{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_23027/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_23027","id":"gutenberg_23027","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/23027","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Other","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins\nand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare listed at the end of the text.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{129} NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 69.]\nSATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22. 1851.\n[Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n\n  NOTES:--                                                   Page\n\n  The Rolliad, by Sir Walter C. Trevelyan, &c.                129\n\n  Note on Palamon and Arcite                                  131\n\n  Folk Lore:--\"Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole\"--The\n  Evil Eye--\"Millery, Millery, Dousty-poll,\"\n  &c.--\"Nettle in, Dock out\"                                  132\n\n  The Scaligers, by Waldegrave Brewster                       133\n\n  Inedited Ballad on Truth, by K. R. H. Mackenzie             134\n\n  Minor Notes:--Ayot St. Lawrence Church--Johannes\n  Secundus--Parnel--Dr. Johnson--The King's\n  Messengers, by the Rev. W. Adams--Parallel Passages--Cause\n  of Rarity of William IV.'s Copper Coinage--Burnett--Coleridge's\n  Opinion of Defoe--Miller's\n  \"Philosophy of Modern History\"--Anticipations of\n  Modern Ideas or Inventions--\"Sun, stand thou still\n  upon Gibeon!\"--Langley's Polidore Vergile, &c.              135\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Bibliographical Queries                                     138\n\n  Shakspeare's \"Antony and Cleopatra\"                         139\n\n  Green's \"Groathsworth of Witte,\" by J. O. Halliwell         140\n\n  Minor Queries:--Fronte Capillata--Prayer of Bishop\n  of Nantes--Advantage of a Bad Ear--Imputed Letters\n  of Sullustius or Sallustius--Rev. W. Adams--Mr.\n  Beard, Vicar of Greenwich--Goddard's History\n  of Lynn--Sir Andrew Chadwick--Sangaree--King\n  John at Lincoln--Canes lesi--Headings of Chapters\n  in English Bibles--Abbot Eustacius and Angodus de\n  Lindsei--Oration against Demosthenes--Pun--Sonnet\n  (query by Milton?)--Medal given to Howard--Withers'\n  Devil at Sarum--Election of a Pope--Battle\n  in Wilshire--Colonel Fell--Tennyson's \"In\n  Memoriam\"--Magnum Sedile--Ace of Diamonds:\n  the Earl of Cork--Closing of Rooms on account of\n  Death--Standfast's Cordial Comforts--\"Predeceased\"\n  and \"Designed\"--Lady Fights at Atherton, &c.                140\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  The Episcopal Mitre and Papal Tiara, by A. Rich,\n  Jun., &c.                                                   144\n\n  Dryden's Essay upon Satire, by J. Crossley                  146\n\n  Foundation-stone of St. Mark's at Venice                    147\n\n  Histoire des Sevarambes                                     147\n\n  Touching for the Evil, by C. H. Cooper                      148\n\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--Forged Papal Bulls--\n  Obeism--Pillgarlick--Hornbooks--Bacon--Lachrymatories\n  --Scandal against Queen Elizabeth--Meaning\n  of Cefn--Portrait of Archbishop Williams--Sir\n  Alexander Cumming--Pater-noster Tackling--Welsh\n  Words for Water--Early Culture of the\n  Imagination--Venville--Cum Grano Salis--Hoops--Cranmer's\n  Descendants--Shakspeare's Use of the\n  Word \"Captious\"--Boiling to Death--Dozen of\n  Bread--Friday Weather--Saint Paul's Clock--Lunardi--Outline\n  in Painting--Handbell before a Corpse--Brandon\n  the Juggler--\"Words are Men's Daughters\"--\"Fine\n  by degrees, and beautifully less\"--\"The\n  Soul's dark Cottage\"--\"Beauty Retire\"--Mythology\n  of the Stars--Simon Bache--Thesaurarius\n  Hospitii--Winifreda--Queries on Costume--Antiquitas\n  Saecula Juventus Mundi--Lady Bingham--Proclamation\n  of Langholme Fair, &c.                                      149\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      158\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                158\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                   158\n\n  Advertisements                                              159\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nTHE ROLLIAD.\n\n(22d Ed., 1812.)\n\nFinding that my copy of _The Rolliad_ (\"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vol. ii., p.\n373.) contains fuller information regarding the authors than has yet\nappeared in your valuable periodical, I forward you a transcript of the MS.\nnotes, most of which are certified by the initial of Dr Lawrence, from\nwhose copy all of them were taken by the individual who gave me the volume.\n\nW. C. TREVELYAN.\n\n    Wallington, Morpeth.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n  Advertisement. Dr. Lawrence.\n  Advertisement to 4th Edition. Do.\n  Explanation of Frontispiece and Title. Do.\n  Dedication. Do.\n  Rollo Family. E. T. and R. \"This was the piece first published, and the\n      origin of all that followed.\"\n  Extract from Dedication. Fitzpatrick. \"The title of these verses gave\n      rise to the vehicle of Criticisms on _The Rolliad_.\"--L.\n\n_Criticisms._\n\nNo. 1. Ellis. The passage in p. 2, from \"His first exploit\" to \"what it\nloses in sublimity,\" \"inserted by Dr. L. to preserve the parody of Virgil,\nand break this number with one more poetical passage.\"--L.\n\nNo. 2. Ellis. \"This vehicle of political satire not proving immediately\nimpressive, was here abandoned by its original projector, who did not take\nit up again till the second part.\"--L.\n\n  No.  3. Dr. Lawrence. Verses on Mr. Dundas by G. Ellis.\n       4. Richardson.\n       5. Fitzpatrick.\n       6. Dr. Lawrence.\n       7. Do.\n       8. Do.\n       9. Fitzpatrick.\n      10. Richardson.\n      11. Do.\n      12. Fitzpatrick.\n      13. Dr. Lawrence.\n      14. Do.\n\n{130}\n\n_The French Inscriptions by Ellis._\n\nPART II.\n\n  No. 1. Ellis\n      2. Do.\n      3. Richardson.\n      4. Do.\n      5. Fitzpatrick.\n      6. R----d.\n      7. Dr. Lawrence.\n\nThe passage commencing \"The learned Mr. Daniel Barrington,\" to \"drawing a\nlong bow,\" \"inserted by R----d under the verbal suggestions of Dr.\nLawrence.\"\n\n  The Rose. Dr. Lawrence.\n  The Lyars. Fitzpatrick.\n  Margaret Nicholson. Lines 2-12, by Dr. Lawrence; the rest by A. (Adair.)\n  Charles Jenkinson. Ellis.\n  Jekyll. Lines 73. to 100., \"inserted by Tickle;\" 156. to end, \"altered\n      and enlarged by Tickle;\" the rest by Lord J. Townsend. (At the end of\n      Jekyll is the note which I have already sent to the \"NOTES AND\n      QUERIES,\" Vol. ii, p. 373.--W. C. T.)\n\n_Probationary Odes._\n\n  Preliminary Discourse. G. Ellis or Tickle. Q.\n  Thoughts on Ode-writing. Tickle.\n  Recommendatory Testimonies. Tickle. \"I believe all the Testimonies are\n      his, unless the last be by Lord John Townsend.\"--L.\n  Warton's Ascension. Tickle.\n  Laureat Election. Richardson. \"The first suggestion of the vehicle for\n      Probationary Odes for the Laureatship came (as I understood, for I\n      was not present) from the Rev. Dudley Bate.\"--L.\n  Irregular Ode. Tickle.\n  Ode on New Year. Ellis.\n  Ode No.  3. Dudley Bate.\n           4. Richardson.\n           6. Anonymous, communicated by Tickle.\n           7. Anonymous.\n           8. \"Brummell.\" \"Some slight corrections were made by L., and one\n              or two lines supplied by others.\"--L.\n           9. Tickle. \"The first draft of this ode was by Stratford\n              Canning, a merchant in the city; but of his original\n              performance little or nothing remains except five or six\n              lines in the third Stanza.\"--L.\n          10. \"Pearce, (I believe) Brother-in-law of Dudley Bate.\"--L.\n          11. \"Boscawen, (I believe) afterwards of the Victualling Office,\n              communicated by Tickle.\"--L.\n          12. Lord John Townsend,--\"Three or four lines in the last stanza,\n              and perhaps one or two in some of the former, were inserted\n              by Tickle.\"--L.\n          13. \"Anonymous, sent by the Post.\"--L.\n          14. \"The Rev. O'Byrne.\n             'This political Parson's a *B'liever! most odd! He b'lieves\n                 he's a Poet, but don't b'lieve in God!'--_Sheridan._\n                  * Dr. O'B. pronounces the word believe in this manner.\"\n          15. Fitzpatrick.\n          16. Dr. Lawrence.\n          17. Genl. Burgoyne.\n          18. R----d.\n          19. Richardson.\n          20. Ellis.\n          21. Address. Dr. Lawrence. For \"William York\" read \"William\n              Ebor.\"\n              Pindaric Ode. Dr Lawrence.\n          22. The Prose and Proclamation, \"by Tickle or Richardson.\"--L.\n  Table of Instructions. Tickle or Richardson.\n\n_Political Miscellanies._\n\n  To the Public. R----d.\n  Odes to W. Pitt. Fitzpatrick.\n  My Own Translation, prefixed to Ode 2nd. Dr.   Lawrence.\n  The Statesmen. R----d.\n  Rondeau. Dr. Lawrence.\n  In the third Rondeau, for \"pining in his spleen\" read \"moving honest\n      spleen.\"--L. All the Rondeaus are by Dr. L.\n  The Delavaliad. Richardson.\n  Epigrams. Tickle and Richardson.\n  Lord Graham's Diary. \"Tickle, I believe.\"--L.\n  Lord Mulgrave's Essays. Ellis.\n  Anecdotes of Pitt. G. Ellis.\n  A Tale. Sheridan.\n  Morals. Richardson.\n  Dialogue. Lord John Townsend.\n  Prettymania.\n\n_Epigrams._\n\n  No.  1. Dr. Lawrence.\n     \"   32. Do.\n     \"   33. Do.\n     \"   37. Do.\n\n_Foreign Epigrams._\n\n  No.  1. Ellis.\n     \"    2. Rev. O'Byrne.\n     \"    3. Do.\n     \"    4. Do.\n     \"    5. Do.\n     \"    6. Dr. Lawrence.\n     \"    7. Do.\n     \"    8. Do.\n     \"    9. Do.\n     \"   10. Do.\n     \"   11. Tickle.\n     \"   12. Do.\n\n\"Most of the English Epigrams unmarked are by Tickle, some by Richardson,\nD. Bate, R----d, and others.\"--L.\n\n  Advertisement Extraordinary. Dr. Lawrence.\n  Paragraph Office. Do.\n  Pitt and Pinetti. \"Ellis, I believe.\"--L.\n  The Westminster Guide. Genl. Burgoyne.\n  A new Ballad. Lord J. Townsend or Tickle.\n  {131}\n  Epigrams on Sir Elijah Impey. R----d.\n  ---- by Mr. Wilberforce. Ellis.\n  Original Letter. A. (Adair.)\n  Congratulatory Ode. Courtenay.\n  Ode to Sir Elijah Impey. \"Anonymous--I believe L. J. Townsend.\"--L.\n  Song, to tune \"Let the Sultan Saladin.\" R----d.\n  A new Song, \"Billy's Budget.\" Fitzpatrick.\n  Epigrams. R----d.\n  Ministerial Facts. \"Ld. J. Townsend, I believe.\"--L.\n  Journal of the Right Hon. H. Dundas.\n      To end of March 7th. Tierney.\n              March 9th and 10th. Dr. Lawrence.\n              March 11th. Tierney.\n              March 12th and 13th. C. Grey.\n              March 14th. Tierney.\n     \"This came out in numbers, or rather in continuations, in the\n         Newspaper.\"--L.\n  Incantation. Fitzpatrick.\n  Translations. \"Tickle, Richardson, R----d, and others.\"--L.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThe \"Memoranda\" &c., respecting _The Rolliad_, at Vol. ii., p. 439.,\nrecalled to my recollection a \"Note\" made several years back; but the\n\"Query\" was, where to find that Note? However, I made a mental note, \"when\nfound,\" to forward it to you, and by the merest chance it has turned up, or\nrather, out; for it fell from within an old \"Common Place Book,\" when--I\nmust not take credit for being in search of it, but, in fact, in quest of\nanother note. Should you consider it likely to interest either your\ncorrespondents, contributors, or readers, you are much welcome to it; and\nin that case, to have troubled you with this will not be regretted by\n\nC. W.\n\n    Stoke, Bucks.\n\n_The Rolliad._--(_Memorandum in Sir James Mackintosh's copy of that work._)\n\n\"Bombay, 23rd June, 1804.\n\n\"Before I left London in February last, I received from my old friend, T.\nCourtenay, Esq., M.P., notes, of which the following is a copy, giving\naccount of the Authors of _The Rolliad_, and of the series of Political\nSatires which followed it:--\n\n  Extract from Dedication. Fitzpatrick.\n  Nos. 1. 2. G. Ellis.\n  No. 3. Dr. Lawrence.\n  No. 4. J. Richardson.\n  No. 5. Fitzpatrick.\n  Nos. 6. 7. 8. Dr. Lawrence.\n  No. 9. Fitzpatrick.\n  Nos. 10. 11. J. Richardson.\n  No. 12. Fitzpatrick.\n  Nos. 13. 14. Dr. Lawrence.\n\n          PART II.\n\n  Nos. 1. 2. G. Ellis\n  Nos. 3. 4. J. Richardson.\n  No. 5. Fitzpatrick.\n  No. 6. Read.\n  No. 7. Dr. Lawrence.\n\n  _Political Eclogues._\n\n  Rose. Fitzpatrick.\n  The Lyars. Do.\n  Margaret Nicholson. R. Adair.\n  C. Jenkinson. G. Ellis.\n  Jekyll, Lord J. Townsend and Tickell.\n\n  _Probationary Odes._\n\n  No.  1. Tickell.\n       2. G. Ellis.\n       3. H. B. Dudley.\n       4. J. Richardson.\n       5. J. Ellis. ?G.\n       6. Unknown.\n       7. (Mason's). Do.\n       8. Brummell.\n       9. Sketched by Canning, the Eton Boy, finished by Tickell.\n      10. Pearce. ?\n      11. Boscawen.\n      12. Lord J. Townsend.\n      13. Unknown. Mr. C. believes it to be Mrs. Debbing, wife of Genl. D.\n      14. Rev. Mr. O'Byrne.\n      15. Fitzpatrick.\n      16. Dr. Lawrence.\n      17. Genl. Burgoyne.\n      18. Read.\n      19. Richardson.\n      20. G. Ellis.\n      21. Do.\n      22. Do.\n\n\"If ever my books should escape this obscure corner, the above memorandum\nwill interest some curious collector.\n\n\"JAMES MACKINTOSH.\n\n\"The above list, as far as it relates to Richardson, is confirmed by his\nprinted Life, from which I took a note at Lord J. Townsend's four days ago.\n\n\"J. MACKINTOSH. 18 Nov., 1823.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTE ON PALAMON AND ARCITE.\n\nIt has probably often been remarked as somewhat curious, that Chaucer, in\ndescribing the arrival of Palamon and Arcite at Athens, mentions the day of\nthe week on which it takes place:\n\n \"And in this wise, these lordes all and some,\n  Ben on the Sonday to the citee come,\" &c.\n\nNothing seems to depend on their coming on one day of the week rather than\non another. In reality, however, this apparently insignificant circumstance\nis astrologically connected with the issue of the contest. Palamon, who on\nthe morning of the following day makes his prayer to Venus, succeeds at\nlast in winning Emelie, though Arcite, who commends himself to Mars,\nconquers him in the tournament. The prayers of both are granted, because\nboth address themselves to their tutelary deities at hours over which these\ndeities respectively preside. In order to understand this, we must call to\nmind the astrological explanation {132} of the names of the days of the\nweek. According to Dio Cassius, the Egyptians divided the day into\ntwenty-four hours, and supposed each of them to be in an especial manner\ninfluenced by some one of the planets. The first hour of the day had the\nprerogative of giving its name, or rather that of the planet to which it\nwas subject, to the whole day. Thus, for instance, Saturn presides over the\nfirst hour of the day, which is called by his name; Jupiter over the\nsecond, and so on; the Moon, as the lowest of the planets, presiding over\nthe seventh. Again, the eighth is subject to Saturn, and the same cycle\nrecommences at the fifteenth and at the twenty-second hours. The\ntwenty-third hour is therefore subject to Jupiter, and the twenty-fourth to\nMars. Consequently, the first hour of the following day is subject to the\nsun, and the day itself is accordingly dies Solis, or Sunday. Precisely in\nthe same way it follows that the next day will be dies Lunae; and so on\nthroughout the week. To this explanation it has been objected that the\nnames of the days are more ancient than the division of the day into\ntwenty-four parts; and Joseph Scaliger has attempted to derive the names of\nthe days from those of the planets, without reference to this method of\ndivision. His explanation, however, which is altogether geometrical,\ninasmuch as it depends on the properties of the heptagon, seems quite\nunsatisfactory, though Selden appears to have been inclined to adopt it. At\nany rate, the account of the matter given by Dio Cassius has generally been\naccepted.\n\nTo return to Chaucer: Theseus, as we know, had erected in the place where\nthe tournament was to be held three oratories, dedicated to Mars, to Venus,\nand to Diana. On the day after their arrival, namely, on Monday, Palamon\nand Arcite offered their prayers to Venus and Mars respectively, and\nEmelie, in like manner, to Diana. Of Palamon we are told that--\n\n \"He rose, to wenden on his pilgrimage\n  Unto the blisful Citherea benigne\"\n\ntwo hours before it was day, and that he repaired to her temple \"in hire\nhour.\"\n\nIn the third hour afterwards,\n\n \"Up rose the sonne, and up rose Emelie\n  And to the temple of Diane gan hie.\"\n\nHer prayer also was favourably heard by the deity to whom it was addressed;\nthe first hour of Monday (the natural day beginning at sunrise) being\nsubject to Luna or Diana. The orisons of Palamon were offered two hours\nearlier, namely, in the twenty-third hour of Sunday, which is similarly\nsubject to Venus, the twenty-fourth or last hour belonging to Mercury, the\nplanet intermediate between Venus and the Moon. It is on this account that\nPalamon is said to have prayed to Venus in her hour.\n\nArcite's vows were made later in the day than those of Palamon and Emelie.\nWe are told that\n\n \"The nexte hour of Mars following this,\"\n\n(namely after Emelie's return from the temple of Diana)\n\n \"Arcite unto the temple walked is\n  Of fierce Mars.\"\n\nThe first hour of Mars is on Monday, the fourth hour of the day; so that as\nthe tournament took place in April or May, Arcite went to the temple of\nMars about eight or nine o'clock.\n\nIt may be well to explain the word \"inequal\" in the lines--\n\n \"The thridde hour inequal that Palamon\n  Began to Venus temple for to gon,\n  Up rose the sonne, and up rose Emelie.\"\n\nIn astrology, the heavens are divided into twelve houses, corresponding to\na division of the ecliptic into twelve equal parts, the first of which is\nmeasured from the point of the ecliptic which is on the horizon and about\nto rise above it, at the instant which the astrologer has to consider,\nnamely, the instant of birth in the case of a nativity, or that in which a\njourney or any other enterprise is undertaken.\n\nThe hours inequal here spoken of similarly correspond to a division of the\necliptic into twenty-four parts, so that each house comprehends the\nportions of the ecliptic belonging to two of these hours, provided the\ndivision into houses is made at sunrise, when the first hour commences. It\nis obvious that these astrological hours will be of unequal length, as\nequal portions of the ecliptic subtend unequal angles at the pole of the\nequator.\n\nWith regard to the time of year at which the tournament takes place, there\nseems to be an inconsistency. Palamon escapes from prison on the 3rd of\nMay, and is discovered by Theseus on the 5th. Theseus fixes \"this day fifty\nwekes\" for the rendezvous at Athens, so that the tournament seems to fall\nin April. Chaucer, however, says that--\n\n \"Gret was the feste in Athenes thilke day,\n  And eke the lusty seson of that May\n  Made every wight to be, in swiche pleasance,\" &c.\n\nWhy the 3rd of May is particularly mentioned as the time of Palamon's\nescape, I cannot tell: there is probably some astrological reason. The\nmixture of astrological notions with mythology is curious: \"the pale\nSaturnus the colde\" is once more a dweller on Olympus, and interposes to\nreconcile Mars and Venus. By his influence Arcite is made to perish after\nhaving obtained from Mars the fulfilment of his prayer--\n\n \"Yeve me the victorie, I axe thee no more.\"\n\n[epsilon].\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n\"_Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole._\"--In Surrey, and most probably in\nother counties where {133} shell-snails abound, children amuse themselves\nby charming them with a chant to put forth their horns, of which I have\nonly heard the following couplet, which is repeated until it has the\ndesired effect, to the great amusement of the charmer.\n\n \"Snail, snail, come out of your hole,\n  Or else I'll beat you as black as a coal.\"\n\nIt is pleasant to find that this charm is not peculiar to English children,\nbut prevails in places as remote from each other as Naples and Silesia.\n\nThe Silesian rhyme is:\n\n \"Schnecke, schnecke, schnuerre!\n  Zeig mir dein viere,\n  Wenn mir dein viere nicht zeigst,\n  Schmeisz ich dich in den Graben,\n  Fressen dich die Raben;\"\n\nwhich may be thus paraphrased:\n\n \"Snail, snail, slug-slow,\n  To me thy four horns show;\n  If thou dost not show me thy four,\n  I will throw thee out of the door,\n  For the crow in the gutter,\n  To eat for bread and butter.\"\n\nIn that amusing Folk's-book of Neapolitan childish tales, the _Pentamerone_\nof the noble Count-Palatine Cavalier Giovan-Battista Basile, in the\nseventeenth tale, entitled \"La Palomma,\" we have a similar rhyme:\n\n \"Jesce, jesce, corna;\n  Ca mammata te scorna,\n  Te scorna 'ncoppa lastrico,\n  Che fa lo figlio mascolo.\"\n\nof which the sense may probably be:\n\n \"Peer out! Peer out! Put forth your horns!\n  At you your mother mocks and scorns;\n  Another son is on the stocks,\n  And you she scorns, at you she mocks.\"\n\nS. W. SINGER.\n\n_The Evil Eye._--This superstition is still prevalent in this neighbourhood\n(Launceston). I have very recently been informed of the case of a young\nwoman, in the village of Lifton, who is lying hopelessly ill of\nconsumption, which her neighbours attribute to her having been\n\"_overlooked_\" (this is the local phrase by which they designate the\nbaleful spell of the _evil eye_). An old woman in this town is supposed to\nhave the power of \"ill-wishing\" or bewitching her neighbours and their\ncattle, and is looked on with much awe in consequence.\n\nH. G. T.\n\n\"_Millery! Millery! Dousty-poll!_\" &c.--I am told by a neighbour of a cruel\ncustom among the children in Somersetshire, who, when they have caught a\ncertain kind of large white moth, which they call a _miller_, chant over it\nthis uncouth ditty:--\n\n \"Millery! Millery! _Dousty_-poll!\n  How many sacks hast thou stole?\"\n\nAnd then, with boyish recklessness, put the poor creature to death for the\nimagined misdeeds of his human namesake.\n\nH. G. T.\n\n_\"Nettle in, Dock out.\"_--Sometime since, turning over the leaves of\nClarke's _Chaucer_, I stumbled on the following passage in \"Troilus and\nCressida,\" vol. ii. p. 104.:--\n\n \"Thou biddest me that I should love another\n  All freshly newe, and let Creseide go,\n  It li'th not in my power leve brother,\n  And though I might, yet would I not do so:\n  But can'st thou playen racket to and fro,\n  _Nettle' in Dock out_, now this now that, Pandare?\n  Now foule fall her for thy woe that care.\"\n\nI was delighted to find the charm for a nettle sting, so familiar to my\nchildish ear, was as old as Chaucer's time, and exceedingly surprised to\nstumble on the following note:--\n\n    \"This appears to be a proverbial expression implying inconstancy; but\n    the origin of the phrase is unknown to all the commentators on our\n    poet.\"\n\nIf this be the case, Chaucer's commentators may as well be told that\nchildren in Northumberland use friction by a dock-leaf as the approved\nremedy for the sting of a nettle, or rather the approved charm; for the\npatient, while rubbing in the dock-juice, should keep repeating,--\n\n \"Nettle in, dock out,\n  Dock in, nettle out,\n  Nettle in, dock out,\n  Dock rub nettle out.\"\n\nThe meaning is therefore obvious. Troilus is indignant at being recommended\nto forget this Cressida for a new love, just as a child cures a\nnettle-sting by a dock-leaf. I know not whether you will deem this trifle\nworth a corner in your valuable and amusing \"NOTES.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE SCALIGERS.\n\n \"Lo primo tuo rifugio e 'l primo ostello\n    Sara la cortesia del gran Lombardo,\n  Che _'n su_ la Scala porta il santo uccello.\"\n                  Dante, _Paradiso_, xvii. 70.\n\nThe Scaligers are well known, not only as having held the lordship of\nVerona for some generations, but also as having been among the friends of\nDante in his exile, no mean reputation in itself; and, at a later period,\nas taking very high rank among the first scholars of their day. To which of\nthem the passage above properly belongs--whether to Can Grande, or his\nbrother Bartolommeo, or even his father Alberto, commentators are by no\nmeans agreed. The question is argued more largely than conclusively, both\nin the notes to Lombardi's edition, and also in Ugo Foscolo's _Discorso nel\ntesto di Dante_.\n\nPerhaps the following may be a contribution to the evidence in favour of\nCan Grande. After {134} saying, in a letter, in which he professes to give\nthe history and origin of his family,--\n\n    \"Prisca omnium familiarum Scaligerae stirpis insignia sunt, aut _Scala\n    singularis_, aut Canes utrinque scalae innitentes.\"\n\nJoseph Scaliger adds--\n\n    \"Denique principium Veronensium progenitores eadem habuerunt insignia:\n    _donec_ in eam familiam Alboinus et _Canis Magnus_ Aquilam imperii cum\n    Scala primum ab Henrico VII^o, deinde a Ludovico Bavaro acceptam nobis\n    reliquerunt.\"\n\nAlboinus, however, who received this grant upon being made a Lieutenant of\nthe Empire, and having the Signory of Verona made hereditary in his family,\nonly bore the eagle \"_in quadrante scuti_.\"\n\n    \"Sed Canis Magnus, cum eidem a Caesare Ludovico Bavaro idem privilegium\n    confirmatum esset, totum scutum Aquila occupavit, _subjecta Alitis\n    pedibus Scala_.\"\n\nCan Grande, then, was surely the first who carried the \"santo uccello\" _in\nsu_ la Scala; and his epithet of Grande would also agree best with Dante's\nwords, as neither his father nor brothers seem to have had the same claim\nto it.\n\nI would offer a farther remark about this same title or epithet Can Grande,\nand the origin of the scala or ladder as a charge upon the shield or coat\nof this family. Cane would at first sight appear to be a designation\nborrowed from the animal of that name. There would be parallels enough in\nItaly and elsewhere, as the Ursini, Lewis the Lion (VIII. of France), our\nown Coeur de Lion, and Harold Harefoot. Dante, too, refers to him under the\nname \"Il Veltro,\" _Inferno_, canto 1. l. 101. But Joseph Scaliger, in the\nletter to which I referred before, gives the following account of it:--\n\n    \"Nomen illi fuerat _Franscisco_, a sacro lavacro, _Cani_ a gentilitate,\n    _Magno_ a merito rerum gestarum. Neque enim _Canis_ ab illo _latranti\n    animali_ dictus est, ut recte monet Jovius, sed quod lingua Windorum,\n    unde principes Veronenses oriundos vult, _Cahan_ idem est, quod lingua\n    Serviana _Kral_, id est Rex, aut Princeps. Nam in gente nostra multi\n    fuerunt Canes, Mastini, Visulphi Guelphi.\"--P. 17.\n\nThis letter consists of about 58 pages, and stands first in the edition of\n1627. It is addressed \"ad Janum Dousam,\" and was written to vindicate his\nfamily from certain indignities which he conceived had been put upon it.\nSansovino and Villani, it appears, had referred its origin to Mastin II.,\n\"qui,\" to use Scaliger's version of the matter,--\n\n    \"Qui primus dictator populi Veronensis perpetuus creatus est, quem et\n    _auctorem_ nobilitatis Scaligerae et _Scalarum_ antea _fabrum_\n    impudentissime nugantur hostes virtutis majorum nostrorum.\"\n\nIt was bad enough to ascribe their origin to so recent a date, but to\nderive it from a mere mechanic was more than our author's patience could\nendure. Accordingly he is not sparing of invective against those who so\ndisparage his race.\n\n_Vappa_, _nebulo_, and similar terms, are freely applied to their\ncharacters; _invidia_, [Greek: kakoetheia], &c., to their motives. The\nfollowing is a specimen of the way he handles them:--\n\n    \"Dantes Poeta illustrissimum Christianissimorum Regum Franciae genus a\n    laniis Parisiensibus deducit, utique tam vere, quam ille tenebrio\n    nostrum a scalarum fabro: quas mirum, ni auctor generis _in suspendium\n    eorum parabat_, quos vaticinabatur illustri nobilitate suae\n    obtrectaturos.\"\n\nNow the charge of a ladder upon their shield was certainly borne by the\nseveral branches of this family long before any of them became masters of\nVerona; and I should suggest that it originated in some brilliant escalade\nof one of the first members of it. Thus, of course, it would remind us all\nof perhaps the earliest thing of the kind--I mean the shield and bearings\nof Eteoclus before Thebes:\n\n \"[Greek: Eschematistai d' aspis ou smikron tropon;]\n  [Greek: Aner d' hoplites klimakos prosambaseis]\n  [Greek: Steichei pros echthron purgon, ekpersai thelon.]\"\n                                  Sept. c. Thebas, 461.\n\nWALDEGRAVE BREWSTER.\n\n    H----n, Jan. 28. 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nINEDITED BALLAD ON TRUTH.\n\nI send you herewith a copy of an ancient ballad which I found this day\nwhile in search of other matters. I have endeavoured to explain away the\nstrange orthography, and I have conjecturally supplied the last line. The\nballad is unhappily imperfect. I trust that abler antiquaries than myself\nwill give their attention to this fragmentary poem.\n\n             \"A BALADE OF TROUTHE.\n\n          (Harl. MSS. No. 48. folio 92.)\n\n \"What more poyson . than ys venome.\n  What more spytefull . than ys troozte.[1]\n  Where shall hattred . sonere come.\n  Than oone anothyr . that troozte showthe.\n  Undoyng dysplesure . no love growthe.                          5\n  And to grete[2] men . in especyall.\n  Troozte dare speke . lest[3] of all.\n\n \"And troozte . all we be bound to.\n  And troozte . most men now dothe fle.[4]\n  What be we then . that so do.                                 10\n  Be we untrewe . troozte saythe ee.[5]\n  But he y^t tellethe troozte . what ys he.\n  A besy foole . hys name shalle ronge.[6]\n  Or else he hathe an euyle tonge.\n\n  {135}\n \"May a tong . be trew and evyle.                               15\n  Trootze ys good . and evyle ys navtze.[7]\n  God ys trootze . and navzt ys y^e devyle.\n  Ego sum veritas . o^r[8] lord tavzt.[9]\n  At whyche word . my conceyt lavzt.[10]\n  To se[11] our Lorde . yff[12] foly in hym be.                 20\n  To use troozt . that few doth but he.\n\n \"To medyle w^t trouthe[13] . no small game.\n  For trouthe told . of tyms ys shent.\n  And trouthe known . many doth blame.\n  When trouthe ys tyrned . from trew intent.                    25\n  Yet trouthe ys trouthe . trewly ment.[14]\n  But now what call they trouthe . trow ye.\n  Trowthe ys called colored honeste.\n\n \"Trouthe . ys honest without coloure.\n  Trouthe . shameth not in no condycyon.                        30\n  Of hymself . without a trespasowre.\n  By myst and knowne . of evyle condycyon.\n  But of trouthe thys ys y^e conclusyon.\n  Surely good ordre there ys brokyne.\n  Where trouthe may not . nor dare be spokyne.[15]              35\n\n \"Trouthe many tyms ys cast.\n  Out of credence . by enformacyon.\n  Yet trouthe crepthe[16] out at last.\n  And ovyr mastrythe cavylacyon.[17]\n  That I besech Cryst . every nacyon.                           40\n  May use trouthe . to God and man.\n  *  *  that he * not * syn *  *  .\"\n      *    *    *    *    *    *\n\nI would fill up the lacuna--\n\n \"Now that he do not syn . we can.\"\n\nPerhaps, I repeat, some more able antiquaries will give their attention to\nthis, and satisfy me on the _points_ of punctuation, date, &c.\n\nKENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.\n\n[Footnote 1: Truth, I presume, is meant, though it does not seem to agree\nwith the context, which is pure nonsense in its present condition.]\n\n[Footnote 2: Great.]\n\n[Footnote 3: Least.]\n\n[Footnote 4: Flee.]\n\n[Footnote 5: Yea.]\n\n[Footnote 6: Ring, I fancy.]\n\n[Footnote 7: Naught.]\n\n[Footnote 8: Our.]\n\n[Footnote 9: Taught.]\n\n[Footnote 10: Laughed.]\n\n[Footnote 11: See.]\n\n[Footnote 12: If.]\n\n[Footnote 13: Here the orthography changes.]\n\n[Footnote 14: Meant.]\n\n[Footnote 15: I think there must be some allusion here, which can only be\narrived at by knowing the date of its composition.]\n\n[Footnote 16: An elision for creepeth; possibly an intermediate\netymological state of _creeps_.]\n\n[Footnote 17: From \"to cavil.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Ayot St. Lawrence Church_ (Vol. iii., pp. 39. 102.). Ayot St. Lawrence,\nHerts, is another deserted church, like that of Landwade,--in fact a ruin,\nwith its monuments disgracefully exposed. I was so astonished at seeing it\nin 1850, that I would now ask the reason of its having been allowed to fall\ninto such distress, and how any one could have had the power to build the\npresent Greek one, instead of restoring its early Decorated neighbour. I\ndid not observe the 2 ft. 3 in. effigy alluded to in _Arch. Journ._ iii.\n239., but particularly noted the elegant sculpture on the chancel arch\ncapital.\n\nI would suggest to Mr. Kelke, that the incumbents of parishes should keep a\nseparate register, recording _all_ monuments, &c. as they are put up, as\nexisting, or as found in MS. church notes, or published in county\nhistories. In the majority of parishes the trouble of so doing would be\ntrifling, and to many a pleasant occupation.\n\nA. C.\n\n_Johannes Secundus_--_Parnel_--_Dr. Johnson._--In Dr. Johnson's _Life of\nParnel_ we find the following passage:--\n\n    \"I would add that the description of _Barrenness_, in his verses to\n    Pope, was borrowed from Secundus; but lately searching for the passage\n    which I had formerly read, I could not find it.\"\n\nI will first extract Parnel's description, and then the passage of\nSecundus; to which, I suppose, Dr. Johnson referred.\n\n \"This to my friend--and when a friend inspires,\n  My silent harp its master's hand requires,\n  Shakes off the dust, and makes these rocks resound,\n  For fortune placed me in unfertile ground;\n  Far from the joys that with my soul agree,\n  From wit, from learning--far, oh far, from thee!\n  Here moss-grown trees expand the smallest leaf,\n  Here half an acre's corn is half a sheaf.\n  Here hills with naked heads the tempest meet,\n  Rocks at their side, and torrents at their feet;\n  Or lazy lakes, unconscious of a flood,\n  Whose dull brown Naiads ever sleep in mud.\"\n\nSecundus in his first epistle of his first book (edit. Paris, p. 103.),\nthus writes:--\n\n \"Me retinet salsis infausta Valachria terris,\n    Oceanus tumidis quam vagus ambit aquis.\n  Nulla ubi vox avium, pelagi strepit undique murmur,\n    Coelum etiam larga desuper urget aqua.\n  Flat Boreas, dubiusque Notus, flat frigidus Eurus,\n    Felices Zephyri nil ubi juris habent.\n  Proque tuis ubi carminibus, Philomena canora,\n    Turpis in obscoena rana coaxat aqua.\"\n\nVARRO.\n\n_The King's Messengers, by the Rev. W. Adams._--Ought it not to be\nremarked, in future editions of this charming and highly poetical book\n(which has lately been translated into Swedish), that it is grounded on one\nof the \"examples\" occurring in _Barlaam and Josaphat_?\"\n\nIn the third or fourth century, an Indian prince names Josaphat was\nconverted to Christianity by a holy hermit called Barlaam. This subject was\nafterwards treated of by some Alexandrian priest, probably in the sixth\ncentury, in a beautiful tale, legend, or spiritual romance, in Greek, and\nin a style of great ease, beauty, warmth, and colouring. The work was\nafterwards attributed to Johannes Damascenus, who died in 760. In this\nhalf-Asiatic Christian prose epic, Barlaam employs a number of even then\nancient folk-tales and fables, spiritually interpreted, in Josaphat's\nconversion. It is on the fifth of these \"examples\" that Mr. Adams has built\nhis richly-glittering fairy palace.\n\n_Barlaam and Josaphat_ was translated into almost {136} every European\ndialect during the Middle Age, sometimes in verse, but usually in prose,\nand became an admired folk-book. Among the versions lately recovered I may\nmention one into Old-Swedish (a shorter one, published in my _Old-Swedish\nLegendarium_, and a longer one, not yet published); and one in\nOld-Norwegian, from a vellum MS. of the thirteenth century, shortly to\nappear in Christiania.\n\nGEORGE STEPHENS.\n\n    Stockholm.\n\n_Parallel Passages._--Under \"Parallel Passages\" (Vol. ii., p. 263.) there\noccur in two paragraphs--\"_There is an acre sown with royal seed,_\"\nconcluding with \"_living like gods, to die like men,_\" from Jeremy Taylor's\n_Holy Dying_; and from Francis Beaumont--\n\n \"_Here's an acre sown indeed_\n  _With the richest royalest seed._\n      .    .    .    .    .    .\n  _Though gods they were, as men they died._\"\n\nWhich of these twain borrowed the \"royal seed\" from the other, is a manner\nof little moment; but the correspondence of living as gods, and dying as\nmen, both undoubtedly taken from Holy Scripture; the phrase occurring in\neither Testament: \"I have said, Ye are gods ... But ye shall die like men\"\n(Psalm lxxxii. 6, 7.); quoted by our Saviour (John, x. 34.): \"Jesus\nanswered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are Gods?\"\n\nJ. G. M.\n\n    Hallamshire.\n\n_Cause of Rarity of William IV.'s Copper Coinage._--The copper coinage of\nWilliam IV. is become so scarce, that possibly a doubt may some day arise,\nwhether any but a very limited issue of it was ever made; it may be well,\ntherefore, to introduce a _note_ on the cause of its disappearance, while\nthe subject is comparatively recent.\n\nWhen the copper coins of the last reign appeared, a slight tinge in the\ncolour of the metal excited the suspicion of those accustomed to examine\nsuch things, that it contained gold, which proved to be the fact; hence\ntheir real value was greater than that for which they passed current, and\nthey were speedily collected and melted down by manufacturers, principally,\nI believe, as an alloy to gold, whereby every particle of that metal which\nthey contained was turned to account. I have been told that various\nBirmingham establishments had agents in different parts of the country,\nappointed to collect this coinage.\n\nR. C. H.\n\n_Burnet._--In the list of conflicting judgments on Burnet, quoted by your\ncorrespondents (Vol. i., pp. 40. 120. 181. 341. 493.), I find no reference\nto the opinion of his contemporary, Bishop Nicolson. That writer takes a\nsomewhat partial view of the character and merits of the historian, and\ncanvasses, by anticipation, much of what has been urged against him by our\nmore modern critics. But, as the weight of authorities already cited\nappears to militate against Burnet, I am induced to send you some of Bishop\nNicolson's remarks, for the sake of those readers who may not have\nimmediate access to them. I quote from his _English Historical Library_,\n2nd edition, p. 119.:\n\n    \"In the months of December and January in the year following (1680),\n    the historian (G. Burnet) had the thanks of both Houses of Parliament\n    for what he had already done; and was desired to proceed to the\n    finishing of the whole work, which was done accordingly. This historian\n    gives a punctual account of all the affairs of the Reformation, from\n    its first beginning in the reign of Henry VIII., till it was finally\n    completed and settled by Queen Elizabeth, A.D. 1559. And the whole is\n    penned in such a masculine style as becomes an historian, and such as\n    is this author's property in all his writings. The collection of\n    records which he gives in the conclusion of each volume are good\n    vouchers of the truth of all he delivers (as such) in the body of his\n    history; and are much more perfect than could reasonably be expected,\n    after the pains taken, in Queen Mary's days, to suppress everything\n    that carried the marks of the Reformation upon it. The work has had so\n    much justice done it, as to meet with a general acceptance abroad, and\n    to be translated into most of the European languages; insomuch that\n    even the most piquant of the author's enemies allow it to have a\n    _reputation firmly and deservedly established_. Indeed, some of the\n    French writers have cavilled at it; but the most eminent of them (M.\n    Varillas and M. Le Grand) have received due correction from the author\n    himself.\"\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\n    St. Lucia, Dec. 1850.\n\n_Coleridge's Opinion of Defoe._--Wilson, in his _Memoirs of the life and\nTimes of Defoe_, vol. ii. p. 205., having quoted the opinion of the Editor\nof Cadell's edition of _Robinson Crusoe_,--\"that Defoe wanted many of those\nqualities, both of mind and manner, which fitted Steele and Addison to be\nthe inimitable _arbitri elegantiarum_ of English society, there can be no\ndoubt,\"--Coleridge wrote in the margin of his copy, \"I doubt this,\nparticularly in respect to Addison, and think I could select from Defoe's\nwritings a volume equal in size to Addison's collected papers, little\ninferior in wit and humour, and greatly superior in vigor of style and\nthought.\"\n\nTs.\n\n_Miller's \"Philosophy of Modern History.\"_--In the memoir, chiefly\nautobiographical, prefixed to the last edition (published by Mr. Bohn,\n1848-9) of this most able and interesting work, we find the following\nwords, p. xxxv.:\n\n    \"In the preceding period of my lecturing, I collected a moderate\n    audience [seldom exceeding ten persons] in the Law School [his friend,\n    Alexander Knox, being always one], sufficient to encourage me, or at\n    least to permit me, to persevere, but not to animate my exertions by\n    publicity. But as I was approaching the sixteenth century, the number\n    of my hearers {137} increased so much, that I was encouraged to remove\n    to the Examination Hall, from which time my lectures attracted a large\n    portion of public attention, strangers forming a considerable portion\n    of the auditory.\"\n\nIt is worthy of remark, in connexion with this production of a\nhighly-gifted scholar and divine, whose name does honour to Trinity\nCollege, Dublin, that Dr. Sullivan's _Lectures on the Constitution and Laws\nof England_, which have since deservedly acquired so much fame, were\ndelivered in presence of only _three_ individuals, Dr. Michael Kearney and\ntwo others--surely no great encouragement to Irish genius! In fact, the\nIrish long seemed unconscious of the merits of two considerable works by\nsons of their own university,--Hamilton's _Conic Sections_ and Sullivan's\n_Lectures_; and hesitated to praise, until the incense of fame arose to one\nfrom the literary altars of Cambridge, and an English judge, Sir William\nBlackstone, authorised the other.\n\nIn the memoir to which I have referred, we find a complete list of the many\npublications which Dr. Miller, \"distinguished for his services in theology\nand literature,\" sent forth from the press. We are likewise informed that\nthere are some unpublished letters from Hannah More, Alexander Knox, and\nother distinguished characters, with whom Dr. Miller was in the habit of\ncorresponding.\n\nABHBA.\n\n_Anticipations of Modern Ideas or Inventions._--In Vol. iii., pp. 62. 69.,\nare two interesting instances of this sort. In Wilson's _Life of Defoe_, he\ngives the titles of two works which I have often sought in vain, and which\nhe classes amongst the writings of that voluminous author. They run thus:\n\n    \"_Augusta triumphans_, or the way to make London the most flourishing\n    city in the universe. I. By establishing a university where gentlemen\n    may have an academical education under the eye of their friends [_the\n    London University anticipated_]. II. To prevent much murder, &c., by an\n    hospital for foundlings. III. By suppressing pretended madhouses, where\n    many of the fair sex are unjustly confin'd while their husbands keep\n    mistresses, and many widows are lock'd up for the sake of their\n    jointures. IV. To save our youth from destruction by suppressing gaming\n    tables, and Sunday debauches. V. To avoid the expensive importation of\n    foreign musicians by promoting an academy of our own, [_Anticipation of\n    the Royal Academy of Music_], &c. &c. London: T. Warner. 1728. 8vo.\"\n\n    \"_Second Thoughts are Best_; or a further Improvement of a late Scheme\n    to prevent Street Robberies, by which our Streets will be so strongly\n    guarded and so gloriously illuminated, that any Part of London will be\n    as safe and pleasant at Midnight as at Noonday; and Burglary totally\n    impracticable [_a remarkable anticipation of the present state of\n    things in the principal thoroughfares_]. With some Thoughts for\n    suppressing Robberies in all the Public Roads of England [_rural police\n    anticipated_]. Humbly offer'd for the Good of his Country, submitted to\n    the Consideration of Parliament, and dedicated to his Sacred Majesty\n    Geo. II., by Andrew Moreton, Esq. [supposed to be an assumed name; a\n    common practice of De Foe's]. London. W. Meadows, 1729.\"\n\nR. D. H.\n\n\"_Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon!_\"--The above text is often quoted as\nnot being in accordance with the present state of our astronomical\nknowledge, and many well-known commentators on the Bible have adopted the\nsame opinion.\n\nI find Kitto, in the _Pictorial Bible_, characterising it as \"an example of\nthose bold metaphors and poetical forms of expression with which the\nScriptures abound.\" Scott (edit. 1850) states that \"it would have been\nimproper that he (Joshua) should speak, or that the miracle should be\nrecorded according to the terms of modern astronomy.\"\n\nMant (edit. 1830) says: \"It is remarkable that the terms in which this\nevent is recorded do not agree with what is now known rewarding the motion\nof the heavenly bodies.\"\n\nIs it certain that Joshua's words are absolutely at variance and\nirreconcileable with the present state of astronomical knowledge?\nAstronomers allow that the sun is the centre and governing principle of our\nsystem, and that it revolves on its axis. What readier means, then, could\nJoshua have found for staying the motion of our planet, than by commanding\nthe revolving centre, in its inseparable connexion with all planetary\nmotion, to stand still?\n\nI. K.\n\n_Langley's Polidore Vergile._--At the back of the title of a copy of\nLangley's _Abridgement of Polidore Vergile_, 8vo., Lond. 1546, seen by\nHearne in 1719, was the following MS. note:\n\n    \"At Oxforde, the yere 1546, browt down to Seynbury by John Darbye,\n    pryse 14d. When I kept Mr. Letymer's shype I bout thys boke when the\n    Testament was obberagatyd that shepe herdys myght not red hit. I prey\n    God amende that blyndnes. Wryt by Robert Wyllyams, kepynge shepe uppon\n    Seynbury Hill.\"\n\nAt the end of the dedication to Sir Ant. Denny is also written:\n\n    \"Robert Wyllyams Boke, bowgyt by John Darby at Oesforth, and brot to\n    Seynbury.\"\n\nThe Seynbury here mentioned was doubtless Saintbury in Gloucestershire, on\nthe borders of Worcestershire, near Chipping Campden, and about four miles\ndistant from Evesham.\n\nP. B.\n\n_Luther and Ignatius Loyola._--A parallel or counterpoising view of these\ntwo characters has been quoted in several publications, some of recent\ndate; but in all it is attributed to a wrong source. Mr. M^cGavin, in his\n_Protestant_, Letter CXL., (p. 582, ed. 1846); Mr. Overbury, in his\n_Jesuits_ (Lond. 1846), p. 8., and, of course, the authority from which he\nborrows, Poynder's _History of the Jesuits_; and Dr. Dowling's _Romanism_,\np. 473. {138} (ed. New York, 1849)--all these give, as the authority for\nthe contrasted characters quoted, Damian's _Synopsis Societatis Jesu_.\nNothing of the kind appears _there_; but in the _Imago primi Saeculi Soc.\nJesu_, 1640, it will be found, p. 19.\n\nThe misleader of these writers seems to have been Villers, in his _Prize\nEssay on the Reformation_, or his annotator, Mills, p. 374.\n\nNOVUS.\n\nP.S. (Vol. ii., p. 375.).--The lines quoted by Dr. Pusey, I have some\nnotion, belong to a Romish, not a Socinian, writer.\n\n_Winkel._--I thought, some time since, that the places bearing this name in\nEngland, were taken from the like German word, signifying _a corner_. I\nfind, on examination, that there is a village in Rhenish Prussia named\n\"Winkel.\" It seems that Charlemagne had a wine-cellar there; so that that\nword is no doubt taken from the German words _wein_ and _keller_, from the\nLatin _vinum_ and _cella_.\n\nAREDJID KOOEZ.\n\n_Foreign Renderings._--In addition to those given, I will add the\nfollowing, which I once came across at Salzburg:\n\n    \"George Nelboeck recommande l'hotel aux _Trois Allies_, vis-a-vis de la\n    maison paternelle du celebre Mozart, lequel est nouvellement fourni et\n    offre tous les comforts a Mrs. les voyageurs.\"\n\nTranslated as follows:\n\n    \"George Nelboeck begs leave to _recommand_ his hotel to the Three\n    Allied, situated _vis-a-vis_ of the birth house of Mozart, which offers\n    all comforts to the _meanest_ charges.\"\n\nAlso the following:\n\n    \"M. Reutlinger (of Frankfort on Main) _takes_ leave to _recommande_ his\n    well furnished magazine of all kind of travelling-luggage and\n    _sadle_-works.\"\n\nAREDJID KOOEZ.\n\n_Samuel Johnson--Gilbert Wakefield._--Whoever has had much to do with the\npress will sympathise with MR. CHARLES KNIGHT in all that he has stated\n(\"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vol. iii., p. 62.) respecting the accidental--but not\nat first discovered--substitution of _modern_ for _moderate_. If that word\n_modern_ had not been detected till it was too late for an explanation on\nauthority, what strange conjectures would have been the consequence!\nHappily, MR. KNIGHT was at hand to remove that stumbling-block.\n\nI rather fancy that I can rescue Samuel Johnson from the fangs of Gilbert\nWakefield, by the supposition of an error of the press. In 1786, Wakefield\npublished an edition of Gray's _Poems_, with notes; and in the last note on\nGray's \"Ode on the Death of a Cat,\" he thus animadverts on Dr. Johnson:--\n\n    Our critic exposes himself to reproof from the manner in which he has\n    conveyed his severe remark: _show a rhyme is sometimes made_. The\n    omission of the relative, a too common practice with our writers, is an\n    impropriety of the grossest kind: and which _neither gods or men_, as\n    one expresses himself, nor any language under heaven, can endure.\"\n\nNow in Dr. Johnson's _Life of Gray_, we find this sentence:--\n\n    \"In the first stanza 'the azure flowers that blow' show resolutely a\n    rhyme is sometimes made when it cannot easily be found.\"\n\nMy notion is, that the word _how_ has been omitted in the printing, from\nthe similarity of blow, show, how; and thus the sentence will be--\n\n    \"_The azure flowers that blow_ show how resolutely a rhyme is sometimes\n    made when it cannot easily be found.\"\n\nBut Gilbert Wakefield was a critic by profession, and apparently as great\nin English as he was in Greek.\n\nVARRO.\n\n_Passage in Gray's Elegy._--I do not remember to have seen noted the\nevident Lucretian origin of the verse--\n\n \"For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,\n    Nor busy housewife ply her evening care;\n  No children run to lisp their sire's return,\n    Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share.\"\n\nCompare Lucretius, lib. 3. v. 907.:\n\n \"At jam non domus accipiet te laeta; neque uxor\n  Optima, nec dulces occurrent oscula nati\n  Praeripere, et tacita pectus dulcedine tangent.\"\n\nECHO.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.\n\n(_Continued from_ Vol. iii., p. 87.)\n\n(39.) Does any one now feel inclined to vindicate for Inchofer, Scioppius,\nBariac, or Contarini, the authorship of the _Monarchia Solipsorum_?\nNotwithstanding the testimony of the Venice edition of 1652, as well as the\nvery abundant evidence of successive witnesses, in favour of the\nfirst-named writer, (whose claim has been recognised so lately as the year\n1790, by the _Indice Ultimo_ of Madrid), can there be the smallest doubt\nthat the veritable inventor of this satire upon the Jesuits was their\nformer associate, JULES-CLEMENT SCOTTI? For the interpretation of his\npseudonyme, \"Lucius Cornelius Europaeus,\" see Niceron, _Mem._ xxxix. 70-1.\n\n(40.) Mr. Cureton (_Ant. Syr. vers. of Ep. of S. Ignat._ Preface, p. ii.,\nLond. 1845) has asserted that--\n\n    \"The first Epistles published, bearing the name of St. Ignatius--one to\n    the Holy Virgin, and two to the Apostle St. John, in Latin,--were\n    printed in the year 1495. Three years later there appeared an edition\n    of eleven Epistles, also in Latin, attributed to the same {139} holy\n    Martyr. But nearly seventy years more elapsed before any edition of\n    these Epistles in Greek was printed. In 1557, Val. Paceus published\n    twelve,\" &c.\n\nTwo connected Queries may be founded upon this statement:--(1.) Is not Mr.\nCureton undoubtedly in error with respect to the year 1495? for, if we may\nbelieve Orlandi, Maittaire, Fabricius (_B. G._), and Ceillier, the three\nLatin Epistles above named had been set forth previously at Cologne, in\n1478. (2.) By what mysterious species of arithmetic can it be demonstrated\nthat \"nearly _seventy_ years\" elapsed between 1498 and 1557? The process\nmust be a somewhat similar one to that by which \"A.D. 360\" is made\nequivalent to \"five-and-_twenty_ years after the Council of Nice.\" (Pref.,\np. xxxiv.) In the former instance \"_seventy_\" is hardly a literal\ntranslation of Bishop Pearson's \"_sexaginta_:\" but whether these\nmiscalculations have been already adverted to, and subsequently amended, or\nnot, I cannot tell.\n\n(41.) In the same Preface (p. xxiv.) a very strange argument was put\nforward, which, as we may learn from the last _Quarterly Review_, p. 79.,\nwhere it is satisfactorily refuted, has been since repeated by Mr. Cureton.\nHe maintains that the Syriac text of the Ignatian Epistles cannot be an\nepitome, because that \"we know of no instances of such abridgment in any\nChristian writer.\" To commence with the West,--is not Mr. Cureton\nacquainted with the manner in which Rufinus dealt with the _History_ of\nEusebius? Have we here no specimens of abbreviation; no allusion in the\nprologue to \"omissis quae videbantur superflua?\" Has Mr. C. never looked\ninto that memorable combination of the independent works of three\ncontemporaries, entitled _Historia Tripartita?_ and, not to wander from the\nstrictest bounds of bibliography, will any one presume to boast of having a\ncopy of this book printed prior to that now near me, (a spectacle which De\nBure could never get a sight of), \"per Iohannem Schueszler regie vrbis\nAugustensis ciuem,\" anno 1472? But let us go to the East in search of\ncompendiums. Did not Theodorus Lector, early in the sixth century, reduce\ninto a harmony the compositions of Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret? How\ndoes Assemani speak of the first two parts of the Ecclesiastical History of\nZacharias Rhetor, supposed to have been written _in Syriac_, about the year\n540? \"Prima est _epitome_ Socratis, altera Theodoreti.\" (_Biblioth.\nOrient._, tom. ii. cap. vii.) On this occasion, manifestly, ancient records\nare encountered in an abridged Syriac form; a circumstance which will not\nstrengthen the Curetonian theory relative to the text of the Ignatian\nEpistles. Again, bearing in mind the resemblance that exists between\npassages in the interpolated Epistles and in the Apostolic Constitutions,\nwith the latter of which the _Didascalia_ of Ignatius seems to have been\ncommingled, let us inquire, Did not Dr. Grabe, in his _Essay upon the\nDoctrine of the Apostles_, published in 1711, unanswerably prove that the\n_Syriac_ copy of this _Didascalia_ was much more contracted than the\n_Arabic_ one, or than the _Greek_ Constitutions of the Apostles? Is it not\ntrue that extracted portions of these Constitutions are found in some old\nMS. collections of Canons? Has not Cotelier furnished us with an\n\"_Epitome_,\" compiled by Metaphrastes from Clementine counterfeits,\nconcerning the life of S. Peter? And, to descend from the tenth to the\nsixteenth century, are we not indebted to Carolus Capellius for an\n\"_Epitome Apostolicarum Constitutionum, in Creta insula repertarum_,\" 4to.,\nIngolstad. 1546?\n\n(42.) When MR MERRYWEATHER (Vol. iii., p. 60.) was seeking for monastic\nnotices of extreme longevity, did he always find it feasible to meet with\nIngulphus's History of Croyland Abbey \"_apud Wharton, Anglia Sacra_, 613?\"\nand if it be not enough to have read an account of an ecclesiastic who is\nsaid to have attained to the delectable age of 168 years, is it not\nquestionable that anything will suffice except it be the narrative of the\n_Seven Sleepers_? The third \"Lectio\" relating to these Champions of\nChristendom, as it is given in a Vatican MS., makes the period of their\nslumber to have been about 370 years. Who was the author of that\nfinely-printed and illustrated quarto volume, the _Sanctorum Septem\nDormientium Historia, ex Ectypis Musei Victorii expressa_, published, with\nthe full approbation of the Censors, Romae, 1741? \"Obscurus esse gestio\" is\nhis declaration about himself (p. 63.). Has he remained incognito?\n\nR. G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSHAKSPEARE'S \"ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA.\"\n\nThe first scene of the third act of Shakspeare's play of \"Antony and\nCleopatra,\" at first sight, appears to be totally unconnected with what\ngoes before and what follows. It may be observed that the dramas founded on\nthe Roman history are much more regular in their construction than those\nfounded on the English history. Indeed, with respect to the drama in\nquestion, I am not aware of any scene, with the exception of that I have\nmentioned, which does not bear more or less on the fortunes of the\npersonages from whom the play derives its name. Hence I am led to\nconjecture that the dramatist here alludes to some event of the day, which\nwas well known to his audience. The speech of Ventidius seems to point to\nsomething of the kind:\n\n                     \"O Silius, Silius!\n  I have done enough: a lower place, note well,\n  May make too great an act: for learn this, Silius;\n  Better leave undone, than by our deed acquire\n  Too high a fame, when him we serve's away,\" &c.\n\nSome of your numerous readers will doubtless {140} be able to inform me\nwhether there is any instance in the annals of that age of an inferior\nofficer outshining his superior, and being cashiered or neglected in\nconsequence.\n\nMalone assigns to the play the date of 1608.\n\nX. Z.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nGREENE'S \"GROATSWORTH OF WITTE.\"\n\nThe interesting article by the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, on the early German\ntranslation of Greene's _Quip for an Upstart Courtier_, will, I am sure, be\nread with attention by all lovers of our early literature. My object in\naddressing you on the subject is to draw the attention of your foreign\ncorrespondents, and perhaps the notice of your new contemporary, to the\ngreat importance of discovering whether the _Groatsworth of Witte_ was also\ntranslated into German. The earliest edition I have seen is that of 1617,\nbut it was printed as early as 1592; and I have long been curious to\nascertain whether the remarkable passage respecting Shakspeare has\ndescended to us in its genuine state. In the absence of the English edition\nof 1592, this information might be obtained from a translation published\nbefore 1617. Perhaps, however, some of your readers may be able to point\nout the existence of an earlier edition. I have sought for that of 1592 for\nseveral years without any success.\n\nJ. O. HALLIWELL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Fronte Capillata._--The following lines recurred to my memory after\nreading in your last number the translation of the epigram by Pasidippus in\nthe article on \"Fronte capillata,\" &c.; it is many years since I read them,\nbut have forgotten where. Can you or any of your correspondents inform me\nwho is the author of them?\n\n \"Oh! who art thou so fast proceeding,\n    Ne'er glancing back thine eyes of flame?\n  Known but to few, through earth I'm speeding,\n    And Opportunity's my name.\n\n \"What form is that, that scowls beside thee?\n    Repentance is the form you see;\n  Learn then the fate may yet betide thee,\n    She seizes them, who seize not me.\"\n\nHENRY M. BURT.\n\n    Gibson Square, Feb. 4. 1851.\n\n_Prayer of Bishop of Nantes._--In Allison's _History of the French\nRevolution_, ed. 1849, at page 432. vol. i., there occurs the following\npassage:\n\n    \"The Bishop of Nancy commenced, as customary, with the prayer:\n    'Receive, O God, the homage of the Clergy, the respects of the\n    Noblesse, and the humble supplications of the Tiers Etat.'\"\n\nThis formula was, the historian tells us, received with a storm of\ndisapprobation by the third order. Will any of your contributors be so\nobliging as to inform me where the form of prayer spoken of as _customary_\nis to be found?\n\nJ. M.\n\n    Liverpool.\n\n_Advantage of a Bad Ear._--Can any of your readers supply the name of the\nman of mark in English history, who says \"he encouraged in himself a bad\near, because it enabled him to enjoy music he would not have enjoyed\nwithout?\"\n\nI have looked through the lives of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Hampden,\nHobbes, Andrew Marvell, and Fletcher of Saltoun, without finding it; though\nit is possible it may be in some of these after all. The list given will\npoint to the kind of personage in question.\n\nTN.\n\n_Imputed Letters of Sullustius or Sallustius_ (Vol. iii., p. 62.).--I am\nsorry to say that the printer has completely spoiled my Query, by printing\n_Sullustius_ instead of _Sallustius_ throughout the whole article. I\nsubjoin a few more particulars concerning them. In the edition printed at\nCambridge (4to. 1710), and published under the auspices of the learned\nWasse, they are included. They are there entitled _Orationes ad C. Caesarem,\nde Republica Ordinanda_. Cortius rejects them, and De Brosses accepts them.\nDouza, Crispinus, Perizonius, Clericus, &c., all speak in favour of their\nauthenticity. Allen does not mention them, and Anthon rejects them\nentirely. With these additional hints I doubt not but that some of your\nobliging correspondents will be able to give me a reply.\n\nKENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.\n\n_Rev. W. Adams._--When did Mr. Adams, the accomplished author of the\n_Sacred Allegories_, die? This is unaccountably omitted in the \"Memoir\"\nprefixed to the collected edition of his _Allegories_ (London, Rivingtons,\n1849). Can any characteristic anecdote be related of him, suitable for\ngiving _point_ to a sketch of his life for foreign readers?\n\nGEORGE STEPHENS.\n\n    Stockholm.\n\n_Mr. Beard, Vicar of Greenwich._--Any information relating to \"Mr. Beard,\nVicar of Greenwich,\" who, in the year 1563, was recommended by Loftus,\nArchbishop of Armagh, and Brady, Bishop of Meath, as a proper person to be\npreferred to the bishopric of Kildare, will be very acceptable to--\n\nSPES.\n\n_Goddard's History of Lynn._--It has been always understood that Mr. Guybon\nGoddard (who was Recorder of this borough in 1651 or thereabouts) collected\na quantity of materials for a history of Lynn, and that in 1677 or 1678 an\noffer to purchase them was made by the corporation to his son, Thomas\nGoddard, but it seems without success. The fact of such materials having\nbeen {141} collected is recognised by Goddard's brother-in-law, Sir Wm.\nDugdale (who refers to it in some part of his works), as also by Parkin, in\nhis _History of Freebridge and King's Lynn_, p. 293., where he is called a\ncurious collector of antiquities. My Query is, Can any of your\ncorrespondents inform me where this collection can be met with?\n\nJOHN NURSE CHADWICK.\n\n_Sir Andrew Chadwick._--It is stated that on the 18th Jan. 1709-10, Sir\nAndrew Chadwick, of St. James's, Westminster, was knighted by Queen Anne\nfor some service done to her, it is supposed for rescuing her when thrown\nfrom her horse. Can any of your correspondents inform me if such was the\nfact, and from what source they derive their information?\n\nJOHN NURSE CHADWICK.\n\n    King's Lynn.\n\n_Sangaree._--Your periodical having been the means of eliciting some\ninteresting particulars respecting the origin of the word _grog_, perhaps\nyou will allow me to claim a similar distinction for the word _sangaree_.\nYou are aware that this word is applied, in the West Indies, to a beverage\ncomposed of Madeira wine, syrup, water, and nutmeg. The French call it\n_sangris_, in allusion, it is supposed, to the colour of the beverage,\nwhich when mixed has the appearance, as it were, of grey blood _(sang\ngris)_: but as there is reason to believe that the English were the first\nto introduce the use of the thing, they having been the first to introduce\nits principal ingredient, Madeira wine, I am disposed to look upon\n_sangaree_ as the original word, and _sangris_ as nothing more than a\ncorruption of it. Can any of your readers (among whom I trust there are\nmany retired West India planters) give the etymology of this word?\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\n    St. Lucia, Dec. 1850.\n\n_King John at Lincoln._--Matthew Paris, under the year 1200, gives an\naccount of King John's visiting Lincoln to meet William, king of Scots, and\nto receive his homage:\n\n    \"Ubi Rex Johannes, [he says] contra consilium multorum, intravit\n    civitatem intrepidus, quod nullus antecessorum suorum attentare ausus\n    fuerat.\"\n\nMy Query is, What were they afraid of?\n\nC. W. B.\n\n_Canes lesi._--May I also put a question with respect to an ancient tenure\nin Dorsetshire, recorded by Blount, edit. 1679, p. 46.:\n\n    \"Juliana, &c., tenuit dimidiam hidam terrae, &c., per serjantiam\n    custodiendi _Canes_ Domini Regis _lesos_, si qui fuerint, quotiescunque\n    Dominus Rex fugaverit in Foresta sua de _Blakemore_: et ad dandum unum\n    denarium ad clancturam Parci Domini Regis de _Gillingham_.\"\n\nBlount's explanation of _Canes lesos_, is \"leash hounds or park hounds,\nsuch as draw after a hurt deer in a leash, or liam;\" but is there any\nreason why we should not adopt the more simple rendering of \"hurt hounds;\"\nand suppose that Dame Juliana was matron of the Royal Dorset Dog Hospital?\n\nDucange gives no such word as _lesus_; neither does he nor any authority,\nto which I have access, help me to understand the word _clanctura_. I\ntrust, however, that some of your correspondents will.\n\nC. W. B.\n\n_Headings of Chapters in English Bibles._--The arguments or contents which\nare prefixed to each chapter of our English Bibles seem occasionally to\nvary; some being more full and comprehensive than others. When and by whom\nwere they compiled? what authority do they possess? and where can we meet\nwith any account of them?\n\nLITURGICUS.\n\n_Abbot Eustacius and Angodus de Lindsei._--Can any of your learned readers\ninform me in what reign an Abbot _Eustacius_ flourished? He is witness to a\ncharter of Ricardus de Lindsei, on his granting twelve denarii to St. Mary\nof _Greenfeld_, in Lincolnshire: there being no date, I am anxious to\nascertain its antiquity. He is there designated \"_Eustacius Abbe Flamoei_.\"\nAlso witnessed by Willo' decano de Hoggestap, Roberto de Wells, Eudene de\nBavent, Radulpho de Neuilla, &c. The latter appears in the Doomsday Book.\nThe charter is to be found among Ascough's Col., B. M.\n\nI should also be glad to know whether the Christian name _Angodus_ be\nGerman, Norman, or Saxon. Angodus de Lindsei grants a carrucate of land in\nHedreshille to St. Albans, in the time of the Conqueror. If this person\nassumed the name of _Lindsei_ previous to the Doomsday inquisition, ought\nnot his name to have appeared in the Doomsday Book,--he who could afford to\nmake a grant of 100 acres of land to the Abbey of St. Albans?\n\nJ. L.\n\n_Oration against Demosthenes._--Mr. Harris of Alexandria made a discovery,\nsome years ago, of a fragment of an oration against Demosthenes. Can you,\nor any of your kind correspondents, favour me with an account of it? I\ncannot recall the particulars of the discovery, but I believe the oration,\nwith a _fac-simile_, was privately printed.\n\nKENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.\n\n_Pun._--C. H. KENYON (Vol. iii., p. 37.) asks if Milton could have\nseriously perpetrated the pun \"each tome a tomb.\" I doubt whether he\nintended it for a pun. But his Query induces me to put another. Whence and\nwhen did the aversion to, and contempt for, a pun arise? Is it an offshoot\nfrom the Reformation? Our Catholic fellow-countrymen surely felt no such\naversion; for the claim which they make of supremacy for {142} their church\nis based upon a pun, and that a very sorry one.\n\nA. R.\n\n_Sonnet (query by Milton?)_ (Vol. iii., p. 37.).--May I inquire from your\ncorrespondent whether he possesses the book, _A Collection of Recente and\nWitty Pieces by Several Eminente Hands_, London, 1628, from which this\nsonnet is stated to be extracted. The lines look suspiciously modern, and I\nshould, before making any further observations upon them, be glad to be\nassured of their authenticity through the medium of your pages.\n\nJAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n_Medal given to Howard._--Hepworth Dixon, in his _Life of Howard_, mentions\na Russian General Bulgarhow, who was presented by his countrymen with a\ngold medal, as \"one who had deserved well of his country.\" The General's\nreply stated that _his_ services to mankind reached his own country only;\nbut there _was_ a man whose extraordinary philanthropy took in all the\nworld,--who had already, with infinite toil and peril, extended his\nhumanity to all nations,--and who was therefore alone worthy of such a\ndistinction; to him, his master in benevolence, he should send the medal!\nAnd he did so. Can any of your readers inform me who now possesses this\nmedal, and where it is to be found?\n\nW. A.\n\n_Withers' Devil at Sarum_.--Where is Withers' _Devil at Sarum_, mentioned\nin Hudibras, to be met with? It is not in any of his collected works that I\nhave seen.\n\nJAMES WAYLEN.\n\n_Election of a Pope._--I have read somewhere that some cardinals assembled\nin a water-closet in order to elect a pope. Can any of your readers refer\nme to any book where such a fact is mentioned?\n\nT.\n\n_Battle in Wiltshire_.--A pamphlet dated (in MS.) Dec. 12. 1642, describes\nan engagement as taking place in Wiltshire between Rupert and Skippon. If\nthis be so, how comes it to pass that not only the general histories are\nsilent as to the event, but that even the newspapers omit it? We know that\nRupert was at the sack of Cirencester, in February, 1642-3; and Cirencester\nis on the borders of Wiltshire: but is there any authority for the\nfirst-mentioned visit to this county, during the period from the affair at\nBrentford to the taking of Cirencester?\n\nJAMES WAYLEN.\n\n_Colonel Fell_.--Can you inform me who are the representatives or\ndescendants of Lieut.-Colonel Robert Edward Fell, of St. Martin's in the\nFields, London, where he was living in the year 1770? He was the\ngreat-grandson of Thomas Fell, of Swarthmore Hall, co. Lancaster, Esq.,\nChancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster during the Commonwealth, whose widow\nmarried George Fox, founder of the Quakers.\n\nDE H.\n\n_Tennyson's \"In Memoriam.\"_--Perhaps some of your readers may be able to\nexplain the reference in the following verse, the first in this beautiful\nseries of poems:\n\n \"I held it truth, with him who sings\n  To one clear harp in divers tones,\n  That men may rise on stepping-stones\n  Of their dead selves to higher things.\"\n\nThe following stanza, also in the poem numbered 87., much needs\ninterpretation:\n\n \"Or cooled within the glooming wave,--\n  And last, returning from afar,\n  _Before the crimson-circled star_\n  _Had fallen into her father's grave._\"\n\nW. B. H.\n\n    Manchester.\n\n_Magnum Sedile._--Can any of your correspondents throw light on the\nsingular arched recesses, sometimes (though rarely) to be found on the\nsouth side of chancels, west of the sedilia. The name of _magnum sedile_\nhas been given to them, I know not on what authority; but if they were\nintended to be used as stalls of dignity for special occasions, they would\nhardly have been made so wide and low as they are generally found. A good\nexample occurs at Fulbourn, Cambridgeshire,--certainly not monumental; and\nanother (but more like a tomb) at Merton, near Oxford, engraved in the\n_Glossary of Architecture_. Why should they not have been intended for the\nholy sepulchre at Easter? as I am not aware that these were necessarily\nrestricted to the north side. Is there any instance of a recess of this\nkind on the south side, and an Easter sepulchre on the north, in the same\nchurch?\n\nC. R. M.\n\n_Ace of Diamonds--the Earl of Cork._--In addition to the _soubriquets_\nbestowed upon the nine of diamonds of \"the Curse of Scotland,\" and that of\n\"the Grace Card,\" given to the six of hearts (Vol. i., pp. 90. 119.), there\nis yet another, attached to the ace of diamonds, which is everywhere in\nIreland denominated \"the Earl of Cork,\" the origin of which I should be\nglad to know.\n\nE. S. T.\n\n_Closing of Rooms on account of Death._--In the _Spectator_, No. 110.,\nJuly, 1711, one of Addison's papers on Sir Roger de Coverley, the following\npassage occurs:\n\n    \"My friend, Sir Roger, has often told me with a good deal of mirth,\n    that at his first coming to his estate he found three parts of his\n    house altogether useless; that the best room in it had the reputation\n    of being haunted, and by that means was locked up; that noises had been\n    heard in his long gallery, so that he could not get a servant to enter\n    it after eight o'clock at night; that the door of one of his chambers\n    was nailed up, because there went a story in the family that a butler\n    had formerly hanged himself in it; and that his mother, who lived to a\n    great age, had shut up half the rooms in the house, in which either her\n    husband, a son, {143} or daughter had died. The knight seeing his\n    habitation reduced to so small a compass, and himself in a manner shut\n    out of his own house, upon the death of his mother ordered all the\n    apartments to be flung open, and exorcised by his chaplain, who lay in\n    every room one after another, and by that means dissipated the fears\n    which had so long reigned in the family.\"\n\nThe practice of shutting up rooms in which members of the family had died\nwas retained up to the end of the last century. I learn from a friend that,\nin a country house in the south of England, his mother's apartment,\nconsisting of a sitting-room, bed-room, and dressing-room, was closed at\nher death in 1775. The room in which his grandfather had died in 1760 was\nlikewise closed. These four rooms were kept locked up, with the shutters\nshut, till the year 1793, when the next owner came into possession, who\nopened them, and caused them to be again used. Probably other cases of the\nsame sort may be known to your correspondents, as having occurred in the\nlast century; but the custom appears to be now extinct.\n\nL.\n\n_Standfast's Cordial Comforts._--I have lately procured a copy of an\ninteresting book, entitled\n\n    \"A Little Handful of Cordial Comforts: scattered throughout several\n    Answers to Sixteen Questions and Objections following. By Richard\n    Standfast, M.A., Rector of Christ Church in Bristol, and Chaplain in\n    Ordinary to King Charles II. Sixth Edition. Bristol, 1764. 18mo. pp.\n    94.\"\n\nCan any of your readers give me further particulars of Mr. Standfast, or\ntell me where to find them? In what year was the work first published? It\nwas reprinted in Bristol in 1764, \"for Mr. Standfast Smith, apothecary,\ngreat-grandson of the author.\" Has any later edition appeared?\n\nABHBA.\n\n_\"Predeceased\" and \"Designed.\"_--J. Dennistoun, in his _Memoirs of the\nDukes of Urbino_, ii. p. 239., says--\n\n    \"His friend the cardinal had lately predeceased him.\"\n\nCan any of your readers give me an instance from any one of our standard\nclassical authors of a verb active \"to decease\"?\n\nThe same author uses the word _designed_ several times in the sense of\n_designated_. I should be glad of a few authorities for the use of the word\nin this sense.\n\nW. A.\n\n_Lady Fights at Atherton._--A poem, published in 1643, in honour of the\nKing's successes in the West, has the following reference to a circumstance\nconnected with Fairfax's retreat at Atherton Moor:\n\n \"When none but lady staid to fight.\"\n\nI should be glad to learn to what this refers, and whether or not the real\nstory formed the basis of De Foe's account of the fighting lady at Thame,\nlaid about the same period, viz. the early part of the year 1643.\n\nJAMES WAYLEN\n\n_Sketches of Civil War Garrisons, &c._--During the civil war, sketches and\ndrawings were, no doubt, made of the lines drawn about divers garrisons.\nSome few of these have from time to time appeared as woodcuts: but I have a\nsuspicion that several remain only in MS. still. If any of your readers can\ndirect me to any collection of them in the British Museum or Oxford, they\nwould shorten a search that has long been made in vain.\n\nJAMES WAYLEN.\n\n_\"Jurat? crede minus:\" Epigram._--Can any of your learned readers inform me\nby whom the following epigram was written? I lately heard it applied, in\nconversation, to the Jesuits, but I think it is of some antiquity:--\n\n \"Jurat? crede minus: non jurat? credere noli:\n  Jurat, non jurat? hostis ab hoste cave.\"\n\nF. R. R.\n\n_Meaning of Gulls._--What is the origin of the word \"gulls,\" as applied in\nWensleydale (North York) to hasty-pudding, which is a mixture of oatmeal\nand milk or water boiled?\n\nD. 2.\n\n_The Family of Don._--Can any of your correspondents furnish me with\ninformation regarding the family of Don, of Pitfichie, near Monymusk,\nAberdeenshire; or trace how they were connected with the Dons of Newton\nDon, Roxburghshire?\n\nA. A.\n\n    Abridge.\n\n_Wages in the last Century._--I should like to have any particulars of the\nprice of labour at various periods in the last century, especially the\nwages of domestic servants. May I be permitted to mention that I am\ncollecting anecdotes of the manners and customs, social and domestic, of\nour grandfathers, and should be much obliged for any curious particulars of\ntheir ways of living, their modes of travelling, or any peculiarities of\ntheir daily life? I am anxious to form a museum of the characteristic\ncuriosities of the century; its superstitions, its habits, and its\ndiversions.\n\nA. A.\n\n    Abridge.\n\n_Woman, Lines on._--Can any of your correspondents inform me who was the\nauthor of the following lines:--\n\n                     \"She was ----\n  But words would fail to tell her worth: think\n  What a woman ought to be,\n  And she was that.\"\n\nThey are to be found on several tombstones throughout the country.\n\nSCRUTATOR.\n\n{144}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nTHE EPISCOPAL MITRE AND PAPAL TIARA.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 62.)\n\nIn answer to the question of an \"INQUIRER\" respecting the origin of the\npeculiar form and first use of the episcopal mitre, I take the liberty of\nsuggesting that it will be found to be of Oriental extraction, and to have\ndescended from that country, either directly, or through the medium of\nother nations, to the ecclesiastics of Christian Rome. The writers of the\nRomish, as well as Reformed Churches, now admit, that most, if not all, of\nthe external symbols, whether of dress or ceremonial pageantry, exhibited\nby the Roman Catholic priesthood, were adopted from the Pagans, under the\nplea of being \"indifferent in themselves, and applicable as symbolical in\ntheir own rites and usages\" (Marangoni, _Delle cose gentili e profane\ntrasportate nel uso ed ornamento delle chiesi_); in the same manner as many\nRomish customs were retained at the Reformation for the purpose of inducing\nthe Papists to \"come in,\" and conform to the other changes then made\n(Southey, _History of the Church_). Thus, while the disciples of Dr. Pusey\nextract their forms and symbols from the practices of Papal Rome, the\ndisciples of the Pope deduce theirs from the practices of Pagan Rome.\n\nWith this preface I proceed to show that the episcopal _mitre_ and the\npapal _tiara_ are respectively the copies each of a distinct head-dress\noriginally worn by the kings of Persia and the conterminous countries, and\nby the chiefs of their priesthood, the Magi. The nomenclature alone\nindicates a foreign extraction. It comes to us through the Romans from the\nGreeks; both of which nations employed the terms [Greek: mitra], Lat.\n_mitra_, and [Greek: tiara], Lat. _tiara_, to designate two different kinds\nof covering for the head in use amongst the Oriental races, each one of a\ndistinct and peculiar form, though as being foreigners, and consequently\nnot possessing the technical accuracy of a native, they not unfrequently\nconfound the two words, and apply them indiscriminately to both objects.\nStrictly speaking, the Greek [Greek: mitra], in its primitive notion, means\na long _scarf_, whence it came to signify, in a secondary sense, various\narticles of attire composed with a scarf, and amongst others the Oriental\n_turban_ (Herod. vii. 62.). But as we descend in time, and remove in\ndistance from the country where this object was worn, we find that the\nRomans affixed another notion to the word, which they used very commonly to\ndesignate the Asiatic or Phrygian cap (Virg. _AEn._ iv. 216.; Servius,\nl.c.); and this sense has likewise been adopted in our own language:\n\n \"That Paris now with his unmanly sort,\n  With _mitred_ hat.\"--Surrey, Virgil, _AEn._ iv.\n\nThus the word _mitra_ in its later usage came to signify a _cap_ or\n_bonnet_, instead of a turban; and it is needless to observe that the\npriests of a religion comparatively modern, when they adopted the term,\nwould have taken it in the sense which was current at their own day. Now,\nthough the common people were not permitted to wear high bonnets, nor of\nany other than a soft and flexible material, the kings and personages of\ndistinction had theirs of a lofty form, and stiffened for the express\npurpose of making them stand up at an imposing elevation above the crown of\nthe head. In the national collection at Paris there is preserved an antique\ngem, engraved by Caylus (_Recueil d'Antiq._, vol. ii. p. 124.), on which is\nengraved the head of some Oriental personage, probably a king of Parthia,\nPersia, or Armenia, who wears a tall upstanding bonnet, _mitred_ at the top\nexactly like a bishop's, with the exception that it has three incisions at\nthe side instead of a single one. These separate incisions had no doubt a\nsymbolical meaning amongst the native races, although their allusive\nproperties are unknown to us; but it is not an unwarrantable inference, nor\ninconsistent with the customs of these nations as enduring at this day, to\nconclude that the numbers of one, two, or three, were appropriated as\ndistinctions of different degrees in rank; and that their priests, the\nMagi, like those of other countries where the sovereign did not invest\nhimself with priestly dignities, imitated the habiliments as they assumed\nthe powers of the sovereign, and wore a bonnet closely resembling his in\nform and dignity, with the difference of one large _mitre_ at each side, in\nplace of the three smaller ones.\n\nIf this account be true respecting the origin of the mitre, it will lead us\nby an easy step to determine the place where it was first used--at Antioch,\nthe \"Queen of the East,\" where, as we are told in the Acts of the Apostles,\nthe followers of Christ were first called \"Christians;\" thus indicating\nthat they were sufficiently numerous and influential to be distinguished as\na separate class in that city, while those in Rome yet remained despised\nand unknown. Antioch was the imperial residence of the Macedonian dynasty,\nwhich succeeded Alexander, who himself assumed the upright bonnet of the\nPersian king (Arrian. iv. 7.), and transmitted it to his successors, who\nruled over Syria for several hundred years, where its form would be ready\nat hand as a model emblematic of authority for the bishop who ruled over\nthe primitive church in those parts.\n\nThe tiara of the popes has, in like manner, an Eastern origin; but instead\nof being adopted by them directly from its native birth-place, it descended\nthrough Etruria to the Pagan priesthood of ancient Rome, and thence to the\nhead of the Roman Catholic Church. The [Greek: tiara] of the Greeks, and\n_tiara_ of the Latins, expresses the cloth cap or _fez_ of the Parthians,\nPersians, Armenians, &c., {145} which was a low scull-cap amongst the\ncommonalty, but a stiff and elevated covering for the kings and personages\nof distinction (Xen. _Anab._ ii. 5, 23.). This imposing tiara is frequently\nrepresented on ancient monuments, where it varies in some details, though\nalways preserving the characteristic peculiarity of a tall upright\nhead-dress. It is sometimes truncated at its upper extremity, at others a\ngenuine round-topped bonnet, like the Phrygian cap when pulled out to its\nfull length, and stiffened so as to stand erect--each a variety of form\npeculiar to certain classes or degrees of rank, which at this period we are\nnot able to decide and distinguish with certainty. But on a bas-relief from\nPersepolis, supposed to have belonged to the palace of Cyrus, and engraved\nby Ferrario (_Costume dell' Asia_, vol. iii. tav. 47.), may be seen a\nbonnet shaped very much like a beehive, the exact type of the papal tiara,\nwith three bands (the _triregno_) round its sides, and only wanting the\ncross at the summit, and the strawberry-leaved decoration, to distinguish\nit from the one worn by Pio Nono: and on a medal of Augustus, engraved on a\nlarger scale in Rich's _Companion to the Latin Dictionary_, art. Tutulus,\nwe find this identical form, with an unknown ornament of the top, for which\nthe popes substituted a cross, reappearing on the skull of a pagan priest.\nI may add that the upright tiaras represented on works of ancient art,\nwhich can be proved, or are known to be worn by royal personages, are\ntruncated at the summit; whence it does not seem an improper inference to\nconclude that the round and conical ones belonged to persons inferior to\nthe kings alone in rank and influence, the Magi; which is the more\nprobable, since it is clear that they were adopted by the highest priests\nof two other religions, those of Pagan and of Christian Rome.\n\nIf space admits, I would also add that the official insignia and costume of\na cardinal are likewise derived from the pagan usages of Greece. Amongst\nhis co-religionists he is supposed to symbolize one of the Apostles of\nChrist, who went forth ill clothed and coarsely shod to preach the Gospel;\nwhereas, in truth, his comfortable hat, warm cloak, and showy stockings,\nare but borrowed plumage from the ordinary travelling costume of a Greek\n_messenger_ ([Greek: apostolos]). The sentiment of travelling is always\nconveyed in the ancient bas-reliefs and vase paintings by certain\nconventional signs or accessories bestowed upon the figure represented,\nviz., a broad-brimmed and low-crowned hat ([Greek: petasos], Lat.\n_petasus_), with long ties (_redimicula_) hanging from its sides, which\nserved to fasten it under the chin, or sling it behind at the nape of the\nneck when not worn upon the head; a wrapping cloak ([Greek: himation], Lat.\n_pallium_) made of coarse material instead of fine lamb's wool; and a pair\nof stout travelling boots laced round the legs with leathern thongs\n([Greek: endromides]), more serviceable for bad roads and rough weather\nthan their representatives, red silk stockings. All these peculiarities may\nbe seen in the following engravings (Winhelm. _Mon. Ined. Tratt., Prelim._,\np. xxxv.; Id., tav. 85.; _Rich's Companion_, art. \"Ceryx\" and \"Pallium\").\n\nI regret that the nature of your publication does not admit the\nintroduction of woodcuts, which would have enabled me to present your\nreaders with the best of all demonstrations for what I advance. In default\nof that I have endeavoured to point out the most compendious and accessible\nsources where the figures I refer to may be seen in engravings. But if any\nreader of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" should not have an opportunity of consulting\nthe books cited, and is desirous of pursuing the investigation to satisfy\nhimself, I would willingly transmit to him a drawing of the objects\nmentioned through Mr. Bell, or any other channel deemed more convenient.\n\nA. RICH, JUNR.\n\n_The Episcopal Mitre_ (Vol. iii., p. 62.)--Godwyn, in his _Moses and\nAaron_, London, 1631, b. i., c. 5., says that--\n\n    \"A miter of fine linnen sixteene cubits long, wrapped about his head,\n    and a plate of purple gold, or holy crowne, two fingers broad, whereon\n    was graven Holinesse to the Lord, which was tied with a blew lace upon\n    the forefront of the miter,\"\n\nwas that \"which shadowed and signified the kingly office of our Saviour\nChrist,\" in the apparel of the Jewish high priest, and ordered (Lev. xvi.\n4.): and again, in his _Romanae Historiae Anthologia_, Oxford, 1631, lib.\niii. sec. 1. cap. 8., he says that the\n\n    \"_Mitra_ did signifie a certaine attire for women's heads, as a coife\n    or such like.\"\n\nFor further illustration see Virgil's _AEneid_, lib. iv. l. 216.:\n\n \"Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentem.\"\n\nAgain, lib. ix. l. 616.:\n\n \"Et tunicae manicas et habent redimicula mitrae.\"\n\nDuring the ennobling of the clergy by the Roman emperors, in the seventh\nand eighth centuries, a crown was found necessary, and anciently cardinals\nwore mitres; but, at the council of Lyons, in 1245, they were appointed to\nwear hats.\n\nBLOWEN.\n\n_The Episcopal Mitre_ (Vol. iii., p. 62.).--AN INQUIRER will find much\ncurious matter respecting the mitre, collected both from classical writers\nand antiquaries, in _Explications de plusieurs Textes difficiles de\nl'Ecriture par le R. P. Dom._ [_Martin_], 4to., a Paris, 1730. To any one\nambitious of learnedly occupying some six or seven columns of \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\" the ample foot references are very tempting; I content myself with\ntranscribing two or three of the entries in the index:\n\n    _\"Mitre des anciens, leur nature, et leur forme; etait la {146} marque\n    du Sacerdoce; se portait ordinairement a la tete, et quelquefois aux\n    mains. Forme des mitres dans leur origine, et dans les tems\n    posterieurs,_\" &c.\n\nThis dissertation, which is illustrated by several plates, will repay for\nthe time spent in reading it. I presume INQUIRER is acquainted with\nGodwyn's _Moses and Aaron_, where he will find something.\n\nW. DN.\n\n_Episcopal Mitre._--The origin of the peculiar form of the episcopal mitre\nis the cloven tongues which descended on the Apostles on the day of\nPentecost, with the gift of the Holy Spirit. Of this the mitre is an\nemblem.\n\nL. M. M. R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDRYDEN'S ESSAY UPON SATIRE.\n\n(Vol. ii., pp. 422. 462.)\n\nThe Query proposed by your correspondent, as to the authorship of the\n_Essay on Satire_, is a very interesting one, and I am rather surprised\nthat it has not yet been replied to. In favour of your correspondent's\nview, and I think it is perhaps the strongest argument which can be\nalleged, is Dean Lockier's remark:--\n\n    \"Could anything be more impudent than his (Sheffield's) publishing that\n    satire, for writing which Dryden was beaten in Rose Alley (and which\n    was so remarkably known by the name of the 'Rose Alley Satire') as his\n    own? Indeed he made a few alterations in it, but these were only\n    verbal, and generally for the worse.\"--Spence's _Anecdotes_, edit.\n    Singer, p. 64.\n\nDean Lockier, it must be observed, was well acquainted with Dryden from\n1685 to the time of his death; and appears to speak so positively that he\nwould seem to have acquired his knowledge from Dryden's own information.\nHis first introduction to that great poet arose from an observation made in\nDryden's hearing about his Mac Fleckno; and it is therefore the more likely\nthat he would be correctly informed as to the author's other satires. Dean\nLockier was, it may be added, a good critic; and his opinions on literary\nsubjects are so just, that it is to be regretted we have only very few of\nthem.\n\nI confess I do not attach much weight to the argument arising from the\nlines on the Earl of Mulgrave himself contained in the poem. To transfer\nsuspicion from himself, in so general a satire, it was necessary to include\nhis own name amongst the rest; but, though the lines are somewhat obscure,\nit is, after all, as respects him, compared with the other persons\nmentioned, a very gentle flagellation, and something like what children\ncall a make-believe. Indeed Rochester, in a letter to his friend Henry\nSaville (21st Nov. 1679), speaks of it as a panegyric.\n\nOn the other hand, Mulgrave expressly denied Dryden's being the author, in\nthe lines in his _Essay on Poetry_,--\n\n    \"Tho' praised and punished for another's rhymes.\"\n\nand by inference claimed the poem, or at least the lines on Rochester, as\nhis own. Dryden, in the Preface to his Virgil, praises the _Essay on\nPoetry_ in the highest terms; but says not a word to dispute Mulgrave's\nstatement, though he might then have safely claimed the _Essay on Satire_,\nif his own; and though he must have been aware that, by his silence, he was\nvirtually resigning his sole claim to its authorship. It was subsequently\nincluded in Mulgrave's works, and has ever since gone under the joint names\nof himself and Dryden.\n\nOn the question of internal evidence critics differ. Your correspondent can\nsee in it no hand but Dryden's; while Malone will scarcely allow that\nDryden made even a few verbal alterations in it (Life, p. 130.); and Sir\nWalter Scott is not inclined to admit any further participation on the part\nof the great poet than \"a few hints for revision,\" and denies its merit\naltogether--a position in which I think very few, who carefully peruse it,\nwill agree with him.\n\nI am disposed to take a middle course between your correspondent and\nDryden's two biographers, and submit that there is quite sufficient\ninternal evidence of joint ownership. I cannot think such lines as--\n\n \"I, who so wise and humble seem to be,\n  Now my own vanity and pride can't see;\"\n\nor,--\n\n \"I, who have all this while been finding fault,\n  E'en with my master who first satire taught,\n  And did by that describe the task so hard,\n  It seems stupendious, and above reward.\"\n\nor,--\n\n \"To tell men freely of their foulest faults,\n  To laugh at their vain deeds and vainer thoughts:\"\n\nwould proceed from Dryden, while it is to be noticed that the inharmonious\nrhymes \"faults\" and \"thoughts\" were favourites of Mulgrave, and occur twice\nin his _Essay on Poetry_.\n\nNeither can I doubt that the verses on Shaftesbury,--the four \"will any\ndog;\" the four \"For words and wit did anciently agree,\" the four \"Mean in\neach action;\" the two \"Each pleasure has its price\"--are Dryden's\nadditions, with many others, which a careful reader will instantly\nappropriate.\n\nI can find no sufficient authority for the statement of Malone and Sir W.\nScott, that Pope revised the _Essay on Satire_. It is well known he\ncorrected that on Poetry.\n\nJAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n    Manchester, Feb. 10. 1851.\n\n{147}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOUNDATION-STONE OF ST. MARK'S AT VENICE.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 88.)\n\nI recollect having seen the stone in question in the collection of the late\nMr. Douce, in whose possession it had been for some years before his\ncommunication of it to the Society of Antiquaries. It is quite evident that\nhe was satisfied of its authenticity, and it was most probably an\naccidental purchase from some dealer in antiquities, who knew nothing about\nit. I happen to know that it remained in the hands of Sir Henry Ellis at\nthe time of Mr. Douce's death, and your correspondent H. C. R. will most\nprobably find it among the other collections of Mr. Douce now in the museum\nat Goodrich Castle.\n\nThe doubt expressed by your correspondent is evidently founded upon the\nengraving and accompanying paper in the 26th volume of the _Archaeologia_;\nand as it conveys such a grave censure of the judgment of the director of\nthe council and secretaries of the Antiquarian Society, it appears to me\nthat it is incumbent upon him to satisfy his doubts by seeing the stone\nitself, and, if he should be convinced of his error, to make the _amende\nhonorable_.\n\nIt is to be regretted that he did not state \"the points which have\nsuggested this notion of its being a hoax.\" For my own part, I cannot see\nthe motive for such a falsification; and if it is one, it is the\ncontrivance of some one who had more epigraphic skill than is usually found\non such occasions.\n\nThere is nothing in the objection of your correspondent as to the size and\nform of the stone which would have any weight, and it is not necessary to\nsuppose that it \"must have been loose in the world for 858 years.\" On\npulling down the old church, the foundation-stone in which this was\nimbedded may have been buried with the rubbish, and exhumed in\ncomparatively recent times. It had evidently fallen into rude and ignorant\nhands, and suffered by being violently detached from the stone in which it\nwas imbedded.\n\nEvery one who knew the late Mr. Douce must have full confidence in his\nintimate knowledge of mediaeval antiquity, and would not easily be led to\nimagine that he could be deceived on a point like this; but are we to\npresume, from a vague _idea_ of your correspondent's, that the executive\nbody of the Society of Antiquaries would fail to detect a forgery of this\nnature?\n\nS. W. S., _olim_ F. S. A.\n\n_Foundation-stone of St. Mark's, Venice_ (Vol. iii., p.88.).--This singular\nrelic is now preserved in the \"Doucean Museum,\" at Goodrich Court,\nHerefordshire, with the numerous objects of art and antiquities bequeathed\nby Mr. Douce to the late Sir Samuel Meyrick. I believe that nothing can now\nbe ascertained regarding the history of this stone, or how it came into the\npossession of Mr. Douce. Sir Samuel enumerates it amongst \"Miscellaneous\nAntiquities,\" No. 2., in his interesting Inventory of this Collection,\ngiven in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, Feb., 1835, p. 198. The Doucean Museum\ncomprises, probably, the finest series of specimens of sculpture in ivory\nexisting in any collection in England. The Limoges enamels are also highly\ndeserving of notice.\n\nALBERT WAY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHISTOIRE DES SEVARAMBES.\n\n(Vol. iii., pp. 4. and 72.)\n\nI am not sufficiently familiar with Vossius or his works to form any\nopinion as to the accuracy of the conclusion which MR. CROSSLEY has arrived\nat. There is at least much obscurity in the matter, to which I have long\npaid some little attention.\n\nMy Copy is entitled,--\n\n    \"The History of the Sevarambians: A People of the South continent. In\n    _Five_ Parts. Containing an Account of the Government, &c. Translated\n    from the Memoirs of Capt. _Siden_, who lived fifteen years amongst\n    them. Lond. 1738.\" (8vo. pp. xxiii. and 412.)\n\nI have given this to show how it differs from that spoken of by MR. C. as\nbeing in _two_ parts, by Capt. Thos. _L_iden, and not a reprint, but a\ntranslation from the French, which Lowndes says was \"considerably _altered_\nand _enlarged_.\"\n\nIf this be so, we can hardly ascribe to Vossius the edition of 1738. The\npreface intimates that the papers were written in Latin, French, Italian,\nand Dutch, and placed in the editor's hands in England, on his promising to\nmethodise them and put them all into one language; but I do not observe the\nslightest allusion to the work having previously appeared either in English\nor French, although we find that Barbier, in his _Dict. des Anon._, gives\nthe French edit. 1 pt. Paris, 1677; 2 pt. Paris, 1678 et 1679, 2 vols.\n12mo.; Nouvelle edit. Amsterdam, 1716, 2 vols. 12mo.; and ascribes it to\nDenis Vairasse d'Alais.\n\nThere is a long account of this work in _Dict. Historique_, par Marchand: a\nla Haye, 1758, fo. sub. nom., Allais, as the author, observing--\n\n    \"Il y a diversite d'opinions touchant la langue en laquelle il a ete\n    ecrit ou compose.\"\n\nThe earliest he mentions is the English one of 1675, and an edition in the\nFrench, \"a Paris, 1677;\" which states on the title, _Traduit de l'Anglois_,\nwhereas the second part is \"imprimee a Paris _chez l'Auteur_, 1678,\" from\nwhich Marchand concludes that Allais was the writer, adding,--\n\n    \"On n'a peut-etre jamais vu de Fiction composee avec plus d'art et plus\n    d'industrie, et il faut avouer {148} qu'il y en a peu ou le\n    vraisemblable soit aussi ingenieusement et aussi adroitement conserve.\"\n\nWm. Taylor, of Norwich, writes to Southey, asking,--\n\n    \"Can you tell me who wrote the _History of the Sevarambians_? The book\n    is to me curious. Wieland steals from it so often, that it must have\n    been a favourite in his library; if I had to impute the book by guess,\n    I would fix on Maurice Ashby, the translator of Xenophon's _Cyropaedia_,\n    as the author.\"\n\nto which Southey replies,--\n\n    \"Of the Sevarambians I know nothing!\" (See _Gent. Mag._ N.S. xxi. p.\n    355.)\n\nSir W. Scott, in his _Memoirs of Swift_, p. 304. (edit. 1834), speaking of\n_Gulliver's Travels_, says--\n\n    \"A third volume was published by an unblushing forger, as early as\n    1727, without printer's name, a great part of which is unacknowledged\n    plunder from a work entitled _Hist. des Sevarambes_, ascribed to Mons.\n    Alletz, suppressed in France and other Catholic kingdoms on account of\n    its deistical opinions.\"\n\nIt would seem from this, that Sir Walter was not aware of the English work,\nor knew much of its origin or the author.\n\nF. R. A.\n\n_Histoire des Sevarambes._--The second edition of Gulliver's Travels,\nentitled _Travels into several Remote Nations of the World, by Lemuel\nGulliver_, 2 vols. 8vo., London, 1727, is accompanied with a spurious third\nvolume, printed at London in the same year, with a similar title-page, but\nnot professing to be a second edition. This third volume is divided into\ntwo parts: the first part consists, first, of an Introduction in pp. 20;\nnext, of two chapters, containing a second voyage to Brobdingnag, which are\nfollowed by four chapters, containing a voyage to Sporunda. The second part\nconsists of six chapters, containing a voyage to Sevarambia, a voyage to\nMonatamia, a voyage to Batavia, a voyage to the Cape, and a voyage to\nEngland. The whole of the third volume, with the exception of the\nintroduction and the two chapters relating to Brobdingnag, is derived from\nthe _Histoire des Sevarambes_, either in its English or French version.\n\nL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTOUCHING FOR THE EVIL.\n\n(Vol. iii., pp. 42. 93.)\n\nThere is ample evidence that the French monarchs performed the ceremony of\ntouching for the evil.\n\nIn a MS. in the University Library, Cambridge[18], is this memorandum:--\n\n    \"The Kings of England and _Fraunce_ by a peculiar guift cure the King's\n    evill by touching them with their handes, and so doth the seaventh\n    sonne.\"--_Ant. Miraldus_, p. 384.\n\nFuller intimates that St. Louis was the first king of France who healed the\nevil. \"So witnesseth Andrew Chasne, a French author, and others.\"[19]\n\nSpeaking of the illness of Louis XI., \"at Forges neere to Chinon,\" in\nMarch, 1480, Philip de Commines says:\n\n    \"After two daies he recovered his speech and his memory after a sort:\n    and because he thought no man understood him so wel as my selfe, his\n    pleasure was that I should alwaies be by him, and he confessed himselfe\n    to the officiall in my presence, otherwise they would never have\n    understood one another. He had not much to say, for he was shriven not\n    long before, because the Kings of Fraunce use alwaies to confesse\n    themselves when they touch those that be sick of the King's evill,\n    which he never failed to do once a weeke. If other Princes do not the\n    like, they are to blame, for continuall a great number are troubled\n    with that disease.\"[20]\n\nPierre Desrey, in his _Great Chronicles of Charles VIII._, has the\nfollowing passage relating to that monarch's proceedings at Rome in\nJanuary, 1494-5:--\n\n    \"Tuesday the 20th, the king heard mass in the French chapel, and\n    afterwards touched and cured many afflicted with the king's evil, to\n    the great astonishment of the Italians who witnessed the miracle.\"[21]\n\nAnd speaking of the king at Naples, in April, 1495, the same chronicler\nsays:--\n\n    \"The 15th of April, the king, after hearing mass in the church of the\n    Annonciada, was confessed, and then touched and cured great numbers\n    that were afflicted with the evil--a disorder that abounded much all\n    over Italy--when the spectators were greatly edified at the powers of\n    such an extraordinary gift.\n\n    *   *   *   *   *\n\n    \"On Easter day, the 19th of April, the king was confessed in the church\n    of St. Peter, adjoining to his lodgings, and then touched for the evil\n    a second time.\"[22]\n\nFuller, in remarking upon the cure of the king's evil by the touch of our\nEnglish monarchs, observes:--\n\n    \"The kings of France share also with those of England in this\n    miraculous cure. And Laurentius reports, that when Francis I., king of\n    France, was kept prisoner in Spain, he, notwithstanding his exile and\n    restraint, daily cured infinite multitudes of people of that disease;\n    according to this epigram:\n\n      _'Hispanos inter sanat rex chaeradas, estque_\n        _Captivus Superis gratus, ut ante fuit.'_\n\n     'The captive king the evil cures in Spain:\n      Dear, as before, he doth to God remain.'\n\n    \"So it seemeth his medicinal quality is affixed not {149} to his\n    prosperity, but person; so that during his durance, he was fully free\n    to exercise the same.\"[23]\n\nCavendish, relating what took place on Cardinal Wolsey's embassy to Francis\nI., in 1527, has the following passage:--\n\n    \"And at his [the king's] coming in to the bishop's palace [at Amiens],\n    where he intended to dine with my Lord Cardinal, there sat within a\n    cloister about two hundred persons diseased with the king's evil, upon\n    their knees. And the king, or ever he went to dinner, provised every of\n    them with rubbing them and blessing them with his bare hands, being\n    bareheaded all the while; after whom followed his almoner distributing\n    of money unto the persons diseased. And that done, he said certain\n    prayers over them, and then washed his hands, and so came up into his\n    chamber to dinner, where as my lord dined with him.\"[24]\n\nLaurentius, cited by Fuller in the page already given, was, it seems,\nphysician in ordinary to King Henry IV. of France. In a treatise entitled\n_De Mirabili Strumarum Curatione_, he stated that the kings of England\nnever cured the evil. \"To cry quits with him,\" Dr. W. Tucker, chaplain to\nQueen Elizabeth, in his _Charismate_, denied that the kings of France ever\noriginally cured the evil\n\n    \"but _per aliquam propaginem_, 'by a sprig of right,' derived from the\n    primitive power of our English kings, under whose jurisdiction most of\n    the French provinces were once subjected.\"[25]\n\nLouis XVI., immediately after his coronation at Rheims, in 1775, went to\nthe Abbey of St. Remi to pay his devotions, and to touch for the evil. The\nceremony took place in the Abbey Park, and is thus described in a paper\nentitled _Coronation of the Kings of France prior to the Revolution_, by\nCharles White, Esq.:--\n\n    \"Two thousand four hundred individuals suffering under this affliction,\n    having been assembled in rows in the park, his majesty, attended by the\n    household physicians, approached the first on the right. The\n    physician-in-chief then placed his hand upon the patient's head, whilst\n    a captain of the guards held the hands of the latter joined before his\n    bosom. The king, with his head uncovered, then touched the patient by\n    making the sign of the cross upon his face, exclaiming, 'May God heal\n    thee! The king touches thee.' The whole two thousand four hundred\n    having been healed in a similar manner, and the grand almoner having\n    distributed alms to each in succession, three attendants, called _chefs\n    de goblet_, presented themselves with golden salvers, on which were\n    three embroidered napkins. The first, steeped in vinegar, was then\n    offered to the king by Monsieur; the second, dipped in plain water, was\n    presented by the Count d'Artois; and the third, moistened with orange\n    water, was banded by the Duke of Orleans.\"[26]\n\nThe power of the seventh son to heal the evil (mentioned in the MS. I have\ncited) is humourously alluded to in the _Tatler_ (No. 11.). I subjoin the\npassage, which occurs in a letter signed \"D. Distaff.\"\n\n    \"_Tipstaff_, being a seventh son, used to cure the _king's evil_; but\n    his rascally descendants are so far from having that healing quality,\n    that by a touch upon the shoulder, they give a man such an ill habit of\n    body, that he can never come abroad afterwards.\"\n\nI imagine that by the seventh son is meant the seventh son of a seventh\nson.\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\n    Cambridge, Feb. 4. 1851.\n\nP.S. Since the above was written, I have observed the following notice of\nthe work of Laurentius in Southey's _Common Place Book_, 4th Series, 478.\n(apparently from a bookseller's catalogue):\n\n    \"Laurentius (And.) De Mirabili Strumas Sanandi VI. Solis Galliae Regibus\n    Christianissimis divinitas concessa, (_fine copy_,) 12s. Paris, 1609.\n\n    \"This copy possesses the large folded engraving of Henry IV., assisted\n    by his courtiers in the ceremony of curing the king's evil.\"\n\n[Footnote 18: _Dd._ 2. 41. fo. 38 b.]\n\n[Footnote 19: Fuller, _Church History_, edit. 1837, i. 228.]\n\n[Footnote 20: Danett's Translation. edit. 1614, p. 203.]\n\n[Footnote 21: Monstrelet edit. 1845, ii. 471.]\n\n[Footnote 22: Ibid. 476.]\n\n[Footnote 23: Fuller, _Church History_, edit. 1837, i. 227.]\n\n[Footnote 24: Cavendish, _Life of Wolsey_, edit. Singer, 1825, vol. i. p.\n104.]\n\n[Footnote 25: Fuller, _Church History_, edit. 1837, i. pp. 227, 228.]\n\n[Footnote 26: _New Monthly Magazine_, vol. liii. p. 160.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Forged Papal Bulls_ (Vol. ii., p. 491.).--In your Number, 20th Dec., J. E.\ninquires where is the instrument for counterfeiting the seal of the Pope's\nBulls, which was dredged up from the ruins of old London Bridge. It is in\nmy possession, and your correspondent will find an account of it, with\nwoodcuts of the instrument itself and the seal, in the _Proceedings of the\nArchaeological Association_, 11th Feb. 1846.\n\nGEO. R. CORNER.\n\n    Eltham.\n\n_Obeism._--As your correspondent T. H. (Vol. iii., p. 59.) desires \"any\ninformation\" on the subject of _Obeism_, in the absence of more and better,\nI offer my mite: that in the early part of this century it was very common\namong the slave-population in the West Indies, especially on the remoter\nestates--of course of African origin--not as either a \"religion\" or a\n\"rite,\" but rather as a superstition; a power claimed by its professors,\nand assented to by the _patients_, of causing good or evil to, or averting\nit from them; which was of course always for a \"consideration\" of some\nsort, to the profit, whether honorary, pecuniary, or other, of the\ndispenser. It is by the pretended influence of certain spells, charms,\nceremonies, amulets worn, or other such incantations, as practised with\nmore or less diversity by the adepts, the magicians and conjurers, the\n\"false prophets\" of all ages and countries.\n\n{150}\n\nOn this matter, a curious phenomenon to investigate would be, the process\nby which the untonsured neophyte is converted into the bonneted doctor; the\nprogress and stages of his mind in the different phases of the practice;\nhow he begins by deceiving himself, to end in deceiving others; the first\nuninquiring ignorance; the gradual admission of ideas, what he is taught or\nleft to imagine; the faith, of what is fancied to be so, the mechanical\nbelief; then the confusion of thought from the intrusion of doubt and\nuncertainty; the adoption of some undefined notions; and, finally, actual\nunbelief; followed by designed and systematic injustice in the practice of\nwhat first was taken up in sincerity, though even this now perhaps is not\nunmixed with some fancy of its reality. For this must be the gradation more\nor less gone through in all such things, whether Obeism, Fetichism, the\nEvil Eye, or any sort of sorcery or witchcraft, in whatever variousness of\nform practised; cheats on the one hand, and dupes on the other the _primum\nmobile_ in every case being, some shape or other of _gain_ to the\npractitioner.\n\nIt seems, however, hardly likely that Obeism should now be \"rapidly gaining\nground again\" there, from the greater spread of Christianity and diffusion\nof enlightenment and information in general since the slave-emancipation;\nas also from the absence of its feeding that formerly accompanied every\nfresh importation from the coast: as, like mists before the mounting sun,\nall such impostures must fade away before common sense, truth, and facts,\nwhenever these are allowed their free influence.\n\nThe conclusion, then, would rather be, that Obeism is on the decline only\nmore apparent, when now seen, than formerly, from its attracting greater\nnotice.\n\nM.\n\n_Obeahism._--In answer to T. H.'s Query regarding Obeahism, though I cannot\nanswer his question fully, as to its origin, &c., yet I have thought that\nwhat I can communicate may serve to piece out the more valuable information\nof your better informed correspondents. I was for a short time in the\nisland of Jamaica, and from what I could learn there of Obeahism, the power\nseemed to be obtained by the Obeah-man or woman, by working upon the fears\nof their fellow-negroes, who are notoriously superstitious. The principal\ncharm seemed to be, a collection of feathers, coffin furniture, and one or\ntwo other things which I have forgotten. A small bundle of this, hung over\nthe victim's door, or placed in his path, is supposed to have the power of\nbringing ill luck to the unfortunate individual. And if any accident, or\nloss, or sickness should happen to him about the time, it is immediately\nimputed to the dreaded influence of Obeah! But I have heard of cases where\nthe unfortunate victim has gradually wasted away, and died under this\npowerful spell, which, I have been informed by old residents in the island,\nis to be attributed to a more natural cause, namely, the influence of\npoison. The Obeah-man causes a quantity of _ground glass_ to be mixed with\nthe food of the person who has incurred his displeasure; and the result is\nsaid to be a slow but sure and wasting death! Perhaps some of your medical\nreaders can say whether an infusion of _powdered glass_ would have this\neffect. I merely relate what I have been told by others.\n\nWhile speaking of the superstition of the negroes, I may mention a very\ncurious one, very generally received and universally believed among them,\ncalled the _rolling calf_, which, if you wish, I will give you an account\nof in my next.\n\nD. P. W.\n\n_Pillgarlick_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.; Vol. iii., pp. 42. 74.).--It seems to me\nthat the passage quoted from Skelton by F. S. Q. completely elucidates the\nmeaning of this word. Let us premise that, according to all principles of\nEnglish etymology, _pill-garlick_ is as likely to mean \"the pillar of\ngarlick\" as to be a syncopated form of \"_pill'd garlick_.\" Now we see from\nSkelton's verse that in his time the peeling of garlick was proverbially a\ndegraded employment--one which was probably thrust off upon the lowest\ninmate of the servants' hall, in an age when garlick entered largely into\nthe composition of all made dishes. The disagreeable nature of the\noccupation is sufficient to account for this. Accordingly we may well\nsuppose that the epithet \"a poor pill-garlick\" would be applied to any\nperson, in miserable circumstances, who might be ready to undertake mean\nemployment for a trifling gratuity.\n\nThis, I think, satisfactorily answers the original question, \"Whence comes\nthe expression?\" The verse quoted by F. S. Q. satisfactorily establishes\nthe orthography, viz., pi_ll_ garlick. A Query of some interest still\nremains--In what author do we first find the compound word?\n\nR. D. H.\n\n_Pillgarlick_ (Vol. iii., p. 74.).--That _to pill_ is merely another form\nof the word _to peel_, appears from the book of Genesis, c. xxx., v. 37,\n38: \"And Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chesnut\ntree: and _pilled_ white strakes in them, and made the white appear which\nwas in the rods. And he set the rods which he had _pilled_ before the\nflocks,\" &c.\n\nOn first seeing your correspondent's Query, it occurred to me that perhaps\n\"poor Pillgarlick\" was in some way akin to \"Pillicock,\" of whom Edgar, in\n_King Lear_, records that \"Pillicock sat on Pillicock's hill;\" but the\nconnexion between these two worthies, if any, I confess myself quite unable\nto trace.\n\nI conceive that Pillgarlick means \"peeler of garlick,\" _i.e._ scullion; or,\nto borrow a phrase from a witness in a late case at the Middlesex sessions,\n{151} which has attracted some attention, \"a person in a low way of life.\"\n\nThe passage from Skelton, cited by your correspondent F. S. Q., may, I\nthink, be explained thus: the will is so powerful in man's moral\nconstitution, that the reason must content itself with an inferior place\n(as that of a scullion compared with that of the master of the house); or\nif it attempts to assert its proper place, it will find it a hopeless\nendeavour--as hopeless as that of \"rosting a stone.\"\n\nX. Z.\n\n_Hornbooks_ (Vol. ii., pp. 167. 236.).--In answer to MR. TIMBS, I send you\nthe following particulars of a _Hornbook_ in the British Museum, which I\nhave this morning examined.\n\nIt is marked in the new catalogue (Press Mark 828, a. 55.). It contains on\none side the \"Old English Alphabet\"--the capitals in two lines, the small\nletters in one. The fourth line contains the vowels twice repeated (perhaps\nto _doubly_ impress upon the pupil the necessity of learning them). Next\nfollow, in two columns, our ancient companions, \"ab, eb, ib,\" &c., and \"ba,\nbe, bi,\" &c. After the formula of exorcism comes the \"Lord's Prayer\" (which\nis given somewhat differently to our present version), winding up with \"i.\nii. iii. iiii. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.\" On the other side is the following\nwhimsical piece of composition:--\n\n    _\"What more could be wished for, even by a literary gourmand under the\n    Tudors, than to be able to Read and Spell; To repeat that holy charm\n    before which fled all unholy Ghosts, Goblins, or even the old Gentleman\n    himself to the very bottom of the Red Sea, and to say that immortal\n    prayer, which secures heaven to all who _ex animo_ use it, and those\n    mathematical powers, by knowing units, from which spring countless\n    myriads.\"_\n\nNow for my \"Query.\" Can any of your correspondents oblige me with the\nprobable date of this _literally_ literary treasure, or refer me to any\nsource of information on the subject?\n\nKENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.\n\n_Bacon_ (Vol. iii., p. 41.).--The explanation given in a former number from\nold Verstegan, of the original meaning of the family name of Bacon, and the\napplication of the word to the unclean beast, with the corroboration from\nthe pages of Collins's _Baronetage_, is very interesting. The word, as\napplied to the salted flesh of the _dead_ animal, is another instance of\nthe introduction of a foreign term for a _dead_ animal, in opposition to\nthe Anglo-Saxon name of the living animal. It was used in this sense in\nFrance at a very early period; and Ampere, in his _Histoire Litteraire de\nla France avant le 12ieme Siecle_, iii. 482., mentions the word among other\ninstances of Gallicisms in the Latin of the Carolingian diplomas and\ncapitularies, and quotes the capitularies of Charles the Fat. _Bacco, porc\nsale,_ from the _vulgar_ word _bacon_, _jambon_. The word was in use as\nlate as the seventeenth century in Dauphine, and the bordering cantons of\nSwitzerland, and is cited in the _Moyen de Parvenir_, ch. 38. The passage\nis curious, as it would seem to intimate that Lord Bacon was one of the\npersonages introduced in that very extraordinary production of the\nRabelaisian school.\n\nI have frequently heard the word employed by the country people in the\nmarkets of Geneva.\n\nJ. B. D.\n\n_Lachrymatories_ (Vol. ii., pp. 326. 448.).--In illustration of the\nquestion as to the _probable_ use of those small vases so commonly found in\nsepulchral monuments, I extract the following from _Wayfaring Sketches\namong the Greeks and Turks_. 2d edit. Introduction, pp. 6, 7. London:\nChapman, 1849.\n\n    \"The poorest of the sepulchres is certain to contain (in Greece) at\n    least a few of these beautiful vases, the lachrymatories, &c.\n\n    *   *   *   *   *\n\n    When found in the graves of females, their form would generally seem to\n    indicate that they had been used for containing scents, and other\n    requisites of the toilet; in one that was found not long since, there\n    was a preparation evidently (?) of rouge or some such paint for the\n    face, &c., _the mark left by the pressure of two fingers of a small\n    hand was distinctly visible_ (?).\"\n\nTo me, ignorant as I am of antiquarian matters, this sounds very curious;\nand I send it you in case you may find it worthy of insertion, as\nprovocative of discussion, and with the utilitarian idea that _I_ may gain\nsome information on the subject.\n\nC. D. HAMONT.\n\n    Greenock, Jan. 16. 1851.\n\n_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. iii., p. 11.).--An intercepted\nletter, apparently from a popish priest, preserved among the Venetian\ncorrespondence in the State Paper Office, gives the following account of\nthe death-bed of the Queen; which, as illustrative of the observations of\nyour correspondent CUDYN GYWN, may not be uninteresting:--\n\n    \"London, 9 Martii, 1603.\n\n    \"About 10 dayes synce dyed the Countess of Notingham. The Queene loved\n    the Countess very much, and hath seemed to take her death very\n    heavelye, remayning euer synce in a deepe melancholye, w^{th} conceipte\n    of her own death, and complayneth of many infirmyties, sodainlye to\n    haue ouertaken her, as impost[=u]mecon in her head, aches in her bones,\n    and continuall cold in her legges, besides notable decay in iudgem^t\n    and memory, insomuch as she cannot attend to any discourses of\n    governm^t and state, _but delighteth to heare some of the 100 merry\n    tales, and such like, and to such is uery attentiue;_ at other tymes\n    uery impatient, and testye, so as none of the Counsayle, but the\n    secretary, dare come in her presence.\"\n\nMay we not class this story of her majesty's {152} predilection for the\nhundred merry tales among the \"black relations of the Jesuits?\"\n\nSPES.\n\n_Meaning of Cefn._--What is the meaning of the Welsh word \"Cefn\" used as\nprefix?\n\nJOSEPHUS.\n\n1. The first meaning of the word \"Cefn\" is, \"the back;\" _e.g._ \"Cefn dyn,\"\n\"the back of a man.\"\n\n2. It also signifies \"the upper part of the ridge of some elevated and\nexposed land.\" As a prefix, its meaning depends upon the fact whether the\nword attached to it be an adjective or a substantive. If an adjective be\nattached, it has the _second_ signification; _i.e._ it is the upper part of\nsome exposed land, having the particular quality involved in the adjective,\nsuch as, \"Cefndu,\" \"Cefngwyn,\" \"Cefncoch,\" the black, white, or red\nheadland.\n\nWhen a substantive is attached, it has the _first_ signification; _i.e._ it\nis the _back_ of the thing signified by the substantive; such as,\n\"Cefnllys,\" the back of the court.\n\nE. L.\n\n_Portrait of Archbishop Williams_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--There is a portrait\nof this prelate in the library of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, in\nthe Cloisters. The greater part of the archbishop's library was given to\nthis library, but only one volume of it seems to have been preserved. It is\nof this library the remark is made in J. Beeverell, _Delices de la Grande\nBretagne_, p. 847., 12mo., 1707:\n\n    \"Il se trouve dans le cloistre une bibliotheque _publique_, qui s'ouvre\n    soir et matin pendant les seances des Cours de Justice dans\n    Westminstre.\"\n\n[mu].\n\n_Sir Alexander Cumming_ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--In answer to an inquiry\nrelative to Sir Alexander Cumming, of Culter, I may refer to the _Scottish\nJournal_ (Menzies, Edin. 1848) _of Topography, Antiquities, Traditions,\n&c._, vol. ii. p. 254., where an extract from a MS. autobiography of the\nbaronet is given. The work in which this occurs is little known; but, as a\nrepertory of much curious and interesting information, deserved a more\nextensive circulation than it obtained. It stopped with the second volume,\nand is now somewhat scarce, as the unsold copies were disposed of for waste\npaper.\n\n_Pater-noster Tackling_ (Vol. iii., p. 89.).--_Pater-noster\nfishing-tackle_, so called in the shops, is used to catch fish (perch, for\ninstance) which take the bait at various distances between the surface and\nthe bottom of the water. Accordingly, hooks are attached to a line at given\nintervals throughout its length, with leaden shots, likewise regularly\ndistributed, in order to sink it, and keep it extended perpendicularly in\nthe water.\n\nThis regularity of arrangement, and the resemblance of the shots to\n_beads_, seems to have caused the contrivance to have been, somewhat\nfancifully, likened to a _chaplet_ or _rosary_. In a rosary there is a bead\nlonger than the rest, for distinction's sake called the _Pater-noster_;\nfrom whence that name applies to a rosary; and, therefore, to anything\nlikened to it; and, therefore, to the article of _fishing-tackle_ in\nquestion.\n\nThe word _pater-noster_, i.e. _pater-noster-wise_, is an heraldic term\n(_vide_ Ash's _Dictionary_), applied to _beads_ disposed in the form of a\ncross.\n\nROBERT SNOW.\n\n_Welsh Words for Water_ (Vol. iii., p. 30.).--\n\n    \"It is quite surprising,\" says Sharon Turner (_Trans. of the Royal\n    Society of Literature_, vol. i. pt. i. p. 97.), \"to observe that, in\n    all the four quarters of the world, many nations signify this liquid by\n    a vocable of one or more syllables, from the letter M.\"\n\nHe mentions the Hebrew word for it, _mim_; in Africa he finds twenty-eight\nexamples, in Asia sixteen, in South America five, in North America three,\nin Europe three; and elsewhere, in Canary Islands one, in New Zealand one.\nHe adds--\n\n    \"We trace the same radical in the Welsh _more_, the sea, and in the\n    Latin _mare, humor, humidus._[27]\n\n    \"All these people cannot be supposed to have derived their sound from\n    each other. It must have descended to them from some primitive source,\n    common to all.\"\n\nFrom the expression used by J. W. H., \"the connexion of the Welsh _dwr_\nwith the Greek [Greek: hudor] is remarkable,\" he appears not to have known\nthat Vezron found so many resemblances in the Doric or Laconic dialect, and\nthe Celtic, that he thereupon raised the theory that the Lacedaemonians and\nthe Celts were of the same--the Titanic--stock.\n\nT. J.\n\n[Footnote 27: He may have added the Armoric or Breton _mor_, _mar_; and the\nIrish _muir_, _mara_.]\n\n_Early Culture of the Imagination_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--The germ of the\nthought alluded to by MR. GATTY is as ancient as the time of Plato, and may\nbe found in the _Republic_, book ii. c. 17. If this will aid MR. GATTY in\nhis research, it is gladly placed at his disposal by\n\nKENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.\n\n    January 20. 1851.\n\n_Venville_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--R. E. G. inquires respecting the origin of\nthis word, as applied to certain tenants round Dartmoor Forest. The name is\npeculiar to that district, and is applied chiefly to certain _vills_ or\nvillages (for the most part also parishes), and to certain tenements within\nthem, which pay fines to the Lord of Lidford and Dartmoor, viz. the Prince\nof Wales, as Duke of Cornwall. The fines are supposed to be due in respect\neither of rights of common on the forest, or of trespasses committed by\ncattle on it; for the point is a _vexata quaestio_ between the lord and\ntenants of Dartmoor and the tenants of the Venville lands, which lie along\nthe boundaries of it. {153} In the accounts rendered to the lord of these\nfines, there was a distinct title, headed _\"Fines Villarum\"_ when these\naccounts were in Latin; and I think it cannot be doubted that the lands and\ntenures under this title came to be currently called _Finevill_ lands from\nthis circumstance. Hence Fenvill, Fengfield, or Venvill; the last being now\nthe usual spelling and pronunciation. R. E. G. may see a specimen of these\naccounts, and further observations on them, in Mr. Rowe's very instructive\n_Perambulation of Dartmoor_, published a year or two ago at Plymouth.\n\nE. S.\n\n_Cum Grano Salis_ (Vol. iii., p. 88.) simply means, with a grain of\nallowance; spoken of propositions which require qualification. The\nCambridge man's explanation, therefore, does not suit the meaning. I have\nalways supposed that salis was added to denote a small grain. I find in\nForcellini that the Romans called a small flaw in crystals _sal_.\n\nC. B.\n\n_Hoops_ (Vol. iii., p. 88.).--The examples given in Johnson's article\n_Farthingale_ will sufficiently answer the question. Farthingales are\nmentioned in Latimer with much indignant eloquence:\n\n    \"I trow Mary had never a verdingale.\"\n\nIf the question had been, not whether they were in use as early as 1651,\nbut whether they were in use in 1651, perhaps there would have been more\ndifficulty, for they do not appear in Hollar's dresses, 1640.\n\nC. B.\n\n_Cranmer's Descendants_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--It may be of some interest to\nC. D. F. to be informed, that the newspapers of the time recorded the death\nof Mr. Bishop Cranmer of Wivelescombe, co. Somerset, on the 8th April,\n1831, at the age of eighty-eight. He is said to have been a direct\ndescendant of the martyred archbishop, to whose portraits he bore a strong\npersonal resemblance.\n\nJ. D. S.\n\n_Shakspeare's Use of the Word \"Captious\"_ (Vol. ii., p. 354.).--Why may not\nthe word have the same meaning as it has now? A _captious_ person is not\nprimarily a deceitful person, but either one who catches at any argument to\nuphold his own cause, or, more generally, one who catches or cavils at\narguments or expressions used by another, and fastens a frivolous objection\non them; one who takes exception to a point on paltry and insufficient\ngrounds:\n\n \"Yet in this captious and intenible sieve\n  I still pour in the waters of my love.\"\n\n_i.e._ yet into this sieve, which catches at, and yet never holds them, I\nstill pour the waters of my love.\n\nThere seems to me a double meaning of the word _captious_, indicating an\nunder-current of thought in the author; first, the literal sense, then the\ninferential: \"this sieve catches at and seems as if it would intercept the\nwaters of my love, but takes me in, and disappoints me, because it will not\nuphold them.\" The objection to explaining _captious_ by simply\n_fallacious_, is that the word means this by inference or consequence,\nrather than primarily. Because one who is eager to controvert, _i.e._ who\nis captious, generally, but not always, acts for a sophistical purpose and\nmeans to deceive. Cicero, I believe, uses _fallax_ and _captiosus_ as\ndistinct, not as synonymous, terms.\n\nE. A. D.\n\n_Boiling to Death_ (Vol. ii., p. 519.).--\n\n    \"Impoysonments, so ordinary in Italy, are so abominable among English,\n    as 21 Hen. 8. it was made high treason, though since repealed; after\n    which the punishment for it was to be put alive in a caldron of water,\n    and there boiled to death: at present it is felony without benefit of\n    clergy.\"--Chamberlayne's _State of England_,--an old copy, without a\n    title-page.\n\nJudging from the list of bishops and maids of honour, I believe the date to\nbe 1669.\n\nWEDSECNARF.\n\n_Dozen of Bread_ (Vol. ii., p. 49.).--The Duchess of Newcastle says of her\n_Nature's Picture_:\n\n    \"In this volume there are several feigned stories, &c. Also there are\n    some morals and some dialogues; but they are as the advantage loaf of\n    bread to the baker's dozen.\" 1656.\n\nWEDSECNARF.\n\n_Friday Weather_ (Vol. iii., p. 7.).--A very old friend of mine, a\nShropshire lady, tells me that her mother (who was born before 1760) used\nto say that Friday was always the fairest, or the foulest, day of the week.\n\nWEDSECNARF.\n\n_Saint Paul's Clock_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--In reply to MR. CAMPKIN'S Query,\nI send you the following extract from Easton's _Human Longevity_ (London,\n1799):\n\n    \"James Hatfield died in 1770, aged 105. Was formerly a soldier: when on\n    duty as a centinel at Windsor, one night, at the expiration of his\n    guard, he heard St. Paul's clock, London, strike _thirteen_ strokes\n    instead of twelve, and not being relieved as he expected he fell\n    asleep; in which situation he was found by the succeeding guard, who\n    soon after came to relieve him; for such neglect he was tried by a\n    court-martial, but pleading that he was on duty his legal time, and\n    asserting, as a proof, the singular circumstance of hearing St. Paul's\n    clock strike thirteen strokes, which, upon inquiry, proved true--he was\n    in consequence acquitted.\"\n\nJ. B. COLMAN.\n\n_Lunardi_ (Vol. ii., p. 469.).--I remember seeing Lunardi's balloon pass\nover the town of Ware, previous to its fall at Standon. I have seen the\n_moonstone_ described by your correspondent C. J. F., but all that I can\nremember of an old song on the occasion is. \"They thought it had been the\nman in the moon,\" alluding to the men in the fields, who ran away\nfrightened. But a servant girl had {154} the courage to take the rope\nthrown out by Lunardi, and was well rewarded. It caused a great sensation,\nand many of the principal inhabitants of Ware and Wadesmill assembled with\nLunardi at the Feathers Inn, at the latter place.\n\nJ. TAYLOR.\n\n    Newick, Sussex.\n\n_Outline in Painting_.--J. O. W. H. (Vol. i., p. 318.) and H. C. K. (Vol.\niii., p. 63.) are earnestly referred, for resolution of their doubts, to\nthe work by Mr. Ruskin, in 2 vols. large 8vo., entitled _Modern Painters_,\nby a _Graduate of Oxford_, published by Smith and Elder, 1846.\n\nROBERT SNOW.\n\n_Handbell before a Corpse_ (vol. iii., p. 68.).--Your correspondent\n[Hebrew: B]. has too inconsiderately dismissed the Query which he has\nundertaken to answer touching the custom of ringing a handbell in advance\nof a funeral procession. He says, \"I have never considered it as anything\nbut _a cast of the bell-man's office_, to add more solemnity to the\noccasion.\"\n\nThe custom is _invariably_ observed throughout Italy, and is common in\nFrance and Spain. I have witnessed at least some hundreds of funerals in\nvarious cities and villages of Piedmont, Sardinia, Tuscany, the Roman\nStates, Naples, Elba, and Sicily; and in Malta; yet never knew I one\nwithout the handbell.\n\nIts _object_, as first explained to me in Florence, is to clear the way for\nthe procession; to remind passengers and loiterers to take off their hats;\nand to call the pious to their doors and windows to gaze upon the emblems\nof mortality, and to say a prayer for the repose of the departed soul.\n\nNOCAB.\n\n_Brandon the Juggler_ (Vol. ii., p. 424.).--Your correspondent T. CR. is\nreferred to Scot's _Discoverie of Witchcraft_, p. 308. (edit. 1584) for a\nnotice of this person and his pigeon.\n\nJAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n\"_Words are Men's Daughters_\" (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--This line is taken from\nDr. Madden's _Boulter's Monument_ (Dublin, 1745, 8vo.), a poem which was\nrevised by Dr. Johnson, but to which little attention has been paid by his\nbiographers. Mr. Croker observes (edit. of Boswell, 1848, p. 107. note)--\n\n    \"Dr. Madden wrote very bad verses. The few lines in Boulter's monument\n    which rise above mediocrity may be attributed to Johnson.\"\n\nThose who take the trouble to refer to the poem itself, will,\nnotwithstanding Mr. Croker's hasty criticism, find a great many fine and\nvigorous passages, in which the hand of Johnson is clearly distinguishable,\nand which ought not to be allowed to remain unnoticed. Perhaps on a future\noccasion I may, in support of this opinion, give some specimens from the\npoem. The line as to which T. J. inquires,--\n\n    \"Words are men's daughters, but God's Sons are things,\"--\n\nand which is in allusion to Genesis vi. 2. 4., is, I entertain no doubt,\none of Dr. Johnson's insertions.\n\nJAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n\"_Fine by degrees, and beautifully less_\" (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--This line\nis from Prior's \"Henry and Emma,\" a poem, upon the model of the \"Nut-brown\nMaid.\" I copy part of the passage in which it occurs, for the sake of any\nof your readers who may be lovers of _context_, and may not have the poem\nat hand to refer to.\n\n     \"_Henry_ [addressing Emma].\n \"Vainly thou tell'st me what the woman's care\n  Shall in the wildness of the woods prepare;                  420\n  Thou, ere thou goest, unhappiest of thy kind,\n  Must leave the habit and the sex behind.\n  No longer shall thy comely tresses break\n  In flowing ringlets on thy snowy neck;\n  Or sit behind thy head, an ample round,\n  In graceful braids with various ribbon bound:\n  No longer shall the bodice aptly lac'd\n  From thy full bosom to thy slender waist,\n  That air and harmony of shape express,\n  Fine by degrees, and beautifully less:                       430\n  Nor shall thy lower garments' artful plait,\n  From thy fair side dependent to thy feet,\n  Arm their chaste beauties with a modest pride,\n  And double every charm they seek to hide.\"\n\nC. FORBES.\n\n    Temple, Feb. 10.\n\n    [We are also indebted for replies to this Query to Robert Snow, Fras.\n    Crossley, A. M., J. J. M., A. H., S. T., E. S. T. T., V., W. K., R. B.,\n    and other correspondents. C. H. P. remarks:\n\n    \"Pope, who died in 1744, twenty-three years after Prior, evidently had\n    this line in view when he wrote as follows:--\n\n     \"'Ladies, like variegated tulips, show;\n     'Tis to their changes half their charms they owe;\n      Fine by defect, and delicately weak,\n      Their happy spots the nice admirer take.'\"\n\n    And J. H. M. tells us, \"The late Lord Ellenborough applied the line\n    somewhat ignobly, when speaking of bristles, in a dispute between two\n    brushmakers.\"]\n\n_\"The Soul's dark Cottage\"_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--The couplet \"EFFARESS\"\ninquires for, is to be found in Waller's poems. It is a production of his\nlater years, and occurs in the epilogue to his \"Poems of Divine Love,\" and\n\"Of the Fear of God,\" &c., thus:--\n\n \"The soul's dark cottage, batter'd and decay'd,\n  Lets in new light through chinks that time has made,\n  Stronger by weakness, wiser, men become,\n  As they draw nigh to their eternal home.\n  Leaving the old, both worlds at once they view,\n  That stand upon the threshold of the new.\"\n\n{155}\n\nThere is another couplet worth citing--\n\n \"The seas are quiet, when the winds give o'er;\n  So calm are we, when passions are no more.\"\n\nHow different were the effusions of Waller's earlier muse! In the year\n1645, Humphrey Mosley published \"_Poems, &c_., written by Mr. Ed. Waller,\nof Beaconsfield, Esquire, lately a Member of the Honourable House of\nCommons.\" The title-page also states that--\n\n    \"All the Lyrick Poems in this Booke were set by Mr. Henry Lawes of the\n    King's Chappell, and one of his Majesties Private Musick.\"\n\nIt is not a little remarkable that the same publisher, in the same year,\nshould have also given to the world the first edition of that precious\nvolume--Milton's _Minor Poems_; and, in the advertisement prefixed, he thus\nadverts to the circumstance:--\n\n    \"That incouragement I have already received from the most ingenious\n    men, in their clear and courteous entertainment of _Mr. Waller's_ late\n    choice Peeces, hath onece more made me adventure into the world,\n    presenting it with these _ever-green and not to be blasted laurels_.\"\n\nHad Humphrey Mosley any presentiment of the deathless fame of Milton?\n\nS. W. SINGER.\n\n_\"The Soul's dark Cottage,\" &c_. (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--This admired\ncouplet can never escape recollection. It was written by Waller. From the\ntenor of some preceding lines, and the place which the verses occupy in the\nedition of 1693, they must be among the latest of his compositions.\n\nBOLTON CORNEY.\n\n    [A. H. H., R. B., C. J. R., H. G. T., and other friends have replied to\n    this Query.\n\n    The Rev. J. Sansom points out a kindred passage in his poem of _Divine\n    Love_, canto vi. p. 249.:\n\n     \"The soul contending to that light to fly\n      From her dark cell,\" &c.\n\n    H. G. sends a beautiful parallel passage from Fuller (_Holy State Life\n    of Monica_): \"Drawing near her death, she sent most pious thoughts as\n    harbingers to heaven, and her soul saw a glimpse of happiness through\n    the chinks of her sickness-broken body.\" And J. H. M. informs us that\n    amongst Duke's Poems is a most flattering one addressed to Waller,\n    evidently allusive to the lines in question.]\n\n\"_Beauty Retire_\" (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--The lines beginning \"Beauty\nRetire,\" which Pepys set to music, taken from the second part of the _Siege\nof Rhodes_, act iv. scene 2., are printed in the 5th volume of the\n_Memoirs_, p. 250., 3rd edition.\n\nI believe the music exists in the Pepysian Library, but any of the Fellows\nof Magdalene College could ascertain the fact.\n\nBRAYBROOKE.\n\n_Mythology of the Stars_ (Vol. iii., p. 70.).--I would here add to my\nrecommendation of Captain Smyth's _Celestial Cycle_ (_ante_, p. 70.), that\nsoon after it appeared it obtained for its author the annual gold medal of\nthe Royal Astronomical Society; and that it is a book adapted to the\nexigencies of astronomers of all degrees, from the experienced astronomer,\nfurnished with every modern refinement of appliances and means of\nobservation, to the humbler, but perhaps no less zealous beginner,\nfurnished only with a good pair of natural eyes, aided, on occasion, by the\ncommon opera-glass. Such an observer, if he goes the right way to work,\nwill make sure of a high degree of entertainment and instruction, and may\nreasonably hope to light on a discovery or two, worthy, even in the present\nday, of being recorded.\n\nROBERT SNOW.\n\n_Simon Bache_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--_Thesaurarius Hospitii_.--The office\nof \"Thesaurarius Hospitii,\" about which A. W. H. inquires, means, I\nbelieve, \"Treasurer of the Household.\" In Chauncy's _Hertfordshire_, vol.\nii. p. 102., the inscription on Simon Bache is given in the same terms as\nby your correspondent. The learned author then gives, at p. 103., the\nepitaph on another monument also in Knebworth Church, erected to the memory\nof John Hotoft, in which occur these two lines:\n\n \"Hospitii regis qui Thesaurarius olim\n  Henrici sexti merito pollebat honore.\"\n\nAt p. 93. of the same volume, Sir Henry Chauncy speaks of the same John\nHotoft as an eminent man, and sheriff of the county, and adds:\n\n    \"He was also Treasurer of the King's Household afterwards; he dyed and\n    was buried in the chancel of this church, where his monument remains at\n    this day.\"\n\nWho Simon Bache was, or how he came to be buried at Knebworth, I cannot\ntell. The name of \"Bach\" occurs in Chauncy several times, as that of mayors\nand assistants, at Hertford, between 1672 and 1689.\n\nJ. H. L.\n\n_Winifreda_ (Vol. iii., p. 108.).--It may perhaps interest LORD BRAYBROOKE\nand J. H. M. to know, that I have in my possession the copy of Dodsley's\n_Minor Poems_, which belonged to John Gilbert Cooper, and which was bought\nat the sale of his grandson, the late Colonel John Gilbert-Cooper-Gardiner.\nThe song of \"Winifreda\" is at page 282. of the 4th volume; and a manuscript\nnote, in the handwriting of the son of the author of _Letters concerning\nTaste_, states it to have been written \"by John Gilbert Cooper.\" The\n_praise_ bestowed by Cooper on the poem, and which J. H. M. conceives to\nmilitate against his claim to the composition, is obviously intended to\napply to the _original_, and not to Cooper's elegant translation.\n\nA.\n\n    Newark.\n\n_Queries on Costume_ (Vol. iii., p. 88.).--Addison's paper in the\n_Spectator_, No. 127., seems to be {156} conclusive that hooped petticoats\nwere not in use so early as the year 1651. The anecdote in connection with\nthe subject related in Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, has always appeared to me\nvery questionable, not only on that consideration, but because Charles was\nat the time a fine tall young man of more than twenty-one years of age, and\nat the only period that he could have been in the neighbourhood referred\nto, he was on horseback and attended by at least two persons, who were also\nmounted. Neither can the circumstances related be at all reconciled with\nthe particulars given by Clarendon and subsequent writers, who have\nprofessed to correct the statements of that historian by authority.\n\nJ. D. S.\n\n_Antiquitas Saeculi Juventus Mundi_ (Vol. ii., p. 218.; Vol. iii., p.\n125.).--Permit me again to express my opinion, with due deference to the\neminent authorities cited in your pages, that the comprehensive words of\nLord Bacon, \"Antiquitas saeculi juventus mundi,\" were not borrowed from any\nauthor, ancient or modern. But it would be a compliment which that great\ngenius would have been the first to ridicule, were we to affirm that no\nanterior writer had adopted analogous language in expressing the benefits\nof \"the philosophy of time.\" On the contrary, he would have called our\nattention to the expressions of the Egyptian priest addressed to Solon,\n(see a few pages beyond the one referred to in his _Advancement of\nLearning_):\n\n    \"Ye Grecians are ever children, ye have no knowledge of antiquity nor\n    antiquity of knowledge.\"\n\nThe words of Bacon to me appear to be a condensation of the well-known\ndialogue in Plato's _Timaeus_, above quoted, as will, I hope, appear in the\nfollowing paraphrase:\n\n    \"Apud vos propter inundationes ineunte modo saeculo nihil scientiarum\n    est augmentationis. Quoad nos _juventus mundi_ ac terrae Aegyptiacae, qua\n    nulla hominum exitia fuerunt, progrediente tempore, _antiquitas_ fit\n    _saeculi_, et antiquissimarum rerum apud nos momumenta servantur.\"\n\nT. J.\n\n_Lady Bingham_ (Vol. iii., p. 61.).--Lady Bingham, whose daughter,\nafterwards Lady Crewe, was unsuccessfully courted by Sir Symonds D'Ewes\n(for which see his autobiography), was Sarah, the daughter of John Heigham,\nEsq., of Gifford's Hall in Urekham Brook, Suffolk, of the same family with\nSir Clement Heigham, Knt., of Barrow, Suffolk, Speaker of the House of\nCommons. She was married by banns at St. Olave's, Hart Street, Jan. 11,\n1588, to Sir Richard Bingham, Knt., of co. Dorset. She married, secondly,\nEdward Waldegrave, Esq., of Lawford, Essex, to whom she was second wife,\nand by him had Jemima, afterwards Lady Crewe. Edward Waldegrave, married to\nhis first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Bartholomew Averell, of\nSouthminster, Essex, had by her an only daughter, Anne, who married Drew,\nafterwards Sir Drew Drury, Bart., of Riddlesworth, Norfolk. He, Edward\nWaldegrave, was descended from a younger branch of the family of\nWaldegrave, of Smallbridge, in the parish of Bures, Suffolk, from whence\ndescends the present Earl Waldegrave.\n\nLady Bingham lies buried in the chancel of Lawford church, where a stone in\nthe floor states her age to have been sixty-nine, and that she was buried\nSept. 9. 1634. There is also another stone in the floor for Edward\nWaldegrave, Esq., who married Dame Sarah Bingham, by whom he had one\ndaughter, Jemima, who was married to John Stearne (a mistake evidently for\nStene, the seat of James Lord Crewe). Edward Waldegrave was buried Feb. 13,\n1621, aged about sixty-eight.\n\nThe large monument in Lawford church is for the father of this Edward\nWaldegrave, who died in 1584.\n\nD. A. Y.\n\n_Proclamation of Langholme Fair_ (Vol. iii., p. 56.).--MONKBARNS wishes the\nmeaning of the choice expressions in the proclamation. They may be\nexplained as follows:--_Hustrin_, hustling, or riotously inclined, being so\nconsonanted to make it alliterate with _custrin_, spelt by Jamieson,\n_custroun_, and signifying a pitiful fellow. Chaucer has the word _truston_\nin this sense.\n\n_Land-louper_, one who runs over the country, a vagabond.\n\n_Dukes-couper_ I take to be a petty dealer in ducks or poultry, and to be\nused in a reproachful sense, as we find \"pedlar,\" \"jockey,\" &c.\n\n_Gang-y-gate swinger_, a fighting man, who goes swaggering in the road (or\n_gate_); a roisterer who takes the wall of every one. _Swing_ is an old\nword for a stroke or blow.\n\n_Durdam_ is an old word meaning an uproar, and akin to the Welsh word\n_dowrd_. _Urdam_ may be a corruption of _whoredom_, but is more probably\nprefixed to the genuine word as a co-sounding expletive.\n\n_Brabblement_ seems to be a derivative from the Scotch verb \"bra,\" to make\na loud and disagreeable noise (see Jamieson); and _squabblement_ explains\nitself.\n\n_Lugs_, ears; _tacked_, nailed; _trone_, an old word, properly signifying\nthe public weighing-machine, and sometimes used for the pillory.\n\n_A nail o' twal-a-penny_ is, of course, a nail of that size and sort of\nwhich twelve are bought for a penny.\n\n_Until he down of his hobshanks, and up with his muckle doubs_, evidently\nmeans, until he goes down on his knees and raises his hands. _Hobshanks_\nis, I think, still in common use. Of _doubs_ I can give no explanation.\n\nW. T. M.\n\n    Edinburgh, Jan. 29th.\n\n_Burying in Church Walls_ (Vol. iii., p. 37.).--To {157} the examples\nmentioned by N. of tombs in church walls, may be added the remarkable ones\nat Bottisham, Cambridgeshire. There are several of these in the south\naisle, with arches _internally and externally_: the wall between resting on\nthe coffin lid. They are, of course, coeval with the church, which is fine\nearly Decorated. They are considered, I believe, to be memorials of the\npriors of Anglesey, a neighbouring religious house. They will, no doubt, be\nfully elucidated in the memoir of Bottisham and Anglesey, which is\nunderstood to be in preparation by members of the Cambridge Antiquarian\nSociety. At Trumpington, in the same county, is a recessed tomb of\nDecorated date, in the south wall of the chancel, externally.\n\nC. R. M.\n\n_Defender of the Faith_ (Vol. ii., pp. 442. 481.; Vol. iii., pp. 9.\n94.).--Should not King Edward the Confessor's claim to _defend the church\nas God's Vicar_ be added to the several valuable notices in relation to the\ntitle _Defender of the Faith_, with which some of your learned contributors\nhave favoured us through your pages?\n\nAccording to Hoveden, one of the laws adopted from the Anglo-Saxons by\n_William_ was:\n\n    \"Rex autem atque vicarius Ejus ad hoc est constitutus, ut regnum\n    terrenum, populum Dei, et super omnia _sanctam ecclesiam_, revereatur\n    et ab injuriatoribus _defendat_,\" &c.\n\nWhich duty of princes was further enforced by the words--\n\n    \"Illos decet vocari reges, qui vigilant, _defendunt_, et regunt\n    Ecclesiam Dei et populum Ejus, imitantes regem psalmographum,\"\n    &c.--Vid. _Rogeri de Hoveden Annal._, par. post., Sec.. Regis Officium;\n    ap. Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores post Bedam, ed. Francof. 1601, p. 604.\n    Conf. Prynne's _Chronol. Records_, ed. Lond. 1666, tom i. p. 310.\n\nThis law appears always to have been received as of authority after the\nConquest; and it may, perhaps, be considered as the first seed of that\nconstitutional church supremacy vested in our sovereigns, which several of\nour kings before the Reformation had occasion to vindicate against Papal\nclaims, and which Henry VIII. strove to carry in the other direction, to an\nunconstitutional excess.\n\nJ. SANSOM.\n\n_Sauenap, Meaning of_ (Vol. ii., p. 479.).--The word probably means a\n_napkin_ or _pinafore_; the two often, in old times, the same thing. The\nCornish name for _pinafore_ is _save-all_. (See Halliwell's _Arch. Dict._)\nI need not add that _nap_, _napery_, was a common word for linen.\n\nGEORGE STEPHENS.\n\n    Stockholm.\n\n_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs_ (Vol. ii., p. 476.).--The memoirs of Charles\nI. by Sir Thomas Herbert were published in 1702. I transcribe the title\nfrom a copy in my possession:--\n\n    \"Memoirs of the two last years of the reign of that unparall'd prince,\n    of ever blessed memory, king Charles I. By sir Tho. Herbert, major\n    Huntingdon, col. Edw. Coke, and Mr. Hen. Firebrace, _etc_. London, Rob.\n    Clavell, 1702, 8vo.\"\n\nThe volume, for a publication of that period, is of uncommon occurrence. It\nwas printed, as far as above described, \"from a _manuscript_ of the Right\nReverend the Bishop of Ely, lately deceased.\" The remainder of the volume\nconsists of reprinted articles.\n\nBOLTON CORNEY.\n\n_Robert Burton_ (Vol. iii., p. 106.).--The supposition that the author of\nthe _Anatomy of Melancholy_ was born at Fald, Staffordshire, instead of\nLindley, Leicestershire, seems probable from the fact, that in an edition\nof the _History of Leicestershire_, by his brother William, I find that the\nlatter dates his preface \"From Falde, neere Tutbury, Staff., Oct. 30.\n1622.\" In this work, also, under the head \"Lindley,\" is given the pedigree\nof his family, commencing with \"James de Burton, Squier of the body to King\nRichard the First;\" down to \"Rafe Burton, of Lindley, borne 1547; died 17\nMarch, 1619;\" leaving \"Robert Burton, bachelor of divinity and student of\nChrist Church, Oxon; author of the _Anatomy of Melancholy_; borne 8 of\nFebr. 1578;\" and \"William Burton, author of this work (_History of\nLeicestershire_), borne 24 of Aug. 1575, now dwelling at Falde, ann. 1622.\"\n\nT. T.\n\n    Leicester.\n\n_Drachmarus_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--If your correspondents (Nos. 66 and\n67.) who have inquired for a book called _Jartuare_, and for a writer named\n\"Drachmarus,\" would add a little to the length of their questions, so as\nnot by extra-briefness to deaden the dexterity of conjecturers, perhaps\nthey might be nearer to the reception of replies. Many stranger things have\nhappened than that _Drachmarus_ should be renovated by the context into\nChristian _Druthmar_.\n\n_Averia_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--I have long desired to know the exact\nmeaning of _averia_, but I have not met with a good explanation until\nlately. It is clear, however, from the following legal expression, \"_Nullus\ndistringatur per averia carucae._\" _Caruca_ is the French _charrue_, and\ntherefore _averia_ must mean either cart-horses or oxen which draw the\nplough.\n\nP.\n\n_Dragons_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--I think the _Draco_ of the Crusaders' times\nmust have been the _Boa constrictor_. If you will look into St. Jerome's\n_Vitas Patrum_, you will find that he mentions the trail of a \"draco\" seen\nin the sand in the Desert, which appeared as if a _great beam_ had been\ndragged along. I think it not likely that a crocodile would have {158}\nventured so far from the banks of the Nile as to be seen in the Desert.\n\nP.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nThe members of the Percy Society have just received the third and\nconcluding volume of _The Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer, a new Text,\nwith Illustrative Notes, edited by Thomas Wright, Esq_. It is urged as an\nobjection to Tyrwhitt's excellent edition of the _Canterbury Tales_, that\none does not know his authority for any particular reading, inasmuch as he\nhas given what he considered the best among the different MSS. he\nconsulted. Mr. Wright has gone on an entirely different principle.\nConsidering the Harleian MS. (No. 7334.) as both \"the oldest and best\nmanuscript he has yet met with,\" he has \"reproduced it with literal\naccuracy,\" and for the adoption of this course Mr. Wright may plead the\ngood example of German scholars when editing the _Nibelungen Lied_. That\nthe members of the Society approve the principle of giving complete\neditions of works like the present, has been shown by the anxiety with\nwhich they have looked for the completion of Mr. Wright's labours; and we\ndoubt not that, if the Council follow up this edition of the _Canterbury\nTales_ with some other of the collected works which they have\nannounced--such as those of Hoccleve, Taylor the Water Poet, &c.--they will\nreadily fill up any vacancies which may now exist in their list of members.\n\nMr. Parker has just issued another handsome, and handsomely illustrated\nvolume to gladden the hearts of all ecclesiologists and architectural\nantiquaries. We allude to Mr. Freeman's _Essay on the Origin and\nDevelopment of Window Tracery in England_, which consists of an improved\nand extended form of several papers on the subject of Tracery read before\nthe Oxford Architectural Society at intervals during the years 1846 and\n1848. To those of our readers who know what are Mr. Freeman's abilities for\nthe task he has undertaken, the present announcement will be a sufficient\ninducement to make them turn to the volume itself; while those who have not\nyet paid any attention to this interesting chapter in the history of\nArchitectural progress, will find no better introduction to the study of it\nthan Mr. Freeman's able volume with its four hundred illustrations.\n\nMr. Foss has, we hear, gone to press with two additional volumes of his\n_Judges of England_, which will carry his subject down to the end of the\nreign of Richard III.\n\n_The Athenaeum_ of Saturday last announces that the remaining Stowe MSS.,\nincluding the unpublished Diaries and Correspondence of George Grenville,\nhave been bought by Mr. Murray, of Albemarle Street, from the Trustees of\nthe Duke of Buckingham. The correspondence will form about four volumes,\nand will be ready to appear among our next winter's novelties. The\nGrenville Diary reveals, it is said, the secret movements of Lord Bute's\nadministration--the private histories of Wilkes and Lord Chatham--and the\nfeatures of the early madness of George III.; while the Correspondence\nexhibits Wilkes, we are told, in a new light--and reveals (what the Stowe\nPapers were expected to reveal) something of moment about Junius; So that\nwe may at length look for the solution of this important query.\n\nMessrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell, on Monday and\nTuesday next, a collection of Choice Books, mostly in beautiful condition.\nAmong the more curious lots are, an unpublished work of Archbishop Laud, on\n_Church Government_, said to have been presented to Charles I. for the\ninstruction of Prince Henry; and an unique Series of Illustrations for\nScotland, consisting of several thousand engravings, and many interesting\ndrawings and autographs.\n\nWe have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. Castle\nStreet, Leicester Square) Catalogue (No. 24.) of Books in European and\nOriental Languages and Dialects, Fine Arts, Antiquities, &c.; Waller and\nSon's (188. Fleet Street) Catalogue of Autograph Letters and Manuscripts,\nEnglish and Foreign, containing many rare and interesting Documents.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\n  CONDER'S PROVINCIAL COINS. Publisher's name I cannot recollect.\n  HISTORICAL REGISTER for 1st February, 1845, price _6d_. No. 5.; also for\n      22d February, 1845, price _6d_. No. 8., and subsequent Numbers till\n      its discontinuation. Published by Wallbridge, 7. Catherine Street,\n      Strand.\n  LULLII (RAYMONDI) OPERA, Mogunt, 10 Vols. fol., 1721-42.\n  LICETI (FORTUNII) DE QUAESITIS PER EPISTOLAS, Bonon. 7 tom. 4to., 1640-50.\n  SCALICHII SIVE SCALIGERI (PAULI) OPERA, Basil, 1559, 4to.\n  ---- OCCULTA OCCULTORUM, Vienn. 1556, 4to.\n  ---- SATIRAE PHILOSOPHICAE, Regiom. 1563, 8vo.\n  ---- MISCELLANEORUM, Colon. 1570, 4to.\n  ---- DE VITA EJUS ET SCRIPTIS, 4to., Ulmae, 1803.\n  RESPONSA JURIS CONSULTORUM DE ORIGINE GENTE ET NOMINE PAULI SCALIGERI,\n      Colon. 1567, 4to.\n  SCALIGERONUM ANNALES, Colon. sine anno in 12mo.\n  SCALIGERI (JOS.) MESOLABIUM, Ludg. Bat. 1594. fol.\n  GRUBINII (OPORINI) AMPHOTIDES SCIOPPIANAE, Paris, 1611, 8vo.\n  CARDANI (HIERON) OPUSCULA MEDICA ET PHILOSOPHICA, Basil, 1566, 2 Vols.\n      8vo.\n  ---- CONTRADICENTIUM MEDICORUM, Lugd. 1584, 4to.\n  ---- THEONOSTON, Rom. 1617, 4to.\n  ---- DE IMMORTALITATE ANIMORUM, Ludg. 1545, 12mo.\n  ---- DE MALO MEDENDI USU, Venet. 1536, 12mo.\n  CAMPANELLAE (THOMAE) PHILOSOPHIA SENSIBUS DEMONSTRATA, Neap., 1591, 4to.\n  GASSENDI (PETRI) EPISTOLICA EXERCITATIO, IN QUA PRINCIPIA ROB. FLUDDI\n      MEDICI DETEGUNTUR, Paris, 1630, 8vo.\n  SCIOPPII (GASP.) ELOGIA SCIOPPIANA, Papiae, 1617, 4to.\n  ---- DE AUGUSTA DOM^S AUSTRIAE ORIGINE, Const., 1651, 12mo.\n  ---- OBSERVATIONES LINGUAE LATINAE, Francof., 1609, 8vo.\n  NAUDAEI (GAB.) GRATIARUM ACTIO IN COLLEGIO PATAV., Venet., 1633, 8vo.\n  ---- INSTAURATIO TABULARII REATINI, Romae, 1640, 4to.\n\n*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nJ. E., _The price of_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is_ 3d. _per Number. There was\nan extra charge for the Index; and No. 65. was a double Number, price_ 6d.\n_The taking of the Index was, as Lubin Log says, \"quite optional.\"_ {159}\n\nPHILO-STEVENS. _We do not know of any Memoir of the late Mr. Price, the\nEditor of Warton's_ History of English Poetry. _There is not certainly one\nprefixed to any edition of Warton. Mr. Price was a thorough scholar, and\nwell deserving of such a memorial._\n\nE. S. T. _Only waiting for an opportunity of using them._\n\nMARTIN FAMILY (of Wivenhoe). CLERICUS, _who sought for information\nrespecting this Family, may, by application to our publisher, learn the\naddress of a gentleman who has collected evidence of their pedigree._\n\nDE NAVORSCHER. _Mr. Nutt, of 270. Strand, is the London Agent for this\ninteresting work, of which we have received the January and February\nNumbers._\n\n_Our_ MONTHLY PART _for_ FEBRUARY, _price_ 1s. 3d., _will be ready on\nWednesday next._\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED. _Salisbury Craigs_--_Shaking Hands_--_Robert\nBurton_--_Ulm MS._--_Metrical Psalms_--_Booty's Case_--_Language given to\nMan_--_Eisel_--_Lammer Beads_--_Tradescant_--_Munchausen_--_Sixes and\nSevens_--_Under the Rose, &c. (from Ache)_--_Waste Book_--_Cracowe\nPike_--_Gloves_--_Descent of Henry IV._--_Lord Howard of\nEffingham_--_Lincoln Missal_--_Prayer at the Healing_--_Hats of\nCardinals_--_Aver_--_St. Paul's Clock._\n\nNOTE AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and\nNewsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country\nSubscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it\nregularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet\naware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND\nQUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._\n\n_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be\naddressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.\n\n_Erratum._--No. 67. p. 101. l. 4., for _a_ read _an_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nAn unpublished MS. of ARCHBISHOP LAUD on Church Government, and very Choice\nBooks, Mahogany Glazed Book-case, Two Fine Marble Figures, &c.\n\nPUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by\nAUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on MONDAY, February 24th,\nand following Day, a Collection of very Choice Books in beautiful\nCondition, Books of Prints, Picture Galleries, a Fine Set of Curtis'\nBotanical Magazine; a beautiful Series of Pennant's Works, in russia; Musee\nFrancaise and Musee Royal, morocco; Annual Register, whole-bound in calf,\nand numerous other valuable Books, many in rich bindings.\n\nCatalogues will be sent on application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nHighly Interesting Autograph Letters.\n\nPUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by\nAUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on FRIDAY, February 28th, a\nhighly Interesting Collection of Autograph Letters, particularly Letters of\nModern Poets, CRABBE, BYRON, &c.; some very rare Documents connected with\nthe Scottish History; an Extraordinary Declaration issued by James III.,\nthe Old Pretender; and many others of equal consequence.\n\nCatalogues will be sent on application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nValuable Library, late the Property of the Rev. GEORGE INNES, Head Master\nof the King's School, Warwick, deceased. Six Days' Sale.\n\nPUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by\nAUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on MONDAY, March 3rd, and\nFive following Days, the valuable LIBRARY of the late Rev. GEORGE INNES,\nconsisting of Theology; Greek and Latin Classics; the Works of Standard\nHistorians, Poets and Dramatists; a Complete Set of the Gentleman's\nMagazine to 1842; a few County Histories, all in good condition, many\nhandsomely bound.\n\nCatalogues will be sent on application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSOWERBY'S ENGLISH BOTANY. Now ready, Vol. IV. price 1l. 16s. cloth boards.\n\nVols. I. II. and III., price 1l. 19s. 6d. each, and cases for binding the\nVols. always on hand.\n\n*** Subscribers who may desire to complete their copies can do so from the\nstock of the second edition, at Re-issue price.\n\nTo be had of Mr. SOWERBY, 3. Mead Place, Lambeth; and of all Booksellers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY AND ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR FOR 1851,\ncontaining a Diary with the Lessons, Collects, and Directions for Public\nWorship, with blank spaces for Memoranda for every Day in the Year, the\nSundays and other Holidays being printed in red.\n\nThe Ecclesiastical Calendar contains a list of all the Bishops, Deans,\nArchdeacons, Canons, Prebendaries, and other dignitaries of the United\nChurch of England and Ireland, arranged under their respective Dioceses.\nThe Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Colonial Church, the Scottish and\nAmerican Episcopal Churches; Statistics of the Roman Catholic and Greek\nChurches, the various bodies of Dissenters, Religious Societies in\nconnexion with the Church, with their Income and Expenditure; Directions to\nCandidates for Holy Orders, Curates, and newly-appointed Incumbents; the\nUniversities, Heads of Houses, Prizes, &c.\n\nThe Miscellaneous Part contains complete Lists of both Houses of\nParliament, the Ministry, Judges, &c., Tables of the Revenue, Taxes, Wages,\n&c., with a variety of matter useful to all Clergymen, the whole forming a\nCOMPLETE AND CONVENIENT CLERGYMAN'S POCKET BOOK. Price, in cloth, 3s., or\nwith a tuck as a pocket book, roan, 5s., or in morocco, 6s. 6d.\n\n\"It appears to be exceedingly well got up, and to contain all that a\nclergyman or churchman can desire.\"--_Guardian._\n\n\"Well arranged, and full of useful matter.\"--_John Bull._\n\n\"The most complete and useful thing of the kind.\"--_Christian\nRemembrancer._\n\nOxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER; and 377. Strand, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCommittee for the Repair of the TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER.\n\n  JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A.\n  J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A.\n  PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A.\n  WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A.\n  THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A.\n  SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.H.\n  JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.\n  HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A.\n  SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A.\n  WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A.\n\nThe Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey is fast mouldering into\nirretrievable decay. A sum of One Hundred Pounds will effect a perfect\nrepair. The Committee have not thought it right to fix any limit to the\ncontribution; they themselves have opened the list with a subscription from\neach of them of Five Shillings; but they will be ready to receive any\namount, more or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may\nbe kind enough to remit to them.\n\nSubscriptions have been received from the Earls of Carlisle, Ellesmere, and\nShaftsbury, Viscounts Strangford and Mahon Pres. Soc. Antiq., The Lords\nBraybrooke and Londesborough, and many other noblemen and gentlemen.\n\nSubscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at the\nUnion Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable at the\nCharing Cross Office, to William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46.\nParliament Street, or William J. Thoms, Esq., Hon. Sec., 25. Holy-Well\nStreet, Millbank.\n\n{160}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow Ready, in 200 pages, Demy 18mo.,\n\nWITH A PICTORIAL VIEW AND GROUND PLAN OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION BUILDING,\n\nAND VIEW OF THE BIRMINGHAM EXPOSITION.\n\n_Price, in Fancy Binding, 2s. 6d., or Post Free, 3s._\n\nDedicated to His Royal Highness Price Albert\n\nGILBERT'S POPULAR NARRATIVE\n\nOF THE\nORIGIN, HISTORY, PROGRESS, AND PROSPECTS\nOF THE\n\nGREAT INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION,\n\n1851;\n\nWITH A GUIDE TO THE FUTURE RULES AND ARRANGEMENTS.\nBy PETER BERLYN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPUBLISHED BY JAMES GILBERT, 49. PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.\n_Orders Received by all Booksellers, Stationers, and Newsvendors_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, No. 5., price 2s. 6d.,\n\nDETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, Measured and Drawn from existing Examples.\nBy JAMES K. COLLING, Architect.\n\n          CONTENTS:\n  Archway from Bishop Burton Church and Corbel from Wawn   Church,\n      Yorkshire.\n  Font from Bradfield Church, Norfolk.\n  Nave Arches, St. Mary's Church, Beverley.\n  Clerestory Windows from ditto.\n  One compartment of Nave and Label Terminations from ditto.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE.--The Volume of Transactions of the LINCOLN\nMEETING, to which Subscribers for the year 1848 are entitled, is ready for\ndelivery, and may be obtained, on application at the Office of the Society,\n26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall. Directions regarding transmission of copies\nto Country Members should be addressed to GEORGE VULLIAMY, Esq., Secretary.\nThe Norwich Volume is also completed, and will be forthwith delivered.\n\nIt is requested that all arrears of subscription may be remitted without\ndelay to the Treasurer, EDWARD HAWKINS, Esq. The Journal, No. 29.,\ncommencing Vol. VIII., will be published at the close of March, and\nforwarded, Postage Free, to all Members not in arrear of their\ncontributions.\n\nThe SALISBURY VOLUME is nearly ready for delivery. Subscribers' names\nreceived by the Publisher,\n\nGEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE DEVOTIONAL LIBRARY, Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of\nLeeds. Just Published.\n\nTHE HISTORY OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST. With suitable Meditations\nand Prayers. By WILLIAM READING, M.A. (Reprinted from the Edition of 1737.)\n32mo. cloth, price _2s._\n\nAlso,\n\nDEVOUT MUSINGS ON THE BOOK OF PSALMS, Part 3. Psalms LXXVI. to CX. Price\n1s. cloth; and Vol. I., containing Parts 1. and 2., price 2s. 6d. cloth.\n\nLeeds: RICHARD SLOCOMBE. London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFOREIGN LITERATURE.\n\nD. NUTT begs to call the Attention of the Public to his Establishment for\nthe SALE of FOREIGN BOOKS, both Old and New, in various Languages, and in\nevery Department of Literature. His Stock is one of the largest of its kind\nin London, and is being continually augmented by Weekly Importations from\nthe Continent. He has recently published the following Catalogues, either\nof which may be had Gratis, and forwarded anywhere by Post upon receipt of\nFour Stamps:--Classical and Philological Books; Miscellaneous German Books\nand Elementary Works; Theological, Philosophical, and Oriental Books.\n\n270. Strand (opposite Arundel Street), removed from Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, February 22. 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCorrections made to printed original.\n\nContents, \"Groatsworth of Witte\": 'Groathsworth' in original ('Groatsworth'\ntwice in article).\n\npages 130 & 131, \"The Lyars\": 'Lyan' in original.\n\npage 130, \"Margaret Nicholson\": 'Magaret' in original.\n\npage 132, \"which is similarly subject to Venus\": 'smilary' in original.\n\npage 139, \"the first two parts of the Ecclesiastical History\": 'patts' in\noriginal.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 69, February 22, 1851: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":27638}