{"collection":"philosophy-ethics","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_25819/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_25819","id":"gutenberg_25819","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25819","summary":null,"tags":["Buchanan's Journal of Man","Category: Archaeology & Anthropology","Category: Journals","Category: Philosophy & Ethics","Category: Psychiatry/Psychology","Medicine -- Periodicals","Phrenology -- Periodicals","Science -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net\n\n\n\n\n\n               BUCHANAN'S\n             JOURNAL OF MAN.\n\nVOL. I.        MARCH, 1887.       NO. 2.\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS OF JOURNAL OF MAN.\n\n\n  Archtypal Literature for the future.\n  Chapter 1. General Plan of Brain, Synopsis of Cerebral Science\n  Superficial Criticisms, a reply to Miss Phelps\n  Spiritual Phenomenon, Abram James, Eglinton, Spirit writing\n  Mind reading Amusement and Temperance\n  MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE--Pigmies in Africa; A Human\n    Phenomenon; Surviving Superstition; Spiritual test of Death; A\n    Jewish Theological Seminary; National Death Rates; Religious\n    Mediaevalism in America; Craniology and Crime; Morphiomania in\n    France; Montana Bachelors; Relief for Children; The Land and the\n    People; Christianity in Japan; The Hell Fire Business; Sam Jones\n    and Boston Theology; Psychometry; The American Psychical\n    Society; Progress of Spiritualism; The Folly of Competition;\n    Insanities of War; The Sinaloa Colony; Medical Despotism; Mind\n    in Nature\n  Physiological Discoveries in the College of Therapeutics\n  Business Department, College of Therapeutics\n\n\n\n\nTHE ARCHETYPAL LITERATURE FOR THE FUTURE.\n\n\nIf the science of man, the being in whom the spiritual and material\nworlds are fully represented, and in whom both can be studied in their\nrelations, has been fully (though not completely or finally) developed\nby the revelation through experiments, of the functions of the brain,\nthen from the establishment of anthropology there necessarily begins a\nliterary revolution, which not only changes all philosophy, but\nextends through all the realms of literature. There is no realm which\ncan escape the modifying influence of ideas which are at the basis of\nall conceptions of man, of society, of duty, of religion, of art, of\nsocial institutions, of the healing art, education, and government,\nand the new light which psychometric illumination throws upon all\nsciences.\n\nThe literature of the future will therefore differ widely from the\nliterature of the past, and millions of volumes which still hold their\nplaces on the shelves of libraries will in the next century take their\nproper place in the mouldering mass which interests the antiquarian\nalone,--the mouldering mass which universities still cherish, and\nwhich helps to deaden the rising intelligence of the western world.\nLet us, as Tennyson says,\n\n  \"Hope the best, but hold the Present\n  Fatal daughter of the Past.\"\n\nIt is self-evident that the farther back we go for intelligence the\ndeeper we plunge in the darkness of ignorance; and even though\nintuitional and moral truths may be found in the old writings, they\nbelong to a literature imbedded in an ignorance which necessarily\ndarkens all that comes down from such periods.\n\nThe benumbing influence of antiquity--or rather of that extended\nperiod which may be called the Aristotelian age, the age in which all\nphilosophic thought was utterly benumbed by the Greek literature--has\nnot yet passed away. American writers are just beginning to get rid of\ntheir absolute subserviency to foreign models in all things, and in\nthis partial independence they are still subservient to the\nfundamental philosophic and ethical ideas of the past. The change that\nis taking place is only in minor matters.\n\nEven so graceful and able a writer as Longfellow illustrates fully the\ntruth of these suggestions. Mr. Charles F. Johnson, in a well-written\nessay on Longfellow, Emerson, and Hawthorne, says:\n\n\"Most people feel that national temper is of slow evolution; that many\nheterogeneous elements must be fused and blended here; that we too\nmust have a past, and that the spirit of our past must be taken up and\ntransmitted before a new type is realized in a new art and a new\nliterature. We can see that Longfellow was essentially a scholar--a\nreceiver of impressions from books; that he was like an AEolian harp,\nblown upon by many winds, so that his music was in many regards\nnecessarily a melodious echo of what was 'whispered by world-wandering\nwinds.' And we can see, too, that he came into American literary life\njust as it was passing from the germ to the plant, and that every year\nhe became more distinctive.\"\n\nThere is nothing profound in this view, but it expresses well the\naverage thought of the period,--that Americanism in literature must be\nthe very gradual growth of new circumstances, experience, and\nassociations, which may superficially modify the unbroken mass of\nthought which has been transplanted from Europe, just as vines and\nflowers take on their modifications in a new soil and climate.\n\nFar different from this is the view that anthropology gives us. The\nforeign plant, it is true, will gradually change, but a native plant\nwill ultimately take its place by the law of the \"survival of the\nfittest.\" The exotic must die out, for it was but a hothouse plant,\nreared in universities and cathedrals.\n\nThe thought, the science, the philosophy, and even the forms of\nliterary expression, for this continent, will be those which spring\nfrom the bosom of nature, fresh and strong, imbued with the spiritual\nelement of immortality, the element of luminous originality.\n\nHow and whence is this to come? It will come by the complete\nemancipation of the American mind from the thraldom of the false\nphilosophies, the false theologies, and the debasingly narrow\nconceptions of science which have been transplanted into American\ncolleges. When the strong American intellect shall realize that in the\nscience of man and in the cultivation of psychometry there is more of\nenlightenment, of wisdom, and of actual knowledge than in all that\ncolleges cherish to-day, we shall have such a flood of original\nthought and immensely valuable knowledge as would seem impossible to\nthe literati who now have the public ear.\n\nEven the narrowest dogmatists of science are beginning to have a\nglimpse of the nobler knowledge of the future. Prof. Huxley, the most\ndogmatic of British sceptics, has recently said:\n\n\"The growth of science, not merely of physical science, but of all\nscience, means the demonstration of order and natural causation among\nphenomena which had not previously been brought under those\nconceptions. Nobody who is acquainted with the progress of scientific\nthinking in every department of human knowledge, in the course of the\nlast two centuries, will be disposed to deny that immense provinces\nhave been added to the realm of science, or to doubt that the next two\ncenturies will be witnesses of a vastly greater annexation. More\nparticularly in the region of the physiology of the nervous system is\nit justifiable to conclude from the progress that has been made in\nanalyzing the relations between material and psychical phenomena that\nvast further advances will be made, and that sooner or later all the\nso-called spontaneous operations of the mind will have, not only their\nrelations to one another, but their relations to physical phenomena,\nconnected in natural series of causes and effects, strictly defined.\nIn other words, while at present we know only the nearer moiety of the\nchain of causes and effects by which the phenomena we call material\ngive rise to those which we call mental, hereafter we shall get to the\nfurther end of the series.\"\n\nThe \"further end of the series,\" however, is vastly different from\nanything within the mental range of the distinguished professor, whose\nultra materialism led him to revamp the old Cartesian doctrine that\nanimals were only machines, like clocks or mills, running\nautomatically, and destitute of sensation, and intelligence.\n\nThe science and philosophy of the future will be distinguished by\ntheir mastery of the realm of mind, and the closer approximation of\nthe human to the Divine, not only in intelligence, but in ethics.\n\nThe JOURNAL OF MAN, as the first periodical organ of the new\nphilosophy, will attempt gradually to initiate the archetypal forms of\nthought of the coming period, in which the disappearance of old\nphilosophy and ethics shall leave room for growth.\n\nNot that all ethics shall be changed among the civilized races, for\nthere are simple primary and true conceptions which are universally\nrecognized, and are embalmed in all religions. Yet these few universal\nideas are but the rudiments of ethics, and no more constitute an\nethical system worthy of the name, than the four primary processes of\narithmetic constitute a system of mathematical science. The future is\nto evolve the true ethics, and therewith the educational system that\nwill bring the true ethics into all spheres of human life.\n\nIn all past time there has been no ethical system competent to\nestablish a perfectly harmonious social state, and no system of\neducation competent to lift society to a _higher_ life. Education as\nit has been brightens life with literature and art, but does not\n_elevate_ it. The same old element of poverty, misery, disease, crime,\nand insanity marches on, hand in hand with the college and the church,\nas it formerly went hand in hand with the hunting and warring\nbarbarians of the forest. And the dull, blunted conscience of the\ntime, lulled by the softly solemn platitudes of the pulpit and the\nsoulless system of education, rebels not against the old social order.\nIn full view of the past twenty-five centuries, may we not exclaim\nwith Shakespeare's Macbeth:\n\n  \"To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow\n  Creeps on this petty pace from day to day,\n  To the last syllable of recorded time;\n  And all our yesterdays have lighted fools\n  The dusty way to death.\"\n\nBut not to the end of time shall it be. The nineteenth century has\nseen the glimmering dawn of the true civilization. How it came, what\nit is, and what it is destined to realize, the JOURNAL OF MAN will\nattempt to show.\n\n\n\n\nSYNOPSIS OF CEREBRAL SCIENCE.[1]\n\n    [1] Copyrighted, 1887, by Joseph Rodes Buchanan.\n\n\nCHAPTER I.\n\nGENERAL PLAN OF THE BRAIN.\n\n    The brain the centre of life--Its organs not distinctly\n    separated--Its double functions and degrees of\n    energy--Difficulty of nomenclature, chiefly basilar--The\n    pathognomic law--Its application to the brain--The four\n    cardinal directions and four divisions, the coronal, basilar,\n    anterior, and occipital--Their effects on the character and\n    constitution--The method of locating organs--The four\n    groups--The law of antagonism--Its certainty and\n    necessity--Difficulty of expressing it--Correspondence of the\n    English language and the brain--Its limits--Radiating groups\n    of organs--Contrasts of development.\n\n\nThe details of cerebral science will be much more easily understood if\nwe begin with a comprehensive view of the entire plan of the functions\nand structure.\n\nThe brain is distinguished from all other organs by being the source\nof commands which all other organs obey, and being the immediate seat\nof the soul, which has no knowledge of anything occurring in the body,\nuntil a message or impression has reached it through nervous channels.\nThe compression of all the nerves before they enter the cranium and\nconnect with the brain would deprive us of all knowledge of the body,\nand of all sensations or perceptions; and the compression of the brain\nitself would render us totally unconscious, as if dead,--incapable of\neither thought or action. Manifestly, therefore, all the powers of the\nsoul are lodged in and exercised through the brain; and as all\ndistinct nerve structures have essentially different functions, and\nevery different function requires a different structure, it is obvious\nthat the vast variety of our psychic faculties, intellectual,\nemotional, sensitive, passional, and physiological, requires a\ncorresponding multiplicity in the nervous apparatus; and this\nincalculably great multiplicity we find in the brain.\n\nThe crude, mechanical idea that all the organs of the brain should be\ndistinctly marked and separated by membranous walls or obvious changes\nof structure, is very unscientific; for even in the spinal cord, which\nis more easily studied, we do not find such separation between the\nwidely distinct functions of sensibility and motility. Their nerve\nfibres run together undistinguished, and it is only by the study of\npathological changes that we have been able to distinguish the course\nof the motor fibres, which to the most careful inspection are\nindistinguishable from the sensitive.\n\nMoreover, the functions of the brain are not like those of the spinal\ncord, of a widely distinct and opposite character in adjacent fibres,\nbut exhibit a gradual variation, like the blending colors of the\nrainbow. The sensitive or psychic individual who touches any part of\nthe head and feels an impression of the emotional, intellectual, or\nimpulsive function in the subjacent convolution of the brain, will\nfind the impression gradually changing as he moves his finger along\nthe surface, until, after passing half around the cerebrum, he will\nfeel an influence exactly opposite to that with which he started.\n\nAs there are many millions of sensitive persons who are capable of\nreceiving these impressions from the brain, we cannot but wonder at\nthe unanimous _indifference_ (which some may hereafter call stupidity)\nwhich hinders the medical profession and scientists generally from\nbecoming acquainted with such facts, which I have proclaimed and\ndemonstrated until I have grown weary of attempting to instruct wilful\nignorance. Not only does the nervaura, direct from the brain convey\nsuch impressions of organic action, but almost any substance held for\na few moments in contact with any part of the head will absorb enough\nof the local nervaura to convey a distinct impression to a sensitive,\nsimilar to that derived directly from the head.\n\nAlthough the organs of the brain are thus distinct, they are not\ndistinct like the spokes of a wheel, each totally independent of the\nother and fixed or invariable in its own simple character; for all\norgans have double functions, and a great variety in their degree of\nmanifestation.\n\nThe double function is psychic and physiological, or physical. When\nthe action of the brain is confined within the cranium, its action is\npurely psychic; but when its influence passes into the body, it\nproduces physiological effects. As the brain is the seat of the soul,\nits action is essentially and primarily psychic; but as it is the\ncommander of the body, and the source of its spiritual vitality, all\nits conditions or actions affect the body; and hence every organ has\nits dual action, psychic and physiological. Cerebral physiology and\nsarcognomy explain in detail how the brain and the mental conditions\naffect the body; cerebral psychology shows how the brain and soul are\ncorrelated. The purpose of this treatise is to show how the brain is\ncorrelated with both soul and body, giving the principal attention to\nthe former.\n\nIf cerebral organs all have this double function, it is manifestly\nexceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to find any words competent\nto express the double functions, and it will be necessary to adapt our\nnomenclature to expressing the psychic function, leaving the\nphysiological to be expressed otherwise. As the basilar organs act\nmore directly upon the body, their nomenclature will be more\nsuggestive of physiological effects. The organ, for example, of\nalimentiveness or appetite will suggest by its name its relation to\nthe stomach.\n\nThe difficulty of arranging a satisfactory nomenclature for a certain\nportion of the brain, in consequence of the varying energy of organic\naction, is very great, and must be met by using the word which will\nexpress in a general manner the organic tendency, leaving to the\nintelligence of the reader to imagine the variations of intensity. In\nthe greatest energy of organic action the opposite faculty is entirely\novercome, and the conduct becomes abnormal, for normal action implies\nthe harmonious co-operation of all parts of the brain. Nevertheless,\nit is in this abnormal or excessive action that we get the true,\nisolated tendency or function in its naked expression.\n\nFor example, if we refer to that portion of the brain near the mastoid\nprocess, which in its excessive action produces murder, we perceive\nthat as murder is an abnormal action, such a term is not a suitable\nname for an organ, as it would convey the impression that every human\nbeing has a constant murderous impulse, and that the faculty is kept\ninactive when murder is not committed; from which we might infer that\nthe human constitution is badly planned.\n\nStill, it is not to be concealed that murderous violence is the\nultimate result of this organ when unrestrained,--that it is the most\nconspicuous faculty in carnivorous animals, and alas! that it has a\nterrible and at times predominant action in the masculine portion of\nthe human race. Throughout the greater part of ancient history the\nmurderous violence of this faculty has been as conspicuous in the\nhuman race as in the wild beasts. Even to-day, after centuries of\nso-called civilization and religion, no man's life would be safe if\nnot protected by policemen; and the civilized nations, with a skilful\nferocity, devote the major part of their governmental revenues to\npreparations for international homicide as a defence against the\nmurderous impulse in their neighbors, and to watching or controlling\nthe murderers within their own limits; whose homicidal propensities,\nhowever, are not restrained from _mutual homicide_, by agreement, in\nthe warlike form of the duel, which is considered a proper institution\nto cultivate a martial spirit and promote the efficiency of the\narmy,--ay, and even tolerated in the German system of education,\nprovided that life is not actually sacrificed.\n\nMurder is therefore not an improper term to express the consummate\nenergy of this basilar organ, if we at the same time understand its\ngentler manifestations; and Dr. Gall was a faithful student of nature\nwhen he called this faculty the \"carnivorous instinct, or disposition\nto murder,\" for that is the way that it exhibits in animals, and,\nunfortunately, in mankind also.\n\nYet as an element of character, and an organ in the brain, this\nfaculty needs a more general and comprehensive term than murder to\nexpress its ordinary action. It operates as an impelling and modifying\ninfluence in our daily life, giving a certain kind of energy to\nphysical and mental action, as our fruits have a certain degree of\nsweetness in their juices which is not due to crystals of sugar,\nthough if the sweetening element were extracted it would appear in\nthat solid form. Thus the violent impulsive energy which appears in\nour vigorous language, emphatic gestures, ultra sentiments, and\nthreatening expressions, if it could be isolated from its psychic\ncombination, would appear in its isolated purity as an impulse to the\ndestruction of life and everything else that stands before us.\n\nHence the term Destructiveness has been very properly applied to this\norgan by Spurzheim. Yet even this term expresses too much for its\naverage daily action, and Violence, Impulsiveness, or Vehemence would\ncome nearer to expressing its ordinary manifestation.\n\nThe reader will now perceive that the psychic functions of certain\norgans can seldom be adequately expressed by one word, and that three\nwords are required to express fully the moderate, the active, and the\nabnormal manifestations. Fortunately, however, this difficulty of\nnomenclature applies only to that portion of the brain which tends to\nthe abnormal. Man's nobler faculties belonging to the upper region of\nthe brain are essentially good and normal. The abnormal difficulty\ndoes not come into their description.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nIts operation is limited to the region lying around the ears, the\nbasilar region, the tendency of which is to exhaust the spiritual\nvitality of the brain in ministering to the body. This will be clearly\nunderstood when we understand the fundamental law of all cerebral\naction, the law of direction, or\n\n\nPATHOGNOMIC LAW.\n\nThis law is the grandest generalization of science that was ever\nconceived. It is the fundamental law of the relations of the two\nworlds, the psychic and the physical. The spiritual and material\nworlds unite in man, in whom the eternal spirit is combined with a\ntransitory material body, and the law of their interaction is _the law\nof the universe_.\n\nIn its application to man, the law is simply this, that all organs of\nthe brain act in accordance with their position,--in accordance with\ntheir _pathognomic line_, or line of action, which is the line of\ntheir central fibres, the tendency of which is toward the surface of\nthe brain, where they reach the interior of the cranium. It will be a\nsufficient approximation to the mathematical truth if for the present\nwe say that the pathognomic line may be indicated by a perpendicular\nto the surface of the cranium where the organ is located.\n\nWhen we establish the pathognomic line, we establish a perfect\ncriterion of the organic action, for the action is always in\naccordance with the line; and this fundamental law gives a key to all\npsychology, and gives it a geometrical simplicity.\n\nIn accordance with this law, the frontal or intellectual organs act\ntoward the front, and maintain our relations with that which is before\nus. Acting in that manner, they throw out or expend the vital forces,\nand exhaust the energies which belong to the posterior part of the\nbrain and posterior part of the body. The posterior half of the brain\nacts in the opposite direction, and thus draws in, acquires, and\nenergizes. The posterior action impels the body to advance, as the\nanterior portion checks our progress and causes us to yield. Hence if\nwe erect a perpendicular from the ear, we shall find all the energetic\nimpelling faculties behind it, and all that moderates, checks, and\nenlightens before it. Thus the occipital development makes a powerful,\ndomineering, conquering character, as the frontal makes a passive,\nunselfish, yielding one.\n\nHence all organs in proportion to their energy are located nearer to\nthe posterior region of the brain, and in proportion to their delicacy\nor weakness have a more anterior location.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nThere are four classes of pathognomic lines, as there are four aspects\nof the brain, which may be represented on a plane surface, and which\nare sufficient for this incomplete introductory statement--the\nanterior and posterior--the superior or upward, and the inferior or\ndownward. The anterior and posterior tendencies may be separated by\nthe vertical line through the ear. The superior and inferior, or\nupward and downward, may be separated by a nearly horizontal line from\nthe forehead backward, which nearly coincides with the lateral\nventricles that separate the superior and inferior convolutions. The\nlateral ventricles (cavities the walls of which are in contact,) are\nthe central region of the brain around which the convolutions are\nformed. Dividing the brain thus into superior and inferior halves, we\nfind that the major portion of the superior has an upward line which\nis fully expressed at the upper surface of the brain, while the lower\nhalf has downward lines which are most fully expressed on the basilar\nsurface of the brain, which is covered by the face and neck.\n\nIntermediate between these coronal and basilar surfaces are lateral\norgans which participate in the upward or downward tendency as they\napproach the highest and lowest surfaces.\n\nThe tendency of the coronal region is upward, that of the basilar\ndownward. The latter operates downward upon the body, rousing the\nmuscles and viscera to activity, but exhausting the brain and the\nspiritual life. Hence, while they vitalize the body, they are the\nsource of all that is sensual, violent, beastly, and criminal,--all\nthat degrades human nature,--when they become the controlling power,\nwhich is an abnormal condition.\n\nThe coronal organs tend upward; they withdraw excitement from the\nbody, quiet the muscles, and diminish the energy of the appetites and\npassions, while they originate all noble and lofty impulses. Their\ntendency is toward heaven, toward the highest possible condition of\nhumanity, the performance of every duty, the enjoyment of happiness\nand health, the perfection of love and fidelity. They make the life on\nearth resemble the life in heaven, and consequently bring us into\nsympathy with all holy influences. They make religion a reality, and\nproduce a character which we cannot but admire and love. Their\ntendency is to draw life upward from the body to the head and the\nupper part of the chest, and thereby to energize the soul, which has\nits home in the brain, and which is the essential seat and source of\nlife, and is in interior connection with the infinite source of life.\nHence the coronal half of the brain is the home of spiritual life, the\nantagonist of disease, the promoter of longevity, by which the\nharmonious love of the upper world is realized on earth, and that\ndivine quality of the soul which frees it from disease and death is to\na limited extent imparted to the human body.\n\nThe excessive action of the basilar region exhausts the brain,\ndegrades the soul, and thereby impairing the fountain of life and\nhealth, introduces disease and death. Gluttony, drunkenness,\nsensuality, passion, and violent exertion are the processes that\nexhaust the soul power. Excessive and prolonged muscular exertion\nwithout rest exhausts the brain. But the normal action of the basilar\norgans is essential to all the processes of life, and maintains the\nunion of soul and body. Hence their good development is necessary to\nlongevity.\n\nOn the other hand, excessive predominance of the coronal region,\nalthough it heightens the spiritual nature, withdraws life from the\nbody, and culminates in trance, ending in death by the ascension of\nthe soul from the body. But so long as the basilar organs have\nsufficient energy to maintain the connection of the soul with the\nbody, the most powerful action of the coronal region increases the\npower of the brain, the brilliance of the mind, the perfection of the\nhealth, and the moral greatness and power of the person.\n\nThese statements are essentially different from the physiological and\nphrenological ideas heretofore current, but they are sustained by\nuniversal experience, which recognizes the power of heroism, hope,\nreligion, and love to exalt our powers of endurance and achievement,\nwhether intellectual or physical; and they are sustained by the\nrecords of pathology, which show that softening or ulceration of the\nsuperior regions of the brain impairs, paralyzes, or destroys all our\npowers. Moreover, all that I teach on these subjects is but an\nexpression of the formulated results of many thousand experiments\nduring the last forty-five years.\n\nThe simplicity and applicability of these pathognomic laws which\npervade all psychic phenomena are such that they are easily mastered,\nand a single evening devoted to the subject enables my students to\nlocate with approximate correctness nearly all the organs of the\nbrain. The multiplicity of the cerebral organs is somewhat\ndiscouraging to a student at first, but all embarrassment is removed\nwhen the simplicity of the Divine plan is shown.\n\nIn illustrating these principles, we take up a number of faculties\nsuccessively, and determine by their nature what should be their\nlatitude and longitude upon the map. Thus, for example, if Modesty is\nmentioned, students would say it should be above the horizontal line,\nbut not so high as the virtues, and that it should be not among the\nenergies, but among the moderating faculties of the front half of the\nhead. Hence they usually ascertain its true location. If Avarice or\nAcquisitiveness should be considered, they would recognize it as\nentitled to a place below the horizontal line, and also behind the\nvertical line, but neither the lowest nor the most posterior. If\nFirmness is mentioned, they recognize it as entitled to a high place,\nbut behind the vertical line; and thus they seldom make any great\nerror in determining the location of an organ.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nIf we thus go through the catalogue of psychic powers or qualities, we\nobserve finally that the organs are grouped as follows; and this\ngrouping should be impressed upon the memory, as it is easily learned,\nand serves as a basis for the further study of organology. The organs\nin this drawing are not arranged to show their antagonism, but\nantagonism is the most important fundamental principle of cerebral\npsychology.\n\n\nTHE LAW OF ANTAGONISM.\n\nAntagonism or opposition is the universal condition of all that we\nknow. Up suggests down; inward, outward; forward, backward; advance,\nrecession; motion, rest; elevation, degradation; abundance,\ndeficiency; heat, cold; light, darkness; strength, weakness. The same\nantagonism exists in the psychic nature, as in love, hate; hope,\ndespair; courage, cowardice; pride, humility, etc.; and equally in the\nphysiological, as we see in the action of flexor and extensor muscles,\ntheir antagonism being a necessity. If we had only flexor muscles, one\nmotion would exhaust the muscular capacity; when the limb is flexed it\ncan do nothing more; but when the extensor muscle moves it back,\nflexion can be again performed. Thus all vital voluntary action is a\nplay of opposing forces,--the existence of one force rendering\npossible the existence of its opposite. The coronal organs, carrying\nthe soul above the body, would bring the end of terrestrial life, and\nthe basilar organs exhausting the brain would bring to a more\ndisastrous end; but the joint action of the two, like that of flexor\nand extensor muscles, produces the infinite variety of life, which\nmoves on like pendulums, in continual alternation.\n\nMan would be utterly unfit for the sphere that he occupies, if he had\nnot the opposite capacities required by innumerable opposite\nconditions. Physiologically, he requires calorific powers to fit him\nfor cold climates, and cooling capacities to fit him for the torrid\nzone. Morally, he requires warlike powers to meet enemies and dangers,\nas well as affections for the sphere of domestic love. He requires the\nconscious intellect to call forth and guide his powers in exertion,\nand a faculty for repose and recuperation in sleep. He requires self\nrespect to sustain him in elevated positions, and humility to fit him\nfor humble duties and positions. We can conceive no faculty which has\nnot its opposite,--no faculty which would not terminate its own\noperation, like a flexor muscle, if there were no antagonist.\nBenevolence would exhaust the purse and be unable to give, if\nAcquisitiveness did not replenish it; and Avarice unrestrained would\nlose all financial capacity in the sordid stupidity of the miser. Each\nfaculty alone, without its antagonist, carries us to a helpless\nextreme.\n\nThe antagonism of faculties is so self evident a law of nature that if\nDr. Gall had pre-arranged a psychic philosophy in his mind, instead of\nbeing a simple observer of facts, he might have given a very different\naspect to the science. But he arranged no psychic philosophy, and he\ndid not carry his observations far enough to lead him into the law of\nantagonism, and hence left a rude system, lacking in the symmetry and\ncompleteness necessary to give it the position of a complete\nphilosophy.\n\nBut while the law of antagonism should control our psychic studies, it\nis not always convenient to express this antagonism in our\nnomenclature, or to group the functions of all regions of the brain in\nsuch a manner that each group or organ shall exactly correspond to an\nantagonism in another organ; for in expressing the functions of parts\nof the brain we are limited by the structure of the English language,\nand have to make such groups as will be conveniently expressed by\nfamiliar English words,--the words of a language that has grown up in\na confused manner, and was not organized to express the faculties of\nsub-divisions of the brain. Hence, for want of a pre-arranged\nlanguage, with words of accurate definition and exact antagonism, we\ncan only approximate a perfect nomenclature, and must rely more upon\ndescription than upon classification and technical terms.\n\nTechnicality, however, is to be avoided as far as possible.\nAnthropology may need, like other new sciences, new terms for its new\nideas, but the old words of plain English express all the very\nimportant elements of human nature. To the master of anthropology it\nis easy to take any word expressive of an element of human character\nor capacity and show from what convolution, what group of\nconvolutions, or what part of a convolution the quality or faculty\narises which that word expresses. An evening might be profitably spent\nwith a class of students in tracing English words to their cerebral\nsource.\n\nIn expressing the functions of the brain by nomenclature, we are\nentering upon an illimitable science, and must hold back to keep\nwithin the limits of the practicable and useful. The innumerable\nmillions of fibres and ganglion globules in the brain are beyond\ncalculation, and their varieties of function are beyond all\ndescriptive power. Geography does not attempt to describe every square\nmile of the earth's surface, nor does astronomy presume to know all\nthe stars. In reference to the brain, psychic students will hereafter\nsend forth ponderous volumes of descriptive detail, for which there is\nno demand at present. I willingly resign that task to my successors. A\ndescription which portrays the general character of an inch of\nconvolution, or of a half inch square of the finer intellectual\norgans, is sufficiently minute for the purposes of a student. Acting\nupon these views, the following catalogue of psychic functions has\nbeen prepared, which is offered now not for the reader's study, as the\nmultiplicity of detail would be embarrassing, but merely to give a\ngeneral conception of the scope of cerebral psychology, and to show\nhow extensive and apparently intricate a system may, by proper\nexplanation of its principles, be made intelligible to all.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nInstead of attempting to master this catalogue and the psychic busts\nwhich are to be shown hereafter, the reader should approach the\nsubject by familiarizing himself with the profile grouping here\npresented, leaving the catalogue and busts for future exposition.\n\nIf radiating lines are drawn outward from the ear, the _general\ncharacter_ of the groups thus formed is indicated in the drawing. The\ndepartment marked Inspiration extends from the median line as shown to\nthe interior of the hemispheres on the median line. The region of the\nappetites is marked as Sensual Selfishness, the tendency of which is\nantagonistic to that of the region marked Duty.\n\n\nCATALOGUE OF CEREBRAL ORGANS.\n\n1. INTELLECTUAL.\n\n    UNDERSTANDING.--Intuition, Consciousness, Foresight, Sagacity,\n    Judgment, Wit, Reason, Ingenuity, Scheming, Imagination,\n    Invention, Composition, Calculation, Somnolence.\n\n    RECOLLECTION.--Memory (recent and remote), Time, System.\n\n    PERCEPTION.--Clairvoyance, Phenomena, Form, Size, Distance,\n    Weight, Color, Light, Shade, Order, Tune, Language, Sense of\n    Force, Sensibility.\n\n    SEMI-INTELLECTUAL.--Liberality, Sympathy, Expression, Sincerity,\n    Humor, Pliability, Imitation, Admiration, Spirituality,\n    Marvelousness, Ideality.\n\n2. ETHICAL OR MORAL ORGANS.\n\n    Benevolence, Devotion, Faith, Politeness, Friendship, Love, Hope,\n    Kindness or Philanthropy, Religion, Patience or Serenity,\n    Integrity or Conscientiousness, Patriotism or Love of Country,\n    Cheerfulness, Energy, Fortitude, Heroism, Health, Sanity, Caution,\n    Sublimity, Reverence, Modesty.\n\n3. SOCIAL ENERGY.\n\n    Self-respect or Dignity, Self-confidence, Love of Power,\n    Ostentation, Ambition, Business Energy, Adhesiveness,\n    Self-sufficiency, Playfulness, Approbativeness, Oratory, Honor,\n    Magnanimity, Repose, Chastity, Coolness.\n\n4. SELFISH FORCES.\n\n    Arrogance, Familiarity, Fascination, Command, Dogmatism,\n    Combativeness, Aggressiveness, Secretiveness, Avarice, Stolidity,\n    Force, Rivalry, Profligacy, or Lawless Impulse, Irritability,\n    Baseness, Destructiveness, Hatred, Disgust, Animalism, Turbulence,\n    Virility.\n\n5. SENSITIVE AND ENFEEBLING ELEMENTS.\n\n    Interior Sensibility or Disease, Appetite, Relaxation, Melancholy\n    or Sullenness, Insanity, Idiocy, Rashness and Carelessness,\n    Expression.\n\nThe reader should be careful not to attach too much importance to\nclassification or nomenclature. The special descriptions of organs are\nnecessary to a correct understanding.\n\n\nCONTRASTS OF DEVELOPMENT\n\nThe contrast of intellectual development is seen in comparing the\nworld-renowned philosopher Humboldt and the idiot figured by\nSpurzheim. The contrast of coronal and basilar development is seen in\ncomparing the benevolent negro Eustace, who received the Monthyon\nprize for virtue in France with the skull of the cannibal Carib, as\nfigured by Lawrence. As to the coronal or upward development of the\nbrain, there is always a great contrast between untamable wild\nanimals, such as the lion and the eagle, and those of gentle and\nlovely nature, such as the gazelle and the dove.\n\n[Illustration: HUMBOLDT    IDIOT\n               EUSTACE     CARIB\n               GAZELLE     LION\n               DOVE        EAGLE]\n\n\n\n\nSUPERFICIAL CRITICISM.\n\n\nA RESPONSE TO MISS ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS.\n\n    The publication in the Chicago _Inter-Ocean_ of two columns of\n    sharp criticism on the spiritual movement by Miss Phelps,\n    which were widely republished, induced the editor to send the\n    following reply to the _Inter-Ocean_, which was duly\n    published.\n\n\n                                           BOSTON, MASS., Jan. 23.\n\nThe rhetorically eloquent essay of Elizabeth Stuart Phelps on\nspiritualism has been read by the undersigned with that peculiar\npleasure with which we witness an intellectual or psychic _tour de\nforce_ which produces singular results. It is quite an able\nproduction, for the ability of an advocate is measured by his capacity\nto make that which is obviously absurd appear quite rational, and to\ngive to that which is intrinsically small or mean an air of refined\ndignity. Divested of its dignified and delusive rhetoric, what does\nthe lady say or mean in plain, homely English?\n\nShe says that \"cultivated thought\" has a \"slippery surface\" on which\nspiritualism has made \"a clutch,\" and that it has lately made an\n\"encroachment upon scientific attention,\" so that psychical societies\nof distinguished men are \"busying themselves;\" also that spiritualism\nmust be \"made subject to the laws of common sense\" and controlled by\n\"common integrity,\" and if this truth \"is at last materializing before\nthe consciousness of the believers in spiritualistic phenomena some\ngood may come of it.\"\n\nThat a certain style of \"cultivated thought\" familiar in Boston has a\n\"slippery surface\" on which neither religion nor philosophy makes much\nimpression, cannot be denied, and that it is only lately (as she says)\nthat psychical societies of more or less distinguished men have\nallowed spiritual science to encroach on their attention, is very\ntrue. It has always been so. Societies of distinguished men have\nalways been behind the progress of undistinguished men. Neither Harvey\nnor Galvani was honored by societies of distinguished men until the\n\"slippery surface\" of their \"cultivated thought\" was clutched and\ncrushed by the power of a widely diffused truth. As a general rule,\nthe last place in which to find the foremost thought of the age is in\nthe societies of distinguished men, whether they be politicians,\ntheologians, or scientists. Hence it is that phenomena as old as\nhistory itself and of late as thoroughly investigated as any branch of\npositive science have just begun to encroach upon the attention of the\nsocieties to which the lady desires us to surrender our judgment. No\ndoubt they have resisted such encroachments as long as decency would\npermit, and some very able writers think a great deal longer.\n\nAs to the insinuation that \"believers in spiritualistic phenomena have\nonly of late begun to appreciate common sense and common honesty,\"\nwhen these believers count by millions, and include many more eminent\nmen than her infallible psychic societies, the lady has permission to\nwithdraw the charge, for it is obviously only the _lapsus linguae_ of a\ntoo fluent tongue.\n\nAgain she says: \"Which of us would not lay down life itself to know\nthat he had spoken yesterday with the darling of our souls dead years\nago?\" Not one of you! The expression is rather hysterical in its\nintensity. The majority of your ultra-sceptical class would not even\nspend a day or an hour in the pursuit, for you have neglected the\nopportunities which have been open to all the world. You might have\nheld a pair of slates in your own hands, secured in any manner, with\nno pencil between them; might have heard the writing in progress, then\nopened them and recognized the message of your own darling--perhaps\nthe handwriting also. Thousands of modest, honest seekers of truth\nhave done these things. But the Pharisees who talk of heaven and then\nfly from its approach have \"religiously shunned\" them; that is the way\nthey express it, and you are their apologist. But what is your\napology?\n\nYou give a graphic description of a cheap style of dishonest\nmediumship with vulgar surroundings, in which, nevertheless, there are\nwonderful revelations, \"the golden thread of a truth that is worth\nhaving,\" and you suggest that the truth must now be \"garnered\" by a\npsychical research society, intimating that if they do not garner it,\nit will cease to be recognized as truth, and that the mediums must\nbring it all to them for sanction, or cease to be respected by\nhonorable people. Was ever a more unfair and delusive statement made\nby a hired attorney? The grandeur of the theme has not inspired a\nspirit of fairness or justice. The question lies between the eternal\nand holy verities of spiritual science or religious science and the\nconscience of the inquirer. The poor, illiterate, and obscure people\nwho exhibit for a living whatever capacity they may have, have nothing\nto do with it. Would our lady critic select a cheap sign painter to\nrepresent the beauty and glory of art, or the exhibitors of laughing\ngas to illustrate the science of Sir Humphrey Davy, or the\nperformances of an illiterate quack to illustrate the dignity of the\nmedical profession? Is our critic so profoundly ignorant of the\nprogress of psychic science as to think such representations fair or\nallowable?\n\nA science is represented by its leaders, its authors, its teachers,\nnot its camp followers. Examine the writings of Alfred Russell\nWallace, Professor Crookes of London, Epes Sargent, William Howitt,\nProfessor Hare--of Swedenborg, Kerner, Ennemoser, Du Prel, Hellenbach,\nFichte, Varley, Ashburner, Flammarion, Aksakoff, and a score of others\nof the highest rank, and criticize if you can the magnificent\nphilosophy of these and of many an ancient writer. Consider the well\nattested facts and sublime religion that you will find in them, and\nobserve that the facts are a hundred times better attested and a\nthousand times more critically observed than any of those upon which\nthe world's great religions rest, before which our critic reverently\nbows.\n\n[NOTE.--Rev. Henry Ward Beecher is reported to have said in 1860: \"The\nphysiology, the anthropology of the Bible, is highly odic, and must be\nstudied as such. As such it will be found to harmonize with the\ngeneral principles of human experience in such matters in all ages. If\na theory be adopted everywhere else but in the Bible, excluding\nspiritual intervention _in toto_, and accounting for everything\nphysically, then will the covers of the Bible prove but pasteboard\nbarriers. Such a theory will sweep its way through the Bible and its\nauthority, and its inspirations will be annihilated. On the other\nhand, if the theory of spiritual intervention be accepted in the\nBible, it cannot be shut up there, but must sweep its way through the\nwide domain of 'popular superstitions,' as they are called, separating\nthe element of truth on which they are based, and asserting its own\nauthoritative supremacy.\"]\n\nThen if you must for a partisan purpose ignore all this, and select\nobscure people to represent the other side of the question, it would\nbe very easy to find mediumship of a pure and honorable\ncharacter--mediums whom no one visits without carrying away a sweet,\nrefining influence, a stronger faith, and a brighter realization of\nheavenly truths. And there are mediums, too, from whose lips distil a\nlofty eloquence and a remarkable wisdom upon any or all subjects\nproposed, with a flow of extemporaneous poetry or of heavenly music\nwhich has never been equaled under such circumstances by uninspired\nmortals.\n\nBut, forsooth, they must come to a psychic society that the world may\nlearn from their papal infallibility if anything exists at all worthy\nof notice. This is indeed seriously proposed! Well, if a group of\nclergymen in synod assembled should summon all geologists and\nastronomers to come before them and show if there was anything in\ntheir scientific teachings, their heretical, astronomical, and\ngeological doctrines, would any one have responded to the presumptuous\ndemand? Would Airy, Lyell, Miller, Darwin, or the poorest country\nschool master have taken any notice of such a demand?\n\nThe majority of the American Psychical Research Society know vastly\nless of psychic science than clergymen know of geology and astronomy.\nThey have been not inquirers, but obstructionists, assailing those who\ndare to inquire, and the subject, as their friend says, has only\nlately encroached on their attention. The admirable scientific\nexperiments of Professor Hare and Professor Crookes have long since\nsettled the questions which they now propose to take up, and when,\nover forty years ago, I published in my JOURNAL OF MAN the\nincontestable facts then established, and gave their rationale, the\npsychic researchers of to-day were as ignorant as sucking babes of the\nwhole subject. This ignorance is the very _raison d'etre_ of the\nsociety. They don't know if there is anything to be discovered, and\nthey propose to look out. Their failure so far is considered by\nColonel Higginson a proof of their superior wisdom, which means that\nthey are looking for a mare's nest, and have shown their wisdom by not\nfinding it!\n\nLet those who are seeking to enter the freshman class in psychic\nscience assume a little appearance of modesty, and not attempt to set\nthemselves above the old graduates and professors of the university,\nat which they have heretofore been throwing stones like an\nunrestrained mob. This is plain speech, but it is just. Let them begin\ntheir operations by an act of justice--by building a monument to\nProfessor Hare, the noblest of American scientists, and the object of\ntheir persecution.\n\n\"The time has come,\" says our lady critic, \"for mystery to work hand\nin hand with scientific study or to lay aside its claims to scientific\nrespect.\" Very true, very true, indeed, except your chronology; the\ntime has long since gone by. Science has grappled with mystery long\nsince. I can point out, if you wish to see it, the very anatomical\nstructures, the special fibres in connection with which the spiritual\nphenomena are developed. The _modus operandi_ is understood, and the\nfacts have been known some thirty, some a hundred, some several\nthousand years. Among advanced thinkers psychic science is no more a\ndebatable question than the rotundity of the earth or the principles\nof astronomy.\n\nFinally, dear, eloquent lady, your exhortations in behalf of honesty\nare very admirable, indeed, and would be much more admirable if the\nexhortation itself were more fair and honest--if you did not seem to\nsprinkle the reproach of dishonesty over multitudes of honest people\nmore gifted than yourself, with the power to find and clasp the\nholiest truths. If the inferior and less honorable class of mediums\nare now before the public, why is it? It is due solely, dear lady, to\nsuch people as yourself and your psychic society men, and \"fellows of\na baser sort,\" who follow your lead--to those whose censorious and\nsometimes scurrilous hostility against spiritual phenomena has driven\ninto retirement or kept in concealment the most beautiful and holy\nphenomena that were ever known on earth. Angels do not confront the\nhissing mob. But their visits to-day are neither few nor far between.\nIn every bower of perfect spiritual purity they come. Let but this\nbrutal opposition of men and fluent scorn of women cease, and the\nuniversal air will be fragrant as the spiritual beauty now hidden\nshall become a part of our social life, and even the fastidious Miss\nPhelps will be satisfied and delighted.\n\n[NOTE.--Miss Phelps, if she had due respect for her grandfather, the\nRev. Dr. Phelps of Stratford, Conn., ought to be an earnest champion\nof spiritualism, for it was at his house that the most wonderful\nphenomena were realized, when invisible spirits carried on their\npranks with the furniture like human beings. Dr. Phelps was a thorough\nspiritualist, and introduced the spiritual doctrine into his sermons,\nthough exercising the worldly wisdom of not using the word\n_spiritualism_.]\n\n\n\n\nSPIRITUAL PHENOMENA.\n\n\nABRAM JAMES--MAN AND MEDIUM.\n\nIt was in the summer of 1863 that I first met this marvelous medium,\none of the very best in the way of intellectual development that I\never saw. James was born in Pennsylvania, of Quaker parentage. He\ninherited the simplicity, candor, and truthfulness of the sect. He had\nabsolutely no guile in his nature. He had had but six months' common\nschool education, but, possessing considerable natural ability, he had\nto some degree remedied his deficiencies in this particular. He wrote\na fair hand, spelled well and conversed with some facility on ordinary\ntopics, but was absolutely ignorant of any language but his native\nEnglish, and had no knowledge whatever of scientific subjects; this I\nknow to be a fact. James was above the medium height, very thin and\nspare, blonde complexion, light hair and blue eyes--a natural negative\norganization. When I first made his acquaintance he was employed in\nthe yards of one of the railroad companies in Chicago, making up\ntrains, or some employment of that character.\n\nOf James's original development as a medium I know nothing, as I first\nknew him in his abnormal character, in which he was truly marvelous,\nbeing perfectly familiar with all languages, living and dead, and with\nall subjects--religion, science, philosophy, and ethics.\n\nI have heard this man speak and deliver long discourses in German,\nSpanish, Italian, French, Latin, Greek, and other tongues which I did\nnot know. I have taken scholarly linguists in his presence and to them\nhe demonstrated that he spoke in foreign tongues.\n\nI have heard him deliver lectures on a great variety of scientific\nsubjects,--on political economy, theology, and natural philosophy. His\nthought and method of treatment were of the very highest types of\nintellectual ability. Of course James did not profess to do this of\nhimself; he was in fact, wholly unconscious of doing anything. When\nentranced, the controlling spirit would say, for example: \"The Baron\nvon Humboldt will address you this afternoon on the Cosmos.\" Then in a\ndiscourse or lecture of an hour's duration he would give a condensed\nhistory of the origin and development of the world. I remember on one\noccasion he took up the nebular or La Place theory, adopted it as the\ntrue one, and traced the rise and progress of the earth through the\nevolution of matter to its present condition, in a most comprehensive\nand masterly manner. At another time it was said: \"John Quincy Adams\nwill speak to you to-day on the political condition of your country,\"\nand with all the grace, dignity, and eloquence of the famous old\nSenator from Massachusetts when addressing the Senate of the United\nStates, this medium delivered a speech of which Adams himself would\nnot have been ashamed. It was in the war times, and fully embodied the\nsentiments which we know were predominant in Mr. Adams's mind--the\npermanency of the Union and liberty for the slave. It was before the\nemancipation proclamation, but the speaker assured his hearers that\nthe day was close at hand when the oppressed and abused slave should\nwalk out in freedom before all the world.\n\nI remember one very remarkable occurrence. James was entranced by the\nspirit of Michael Angelo, and a lady medium present was controlled by\nRaphael, and these two, partly in Italian and partly in English,\ndiscoursed upon art, painting, architecture, and sculpture in a manner\ncalculated to produce a lasting impression upon the minds of those who\nwere so fortunate as to be witnesses of the scene. The spirits were\nevidently fearful of losing control of the medium, and in their hasty\ndesire to speak constantly interrupted each other, but they referred\nto the great works in which they had been engaged while on the earth,\nand the monuments they had left behind them. I remember Raphael\nparticularly speaking of his last great painting of the\nTransfiguration, which he declared he had left in an unfinished\ncondition in Rome, and which he desired to complete if he only had the\nopportunity. I regret that I am not able at this distant time to give\nfull details of these, their marvelous revelations. I had shorthand\nnotes taken which were afterwards written out, but unfortunately they\nwere all destroyed in the great Chicago fire, in 1871.\n\nJames was also a drawing medium, and as such he executed many fine\npictures. His method of work in this direction was quite beyond the\ncapacity of any human being. He operated with six pencils, three in\neach hand, each pencil doing a separate part of the work at the same\ntime; the consequent rapidity of execution was something wonderful.\nJames once drew a colossal picture of Lincoln, which measured seven\nand one half feet in length. The sheet of paper was laid upon the\nfloor, and upon it, without any outline or measurements, he first made\nan eye, and then in its proper relative position a boot. When the\noutlines were completed, these came into their proper places. The\npicture was a fair likeness of Lincoln, and represented him in the act\nof reading the emancipation proclamation. The pictorial heading of\nyour paper, with its name in the letters as they now stand,\nRELIGIO-PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL, all finished and complete as it is, was\ndone by James in the manner above stated. The engraver who reproduced\nit has not altered one line or mark; yet this man in his natural\ncondition could not draw the outline of a barn.\n\nJames located the first artesian well which was bored in Chicago. He\ndeclared by his clairvoyant sight that a stream of water could be\nfound many hundreds of feet beneath the surface. The boring was done\nand the water found, and this well was the originator of the numerous\nother wells which now supply our parks and factories. James afterward\nwent to the oil regions of Pennsylvania, where he was successful in\nlocating productive oil wells. Since 1869, I have lost sight of him,\nbut wherever he may be he is a marvelous, intellectual medium, and as\nhonest and truthful as the sunlight.\n\n                GEO. A. SHUFELDT, _Religio-Philosophical Journal_.\n\n\nMR. EGLINTON'S MEDIUMSHIP.--A correspondent of the _London Medium_\ndescribes an interview with Mr. Eglinton, in which the following\noccurred. They are not extraordinary to those familiar with spiritual\nfacts. I have held a slate in my own hand in the presence of a medium,\nand received messages on the slate in which every letter was written\nin double marks, as if written with two different colored pencils,\nalthough _no pencil was furnished_ or seen.\n\n    \"Three small pieces of writing-pencil--green, red, and\n    white--were put upon the perfectly clean school slate, and\n    placed under the table as before, with this difference: that\n    G.'s left hand held the slate with Mr. Eglinton, his left\n    being above the table. The slate was now thoroughly rolled\n    about so as to completely displace the pieces of pencil from\n    their previous relations. G. asked aloud that 200 might be put\n    down in _red_; I called for 69 in _green_; and Mr. Eglinton\n    requested that they be added up in _white_. Upon examining the\n    slate, this was found correctly executed. I then took a book\n    at random from a case containing perhaps 300 or 400 volumes.\n    G. wrote down upon the school slate the number of a page, a\n    line, and of a word, which she desired to be transcribed. The\n    slate was turned over, and I placed the book, which had not\n    been opened, across it, resting upon the frame. Under the book\n    I placed a morsel of pencil. The slate, with the book upon it,\n    was then passed under and pressed against the table-top as\n    before. No one but G. was cognizant of what she had written,\n    and, of course, as the book was never out of my possession\n    from the time I took it from its fellows in the case until it\n    was placed with the slate under the table-top, there was no\n    possibility of its pages being scanned. The sound of writing\n    soon occurred, and upon its ceasing we examined the slate,\n    when we found 'P. 7, L. 18, W. 6, Llanwrst.' The other side of\n    the slate contained 'P. 7, L. 18, W. 6,' as written by G. I\n    now and for the first time opened the book, which was 'The\n    Irish Educational Guide and Scholastic Directory,' for 1883\n    and 1884, published by John Mara, 17 Crow Street, Dublin; and\n    upon turning to page 7, line 18, and word 6, the word there\n    printed was 'Llanwrst.'\"\n\n\nSPIRIT WRITING.--The world is full of spiritual phenomena which are\nsuppressed or concealed in consequence of the prejudices instilled\ninto all minds by education and perpetuated by the dogmatism of the\ncollege, the pulpit, the press, and the votaries of Mammon. The _St.\nLouis Globe_ gives a recent example, as follows:\n\n    \"I have known of a great many astonishing things that I can\n    account for in no other way than by supposing that they were\n    brought about by some influence outside of human agency [said\n    a believer in Spiritualism the other day to a St. Louis Globe\n    reporter]. I know a lady--a church member--who makes no\n    pretensions as a fortune teller, clairvoyant, or medium, and\n    who would indignantly resent being called a Spiritualist. This\n    lady takes a pencil in her hand and writes rapidly and\n    legibly, with her arm extended, without looking at the paper\n    or pencil, and gazing in an opposite direction from the work.\n    And this is done in a way that shows no control of her arms in\n    the operation. She writes answers to questions she could not\n    possibly have any knowledge of in a correct and thoroughly\n    truthful way. Even when she is separated from the questioner\n    by a closed door she readily writes out the correct answer to\n    a mental question with no effort of her own. This woman could\n    not be induced to do so for any compensation. I have seen all\n    the performances of the mediums in the way of musical\n    instruments floating around the room in the air, but these are\n    open to doubt. In the case of the lady I speak of, all is done\n    by daylight without any thought of compensation or notoriety.\n    It is a natural endowment, a spiritual control, an unseen\n    influence, and a power outside of our ability to account for.\"\n\n\n\n\nMIND-READING AMUSEMENT.\n\n\nTO THE EDITOR OF THE TRANSCRIPT:\n\nThis amusement may possibly help to attract the indifferent public\ntoward the higher branches of science, which are so much neglected.\nProbably not one in a thousand of those who are attracted to this\nsubject by curiosity has given any attention to that department of\nscience to which mind-reading belongs.\n\nAmericans are not distinguished for reverence. They often rush into\nthe consideration and discussion of subjects with which they have no\nfamiliarity, without pausing to learn whether any investigations have\nalready been made. In matters of mechanical invention attempts are\ncontinually making to achieve what investigation has proved\nimpossible, and a great deal of labor and money are wasted in finding\nby costly experience what is already known, and might have been\nlearned by an hour's attention to recorded science.\n\nThe dabbler in science and invention often fancies himself a\ndiscoverer, asserts his claims, and receives recognition from those\nwho are still more ignorant of the subject than himself. Under this\nhead come the performances of Mr. Bishop and other sciolists who are\nexercising similar powers with similar success.\n\n\"A little knowledge is a dangerous thing,\" said Pope; for the sciolist\nis continually blundering in the false and superficial theories which\nbelong to the first stage of investigation, through which the patient\nstudent of nature has made his way to a full understanding of the\nsubject.\n\nThe sympathetic transference of thought from one mind to another, and\nthe acquisition of knowledge of things either present or remote,\nwithout the aid of the external senses, are phenomena known as far\nback as history has any records. Such phenomena are wonderful and\nmysterious, but not more so than the generation of animal life or the\nappearance of a rainbow in the sky--subjects from which science has\nremoved much of the mystery.\n\nTrans-corporeal or non-sensual perception has also been investigated,\nits laws established, its anatomical and physiological foundation\nexplained, its range of power determined, its vast powers and\nutilities illustrated, and its method of development and culture made\nknown. But of all this the mind-reading sciolists know nothing and\nhave not attempted to learn anything. They are attitudinizing on the\nouter steps of the temple of science, before the gazing multitude,\ninstead of penetrating the interior of the temple, where the multitude\ndo not follow.\n\nThe exhibiting mind-readers start with the assumption that matter does\nall, and that the ample literature in which the powers of the soul are\nrecorded, demonstrated, and explained is unworthy of notice. Thus they\nplace themselves in sympathy with the prevalent ignorance on such\nsubjects, and the dogmatism of a certain class of scientists.\n\nThe dogmatism of this hypothesis cannot be maintained by any careful\nand conscientious inquirer, who knows how to conduct an investigation.\nWhen the psychic faculties are well developed, as they certainly are\nin Mr. Bishop, the inquirer cannot fail to realize that ideas are\ndeveloped by transference in the mind without the slightest\nopportunity of being instructed by muscular movements. Hence Mr.\nBishop finally admits the direct transference of thought from mind to\nmind; but instead of presenting it boldly as a positive and thousand\ntimes demonstrated act, he still leans upon the letter of Dr.\nCarpenter, which represents him as learning the thoughts of others, by\n\"careful study of the indications unconsciously given by the subject.\"\n\nHe confesses that he once stood upon the strictly material hypothesis,\nfrom which he has advanced to the psychic doctrine he now maintains,\nand adds, \"Where I am may be only a stopping, not an abiding, place.\"\nVery true; the remark is honorable to his candor. He should advance a\ngreat deal farther; but he would not have stopped at either position\nif he had taken pains to learn what was already known and published a\nquarter of a century, or even what was known several centuries, before\nhe began.\n\nIf he would even now read Professor Gregory's \"Letters on Animal\nMagnetism\" and the \"Manual of Psychometry,\" published in Boston, he\nmight make a new departure, might understand the vast extent of his\nown powers, which he has not yet developed, and show to those whom he\nhas already astonished that there is much more in the mysteries of\nearth and heaven than their mechanical philosophy has even suspected.\n\n\"Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring,\" was the suggestion of\nPope; and if Mr. Bishop or any of those who have been sipping at this\nfountain of knowledge would call upon me (at 6 James Street, Franklin\nSquare) I would take pleasure in showing them the unsuspected extent\nof their own powers, and showing how thoroughly the questions they are\ninterested in were investigated over forty years ago, to scatter the\nmystery and bring the wonderful and almost incredible powers of the\nmind into correlation with biology and anatomy.\n\nI might show them, too, that mind-readers are not such extraordinary\npersons as they are commonly supposed. There are many millions in the\nworld who can exercise the class of faculties to which mind-reading\nbelongs--a class of faculties long neglected by superficial\nscientists, from the cultivation of which more may be expected for the\nfuture intellectual progress of mankind than from anything else now\nknown to the universities.\n\nI mean no disrespect in styling Mr. Bishop a sciolist (or undeveloped\nscientist). That very sciolism brought him into sympathy with Dr.\nCarpenter and other distinguished gentlemen who would not have\nlistened to him if he had come in any nobler manner, and enabled him\nto open their eyes. Perhaps if he will take another step in advance he\ncan lead the majority of his pupils to a higher position, and thus\nrender a signal service to society. I hope he will have the candor and\ncourage to advance far beyond his present position.\n\n                                              JOS. RODES BUCHANAN.\n\nSince Mr. Bishop's exhibitions have been so successful and profitable,\nseveral others have repeated his performances of telling the number of\na bank note, finding hidden articles, and going through any\nperformance that was enacted during his absence from the hall. Mr.\nMontague, an editor of the _Globe_, Mr. George, Mr. Wilder, and\nseveral others have shown the same powers. A dispatch from St. John,\nNew Brunswick, to the _Herald_ describes a remarkable performance at\nthat place as follows:\n\n    \"ST. JOHN, N. B., Jan. 17, 1887. In a 'mind reading'\n    performance Saturday night, after several examples indoors,\n    the 'reader,' a young man who belongs to this city, asked for\n    an outdoor test. The party separated, one remaining with the\n    reader, and hid a pin in the side of a little house used by\n    the switchman of the New Brunswick railway at Mill Street. In\n    their travels they went over the new railway trestle, a most\n    difficult journey. The reader was blindfolded, and one took\n    his wrist, but at the trestle hesitated, fearing to venture,\n    and was told by the reader to let go his wrist and place his\n    hand on his head. The subject did so, and the reader went upon\n    the trestle. Some of the party suggested that the bandage\n    should be removed, but he told them not to mind, and, the\n    subject again taking his wrist, he went on over the icy and\n    snow-covered sleepers. With a firm step he crossed to the long\n    wharf, went over as far as the mill gates, then quickly\n    turned, retraced his steps and went back to the corner of Mill\n    Street. Here he rested a moment, then again took the subject's\n    hand, and in less than five minutes afterward found the pin.\n    At the conclusion of the test, the reader inquired what the\n    matter had been when they first reached the trestle. It was\n    easily explained. The storm had covered the sleepers with\n    snow, and it was thought dangerous even for a man not\n    blindfolded to cross them. The subject felt anxious for the\n    reader's safety, and hesitated about going across. The tests\n    were most satisfactory.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTEMPERANCE.--\"There has not been a liquor saloon in Hancock County, W.\nVa., for forty years. This accounts for the fact that there is not a\nprisoner in the county jail, and the grand jury failed to find a\nsingle indictment.\"\n\n\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.\n\n\nPIGMIES.--A while ago, says the _Sun_, Mr. Grenfell of the Congo\nMission encountered on the Bosari River, south of the Congo, the Batwa\ndwarfs whom Stanley mentions in \"The Dark Continent,\" though Stanley\ndid not see them. Grenfell says these little people exist over a large\nextent of country, their villages being scattered here and there among\nother tribes. Wissmann and Pogge also met them a few years ago in\ntheir journey to Nyangwe.\n\nIt was long supposed that the story of Herodotus about the pigmies of\nAfrica was mythical, but within the past twenty years abundant\nevidence has accumulated of the existence of a number of tribes of\ncurious little folks in equatorial Africa. The chief among these\ntribes are the Akka, whom Schweinfurth found northwest of Albert\nNyassa; the Obongo, discovered by DuChaillu in west Africa, southwest\nof Gaboon; and the Batwa, south of Congo.\n\nThese little people range in height from 4 feet 2 inches to about 4\nfeet 8 inches. They are intellectually as well as physically inferior\nto the other tribes of Africa. They are perhaps nearer the brute\nkingdom than any other human beings. The Obongo, for instance, wear no\nsemblance of clothing: make no huts except to bend over and fasten to\nthe ground the tops of three or four young trees, which they cover\nwith leaves; possess no arts except the making of bows and arrows, and\ndo not till the soil. They live on the smaller game of the forest and\non nuts and berries. They regard the leopard, which now and then makes\na meal of one of them, as their deadliest enemy. They live only a few\ndays or weeks in one place.\n\nWhen Schweinfurth first met the Akka dwarfs he found himself\nsurrounded by what he supposed was a crowd of impudent boys. There\nwere several hundred of them, and he soon found that they were\nveritable dwarfs, and that their tribe probably numbered several\nthousand souls. One of these dwarfs was taken to Italy a few years\nago, was taught to read, and excited much interest among scientific\nmen. There are other tribes of dwarfs in Abyssinia and also in\nSomaliland.\n\nIt is believed that all these people, including the Bushmen of South\nAfrica, are the remains of an aboriginal population that is now\nbecoming extinct. In the migrations and subjugations that have been in\nprogress for many centuries among powerful tribes, the dwarf tribe of\nAfrica has been scattered, and its isolated fragments are still found\nin widely separated parts of the continent.\n\n\nA HUMAN PHENOMENON.--M. de Quatrefages, the naturalist, has examined a\nreal phenomenon, a Provencal of thirty, named Simeon Aiguier, who had\nbeen presented by Dr. Trenes. Aiguier, thanks to his peculiar system\nof muscles and nerves, can transform himself in most wondrous fashion.\nHe has very properly dubbed himself \"L'Homme-Protee.\" At one moment,\nassuming the rigidity of a statue, his body may be struck sharply, the\nblows falling as on a block of stone. At another he moves his\nintestines from above and below and right to left into the form of a\nlarge football, and projects it forward, which gives him the\nappearance of a colossally stout personage. He then withdraws it into\nthe thorax opening like a cage, and the hollow look of his body\nimmediately reminds one of a skeleton. Aiguier successfully imitates a\nman subjected to the tortures of the rack, as also a man hanging\nhimself, and assumes a strikingly cadaveric look. What most astonished\nM. de Quatrefages was the stoppage of the circulation of the blood,\nnow on the left and now on the right side, which was effected by\nmuscular contraction.--_Boston Transcript_.\n\n\nSURVIVING SUPERSTITIONS.--The once flourishing and wealthy colony of\nGerman Rappites, or Harmonists, who sold out New Harmony, Indiana, to\nold Robert Owen sixty years ago, (where Owen's grand fiasco occurred,)\nand removed to Economy, Pa., held their annual festival on the 15th of\nFebruary in the usual solemn manner. Father Rapp is dead long ago, and\nof the thousand energetic religious and industrious enthusiasts who\nhave been so prosperous in worldly matters, scarcely fifty remain as\nfeeble old men, and their pastor, Father Henrici, is over 83 years\nold; but the honest and worthy old enthusiasts are still waiting for\nthe personal coming of Christ, who, they believe, is to come before\ntheir society dies out, establish his kingdom with his throne on Mount\nSinai, and judge and rule the world. They believe that their beloved\nFather Henrici will never die, but will lead them to the presence of\ntheir Divine Master on Mount Sinai; and he proposes to lead them to\nPalestine, when they have signs of the Lord's approach, that they may\nbe ready to meet him.\n\nThere is a solemn beauty and grandeur in these weird old superstitions\nof good people; but, alas! the Rappites must soon pass away, as the\nGirlingites have expired in England, when Mother Girling could not be\nimmortal.\n\n\nA SPIRITUAL TEST OF DEATH.--John R. Fowler, an old steamboat man, who\ndied at Louisville, in January, 1887, made his wife promise to keep\nhis body three days to see if he would not recover consciousness. On\nthe third day after his death, the doctor and coroner pronounced him\ndead, but his wife sent for a medium, and through her the deceased\nhusband stated that he was dead, and the happiness of spirit life was\nso great that he had no desire to return, but would wait patiently\nuntil his wife joined him.\n\nThe most perfect test of death is by Faradic electricity. As a general\nrule, three hours after death, the muscles entirely fail to respond to\nthe Faradic current. When the muscles cannot be affected, death is\nestablished.\n\n\nA JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.--The community at large is interested\nin a new movement to establish in this city a Jewish theological\nseminary. The objects of investigation contemplated by the projected\ninstitution are the Old Testament in the original Hebrew, the part\nplayed by the Jews in ancient, mediaeval, and modern history, and the\ninfluence exerted upon thought and research by Jewish philosophers.\nThe current knowledge of these subjects is almost wholly derived from\nthe conclusions and opinions of non-Jewish inquirers, and may\ntherefore be presumed to be more or less affected by prejudice. A role\nof such capital importance in civilization as that of the Hebrew\npeople ought to be examined from all sides, and the friends of truth\nwill welcome a systematic study of it from the Hebrew point of\nview.--_N. Y. Sun_.\n\n\nNATIONAL DEATH RATES.--In France, 48 per cent of the deaths are of\npersons over fifty years of age; and what is more remarkable, 25 per\ncent are of persons over seventy years of age. The French present the\nbest showing, except, perhaps, the Irish, of any nation as regards\nlong life. Only about 26 per cent of their deaths are of children\nunder five years. About 6 per cent only are of persons from five to\ntwenty years.\n\nNo nation of Europe is supposed to be more oblivious of sanitary\nscience than the Irish, and yet a far greater percentage of the people\nof Ireland than of any other people, except the French, live to and\nbeyond the age of seventy years. Nearly five in 100 of the deaths are\nof persons over eighty-five years of age! Only about 35 per cent of\nthe deaths are of persons under twenty years of age. About 42 per cent\nof the deaths are of persons over fifty-five years. One half almost of\nthe deaths are of persons over forty-five years. In England and Wales\nonly 33 per cent of the deaths are of persons over forty-five years,\nwhile in the United States only 30 per cent are of persons over forty\nyears of age.--T. S. Sozinksey, M. D., in _Scientific American_.\n\n\nRELIGIOUS MEDIAEVALISM IN AMERICA.--Twelve miles from Dubuque, Ia.,\nthere stands in grim isolation, upon a blackened and desolate prairie,\na monastery of the fifteenth century pattern. Every morning at 2\no'clock the monks who occupy this lugubrious dwelling-place arise from\nthe hard planks which serve them in lieu of beds, and pray in wooden\nstalls, so constructed as to compel them either to stand or kneel.\nTheir devotions completed, the next duty is for each to go into the\nyard and dig a part of his own grave, and when they have it once\ncompleted, they fill it up again, and repeat the operation\nindefinitely throughout their lives. They are not permitted to speak\nto each other except by special dispensation, which is very rarely\ngiven except at the close of a meal, when each one says to the other\n\"Memento mori\"--remember that you are to die. The system resembles, in\nall essential respects, that of the Indian fakirs and other religious\nenthusiasts who believe that the only way to please God is to make\none's self as miserable as possible.--_Herald_.\n\n\nBUDDHISM IN AMERICA.--A high caste Brahmin, Mohini Mohun Chatterjee,\nhas arrived in the United States at New York, who has been teaching in\nEngland and on the continent. He has the approval of the brotherhood\nin Thibet, and has a high intellectual reputation. The JOURNAL will\nendeavor to discuss this subject hereafter. Buddhism is much nearer\nthan Christianity to modern agnosticism, but it embodies fine moral\nteaching, and is free from intolerance. Mohini represents, it is said,\n\"that his visit to this country is simply in the capacity of an agent,\nsent by the divine Mahatmas to enlighten a materialistic barbarism\nwith the spiritual wisdom--religion of the East. He represents a\nmovement which has for its object the uniting of the East and West in\nthe acceptance of a universal faith. An attempt was at first made to\ninterest people in the subject by laying some stress upon the minor\nphenomena of occult science. Unfortunately, such wonders attracted\ndisciples who cared more for thaumaturgy than for doctrine, and these\nfell away as soon as they discovered that the object in view was not\nthe production of marvels. The new world has riches, and the old world\nhas ideas. It would be to the advantage of both if an exchange could\nbe effected. The Asiatic philosophers teach that all religions are the\nexpressions of the Eternal Verity. Life is ephemeral, they say, its\nchief value consisting in the opportunities it affords of doing good\nand making others happy.\"\n\n\nCRANIOLOGY AND CRIME.--The _British Medical Journal_ presents at some\nlength the results arrived at by Prof. Benedict, in his examination of\nthe brains of criminals--some sixteen in all. Every one of these, in\ncomparison with the healthy brain, proved to be abnormal. Not only,\ntoo, has he found that these brains deviate from the normal type, and\napproach that of lower animals, but he has been able to classify them,\nand with them the skulls in which they were contained, in three\ncategories.\n\nFirst, absence of symmetry between the two halves of the brain;\nSecond, an obliquity of the interior part of the brain or skull--in\nfact, a continuation upward of what is usually termed a sloping\nforehead; third, a distinct lessening of the posterior cerebral lobes,\nso that, as in the lower animals, they are not large enough to hide\nthe cerebellum. In all these peculiarities, the criminal's brain and\nskull are distinctly of a lower type than those of normal men.\n\nThat a diminution of the posterior lobes should be recognized as a\nmark of inferiority, does not harmonize with the old ideas of\nphrenology. Nevertheless, it is true that a good development of the\nposterior part of the brain is essential to the superiority of man\nover animals.\n\n\nMORPHIOMANIA IN FRANCE.--In the course of the last few years the\ndisease which the doctors call morphiomania has made formidable\nheadway all over France. In the capital its victims almost rival those\nof alcoholism. At Bellevue a great hospital has been opened for the\ncare, and, if possible, for the cure of these patients. The disease in\nits present form is necessarily but of recent origin. Morphia itself\nwas only discovered in the year 1816. The cure of it is very rare. It\nis found that both the use and the deprivation of the drug lead the\nvictims almost inevitably to suicide, and at Bellevue there are\ncushioned rooms for some of the patients and a constant watch kept on\nall. One is not surprised to hear that the chief sufferers are women.\nAfter women come doctors. Very many Parisian women carry about with\nthem a small ivory syringe. In this delicate toy is contained morphia,\nand it may often be remarked how ladies at convenient opportunities\ntake out this little trinket and give themselves a prick in the arm or\nwrist with it. But ere long these little pricks no longer suffice to\nstimulate the nerves of the votaries of the habit--the dose is too\nsmall. Then it is necessary to have recourse to recently established\nmorphine institutes, where old women, under the name of\n\"morphineuses,\" carry on their profession, and give the Parisian dames\npricks in the arm and breast, according to all the rules of the art.\n\n\nMONTANA BACHELORS.--There are no less than 30,000 bachelors in\nMontana, and every single one of them is in need of and anxious to get\na wife, writes a correspondent of the _New York Times_. These\nentertaining young fellows and would-be benedicts have no time to go\ncourting themselves, and so, much of that thing is done by proxy. They\nare entirely too busy amassing fortunes, either at sheep herding,\ncattle growing, or mining, in which at least fifty per cent of them\nare bound to become millionaires sooner or later. There is the\ngreatest possible need in Montana for young girls and maidens, old\nwomen, and old maids, too, for that matter, each and every one of whom\nwould fill a long-felt want. Domestics are in high demand. As servant\ngirls they can command wages here that would give them comfortable\ncompetences in a short time, with very little offered in return. But\nthe trouble with the girls who come out in this way looking for a job\nis that none of them remain in service for any length of time. They\nare soon gobbled up by young fellows in search of a wife.\n\n\nRELIEF FOR CHILDREN.--A very beneficent action is now required by law\nin Germany and Switzerland, by which holidays are obligatory in all\npublic and private schools when the temperature reaches a certain\nheight. These heat-holidays are called _hitzlenien_, and are worthy of\nadoption in other schools. In Basle new regulations have just been\nissued concerning heat-holidays. When the temperature rises to\nseventy-seven degrees in the shade at ten o'clock in the morning,\nholiday is to be proclaimed to the scholars until the afternoon. Two\nsuch holidays were proclaimed during a recent hot week, to the no\nsmall delight of the boys and girls. It would be equally beneficent to\ndismiss the schools whenever, for any reason, the temperature of the\nschoolroom could not be kept up to sixty-five degrees.\n\n\n\"THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE.\"--The atrocities of landlordism in Ireland,\nevicting the poor in midwinter, tearing down their cabins, and burning\ntheir roofs to drive them out, have excited horror in England, and\nsympathy for the Irish.\n\n\nCHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN.--The Rev. Mr. Harris has expressed the opinion\nthat in ten or twenty years Christianity might become the national\nreligion of Japan, as the heathen temples are going into decay. If it\ndoes, Christianity will be as much benefited by it as the Japanese.\nThe cast iron theology of the Anglo-Saxon race will not suit the\nJapanese. The works of agnostic scientists and liberals have already a\nstrong hold on the Japanese. The Christianity of the past will have to\nbe reformed and ameliorated to suit Japan. They will never appreciate\nthe theology of the Andover creed, which has been versified as follows\nby _Puck_:\n\n  \"There is a place of endless terror\n  Prepared for those who fall in error,\n  Where fire and death and torture never\n  Cease their work, but rule forever;\n  To this dark cave, for Adam's sin,\n  Must all his children enter in.\n  But the all-merciful Creator\n  Took pity on the fallen traitor,\n  Prepared a narrow path of pardon\n  That led to heaven's happy garden;\n  And, lest mankind prefer to sin,\n  _Predestined some_ to walk therein.\n  But millions still in error languish,\n  Doomed to death and future anguish,\n  Who ne'er had heard of Adam's sin,\n  Nor of the peril they are in;\n  Who know not of the way of pardon,\n  Nor of the fall in Eden's garden.\n\n  \"This, my friends, is the Andover creed;\n  Put it aside for the time of need!\n  In the hour of grief and sorrow\n  From it consolation borrow;\n  When your dearest friends are dying,\n  Read it to the mourners crying;\n  Teach it to the tender maiden,\n  To the man with sorrow laden;\n  Teach it to the timid child,\n  Watch its look of horror wild,\n  Note the half-defiant fear,\n  Flushing cheek and pitying tear;\n  Teach it to the broken hearted,\n  From their loved ones newly parted;\n  Show them that their pride and beauty--\n  Type of love and filial duty--\n  This, their darling, whom they cherished,\n  Has in hell forever perished,\n  All because of Adam's folly!\n  'Twill drive away your melancholy.\n  A wonderful thing is the Andover creed,\n  Put it aside for the hour of need!\"\n\n\nTHE HELLFIRE BUSINESS.--This expression is homely English, and such\nlanguage is best in describing _horrible realities_. The managers of\nthe American Board (sturdy champions of hell) have been compelled by\npublic opinion to let Mr. Hume go back to India as a missionary,\nthough he will not agree to send all the heathen to hell. To keep up\ntheir dignity, however, they represented Mr. Hume as having backed\ndown, and compelled him to show that he had not. Since passing Mr.\nHume they have refused to allow Mr. Morse to go on the same terms,\nbecause he will not insist on the absolute _certainty_ that the\nheathen are all in hell. The _Boston Herald_ says the Board's moral\nobliquity is a puzzle to honest people.\n\n\nREV. SAM JONES AND BOSTON THEOLOGY.--The _Herald_ says: \"Brother Sam\nJones and Brother Sam Small do chiefly limit themselves to the simple\nthings of the gospel, and have less theology to the square inch than\nthe average of ministers, as Brother Sam Jones would express it. But\nthey are hardly fitted for this field, we should say.\"\n\nPerhaps the following extracts from Rev. Samuel's sermons explain his\nrelations to Boston. Before an audience of 7,500 he said, \"There are\n100,000 people in twenty different states praying that I may succeed\nin arousing Boston to a sense of her moral and spiritual degradation.\n\n    \"I love to live in the world, but not to be troubled with\n    creeds. I know I am on dangerous ground here in Boston when I\n    am on creeds, for a fellow could get up a fight here on that\n    question quicker than he could on stealing.\"\n\n    \"Whiskey is the worst enemy God or man ever had, and the best\n    friend the devil ever had.\"\n\n    \"We have got sentiment enough to put whiskey out of Boston.\"\n\n    \"You have enough church members in Boston to vote the whiskey\n    out of Boston any morning before breakfast.\"\n\n    \"It is every preacher's duty to denounce the things of hell\n    just as much as it is to preach the beauty of Christ.\"\n\n    \"I know you denounce drunkenness, but how few pulpits pull out\n    their dagger and stab it.\"\n\n    \"God has not lost his power, but the pulpit has lost its\n    voice.\"\n\n    \"Boston had a fire once, but that does not hurt you half as\n    much as the fire of damnation that is smouldering in the\n    hearts of people of this town.\"\n\n    \"I don't know what will become of my converts if I leave them\n    in Boston.\"\n\nThe greatest religious work that has been done in Boston, is that of\nJones and Small. Every hall they occupied was crowded, and at mid-day\nin the week they filled Fanueil Hall.\n\n\nPSYCHOMETRY.--The entire pages of the JOURNAL OF MAN would be\ninsufficient for the presentation which this subject demands, and for\nthe present readers must be content with the \"Manual of Psychometry.\"\nThe article designed for this number must be postponed until April,\nafter which it will receive more attention.\n\n\nTHE AMERICAN PSYCHICAL SOCIETY, poor thing, is in a bad way. It needs\nnourishment, warmth, and interested attention, to prevent it from\ndying of a compilation of infantile maladies which arise from bad\nnursing. The chief nurse, Professor Newcomb (president), gave the\nbantling an _ice-bath_ in January (his presidential address), and this\npractically puts the thing in its coffin. We have never had high\nanticipations of the usefulness or continued existence of this\norganization. It is a queer proceeding to throw a new-born baby on a\nrubbish-heap, and leave it there, while its parents walk around _on\nstilts_ to look at it. The British society is glowing with warmth\ncompared with the state of its American cousin. It is clear that the\npsychical knowledge which the society desires to obtain will never\ncome to it under its present management; indeed, we are inclined to\nthink no society under any management can obtain satisfactory\nknowledge of the kind which is sought. It must be obtained in\n_private_, under conditions far different from any which can be\nsecured in organizations, where men act together with diverse views\nand opinions.--_Pop. Sci. News_.\n\n\nPROGRESS OF SPIRITUALISM.--In all European countries, Spiritualism is\nmaking rapid progress. In England, the eloquent and distinguished\nlecturer, Mrs. Emma Hardinge Britten, says in a recent letter to the\n_London Medium_ that \"Spiritualism in England is not only on the\nincrease, but has already take too deep and earnest a hold of the\npublic heart, up here in the north, to be uprooted by imbecile\nantagonism, or even marred by the petty shams of imposture. In places\nwhere I have been told it was recently difficult to collect together a\nscore of people to listen to spiritual lectures, the largest halls are\noften found insufficient to accommodate my Sunday evening audiences,\nand the spoken blessings and thanks that follow me, as well as the\nfloods of inquiring letters that besiege me, bear ample testimony to\nthe fact, that the seed sown has not all fallen on stony places.\"\n\nIts progress is rapid in Italy, Spain, Norway, Denmark, and Russia,\nand is steadily onward in France and Germany. On our Pacific Coast,\nthe _Golden Gate_ says, \"it is advancing with grand strides.\" In the\nEastern States it is obtaining a much needed purification by\ndiscussing the genuineness of the phenomena.\n\n\nTHE FOLLY OF COMPETITION.--We live under a ruinous system of\n_competition_ instead of _co-operation_, in which the weakest sink\ninto poverty, beggary, disease, crime, and suicide. Every day the\nhorrors of our social system are recognized and commented on, but how\nlittle is done, and how little thought for its amendment. According to\n_Bradstreet_, during the first six weeks of this year the loss of\nwages by strikers has amounted to _three millions of dollars_. This\ndamage falls on those who cannot afford it, the most of whom find\nthemselves in a worse and more hopeless condition in consequence of\nthe strike, if not entirely out of employment. It has been a matter of\ncomparatively little importance to the parties against whom the\nstrikes were made. The JOURNAL will pay some attention to the remedial\nmeasures which are being introduced.\n\n\nINSANITIES OF WAR.--Senator Vest recently stated to the Senate that\n\"there was not in the history of the civilized world a page of\nmaladministration equal to that of the Navy Department of the United\nStates since 1865.... There had been expended for naval purposes since\nthe close of the war over $419,000,000.\" Query: How much over\n$5,000,000 would it all bring if sold out to-day? Would it bring that\nmuch?\n\n\nTHE SINALOA COLONY has had too great an influx already, and Mr. Owen\npositively prohibits any more arrivals. If any more come they will not\nbe received until due preparation has been made. The colony has a\nsplendid harbor in a delightful climate, and large tracts of fertile\nland, capable of producing everything belonging to semi-tropical and\ntemperate climates.\n\nOther attempts by societies to solve the great social question are\nbeginning. A society with the same objects and principles as the\nSinaloa colony is now organizing to found a colony in Florida on the\nmargin of a beautiful harbor.\n\nAnother scheme has been proposed by a company of Chicago Knights of\nLabor, who \"have gone to Tennessee to found a co-operative colony. The\npurpose is the establishment of a manufacturing community in which the\nrule shall be 'eight hours and fair wages,' and the spot chosen is\nrepresented as a salubrious table land of 120,000 acres, 2,000 feet\nabove sea level, abounding in iron, timber, and limestone. Here it is\nintended to set up an iron furnace, a nail factory, and the sash,\ndoor, and blind industry, to build 200 houses within 30 days, put up a\ncity hall, public school and engine house at once, and secure\nincorporation as a city within two weeks. They have begun to sell\nchoice locations at $7 to $10 per acre.\"\n\n\nMEDICAL DESPOTISM. The bill which has been introduced into the Rhode\nIsland Legislature for the suppression of independent physicians by\nconfining all practice to those licensed by a medical board, is so\ngreat an outrage on common sense and justice, that it meets with\nstrenuous opposition. The editor of the JOURNAL made an address in\nopposition to the bill in the hall of the House of Representatives on\nthe sixteenth of February, occupying about an hour and a half, showing\nthat the proposed legislation was more despotic and unjust than the\nlaws under European despotisms. The _Providence Star_, in reporting\nthe address, spoke of it as the most eloquent ever delivered in the\nHouse on any subject.\n\n\n\"MIND IN NATURE,\" the best monthly publication of its kind in the\nworld and the nearest approach in its character to the JOURNAL OF MAN,\nhas just expired at Chicago after issuing two volumes. A few bound\ncopies may be obtained at $1.25 per single volume, or $2.25 for two\nvolumes, by addressing the editor, J. E. Woodhead, Chicago.\n\n\n\n\nPHYSIOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES IN THE COLLEGE OF THERAPEUTICS.\n\n\nThe resolutions of my most recent class in Boston are the same in\nspirit as have been expressed during forty years, and will no doubt be\nexpressed again by my students in May, 1887. They not only know the\ntruth of the science but recognize sarcognomy as \"the most important\naddition ever made to physiological science by any individual,\" and\ntheir testimony was based on their own personal experience. To the\nstudents of sarcognomy this is a familiar idea, but to others some\nexplanation may be necessary.\n\nWhat are the greatest discoveries in physiology? Common opinion would\nmention as the foremost the action of the heart in circulating the\nblood,--a discovery not originated but consummated by Harvey; and yet\nthe discovery is of so simple and obvious a nature that we wonder now,\nnot so much at the ability manifested in the discovery, as at the\nstupidity which permitted it to remain so long unknown, and even to be\ndenied and ridiculed when published. Harvey's work on the generation\nof animals entitled him to a higher rank as a pioneer in science than\nhis theory of the circulation.\n\nA far greater discovery was that of Dr. Gall, which embraced not only\nthe anatomy but the functions of the brain as a mental organ--a\ndiscovery twenty times as great, whether we consider the superior\nimportance of the brain, or the greater investigating genius necessary\nto the discovery. It easily ranks at the head of the physiological\ndiscoveries of the past centuries.\n\nNext comes the discovery of the motor and sensory roots of the spinal\nnerves by Majendie and Bell, which did not, as commonly supposed,\ninclude the motor and sensory of the spinal cord. This was a small\ndiscovery compared to Gall's, but not inferior to Harvey's discovery\nof the cardiac function.\n\nA fourth discovery, perhaps of equal rank, was the discovery by\nHarvey's contemporary, Aselli, of the lacteals that absorb the chyle.\n\nA fifth discovery or discoveries of importance was that of the\ncorpuscles of the blood, and the Malpighian bodies of the kidneys, by\nMalpighi.\n\nA sixth discovery, considered more important and occupying a larger\nspace in medical literature, is the cell doctrine of Schwann, a\ndoctrine still under discussion and by no means a finality.\n\nAnatomical science has few first class discoveries. Anatomy has been a\ngrowth of observation and description--not discovery. Vesalius and\nEustachius may be considered the fathers of modern anatomy, and the\nname of the latter is immortalized by the Eustachian tube, which he\nfirst recognized and described. But the Fallopian tubes, named after\nFallopius, were not his discovery. They had been described long before\nby Herophilus and others. Eustachius was nearly two centuries ahead of\nhis age in anatomy, and should be gratefully remembered as a\nstruggling scientist. His valuable anatomical works, which he was too\npoor to publish, were published one hundred and forty years after his\ndeath, by Lancisi.\n\nFrom this brief glance at the discoveries of Eustachius, Harvey,\nAselli, Malpighi, Gall, Majendie, and Schwann, it is apparent that but\none physiological discovery on record is sufficiently important in its\nnature and scope to be compared with sarcognomy, which comprehends the\nrelations of soul, brain, and body. What is their relative value?\nGall's discovery embraced about one half of the psychic functions of\nthe brain, with nothing of its physiological functions. Sarcognomy, on\nthe contrary, embraces the entire mass of cerebral functions to\nconnect them with corresponding functions in the body. It presents in\none complete view the psychic powers in the soul operating in the\nbrain, and extending their influence into the body; and on the other\nhand, the physiological powers of the body, operating through the\nbrain, and by definite, intelligible laws acting upon the soul--a vast\nsystem of science, based on anatomical facts, but evolved by\nexperiment, to which no single volume could do justice. Its medical\napplications alone, concisely presented in thirty lectures, would make\na volume of four hundred pages.\n\nIt is not, like the phrenological system of Gall, a mental doctrine\nonly, but, combining psychology, physiology, and pathology, goes to\nthe foundations of medical science, of health, disease, and cure, as\nwell as the foundations of all spiritual science, and originates new\nsystems of magnetic and electric practice. It is manifest, therefore,\nthat no biological discovery now on record occupies more than a\nfraction of the vast area occupied by Sarcognomy, and being a\ndemonstrated science, in the opinion of all who are acquainted with\nit, it needs only sufficient time to circulate the works upon the\nsubject now in preparation (the first edition of \"Therapeutic\nSarcognomy\" having been speedily exhausted), and sufficient time to\novercome the mental inertia and moral torpor that hinder all progress,\nand even war against the million times repeated facts of spiritual\nscience. The warfare against all new truth will be continued until the\npeople demand that our colleges, the castles of antiquated error,\nshall conform to the spirit of progressive science.\n\n\n\n\nBUSINESS DEPARTMENT.\n\n\nThe BUSINESS DEPARTMENT of the Journal deserves the attention of all\nits readers, as it will be devoted to matters of general interest and\nreal value. The treatment of the opium habit by Dr. Hoffman is\noriginal and successful. Dr. Hoffman is one of the most gifted members\nof the medical profession. The electric apparatus of D. H. Fitch is\nthat which I have found the most useful and satisfactory in my own\npractice. Bovinine I regard as occupying the first rank among the food\nremedies which are now so extensively used. The old drug house of B.\nO. & G. C. Wilson needs no commendation; it is the house upon which I\nchiefly rely for good medicines, and does a very large business with\nskill and fidelity. The _American Spectator_, edited by Dr. B. O.\nFlower, is conducted with ability and good taste, making an\ninteresting family paper, containing valuable hygienic and medical\ninstruction, at a remarkably low price. It is destined to have a very\nextensive circulation. I have written several essays in commendation\nof the treatment of disease by oxygen gas, and its three compounds,\nnitrous oxide, per-oxide and ozone. What is needed for its general\nintroduction is a convenient portable apparatus. This is now furnished\nby Dr. B. M. Lawrence, at Hartford, Connecticut. A line addressed to\nhim will procure the necessary information in his pamphlet on that\nsubject. He can be consulted free of charge.\n\n\nDr. W. F. Richardson of 875 Washington Street is one of the most\nsuccessful practitioners we have, as any one will realize who employs\nhim. Without specifying his numerous cases I would merely mention that\nhe has recently cured in a single treatment an obstinate case of\nchronic disease which had baffled the best physicians of Boston and\nLowell.\n\n\nDr. K. MEYENBERG, who is the Boston agent for Oxygen Treatment, is a\nmost honorable, modest, and unselfish gentleman, whose superior\nnatural powers as a magnetic healer have been demonstrated during\neighteen years' practice in Washington City. Some of his cures have\nbeen truly marvelous. He has recently located in Boston as a magnetic\nphysician.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCollege of Therapeutics.\n\nThe large amount of scientific and therapeutic knowledge developed by\nrecent discoveries, but not yet admitted into the slow-moving medical\ncolleges, renders it important to all young men of liberal minds--to\nall who aim at the highest rank in their profession--to all who are\nstrictly conscientious and faithful in the discharge of their duties\nto patients under their care, to have an institution in which their\neducation can be completed by a preliminary or a post-graduate course\nof instruction.\n\nThe amount of practically useful knowledge of the healing art which is\nabsolutely excluded from the curriculum of old style medical colleges\nis greater than all they teach--not greater than the adjunct sciences\nand learning of a medical course which burden the mind to the\nexclusion of much useful therapeutic knowledge, but greater than all\nthe curative resources embodied in their instruction.\n\nThe most important of these therapeutic resources which have sometimes\nbeen partially applied by untrained persons are now presented in the\nCollege of Therapeutics, in which is taught not the knowledge which is\nnow represented by the degree of M. D., but a more profound knowledge\nwhich gives its pupils immense advantages over the common graduate in\nmedicine.\n\nTherapeutic Sarcognomy, a science often demonstrated and endorsed by\nable physicians, gives the anatomy not of the physical structure, but\nof the vital forces of the body and soul as located in every portion\nof the constitution--a science vastly more important than physical\nanatomy, as the anatomy of life is more important than the anatomy of\ndeath. Sarcognomy is the true basis of medical practice, while anatomy\nis the basis only of operative surgery and obstetrics.\n\nIndeed, every magnetic or electric practitioner ought to attend such a\ncourse of instruction to become entirely skilful in the correct\ntreatment of disease.\n\nIn addition to the above instruction, special attention will be given\nto the science and art of Psychometry--the most important addition in\nmodern times to the practice of medicine, as it gives the physician\nthe most perfect diagnosis of disease that is attainable, and the\npower of extending his practice successfully to patients at any\ndistance. The methods of treatment used by spiritual mediums and \"mind\ncure\" practitioners will also be philosophically explained.\n\nThe course of instruction will begin on Monday, the 2d of May, and\ncontinue six weeks. The fee for attendance on the course will be $25.\nTo students who have attended heretofore the fee will be $15. For\nfurther information address the president,\n\n        JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN, M. D.\n                6 JAMES ST., BOSTON.\n\nThe sentiments of those who have attended these courses of instruction\nduring the last eight years were concisely expressed in the following\nstatement, which was unanimously signed and presented to Dr. Buchanan\nby those attending his last course in Boston.\n\n\"The undersigned, attendant upon the seventh session of the College of\nTherapeutics, have been delighted with the profound and wonderful\ninstructions received, and as it is the duty of all who become\nacquainted with new truths of great importance to the world, to assist\nin their diffusion, we offer our free and grateful testimony in the\nfollowing resolutions:\n\n\"_Resolved_, That the lectures and experiments of Prof. Buchanan have\nnot only clearly taught, but absolutely demonstrated, the science of\nSarcognomy, by experiments in which we were personally engaged, and in\nwhich we cannot possibly have been mistaken.\n\n\"_Resolved_, That we regard Sarcognomy as the most important addition\never made to physiological science by any individual, and as the basis\nof the only possible scientific system of Electro-Therapeutics, the\nsystem which we have seen demonstrated in all its details by Prof.\nBuchanan, producing results which we could not have believed without\nwitnessing the demonstration.\n\n\"_Resolved_, That Therapeutic Sarcognomy is a system of science of the\nhighest importance, alike to the magnetic healer, to the\nelectro-therapeutist, and to the medical practitioner,--giving great\nadvantages to those who thoroughly understand it, and destined to\ncarry the fame of its discoverer to the remotest future ages.\"\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n            The \"Chlorine\" Galvanic and Faradic Batteries.\n\n                       APPARATUS AND MATERIALS.\n\n  Description, Prices, and Testimonials Mailed Free, on Application.\n\n\n                     6 JAMES ST., BOSTON, MASS., February 8, 1886.\n\nD. H. FITCH, Cazenovia, N. Y.:\n\nDEAR SIR: Your last letter has a valuable suggestion. Your\nCarbon Electrodes ARE the very best now in use, and Metallic\nElectrodes are objectionable from the metallic influence they impart,\neven if no metal can be chemically traced into the patient.\n\n                                             J. R. BUCHANAN, M. D.\n\n\n                                      AURORA, ILL., Dec. 24, 1886.\n\nD. H. FITCH, Cazenovia, N. Y.:\n\nI am very glad to inform you that the battery which I purchased from\nyou seven months ago is better than you represented it, and works as\nwell to-day as it did on the first day.\n\nThe cells have not been looked at since they were first placed in the\ncabinet. The battery is always ready and has never disappointed me.\n\n                                           Resp'y yours,\n                                                H. G. GABEL, M. D.\n\n\n                                  WORCESTER, MASS., Aug. 10, 1886.\n\nD. H. FITCH, Cazenovia, N. Y.:\n\nDEAR SIR: Over a year ago, as you will remember, I bought of\nyou one of your \"Chlorine Batteries\" of twenty-five cells. This I\nplaced in the cellar and connected with my office table for use there.\nIt has been in almost daily use since without ever having to do the\nfirst thing to it, not even refilling, and now, after a year's\nservice, I cannot see but that it runs just as well as it did the\nfirst day I used it, and the battery is just as clean as when put in,\nnor the least particle of corroding. This is a better record than any\nother battery can furnish with which I am acquainted. I can only say I\nam more than pleased with it, as every man must be who knows anything\nabout electricity and has occasion to use a battery for medicinal\npurposes.\n\n                                               J. K. WARREN, M. D.\n\n\n                                WHITESTOWN, N. Y., April 15, 1886.\n\nD. H. FITCH, ESQ.:\n\nDEAR SIR: The \"Chlorine Battery\" is simply admirable, complete, just\nthe thing.\n\n                                                SMITH BAKER, M. D.\n                                President Oneida Co. Med. Society.\n\n\n                                       TYLER, TEX., Feb. 11, 1886.\n\nD. H. FITCH, ESQ., Cazenovia, N. Y.:\n\nI am so well pleased with your \"Chlorine Faradic Machine\" that I now\nuse it in preference to any other. The current is so smooth and\nregular that patients like it and seem to derive more benefit from it\nthan from the same strength of current from any other battery that I\nhave used. I would not be without it for many times its cost.\n\n                                              S. F. STARLEY, M. D.\n\n\n                             D. H. FITCH,\n\n                P.O. Box 75.         Cazenovia, N. Y.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                    Religio-Philosophical Journal.\n\n                          ESTABLISHED 1865.\n\n                         PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT\n\n                     92 La Salle Street, Chicago,\n\n                          BY JOHN C. BUNDY,\n\nTERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION IN ADVANCE:\n\nOne copy, one year   $2.50\n\nSingle copies, 5 cents. Specimen copy free.\n\nAll letters and communications should be addressed, and all\nremittances made payable to\n\n                     JOHN C. BUNDY, Chicago, Ill.\n\nA Paper for all who Sincerely and Intelligently Seek Truth without\nregard to Sect or Party.\n\nPress, Pulpit, and People Proclaim its Merits.\n\n_Concurrent Commendations from Widely Opposite Sources._\n\nIs the ablest Spiritualist paper in America.... Mr. Bundy has earned\nthe respect of all lovers of the truth, by his sincerity and\ncourage.--_Boston Evening Transcript._\n\nI have a most thorough respect for the JOURNAL, and believe its editor\nand proprietor is disposed to treat the whole subject of spiritualism\nfairly.--_Rev. M. J. Savage (Unitarian) Boston._\n\nI wish you the fullest success in your courageous course.--_R. Heber\nNewton, D. D._\n\nYour course has made spiritualism respected by the secular press as it\nnever has been before, and compelled an honorable\nrecognition.--_Hudson Tuttle, Author and Lecturer._\n\nI read your paper every week with great interest.--_H. W. Thomas, D. D.,\nChicago._\n\nI congratulate you on the management of the paper.... I indorse your\nposition as to the investigation of the phenomena.--_Samuel Watson, D. D.,\nMemphis, Tenn._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                          W. F. RICHARDSON,\n\n                         MAGNETIC PHYSICIAN,\n\n                    875 Washington Street, Boston.\n\nHaving had several years' practice, in which his powers as a healer\nhave been tested, and been surprising to himself and friends, and\nhaving been thoroughly instructed in the science of Sarcognomy, offers\nhis services to the public with entire confidence that he will be able\nto relieve or cure all who apply.\n\nFor his professional success he refers to Prof. Buchanan, and to\nnumerous citizens whose testimonials he can show.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                         LIGHT FOR THINKERS.\n\n             THE PIONEER SPIRITUAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH.\n\n                 Issued Weekly at Chattanooga, Tenn.\n\n                A. C. LADD           Publisher.\n                G. W. KATES          Editor.\n\n              Assisted by a large corps of able writers.\n\n                        Terms of Subscription:\n\n        One copy, one year                             $1.50\n        One copy, six months                             .75\n        One copy, three months                           .40\n        Five copies, one year, one address              6.00\n        Ten or more, one year, to one address, each     1.00\n              Single copy, 5 cents. Specimen copy free.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                                FACTS,\n\n                         A MONTHLY MAGAZINE,\n\n                              DEVOTED TO\n\n                   Mental and Spiritual Phenomena,\n\n\n                              INCLUDING\n\n            Dreams, Mesmerism, Psychometry, Clairvoyance,\n           Clairaudience, Inspiration, Trance, and Physical\n                Mediumship; Prayer, Mind, and Magnetic\n                Healing; and all classes of Psychical\n                               Effects.\n\n               Single Copies, 10 Cents; $1.00 per year.\n\n                             PUBLISHED BY\n\n                      Facts Publishing Company,\n\n                     (Drawer 5323,) BOSTON, MASS.\n\n                      _L. L. WHITLOCK, Editor._\n\n\n             For Sale by COLBY & RICH, 9 Bosworth Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                           COMPOUND OXYGEN.\n\n                            [Illustration]\n\nDr. B. M. LAWRENCE & CO. invite correspondence with all persons\ninterested in their rational method of treatment for chronic diseases.\nComplete outfits furnished to physicians and patients at moderate\ncost. Local agents wanted. Address\n\n                      DR. B. M. LAWRENCE & CO.,\n                            CHENEY BLOCK,\n                                                 _HARTFORD, CONN._\n\n\nDr. K. MEYENBERG, No. 6 James Street, Boston, is the local agent for\nthe above oxygen treatment, and invites patients and all interested in\nthe subject to call at his office and learn its value. Dr. M. has had\nmany years' experience in magnetic treatment at Washington City, which\ncombines most successfully with the oxygen remedy.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                           BANNER OF LIGHT,\n\n                   THE OLDEST JOURNAL IN THE WORLD\n                            DEVOTED TO THE\n\n                        SPIRITUAL PHILOSOPHY.\n\n                            ISSUED WEEKLY\n\n          At 9 Bosworth Street (formerly Montgomery Place),\n                corner Province Street, Boston, Mass.\n\n                            COLBY & RICH,\n\n                     Publishers and Proprietors.\n\n                ISAAC B. RICH       BUSINESS MANAGER.\n                LUTHER COLBY        EDITOR.\n                JOHN W. DAY         ASSISTANT EDITOR.\n\n              _Aided by a large corps of able writers._\n\nTHE BANNER is a first-class Family Newspaper of EIGHT\nPAGES--containing FORTY COLUMNS OF INTERESTING AND INSTRUCTIVE\nREADING--embracing\n\n  A LITERARY DEPARTMENT.\n  REPORTS OF SPIRITUAL LECTURES.\n  ORIGINAL ESSAYS--Upon Spiritual, Philosophical and Scientific Subjects.\n  EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT.\n  SPIRIT-MESSAGE DEPARTMENT, and\n  CONTRIBUTIONS by the most talented writers in the world, etc., etc.\n\n                  TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, IN ADVANCE:\n\n                     Per Year             $3.00\n                     Six Months            1.50\n                     Three Months           .75\n\n                            Postage Free.\n\nIn remitting by mail, a post-office money order on Boston, or a draft\non a bank or banking house in Boston or New York City, payable to the\norder of COLBY & RICH, is preferable to bank notes. _Our patrons can\nremit us the fractional part of a dollar in postage stamps--ones and\ntwos preferred._\n\nADVERTISEMENTS published at twenty cents per line for the first, and\nfifteen cents per line for each subsequent insertion.\n\nSubscriptions discontinued at the expiration of the time paid for.\n\n[Hand Pointing Right] _Specimen copies sent free._\n\n\n                            COLBY & RICH\n\nPublish and keep for sale at Wholesale and Retail a complete\nassortment of\n\n                 Spiritual, Progressive, Reformatory,\n                       and Miscellaneous Books.\n\nAny book published in England or America, not out of print, will be\nsent by mail or express.\n\n[Hand Pointing Right] Catalogues of books published and for sale by\nColby & Rich, sent free.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                         OPIUM and MORPHINE\n                                   HABITS\n                                   EASILY CURED BY\n                                   A NEW METHOD.\n\n                          DR. J. C. HOFFMAN,\n\n                      _JEFFERSON ... WISCONSIN._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                          OXYGEN TREATMENT.\n\n                         LOCAL AGENTS WANTED.\n\n                          For terms, address\n\n                 DR. B. M. LAWRENCE, Hartford, Conn.\n\n\n    Transcriber's Note: The Table of Contents was copied from\n    the index to the volume.","title":"Buchanan's Journal of Man, March 1887: Volume 1, Number 2","tradition":"philosophy-ethics","translated_text":null,"word_count":18615}