{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_22339/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_22339","id":"gutenberg_22339","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22339","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Biographies","Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: History - Other","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins\nand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttps://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\n{81}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 66.]\nSATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1. 1851.\n[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n\n                                                             Page\n\n  \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" in Holland                               81\n\n  NOTES:--\n\n  Sir John Davies and his Biographers, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault   82\n\n  A Note on Queen Anne's Farthings by J. Y. Akerman            83\n\n  Folk-Lore:--Lammer Beads--On the Lingering of the\n  Spirit--May Cats--Mottos on Warming-pans and\n  Garters                                                      84\n\n  Notes on Jesse's \"London and its Celebrities,\" by Henry\n  Campkin                                                      84\n\n  Minor Notes:--Verstegan--George Herbert and the\n  Church at Leighton Bromswold--Little Gidding--Etymology\n  of Kobold--Judas Cup--Essleholt Priory--Crossing\n  Rivers on Skins                                              85\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Bibliographical Queries                                      86\n\n  Minor Queries:--Bishops' Lands--The Barons of Hugh\n  Lupus--Can the Queen make a Gentleman?--Plafery--St.\n  John's Bridge Fair--Queries on Costume--Cum\n  Grano Salis--Earl of Clarendon's Daughter,\n  Lucretia--Vandyke's Portrait of Lord Aubigny--Foundation\n  Stone of St. Mark's, Venice--Coins of\n  Richard Cromwell--Cataracts of the Nile--Paternoster\n  Tackling--Dancing Trenchmore--Hymns--\n  Camden and Curwen Families--Jartuare                         87\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  John Bunyan and his Portrait.--Did Bunyan know\n  Hobbes? by George Offor                                      89\n\n  The Mother Church of the Saxons by Dr. J. Rawson             90\n\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--The Frozen Horn--To\n  Pose--Culprits torn by Horses--The Conquest--Mayors,\n  their correct Prefix--True Blue--Modum Promissionis--Fronte\n  capillata &c.--Cross between a\n  Wolf and a Hound--Touching for the Evil--Old\n  Booty--Breeches Bible--Separation of the Sexes--Defender\n  of the Faith--Epigram on the Synod of Dort--Parish\n  Register Tax--Clergy sold for Slaves                         91\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                       94\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 95\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    95\n\n  Advertisements                                               95\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" IN HOLLAND.\n\nThe following extremely interesting, and, we need scarcely add, to us most\ngratifying, communication reached us at too late a period last week to\nadmit of our then laying it before our friends, readers, and contributors.\nThey will one and all participate in our gratification at the proof which\nit affords, not merely of that success which they have all combined to\nsecure, but of the good working, and consequent wide extension, of that\ngreat principle of literary brotherhood which it has been the great object\nof \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" to establish.\n\n_To the Editor of_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\"\n\nMr. Editor,\n\nWe have the pleasure of sending you the prospectus of \"DE NAVORSCHER,\" a\nnew Dutch periodical, grounded upon the same principle as its valuable and\nvaliant predecessor \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\" The title, when translated into\nEnglish, would be--\"_The Searcher; a medium of intellectual exchange and\nliterary intercourse between all who know something, have to ask something,\nor can solve something._\" If it be glorious for _you_ to have proposed a\ngood example, we think it honourable for _us_ to follow it.\n\nThough we do not wish to be our own trumpets, we can say that never a Dutch\nnewspaper was greeted, before its appearance, by such favourable\nprognostics. _Your_ idea, Mr. Editor, was received with universal applause;\nand Mr. FREDERIK MULLER, by whom \"DE NAVORSCHER\" will be published, is not\nonly a celebrated bookseller, but also one of our most learned _bookmen_.\n\nReady to promote by every means in our power the friendly intercourse\nbetween your country and our fatherland, we desire of you to lay the\nfollowing plan before the many readers of \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\"\n\n1. Every Query, which, promulgated by our English sister, would perhaps\nfind a solution when meeting the eyes of _Dutch_ readers, will be\nTRANSLATED for them by her foreign brother. We promise to send you a\nversion of the eventual answers.\n\n2. Of Queries, divulged in \"DE NAVORSCHER,\" and likely to be answered if\ntranslated for the British readers of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" a _version_ will\nbe presented by us to the sister-periodical.\n\n3. The title of BOOKS OR ODD VOLUMES wanted to purchase, of which copies\nmay exist in the Netherlands, will be duly inserted into \"DE NAVORSCHER\"\nwhen required. Mr. FREDERIK MULLER will direct his letters, containing\nparticulars and lowest price, to the persons anxious for information.\n\n4. All communications for \"DE NAVORSCHER\" must be addressed to Mr. D. NUTT,\nBookseller, {82} No. 270. Strand; or, _carriage free_, to the \"_Directors_\nof the same,\" care of Mr. FREDERIK MULLER, \"Heerengracht, near the Oude\nSpieglestraat, Amsterdam.\"\n\nWith a fervent wish that in such a manner, two neighbourly nations,\nconnected by religion, commerce, and literary pursuits, may be more and\nmore united by the mail-bearing sea which divides them, we have the honour\nto remain,\n\n    Mr. Editor,\n      Your respectful servants,\n  THE DIRECTORS OF \"DE NAVORSCHER.\"\n\nAmsterdam, the 16th of December, 1850.\n\n    When by the publication of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" we laid down those\n    telegraphic lines of literary communication which we hoped should one\n    day find their way into every library and book-room in the United\n    Kingdom, we little thought that, ere fifteen months had passed, we\n    should be called upon, not to lay down a _sub_marine telegraph, but to\n    establish a _super_marine communication with our brethren in the Low\n    Countries. We do so most gladly, for we owe them much. From them it was\n    that Caxton learned the art, but for which \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" would\n    never have existed; and of which the unconstrained practice has, under\n    Providence, served to create our literature, to maintain our liberties,\n    and to win for England its exalted position among the nations of the\n    earth.\n\n    Heartily, therefore, do we bid God speed to \"DE NAVORSCHER;\" and\n    earnestly will we do all we can to realize the kindly wish of our\n    Amsterdam brethren, that the \"two neighbourly nations of Holland and\n    England, connected by religion, commerce, and literary pursuits, may be\n    more and more united by the mail-bearing sea which divides them.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nSIR JOHN DAVIES AND HIS BIOGRAPHERS.\n\nSir John Davies, the \"sweet poet\" and \"grave lawyer\"--rather odd\ncombinations by the bye,--according to Wood, was \"born at Chisgrove, in the\nparish of Tysbury in Wiltshire, being the son of a wealthy _tanner_ of that\nplace!\" This statement is repeated in Cooper's _Muses' Library_, p. 331.;\nNichols's _Select Poems_, vol. i., p. 276.; Sir E. Brydges's edition of\nPhilips's _Theatrum Poetarum_, 1800, p. 272.; Sir Harris Nicolas's edition\nof Davison's _Poetical Rhapsody_, vol. i. p. cii., &c. And Headley, in his\n_Select Beauties of Poetry_, ed. 1787, vol. i. p. xli., adds, \"he was a man\nof _low_ extraction!\" Wood's assertion concerning Davies's parentage, was\nmade, I believe, upon the authority of Fuller; but it is undoubtedly an\nerror, as the books which record the admission of the younger Davies into\nthe Society of the Middle Temple, say the father was \"late of New Inn,\n_gentleman_.\"\n\nMr. Robert R. Pearce, in a recent work, entitled _A History of the Inns of\nCourt and Chancery_, 8vo. 1848, p. 293., gives the following sketch of the\nleading facts in the life of our \"poetical lawyer:\"--\n\n    \"Sir John Davis, the author of _Reports_, and several other legal\n    works, and a poet of considerable repute, was of this Society [_i.e._\n    the Middle Temple]. His father was a member of New Inn, and a\n    practitioner of the law in Wiltshire. At the Middle Temple, young Davis\n    became rather notorious for his irregularities, and having beaten Mr.\n    Richard Martin (also a poet, and afterwards Recorder of London) in the\n    hall, he was expelled the house. Afterwards, through the influence of\n    Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, he was restored to his position in the\n    Middle Temple; and, in 1601, was elected a Member of the House of\n    Commons. In 1603, he was appointed by King James Solicitor-General in\n    Ireland. In 1606, he was called to the degree of Serjeant-at-Law; and,\n    in the following year, was knighted by the King at Whitehall. In 1612,\n    he published a book on the state of Ireland, which is often referred\n    to; and soon afterwards he was appointed King's Serjeant, and Speaker\n    of the House of Commons in Ireland. On his return to England he\n    published his reports of cases adjudged in the King's Court in\n    Ireland,--the first reports of Irish cases made public. The preface to\n    these reports is very highly esteemed. It has been said to vie with\n    Coke in solidity and learning, and equal Blackstone in classical\n    illustration and elegant language. Sir John Davis died 7th of December,\n    1626.\"\n\nIt is amusing to see how erroneous statements creep into ordinary\nbiography. Headley, as we have just seen, calls Davies \"a man of _low_\nextraction;\" and now we find a more recent biographer adding (without the\nshadow of an authority), \"at the Middle Temple, young Davies became _rather\nnotorious for his irregularities_!\"\n\nDavies's quarrel with Richard Martin is alluded to by Wood. After speaking\nof his admission into the Middle Temple, and of his being made a barrister\n(July, 1595), that writer adds:--\n\n    \"But so it was that he [Sir John Davies] being a high-spirited young\n    man, did, upon some little provocation or punctilio, bastinado Rich.\n    Martin (afterwards Recorder of London) in the Common Hall of the Middle\n    Temple, while he was at dinner. For which act being forthwith\n    [February, 1597-8] expell'd, he retired for a time in private, lived in\n    Oxon in the condition of a sojourner, and follow'd his studies, tho' he\n    wore a cloak. However, among his serious thoughts, making reflections\n    upon his own condition, which sometimes was an affliction to him, he\n    composed that excellent philosophical and divine poem called _Nosce\n    Teipsum_.\"\n\nIt is not a little singular that this very Richard Martin, whose\nchastisement is thus recorded, had {83} been on terms of strict friendship\nwith our \"high-spirited\" young lawyer. In 1596, Davies had published his\npoem on dancing, entitled _Orchestra_, the title-page of which is followed\nby a dedicatory sonnet \"To his very friend, Ma. Richard Martin.\" This\nsonnet is written in extravagant terms of friendship and admiration; and as\nit is only to be found in the _rare_ first edition, and in the almost\nequally rare _Bibliographical Catalogue of the Ellesmere Collection_, some\nof your readers may not be displeased to see it on the present occasion:--\n\n \"TO HIS VERY FRIEND MA. RICH. MARTIN.\n\n \"To whom shall I this dauncing Poeme send,\n    This suddaine, rash, halfe-capreol of my wit?\n    To you, first mover and sole cause of it,\n  Mine-owne-selves better halve, my deerest frend.\n  O, would you yet my Muse some Honny lend\n    From your mellifluous tongue, whereon doth sit\n    Suada in majestie, that I may fit\n  These harsh beginnings with a sweeter end.\n    You know the modest sunne full fifteene times\n  Blushing did rise, and blushing did descend,\n    While I in making of these ill made rimes,\n  My golden bowers unthriftily did spend.\n    Yet, if in friendship you these numbers prayse,\n    I will mispend another fifteene dayes.\"\n\nThe cause of quarrel between the two young lawyers is not known, but the\n\"offence,\" whatever it was, was not slight. In the year 1622, when Davies\nreprinted his poetical works, we find that his feelings of resentment\nagainst his once \"very friend\" had not abated, for in place of the\ndedicatory sonnet to Richard Martin, is substituted a sonnet addressed to\nPrince Charles; and at the conclusion of the poem, he left a _hiatus_ after\nthe one hundred and twenty-sixth stanza, on account of the same quarrel.\n\nSir John Davies's celebrated poem, _Nosce Teipsum_ (mentioned by Wood in\nthe previous extract), is said to have gained the author the favour of\nJames I., even before he came to the crown. Wood gives the precise period\nof its composition, and, I think, with every appearance of truth, although\nit does not accord with the statement of modern biographers, that it was\nwritten at twenty-five years of age. (See Campbell's _Essay on Poetry_,\n&c., ed. 1848, p. 184.) The first edition of this poem was printed in 4to.\nin the year 1599, and has for its title the following:--\n\n    \"_Nosce Teipsum_. This Oracle expounded in Two Elegies. 1. Of Humane\n    Knowledge. 2. Of the Soule of Man, and the Immortalitie thereof.\n    London, Printed by Richard Field, for John Standish. 43 leaves.\"\n\nAs I am deeply interested in all that relates to the subject of this note,\nI have compiled a list of editions of the above poem, which shows its\npopularity for more than a century and a half:--\n\n\n  1.   1599.  _London_,  4to.   First edition.\n  2.   1602.    _ib._    4to.   Second ed.\n  3.   1608.    _ib._    4to.   Third ed.\n  4.   1619.    _ib._    8vo.   Fourth ed.\n  5.   1622.    _ib._    8vo.   The last edition printed during the\n      Author's lifetime.\n  6.   1653.    _ib._    4to.   Published by T. Jenner with curious plates,\n      and prose paraphrase.\n  7.   1688.    _ib._    folio. With prose dissertation.\n  8.   1697.  _Dublin,_  8vo.   With Life of the Author, by Nahum Tate.\n  9.   1714.    _ib._    12mo.  Second edition by Tate.\n  10.  1733.    _ib._    8vo.   With Essay by Dr. Sheridan.\n  11.  1749.  _London,_  12mo.\n  12.  1759.  _Glasgow,_ 12mo.  With Life of the Author.\n  13.  1760.  _London,_  8vo.   In Capel's _Prolusions._\n  14.  1773.    _ib._    12mo.  In Davies's _Poetical Works_, edited by\n      Thompson.\n\nSir John Davies left behind him a large number of MSS. upon various\nsubjects, none of which have since been printed. It would be very desirable\nthat a list, as far as can now be made out, should be put on record.\nAnthony Wood says, several of Davies's MSS. were formerly in the library of\nSir James Ware of Ireland and since that in the possession of Edward, Earl\nof Clarendon. The most interesting of these MSS. were a Collection of\nEpigrams, and a Metaphrase of David's Psalms. The Harleian MSS., Nos. 1578.\nand 4261., contain two law treatises of this learned writer, and in\nThorpe's _Catalogue_ for 1823, I find _A Treatise of Tenures touchinge his\nMajesties Prerogative Royal_, by John Davies, folio, MS.\n\nGranger does not record any engraved portrait of this writer, and all my\nenquiries have failed in discovering one. In Mr. Soame Jenyn's Hall, at\nBotesham, in Cambridgeshire (in 1770), was a full-length portrait of an\nelderly gentleman in a gown, with a book in one hand, on which is written\n\"_Nosce Teipsum_.\" If this is a genuine portrait of Sir John Davies, it\nought to be engraved to accompany a new edition of his poetical works; a\npublication which the lovers of our old poetry would deem an acceptable\noffering.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nA NOTE ON QUEEN ANN'S FARTHINGS.\n\nThe idea that a Queen Anne's farthing is a coin of the greatest rarity,\noriginated perhaps in the fact that there are several _pattern pieces_\nexecuted by Croker, which are much valued by collectors, and which\nconsequently bring higher prices. One type only was in circulation, and\nthis appears to have been very limited, for it is somewhat scarce, though a\nspecimen may easily be procured of any dealer in coins for a few shillings.\nThis bears the bust of the {84} Queen, with the legend ANNA DEI\nGRATIA--reverse, BRITANNIA around the trite figure of Britannia with the\nspear and olive-branch: the date 1714 in the exergue. Those with Peace in a\ncar, Britannia standing with olive-branch and spear, or seated under an\narch, are patterns; the second has the legend BELLO ET PACE in indented\nletters, a mode revived in the reign of George III. It is said that many\nyears ago a lady in the north of England lost one of the farthings of Queen\nAnne, which she much prized as the bequest of a deceased friend, and that\nhaving offered in the public journals a large reward for its recovery, it\nwas ever afterwards supposed that any farthing of this monarch was of great\nvalue.\n\nJ. Y. AKERMAN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Lammer Beads._--Does any one know the meaning of \"Lammer beads?\" They are\nalmost always made of amber, and are considered as a charm to keep away\nevil of every kind; their touch is believed to cure many diseases, and they\nare still worn by many old people in Scotland round the neck. The name\ncannot have anything to do with \"Lammermuir,\" as, although they are well\nknown among the old people of Lammermuir, yet they are equally so all over\nScotland.\n\nL. M. M. R.\n\n_On the Lingering of the Spirit._--Perhaps you may think the following\nstory worthy of insertion in your paper.\n\nThere is a common belief among the poor, that the spirit will linger in the\nbody of a child a long time when the parent refuses to part with it. I said\nto Mrs. B., \"Poor little H. lingered a long time; I thought, when I saw\nhim, that he must have died the same day, but he lingered on!\"\n\n\"Yes,\" said Mrs. B., \"it was a great shame of his mother. He wanted to die,\nand she would not let him die: she couldn't part with him. There she stood,\nfretting over him, and couldn't give him up; and so we said to her, 'He'll\nnever die till you give him up.' And then she gave him up; and he died\nquite peaceably.\"\n\nRICH. B. MACHELL.\n\nVicarage, Barrow-on-Humber, Jan. 13. 1851.\n\n_May Cats_ (Vol. iii., p. 20.).--In Hampshire, to this day, we always kill\nMay kittens.\n\nCX.\n\n_Mottos on Warming-Pans and Garters._--It seems to have been much the\ncustom, about two centuries ago, to engrave more or less elaborately the\nbrass lids of warming-pans with different devices, such as armorial\nbearings, &c., in the centre, and with an inscription or a motto\nsurrounding the device. A friend of the writer has in his possession three\nsuch lids of warming-pans, one of which has engraven on the centre a hart\npassant, and above his back a shield, bearing the arms of Devereux, the\nwhole surrounded by this inscription:--\n\n \"THE . EARLE . OF . ESSEX . HIS . ARMES.\"\n\nAnother bears the arms of the commonwealth, (as seen on the coins of the\nProtectorate,) encircled with an inscription, thus:--\n\n \"ENGLANDS . STATS . ARMES.\"\n\nThe third bears a talbot passant, with the date above its back, 1646, and\nthe motto round:--\n\n \"IN . GOD . IS . ALL . MY . TRUST.\"\n\nIt appears to me that the first two, at least, belonged to _inns_, known by\nthe respective signs indicated by the mottos, &c.; the first probably in\nhonour of the Lord-General of the Parliament's army, who was the last\nDevereux bearing the title.\n\nThat last described affords a curious illustration of a passage cited in\nEllis's _Brand_ (ed. 1849, vol. i. p. 245.), from _The Welsh Levite tossed\nin a Blanket_, 1691.\n\n    \"Our _garters_, bellows, and _warming-pans_ wore godly mottos,\" &c.\n\nIn further illustration, I may mention that the owner of the warming-pans\nhas in his possession likewise a beautifully manufactured long silk\n_garter_, of perhaps about the same date, in which are woven the following\nwords:--\n\n \"LOVE . NOT . THE . WORLD . IN . WHICH . THOU . MUST . NOT . STAY.\n  BUT . LOVE . THE . TREASURE . THAT . ABIDES . ALWAY.\"\n\nH. G. T.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTES ON JESSE'S \"LONDON AND ITS CELEBRITIES.\"\n\nDuring my perusal of Mr. Jesse's pleasant volumes, I marked two or three\nslips of the pen, which it may not be amiss to make a note of.\n\nIn vol. i. pp. 403, 404, 405., there is a curious treble error regarding\nThomas Sutton, the munificent founder of the Charter House. He is\nsuccessively styled _Sir_ Thomas, _Sir Richard_, and _Sir Robert_. Sutton's\nChristian name was Thomas. He was never knighted. Of the quaint leaden case\nwhich incloses his remains, and of its simple inscription, an accurate\ndrawing, with accompanying particulars, by your able correspondent Mr. E.\nB. PRICE, was inserted in the _Gent. Mag._ for January, 1843, p. 43. The\ninscription runs thus: \"1611. THOMAS SUTTON, ESQUIAR.\"\n\nVol. ii. pp. 34, 35, 36. Mr. Jesse's ingenious suggestions relative to the\ntradition of the burial of Oliver Cromwell in Red Lion Square, merit the\ncareful attention of all London antiquaries.\n\nIb. p. 316.:\n\n    \"There is no evidence of Clement's Inn having been a Court of Law\n    previous to 1486.\"\n\nFor \"a court of law,\" read \"an inn of court.\" {85}\n\nIb. p. 339. Erratum, line 9, in reference to Mrs. Garrick's reopening of\nher house, for the first time after her husband's decease--for \"1701\" read\n\"1781,\" obviously a printer's error.\n\nIb. p. 423.:\n\n    \"Cranmer's successor in the see of Canterbury was Archbishop Whitgift.\"\n\nWhitgift was _Grindal's_ successor, and Grindal was preceded by Parker, who\nmust be deemed Cranmer's successor. Cranmer perished in 1556. Parker was\nmade archbishop in 1559.\n\nMr. Jesse will not be angry, I am sure, with the above notes, or need any\napology for an attempt to add to the value of his book.\n\nHENRY CAMPKIN.\n\nReform Club, Jan. 10. 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Verstegan.--A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence in Antiquities,\nconcerning the most noble and renowned English Nation. By the Study and\nTravel of Richard Verstegan._--There is something so sonorous and stately\nin the very sound of the title of Master Richard Verstegan's etymological\ntreatise, that any bibliographical notice of it, I am sure, will find a\ncorner in \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\" The following MS. note is on a fly-leaf of\nmy copy, A.D. 1655:--\n\n    \"The first edition was printed at Antwerp, in 1605. A full account of\n    this work is given in Oldys's _British Librarian_, pp. 299 312. It\n    concludes with suggestions for improving any future editions: namely,\n    to add those animadversions, in their proper places, which have been\n    since occasionally made on some mistakes in it; as those made by Mr.\n    Sheringham on his fancy of the _Vitae_ being the ancient inhabitants of\n    the Isle of Wight, &c. But more especially should be admitted the\n    corrections of the learned Mr. Somner, he having left large marginal\n    notes upon Verstegan's whole book, as we are informed by Bishop\n    Kennett, the late accurate author of his Life. This advice has never\n    been acted upon.\"\n\nTo this is subjoined a notice of Verstegan's _Poems_.\n\n    \"There is a thin 12mo. volume of _Poems_ by Richard Verstegan, of which\n    only one perfect copy is known. Dr Farmer had it; then a Mr. Lloyd, who\n    disposed of it, when it sold for 22l. 1s. Mr. Faber now has it. Another\n    copy, completed by MS., had belonged to T. Park, which was sold at\n    Sotheby's, March 11. 1821, for 1l. 19s., and bought by Triphook.\"\n\nJ. YEOWELL.\n\nHoxton.\n\n_George Herbert and the Church at Leighton Bromswold.--Little\nGidding._--Some of your readers may not be aware that George Herbert built\nthe church of Leighton Bromswold, Hunts as well as that of Bemerton. The\nchurch stands about three-quarters of a mile to the right of the road from\nHuntingdon to Thrapston, and a view of it is given in Zouch's 4to. edition\nof Isaac Walton's _Lives_; it is stated, in a note, to be near Spalding,\nfor which read _Spaldwick_. Herbert desired the pulpit and reading-desk to\nbe placed on opposite sides of the church, and of the same height; to show\nthat \"preaching ought not to be esteemed above praying, nor praying above\npreaching.\"\n\nQuery, What is the state of the interior _now_, as to pews, &c.?\n\nThe nuns, if I may so call them, in the monastery at Little Gidding, Hunts,\nemployed themselves in covering or in ornamenting the covers of books, in\npatterns, with silver and coloured-silk threads: a friend of mine in Surrey\nhas a small volume so ornamented by them.\n\nE. H.\n\nNorwich, Jan. 20.\n\n_Etymology of Kobold._--At page 239. of Mr. Bohn's edition of Keightley's\n_Fairy Mythology_, we find that Mr. K., after heading a chapter with\n\"Kobolds,\" says in a note:--\n\n    \"This word is usually derived from the Greek [Greek: kobalos], a knave,\n    _but as this is only found in lexicographers_, it may in reality be a\n    Teutonic word in a Greek form.\"\n\nSurely, Mr. Keightley has forgotten the following passages--\n\n1. Ar. Equites, 450. Dindf. [Conf. Ranae, 1015.]\n\n \"[Greek: KLEON: KOBALOS ei.]\n                      [Greek: ALL. panourgos ei.]\"\n\n2. Ejusdem fab., 635.:\n\n \"[Greek: Bereschethoi te kai KOBALOI kai Mothon.]\"\n\n3. Plutus, 279.:\n\n \"[Greek: hos mothon ei te kai phusei KOBALOS.]\"\n\n4. Aristotle, _H. A._ 8. 12. 12. [Bekker Oxon.] says of a bird,\n\n \"[Greek: kobalos kai mimetes.]\"\n\nIn the 2nd passage Liddell and Scott call [Greek: kobaloi] \"_mischievous\ngoblins_,\" which is exactly equivalent to \"kobolds.\"\n\nThe word is also used adjectively for \"knavish tricks,\" \"rogueries.\"\n\nSee _Equites_, 419.:\n\n \"[Greek: Kai, ne Di', alla g' esti mou kobala paidos ontos.]\"\n\nRanae, 104:--\n\n \"[Greek: he men kobala g' estin, hos kai soi dokei.]\"\n\nIn _Equites_, 332. we find [Greek: kobalikeumata], \"the tricks of a [Greek:\nkobalos].\"\n\nP. J. F. GANTILLON.\n\n_Judas Cup_ (Vol. ii., p. 298.).--In the _Ancient Monuments, Rites, and\nCustoms of Durham_, published by the Surtees Society, we have the following\naccount of \"Judas Cup\" in the refectory, which is described as--\n\n    \"A goodly great mazer, called Judas Cup, edged about {86} with silver\n    and double gilt, with a foot underneath it to stand on, of silver and\n    double gilt, which was never used but on Maunday Thursday at night in\n    the Frater House, where the prior and the whole convent did meet and\n    keep their Maunday.\" (p. 68.)\n\nI send this with reference to the mention of the \"Judas Bell\" and \"Judas\nCandle\" in your 2nd Volume, p. 298.\n\nECHO.\n\n_Essheholt Priory._--Esholt Hall (now in the possession of W. R. C.\nStansfield, Esq.) is the same as the ancient priory of Essheholt, which was\nunder the abbot of Kirkstall.\n\nThis priory fell, of course, with the smaller houses, and was valued at\n19l. 0s. 8d. Essheholt remained in the crown till the first year of Edward\nVI., nine years after the dissolution, when it was granted to Henry\nThompson, Gent., one of the king's gens-d'armes at Boulogne. In this family\nthe priory of Esholt remained somewhat more than a century, when it was\ntransferred to the neighbouring and more distinguished house of Calverley\nby the marriage of Frances, daughter and heiress of H. Thompson, Esq., with\nSir Walter Calverley. His son, Sir Walter Calverley, Bart., built, on the\nsite of the old priory, the house which now stands.\n\nOver a door of one of the out-buildings is an inscription in ancient\nletters, from which may be traced--\"Aleisbet. Pudaci, p----,\" with a bird\nsitting on the last letter p. (Elizabeth Pudsay, prioress).\n\nThe builder of the present house died in 1749; and, in 1755, his son of the\nsame name sold the manor-house and furniture to Robert Stansfield, Esq., of\nBradford; from whom the present owner is descended.[1]\n\nCHAS. W. MARKHAM.\n\nJan. 10. 1851.\n\n[Footnote 1: Thoresby's _History of Leeds_.]\n\n_Crossing Rivers on Skins_ (Vol. iii., p. 3.).--Mr. C. M. G., a near\nrelative of mine, who lately returned from naval service on the Indus, told\nme, last year, that he had often seen there naked natives employed in\nfishing. The man, with his fishing-tackle, launches himself on the water,\nsustained by a large hollow earthen vessel having a round protuberant\nopening on one side. To this opening the fisherman applies his abdomen, so\nas to close the vessel against the influx of water; and clinging to this\nair-filled buoy, floats about quite unconcernedly, and plies his\nfishing-tackle with great success. The analogy between this Oriental buoy\nand the inflated skins mentioned by Layard and by your correspondent JANUS\nDOUSA, is sufficiently remarkable to deserve a note.\n\nG. F. G.\n\nEdinburgh.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.\n\n(_Continued from_ Vol. ii., p. 493.)\n\n(31.) P. H. F. (Vol. iii., pp. 24, 25.) has described a 12mo., or rather an\n8vo., copy of Latin Psalter in his possession, and he wishes to know\nwhether Montanus had any connexion with one of the translations therein\nexhibited. The title-page of your correspondent's volume will tell him\nprecisely what the book contains. He had better not rely too much upon MS.\nremarks in any of his treasures; and when a bibliographical question is\nbeing investigated, let _Cyclopaedias_ by all means not be disturbed from\ntheir shelves. Would it not be truly marvellous if a volume, printed by\nRobert Stephens in 1556, could in that year have presented, by prolepsis,\nto its precocious owner a version which Bened. Arias Montanus did not\nexecute until 1571? But P. H. F.'s communication excites another query. He\nappears to set a special value upon his Psalter because that the verses are\nin it distinguished by cyphers; but Pagnini's whole Bible, which I spoke\nof, came thirty years before it, and we have still to go nearly twenty\nyears farther back in search of the earliest example of the employment of\nArabic figures to mark the verses in the Book of Psalms. The _Quincuplex\nPsalterium_, by Jacques le Fevre, is a most beautiful book, perhaps the\nfinest production of the press of Henry Stephens the elder; and not only\nare the verses numbered in the copy before me, which is of the improved\n\"secunda emissio\" in 1513, but the initial letters of them are in red. At\nsignature A iiij. there is a very handsome woodcut of the letter A.,\nsomewhat of a different style, from the larger (not the Ascensian) P.,\nwithin the periphery of which St. Paul is represented, and which is so well\nworthy of notice in Le Fevre's edition of the _Epistole diui Pauli\nApostoli_, Paris, 1517. The inquiry toward which I have been travelling is\nthis, When did Henry Stephens first make use of the open Ratdoltian letter\non dotted ground? (See Maitland's _Lambeth List_, p. 328. Dibdin's _Typog.\nAntiq._ vol. i., Prel. Disquis., p. xl.)\n\n(32.) Is there extant any collation of the various exemplars of the\n_Alphabetum divini Amoris_? And has an incontrovertible opinion been formed\nas to the paternity of this tract? For the common error of ascribing it to\nGerson is entirely inexcusable, as this Parisian chancellor is frequently\nalleged therein. The third volume of his works, set forth by Du Pin, in\n1706, contains this \"Treatise of the Elevation of the Soul to God,\" and the\neditor has left the blunder uncorrected in his _Eccles. Hist._ iii. 53.\nAgain, can it be affirmed that the folio impression of Louvain, (Panzer,\nix. 243.), in which Gerson's name occurs, was assuredly anterior to the\nsmall black-letter and {87} anonymous editions, likewise without dates? Two\nof the latter (one much older than the other) are of 12mo. size, in 8vo.,\nas is also Bonaventura's _Stimulus divini Amoris_, printed in 1510 and\n1517.\n\n(33.) In what way can we detect the propounder of the _Notabilis expositio\nsuper canonem misse_? His work is of small folio size without mention of\nplace or year; but it certainly proceeded from Nuremberg, and was it not\none of the _primitiae_ of Creusner?\n\n(34.) Who is designated by the letters \"G. N. N. D.,\" which are put at the\nhead of the Epistle to Zuinglius, _De Magistris nostris Lovaniensibus, quot\net quales sint_? And why has the _Vita S. Nicolai, sive Stultitiae\nExemplar_, originally attached to this performance, been omitted by Dr.\nMuench in his edition of the _Epistolae obscurorum Vivorum, aliaque aevi\ndecimi sexti Monimenta rarissima_, Leipzig, 1827? If he had reprinted this\nvery desirable appendix, it would have furnished him with the date \"Anno\nM.D.XX.,\" which would have prevented him from assigning this satirical\ncomposition to the year \"1521.\" (Einl. p. 408.)\n\n(35.) A student can scarcely be considered moderately well versed in\nancient ecclesiastical documents who has neither read nor heard of the\n_Somnium Viridarii_; and we may wonder at, and pity, the learned Goldast,\nfor having fallen into the extravagant mistake of attributing this Latin\ntranslation of the celebrated Dialogue, _Le Songe du Verger_, to\n\"Philotheus Achillinus, Consiliarius Regius.\" (_Monarch. S. Rom. Imper_. i.\n58. Hanov. 1612.) The question arises, How was he misled? Was it not\nthrough a strange misconception of a sentence in the _Silva Nuptialis_ of\nNevizan, to which he refers in his preliminary \"Dissertatio de Auctoribus?\"\nThis writer, who has been plentifully purified by the Roman _Index_, had\ncited the preface of an Italian poem, \"Il Viridario,\" composed by his\ncontemporary, Giovanni FILOTEO ACHILLINI; and is it thus that an author of\nthe sixteenth century has got credit for an anonymous achievement of the\nfourteenth age? Goldastus has hardly been out-Heroded by those who have\ndevised an individual named _Viridarius_, or \"Le Sieur _du Vergier_.\" (See\nBaillet, _Deguisemens des Auteurs_, p. 479., and M. De la Monnoye's note,\npp. 501-2.)\n\n(36.) Is there not a transpositional misprint in the colophon of the old\nGerman _Life of S. Dorothea_, the so-called patroness of Prussia? For it\nwould seem to be inevitable that we should endeavour to elicit 1492, and\nnot 1512, from the following date: \"Den Dingstag nach Gregory als man\ntzelete, M.CCCC. unde cxii.\" (Vid. Lilienthal, _Histor. B. Doroth_. p. 6.\nDantisc., 1744.)\n\n(37.):--\n\n    \"The Original Manuscript of both volumes of this History will be\n    deposited in the Cotton Library, by\n\n    \"T. BURNETT.\"\n\nHas this declaration been inserted, in the handwriting of Thomas Burnet, on\nthe reverse of the title-page of the second volume, in all large-paper\ncopies (and is it strictly limited to them?) of Bishop Burnet's _History of\nhis own Time_, Lond., 1734? Compare the printed \"Advertisement to the\nReader\" in the first volume, published in 1724.\n\n(38.) Mr. T. R. Hampson, the author of _Medii AEvi Kalendarium_, which has,\nI believe, been commended in \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" informs us, in a precious\nproduction which he has lately issued on the _Religious Deceptions of the\nChurch of Rome_, p. 30., that--\n\n    \"Dr. Geddes, himself a learned Romanist, has selected many [remarkable\n    errors] in his tract, _A Discovery of some Gross Mistakes in the Roman\n    Martyrology_.\"\n\nOnly fancy a Romanist, learned or unlearned, having the effrontery to\nbestow so outrageous an appellation upon such an exploit. Does not the\nsecond volume of _Miscellaneous Tracts_, in which the said treatise may be\nseen, explicitly admonish us to remember that Michael Geddes, LL.D., was\nerst a chancellor of the Church of Sarum? \"Quid Romae faciam?\" he\nupbraidingly asks in one of his title-pages, \"mentiri nescio.\"\n\nR. G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Bishops' Lands_.--In the month of September, 1642, the Parliament\nappointed a committee for the sale of Bishops' lands; and an account of\nsome sold between 1647 and 1651, will be found in vol. i. of the\n_Collectanea Topographica_, 8vo., 1834. On the Restoration, a committee sat\nto inquire into these sales and make satisfaction. Bishop Kennet refers to\na MS. containing the orders of the commissioners, but does not state where\nthe MS. was deposited; nor has Sir Frederic Madden, who communicated that\narticle to the _Collectanea_, met with it anywhere.\n\nCan any of your correspondents give any information upon the subject, or\nsay where may be found any accounts of the sales of the lands under the\nparliamentary orders, or of the proceedings of the commissioners appointed\nto make restitution upon the king's restoration?\n\nG.\n\n_The Barons of Hugh Lupus_.--It appears by the charter foundation to the\nabbey of St. Werburge at Chester, that several very eminent persons held\nthe rank of Baron, under Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester. The charter is signed\nby the earl himself and by the following barons: Richard, son of Hugh\nLupus; Hervey, Bishop of Bangor; Ranulph de Meschines, nephew of the earl;\nRoger Bigod, Alan de Perci, William Constabular, Ranulph Dapifer, William\nMalbanc, Robert Fitz-Hugh, Hugh Fitz-Norman, Hamo de Masci, and Bigod de\nLoges. {88}\n\nCan any of your readers inform us what befel the families and descendants\nof William Malbanc, and Bigod de Loges? The descendants of the rest are too\nwell authenticated to need inquiry.\n\nP.\n\n_Can the Queen make a Gentleman?_--The following is from the Patent Rolls\n(13 Ric. II. pars. 1. m. 37. Prynne's _Fourth Institutes_, p. 68.):--\n\n    \"Le Roy a tous ceux as queux cestes Lettres viendrount. Sachez qe come\n    un Chivalier Fraunceys, a ceo qe nous Soums enformez, ad chalenge un\n    nostre Liege, Johan de Kyngeston, a faire certeinez faitz et pointz\n    darmes oveske le dit Chivalier. Nous a fyn qe le dit nostre liege soit\n    le multz honerablement resceuz a faire puisse et perfourmir les ditz\n    faitz et pointz d'armes _luy avons resceux en lestat de Gentile homme,\n    et luy fait Esquier_. Et volons, qil soit conuz par armes, et porte\n    desore enavant, Cestassavoir d'argent ove une, chapewe Dazure ovesque\n    une plume Dostrich de goules. Et ceo a tous yeaux as queux y appertient\n    nous notifions pu ycelles. En tesmoignance de quelle chose nous avons\n    fait faire cestes noz lettres patentes. Done souz nostre grant Seal a\n    nostre Paleys de Westm. le primer jour de Juyll.\n\n     \"Par brief de Prive Seal.\"\n\nH. WITHAM.\n\n_Plafery_.--In Carew's masque of _Coelum Britannicum_, acted before the\ncourt at Whitehall, the 18th of February, 1633; Momus, arriving from\nOlympus immediately after Mercury, says to him--\n\n    \"The hosts upon the highway cry out with open mouth upon you, for\n    supporting _plafery_ in your train; which, though, as you are the god\n    of petty larceny, you might protect, yet you know it is directly\n    _against the new orders_, and oppose the reformation in diameter.\"\n\nWhat is _plafery_? It is evident that the joking allusion to it was rather\nbold, for Mercury exclaims,--\n\n \"Peace, railer, bridle your licentious tongue,\n  And let this presence teach you modesty.\"\n\nB. R. I.\n\n_St. John's Bridge Fair._--In what county in England was St. John's Bridge\nFair held in the year 1614, and in what town in the county?\n\nJOSEPHUS.\n\n_Queries on Costume._--In Wilson's _Life of De Foe_ there is an anecdote of\nCharles II. concealing himself, when a fugitive from Worcester, beneath a\nlady's hoop, while his pursuers searched the house in which he had taken\nrefuge. Were hoops worn so early as the year 1651? In the _Book of Costume_\nI find no mention of them before the beginning of the eighteenth century;\nbut I do not think this circumstance conclusive, as the \"Lady of Rank\" is\nnot always very accurate.\n\nWriting in the reign of Anne, she says, \"Fans were now very much used,\" but\nomits to mention that they were in fashion long before, having been\nindispensable to Catherine of Braganza and her ladies at home and abroad,\nin the church and the theatre.\n\n\"Long gloves,\" says the Lady of Rank, \"began to be worn by the ladies in\nthis reign.\" (Queen Anne's).\n\n\"Twelve dozen Martial,[2] whole and half,\" says Evelyn:--were not _whole_\nMartial gloves, long?\n\nWEDSECNARF.\n\n[Footnote 2: \"_Martial._--The name of a famous French perfumer, emulating\nthe Frangipani of Rome.\"--_Miscellaneous Writings of John Evelyn_, pp. 705.\n711. 4to. edit. 1825.]\n\n_Cum Grano Salis._--Sometime ago I asked from what figure is borrowed the\nexpression of \"Cum grano salis,\" and have had no reply. I can't find it in\nErasmus. Once a very clever Cambridge man said that it meant \"the thing\nmust be swallowed with a little Attic salt to make it go down pleasantly.\"\nI don't think that he was right.\n\nE. H.\n\n_Earl of Clarendon's Daughter, Lucretia._--I should be very glad to learn\nwhether the great Earl of Clarendon had a daughter named Lucretia. A friend\nof mine is descended from Dr. Marsh, archbishop of Armagh, who (it is said)\nmarried Lucretia, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon, and was the father of\nLucretia, wife of Dr. McNeil, Dean of Down and Connor.\n\nWEDSECNARF.\n\n_Vandyke's Portrait of Lord Aubigny._--Can any of your correspondents give\nany information respecting a portrait, by Vandyke, of George Lord Aubigny,\nbrother to the Duke of Richmond and Lennox? There is no doubt that such a\npicture once existed.\n\nL.\n\n_Foundation Stone of St. Mark's, Venice._--In vol. xxvi. of the\n_Archaeologia_ is a paper by the late Mr. Douce, \"On the foundation stone of\nthe original church of St. Mark, at Venice,\" &c., accompanied by an\nengraving of the mutilated object itself, which also appears to have been\nsubmitted to the inspection of the Society of Antiquaries at the time the\npaper was read. The essay contains, in reality, very little information\nrelating to the stone, and that little is of no very satisfactory kind; and\nI have never been able to divest myself of the idea that it bears somewhat\nthe semblance of a hoax. Were I inclined to discuss the points which have\nsuggested this notion, the necessity there is for brevity in corresponding\nwith the Editor of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" would preclude my doing it; but I\nmust quote the following passage, which comes immediately after the\nstatement that the original church, in the foundation of which this stone\nwas deposited, was destroyed in 976.\n\n    \"It is very possible that, in clearing away the rubbish of the old\n    church, the original foundation stone was discovered, and, in some way\n    or other, at present not traceable, preserved.\"\n\n{89} If the fact is so, this stone, \"of a circular form, the diameter six\ninches and a quarter, its thickness half an inch,\" must have been loose in\nthe world for 858 years from its exhumation to 1834, when Mr. Douce's essay\nwas read, and during that time has lost only the least important part of\nits inscription and ornaments.\n\nCan any one say where this stone now is? When and where Mr. Douce obtained\nit? And, I must add, what history was attached to it when in his\npossession? for he was not a person likely to possess such an object\nwithout, at least, endeavouring to trace its history. On these points the\nessay contains not a word.\n\nH. C. R.\n\n_Coins of Richard Cromwell_.--Will any of your numismatical readers inform\nme whether there are any coins or medals known of Richard Cromwell, either\nduring his chancellorship of Oxford, or his short protectorate of these\nrealms?\n\nBLOWER.\n\n_Cataracts of the Nile_.--Seneca (_Nat. Quaest._ iv. 2.) tells a story of\nthe natives suffering themselves to be carried down in sport, which Rollin\nsays is confirmed by modern travellers; but can this be so? Can any one\ngive the names of any of these travellers, and supply the blank thus left\nby the historian?\n\nS. G.\n\n_Paternoster Tackling.--Dancing Trenchmore._--What is the origin and\nmeaning of this term? also of the phrase \"Dancing Trenchmore?\"\n\nS. G.\n\n_Hymns_.--Will some of your correspondents favour me with a copy of \"Queen\nMary's Lament,\" a translation of which appeared in Coxe's delightful\n_Christian Ballads_. Also Adam of St. Victor's \"exquisite poem\" on the\nCross, referred to by Mr. Trench in his _Sacred Latin Poetry_?\n\nJARLTZBERG.\n\n_Camden and Curwen Families._--Camden, in his _Britannia_, art.\n\"Cumberland,\" mentions his descent, by the mother's side, from the Curwens\nof Workington. Should any of your numerous correspondents be able to trace\ntheir descent, he would much oblige a member of that family.\n\nH. C.\n\n_Jartuare._--Can any of your readers oblige me with any account of a\nprinted book called _Jartuare?_ Its date would be early in the sixteenth\ncentury, if not earlier.\n\nW.(1.)\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nJOHN BUNYAN AND HIS PORTRAIT.--DID BUNYAN KNOW HOBBES?\n\n(Vol. ii., pp. 476. 518.; Vol. iii., p. 70.)\n\nThe best portrait of John Bunyan was drawn and engraved by White, to the\n_Holy War_, 1682. The original drawing, and a fine impression of the\nengraving, is preserved in the illustrated Grainger's _History of England_,\nin the print-room at the British Museum. It was copied in folio for\nBunyan's _Works_. It has been recently copied for Mr. Bogue's elegant\nedition of the _Pilgrim_, and for the first complete edition of Bunyan's\n_Works_, now publishing by Messrs. Blackie and Sons, Glasgow. A fac-simile\nwas engraved for an edition of the _Pilgrim_, by Mr. Pickering, 8vo. 1849.\n\nThat the great allegorist was not the author of _Heart's Ease_ in _Heart\nTrouble_ is perfectly clear, not only that the style is very different, but\nfrom the author being known. It was first published in 1690, under the\ninitials of J. B., and the Epistle is dated \"From the house of my\npilgrimage, March, 1690.\" Bunyan died in August, 1688. Mr. Palmer, in his\n_Calamy_, vol. ii. p.16., states that the author was James Birdwood.\n\nWhether Bunyan was acquainted with Hobbes depends upon the authority of a\nsmall volume of _Visions of Heaven and Hell_, published under the name of\nBunyan. In this it is represented that he saw poor Hobbes in hell, and\nrecognised an old acquaintance.\n\nThe earliest edition of _The Visions_ which I have been able to discover,\nis at \"London: printed for Edward Midwinter, at the Looking Glass upon\nLondon Bridge, price, bound, one shilling;\" without date. It was printed\nearly in the reign of George I.; this is seen in an advertisement of books\nat the end, among which is _The Lives of the Monarchs of England to his\npresent Majesty King George_. It is entitled, _The Visions of John Bunyan,\nbeing his last remains_. There is no account of either of this, or the\n_Heart's Ease_, in _The Struggler for the Preservation of Mr. John Bunyan's\nLabours_. This gives a list of forty-three works published by him, and of\nseventeen left by him at his decease for publication. If _The Visions_ were\nwritten by him, it must have escaped the search of his widow and surviving\nfriends; but the style at once proves that it was not a production of his\nprolific pen. Bunyan's style was remarkably simple and plain. The following\nphrases extracted from _The Visions_ will carry conviction to every\nreader:--\n\n    \"Mormo's of a future state,\" \"metempsychosis of nature,\" \"nefandous\n    villanies,\" \"diurnal and annual,\" \"my visive faculty,\"\n    \"soul-transparent and diaphonous,\" \"translucid ray,\" \"terrene\n    enjoyments,\" \"our minds are clarified,\" \"types both of the ante and\n    post-diluvian world,\" \"the tenuity thereof,\" \"the aereal heavens,\"\n    \"effluxes of divine glory,\" \"all aenigmas,\" \"corruscations of his divine\n    nature,\" \"Solomon's mystick epithalamium,\" \"the epiphonema,\"\n    \"propinquity in nature,\" \"diversified refractions,\" \"too bright and too\n    diaphonous,\" \"sweet odes and eniphalamics,\" \"amarantine crown,\" \"bright\n    corruscancy,\" \"palinodies and elegies,\" \"no cataplasm,\" \"eccentricks\n    quite exterminate,\" \"mutual assassinates,\" &c. &c.\n\nSuch phrases and terms plain John Bunyan utterly despised. They prove, as\ndoes the whole plan of the treatise, that it must have been a very\ndifferent man to the author of the _Pilgrim's Progress_ who wrote these\n_Visions_.\n\n{90} It is not likely that Hobbes and Bunyan were acquainted; they lived in\ndistant parts of the country. Bunyan's _Pilgrim_, which was the foundation\nof his wide-spread fame, was not published till 1678, when the Leviathan\nphilosopher was ninety years of age; he died in 1679. Hobbes' company were\nthe learned and illustrious among men,--the Des Carteses, Gassendis, and\nWallises of his age; while Bunyan associated with the despised\nNonconformists. Nor is is likely that Bunyan read the _Leviathan_; Dent's\n_Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven, The Practice of Piety_, Fox's _Martyrs_,\nand, above all, his Bible, constituted his library during his imprisonment\nfor conscience-sake, which lasted from 1660 to 1672. Had he suffered from\nHobbes's philosophy, he would have proclaimed it upon the house-tops,\nespecially in his _Grace Abounding_, that others might have been guarded\nfrom such dangerous scepticism. The _Vision_ of Hobbes was doubtless\nintended to render the forgery more popular.\n\nGEORGE OFFOR.\n\nHackney, Jan. 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE MOTHER CHURCH OF THE SAXONS.\n\nIn \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" (Vol. ii., p. 478.) SIR HENRY ELLIS observes, that--\n\n    \"Although St. Martin's, Canterbury, is commonly called the mother\n    church of England on account of its having been the first used here by\n    Augustine, tradition represents, that when this missionary arrived in\n    Kent, he found an ancient church on the site of what is now called St.\n    Martin's.\"\n\nSIR H. ELLIS adds, that--\n\n    \"A charter of King Canute's styles Saviour's church, Canterbury, the\n    mother and mistress of all churches in the kingdom of\n    England.\"-_AEcclesia Salvatoris_, &c.\n\nI conceive these accounts to be perfectly reconcilable. From Bede's\n_Ecclesiastical History_ (b. i., caps. 25, 26.), we learn that, on the east\nside of Canterbury, in the year 597, there was a church dedicated to the\nhonour of St. Martin, that was \"built while the Romans were still in the\nisland,\" some two hundred years before this date. St. Martin's was the\nchurch wherein Bertha, Queen of Kent, used to pray; she having been a\nChristian of the Royal Family of the Franks.\n\nIt will, of course, be allowed that during the sixth, seventh, and eighth\ncenturies, different saints were held in especial honour in different\ncountries. For instance, not long after the arrival of the Roman\nmissionaries in England, various churches and monasteries,--at Canterbury,\nLindisfarne, Bamborough, Lichfield, Weremouth, and Jarrow, and the capital\ncity of the Picts,--were wholly or partially named after St. Peter. When\nNaitan, King of the Picts, was about to build his church, he sought the\nassistance of the Abbot of Weremouth, a strong supporter of Roman\nobservances, and \"promised to dedicate the same in honour of St. Peter,\"\nand to follow the custom of the Roman church, in certain matters, which the\nsubjects of his kingdom had protested against, for more than a hundred\nyears.\n\nNow, on the occasion of Queen Bertha's leaving France, she was accompanied\nto England by a bishop of her native country, named Luidhard; and when it\nis remembered that they settled in Kent, amongst heathens of great\nsuperstition,--an example of which is recorded on the part of her own\nhusband,--it is natural to suppose they would, in some public manner, seek\nthe especial protection of the popular saint of France; and that saint was\nMartin. For so profound was the popular veneration which the Franks at one\nperiod offered to the power of Saint Martin, that they even computed\nordinary occurrences and national events, by an era which commenced with\nthe year of his death.[3]\n\nIt is therefore very probable that the public act of reverence just alluded\nto, consisted in a new dedication of the repaired church, by adding to the\nancient name that of St. Martin.\n\nThat a practice of altering the names of sacred edifices in this manner was\ncommon at the date under consideration, cannot be questioned. For example,\nBishop Aidan, about the year 652, built a church in the island of\nLindisfarne, the name of which is now unknown. This structure, however,\nhaving been destroyed by a fire, his successor, Finan, erected another on\nthe same site, and apparently of the same name. But when a second fire\ndestroyed this church also, in some five and twenty or thirty years, \"a\nlarger church\" was erected on the old site, and gratefully \"dedicated in\nhonour of St. Peter,\" by Theodore of Roman appointment, \"the first\narchbishop whom all the English church obeyed.\" (_Bede_, iii. 17. and 25.,\nand iv. 2.) Here, then, a new name was given to a church on the site of a\nformer one of different appellation; and in Lichfield, we have two examples\nof similar alterations in the names of churches; one St. Chad's Church,\nStow, and the other, the cathedral. On the site of the former, according to\nBede, Bishop Chad built a St. Mary's Church, hard by which he was buried;\n\"but afterwards, when the church of the most holy prince of the apostles,\nPeter, was built, his bones were translated into it.\" (_Ecc. History_, iv.\n3.) That is to say, when Chad was canonised, his remains were removed to\nthe site of the present cathedral, as relics over which the principal\nchurch of the Mercian kingdom was to be erected.\n\nThroughout the various documents relating to this church, which are\npreserved in Dugdale's _Monasticon_, vol. iii. pp. 219-255, Savoy edition,\n{91} the cathedral is generally styled the church of St. Mary and St. Chad.\nAnd again, on a recently discovered seal of the dean and chapter, engraved\nsome two hundred years after Stephen's reign, the inscription is this:\n\n    \"S' DECANI ET CAPL'I ECCLE'IE SCE MARIE ET SCI CEDDE LYCHFELD' AD\n    CAS.\"[4]\n\nBut in a grant from King Stephen to Bishop Roger de Clinton, who commenced\nthe present fabric, it is simply styled _ecclesia Sancti Ceddae de\nLichfield_; and in the year 1341 a document was addressed _Decano et\nCapitulo ecclesiae Sancti Ceddae Lych'_, as may be learned from the\n_Foedera_, vol. ii. p. 2.\n\nWe thus perceive, that the original name of Lichfield Cathedral has been\ndropped for centuries, and so has that of the church which Bishop Chad\nbuilt in honour of the Virgin Mary at Stow; for this Church has, for a long\ntime, been known only by the name of Stow Church, or by that of St. Chad's,\nStow.\n\nAnd in this manner, I fancy, may be reconciled the different names of\nSaviour's, or St. Saviour's, Canterbury, and St. Martin's, Canterbury; both\nalluding to the same church, THE MOTHER CHURCH of _Saxon_ England.\n\nJ. RAWSON, M.D.\n\nLichfield.\n\n[Footnote 3: See Brady's _Clavis Calendaria_, November 12.]\n\n[Footnote 4: See the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for August 1848; in which an\naccurate representation of this seal is given.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_The Frozen Horn_ (Vol. ii., p. 262.; Vol. iii., p. 25.).--In an old\nedition of _Hudibras_ now before me, I find the following note on the lines\nquoted by J. M. G.:--\n\n    \"Some report that in Nova Zembla and Greenland men's words are wont to\n    be frozen in the air, and at the thaw may be heard.\"\n\nThe application of the idea by Charles Dickens, in his _Old Curiosity\nShop_, is also, I think, extremely felicitous.\n\n    \"'Don't be frightened, mistress,' said Quilp, after a pause. 'Your son\n    knows me: I don't eat babies; I don't like 'em. It will be as well to\n    stop that young screamer though, in case I should be tempted to do him\n    a mischief. Holloa, Sir! will you be quiet?' _Little Jacob stemmed the\n    course of two tears which he was squeezing out of his eyes, and\n    instantly subsided into a silent horror.... The moment their_ [Quilp\n    and Swiveller] _backs were turned, little Jacob thawed, and resumed his\n    crying from the point where Quilp had frozen him._\"--Vol. i. pp. 207-9.\n\nJ. B. COLMAN.\n\n_To Pose._--In Vol. ii., p. 522., your correspondent F. R. A. points out\nsome passages in which the word \"posing\" appears to be used in a sense\nequivalent to \"parsing.\" Neither the etymology nor the exact meaning of the\nword \"to pose,\" are easy to determine. It seems to be abbreviated from the\nold verb \"to appose;\" which meant, to set a task, to subject to an\nexamination or interrogatory; and hence to perplex, to embarrass, to\npuzzle. The latter is the common meaning of the word _to pose_; thus in\nCrabbe's _Parish Register_:--\n\n \"Then by what name th' unwelcome guest to call,\n  Was long a question, and _it posed them all_.\"\n\nHence, too, the common expression, that a question which it is difficult to\nanswer, or an argument which seems to decide the controversy, is a _poser_.\nThe word \"posing\" in the passages cited by F. R. A. may refer to the\nexamination of the pupil by the teacher of grammar. Thus, Fuller, in his\n_Worthies_, art. Norfolk, says that--\n\n    \"The University appointed Dr. Cranmer, afterwards Archbishop of\n    Canterbury, to be the _poser-general_ of all candidates in divinity.\"\n\nRoquefort, _Gloss. de la Langue Romaine_, has \"apponer, appliquer, poser,\nplaier.\" See Richardson in _appose_ and _pose_.\n\nL.\n\n_Culprits torn by Horses_ (Vol. ii., p. 480.).--In reply to MR. JACKSON'S\nquestion respecting culprits torn by horses, I beg to inform him that\nRobert Francois Damiens was the last criminal thus executed in France. He\nsuffered on the 28th March, 1757, for an attempt on the life of Louis XV.\nThe awful penalty of the law was carried out in complete conformity with\nthe savage precedents of former centuries. Not one of the preparatory\nbarbarities of question, ordinary and extraordinary, or of the accompanying\natrocities of red-hot pincers, melted lead, and boiling oil, was omitted.\nThe agony of the wretched man lasted for an hour and a half, and was\nwitnessed, as Mercier informs us, by all the best company in Paris.\n\nThe men amused their leisure with cards, while waiting, as he says, for the\nboiling oil; and the women were the last to turn their eyes from the\nhideous spectacle. Your correspondent may be glad to be informed that the\nsame punishment was inflicted on Poltrot de Mere for the murder of the Duke\nof Guise, in 1563; on Salcede, in 1582, for conspiring against the Duke of\nAlencon; on Brilland, in 1588, for poisoning the Prince de Conde; on\nBourgoing, Prior of the Jacobins, as an accessory to the crime of Jaques\nClement, in 1590; and on Ravaillac, for the murder of Henry IV. in 1610.\nThese, with the case of Jean Chastel, are all of which I am aware. If any\nof your readers can add to the list, I shall feel obliged.\n\nAs I am upon the subject of judicial horrors, I would ask, whether any of\nyour correspondents can supply me with a reference to the case of a {92}\nwoman executed, I think in Paris, and, if my recollection serves, for a\nsystematic series of infanticides.\n\nShe was put to death by being suspended over a fire in an iron cage, in\nwhich a number of wild cats were shut up with her.\n\nI read the story many years ago, and for some time have been vainly\nendeavouring to recover it.\n\nJ. S.\n\n_Torn by Horses_ (Vol. ii., p. 522.).--This cruel mode of execution was\npractised both in antiquity and the middle ages. Livy, speaking of Tullus\nHostilius, says:--\n\n    \"Exinde, duabus admotis quadrigis, in currus earum distentum illigat\n    Mettum; deinde in diversum iter equi concitati, lacerum in utroque\n    curru corpus, qua inhaeserant vinculis membra, portantes. Avertere omnes\n    a tanta foedidate spectaculi oculos.\"--L. i., c. 28.\n\nLivy adds, that this was the first and last example of so savage a\npunishment among the Romans. The punishment, however, must have been\nwell-known in antiquity, as it is alluded to by Seneca among the tortures\nwhich accompanied death.\n\n    \"Cogita hoc loco carcerem, et cruces, et equleos, et uncum; et adactum\n    per medium hominem, qui per os emergat, stipitem; _et distracta in\n    diversum actis curribus membra_.\"--Epist. xiv. 4.\n\nGrimm (_Deutsche Rechtsalterthuemer_, p. 692.) quotes the following instance\nof this punishment from Gregory of Tours, _Hist. France_, iii. 7.:\n\n    \"Puellas crudelinece interfecerunt ita ut ligatis brachiis super\n    equorum cervicibus, ipsique acerrimo moti stimulo per diversa petentes\n    diversas in partes feminas diviserunt\"\n\nHe adds that it occurs frequently in the legends of the Carolingian period.\nThus Turpin, c. 26., describes as follows the punishment of the traitor\nGannalon:--\n\n    \"Jussit illum Carolus quatuor equis ferocissimis totius exercitus\n    alligari, et super eos quatuor sessores agitantes contra quatuor plagas\n    coeli, et sic digna morte discerptus interiit.\"\n\nAlmost all cruel punishments have been used in the East, and it is not\nimprobable that execution by means of horses may be mentioned in some\noriental narrative.\n\nL.\n\n_The Conquest_ (Vol. ii., p. 440.).--In _Cambria Triumphans_, by Percy\nEnderbie, at p. 283, will be found a copy of a deed, the conclusion of\nwhich runs thus:--\n\n    \"Sigilla nostra apposuimus in Castro nostro de Burgavenny vicessimo\n    secundo die Julii, anno regni Regis Henrici sexti, post _Conquestum_\n    vicessimo septimo.\"\n\nThe word is here used for the accession of the King.\n\nS. K.\n\n_Mayors--their correct Prefix_ (Vol. i., p. 380.).--Since propounding my\nQuery in Vol. i., p. 380., relative to this subject, I have to inform your\nreaders, that I have been favoured with the opinion of gentlemen very high\nin official authority on all points connected with heraldry and the rules\nof precedence; which is, that the proper style of the mayor of a borough is\n\"the worshipful;\" and they are further of opinion, that there can be no\nground for styling the mayor of a city \"the right worshipful.\"\n\nJ.\n\n_True Blue_ (Vol. iii., p. 27.).--On the origin of this expression, I must\nclaim the right to dissent from your correspondent G. F. G., who appears to\nhave fallen into the error of confining a form of very wide application to\none particular case, in which he discovers a trifling coincidence of fact.\nThe connexion of the colour blue with truth is of very ancient date, of\nwhich the following may for the present suffice as an example:--\n\n \"And by hire beddes hed she made a mew\n  And covered it with velouettes blew,\n  In signe of trouth, that is in woman sene.\"\n                  Chaucer, _Squiere's Tale_.\n\nBlue, in the early practice of the tinctorial art, appears to have been the\nmost humble of the colours in use, and the least affected by any external\ninfluence; and, down to the present day, if certain tints of recent\ninvention be excepted, the same character may be claimed for it. What then\nmore natural, than that it should be taken as the type of immutability, or\nthat every party, political or religious, should in turn assume it as the\nbadge of honesty of purpose, and of firm adherence to their principles?\n\nF. S. Q.\n\n_Modum Promissionis_ (Vol. ii., pp. 279, 347, 468.).--This phrase is\nperhaps connected with the promissivus modus, _i.e._ tempus promissivum or\nfuturum of Diomedes and other mediaeval grammarians.\n\nT. J.\n\n_Fronte capillata, &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 8. 43.).--The representation of\n\"Occasio,\" or \"Opportunity,\" with hair in front, and bald behind, is far\nmore ancient than the drama referred to by your correspondent G. A. S.\n\nIn the _Anthologia_ (Brunck's edition, vol. ii. p. 49.) the following\nbeautiful epigram is the 13th by Posidippus:--\n\n              [Greek: Eis Agalma tou Kairou.]\n  [Greek: Tis, pothen ho plastes? Sikuonios. Ounoma de tis?]\n    [Greek: Lusippos. Su de, tis? Kairos ho pandamator.]\n  [Greek: Tipte d' ep' akra bebekas? Aei trochao. Ti de tarsous]\n    [Greek: Possin echeis diphueis? Hiptam' hupenemios.]\n  [Greek: Cheiri de dexiterei ti phereis xuron? Andrasi deigma]\n    [Greek: Hos akmes pases oxuteros teletho.]\n  [Greek: He de kome, ti kat' opsin? Hupantiasanti labesthai,]\n    [Greek: Ne Dia. Taxopithen pros ti phalakra pelei?]\n  [Greek: Ton gar hapax ptenoisi parathrexanta me possin]\n    [Greek: Ou tis eu' himeiron draxetai exopithen.]\n  [Greek: Tounech' ho technites se dieplasen? Heineken humeon,]\n    [Greek: Xeine, kai en prothurois theke dikaskalien.]\n\n{93} The same epigram, with an inconsiderable alteration, is given in\nBosch's _Anthologia Graeca_, vol. ii. p. 478., with a close Latin\ntranslation by Grotius.\n\nThe following English version of the Greek is as nearly literal as the\nidioms of the two languages will allow.\n\n \"Who is the sculptor, say, and whence?\n    From Sicyon. What is he\n  By name? Lysippus. Who art thou?\n    I am Opportunity.\n\n \"Why is thy step so high and light?\n    I am running all the day.\n  Why on each foot hast thou a wing?\n    I fly with the winds away.\n\n \"Why is a razor in thy hand?\n    More keen my edge is set.\n  Why hast thou hair upon thy brow?\n    To seize me by, when met.\n\n \"Why is thy head then bald behind?\n    Because men wish in vain,\n  When I have run past on winged feet\n    To catch me e'er again.\n\n \"Why did the artist form thee so?\n    To place me in this hall,\n  That I a lesson thus might give\n    To thee, friend, and to all.\"\n\nAusonius, in the fourteenth century of the Christian era, imitates this in\nhis 12th epigram.\n\nPhaedrus (lib. v., fab. 8), in the Augustine age, speaks of the same\nrepresentation as already sanctioned by antiquity:--\n\n         \"OCCASIO DEPICTA.\n \"Cursu veloci pendens in novacula,\n  Calvus, comosa fronte, nudo corpore;\n  Quem si occuparis, teneas: elapsum semel\n  Non ipse possit Jupiter reprehendere;\n  Occassionem rerum significat brevem.\n  Effectus impediret ne segnis mora,\n  Finxere antiqui talem effigiem temporis.\"\n\nT. C.\n\nDurham, Jan. 20. 1851.\n\n_Cross between a Wolf and a Hound_ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--There is no doubt\nthat a dog and a wolf are capable of breeding together. The fact is well\nknown, and has been long ascertained. See _Penny Cyclopaedia_, art. \"Dog.\"\nThe only question is whether the offspring of this cross is a mule, and,\nlike other mules, incapable of continuing its race; or whether it is\nprolific? The latter position is maintained by Mr. Bell, in his _History of\nBritish Quadrupeds_. \"The dog and wolf will readily breed together (he\nsays), _and their progeny is fertile_.\" But query, can any authentic\ninstance be produced of a cross between a dog and a wolf, which has\nproduced a prolific animal?\n\nL.\n\nProfessor Thomas Bell states that the dog and wolf will readily breed with\neach other, and that their progeny thus obtained will again mingle with the\ndog.\n\nW. J. BERNARD SMITH.\n\nTemple, Jan. 19. 1851.\n\nI have read somewhere (in Kohl's _Russia_, if I mistake not) that this\ncross is not uncommon in the southern portions of European Russia, but I\nhave not the book at hand to refer to.\n\nDISS.\n\nYour correspondent, T----N, will find this fact referred to in Sir John\nFranklin's _Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea_, vol.\ni., p. 268., 2nd edition, London. Murray, 1824. Lieutenant Hood says--\n\n    \"On our way to the tent a black wolf rushed out upon an Indian, who\n    happened to pass its den. It was shot, and the Indians carried away\n    three black whelps, to improve the breed of their dogs.\"\n\nW. H. H. K.\n\nDrayton Beauchamp, Jan. 22. 1851.\n\n_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--I have seen an illuminated\nMS. containing the form of prayer in use previous to the Reformation. As\nfar as I remember, the MS. in question must have been of the fifteenth\ncentury. Where it may now be found I am not aware. At the time of my seeing\nit, it was in the possession of Mr. Toovey of Piccadilly.\n\nA somewhat curious field for inquiry on this subject is opened by a passage\nin Voltaire's _Siecle de Louis XIV_. Speaking of James II. touching for the\nevil while in exile at the French court, he says--\n\n    \"Soit que les Rois Anglais se soient attribue ce singulier privilege,\n    comme pretendans a la couronne de la France; soit que cette ceremonie\n    soit etablie chez eux depuis le temps du premier Edouard.\"\n\nHave we any evidence of the ceremony having been performed by any French\nmonarchs? I am not aware of any.\n\nJ. SN.\n\n_Old Booty_ (Vol. iii, p. 40.).--In 1830 there appeared a humorous\nversification, by W. T. Moncrieff, of this story, for the authenticity of\nwhich he prudently says he cannot vouch. He furnishes a sort of account of\nthe affair, and of an action at the suit of Booty's widow, the records of\nwhich, it says, are at Westminster, Jan. 2. 1687.\n\nNotwithstanding this apparent circumstantial account, we find in a very\nentertaining anonymous work, entitled _The History of Man; or, the Wonders\nof Human Nature_, 2nd edit. Edinb. 1790, 8vo., vol. i. p. 376., a similar\nincident related of a Mr. Gresham, an eminent merchant of London, which\nhappened in the reign of Hen. VIII., the authorities for which are cited,\n_Sandy's Trav._ l. 4. p. 248. _Clark's Mir._ c. 33. p. 115.\n\nF. R. A.\n\n_Breeches Bible_ (Vol. iii., p 17.).--The first edition of this Bible is\nnow before me. The title-page and portions of the addresses to Queen\nElizabeth and to the reader are unfortunately {94} wanting, as is also the\nfirst leaf of Genesis. But the title of the New Testament as follows:--\n\n    \"The Newe Testament of ovr Lord Jesus Christ [***] Conferred diligently\n    with the Greke, and best approued translacions in divers languages. At\n    Geneva: Printed by Rouland Hull. M.D.LX.\"\n\nThere is a woodcut of the Egyptians pursuing the Israelites on the shore of\nthe Red Sea, surrounded with texts from scripture. It is a small quarto in\nRoman type, and divided into verses.\n\nECHO.\n\n_Separation of Sexes in Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 94.).--This custom appears to\nbe of considerable antiquity. Sir Thomas More, in his _Utopia_ (p. 285. of\nthe edition of 1639), says--\n\n    \"When they be come thither, the men goe into the right side of the\n    church, and the women into the left side.\"\n\nJ. SN.\n\n_Defender of the Faith_ (Vol. iii., p. 9.).--By a hasty perusal of the\nletter of COL. ANSTRUTHER in your number of the 4th of January, I perceive\nthat some doubt has been raised whether any of our sovereigns have used the\ntitle of Defender of the Faith, prior to the time of King Henry VIII.\n\nIf you will refer to the forth part of Prynne's _Institutes_, pp. 229-30,\nand 295-6-7, you will find set out at full length divers letters close and\npatent from King Richard II. in the 6th, 11th, and 19th years of his reign,\nfor suppressing the heresies of Wickliff and his followers. These letters\nare addressed to the Chancellor of the University of Oxford, William\nArchbishop of Canterbury (Courtney), and to Ralfe Crombewell, Chivalier,\nand John Lekyll, and the Mayor and Bailiffs of Nottingham, in which King\nRichard II. styles himself thus--\"Nos Zelo Fidei Catholicae, Cujus Sumus Et\nEsse Volumus Defensores,\" &c.\n\nH. WITHAM.\n\nLincoln Chambers, Chancery Lane, Jan. 14. 1851.\n\n_Epigram on Synod of Dort_ (Vol. iii., p. 23.).--The statement in the\n_Biographie Universelle_, that this epigram was made _in England_, is\nprobably taken from Mosheim (_Eccl. Hist_.), who says the same; but his\nauthority Neal (_Hist. of the Puritans_) does not say that it was made _in\nEngland_; and one can hardly read the sentence in which he quotes it\nwithout feeling satisfied that he did not know _who_ made it. After stating\nthat the proceedings of the synod were much approved of by the English\ndivines, and quoting expressions of Mr. Baxter and the learned Jacobus\nCapella in its favour, he proceeds--\n\n    \"P. du Moulin, Paulus Servita, and the author of the life of Waleus,\n    speak the same language. But _others_ poured contempt upon the Synod,\n    or burlesqued their proceedings in the following lines:\n\n     'Dordrechti Synodus, nodus; chorus integer, aeger;\n      Conventus, ventus; sessio stramen. Amen.'\n\n    Lewis du Moulin, with all the favourers of the Arminian doctrine, as\n    Heylin, Womeck, Brandt, &c., charge them with partiality and\n    unjustifiable severity.\"\n\nWhen a writer, in the midst of a shower of authorities, refers a particular\nexpression to \"others,\" it may almost be laid down as a rule, that he does\nnot know whose property it is. Here, therefore, the inquiry seems brought\nto a dead stop, in this tract at least.\n\nB. R. I.\n\n_Parish Register Tax_ (Vol. ii., p. 10.).--In our register, Hawarden, I\nfind the following entry:\n\n    \"October, 1783. On the 2nd of this month the Act commenced which layeth\n    a duty of threepence upon every Registry of a Burial, except a\n    _Pauper's_.\"\n\nAnd again:\n\n    \"Oct. 1. 1794. The duty of threepence on each Registry of Births,\n    Deaths, and Marriages, imposed by Act of Parliament, commencing October\n    2. 1783, ceased this day.\"\n\nDuring this interval many burials are marked _paupers_.\n\nWALDEGRAVE BREWSTER.\n\nHawarden, Flints.\n\n_Clergy sold for Slaves_ (Vol. ii., p. 41.).--Walker says:\n\n    \"Mr. Dugdale, in relating the same matter, adds that Rigby not only\n    exposed them to sale, but _found purchasers_ also; and what is more,\n    had actually contracted with two merchants for them; and for that\n    reason moved it twice (in the House, as I understand him) that they\n    might be disposed of.\"\n\nWALDEGRAVE BREWSTER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nWhen a work of such general reference as a Peerage, which is wanted upon\nevery library table, and in every club and reading-room \"where men do\ncongregate;\" which is, at the same time, from its nature, open to the\ncriticism of hundreds of critics,--when a work of this nature and of such\nextent as _Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and\nBaronetage of the British Empire_ bears on its title-page the brief but\nexpressive words \"_Thirteenth Edition_,\" it has obviously long outlived the\ntime when any question can exist as to its merits. These have long been\nrecognised by those best able to appreciate them, namely, the noble\npersonages to whose history, and the history of whose descent and\ncollateral branches, it is especially devoted; and whose personal\ncommunications have served to procure for the present work the merit by\nwhich it seeks to distinguish itself from all similar productions, namely,\nby its greater fullness of detail and its extreme accuracy.\n\nThe Rev. A. Hussey, M.A., has in the Press _Notes on the Churches in the\nCounties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey mentioned in Domesday Book_.\nSubscribers names are received by Mr. J. Russell Smith. {95}\n\nMr. M. A. Lower's translation of _The Chronicle of Battel Abbey, from the\nVow of its Foundation by the Conqueror in 1066 to the Year 1176_, will be\npublished in the course of the present month.\n\nMessrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell, on Monday and Tuesday next, a very\nvaluable and important Collection of Classical and Historical Books, from\nthe Library of a Collector; and on Wednesday and two following Days, an\nimportant portion of the valuable Library of the Right Hon. C. W. Williams\nWynn, including First and Second Folio Shakspeare, Caxton's _Golden\nLegend_, and some valuable MSS., including one of the works of Robert\nRolle, the Hermit of Hampole, &c.\n\n_Catalogues Received_.--William Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part\nLI. of Second-hand English and Foreign Books on Theology, Fine Arts, and\nMiscellaneous Literature; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, Soho)\nCatalogue of Books relating to Kent, Sussex, and Surrey; W. S. Lincoln's\n(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Sixty-fifth Catalogue of Cheap\nSecond-hand English Foreign and Classical Books.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nWALKER'S RHYMING DICTIONARY.\n\nMRS. GRANT'S LETTERS FROM THE MOUNTAINS.\n\nCOLEBROOKE'S ESSAYS. 2 Vols. 8vo.\n\nSOUTHEY'S LIFE OF WESLEY (_Early Edition_.)\n\nCAESAR, VALPY'S DELPHIN EDITION.\n\nGREEK TRANSLATION OF CAESAR'S GALLIC WAR.\n\nVAN ESPEN, JUS ECCLESIASTICUM, 1781.\n\n[***] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186, Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nLOCKE. _We shall next week lay before our readers a long and most\ninteresting inedited Letter from Lord Shaftesbury, the author of the_\nCharacteristics, _to Le Clerc, in which he gives a biographical sketch of\nhis friend and foster father Mr. Locke._\n\nJ. S. B. _The two Notes were duly forwarded. Will our correspondent enable\nus to write to him._\n\nC. W. B. _The very interesting little_ History of Venice _in Murray's_\nFamily Library _was written by the late Rev. E. Smedley_.\n\nG. R. M. _The brass token in question is a weight for weighing\nhalf-guineas; the coinage weights of which were_ 2 dwt. 163/4 gr., _and the_\ncurrent _weights_ 2 dwt. 16 gr.\n\n_We have two or three favours to request of our correspondents, and we ask\nthem no less for their sakes than for our own. 1st. That they will be\nparticular in their references, and collate their extracts before sending\nthem to us; for they little know the loss of time and the trouble which a\nneglect of these trifles occasions us. 2d. That they will forward their\nseparate articles as far as possible on separate papers; for several\nvaluable communications are now standing over, until we can find leisure to\nseparate and arrange for the press the different parts. 3rd. That they will\nwrite_ as legibly as they can.\n\nJ. S. (Brighton). _Received._\n\nK. R. H. M. _The poem, beginning_,\n\n \"Give Lucinda pearle nor stone,\"\n\n_written by Thomas Carew, or Carye, was addressed to the celebrated\nCountess of Carlisle, daughter of Edward Lord Howard of Escrick, and is\nprinted at p. 48. of Tom Davies' edition of_ Carew's Poems (1772).\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED. _Umbrella--Ulm MS.--Pillgarlick--Tandem D. O.\nM.--Swearing by Swans--By and bye--Frozen Horn--Gray and\nByron--Hornbooks--Ring Dials--Apricot--Folk Lore of Lancashire--Lady\nBingham--Downing Family--Episcopal Mitre--Handbell before a\nCorpse--Probabilism--Herstmonceux Castle--Burning the\nHill--Venwell--Annoy--Breeches Bible--Lynch Law--_\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _in\nHolland--Sir John Davies and his Biographers--Queen Anne's\nFarthings--Jesse's London--Verstegan--George Herbert--Folk-Lore--Bunyan and\nHobbes--Pretended Reprint of Old Poetry--Fossel Elk of Ireland--Jonathan\nHulls--Touchstone's Dial._\n\nVOLUME THE SECOND OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with very copious_ INDEX, _is now\nready, price 9s. 6d. strongly bound in cloth_. VOL. I. _is reprinted, and\nmay also be had at the same price._\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and\nNewsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country\nSubscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it\nregularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet\naware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND\nQUERIES _in their Saturday parcels_.\n\n_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be\naddressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIn a few days will be published, price 12s., containing nearly 400 pages\nwith Illustrations, handsomely bound in cloth,\n\nTHE SUSSEX GARLAND.\n\nDedicated by Permission to the Sussex Archaeological Society.\n\nEdited and Published by JAMES TAYLOR, Newick, Sussex.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for FEBRUARY, 1851, contains the Story of Nell\nGwyn related by PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A., Chapter II (with two\nengravings); Laudism and Puseyism, a Parallel exhibiting their exact\nidentity; on the Poetry of Thomas Lodge, by John Payne Collier, Esq.,\nV.P.S.A.; Unpublished Historical Illustrations of the Reign of Henry VII.,\nfrom the Archives of the City of York; Extracts from a Pembrokeshire Diary\nin 1688; Unpublished Order for supply of Night Gowns for Queen Elizabeth\nand the Earl of Leicester; Pio Nono and Canon Townsend; the History of the\nRoman Wall (with many engravings); the Mediaeval Exhibition of 1850 (with\nengravings); Court Gossip of the Twelfth Century, from a new work by Walter\nMap; the Sicilian Vespers and Amari; Junius and Lord Chesterfield, &c. &c.\nWith the customary Review of New Books, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary:\nincluding Memoirs of Sir Lumley Skeffington, the Rev. Richard Garnett, Dr.\nHaviland, Mr. Hullmandel, &c. &c, Price 2s. 6d.\n\nNICHOLS and SON, Parliament Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSecond Edition, revised and corrected, 8vo. cloth, price 15s.\n\nA TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS.\n\nContaining to Seven Places of Decimals, natural Numbers, answering to all\nLogarithms from 00001 to 99999; and an improved Table of Gauss's\nLogarithms, by which may be found the Logarithm to the sum or difference of\nTwo Quantities where Logarithms are given: preceded by an Introduction,\ncontaining also the History of Logarithms, their Construction, and the\nvarious Improvements made therein since their invention. By HERSCHELL E.\nFILIPOWSKI.\n\nThe publisher, having purchased the copyright and stereotype places of\nthese Tables, (published a few months ago at 2l. 2s.,) is enabled to offer\na corrected edition at the above reduced price.\n\n_Testimonial of Augustus de Morgan, Esq._\n\n\"I have examined the proofs of Mr. Filipowski's Table of Anti-Logarithms,\nand of Gauss's Logarithms, and also the plan of his proposed table of\nAnnuities for three lives, constructed from the Carlisle Table.\n\n\"The table of Anti-Logarithms is, I think, all that could be wished, in\nextent, in structure, and in typography. For its extent it is unique among\nmodern Tables. Of accuracy I cannot speak, of course; but this being\nsupposed, I have no hesitation in recommending it without qualification.\n\n\"The form in which Gauss's Tables are arranged will be a matter of opinion.\nI can only say that Mr. Filipowski's Table is used with ease, as I have\nfound upon trial; and that its extent, as compared with other tables, and\nparticularly with other FIVE-FIGURE tables, of the same kind, will\nrecommend it. I desire to confine myself to testifying to the facility with\nwhich this table can be used; comparison with other forms, as to RELATIVE\nfacility, being out of the question on so short a trial.\n\n\"On the table of Annuities for three lives, there is hardly occasion to say\nanything. All who are conversant with Life Contingencies are well aware how\nmuch it is wanted.\n\n\"A. DE MORGAN.\"\n\nGEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet-street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{96}\n\nNOTICE.\n\nTHE NEW EDITION OF BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE FOR 1851\n\nIS PUBLISHED THIS DAY.\n\nRevised and corrected throughout to the Present Time from the Personal\nCommunications of the Nobility, &c.\n\nIn 1 Vol. Royal 8vo., comprising as much matter as twenty ordinary volumes,\nwith 1500 engravings of arms, &c. 38s. bound.\n\n\"The most complete, the most convenient, and the cheapest work of the kind\never given to the public.\"--_Sun_.\n\nAlso just published, in 2 vols. 8vo., 28s. bound,\n\nMR. DISRAELI'S LIFE AND REIGN OF CHARLES I.\n\nNew Edition, revised by the Author, and edited by his Son, B. DISRAELI,\nM.P.\n\n\"By far the most important work on the important age of Charles I. that\nmodern times have produced.\"--_Quarterly Review_.\n\nHENRY COLBURN, Publisher, 13. Great Marlborough Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThe important and valuable Library of the late Thomas Amyot, Esq,. F.R.S.,\nF.S.A.\n\nMESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and JOHN WILKINSON, auctioneers of literary\nproperty and works illustrative of the fine arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at\ntheir House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on Monday, February 10, and\nthree following days, at 1 precisely, the valuable antiquarian,\nmiscellaneous, and historical LIBRARY of the late Thomas Amyot, Esq.,\nF.R.S., F.S.A.; comprising the first, second and fourth editions of the\nworks of Shakspeare, and an extensive collection of Shaksperiana; Dugdale\n(W.) Monasticon Anglicanum, 3 vols., original edition; Dugdale (W.)\nMonasticon Anglicanum, by Bandinel, Caley, and Ellis, 8 vols., a fine\nsubscription copy, in blue morocco; the Baronage of England, and other of\nhis works; Duchesne (A.) Historiae Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui; Guillim\n(J.) Display of Heraldry, best edition; Hidgdon (R.) Polychronicon, black\nletter, a rare edition, fine copy; Hollinshed (R.) Chronicles, 3 vols, best\nedition; Works of Homer, translated by Chapman, in old blue morocco;\nHorsley (J.) Britannia Romana, scarce, Rerum Britannicarum Scriptores, very\nscarce; Rymeri Foedera, 10 vols.; Sandford (F.) Genealogical History, best\nedition; Somneri (G.) Dictionarium Saxonico-Latino Anglicanum; the Sydney\nPapers, 2 vols.; Tanneri (T.) Bibliotheca Britannico Hibernica et Notitia\nMonastica; Thurloe (J.) State Papers, 7 vols; Wilkins (D.) Concilia Magnae\nBritanniae, 4 vols, very scarce; with an important series of the valuable\nAntiquarian Publications of Thomas Herne. To be viewed two days prior, and\ncatalogues had; if in the country on receipt of six postage stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE ECLECTIC REVIEW for FEBRUARY, price 1_s_. 6d.\n\nEdited by THOS. PRICE, LL.D. and Rev. W. H. STOWELL, D.D.\n\n      CONTAINS:\n  1. The Royal Academy\n  2. Sunday Legislation.--Memoirs of Sir Andrew Agnew.\n  3. Smith's Sacred Aspects.\n  4. Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales.\n  5. Emigration.--Its Distribution and Importance.\n  6. Lord Carlisle, and Alexander Pope.\n  7. The Italian Revolution.--Mazzini and Baillie Cochrane.\n  8. Hoehner on Musical Composition\n  9. The Power of Romanism.\n      Review of the Month, &c. &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n[***] The circulation of the ECLECTIC having increased _fourfold_, a third\nEdition of the JANUARY Number is now ready, and may be had by order of any\nBookseller in town or country.\n\nWARD and Co, 27. Paternoster Row.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPERIODICAL WORKS,\n\n_For February_, 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nKNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE.--THE NATIONAL EDITION, Part VIII., containing\nKING HENRY IV., Part I., with numerous Illustrations, price 1s.\n\n[***] This Work is published twice a month. Each PART contains a complete\nPlay.\n\nTHE NATIONAL EDITION OF THE PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE is also published in\nMONTHLY SECTIONS, each containing TWO PLAYS and a portion of the BIOGRAPHY\nAND STUDIES. Section IV., price 2s. 6d.\n\nHALF A CENTURY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE.--A History of the Kingdom and the\nPeople from 1800 to 1850. By HARRIET MARTINEAU, Part I., price 1s., with\nPortraits of PITT, FOX, NELSON and NAPOLEON. The Work will be completed in\nTwenty-four Shilling Parts, published twice a month.\n\nTHE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. Part XLVIII., First half,\nprice 6d. The Second Half-part. price 6d., completing the Work, will be\npublished in March, 1851.\n\nKNIGHT'S CYCLOPAEDIA OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS. Part III., price 9d.\nIssued also in Weekly Numbers, price 2d.\n\nKNIGHT'S CYCLOPAEDIA OF LONDON. Part III., price 9d. Issued also in Weekly\nNumbers, price 2d.\n\nKNIGHT'S EXCURSION TRAIN COMPANION. Part I., price 9d. Issued also in\nWeekly Numbers, price 2d.\n\nHALF-HOURS WITH THE BEST AUTHORS. Part XI., price 6d. Issued also in Weekly\nNumbers, price 11/2d.\n\nHALF-HOURS WITH THE BEST AUTHORS. Volume III., with Portraits on Steel of\nSCOTT, BYRON, COWPER, and WORDSWORTH, handsomely bound in cloth, price 2s.\n6d. Vols. I and II., uniformly bound, are constantly on sale.\n\nPICTORIAL HALF-HOURS; or MISCELLANIES OF ART. Part IX., price 9d. Issued\nalso in Weekly Numbers, price 2d. each.\n\n[***] The First and Second Volumes, with illuminated Frontispieces,\nhandsomely bound in cloth, price 3s. 6d. each, are constantly on sale.\n\nTHE LAND WE LIVE IN. PART XXXIX., price 1s. containing SOUTH WALES, with a\nMap, and numerous Woodcuts.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES of Mr. CHARLES KNIGHT'S PUBLICATIONS may be had on\nApplication.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLondon: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186, Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, February 1. 1851.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 66, February 1, 1851: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":14250}