{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_20409/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_20409","id":"gutenberg_20409","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20409","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: History - Other","Category: Journalism/Media/Writing","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins\nand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttps://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare listed at the end of the text.\n\n{493} NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 186.]\nSaturday, May 21, 1853.\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                            Page\n    Lord Bacon's \"Advancement of Learning\"                             493\n    Erection of Forts at Michnee and Pylos, by C. Forbes               495\n    Hoveden's Annals: Bohn's \"Antiquarian Library,\" by\n      James Graves                                                     495\n    FOLK LORE:--Raven Superstition--African Folk Lore\n      --Funeral Custom                                                 496\n    Shakspeare Readings, No. VII.                                      496\n    MINOR NOTES:--Portrait of Luther--Randle Wilbraham\n      --Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott--Crassus'\n      Saying                                                           498\n\n  QUERIES:--\n    Bees and the Sphynx atropos, by Sydney Smirke                      499\n    \"The Craftsman's Apology,\" by James Crossley                       499\n    Palissy and Cardinal Wiseman                                       499\n   MINOR QUERIES:--Polidus--St. Paul's Epistles to\n      Seneca--Meaning of \"folowed\"--Roman Catholic\n      Registers--St. Alban's Day--Meigham, the London\n      Printer--Adamsoniana--Canker or Brier Rose--\n      \"Short red, god red\"--Overseers of Wills--Lepel's\n      Regiment--Vincent Family--Passage in the First\n      Part of Faust--Lady Anne Gray--Continental Brasses\n      --Peter Beaver--Cremonas--Cranmer and Calvin                     499\n    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--\"A Letter to a Convocation\n      Man\"--Prester John--Homer's Iliad in a\n      Nut--Monogram of Parker Society--The Five Alls--\n      Corvizer                                                         502\n\n  REPLIES:--\n    English Comedians in Germany                                       503\n    A Gentleman executed for whipping a Slave to Death,\n      by Henry H. Breen                                                503\n    Longevity                                                          504\n    Derivation of Canada, by Robert Wright                             504\n    Setantiorum Portus                                                 505\n    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Stereoscopic Queries\n      --Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c.--Photography\n      applied to Catalogues of Books--Application\n      of Photography to the Microscope                                 505\n    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Discovery At Nuneham\n      Regis--Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas--Parochial Libraries\n      --Painter--Pepys's \"Morena\"--Pylades and\n      Corinna--Judge Smith--Grindle--Simile of the Soul\n      and the Magnetic Needle--English Bishops deprived\n      by Queen Elizabeth--Borrowed Thoughts--Dr. South\n      _v._ Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c.--Foucault's Experiment\n      --Passage in \"Locksley Hall\"--Lake of\n      Geneva--\"Inter cuncta micans\"--\"Its\"--Gloves\n      at Fairs--Astronomical Query--Tortoiseshell Tom\n      Cat--Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender\n      --Wandering Jew--Hallett and Dr. Saxby--\n      \"My mind to me a kingdom is\"--Claret--Suicide at\n      Marseilles--Etymology of Slang--Scanderbeg's Sword\n      --Arago on the Weather--Rathe--Carr Pedigree--\n      Banbury Cakes--Detached Belfry Towers, &c.                       507\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n    Notes on Books, &c.                                                513\n    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                       514\n    Notices to Correspondents                                          514\n    Advertisements                                                     514\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTES.\n\nLORD BACON'S \"ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING.\"\n\nConsidering the large number of quotations from previous writers which\noccur in Lord Bacon's works, and especially in his most popular and\ngenerally read works--his _Essays_ and his _Advancement of Learning_--it is\nremarkable how little his editors have done for the illustration of his\ntext in this respect. The French editors of Montaigne's _Essays_, who is\nlikewise a writer abounding in quotations, have bestowed much care on this\nportion of their author's text. The defect in question has, however, been\nto a great extent supplied in a recent edition of the _Advancement of\nLearning_, published by Mr. Parker in West Strand; and it is to be hoped\nthat the beginning, so usefully made, may be followed up by similar\neditions of other of Bacon's works.\n\nThe edition in question, though it traces the great majority of Bacon's\nquotations, has left some gleanings to its successors; and I propose now to\ncall attention to a few passages of the _Advancement of Learning_ which,\nafter the labours of the late editor, seem still to require further\nelucidation. My references are to the pages of the new edition:--\n\n    P. 25. \"Then grew the flowing and watery vein of Osorius the Portugal\n    bishop to be in price.\"\n\nThe editor prints _Orosius_ for _Osorius_, and adds this note:\n\n    \"All the editions have _Osorius_, which, however, must be a mere\n    misprint. He was not a Portuguese, but a Spaniard, born at Tarragona,\n    nor indeed ever a bishop. He was sent by St. Augustine on a mission to\n    Jerusalem, and is supposed to have died in Africa in the earlier part\n    of the fifth century.\"\n\nThe text of Bacon is quite right. The allusion is not to Paulus Orosius, a\nSpaniard, who flourished at the beginning of the fifth century; but to\nJerome Osorio, who was born at Lisbon in 1506, afterwards became Bishop of\nSilves, and died in 1580. His works were published at Rome in 1592, in 4\nvols. folio. His principal work, _De rebus Emanuelis Virtute et Auspicio\ngestis_, which first appeared in 1571, was several times reprinted, and was\ntranslated into French and English. {494}\n\n    P. 31. \"Time, which is the author of authors.\"\n\nIn _Nov. Org._, i. 84., Time is called \"Auctor auctorum, atque adeo omnis\nauctoritatis.\"\n\n    P. 34. \"But of these conceits Aristotle speaketh seriously and wisely,\n    when he saith, 'Qui respiciunt ad pauca de facili pronunciant.\"\n\nThe editor does not attempt to trace this passage. Query, If it is not in\nAristotle, where is it to be found?\n\n    P. 60. \"Ulysses, 'Qui vetulam praetulit immortalitati' is a figure of\n    those which prefer custom and habit before all excellency.\"\n\nThe editor refers to _Cic. de Orat._, i. 44., where it is said that such is\nthe love of country,\n\n    \"Ut Ithacam illam, in asperrimis saxulis, tanquam nidulum, affixam,\n    sapientissimus vir immortalitati anteponeret.\"\n\nAnother application of the saying is made by Bacon in his Essay VIII., \"On\nMarriage and Single Life:\"\n\n    \"Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly\n    loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses, 'vetulam suam praetulit\n    immortalitati.'\"\n\nThe passage in Cicero does not agree with the dictum quoted by Bacon, which\nseems to be a reference to the _Odyssey_, v. 136. 208-10.\n\n    P. 62. \"Claudus in via antevertit cursorem extra viam.\"\n\nThe same proverb is quoted in _Nov. Org._, i. 61.\n\n    P. 85. \"Omnia mutantur, nil interit\"--\n\nfrom Ovid, _Met._, xv. 165.\n\nSeveral passages are cited by Bacon from Seneca, which the editor does not\ntrace. Thus, in p. 146., it is said,--\n\n    \"Nocet illis eloquentia, quibus non rerum cupiditatem facit, sed sui.\"\n\nPage 147.,--\n\n    \"Vere magnum habere fragilitatem hominis, securitatem Dei.\"\n\nThe same passage is also quoted by Bacon in Essay V., \"On Adversity,\" and\nin the treatise _De Sap. Vet._, vol. x. p. 343., edit. Montagu.\n\nAgain, p. 159.:\n\n    \"De partibus vitae quisque deliberat, de summa nemo.\"\n\nPage 152.,--\n\n    \"Cogita quamdiu eadem feceris,\" &c.,\n\nrepeated in part in the \"Essay on Death.\"\n\nThis last passage is taken, with considerable verbal variations, from\nEpist. 77. Sec. 6.\n\n    \"Therefore Aristotle, when he thinks to tax Democritus, doth in truth\n    commend him, where he saith, _If we shall indeed dispute, and not\n    follow after similitudes_,\" &c.\n\nThe passage referred to is in _Eth. Nic._, vi. 3.; but it contains no\nallusion to Democritus, who is not even named in the _Ethics_; and the word\nwhich Bacon renders _dispute_ ([Greek: akribologeisthai]) means _to speak\nwith precision_.\n\n    P. 163. \"For as the ancient politiques in popular states were wont to\n    compare the people to the sea, and the orators to the winds.\"\n\nThe allusion is to a couplet of Solon:\n\n \"[Greek: ex anemon de thalassa tarassetai? en de tis auten]\n      [Greek: me kinei, panton esti dikaiotate.]\"\n                  _Fragm._ i. 8., ed. Gaisford.\n\nAnd to a passage of Livy (xxviii. 27.):\n\n    \"Multitudo omnis, sicut natura maris, per se immobilis est, venti et\n    aurae cient.\"\n\nCompare Babrius, fab. 71.\n\n    P. 165. \"Did not one of the Fathers, in great indignation, call poesy\n    _vinum daemonum_?\"\n\nThe same citation recurs in Essay I., \"On Truth:\"\n\n    \"One of the Fathers, in great severity, called poesy _vinum daemonum_.\"\n\nQuery, Who is the Father alluded to?\n\nPage 177., the sayings, \"Faber quisque fortunae propriae\" is cited; and\nagain, p. 178., \"Faber quisque fortunae suae.\" In Essay XL., \"On Fortune,\" it\nis quoted, with the addition, \"saith the poet.\" The words are to be found\nin Sallust, _Ad Caesar. de Rep. Ord._, ii. 1.:\n\n    \"Sed res docuit, id verum esse, quad in carminibus Appius ait, fabrum\n    suae esse quemque fortunae.\"\n\nThe Appius alluded to is Appius Claudius the Censor.\n\nBacon proceeds to say:\n\n    \"This conceit or position [viz. 'Faber quisque,' &c.], if it be too\n    much declared and professed, hath been thought a thing impolitic and\n    unlucky, as was observed in Timotheus the Athenian, who, having done\n    many great services to the estate in his government, and giving an\n    account thereof to the people, as the manner was, did conclude every\n    particular with this clause, 'And in this Fortune had no part.' And it\n    came so to pass, that he never prospered in anything he took in hand\n    afterwards.\"\n\nThe anecdote is as follows:--Timotheus had been ridiculed by the comic\npoets, on account of the small share which his own management had had in\nhis successes. A satirical painting had likewise been made, in which he was\nrepresented sleeping, while Fortune stood over him, and drew the cities\ninto his net. (See Plutarch, _Reg. et Imp. Apophth._, vol. ii. p. 42., ed.\nTauchnitz; AElian, V. H. xiii. 42.) On one occasion, however, having\nreturned from a successful expedition, he remarked to the Athenians, in\nallusion to the previous sarcasms, that in this campaign at least Fortune\nhad no share. Plutarch, who relates the latter {495} anecdote in his _Life\nof Sylla_, c. 6., proceeds to say, that this boast gave so much offence to\nthe deity, that he never afterwards prospered in any of his enterprises.\nHis reverse of luck, in consequence of his vainglorious language against\nFortune, is also alluded to by Dio Chrysost. _Orat._, lxiv. Sec. 19., edit.\nEmper. It will be observed that Plutarch refers the saying of Timotheus to\na single expedition; whereas Bacon multiplies it, by extending it over a\nseries of acts.\n\n    P. 172. \"Cicero reporteth that it was then in use for senators that had\n    name and opinion for general wise men, as Coruncanius, Curius, Laelius,\n    and many others, to walk at certain hours in the Place,\" &c.\n\nThe passage alluded to is _De Orat._, iii. 83. The persons there named are\nSex. AElius, Manius Manilius, P. Crassus, Tib. Coruncanius, and Scipio.\n\n    P. 179. \"We will begin, therefore, with this precept, according to the\n    ancient opinion, that the sinews of wisdom are slowness of belief, and\n    distrust.\"\n\nThe precept adverted to is the verse of Epicharmus:\n\n    \"[Greek: naphe kai memnas' apistein? arthra tauta ton phrenon.]\"\n\n    P. 180. \"Fraus sibi in parvis fidem praestruit, ut majore emolumento\n    fallat.\"\n\nQuery, Where does this passage occur, as well as the expression \"alimenta\nsocordiae,\" which Demosthenes, according to Bacon, applies to small favours.\n\nL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nERECTION OF FORTRESS AT MICHNEE AND PYLOS.\n\nMr. Dartnell, Surgeon of H. M. 53rd regiment, gives the following account\nof the building of a fort which has lately been erected at Michnee to check\nthe incursions of the Momunds into the Peshawur Valley:\n\n    \"There was little to be done, except to build a fort, and here the\n    officers had to superintend and direct the working parties which were\n    daily sent out.... Laborers from far and near, Cashmerees, Caboolees,\n    men from the Hindoo Koosh, Afreedees, Khyberees, &c., all working\n    together with hearty goodwill, and a sort of good-humoured rivalry....\n    It is only when working by contract, however, that the Cashmeree\n    displays his full physical powers, and it is then perfectly refreshing,\n    in such a physically relaxing and take-the-world-as-it-goes sort of a\n    country as this, to observe him.... And then to see him carry a burden!\n    On his head? No. On his back? Yes, but after a fashion of his own,\n    perfectly natural and entirely independent of basket, or receptacle of\n    any kind in which to place it. I have now in my garden some half-dozen\n    of these labourers at work, removing immense masses of clay, which are\n    nearly as hard as flint, and how do they manage? My friend Jumah Khan\n    reverts his arms, and clasping his hands together behind his back,\n    receives the pyramidal load, which generally overtops his head, and\n    thus he conveys it to its destination,\" &c.--Colburn's _United Service\n    Magazine_, December, 1852, pp. 514, 515.\n\nThucydides tells us that as soon as the crews of the Athenian ships,\nweatherbound at Pylos in the spring of the year B.C. 425, had made up their\nminds to kill time by fortifying their harbour of refuge,--\n\n    \"They took the work in hand, and plied it briskly.... The mud that was\n    anywhere requisite, for want of vessels, they carried on their\n    shoulders, bending forwards as much as possible, that it might have\n    room to stick on, and holding it up with both hands clasped fast behind\n    that it might not slide down.\"--Book iv. chap. 4. (Smith's\n    Translation.)\n\nC. FORBES.\n\nTemple.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nHOVEDEN'S ANNALS--BOHN'S \"ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY.\"\n\nConsidering the cheap issue of all standard works of reference a great boon\nto the general student, I was predisposed to welcome heartily Mr. Bohn's\n_Antiquarian Library_. If, however, _cheapness_ be accompanied by\n_incorrectness_, the promised boon I conceive to be worthless; even one or\ntwo glaring errors rendering the student distrustful of the entire series.\nI was led to form the first of these conclusions on receiving vol. i. of a\ntranslation of the _Annals of Roger de Hoveden_, by Henry T. Riley, Esq.,\nbarrister-at-law; who introduces the work by a flourish of trumpets in the\nPreface, on the multifarious errors of the London and Frankfort editions,\nand the labour taken to correct _his own_; to the second by observing,\nwhilst cutting the leaves, the following glaring errors, put forward too as\n_corrections_:--Vol. i. p. 350., Henry II. is stated by the _Annalist_ to\nhave landed in Ireland, A.D. 1172, \"at a place which is called _Croch_,\ndistant _eight miles_ from the city of Waterford.\" Here Mr. Riley, with\nperfect gravity, suggests _Cork_[1] as the true reading!! Can it be, that a\nbarrister-at-law, with an ominously Irish-sounding name, is ignorant that\nthe city of Cork is somewhat more distant than _eight miles_ from the _urbs\nintacta_, as Waterford loves to call herself? The fact is, however, that\nHoveden and his former editors were nearly correct: on {496} old maps of\nthe harbour of Waterford, Crook Castle is laid down inside Creden Head, on\nthe Waterford side of the harbour; and Crook is still the name of a place\nat the point indicated, somewhat more however than eight miles from\nWaterford.\n\nAgain, at p. 351. occurs Hoveden's well-known and valuable enumeration of\nthe Irish episcopal sees at the same period, of which Mr. Riley observes:\n\"Nearly all these are mis-spelt ... they are in a state of almost hopeless\nconfusion.\" And then, to make confusion worse confounded, his note on the\nBishop of Ossory (p. 352.) says \"In the text, 'Erupolensis' is perhaps a\nmistake for 'Ossoriensis.'\" Now, _Erupolensis_ happens to be a correct\n_alias_ of Ossoriensis: the former characterising the diocese from\nKilkenny, the cathedral city, which being seated on the Nore, or\nNeor--Hibernice _Eoir_, Latine _Erus_, was sometimes called Erupolis--the\nlatter from the territory with which the see was and is co-extensive, the\nancient kingdom of Ossory.\n\nHow many more errors there may be in the first volume of the work, I cannot\nsay: but, at all events, what the reader has to complain of is, _not_ that\nthe translator was unable to tell all about \"Croch\" and \"Erupolis,\" but\nthat, not knowing, he has made matters worse by his hardy elucidations.\nTruly, at this rate, it were better that no cheap edition of Hoveden were\nvouchsafed to the public.\n\nJAMES GRAVES.\n\nKilkenny.\n\n[Footnote 1: This geographical _morceau_ was nearly equalled by a scribe in\nthe _Illustrated London News_, who stated that her Gracious Majesty's\nsteam-yacht, with its royal freight and attendant squadron, when coasting\nround from Cork to Dublin in the year 1849, had entered Tramore Bay, and\nthence steamed up to Passage in the Waterford Harbour! A truly _royal road_\nto safety; and one that, did it exist, would have saved many a gallant crew\nand ship, which have met their fate within the landlocked, but ironbound\nand shelterless, jaws of Tramore Bay.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Raven Superstition._--On a recent occasion, at an ordinary meeting of the\nguardians of the poor, an application was made by the relieving officer on\nbehalf of a single woman residing in the church village at Altarnun. The\ncause of seeking relief was stated to be \"grief,\" and on asking for an\nexplanation, the officer stated that the applicant's inability to work was\nowing to depressed spirits, produced by the flight of a croaking raven over\nher dwelling on the morning of his visit to the village. The pauper was by\nthis circumstance, in connexion with its well-known ominous character,\nactually frightened into a state of wretched nervous depression, which\ninduced physical want.\n\nS. R. P.\n\n_African Folk Lore._--The following curious piece of folk lore is quoted\nfrom an extract in _The Critic_ (of April 1, 1853, p. 172.), in the course\nof a review of Richardson's _Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa,\n&c._:\n\n    \"To avert the evil eye from the gardens, the people (of Mourzak) put up\n    the head of an ass, or some portion of the bones of that animal. The\n    same superstition prevails in all the oases that stud the north of\n    Africa, from Egypt to the Atlantic, but the people are unwilling to\n    explain what especial virtue there exists in an ass's skull.\"\n\nW. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\n_Funeral Custom._--In some parts (I believe) of Yorkshire, and perhaps\nelsewhere, it is customary to send, immediately after a death, a paper bag\nof biscuits, and a card with the name, &c. of the deceased, to his friends,\nbe they many or few. Can any of your readers explain the matter? I have\nmore than once seen the card, but not the biscuits.\n\nABHBA.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VII.\n\n\"What are 'Aristotle's checks?'\"\n\nThis is the question that MR. COLLIER proposed in support of the alteration\nof _checks_ into _ethics_, at p. 144. of his _Notes and Emendations_. He\nterms _checks_ \"an absurd blunder,\" and in the preface he again introduces\nit, passing upon it the same unqualified sentence of excommunication, as\nupon \"bosom multiplied,\" viz. \"it can never be repeated.\" In this opinion\nhe is backed by most of the public scribes of the day, especially by the\ncritic of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for April, who declares \"we should be\nvery sorry to have to discover what the editors have understood by the\n_checks_ of Aristotle.\" Furthermore, this critic thinks that \"it is\nextremely singular that the mistake should have remained so long\nuncorrected;\" and he intimates that they who have found any meaning in\n_checks_, have done so only because, through ignorance, they could find no\nmeaning in _ethics_.\n\nHence it becomes necessary for those who do find a meaning in _checks_, to\ndefend that meaning; and hence I undertake to answer MR. COLLIER'S\nquestion.\n\nAristotle's _checks_ are those _moral adjustments_ that form the\ndistinguishing feature of his philosophy.\n\nThey are _the eyes of reason_, whereby he would teach man to avoid\ndivergence from the straight path of happiness.\n\nThey are his moderators, his mediocrities, his metriopathics.\n\nThey are his philosophical steering-marks, his moral guiding-lines, whereby\nthe passions are to be kept in the _via media_; as much removed from total\nabnegation on the one hand, as from immoderate indulgence on the other.\n\nVirtue, according to Aristotle, consists in checked or _adjusted_\npropensities. Our passions are not in themselves evil, except when\nunchecked by reason. And inasmuch as we may overeat, or underfeed ourselves\n(the check being temperance), so may we suffer our other propensities to\ndeviate from the _juste milieu_, either in the direction of indulgence or\nof privation. {497}\n\nThe art of adjusting the passions requires an apprenticeship to virtue. The\nend to be attained is the establishment of good habits. These good habits,\nlike any other skill, can only be attained by practice. Therefore the\npractice of virtue is the education of the passions.\n\n_Ethics_ is the doctrine of _habits_; but habits may be good or bad. When\ngood, they constitute virtue; when bad, licentiousness.\n\nThe doctrine of _checks_ is that branch of _ethics_ which teaches moral\nadjustment and restraint.\n\nTherefore _checks_ and _licentiousness_ are in better antithesis to each\nother, than _ethics_ can be to either, because ethics includes both.\n\nThe Aristotelian idea of _adjustment_, rather than _denial_, of the\npassions, is well illustrated in the following passage from Plutarch's\n_Morall Vertue_, by Philemon Holland, a contemporary of Shakspeare:\n\n    \"For neither do they shed and spill the wine upon the floure who are\n    afraide to be drunke, but delay the same with water: nor those who\n    feare the violence of a passion, do take it quite away, but rather\n    temper and qualifie the same: like as folke use to breake horses and\n    oxen from their flinging out with their heeles, their stiffenes and\n    curstnes of the head, and stubburnes in receiving the bridle or the\n    yoke, but do not restraine them of other motions of going about their\n    worke and doing their deede. And even so, verily, reason maketh good\n    use of these passions, when they be well tamed, and, as it were,\n    brought to hand: without overweakening or rooting out cleane that parte\n    of the soule which is made for to second reason and do it good\n    service.... Whereas let passions be rid cleane away (if that were\n    possible to be done), our reason will be found in many things more dull\n    and idle: like as the pilot and master of a ship hath little to do if\n    the winde be laid and no gale at all stirring ... as if to _the\n    discourse of reason_ the gods had adjoined passion as a pricke to\n    incite, and a chariot to set it forward.\"\n\nAgain, in describing the \"Meanes,\" he says--\n\n    \"Now to begin with Fortitude, they say it is the meane between\n    Cowardise and rash Audacitie; of which twaine the one is a defect, the\n    other an excesse of the yrefull passion: Liberalitie, betweene\n    Nigardise and Prodigalitie: Clemencie and Mildnesse, betweene\n    senselesse Indolence and Crueltie: Justice, the meane of giving more or\n    lesse than due: Temperance, a mediocritie betweene the blockish\n    stupiditie of the minde, moved with _no touch of pleasure_, and all\n    unbrideled loosenes, whereby it is abandoned to all sensualitie.\"--\n    _The Philosophie of Plutarch_, fol. 1603.\n\nIt really does appear to me that there could not be a happier or more\nappropriate designation, for a philosophy made up in this way of \"meanes\"\nand adjustments, so as to steer between the _plus_ and _minus_, than a\nsystem of _checks_--not fixed, or rigid rules, as they are sometimes\ninterpreted to be, but nice allowances of excess or defect, to be\ndiscovered, weighed, and determined by individual reason, in the audit of\neach man's conscience, according to the strength or weakness of the\npassions he may have to regulate.\n\nI therefore oppose the substitution of _ethics_--\n\n1. Because we have the _prima facie_ evidence of the text itself, that\n_checks_ was Shakspeare's word.\n\n2. Because we have internal evidence, in the significance and excellence of\nthe phrase, that it was Shakspeare's word.\n\n_Ethics_ was the patent title by which Aristotle's moral philosophy was\nuniversally known; therefore any ignoramus, who never dipped beyond the\ntitle, might, _and would_, have used it. But no person, except one well\nread in the philosophy itself, would think of giving it such a designation\nas _checks_; which word, nevertheless, is most happily characteristic of\nit.\n\n3. Because, as before stated, Aristotle's _checks_, being the restrictive\nand regulating portion of Aristotle's _Ethics_, is necessarily a more\ndiametrical antithesis to Ovid (and his _laxities_).\n\n4. Because I look upon the use of this phrase as one of those nice and\nscarcely perceptible touches by which Shakspeare was content rather to hint\nat, than to disclose his knowledge,--one of those effects whereby he makes\na single word supply the place of a treatise.\n\nWith these opinions, I cannot but look upon this threatened change of\n_checks_ into _ethics_, as wholly unwarrantable, and I now protest against\nit as earnestly as, upon a former occasion, I did against the alteration of\n_sickles_ into _shekels_, or, still worse, into _cycles_ or into _circles_.\nIt is with great satisfaction I compare four different views taken of this\nword by MR. COLLIER, viz.--in the note to the text of his octavo edition of\nShakspeare;--in an additional note in vol. i., page cclxxxiv. of that\nedition;--in the first announcement of his annotated folio in the\n_Athenaeum_ newspaper, Jan. 31st, 1852,--and finally (after my remarks upon\nthe word in \"N. & Q.\"), his virtual reinstatement of the original _sickle_\n(till then supposed a palpable and undeniable misprint) at page 46. of\n_Notes and Emendations_, together with the production, _suo motu_, of an\nindependent reference in support of my position.\n\nTo return to this present substitution of _ethics_ for _checks_, a very\nsingular circumstance connected with it is the ignoring, by both MR.\nCOLLIER and by the critic in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, of Sir William\nBlackstone's original claim to the suggestion, by prior publication of\nupwards of half a century. At that time, notwithstanding the great learning\nand acuteness of the proposer, the alteration was rejected! And shall we\nnow be less wise than our fathers? Shall we--misled by the prestige of a\nfew drops of rusty ink fashioned into letters of formal cut--place implicit\ncredence in emendations whose only claim to faith, like that of the Mormon\nscriptures, is that nobody knows whence they came? {498}\n\nIn the passage I have quoted from Philemon Holland, there may be observed\ntwo peculiarities which are generally supposed to be exclusively\nShakspearian: one is the beautiful application of the word \"touch\"--the\nother the phrase \"discourse of reason.\" Where this last expression occurs\nin _Hamlet_, it narrowly escaped _emendation_ at the hands of Gifford! (See\nMr. Knight's note, in his illustrated edition of _Shakspeare_.) It is the\ntrue Aristotelian [Greek: dianoia].\n\nThere is also a third peculiarity of expression in the same quotation, in\nthe use of the word _delay_ in the sense of _diluere_, to dilute, temper,\nallay. There are at least two passages in Shakspeare's plays where the word\nis used in this sense, but which appear to have been overlooked by his\nglossarists. The first is in _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act IV. Sc. 3.,\nwhere the French locals are moralising upon Bertram's profligate pursuit of\nDiana:\n\n    \"Now God _delay_ our rebellion--as we are ourselves, what are we?\"\n\nThe second is in _Cymbeline_, Act V. Sc. 4., where Jupiter tempers his love\nwith crosses, in order to make his gifts--\n\n \"The more _delayed_, delighted.\"\n\nA. E. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Portrait of Luther._--A portrait of Luther, perhaps original, certainly\nnearly cotemporary with the Reformer, possessing many excellent qualities,\nwas some time since shown me. It is in the possession of Mr. Horne, of\nMorton in Marsh, Gloucestershire: it was received by him from an elderly\ngentleman still living in London, who purchased it many years since at a\nsale of pictures. The picture is very dark, on canvass, with a black frame\nhaving a narrow gilt moulding. As the existence of this portrait is perhaps\nnot known, mention of the fact might interest some of your readers. The\npicture, including frame, is perhaps in size thirty inches by twenty-four;\nand the age of the sitter, whose features are delineated with remarkable\neffects is probably under fifty years.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_Randle Wilbraham._--Randle Wilbraham, Esq., the grandfather of Lord\nSkelmersdale, who died upon the 3rd of April last, was a lawyer of great\neminence, and held the office of treasurer of Lincoln's Inn. The university\nof Oxford conferred, by diploma, the degree of D.C.L. upon him in these\nnotable terms:\n\n    \"Placuit nobis in Convocatione die 14 mensis Aprilis 1761, solenniter\n    convocatis spectatissimum Ranulphum Wilbraham, Arm. Coll. AEnaei Nasi\n    quondam commensalem, in agendis causis pro diversis Tribunalibus per\n    multos retro annos hodieque versatissimum, Subsenescallum nostrum et\n    Consiliarium fidissimum, Gradu Doctoris in Jure Civili insignire. Cujus\n    quidem haec praecipua ac prope singularis et est, et semper fuit, quod\n    propriis ingenii et industriae suae viribus innixus Aulici favoris nec\n    appetens, nec particeps, sine ullo magnatum patrocinio, sine turpi\n    Adulantium aucupio, ad summam tamen in Foro, in Academia, in Senatu,\n    tum gloriam, tum etiam authoritatem facilem sibi et stabilem munivit\n    viam, Fortunae suae si quis alius Deo Favente vere Faber\", &c.\n\nThe above is copied from the original diploma, which Mr. Randle Wilbraham\ngave to his nephew, the late Dr. William Falconer of Bath. On the death of\nMr. R. Wilbraham, Chief Justice Wilmot wrote \"I have lost my old friend Mr.\nWilbraham: he died in the seventy-seventh year of his age, and has not left\na better lawyer, or an honester man behind him.\"\n\nANON.\n\n_Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott._--\n\n \"Earth walks on Earth,\n      Glittering in gold:\n  Earth goes to Earth,\n      Sooner than it wold:\n  Earth builds on Earth,\n      Palaces and towers:\n  Earth says to Earth:\n      Soon, all shall be ours.\"\n\nThe above, by Sir W. Scott, I _believe_, has never appeared in print to my\nknowledge. It was recited to me by a friend of Sir W. Scott.\n\nR. VINCENT.\n\n_Crassus' Saying._--I find in the Diary of the poet Moore (in Lord John\nRussell's edition), vol. ii. p. 148., a conversation recorded with Dr.\nParr, in which the Doctor quotes \"the witticism that made Crassus laugh\n(the only time in his life): 'Similes habent labra lactucas.'\"\n\nIt appears (see the quotations in Facciolati) that this sage and\nlaughter-moving remark of Crassus was made on seeing an ass eating a\nthistle; whereon he exclaimed, \"Similes habent labra lactucas.\"\n\nIn Bailey's edition of Facciolati it is said, \"Proverbium habet locum ubi\nsimilia similibus contingunt,... quo sensu Angli dicimus, 'Like lips like\nlettuce: like priest like people.'\"\n\nOut of this explanation it is difficult to elicit any sense, much less any\n\"witticism.\"\n\nI suggest that Crassus' saying meant, \"His (the ass's) lips hold thistles\nand lettuces to be both alike;\" wanting the discrimination to distinguish\nbetween them. Or, if I may put it into a doggerel rhyme:\n\n \"About a donkeys taste why need we fret us?\n  To lips like his a thistle is a lettuce.\"\n\nWM. EWART.\n\nUniversity Club.\n\n       *       *       *       *       * {499}\n\n\nQueries.\n\nBEES AND THE SPHYNX ATROPOS.\n\nHuber, in his _Observations on the Natural History of Bees_, avers that the\nmoth called the _Sphynx atropos_ invades and plunders with impunity a hive\ncontaining thousands of bees, notwithstanding the watchfulness, pugnacity,\nand formidable weapons of those insects. To account for this phenomenon, he\nstates that the queen bee has the faculty of emitting a certain sound which\ninstantly strikes the bees motionless; and he conjectures that this\nburglarious moth, being endowed with the same property, uses it to produce\na similar effect, first on the sentinels at the entrance of the hive, and\nthen on the bees within.\n\nIn another part of his book (2nd edit. 1808, p. 202.) he relates what he\nhimself witnessed on introducing a strange queen into a hive. The bees,\ngreatly irritated, pulled her, bit her, and chased her away; but on her\nemitting the sound and assuming an extraordinary attitude, \"the bees all\nhung down their heads and remained motionless.\" On the following day he\nrepeated the experiment, and the intrusive queen was similarly maltreated;\nbut when she emitted her sound, and assumed the attitude, from that moment\nthe bees again became motionless.\n\nHave more modern observers verified this curious fact? Is it not a case of\nmesmerism?\n\nSYDNEY SMIRKE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\"THE CRAFTSMAN'S APOLOGY.\"\n\nWhen Bolingbroke published his _Final Answer to the Remarks on the\nCraftsman's Vindication, and to all the Libels which have come, or may come\nfrom the same quarter against the Person last mentioned in the Craftsman of\nthe 22nd May, 1731_, he was answered in five Poetical Letters to the King,\nwhich in keenness of wit, polished satire, and flowing ease of\nversification, have not been since surpassed. The title of the tract in\nwhich they are contained is _The Craftsman's Apology, being a Vindication\nof his Conduct and Writings in several Letters to the King_, printed for T.\nCooper, 1732, 8vo. pages 32. By whom were these very clever and amusing\nletters written? Lord Hervey or Sir Charles Hanbury Williams are the\nparties one would think most likely to have written them; but they do not\nappear in the list of Lord Hervey's works given by Walpole, or amongst\nthose noticed by Mr. Croker, or in Sir C. H. Williams's _Collected Works_,\nin three volumes. Independently of which, I question whether the\nversification is not, in point of harmony, too equal for either of them. If\nthey be included in the collected works of any other writer of the time,\nwhich I have no immediate recollection of, some of your correspondents will\nno doubt be able to point him out. Should it appear that they have not been\nreprinted, I shall be disposed to recur again to the subject, and to give\nan extract from them, as, of all the attacks ever made upon Bolingbroke,\nthey seem to me the most pleasant, witty, and effective.\n\nJAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPALISSY AND CARDINAL WISEMAN.\n\nOn April 28, Cardinal Wiseman, at the Manchester Corn Exchange, delivered a\nlecture \"On the Relation of the Arts of Design to the Arts of Production.\"\nIt occupies thirteen columns of _The Tablet_ of May 7, which professes to\ngive it \"from _The Manchester Examiner_, with corrections and additions.\" I\nhave read it with pleasure, and shall preserve it as one of the best\ndiscourses on Art ever delivered; but there is a matter of fact, on which I\nam not so well satisfied. In noticing Bernard Palissy, the cardinal is\nreported to have said:\n\n    \"For sixteen years he persevered in this way; and then was crowned with\n    success, and produced the first specimens of coloured and beautiful\n    pottery, such as are to this day sought by the curious; and _he\n    received a situation in the king's household, and ended his days in\n    comfort and respectability_.\"\n\nIn the review of \"Morley's Life of Palissy the Potter,\" _Spectator_, Oct.\n9, 1852, it is said:\n\n    \"The period of the great potter's birth is uncertain. Mr. Morley fixes\n    it, on probable data, at 1509; but with a latitude of six years on\n    either side. _Palissy died in 1589 in the Bastile, where he had been\n    confined four years as a Hugenot; the king and his other friends could\n    defer his trial, but dared not grant him liberty._\"\n\nAll the accounts which I have read agree with Mr. Morley and the\n_Spectator_. Are they or the cardinal right, supposing him to be correctly\nreported?\n\nH. B. C.\n\nU. U. Club.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Polidus._--Can you tell me where the scene of the following play is laid,\nand the names of the _dramatis personae_?--_Polidus, a Tragedy_, by Moses\nBrowne, 8vo. 1723. The author of this play, who was born in 1703, and died\nin 1787, was for some time the curate of the Rev. James Harvey, author of\n_Meditations_, and other works. Mr. Browne was afterwards presented to the\nvicarage of Olney, in Bucks, where the Rev. John Newton was his curate for\nseveral years.\n\nA. Z.\n\nGlasgow.\n\n    [Moses Browne was subsequently Chaplain of Morden College. The\n    piscatory brotherhood are indebted to him for having revived Walton's\n    _Complete Angler_, after it had lain dormant for upwards of eighty\n    years; and this task, he tells us, was undertaken at the request of Dr.\n    Samuel Johnson.--ED.]\n\n{500}\n\n_St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca._--It has frequently been affirmed that\nSeneca became, in the last year of his life, a convert to Christianity--his\ncanonisation by St. Jerome is undoubted and there was stated to be a MS. of\nthe above epistle in Merton College. May I ask any of your contributors\nwhether this MS. has ever been printed?\n\nJ. M. S.\n\nHull.\n\n_Meaning of \"folowed.\"_--Inside the cover of an old Bible and Prayer-Book,\nbound in one quarto, Robert Barker, 1611, is the following inscription:\n\n    \"July eight I was much folowed when I lay in bed alone att Mistris\n    Whitmore's house, wee haveing agreed too bee married nextt daye.\n\n    \"God, even our own God, shal bless us. This incouriged mee too hope for\n    God's favour and blessing through Christ.\n\n    \"Christopher Curwen and Hannah Whitmore was married att Lambe's Chapel,\n    near Criplegate, July ninth, 1712.\"\n\nAn entry of his marriage with his first wife, Elizabeth Sutton, 1704, is on\nthe cover at the beginning of the book.\n\nCan any one of your correspondents enlighten me as to the meaning of the\nword _folowed_? The letters are legibly written, and there can be no\nmistake about any of them. Is it an expression derived from the Puritans?\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n_Roman Catholic Registers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where\nI can find the registers of births, marriages, and burials of Roman\nCatholic families living in Berks and Oxon in the reigns of Charles I. and\nII.?\n\nA. PT.\n\n_St. Alban's Day._--At p. 340. of the _Chronicles of London Bridge_, it is\nstated that Cardinal Fisher was executed on St. Alban's day, June 22, 1535.\nHow is it that in our present calendar St. Alban's day is not June 22, but\nJune 17? On looking back I see SIR W. C. TREVELYAN, in our first volume,\ninquired the reason of this change, but I do not find any reply to his\nQuery.\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_Meigham, the London Printer._--J. A. S. is desirous of obtaining\ninformation regarding a printer in London, of the name of Meigham, about\n1745-8, or to be directed where to search for such. Meigham conversed, or\ncorresponded, about Catholicity with Dr. Hay, the then vicar-apostolic of\nthe Eastern District of Scotland.\n\n_Adamsoniana._--Is anything known of the family of Michel Adamson, or\nMichael Adamson, the eminent naturalist and voyager to Senegal, who, though\nborn in France, is said to have been of Scottish extraction?\n\nWhere is the following poem to be met with?\n\n    \"Ode in Collegium Bengalense, praemio dignata quod alumnis collegiorum\n    Aberdonensium proposuit vir reverendus C. Buchanan, Coll. Bengalensis\n    Praefectus Vicarius. Auctore Alexandro Adamson, A.M., Coll. Marisch.\n    Aberd. alumno.\"\n\nAllow me to repeat a Query which was inserted in Vol. ii., p. 297., asking\nfor any information respecting J. Adamson, the author of a rare tract on\nEdward II.'s reign, published in 1732, in defence of the Walpole\nadministration from the attacks of the _Craftsman_.\n\nWho was John Adamson, author of _Fanny of Caernarvon, or the War of the\nRoses_, an historical romance, of which a French translation was published\nin 1809 at Paris, in 2 vols. 12mo.?\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_Canker or Brier Rose._--Can any of your correspondents tell me why the\nbrier or dog-rose was anciently called the _canker_? The brier is\nparticularly free from the disease so called, and the name does not appear\nto have been used in disparagement. In Shakspeare's beautiful Sonnet LIV.\nare the lines:\n\n \"The _canker-blooms_ have full as deep a dye,\n  As the perfumed tincture of the roses.\"\n\nIn _King Henry IV._, Act I. Sc. 3., Hotspur says:\n\n \"Shall it for shame be spoken in these days,\n  Or fill up chronicles in times to come,\n  That men of your nobility and power,\n  Did 'gage them both in an unjust behalf,\n  (As both of you, God pardon it! have done)\n  To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose\n  And plant this thorn, this _canker_ Bolingbroke.\"\n\nAnd again, Don John, in _Much Ado about Nothing_, Act I. Sc. 3.:\n\n    \"I had rather be a _canker_ in a hedge, than a rose in the grave.\"\n\nANON.\n\n\"_Short red, god red._\"--In Roger of Wendover's _Chronicle_, Bohn's\nedition, vol. i. p. 345., is a story how Walchere, Bishop of Durham, was\nslain in his county court, A.D. 1075, by the suitors on the instigation of\none who cried out in his native tongue \"Schort red, god red, slea ye the\nbischop.\"\n\nSir Walter Scott, in his _Tales of a Grandfather_ (vol. i. p. 85.), tells\nthe same story of a Bishop of Caithness who was burned for enforcing tithes\nin the reign of Alexander II. of Scotland (about 1220).\n\nWhat authority is there for the latter story? Did Sir Walter confound the\ntwo bishops, or did he add the circumstance for the amusement of Hugh\nLittlejohn? Was this the formula usually adopted on such occasions? How\ncame the Caithness people to speak such good Saxon?\n\nG.\n\n_Overseers of Wills._--I have copies of several wills of the fifteenth and\nsixteenth centuries, in {501} which one set of persons are appointed\n_executors_ and another _overseers_. What were the rights and duties of\nthese latter?\n\nJ. K.\n\n_Lepel's Regiment._--Can your correspondent MR. ARTHUR HAMILTON inform me\nwhat is the regiment known in 1707 as _Lepel's Regiment_? It was a cavalry\nregiment, I believe.\n\nJ. K.\n\n_Vincent Family._--Can any of your correspondents give me any information\nrespecting the descendants of Francis Vincent, grandson of Augustine\nVincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant at Arms. His sister Elizabeth has, or had\nvery lately, a representative in the person of Francis Offley Edmunds of\nWorsborough, Yorkshire; but nowhere have I been able to obtain any\ninformation respecting himself. If you could give any information on this\nsubject, you would much oblige\n\nC. WILSON.\n\n_Passage in the First Part of Faust._--\n\n \"_Faust._ Es Klopft? Herein! Wer will mich wieder plagen?\n  _Mephistopheles._ Ich bin's.\n  _Faust._ Herein!\n  _Mephis._ Du musst es dreimal sagen.\n  _Faust._ Herein denn!\n  _Mephis._ So gefaellst du mir.\"\n\nWhy must he say it _three_ times? Is this a superstition that can be traced\nin other countries than Germany? In Horace we have Diana thus addressed:\n\n \"_Ter_ vocata audis, adimisque letho,\n  Diva triformis.\"--Lib. iii. Ode 22.\n\nBut she is there the benign Diana, not Hecate.\n\nAre we to understand the passage to mean, that the number _three_ has a\nmagical influence in summoning spirits; or to teach that the power of evil\nis so overruled by a higher Power, that he cannot approach to begin his\nwork of temptation and ruin unless he be, not once merely, or twice, but\n_three_ times, called by the free will and act of the individual who is\nsurrendering himself to his influence? The subject seems worthy of\nelucidation.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_Lady Anne Gray._--Who was the \"Lady Anne Gray,\" or \"Lady Gray,\" who was\none of the attendants on Queen Elizabeth when princess, and is mentioned\nfirst in Sir John Harrington's poem in praise of her ladies?\n\nN. A.\n\n_Continental Brasses._--At a recent meeting of the Archaeological Institute,\nMr. Nesbitt exhibited rubbings of some fine brasses at Bamberg, Naumberg,\nMeissen, and Erfurt. Mr. Nesbitt would confer a favour on the readers of\n\"N. & Q.\" by stating the names and dates of those sepulchral memorials, and\nthe churches from which he obtained the rubbings, and thus aid in carrying\nout MR. W. SPARROW SIMPSON'S excellent suggestion for obtaining a complete\nlist of monumental brasses on the Continent.\n\nWILLIAM W. KING.\n\n_Peter Beaver._--In the early part of the last century, a gentleman named\nPeter Beaver, whose daughter was married in 1739 to Latham Blacker, Esq.,\nof Rathescar, lived in the old and fashionable town of Drogheda. Can any\none inform me as to the year of his death, and whether he left a son? The\nname has disappeared in Drogheda. I would likewise be glad to know the\norigin of the name; and, if it be a corruption of Beauvoir, at what time,\nand for what reason, was it changed? The crest is the animal of the same\nname.\n\nABHBA.\n\n_Cremonas._--Can any of your numerous correspondents kindly supply me with\na list of the earliest and the latest of the instruments of each of the\nfamous _cremona_ makers? Such a list would be a valuable contribution to\n\"N. & Q.\"\n\nMr. Dubourg's work on the _Violin_, excellent as it is in many respects,\ncontains but a meagre account of the instrument itself, and is sadly\ndeficient on the subject of my Query. May I ask him, and I have reason for\nso doing, on what authority he gives 1664 as the year of the birth of\nAntonius Stradivarius, in his last edition?\n\nH. C. K.\n\n_Cranmer and Calvin._--In the _Christian Observer_ for March 1827 (No. 303.\np. 150.) it is stated that the late Rev. T. Brock, of Guernsey, had been\nassured by an eminent scholar of Geneva, afterwards a clergyman in our\nchurch, that he had met with, in a public library at Geneva, a printed\ncorrespondence in Latin between Archbishop Cranmer and Calvin, in which the\nlatter forewarned the former, that though he perfectly understood the\nmeaning of the baptismal service, yet \"the time would come when\" it \"would\nbe misconceived, and received as implying that baptism absolutely conveyed\nregeneration;\" and that Cranmer replied, \"that it is not possible such a\nconstruction can be put upon the passage, the church having sufficiently\nexplained her meaning in the Articles and elsewhere.\" I have heard that\nsearch was made for these documents by M. D'Aubigne and others, but without\nsuccess; one of the reports being, that \"the documents had been apparently\n_cut out_.\" Mr. Brock's informant, I hear, was a Rev. Marc De Joux, who\nafterwards became an Irvingite, left Guernsey, and went to the Mauritius,\nwhere it is believed he still resides. With the _theological_ question I\nwish not here to meddle, or to express an opinion. But I should be glad if\nyou will kindly permit me to inquire whether any of your readers can give\nany information as to the existence of the supposed \"printed\"\ncorrespondence {502} referred to? whether or not it does exist? and, if so,\nwhere?\n\nC. D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n\"_A Letter to a Convocation Man_\" (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 415.).--I beg to\nthank \"N. & Q.\" for the answer to my inquiry respecting the authorship of\nthis letter. I should be very glad to learn further particulars respecting\nSir Bartholomew Shower. Was he a member of the House of Commons, as the\nauthor of the Letter intimates that he himself was? I shall also be very\nthankful if TYRO, or any other correspondent, will answer for me these\nQueries, suggested by the same Letter.\n\n    \"It was the opinion, indeed, of a late _great preacher_, that\n    Christians under a Mahometan or Pagan government, ought to value the\n    peace of the country above the conversion of the people there.\"\n\nWho is the preacher here referred to?\n\nWho were the authors, and what were the titles of the many _Defences_ of\nSherlock's _Vindication of the Holy and Ever Blessed Trinity_, and _The\nDivinity and Death of Christ_? *\n\nAnd what farther is to be learned of Mr. Papin, a Socinian, who jointed the\nChurch of Rome about that period? +\n\nWho was Chief Justice in 1697? Was it Chief Justice Treby? ++\n\nTrelawney, Bishop of Exeter, excommunicated Dr. Bury. When was the living\nthe latter enjoyed \"untouched and even unquestioned by another bishop?\" Sec.\n\nIn case the answers to these should not appear of sufficient importance to\nbe put into type, I enclose an envelope.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\nP.S.--The misprint you point out, Vol. vii., p. 409., of _Oxoniensis_ for\n_Exoniensis_, occurred in the Appendix to Wake's _State of the Church and\nClergy of England_, p. 4.\n\n    [* The titles of nearly twenty works relating to Sherlock's Trinitarian\n    Controversy will be found _s. v._ in the _Bodleian Catalogue_, vol.\n    iii. p. 462. See also Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_.\n\n    + A long account of Mr. Papin is given in Rose's as well as in\n    Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_.\n\n    ++ Sir George Treby was Chief Justice of Common Pleas in 1697.\n\n    Sec. Bishop Trelawney, it appears, suspended Dr. Arthur Bury from the\n    rectorship of Exeter College for some heterodox notions in his work,\n    _The Naked Gospel_. The affair was carried by appeal from the King's\n    Bench to the House of Lords, when Bishop Stillingfleet delivered a\n    speech on the \"Case of Visitation of Colleges,\" printed in his\n    _Ecclesiastical Cases_, part ii. p. 411. Wood states that Dr. Bury was\n    soon after restored. For an account of this controversy, and the works\n    relating to it, see Gough's _British Topography_, vol. ii. p. 147., and\n    Wood's _Athenae_ (Bliss), vol. iv. p. 483.\n\n    Any farther communications on the above Queries shall be forwarded to\n    the correspondent.]\n\n_Prester John._--I should be glad, through the medium of \"N. & Q.,\" to be\nfavoured with some information relative to this mysterious personage.\n\nSTRATH CLYDE.\n\n    [The history of Prester John, or of the individuals bearing that\n    appellation, appears involved in considerable confusion and obscurity.\n    Most of our Encyclopaedias contain notices of this mysterious personage,\n    especially Rees's, and Collier's _Great Historical Dictionary_. \"The\n    fame of _Prester_ or _Presbyter_ John,\" says Gibbon, \"a khan, whose\n    power was vainly magnified by the Nestorian missionaries, and who is\n    said to have received at their hands the rite of baptism, and even of\n    ordination, has long amused the credulity of Europe. In its long\n    progress to Mosul, Jerusalem, Rome, &c., the story of Prester John\n    evaporated into a monstrous fable, of which some features have been\n    borrowed from the Lama of Thibet (_Hist. Geneaologique des Tartares_,\n    part ii. p. 42.; _Hist. de Gengiscan_, p. 31. &c.), and were ignorantly\n    transferred by the Portuguese to the emperor of Abyssinia (Ludolph.\n    _Hist. AEthop. Comment._ l. ii. c. 1.). Yet is is probable that, in the\n    twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Nestorian Christianity was professed\n    in the horde of the Keraites.\"]\n\n_Homer's Iliad in a Nut._--On the tomb of those celebrated gardeners,\nTradescant father and son, these lines occur in the course of the\ninscription:\n\n \"Whilst they (as Homer's Iliad in a nut),\n  A World of Wonders in one closet shut.\"\n\nWill you explain the comparison implied in the words \"as Homer's Iliad in a\nnut?\"\n\nDAVID.\n\n    [It refers to the account given by Pliny, vii. 21., that the _Iliad_\n    was copied in so small a hand, that the whole work could lie in a\n    walnut-shell: \"In nuce inclusam Iliada Homeri carmen, in membrana\n    scriptum tradidit Cicero.\" Pliny's authority is Cicero _apvd Gellium_,\n    ix. 421. See M. Huet's account of a similar experiment in _Gentleman's\n    Magazine_, vol. xxxix. p. 347.]\n\n_Monogram of Parker Society._--What is the meaning of the monogram adopted\nby the Parker Society on all their publications?\n\nTYRO.\n\n    [The monogram is \"MATTHEW PARKER,\" Archbishop of Canterbury in the\n    reign of Queen Elizabeth.]\n\n_The Five Alls._--Can any of your readers give me an interpretation of a\nsign on an inn in Oxford, which bears this inscription?\n\n    \"THE FIVE ALLS.\"\n\nI can make nothing of it.\n\nCURIOSUS.\n\nOxford.\n\n    [Captain Grose shall interpret this Query. He says, \"The Five Alls is a\n    country sign, representing five human figures, each having a motto. The\n    first is a king in his regalia, 'I govern all.' The second, a {503}\n    bishop in pontificals, 'I pray for all.' Third, a lawyer in his gown,\n    'I plead for all.' Fourth, a soldier in his regimentals, 'I fight for\n    all.' Fifth, a poor countryman with his scythe and rake, 'I _pay_ for\n    all!'\"]\n\n_Corvizer._--In a deed of the middle of the last century, I find this\naddition to the name of a person residing at Conway. The word is similarly\nemployed in a list of interments of some \"common people,\" contained in\nBrowne Willis's account of Bangor Cathedral. What does it mean, and whence\nis it derived?\n\nH. B.\n\nBangor.\n\n    [An obsolete word for a cordwainer or shoemaker. See Ash's\n    _Dictionary._]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nENGLISH COMEDIANS IN GERMANY.\n\n(Vol. ii., pp. 184. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 21.; Vol. vii., pp. 114. 360.)\n\nIn 1605 the English comedians first appeared in Prussia. In October they\nperformed before the Duchess Maria Eleonora at Koningsberg, for which they\nwere well paid; they then proceeded to Elbing, whence they were dismissed\nwith twenty thalers, since they produced scandalous things (\"weil sie\nschandbare Dinge fuergebracht\"). In 1607, they were again sent away, after\nthey had performed the preceding year at Rostock. Some time after, the\nElector of Brandenburg, Joh. Sigismund, employed a certain noble, Hans von\nStockfisch, to obtain a theatrical company from England and the\nNetherlands. A troop of nineteen comedians, under the direction of John\nSpencer, came with sixteen musicians to add lustre to the electoral feasts.\nIn 1611, they received 720 marks, as well as many hundred ells of various\nstuffs for costumes and decorations; of which great quantities were used in\n1612. Many a time was it necessary to ransom them at great cost from inns\nand lodging-houses; so that the prince, in 1613, resolved to rid himself of\nthese dear guests, and gave them a recommendation to the Elector of Saxony.\nIn 1616 we find them in Dantzic, where they gave eight representations; and\ntwo years later, the Electress of Brandenburg, through Hans von Stockfisch,\nprocured eighteen comedians, who performed at Elbing, Koningsberg, and\nother places, and were paid for their trouble (\"fuer ihre gehabte Muehe eins\nfuer alles\") 200 Polish guilders.\n\nIn 1639, English comedians are again found in Koningsberg; and, for the\nlast time, in 1650, at Vienna, where William Roe, John Waide, Gideon,\nGellius, and Robert Casse, obtained a license from Ferdinand I.\n\nIn 1620 appeared a volume of _Englische Comedien und Tragedien, &c._ (2nd\nedit., 1624), which was followed by a second; and in 1670 by a third: in\nwhich last, however, the English element is not so prominent.\n\nThese statements of Dr. Hagen are confirmed by numerous quotations from\noriginal documents, published by him in the _Neue Preuss. Provincial\nBlaetter_, Koningsb., 1850, vol. x.; vid. et _Gesch. der Deuts.\nSchauspielk._, by E. Devrient, Leipzic, 1848. Professor Hagen maintains,\nthat in the beginning of the seventeenth century, the English comedies were\nperformed in Dutch; and that, in Germany, the same persons were called\nindifferently English or Dutch comedians. They were Englishmen who had\nfound shelter under the English trading companies in the Netherlands (\"Es\nwaren Englaender die in den englischen Handelscompagnien in den Niederlanden\nein Unterkommen gefunden.\")--From the _Navorscher_.\n\nJ. M.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nA GENTLEMAN EXECUTED FOR WHIPPING A SLAVE TO DEATH.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 107.)\n\nThe occurrence noticed by W. W. is, I believe, the only instance on record\nin the West Indies of the _actual_ execution of a gentleman for the murder,\nby whipping or otherwise, of a slave. Nor is this strange. In the days of\nslavery every owner of slaves was regarded in the light of a gentleman, and\nhis \"right to do what he liked with his own\" was seldom called in question\nby judges or juries, who were themselves among the principal shareholders.\nThe case of Hodge was, however, of an aggravated character. For the trivial\noffence of stealing a mango, he had caused one of his slaves to be whipped\nto death; and this was, perhaps, the least shocking of the repeated acts of\ncruelty which he was known to have committed upon the slaves of his estate.\n\nDuring slavery each colony had its Hodge, and some had more than one. The\nmost conspicuous character of this kind in St. Lucia was _Jacques O'Neill\nde Tyrone_, a gentleman who belonged to an Irish family, originally settled\nin Martinique, and who boasted of his descent from one of the ancient kings\nof Ireland. This man had long been notorious for his cruelty to his slaves.\nAt last, on the surrender of the colony to the British in 1803, the\nattention of the authorities was awakened; a charge of murder was brought\nagainst him, and he was sentenced to death. From this sentence he appealed\nto a higher court; but such was the state of public feeling at the bare\nidea of putting a white man to death for any offence against a slave, that\nfor a long time the members of the court could not be induced to meet; and\nwhen they did meet, it was only to reverse the sentence of the court below.\nI have now before me the proceedings of both courts. {504} The sentence of\nthe inferior court, presided over by an European judge, is based upon the\nclearest evidence of O'Neill's having caused two of his slaves to be\nmurdered in his presence, and their heads cut off and stuck upon poles as a\nwarning to the others. The sentence of the Court of Appeal, presided over\nby a brother planter, and entirely composed of planters, reverses the\nsentence, without assigning any reason for its decision, beyond the mere\nallegations of the accused party. Such was criminal justice in the days of\nslavery!\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nLONGEVITY.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 358., &c.)\n\nOn looking over some volumes of the _Annual Register_, from its\ncommencement in 1758, I find instances of longevity very common, if we can\ncredit its reports. In vol. iv., for the year 1761, amongst the deaths, of\nwhich there are many between 100 and 110, the following occur:\n\n    January. \"At Philadelphia, Mr. Charles Cottrell, aged 120 years; and\n    three days after, his wife, aged 115. This couple lived together in the\n    marriage state 98 years in great union and harmony.\"\n\n    April. \"Mrs. Gillam, of Aldersgate Street, aged 113.\"\n\n    July. \"John Newell, Esq., at Michael(s)town, Ireland, aged 127,\n    grandson to old Parr, who died at the age of 152.\"\n\n    August. \"James Carlewhite, of Seatown, in Scotland, aged 111.\n\n    \"John Lyon, of Bandon, in the county of Cork, Ireland, aged 116.\"\n\nIn September there are three aged 106; one 107; one 111; one 112; and one\n114 registered. I will take three from the year 1768, viz.:\n\n    January. \"Died lately in the Isle of Sky, in Scotland, Mr. Donald\n    M^cGregor, a farmer there, in the 117th year of his age.\n\n    \"Last week, died at Burythorpe, near Malton in Yorkshire, Francis\n    Confit, aged 150 years: he was maintained by the parish above sixty\n    years, and retained his senses to the very last.\"\n\n    April. \"Near Ennis, Joan M^cDonough, aged 138 years.\"\n\nShould sufficient interest attach to this subject, and any of the\ncorrespondents of \"N. & Q.\" wish it, I will be very happy to contribute my\nmite, and make out a list of all the deaths above 120 years, or even 110,\nfrom the commencement of the _Annual Register_, but am afraid it will be\nfound rather long.\n\nJ. S. A.\n\nOld Broad Street.\n\nA few years ago there lived in New Ross, in the county of Wexford, two old\nmen. The one, a slater named Furlong, a person of very intemperate habits,\ndied an inmate of the poorhouse in his 101st year: he was able to take long\nwalks up to a very short period before his death; and I have heard that he,\nhis son, and grandson, have been all together on a roof slating at the same\ntime. The other man was a nurseryman named Hayden, who died in his 108th\nyear: his memory was very good as to events that happened in his youth, and\nhis limbs, though shrunk up considerably, served him well. He was also in\nthe frequent habit of taking long walks not long before his death.\n\nJ. W. D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nDERIVATION OF CANADA.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 380.)\n\nThe derivation given in the \"cutting from an old newspaper,\" contributed by\nMR. BREEN, seems little better than that of Dr. Douglas, who derives the\nname from a _M. Cane_, to whom he attributes the honour of being the\ndiscoverer of the St. Lawrence.\n\nIn the first place, the \"cutting\" is not correct, in so far as Gaspar\nCortereal never ascended the river, having merely entered the gulf, to\nwhich the name of St. Lawrence was afterwards given by Jacques Carter.\nNeither was the main object of the expedition the discovery of a passage\ninto the Indian Sea, but the discovery of gold; and it was the\ndisappointment of the adventurers in not finding the precious metal which\nis supposed to have caused them to exclaim \"Aca nada!\" (Nothing here).\n\nThe author of the _Conquest of Canada_, in the first chapter of that\nvaluable work, says that \"an ancient Castilian tradition existed, that the\nSpaniards visited these coasts before the French,\"--to which tradition\nprobably this supposititious derivation owes its origin.\n\nHennepin, who likewise assigns to the Spaniards priority of discovery,\nasserts that they called the land _El Capo di Nada_ (Cape Nothing) for the\nsame reason.\n\nBut the derivation given by Charlevoix, in his _Nouvelle France_, should\nset all doubt upon the point at rest; _Cannada_ signifying, in the Iroquois\nlanguage, a number of huts (_un amas de cabanes_), or a village. The name\ncame to be applied to the whole country in this manner:--The natives being\nasked what they called the first settlement at which Cartier and his\ncompanions arrived, answered, \"Cannada;\" not meaning the particular\nappellation of the place, which was Stadacona (the modern Quebec), but\nsimply a village. In like manner, they applied the same word to Hochelaga\n(Montreal) and to other places; whence the Europeans, hearing every\nlocality designated by the same term, _Cannada_, very naturally applied it\nto the entire valley of the St. Lawrence. It may not here be out of place\nto notice, that with respect to the derivation of _Quebec_, the weight of\nevidence {505} would likewise seem to be favourable to an aboriginal\nsource, as Champlain speaks of \"la pointe de Quebec, ainsi appellee des\nsauvages;\" not satisfied with which, some writers assert that the far-famed\ncity was named after Candebec, a town on the Seine; while others say that\nthe Norman navigators, on perceiving the lofty headland, exclaimed \"Quel\nbec!\" of which they believe the present name to be a corruption. Dissenting\nfrom all other authorities upon the subject, Mr. Hawkins, the editor of a\nlocal guide-book called _The Picture of Quebec_, traces the name to an\nEuropean source, which he considers to be conclusive, owing to the\nexistence of a seal bearing date 7 Henry V. (1420), and on which the Earl\nof Suffolk is styled \"Domine de Hamburg et de Quebec.\"\n\nROBERT WRIGHT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSETANTIORUM PORTUS.\n\n(Vol. vii., pp. 180. 246.)\n\nAlthough the positions assigned by Camden to the ancient names of the\nvarious estuaries on the coasts of Lancashire and Cumberland are very much\nat variance with those laid down by more modern geographers; still, with\nregard to the particular locality assigned by him to the _Setantiorum\nPortus_, he has made a suggestion which seems worthy the attention of your\nable correspondent C.\n\nHis position for _Morecambe Bay_ is a small inlet to the south of the\nentrance of _Solway Firth_, into which the rivers _Waver_ and _Wampool_\nempty themselves, and on which stands \"the abbey of _Ulme_, or _Holme\nCultraine_.\" He derives the name from the British, as signifying a \"crooked\nsea,\" which doubtless is correct; we have _Mor taweh_, the main sea;\n_Morudd_, the Red Sea; and _Mor camm_ may be supposed to indicate a bay\nmuch indented with inlets. It is needless to say that the present\n_Morecambe Bay_ answers this description far more accurately than that in\nthe Solway Firth. _Belisama AEstuarium_ he assigns to the mouth of the\nRibble, and is obliged to allot _Setantiorum Portus_ to the remaining\nestuary, now called Morecambe Bay. However, he seems not quite satisfied\nwith this last arrangement, and suggests that it would be more appropriate\nif we might read, as is found in some copies, _Setantiorum_ [Greek: limne],\ninstead of [Greek: limen], thus assigning the name of Setantii to the\ninhabitants of the _lake district_.\n\nThe old editions of Ptolemy, both Greek and Latin, are very incorrect, and,\nthere is little doubt, have suffered from alterations and interpolations at\nthe hands of ignorant persons. I have not access at present to any edition\nof his geography, either of Erasmus, Servetus, or Bertius, so I know not\nwhether any weight should be allowed to the following circumstance; in the\n_Britannia Romana_, in Gibson's _Camden_, this is almost the only _Portus_\nto be found round the coast of England. The terms there used are (with one\nmore exception) invariably _aestuarium_, or _fluvii ostium_. If this\nvariation in the old reading be accepted, the appellation as given by\nMontanus, Bertius, and others, to _Winandermere_, becomes more\nintelligible.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Stereoscopic Queries._--Can any of your readers inform me what are the\nproper angles under which stereoscopic pictures should be taken?\n\nMr. Beard, I am informed, takes his stereoscopic portraits at about 61/2 deg., or\n1 in 9; that is to say, his cameras are placed 1 inch apart for every 9\ninches the sitter is removed from them. The distance of the sitter with him\nis generally, I believe, 8 feet, which would give 10-2/3 inches for the\nextent of the separation between his cameras. More than this has the\neffect, he says, of making the pictures appear to stand out unnaturally;\nthat is to say, if the cameras were to be placed 12 inches apart (which\nwould be equal to 1 in 8), the pictures would seem to be in greater relief\nthan the objects.\n\nI find that the pictures on a French stereoscopic slide I have by me have\nbeen taken at an angle of 10 deg., or 1 in 6. This was evidently photographed\nat a considerable distance, the triumphal arch in the Place de Carousel (of\nwhich it is a representation) being reduced to about 11/4 inch in height. How\ncomes it then that the angle is here increased to 10 deg. from 61/2 deg., or to 1 in\n6 from 1 in 9.\n\nMoreover, the only work I have been able to obtain on the mode of taking\nstereoscopic pictures, lays it down that all portraits, or near objects,\nshould be taken under an angle of 15 deg., or, as it says, 1 in 5; that is, if\nthe camera is 20 feet from the sitter, the distance between its first and\nsecond position (supposing only one to be used) should not exceed 4 feet:\notherwise, adds the author, \"the stereosity will appear unnaturally great.\"\n\nWhen two cameras are employed, the instructions proceed to state that the\ndistance between them would be about 1/10th of the distance from the part\nof the object focussed. The example given is a group of portraits, and the\nangle, 1 in 10, is afterwards spoken of as being equivalent to an arc of\n10 deg.\n\nFarther on, we are told that \"the angle should be lessened as the distance\nbetween the nearest and farthest objects increase. Example: if the farthest\nobject be twice as far from the camera as the near object, the angle should\nbe 5 deg. to a central point between these two.\n\nNow, I find by calculation that the measurements and the angle here\nmentioned by no means {506} agree. For instance, an angle of 15 deg. is spoken\nof as being equivalent to the measurement 1 in 5. An angle of 10 deg. is said,\nor implied, to be the same as 1 in 10. This is far from being the fact.\nAccording to my calculations, the following are the real equivalents:--\n\n  An angle of 15 deg. is equal to 1 in 4.\n     \"       12 deg.      \"       1 in 5.\n     \"       10 deg.      \"       1 in 6.\n     \"       6-1/2 deg.   \"       1 in 9.\n     \"       6 deg.       \"       1 in 10.\n     \"       5 deg.       \"       1 in 12.\n     \"       4 deg.       \"       1 in 15.\n\nWill any of your readers oblige me by solving the above anomalies, and by\ngiving the proper angles or measurement under which objects should be taken\nwhen near, moderately distant, or far removed from the camera; stating, at\nthe same time, at how many feet from the camera an object is to be\nconsidered as near, or distant, or between the two? It would be a great\nassistance to beginners in the stereoscopic art, if some experienced\ngentleman would state the best distances and angles for taking busts,\nportraits, groups, buildings, and landscapes.\n\nIt is said that stereoscopic pictures at great distances, such as views,\nshould be taken \"with a small aperture.\" But as the exact dimensions are\nnot mentioned, it would be equally serviceable if, to the other details,\nwere added some account of the dimensions of the apertures required for the\nseveral angles.\n\nIn the directions given in the work from which I have quoted, it is said\nthat when pictures are taken with one camera placed in different positions,\nthe angle should be 15 deg.; but when taken with two cameras, the angle should\nbe 10 deg. Is this right? And, if so, why the difference?\n\nIn the account given by you of Mr. Wilkinson's ingenious mode of levelling\nthe cameras for stereoscopic pictures, it is said the plumb-line should be\nthree feet long, and that the diagonal lines drawn on the ground glass\nshould be made to cut the principal object focussed on the glass; and \"when\nyou have moved it, the camera, 8 _or_ 10 feet, make it cut the same object\nagain.\" At what distance is the object presumed to be?\n\nAny information upon the above matters will be a great service, and\nconsequently no slight favour conferred upon your constant reader since the\nphotographic correspondence has been commenced.\n\n[phi].\n\n_Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c._--Such experience as I have had\nboth in drawing portraits and taking photographs, impels me to hint to the\nauthorities of Scotland Yard that they will by no means find taking the\nportraits of gentlemen that are \"wanted\" infallible, and I anticipate some\nunpleasant mistakes will ere long arise. I have observed that inability to\nrecognize a portrait is as frequent in the case of photographs as on\ncanvass, or in any other way. I defy the whole world of artists to reduce\nthe why and wherefore into a reasonable shape; one will declare that\n\"either\" looks as if the individual was going to cry; the next critic will\nsay he sees nothing but a pleasant smile. \"I should never have known who it\nis if you hadn't told me,\" says a third; the next says \"it's his eyes, but\nnot his nose;\" and perhaps the next will say, \"it's his nose, but not his\neyes.\"\n\nI was present not long since at the showing a portrait, which I think about\nthe climax of doubt. \"Not a bit like,\" was the first exclamation. The poor\nartist sank into his chair; after, however, a brief contemplation, \"It's\nvery like, _in-deed_; it's excellent:\" this was said by a gentleman of the\nhighest attainments, and one of the best poets of the day.\n\nSome persons (I beg pardon of the ladies) take the habiliments as the\nstandard of recognition. I do not accuse them of doing it wilfully; they do\nnot know it themselves. For example, Miss Smith will know Miss Jones a mile\nor so off. By her general air, or her face? Oh no! It's by the bonnet she\nhelped her to choose at Madame What-d'ye-call's, because the colour suited\nhe complexion.\n\nThese are some of the mortifications attendant on artistic labour, and if\nthey occur with the educated classes, they are more likely to happen even\nto \"intelligent policemen,\" as the newspaper have it. If I dissent from the\nplan it is because I doubt its efficiency, but do not deny that it is worth\na trial. If the French like to carry their portraits about with them on\ntheir passports to show to policemen, let them submit to the humiliation. I\ndoubt very much whether the Chamber of Deputies would have made a law of\nit: it appears a new idea in jurisprudence that a man _must_ sit for his\npicture. Any one, however, understanding the camera, would be alive before\nthe removal of the cup of the lens, and be ready with a wry face; I do not\nsuppose he could be imprisoned for _that_.\n\nBoth plans are miserable travesties on the lovely uses of portrait painting\nand photography. Side by side with Cowper's passionate address to his\nmother's picture, how does it look?\n\n \"Oh, that those lips had language! Life has pass'd\n  With me but roughly since I saw thee last.\"\n\nAnd,\n\n \"Blest be the art that can immortalise.\"\n\nIf photography has an advantage over canvas, it does indeed immortalise\n(the painting may imitate, and the portrait may be good; but there is\nsomething more profoundly affecting in having the actual, the real shade of\na friend perhaps long {507} since in his grave); and we ought not only to\nbe grateful to the illustrious inventors of the art, but prevent these base\nuses being made of it.\n\nIn short, apart from the uncertainty of recognition, which I have not in\nthe least caricatured, if Giles Scroggins, housebreaker and coiner, and all\nthe swell mob, are to be photographed, it will bring the art into disgrace,\nand people's friends will inquire delicately where it was done, when they\nshow their lively effigies. It may also mislead by a sharp rogue's\nadroitness; and I question very much its legality.\n\nWELD TAYLOR.\n\n_Photography applied to Catalogues of Books._--May not photography be\nusefully applied to the making of catalogues of large libraries? It would\nseem no difficult matter to obtain any number of photographs, of any\nrequired size, of the title-page of any book. Suppose the plan adopted,\nthat five photographs of each were taken; they may be arranged in five\ncatalogues, as follows:--Era, subject, country, author, title. These being\narranged alphabetically, would form five catalogues of a library probably\nsufficient to meet the wants of all. Any number of additional divisions may\nbe added. By adopting a fixed breadth--say three inches--for the\nphotographs, to be pasted in double columns in folio, interchanges may take\nplace of those unerring slips, and thus librarians aid each other. I throw\nout this crude idea, in the hope that photographers and librarians may\ncombine to carry it out.\n\nALBERT BLOR, LL.D.\n\nDublin.\n\n_Application of Photography to the Microscope._--May I request the\nre-insertion of the photographic Query of R. J. F. in Vol. vi., p. 612., as\nI cannot find that it has received an answer, viz., What extra apparatus is\nrequired to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain photographic\nmicroscopic pictures?\n\nJ.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Discovery at Nuneham Regis_ (Vol. vi., p. 558.).--May the decapitated\nbody, found in juxta-position with other members of the Chichester family,\nnot be that of Sir John Chichester the Younger, mentioned in Burke's\n_Peerage and Baronetage_, under the head \"Chichester, Sir Arthur, of\nRaleigh, co. Devon,\" as being that fourth son of Sir John Chichester, Knt.,\nM.P. for the co. Devon, who was Governor of Carrickfergus, and lost his\nlife \"by decapitation,\" after falling into the hands of James Macsorley\nMacdonnel, Earl of Antrim?\n\nThe removal of the body from Ireland to the resting-place of other members\nof the family would not be a very improbable event, and quite consistent\nwith the natural affection of relatives, under such mournful circumstances.\n\nJ. H. T.\n\n_Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas_ (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416.).--Permit me to\nacquaint your correspondent that among the many singular and curious books\nwhich formed the library of that talented antiquary the late Charles\nKirkpatrick Sharp, and which were sold here by auction some time ago, there\nwas a small 12mo. volume containing _French translations_, with rude\nwoodcuts, of--\n\n    1. \"La Vie joyeuse et recreative de Tiel-Ullespiegle, de ses Faits\n    merveilleux et Fortunes qu'il a eues; lequel par aucune Ruse ne se\n    laissa pas tromper. A Troyes, chez Garner, 1838.\"\n\n    2. \"Histoire de Richard Sans Peur, Duc de Normandie, Fils de Robert le\n    Diable, &c. A Troyes, chez Oudot, 1745.\"\n\nT. G. S.\n\nEdinburgh.\n\n_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. 369. 438.).--\n\n    \"In the year 1635, upon the request of the Rev. Anthony Tuckney, Vicar\n    of Boston, it was ordained by the Archbishop of Canterbury (Laud), then\n    on his metropolitical visitation at Boston, 'that the roome over the\n    porch of the saide churche shall be repaired and decently fitted up to\n    make a librarye, to the end that, in case any well and charitably\n    disposed person shall hereafter bestow any books to the use of the\n    parish, they may be there safely preserved and kept.'\"\n\nThis library at present contains several hundred volumes of ancient\n(patristic, scholastic, and post-Reformation) divinity.\n\nI hope to be able ere long to make a correct catalogue of the books at\npresent remaining, and at the same time make an attempt to restore them to\nthat decent \"keeping\" in which the great and good archbishop desired they\nmight remain.\n\nQuery: In making preparations for the catalogue, I have been informed by a\ngentleman that he remembers two or more _cart loads_ of books from this\nlibrary being sold by the churchwardens, and, as he believes, by the then\narchdeacon's orders, at waste paper price; that the bulk of them was\npurchased by a bookseller then resident in Boston, and re-sold by him to a\nclergyman in the neighbourhood of Silsby.\n\n1. What was the date of the sale?\n\n2. The name of the _Venerable_ Archdeacon who perpetrated this robbery?\n\n3. Whether there are any legal means for recovering the missing works?\n\nMy extracts are from Thompson's _History of Boston_, a correspondent of\nyours, a new edition of whose laborious work is about to appear.\n\nTHOMAS COLLIS.\n\nBoston.\n\n_Painter--Derrick_ (Vol. vii., pp. 178. 391.).--I cannot agree with\nJ. S. C. that _painter_ is a corruption of _punter_, from the Saxon _punt_,\na boat. {508} According to the construction and analogy of our language, a\n_punter_ or _boater_ would be the person who worked or managed the boat. I\nconsider that _painter_--like _halter_ and _tether_, derived from Gothic\nwords signifying to _hold_ and to _tie_--is a corruption of _bynder_, from\nthe Saxon _bynd_, to bind. If the Anglo-Norman word _panter_, a snare for\ncatching and holding birds, be a corruption of _bynder_, we are brought to\nthe word at once. Or, indeed, we may go no farther back than _panter_.\n\nJ. C. G. says that _derrick_ is an ancient British word: perhaps he will be\nkind enough to let us know its signification. I always understood that a\n_derrick_ took its name from _Derrick_, the notorious executioner at\nTyburn, in the early part of the seventeenth century, whose name was long a\ngeneral term for hangman. In merchant ships, the _derrick_, for hoisting up\ngoods, is always placed at the hatchway, close by the _gallows_. The\n_derrick_, however, is not a nautical appliance alone; it has been long\nused to raise stones at buildings; but the crane, and that excellent\ninvention the handy-paddy, has now almost put it out of employment. What\nwill philologists, two or three centuries hence, make out of the word\n_handy-paddy_, which is universally used by workmen to designate the\npowerful winch, traversing on temporary rails, employed to raise heavy\nweights at large buildings. For the benefit of posterity, I may say that it\nis very _handy_ for the masons, and almost invariably worked by Irishmen.\n\nAs a collateral evidence to my opinion, that _painter_ is derived from the\nSaxon _bynder_, through the Anglo-Norman _panter_, and that _derrick_ is\nfrom _Derrick_ the hangman, I may add that these words are unknown in the\nnautical technology of any other language.\n\nW. PINKERTON.\n\nHam.\n\n_Pepys's \"Morena\"_ (Vol. vii., p. 118.).--MR. WARDEN may like to be\ninformed that his conjecture about the meaning of this word is fully\nconfirmed by the following passage in the _Diary_, 6th October, 1661, which\nhas hitherto unaccountably escaped observation:\n\n    \"There was also my _pretty black girl_, Mrs. Dekins and Mrs. Margaret\n    Pen this day come to church.\"\n\nBRAYBROOKE.\n\n_Pylades and Corinna_ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--If your correspondent's\nquestion have reference to the two volumes in octavo published under this\ntitle in 1731, assuredly Defoe had nothing to do with them, as must be\nevident to any one on the most cursory glance. The volumes contain memoirs\nof Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, on whom Dryden conferred the poetical title of\nCorinna, and the letters which passed between her and Richard Gwinnett, her\nintended husband. A biography of this lady, neither whose life nor poetry\nwere of the best, may be found in Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._, vol. xxix. p.\n281., and a farther one in Cibber's _Lives_, vol. iv. The _Dunciad_, and\nher part in the publication of Pope's early correspondence, have given her\nan unhappy notoriety. I must say, however, that, notwithstanding his\nprovocation, I cannot but think that he treated this poor woman\nungenerously.\n\nJAMES CROSSLEY.\n\n_Judge Smith_ (Vol. vii., p. 463.).--I must confess my ignorance of any\nJudge Smith flourishing in the reign of Elizabeth. I know of only three\njudges of that name.\n\n1. John Smith, a Baron of the Exchequer during the last seven years of the\nreign of Henry VIII. From him descended the Lords Carrington of Wotton\nWaven, in Warwickshire, a title which became extinct in 1705.\n\n2. John Smith, who was also a Baron of the Exchequer in the reign of Anne.\nHe became Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Scotland in 1708, and died in\n1726. He endowed a hospital for poor widows at Frolesworth in\nLeicestershire.\n\n3. Sidney Stafford Smythe, likewise a Baron of the Exchequer under George\nII. and III., and Chief Baron in the latter reign. He was of the same\nfamily as that of the present Viscount Strangford.\n\nIf Z. E. R. would be good enough to send a copy of the inscription on the\nmonument in Chesterfield Church, and give some particulars of the family\nseated at Winston Hall, the difficulty will probably be removed.\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\n_Grindle_ (Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307. 384.).--As one at least of the readers\nof \"N. & Q.\" living near _Grindle_ (Greendale is modern), allow me to say\nthat from the little I know of the places, they appear to me \"to possess no\ntraces of those natural features which would justify the demoniacal\nderivation proposed by I. E.\" However, as my judgment may be of little\nworth, if \"I. E. of Oxford\" should ever migrate into these parts, and will\nfavour me with a call, with credentials of being the veritable I. E. of \"N.\n& Q.,\" I shall have much pleasure in assisting him to examine for himself\nall the local knowledge which a short walk to the spots may enable him to\nacquire.\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nRectory, Clyst St. George.\n\n_Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle_ (Vol. vi., pp. 127. 207. 280.\n368. 566.).--Dr. Arnold, with more religion than science, thus employs this\nsimile:\n\n    \"Men get embarrassed by the common cases of misguided conscience; but a\n    compass may be out of order as well as a conscience, and the needle may\n    point due south if you hold a powerful magnet in that direction. Still\n    the compass, generally speaking, is a true and sure guide, and so is\n    the conscience; and you {509} can trace the deranging influence on the\n    latter quite as surely as on the former.\"--_Life and Correspondence_,\n    2nd ed. p. 390.\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_English Bishops deprived by Queen Elizabeth, 1559_ (Vol. vii., p.\n260.).--I have endeavoured to procure some information for A. S. A. on\nthose points which MR. DREDGE left unnoticed, but find that, after his\ndiligent search, very little indeed is to be gleaned. _Bishop Payne_ died\nin January, 1559/60 (Strype's _Annals_, anno 1559). Dod, in vol. i. p. 507.\nof his _Church History_, mentions a letter of _Bishop Goldwell's_, or, as\nhe calls him, _Godwell's_, to Dr. Allen, dated anno 1581:\n\n    \"This letter,\" he says, \"seems to be written not long before Bishop\n    Godwell's death, for I meet with no farther mention of him. Here the\n    reader may take notice of a mistake in Dr. Heylin, who tells us he died\n    prisoner in Wisbich Castle, which is to be understood of Bishop\n    Watson.\"\n\nOf _Bishop Pate_ he says:\n\n    \"He was alive in 1562, but how long after I do not find.\"--Vol. i. p.\n    488.\n\n_Bishop Pole_, according to the same authority, died a prisoner at large\nabout the latter end of May, 1568. _Bishop Frampton_ died May 25, 1708\n(Calamy's _Own Times_, vol. ii. p. 119.). I cannot ascertain the day of\n_Bishop White's_ death, but he was buried, according to Evelyn (vol. iii.\np. 364.), June 5, 1698.\n\nTYRO.\n\nDublin.\n\n_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. vii., p. 203.).--The thought which ERICA shows\nhas been used by Butler and Macaulay is a grain from an often-pillaged\ngranary; a tag of yarn from a piece of cloth used ever since its make for\ndarning and patching; a drop of honey from a hive round which robber-bees\nand predatory wasps have never ceased to wander,--the _Anatomy of\nMelancholy_:\n\n    \"Though there were giants of old in physic and philosophy, yet I say\n    with Didacus Stella[2], 'a dwarf standing on the shoulders of a giant\n    may see farther than a giant himself.' I may likely add, alter, and see\n    farther than my predecessors; and it is no greater prejudice for me to\n    indite after others, than for AElianus Montaltus, that famous physician,\n    to write _De Morbis Capitis_, after Jason Pratensis,\" &c.\n\nThe pagination (that of Tegg's edition, 1849) will not guide those who with\nElia sicken at the profanity of \"unearthing the bones of that fantastic old\ngreat man,\" and know not a \"sight more heartless\" than the reprint of his\n_Opus_.\n\nSIGMA.\n\nSunderland.\n\n[Footnote 2: In _Luc._ 10. tom. ii.: \"Pigmi gigantum humeris impositi\nplusquam ipsi gigantes vident.\"--_Preface_, p. 8.]\n\n_Dr. South_ v. _Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 575. Vol. vii.,\np. 311.).--One authority has been overlooked by MR. BREEN, which seems as\nlikely as any to have given currency to the saying, viz. Dean Swift. In\n_Gulliver's Travels_ (1727), Voyage to the Houyhnhnms, the hero gives the\nking some information respecting British ministers of state, which I\napprehend in Swift's day was no exaggeration. The minister, Gulliver says,\n\"applies his words to all uses except to the indication of his mind.\" It\nmust be confessed, however, that this authority is some seven years after\nDr. South.\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_Foucault's Experiment_ (Vol. vii., p. 330.).--The reality of the rotation,\nand the cause assigned to it by Foucault in his experiment, is now admitted\nwithout question by scientific men. But in measuring the amount of the\nmotion of the pendulum, so many disturbing causes were found to be at work,\nthat the numerical results have not been obtained as yet with exactness.\nThe best account is, perhaps, the original one in the _Comptes Rendus_. Mr.\nFoucault has lately invented an instrument founded on a similar principle,\nto find the latitude of a place.\n\nELSNO.\n\n_Passage in \"Locksley Hall\"_ (Vol. vi., p. 272.; Vol. vii., pp. 25.\n146.).--Of these three commentators neither appears to me to have hit\nTennyson's meaning, though CORYLUS has made the nearest shot. I ought to\nset out by confessing that it was not originally clear to myself, but that\nI could not for a monument doubt, when the following explanation was\nsuggested to me by a friend. The \"curlews\" themselves are the \"dreary\ngleams:\" the words are what the Latin Grammar calls \"duo substantiva\nejusdem rei.\" I take the meaning, in plain prose to be this: \"The curlews\nare uttering their peculiar cry, as they fly over Locksley Hall, looking\nlike (to me, the spectator) dreary gleams crossing the moorland.\"\n\nI could supply A. A. D. with several examples _in English_, from my\ncommonplace-book, of the \"bold figure of speech not uncommon in the vivid\nlanguage of Greece;\" and among the rest, one from Tennyson himself, to wit:\n\n \"Now, scarce three paces measured from the mound,\n  We stumbled on a stationary _voice_,\" &c.\n\nBut I doubt whether the poet had those passages in his thought, when he\npenned the opening of his noble poem \"Locksley Hall.\" Of course I do not\n_know_, any more than A. A. D., and the rest; and I suppose we shall none\nof us get any enlightenment \"by authority.\"\n\nHARRY LEROY TEMPLE.\n\n_Lake of Geneva_ (Vol. vii. p. 406.).--The account given in the _Chronicle\nof Marius_ of what is called \"an earthquake or landslip in the valley of\nthe {510} Upper Rhone,\" is evidently that of a sudden _debacle_ destructive\nof life and property, but not such as to effect any permanent change in the\nconfiguration of the country. That an antiquary like Montfaucon should have\nfallen into the blunder of supposing that the Lacus Lemanus was then\nformed, may well excite surprise. The breadth of the new-formed lake, as\ngiven by Marius, is impossible, as the mountains in the valley are scarcely\nanywhere more than a mile apart. The valley of the Upper Rhone is liable to\nsuch _debacles_, and one which would fill it might be called a lake,\nalthough of short duration. Having witnessed the effects of the _debacle_\nof 1818 a few weeks after it happened, I can easily understand how such a\none as that described by Marius should have produced the effects attributed\nto it, and yet have left no traces of its action after the lapse of\ncenturies.\n\nJ. S.\n\nAthenaeum.\n\n_\"Inter cuncta micans,\" &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 413.).--In a small work, _Lives\nof Eminent Saxons_, part i. p. 104., the above lines are ascribed to\nAldhelm, and a translation by Mr. Boyd is subjoined.\n\nTo Aldhelm also are attributed the lines so often alluded to in \"N. & Q.,\"\n\"Roma tibi subito,\" &c.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_\"Its\"_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.; Vol. vii., p. 160.).--As the proposer of the\nquestion on this word, so kindly replied to by MR. KEIGHTLEY, may I give\ntwo instances of its use from the Old Version of the Psalms?\n\n    \"Which in due season bringeth forth _its_ fruit abundantly.\"--Ps. i. 3.\n\n    \"Thou didst prepare first a place, and set _its_ roots so fast.\"--Ps.\n    lxxx. 10.\n\nThe American _Bibliotheca Sacra_ for October 1851, p. 735., says (speaking\nof the time when the authorised version of the Scriptures was executed),\n\"the genitive _its_ was not then in use;\" which is disproved by the\nquotations already given.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--The custom of \"hanging out the\nglove at fair time,\" as described by E. G. R., is, in all probability, of\nChester origin. The annals of that city show that its two great annual\nfairs were established, or rather confirmed, by a charter of Hugh Lupus,\nthe first Norman Earl of Chester, who granted to the abbot and convent of\nSt. Werburgh (now the cathedral) \"the extraordinary privilege, that no\ncriminals resorting to their fairs at Chester should be arrested for any\ncrime whatever, except such as they might have committed during their stay\nin the city.\" For several centuries, Chester was famous for the manufacture\nof gloves; and in token thereof, it was the custom for some days before,\nand during the continuance of the fair, to hang out from the town-hall,\nthen situate at the High Cross, their local emblem of commerce--a _glove_:\nthereby proclaiming that non-freemen and strangers were permitted to trade\nwithin the city, a privilege at all other times enjoyed by the citizens\nonly. During this period of temporary \"free trade,\" debtors were safe from\nthe tender mercies of their creditors, and free from the visits of the\nsheriff's officer and his satellites. On the removal of the town-hall to\nanother part of the city, the leathern symbol of \"unrestricted competition\"\nwas suspended, at the appointed season, from the roof of St. Peter's\nChurch; until that reckless foe to antiquity, the Reform Bill, aimed a\nheavy blow at all our prescriptive rights and privileges, and decreed that\nthe stranger should be henceforth on a footing with the freeborn citizen.\nNotwithstanding this, the authorities of the city still continued to \"hang\nout their banner on the outward walls;\" and it is only within the last ten\nyears that the time-honoured custom has ceased to exist.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\n_Astronomical Query_ (Vol. vii., p.84.).--Your fair correspondent LEONORA\nmakes a mistake in reference to the position, in regard to the zodiac, of\nthe newly-discovered planets. It is indeed not at all surprising that these\nbodies were not discovered before, for this reason--they _do not move\nwithin the circle of the zodiac_: they lie far beyond it, so much so, that\nto include them the zodiac must be expanded to at least five times its\npresent breadth. Hence they lie out of the path of ordinary observation,\nand their discovery is usually the result of keen telescopic examination of\ndistant parts of the heavens. LEONORA is of course aware, that, with the\nexception of Neptune (the discovery of which is a peculiar case), all the\nrecently discovered planets belong to the cluster of asteroids which move\nbetween Mars and Jupiter. These are all invisible to the eye with the\nexception of Vesta, and she is not to be distinguished by any but an\nexperienced star-gazer, and under most favourable circumstances; their\nminuteness, their _extra_-zodiacal position, and the outrageous orbits\nwhich they describe, all conspire to keep them out of human ken until they\nare detected by the telescope, and ascertained to be planets either by\ntheir optical appearances, or by a course of watching and comparison of\ntheir positions with catalogues of the fixed stars.\n\nSHIRLEY HIBBERD.\n\n_Tortoiseshell Tom Cat_ (Vol. v., p. 465.; Vol. vii., p. 271.).--See Hone's\n_Year Book_, p. 728.\n\nZEUS.\n\n_Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender_ (Vol. vii., p.\n270.).--This is given as one of the prize epigrams in the _Gentleman's\nMagazine_ for 1735, vol. v. p. 157.\n\nZEUS. {511}\n\n_Wandering Jew_ (Vol. vii., p. 261.).--Your correspondent will find an\naccount of the Wandering Jew prefixed to \"Le Juif errant,\" the 3ieme\nlivraison of _Chants et Chansons Populaires de la France_.\n\nTHOS. LAWRENCE.\n\nAshby-de-la-Zouch.\n\nThe earliest account of this legend is in Roger of Wendover, under the year\n1228: _De Joseph, qui ultimum Christi adventum adhuc vivus exspectat_, vol.\niv. p. 176. of the Historical Society's edition, vol. ii. p. 512. of Bohn's\nTranslation: see also Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, vol iii. p. 360.,\nBohn's edition.\n\nZEUS.\n\n_Hallett and Dr. Saxby_ (Vol. vii., p. 41.).--I know nothing of the\nparties, but have the book about which S. R. inquires. The title is not\naccurately given in the _Literary Journal_. Instead of \"An Ode to Virtue,\"\nby Dr. Morris Saxby, it is _An Ode on Virtue by a Young Author, dedicated\nto Dr. William Saxby; with a Preface and Notes, Critical and Explanatory,\nby a Friend_--\"Mens sibi conscia recti\"--A good intention. Printed anno\nDomini MDCCXCI, pp. 16.\n\nA more stupid production could not easily be found; but, as it must be\nscarce, if the story about the destruction of all but eight copies is true,\nI transcribe a part of the dedication:\n\n    \"Most August Doctor,\n\n    \"The reputation you have acquired by professional merit, with the\n    respect which is universally shown to you on account of your practical\n    observance of moral philosophy, has induced me to select you as a\n    protector of the following work; which being evidently intended to\n    promote a cause for which you was always a zealous advocate, I have\n    nourished the most flattering hopes that you will be rather pleased\n    than offended by this unwarrantable presumption.\n\n    \"It is necessary I should deviate from the general rule of celebrating\n    a patron's virtues in a high strain of panegyric, being sensible how\n    generally yours are known, and how justly admired.\"--P. 3.\n\nThe ode contains only ten lines:\n\n \"Virtue, a mere chimera amongst the fair,\n  Is now quite vanquished into air;\n  Formerly it was thought a thing of worth,\n  But now who thinks of such poor stuff.\n  It's only put on to deceive,\n  That us poor mortals on them may crave;\n  Fall down and swear their beauty far\n  Surpasses what are ever saw!\n  Then they who think all's true that's said,\" &c.\n\nI omit the final line as unseemly.\n\nDr. Saxby is mentioned only on the title-page, and that part of the\ndedication which I have copied. He must have been a sensitive man to have\nfelt such an attack, and a prompt one to settle his account with the author\nso quickly. As it is obvious that the ode was published solely to annoy\nhim, we may be allowed to hope that in the \"severe personal chastisement\"\nhe was not sparing of whipcord. The absence of place of publication and\nprinter's name render inquiry difficult; and there is no indication as to\nwhether Dr. Saxby was of Divinity, Law, or Physic.\n\nH. B. C.\n\nU. U. Club.\n\n_\"My mind to me a kingdom is\"_ (Vol. i., pp. 302. 489.; Vol. vi., pp. 555.\n615.).--The idea is Shakspeare's (Third Part of _Hen. VI._):\n\n \"_Keeper._ Ay, but thou talk'st as if thou wert a king.\n  _K. Henry._ Why, so I am in mind; and that's enough.\"\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_Claret_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--The word claret seems to me to be the same\nas the French word _clairet_, both adjective and substantive; as a\nsubstantive it means a low and cheap sort of _claret_, sold in France, and\ndrawn from the barrel like beer in England; as an adjective it is a\ndiminutive of _clair_, and implies that the wine is transparent.\n\nJOHN LAMMENS.\n\nManchester.\n\n_Suicide at Marseilles_ (Vol. vii., pp. 180. 316.).--The original authority\nfor the custom at Marseilles, of keeping poison at the public expense for\nthe accommodation of all who could give the senate satisfactory reasons for\ncommitting suicide, is Valerius Maximus, lib. ii. cap. vi. Sec. 7.\n\nZEUS.\n\n_Etymology of Slang_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).--\n\n    \"SLANGS are the greaves with which the legs of convicts are fettered,\n    having acquired that name from the manner in which they were worn, as\n    they required a sling of string to keep them off the ground.... The\n    irons were the _slangs_; and the slang-wearer's language was of course\n    slangous, as partaking much if not wholly of the\n    _slang_.\"--_Sportsman's Slang, a New Dictionary and Varieties of Life_,\n    by John Bee: Preface, p. 5.\n\nZEUS.\n\n_Scanderbeg's Sword_ (Vol. vii., pp. 35. 143.).--The proverb, \"Scanderbeg's\nsword must have Scanderbeg's arm,\" is founded on the following story:\n\n    \"George Castriot, Prince of Albania, one of the strongest and\n    valiantest men that lived these two hundred yeares, had a cimeter,\n    which Mahomet the Turkish Emperor, his mortall enemy, desired to see.\n    Castriot (surnamed of the Turks, Ischenderbeg, that is, Great\n    Alexander, because of his valiantnesse), having received a pledge for\n    the restitution of his cimeter, sent it so far as Constantinople to\n    Mahomet, in whose court there was not any man found that could with any\n    ease wield that piece of steele: so that Mahomet sending it back\n    againe, enioyned the messenger to tell the prince, that in this action\n    he kind proceeded enemy-like, and with a fraudulent mind, sending a\n    counterfeit cimeter {512} to make his enemie afraid. Ischenderbeg writ\n    back to him, that he had simply without fraud or guile sent him his\n    owne cimeter, with the which he used to helpe himselfe couragiously in\n    the wars; but that he had not sent him the hand and the arme which with\n    the cimeter cleft the Turkes in two, struck off their heads, shoulders,\n    legs, and other parts, yea, sliced them of by the wast; and that verie\n    shortly he would show him a fresh proofe thereof; which afterwards he\n    performed.\"--_Historical Meditations from the Latin of P. Camerarius_,\n    by John Molle, Esquire, 1621, book iv. Cap. xvi. p. 299.\n\nThe following, relating to the arm and sword of Scanderbeg, may perhaps not\ninappropriately be added, although not connected with the proverb:\n\n    \"Marinus Barletius (lib. i.) reports of Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus\n    (that most terrible enemy of the Turks), that, from his mother's womb,\n    he brought with him into the world a notable mark of warlike glory: for\n    he had upon his right arm a sword, so well set on, as if it had been\n    drawn with the pencil of the most curious and skilful painter in the\n    world.\"--Wanley's _Wonders of the Little World_, 1678, book i. cap.\n    vii.\n\nZEUS.\n\n_Arago on the Weather_ (Vol. vii., p. 40.).--ELSNO will find extracts from\nArago's papers in the _Pictorial Almanack_, 1847, p. 30., and in the _Civil\nEngineer and Architects' Journal_, which volume I cannot say, but I think\nthat for 1847. Also in the _Monthly Chronicle_, vol. i. p. 60., and vol.\nii. p. 209.; the annals of the _Bureau des Longitudes_ for 1834 and the\n_Annuaire_ for 1833.\n\nSHIRLEY HIBBERD.\n\n_Rathe_ (Vol. vii., p. 392.).--MR. CROSSLEY is, I believe, mistaken in his\nderivation of the word _rathe_ from the Celtic _raithe_, signifying\ninclination, although _rather_ seems indisputably to belong to it. _Rathe_\nis, I believe, identical with the Saxon adjective _raetha_, signifying\nearly. Chaucer's--\n\n    \"What aileth you so _rathe_ for to arise,\"\n\nhas been already quoted as bearing this meaning. Milton, in Lycidas, has--\n\n    \"Bring the _rathe_ primrose that forsaken dies.\"\n\nIn a pastoral, called a \"Palinode,\" by E. B., probably Edmond Bolton, in\nEngland's _Helicon_, edit. 1614, occurs:\n\n    \"And make the _rathe_ and timely primrose grow.\"\n\nAnd we have \"_rathe_ and late,\" in a pastoral in Davidson's _Poems_, 4th\nedit., London, 1621.\n\n_Rathe_ is a word still in use in the Weald of Sussex, where Saxon still\nlingers in the dialect of the common people; and a _rathe_, instead of an\nearly spring, is spoken of; and a species of early apple is known as the\n_Rathe_-ripe.\n\nANON.\n\n_Carr Pedigree_ (Vol. vii., p. 408.).--The pedigree description of Lady\nCarr is \"Gresil, daughter of Sir Robert Meredyth, Knt., Chancellor of the\nExchequer in Ireland.\" Sir George Carr died Feb. 13, 1662-3, and was buried\nin Dublin. His sons were 1, Thomas, and 2, William; and a daughter Mary,\nwho married 1st, Dr. Thomas Margetson (son to the Archbishop of Armagh);\nand 2ndly, Dr. Michael Ward. The pedigree is continued through Thomas the\neldest son, who was the father of the Bishop of Killaloe. It does not\nappear that William left any issue. His wife's name was Elizabeth, daughter\nof Edward Sing, D.D., Lord Bishop of Cork.\n\nW. ST.\n\n_Banbury Cakes_ (Vol. vii., p. 106.).--In _A Treatise of Melancholy_, by T.\nBright, doctor of physic, and published in 1586, I find the following:\n\n    \"Sodden wheat is of a grosse and melancholicke nourishment, and bread\n    especially of the fine flower unleavened: of this sort are bag-puddings\n    or pan-puddings made with flour, frittars, pancakes, such as we call\n    _Banberie cakes_, and those great ones confected with butter, eggs,\n    &c., used at weddings; and howsoever it be prepared, rye and bread made\n    thereof carrieth with it plentie of melancholie.\"\n\nH. A. B.\n\n_Detached Belfry Towers_ (Vol. vii., pp. 333. 416. 465.).--To your already\nextensive list of church towers separate from the church, Launceston\nChurch, Cornwall, and St. John's Church, Chester, may not unfittingly be\nadded.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\nElstow, Bedfordshire, is an instance of a bell tower separated from the\nbody of the church.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_Dates on Tombstones_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).--A correspondent asks for\ninstances of dates on tombstones prior to 1601. I cannot give any, but I\ncan refer to some slabs lying upon the ground in a churchyard near Oundle\n(Tausor if I remember aright), on which appear in relief recumbent figures\nwith the hands upon the breast, crossed, or in the attitude of prayer.\nThese are of a much earlier date, and I should be much pleased to know if\nmany or any such instances elsewhere occur.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_Subterranean Bells_ (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 328.).--Bells under ground and\nunder water, so often referred to, remind me of the Oundle Drumming Well,\nwhich I remember seeing when a child. There is a legend connected with it\nwhich I heard, but cannot accurately recollect. The well itself is referred\nto in Brand, vol. ii. p. 369. (Bohn's ed.), but the legend is not given.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_Mistletoe in Ireland_ (Vol. ii., p. 270.).--I have just received, in full\nblossom, a very fine spray from a luxuriant plant of this parasite growing\non an apple tree in the gardens of Farmley, the seat of William Lloyd\nFlood, Esq., in the county of Kilkenny. This plant of mistletoe has existed\nat {513} Farmley beyond the memory of the present generation; but Mr.\nFlood's impression, communicated to me, is, that it was artificially\nproduced from seed by some former gardener. If natural, which _may_ be the\ncase, this instance of its occurrence in Ireland is, I believe, unique.\n\nJAMES GRAVES.\n\nKilkenny.\n\n_Stars and Flowers_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.; Vol. vii., p. 151. 341.).--Passages\nillustrative of this similitude have been quoted from Cowley, Longfellow,\nHood, and Moir. The metaphor is also made use of by Darwin, in his _Loves\nof the Plants_:\n\n \"Roll on, ye stars! exult in youthful prime,\n  Mark with bright curves the printless steps of time;\n  _Flowers of the sky!_ ye, too, to age must yield,\n  Frail as your silken sisters of the field.\"\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n_The Painting by Fuseli_ (Vol. vii., p. 453.).--The picture by the late\nHenry Fuseli, R.A., inquired after by MR. SANSOM, is in the collection at\nSir John Soane's Museum; it was purchased by him in 1802.\n\nIt was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1780, and is thus entered in the\nCatalogue of that year:\n\n    \"No. 77. Ezzelin Bracciaferro musing over Meduna, destroyed by him, for\n    disloyalty, during his absence in the Holy Land. _Fuseli._\"\n\nThere is an engraving of the picture in _Essays on Physiognomy_, by J. C.\nLavater, translated from the French by Henry Hunter, D.D., 4to.: London,\n1789. The _second_ volume, p. 294.\n\nThe inscription under that engraving, by Holloway, is as follows:\n\n    \"Ezzelin, Count of Ravenna, surnamed Bracciaferro or Iron Arm, musing\n    over the body of Meduna; slain by him, for infidelity, during his\n    absence in the Holy Land.\"\n\nGEORGE BAILEY.\n\nThe subject of your correspondent J. SANSOM'S inquiry is in the Soane\nMuseum, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Search among the Italian story-tellers will\nnot discover the origin of the picture of Count Ezzelin's remorse: it\nsprung from that fertile source of fearful images--Henry Fuseli's brain.\nThe work might well have been left without a name, but for the requirements\nof the Royal Academy Catalogue, and, it must be added, Fuseli's desire to\nmystify the Italian as well as the other scholars of his day.\n\nFor confirmation of the correctness of these statements, I refer your\ncorrespondent to the _Life of Fuseli_ by Knowles, and to that by Cunningham\nin the _Lives of the British Painters_.\n\nR. F., Jun.\n\n_\"Navita Erythraeum\"_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.).--Since I requested a reference\nto these lines, I have possessed myself of a very elaborate Latin work on\n_Bells_, in two vols. 8vo., published at Rome, 1822, by Alexander\nLazzarinus, _De Vario Tintinnabulorum usu apud veteres Hebraeos et\nEthnicos_: wherein, in a section on the effect of the sound of bells on\ndifferent animals, he quotes those very lines from \"Cornelius Kilianus\nDufflaeus in suis poematibus.\"\n\nI shall now be thankful to be told something about the said Dufflaeus,--who\nand what he was,--when and where he lived?\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nRectory, Clyst St. George.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\nThe success which has attended _The Chronological New Testament_ has\nencouraged the publisher of that most useful work to undertake an edition\nof the entire Scriptures on a similar plan; and we have now before us the\nFirst Part of _The English Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments\naccording to the authorised Version: newly divided into Paragraphs, with\nconcise Introductions to the several Books; and with Maps and Notes\nillustrative of the Chronology, History, and Geography of the Holy\nScriptures; containing also the most remarkable Variations of the ancient\nVersions, and the chief Results of modern Criticism_. Even this ample\ntitle-page does not, however, point out the many helps towards a better\nunderstanding of the Word of God, which, by improvements in its division\nand typographical arrangement, are here furnished for the use of the devout\nstudent: and which has this great recommendation in our eyes, as we have no\ndoubt it will be its greatest in that of many of our readers, that it is no\nendeavour to furnish a new translation, but only an attempt to turn our\nnoble authorised version to the best account. The present Part completes\nthe Book of Genesis, and we have little doubt that its success will be such\nas to secure for the publisher that patronage which will enable him to\ncomplete so desirable a work as his \"_New Edition of the authorised Version\nof the Bible_.\" While on this subject, we may fitly call attention to the\neighth number of _The Museum of Classical Antiquities: a Quarterly Journal\nof Ancient Art_, and its accompanying _Supplement_, both of which are\nentirely occupied with a question which, from its connexion with our\nholiest and most religious feelings, must always command our deepest\nattention,--namely, the true site of Calvary, and of the Holy Sepulchre.\nThe question is discussed at considerable length, and with great learning\nand acuteness; and, we trust, from its generally interesting character, may\nhave the effect of drawing attention to a journal which deserves the\npatronage of scholars to a greater extent than, from the prefatory notice,\nit would appear to have received up to the present time.\n\nThe Second Part of _The Ulster Journal of Archaeology_ has just appeared. We\ncannot better recommend it to our antiquarian friends than by pointing out\nthat it contains the following papers:--1. Metropolitan Visitation of the\nDiocese of Derry, A.D. 1397. 2. Iona. 3. Anglo-Norman Families of Lecale,\nCounty Down. {514} 4. Ogham Inscriptions. 5. Irish Surnames, their past and\npresent Forms. 6. The Island of Tory in the Pagan Period. 7. Origin and\nCharacteristics of the People in the Counties of Down and Antrim. 8. King\nWilliam's Progress to the Boyne. 9. Antiquarian Notes and Queries. 10.\nAnnals of Ulster.\n\nWe ought, in the same way, to specify the various papers to be found in the\nrecently-published _Reports and Papers read at the Meetings of the\nArchitectural Society of the Archdeaconry of Northampton and the Counties\nof York and Lincoln; and of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of\nthe County of Bedford during the Year 1852_,--but such a course is\nobviously impossible. There is one paper in the volume which, as especially\nworthy the attention of those interested in our Ecclesiastical History,\ndeserves to be particularly noticed, namely, the Rev. G. A. Poole's\n_Synchronological Table of the Bishops of the English Sees from the Year\n1050 to 1550_. How much good service might be done to Historical Literature\nby the compilation and printing of many documents of a similar character!\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nSCOTT, REMARKS ON THE BEST WRITINGS OF THE BEST AUTHORS (or some such\ntitle).\n\nSERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c.\n\nHISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts.\n\nREV. A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published\nby Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836.\n\nDISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., by SAMUEL\nLORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). 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Hatton Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n_Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.\n  W. Cabell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.\n  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.\n  T. Grissell, Esq.\n  J. Hunt, Esq.\n  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  E. Lucas, Esq.\n  J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  J. B. White, Esq.\n  J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n_Trustees._\n\nW. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.\n\n_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n\n_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age      _L  s.  d._\n   17       1  14   4\n   22       1  18   8\n   27       2   4   5\n   32       2  10   8\n   37       2  18   6\n   42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, London.\n\nSubscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million.\n\n          _Trustees._\n  Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds.\n  The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House.\n  John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThis Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the\nMutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with its\nsecurity, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, introduced by\nthis Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank:\nSelf-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one\npolicy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a\nDeferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus\nrecently declared, 20 per Cent.\n\nEDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. {516}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNEW WORKS\n\nPUBLISHED BY\n\nADDEY & CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIn One Volume, post 8vo., price 10s. 6d. cloth,\n\nAUSTRALIA VISITED AND REVISITED:\n\nA Narrative of recent Travels and old Experiences in the Golden, Pastoral,\nand Agricultural Districts of Victoria and New South Wales.\n\nBy SAMUEL MOSSMAN, Author of \"The Gold Regions of Australia,\" &c. and\nTHOMAS BANISTER, Author of \"England and her Dependencies,\" &c.\n\nWith Maps by A. K. JOHNSTON, Geographer to Her Majesty.\n\n    \"The narrative is of a truthful, matter-of-fact character. The writers\n    tell us what they saw, with little if any colouring or exaggeration.\n    Wherever there is any interest in the things themselves, it is\n    preserved in the book, whether it relates to the appearance of the\n    gold-diggings and the diggers or their mode of life--to the places\n    frequently depopulated of _men_ by the gold fever pervading the\n    colonies, to the night bivouac of quiet people to avoid the close\n    atmosphere and riotous companions at the roadside inns from the crowds\n    rushing to or returning from the diggings, or to many other more\n    permanent scenes of still or animated life. With the actual are mingled\n    remarks on Australia, and advice to emigrants, the latter of which is\n    of a judicious kind.\"--_Spectator._\n\n    \"The authors of this compact volume have well worked out the purpose\n    they had in view, as put forth in the preface, making the book a real\n    book, indulging in no flights of imagination lest injury should be\n    inflicted thereby upon the uninformed and ingenuous.... This\n    straightforward and eminently practical book.\"--_Lloyd's Weekly News._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIn fcap. 4to., printed and bound in the style of the period, price 21s., or\nin morocco, 36s.\n\nTHE DIARY AND HOURES OF THE LADYE ADOLIE,\n\nA FAYTHFULLE CHILDE, 1552.\n\nEdited by the LADY CHARLOTTE PEPYS.\n\n    \"This work resembles several productions of the last few years. The\n    Diary professes to be written by a noble young lady of the sixteenth\n    century. 'Lady Adolie' has an advantage over most of its precursors in\n    the greater depth and variety of the incidents. The Journal begins just\n    before the accession of Bloody Mary, and ends with the martyrdom of the\n    youthful writer at Smithfield.... The book is charmingly written; the\n    kindly, simple, loving spirit of a girl in her teens, thrown much upon\n    her own resources, is truthfully depicted, as well as the firm piety of\n    that age.\"--_Spectator._\n\n    \"The familiar conversation of the day, as sought to be reproduced in\n    this Diary, wears an appearance of singular truthfulness, and whether\n    the topic be the deathbed of good King Edward, the merits of Somerset,\n    Ladye Jane Grey, her Grace the Ladye Elysabeth, the Queen herself, or\n    the demeanour of her Spanish husband, the proceedings of Cardinal Pole,\n    the doings at the Tower prison, the volume reflects as in a faithful\n    mirror the opinions current in the national mind.\"--_Globe._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBY THE AUTHOR OF \"CHILD'S PLAY.\"\n\nIn medium 4to., handsomely bound, price 15s.\n\nA CHILDREN'S SUMMER.\n\nEleven Etchings on Steel by E. U. B.\n\nILLUSTRATED IN PROSE AND RHYME BY M. L. B. & W. M. C.\n\nIndia Proofs on Large Paper, in Portfolio, price 31s. 6d.\n\n    \"What cordial admiration, what honest unaffected praise, have we to\n    bestow on these etchings! Never did we see a more perfect harmony\n    expressed throughout between accomplishment and grace of hand and moral\n    beauty of mind. Not the most faultless of mere correctness of drawing\n    could have the effect which these etchings produce. Within outlines\n    imperfect as we have described them, often the most exalted fancies are\n    found. The arrangement is almost always excellent--than the groupings\n    of the figures, and the composition of each scene, nothing for the most\n    part can be better. And the beautiful sympathy with children that is\n    displayed, the enjoyment in their joy, their gay sports their tender\n    little thoughtful gravities and their innocent purity of affection\n    which brings round them the thoughts of angels--all this has most\n    delightful expression in 'A Children's Summer.'\"--_Examiner._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIn Two Vols. crown 8vo., price 12s., elegantly bound in cloth, gilt,\n\nGRIMM'S HOUSEHOLD STORIES.\n\nCOMPLETE EDITION.\n\nThe celebrated Stories of the Brothers Grimm.\n\nEmbellished with 200 small and 36 full-page Illustrations by E. H. WEHNERT.\n\n    \"From time to time we have noticed the periodical appearances of this\n    edition of the famous book of the Brothers Grimm, and have only now to\n    mention the fact of its completion into two compact, well-filled\n    volumes. The translation is done in just the simple, homely way which\n    suits best with the stories.... Every juvenile library should possess\n    this excellent 'Grimm.'\"--_Examiner._\n\n    \"The two volumes of 'Household Stories,' translated from the Messrs.\n    Grimm, are the completed form of an edition which was issued in\n    numbers, and which has from time to time been mentioned by us as in\n    course of publication. What with Mr. Wehnert's admirable illustrations\n    (of which the number is almost countless) and the general elegance of\n    production, the work now presents an appearance sufficiently seductive\n    to the juvenile class of readers, to whom it is more particularly\n    addressed.\"--_Athenaeum._\n\n    \"We cannot again avoid alluding to Mr. Wehnert's illustrations to\n    'Grimm.' They are instinct with the most vital spirit of German\n    legendary romance--remote, unreal, grotesque, and suggestive; with\n    strange bits of landscape and beautiful human faces (those of the\n    children remarkably so), and with a singular absence of strong contrast\n    of light and shade, as though the sun which shone upon them was not the\n    same which shines upon this earth.\"--_Athenaeum_, second notice.\n\n    \"The stories are delightful.\"--_Leader._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIn 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth gilt, price 5s., the First Volume of\n\nTHE CHARM:\n\nA BOOK FOR BOYS AND GIRLS.\n\nTHE CONTRIBUTIONS BY MRS. HARRIET MYRTLE, ALFRED ELWES, J. H. PEPPER,\nFREDERICA GRAHAM, CLARA DE CHATELAIN, &c.\n\nEmbellished with more than One Hundred Illustrations by LEJEUNE, KAULBACH,\nWEIR, WEHNERT, ABSOLON, SKILL, &c. &c.\n\n_The Work is continued in Monthly Numbers, price Sixpence each._\n\n    \"A word in praise of the charming periodical for children, 'The Charm,'\n    which is more eagerly looked for by several youngsters we know than\n    \"Bleak House' is by their parents.\"--_Leader._\n\n    \"Children, we find, love this periodical.\"--_Critic._\n\n    \"'The Charm' is an excellent monthly periodical, full of pleasant\n    stories and engravings.\"--_Atlas._\n\n    \"An attractive and well-varied book.\"--_Spectator._\n\n    \"'The Charm,' a book for boys and girls, is the completed volume,\n    handsomely bound, of a book which has been appearing in monthly numbers\n    during the year, and in which form we have several times noticed it\n    with warm approval. It is full of interesting matter to read, and\n    adorned with upwards of one hundred engravings, of admirable execution,\n    illustrative of natural history, topography, juvenile science,\n    costumes, and sports, drawn by the best artist.\"--_Critic._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWITH FIVE HUNDRED PICTURES.\n\nLarge 4to., 6s. in elegant Picture Binding, by LUKE LIMNER, a New Edition\nof\n\nTHE PICTURE PLEASURE BOOK;\n\nCONTAINING FIVE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE MOST EMINENT ARTISTS.\n\nAn Edition is also published mounted on cloth, price 12s.\n\n    \"'The Picture Pleasure Book' is really the child's joy, for it gives\n    him large folio pages full of woodcuts, executed in the best style of\n    art, teaching him natural history, educating his eye to good drawing\n    and graceful form, and telling stories in pictures. It is an admirable\n    design, and no house that holds children should be without\n    it.\"--_Critic._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLONDON: ADDEY AND CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10 Stonefield Street, in the Parish of\nSt. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.\nBride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.\nFleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of\nLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 21.\n1853.\n\nCorrections made to printed original.\n\np501. \"the birth of Antonius Stradivarius\" - \"Autonius\" in original","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":22252}