{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_20954/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_20954","id":"gutenberg_20954","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20954","summary":null,"tags":["Category: British Literature","Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Patricia A Benoy, Jonathan\nIngram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n  +--------------------------------------------------------------+\n  | Transcriber's Note: Italicized words, phrases, etc. are      |\n  | surrounded by _underline charcters_. Greek transliterations  |\n  | are surrounded by ~tildas~. Diacritical marks over           |\n  | characters are bracketed: [=mt] indicates a macron over the  |\n  | letters mt, [(y] indicates a breve over the y, etc. Archaic  |\n  | spellings such as Ffurther and pseudonymes have been         |\n  | retained.                                                    |\n  +--------------------------------------------------------------+\n\n\n\n{325}\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNo. 179.]\nSATURDAY, APRIL 2. 1853.\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5d.\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\nNOTES:--                                                        Page\n    Jack, by John Jackson                                        325\n    Mythe _versus_ Myth, by Thomas Keightley                     326\n    Witchcraft in 1638                                           326\n    St. Augustin and Baxter, by E. Smirke                        327\n    FOLK LORE:--Subterranean Bells--Welsh Legend of\n      the Redbreast                                              328\n    Johnsoniana                                                  328\n    MINOR NOTES:--White Roses--Fifeshire Pronunciation\n      --Original Letter--Erroneous Forms of Speech               329\n\nQUERIES:--\n    Eustache de Saint Pierre, by Henry H. Breen                  329\n    Passage in Coleridge                                         330\n    MINOR QUERIES:--Cann Family--Landholders in\n      Lonsdale South of the Sands--Rotation of the Earth\n      --Nelson and Wellington--Are White Cats deaf?--\n      Arms in Dugdale's \"Warwickshire,\" &c.--Tombstone\n      in Churchyard--Argot and Slang--Priests'\n      Surplices--John, Brother German to David II.--\n      Scott, Nelson's Secretary--The Axe which beheaded\n      Anne Boleyn--Roger Outlawe--\"Berte au Grand\n      Pied\"--Lying by the Walls--Constables of France--\n      St. John's Church, Shoreditch                              330\n    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Sir John Thompson\n      --Ring, the Marriage--Amusive--Belfry Towers\n      separate from the Body of the Church--An Easter-day\n      Sun                                                        332\n\nREPLIES:--\n    Hamilton Queries, by Lord Braybrooke, &c.                    333\n    The Wood of the Cross                                        334\n    Edmund Chaloner, by T. Hughes                                334\n    \"Anywhen\" and \"Seldom-when:\" unobserved Instances\n      of Shakespeare's Use of the latter, S. W.\n      Singer                                                     335\n    Chichester: Lavant, by W. L. Nichols                         335\n    Scarfs worn by Clergymen, by Rev. John Jebb, &c.             337\n    Inscriptions in Books, by Russell Gole, George S. Master,\n      &c.                                                        337\n    PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Head-rests--\n      Sir W. Newton's Explanations of his Process--Talc\n      for Collodion Pictures                                     338\n    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Portrait of the Duke\n      of Gloucester--Key to Dibdin's \"Bibliomania\"--High\n      Spirits a Presage of Evil--Hogarth's Works--Town\n      Plough--Shoreditch Cross and the painted Window in\n      Shoreditch Church--Race for Canterbury--Lady High\n      Sheriff--Burial of an unclaimed Corpse--Surname of\n      Allan--The Patronymic Mac--Cibber's \"Lives of\n      the Poets\"--Parallel Passages, No. 2.: Stars and\n      Flowers--Schomberg's Epitaph--Pilgrimages to the\n      Holy Land--Album--Gesmas and Desmas--\"Quod\n      fuit esse\"--Straw Bail--Pearl--Sermons by Parliamentary\n      Chaplains, &c.                                             338\n\nMISCELLANEOUS:--\n    Notes on Books, &c.                                          345\n    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 346\n    Notices to Correspondents                                    346\n    Advertisements                                               346\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTES.\n\n\nJACK.\n\nI wish to note, and to suggest to students in ethnology, the Query, how\nit comes to pass that John Bull has a peculiar propensity to call things\nby his own name, his familiar appellative of _Jack_?\n\nOf all the long list of abbreviations and familiar names with which\ntimes past and present have supplied us, that which honest Falstaff\nfound most pleasing to his ears, \"_Jack_ with my familiars!\" is the\nhousehold word with which ours are most conversant. Were not _Jack_ the\nGiant-killer, _Jack_ and the Bean-stalk, and Little _Jack_, the\nintimates of our earliest days? when we were lulled to sleep by ditties\nthat told of _Jack_ Sprat and his accommodating wife (an instance of the\nharmony in which those of opposite tastes may live in the bonds of\nwedlock); of _Jack_, the bachelor who lived harmoniously with his\nfiddle, and had a soul above the advice of his utilitarian friend; of\n_Jack_ who, like Caliban, was to have a new master; of _Jack_[1] the\nbrother of Gill; and of the _Jack_ who was only remarkable for having a\nbrother, whose name, as a younger son, is not thought worthy of mention.\nAnd were not our waking hours solaced by songs, celebrating the good\nJack[2], little _Jack_ Horner, and holding up to obloquy the bad Jack,\nnaughty _Jacky_ Green, and his treachery to the innocent cat? Who does\nnot remember the time when he played at _jack_-straws, fished for\n_jack_-sharps, and delighted in a skip-_jack_, or _jack_-a-jumper, when\n_jack_-in-a-box came back from the fair (where we had listened not\nunmoved to the temptations of that eloquent vagabond cheap-_Jack_) and\npopped up his nose before we could say _Jack_ {326} Robinson; and when\n_Jack_-in-the-green ushered in May-day? While a halo of charmed\nrecollections encircles the memory of _Jack_-pudding, dear to the\nEnglishman as Jack Pottage and Jack Sausage (Jean Potage and Hans Wurst)\nare to Frenchman and German.\n\nOur childhood past, _Jack_ still haunts us at every turn and phase of\nour existence. The smoke-_jack_ and bottle-_jack_, those revolutionary\ninstruments that threw the turnspit out of employment (and have\nwell-nigh banished him from the face of the earth), cook the _Jack_\nhare, which we bring in in the pocket of our shooting-_jacket_. We wear\n_jack_-boots, and draw them off with boot-_jacks_; prop up our houses\nwith _jack_-screws; wipe our hands on _jack_-towels; drink out of\nblack-_jacks_, and wear them on our backs too, at least our ancestors\ndid; while flap-_jacks_[3] gave a relish to their Lenten diet,\n_jack_-of-the-clock[4] told them the hour; _Jack_ priests held rule over\nthem; and gentle exercise at the _jack_, at bowls, helped them to digest\ntheir dinners. We ride upon _jack_-asses; _jacks_ flourish in our\nfish-ponds; _jack_-a-lanterns and _jack_-snipes flit over our bogs, the\none scarcely less difficult to capture than the other; _jack_-daws\nmultiply in our steeples, and _jack_-herons still linger about our\nbaronial halls.\n\nThe four _jack_ knaves, _jack_-a-lents, _jack_-a-dandies,\n_jack_-a-nasties, and _jacks_-in-office (_jack_-an-apeses every man\n_jack_ of them), with that name fraught with mysterious terror, _Jack_\nKetch, are the scape-graces of this numerous family; and, at every\n_Jack_ who would be the gentleman, at a saucy _Jack_ who attempts to\nplay the _jack_ with us, our indignation rises, like that of Juliet's\nnurse. But, on the whole, _Jack_ is an honest fellow, who does his work\nin this life, though he has been reproached with Tom's helping him to do\nnothing; but let the house that Jack built vindicate him from this\ncalumny. _Jack_, we repeat, is an honest fellow, and is so more\nespecially, when as _Jack_-tar (Heaven protect him from _Jack_-sharks\nboth on sea and shore!) he has old Ocean beneath, and the union-_jack_\nabove him. Of black and yellow _jack_, who are foreigners, we make no\nmention; neither of _Jack_-Spaniards, nor of _Jacko_ the monkey, whom we\ndetest; but, go where we will, _Jack_ meets us, and is master of all\ntrades, for that we hold to be the right, though, we are aware, not the\nusual version of the saying. In short, with Merry _Andrews_, _Jerry_\nSneaks, _Tom_ Noddies, and Silly _Simons_, we may all have a casual\nacquaintance; but _Jack_, sweet _Jack_, kind _Jack_, honest _Jack_,\n_Jack_ still is our familiar.\n\nJOHN JACKSON.\n\n     [Footnote 1: Jack and Gill were measures. \"Wherefore,\" says\n     Grumio, \"be the Jacks fair within and the Gills fair without,\"\n     meaning the leathern jacks clean within, and the metal gills\n     polished without.]\n\n     [Footnote 2: His character has suffered by antiquarian\n     research, which tells us that the song was made on a Colonel\n     Horner, intrusted by the last Abbot of Wells with a pie,\n     containing the title-deeds of the abbey, which he was to\n     deliver to Henry VIII., and that he abstracted one for his own\n     purposes, whereupon the abbot was hanged.]\n\n     [Footnote 3: The old name for pancakes. Slap-_jacks_ is their\n     present name in America.]\n\n     [Footnote 4: The figure which struck the hour, as on the old\n     clocks of St. Dunstan's, and of Carfax in Oxford.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMYTHE VERSUS MYTH.\n\nWhen I first began to write on Mythology, I followed the Germans in\nusing _mythus_ for the Greek ~mythos~. I afterwards thought it\nwould be better to Anglicise it, and, strange to say, I actually found\nthat there was a rule in the English language without an exception. It\nwas this: Words formed from Greek disyllables in ~os~, whether\nthe penultimate vowel be long or short, are monosyllables made long by\n_e_ final. Thus, not only does ~b\u00f4los~ make _bole_, but ~polos~ _pole_,\n~poros~ _pore_, ~skopos~ _scope_, ~tonos~ _tone_, &c.; so also ~gyros~,\n_gyre_; ~thymos~, _thyme_; ~stylos~, _style_; ~kybos~, _cube_, &c.: I\ntherefore, without hesitation, made an English word _m[=y]the_. Mr.\nGrote, in his _History of Greece_, has done the very same thing, and\nprobably on the same principles, quite independently of me; for, as I am\ninformed, he has never condescended to read my _Mythology of Greece and\nItaly_, perhaps because it was not written in German. We have had no\nfollowers, as far as I am aware, but Miss Lynn, in her classical novels,\nand Mr. J. E. Taylor, in his translation of the _Pentamerone_, &c.\n\nMeantime the English language had got another form of ~mythos~,\nnamely, _m[)y]th_, which I believe made its first appearance in Mr.\nCooley's _Maritime and Inland Discovery_, and so has the claim of\npriority, if not of correctness. This form has been so generally\nadopted, that it seems likely ere long to become a mere slang term. It\nis used for every kind of fiction whatever; indeed, I have seen it\nemployed where the proper word would be _hoax_. Nay, to make matters\nworse, it is actually used of persons. Mrs. Harris, for instance, has\nbeen termed a _myth_, as also was Robin Hood, not long since, even in\n\"N. & Q.\"! I wonder how Apolodorus would have looked, if he had heard\nOrion or Polyphemus called a ~mythos~!\n\nDo I then expect the people of England to surrender their glorious\nprivilege of going wrong without let or hindrance, in matters of grammar\nand etymology? Far from me be such folly and presumption. All I venture\nto expect is, that men of learning and good sense will, when they are\nspeaking or writing about those venerable fictions which once commanded\nthe assent of polished nations, use the more dignified term _m[=y]the_,\nand the adjective _mythic_, instead of the hybrid _mythical_, leaving\nthe poor unhappy little _m[)y]th_ to be bandied about at the popular\nwill and pleasure.\n\nTHOS. KEIGHTLEY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWITCHCRAFT IN 1638.\n\nI inclose you an extract from an old document in my possession, which\nappears to be the examination of two witnesses against one Mary Shepherd\nfor witchcraft. The nature of the offence is not {327} specified.\nPerhaps it may be interesting to some of your readers.\n\n     _The Exa[=m] of Jone Coward of Wareham, taken upon Oath the 28\n     March, 1638._\n\n     Who sayth, y't about Midsomer last past one Mary Sheapheard of\n     Wareham did pull of one of this Ex[=mt]'s stockings, and\n     within 2 howers after this Ex[=nt] was taken in all her limbs\n     that she could not stur hand or foot, where upon this Ex[=nt]\n     considered that the fors'd Mary Sheapheard had done her that\n     hurt, and forth w'th cryed out upon the sayd Mary Shep.\n     (though the sayd M. Shep. was not present), where upon this\n     Ex[=mt]'s mother went unto the house of M. Shep. to perswaed\n     her to come downe to this Ex[=nt]; but the sayd M. Shep. would\n     not. Whereupon this Ex[=nt]'s mother went unto the Mayor of\n     the Town, who co[=m]anded the s'd M. Shep. to goe to this\n     Exa[=nt]. At length the s'd Ma. Shep. accordingly did (and\n     being co[=e]), she did wring this Ex[=nt] by the hande, and\n     p'esently this Ex[=nt] recouered. Ffurther, the Ex[=nt]\n     sayth, y't about ye 24 of July _next followinge_, this\n     Ex[=nt] was taken in ye like manner ye second time, w'th\n     her hands and feet wrested about, and so sent for the s'd M.\n     Shep., who instantly pulled the Ex[=nt] by the hands, and\n     p'esently the Ex[=nt] recovered again.\n\n     JONE COWARD.\n\n     Joane Coward de Warh[=a], spinster \u00a3xx,\n\n     To appear and give evidence at the next assizes ag[=nt] Ma.\n     Sheapheard.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n     _The Ex[=am] of Ann Trew, single woman, of Wareham, taken upon\n     Oath as afors'd._\n\n     Who sayth, y't on ye 16th of March last past she saw Mary\n     Shep. come into ye house of Joh. Gillingame, and likewise saw\n     Ed. Gillingame come down bare-footed very well, without any\n     lamnesse or sickness at all, and p'esently after ye sayd\n     Mary Shep. had pulled on the legginge upon the legge of ye\n     s'd Ed. Gill., he fell instantly both lame and sick. Further,\n     the Ex[=nt] asked the s'd Ed. Gill. (in the time of his\n     sickness) what Ma. Shep. did unto him, who answered, she did\n     put her hand upon his thigh.\n\n     ANN TREW.\n\n     Anne Trew de Warh[=a], spinster \u00a3xx,\n\n     To appear and give evidence at next assizes ag[=nt] M.\n     Shepheard.\n\nI should like to know if the effect of her supposed sorcery could be\nattributed to mesmerism. The document in my possession appears to be\noriginal, as Jone Coward's signature is in a different hand to that of\nthe examination.\n\nJ. C. M.\n\nSpetisbury.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nST. AUGUSTIN AND BAXTER.\n\nI am not aware that any author has pointed out a remarkable coincidence\nin the Confessions of St. Augustin and of Baxter:\n\n     \"Divers sins I was addicted to, and oft committed against my\n     conscience, which, for the warning of others, I will here\n     confess to my shame. I was much addicted to the excessive and\n     gluttonous eating of apples and pears, which, I think, laid\n     the foundation of the imbecility and flatulency of my\n     stomach.... To this end, and to concur with naughty boys that\n     gloried in evil, I have oft gone into other men's orchards and\n     stolen the fruit, when I had enough at home.... These were my\n     sins in my childhood, as to which conscience troubled me for a\n     great while before they were overcome.\"\n\nSir W. Scott cites the above passages in his _Life of Dryden_, with\nsharp comments on the rigid scruples of the Puritans:\n\n     \"How is it possible,\" he says, \"to forgive Baxter for the\n     affectation with which he records the enormities of his\n     childhood?... Can any one read this confession without\n     thinking of Tartuffe, who subjected himself to penance for\n     killing a flea with too much anger?...\"\n\nIt probably did not occur to the biographer, that no less illustrious a\nsaint than Augustin, to whom Puritanism can hardly be imputed, had made\na parallel confession of like early depravity many centuries before.\nEnlarging on his own puerile delinquencies, and indeed on the wickedness\nof children in general, he confesses that, in company with other\n\"naughty boys\" (\"nequissimi adolescentuli\"), he not only stole apples,\nbut stole them for the mere pleasure of the thing, and when he \"had\nenough at home\":\n\n     \"Id furatus sum quod mihi abundabat, et multo melius. Nec e\u00e2\n     re volebam frui quam furto appetebam; sed ipso furto et\n     peccato. Arbor erat pirus in vicini\u00e2 vine\u00e6 nostr\u00e6 pomis\n     onusta, nec form\u00e2 nec sapore illecebrosis. Ad hanc excutiendam\n     atque asportandam, nequissimi adolescentuli perreximus nocte\n     intempest\u00e2; et abstulimus inde onera ingentia, non ad nostras\n     epulas, sed vel projicienda porcis, etiamsi aliquid inde\n     comedimus.... Ecce cor meum, Deus meus, ecce cor meum, quod\n     miseratus es in imo abyssi!\"--_Confessionum_, lib. ii. cap.\n     iv.\n\nIn comparing the two cases, the balance of juvenile depravity is very\nmuch against the great Doctor of Grace. He does not seem to have had\neven a fondness for fruit to plead in extenuation of his larceny. He\nrobbed orchards by wholesale of apples, which, by his own admission, had\nno attractions either of form or flavour to tempt him. Yet the two\nanecdotes are so much alike, that one would be inclined to suspect one\nstory of being a mere recoction of the other if it were possible to\ndoubt the veracity of Richard Baxter.\n\n{328}\nThe incident, however, is one too familiar in schoolboy life to make the\nrepetition of the story a matter of surprise. The property in an apple\ngrowing within the reach of a boy's hand has from time immemorial been\nin peril, and the law itself has not always regarded it as an object of\nscrupulous protection. The old laws of the Rheingau, and (if I mistake\nnot) of some other states, warranted a wayfaring man in picking apples\nfrom any tree, provided he did not exceed the number of three.\n\nE. SMIRKE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n\n_Subterranean Bells_ (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 200.).--In answer to J. J.\nS.'s inquiry, I beg to state, that at Crosmere, near Ellesmere,\nShropshire, where there is one of a number of pretty lakes scattered\nthroughout that district, there is a tradition of a chapel having\nformerly stood on the banks of the lake. And it is said that the belief\nonce was, that whenever the waters were ruffled by wind, the chapel\nbells might be heard as singing beneath the surface. This, though\nbearing on the subject of \"submarine\" or \"subaqueous,\" rather than\n\"subterranean\" bells, illustrates, I think, the tradition to which J. J.\nS. refers.\n\nJ. W. M.\n\nHordley, Ellesmere.\n\n\n_Welsh Legend of the Redbreast._--According to my old nurse (a\nCarmarthenshire woman), the redbreast, like Prometheus, is the victim\n~philanthr\u00f4pou tropou~. Not only the babes in the wood, but\nmankind at large, are indebted to these deserving favourites. How could\nany child help regarding with grateful veneration the little bird with\nbosom red, when assured--\n\n     \"That far, far, far away is a land of woe, darkness, spirits\n     of evil, and _fire_. Day by day does the little bird bear in\n     his bill a drop of water to quench the flame. So near to the\n     burning stream does he fly, that his dear little feathers are\n     _scorched_: and hence he is named Bron-_rhuddyn_.[5] To serve\n     little children, the robin dares approach the Infernal Pit. No\n     good child will hurt the devoted benefactor of man. The robin\n     returns from the land of _fire_, and therefore he feels the\n     _cold_ of winter far more than his brother birds. He shivers\n     in the brumal blast; hungry, he chirps before your door. Oh!\n     my child, then, in gratitude throw a few crumbs to poor\n     red-breast.\"\n\nWhy, a Pythagorean would have eaten a peacock sooner than one of us\nwould have injured a robin.\n\nR. P.\n\n     [Footnote 5: Bron-rhuddyn = \"breast-burnt,\" or\n     \"breast-scorched.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJOHNSONIANA.\n\nI inclose you a transcript of a letter of Boswell's which I think worthy\nof being permanently recorded, and am not aware of its having been\nbefore in print.\n\n                                      Edinburgh, 11th April, 1774.\n\n     Dear Sir,\n\n     When Mr. Johnson and I arrived at Inveraray after our\n     expedition to the Hebrides, and there for the first time\n     _after many days_ renewed our enjoyment of the luxuries of\n     civilised life, one of the most elegant that I could wish to\n     find was lying for me, a letter from Mr. Garrick. It was a\n     pineapple of the finest flavour, which had a high zest indeed\n     amongst the heath-covered mountains of Scotia. That I have not\n     thanked you for it long ere now is one of those strange facts\n     for which it is so difficult to account, that I shall not\n     attempt it. The _Idler_ has strongly expressed many of the\n     wonderful effects of the _vis inerti\u00e6_ of the human mind. But\n     it is hardly credible that a man should have the warmest\n     regard for his friend, a constant desire to show it, and a\n     keen ambition for a frequent epistolary intercourse with him,\n     and yet should let months roll on without having resolution,\n     or activity, or power, or whatever it be, to write a few\n     lines. A man in such a situation is somewhat like Tantalus\n     reversed. He recedes, he knows not how, from what he loves,\n     which is full as provoking as when what he loves recedes from\n     him. That my complaint is not a peculiar fancy, but deep in\n     human nature, I appeal to the authority of St. Paul, who\n     though he had not been exalted to the dignity of an apostle,\n     would have stood high in fame as a philosopher and orator,\n     \"_What I would that do I not._\" You need be under no concern\n     as to your debt to me for the book which I purchased for you.\n     It was long ago discharged; for believe me, I intended the\n     book as a present. Or if you rather chuse that it should be\n     held as an exchange with the epitaphs which you sent me, I\n     have no objection. Dr. Goldsmith's death would affect all the\n     club much. I have not been so much affected with any event\n     that has happened of a long time. I wish you would give me,\n     who am at a distance, and who cannot get to London this\n     spring, some particulars with regards to his last appearances.\n     Dr. Young has a fine thought to this purpose, that every\n     friend who goes before us to the other side of the river of\n     death, makes the passage to us the easier. Were our club all\n     removed to a future world but one or two, _they_, one should\n     think, would incline to follow. By all means let me be on your\n     list of subscribers to Mr. Morrell's _Prometheus_. You have\n     enlivened the town, I see, with a musical piece. The prologue\n     is admirably fancied _arripere populum tributim_; though, to\n     be sure, Foote's remark applies to it, that your prologues {329}\n     have a culinary turn, and that therefore the motto to your\n     collection of them should be, _Animus jamdudum in Patinis_. A\n     player upon words might answer him, \"Any Patinis rather than\n     your Piety in Pattens.\" I wonder the wags have not been\n     quoting upon you, \"Whose erudition is a _Christmas tale_.\" But\n     Mr. Johnson is ready to bruise any one who calls in question\n     your classical knowledge and your happy application of it. I\n     hope Mr. Johnson has given you an entertaining account of his\n     Northern Tour. He is certainly to favour the world with some\n     of his remarks. Pray do not fail to quicken him by word as I\n     do by letter. Posterity will be the more obliged to his\n     friends the more that they can prevail with him to write. With\n     best compliments to Mrs. Garrick, and hoping that you will not\n     punish me by being long silent, I remain faithfully yours,\n\n     JAMES BOSWELL.\n\n    To David Garrick, Esq.,\n    Adelphi, London.\n\nW. P.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMINOR NOTES.\n\n\n_White Roses._--In an old newspaper, _The Weekly Journal, or British\nGazetteer_, of Saturday, June 15, 1723, I find the following paragraph:\n\n     \"Monday being the anniversary of the White Roses, some persons\n     who had a mind to boast that they had bid defiance to the\n     government, put them on early in the morning; but the mob not\n     liking such doings, gathered about them, and demolished the\n     wearers; which so terrified the crew, that not one of them\n     afterwards would touch a white rose.\"\n\nCan you, or any of your correspondents, explain this curious allusion?\nIs it to the emblem of the House of York, or the badge of the Pretender?\n\nE. G. B.\n\n\n_Fifeshire Pronunciation._--I have observed, in various parts of\nFifeshire, a singular peculiarity in the pronunciation of certain words,\nof which the following are specimens:\n\n                                    Pronounced\n\n    Wrong,                          Vrang.\n    Wright,                         Vricht (_gut._).\n    Wretch,                         Vretch.\n    Write, _v. a._                  Vrite.\n    Write, or writing, _s._         Vreat.\n\nThis strange mode is not altogether confined to the most illiterate\nportion of the people. My query is, Does this peculiarity obtain in any\nother portion of Scotland?\n\nA. R. X.\n\nPaisley.\n\n\n_Original Letter._--The following letter, written by the French general\nat Guadaloupe, when it was taken in 1810, to his conqueror, is an\nexquisite specimen of something more than that national politeness which\ndoes not desert a Frenchman even in misfortune. I possess the original:\n\n                         Au quartier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Parc,\n                            le 6 F\u00e9vrier, 1810.\n\n      A son Excellence\n\n    Le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Beckwith, Commandant en chef les forces de sa\n    Majest\u00e9 Britannique aux isles du Vent.\n\n      Monsieur le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral,\n\n    J'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9venu que Votre Excellence se proposait de venir au\n    Parc demain dans la matin\u00e9e. J'ose esp\u00e9rer qu'elle voudra bien\n    me faire l'honneur d'accepter le diner que lui offre un G\u00e9n\u00e9ral\n    malheureux et vaincu, mais qu'il pr\u00e9sente de tout coeur.\n\n    Daignez, Monsieur le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral, agr\u00e9er l'assurance de la haute\n    consid\u00e9ration avec laquelle\n\n         J'ai l'honneur d'\u00eatre,\n           de votre Excellence,\n             Le tr\u00e8s-ob\u00e9issant serviteur,\n                                     EMOUF.\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\n\n_Erroneous Forms of Speech._--Since you allow your correspondents to\ncorrect such words as _teetotal_, I hope you will allow me to call the\nattention of your agricultural readers to the corruption in the word\n_mangold_, as they now write it. The word is in German _mangel wurzel_,\nroot of scarcity. It is wrong to use even such a name as this, in my\nopinion, while we have the English name _beet_, which has the additional\nadvantage of being derived from the botanical name _Beta_. But if a new\nname must be used, let it, at any rate, be the pure German _mangel_, and\nnot the mongrel _mangold_. Indeed, those who spell the word in the\nlatter way, ought in common consistency to write _reddishes_,\n_sparrowgrass_, and _cowcumbers_ for radishes, asparagus, and cucumbers.\n\nE. G. R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQUERIES.\n\n\nEUSTACHE DE SAINT PIERRE.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 10.)\n\nMR. KING'S inquiry reminds me of two Queries on the same subject which I\nsent you as far back as the end of 1851, or beginning of 1852. Those\nQueries have not appeared in \"N. & Q.,\" and I was led to suppose, either\nthat you had laid them aside for some future occasion, or had found\nsomething objectionable in the form in which they were presented. The\nfollowing is a literal copy.\n\n     \"There are two circumstances connected with this event (the\n     surrender of Calais), respecting which I am desirous of\n     obtaining information. The first has reference to the\n     individuals who offered themselves as victims to appease the\n     exasperation of Edward III., after the obstinate siege of {330}\n     that town in 1347. They are represented as _six_ of the\n     principal citizens; Eustache de Saint Pierre was at their\n     head, and the names of three others have come down to us, as\n     Jean d'Aire, Jacques de Wissant, and Pierre de Wissant. Who\n     were the other two?\n\n     \"The second point relates to the character of that occurrence.\n     Some historians are of opinion that the devotedness of Saint\n     Pierre and his associates was prompted by the most exalted\n     sentiments of patriotism; while others assert that it was all\n     a 'sham,' that Saint-Pierre was secretly attached to the cause\n     of the English monarch, and that he was subsequently employed\n     by him in some confidential negociations. To which of these\n     opinions should the historical inquirer give his assent?\"\n\nI may add, in reply to MR. KING, that \"the light thrown on the\nsubject, through M. de Br\u00e9quigny's labours,\" has been noticed in the\n_Biographie Universelle_, sub voce _Saint-Pierre (Eustache de)_; and it\nwas the remarks in that work that first drew my attention to it. The\ncircumstances disclosed by Br\u00e9quigny are also commented upon by L\u00e9vesque\nin his _La France sous les Valois_.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPASSAGE IN COLERIDGE.\n\nDe Quincy, in his \"Suspiria de Profundis,\" Blackwood's _Magazine_, June,\n1845, p. 748., speaking of the spectre of the Brocken, and of the\nconditions under which that striking phenomenon is manifested, observes\nthat\n\n     \"Coleridge ascended the Brocken on the Whitsunday of 1799 with\n     a party of English students from Goettingen, but failed to see\n     the phantom; afterwards in England (and under the same three\n     conditions) he saw a much rarer phenomenon, which he described\n     in the following eight lines. I give them from a corrected\n     copy. The apostrophe in the beginning must be understood as\n     addressed to an ideal conception:\n\n    \"'And art thou nothing? Such thou art as when\n      The woodman winding westward up the glen\n      At wintry dawn, when o'er the sheep-track's maze\n      The viewless snow-mist weaves a glist'ning haze,\n      Sees full before him, gliding without tread,\n      An image with a glory round its head:\n      This shade he worships for its golden hues,\n      And makes (not knowing) that which he pursues.'\"\n\nThese lines are from \"Constancy to an ideal Object;\" but in the usual\neditions of Coleridge's _Poems_, the last two lines are printed thus:\n\n    \"The enamour'd rustic worships its fair hues,\n     Nor knows he makes the shadow he pursues.\"\n      Coleridge's _Poetical Works_, vol. ii. p. 91., 1840.\n\nQuery: Which reading is the correct one? Coleridge refers to the\n_Manchester Philosophical Transactions_ for a description of this\nphenomenon; but, as the earlier volumes of these are scarce, perhaps\nsome of your correspondents would copy the description from the volume\nwhich contains it, or furnish one from some authentic source.\n\nJ. M. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n\n_Cann Family._--Can any of your correspondents enlighten me as to the\norigin of this family name; and if of foreign extraction, as I suspect,\nin what county of England they first settled? There is a village in\nDorsetshire called Cann St. Rumbold. Possibly this may afford some clue.\nBurke informs us that William Cann, Esq., was Mayor of Bristol in 1648,\nand that his son, Sir Robert Cann, also Mayor, and afterwards M.P. for\nthat city, was knighted by Charles II. in 1662, and created a Baronet,\nSeptember 13th in the same year. The title became extinct in 1765, by\nthe death of Sir Robert Cann, the sixth Baronet. The first Baronet had\nseveral brothers, some of whom most probably left issue, as I find a\nrespectable family of that name now, and for many years past, located in\nDevonshire; but I am not aware if they are descended from the same\nstock.\n\nDOMINI-CANN.\n\nCanada.\n\n\n_Landholders in Lonsdale South of the Sands._--In his _History of\nLancashire_, Baines states (vol. i. chap. iv.) that a return of the\nprincipal landholders in Lonsdale South of the Sands, in the time of\nJames I., has been kept; but he does not state where the return is\nregistered, nor whether it was in a private or public form. In fact, it\nis impossible to make any reference to the return, from the brief\nmention made of it by Baines.\n\nPerhaps some one of your Lancashire correspondents may be acquainted\nwith the sources of the learned historian's information. If so, it would\nmuch oblige your correspondent to be directed to them, as also to any of\nthe Lancashire genealogical authorities referring to the district of\nLonsdale South of the Sands.\n\nOBSERVER.\n\n\n_Rotation of the Earth._--Has the experiment which about two years ago\nwas much talked of, for demonstrating the rotation of the earth by means\nof a pendulum, been satisfactorily carried out and proved? And if so,\nwhere is the best place for finding an account of it? The diagram by Mr.\nLittle in the _Illustrated London News_ does not seem to explain the\nmatter very fully.\n\n[?]\n\n\n_Nelson and Wellington._--The following statement has been going the\nround of the American newspapers since the death of the Duke of\nWellington. Is it true?--\"Lord Nelson was the eighteenth in descent from\nKing Edward I., and {331} the Duke of Wellington was descended from the\nsame monarch.\"\n\nUNEDA.\n\n\n_Are White Cats deaf?_--White cats are reputed to be \"hard of hearing.\"\nI have known many instances, and in all stupidity seemed to accompany\nthe deafness. Can any instances be given of white cats possessing the\nfunction of hearing in anything like perfection?\n\nSHIRLEY HIBBERD.\n\n\n_Arms in Dugdale's \"Warwickshire,\" &c._--In Dugdale's _Warwickshire_\n(1656), p. 733. fig. 21., is a coat of arms from the Prior's Lodgings at\nMaxstoke, viz. Or, fretty of ten pieces sa. with a canton gu. And in\nShaw's _Hist. of Staffordshire_, vol. i. p. *210., is the notice of a\nsimilar coat from Armitage Church, near Rugeley, extracted out of\n_Church Notes_, by Wyrley the herald, taken about 1597: viz. \"Rugeley as\nbefore, impaling O. fretty of ... S. with a canton G. Query if ...\"\n\nDugdale gives another coat, p. 111. fig. 12., from the windows of\nTrinity Church, Coventry; viz. Arg. on a chev. sa. three _stars_ of the\nfirst. There is a mitre over this coat.\n\nCan any of the correspondents of \"N. & Q.\" assign the family names to\nthese arms? Does the mitre necessarily imply a bishop or mitred abbot;\nand, if not, does it belong to John de Ruggeley, who was Abbot of\nMerevale (not far from Coventry) temp. Hen. VI., one branch of whose\nfamily bore--Arg. on a chev. sa. three _mullets_ of the first. I may\nobserve that this John was perhaps otherwise connected with Coventry;\nfor Edith, widow of Nicholas de Ruggeley, his brother, left a legacy,\nsays Dugd., p. 129., to an anchorite mured up at Stivichall Church, a\nmember of St. Michael's Church, Coventry.\n\nThe same coat (_i. e._ with the mullets) is assigned by Dugd., p. 661.\nfig. 12., to the name of Knell.\n\nJ. W. S. R.\n\n\n_Tombstone in Churchyard._--Does any one know of a legible inscription\nolder than 1601?\n\nA. C.\n\n\n_Argot and Slang._--I shall be much obliged by learning from any\ncorrespondent the etymons of _argot_ (French) and _slang_, as applied to\nlanguage; and when did the latter term first come into use?\n\nTHOS. LAWRENCE.\n\nAshby-de-la-Zouch.\n\n\n_Priests' Surplices._--Will some of the readers of \"N. & Q.\" favour me\nwith a decision or authority on the following point? Does a priest's\nsurplice differ from that worn by a lay vicar, or vicar choral? I have\nbeen an old choir-boy; and some few years since, as a boy, used to\nremark that the priests' surplices worn at St. Paul's, the Chapel Royal,\nand Westminster Abbey, were, as a sempstress would term it, _gaged_, or\nstitched down in rows over the shoulders some seven or eight times at\nthe distance of about half an inch from each other. In the cathedral\nchurches of Durham, York, Hereford, Worcester, Gloucester, and Oxford, I\nhave remarked their almost universal adoption; but, to the best of my\nbelief, I have never seen such a description of vestment in use among\nparochial clergymen, above half-a-dozen times, and I am desirous of\nknowing if the _gaged_ surplice is peculiar to cathedrals and collegiate\nchurches (I have even seen canons residentiary in them, habited in the\nlay vicar's surplice), or is the surplice used by choristers,\nundergraduates, and vicars choral, which, according to my early\nexperience, is one without needlework, the correct officiating garment;\nthe latter is almost universally used at funerals, where the officiating\npriest seldom wears either his scarf or hood, and presents anything but\na dignified appearance when he crowns this _n\u00e9glig\u00e9e_ with one of our\ngrotesque chimney-pot hats, to the exclusion of the more appropriate\ncollege cap.\n\nAMANUENSIS.\n\n\n_John, Brother German to David II._--Can any of your readers solve the\nproblem in Scotch history, who was John, brother german to King David\nII., son of Robert Bruce? David II., in a charter to the Priory of\nRostinoth, uses these words: \"Pro salute anim\u00e6 nostr\u00e6, etc., ac ob\nbenevolentiam et affectionem specialem quam erga dictum prioratum devote\ngerimus eo quod ossa celebris memori\u00e6 Johannis fratris nostri germani\nibidem (the Priory) humata quiescunt dedimus, etc., viginti marcas\nsterlingorum, etc.\" Dated at Scone, \"in pleno parliamento nostro tento\nibidem decimo die Junii anno regni sexto decimo.\"\n\nThe expression \"celebris memori\u00e6\" might almost be held to indicate that\nJohn had lived to manhood, but is perhaps only a style of royalty;\nnevertheless, the passage altogether seems to lead to the inference,\nthat the person had at least survived the age of infancy. King Robert's\nbastard son, Sir Robert Bruce, had a grant of the lands of Finhaven, in\nthe neighbourhood of Rostinoth.[6]\n\nDE CAMERA.\n\n     [Footnote 6: Dr. Jamieson has a note on King David II.,\n     brother, in his edition, of Barbour's Bruce; but does not\n     quote the words of the charter so fully as they are here\n     given.--_The Bruce and Wallace_, 4to., Edin. 1820, vol. i. p.\n     485.]\n\n\n_Scott, Nelson's Secretary._--Can any of your readers give me\ninformation as to the pedigree and family of John Scott, Esq., public\nsecretary to Lord Nelson? He was killed at Trafalgar on board the\nVictory; and dying while his sons were yet very young, his descendants\npossess little knowledge on the subject to which I have alluded. He was,\nI _think_, born at Fochabers, near Gordon Castle, where his mother is\nknown to have died.\n\nA SUBSCRIBER.\n\n{332}\n_The Axe which beheaded Anne Boleyn._--A friend of mine has excited my\ncuriosity by stating, that in his school-boy readings of the history of\nEngland, he learned that the axe which deprived Henry VIII.'s second\nwife (Anne Boleyn) of her head was preserved as a relic in the Northgate\nStreet of Kent's ancient citie, Canterbury. I have written to friends\nliving in that locality for a confirmation of such a strange fact; but\nthey plead ignorance. Can any of your numerous readers throw any light\nrelative to this subject upon the benighted mind of\n\nPHILIP WEST.\n\n\n_Roger Outlawe._--A friend of mine in Germany has met with some ancient\nrolls, said to have been from the Irish Court of Common Pleas, chiefly\nof the time of Edward III., and headed thus:\n\n     \"Communia placita apud Dublin coram fratre Rogero Outlawe\n     priore hospitii sancti Johannis de Jerusalem in hibernia\n     tenens locum Johannis Darcy le Cosyn Justiciarii hiberni\u00e6 apud\n     Dublin die pasche in viiij mense anno B. Etii post ultimum\n     conquestum hiberni\u00e6 quarto.\"\n\nCan any person state who this _Roger Outlawe_ was? And is it not\nsingular that a prior of a religious and military establishment should\nbe qualified to sit as _locum tenens_ of a judge in a law court?\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nClyst St. George.\n\n\n\"_Berte au Grand Pied._\"--I should be glad to know what is the history\nor legend of the goose-footed queen, whose figure Mr. Laing, in his\n_Norway_, p. 70. 8vo. edition, says is on the portals of four French\ncathedrals.\n\nTHOS. LAWRENCE.\n\nAshby-de-la-Zouch.\n\n\n_Lying by the Walls._--What is the origin of the phrase \"Lying by the\nwalls,\" an euphemism for _dead_? It was very commonly used in this\ncounty some years ago. Instead of saying \"Poor M. or N. is _dead_,\" they\nalways said \"Poor M. or N. _lies by the walls_.\"\n\nR. P.\n\nSt. Ives, Hunts.\n\n\n_Constables of France_ (Vol. vi., pp. 128. 254.).--Has no person been\nappointed to fill that high office since the death of the Duc de Luynes,\nin 1621?\n\nA. S. A.\n\nWuzzeerabad.\n\n\n_St. John's Church, Shoreditch._--The church of St. John, within the\npriory of Holywell, Shoreditch, and the chapel adjoining it, built by\nSir Thomas Lovel, treasurer of the household to King Henry VII., knight\nof the most noble Order of the Garter, &c.\n\nIs there any better or other account of this priory, church, and chapel\nthan that given in the _Monasticon_? Judging by the statement copied by\nMr. Lysons from the original entry in the books of the College of Arms,\nthe chapel must have been a splendid building. Sir Thomas Lovel was\nburied there on the 8th June, 1525, \"in a tombe of whyte marbell which\nboth hit and the chappell were founded by hym, and it stondeth on the\nsouthe syde of the quyre of the saide churche.\" At his funeral there\nwere present the Bishop of London, Lord St. John, Sir Richard Wyngfield,\nand many others, nobles and gentlemen. The Abbot of Waltham, the Prior\nof St. Mary Spital, four orders of friars, the Mayor and all the\naldermen of London, the gentlemen of the Inns of Court, the Lord\nSteward, and all the clerks of London, &c., also attended. What a\ncontrast to the present condition of the place, now a scavenger's yard,\nonce the apparently last resting-place of the councillor of a mighty\nsovereign! \"They that did feed delicately, that were brought up in\nscarlet, embrace dunghills. The holy house where our fathers worshipped\nis laid waste.\"\n\nWARDEN S. HENDRY.\n\nP. S.--Part of the chapel is now to be found under the floor of the \"Old\nKing John,\" Holywell Lane. The stone doorway into the porter's lodge of\nthe priory still exists; but, from the accumulation of earth, the crown\nof the arch is six feet below the ground. I took a sketch of it, and\nsome other remains of the priory, also under ground, about ten years\nago.\n\nW. S. H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS.\n\n\n_Sir John Thompson._--What are the crest, arms, motto, and supporters of\nSir John Thompson, Bart., created Baron Haversham, of Haversham and\nNewport Pagnel, about the eighth year of William III.?\n\nR. P. D.\n\n     [Or, on a fesse indented az. three etoiles ar.; on a canton of\n     the second, a sun in his glory, ppr.--Crest, an arm, erect,\n     vested gu. cuff ar. holding in the hand ppr. five ears of\n     wheat or. Motto, \"In lumine luce.\"--Robson's _British Herald_,\n     vol. ii. _s. v._; and for the plate, vol. iii. pl. 50.]\n\n\n_Ring, the Marriage._--When and how did the use of the ring, in the\nmarriage ceremony, originate? Is it of Christian origin; or is it\nderived from the Jews, or from the Greeks or Romans?\n\nJONATHAN PIM.\n\n     [Brand quotes Vallancey and Leo Modena for the use of the\n     marriage ring among the Jews (_Popular Antiq._, vol. ii. p.\n     103. edit. 1849). Wheatly, however, has given the most\n     detailed account of its origin:--\"The reason,\" he says, \"why a\n     ring was pitched upon for the pledge rather than anything else\n     was, because anciently the ring was a _seal_, by which all\n     orders were signed, and things of value secured (Gen. xxxviii.\n     18., Esther iii. 10. 12., 1 Maccab. vi. 15.); and therefore\n     the delivery of it was a sign that the person to whom {333} it was\n     given was admitted into the highest friendship and trust (Gen.\n     xli. 42.). For which reason it was adopted as a ceremony in\n     marriage to denote that the wife, in consideration of her\n     being espoused to the man, was admitted as a sharer in her\n     husband's counsels, and a joint-partner in his honour and\n     estate: and therefore we find that not only the _ring_, but\n     the _keys_ also were in former times delivered to her at the\n     marriage. That the ring was in use among the old Romans, we\n     have several undoubted testimonies (Juvenal, _Sat._ vi. ver.\n     26, 27.; Plin. _Hist. Nat._, lib. iii. c. i.; Tertull.\n     _Apol._, c. vi. p. 7. A.). Pliny, indeed, tells us, that in\n     his time the Romans used an iron ring without any jewel; but\n     Tertullian hints, that in the former ages it was a ring of\n     gold.\"--_Rational Illustration of the Common Prayer_, p. 390.\n     edit. 1759.]\n\n\n_Amusive._--Is this word peculiar to Thomson, or is it made use of by\nother poets? Its meaning does not appear to be very definite. In the\n_Spring_ it is applied to the rooks, with their \"ceaseless caws\namusive;\" in the _Summer_ to the thistledown, which \"amusive floats;\"\nand in the _Autumn_, the theory of the supposed cause of mountain\nsprings is called an \"amusive dream.\" Thomson seems to have been partial\nto these kind of adjectives, \"effusive,\" \"diffusive,\" \"prelusive,\" &c.\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n     [A reference to Richardson's _Dictionary_ will show that,\n     however fond Thomson may have been of this word, it is not one\n     peculiar to him. Whitehead says:\n\n        \"To me 'twas given to wake _th' amusive_ reed,\"\n\n     and Chandler, in his _Travels in Greece_, speaks of the wind\n     \"murmuring _amusively_ among the pines.\"]\n\n\n_Belfry Towers separate from the Body of the Church._--At Mylor, near\nFalmouth, there is an old tower for the bells (where they are rung every\nSunday), separate from the church itself, which has a very low tower.\nAre there many other instances of this? I do not remember to have seen\nany.\n\nJ. S. A.\n\n     [If our correspondent will refer to the last edition of the\n     _Glossary of Architecture_, s. v. _Campanile_, he will learn\n     that though bell towers are generally attached to the church,\n     they are sometimes unconnected with it, as at Chichester\n     cathedral, and are sometimes united merely by a covered\n     passage, as at Lapworth, Warwickshire. There are several\n     examples of detached bell-towers still remaining, as at\n     Evesham, Worcestershire; Berkeley, Gloucestershire; Walton,\n     Norfolk; Ledbury, Herefordshire; and a very curious one\n     entirely of timber, with the frame for the bells springing\n     from the ground, at Pembridge, Herefordshire. At Salisbury a\n     fine early English detached campanile, 200 feet in height,\n     surmounted by a timber turret and spire, stood near the\n     north-west corner of the cathedral, but was destroyed by\n     Wyatt.]\n\n_An Easter-day Sun._--In that verse of Sir John Suckling's famous\n_Ballad upon a Wedding_, wherein occurs the simile of the \"little mice,\"\nwhat is the meaning of the allusion to the Easter-day sun?--\n\n    \"But oh! she dances such a way,\n     No sun upon an Easter-day\n           Is half so fine a sight!\"\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n     [It was formerly a common belief that the sun danced on\n     Easter-day: see Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, vol. i. p. 161.\n     _et seq._ So general was it, that Sir Thomas Browne treats on\n     it in his _Vulgar Errors_, vol. ii. p. 87. ed. Bohn.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\n\nHAMILTON QUERIES.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 285.)\n\nOn reference to the Peerages of Sir Harris Nicolas and Wood, I feel no\ndoubt that the father of Lord Spencer Hamilton, as TEE BEE remarks, was\nthe fifth Duke of Hamilton, and not the third, as Collins (edition\nBrydges) states, who misled me. Perhaps the perplexity, if any, arose\nfrom Anne Duchess of Hamilton, the inheritress of the ducal\nhonours by virtue of the patent of 1643, after the deaths of her father\nand uncle _s. p. m._, having obtained a _life dukedom_ for her husband,\nWilliam Earl of Selkirk, and, subsequently to his decease, having\nsurrendered all her titles in favour of their eldest son, James Earl of\nArran, who was in 1698 made Duke of Hamilton, with the same precedency\nof the original creation of 1643, as if he had succeeded thereto.\n\nSir William Hamilton, the ambassador, married first, Jan. 25, 1752, the\nonly child of Hugh Barlow, Esq., of Lawrenny in Pembrokeshire, with whom\nhe got a large estate: she died at Naples, Aug. 25, 1782, and was buried\nin Wales. His second lady was Emma Harte, a native of Hawarden in\nFlintshire; where her brother, then a bricklayer working for the late\nSir Stephen Glynne, was pointed out to me forty years ago. In Wood's\n_Peerage_ it is stated that Sir W. Hamilton's second marriage took place\nat London, Sept. 6, 1794: he died in April, 1803, and was buried in\nSlebech Church.\n\nI well remember Single-speech Hamilton, who was a fried of the family,\ndining with my father when I was a little boy; and I still retain the\nimpression of his having been a tall and thin old gentleman, very much\nout of health. He left a treatise called _Parliamentary Logick_,\npublished in 1808. The brief memoir of the author prefixed to the work,\nmakes no mention of him as a member of the House of Hamilton; but it is\nsaid that he derived his name of Gerard from his god-mother Elizabeth,\ndaughter of Digby, Lord Gerard of Bromley, widow of James, fourth Duke\nof Hamilton, who fell in the duel with Lord Mohun, which looks as if\nsome affinity was recognised. {334} The same authority tells us that\nWilliam Gerard Hamilton was the only child of a Scotch advocate, William\nHamilton, by Hannah Hay, one of the sisters of David Bruce, the\nAbyssinian traveller; and that he removed to London, and practised with\nsome reputation at the English bar. Mr. W. G. Hamilton died, unmarried,\nin July, 1796, \u00e6t. sixty-eight.\n\nBRAYBROOKE.\n\nTEE BEE has, by his Queries about Sir W. Hamilton, recalled some most\npainful reminiscences connected with our great naval hero. According to\nthe statement in the _New General Biographical Dictionary_, Sir William\nHamilton was married to _his first wife_ in the year 1755; but although\nit is asserted that she brought her husband 5000l. a-year, her name is\nnot given. She died in 1782, and in 1791 \"he married Emma Harte, the\nfascinating, mischievous, and worthless Lady Hamilton.\" Pettigrew, in\nhis _Memoirs of Nelson_, says, that this marriage took place at St.\nGeorge's, Hanover Square, _on the 6th of September_, 1791. TEE BEE will\nfind a full account of Lady H. in the above-mentioned work of Pettigrew.\n\nF. S. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE WOOD OF THE CROSS.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 177.)\n\nI never heard of our Lord's cross having been made of _elder_ wood. The\ncommon idea, legend, or tradition, that prevailed formerly was, that the\nupright beam of the cross was made of _cedar_, the cross-beam of\n_cypress_, the piece on which the inscription was written of _olive_,\nand the piece for the feet of palm.\n\nThe legend concerning the wood of the cross is very curious, and may be\nanalysed as follows:--When Adam fell sick, he sent his son Seth to the\ngate of the garden of Eden to beg of the angel some drops of the oil of\nmercy that distilled from the tree of life. The angel replied that none\ncould receive this favour till five thousand years had passed away. He\ngave him, however, a cutting from the tree, and it was planted upon\nAdam's grave. It grew into a tree with three branches. The rod of Moses\nwas afterwards cut from this tree. Solomon had it cut down to make of it\na pillar for his palace. The Queen of Sheba, when she went to visit\nSolomon, would not pass by it, as she said it would one day cause the\ndestruction of the Jews. Solomon then ordered it to be removed and\nburied. The spot where it was buried was afterwards dug for the pool of\nBethsaida, and the mysterious tree communicated the power of healing to\nthe waters. As the time of the Passion of Christ approached, the wood\nfloated on the surface of the water, and was taken for the upright beam\nof the cross. See this curious legend at greater length in the _Gospel\nof Nicodemus_; the _Legenda Aurea_ at the feasts of the Discovery and\nExaltation of the Cross; Curzon's _Monasteries of the Levant_, p. 163.;\nand Didron's _Iconography_, p. 367., Bohn's edition.\n\nI think, however, that I can explain the origin of the question put to\nRUBI by his poor parishioner as to the cross having been made of _elder_\nwood. His question may have sprung from a corruption of an old tradition\nor legend regarding not our Saviour, but Judas his betrayer. Judas is\nsaid to have hanged himself on an _elder_ tree. Sir John Maundeville, in\nhis description of Jerusalem, after speaking of the Pool of Siloe, adds,\n\n     \"And fast by is still the elder tree on which Judas hanged\n     himself for despair, when he sold and betrayed our Lord.\"--P.\n     175., Bohn's edit.\n\nTo return to the wood of the cross. In Sir John Maundeville's time a\nspot was pointed out at Jerusalem as the spot where the tree grew:\n\n     \"To the west of Jerusalem is a fair church, where the tree of\n     the cross grew.\"--P. 175.\n\nand he speaks of the wood of this tree as having once been used as a\nbridge over the brook Cedron (p. 176.). Henry Maundrell describes a\nGreek convent that he visited, about half an hour's distance from\nJerusalem:\n\n     \"That which most deserves to be noted in it, is the reason of\n     its name and foundation. It is because there is the earth that\n     nourished the root, that bore the tree, that yielded the\n     timber, that made the cross. Under the high altar you are\n     shown a hole in the ground where the stump of the tree\n     stood.\"--P. 462.\n\nThese are some of the legendary traditions regarding the history and\nsite of the wood of the cross, up to the time of the Passion of Christ.\n\nCEYREP.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nEDMUND CHALONER.\n\n(Vol. vi., p. 292.)\n\nI have been waiting for several months in expectation of seeing some\nsatisfactory reply to URSULA'S Query. It seems, however, that, in common\nwith myself, your numerous correspondents are quite at a nonplus. Wood,\nin his _Athen\u00e6 Oxoniensis_, vol. ii. p. 163., mentions this Edmund\nChaloner as being about nineteen (URSULA says twenty-one) years old at\nthe death of his father, James Chaloner, in 1660. Wood, Granger, as also\nBurke in his _Extinct Baronetage_, represent James as being the fourth\nson of Sir Thomas Chaloner of Gisborough, in the county of York, and\nthis appears to be the general impression as to his parentage. In a\n_History of Cheshire_, however, written, I believe, by Cowdray, and\npublished in 1791, the author claims him as a native of that county, and\nmakes him to be of much {335} humbler birth and descent than any of his\nother biographers. Hear him in his own words:\n\n     \"Our succeeding (Cheshire) collectors form a family harmonic\n     trio, a father, son, and grandson, of the surname of Chaloner,\n     and of the several Christian names, Thomas, Jacob, and\n     _James_. Thomas was an arms-painter in Chester about 1594; he\n     knew the value of learning sufficiently to give his son a\n     better education than he received himself. And this son\n     followed the same occupation in Chester, and made collections,\n     about the year 1620. But it was _James_, the grandson, who\n     reflected the greatest credit upon his family, by a very\n     concise, accurate, and sensible account of the Isle of Man,\n     printed at the end of King's _Vale Royal_, in 1656. He laid\n     the foundation of a learned education in our much honoured\n     college (Brazennoze); and when the parliament invested Lord\n     Fairfax with the Seignory of Man, he was one of his lordship's\n     three commissioners for settling the affairs of that island.\n     The antiquarian collections of all the three Chaloners are\n     valuable.\"\n\nWithout specially binding myself to either one of these conflicting\ntestimonies, I may be allowed to suggest that, apart from any proof to\nthe contrary, the inference that he was a native of Chester is a\nperfectly fair and legitimate one. His _Short Treatise of the Isle of\nMan_, which was the only work he ever sent to press, was printed at the\nend of that famous Cheshire work, the _Vale Royal of England_, in 1656,\nand was illustrated with engravings by Daniel King, the editor of that\nwork, himself a Cheshire man. Independent of this, his biographer Wood\ninforms us that he was \"a singular lover of antiquities,\" and that he\n\"made collections of arms, monuments, &c., in Staffordshire, Salop, and\n_Chester_,\" the which collections are now, I believe, in the British\nMuseum.* He made no collections for Yorkshire, nor yet for London, where\nhe is stated by Wood to have been born. One thing is certain, James\nChaloner of Chester was living at the time this treatise was written,\nand was, moreover, a famous antiquary, and a collector for this, his\nnative county; but whether he was, _de facto_, the regicide, or merely\nhis cotemporary, I leave it to older and wiser heads to determine.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\n     *[In the _Harleian Collection_, No. 1927., will be found \"A\n     paper Book in 8vo., wherein are contained, Poems, Impreses,\n     and other Collections in Prose and Verse; written by Thomas\n     Chaloner and Randle Holme, senior, both Armes-Painters in\n     Chester, with other Notes of less value.\"--ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\"ANYWHEN\" AND \"SELDOM-WHEN:\" UNOBSERVED INSTANCES OF SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF\nTHE LATTER.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 38.)\n\nMR. FRASER'S remark about the word _anywhen_ has brought to my mind two\npassages in Shakspeare which have been always hitherto rendered obscure\nby wrong printing and wrong pointing. The first occurs in _Measure for\nMeasure_, Act IV. Sc. 2., where the Duke says:\n\n    \"This is a gentle provost: _seldom-when_\n     The steeled gaoler is the friend of men.\"\n\nHere the compound word, signifying _rarely_, _not often_, has been\nalways printed as two words; and MR. COLLIER, following others,\nhas even placed a comma between _seldom_ and _when_.\n\nThe other passage occurs in the Second Part of _King Henry IV._, Act IV.\nSc. 4.; where Worcester endeavours to persuade the king that Prince\nHenry will leave his wild courses. King Henry replies:\n\n    \"'Tis _seldom-when_ the bee doth leave her comb\n      In the dead carrion.\"\n\nHere also the editors have always printed it as two words; and, as\nbefore, MR. COLLIER here repeats the comma.\n\nThat the word was current with our ancestors, is certain; and I have no\ndoubt that other instances of it may be found. We have a similar\ncompound in Chaucer's _Knight's Tale_, v. 7958.:\n\n    \"I me rejoyced of my lybert\u00e9,\n     That _selden-tyme_ is founde in mariage.\"\n\nPalsgrave, too, in his _Eclaircissement de la Langue Fran\u00e7oise_, 1530,\nhas--\n\n    \"_Seldom-what_, Gueres souvent.\"\n\n_Seldom-when_, as far as my experience goes, seems to have passed out of\nuse where archaisms still linger; but _anywhen_ may be heard any day and\nevery day in Surrey and Sussex. Those who would learn the _rationale_ of\nthese words will do well to consult Dr. Richardson's most excellent\n_Dictionary_, under the words AN, ANY, WHEN, and SELDOM.\n\nThis is at least a step towards MR. FRASER'S wish of seeing _anywhen_\nlegitimatised; for what superior claim had _seldom-when_ to be enshrined\nand immortalised in the pages of the poet of the world?\n\nS. W. SINGER.\n\nManor Place, South Lambeth.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHICHESTER: LAVANT.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 269.)\n\nYour correspondent C. affirms, as a mark of the Roman origin of\nChichester, that \"the little stream that runs through it is called the\nLavant, _evidently from lavando_!\" Now nobody, as old Camden says, \"has\ndoubted the _Romanity_ of Chichester;\" but I am quite sure that the\nmembers of the Arch\u00e6ological Institute (who meet next summer upon the\nbanks of this same _Lavant_) would decidedly demur to so singular a\nproof of it.\n\n{336}\nC. is informed that, in the fourth volume of the _Arch\u00e6ologia_, p. 27.,\nthere is a paper by the Hon. Daines Barrington, on the term _Lavant_,\nwhich, it appears, is commonly applied in Sussex to all brooks which are\ndry at some seasons, as is the case with the Chichester river.\n\n     \"From the same circumstance,\" it is added, \"the sands between\n     Conway and Beaumaris in Anglesey, are called the _Lavant\n     sands_, because they are dry when the tide ebbs; as are also\n     the sands which are passed at low water between Cartmell and\n     Lancaster, for the same reason.\"\n\nTo trace the origin of the term _Lavant_, we must, I conceive, go back\nto a period more remote than the Roman occupation; for that remarkable\npeople, who conquered the inhabitants of Britain, and partially\nsucceeded in imposing Roman appellations upon the greater towns and\ncities, never could change the aboriginal names of the rivers and\nmountains of the country. \"Our hills, forests, and rivers,\" says Bishop\nPercy, \"have generally retained their old Celtic names.\" I venture,\ntherefore, to suggest, that the British word for river, _Av_, or _Avon_,\nwhich seems to form the root of the word _Lavant_, may possibly be\nmodified in some way by the prefix, or postfix, so as to give, to the\ncompound word, the signification of an _intermittent_ stream.\n\nThe fact that, amidst all the changes which have passed over the face of\nour country, the primitive names of the grander features of nature still\nremain unaltered, is beautifully expressed by a great poet recently lost\nto us:\n\n                  \"Mark! how all things swerve\n    From their known course, or vanish like a dream;\n    Another language spreads from coast to coast;\n    Only, perchance, some melancholy stream,\n    And some indignant hills old names preserve,\n    When laws, and creeds, and people all are lost!\"\n                   Wordsworth's _Eccles. Sonnets_, xii.\n\nW. L. NICHOLS.\n\nBath.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSCARFS WORN BY CLERGYMEN.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 269.)\n\nThe mention of the distinction between the broad and narrow scarf,\nalluded to by me (Vol. vii., p. 215.), was made above thirty years ago,\nand in Ireland. I have a distinct recollection of the statement as to\nwhat _had_ been the practice, then going out of use. I am sorry that I\ncannot, in answer to C.'s inquiry, recollect who the person was who made\nit. Nor am I able to specify instances of the partial observance of the\ndistinction, as I had not till long after learned the wisdom of \"making\na note:\" but I had occasion to remark that dignitaries, &c. frequently\nwore wider scarfs than other clergymen (not however that the narrower\none was ever that slender strip so improperly and servilely adopted of\nlate from the corrupt custom of Rome, which has curtailed all\necclesiastical vestments); so that when the discussion upon this subject\nwas revived by others some years ago, it was one to which my mind had\nbeen long familiar, independently of any ritual authority.\n\nI hope C. will understand my real object in interfering in this subject.\nIt is solely that I may do a little (what others, I hope, can do more\neffectually) towards correcting the very injurious, and, I repeat,\ninadequate statement of the _Quart. Review_ for June, 1851, p. 222.\nHowever trifling the matter may be in itself, it is no trifling matter\nto involve a considerable portion of the clergy, and among them many who\nare most desirous to uphold both the letter and the spirit of the Church\nof England, and to resist all real innovation, in a charge of\nlawlessness. Before the episcopal authority, there so confidently\ninvoked, be interposed, let it be _proved_ that this is not a badge of\nthe clerical order, common to all the churches of Christendom, and\nactually recognised by the rules, in every respect so truly Catholic, of\nour own Church. The matter does not, I apprehend, admit of demonstration\none way or the other, at least till we have fresh evidence. But to me,\nas to many others, analogies seem all in favour of the scarf being such\na badge; and not only this, but the very regulation of our royal\necclesiastical authorities. The injunctions of Queen Elizabeth, in 1564,\nseem to mark the tippet as a distinction between clergymen and laymen,\nwho otherwise, in colleges and choirs at least, would have none. I also\nam strongly of opinion that the tippets mentioned in the 58th and 74th\nEnglish canons are the two scarfs referred to: the silken tippet (or\nbroad scarf) being for such priests or deacons as hold certain offices,\nor are M.A., LL.B., or of superior degree; the plain tippet (or narrow\nscarf) being for all ministers who are non-graduates (Bachelors of Arts\nwere not anciently considered as graduates, but rather as candidates for\na degree, as they are still styled in many places abroad); so that _all_\nin orders may have tippets. This notion is confirmed by the fact, that\nthe scarf was frequently called a _tippet_ in Ireland within memory. And\nin a letter, discussing this very subject, in the _Gentleman's Mag._\n(for 1818, part ii. p. 218.[7]), the testimony of one is given who had\nfor upwards of fifty years considered the two words as identical, and\nhad heard them in his youth used indiscriminately by aged clergymen. It\nis notorious that in Ireland, time out of mind, _tippets_ have been more\ngenerally worn than _hoods_ in parish churches there. I am not sure\n(though I lay no stress on the conjecture) whether this may not have\nbeen in {337} consequence of the option apparently given by the Canons\nof wearing _either_ hood or tippet.\n\nIt is not correct to restrict the _customary_ use of the scarf to\ndoctors, prebendaries, and chaplains. In some cathedrals the immemorial\ncustom has been to assign it to minor canons and clerical vicars also.\nAt Canterbury, indeed, the minor canons, except otherwise qualified, do\nnot wear it. (But is not this an exception? Was it always so? And, by\nthe way, can any cathedral member of old standing testify as to the\ncustomary distinction in his church between the two scarfs, either as to\nsize or materials?) The very general use of it in towns cannot be\ndenied.\n\nI may add, that Bishop Jebb used to disapprove of its disuse by country\nclergymen. In his Charge he requests that \"all beneficed clergymen\" of\nhis diocese \"who are _Masters of Arts_, or of any superior degree, and\nwho by chaplaincies or otherwise are entitled to the distinction, may\nwith their surplices wear scarfs or _tippets_.\" This apparently was his\nconstruction of the Canons.\n\nJOHN JEBB.\n\n     [Footnote 7: See also p. 315.; and 1819, part i. p. 593.]\n\nThe narrow scarf, called the stole or orarium, is one of the most\nancient vestments used by the Christian clergy, representing in its\nmystical signification the yoke of Christ. Though it may be true that\nits use is not enjoined by any modern rubric or canon, custom, I think,\nfully warrants the clergy in wearing it. What other sanction than custom\nis there for the use of bands?\n\nE. H. A.\n\nA great deal of very interesting matter bearing upon this question, both\nin an ecclesiastical and antiquarian point of view, though no definite\nconclusion is arrived at, will be found in a pamphlet by G. A. French,\nentitled _The Tippets of the Canons Ecclesiastical_.\n\nAN OXFORD B.C.L.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nINSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 127.)\n\nThe following were lines much used when I was at school, and I believe\nare still so now:\n\n    \"This book is mine\n     By right divine;\n     And if it go astray,\n     I'll call you kind\n     My desk to find\n     And put it safe away.\"\n\nAnother inscription of a menacing kind was,--\n\n    \"This book is one thing,\n     My fist is another;\n     Touch this one thing,\n     You'll sure feel the other.\"\n\nA friend was telling me of one of these morsels, which, considering the\ncircumstances, might be said to have been \"insult added to injury;\" for\nhappening one day in church to have a book alight on his head from the\ngallery above, on opening it to discover its owner, he found the\nfollowing positive sentence:\n\n    \"This book doant blong to you,\n     So puttem doon.\"\n\nRUSSELL GOLE.\n\nThe following salutary advice to book-borrowers might suitably take its\nposition in the collection already alluded to in \"N. & Q.\":\n\n    \"Neither blemish this book, or the leaves double down,\n     Nor lend it to each idle friend in the town;\n     Return it when read; or if lost, please supply\n     Another as good, to the mind and the eye.\n     With right and with reason you need but be friends,\n     And each book in my study your pleasure attends.\"\n\nO. P.\n\nBirmingham.\n\nIs not this curious warning worthy of preservation in your columns? It\nis copied from a black-letter label pasted to the inside of an old book\ncover:\n\n    \"Steal not this booke, my honest friende,\n     For fear ye gallows be ye ende;\n     For if you doe, the Lord will say,\n     'Where is that booke you stole away?'\"\n\nJ. C.\n\nTo the collection of inscriptions in books commenced by\nBALLIOLENSIS, allow me to add the following:\n\n    \"Hic liber est meus,\n     Testis et est Deus;\n     Si quis me qu\u00e6rit,\n     Hic nomen erit.\"\n\nIn French books I have seen more than once,--\n\n    \"Ne me prend pas;\n     On te pendra.\"\n\nAn on the fly-leaf of a Bible,--\n\n    \"Could we with ink the ocean fill,\n     Were ev'ry stalk on earth a quill,\n     And were the skies of parchment made,\n     And ev'ry man a scribe by trade,\n       To tell the love of God alone\n         Would drain the ocean dry.\n       Nor could the scroll contain the whole,\n         Though stretch'd from sky to sky.\"\n\nGEORGE S. MASTER.\n\nWelsh-Hampton, Salop.\n\nI beg to subjoin a few I have met with. Some monastic library had the\nfollowing in or over its books:\n\n    \"Tolle, aperi, recita, ne l\u00e6das, claude, repone.\"\n\nThe learned Grotius put in all his books,--\n\n    \"Hugonis Grotii et amicorum.\"\n\n{338}\nIn an old volume I found the following:\n\n    \"Hujus si qu\u00e6ris dominum cognoscere libri,\n     Nomen subscriptum perlege qu\u00e6so meum.\"\n\nPHILOBIBLION.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.\n\n\n_Head-rests._--The difficulty I have experienced in getting my children\nto sit for their portraits in a steady position, with the ordinary\nhead-rests, has led me to design one which I think may serve others as\nwell as myself; and I therefore will describe it as well as I can\nwithout diagrams, for the benefit of the readers of \"N. & Q.\" It is\nfixed to the ordinary shifting upright piece of wood which in the\nordinary rest carries the semicircular brass against which the head\nrests. It is simply a large oval ring of brass, about an inch and a half\nbroad, and sloping inwards, which of the following size I find fits the\nback of the head of all persons from young children upwards:--five\ninches in the highest part in front, and about four inches at the back.\nIt must be lined with velvet, or thin vulcanised India rubber, which is\nmuch better, repelling grease, and fitting quite close to the ring. This\nis carried forward by a piece of semicircular brass, like the usual\nrest, and fixes with a screw as usual. About half the height of the ring\nis a steel clip at each side, like those on spectacles, but much\nstronger, about half an inch broad, which moving on a screw or rivet,\nafter the sitter's head is placed in the ring, are drawn down, so as to\nclip the head just above the ears. A diagram would explain the whole,\nwhich has, at any rate, simplicity in its favour. I find it admirable.\nLadies' hair passing through the ring does not prevent steadiness, and\nwith children the steel clips are perfect. I shall be happy to send a\nrough diagram to any one, manufacturers or amateurs.\n\nJ. L. SISSON.\n\nEdingthorpe Rectory.\n\n\n_Sir W. Newton's Explanations of his Process._--In reply to MR. JOHN\nSTEWART'S Queries, I beg to state,\n\nFirst, That I have hitherto used a paper made by Whatman in 1847, of\nwhich I have a large quantity; it is not, however, to be procured now,\nso that I do not know what paper to recommend; but I get a very good\npaper at Woolley's, Holborn, opposite to Southampton Street, for\npositives, at two shillings a quire, and, indeed, it might do for\nnegatives.\n\nSecondly, I prefer making the iodide of silver in the way which I have\ndescribed.\n\nThirdly, Soft water is better for washing the iodized paper; if,\nhowever, spring water be made use of, _warm_ water should be added, to\nraise it to a temperature of sixty degrees. I think that sulphate or\nbicarbonate of lime would be injurious, but I cannot speak with any\ncertainty in this respect, or to muriate of soda.\n\nFourthly, The iodized paper should keep good for a year, or longer; but\nit is always safer not to make more than is likely to be used during the\nseason.\n\nFifthly, If I am going out for a day, I generally excite the paper\neither the last thing the night before, or early the following morning,\nand develope them the same night; but with care the paper will keep for\ntwo or three days (if the weather is not hot) before exposure, but of\ncourse it is always better to use it during the same day.\n\nWM. J. NEWTON.\n\n6. Argyle Street.\n\n\n_Talc for Collodion Pictures._--Should any of your photographic friends\nwish to transmit collodion pictures through the post, I would suggest\nthat thin plates of talc be used instead of glass for supporting the\nfilm; I find this substance well suited to the purpose. One of the many\nadvantages of its use (though I fear not to be appreciated by your\narch\u00e6ological and antiquarian section) is, that portraits, &c., taken\nupon talc can be cut to any shape with the greatest ease, shall I say\nsuitable for a locket or brooch?\n\nW. P.\n\nHeadingley, Leeds.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.\n\n\n_Portrait of the Duke of Gloucester_ (Vol. vii., p. 258.).--I beg to\ninform MR. WAY that he will find an engraving of \"The most hopefull and\nhighborn Prince, Henry Duke of Gloucester, who was borne at Oatlandes\nthe eight of July, anno 1640: sould by Thos. Jenner at the South entry\nof the Exchange,\" in a very rare pamphlet, entitled:\n\n     \"The Trve Effigies of our most Illustrious Soveraigne Lord,\n     King Charles, Queene Mary, with the rest of the Royall\n     Progenie: also a Compendium or Abstract of their most famous\n     Genealogies and Pedegrees expressed in Prose and Verse: with\n     the Times and Places of their Births. Printed at London for\n     John Sweeting, at the Signe of the Angell, in Pope's Head\n     Alley, 1641, 4to.\"\n\nFor Henry Duke of Gloucester, see p. 16.:\n\n    \"What doth Kingdomes happifie\n     But a blesst Posteritie?\n     This, this Realme, Earth's Goshen faire,\n     Europe's Garden, makes most rare,\n     Whose most royall Princely stemme\n     (To adorne theire Diadem)\n     Two sweet May-flowers did produce,\n     Sprung from Rose and Flower-de-Luce.\"\n\n[Greek: Phi].\n\nRichmond, Surrey.\n\n\n_Key to Dibdin's \"Bibliomania_\" (Vol. vii., p. 151.).--There are some\ninaccuracies in the list of names {339} furnished by W. P., which may\nbe corrected on the best authority, namely, that of Dr. Dibdin himself,\nas put forth in his \"new and improved edition\" of the _Bibliomania_,\nwith a supplement, \"including a key to the assumed characters in the\ndrama,\" 8vo., 1842. According to this supplement we are to interpret as\nfollows:\n\n    Alfonso       Mr. Morell.\n    Gonzalo       Mr. Jessop.\n    Narcottus     William Templeman, Esq., of Hare Hatch, Berkshire.\n    Nicas         Mr. Shaclewell.\n    Philemon      Mr. Jacobs?\n    Pontevallo    John Dent, Esq.\n\nA complete \"key\" is not furnished; but there is reason, I think, to\ndoubt a few of the other names in W. P.'s list. Moreover, in the edition\nof 1842, several other pseudonymes are introduced, which do not appear\nin the list; namely, that of Florizel, for Joseph Haslewood; Antigonus;\nBaptista; Camillo; Dion; Ferdinand; Gonsalvo; Marcus; and Philander;\nrespecting whom some of your readers may possibly enlighten us further.\nAs to the more obvious characters of Atticus, Prospero, &c., see the\n_Literary Reminiscences_, vol. i. p. 294.\n\n[Greek: Mu].\n\n\n_High Spirits a Presage of Evil_ (\"N. & Q.\" _passim_).--In a case lately\ndetailed in the newspapers, a circumstance is mentioned which appears to\nme to come under the above heading.\n\nIn the inquiry at the coroner's inquest, on Feb. 10, 1853, concerning\nthe death of Eliza Lee, who was supposed to have been murdered by being\nthrown into the Regent's Canal, on the evening of the 31st of January,\nby her paramour, Thomas Mackett,--one of the witnesses, Sarah Hermitage,\nhaving deposed that the deceased left her house in company with the\naccused at a quarter-past ten o'clock in the evening of the 31st, said\nas follows:\n\n     \"Deceased appeared in particularly good spirits, and wanted to\n     sing. Witness's husband objected; but she would insist upon\n     having her way, and she sang 'I've wander'd by the\n     Brook-side.'\"\n\nThe deceased met with her death within half an hour after this.\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE.\n\n\n_Hogarth's Works._--Observing an inquiry made in Vol. vii., p. 181. of\n\"N. & Q.\" about a picture described in Mrs. Hogarth's sale catalogue of\nher husband's effects in 1790, made by Mr. Haggard, I am induced to ask\nwhether a copy of the catalogue, as far as it relates to the pictures,\nwould not be a valuable article for your curious miscellany? It appears\nfrom all the lives of Hogarth, that he early in life painted small\nfamily portraits, which were then well esteemed. Are any of them known,\nand where are they to be seen? Were they mere portraits, or full-length?\nAre any of them engraved? I had once a picture, of about that date,\nwhich represented a large house with a court-yard, and a long garden\nwall, with a road and iron gate, something like the old wall and road of\nKensington Gardens, with the master, mistress, and dog walking in front\nof the house, and evidently portraits. I always suspected it might be by\nHogarth; but I am very sorry to say I parted with it at auction for a\nfew shillings. It was (say) two feet square: the figures were about four\ninches in height, and dressed in the then fashion. I would further ask\nif any oil painting or sketches are known of the minor engravings, such\nas \"The Laughing Audience,\" \"The Lecture,\" \"The Doctors,\" &c.?\n\nAN AMATEUR.\n\n\n_Town Plough_ (Vol. vi., p. 462.; Vol. vii., p. 129.).--In Vol vi., p.\n462., GASTRON notices the Town Plough; and it is again noticed by S. S.\nS. (Vol. vii., p. 129.) as never having been seen by him mentioned in\nancient churchwardens' accounts.\n\nNot ten years since there was in the belfry of Caston Church,\nNorthamptonshire, a large clumsy-looking instrument, the use of which\nwas not apparent at first sight, being a number of rough pieces of\ntimber, put together as roughly. On nearer inspection, however, it\nturned out to be a plough, worm-eaten and decayed, I should think at\nleast three times as large and heavy as the common ploughs of the time\nwhen I saw the one in question. I have often wondered at the rudeness\nand apparent antiquity of that plough, and whether on \"Plough Monday\" it\nhad ever made the circuit of the village to assist in levying\ncontributions.\n\nI have only for a week or two been in the possession of \"N. & Q.\" when\nhaving accidentally, and for the first time, met with the Number for\nthat week, I could not resist the temptation of becoming the owner of\nthe complete series. Under these circumstances, you will excuse me if I\nam asking a question which may have been answered long since. What is\nthe origin of Plough Monday? May there not be some connexion with the\nTown Plough? and that the custom, which was common when I was a boy, of\ngoing round for contributions on that day, may not have originated in\ncollecting funds for the keeping in order, and purchasing, if necessary,\nthe Town Plough?\n\nBRICK.\n\n\n_Shoreditch Cross and the painted Window in Shoreditch Church_ (Vol.\nvii., p. 38.).--I beg to acquaint your correspondent J. W. B. that\nalthough I had long searched for an engraving of Shoreditch Cross, my\nlabour was lost. The nearest approach to it will be found in a modern\ncopy of a plan of London, taken in the time of Elizabeth, in which its\nposition is denoted to be on the west side of Kingsland Road; but, from\nrecords to {340} which I have access, I believe that the cross stood on\nthe opposite side, between the pump and the house of Dr. Burchell. Most\nlikely its remains were demolished when the two redoubts were erected at\nthe London ends of Kingsland and Hackney Roads, to fortify the entrance\nto the City, in the year 1642.\n\nThe best accounts that I have seen of the painted window are in Dr.\nDenne's _Register of Benefactions_ to the parish, compiled in 1745, and\nprinted in 1778; and Dr. Hughson's _History of London_, vol. iv. pp.\n436, 437.\n\nHENRY EDWARDS.\n\n\n_Race for Canterbury_ (Vol. vii., pp. 219. 268.).--It is probable that\nthe lines\n\n    \"The man whose place they thought to take,\n     Is still alive, and still _a Wake_,\"\n\nare erroneously _written_ on the print referred to; but I have no doubt\nof having seen a print of which (with the variation of \"ye think\" for\n\"they thought\") is the genuine engraved motto.\n\nB. C.\n\n\n_Lady High Sheriff_ (Vol. vii., p. 236.).--There is a passage in\nWarton's _History of English Poetry_ (Vol. i. p. 194., Tegg's edition)\nwhich will in part answer the Query of your correspondent W. M. It is in\nthe form of a note, appended to the following lines from the metrical\nromance of _Ipomydon_:\n\n    \"They come to the castelle yate\n     The porter was redy there at,\n     The porter to theyme they gan calle,\n     And prayd hym go in to the halle,\n     And say thy lady gent and fre,\n     That comen ar men of ferre contr\u00e8,\n     And if it plese hyr, we wolle hyr pray,\n     That we myght ete with hyr to-day.\"\n\nOn this passage Warton remarks:\n\n     \"She was lady, by inheritance, of the signory. The female\n     feudatories exercised all the duties and honours of their\n     feudal jurisdiction in person. In Spenser, where we read of\n     the _Lady of the Castle_, we are to understand such a\n     character. See a story of a _Comtesse_, who entertains a\n     knight in her castle with much gallantry. (_M\u00e9m. sur l'Anc.\n     Chev._, ii. 69.) It is well known that anciently in England\n     ladies were sheriffs of counties.\"\n\nTo this note of Warton's, Park adds another, which I also give as being\nmore conclusive on the subject. It is as follow:\n\n     [\"Margaret, Countess of Richmond, was a justice of peace. Sir\n     W. Dugdale tells us that Ela, widow of William, Earl of\n     Salisbury, executed the sheriff's office for the county of\n     Wilts, in different parts of the reign of Henry III. (See\n     _Baronage_, vol. i. p. 177.) From Fuller's _Worthies_ we find\n     that Elizabeth, widow of Thomas Lord Clifford, was sheriffess\n     of Westmoreland for many years; and from Pennant's _Scottish\n     Tour_ we learn that for the same county Anne, the celebrated\n     Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, often sat in\n     person as sheriffess. Yet Riston doubted of facts to\n     substantiate Mr. Warton's assertion. See his Obs. p. 10., and\n     reply in the _Gent. Mag. 1782_, p. 573.--PARK.\"]\n\nT. C. S.\n\nI can answer part of W. M.'s Query, by a reference to a personage who\ncould not have been very far from being the first instance of the kind\n(Query, was she?).\n\n     \"About this time (1202) Gerard de Camville, his old and\n     faithful adherent, was restored by John to the possession of\n     the honours of which he had been deprived by King Richard; and\n     it is a remarkable circumstance that, on the death of the said\n     Gerard, in the eighteenth year of the king's reign, his widow,\n     Nichola Camville (who is described by an ancient historian as\n     being 'a martial woman of great courage and address') had the\n     sheriffalty of the county of Lincoln committed to her; which\n     honourable and important trust was continued to her by a grant\n     of Henry III.,\" &c.\n\nThe above quotation is taken from Bailey's _Annals of Nottinghamshire_,\nnow publishing in Numbers (Part III. p. 107.). Should I be wrong in\nasking correspondents to contribute towards a list of ladies holding the\nabove honorable post?\n\nFURVUS.\n\nSt. James's.\n\n\n_Burial of an unclaimed Corpse_ (Vol. vii., p. 262.).--E. G. R.'s\nquestion is easily answered. The parish of Keswick proved that some\nyears before they had buried a body found on a piece of land. This was\nevidence of reputation that at the time of the burial the land was in\nKeswick, otherwise the parishioners would not have taken on themselves\nthis work of uncalled-for benevolence. The fact of their having incurred\nan expense, which, unless the land was in their parish, would have been\nthe burden of Markshall, satisfied the commissioner that the land must\nhave belonged to Keswick. I have no doubt this was the reason, though I\nnever heard of the question in connexion with Keswick and Markshall.\nBattersea Rise, I heard when a boy, had formerly belonged to Clapham,\nand been given to Battersea for the same reason as E. G. R. states to\nhave been the cause of Markshall losing its territory to Keswick.\n\nJ. H. L.\n\n\n_Surname of Allan_ (Vol. vii., p. 205.).--I think A. S. A. will find\nthat this name was introduced into Britain from Normandy. It occurs in\nearly Norman times as a personal name, and afterwards as a patronymic.\nThus Alan, the son of Flathald, who had the castle of Oswestry granted\nhim by the Conqueror, had a son, William Fitz-Alan, ancestor of the\ngreat baronial house of Arundel. In the _Hundred Rolls_, temp. Edward\nI., it is very common under the orthographies of _fil. Alan_, {341}\n_fil. Alain_, _Alayn_, _Aleyn_, _Aleyne_, _Aleynes_, _Aleynys_, &c.\nAllen has always remained a baptismal name, and hence it is probable\nthat there is no more affinity between the numerous families now bearing\nit as a surname, than between the various Thompsons, Williamses, and\nothers of this class. The MacAllans of Scotland may have a separate\nCeltic source, though it is far likelier that this name (like MacEdward,\nMacGeorge, and numerous others) is the English appellative with the\npatronymic Mac prefixed.\n\nMARK ANTONY LOWER.\n\nLewes.\n\n\n_The Patronymic Mac_ (Vol. vii., p. 202.).--The present Earl of Stair\nhas collected and printed, under the title of _Almacks Extraordinary_, a\nlist of seven hundred Scotch and Irish surnames with the prefix \"Mac;\"\nand a highly esteemed correspondent promises me a _supplementary_ list\nof \"a few hundreds\" of such appellatives, which must therefore be in the\naggregate upwards of a thousand in number. I hope to include all these\nin my forthcoming _Dictionary of British Surnames_.\n\nMARK ANTONY LOWER.\n\nLewes.\n\n\n_Cibber's \"Lives of the Poets_\" (Vol. v., p. 25.).--When MR. CROSSLEY\ninserted in your pages, at great length, the _original_\nprospectus of Cibber's _Lives_, he was not aware that it had been\n_reprinted_ before. Such, however, is the case, as may be seen by\nturning to the sixth volume of Sir Egerton Brydges' _Censura Literaria_,\ned. 1808, p. 352. It was communicated to the columns of that work by\nthat diligent antiquary in literary matters, Joseph Haslewood.\nMR. CROSSLEY says, \"It is rather extraordinary that none of Dr.\nJohnson's biographers appear to have been aware that the prospectus of\nCibber's _Lives_ was furnished by Johnson.\" Where is there the slightest\n_proof_ that Johnson wrote one line of it? Haslewood believed it to have\nbeen the production of Messrs. Cibber and Shiels. Does MR. CROSSLEY\nground his claim for Johnson merely upon a fancied\nresemblance in _style_?\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n\n_Parallel Passages, No. 2.--Stars and Flowers_ (Vol. vii., p.\n151.).--Other parallels on this subject are given in \"N. & Q.\" (Vol.\niv., p. 22.), to which may be added the following:\n\n    \"Silently, one by one, on the infinite meadows of heaven,\n     Blossom'd the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels.\"\n            Longfellow's _Evangeline_, Part I. iii. p. 187. of\n            the Liverpool edition.\n\nZEUS.\n\n\n_Schomberg's Epitaph_ (Vol. vii., p. 13.).--I find this entry in my\nnote-book:--The following inscription is written on a black slab of\nmarble, affixed to the wall of the choir of St. Patrick's Cathedral. The\nremains of the duke were removed to this cathedral immediately after the\nbattle of the Boyne; and on the 10th July, 1690, they were deposited\nunder the altar. The relatives of this great man having neglected to\nraise any monument to his memory, Dean Swift undertook and caused the\nabove slab to be erected, having first vainly applied to the connexions\nof the deceased. His sword is in the possession of the society of the\n\"Friendly Brothers,\" Dublin.\n\nThe following is the inscription on the slab:\n\n     \"Hic infra situm est corpus Frederici Ducis de Schonberg ad\n     Bubindam occisi A.D. 1690. Decanus et Capitulum\n     maximopere etiam atque etiam petierunt, ut h\u00e6redes Ducis,\n     monumentum in memoriam parentis erigendum curarent. Sed\n     postquam per epistolas, per amicos, diu ac s\u00e6pe orando nil\n     profecere, hunc demum lapidem statuerunt; saltem ut scias\n     hospes ubinam terrarum Schonbergenses cineres delitescunt.\n\n     \"Plus potuit fama virtutis apud alienos quam sanguinis\n     proximitas apud suos, A.D. 1731.\"\n\nCLERICUS (D.)\n\nDublin.\n\n\n_Pilgrimages to the Holy Land_ (Vol. v., p. 289.).--There is still\nanother book to be added to the curious list of old pilgrimages to the\nHoly Land, furnished by your correspondent PEREGRINE A. I derive my\nknowledge of it from Brunet's _Manuel_, sub voce CAPODILISTA (GABRIELE),\nwhere it is described as follows:\n\n     \"Itinerario di Terra Santa, e del Monte Sinai.\" (Without date\n     or printer) 4to.\n\nIt is a journal of a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, made in the year 1458\nby a Padua nobleman, accompanied by a relative, Antonio Capodilista, a\ncanon of the same place, and several other noble personages. It is one\nof the earliest productions of the press at Perugia, and the date\nassigned to it by M. Brunet is 1472, but by Vermiglioli 1473 or 1474.\nThe latter authority, in his _Principi della Stampa in Perugia_, calls\nit \"Veramente un prezioso cimelio di tipografia e bibliografia.\" I am\nanxious to know where a copy of this very rare work is deposited, as I\nhave been told that there is none at the British Museum.\n\nW. M. R. E.\n\n\n_Album_ (Vol. vii., p. 235.).--The origin and the earliest notice of\nthis kind of friendly memorial book is to be traced to the registers of\nthe deceased that were formerly kept in every church and monastery. Such\na book was called the _album_, _i. e._ the blank book, in which the\nnames of the friends and benefactors to the church or monastery were\nrecorded, that they might be prayed for at their decease, and on their\nanniversaries. The earliest writer belonging to this country who uses\nthe word is the Venerable Beda, who in his {342} preface to his prose\nlife of St. Cuthbert, written previous to the year 721, reminds Bishop\nEadfrith that his name was registered in the album at Lindisfarne, \"in\nalbo vestr\u00e6 sanct\u00e6 congregationis.\" (_Bed\u00e6 Opera Minora_, p. 47., ed.\nStevenson.) Elsewhere Beda calls this book \"the annal\" (_Hist. Eccles._,\nlib. iv. c. 14.). At a later period it was called, both in England and\nabroad, the _Liber Vit\u00e6, or Book of Life_, a name borrowed from St. Paul\n(Philippians, iv. 3.).\n\nThe earliest specimen of an English album, and perhaps the most elegant\none that this or any other country ever produced, may be seen in the\nBritish Museum (_Cotton MSS._, Domitian VII.). It is the Album, or Book\nof Life, of the monastery of Durham. Nor need we add that this album\naffords a relief to the eye wearied with looking over the pages of a\nmodern album, and to the mind sick of the endless but monotonous\nrepetition of imaginary ruins, love sonnets, and moss roses.\n\nCEYREP.\n\n\n_Gesmas and Desmas_ (Vol. vii., p. 238.).--For the information of your\ncorrespondent A. B. R., I copy the passage referred to by you in the\ndisputed Gospel of Nicodemus, formerly called the Acts of Pontius\nPilate. The extract is from an English version, printed for William\nHone, Ludgate Hill, 1820:\n\n     \"But one of the two thieves who were crucified with Jesus,\n     whose name was _Gestas_, said to Jesus, If thou art the\n     Christ, deliver thyself and us.\"--vii. 10.\n\n     \"But the thief who was crucified on his right hand, whose name\n     was _Dimas_, answering, rebuked him, and said, Dost not thou\n     fear God, who art condemned to this punishment? We indeed\n     receive rightly and justly the demerit of our actions; but\n     this Jesus, what evil hath he done?\"--vi. 11.\n\n     \"After this, groaning, he said to Jesus, Lord, remember me\n     when Thou comest into Thy kingdom.\"--vi. 12.\n\nIt thus appears the names have been differently received: here they\nappear GESTAS the _im_penitent, and DIMAS the penitent.\n\nI have a fine old engraving, nineteen inches by fourteen, bearing date\n\"Greg. Huret, Lugd. inv. et sculp. 1664;\" published in Paris, _cum priv.\nRegis_.\n\nThe three crosses, with their inscriptions (each in Hebrew, Greek, and\nLatin), appear.\n\nThe Latin on the cross of the thief on the right hand of our Lord (and,\nfrom the expression of countenance, confessed the penitent) is\n_DISMAS_ LATRO: the other is _GESTAS_ LATRO.\n\nW. C. H.\n\nChelsea.\n\n\n\"_Quod fuit esse_\" (Vol. vii., p. 235.).--Allow me to suggest the\nfollowing meaning of the epitaph in Lavenham churchyard, which is the\nsubject of A. B. R.'s Query. The word _est_ has evidently been omitted\nin the third line: with this restored, the lines will read as a couple\nof hexameters:\n\n    \"Quod fuit esse, quod est; quod non fuit esse, quod esse;\n     Esse quod (est), non esse; quod est, non est, erit, esse.\"\n\nAnd the literal meaning, will be: \"What was existence, is that which\nlies here; that which was not existence, is that which is existence; to\nbe what is now, is not to be; that which is now, is not existence, but\nwill be hereafter.\"\n\nThis, perhaps, is as enigmatical as the original: but the following\nlines will render the meaning plainer, though it is difficult to\npreserve the brevity of the Latin in an English version:\n\n    All that I really was lies here in dust;\n    That which was death before is life, I trust.\n    To be what _is_, is not, I ween, to _be_;\n    _Is_ not, but _will be_ in eternity.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\nI think your correspondent A. B. R. is not quite correct in his version\nof the epitaph of which he inquires the sense. It is evidently intended\nfor two hexameter verses, and, as I have heard it, runs thus:\n\n    \"Quod fuit esse, quod est; quod non fuit esse, quod esse;\n     Esse quod est, non esse; quod est, non est, erit, esse.\"\n\nI inclose a similar epitaph in another churchyard (the _locale_ of which\nI do not know), which may serve to elucidate its meaning:\n\n    \"That which a Being was, what is it? show:\n     That being which it was, it is not now.\n     To be what 'tis is not to be, you see;\n     That which now is not shall a Being be.\"\n\nQ. S.\n\n\n_Straw Bail_ (Vol. vii., p. 85.).--In connexion with, though not as a\nreply to, MR. CURTIS'S Query touching the origin of the expression \"A\nman of straw,\" I beg to bring under notice a phrase I heard for the\nfirst time a few days ago, but which may nevertheless be well known to\nothers. A seaman, talking to me of a strike for wages among the crew of\na ship, said that the captain, as the rate of wages had not been raised,\nhad manned his ship with a \"lot of straw-yarders.\" On my asking the\nmeaning of the expression, I was told that a \"straw-yarder\" was a man\nabout the docks who had never been to sea, and knew little or nothing of\nthe duties of a seaman.\n\nBRUTONIENSIS.\n\n\n_Pearl_ (Vol. vi., p. 578.; Vol. vii., pp. 18. 166.).--In the Old\nGerman, _merikrioz_ is pearl; and in the Ang.-Sax. it is\n_meregreot_,--the latter from _mere_, sea, and _greot_, grit, sand, or\n_grot_, an {343} atom. These are so similar to the Greek _margaritas_,\nand the _margarita_ of the sister language (Latin), that we may be\nexcused believing they have a common origin; more especially as we find\nthe first syllable (at least?) in almost all the cognate Indo-Germanic\nor Indo-European languages: Latin, _mare_; Celt., _mor_; Gothic,\n_marei_; Sax., _m\u00e6re_ or _mere_; Old Germ., _meri_; Slavon., _more_ and\n_morze_; Swed., _mar_; Iceland, _mar_; Esthon., _merri_; Lett.,\n_marrios_.\n\nAmong modern languages, we have,--Span., _margarita_; Ital., _margarita_\nand _maugherita_; Fr., _marguerite_, but used only in the proverb, \"Il\nne faut pas jeter les marguerites devant les pourceaux.\" Johnson,\nWebster, and Halliwell give _margarite_ as an English word. Probably all\nderived from the Latin.\n\nAt the same time, although not occurring (as far as I am aware) in\neither Greek or Latin, the word _pearl_ is found in some shape in most\nof the same Indo-Germanic languages: thus, Ital. and Span., _perla_;\nLow. Lat., _perla_; French, _perle_; Eng., _pearl_; Dan., _paarl_;\nSwed., _perla_ or _p[)a]rla_; Bohem., _perle_; Ang.-Sax., _pearl_ and\n_p\u00e6rl_; Low. Sax., _berel_. Webster says the word _pearl_ may be\nradically the same as _beryl_. In the Celtic we find, Irish, _pearla_,\nand Welsh _perlyn_.\n\nThe Germans derive _pearl_ from _beer_, a berry, making thus _berle_ or\n_beerlein_; as in Latin _bacca_ also means a pearl.\n\nSome of your correspondents can, no doubt, inform us whether any\nanalogous words to _pearl_ and _margarita_ exist in the Sanscrit?\n\nA. C. M.\n\nExeter.\n\n\n_Sermons by Parliamentary Chaplains_ (Vol. vii., p. 34.).--On the day of\nThanksgiving, 19th July, 1648, Mr. Obadiah Sedgwick was ordered to\npreach before the House, and his sermon to be printed. Where can a copy\nof it be seen?\n\nJOSEPH RIX.\n\nSt. Neot's.\n\n\n_Etymological Traces of the Social Position of our Ancestors_ (Vol.\nvii., pp. 13, 14.).--Your correspondent may find the passage to which he\nwishes to refer again, in one of the back volumes of Dickens's\n_Household Words_, in an article with the title of \"History in Words.\"\n\nAnother correspondent, in the succeeding page of the same Number, will\nobtain the information he requires by consulting Dunlop's _History of\nFiction_.\n\nW. L. N.\n\n\n_Tuebeuf_ (Vol. vii., p. 207.).--J. E. J. will find Tuboeuf is a town\nin France, in the department of Mayenne. On May 9, 1194, Richard I.\nsailed from England on his expedition against Philip II. of France; and\nhe was accompanied by Master Eustace, Dean of Salisbury, for the purpose\nof his conducting such business of the Great Seal as might be necessary\nwhile the king remained abroad. The Doncaster Charter appears to have\nbeen sealed on the 22nd of the same month of May, and I shall feel\nobliged if J. E. J. will give me a copy of Eustace's title, and the date\nand place, as they appear on the document. The addition to his name in\nother charters is \"tunc gerentis vices cancellarii.\" He himself became\nChancellor and Bishop of Ely on the death of Longchamp.\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\nStreet-End House, near Canterbury.\n\n\n\"_Goe, soule, the bodies guest_\" (Vol. vii., p. 175.).--Your\ncorrespondent is mistaken in thinking that his \"additions\" are a new\ndiscovery. Both stanzas were printed, with slight variations from this\ncopy, by Sir H. Nicolas, at the end of his edition of Davison's\n_Poetical Rhapsody_, 1826, pp. 413--415.; and both are mentioned by Mr.\nHannah, when he says (p. 103.):\n\n     \"In E (the mark by which Mr. H. designates that copy in\n     Nicolas), one stanza is interpolated after line 36, and a\n     second at the end.\"\n\nAs I entirely agree with Sir H. Nicolas that the lines in question are\n\"a wanton interpolation,\" I think Mr. Hannah was perfectly justified\nin contenting himself with this acknowledgment of their existence.\n\nR.\n\n\n_Bells versus Storms_ (Vol. vi., p. 508.).--While returning my\nacknowledgments to your correspondents the REV. H. T. ELLACOMBE and W.\nS. G., I would briefly refer to the subject again, which may be of\ninterest to some of our readers.\n\nDr. Fuller says:\n\n     \"That bells are no effectual charm against lightning. The\n     frequent firing of abbey churches by lightning confuteth the\n     proud motto commonly written on the bells in their steeples,\n     wherein each intitled itself to a six-fold efficacy.\n\n        'Men's death I tell, by doleful knell,\n         Lightning and thunder, I break asunder,\n         On Sabbath all, to church I call,\n         The sleepy head, I raise from bed,\n         The winds so fierce, I do disperse,\n         Men's cruel rage, I do assuage.'\"\n\n     \"It has anciently been reported,\" observes Lord Bacon, \"and is\n     still received, that extreme applauses and shouting of people\n     assembled in multitudes, have so rarefied and broken the air,\n     that birds flying over have fallen down, the air not being\n     able to support them; and it is believed by some that great\n     ringing of bells in populous cities hath chased away thunder,\n     and also dissipated pestilent air. All which may be also from\n     the concussion of the air, and not from the sound.\"\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\nThe following note in connexion with the baptism of bells may be\ninteresting, as it shows the manner of working, at that time.\n\n{344}\nAmong the _Centum Gravamina_ offered to Pope Adrian in 1521 by the Princes\nof Germany, as given in Herbert's _Henry VIII._, p. 139., this is the\n51st:\n\n     \"That suffragans used to baptize bels under pretence of\n     driving away divels and tempests; and for this purpose did\n     invite many rich godfathers, who were to touch the rope while\n     the bell was exorcised, and its name invoked (unto which all\n     the people must answer). And that a banquet was used to be\n     made thereupon, at the cost of the layicks, amounting in\n     little towns to a hundred florins, whither the godfathers were\n     to come, and bring great gifts, &c., whereas they desired that\n     the said bels might be baptized not onely by suffragans, but\n     by any priest, with holy water, salt, herbs, without such\n     costs.\"\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nClyst St. George.\n\nWill MR. GOLE oblige me and your readers with a reference to the _Golden\nLegend_, from which he has sent a quotation bearing on bells and storms.\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nClyst St. George.\n\n\n_Exercise Day_ (Vol. vii., p. 205.).--The extract from the borough\nchamberlain's accounts, referred to by your correspondent\nLEICESTRIENSIS, relates rather to a religious assembly or meeting\nestablished by authority in the reign of Elizabeth, and designed as a\ncheck on the growing tendency towards Puritanism, which marked that\nperiod. In this diocese (at that time the diocese of Chester) Bishop\nDownham instituted a \"monthly exercise,\" which was confirmed by his\nsuccessor Dr. Chadderton, in an injunction bearing date Sept. 1, 1585.\n(See Appendix to Strype's _Annals_, vol. i.) It is there decreed that\nall parsons, vicars, curates, and schoolmasters shall resort to this\nexercise, there either to speak or write; and certain penalties are\nenforced on any neglect of its observance. In the churchwardens'\naccounts of this parish is an entry of similar import to that quoted by\nLEICESTRIENSIS: \"1656, Pd. for minister diner at the exercise day,\n00.00.06,\" the only perceptible difference being in the degree of\nhospitality extended to the clergy by their entertainers.\n\nJOHN BOOKER.\n\nPrestwich.\n\n\n_The Iron Mask_ (Vol. v., p. 474.; Vol. vii., p. 234.).--Your\ncorrespondent A. S. A. asks with much complacency, \"What authority MR.\nJAMES CORNISH has for asserting (Vol. v., p. 474.) that the mysterious\nsecret of the _Masque de fer_ has ever been satisfactorily explained?\"\nMR. JAMES CORNISH does not make statements of historical facts without\nauthority: he therefore begs to refer A. S. A. to Delort, _Histoire de\nl'Homme au Masque de fer_, Paris, 1825; and to _The True History of the\nState Prisoner, commonly called \"The Iron Mask,\" &c._, by the Hon.\nGeorge Agar Ellis: London, 1826.\n\nI repeat \"my sanguine\" expectations that \"Junius\" will yet be\n\"unearthed.\" \"Matthias\" made an equal boast with the \"mighty shade,\"\nthat he would be for ever unknown.\n\nYour Journal \"N. & Q.\" has left no doubt about the author of _The\nPursuits of Literature_.\n\nJAMES CORNISH.\n\n\n_Shakspeare's Use of the Word \"Delighted\"_ (Vol. ii., pp. 113. 139. 200.\n&c.).--The following passage from Douce's _Illustrations_ has not been\nreferred to by any of your contributors on this point; to some it may be\nunknown:\n\n     \"With respect to the much contested and obscure expression of\n     _bathing the delighted spirit in fiery floods_, Milton appears\n     to have felt less difficulty in its consideration than we do\n     at present; for he certainly remembered it when he made Comus\n     say:\n\n                          \"' ... one sip of this\n        Will _bathe_ the drooping _spirits in delight_\n        Beyond the bliss of dreams.'\"\n\nW. T. M.\n\nHong Kong.\n\n\n_Samuel Daniel_ (Vol. vi., p. 603.).--A copy of an original letter of\nSamuel Daniel, sent to Lord Keeper Egerton with a present of his _Works\nnewly augmented_, 1601, is printed in _Censura Literaria_, ed. 1808,\nvol. vi. p. 391.\n\nJohn Daniel, who published _Songs for the Lute, Viol, and Voice_, 1606,\nis supposed to have been the brother of the poet, and the publisher of\nhis works in 1623. He was of Christ Church, Oxford; and took his degree\nof Bachelor of Music in 1604. At the commencement of the reign of\nCharles I., he was one of the court musicians, and his name occurs among\nthe \"Musicians for the Lutes and Voices,\" in a privy seal, dated Dec.\n20, 1625, exempting the musicians belonging to the court from the\npayment of subsidies.\n\nJohn Daniel's _Songs_ were \"printed by T. E. for Thomas Adams, at the\nSigne of the White Lyon, Paule's Church Yard, folio, 1606.\" They are\ndedicated, in rhyme, to \"Mrs. Anne Greene, the worthy Daughter to Sir\nWilliam Greene, of Milton, Knight.\"\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n\n_English Bishops deprived by Queen Elizabeth_, 1559 (Vol. vi., pp. 100.\n203.; Vol. vii., p. 260.).--I regret that I am unable to furnish A. S.\nA. with any additional information respecting the Marian bishops. None\nof the authorities I used give the dates he requires. Possibly, Mr.\nCharles Butler's _Historical Memoires of the English, Irish, and\nScottish Catholics_, 4 vols. 8vo., 1822, might answer his Queries.\n\nI have ascertained from Calamy's _Life and Times_ (vol. i. p. 409.),\nthat Thomas White, the {345} deprived Bishop of Peterborough, died in\nLondon, May 30, 1698; and that Robert Frampton, the deprived Bishop of\nGloucester, died May 25, 1708 (vol. ii. p. 119.).\n\nJOHN I. DREDGE.\n\n\n\"_Jenny's Bawbee_\" (Vol. vii., p. 207.).--This is a very old song, a\nfragment of which (all we have) appeared in David Herd's _Collection of\nAncient and Modern Scottish Songs_, 2 vols. 12mo., Edinb. 1776. As it is\nvery short, I quote it:\n\n    \"An' a' that e'er my Jenny had,\n     My Jenny had, my Jenny had,\n     A' that e'er my Jenny had,\n             Was ae bawbee.\n\n    \"There's your plack, and my plack,\n     An' your plack, an' my plack,\n     An' my plack, an' your plack,\n            An' Jenny's bawbee.\n\n    \"We'll put it a' in the pint-stoup,\n     The pint-stoup, the pint-stoup,\n     We'll put it in the pint-stoup,\n             And birle't a' three.\"\n\nThere is a capital song founded upon this rude fragment, by the late Sir\nAlexander Boswell. It was published anonymously in 1803, and commences\nthus:\n\n    \"I met four chaps yon birks amang,\n     Wi hinging lugs and faces lang;\n     I spier'd at neebour Bauldy Strang,\n                 Wha's they I see?\n\n    \"Quo' he, Ilk cream-fac'd pawky chiel\n     Thought he was cunning as the diel,\n     And here they cam' awa to steal\n               Jenny's bawbee.\"\n\nCopies of this latter song may be seen in Johnson's _Scottish Musical\nMuseum_, edit. 1839, vol. v. p. 435.; and in Graham's _Songs of\nScotland_, 1848, vol. ii. p. 48.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\nThe old Scotch ballad with the above title, on which Sir Alexander\nBoswell, Bart., founded his humorous song, with the same name, may be\nfound in _The Book of Scottish Songs_, recently published in _The\nIllustrated London Library_, p. 229.\n\nJ. K. R. W.\n\n\n_Irish Convocation_ (Vol. vi., p. 317.).--I am unable to answer W.\nFRASER'S Queries as to when the Irish Convocation last met, and\nwhere their deliberations are recorded; but that gentleman will find\nsome account of its nature and constitution in a recently published\npamphlet, entitled _The Jerusalem Chamber_, by the Rev. H. Caswall,\nM.A., pp. 39, 40.\n\nJ. C. B.\n\n\n_Spontaneous Combustion_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--Is there such a thing;\nmeaning, I presume, of the _human body_? One of the latest and best\nauthenticated cases is given in _The Abstainer's Journal_ (Glasgow), No.\nIII., March, 1853, p. 54. In the narrative is included the official\nmedical report from the _Journal of Medical Science_, Dec. 1852.\n\nW. C. TREVELYAN.\n\n\n_Do the Sun's Rays put out the Fire?_ (Vol. vii., p. 285.).--\n\n     \"Why does the sun, shining, on a fire, make it dull, and often\n     put it out?\n\n     \"1st. Because the air (being rarefied by the sunshine) flows\n     more slowly to the fire; and\n\n     \"2ndly. The chemical action of the sun's rays is detrimental\n     to combustion.\n\n     \"The sun's rays are composed of three parts; lighting,\n     heating, and actinic or chemical rays. These latter interfere\n     with the process of combustion.\"\n\nThe above is an extract from Rev. Dr. Brewer's _Guide to the Scientific\nKnowledge of Things Familiar_, 6th edition, p. 50., which may perhaps\nprove interesting to C. W. B. At p. 58. of the same book, H. A. B. will\nfind, I think, an answer in the affirmative to his Query (Vol. vii., p.\n286.): \"Is there such a thing as spontaneous combustion?\"\n\nC---- S. T. P.\n\nW---- Rectory.\n\n\n_Dover Castle_ (Vol. vii., p. 254.).--The \"j cenovectorum cum j rota\nferro ligata\" was a wheel-barrow. In the _Promptorum Parvulorum_ occurs\n(p. 25.) \"barowe cenovectorum.\"\n\nE. G. R.\n\n\n_Quotations wanted_ (Vol. vii., p. 40.).--\"And if he read little, he had\nneed have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.\" From Lord\nBacon.--_Bacon's Essays: Of Studies_, p. 218. 12mo., 1819.\n\n[Greek: Omega].\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\nIf any of the readers of Mr. Hudson Turner's volume on Domestic\nArchitecture have been under the apprehension that the death of that\nable antiquary would necessarily lead, if not to the abandonment of that\nwork, to its being completed in a more imperfect manner than Mr. Turner\nwould have completed it, we can assure them that such apprehension is\nentirely groundless. We have now before us the second part, entitled\n_Some Account of Domestic Architecture in England from Edward I. to\nRichard II., with Notices of Foreign Examples, and numerous\nIllustrations of existing Remains from original Drawings. By the Editor\nof the Glossary of Architecture._ The editing of the work is indeed most\ncreditable to Mr. Parker, who, though he modestly confesses that if he\nhad not known that he could safely calculate upon much valuable\nassistance from others more competent than himself, he would never have\nventured to undertake it at all, had already given proof of his fitness\nfor the task by the _Glossary of Architecture_ with which his name has\nbeen so long and so honourably connected. The work, which supplies a\ndeficiency which the architectural student has {346} long felt, is\nproduced in the same handsome style, and with the same profuseness of\nillustration, as its predecessor, and will be found valuable not only to\narch\u00e6ologists who study history in brick and stone, but also to those\nwho search in the memorials of bygone ages for illustrations of manners\nand customs, and of that greater subject than all, the history of our\nsocial progress.\n\nBOOKS RECEIVED.--_History of England from the Peace of Utrecht\nto the Peace of Versailles_, 1713--1783, by Lord Mahon, vol. ii.\n1720--1740. This second volume of the new and cheaper edition of Lord\nMahon's work extends from the accession of Walpole and Townshend to\noffice in 1720, to the Declaration of War against Spain in 1739, and\ncontains a valuable appendix of original papers.--_The Annals of Roger\nde Hoveden, from_ A.D. 732 _to_ A.D. 1201, _translated from the Latin,\nwith Notes and Illustrations_, by Henry T. Riley. Vol. I. A.D. 732 to\nA.D. 1180, is a new volume of the valuable series of Translations of\nEarly English Chronicles, which is to give so important a character to\nBohn's _Antiquarian Library_.--_Thomas \u00e0 Becket and other Poems_, by\nPatrick Scott. Notices of new poems scarcely fall within our vocation,\nbut Mr. Scott is a true poet, and we cannot refuse to praise the present\nvolume, and more especially the little poem which owes its origin to the\nnotice of the opening of the coffin of Lady Audrey Leigh in our 156th\nNumber.--_The Family Shakspeare, &c._, by Thomas Bowdler, Vol. V. This\nfifth volume contains Troilus and Cressida, Coriolanus, Julius C\u00e6sar,\nAntony and Cleopatra, and Cymbeline.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES.\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nDISSERTATION ON ISAIAH, CHAPTER XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, &C.,\nby SAMUEL HORSELY, Lord Bishop of Rochester. 1799. First Edition, in\n4to.\n\nBISHOP FALL'S Edition of CYPRIAN, containing BISHOP PEARSON'S ANNALES\nCYPRIANIA.\n\nATHEN\u00c6UM JOURNAL, 1847 to 1851 inclusive.\n\nA DESCRIPTION OF THE ROYAL GARDENS AT RICHMOND IN SURRY. In a Letter to\na Society of Gentlemen. Pp. 32. 8vo. With a Plan and Eight Plates. No\ndate, circa annum 1770?\n\nMEMOIRS OF THE ROSE, by MR. JOHN HOLLAND. 1 Vol. 12mo. London, 1824.\n\nPSYCHE AND OTHER POEMS, by MRS. MARY TIGHE. Portrait. 8vo. 1811.\n\nGMELIN'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY. Inorganic Part.\n\nARCH\u00c6OLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., X., XXVII., XXVIII.,\nunbound.\n\nTHE HISTORY OF SHENSTONE, by the REV. H. SAUNDERS. 4to. London, 1794.\n\nLUBBOCK'S ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON THE TIDES.\n\n*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send\ntheir names._\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to\nbe sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet\nStreet.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.\n\n_We hope next week, in addition to many other interesting articles, to\nlay before our readers a copy of a remarkable and inedited Proclamation\nof Henry VIII. on the subject of the Translation of the Scriptures; and\nsome specimens of the_ Rigby Correspondence.\n\nHERCULES. _The custom (which we hope does not very generally obtain) of\nsending green ribbons, called willows, tied round bridal cards, to\nrejected suitors of the bride, is no doubt derived from that alluded to\nby Shakspeare and Herrick, and especially Fuller, who tell us the willow\n\"is a sad tree, whereof such as have lost their love make their mourning\ngarments.\"_\n\nROBIN HOOD. _A Subscriber would be obliged by_ H. K. (Vol. vi., p. 597.)\n_giving a precise reference to the Act of the Scotch Parliament\nprohibiting \"the plays and personages of Robin Hood.\" &c._\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY _will find the proverb \"When Our Lord falls in Our\nLady's lap,\" &c., in our Number for the_ 12th Feb., p. 157.\n\nVIATOR. _The imprecatory Epitaph referred to has already appeared in our\ncolumns._\n\nW. A. C. _is thanked. The rhymes have, however, been already frequently\nprinted by Brockett, Brand, &c._\n\nB. L. (Manchester). _The ordinary use of arms by the English nobility is\nsupposed to date from about the year 1146. The arms on the shield of\nGeoffrey de Mandeville in the Temple Church have been considered among\nthe earliest examples of heraldic bearings in England. He died in 1144._\n\nHY. CE. _Our Correspondent is probably correct. The lines are not in the\nreprint of the_ Musarum Delici\u00e6: _so we amend our reply to_ DAVID BROWN\n_in_ No. 177., _by stating that the lines_\n\n    \"That same man, that runneth awaie,\n     May again fight, an other daie\"--\n\n_are from Udall's translation of the Apothegms of Erasmus._\n\nDoes a Corpse passing make a Right of Way? A. S. _will find an elaborate\nanswer to this Query in our_ 3rd Vol., p. 519. _He is also referred to_\npp. 477. _and_ 507. _of the same volume, and_ pp. 124. 240., Vol. iv.\n\nA. B. Mosaic _is so named from the tesselated pavements of the Romans,\nwhich being worked in a regular and mechanical manner, were called_ Opus\nmusivum, opera qu\u00e6 ad amussim facta sunt. _Hence the Italian_ musaico,\n_the French_ mosaique, _and our English_ mosaic. _See_ \"N. & Q.,\" Vol.\niii., pp. 389. 469. 521.\n\nC. GONVILLE. _How can we forward a letter to this Correspondent?_\n\nM. C. _The answer to Mr. Canning's famous riddle is \"Cares--Caress.\"_\n\nBROOKTHORPE. _The epitaph,_\n\n    \"If Heaven is pleased,\" _&c.,_\n\n_is sometimes said to have been written on Burnet, and at others on\nColeman the Jesuit. See our_ 5th Vol., pp. 58. 137., _&c._\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES. _Several articles are necessarily\npostponed until next week, when we will also give Replies to several\nCorrespondents. We hope by that time to be able to report upon the new\nCamera._\n\nTHE REV. J. L. SISSON _is thanked for the very beautiful specimen of his\nskill which he has forwarded to us. We hope to write to him in the\ncourse of a day or two._\n\n_Errata._--P. 284. col. 1. lines 27. 28. for \"built a new house on a\npinnacle, on which,\" read \"built a new house, on a pinnacle _of_ which.\"\nLine 31., dele full-stop after \"yreret,\" and insert colon. P. 288. col.\n2. l. 28. for \"trull\" read \"hull,\" _i. e._ \"hurl.\"\n\n_A few complete sets of_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price\nThree Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is\ndesirable._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them\nto their Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now\nmade arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities,\neither from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of\nhaving good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr.\nDelamotte's Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place,\nBayswater, or at\n\nMR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nISLINGTON, HIGHBURY, ETC.\n\nALFRED ALLCHIN begs to inform Photographers, that he can supply them\nwith pure Chemicals for Photographic purposes.\n\n32. COLES TERRACE, RICHMOND ROAD, BARNSBURY PARK.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,\nTurner's, Sanford's, and Canson Fr\u00e8res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's\nProcess. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.\n\nSold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.\nPaternoster Row, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       * {347}\n\nTO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, with every requisite for the practice\nof Photography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt,\nBr\u00e9bisson, and other writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, of\nWILLIAM BOLTON, (formerly Dymond & Co.), Manufacturer of pure Chemicals\nfor Photographic and other purposes. Lists may be had on application.\n\nImproved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr.\nStewart's instructions.\n\n146. HOLBORN BARS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. PARLIAMENT STREET,\nLONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n     _Directors_.\n    H. E. Bicknell, Esq.\n    W. Cabell, Esq.\n    T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.\n    G. H. Drew, Esq.\n    W. Evans, Esq.\n    W. Freeman, Esq.\n    F. Fuller, Esq.\n    J. H. Goodhart, Esq.\n    T. Grissell, Esq.\n    J. Hunt, Esq.\n    J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n    E. Lucas, Esq.\n    J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n    J. B. White, Esq.\n    J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n_Trustees_.\n\nW. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.\n\n_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n\n_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application\nto suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed\nin the Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n    Age        \u00a3 s. d.\n     17        1 14  4\n     22        1 18  8\n     27        2  4  5\n     32        2 10  8\n     37        2 18  6\n     42        3  8  2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT\nBUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment,\nexemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,\n&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life\nAssurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life\nAssurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class\nX., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all\nClimates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior\nGold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver\nCases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,\n10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior\nLever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's\nPocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch\nskilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,\n2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining\nInstantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,\naccording to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the\nchoicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their\nEstablishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions\nmay be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be\nprocured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the\npractice of Photography in all its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\nMakers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,\n\nThe WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.\nTranslated from the French.\n\nSole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated\nLenses for Portraits and Views.\n\nGeneral Dep\u00f4t for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Fr\u00e8res', La Croix, and\nother Talbotype Papers.\n\nPure Photographic Chemicals.\n\nInstructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS., Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver)--J.\nB. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who\npublished the application of this agent (see _Athen\u00e6um_, Aug. 14th).\nTheir Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary\nsensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be\nexported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J.\nB. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the\nlatest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype\nprocesses. Cameras for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS\nadapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized\nPapers, &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY--The AMMONIO-IODIDE OF SILVER in Collodion, prepared by\nMESSRS. DELATOUCHE & CO., Operative Chemists, 147. Oxford Street, is now\ngenerally used by Photographers, and cannot be surpassed in the\nbeautiful results it produces. Specimens may be seen on application.\nMESSRS. DELATOUCHE & CO. supply Apparatus with the most recent\nImprovements, Pure Chemicals, English and Foreign Papers, and every\nArticle connected with Photography on Paper or Glass. Instruction given\nin the Art.\n\nSee HENNAH'S new work on the Collodion Process, giving the most\npractical directions yet published, price 1s., or free by post 1s.\n6d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.\n\n(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)\n\nOf Saturday, March 26, contains Articles on\n\n    Agricultural statistics\n    Beet, sugar, by Mr. Sinclair\n    ---- large and small, by Prof. Sullivan\n    Bignonia Tweediana\n    Boiler incrustations\n    Boronia serrulata\n    Calceolaria pavonia\n    Calendar, horticultural\n    ---- agricultural\n    Cloches, by Mr. Gilbert\n    Cyclamens, to increase\n    Drainage, suburban, by Mr. Marshall\n    ---- deep and shallow, by Mr. Hunt\n    ---- Nene Valley\n    Farm practice\n    Fruit, changing names of\n    Heating public buildings\n    Ireland, Locke on, rev.\n    Irrigation, Mr. Mechi's\n    Larch, treatment of\n    Level, bottle, by Mr. Lucas (with engraving)\n    Major's Landscape Gardening\n    Manure, Stothert's\n    Mint, bottled\n    Nitrate of soda, by Dr. Pusey\n    Oaks, Mexican\n    Onion maggot\n    Pampas grass, by Mr. Gorrie\n    Peaches, select\n    Pears, select\n    Plum, Huling's superb, by Mr. Rivers\n    Potatoes in Cornwall\n    ---- in tan\n    Rain gauges, large and small\n    Schools, union\n    Sewage of Milan, by Captain Smith\n    Societies, proceedings of the Linnean, Entomological, National,\n      Floricultural, Royal Dublin\n    Steam culture\n    Temperature, ground\n    Trade memoranda\n    Trees, to transplant\n    Trout, artificial breeding of\n    Vegetable lists, by Mr. Fry\n    Vines, stem-roots of, by Mr. Harris\n    Vine mildew\n    Warner's (Mrs.) Garden\n    Winter in South Devon\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition\nto the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool\nprices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark,\nWool, and Seed Markets, and _a complete Newspaper, with a condensed\naccount of all the transactions of the week_.\n\nORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington\nStreet, Covent Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJ. T. GODDARD, Astronomical Telescope Maker, 2. Jesse Cottage, Whitton,\nnear Isleworth, Middlesex: of whom Photographical View and Portrait\nCombinations may be obtained as follows:\n\n                                                         \u00a3 s. d.\n    The lenses, 2-1/4 diameter, for portraits and views  2 17  6\n    Ditto, for views only                                1 17  6\n    Ditto, 3-1/4 diameter, for portraits and views       6  0  0\n    Ditto, 3-1/4 diameter, for views only                3 17  6\n\nThe above are mounted with rack and pinnion, and two stops; where rack\nand pinnion is not required, deduct 8s. 6d. to 10s.\n\nAchromatic Lenses of long focus to order.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nELGIN MARBLES.--Arundel Society, established 1849, for promoting the\nKnowledge of Art. Casts from MR. CHEVERTON'S reductions of the Theseus\nand Ilissus in the Elgin Collection, may be had by application at\nMESSRS. COLNAGHI'S, 14. Pall Mall East, price 1l. 1s. (to Members\n12s. 6d.) each.\n\nElectro-Bronze Copies of the Theseus may be had at MESSRS. ELKINGTON'S,\n22. Regent Street, price 10l. 10s. (to Members 9l. 9s.)\n\nMR. CHEVERTON obtained a Prize Medal for the Theseus at the Great\nExhibition, 1851.\n\nAnnual Subscription to the Society 1l. 1s., entitling Members to all\nEngravings and Books published. Payable at Coutts' Bank, or 14. Pall\nMall East.\n\nG. AUBREY BEZZI, Hon. Sec.\n\n       *       *       *       *       * {348}\n\nMURRAY'S\nRAILWAY READING.\n\nImmediately, fcap. 8vo.\n\nWELLINGTON--HIS CHARACTER,--HIS ACTIONS,--AND HIS WRITINGS. By JULES\nMAUREL.\n\n     \"I am much mistaken in my estimate of M. Maurel's work, if it\n     do not take rank now and hereafter among the most accurate,\n     discriminating, and felicitous tributes which have emanated\n     from any country in any language to the memory of the Duke of\n     Wellington.\"--_Lord Ellesmere's Preface_.\n\nTo be followed by\n\nLOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS.\n\nLIFE OF LORD BACON. By LORD CAMPBELL.\n\nVolumes already published--\n\nFALL OF JERUSALEM. By DEAN MILMAN.\n\nSTORY OF JOAN OF ARC. By LORD MAHON.\n\nHALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.\n\nLIFE of THEODORE HOOK.\n\nTHE EMIGRANT. By SIR F. B. HEAD.\n\nLORD ELLESMERE'S DISCOURSE ON WELLINGTON.\n\nMUSIC AND DRESS. By a Lady.\n\nLAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH.\n\nBEES AND FLOWERS.\n\nLORD MAHON'S \"FORTY-FIVE.\"\n\nESSAYS FROM \"THE TIMES.\"\n\nGIFFARD'S DEEDS OF NAVAL DARING.\n\nTHE ART OF DINING.\n\nOLIPHANT'S JOURNEY TO NEPAUL.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street;\n\nAnd to be obtained at all Booksellers, and Railway Stations.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXIV., is just published.\n\n    CONTENTS:\n\n    APSLEY HOUSE.\n    SCROPE'S HISTORY OF CASTLE COMBE.\n    HUMAN HAIR.\n    THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND.\n    HUNGARIAN CAMPAIGNS--KOSSUTH AND G\u00d6RGEY.\n    BUCKINGHAM PAPERS.\n    SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN.\n    THE TWO SYSTEMS AT PENTONVILLE.\n    MAUREL ON THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR APRIL.\n\nMISS BREMER'S WORKS, by MARY HOWITT. Vol. III. THE HOME, and STRIFE AND\nPEACE. Post 8vo. 3s. 6d.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR APRIL.\n\nARISTOTLE'S POLITICS and ECONOMICS, translated by E. WALFORD, M.A., with\nNotes, Analyses, Life, Introduction, and Index. Post 8vo. 5s.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR APRIL.\n\nBECHSTEIN'S CAGE AND CHAMBER BIRDS, including SWEET'S \"WARBLERS.\" New\nEdition, greatly enlarged, numerous plates. Post 8vo. 5s.; (or,\ncoloured, 7s. 6d.)\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR APRIL.\n\nHENRY OF HUNTINGDON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Roman Invasion to\nHenry II.; with THE ACTS OF KING STEPHEN, &c. Translated and edited by\nT. FORESTER, Esq., M.A. Post 8vo. 5s.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThird Edition, cloth, 1s.; by post, 1s. 6d.\n\nWELSH SKETCHES. FIRST SERIES. By the Author of \"Proposals for Christian\nUnion.\"\n\n     \"It is rarely that a shilling will purchase so much\n     information of a high and interesting kind.\"--_Leeds\n     Intelligencer_.\n\nBy the same, Second Edition, cloth, 1s.; by post, 1s. 6d.\n\nWELSH SKETCHES. SECOND SERIES.\n\n     \"It is written in a plain attractive style, which, in\n     conjunction with the impartial feeling and the great research\n     it evinces, is sure to make it a favourite.\"--_Arch\u00e6ologia\n     Cambrensis_.\n\nLondon: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's-Inn Fields.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, in 8vo., price 15s. cloth,\n\nGOETHE'S FAUST: With Copious English Notes, Grammatical, Philological,\nand Exegetical, for Students of the German Language. By FALK LEBAHN, Ph.\nD., Author of \"German in One Volume,\" &c.\n\n*** The Grammatical Notes contain the whole of the Text, in German and\nEnglish, classified according to rules of grammar. \"Faust\" is thus\nbrought within the reach of the merest beginner. In the Exegetical\nNotes, the Editor has endeavoured to render Goethe's own meaning\nstrictly: and where his interpretation differs from those of his\npredecessors, Goethe himself is adduced as authority, the supporting\npassages from his other works being given in German. Copious extracts\nfrom other German authors are also given in the original.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, royal 12mo., 7s. 6d.,\n\nELEMENTS OF PSYCHOLOGY. Part I. By J. D. MORELL, A.M., Author of \"An\nHistorical and Critical View of the Speculative Philosophy of Europe in\nthe Nineteenth Century,\" &c. &c.\n\nWILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, one vol. 8vo., 7s. 6d.,\n\nRESEARCHES INTO THE HISTORY OF THE ROMAN CONSTITUTION; with an Appendix\nupon the Roman Knights. By W. IHNE, Ph. D.\n\nWILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOn April 1st, Part IV., price 1s., with a beautiful engraving,\n\nREYNARD THE FOX; after the German Version of GOETHE. With Illustrations\nby J. WOLF. To be continued Monthly, and completed in Twelve Parts.\n\nWILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly; and may be had of all Booksellers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, imp. 8vo., containing Thirty-seven Plates, cloth\nlettered, price 16s.,\n\nTHE HANDBOOK OF MEDI\u00c6VAL ALPHABETS AND DEVICES. By HENRY SHAW, F.S.A.,\nAuthor of \"Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages,\" &c. &.c.\n\nThis work contains twenty-six complete alphabets, and from seventy to\neighty initial letters of a larger and more elaborate character, the\nwhole forming a series of specimens of almost every type to be found\nfrom the beginning of the tenth to the end of the seventeenth century.\nTo these have been added examples of the various forms of Arabic\nnumerals in use from their first introduction in this country, and also\na series of labels, monograms, heraldic devices, and other matters of\ndetail, calculated to render it most useful as a work of reference.\n\nWILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWORDSWORTH ON THE CHURCH OF ROME IN THE THIRD CENTURY.\n\nIn 8vo., price 8s. 6d.\n\nST. HIPPOLYTUS AND THE CHURCH OF ROME, in the EARLIER PART of the THIRD\nCENTURY; from the newly-discovered \"Philosophumena;\" or, the Greek Text\nof those Portions which relate to that subject; with an ENGLISH VERSION\nand NOTES; and an Introductory Inquiry into the Authorship of the\nTreatise, and on the Life and Works of the Writer. By CHR. WORDSWORTH,\nD.D., Canon of Westminster, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College,\nCambridge.\n\nRIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s.\n\nA HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, living and fossil, with\nDescriptions of all the Species, and Abstracts of the Systems of\nEhrenberg, Dujardin, K\u00fctzing, Siebold, &c. By ANDREW PRITCHARD, ESQ.,\nM.R.I.\n\nAlso, price 5s.,\n\nA GENERAL HISTORY OF ANIMALCULES, with 500 Engravings.\n\nAlso, price 8s. 6d.,\n\nMICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Microscopes.\n\nLondon: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 15. Stonefield Street, in\nthe Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the\nParish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE\nBELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the\nWest, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street\naforesaid.--Saturday, April 2. 1853.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 179, April 2, 1853.: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":21996}