{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_27006/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_27006","id":"gutenberg_27006","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/27006","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins\nand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare listed at the end of the text.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{357}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 207.]\nSATURDAY, OCTOBER 15. 1853.\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                   Page\n\n  Notes on Midland County Minstrelsy, by C. Clifton Barry     357\n  Comet Superstitions in 1853                                 358\n  The Old English Word \"Belike\"                               358\n  Druses, by. T. J. Buckton                                   360\n  FOLK LORE:--Legends of the County Clare                     360\n  Shakspeare Correspondence, by Thomas Keightley, &c.         361\n  Death on the Fingers                                        362\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--On a \"Custom of y^e Englyshe\"--Epitaph\n  at Crayford--The Font at Islip--\"As good\n  as a Play\"                                                  363\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Lovett of Astwell                                           363\n  Oaths                                                       364\n  The Electric Telegraph                                      364\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Queries relating to the Porter\n  Family--Lord Ball of Bagshot--Marcarnes--The\n  Claymore--Sir William Chester, Kt.--Canning on\n  the Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and\n  Great Britain--Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant--Memorial\n  Lines by Thomas Aquinas--\"Johnson's\n  turgid style\"--Meaning of \"Lane,\" &c.--Theobald\n  le Botiller--William, fifth Lord Harrington--Singular\n  Discovery of a Cannon-ball--Scottish Castles--Sneezing--\n  Spenser's \"Fairy Queen\"--Poema del Cid--The Brazen Head     364\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--\"The Basilics\"--Fire\n  at Houlton--Michaelmas Goose                                367\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Portraits of Hobbes and Letters of Hollar, by S. W.\n  Singer                                                      368\n  Parochial Libraries, by the Rev. Thos. Corser               369\n  Battle of Villers en Couche, by H. L. Mansel, B.D., &c.     370\n  Attainment of Majority, by Russell Gole and Professor\n    De Morgan                                                 371\n  Similarity of Idea in St. Luke and Juvenal                  372\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Sisson's developing\n  Fluid--Dr. Diamond's Process for Albumenized\n  Paper--Mr. Lyte's New Process                               373\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Derivation of the Word\n  \"Island\"--\"Paetus and Arria\"--\"That Swinney\"--The\n  Six Gates of Troy--Milton's Widow--Boom--\"Nugget\"\n  not an American Term--Soke Mill--Binometrical\n  Verse--Watch-paper Inscription--Dotinchem--Reversible\n  Names and Words--Detached Church Towers--Bishop\n  Ferrar--\"They shot him by the nine stone rig\"--Punning\n  Devices--Ashman's Park--\"Crowns have their compass,\"\n  &c.--Ampers and--Throwing Old Shoes for Luck--Ennui         374\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                377\n  Notices to Correspondents                                   377\n  Advertisements                                              378\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nNotes on Midland County Minstrelsy.\n\nIt has often occurred to me that the old country folk-songs are as worthy\nof a niche in your mausoleum as the more prosy lore to which you allot a\nseparate division. Why does not some one write a Minstrelsy of the Midland\nCounties? There is ample material to work upon, and not yet spoiled by\ndry-as-dust-ism. It would be vain, perhaps, to emulate the achievements of\nthe Scottish antiquary; but surely something might be done better than the\ncounty _Garlands_, which, with a few honorable exceptions, are sad\nabortions, mere channels for rhyme-struck editors. There is one peculiarity\nof the midland songs and ballads which I do not remember to have seen\nnoticed, viz. their singular affinity to those of Scotland, as exhibited in\nthe collections of Scott and Motherwell. I have repeatedly noticed this,\neven so far south as Gloucestershire. Of the old Staffordshire ballad which\nappeared in your columns some months ago, I remember to have heard two\ndistinct versions in Warwickshire, all approaching more or less to the\nScottish type:\n\n \"Hame came our gude man at e'en.\"\n\nNow whence this curious similarity in the vernacular ideology of districts\nso remote? Are all the versions from one original, distributed by the\nwandering minstrels, and in course of time adapted to new localities and\ndialects? and, if so, whence came the original, from England or Scotland?\nHere is a nut for DR. RIMBAULT, or some of your other correspondents\nlearned in popular poetry. Another instance also occurs to me. Most of your\nreaders are doubtless familiar with the pretty little ballad of \"Lady Anne\"\nin the _Border Minstrelsy_, which relates so plaintively the murder of the\ntwo innocent babes, and the ghostly retribution to the guilty mother. Other\nversions are given by Kinloch in his _Ancient Scottish Ballads_, and by\nBuchan in the _Songs of the North_, the former laying the scene in London:\n\n \"There lived a ladye in London,\n    All alone and alonie,\n  She's gane wi' bairn to the clerk's son,\n    Down by the green-wood side sae bonny.\"\n\n{358}\n\nAnd the latter across the Atlantic:\n\n \"The minister's daughter of New York,\n    Hey with the rose and the Lindie, O,\n  Has fa'en in love wi' her father's clerk,\n    A' by the green burn sidie, O.\"\n\nA Warwickshire version, on the contrary, places the scene on our own\n\"native leas:\"\n\n \"There was a lady lived on lea,\n    All alone, alone O,\n  Down the greenwood side went she,\n    Down the greenwood side, O.\n\n \"She set her foot all on a thorn[1],\n    Down the greenwood side, O,\n  There she had two babies born,\n    All alone, alone O.\n\n \"O she had nothing to lap them in,\n    All alone, alone O,\n  But a white appurn and that was thin,\n    Down the greenwood side, O,\" &c.\n\nHere there are no less than four versions of the same ballad, each\ndiffering materially from the other, but all bearing unmistakeable marks of\na common origin. It would be interesting to know the process by which this\nwas managed.\n\nC. CLIFTON BARRY.\n\n[Footnote 1: In one of the Scottish ballads the same idea is more prettily\nexpressed \"leaned until a brier.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOMET SUPERSTITIONS IN 1853.\n\nFrom the 19th of August to the present time that brilliant comet, which was\nfirst seen by M. Klinkerfues, at Goettingen, on the 10th of June last, has\nbeen distinctly visible here, and among the ignorant classes its appearance\nhas caused no little alarm. The reason of this we shall briefly explain.\n\nDuring the past fifty-five years the Maltese have grievously suffered on\nthree different occasions; firstly, by the revolution of 1798, which was\nfollowed by the plague in 1813; and lastly, by the cholera in 1837. In\nthese visitations, all of which are in the recollection of the oldest\ninhabitants, thirty thousand persons are supposed to have perished.\n\nMindful as these aged people are of these sad bereavements, and declaring\nas they do that they were all preceded by some \"curious signs\" in the\nheavens which foretold their approach, men's minds have become excited,\nand, reason as one may, still the impression now existing that some fatal\nharm is shortly to follow will not be removed.\n\nA few of the inhabitants, more terrified than their neighbours, have\nfancied the comet's tail to be a fiery sword, and therefore predict a\ngeneral war in Europe, and consequent fall of the Ottoman Empire. But as\nthis statement is evidently erroneous, we still live in great hopes,\nnotwithstanding all previous predictions and \"curious signs,\" that the\ncomet will pass away without bringing in its train any grievous calamity.\n\nBy the following extracts, taken from some leading journals of the day, it\nwill be seen that the Maltese are not alone in entertaining a superstitious\ndread of a comet's appearance. The Americans, Prussians, Spaniards, and\nTurks come in the same list, which perhaps may be increased by your\ncorrespondents:\n\n    \"The Madrid journals announce that the appearance of the comet has\n    excited great alarm in that city, as it is considered a symptom of\n    divine wrath, and a presage of war, pestilence, and affliction for\n    humanity.\"--Vide _Galignani's Messenger_ of August 31, 1853.\n\n    \"The entire appearance (of the comet) is brilliant and dazzling; and\n    while it engrosses the attention and investigation of the scientific,\n    it excites the alarm of the superstitious, who, as in ancient times,\n    regard it as the concomitant of pestilence and the herald of\n    war.\"--Vide New York correspondence of _The Sun_, Aug. 24, 1853.\n\n    \"The splendid comet now visible after sun-set on the western horizon,\n    has attracted the attention of every body here. The public impression\n    is, that this celestial phenomenon is to be considered as a sign of\n    war; and their astrologers, to whom appeal is made for an\n    interpretation, make the most absurd declarations: and I have been\n    laughed at by very intelligent Turks, when I ventured to persuade them\n    that great Nature's laws do not care about troubles here below.\"--Vide\n    Turkish correspondence of _The Herald_, Aug. 25, 1853.\n\n    \"The comet which has lately been visible has served a priest not far\n    from Warsaw with materials for a very curious sermon. After having\n    summoned his congregation together, although it was neither Sunday nor\n    festival, and shown them the comet, he informed them that this was the\n    same star that had appeared to the Magi at the birth of our Saviour,\n    and that it was only visible now in the Russian empire. Its appearance\n    on this occasion was to intimate to the Russian eagle, that the time\n    was now come for it to spread out its wings, and embrace all mankind in\n    one orthodox and sanctifying church. He showed them the star now\n    standing immediately over Constantinople, and explained that the dull\n    light of the nucleus indicated its sorrow at the delay of the Russian\n    army in proceeding to its destination.\"--Vide Berlin correspondence of\n    _The Times_.\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE OLD ENGLISH WORD \"BELIKE.\"\n\nThe word _belike_, much used by old writers, but now almost obsolete, even\namong the poor, seems to have been but very imperfectly understood--as far\nas regards its original meaning and derivation. Most persons understand it\nto be equivalent, or nearly so, to _very likely_, _in all likelihood_,\n_perhaps_, or, ironically, _forsooth_; and in that {359} opinion they are\nnot far wrong. It occurs in this sense in numerous passages in Shakspeare;\nfor instance:\n\n \"Some merry mocking lord, _belike_.\"--_Love's Labour's Lost._\n\n \"O then, _belike_, she was old and gentle.\"--_Henry V._\n\n \"_Belike_, this show imports the argument.\"--_Hamlet._\n\nSuch also was Johnson's opinion of the word, for he represents it to be\n\"from _like_, as by _likelihood_;\" and assigns to it the meanings of\n\"probably, likely, perhaps.\" However, I venture to say, in opposition to so\ngreat an authority, that there is no immediate connexion whatever between\nthe words _belike_ and _likely_, with the exception of the accidental\nsimilarity in the syllable _like_.\n\nWe find three different meanings attached to the same form _like_ in\nEnglish, viz. _like_, similis; _to like_, i. e. to be pleased with; and the\npresent word _belike_, whose real meaning I propose to explain.\n\nThe first is from the A.-S. _lic_, _gelic_; Low Germ. _lick_; Dutch\n_gelyk_; Dan. _lig_ (which is said to take its meaning from _lic_, a\ncorpse, _i. e._ an essence), which word also forms our English termination\n-_ly_, sometimes preserving its old form _like_; as _manly_ or _manlike_,\n_Godly_ or _Godlike_; A.-S. _werlic_, _Godlic_; to which the Teut.\nadjectival termination _lich_ is analogous.\n\nThe second form, _to like_, i. e. to be pleased with, is quite distinct\nfrom the former (though it has been thought akin to it on the ground that\n_simili similis placet_); and is derived from the A.-S. _lician_, which is\nfrom _lic_, or _lac_, a gift; Low Germ. _licon_; Dutch _lyken_.\n\nThe third form, the compound term _belike_ (mostly used adverbially) is\nfrom the A.-S. _licgan_, _belicgan_, which means, to lie by, near, or\naround; to attend, accompany; Low Germ. and Dutch, _liggen_; Germ.\n_liegen_. In the old German, we have _licken_, _ligin_, _liggen_--_jacere_;\nand _geliggen_--_se habere_; which last seems to be the exact counterpart\nof our old English _belike_; and this it was which first suggested to me\nwhat I conceive to be its true meaning. We find the simple and compound\nwords in juxtaposition in _Otfridi Evang._, lib. i. cap. 23. 110. in vol.\ni. p. 221. of Schilter's _Thes. Teut._:\n\n\n \"Thoh er nu biliban si,\n    Farames thoh thar er si\n  Zi thiu'z nu sar giligge,\n    Thoh er bigraben ligge.\"\n\n \"Etsi vero is (Lazarus) jam mortuus est,\n    Eamus tamen ubi is sit,\n  Quomodo id jam se habeat (quo in statu sint res ejus),\n    Etiamsi jam sepultus jaceat.\"\n\n\nOn which Schilter remarks:\n\n    \"Zi thiu'z nu sar giligge quomodo se res habeat, hodie _standi_ verbo\n    utimur,--wie es stehe, zustehe.\"\n\nWe thus see that the radical meaning of the word _belike_ is to lie or be\nnear, to attend; from which it came to express the _simple condition_, or\n_state of a thing_: and it is in this latter sense that the word is used as\nan adverbial or rather an interjectional expression, when it may be\nrendered, _it may be so_, _so it is_, _is it so_, &c. Sometimes ironically,\nsometimes expressing chance, &c.; in the course of time it became\nsuperseded by the more modern term _perhaps_. Instances of similar\nelliptical expressions are common at the present day, and will readily\nsuggest themselves: the modern _please_, used for entreaty, is analogous.\n\nIt is not a little singular that this account of the word _belike_ enables\nus to understand a passage in _Macbeth_, which has been unintelligible to\nall the commentators and readers of Shakspeare down to the present day. I\nallude to the following, which stands in my first folio, Act IV. Sc. 3.,\nthus:\n\n \"    .    .    .    .     What I am truly\n  Is thine, and my poor countries, to command:\n  Whither indeed before they heere approach,\n  Old Seyward, with ten thousand warlike men,\n  Already at a point, was setting foorth:\n  Now we'll together, and the chance of goodnesse\n  Be like our warranted quarrel.\"\n\nNow it is not easy to see why Malcolm should wish that \"chance\" should \"be\n_like_,\" i. e. similar to, their \"warranted quarrel;\" inasmuch as that\nquarrel was most unfortunate and disastrous. Chance is either fortunate or\nunfortunate. The epithet _just_, which might apply to the quarrel in\nquestion, is utterly irreconcilable with _chance_. Still this sense has\npleased the editors, and they have made \"of goodnesse\" a precatory and\ninterjectional expression. Surely it is far more probable that the poet\nwrote _belike_ (_belicgan_, _geliggen_) as one word, and that the meaning\nof the passage is simply \"May good fortune attend our enterprise.\" MR.\nCOLLIER'S old corrector passes over this difficulty in silence, doubtless\nowing to the circumstance that the word was well understood in his time.\n\nI have alluded to the word _like_ as expressive in the English language of\nthree distinct ideas, and in the A.-S. of at least four; is it not possible\nthat these meanings, which, as we find the words used, are undoubtedly\nwidely distinct, having travelled to us by separate channels, may\nnevertheless have had originally one and the same source? I should be glad\nto elicit the opinion of some one of your more learned correspondents as to\nwhether the unused Hebrew [Hebrew: YLN] may not be that source.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{360}\n\nDRUSES.\n\nComparing the initiatory undertaking or covenant of the Druses, as\nrepresented by Col. Churchill in his very important disclosures (_Lebanon_,\nii. 244.), with the original Arabic, and the German translation of Eichhorn\n(_Repertorium fuer Bibl. und Morgenland_, lib. xii. 222.), I find that the\nfollowing additions made by Col. Churchill (or De Sacy, whom he follows)\nare not in the Arabic, but appear to be glosses or amplifications. For\nexample:\n\n    \"I put my trust and confidence in our Lord Hakem, the One, the Eternal,\n    without attribute and without number.\"\n\n    \"That in serving Him he will serve no other, whether past, present, or\n    to come.\"\n\n    \"To the observance of which he sacredly binds himself by the present\n    contract and engagement, should he ever reveal the least portion of it\n    to others.\"\n\n    \"The most High, King of Kings, [the creator] of the heaven and the\n    earth.\"\n\n    \"Mighty and irresistible [force].\"\n\nCol. Churchill, although furnishing the amplest account which has yet\nappeared of the Druse religion, secretly held under the colour of\nMahometanism, has referred very sparingly to the catechisms of this sect,\nwhich, being for the especial instruction of the two degrees of\nmonotheists, constitute the most authentic source of accurate knowledge of\ntheir faith and practices, and which are to be found in the original\nArabic, with a German translation in Eichhorn's _Repertorium_ (xii. 155.\n202.). In the same work (xiv. 1., xvii. 27.), Bruns (Kennicott's colleague)\nhas furnished from Abulfaragius a biography of the Hakem; and Adler (xv.\n265.) has extracted, from various oriental sources, historical notices of\nthe founder of the Druses.\n\nThe subject is peculiarly interesting at the present juncture, as it is\nprobable that the Chinese religious movement, partaking of a peculiar kind\nof Christianity, may have originated amongst the Druses, who appear from\nCol. Churchill to have been in expectation of some such movement in India\nor China in connexion with a re-appearance of the Hakem.\n\nT. J. BUCKTON.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Legends of the County Clare._--_How Ussheen_ (_Ossian_) _visited the Land\nof_ \"_Thiernah Ogieh_\" (_the Country of perpetual Youth_).--Once upon a\ntime, when Ussheen was in the full vigour of his youth, it happened that,\nfatigued with the chace, and separated from his companions, he stretched\nhimself under a tree to rest, and soon fell asleep. \"Awaking with a start,\"\nhe saw a lady, richly clothed and of more than mortal beauty, gazing on\nhim; nor was it long until she made him understand that a warmer feeling\nthan mere curiosity had attracted her; nor was Ussheen long in responding\nto it. The lady then explained that she was not of mortal birth, and that\nhe who wooed an immortal bride must be prepared to encounter dangers such\nas would appal the ordinary race of men. Ussheen, without hesitation,\ndeclared his readiness to encounter any foe, mortal or immortal, that might\nbe opposed to him in her service. The lady then declared herself to be the\nqueen of \"Thiernah Ogieh,\" and invited him to accompany her thither and\nshare her throne. They then set out on their journey, one in all respects\nsimilar to that undertaken by Thomas the Rhymer and the queen of Faerie,\nand having overcome all obstacles, arrived at \"the land of perpetual\nyouth,\" where all the delights of the terrestrial paradise were thrown open\nto Ussheen, to be enjoyed with only one restriction. A broad flat stone was\npointed out to him in one part of the palace garden, on which he was\nforbidden to stand, under penalty of the heaviest misfortune. One day,\nhowever, finding himself near the fatal stone, the temptation to stand on\nit became irresistible, and he yielded to it, and immediately found himself\nin full view of his native land, the existence of which he had forgotten\nfrom the moment he had entered the kingdom of Thiernah Ogieh. But alas! how\nwas it changed from that country he had left only a few days since, for\n\"the strong had become weak,\" and \"the brave become cowards,\" while\noppression and violence held undisputed sway through land. Overcome with\ngrief, he hastened to the the queen to beg that he might be restored to his\ncountry without delay, that he might endeavour to apply some remedy to its\nmisfortunes. The queen's prophetic skill made her aware of Ussheen's\ntransgression of her commands before he spoke, and she exerted all her\npersuasive powers to prevail upon him to give up his desire to return to\nErin, but in vain. She then asked him how long he supposed he had been\nabsent from his native land, and on his answering \"thrice seven days,\" she\namazed him by declaring that three times thrice seven years had elapsed\nsince his arrival at the kingdom of Thiernah Ogieh; and though Time had no\npower to enter that land, it would immediately assert its dominion over him\nif he left it. At length she persuaded him to promise that he would return\nto his country for only one day, and then come back to dwell with her for\never; and she gave him a jet-black horse of surpassing beauty, from whose\nback she charged him on no account to alight, or at all events not to allow\nthe bridle to fall from his hand. She farther endued him with wisdom and\nknowledge far surpassing that of men. Having mounted his fairy steed, he\nsoon found himself approaching his former home; and as he journeyed he met\na man {361} driving before him a horse, across whose back was thrown a sack\nof corn: the sack having fallen a little to one side, the man asked Ussheen\nto assist him in balancing it properly; Ussheen instantly stooped from his\nhorse, and catching the sack in his right hand, gave it such a heave that\nit fell over on the other side. Annoyed at his mistake, he forgot the\ninjunctions of his bride, and sprung from his horse to lift the sack from\nthe ground, letting the bridle fall from his hand at the same time:\ninstantly the horse struck fire from the ground with his hoofs, and\nuttering a neigh louder than thunder, vanished; at the same instant his\ncurling locks fell from Ussheen's head, darkness closed over his beaming\neyes, the more than mortal strength forsook his limbs, and, a feeble\nhelpless old man, he stretched forth his hands seeking some one to lead\nhim: but the mental gifts bestowed on him by his immortal bride did not\nleave him, and, though unable to serve his countrymen with his sword, he\nbestowed upon them the advice and instruction which flowed from wisdom\ngreater than that of mortals.\n\nFRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_On \"Run-awayes\" in Romeo and Juliet._--\n\n \"Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steedes,\n  Towards Phoebus' lodging such a wagoner\n  As Phaeton would whip you to the west,\n  And bring in cloudie night immediately.\n  Spred thy close curtaine, Love-performing night,\n  That run-awayes eyes may wincke, and Romeo\n  Leape to these armes, vntalkt of and vnseene.\"\n\nYour readers will no doubt exclaim, is not this question already settled\nfor ever, if not by MR. SINGER'S substitution of _rumourer's_, at least by\nthat of R. H. C., viz. _rude day's_? I must confess that I thought the\nformer so good, when it first appeared in these pages, that nothing more\nwas wanted; yet this is surpassed by the suggestion of R. H. C. As\nconjectural emendations, they may rank with any that Shakspeare's text has\nbeen favoured with; in short, the poet might undoubtedly have written\neither the one or the other.\n\nBut this is not the question. The question is, did he write the passage as\nit stands in the first folio, which I have copied above? Subsequent\nconsideration has satisfied me that he did. I find the following passage in\nthe _Merchant of Venice_, Act II. Sc. 6.:\n\n             \"---- but come at once,\n  For the close night doth play the run-away,\n  And we are staid for at Bassanio's feast.\"\n\nIs it very difficult to believe that the poet who called the departing\n_night_ a _run-away_ would apply the same term to the _day_ under similar\ncircumstances?\n\nSurely the first folio is a much more correctly printed book than many of\nShakspeare's editors and critics would have us believe.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\nThe Word \"_clamour\" in \"The Winter's Tale_.\"--MR. KEIGHTLEY complains (Vol\nviii., p. 241.) that some observations of mine (p. 169.) on the word\n_clamour_, in _The Winter's Tale_, are precisely similar to his own in Vol.\nvii., p. 615. Had they been so in reality, I presume our Editor would not\nhave inserted them; but I think they contain something farther, suggesting,\nas they do, the A.-S. origin of the word, and going far to prove that our\nmodern _calm_, the older _clame_, the Shakspearian _clamour_, the more\nfrequent _clem_, Chaucer's _clum_, &c., all of them spring from the same\nsource, viz. the A.-S. _clam_ or _clom_, which means a band, clasp,\nbandage, chain, prison; from which substantive comes the verb _claemian_, to\nclam, to stick or glue together, to bind, to imprison.\n\nIf I passed over in silence those points on which MR. KEIGHTLEY and myself\nagreed, I need scarcely assure him that it was for the sake of brevity, and\nnot from any want of respect to him.\n\nI may remark, by the way, on a conjecture of MR. KEIGHTLEY'S (Vol. vii., p.\n615.), that perhaps, in _Macbeth_, Act V. Sc. 5., Shakspeare might have\nwritten \"till famine _clem_ thee,\" and not, as it stands in the first\nfolio, \"till famine _cling_ thee,\" that he is indeed, as he says, \"in the\nregion of conjecture:\" _cling_ is purely A.-S., as he will find in\nBosworth, \"_Clingan_, to wither, pine, to cling or shrink up; marcescere.\"\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n_Three Passages in \"Measure for Measure._\"--H. C. K. has a treacherous\nmemory, or rather, what I believe to be the truth, he, like myself, has not\na complete Shakspeare apparatus. COLLIER'S first edition surely cannot be\nin his library, or he would have known that Warburton, long ago, read\n_seared_ for _feared_, and that the same word appears in Lord Ellesmere's\ncopy of the first folio, the correction having been made, as MR. COLLIER\nremarks, while the sheet was at press. I however assure H. C. K. that I\nregard his correction as perfectly original. Still I have my doubts if\n_seared_ be the poet's word, for I have never met it but in connexion with\nhot iron; and I should be inclined to prefer _sear_ or _sere_; but this\nagain is always physically _dry_, and not metaphorically so, and I fear\nthat the true word is not to be recovered.\n\nI cannot consent to go back with H. C. K. to the Anglo-Saxon for a sense of\n_building_, which I do not think it ever bore, at least not in our poet's\ntime. His quotation from the \"Jewel House,\" &c. is not to the point, for\nthe context shows that \"a building word\" is a word or promise that will\n{362} set me a-building, _i. e._ writing. After all I see no difficulty in\n\"the _all-building_ law;\" it means the law that builds, maintains, and\nrepairs the whole social edifice, and is well suited to Angelo, whose\nobject was to enhance the favour he proposed to grant.\n\nAgain, if H. C. K. had looked at COLLIER'S edit., he would have seen that\nin Act I. Sc. 2., _princely_ is the reading of the second folio, and not a\nmodern conjecture. If he rejects this authority, he must read a little\nfarther on _perjury_ for _penury_. As to the Italian _prenze_, I cannot\nreceive it. I very much doubt Shakspeare's knowledge of Italian, and am\nsure that he would not, if he understood the word, use it as an adjective.\nMR. COLLIER'S famed corrector reads with Warburton _priestly_, and\nsubstitutes _garb_ for _guards_, a change which convinces me (if proof were\nwanting) that he was only a guesser like ourselves, for it is plain, from\nthe previous use of the word _living_, that _guards_ is the right word.\n\nTHOS. KEIGHTLEY.\n\n_Shakspeare's Works with a Digest of all the Readings_ (Vol. viii., pp. 74,\n170.).--I fully concur with your correspondent's suggestion, and beg to\nsuggest to MR. HALLIWELL that his splendid monograph edition would be\ngreatly improved if he would undertake the task. As his first volume\ncontains but one play (_Tempest_), it may not be too late to adopt the\nsuggestion, so that every variation of the text (in the briefest possible\nform) might be seen at a glance.\n\nESTE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDEATH ON THE FINGERS.\n\n    \"Isaac saith, I am old, and I know not the day of my death (_Gen._\n    xxvii. 2.); no more doth any, though never so young. As soon (saith the\n    proverb) goes the _lamb's_ skin to the market as that of the _old\n    sheep_; and the Hebrew saying is, There be as many _young_ skulls in\n    Golgotha as _old_; young men _may_ die (for none have or can make any\n    agreement with the grave, or any covenant with death, _Isa._ xxviii.\n    15. 18.), but old men _must_ die. 'Tis the grant statute of heaven\n    (_Heb._ ix. 27.). _Senex quasi seminex_, an old man is half dead; yea,\n    now, at fifty years old, we are accounted three parts dead; this lesson\n    we may learn from our fingers' ends, the dimensions whereof demonstrate\n    this to us, beginning at the end of the little finger, representing our\n    childhood, rising up to a little higher at the end of the ring-finger,\n    which betokens our youth; from it to the top of the middle finger,\n    which is the highest point of our elevated hand, and so most aptly\n    represents our middle age, when we come to our [Greek: akme], or height\n    of stature and strength; then begins our declining age, from thence to\n    the end of our forefinger which amounts to a little fall, but from\n    thence to the end of the thumb there is a great fall, to show, when man\n    goes down (in his old age) he falls fast and far, and breaks (as we\n    say) with a witness. Now, if our very fingers' end do read us such a\n    divine lecture of mortality, oh, that we could take it out, and have it\n    perfect (as we say) on our fingers' end, &c.\n\n    \"To old men death is _prae januis_, stands before their door, &c. Old\n    men have (_pedem in cymba Charonis_) one foot in the grave already; and\n    the Greek word [Greek: geron] (an old man) is derived from [Greek: para\n    to eis gen oran], which signifies a looking towards the ground;\n    decrepit age goes stooping and grovelling, as groaning to the grave. It\n    doth not only expect death, but oft solicits it.\"--Christ. Ness's\n    _Compleat History and Mystery of the Old and New Test._, fol. Lond.\n    1690, chap. xii. p. 227.\n\nFrom _The Barren Tree_, a sermon on Luke xiii. 7., preached at Paul's\nCross, Oct. 26, 1623, by Thos. Adams:\n\n    \"Our bells ring, our chimneis smoake, our fields rejoice, our children\n    dance, ourselues sing and play, _Jovis omnia plena_. But when\n    righteousnesse hath sowne and comes to reape, here is no haruest;\n    [Greek: ouk eurisko], I finde none. And as there was neuer lesse\n    wisdome in Greece then in time of the Seven Wise Men, so neuer lesse\n    pietie among vs, then now, when vpon good cause most is expected. When\n    the sunne is brightest the stars be darkest: so the cleerer our light,\n    the more gloomy our life with the deeds of darkness. The Cimerians,\n    that live in a perpetuall mist, though they deny a sunne, are not\n    condemned of impietie; but Anaxogoras, that saw the sunne and yet\n    denied it, is not condemned of ignorance, but of impietie. Former times\n    were like Leah, bleare-eyed, but fruitful; the present, like Rachel,\n    faire, but barren. We give such acclamation to the Gospell, that we\n    quite forget to observe the law. As vpon some solenne festivall, the\n    bells are rung in all steeples, but then the clocks are tyed vp: there\n    is a great vntun'd confusion and clangor, but no man knowes how the\n    time passeth. So in this vniuersall allowance of libertie by the\n    Gospell (which indeed rejoyceth our hearts, had we the grace of sober\n    vsage), the clocks that tel vs how the time passes, Truth and\n    Conscience, that show the bounded vse and decent forme of things, are\n    tyed vp, and cannot be heard. Still _Fructum non invenio_, I finde no\n    fruits. I am sorry to passe the fig-tree in this plight: but as I finde\n    it, so I must leave it, till the Lord mend it.\"--Pp. 39, 40., 4to.\n    Lond. 1623.\n\nBALLIOLENSIS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_On a \"Custom of y^e Englyshe._\"--When a more than ordinarily doubtful\nmatter is offered us for credence, we are apt to inquire of the teller if\nhe \"sees any green\" in our optics, accompanying the query by an elevation\nof the right eyelid with the forefinger. Now, regarding this merely as a\n\"fast\" custom, I marvelled greatly at finding a similar action noted by\nworthy Master Blunt, as conveying to his mind an analogous meaning. I can\nscarcely credit its antiquity; but what other meaning can I understand from\nthe episode he {363} relates? He had been trying to pass himself off as a\nnative, but--\n\n    \"The third day, in the morning, I, prying up and down alone, met a\n    Turke, who, in Italian, told me--Ah! are you an Englishman, and with a\n    _kind of malicious posture laying his forefinger under his eye_,\n    methought he had the lookes of a designe.\"--_Voyage in the Levant,\n    performed by Mr. Henry Blunt_, p. 60.: Lond. 1650.\n\n--a silent, but expressive, \"posture,\" tending to eradicate any previously\nformed opinion of the verdantness of Mussulmans!\n\nR. C. WARDE.\n\nKidderminster.\n\n_Epitaph at Crayford._--I send the following lines, if you think them\nworthy an insertion in your Epitaphiana: a friend saw them in the\nchurchyard of Crayford, Kent.\n\n    \"To the Memory of PETER IZOD, who was thirty-five years clerk of this\n    parish, and always proved himself a pious and mirthful man.\n\n     \"The life of this clerk was just three score and ten,\n      During half of which time he had sung out Amen.\n      He married when young, like other young men;\n      His wife died one day, so he chaunted Amen.\n      A second he took, she departed,--what then?\n      He married, and buried a third with Amen.\n      Thus his joys and his sorrows were treble, but then\n      His voice was deep bass, as he chaunted Amen.\n      On the horn he could blow as well as most men,\n      But his horn was exalted in blowing Amen.\n      He lost all his wind after threescore and ten,\n      And here with three wives he waits till again\n      The trumpet shall rouse him to sing out Amen.\"\n\nTradition reports these verses to have been composed by some curate of the\nparish.\n\nQUAESTOR.\n\n_The Font at Islip._--\n\n    \"In the garden is placed a relic of some interest--the font in which it\n    is said King Edward the Confessor was baptised at Islip. The block of\n    stone in which the basin of immersion is excavated, is unusually massy.\n    It is of an octangular shape, and the outside is adorned by tracery\n    work. The interior diameter of the basin is thirty inches, and the\n    depth twenty. The whole, with the pedestal, which is of a piece with\n    the rest, is five feet high, and bears the following imperfect\n    inscription:\n\n     'This sacred Font Saint Edward first _receavd_,\n        From Womb to Grace, from Grace to Glory went,\n      His virtuous life. To this _fayre_ Isle _beqveth'd_,\n        _Prase_ ... and to _vs_ but lent.\n      Let this remaine, the Trophies of his Fame,\n      A King baptizd from hence a Saint became.'\n\n    \"Then is inscribed:\n\n     'This Fonte came from the Kings Chapel_l_ in Islip.'\"--Extracted from\n         the _Beauties of England and Wales_, title \"Oxfordshire,\" p. 454.\n\nIn the gardens at Kiddington there--\n\n    \"was an old font wherein it is said Edward the Confessor was baptized,\n    being brought thither from an old decayed chapel at Islip (the\n    birth-place of that religious prince), where it had been put up to an\n    indecent use, as well as the chapel.\"--Extracted from _The English\n    Baronets, being a Historical and Genealogical Account of their\n    Families_, published 1727.\n\nThe Viscounts Montague, and consequently the Brownes of Kiddington, traced\ntheir descent from this king through Joan de Beaufort, daughter of John of\nGaunt, Duke of Lancaster.\n\nC. B.\n\n\"_As good as a Play._\"--I note this very ordinary phrase as having royal\norigin or, at least, authority. It was a remark of King Charles II., when\nhe revived a practice of his predecessors, and attended the sittings of the\nHouse of Lords.\n\nThe particular occasion was the debate, then interesting to him, on Lord\nRoos' Divorce Bill.\n\nW. T. M.\n\nHong Kong.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nLOVETT OF ASTWELL.\n\nIt is stated in all the pedigrees of this family which I have seen, that\nThomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell in Northamptonshire, who died in 1542,\nmarried for his first wife Elizabeth, daughter (Burke calls her \"heir,\"\n_Extinct Baronetage_, p. 110.) of John Boteler, Esq., of Woodhall Watton,\nin Hertfordshire. The pedigree of the Botelers in Clutterbuck's\n_Hertfordshire_ (vol. ii. p. 476.) does not notice this marriage, nor is\nthere any distinct allusion to it in the wills of either family. Thomas\nLovett's will, dated 20th November, 1542, and proved on the following 19th\nJanuary, does not contain the name of Boteler. (_Testamenta Vetusta_, vol.\nii. p. 697.) His father Thomas Lovett, indeed, in his will dated 29th\nOctober, 7 Henry VII., and proved 28th January, 1492 (_Test. Vetust._, vol.\nii. p. 410.), bequeaths to Isabel Lovett and Margaret, his daughters, \"Cl.\nwhich John Boteler oweth me,\" but he refers to no relationship between the\nfamilies. Again, \"John Butteler, Esquier,\" by his will, dated 7th\nSeptember, 1513, and proved at Lambeth 11th July, 1515, appoints \"his most\ngracious Maister, Maister Thomas Louett,\" to be supervisor of his will, and\nbequeaths to him \"a Sauterbook as a poore remembraunce;\" but he alludes to\nno marriage, nor does he mention a daughter Elizabeth. This John Boteler is\nsaid by Clutterbuck to have married three wives: 1. Katherine, daughter of\nThomas Acton; 2. Margaret, daughter of Henry Belknap, who died 18th August,\n1513; 3. Dorothy, daughter of William Tyrrell, Esq., of Gipping in Suffolk:\nthe last-mentioned was the mother of his heir, Sir Philip Boteler, Kt.; but\nI can nowhere find who was the mother of the son Richard, and the daughters\nMary and Joyce mentioned in his will, {364} or of Thomas Lovett's wife. I\ncannot help fancying that Elizabeth Lovett was his only child by one of his\nwives, and was perhaps heir to her mother. Can one of your contributors\nbring forward any authority to confirm or disprove this conjecture? Whilst\nI am speaking of the Lovett pedigree, I would also advert to two other\ncontradictions in the popular accounts of it. That most inaccurate of\nbooks, Betham's _Baronetage_, vol. v. p. 517., says, Giles Pulton, Esq., of\nDesborough, married Anne, daughter of Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell: the\nsame author, vol. i. p. 299., calls her Catherine; which is correct?\nNeither Anne nor Catherine is mentioned in Thomas Lovett the Elder's will\n(_Test. Vetust._, vol. ii. p. 410). Again, Betham, Burke, and Bridges\n(_History of Northamptonshire_, \"Astwell\") have rolled out Thomas Lovett\ninto two persons, and in fact have made him appear the son of his second\nwife Joan Billinge, who was not the ancestress of the Lovetts of Astwell at\nall. Nor was it possible she could be; for Thomas Lovett, in his will,\ndated 1492, speaks of her as \"Joan, my wife, late the wife of John Hawys,\none of the Justices of the Common Pleas.\" Now this John Hawys was living in\n1487, and Lovett's son and heir, Thomas, was seventeen years old in 1492.\nThe abstract of Lovett's will in the _Test. Vetust._, calling Thomas Lovett\nthe Younger \"my son and heir by the said Joan my wife,\" must therefore be\nmanifestly incorrect. I will not apologise for the minuteness of this\naccount, as I believe the correction of detail in published pedigrees to be\none of the most valuable features of \"N. & Q.;\" but I am almost ashamed of\nthe length of my communication, which I hope some of your readers may throw\nlight upon.\n\nTEWARS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOATHS.\n\nThe very remarkable distinction between the manner in which English and\nWelsh witnesses take the book at the time when they are sworn, has often\nstruck me. An English witness always takes the book with his fingers under,\nand his thumb at the top of the book. A Welsh witness, on the contrary,\ntakes it with his fingers at the top, and his thumb under the book. How has\nthis singular difference arisen? I am inclined to suggest that originally\nthe oath was taken by merely laying the hand on the top of the book,\nwithout kissing it. Lord Coke (3 _Inst._ 165.) says, \"It is called a\ncorporal oath, because he toucheth with his hand some part of the Holy\nScripture.\" And Jacob (_L. D._, \"Oath\"), says it is so called \"because the\nwitness, when he swears, _lays his right hand upon_, and toucheth the Holy\nEvangelists.\" And Lord Hale (2 _H. P. C._ 279.) says, \"The regular oath, as\nis allowed by the laws of England, is 'Tactis sacrosanctis Dei\nEvangeliis',\" and in case of a Jew, \"Tacto libro legis Mosaicae:\" and, if I\nrightly remember, the oath as administered in the Latin form at Oxford\nconcludes: \"Ita te Deus adjuvet, tactis sacrosanctis Christi Evangeliis.\"\nIn none of these instances does kissing the book appear to be essential.\nWhereas the present form used in the Courts is, \"So help you God, kiss the\nbook;\" but still the witness is always required to touch the book with his\nhand, and he is never permitted to hold the book with his hand in a glove.\nWhen then did the practice of kissing the book originate? And how happens\nit that the Welsh and English take the book in the hand in the different\nmanners I have described?\n\nC. S. G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.\n\nPowerful as this extraordinary agent has become, and incalculably useful as\nits operation is now found to be, it would appear that the principle of the\nelectric telegraph and its _modus operandi_, almost identically as at\npresent, were known and described upwards of a century ago. On the occasion\nof a late visit to Robert Baird, Esq., of Auchmeddan, at his residence,\nCadder House, near Glasgow, my attention was called by that gentleman to a\nletter initialed C. M., dated Renfrew, Feb. 15, 1753, and published that\nyear in the _Scots Magazine_, vol. xv. p. 73., where the writer not only\nsuggests electricity as a medium for conveying messages and signals, but\ndetails with singular minuteness the method of opening and maintaining\nlingual communication between remote points, a method which, with only few\nimprovements, has now been so eminently successful. It is usual to\nattribute this wonderful discovery to the united labours of Mr. W. F. Cooke\nand Professor Wheatstone, but has any one acknowledged the contribution of\nC. M., and can any of the learned correspondents of \"N. & Q.\" inform me who\nhe was?\n\nINQUIRENDO.\n\nGlasgow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Queries relating to the Porter Family._--Above the inscription on the\ntablet erected by a devoted friend to the memory of this highly-gifted\nfamily in Bristol Cathedral, is a medallion of a portcullis surrounded by\nthe word AGINCOURT, and surmounted by the date 1415.--What connexion is\nthere between Agincourt[2] and the Porter family?\n\n{365}\n\nDid Sir R. K. Porter write on account of Sir John Moore's campaign in the\nPeninsula?--What is the title of the book, and where can it be procured?[3]\n\nWho was Charles Lempriere Porter (who died Feb. 14, 1831, aged thirty-one),\nmentioned on the Porter tombstone in St. Paul's churchyard at Bristol?--Who\nwas Phoebe, wife of Dr. Porter, who died Feb. 20, 1845, aged seventy-nine,\nand whose name also occurs on this stone?\n\nDid this family (which is now supposed to be extinct) claim descent from\nEndymion Porter, the loyal and devoted adherent of King Charles the Martyr?\n\nD. Y. N.\n\n[Footnote 2: It refers to Sir Robert Ker Porter's third great battle-piece,\nAGINCOURT: which memorable battle took place October 25, 1415. Sir Robert\npresented it to the city of London, and it is still in the possession of\nthe corporation: it was hung up in the Guildhall a few years since.]\n\n[Footnote 3: In 1808, Sir R. K. Porter accompanied Sir John Moore's\nexpedition to the Peninsula, and attended the campaign throughout, up to\nthe closing catastrophe of the battle of Corunna. On his return to England,\nhe published anonymously, _Letters from Portugal and Spain, written during\nthe March of the Troops under Sir John Moore_, 1809, 8vo.--ED.]\n\n_Lord Ball of Bagshot._--Coryat, in his _Crudities_, vol. ii. p. 471.,\nedit. 1776, tells us that at St. Gewere, near Ober-Wesel--\n\n    \"There hangeth an yron collar fastened in the wall, with one linke fit\n    to be put upon a man's neck, without any manner of hurt to the party\n    that weareth it.\n\n    \"This collar doth every stranger and freshman, the first time that he\n    passeth that way, put upon his neck, which he must weare so long\n    standing till he hath redeemed himself with a competent measure of\n    wine.\"\n\nCoryat submitted himself to the collar \"for novelty sake,\" and he adds:\n\n    \"This custome doth carry some kinde of affinity with certain sociable\n    ceremonies that wee have in a place of England, which are performed by\n    that most reuerend Lord _Ball_ of Bagshot, in Hampshire, who doth with\n    many, and indeed more solemne, rites inuest his brothers of his\n    vnhallowed chappell of Basingstone (Basingstoke?) (as all our men of\n    the westerne parts of England do know by deare experience to the smart\n    of their purses), to these merry burgomaisters of Saint _Gewere_ vse to\n    do.\"\n\nWill any of your readers state whether the custom is remembered in\nHampshire, and afford explanation as to the most Rev. Lord Ball? The\nwriters that I have referred to are silent, and I do not find mention of\nthe custom in the pages of Mr. Urban.\n\nJ. H. M.\n\n_Marcarnes._--In Guillim's _Display of Heraldry_ (6th edit., London, 1724),\nsect. 2. chap. v. p. 32., occurs the following description of a coat of\narms: \"_Marcarnes_, vaire, a pale, sable.\"\n\nThere is no reference to a Heralds' Visitation, or to the locality in which\nresided the family bearing this name and coat. It is only mentioned as an\ninstance among many others of the pale in heraldry. I have searched many\nheraldic books, as well as copies of Heralds' Visitations, but cannot find\nthe name elsewhere. Will any herald advise me how to proceed farther in\ntracing it?\n\nG. R. M.\n\n_The Claymore._--What is the original weapon to which belongs the name of\nclaymore (_claidh mhor_)? Is it the two-handed sword, or the basket-hilted\ntwo-edged sword _now_ bearing the appellation? Is the latter kind of sword\npeculiar to Scotland? They are frequently to be met with in this part of\nthe country. One was found a few years since plunged up to the hilt in the\nearth on the Cotswold Hills. It was somewhat longer than the Highland\nbroadsword, but exactly similar to a weapon which I have seen, and which\nbelonged to a Lowland Whig gentleman slain at Bothwell Bridge. If these\nswords be exclusively Scottish, may they not be relics of the unhappy\ndefeat at Worcester?\n\nFRANCIS JOHN SCOTT.\n\nTewkesbury.\n\n_Sir William Chester, Kt._--It is said of this gentleman in all the\nBaronetages, that \"he was a great benefactor to the city of London in the\ntime of Edward VI., and that he became so strictly religious, that for a\nconsiderable time before his death he retired from all business, entered\nhimself a fellow-commoner at Cambridge, lived there some years' and was\nreputed a learned man.\" Did he take any degree at Cambridge, and to what\ncollege or hall did he belong? Must there not be some records in the\nUniversity which will yield this information? I observe the \"Graduati\nCantabrigienses\" only commence in 1659 in the printed list; but there must\nbe older lists than this at Cambridge. Collins mentions that he was so\nconspicuous in his zeal for the Reformed religion, that he ran great risk\nof his life in Queen Mary's reign, and that one of his servants was burnt\nin Smithfield. Can any one inform me of his authority for this statement?\n\nTEWARS.\n\n_Canning on the Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and Great\nBritain._--When and under what circumstances did Canning use the following\nwords?--\n\n    \"The results of this treaty [of 1824 between England and Holland, to\n    regulate their respective interests in the East Indies] were an\n    admission of the principles of free trade. A line of demarcation was\n    drawn, separating our territories from theirs, and ridding them of\n    their settlements on the Indian continent. All these objects are now\n    attained. We have obtained Sincapore, we have got a free trade, and in\n    return we have given up Bencoolen.\"\n\nWhere are these words to be found, and what is the title of the English\npaper called by the {366} French _Courier du Commerce_?--From the\n_Navorscher_.\n\nL. D. S.\n\n_Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant._--\"And Ireland, like a bastinadoed\nelephant, kneeled to receive her rider.\" This sentence is ascribed by Lord\nByron to the Irish orator Curran. Diligent search through his speeches, as\npublished in the United States, has been unsuccessful in finding it. Can\nany of your readers \"locate it,\" as we say in the backwoods of America? A\nbastinado properly is a punishment inflicted by beating the soles of the\nfeet: such a flagellation could not very conveniently be administered to an\nelephant. The figure, if used by Curran, has about it the character of an\nelephantine bull.\n\n[Old English W]\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_Memorial Lines by Thomas Aquinas._--\n\n    \"Thomas Aquinas summed up, in a quaint tetrastic, twelve causes which\n    might found sentences of nullity, of repudiation, or of the two kinds\n    of divorce; to which some other, as monkish as himself, added two more\n    lines, increasing the causes to fourteen, and to these were afterwards\n    added two more. The former are [here transcribed from] the note:\n\n     'Error, conditio, votum, cognatio, crimen,\n      Cultus disparitas, vis, ordo, ligamen, honestas,\n      Si sis affinis, si forte coeire nequibis,\n      Si parochi, et duplicis desit praesentia testis,\n      Raptave si mulier, parti nec reddita tutae;\n      Haec facienda vetant connubia, facta retractant.'\"--From _Essay on\n          Scripture Doctrines of Adultery and Divorce_, by H. V. Tabbs,\n          8vo.: Lond. 1822.\n\nThe subject was proposed, and a prize of fifty pounds awarded to this\nessay, by the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge in the Diocese of\nSt. David's in 1821. This appears to me to have been a curious application\nof its funds by such a society. Can any of your readers explain it?\n\nBALLIOLENSIS.\n\n\"_Johnson's turgid style_\"--\"_What does not fade_?\"--Can any of your\nreaders tell me where to find the following lines?\n\n \"I own I like not Johnson's turgid style,\n  That gives an inch th' importance of a mile,\"\n              &c. &c.\n\nAnd\n\n \"What does not fade? The tower which long has stood\n  The crash of tempests, and the warring winds,\n  Shook by the sure but slow destroyer, Time,\n  Now hangs in doubtful ruins o'er its base,\"\n              &c. &c.\n\nA. F. B.\n\n_Meaning of \"Lane,\" &c._--By what process of development could the\nAnglo-Saxon _laen_ (_i. e._ the English word _lane_, and the Scottish\n_loaning_) have obtained its present meaning, which answers to that of the\n_limes_ of the Roman _agrimensores_?\n\nWhat is considered to be the English measurement of the Roman _juger_, and\nthe authorities for such measurement?\n\nWhat is the measurement of the Anglo-Saxon _hyde_, and the authorities for\nsuch measurement?\n\nH.\n\n_Theobald le Botiller._--What Theobald le Botiller did Rose de Vernon\nmarry? See Vernon, in Burke's _Extinct Peerage_; Butler, in Lynch's _Feudal\nDignities_; and the 2nd Butler (Ormond), in Lodge's _Peerage_.\n\nY. S. M.\n\n_William, fifth Lord Harrington._--Did William, fifth Lord Harrington,\nmarry Margaret Neville (see Burke's _Extinct Peerage_) or Lady Catherine\nCourtenay? The latter is given in Burke's _Peerage and Baronetage_, in Sir\nJohn Harrington's pedigree.\n\nY. S. M.\n\n_Singular Discovery of a Cannon-ball._--A heavy cannon-shot, I should\npresume a thirty-two pound ball, was found embedded in a large tree, cut\ndown some years since on the estate of J. W. Martin, Esq., at Showborough,\nin the parish of Twyning, Gloucestershire. There was never till quite\nlately any house of importance on the spot, nor is there any trace of\nintrenchments to be discovered. The tree stood at some distance from the\nbanks of the Avon, and on the other side of that river runs the road from\nTewkesbury through Bredon to Pershore. The ball in question is marked with\nthe broad arrow. From whence and at what period was the shot fired?\n\nFRANCIS JOHN SCOTT.\n\nTewkesbury.\n\n_Scottish Castles._--It is a popular belief, and quoted frequently in the\n_Statistical Account of Scotland_, and other works referring to Scottish\naffairs, that the fortresses of Edinburgh Castle, Stirling Castle,\nDumbarton Castle, Blackness Castle, were appointed by the Articles of Union\nbetween England and Scotland to be kept in repair and garrisoned. Can any\nof your readers refer to the foundation for this statement? for no\nreference in to be found to the subject in the Articles of Union.\n\nSCRYMZEOUR.\n\nEdinburgh.\n\n_Sneezing._--Concerning _sneezing_, it is a curious circumstance that if\nany one should sneeze in company in North Germany, those present will say,\n\"Your good health;\" in Vienna, gentlemen in a _cafe_ will take off their\nhats, and say, \"God be with you\" and in Ireland Paddy will say, \"God bless\nyour honour,\" or \"Long life to your honour.\" I understand that in Italy and\nSpain similar expressions are used and I think I remember {367} hearing,\nthat in Bengal the natives make a \"salam\" on these occasions.\n\nThere is also, I believe, a popular idea among some of sneezing having some\nconnexion with Satanic agency; and I lately met with a case where a\npeculiar odour was invariably distinguishable by two sisters, on a certain\nindividual violently sneezing.\n\nI shall be very much obliged if any of your readers can furnish me with any\nfacts, theories, or popular ideas upon this subject.\n\nMEDICUS.\n\n_Spenser's \"Fairy Queen.\"_--Allow me to employ an interval of leisure,\nafter a visit to the remains of Kilcolman Castle, in inquiring whether any\nof your Irish readers can afford information respecting the existence of\nthe long missing books of the _Fairy Queen_? Mrs. Hall, in her work on\nIreland (vol. i. pp. 93, 94.), says that--\n\n    \"More than mere rumour exists for believing that the lost books have\n    been preserved, and that the MS. was in the possession of a _Captain\n    Garrett Nagle_ within the last forty years.\"\n\nW. L. N.\n\nButtevant, co. Cork.\n\n_Poema del Cid._--Is there any edition of the _Poema del Cid_ besides the\none published by Sanchez (_Poesias Castellanas anteriores al siglo XV._),\nand reprinted by Ochoa, and appended likewise to an edition of Ochoa's\n_Tesoro de los Romanceros_, &c., published at Barcelona in 1840? I shall\nfeel obliged by being referred to an edition in a detached form, with\nglossary and notes, if such there be.\n\nJ. M. B.\n\n_The Brazen Head._--As upon two former occasions, through the useful and\ninteresting pages of \"N. & Q.,\" have been enabled to obtain information\nwhich I could procure in no other way, I am glad to have an opportunity of\nrecording the obligations I myself, like many more, am under to \"N. & Q.,\"\nand to some of your talented and kindly correspondents. Being anxious still\nfarther to trespass upon your space, I take this opportunity of alike\nthanking you and them.--Could any reader of \"N. & Q.\" inform me whether\nmore than two numbers of _The Brazen Head_ were ever published? Through the\ngreat courtesy of talented correspondent of \"N. & Q.\" from Worcester, I\nhave the first two; but I am anxious, for a literary purpose, to\n_ascertain_ whether the publication was continued after.\n\nA. F. A. W.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n\"_The Basilics._\"--What is the manuscript called the \"Basilics\" in the\nfollowing passage, which occurs in a cotemporary MS., \"Memoirs of the Life\nof the Right Hon. John Lord Scudamore, Viscount Sligo in Ireland,\" in the\nlibrary of P. Howard, Esq., at Corby Castle? Is it known where it is now\npreserved?\n\nHave these memoirs been printed? Lord S. was born in 1600, and was\nambassador to France when this circumstance occurred.\n\n    \"There having been intelligence given to his Excellence by that\n    renowned person, and his then great acquaintance, Mons. Grotius, lieger\n    in Paris for the crown of Sweden, of a very valuable manuscript of many\n    volumes, being the body of the civil law in Greek, commonly called the\n    'Basilics,' in the hands of the heirs of the famous lawyer lately\n    deceased, Petrus Faber,--desirous to enrich his country with this\n    treasure, he transacted and agreed with the possessors for the price of\n    it, which was no less than 500l. But when it should have been\n    delivered, and the money was ready to be paid down, Cardinal Richelieu\n    (the great French minister of state at that time) having notice of the\n    transaction interposed, and forbad the going on upon the contract, as\n    thinking it would have been a diminution to their nation to permit such\n    a prize to come into the hands of strangers, and by their charge and\n    labour be communicated to the world.\"\n\nW. C. TREVELYAN.\n\nWallington.\n\n    [Basilica is a name given to a digest of laws commenced by the Emperor\n    Basilius in the year 867, and completed by his son Leo the philosopher\n    in the year 880, the former having carried the work as far as forty\n    books, and the latter having added twenty more, in which state it was\n    published. The complete edition of Charles Annibal Fabrot, which\n    appeared at Paris in 1647, proved of great service to the study of\n    ancient jurisprudence. It is contained in seven volumes folio, and\n    accompanied with Latin version of the text, as well as of the Greek\n    scholia subjoined. See a valuable article on the Greek texts of the\n    Roman law, in the _Foreign Quarterly Review_, vol. vii. p. 461.--The\n    MS. \"Memoirs of the Hon. John Lord Scudamore\" seem to have been used by\n    Matthew Gibson in his _View of the Ancient and Present State of the\n    Churches of Door, Horne-Lacy, and Hempsted, with Memoirs of the\n    Scudamore Family_, 4to., 1727, as the substance of the passage quoted\n    by our correspondent is given at p. 95. of that work.]\n\n_Fire at Honiton._--I am solicitous to learn the particulars of a fire\nwhich occurred at Honiton, in Devonshire, in the year 1765, when the chapel\nand school-house were burned down, and the former thereupon rebuilt by\n_collections_ under a _brief_.\n\nIn a review of Mr. Digby Wyatt's \"Industrial Arts of the Nineteenth\nCentury\" (in the _Athenaeum_ for June 18th of the current year), reference\nis made by Mrs. Treadwin of Exeter to \"_a book_ mentioning two great fires\nwhich occurred in 1756 and 1767 in Honiton,\" but it is not stated who was\nthe _author_ of that book. {368}\n\nCan you or any of your readers furnish me with the _title_ of the book\nintended, or direct me to any other sources of information on the subject\nof the Honiton fires?\n\nS. T.\n\n    [Notices of fires at Honiton occur in the following works:--_The Wisdom\n    and Righteousness of Divine Providence._ A sermon preached at Honiton\n    on occasion of a dreadful fire, 21st August, 1765, which consumed 140\n    houses, a chapel, and a meeting-house. By R. Harrison, 4to.\n    1765.--Shaw, in his _Tour to the West of England_, p. 444., mentions a\n    dreadful fire, 19th July, 1747, which reduced three parts of the town\n    to ashes.--Lysons' _Devonshire_, p. 281., states that Honiton has been\n    visited by the destructive calamity of fire in 1672, 1747, 1754, and\n    1765. The last-mentioned happened on the 21st August, and was the most\n    calamitous; 115 houses were burnt down, and the steeple of Allhallows\n    Chapel, with the school, were destroyed. The damage was estimated at\n    above 10,500l.]\n\n_Michaelmas Goose._--The following little inconsistency in a\ncommonly-received tradition has led me, at the request of a large party of\nwell-read and literary friends, to request your solution of the difficulty\nin an early Number of your paper.\n\nIt is currently reported, and nine men in ten will tell you, if you ask\nthem the reason why goose is always eaten on the 29th Sept., Michaelmas\nDay, that Queen Elizabeth was eating goose when the news of the destruction\nof the Invincible Armada was brought, and she immediately put down her\nknife and fork, and said, \"From this day forth let all British-born\nsubjects eat goose on this day.\"\n\nNow in Creasy's _Battles_ it is stated that the Spanish fleet was destroyed\nin the month of July. How could it then be the 29th of Sept. when the news\nof its defeat reached her majesty? If any of your readers can solve this\nseeming improbability be will greatly oblige\n\nMICHAELMAS DAY.\n\n    [Although it may be difficult to show how it is that the custom of\n    eating goose has in this country been transferred to Michaelmas Day,\n    while on the Continent it is observed at Martinmas, from which practice\n    the goose is often called _St. Martin's bird_, it is very easy to prove\n    that there is no foundation for the tradition referred to by our\n    correspondent. For the following extract from Stow's _Annales_ (ed.\n    Howes), p. 749., will show that, so far from the news of the defeat of\n    the Armada not reaching Elizabeth until the 29th of September, public\n    thanksgivings for the victory had been offered on the 20th of the\n    preceding month:\n\n    \"On the 20th of August, M. Nowell, Deane of Paules, preached at Paules\n    Crosse, in presence of the lord Maior and Aldermen, and the companies\n    in their best liveries, moving them to give laud and praise unto\n    Almightie God, for the great victorie by him given to our English\n    nation, by the overthrowe of the Spanish fleete.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nPORTRAITS OF HOBBES AND LETTERS OF HOLLAR.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 221.)\n\nAlthough I cannot answer the question of SIR WALTER TREVELYAN, the\nfollowing notices respecting the portraits of the Philosopher of Malmesbury\nmay not be unacceptable to him and to those who hold this distinguished\nman's memory in high respect.\n\nThat admirable gossip, John Aubrey, who lived in habits of intimacy with\nHobbes, has left us such a lively picture of the man, his person, and his\nmanners, as to leave nothing to desire. In reading it we cannot but regret\nthat Aubrey had not been a cotemporary of our great poet, about whom he has\nbeen only able to furnish us with some hearsay anecdotes.\n\nAubrey tells us that--\n\n    \"Sir Charles Scarborough, M.D., Physician to his Royal Highness the\n    Duke of York, much loved the conversation of Hobbes, and hath a picture\n    of him (drawne about 1655), under which is this distich:\n\n     'Si quaeris de me, mores inquire, sed ille\n        Qui quaerit de me, forsitan alter erit.'\"\n\n    \"In their meeting (_i. e._ the Royal Society) at Gresham College is his\n    picture drawne by the life, 1663, by a good hand, which they much\n    esteeme, and several copies have been taken of it.\"\n\nIn a note Aubrey says:\n\n    \"He did me the honour to sit for his picture to Jo. Baptist Caspars, an\n    excellent painter, and 'tis a good piece. I presented it to the Society\n    twelve years since.\"\n\nIn other places he tells us:\n\n    \"Amongst other of his acquaintance I must not forget Mr. Samuel Cowper\n    (Cooper), the prince of limners of this last age, who drew his picture\n    as like as art could afford, and one of the best pieces that ever he\n    did which his Majesty, at his returne, bought of him, and conserves as\n    one of his greatest rarities in his closet at Whitehall.\"\n\nIn a note he adds:\n\n    \"This picture I intend to be borrowed of his Majesty for Mr. Loggan to\n    engrave an accurate piece by, which will sell well both at home and\n    abroad.\"\n\nAgain he says:\n\n    \"Mr. S. Cowper (at whose house Hobbes and Sir William Petty often met)\n    drew his picture twice: the first the King has; the other is yet in the\n    custody of his (Cooper's) widowe; but he (Cowper) gave it indeed to me\n    (and I promised I would give it to the archives at Oxon), but I, like a\n    fool, did not take possession of it, for something of the garment was\n    not quite finished, and he died, I being then in the country.\"\n\n{369}\n\nThis picture is, I believe, now in my possession. It is a small half-length\noil painting, measuring about twelve inches by nine. Hobbes is represented\nat an open arch or window, with his book, the Leviathan, open before him;\nthe dress is, as Aubrey states, unfinished, and beneath is the remarkable\ninscription,--\n\n    \"AUT EGO INSANIO SOLUS: AUT EGO SOLUS NON INSANIO.\"\n\nIt represents the philosopher at an advanced age, and is conformable in\nevery respect to the following description of his person:\n\n    \"In his old age he was very bald, yet within dore he used to study and\n    sit bareheaded, and said he never tooke cold in his head, but that the\n    greatest trouble was to keepe off the flies from pitching on the\n    baldness. His head was of a mallet forme, approved by the physiologers.\n    His face not very great, ample forehead, yellowish-red whiskers, which\n    naturally turned up; belowe he was shaved close, except a little tip\n    under his lip; not but that nature would have afforded him a venerable\n    beard, but being mostly of a cheerful and pleasant humour, he affected\n    not at all austerity and gravity, and to look severe. He considered\n    gravity and heavinesse of countenance not so good marks of assurance of\n    God's favour, as a cheerful charitable, and upright behaviour, which\n    are better signes of religions than the zealous maintaining of\n    controverted doctrines. He had a good eie, and that of a hazel colour,\n    which was full of life and spirit, even to his last; when he was in\n    discourse, there shone (as it were) a bright live coale within it. He\n    had two kinds of looks; when he laught, was witty, and in a merry\n    humour, one could scarce see his eies; by and by, when he was serious\n    and earnest, he opened his eies round his eie-lids: he had middling\n    eies, not very big nor very little. He was six foote high and something\n    better, and went indifferently erect, or rather, considering his great\n    age, very erect.\"\n\nAubrey was one of the patrons of Hollar, of whom he has also given us some\nbrief but interesting particulars. The two following letters, which were\ntranscribed by Malone when he contemplated a publication of the Aubrey\npapers, deserve preservation; indeed, one of them relates immediately to\nthe subject of this notice:\n\n    \"Sir,\n\n    \"I have now done the picture of Mr. Hobbes, and have showed it to some\n    of his acquaintance, who say it to be very like; but Stent has deceived\n    me, and maketh demurr to have it of me; as that at this present my\n    labour seemeth to be lost, for it lyeth dead by me. However, I returne\n    you many thankes for lending mee the Principall, and I have halve a\n    dozen copies for you, and the painting I have delivered to your\n    Messenger who brought it to mee before.\n\n         \"Your humble servant,\n             \"W. HOLLAR.\n\n    \"The 1st of August, 1661.\"\n\n    \"[For Mr. Aubrey.]\n\n    \"Sir,\n\n    \"I have beene told this morning that you are in Town, and that you\n    desire to speak with mee, so I did presently repaire to your Lodging,\n    but they told mee that you went out at 6 o'clock that morning, and it\n    was past 7 then. If I could know certaine time when to finde you I\n    would waite on you. My selve doe lodge without St. Clement's Inne back\n    doore; as soon as you come up the steps and out of that doore is the\n    first house and doore on the left hand, two paire of staires into a\n    little passage right before you; but I am much abroad, and yet enough\n    at home too.\n\n         \"Your most humble servant,\n              W. HOLLAR.\n\n    \"If you had occasion to aske for mee of the people of the house, then\n    you must say the Frenchman Limmner, for they know not my name\n    perfectly, for reasons sake, otherwise you may goe up directly.\"\n\nThis minute localising of one of the humble workshops of this admirable\nartist may not be unacceptable to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM for some future\nedition of his very interesting _Handbook of London_. It may not be amiss\nto add that Hollar died on the 25th of March 1677, in the seventieth year\nof his age and that he was buried in St. Margaret's churchyard,\nWestminster, near the north-west corner of the tower, but without stone to\nmark the spot.\n\nS. W. SINGER.\n\nMickleham.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 62.)\n\nIn the vestry of the fine old priory church at Cartmel, in Lancashire,\nthere is a good library, chiefly of divinity, consisting of about three\nhundred volumes, placed in a commodious room, and kept in nice order. This\nsmall but valuable collection was left to the parish by Thomas Preston, of\nHolker, Esq.\n\nThere is another in the vestry of the church at Castleton, in Derbyshire;\nor rather in a room built expressly to contain then, adjoining the vestry.\nThey were left to the parish by the Rev. James Farrer, M.A., who had been\nvicar of Castleton for about forty-five years, and consist of about two\nthousand volumes in good condition, partly theological and partly\nmiscellaneous, about equally divided, which are lent to the parishioners at\nthe discretion of the vicar. Mr. Farrer left behind him a maiden sister,\nand a brother-in-law Mr. Hamilton, who resided in Bath; the former of whom\nerected the room containing the books, and a vestry at the same time and\nboth considerably augmented the number of volumes, and made the library\nwhat it now is.\n\nUnder the chancel of the spacious and venerable parish church of Halifax,\nin Yorkshire, are some large rooms upon a level with the lower part of the\nchurchyard, in one of which is contained a good library of books. Robert\nClay, D.D., vicar of Halifax, who died April 9, 1628, was buried in this\nlibrary, which he is said to have built. {370}\n\nIn the Rectory House at Whitchurch, in Shropshire, built by Richard\nNewcome, D.D., rector of that place, and afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph,\nthere is a valuable library left as an heirloom by the bequest of Jane,\nCountess Dowager of Bridgewater; who, in the year 1707, having purchased\nfrom his executors the library of the Reverend Clement Sankey, D.D., rector\nof Whitchurch, for 305l., left it for ever for the use of the rectors for\nthe time being. The number of the volumes was 2250: amongst which are a\nfine copy of Walton's _Polyglott Bible_, some of the ancient Fathers, and\nother valuable theological works. This collection has been subsequently\nincreased by a bequest from the late Rev. Francis Henry, Earl of\nBridgewater (of eccentric memory), rector of Whitchurch, who by his will,\ndated in 1825, gave the whole of his own books in the Rectory House at\nWhitchurch, to be added to the others, and left also the sum of 150l. to\nthe rector to be invested in his name, and the dividends thereof expended\nby him, together with the money arising from the sale of his lordship's\nwines and liquors in his cellars at Whitchurch, in the purchase of printed\nbooks for the use of the rectors of that parish for the time being.\n\nThe same noble earl presented to the rector of Middle, in the county of\nSalop, a small collection of books towards founding a library there: and\nbequeathed by his will the sum of 800l., to be applied, under the direction\nof the rector of Middle for the time being, for augmenting this library. He\nalso left a farther sum of 150l. to be invested in the name of the rector;\nand the dividends thereof expended by him in the purchase of books for the\ncontinual augmentation of the library, in the same manner as he had done at\nWhitchurch.\n\nIt is to this Earl of Bridgewater that we are indebted not only for those\nvaluable works the _Bridgewater Treatises_, but also for large bequests of\nmoney and landed property to the trustees of the British Museum, for the\npurchase of manuscripts, in addition to those from his own collection,\nwhich he had already bequeathed to the same institution.\n\nTHOS. CORSER.\n\nStand Rectory.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBATTLE OF VILLERS EN COUCHE.\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 8. 127.)\n\nI am in a position to furnish a more complete account of this skirmish, and\nof the action of April 26, in which my grandfather, General Mansel, fell,\nfrom a copy of the _Evening Mail_ of May 14, 1794, now in the possession of\nJ. C. Mansel, Esq., of Cosgrove Hall, Northamptonshire. Your correspondent\nMR. T. C. SMITH appears to have been misinformed as to the immediate\nsuppression of the _Poetical Sketches_ by an officer of the Guards, as I\nhave seen the _third edition_ of that work, printed in 1796.\n\n    \"_Particulars of the Glorious Victory obtained by the English Cavalry\n    over the French under the Command of General Chapuis, at Troisoille, on\n    the 26th of April, 1794._\n\n    \"On the 25th, according to orders received from the Committee of Public\n    Safety, and subsequently from General Pichegru, General Chapuis, who\n    commanded the Camp of Caesar, marched from thence with his whole force,\n    consisting of 25,000 infantry, 3000 cavalry, and seventy-five pieces of\n    cannon. At Cambray he divided them into three columns; the one marched\n    by Ligny, and attacked the redoubt at Troisoille, which was most\n    gallantly defended by Col. Congreve against this column of 10,000 men.\n    The second column was then united, consisting of 12,000 men, which\n    marched on the high road as far as Beausois, and from that village\n    turned off to join the first column; and the attack recommenced against\n    Col. Congreve's redoubt, who kept the whole at bay. The enemy's flank\n    was supported by the village of Caudry, to defend which they had six\n    pieces of cannon, 2000 infantry, and 500 cavalry. During this period\n    Gen. Otto conceived it practicable to fall on their flank with the\n    cavalry; in consequence of which, Gen. Mansel, with about 1450\n    men--consisting of the Blues, 1st and 3rd Dragoon Guards, 5th Dragoon\n    Guards, and 1st Dragoons, 15th and 16th Dragoons, with Gen. Dundas, and\n    a division of Austrian cuirassiers, and another of Archduke Ferdinand's\n    hussars under Prince Swartzenburg--after several manoeuvres, came up\n    with the enemy in the village of Caudry, through which they charged,\n    putting the cavalry to flight, and putting a number of infantry to the\n    sword, and taking the cannon. Gen. Chapuis, perceiving the attack on\n    the village of Caudry, sent down the regiment of carabineers to support\n    those troops; but the succour came too late, and this regiment was\n    charged by the English light dragoons and the hussars, and immediately\n    gave way with some little loss. The charge was then continued against a\n    battery of eight pieces of cannon behind a small ravine, which was soon\n    carried; and, with equal rapidity, the heavy cavalry rushed on to\n    attack a battery of fourteen pieces of cannon, placed on an eminence\n    behind a very steep ravine, into which many of the front ranks fell;\n    and the cannon, being loaded with grape, did some execution: however, a\n    considerable body, with Gen. Mansel at their head, passed the ravine,\n    and charged the cannon with inconceivable intrepidity, and their\n    efforts were crowned with the utmost success. This event decided the\n    day, and the remaining time was passed in cutting down battalions, till\n    every man and horse was obliged to give up the pursuit from fatigue. It\n    was at the mouth of this battery that the brave and worthy Gen. Mansel\n    was shot: one grape-shot entering his chin, fracturing the spine, and\n    coming out between the shoulders; and the other breaking his arm to\n    splinters; his horse was also killed under him, his Brigade-Major\n    Payne's horse shot, and his son and aide-de-camp, Capt. Mansel, wounded\n    and taken prisoner; and it is since known that he was taken into {371}\n    Arras. The French lost between 14,000 and 15,000 men killed; we took\n    580 prisoners. The loss in tumbrils and ammunition was immense, and in\n    all fifty pieces of cannon, of which thirty-five fell to the English;\n    twenty-seven to the heavy, and eight to the light cavalry. Thus ended a\n    day which will redound with immortal honour to the bravery of the\n    British cavalry, who, assisted by a small body of Austrians, the whole\n    not amounting to 1500, gained so complete a victory over 22,000 men in\n    sight of their _corps de reserve_, consisting of 6000 men and twenty\n    pieces of cannon. Had the cavalry been more numerous, or the infantry\n    able to come up, it is probable few of the French would have escaped.\n    History does not furnish such an example of courage.\n\n    \"The whole army lamented the loss of the brave General, who thus\n    gloriously terminated a long military career, during which he had been\n    ever honoured, esteemed, and respected by all who knew him. It should\n    be some consolation to those he has left behind him, that his\n    reputation was as unsullied as his soul was honest; and that he died as\n    he lived, an example of true courage, honour, and humility. On the 24th\n    General Mansel narrowly escaped being surrounded at Villers de Couche\n    by the enemy, owing to a mistake of General Otto's aide-de-camp, who\n    was sent to bring up the heavy cavalry: in doing which he mistook the\n    way, and led them to the front of the enemy's cannon, by which the 3rd\n    Dragoon Guards suffered considerably.\"--Extract from the _Evening\n    Mail_, May 14, 1794.\n\nFrom the above extract, compared with the communication of MR. SMITH (Vol.\nviii., p. 127.), it appears that the 15th Light Dragoons were engaged in\nboth actions, that of Villers en Couche on April 24, and that of Troisoille\n(or Cateau) on the 26th. In the statement communicated by MR. SIMPSON\n(_Ibid._ p. 8.), there appears to be some confusion between the particulars\nof the two engagements.\n\nH. L. MANSEL, B.D.\n\nSt. John's College, Oxford\n\nAs the action at Villers en Couche has lately been brought before your\nreaders, allow me to direct your correspondent to the _Journals and\nCorrespondence of Sir Harry Calvert_, edited by Sir Harry Verney, and just\npublished by Messrs. Hurst and Co.,--a book which contains a good deal of\nvaluable information respecting a memorable campaign. Sir Harry Calvert,\nunder the date of the 25th of April, 1794, thus describes the action at\nVillers en Couche:\n\n    \"Since Tuesday, as I foresaw was likely, we have been a good deal on\n    the _qui vive_. On Wednesday morning we had information that the enemy\n    had moved in considerable force from the Camp de Cesar, and early in\n    the afternoon we learned that they had crossed the Selle at Saultzoir,\n    and pushed patrols towards Quesnoy and Valenciennes. The Duke [of York]\n    sent orders to General Otto, who had gone out to Cambray on a\n    reconnoitring party with light dragoons and hussars, to get into the\n    rear of the enemy, find out their strength, and endeavour to cut them\n    off. The enemy retired to Villers en Couche that night, but occupied\n    Saultzoir and Haussy. Otto, fielding their strength greater than he\n    expected, about 14,000, early in the evening sent in for a brigade of\n    heavy cavalry for his support, which marched first to Fontaine\n    Antarque, and afterwards to St. Hilaire; and in the night he sent for a\n    farther support of four battalions and some artillery. Unfortunately he\n    confided this important mission to a hussar, who never delivered it,\n    probably having lost his way, so that, in the morning, the general\n    found himself under the necessity of attacking with very inferior\n    numbers. However, by repeated charges of his light cavalry, he drove\n    the enemy back into their camp, and took three pieces of cannon. He\n    had, at one time, taken eight; but the enemy, bringing up repeated\n    reinforcements of fresh troops, retook five.\n\n    \"Our loss I cannot yet ascertain, but I fear the 15th Light Dragoons\n    have suffered considerably. Two battalions of the enemy are entirely\n    destroyed.\"\n\nThe especial bravery of the troops engaged on the 26th, which is another\nsubject noticed by your correspondent BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. prompted the\nfollowing entry on his journal by Sir Harry Calvert:\n\n    \"April 26.--The enemy made a general attack on the camp of the allies.\n    On their approaching the right of the camp, the Duke of York directed a\n    column of heavy cavalry, consisting of the regiment of Zedwitsch\n    Cuirassiers, the Blues, Royals, 1st, 3rd, and 5th Dragoon Guards, to\n    turn the enemy, or endeavour to take them in flank, which service they\n    performed in a style beyond all praise, charging repeatedly through the\n    enemy's column, and taking twenty-six pieces of cannon. The light\n    dragoons and hussars took nine pieces on the left of the Duke's camp.\"\n\nSir Harry Verney has printed in an Appendix his father's well-considered\nplans for the defence of the country against the invasion anticipated in\n1796.\n\nJ. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY.\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250. 296.)\n\nThe misunderstanding which has arisen between PROFESSOR DE MORGAN and\nA. E. B. has proceeded, it appears, from the misapplication of the\nstatement of the latter's authority (Arthur Hopton) to the question at\nissue. Where Hopton says that our lawyers count their day from sunrise to\nsunset, he, I am of opinion, merely refers to certain instances, such as\ndistress for rent:\n\n    \"A man cannot distrain for rent or rent-charge in the night (which,\n    according to the author of _The Mirror_, is after sunset and before\n    sunrising).\"--_Impey on Distress and Replevin_, p. 49.\n\nIn common law, the day is now supposed among lawyers to be from six in the\nmorning to seven at night for service of notices; in Chancery till eight at\nnight. And a service after such times at night {372} would be counted as\ngood only for the next day. In the case of Liffin _v._ Pitcher, 1 _Dowl.\nN. S._ 767., Justice Coleridge said, \"I am in the habit of giving\ntwenty-four hours to plead when I give one day.\" Thus it will be perceived\nthat a lawyer's day is of different lengths.\n\nWith regard to the time at which a person arrives at majority, we have good\nauthority in support of PROFESSOR DE MORGAN'S statement:\n\n    \"So that full age in male or female is twenty-one years, which age is\n    completed on the day preceding the anniversary of a person's birth, who\n    till that time is an infant, and so styled in law.\"--Blackstone's\n    _Commentaries_, vol. i. p. 463.\n\nThere is no doubt also that the law rejects fractions of a day where it is\npossible:\n\n    \"It is clear that the law rejecteth all fractions of days for the\n    uncertainty, and commonly allows him that hath part of the day in law\n    to have the whole day, unless where it, by fraction or relation, may be\n    a prejudice to a third person.\"--Sir O. Bridgm. l.\n\nAnd in respect to the present case it is quite clear. In the case of Reg.\n_v._ The Parish of St. Mary, Warwick, reported in the _Jurist_ (vol. xvii.\np. 551.), Lord Campbell said:\n\n    \"In some cases the Court does not regard the fraction of a day. Where\n    the question is on what day a person came of age, the fraction of the\n    day on which he was born and on which he came of age is not\n    considered.\"\n\nAnd farther on he says:\n\n    \"It is a general maxim that the law does not regard the fraction of a\n    day.\"\n\nRUSSELL GOLE.\n\nI only treat misquotation as an _offence_ in the old sense of the word; and\ncourteously, but most positively, I deny the right of any one who quotes to\nomit, or to alter emphasis, without stating what he has done. That A. E. B.\ndid misunderstand me, I was justified in inferring from his implication (p.\n198. col. 2) that I made the day begin \"a minute after midnight.\"\n\nArthur Hopton, whom A. E. B. quotes against me (but the quotation is from\nchapter xiv., not xiii.), is wrong in his law. The lawyers, from Coke down\nto our own time, give both days, the natural and artificial, as legal days.\nSee Coke Littleton (Index, _Day_), the current commentators on Blackstone,\nand the usual law dictionaries.\n\nNevertheless, this discussion will serve the purpose. No one denies that\nthe day of majority now begins at midnight: no one pretends to prove, by\nevidence of decisions, or opinion of writers on law, that it began\notherwise in 1600. How then did Ben Jonson make it begin, as clearly\nA. E. B. shows he does, at six o'clock (meaning probably a certain\nsunrise)? Hopton throws out the natural day altogether in a work on\nchronology, and lays down the artificial day as the only one known to\nlawyers: it is not wonderful that Jonson should have fallen into the same\nmistake.\n\nA. DE MORGAN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSIMILARITY OF IDEA IN ST. LUKE AND JUVENAL.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 195.)\n\nI send, as a pendant to MR. WEIR'S lines from Juvenal, the following\nextract from Cicero:\n\n    \"Sed in ea es urbe, in qua haec, vel plura, et ornatiora, _parietes ipsi\n    loqui_ posse videantur.\"--Cic. _Epist._, 1. vi. 3.: Torquato, Pearce's\n    12mo. edition.\n\nMost, if not all, of the readers of \"N. & Q.\" are I believe, pleased by\nhaving their attention drawn to parallel passages in which a similarity of\nidea or thought is found. Let us adopt for conciseness the term \"parallel\npassages\" (frequently used in \"N. & Q.\"), as embracing every kind of\nsimilarity. Contributions of such passages to \"N. & Q.\" would form a very\ninteresting collection. I should be particularly pleased by a full\ncollection of parallel passages from the Scriptures and ancient and modern\nliterature, and especially Shakspeare. (See MR. BUCKTON'S \"Shakspearian\nParallels,\" _ante_, p. 240.)\n\nTo prevent sending passages that have been inserted in \"N. & Q.,\" every\nnote should refer to the note immediately preceding. I send the following\nparallel passages with some hesitation, because I have not my volumes of\n\"N. & Q.\" at hand, to ascertain whether they have already appeared, and\nbecause they are probably familiar to your readers. I do not, however, send\nthem as novelties, but as a contribution to the collection which I wish to\nsee made:\n\n    \"[Greek: Apo de tou me echontos kai ho echei arthesetai ap'\n    autou.]\"--_Matt._ xxv. 29., _Luke_ xix. 26.\n\n\n \"Nil habuit Codrus. Quis enim hoc negat? et tamen illud\n  Perdidit infelix totum nihil.\"--_Juvenal_, I. iii. 208.\n\n\nThe rich man says:\n\n    \"[Greek: Psuche, echeis polla agatha keimena eis ete polla; anapauou,\n    phage, pie, euphrainou].\"--_Luke_ xii. 19.\n\n    \"Lo, this is the man that took not God for his strength but trusted\n    unto the multitude of his riches.\"--_Ps._ lii. 8.\n\n    \"For he hath said in his heart, Tush, I shall never be cast down there\n    shall no harm happen unto me.\"--_Ps._ x. 6., &c. (See _Obadiah_ v. 3.:\n    \"Who shall bring me down to the ground?\")\n\nSo Niobe boasts:\n\n \"Felix sum, quis enim hoc neget? felixque manebo.\n  Hoc quoque quis dubitet? tutam me copia fecit.\n  Major sum quam cui possit Fortuna nocere.\"--Ovid, _Met._ VI. 194.\n\n{373}\n\n    \"[Greek: Ti de blepeis to karphos to en toi ophthalmoi tou adelphou\n    sou, ten de en toi soi ophthalmoi dokon ou katanoeis].\"--_Matt._ vii.\n    3.\n\n\n \"Cum tua pervideas oculis mala lippus inunctis,\n  Cur in amicorum vitiis tam cernis acutum,\n  Quam aut aquila, aut serpens Epidaurius?\"--Hor. _Serm._ I. iii. 25.\n\n    \"[Greek: He nux proekopsen, he de hemera engiken].\"--_Rom._ xiii. 12.\n\n    \"[Greek: All' iomen; mala gar nux anetai, enguthi d' eos].\"--Hom.\n    _Iliad_, x. 251.\n\nF. W. J.\n\nBrighton.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Mr. Sisson's developing Fluid._--Since I sent you the new formula for MR.\nSISSON'S positive developer, which you published in Vol. viii., p. 301.,\nMR. SISSON has written to me to say that if, instead of the acetic acid,\nyou add two drachms of formic acid, the new agent proposed by MR. LYTE, you\ncertainly obtain the sweetest-toned positives he has ever seen. The\npictures, he says, come out very quickly with it indeed; and with a small\nlens in a sitting-room he can in about ten seconds obtain the most\nwonderful detail. Every wrinkle in the face, and ladies' lace ribbons or\ncap-strings, he says, come out beautifully.\n\nThe formula then, as improved by MR. SISSON, is--\n\n  Water                       5 oz.\n  Protosulphate of iron       1-1/2 drs.\n  Nitrate of lead             1 dr.\n  Formic acid                 2 drs.\n\nPerhaps you will give your readers the benefit of it in your next Number.\nHaving tried it myself, I think they will be delighted with the beautiful\nwhite silvery tone, without any metallic reflection, produced in pictures\ndeveloped with it.\n\nJ. LEACHMAN.\n\n20. Compton Terrace, Islington.\n\n_Dr. Diamond's Process for Albumenized Paper._--Photographers are under\nmany obligations to DR. DIAMOND, particularly for the valuable information\ncommunicated through \"N. & Q.,\" and his obligingness in answering\ninquiries. I make no doubt he will readily reply to the following\nquestions, suggested by his late letter on the process for printing on\nalbumenized paper.\n\nWill the solution of forty grains of common salt and forty grains of mur.\namm., _without the albumen_, be found to answer for ordinary positive paper\n(say Canson's, Turner's, or Whatman's)? and, in that case, may it be\napplied with a brush?\n\nWill the forty-grain solution of nit. sil. (without amm.) answer for paper\nso prepared? and may this also be applied with a brush?\n\nShould the positives be printed out very strongly? and how long should they\nremain in the _saturated_ bath of hypo.?\n\nIs not the use of sel d'or subject to the objection that the pictures with\nwhich it is used are liable to fade in time?\n\nDR. DIAMOND says that pictures produced by the use of amm. nit. of silver\nare not to be depended on for permanency. If this be so, it is very\nimportant it should be known, as the use of amm. nit. is at present\ngenerally recommended and adopted.\n\nC. E. F.\n\n_Mr. Lyte's New Process._--Although I presume it is none of your affair\nwhat is said or done in \"another place,\" will you kindly ask MR. LYTE for\nme, if he will be so good as to explain the discrepancy which appears\nbetween his \"new processes,\" as given in the Journal of the Photographic\nSociety of Sept. 21, and \"N. & Q.\" of Sept. 10? In the former he says, for\nsensitizing, take (amongst other things) iodide of ammonia 60 grains: in\n\"N. & Q.,\" on the contrary, what would seem to be the same receipt, or\nintended as the same, gives the quantity of this salt one fourth less, 45\ngrains--a vast difference. Again, in the developing solution the quantity\nof formic acid is _double_ in your paper what it is in the journal.\n\nI should not have trespassed on your space, but would have written to MR.\nLYTE directly, except from the fear that some other unfortunate\npractitioner may have stumbled over the same impediment as I have done, and\nmay not have had courage to make the inquiry.\n\nS. B.\n\n    [Having forwarded this communication to MR. LYTE, we have received from\n    that gentleman the following explanations of his process, &c.]\n\nThe process which was published in the _Photographic Journal_ was, I am\nsorry to say, not quite correct in its proportions, on account of a mistake\nin inclosing the wrong letter to the Editor; but the mistake will, I trust,\nbe rectified by another communication which I have now sent.\n\nThe whole of the formulae, however, as given in \"N. & Q.,\" are quite\ncorrect.\n\nLet me now, however, trespass on your pages by a few more answers to\nseveral other Querists, and which at the same time may be acceptable to\nsome of your readers.\n\n1. The developing agents which are made with iron are very applicable as\nbaths to immerse the plate in; and the formic acid, from its powerful\ndeoxidizing property, renders the iron salt more stable during long use and\nexposure to the air.\n\n2. In coating paper with albumen, if the upper edge of the paper be\nsufficiently turned back, and the paper be forced down sufficiently on to\nthe surface of the albumen, no bubbles will form; and {374} the operator\nwill not be troubled with the streaks so often complained of.\n\n3. No time can possibly be fixed for the exposure of the positive to the\naction of the hypo.; and to produce the best effects, the positive must be\ncontinually watched, both while printing and while in the hypo.\n\n4. No hot iron should be applied to the positive after being printed, but\nthe picture should be allowed to dry spontaneously.\n\n5. The developing agent with the pyrogallic and formic acids will keep good\na very long time, longer, I think, than that in which acetic acid is used,\nbut cannot be used as a dipping bath.\n\n6. I find the formic acid which I obtain from different chemists rather\nvariable in its strength. What I use is rather below the average strength,\nso that in general about six drachms of the commercial acid will suffice\nwhere I use one ounce; but the excess seems to produce no bad result.\n\n7. A great advantage of the pyrogallic developer which I recommend, is that\nof its being able to be diluted to almost any extent, with no other result\nthan simply making the development slower. Another point is also worthy of\nnotice, viz. a method by which even a very weak positive on glass may be\nconverted into a very strong negative.\n\nI take a saturated solution of bichloride of mercury in hydrochloric acid,\nand add of this one to six parts of water. This I pour over the collodion\nplate, and watch it till the whitening process is quite complete. Having\nwell washed the surface with water, I pour over it a solution of iodide of\npotassium, very weak, not more than two or three grains to the ounce of\nwater. The effect of this is to turn the white parts to a brilliant yellow,\nquite impervious to actinic rays. This process is only applicable to weak\nnegative or instantaneous pictures, as, if used on a picture of much\nintensity, the opacity produced is too great. By using, however, instead of\nthe iodide of potassium, a weak solution of ammonia, as recommended by Mr.\nHunt, a less degree of intensity may be produced again a less intensity by\nhyposulphate of soda and a less degree again, but still a slight darkening,\nby pouring on the bichloride and pouring it off at once before the\nwhitening commences. I thus can tell the exact degree of negative effect in\nany picture of whatever intensity. The terchloride of gold is most\nuncertain in its results, at any rate I find it so.\n\nI must again beg you to excuse the great length of my communication, and\nhope it will be of service to my fellow photographers.\n\nF. MAXWELL LYTE.\n\nFlorian, Torquay.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Derivation of the Word \"Island_\" (Vol. viii., p. 49.).--I have received\nthrough the kindness of Hensleigh Wedgwood, Esq., a copy of the\n_Philological Journal_ for Feb. 21, 1851, in which my late observations on\nthe etymology of the word _island_ are shown to be almost identical with\nhis own, published more than two years ago, even the minutest particulars.\nHis own surprise on seeing my remarks must have been at least as great as\nmy own, on learning how singularly I had been anticipated; and those of\nyour readers who will refer to the number of the journal in question, will\nbe doubtless as much surprised as either of us.\n\nThis coincidence suggests two things: first, the truth of the etymology in\nquestion, secondly, the excellency of that spirit which (as in this\ninstance) \"thinketh no evil;\" and, in so close a resemblance of ideas as\nthat before us, rather than at once start a charge of plagiarism, will\nbelieve that it is possible for two persons, with similar habits of\nthought, to arrive at the same end, and that, too, by singularly identical\nmeans, when engaged on one and the same subject.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n\"_Paetus and Arria_\" (Vol. viii., p. 219.).--As I have not observed a reply\nto the Query respecting the author of _Paetus and Arria_, a tragedy, I beg\nto state that the work was not written by a gentleman of the University of\nCambridge, but by Mr. Nicholson, son of Mr. Nicholson, a well-known and\nhighly respectable bookseller in Cambridge, in the early part of the\npresent century. The young man, who, besides being unfailing in his\nattention to business, had a literary turn, and was attached to the fine\narts, died in the prime of life. After his death, the poor father, with\ntears in his eyes, presented me with a copy of the tragedy. I am glad to\nrecord this testimony to the character of persons well known to me during\nseveral years.\n\n[Greek: Martus Pistos].\n\n\"_That Swinney_\" (Vol. viii, p. 213.).--I am well pleased with the manner\nin which T. S. J. has unearthed \"that Swinney,\" if indeed, as is very\nprobable, Sidney Swinney really was the man who interfered with _the great\nunknown_. It may not be impertinent to state that Sidney Swinney, who was\nof Clare Hall, Cambridge, became B.A. in 1744, M.A. in 1749, and D.D. (_per\nsaltum_) in 1763. It may also be worth noting that a George Swinney, of the\nsame college, became B.A. in 1767, and M.A. in 1770. This _George_ Swinney\n_may_ have been _Sidney_ Swinney's son, or his near relation; and _may_\nhave been the man who went to Lord G. Sackville in July, 1769; but I think\nthis not likely. I will only observe farther that, in the \"Graduati\nCantabrigienses,\" {375} the names are spelled _Swiney_; but changes of this\nkind, by the parties themselves, are by no means uncommon.\n\nThe question, whether Swinney had ever _before_ spoken to Lord G.\nSackville, remains unanswered, although Junius most probably made a mistake\nin that matter.\n\nVALENTINE WESTON.\n\n_The Six Gates of Troy_ (Vol. viii., p. 288.).--The passage of Dares\nrelative to the gates of Troy describes the deeds of Priam on succeeding to\nthe throne:\n\n    \"Priamus ut Ilium venit, minime moram fecit, ampliora moenia exstruxit,\n    et civitatem munitissimam reddidit.... Regiam quoque aedificavit, et ibi\n    Jovi Statori aram consecravit. Hectorem in Paeoniam misit, Ilio portas\n    fecit, quarum haec sunt nomina: Antenorea, Dardania, Ilia, Scaea,\n    Thymbraea, Trojana. Deinde, postquam Ilium stabilitum vidit, tempus\n    expectavit.\"--Chap. 4.\n\nIt will be observed that these six names correspond with the six names in\nShakspeare, except that Shakspeare, following some ignorant transcriber,\nsubstitutes _Chetas_ for _Scaean_.\n\nThe work, consisting of forty-four short chapters, which has come down to\nus under the title of _De Excidio Trojae Historia_, by Dares Phrygius, is a\npseudonymous production, which cannot be placed earlier than the fifth or\nsixth century. See the preface to the edition of Dederick, Bonnae, 1835; or\nthe article \"Dares,\" by Dr. Schmitz, in Dr. Smith's _Dictionary of Greek\nand Roman Biography_. Other writers spoke of _four_ gates of Troy. (See\nHeyne, _Exc._ XIV. _ad AEn._ II.)\n\nL.\n\n_Milton's Widow_ (Vol. vii., p. 596.; Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134.\n200.).--Having noticed several Queries and Replies in your pages concerning\nthe family of the poet Milton's third wife, I beg to give the following\nextracts from a pamphlet printed by Pullan of Chester so recently as 1851,\nentitled _Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its Neighbourhood_:\n\n    \"In that same year (1662), Milton was received at _Stoke Hall as the\n    husband of Elizabeth Minshull_, _the grand-daughter of Geoffrey\n    Minshull_.\"--P. 50. \"Not far from the Hall, where Milton was _once a\n    welcome visitor_, stands the Yew Tree House.\"\n\nThere can be little doubt the author of the pamphlet referred to derived\nthe information on which those statements were made from an _authentic\nsource_; and if so, it seems pretty clear, the _Elizabeth Minshull_ whom\nMilton married was _grand-daughter of Geoffrey Minshull of Stoke Hall_.\n\nT. P. L.\n\nManchester.\n\n_Boom_ (Vol. vii., p. 620.; Vol. viii., p. 183.).--The Bittern is not an\nuncommon bird in some parts of Wales, where it is very expressively called\n_Aderyn-y-Bwn_ (the Boom-bird), or _Bwmp-y-Gors_ (Boom of the Fen): the _w_\nis pronounced as double _o_.\n\nW. R. D. S.\n\n\"_Nugget_\" _not an American Term_ (Vol. vii. _passim_).--It is a mistake in\nour correspondent to suppose that the word \"nugget\" was used in California\nby American \"diggers\" to denominate a lump of gold. That word was never\nheard of in this country until after the discoveries in Australia. It is\nnot used now in California, \"lump\" is the proper term; and when a miner\naccumulates a quantity, he boasts of his \"pile,\" or rejoices in the\npossession of a \"pocket full of rocks.\"\n\n[Old English W].\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_Soke Mill_ (Vol. viii., p. 272.).--Suit is not now enforced to the King's\nMills in the manor of Wrexham, in the county of Denbigh, but the lessee of\nthe manorial rights of the crown receives a payment at the rate of\nthreepence per bushel for all the malt ground in hand-mills within the\nlimits of the manor.\n\nTAFFY.\n\n_Binometrical Verse_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--This verse appeared in the\n_Athenaeum_ (Sept. 2, 1848, No. 1088, p. 883.), given by one correspondent\nas having been previously forwarded by another; but it does not appear to\nhave been previously published.\n\nM.\n\n_Watch-paper Inscription_ (Vol. viii., p. 316.).--Twenty-five years ago\nthis inscription was set to music, and was popular in private circles. The\nmelody was moderately good, and the \"monitory pulse-like beating\" of course\nwas acted, perhaps over-acted, in the accompaniment. I am not sure it was\nprinted, but the fingers of young ladies produced a great many copies. Your\ncorrespondent's version is quite accurate, and I think he must have heard\nit sung, as well as read it. _Segnius irritant_, &c. is not true of what is\nread as opposed to what is heard with music.\n\nM.\n\n_Dotinchem_ (Vol. viii., p. 151.).--Dotinchem appears to be the place which\nis called _Deutichem_ in the map of the Netherlands and Belgian, published\nby the Useful Knowledge Society in 1843, and _Deutekom_ in the map of the\nkingdom of the Netherlands, published by the same society in 1830. Moreri\nspells the name _Dotechem_, _Dotekom_, and _Dotekum_. It is situated on the\nYssel, south-east of Doesburg.\n\nB. J.\n\n_Reversible Names and Words_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--I cannot call to mind\nany such _propria mascula_: but I think I can cast a doubt on your\ncorrespondent's crotchet. Surely our _civic_ authorities (not even\nexcepting the _Mayor_) are veritable males, though sometimes deserving the\n_sobriquet_ of \"old women.\" Surveyors, builders, carpenters, {376} and\nbricklayers are the only persons who use the _level_. On board ship, it is\nthe males who professionally attend at the _poop_. Our foreign-looking\nfriend _rotator_, at once suggestive of certain celebrated personages in\nthe lower house, is by termination masculine; and such members, in times of\npolitical probation, never fail to show themselves _evitative_ rather than\nplucky.\n\nBut some words are reversible in sense as well as in orthography. If a man\n_draw_ \"on\" me, I should be to blame if at least I did not _ward_ \"off\" the\nblow. Whom should we _repel_ sooner than the _leper_? Who will _live_\nhereafter, if he be a doer of _evil_? We should always seek to _deliver_\nhim who is being _reviled_. Even Shakspeare was aware of the fact, that it\nis a _God_ who breeds magots in a dead _dog_ (vide _Hamlet_). \"Cum multis\naliis.\" The art of composing palindromes is one, at least, as instructive\nas, and closely allied to, that of _de_-ciphering. If any one calls the\ncompositions in question \"trash,\" I cannot better answer than in\npalindrome, _Trash? even interpret Nineveh's art!_ for the deciphering of\nthe cuneiform character is both a respectable and a useful exercise of\ningenuity. The English language, however, is not susceptible of any great\namount of palindromic compositions. The Latin is, of all, the best adapted\nfor that fancy. I append an inscription for a hospital, which is a\nparaphrase of a verse in the Psalms:\n\n    \"Acide me malo, sed non desola me, medica.\"\n\nI doubt whether such compositions should ever be characterised by the term\n_sotadic_. Sotadic verses were, I believe, restricted to indecent\nlove-songs.\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_Detached Church Towers_ (Vol. vii. _passim_; Vol. viii., p. 63.).--At\nMorpeth, in Northumberland, the old parish church stands on an eminence at\nthe distance of a mile from the town. In the market-place is a square clock\ntower, the bells in which are used for ordinary parochial purposes.\n\nAt Kirkoswald, in Cumberland, where the church stands low, the belfry has\nbeen erected on an adjoining hill.\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_Bishop Ferrar_ (Vol. viii., p. 103.).--Bishop Ferrar, martyred in Queen\nMary's reign, was not of the same family with the Ferrers, Earl of Derby\nand Nottingham. Was your correspondent led to think so from the fact of the\nmartyr having been originally a bishop of the Isle of Man?\n\nA LINEAL DESCENDANT OF THE MARTYR.\n\nCambridge.\n\n\"_They shot him by the nine stone rig_\" (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--This\nfragmentary ballad is to be found in the _Border Minstrelsy_. It was\ncontributed by R. Surtees of Mainsforth, co. Durham, and described by him\nas having been taken down from the recitation of Anne Douglas, an old woman\nwho weeded in his garden. It is however most likely that it is altogether\nfactitious, and Mr. Surtees' own production, Anne Douglas being a pure\ninvention.\n\nThe ballad called \"The Fray of Haltwhistle,\" a portion of which, \"How the\nThirlwalls and the Ridleys a',\" &c., is interwoven with the text in the\nfirst canto of _Marmion_, is generally understood to have been composed by\nMr. Surtees. He, however, succeeded in palming it upon Scott as a genuine\nold ballad; and states that he had it from the recitation of an ancient\ndame, mother of one of the miners of Alston Moor. Scott's taste for old\nlegends and ballads was certainly not too discriminating, or he would never\nhave swallowed \"The Fray of Haltwhistle.\" Perhaps he suspected its\nauthenticity, for he says of it:\n\n \"Scantily Lord Marmion's ear could brook\n    The harper's barbarous lay.\"\n\nT. D. RIDLEY.\n\n_Punning Devices_ (Vol. viii., p. 270.).--In the 4th volume of Surtees'\n_History of Durham_, p. 48., there is an account of the Orchard Chamber in\nSledwish Hall:\n\n    \"In the centre is a shield of the arms of Clopton; being two coats\n    quarterly, a lion rampant and a cross _pattee fitchee_; over all, a\n    crescent for difference.[1] On two other shields, impressed from one\n    mould, are the initials E. C., the date 1584, and a _tun_ with a rose\n    _clapt on_.\"[2]\n\nOLD GRUMBLEUM.\n\n[Footnote 1: This note says the arms are reversed, being impressed from a\nmould.]\n\n[Footnote 2: \"The crest of Clopton is a falcon _clapping_ his wings, and\nrising from a tun; and I verily believe the rose _clapt on_ to be the\nmiserable quibble intended.\"]\n\n_Ashman's Park_--_Wingfield's Portrait_ (Vol. viii., p. 299.).-Could any\ncorrespondent in Suffolk inform me if Ashman's Park has been sold; and if\nthe pictures are anywhere to be found, especially that of Sir Anthony\nWingfield? The communication of H. C. K. relative to the above subject is\nvery interesting.\n\nQ.\n\n\"_Crowns have their compass_,\" _&c._ (Vol. iv., p. 428.).--In the\nwell-known lines attributed to Shakspeare, and quoted in the above volume,\nthe third stands thus:\n\n \"Of more than earth can earth make none partaker.\"\n\nI find that Quarles has borrowed this in his _Emblems_, book i. Emblem vi.:\n\n \"Of more than earth can earth make none possest.\"\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n{377}\n\n_Ampers_ & (Vol. ii., pp.230. 284.; Vol. viii., pp. 173. 223. 284.).--Allow\nme to thank both [Phi]. and MR. HENRY WALTER for their replies to my Query;\nbut I am unhappily no wiser than MR. LOWER was after [Phi].'s first\nresponse. What on earth \"et-per-se\" or \"and-per-se-and\" can mean, I am at a\nloss to imagine. Why should _et_ be called \"_et_ by itself?\" Until this\nQuery is answered, I am as much in the dark as ever. While I am upon the\nmatter, I would farther ask this mysterious _Ampers and_, \"who gave thee\nthat name?\" May it find a proxy to answer for it!\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\nThe origin of this expression is, explained in Vol. ii., p. 318. With\nregard to the orthography of the word, it seems to me that, if the etymon\nbe followed, it ought to be written _and-per-se-and_; if the pronunciation,\n_ampussy and_.\n\nL.\n\n_Throwing Old Shoes for Luck_ (Vol. vii., p. 411.).--There is an old rhyme\nstill extant, which gives an early date to this singular custom:\n\n     \"When Britons bold,\n      Wedded of old,\n  Sandals were backward thrown,\n      The pair to tell,\n      That, ill or well\n  The act was all their own.\"\n\nAn octogenarian of my acquaintance informs me that he heard himself thus\nanathematised when, leaving his native village with his bride, he refused\nto comply with the extortionate demands of an Irish beggar:\n\n \"Then it's bad luck goes wid yer,\n    For my shoe I toss,\n  An ye niver come back,\n   'Twill be no great loss.\"\n\nCHARLES REED.\n\n_Ennui_ (Vol. vii., p. 478.).--It is a curious fact that in _English_,\nproperly so called, we have no word to express this certainly un-English\nsensation, which we are obliged to borrow from our friends across the\nchannel. _They_ repay themselves with \"comfortable,\" which is quite as\ncharacteristically wanting in their vocabulary: so they lose nothing by the\nexchange. Were we disposed to supply the gaps in our language, by using our\nown native words (which is much to be desired), we might find a sufficient\n(and I believe the only) synonyme in the Bedfordshire folk-word _unked_: at\nany rate, it is near enough for us, for we neither require the word nor the\nfeeling it is meant to designate.\n\nE. S. TAYLOR.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nFORD'S HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. Vol. I.\n\nAUSTIN CHEIRONOMIA.\n\nREV. E. IRVING'S ORATIONS ON DEATH, JUDGMENT, HEAVEN, AND HELL.\n\nTHOMAS GARDENER'S HISTORY OF DUNWICH.\n\nMARSH'S HISTORY OF HURSLEY AND BADDESLEY. About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies.\n\nNICEPHORUS CATENA ON THE PENTATEUCH.\n\nPROCOPIUS GAZAEUS.\n\nWATT'S BIBLIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA. Parts V. and VI.\n\nCARLYLE'S CHARTISM. Crown 8vo. 2nd Edition.\n\nTHE BUILDER, No. 520.\n\nOSWALLI CROLLII OPERA. 12mo. Geneva, 1635.\n\nGAFFARELL'S UNHEARD-OF CURIOSITIES. Translated by Chelmead. London. 12mo.\n1650.\n\nPAMPHLETS.\n\nJUNIUS DISCOVERED. By P. T. Published about 1789.\n\nREASONS FOR REJECTING THE EVIDENCE OF MR. ALMON, &c. 1807.\n\nANOTHER GUESS AT JUNIUS. Hookham. 1809.\n\nTHE AUTHOR OF JUNIUS DISCOVERED. Longmans. 1821.\n\nTHE CLAIMS OF SIR P. FRANCIS REFUTED. Longmans. 1822.\n\nWHO WAS JUNIUS? Glynn. 1837.\n\nSOME NEW FACTS, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nParticulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the\ngentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are\ngiven for that purpose:\n\nPOINTER'S BRITANNIA ROMANA. Oxford, 1724.\n\nPOINTER'S ACCOUNT OF A ROMAN PAVEMENT AT STUNSFIELD, OXON. Oxford, 1713.\n\nROMAN STATIONS IN BRITAIN. London, 1726.\n\nA SURVEY OF ROMAN ANTIQUITIES IN SOME MIDLAND COUNTIES. London, 1726.\n\n    Wanted by _Rev. J. W. Hewett_, Bloxham, Banbury.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726.\n\nG. MACROPEDII, HECASTUS, FABULA. Antwerp, 1539. 8vo.\n\nG. MACROPEDII, FABULAE COMICAE. 2 Tom. 8vo. Utrecht, 1552.\n\n    Wanted by _William J. Thoms_, 25. Holywell Street, Millbank,\n    Westminster.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nINDICATIONS OF SPRING, by Robt. Marsham, Esq., F.R.S.\n\nTHE VILLAGE CURATE, by Hurdis.\n\nCALENDAR OF FLORA, by Stillingfleete.\n\n    Wanted by _J. B. Whitborne_, 54. Russell Terrace, Leamington.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nBOOKS WANTED. _We believe that gentlemen in want of particular books,\neither by way of loan or purchase, would find great facilities in obtaining\nthem if their names and addresses were published, so that parties having\nthe books might communicate directly with those who want them. Acting on\nthis belief, we shall take advantage of the recent alteration in the law\nrespecting advertisements, and in future, where our Correspondents desire\nto avail themselves of this new arrangement, shall insert their names and\naddresses--unless specially requested not to do so._\n\nALL COMMUNICATIONS _should be addressed to the Editor_, _to the care of_\nMr. Bell, 186. Fleet Street. _They should be_ distinctly _written_; _and\ncare should be taken that all Quotations are copied with accuracy_: _and in\nall cases of References to Books the editions referred to should be\nspecified_. _Every distinct subject should form a separate communication_;\n_all inquiries respecting communications forwarded for insertion should\nspecify the subjects of such communications_.\n\nARTERUS (Dublin) _has not replied to our inquiry as to the book from which\nhe has transcribed the Latin verses which form the subject of his Query_.\n\nOUR PROSPECTUS _has been reprinted at the suggestion of several\nCorrespondents_, _and we shall be happy to forward copies to any friends\nwho may desire to assist us by circulating them_.\n\nSEMPER PARATUS. _We cannot afford the information desired. Out\nCorrespondent would probably be more successful on application to the\neditor of the paper referred to._\n\n{378}\n\nJ. R. (Bangor), _who inquires respecting_ Vox Populi Vox Dei, _is informed\nthat the proverb is found in_ William of Malmesbury; _and is referred for\nits history to_ \"N. & Q.\" Vol. i., pp. 370. 419. 492.; Vol. iii., pp. 288.\n381.; _and M. Cornewall Lewis'_ Essay on the Influence of Authority in\nMatters of Opinion, p. 172.\n\nS. A. S. _is thanked. His hint will not be lost sight of._\n\nA. Z. _We have received a_ Pedigree of the Reynolds Family _for this\nCorrespondent; where shall it be sent_?\n\n_We are compelled to postpone until next week our_ NOTES ON BOOKS, _and_\nREPLIES _to several other Correspondents_.\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a\nHalf_.--_Copies are being made up and may be had by order._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.\n\nTHE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.\n\n(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY.)\n\nOf Saturday, October 8, contains Articles on\n\n  Agriculture, Swiss, by Mr. Brown\n  Agricultural progress\n  ---- statistics\n  Aphides, to kill, by Mr. Creed\n  Asparagus, French\n  Berberry blight\n  Birds, instinct of, by the Rev. F. F. Statham\n  Books noticed\n  Bouyardias, scarlet\n  British Association\n  Calendar, horticultural\n  ---- agricultural\n  Camellia culture\n  Charlock\n  Corn averages and rents, by Mr. Willich\n  Cuttings, to strike\n  Diastema quinquevulnerum\n  Draining clay\n  Fibre, woody\n  Fork, Mr. Mechi's steel\n  Forking machine\n  Hedges, ornamental\n  Hitcham Horticultural Society\n  Holly tree, by Mr. Brown\n  Machines, forking\n  Manure, liquid, and irrigation, by Mr. Mechi\n  National Floricultural Society\n  Nectarine, Stanwick, by Mr. Cramb\n  Nymphaea gigantea, by M. Van Houtte\n  Peas, late\n  Pig farming\n  Plants, woody fibre of\n  ---- striking bedding\n  ---- new\n  Poultry shows\n  Rents, and corn averages, by Mr. Willich\n  Rye-grass, Italian\n  Sinodendron cylindricum (with engraving)\n  Statistics, agricultural\n  Steam culture\n  Village Horticultural Society\n  Ward's (Mr.) garden\n  Warrea quadrata\n  Wheat, seed\n  ---- sowing\n  Wheel, when is it a lever\n  Winter, tokens of\n  Woody fibre\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to\nthe above, the Covent garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices,\nwith returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool and Seed\nMarkets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the\ntransactions of the week_.\n\nORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington\nStreet, Covent Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--Crystallised Nitrate of Silver, 4s. per oz. in bottle. 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HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of\nIndices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are\ngreatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in\nAntiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches\namong the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or\nother Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,\nHistory, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had\nconsiderable experience.\n\n1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,--25. CANNON STREET, CITY.--The Advantages\noffered by this Society are Security, Economy, and lower Rates of Premium\nthan most other Offices.\n\nNo charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies indisputable.\n\nLoans granted to Policy-holders.\n\nFor the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low as\n20l., at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.\n\nProspectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application to\n\n  HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{379}\n\nINDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S\nHEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual\nremedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves\nfifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal,\nliver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia\n(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,\nflatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin,\nrheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea,\nand under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants,\nfits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.\n\n_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_\n\n    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de\n    Decies:--\"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta\n    Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to\n    authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES.\"\n\n    Cure, No. 49,832:--\"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,\n    nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness\n    at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent\n    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk.\"\n\n    Cure, No. 180:--\"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,\n    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and\n    which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured\n    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,\n    Tiverton.\"\n\n    Cure, No. 4,208:--\"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with\n    cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the\n    advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious\n    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any\n    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk.\"\n\n_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._\n\n    \"Bonn, July 19. 1852.\n\n    \"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,\n    nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases,\n    all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of\n    body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys\n    and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp\n    of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and\n    hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most\n    satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,\n    where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and\n    bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the\n    troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the\n    conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of\n    incipient hectic complaints and consumption.\n\n    \"DR. RUD WURZER.\n    \"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn.\"\n\nLondon Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her\nMajesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all\nrespectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably\npacked for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s.\n6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.\nand 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry\nCo., 77. Regent Street, London.\n\nIMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious\nimitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and\nothers, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name\nBARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which\nnone is genuine_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.\n  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.\n  T. Grissell, Esq.\n  J. Hunt, Esq.\n  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  E. Lucas, Esq.\n  J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  J. B. White, Esq.\n  J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,\n      Esq.\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       L   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4\n   22       1  18   8\n   27       2   4   5\n   32       2  10   8\n   37       2  18   6\n   42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions.\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most\ncelebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of\nthe principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A\nPortrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra\nCopies for 10s.\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nDAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest.\nTo be had in great variety at\n\nMcMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.\n\nPrice List Gratis.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions\n(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at\nBLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of\nevery Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in\nall its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\n*** Catalogues may be had on application.\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\nMakers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodised Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,\nSanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.\nIodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.\n\nSold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.\nPaternoster Row, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have,\nby an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,\nthey may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any\nother hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and\nappreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.\n\nApparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of\nPhotography. Instruction in the Art.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,\nis superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,\nfrom its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,\nits extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or\nPortraits.\n\nEvery Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,\n&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,\nIslington.\n\nNew Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.\n\nKNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of\nthe best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's\nLenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and\npure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.\nForwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.\n\nInstructions given in every branch of the Art.\n\nAn extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{380}\n\nARCHAEOLOGICAL WORKS\n\nBY\n\nJOHN YONGE AKERMAN,\n\nFELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITARIES OF LONDON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic,\nRomano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15s. cloth,\nillustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five hundred\nobjects.\n\nA NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.\n\n    *** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and\n    will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of\n    Greek, Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours'\n    careful reading Instead of a fac-simile Engraving being given of that\n    which is already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and\n    characteristic features of the Coin are dissected and placed by\n    themselves, so that the eye soon becomes familiar with them.\n\nA DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the Earliest\nPeriod to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2 vols. 8vo.,\nnumerous Plates, 30s.\n\nCOINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain. 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition, with\nan entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. 6d.\n\nANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and described,\ncontaining the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with Plates of\nseveral hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18s.\n\nNEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of\nthe.--Fine Paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in various\nPublic and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5s. 6d.\n\nAN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol. fcp.\n8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price 6s. 6d.\ncloth.\n\n    CONTENTS:--Section 1. Origin of Coinage--Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek\n    Civic Coins. 3. Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman\n    Coinage--Consular Coins. 5. Roman Imperial Coins. 6. Roman British\n    Coins. 7. Ancient British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage. 9. English\n    Coinage from the Conquest. 10. Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland.\n    12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. Continental Money in the Middle Ages. 14.\n    Various Representatives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and Modern\n    Times. 16. Table of Prices of English Coins realised at Public Sales.\n\nTRADESMEN'S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year 1648\nto 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of the\nBritish Museum, &c. 15s.\n\nREMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. Publishing\nin 4to., in Numbers, at 2s. 6d. With coloured Plates.\n\nA GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo., 3s.\n\nTHE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is Published Quarterly. Price 3s. 6d. each Number.\n\nJOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPUBLISHED BY GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street, London.\n\nSHORT MEDITATIONS for EVERY DAY in the YEAR. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR\nHOOK, D.D., 4 vols. fcap. 8vo., large type, 14s. cloth; 30s. morocco.\n\n    \"Remarkable for the freshness and vigour which are maintained\n    throughout.\"--_Christian Remembrancer._\n\n    \"All Church people will hail with heartfelt welcome this beautifully\n    printed edition of a work, the Christian piety and spiritual powers of\n    which have been already fully appreciated and deeply felt by thousand\n    of pious and intelligent readers.\"--_Church Sunday School Magazine._\n\nTHE CHRISTIAN TAUGHT by the CHURCH'S SERVICES. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR\nHOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. New Edition, in 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., large type,\nfine paper, 10s. calf, old style, 14s.\n\n    \"The plan is exceedingly good; the seasons of the Christian year are\n    admirably marked by suitable contemplations.\"--_Christian\n    Remembrancer._\n\nHOLY THOUGHTS AND PRAYERS: arranged for Daily Use on Each Day of the Week,\naccording to the stated Hours of Prayer. New Edition, with Additions,\n16mo., cloth, 2s.; calf, gilt edges, 3s.\n\n    \"Well arranged ... and from its ecclesiastical and devotional tone, is\n    a valuable companion, especially for those whose occupation gives them\n    opportunity for frequent religious exercises.\"--_Christian\n    Remembrancer._\n\nA COMPANION TO THE ALTAR. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D. 18mo.,\ncloth, 2s.; calf, gilt edges, 3s.\n\n    \"It has been reprinted for reasons which are well stated by the author\n    in his original advertisement (1740):--'I have interwoven as many\n    scriptural phrases as in the course of my reading I could find\n    applicable to the subject. I have carefully avoided all rapturous\n    expressions which can only suit a few persons, and have endeavoured to\n    express myself in such a manner as may suit a young beginner in\n    religion, as well as a greater proficient.'\"--_Extract from Preface._\n\nTHE CHURCH SUNDAY SCHOOL HYMN BOOK. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D.\nLarge paper, cloth, 1s. 6d.; calf, 3s. 6d.\n\n*** For Cheap Editions of the above Five Books see List of the Devotional\nLibrary.\n\nVERSES for HOLY SEASONS. By C. F. H., Author of \"Moral Songs,\" \"The Baron's\nLittle Daughter,\" \"The Lord of the Forest and his Vassals,\" &c. Edited by\nWALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. Third edition, cloth, 3s.;\nmorocco, 6s. 6d.\n\n    \"An unpretending and highly useful book, suggestive of right thoughts\n    at the right season.\"--_English Journal of Education._\n\nSERMONS, SUGGESTED by the MIRACLES of our LORD and SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST. By\nWALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10s. cloth.\nVol. II. may be had separately, to complete sets.\n\nThese Sermons, preached every evening during Lent, are published by\nrequest.\n\nFIVE SERMONS; Preached before the University of Oxford. Third edition,\ncloth, 3s.\n\nA LETTER to his PARISHIONERS on the USE of the ATHANASIAN CREED. By WALTER\nFARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. Sixth Edition, price 6d., or 4s. the\ndozen.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS IN ITALY.\n\nThe following are now ready.\n\nHANDBOOK FOR NORTH ITALY.--Being a Guide to SARDINIA, LOMBARDY, VENICE,\nPARMA, PIACENZA, MODENA, LUCCA, FLORENCE, and TUSCANY, as far as the VAL\nD'ARNO. With Maps and Plates. Post 8vo. 9s.\n\nII.\n\nHANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY. Part I.--Being a Guide to SOUTHERN TUSCANY and\nthe PAPAL STATES. With Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. 7s.\n\nIII.\n\nHANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY, Part II.--Being a Guide to ROME and its\nEnvirons. With Plan, Post 8vo. (Nearly Ready.)\n\nIV.\n\nHANDBOOK FOR SOUTHERN ITALY.--Being a guide to the CONTINENTAL PORTION of\nthe TWO SICILIES, including NAPLES, POMPEII, HERCULANEUM, VESUVIUS, BAY OF\nNAPLES, &c. With Map and Plans. Post 8vo. 15s.\n\nV.\n\nHANDBOOK TO THE ITALIAN SCHOOLS OF PAINTING--From the German of Kugler.\nWith 100 Illustrations from the Old Masters. Post 8vo.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVI., is published on SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15th.\n\n          CONTENTS:\n  I. THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.\n  II. MURDER OF THOMAS A BECKET.\n  III. THE DAUPHIN IN THE TEMPLE.\n  IV.  THE HOLY PLACES.\n  V. DIARY OF CASAUBON.\n  VI. ELECTRO-BIOLOGY AND MESMERISM.\n  VII. LIFE OF HAYDON.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready,\n\nMURRAY'S MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY BOOK. A New and Cheaper Edition, most\ncarefully revised and improved. With 100 Woodcuts. Price FIVE SHILLINGS,\nstrongly bound.\n\n*** Of this Popular Work more than 210,000 Copies have been sold.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCOMPLETION OF THE WORK. cloth 1s.: by post, 1s. 6d., p. 192.--WELSH\nSKETCHES, THIRD (and Last) SERIES. By the Author of \"Proposals for\nChristian Union.\"--Contents: 1. Edward the Black Prince. 2. Owen Glendower,\nPrince of Wales. 3. Mediaeval Bardism. 4. The Welsh Church.\n\n    \"Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the\n    principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our\n    island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and\n    language still linger.\"--_Notes and Queries._\n\nLondon: JAMES DARLING. 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish\nof St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.\nBride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.\nFleet Street. in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of\nLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid--Saturday, October\n15, 1853.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCorrections made to printed original.\n\npage 359, \"take its meaning from lic\": 'form lic' in original\n\npage 360, \"a biography of the Hakem\": 'Hamsah, the Hakem' in original,\ncorrected by errata in Issue 208.\n\npage 364, \"dated Renfrew, Feb. 15, 1753\": '1653' in original, corrected by\nerrata in Issue 208.\n\npage 378, \"All other Photographic Chemicals\": 'other' repeated in original.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 207, October 15, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":23171}