{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_27648/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_27648","id":"gutenberg_27648","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/27648","summary":null,"tags":["Buchanan's Journal of Man","Category: Archaeology & Anthropology","Category: Philosophy & Ethics","Category: Religion/Spirituality","Category: Science - Biology","Medicine -- Periodicals","Phrenology -- Periodicals","Science -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net\n\n\n\n\n\n                             BUCHANAN'S\n                           JOURNAL OF MAN.\n\n             VOL. I.        AUGUST, 1887.        NO. 7.\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS OF JOURNAL OF MAN.\n\n\n  Creation's Mysteries\n  A True Poet--The Poetry of Peace and the Practice of War\n  The Volap\u00fck Language\n  Progress of the Marvellous\n  Glances Round the World\n  MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE--Photography Perfected; The Cannon King;\n    Land Monopoly; The Grand Canals; The Survival of Barbarism;\n    Concord Philosophy; The Andover War; The Catholic Rebellion;\n    Stupidity of Colleges; Cremation; Col. Henry S. Olcott; Jesse\n    Shepard; Prohibition; Longevity; Increase of insanity;\n    Extraordinary Fasting; Spiritual Papers\n  Cranioscopy (Continued)\n  Practical Utility of Anthropology in its Psychic Department\n\n\n\nCREATION'S MYSTERIES\n\n\nDr. B. Cyriax, editor of the _Spiritualistische Bl\u00e4tter_, published at\nLiepsic, Ger., has given in the issue of March 31st the following\ncommunications from Dr. Hahnemann and Dr. Spurzheim, delivered through\na trance medium. They are valuable essays, whatever may be their\nsource, and the reader will not fail to observe their general\ncoincidence with the doctrine presented by myself in the May number of\nthe JOURNAL OF MAN in the article on the \"Genesis of the Brain.\"\n\nWishing to have a psychometric test, I placed in the hands of Mrs.\nBuchanan a portion of the manuscript of Spurzheim, who died fifty-five\nyears ago, to see if her conception of his thought would coincide with\nthe report from the trance medium. Her nervous system being somewhat\ndisturbed at the time, she was unable to go as far as I wished, but\nshe gave the following impressions:\n\n    \"This has been written sixty or seventy years ago, written by a\n    person of very broad, elevated mind, progressive, a teacher or\n    writer--perhaps both. He had a great deal of will power, strong,\n    and decisive, was very independent, not afraid to give his\n    views, but had a great deal of opposition to his sentiments. He\n    was of a scientific cast of mind, was acquainted with medical\n    science, and was more interested in the brain than anything\n    else. He would talk, lecture, and write about the brain, and had\n    very correct views in advance of others. He is in spirit life\n    now. There is a warmth and nearness in the impression as though\n    he would be attracted to the science you are engaged in. His\n    mind broadens out into different lines of thought in spirit\n    life--things appertaining to what he was interested in here, and\n    kindred subjects. He thinks you are developing in the right\n    direction. I think he has communicated with you. I think he has\n    an overshadowing approval of your work. He feels that you are in\n    an original line of thought, not dominated by any other minds.\n    There seems an overshadowing influence that stimulates you.\"\n\nAs to his having communicated with me, it is true that over thirty\nyears ago I received some remarkable communications from him, through\na rapping medium, the messages being spelled out by the alphabet, and\nhis suggestions entirely in consonance with my teachings.\n\nI then asked, \"What views does he have of the process of creation and\ndevelopment of life on the globe?\" Which was answered \"His views are\nsuch as have been expressed by the believers in evolution, from the\nlower to the higher orders of creation. I feel a pressure of\nintellectual conceptions, but my nervous system is not in a state to\nexpress it.\"\n\nI then read through the statement of Spurzheim's views (his name being\nstill unknown to Mrs. B.), and asked how they coincided with the\nsentiments she perceived in the person she described. She replied, \"I\nthink he accepts or approves it generally. He would certainly sanction\nsuch ideas. I think he has communicated, and that he would, in control\nof a medium, express such ideas.\"\n\nThe messages of Hahnemann and Spurzheim have been so well translated\nby a correspondent of the _Golden Gate_, that I reproduce them as\ngiven in that journal, as follows:\n\n    \"If you consider the high development of the Caucasian race, it\n    is repulsive to your sentiments to believe that man belongs to\n    the animal kingdom as its highest link, and springs from this\n    kingdom. Yet this feeling is false, and must be destroyed, since\n    it originates only in self-conceit and it is not so very\n    difficult to arrive at a juster view. Only go back to the time\n    of Charlemagne or to that of Augustus, and observe the great\n    mass of your forefathers, and you will find so great a\n    difference, that you will be as much alarmed as if in the\n    presence of Indians, when such a tribe of Germans is brought\n    before you. Then go still further back into the pre-historic\n    times, and form an image of the pile-builders and their mode of\n    life, and of the cave-dwellers and their imperfect weapons and\n    tools, and you will have to confess that these are separated\n    from the present Europeans by a greater gap than are the\n    uncultured inhabitants of the earth of to-day. And yet these\n    cave-dwellers and pile-builders had already reached a high\n    degree of culture in comparison with those who had preceded them\n    by thousands of years; and if we thus join link to link in the\n    chain backwards, we must come to the conclusion that the\n    original men were but little distinguished in form and bodily\n    structure, as well as in intellectual capacity, and at first\n    hardly at all, from the animals standing next them, the\n    four-handed ones.\n\n    \"The assumption that God has created man perfect, _i. e._, in\n    body, but without power of judgment, and that he obtained this\n    only by transgressing a command and a prohibition, and thus by a\n    crime, so that he first began to degenerate upon the awakening\n    in him of the divine intellect and reason, we leave wholly one\n    side as absolutely contradicted by positive science, and only\n    inquire, how, then, did man originate in so low a form? There\n    are but two answers to this question. The one is, that man was\n    placed upon the earth by an outside power in full size, rudeness\n    and stupidity, in order to be left to his fate there in an\n    unknown land, and to struggle for his existence with unknown\n    animals. Or, on the other hand, that man was developed in a\n    quite natural way, according to the law of evolution, out of the\n    class of animals standing next below him. You are aware that we\n    do not favor the first view, but so much the more earnestly\n    embrace the latter. According to the law of evolution and\n    adaptation the talents and capacities of animals were steadily\n    changed in the course of thousands of years, following the\n    changed relations of climate and soil, so as to fit themselves\n    for the new conditions of sustenance and existence. In\n    proportion as all nature became changed, so that at the end of a\n    so-called geological period no comparison could be made with the\n    beginning of the next preceding one, in that same proportion and\n    measure the plants and animals had also changed, so that\n    scarcely any more resemblance existed between these and those\n    from which they originated. It is self-evident that amid such\n    changes only those specimens continued to exist, which had\n    adapted themselves in their progressive development in their\n    organs and capacities in the best way to the new conditions of\n    their existence. All those which had not thus changed lost the\n    conditions of their existence and died out. But where did these\n    organs and capacities, fitted to the newer relations, gain their\n    form and development? In the mother-pouch of the female,\n    undoubtedly! And of course this improvement advanced with each\n    succeeding generation, so that animals which originally only\n    lived in water, through gradual efforts to go on dry land also,\n    to which, perhaps, they were forced to preserve their species,\n    thereby changed the original fins into legs and later into\n    web-feet by which they were adapted to live in water as well as\n    on land (amphibia).\n\n    \"Now likewise there was developed in the gigantic four-handed\n    Saurians such a change in the mother-pouch of the female animals\n    as the ever finer organized brain created, so that in the course\n    of thousands of years, a creature was gradually developed which\n    overstepped the last stage of the sense-developed understanding\n    and comprehension, and was in a position, through the putting\n    into activity of the upper and front brain, to distinguish evil\n    from good and to think independently. Of these creatures,\n    likewise, only those survive that had in themselves the capacity\n    for further development, while the rest perished. The survivors\n    were the original men; those that perished formed the\n    intermediate link between man and the brute. Thus, out of the\n    infinite efforts of nature to create a finer organized species\n    from the four-handed Saurians, came forth not only men, but the\n    failures, the apes. So man does not descend from the ape, but\n    both have only one stock, which is the four-handed animals\n    sprung from the flesh-devouring Saurians.\n\n    \"Thus we can settle whence man comes and how he arose, but that\n    does not solve the problem whence comes life or how it arose,\n    yet on this point I will give place to friend Spurzheim.\n\n    \"Dr. Spurzheim then took control and spoke over half an hour in\n    his peculiarly striking, logical and convincing way, yet it is\n    quite impossible to repeat this discourse as it was given. It\n    ran about as follows:\n\n    \"Worthy friends, friend Hahnemann has just given you an\n    explanation of the origin of man to which I have nothing to add.\n    The question whether the egg existed before the hen or the hen\n    before the egg has often been called an idle one, and yet it\n    obtrudes itself upon everybody. Our eyesight teaches that the\n    egg comes from the hen, but at the same time also that the hen\n    is developed from the egg, and if we go farther back we are lost\n    in infinity. The theological view that God put into the world\n    all that exists, all animals from the smallest seen by the\n    microscope to the largest gigantic creatures in pairs and fully\n    grown, seems to solve the problem of the egg and the hen, but\n    has long since been refuted by science, so that we need not\n    further meddle with it, and so much the less as thereby the\n    question of the origin of life is not even touched. Let us now\n    make a violent leap from man out into infinite space and back\n    millions of years before the origin of man upon the earth. What\n    do we see there? Unnumbered worlds, all which, like the sun,\n    have brought forth other worlds dependent on them, and these by\n    their development taking place according to like uniform laws in\n    their infinite differences in size and specific gravity, yet\n    ever striving after the same great end, the production of beings\n    endowed with reason, offer the most glorious picture of Godlike\n    power and harmony. The worlds born of these suns (planets) all\n    originated in like manner, since the parts lying along the\n    circumference of the suns, by their motion in space cooled off\n    the sooner, broke away in irregular masses, and while\n    contracting into globular shapes and revolving upon their own\n    axis, yet by the force of attraction and their original motion\n    bound to the bodies, whirl around these and with these move on\n    in space. And though these balls of glowing gas, as the earth\n    for example in its origin, in contrast with the mother-body\n    (sun) are somewhat cooled off, yet is the heat of the same still\n    so great (some reckoning it at two or six thousand degrees while\n    others hold it incomputable) that absolutely no life can exist\n    within such balls of fire. But after the more solid parts are\n    formed (granite, porphyry, etc.,) gradually by cooling off and\n    contracting, and these are fused together into larger masses,\n    then begin the ribs of the earth-structure, the rocky\n    foundations of the super-structure, and as soon as the\n    development of the earth is so far advanced that oxygen and\n    hydrogen can be formed into water, which falls down in frightful\n    masses upon the hot rocks and dissolves them on the surface,\n    then begins the condition productive of cells and carbon\n    entering into the connection, and the first plants are brought\n    forth; the alg\u00e6 first, then the lichens and ferns, which are\n    developed into gigantic dimensions. Prior to and simultaneous\n    with the formation of cells went on the production of crystals\n    and the mineral as well as the vegetable kingdoms were further\n    and further developed. Contemporary with the first plant-cells\n    the conditions were plainly offered for the formation of the\n    first life-cells. And now the question arises, What is life?\n    Whence comes it? Although it is certain that in the process of\n    development of the earth after its separation from the sun no\n    life was present.\n\n    \"It is asserted that life is motion and is an attribute of\n    matter; yet that is something wholly different from what is\n    understood by the term. Thus far science has pointed out no\n    distinction between dead and living protoplasm, and the\n    affirmation that the primordial cells are the source of life is\n    not tenable, since the cell is an organization that presupposes\n    life, and so, at most, the original cell could be designated as\n    but the first expression of life. For a short time it was\n    assumed that life came to the earth through meteors or parts of\n    worlds that had gone to pieces, but this idea was soon given up,\n    because neither the manifold nature of life nor the origin of\n    the same could thereby be explained or determined, and thus the\n    question was only pushed farther back, since what was desired to\n    be known, was, how life originated on the world that was\n    destroyed.\n\n    \"When, and under what circumstances, life began on the earth can\n    not be accurately fixed, yet it is clear that at the time when\n    the ocean still covered nearly all the earth and was so hot that\n    not a single one of the now existing plants and living beings\n    could then exist, the life in that ocean and on its bottom was\n    so infinitely grand in its proportions that men can now form no\n    adequate conception of the same. The force of growth as well as\n    of decay was immense, and all that was grown or made by its\n    decay only increased the mass of life-producing substance.\n\n    \"There are three theories as to the origin of living beings:\n\n    \"1. God made all animals, including man, in pairs and of full\n    size.\n\n    \"2. The elements of physical nature and the forces dwelling in\n    matter by a lucky arrangement of atoms developing living organs\n    out of matter.\n\n    \"3. An intelligent, intellectual force permeates matter, and\n    wherever this in its development attains the conditions for the\n    maintenance of life (and so a higher manifestation of force than\n    in the mineral) it brings forth the intellectual life in the\n    protoplasmic germ for the finest organism. Through the laws of\n    inheritance, of change, of the multiplication of progressive\n    development, of natural selection and of the persistence of the\n    most gifted individuals, living beings are developed through all\n    classes and species up to man.\n\n    \"With the first theory we need not concern ourselves further, as\n    we have already branded it as hostile to reason and knowledge,\n    although theologians have sought to maintain that Almighty God\n    has made the earth with all that is in it and upon it, just as\n    it now exists, and have even gone so far as to affirm in\n    opposition to the effect of geological discoveries, that God\n    himself had created or deposited the fossil remains of animals\n    found under the bed of the Euphrates (the spot where paradise is\n    said to have been) exactly there and in a petrified condition.\n\n    \"The second theory seems more probable; it assumes that force\n    and matter are one and the same, matter possessing force as a\n    quality; but overlooks the fact that what is called matter first\n    came forth as a product out of the glowing mass of primary gas\n    or world-material, and hence that matter, or world-material, to\n    which the life-producing force is attached, is to be sought away\n    back before the time when began the formations of worlds in\n    their incandescent state, whereby it is, of course, conceded\n    that life in the ordinary sense was destroyed, if it really\n    subsisted before the heating of the particles of matter.\n\n    \"Another objection to this theory is this, that if organizations\n    spring from the favorable union of atoms, this surrenders the\n    rule to chance and excludes a unitary order of the world, while\n    failing to explain the origin of thinking, moral and\n    reason-gifted beings; since, if thinking, reason and moral\n    sentiment spring from matter, they must be attributes of the\n    same; and since the product is always less than the producer, it\n    follows that intelligence, reason and ethics must be present\n    somewhere in matter in a concentrated form; and this reflection\n    brings us quite naturally to the third theory.\n\n    \"The intellectual, divine principle penetrates matter as the\n    positive element, which under definite conditions steadily works\n    upon the negative element of the original substance and forces\n    the same under constant changing of form and combining parts, to\n    realize definite, universally similar ideas, and to attain\n    definite aims; and wherever matter in the process of development\n    offers certain conditions, there the intellectual element\n    produces what is called life. And this takes for granted that\n    life may spring up spontaneously there where there was no life\n    before; and this fact has been established beyond all reasonable\n    doubt. The juice of mutton, beef and a mixture of gelatine and\n    sugar have been put in separate vessels, these made air-tight\n    and exposed for a long time to a heat of as much as three\n    hundred degrees of Fahrenheit, so as to be quite sure that all\n    living germs were destroyed. Yet after the lapse of weeks in\n    some cases and of months in others, living beings were developed\n    in the vessels.\n\n    \"Under the relation of the earth as existing to-day, life would\n    again be developed, if we were in a condition instantaneously to\n    annihilate all life; yet the same results would not be produced\n    as in the original period, because the needed materials are no\n    longer present in the mighty masses, nor in the requisite fluid\n    and gaseous conditions to attain so powerful effects, to which\n    belong also as necessary conditions the far higher temperature\n    and the greater humidity of the atmosphere of that epoch. In the\n    first creative period the force as well as the material were\n    present in colossal measure and then arose those gigantic plants\n    and animals, which laid the foundation for all later organisms.\n    Without the colossal ferns and lichens and palm-like growths of\n    the early ages, the plants of to-day would have been impossible,\n    and without the monstrous giant creatures of old, which became\n    more and more refined through gradual adaptation to altered\n    relations, the modern animal kingdom could not have arisen. This\n    adaptation is one of the most wonderful phenomena in the history\n    of the development of the earth and is found as well in the\n    realm of plants as in that of animals. Originally there were\n    only aquatic animals, but as the relations changed so that it\n    became necessary, partly for the procuring of food and partly\n    for the safety of the offspring, that animals should go on land,\n    their attempts constantly repeated to do so, gradually produced\n    a change in the limbs fitted for motion, and so came about the\n    transformation of fins into wings in the creatures that wanted\n    to rise out of the water into the air, which then had far more\n    carrying power than at the present day.\n\n    \"Whatever may be said about the qualities of matter and the\n    force united with it (more truly the force manifesting itself\n    therein), it cannot be denied, that the plan of creation is a\n    unitary one, moving on according to definite laws and striving\n    towards definite final results. This presupposes that a\n    conscious idea lies at the basis of the creative plan, and this\n    implies an original consciousness which we call God. God and\n    nature are one, just as intellect and body are one in man.\n    Nature, _i. e._, substance, changes according to the impulses\n    that go out from God, but God remains unchanged. All that\n    possesses form, all organization must be destroyed in the\n    incandescent process of forming world-bodies, but the divine,\n    the intellectual principle is indestructible; and when matter\n    under the impulses that went forth from God, has reached the\n    grade of development at which organization is possible, then the\n    divine principle steps into force as the positive element, and\n    that is life. This positive element works on and on, steadily\n    producing higher forms and higher organizations, until in man it\n    fashions itself into a self-recognizing, conscious and\n    individual essence, which, as derived from God, is\n    indestructible, and after the consummation of its earthly\n    organism, is capable, as an individual, intellectual being, of\n    an infinitely progressive development.\n\n    \"So far man can attain by a chain of logical deductions; but to\n    define the idea that lies at the basis of the world-order is\n    impossible; just as also a man will never be in a condition to\n    find out or to comprehend how the working of the intellectual\n    element, upon the substance capable of change, is made possible.\n    Life is the self-manifested working of the intellectual element\n    upon matter. Man never understands the laws of life, though he\n    can understand the laws necessary for the preservation of life,\n    since he can deduce them from the outward manifestations of\n    life. Man must be contented with this; he can never understand\n    God; and since life is the expression of the divine activity,\n    its origin must ever remain a mystery to him.\"\n\nThough concurring generally in the foregoing views (which may have\nbeen materially modified by their channel) I do not accept them as a\nfinality. That a brooding spiritual power has to do with all\ndevelopment and progress I do not doubt. But this power is not\n_necessarily_ a monotonous and universal influence like gravitation or\ncaloric. There is no reason to forbid special acts of the creative\nspiritual energy, for we observe to-day the production of plants and\nof beautiful fabrics by spiritual power where the necessary conditions\nexist. Moreover, the greatest potency of spiritual power is at the\nbeginnings in the most plasmic conditions of matter. It is in the\nanimal germ and the vegetable seed that the invisible world is most\npotential, and I am inclined to think that naturalists have attached\ntoo much importance to the exterior environment, and too little to the\ninterior conditions in which the higher potencies of organization are\nto be found, and in which alone we may find the entrance of life from\nthe true world of life.\n\nThe hasty conclusions of naturalists as to _evolution_ do not explain\nthe evolution and the vast variety of the vegetable kingdom. To\nattribute this to any power of modification by environment, when we\nsee how little environment can do to make any _essential_ change in\nvegetation, would require more credulity than I would consider\njustifiable in the pursuit of scientific truths. So in the evolution\nof the animal kingdom, I believe the power of the physical environment\nhas been greatly overrated.\n\n\n\n\nA TRUE POET--THE POETRY OF PEACE AND THE PRACTICE OF WAR.\n\n\nIt is nearly thirty years since I met the English poet, Charles\nMackay, at Louisville, on his travels in America. At that time he gave\nme the following poem suggested by our conversation. I do not think\nthat he has ever published it:\n\n  Why, this longing, clay-clad spirit?\n    Why this fluttering of wings?\n  Why this striving to discover\n    Hidden and transcendent things?\n\n  Thou wouldst fathom Life and Being,\n    Thou wouldst see through Birth and Death.\n  Thou wouldst solve the eternal Riddle,\n    Thou, a speck, a ray, a breath!\n\n  Be at peace, thou struggling spirit,\n    Great Eternity denies\n  The unfolding of its secrets\n    In the circle of thine eyes.\n\n                                       CHARLES MACKAY,\n                              Louisville, Kentucky, Jan. 31, 1858.\n\nIt is the function of the poet to realize and revere the mystery, but\nit is the duty of philosophy to explore and dissipate it, as far as\npossible, for _mystery is the foe of human progress_.\n\nMackay, though not the poet of psychic science, is profoundly the poet\nof practical, humanitarian progress, as was shown in his sublime poem,\nbeginning,\n\n  \"The man is thought a knave or fool,\n    Or bigot plotting crime,\n  Who for the advancement of his kind\n    Is wiser than his time.\"\n\nThe psychometric impression from the manuscript of the foregoing poem\nwas as follows:\n\n    \"This seems like a poetical influence. I think the person who\n    wrote this, was adapted to intellectual pursuits,--a man of fine\n    powers of mind, but not fully progressed in thought. As far as\n    he knew, at the time of this writing, he was appreciative of\n    your suggestions, and of scientific progress. He was a\n    cool-headed man,--not a light or superficial thinker, but\n    thought on deep subjects. He was a brain worker; it makes my\n    brain tired. I think he published books--poems. I think he was\n    more a poet than a prose writer. He was not like Tom\n    Moore--there was nothing light or superficial--his poetry was\n    grand, solid, deep, stirring. He could write upon warlike\n    scenes, vividly and descriptively, but was not in favor of war.\n    He would deplore any appearance of war, but he had a patriotic\n    spirit, a proud spirit, and would defend the right and assail\n    the wrong.\"\n\nThis description was verified in his numerous volumes of poetry, such\nas \"Legends of the Islands,\" \"Poetry of the English Lakes,\" \"The\nBattle,\" \"Town Lyrics,\" etc. He also published three volumes of\n\"Memoirs of Popular Delusions,\" edited the _London Review_, and was\nthe war correspondent of the _London Times_ from this country during\nthe rebellion.\n\nHis opposition to war is shown in the following admirable poem, the\nreading of which revived my recollection of its author.\n\n\nFREEDOM'S WARFARE. BY CHARLES MACKAY.\n\n  We want no flag, no flaunting rag,\n    For Liberty to fight;\n  We want no blaze of murderous guns\n    To struggle for the right.\n  Our spears and swords are printed words\n    The mind our battle plain;\n  We've won such victories before,\n    And so we shall again.\n\n  We love no triumphs sprung of force--\n    They stain the brightest cause;\n  'Tis not in blood that Liberty\n    Inscribes her civil laws.\n  She writes them on the peoples' hearts\n    In language clear and plain;\n  True thoughts have moved the world before\n    And so they shall again.\n\n  We yield to none in earnest love\n    Of Freedom's cause sublime;\n  We join the cry \"Fraternity!\"\n    We keep the march of Time.\n  And yet we grasp not pike nor spear,\n    Our vict'ries to obtain;\n  We've won without their aid before,\n    And so we shall again.\n\n  We want no aid of barricades,\n    To show a front to wrong;\n  We have a citadel in truth,\n    More durable and strong.\n  Calm words, great thoughts, unflinching faith\n    Have never striv'n in vain;\n  They've won our battles many a time,\n    And so they will again.\n\n  Peace, Progress, Knowledge, Brotherhood;\n    The ignorant may sneer,\n  The bad deny; but we rely\n    To see their triumphs near.\n  No widow's groans shall load our cause,\n    Nor blood of brethren slain;\n  We've won without such aid before,\n    And so we shall again.\n\nThis poem expresses the sentiment and policy of the JOURNAL OF MAN.\nBut, ah, how utterly antagonistic to these noble sentiments is the way\nof the world at present, and the policy of the world's strong\ngovernments, upheld as they are by the so-called church of Christ,\nwhich is not the church of Christ but the church of Athanasius.\n\nEverywhere men are trained with skill and perseverance for the work of\nhomicide, as if murder were the most glorious work in which man could\nbe employed.\n\nEvery Frenchman in his twenty-first year is held by the government\n(with very few exceptions) to five years service in the active army,\nfour years in the reserve of the active army, five years in the\nterritorial army, and four in the reserve of the territorial\narmy--eighteen years altogether! Could his Satanic Majesty have\ndevised any better plan for destroying the moral distinction between\nmen and carnivorous beasts? The only mitigation of this horror is that\ncollege students are allowed to pass by one year's service, and a\nlottery of long and short terms allows a large number to escape with\nterms of abridged length.\n\nGermany, like France, forces everybody through the army, and it is but\nfive months since the continental governments were buying in England\nmillions of cartridges for the expected war which psychometry\npronounced a terrible delusion.\n\nAll governments are busy in preparing the deadliest possible weapons.\nEuropean nations have generally adopted magazine guns for their\nsoldiers. France has adopted the Kropatochek magazine rifle, Germany\nthe Manser rifle, Austria the Mannlicher magazine rifle, Italy the\nBertoldo magazine rifle, Russia the Berdan breechloader, Turkey the\nAmerican rifle. The magazine guns seem to have almost unlimited\ncapacities--firing 30 to 50 shots per minute which are fatal at a mile\ndistance. The only mitigation of these horrors is that of a German\nchemist's invention--an an\u00e6sthetic bullet which is claimed to produce\ncomplete insensibility, lasting for hours.\n\nExplosive shells of melinite are the leading idea in France. It is\nmanufactured at Bourges and is said to be a hundred times as powerful\nas gunpowder, or ten times nitroglycerine, and reduces what it strikes\nto a fine powder. They have also a new rifle powder which explodes\nwithout smoke.\n\nRussia has a new explosive, fifteen times as strong as any gunpowder,\nwhich produces no smoke.\n\nAmerica is not behind in explosives. Lieut. Graydon has been giving\nexhibitions near Washington of a new patent shell said to be seven\ntimes more powerful than dynamite, and yet so safe that it can be\nfired with powder from a common gun. Mr. Bernard Fannon of Westboro,\nMass., has invented and patented a shell of terrific power. It is made\nof iron, three inches thick, and weighs 540 pounds. The effects of its\nexplosion in a swamp near Westboro were wonderful. It is also said to\nbe perfectly safe.\n\nThe rivalry of cannon and armor plates is going on, the development of\ntorpedoes and shells is reaching its maximum, and the power of taking\na nation to the edge of starvation, for the building of monster ships,\ncosting each millions of dollars, is the study of CHRISTIAN (!!)\ngovernments.\n\nThirty years ago, the largest British cannon was a sixty-eight\npounder, costing $561, which might be fired for $275. Now they have a\n110-ton gun costing $97,500 to manufacture, and $935 to fire once.\n\nThe British government has gone into such matters deeply, paying Mr.\nBrennan over half a million dollars for his torpedo invention.\n\nThe British ship \"Victoria\" uses 900 pounds of powder to one of its\n110-ton guns which send a missile of 1,800 pounds.\n\nNelson's flag ship \"Victory\" used no larger powder charge than eight\npounds, and its heaviest shot was only sixty-eight pounds. A broadside\nupon the \"Victoria\" consumes 3,000 pounds of powder. Its 110-ton gun\nis moved by hydraulic machinery. Such a metallic monster would seem\nalmost incredible, but Krupp has constructed a still larger gun for\nItaly, 46 feet long and weighing over 118 tons.\n\nIt could not be sent overland by railway, but was sent to Antwerp for\nshipping on a specially constructed carriage 105 feet long, running on\n32 wheels.\n\nThe American steel cruiser \"Atlanta\" has two guns of eight-inch bore,\n24 feet long, sending out a projectile of 300 pounds which explodes on\nstriking,--firing correctly five miles. It costs $150 to to fire once.\n\nLieut. Zalinski is using a light steel tube, sixty feet long and one\nfoot in diameter, to fire explosive shells by air pressure. Great\nresults are expected from it, and it would save us from the enormous\ncost of modern cannon.\n\nFortunately, America, being out of the great maelstrom of war, can\ncultivate humane sentiments and abolish the barbarism of dueling,\nwhich still holds its ground in France and Germany in the highest\nranks of society.\n\nWe have had one terrible war to demoralize our nation, but now peace\nis secure and the old Federal and Confederate soldiers are active in\nexchanging visits and generous hospitalities North and South in a\npermanent and peaceful Union.\n\n  \"No vision of the morrow's strife\n    The warrior's dream alarms,\n  No braying horn, nor screaming fife,\n    At dawn shall call to arms.\"\n\nA re-established Union saves us from the wars and the military\ndespotism in which other republics have perished, and all can unite\nnow in the following beautiful tribute to the dead heroes:\n\n  \"By the flow of the inland river,\n    Whence the fleets of iron have fled,\n  Where blades of the green grass quiver,\n    Asleep are the ranks of the dead;\n  Under the sod and the dew,\n    Waiting the judgment day;\n  Under the one, the blue,\n    Under the other, the gray.\n\n  \"These, in the robings of glory,\n    Those in the gloom of defeat;\n  All with the battle-blood gory,\n    In the dusk of eternity meet.\n\n  \"From the silence of sorrowful hours\n    The desolate mourners go,\n  Lovingly laden with flowers,\n    Alike for the friend and the foe.\n\n  \"So, when the summer calleth,\n    On forest and field of grain,\n  With an equal murmur falleth\n    The cooling drip of the rain.\n\n  \"Sadly, but not with upbraiding,\n    The generous deed was done;\n  In the storm of the years that are fading,\n    No braver battle was won.\n\n  \"No more shall the war-cry sever,\n    Or the winding rivers be red;\n  They banish our anger forever,\n    When they laurel the graves of our dead.\n  Under the sod and the dew,\n    Waiting the judgment day;\n  Love and tears for the blue,\n    Tears and love for the gray.\"--_F. M. Finch._\n\nTHE GOSPEL OF PEACE has been illustrated in a Chattanooga Journal by a\nbeautiful incident, the meeting of the blue and gray in church, during\nthe war as follows:\n\n    \"At the bar banquet given Saturday night in honor of Judges Key\n    and Trewhitt, Mr. Templeton of Knoxville related an incident\n    which occurred during the war at a revival service held by his\n    father in North Georgia.\n\n    \"About the time that Sherman was driving Johnson toward\n    Atlanta,\" said he, \"some time in the early part of August, 1864,\n    my father was conducting a revival at a little house called Pine\n    Log Creek Church, about ten miles from Calhoun. The times were\n    most terrible about then; murder, robbery and rapine were of\n    daily occurrence, and the whole country was subject to\n    visitations by marauding parties from both armies. One day the\n    old gentleman was preaching a sermon of unusual power, and\n    before he had gotten well under way a gang of Confederate\n    soldiers rode up, and, dismounting out back of the church, asked\n    if they might be admitted to the church. Of course they were\n    cordially invited in, and took prominent seats in the church.\n\n    \"Not long afterward a cloud of dust was seen in the road from\n    the opposite direction to what the rebels had come, and pretty\n    soon the tramp of horses' hoofs was heard, and it was soon\n    discovered that it was a squad of Federal troops, and before the\n    Confederates in the church could be apprised of the approach,\n    they had ridden up to the door. Perceiving that religious\n    services were being held, they alighted and asked to be\n    admitted. They were told that there were Confederate soldiers in\n    the church, but they insisted on going in, and they were\n    admitted.\n\n    \"Naturally the strange spectacle created some consternation in\n    the congregation, and for a time it seemed as if the confusion\n    would break up the meeting. But my father raised his voice and\n    began most fervently to plead a better life, beseeching his\n    soldier hearers to become religious and abandon their sins. He\n    preached with unusual force and power, the strange scene lending\n    him inspiration. When he had concluded his sermon, as was the\n    custom then, he invited those who were converted to come forward\n    to the mourner's bench and pray and talk with him on the\n    all-important subject.\n\n    \"Then it was that one of the grandest sights ever witnessed\n    occurred. Those soldiers, enemies to each other, engaged in a\n    bloody war, arose as one man, friend and foe together, and\n    marched to the front of the church and kneeled together,\n    Confederate by Federal, their muskets joining and crossing each\n    other; their revolvers touching each other as they kneeled;\n    their heads bowed upon the same altar, and their tears mingling\n    almost in their deep contrition and profound feeling. All\n    animosities were forgotten, all strife forgotten--they were\n    together as brothers around a common altar.\n\n    \"After the service they met on the outside of the church, shook\n    hands, pledged fraternity, and each party went off, taking\n    opposite directions. They had been looking for each other,\n    perhaps with murderous intent. They found each other, but they\n    separated with love instead of hate, friendly instead of angry.\"\n\n\n\n\nTHE VOLAP\u00dcK LANGUAGE.\n\n\nIn the attempt to form a universal language, no one has proceeded more\nphilosophically than the late Stephen Pearl Andrews, who attempted to\nconstruct a language in which all the sounds should be selected in\naccordance with nature, being such as are naturally associated with\nthe ideas they are used to express.\n\nMr. Andrews, by his personal amiability, enthusiasm, and lucid\nintelligence, interested a number of disciples who have studied his\nlanguage called the _Alwato_, and it may be hoped will not allow it to\ndisappear with the life of its highly gifted and philosophic teacher.\n\nThe Volap\u00fck language which has no such pretention to philosophic\nconstruction, is coming into such prominence as to deserve the\nattention of the readers of this JOURNAL, hence I present the\nfollowing sketch which has been abridged from an article in the\n_American Magazine_ for June, written by Richard Walker:\n\n    \"VOLAP\u00dcK is the invention of the Rev. Father Johann Martin\n    Schleyer, of Constance, Baden, Germany. He is an accomplished\n    linguist, having for forty-six years been interested in the\n    study of language. He can speak and write twenty-eight tongues,\n    including the Chinese and three African languages, and is also\n    eminent as a priest, hymnologist and religious editor. He\n    invented his universal language in 1878, announced it in 1879,\n    and had so far perfected it in 1881 as to publish in that year a\n    small book, entitled \"Entwurf einer Weltsprache f\u00fcr alle\n    gebildte Erdbewohner\" (\"Plan of a Universal Language for all the\n    Civilized Inhabitants of the Earth\"). Thus the name, Volap\u00fck;\n    _vola_ meaning of the world, and _p\u00fck_ language.\n\n    \"Schleyer does not propose that Volap\u00fck shall supercede any\n    living language. He has attempted to make it so scientific and\n    natural, so regular in all the rules of construction, and\n    therefore so easy to learn, that every educated person will\n    acquire it next after the mother tongue; and he hopes that it\n    will thus become the accepted medium for all international\n    communications. With this end in view, he has formed it on the\n    general model of the Aryan family of languages; that is, its\n    signs represent letters and words, and not ideas; and the root\n    words of which it is constructed, instead of being arbitrary\n    sounds and signs, as in Bishop Wilkin's philosophical language,\n    or sounds that have a real or fancied natural meaning, as in\n    Stephen Pearl Andrews' \"Alwato,\" are taken principally from\n    living languages, the English being more largely drawn upon than\n    any other.\n\n    \"The alphabet employed is the Roman with some of the German\n    dotted letters added, and the continental sounds are given to\n    the letters. All words are phonetically spelled, so that there\n    are none of the difficulties of orthography and pronunciation to\n    be encountered which are so formidable in most natural\n    languages.\"\n\nIn making his Volap\u00fck vocabulary, Father Schleyer has sought first for\nthe simplest words now in use. If such words are to be found in the\nEnglish language, he has adopted them; if not, then he has drawn upon\nthe Latin, German, French, and Spanish languages in the order named.\nFor example, the word man in English, is a sufficiently simple root,\nand, therefore, _man_, with the same spelling and the continental\npronunciation, is made to signify a man, or the man in Volap\u00fck--for\nthe articles _a_ and _the_ are discarded. But house in English is\ninconveniently long and ends with a silent letter, and therefore the\nword _dom_, from the Latin word _domus_, is taken. In some instances\nneither of the languages named contains a root sufficiently simple,\nand then the inventor constructs a new one. But, so rich is the\nEnglish language in simple Anglo-Saxon roots, that more than one-half\nof the words in Volap\u00fck are derived from them, and the number of new\nwords whose roots are not to be found in any living language is\ncomparatively very small.\n\nTo the suggestion that, if the English language was to be drawn upon\nso largely it would have been better to have adopted that, and induce\nall educated persons to learn it, the advocates of Volap\u00fck reply,\nfirst, that its irregularities of construction, orthography, and\npronunciation make it too difficult to acquire; and secondly,\ninternational prejudice would prevent it from being universally\nadopted. The use of so many English roots, however, makes Volap\u00fck much\neasier to learn by one whose mother tongue is English, and thus bring\nit within reach of the largest number of people speaking a common\nlanguage, while it eliminates irregularities and does not arouse\nnational prejudices.\n\nThe names of the cardinal numbers follow the vowels in their regular\norder, a denoting the first, e the second, etc. Thus: _Bal_, 1; _tel_,\n2; _kil_, 3; _fol_, 4; _lul_, 5; _m\u00e4l_, 6; _vel_, 7; _j\u00f6l_, 8; _z\u00fcl_,\n9; _bals_, 10; _tels_, 20; _kils_, 30; _tum_, 100; _mil_, 1,000, etc.\nThe year 1887, written out in Volap\u00fck, is _Balmil j\u00f6ltum j\u00f6lsevel_.\nThe Arabic numerals are used as in English.\n\nS added to any word forms the plural, which is never formed in any\nother way. The first three vowels (a, e, i) added to any noun, form\nrespectively its genitive, dative, and accusative; s added to these\nforms makes the plurals of the same cases. Man is therefore declined\nas follows:\n\n    _Singular._                     _Plural._\n\n    NOM    _man_, the man;       _mans_, the men;\n    GEN    _mana_, of the man;   _manas_, of the men;\n    DAT    _mane_, to the man;   _manes_, to the men;\n    ACC    _mani_, the man;      _manis_, the men.\n\nEvery noun in the language is declined in the same way, so that all\ndeclensions may be learned in one minute.\n\nThe verbs in Volap\u00fck are all regular, and there is only one\nconjunction. The tenses are denoted by the vowels a, \u00e4, e, i, o, u,\nplaced before the verbs. When these vowels are preceded by p, it shows\nthat the verb is in the passive voice. The personal pronouns are:\n_ob_, I; _ol_, thou; _om_, he; _of_, she; _os_, it; _ok_, one's self.\nS added makes the plurals. _L\u00f6f_, meaning love, _l\u00f6f\u00f3b_, means I love;\n_l\u00f6f\u00f3l_, thou lovest, etc.; _\u00e4l\u00f6f\u00f3b_, I loved; _il\u00f6f\u00f3m_, he had loved;\n_ul\u00f6f\u00f3s_, it will have loved, etc.; _pal\u00f6f\u00f3ms_, they are loved;\n_pul\u00f6f\u00f3fs_, they will have been loved, etc. As it is only necessary to\nremember the few particulars named, all conjugation may be acquired in\nfive minutes.\n\nEnough has been given--and there is very little more of it--to show\nthe extreme simplicity of the Volap\u00fck grammar. It can be learned in an\nhour, and, as the variations of the nouns and verbs are indicated by\nthe vowels taken in their regular order, they are not easily\nforgotten. The principal labor necessary to acquire the language\nconsists, therefore, in memorizing the vocabulary. Since more than\none-half the roots are English, a person speaking that language can\nnaturally acquire the new one in less than one-half the time required\nfor any foreign language, and the better knowledge he has of Latin,\nFrench and Spanish, the faster will be his progress.\n\nAfter Father Schleyer published his first book, in 1881, he was soon\nable to interest a few persons in Germany in Volap\u00fck. It next got a\nfoothold in Switzerland, and then in Paris. English linguists are just\nbeginning to give attention to it, the only publication in English\nuntil very recently having been a bad adaptation of an abridged\ngrammar. But on the Continent it has gained in popularity very rapidly\nduring the last two or three years, so that there are now at least ten\nthousand persons who are familiar with and use it. More than three\nhundred and fifty have received diplomas as adepts. There are eight\nmonthly periodicals printed wholly in Volap\u00fck, or partly in Volap\u00fck\nand partly in other languages.\n\nIn the United States not more than twenty persons have studied\nVolap\u00fck, and only about half a dozen can read and write it. Mr.\nCharles E. Sprague, of New York, who holds the diploma of\nVolap\u00fckatidel, reads and writes it with ease, and to him I am under\nobligations for assistance in preparing this article. There are no\nVolap\u00fckese clubs or periodicals published in the language or in its\ninterest either in this country or in England. A large number of books\nin Volap\u00fck, or about it, have appeared in Germany, including grammars\nin eighteen languages, a German-Volap\u00fck dictionary containing twelve\nthousand words, a biography of the inventor, Father Schleyer,\npamphlets, etc.\n\n\n\n\nPROGRESS OF THE MARVELLOUS.\n\n\nMrs. L. C. Moulton, London correspondent of the _Boston Herald_, sends\nthe following, published July 17:\n\n    \"Like every body else, in London they are interested in\n    hypnotism, spiritualism, etc.--interested, I mean, as inquirers,\n    not as believers, and I saw a table move round briskly under the\n    pretty fingers of Mrs. Hunt and a young lady cousin of hers.\n\n    \"The latest feminine sensation is Miss Ramsey, the Girton girl\n    of twenty, who beat all the men at Cambridge this year in Greek;\n    and what makes her success still more triumphant, is that the\n    pretty little creature had only learned her Greek alphabet four\n    years ago, while the men had all been pegging away at the\n    language for ten years.\n\n    \"Prof. Stainton-Moses of University College, London, is\n    certainly a trained scientist, and a man accustomed to weigh\n    evidence, and tells me that with him spiritualism is not a\n    matter of mere belief, but of actual, personal knowledge. A\n    great deal of spiritual writing has been done through his own\n    hand; not professionally, but for his own satisfaction. Holding\n    Zoroaster or Aristotle in his left hand, and reading\n    attentively, he has written out most extraordinary things with\n    his right. For instance, one day--in answer, he thinks to a wish\n    on his part for an especially strong test--his hand wrote of the\n    death of a woman of whom he had never heard, giving her name and\n    the time and manner of her passing away, etc. 'But,' he said, as\n    he read it over, 'I don't see that this is a test. I could find\n    it in a newspaper; I may have read it, and unconsciously\n    remembered it.' Instantly it was written, 'No, that cannot be;\n    she died but an hour ago, and when you see it in the paper you\n    will have had your test.' The next day he searched the papers in\n    vain, but on the second morning, there, in the death column, he\n    found the announcement of the death, corresponding with what had\n    been written through him, in every particular of name, date, and\n    disease. Also he has seen spirits in friendly\n    converse--entertained them at his own fireside.\n\n    \"I went, by invitation of Prof. Stainton-Moses, to a festal\n    reunion of the 'Spiritual Alliance,' of which he is president,\n    and I am bound to say that I met there men and women who seemed\n    to me as sincere and earnest, and intelligent as one finds\n    anywhere. Oh, and I saw Eglinton--the medium who is now what\n    Home was--though he told me last night he meant soon to get out\n    of the professional part of spiritualism. He is a singularly\n    agreeable man, handsome, and with a look in his dark eyes as if\n    they might easily see visions. I am told that he has lately\n    married a very rich wife, and this may account for his intention\n    to withdraw from spiritualism as a profession.\"\n\nMr. Eglinton has published in the _London Medium_ a very interesting\nnarrative of his seances with the Emperor and Empress of Russia, the\nroyal family and nobility. In the first royal seance, the Grand\nDuchess Vladimir proved to be a medium, and was lifted in the air,\nscreaming the while. 'As she continued to ascend,' says Mr. Eglinton,\n'I was compelled to leave her hand, and on returning to her seat, she\ndeclared that she had been floated over the table without anything\nhaving been in contact with her.'\n\nThe Grand Duke Vladimir brought a new bank-note in an envelope to have\nits number told, which he did not know. The number was correctly\nwritten by the spirits, between slates, 716,990.\n\nAt the seance with the emperor there were present a party of ten, the\nempress, Grand Duke and Duchess of Oldenburg, Grand Duke and Duchess\nSergius, Grand Duke Vladimir, Prince Alexander, and Gen. Richter. All\nhands being joined, a spirit voice conversed with the empress in\nRussian. A female form materialized near the Princess Oldenburg. A\nmusic-box weighing about forty pounds, was carried around and placed\non the emperor's hand. Other phenomena occurred, but the chief\nincident was the levitation. Mr. Eglinton was lifted in the air, the\nempress and Prince Oldenburg holding his hands and standing on their\nchairs, until his feet rested on the shoulders of the emperor and the\nGrand Duke Oldenburg.\n\nMr. Eglinton was overwhelmed with invitations from the nobility and\nprofessors. M. de Giers the great Foreign Minister and his two sons\n(mediums) were spiritualists of many years standing.\n\nThe JOURNAL could not contain half the marvellous things that are\nhappening.\n\nThe Louisville _Courier-Journal_ reports that in Bracken County, Ky.,\n(on the Ohio river, between Louisville and Cincinnati):\n\n    \"Excitement is at fever heat in the Milford neighborhood, in the\n    southern portion of this county, over the mysterious appearance\n    of the most wonderful faces and figures upon the window glass of\n    the houses in that section. The first appearance of these\n    singular and most extraordinary pictures on the glass was at the\n    residence of William Showalter, where the window panes all at\n    once showed the colors of the rainbow, on which two days later\n    the heads of people and animals were clearly visible. On the\n    glass of another house a head and face resembling President\n    Lincoln's were to be seen. On another the form of a young girl\n    bending over an infant, the body of a lion, the figures\n    twenty-two, and a landscape were all visible, as distinctly\n    outlined as any artist could have drawn them. Some of the most\n    striking pictures are on the windows of the Milford Baptist\n    Church, which are protected with shutters that are kept tightly\n    closed. The people of Bracken county have not in years been more\n    worked up over anything than they now are over these pictures.\"\n\n\n\n\nGLANCES ROUND THE WORLD.\n\n\nThe contempt with which Comte and many other philosophizers have\ntreated the press which tells of the progress of mankind is an example\nfor all good men to avoid. If we recognize the brotherhood of\nhumanity, we cannot be indifferent to the passing lives, the joys and\nmisfortunes of our brothers. Let pedants and philosophasters bury\nthemselves in the writings of the dead, the good man prefers to know\nsomething of the living, and he finds it in the daily, weekly, and\nmonthly press.\n\nAt our first outward glance, we are struck with the elevation of our\nstandpoint. This great republic has attained an elevation in\nintelligence, wealth, and power, which enables it to look down on the\nlands that are overshadowed by the darkness of the past, and to\nanticipate the time when American pre-eminence shall be universally\nacknowledged. The condition already attained was eloquently stated by\nChauncey M. Depew, in a recent address at New York, which gave a\nstartling view of\n\n\nAMERICAN PROGRESS.\n\n    \"Last summer I stood upon the White Hill at Prague, in Bohemia,\n    where the thirty years war began and ended. There is no more\n    suggestive spot in Europe. It recalled a picture of the horrors\n    and desolation of war unequalled in history. The contest began\n    when the continent was dominated by the German empire, and ended\n    with the magnificent creation of Charles V. broken into\n    numberless petty principalities. Like the contest of the 17th\n    century, ours was both a civil and religious war. But the\n    country came out of the conflict not like the old German empire,\n    but a mighty nation.\n\n    \"Vapid sentimentalists and timid souls deprecate these annual\n    reunions, fearing they may arouse old strifes and sectional\n    animosities. But a war in which 500,000 men were killed, and\n    2,000,000 were wounded, in which states were devastated and\n    money spent equal to twice England's gigantic debt, has a\n    meaning, a lesson and results which are to the people a liberal\n    education. We cheerfully admit that the Confederate, equally\n    with the Federal soldier, believed he was fighting for the\n    right, and maintained his faith with a valor which fully\n    sustained the reputation of Americans for courage and constancy.\n    The best and bravest thinkers of the South gladly proclaim that\n    the superb development which has been the outgrowth of their\n    defeat is worth all its losses, its sacrifices, and\n    humiliations.\n\n    \"In 1860 the developed and assessable property of the United\n    States was valued at $16,000,000,000. One-half of this enormous\n    sum was destroyed by the civil war, and yet so prodigious has\n    been the growth of wealth that the estimate now surpasses the\n    imperial figure of $60,000,000,000, and the growth at the rate\n    of nearly $7,000,000 a day. Our wealth approximates one-half of\n    that of all Europe.\n\n    \"These unparalleled results can be protected and continued only\n    by the spirit of patriotism. This is a republic, and neither\n    Mammon nor anarchy shall be king. The ranks of anarchy and riot\n    number no Americans.\"\n\nWe realize more fully the future magnitude of our country, when we\nlook at the wealth of its soil and mines, already developed, and the\nmagnitude of its still untouched resources. According to the estimates\nof Dr. A. B. Hart, of Harvard University, as laid before the American\nStatistical Association at their last meeting in the Boston Institute\nof Technology, the total territory of the United States contains\n3,501,409 square miles. Of this entire amount Dr. Hart believes there\nremains unsold in the hands of the government, public lands amounting\nto 1,616,101 square miles, or 1,034,330,842 acres, which is almost\none-half of our entire territory. Such a realm as we have could\ncomfortably sustain between two and three thousand millions of\ninhabitants, while the entire population of the globe is at present\nless than fifteen hundred millions.\n\nOur present population is over 60,000,000, and if it goes on\nduplicating every thirty years, it will be in 1917, 120,000,000; in\n1947, 240,000,000; in 1977, 480,000,000; in 2,007, 960,000,000; in\n2,037, 1,920,000,000; 2,067, 3,840,000,000. Thus in 180 years we shall\nhave reached the limit where population, being over 1,000 to the\nsquare mile, must emigrate or be arrested by the difficulty of\nobtaining food, and the absolute necessity of reducing to a small\nnumber our stock of horses, cattle, and hogs, that human beings may\nhave food,--vegetarian diet thus becoming a necessity, and bringing\nwith it a great diminution of intemperance, and the crimes produced by\nthe animal passions; for it is well established that vegetarianism\nrestrains intemperance.\n\n\nBRIGHT PROSPECTS.\n\nAmong the bright indications for the future are the increase of\nindustrial education, the beginning of cooperation between capitalists\nand employes, the increasing intelligence and combined strength of the\nlaboring class, which give assurance of good wages, and the\nsubdivision of the land into smaller farms, which substitutes an\nindependent yeomanry for the landlord and tenant relation. Thus, in\nthe thirteen States, formerly slave-holding, the average size of farms\nin 1860 was 346 acres, but in 1880 it was 146.\n\nWe have vast mineral resources as yet untouched, of coal, iron, and\nother metals far exceeding all that has yet been reached in the old as\nwell as new regions. The marbles of Inyo, California, are more than\ntwice as strong as the best marbles of Italy.\n\n\"Astonishing as the statement may appear,\" says the _Denver News_, \"it\nis nevertheless a fact that there are here, within the borders of\nColorado, the wealth in coal of two or even three States like\nPennsylvania. For the vast trans-Missouri country, eastward, even to\nthe valley of the Mississippi, Colorado is the great present and\nfuture storehouse of the fuel which the demands and necessities of its\nvaried commercial and industrial life will require. Many generations\nhence, when Colorado shall have become an old State, when the frontier\ndays shall have been forgotten, when gold and silver mining shall have\nceased to be profitable, even then will the coal fields of Colorado be\nyielding their hidden treasures of fuel to supply the demand.\"\n\nWe have no territory which sanitary science may not render a healthful\nhome, and we have millions of acres of elevated territory, where the\nhighest conditions of human health and happiness may be attained in\nconnection with the highest spiritual development. But these regions\nare not on the Eastern coast, chilled by the icy currents from the\nNorth. \"Westward the star of empire wends its way,\" and the Pacific\nCoast is destined to witness the development of the highest\ncivilization on the globe. Of the health and beauty of California all\nits residents can speak, but physicians can give decisive facts. Dr.\nKing, of Banning, Cal., says, \"Out here we scarcely know what storms\nare. All winter long my front yard has been green and beautiful--roses\nblooming in January, and callas in March. During three and a half\nyears there have been but two cases of acute disease of the chest\nwithin six miles of my office. I do not know of any death having\noccurred in this village or vicinity from an acute disease, since I\ncame here nearly four years ago.\" What are the lauded climates of\nItaly and Greece compared to such a record as this?\n\n\nDARK CLOUDS.\n\nBut what are the clouds that dim the brightness of our coming glory,\nand already overshadow us? The greatest of all is the curse of\nintemperance. Secretary Windom said, in his address at the Cooper\nUnion meeting in New York, (May 25):\n\n    \"I do not think I overstate the case when I say that the 200,000\n    saloons in this country have been instrumental in destroying\n    more human life in the last five years than the 2,000,000 of\n    armed men during the four years of the Rebellion. There is an\n    irrepressible conflict upon us. This nation cannot endure half\n    drunk and half sober any more than it could endure half slave\n    and half free.\"\n\nGov. St. John, late candidate for the presidency, said, in his New,\nYork address:\n\n    \"There are about 215,000 retail liquor houses in this nation.\n    Allowing 20 feet to each, it gives us an unbroken liquor front\n    of about 781 miles. Just think of it! Seven hundred and\n    eighty-one miles of profanity and vulgarity. Seven hundred and\n    eighty-one miles of Sabbath-breaking. Seven hundred and\n    eighty-one miles of drunkard-making. Seven hundred and\n    eighty-one miles of filth, debauchery, anarchy, dynamite and\n    bombs. [Applause]. Seven hundred and eighty-one miles of\n    political corruption; seven hundred and eighty-one miles of\n    hot-beds for the propagation of counterfeiters, wife-beaters,\n    gamblers, thieves, and murderers.\n\n    \"In the High License City of Chicago, in the great Republican\n    State of Illinois, there are, within five blocks of Halstead\n    Street Mission, 325 saloons, 129 bawdy houses, 100 other houses\n    of doubtful repute, theatres, museums and bad hotels, and only\n    two places for the worship of Almighty God. (Cries of 'Shame!')\"\n\nSt. John should have added that intemperance was the most powerful\nagency for the propagation of intellectual and moral idiocy in\noffspring.\n\nThe increase of insanity in spite of our defective systems of\neducation is universally recognized. The New York _Sun_ says:\n\n    \"The very rapid increase of insanity in the United States during\n    the last two or three decades continues to be the subject of\n    much discussion among alienists, and all those who are concerned\n    in public charities. That a prime cause of this alarming state\n    of things is the shipment to our shores of the enfeebled and\n    defective of other countries, is now beginning to be understood,\n    and both our own State Board of Charities and the National\n    Conference of Charities and Correction have called on Congress\n    to protect our society against the introduction of these\n    depraved specimens of humanity, who speedily become a charge on\n    the public, or transmit their weakness to their posterity.\n\n    \"The statistics of insanity show that, in general, the\n    proportion of the insane is greatest in the older States, where\n    the foreign population is most numerous, and it is least where\n    the communities are new, as, for instance, in the pioneer\n    counties of Wisconsin. The South, which has drawn comparatively\n    little from immigration, suffers from insanity to a much less\n    extent than New England and New York; and it is an established\n    fact that the Negro race is much less liable to insanity than\n    the white. The average of insanity in New England is 1 to every\n    359 of the population; in New York, New Jersey, and\n    Pennsylvania, 1 to every 424; while in the extreme Southern\n    States the average is only 1 to 935.\n\n    \"The West, like the South, is more free from insanity than the\n    Northern seaboard States, the average being 1 to every 610 in\n    the interior States, and 1 to 750 for the Northwestern States.\n    In the far Western States and Territories it is only 1 out of\n    1,263, they being settled by a picked population, whose energy\n    and soundness make them pioneers. It is note-worthy, however,\n    that insanity is as frequent in the Pacific States as in New\n    England, the explanation being that vice and indulgence prevail\n    to an exceptional extent among the population drawn to the\n    Pacific by the mania for gold. The average in Massachusetts, for\n    instance, is 1 to 348; in California 1 to 345. It is also\n    remarkable that the ratio of insanity decreases as we go west\n    and south of New England, as these averages will show: New\n    England, 1 to 359; Middle States, 1 to 424; interior States, 1\n    to 610; Northwestern States, 1 to 750; Southern States 1 to 629.\n\n    \"The State where the proportion is highest is Vermont, 1 to 327;\n    and New Hampshire comes next, with 1 to 329. We are at a loss to\n    understand why insanity is so frequent in the District of\n    Columbia, the average given being 1 to 189; but perhaps the\n    large average in Vermont and New Hampshire may, in part, be due\n    to the circumstance that those States receive the refuse of\n    Canadian poor-houses, they having a much better organized system\n    of charitable relief than the Dominion can boast of; and it is\n    undeniable that some of the very worst of our immigration comes\n    from over the Canadian border. That immigration, too, is now\n    great, and there are factory towns in New England where the\n    population is largely made up of French Canadians.\"\n\nThere is a disturbing element in the influx of a foreign population\nreared under very unfavorable social conditions. In 1882 the\nimmigration was 800,000. On a single day, in May last, nearly ten\nthousand arrived in Castle Garden. The steamships are overburdened,\nand the Cunard and White Star lines employ extra ships to accommodate\nthe emigrants. Oppression in Ireland, and oppression all over Europe,\ndrives the people into emigration; but a large portion of the\nemigration consists of a substantial population; yet we have enough of\nthe turbulent and debased element to make a serious danger in our\nlarge cities, and a formidable competition with native American labor.\nThe more laborers, and the fewer employers, the worse it is for labor.\nBut perhaps American wealth and enterprise will find something\nsatisfactory for all to do.\n\n\nDEFECTIVE EDUCATION.\n\nBut there is nothing more unsatisfactory to the philanthropist than\nour meagre and inadequate system of education,--a system which aims to\ncram the memory with acquired knowledge, which does not develop\noriginal thought, and which does not elevate the moral nature. Such a\nsystem will never elevate society, will never repress any vice or\ncrime, will never make the educated generation any happier for being\neducated. In short, it utterly fails in that which should be its chief\nend and aim, and simply leads society on as heretofore in the path of\nincreasing intelligence, increasing misery, increasing crime,\nincreasing insanity. What a commentary on our education and\ncivilization is the common estimate that Europe, now, with the most\ncomplete educational system ever known, has 50,000 suicides a year. In\nthis, Paris, Vienna, and Berlin take the lead.\n\n\n(_To be continued._)\n\n\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY PERFECTED.--In 1838 I conceived it possible, by chemical\nmeans, to fix in permanency, on a suitable ground, the images of\nobjects formed by the camera. While speculating on this, the discovery\nof Daguerre was announced, but I was disappointed, as he had not\nphotographed colors as well as forms. I felt sure that it was\npossible, and a half century has realized it. Mr. J. J. E. Myall, a\nLondon photographer of great scientific skill, has succeeded in\nphotographing the colors as well as forms of objects and fixing a\npermanent picture. More recent advices throw some doubt on this.\n\n\nTHE CANNON KING.--Alfred Krupp, the greatest cannon-maker of the world,\ndied at his works, Essen, Prussia, on the 14th of July, seventy-five\nyears old. His works covered nearly a square mile, while his fortune\nwas about $40,000,000. He employed 10,000 men at Essen, and over 7,000\nat other places. He owned nearly 600 iron and coal mines, 6 smelting\nworks, 14 blast furnaces, 5 steamers, and 140 steam-engines. He was a\nplain, industrious man, shunned all ostentation, refused titles, and\ntook good care of his workmen. Yet was his business an honorable one?\nIf the man who supplies alcoholic beverages to drunkards is condemned\nby the general sentiment of the temperate community, what should we\nthink of one who supplies slung-shot, poison, and daggers to\nassassins? But how little harm is there in such implements compared to\nthe slaughtering work of the terrible cannon of Krupp, which are to be\nused only for wholesale homicide. Such questions must be considered by\nmoralists. The _Boston Herald_ in a sudden and unexpected flash of\nethical sentiment, says, \"Herr Krupp sold his guns to different\ngovernments for the purpose of enabling them to fight each other.\nThere is no code in modern ethics that would condemn an action of this\nkind, and yet it seems to us that the time may come when a man who\nmade his fortune by supplying men with arms for the purpose of killing\neach other will be looked upon as one engaged in a highly immoral\nenterprise.\" Is it not a terrible indictment of the _so-called_\nChristian church to say, \"There is no code in modern ethics that would\ncondemn\" war and its accessories?\n\n\nLAND MONOPOLY.--The United States government has squandered its rich\ndomain with signal folly, but Mexico has been far more reckless. It\nhas recently given away 60,000,000 of acres in Durango, Chihuahua, and\nother regions to an American company represented by Henry B. Clifford.\nIt is not stated that any very valuable consideration has been given\nfor this grant.\n\n\nTHE GRAND CANALS.--Lesseps' Panama Canal has no bright prospect. The\nenterprise has been badly managed, has cost a great sacrifice of life,\nand over $200,000,000. It is employing from 12,000 to 14,000 men, but\nits finances are nearly exhausted, and an American engineer says it\nwould take ten years for the present company to finish it, if they\ncould raise the money. The Nicaragua Canal, if started now by\nAmericans, would be finished first, and that would kill it entirely.\nMeantime Captain Ead's Ship Railway at Tehuantepec is likely to make\ncanals unnecessary, for since his death his associate, Col. James\nAndrews, has undertaken to finish it, and $1,500,000 more has been\nraised at Pittsburg. This will carry the ships over the Isthmus by the\nrailroad method. The German government has just begun a grand canal at\nKiel, to connect the North Sea with the Baltic, large enough to allow\nships to pass, drawing twenty-seven feet. Greece is slowly at work on\na canal at the Isthmus of Corinth, and Massachusetts on a canal to cut\noff Cape Cod. Russia has determined to build a grand railroad to the\nPacific Ocean across Asia, through Siberia, beginning next spring and\nfinishing in five years. When finished, Russians could travel from St.\nPetersburg to the Pacific in fifteen days.\n\n\nTHE SURVIVAL OF BARBARISM.--Amid the fussy pomposity of the Queen's\njubilee, the voice of the thinkers has not been entirely silent. The\nutter failure of her reign to present a single noble thought or\nimpulse, a single evidence of sympathy with the immense mass of\nsuffering, has been sharply commented on, not only in prose, but in\nthe vigorous verse of Robert Buchanan.\n\nThe scientific periodical _Nature_ suggests very appropriately that,\nalthough the progress of the last half century has been due mainly to\nthe labors of scientific men, the leaders in science have been unknown\nto the head of the government, and their labors prosecuted without aid\nor sympathy from the throne. \"The brain of the nation has been\ndivorced from the head.\"\n\nBut why not? Has it not always been so; did not the barons who once\nruled boast of their illiteracy? Science and philanthropy produce\nwealth and elevate the people. The rulers consume that wealth and keep\nthe people down. Of course two classes so opposite are not in\nsympathy. In the late jubilee, the titled, the wealthy, and the\nhangers-on of government were given the prominent positions, and the\nscientists ignored; as Nature said: \"England is not represented, but\nonly England's paid officials and nobodies.\"\n\nBut it is too soon for scientists to demand an honorable position.\nThey should be content to escape the prison and the ostracism which\nwas once the reward for nobly doing their duty.\n\n\nCONCORD PHILOSOPHY.--The summer school of (so-called) philosophy still\nmeets at Concord in July--the last survival of the speculative\nignorance of the dark ages, and the worship of Greek literature. The\ncopious ridicule of the press has no effect upon this serious\ngathering. Its verbose platitudes and pretentious inanities continue\nto be repeated, furnishing almost as good an antithesis to science and\nphilosophy as Mrs. Eddy and her disciples. There is no lack of fluency\nand ingenuity in the use of language, and occasionally there are\nglimmering and flashes of common sense, but to wander through the\nfirst report of the present session, in pursuit of a correct\nphilosophic idea, is as unprofitable as to wander all day through\nwintry snows to find a little game already dying of starvation. The\nfirst lecture on Aristotle is the most unmitigated rubbish that the\nyear has produced. I regret that I have not space to criticise the\nproceedings into which, however, Dr. Montgomery of Texas has injected\nsome bright thoughts, and the displays of learning relieve the general\nmonotony, while considerable intellectual energy is displayed in the\ndiscussions; but to see a conclave of learned professors devoting\ntheir time to the examination and discussion of Aristotle's writings\nis about as edifying as to see a geographical society devoting its\ntime to discussing the geography of Ptolemy.\n\n\nTHE ANDOVER WAR to enforce the damnation of the uninstructed heathen\nhas been very unlucky. It has not disturbed the teachings of the\nprofessors, but it has shown the public very plainly that it was\nsimply a _malicious_ attack on the president, Professor Smyth, the\nother professors, who teach exactly the same doctrines, being entirely\nundisturbed, although they presented themselves for trial. The time is\ncoming when intelligent men will be ashamed to confess a belief in the\ndevil, and the old-fashioned hell-fire,--indeed the time has already\narrived among the most intelligent.\n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC REBELLION.--About five years ago it was predicted,\nthrough Mrs. Buchanan, that Catholicism in New York would undergo a\nchange, as many spirits were actively at work to liberalize the minds\nof Catholics, especially at the time of Easter, and to wean them from\ntheir attitude of abject submission. There were no indications of such\na tendency at that time, and the movement of the Catholic masses in\nsympathy with Dr. McGlynn, who tells the Pope that he shall not meddle\nwith the politics of Americans or dictate their political action has\ncome like a sudden storm from a clear sky. Liberalized Catholics may\nmove in advance of Protestants for they have preserved a more vivid\nspiritualism and religious faith.\n\n\nSTUPIDITY OF COLLEGES.--Clairvoyance and spiritual phenomena have been\nin progress all over the world from periods beyond historic record,\nbut colleges have not yet learned of their existence. They are now\nbecoming familiar to millions, from the emperor to the beggar, and\nstill the colleges plod on in sanctified ignorance where the priest\nrules, or in insolent dogmatism where the medical professor rules. Is\nthere anything in the way of demonstration that can overcome this\npachydermic stupidity?--doubtful! Clairvoyants have described\ndiseases, described distant places, described things in public, while\ntheir eyes were bandaged--but the colleges learn nothing. Now there is\nanother test of the collegiate amaurosis, or cataract, or whatever it\nmay be, which has lasted 700 years, and has thus attained its\nincurable character. A blind man is clairvoyant and psychometric. He\ntravels about almost as well as those who have eyes. His name is Henry\nHendrickson. The _Chicago Herald_ gives an interesting description. He\ncan find his way, can skate well, can read finger-language, and can\ndescribe objects with a cloth thrown over his head. But this is only\nanother demonstration of second sight which has been demonstrated a\nthousand times. Why should colleges recognize such facts? have they\nnot old Greek books for oracles which were written before the dawn of\nscience! What are Gall and Spurzheim, Darwin and Wallace, Crookes and\nDe Morgan, to professors who can fluently read Aristotle in Greek, and\ncan tell how Plato proved that a table is not a table but only a\nmental phantasy!\n\n\nCREMATION is making great progress in Europe. It is an old idea, not\nonly among the ancients but in modern times. In the last century it\nwas advocated in a very artistic way by Dr. Becker, a physician of\nGermany, and Guirand, an architect in France. These gentlemen proposed\nthat the ashes of cremation should be fused into a glass and moulded\ninto all sorts of ornamental designs, fit for trinkets, monuments,\netc. This has a very fantastic appearance. What would we think of\nGeneral Washington's remains preserved in the Capitol as a crystal\nglobe of green glass? or how should we like to have our own remains\npreserved in that brilliant manner? A beautiful woman might thus be\nconverted into some brilliant \"thing of beauty--a joy forever.\"\n\n\nCOL. HENRY S. OLCOTT,--President and founder of the Theosophical\nSociety, is travelling in India, lecturing before the branches\nscattered in every part of the country. He has been for months on this\ntour, and spent last winter in Ceylon, where he was royally welcomed\nand entertained by the Buddhists. Some years ago Col. Olcott joined\nthe Buddhist sect, and has done it good service in publishing a\nBuddhist catechism, which has been widely circulated in the West. He\nwas, at last accounts, at Allahabad, where the thermometer stood, day\nafter day, at 105\u00b0, and at nearly that night after night. Despite the\nheat his lecture rooms are crowded with interested listeners, and his\npopularity was never so great as at present. He will return to Adyar,\nthe headquarters of the society in southern India, in October. The\nreport that he had returned to Europe this summer is incorrect, and\narose from the fact that Mme. Blavatsky was on the Continent very ill,\nand her companions were several Theosophists who had been in India and\nhad returned to Europe. She is at present in London.--_N. Y. Sun._\n\n\nJESSE SHEPARD,--the musical genius has built himself a beautiful\nresidence at San Diego, California. He has evoked unbounded admiration\nand astonishment by giving one of his inspired performances in the\nservice of Father Ubach's Catholic church, at the morning mass.\n\n\nPROHIBITION--has been very successful in Atlanta, Georgia in the past\n18 months. It is well enforced. The wealth of the city has increased;\nproperty has advanced in value; the laboring classes are more\nprosperous; the schools are better attended; gambling has been\nchecked; crime has been checked, and the criminal courts transact\ntheir business in one-seventh of the former time; there are about half\nas many arrests, and the streets on which it was unsafe for a lady to\ngo alone, have become orderly. Local option has established temperance\nin Georgia. Out of 137 counties 115 are controlled by prohibition. In\nIowa under prohibition, the Fort Madison Penitentiary is for the first\ntime short of the supply of convicts sufficient to fulfil the usual\ncontracts. England now has a national prohibition party, and Mr. Axel\nGUSTAFSON is its leader.\n\n\nLONGEVITY.--A news item from Columbia, S. C., reports a case of great\nlongevity as \"attested by family records\": that of Amy Avant, a\ncolored woman on the plantation of Major James Reeves, in Marion\nCounty, who died May 24th, of measles, at the advanced age of 122\nyears. She was remarkably well preserved and retained all her\nfaculties up to the time of her fatal illness, previous to which she\nclaimed that she had never taken a dose of medicine. During the last\ncotton-picking season she took her place regularly in the cotton\nfields and always performed a good day's work.\n\nST. THOMAS, July 6.--Peter Barlow, who took part in the American\nRevolution under Washington, died recently in Demerara, aged 130\nyears.\n\nROCKLAND.--John J. Whipple of this place was 100 years old to-day, and\nas he is in excellent health, the old gentleman bids fair to live\nanother decade at least. Mr. Whipple says he believes in the \"good old\nway\" of eating and drinking according to inclination, and though he\nhas never indulged in intoxicants to excess he has never abstained\nentirely from either the use of tobacco or strong drink. Grandfather\nWhipple is one of the authorities in the place where he lives, and his\nmemory is remarkable. His eye has a merry twinkle, and he can enjoy a\njoke and tell a good story with any of the boys.--_Globe Democrat._\n\nKNOXVILLE, Tenn., July 23.--Henry Cleggy of Meigs County, Tennessee,\nis undoubtedly one of the oldest men in the State, having recently\ncelebrated his 105th birthday. Mr. Meigs takes pleasure in walking\nabout his farm, and has no idea of taking a trip from this world to\nthe next for at least a decade. The old gentleman's memory is\nexcellent and he remembers many incidents of long ago.--_Globe Dem._\n\n\nINCREASE OF INSANITY.--Louisiana, like New York, Massachusetts, and\nall highly civilized countries, is realizing the increase of insanity.\nThe State Asylum has recently been greatly enlarged but now there are\nhundreds that it cannot receive.\n\n\nEXTRAORDINARY FASTING, Jackson, Tenn., June 15.--W. M. Murchinson,\nwhose long fast has been mentioned before, died yesterday at Medon in\nthis county; having lived ninety days without drink or food. His\nrecord is probably without parallel in the history of the medical\nworld. He was a gallant soldier in the Fourteenth Tennessee Cavalry\nand followed the fortunes of that daring leader, Forrest, through the\nCivil war, and lost an eye. He was about 45 years of age at the time\nof his death. He had been in declining health for some months. His\nthroat became paralyzed one night three months ago while he was\nasleep, and he could never swallow any nourishment after that time. He\nwas an honest, brave man and an esteemed citizen. He never married.\nSeveral citizens from Jackson and surrounding country visited him\nduring his fast, and all were astonished that he could live so long\nwithout food and drink.\n\n\nSPIRITUAL PAPERS.--The Spiritual Offering, Light for Thinkers and\nLight in the West, have died and been succeeded by \"The Better Way,\"\nat Cincinnati.\n\n\n\n\nCRANIOSCOPY.\n\n(_Continued from page 32._)\n\n\nI would not say that Napoleon's brain was to any great degree\nabnormal, but I am satisfied that criminal's brains are generally\nabnormal, for there are many criminals whose heads do not, by their\nexterior form, indicate their depravity, but wherever I have examined\nthe interior of the skull I have found the basilar organs active,\ngrowing and imprinted upon the interior table of the skull, while the\nsuperior region reveals the decline of the moral nature by the\nincreased thickness of the bone which is growing inward and has not\nthe digital impressions of the convolutions which are marked wherever\nthe brain is in an active growing condition. The criminal's skull must\nbe studied by post mortem examination, and the most effective method\nis by placing a taper through the foramen magnum at the bottom of the\nskull which will reveal the more active organs by the translucency and\nthinness of the bones, while the inactive organs are indicated by\ntheir opacity and thickness, as in the following convict skull.\n\n[Illustration: A REBELLIOUS CONVICT.]\n\nThe sketch here presented exhibits the degrees of translucency and\nopacity in a skull which I obtained at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, about\nfifty years ago. It was the skull of a convict killed in the\npenitentiary while leading a rebellion in a desperate effort to\nescape.\n\nThe man was of a respectable family, son of the sheriff of Warren\nCounty, Ky. He fell into bad company and bad habits at New Orleans,\ndrinking and gaming, until for an act of highway robbery he was sent\nto the penitentiary. The reader will observe the general activity of\nthe intellect and the adjacent social sentiments indicated by the\ntranslucency, and the general torpor, indicated by the opacity in the\nregions of Religion, Hope, Reverence, Love, Conscientiousness,\nIndustry, Cheerfulness, Love of Approbation, Sense of Honor, and\nSelf-respect. Secretiveness shows opacity, while Combativeness shows\nintense activity which extends into Adhesiveness and cautiousness.\n\nThe translucency at Firmness, Irritability, and Combativeness, which\nwere active to the last moments of his life, is quite characteristic.\nUpon the whole, the test by the inner light inserted at the foramen\nmagnum in the base of the skull indicates a very low, lawless,\ndesperate and unprincipled character, with enough of adhesiveness to\ngive him comrades in crime, and enough of intelligence to give him\nsome success.\n\nThe most extraordinary instance of this was in the skull of a negro\nwoman which I examined in Alabama, which had only a slight\ntranslucency at Firmness, while the rest of the upper surface of the\nskull was so abnormally thick that in lifting it one was reminded of\nthe weight of a block of wood. She had, in a fit of temper, murdered\nher own child in the field, chopping it down with an axe.\n\n\n\n\nCHAPTER VII.--PRACTICAL UTILITY OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN ITS PSYCHIC\nDEPARTMENT.\n\n    All science should be useful--Anthropology has the supreme\n    utility--Importance of self-knowledge and its rarity--Almost\n    impossible without the aid of Anthropology--Its absence in the\n    college--Immense waste of labor in abortive\n    self-culture--Anthropology an exact guide--The selfish do not\n    want it--Mistakes in education--Unbalanced characters\n    described--Possibility of reform--Conjugal reform most\n    important--The powerful agencies of Anthropology.\n\n\nBefore commencing the study of the organs of the brain and faculties\nof the soul, it is well to look to its results, its practical\nutilities; for the pursuit of science merely to gratify an\nintellectual curiosity is not the noblest employment of our time,\nalthough it has been a favorite indulgence of the literary class, and\nwas regarded by the ancient philosopher, Empedocles, as the noblest\noccupation of man. From this opinion I decidedly dissent, regarding\nthe lawless and excessive indulgence of the intellectual faculties as\na species of erratic dissipation, injurious to the manhood of the\nindividual, and pernicious to society by the misleading influence of a\nbad example.\n\nNot only does this extreme intellectual indulgence, in a life the\nprimary purpose of which is not meditation, but action, impair the\nindividual as to his normal usefulness, and thus diffuse by example a\ndeteriorating influence upon the young, and misleading influence upon\nall, but it actually leads to false views of life, and an unsound\nphilosophy such as transcendental idealism, pessimism, indolence, and\nthe pursuit of visionary falsehoods which a well-balanced mind would\nintuitively reject. These follies are cultivated by a pedantic system\nof education, and by the accumulated literature which such education\nin the past has developed, feeble and faulty in style, superficial in\nconception, and sadly misleading as to the principles and purposes of\nlife.\n\nThough tempted to such indulgence by the ceaseless activity of my own\nmind, I can say that I have never pursued any course of investigation,\nor study, without a positive certainty of its beneficence and value.\nNo other course would be compatible with the demands of duty; but it\nis obvious on the face of a large portion of our literature that the\nethical sentiments were dormant when it was written. Pre-eminent above\nall other studies in practical value is the science of ANTHROPOLOGY,\nso long neglected and unknown; a science which places biology on a new\nbasis, rectifies therapeutics, reforms education, develops ethics or\nreligion, and illuminates all spheres of knowledge by psychometry.\n\nThe psychic department of Anthropology in which we are now entering\nthe study of the faculties of the soul, the organs of the brain, and\nthe effects of their varying development upon the characters of men\nand animals, is rich in very practical instruction for the guidance of\nlife, and the attainment not only of spiritual and physical health and\nsuccess in this life, but of that nobler and greater success, which is\nchiefly realized in the coming centuries, in which a grander realm is\nopened for our expanded powers in the higher life.\n\nOne of the most essential things for success in life is a correct\nself-knowledge. A strong, well-balanced organization with a clear\nintuitive intellect, generally gives this knowledge, and leads to a\ncorrect course in life. But how few are really well developed and well\nbalanced, with intuitive clearness of perception, and again how many\nare there who, in the unrestrained indulgence of all their passions\nand propensities, care not whether their lives are right or wrong,\naccording to a correct standard. This class desire no admonition, no\nexplanation of their peculiarities, and the causes of their failures\nor misfortunes.\n\nSelfish and narrow-minded men charge all their failures and\nmisfortunes either to inevitable destiny, or to the faults and\nmisconduct of others. But the truth which science enforces is that we\nshould charge all our failures to ourselves. Other men have succeeded\nsplendidly in life, winning wealth, power, renown and friendship. If\nwe have not, it must be because we have not exercised the same\nfaculties which made them successful, and we should study most\ndiligently to learn wherein, or how, we have failed.\n\nNearly all are disqualified for this task of self-inspection either by\na selfish bias which is unwilling to recognize a fault, or by the\nfault itself which biases the judgment. The faculty, or passion, which\nmisleads one becomes a part of his judging faculty, and cannot condemn\nitself. The miser cannot realize the baseness of his avarice, nor the\nmercenary soldier the enormity of war. Nor can a defective faculty\nassist in realizing the defect. The color-blind cannot appreciate\npainting, the thief cannot appreciate integrity, the brutal\nwife-beater cannot appreciate love, and a Napoleon cannot appreciate\ndisinterested friendship.\n\nNor do they who fail to comprehend their own faults learn much from\nthe admonition of friends, for _they_ are too desirous of maintaining\na friendly relation to give entirely candid advice, and the criticisms\nof those who are not friends excite suspicion and anger. Fortunate is\nthe man who can profit by the criticisms of his enemies.\n\nHow many are there who go through life with glaring defects of\ncharacter, injurious to their welfare, who are never warned, either by\nkind friends or by conscience, and never realize the necessity of any\nhigher wisdom than their own, or the necessity of self-culture.\n\nHence the imperative necessity of psychic science, not that barren\nabstraction called psychology in colleges, but a science which, like a\nfaithful mirror, reveals to us that which we cannot see. As the\ngymnastic teacher reveals by a system of measurement (anthropometry)\nthe defective muscles that need development, so should the\npsychologist discover in the conformation of the brain the special\nculture needed by defective faculties.\n\nThere is nothing of this kind in the universities at present. Glaring\nfaults are seen everywhere, working out their disastrous results, with\nno preventive method. We have orthopedic and orthopraxic institutions,\nand gymnastic halls to correct the defects of the body, but no attempt\nto recognize or correct the far more important defects and deformities\nof the soul. The orthopneumatic institution for the soul has not yet\nbeen conceived. The school or college should be such an institution,\nand in THE NEW EDUCATION I have endeavored to show how it may perform\nthis duty. The pulpit should be a similar institution; but, alas, the\npulpit itself, has no adequate system of ethics--its theology has\nstarved its ethics, and it lifts its followers, in the main, no higher\nthan the level of exterior respectability. The task remains for some\nable critic to show how many of the important duties of life, though\nplainly implied by the fundamental law of Christianity, are ignored by\nthe pulpit.\n\nAnthropology alone reveals the ethical fulness and symmetry of\ncharacter, which all should seek; and when science shall be advanced\nfar beyond the barriers that circumscribe it at present, men and women\nwill seek the profound and intuitive anthropologist for consultation,\nas they now seek the physician for the attainment of health.\n\nIt has been for the attainment of a possible superiority that millions\nhave submitted to the discipline of collegiate education, while others\nwith nobler aims have sought in meditation, in prayer, and in\nimitation of the illustrious, for the ennoblement of their own lives.\nNo book has sold more largely than the Imitation of Christ. But was it\nnot often a blind struggle in the dark, an attempt to reach a goal\nnever clearly seen. Wandering in a labyrinth of fanaticism, agonizing\nin the effort to distort nature, the biographical record of religious\naspiration serves to show how nearly multitudes may approach the\nboundary line of insanity in their protracted periods of causeless\nmental agony and in their fierce hostility to heresy and to science.\nAlike in Brahmin, Buddhist, Mohammedan, and Christian nations have we\nseen the vast expenditure of spiritual energy in the blind struggle of\naspiring souls.\n\nTo all this, Anthropology will put an end, for it will give to each a\ndefinite conception of the full normal development of humanity, and of\nthe organization or brain development by what it is sustained. To\nthose who fall far short of that development, it gives the means of a\ndefinite measurement of the defect, and shows by cranioscopy and\npsychometry what is to be done in self-culture, as clearly as we learn\nin the gymnasium what muscles need greater development.\n\nThe desire for such improvement is often absent when it is most\nneeded. A vast multitude of inferior people are perfectly content with\nthemselves in a selfish life, wholly absorbed in providing for their\nown wants, or, if possessed of wealth, using it only in selfishness\nand ostentation,--content in believing themselves as good as their\nneighbors, doing nothing to benefit society, unless under the coercion\nof public opinion, leading such lives that the world is certainly no\nbetter, and perhaps a little worse, for their advent.\n\nA very different class, who are more apt to profit by anthropology is\ncomposed of those in whom there is a decided predominance of good. In\nsome cases they are deficient in selfish and combative energy, do not\nknow how to assert their rights, are credulous and confiding. Children\nof that character if reared by timid and over-fond parents, are\ndeprived of the rough contact with society that is necessary to their\ndevelopment. There are many whom the lack of self-confidence, the lack\nof ambition, and lack of business energy condemn to an obscure life,\nwhen their intellectual capacities would fit them for an influential\nposition. A kind but mistaken system of training confirms the defect,\nand dooms them to an inefficient life, or a stern system of repression\ndeprives them of all self-confidence and energy. Millions of good\nwomen are victimized in this manner. This amiable class are amenable\nto instruction, but are often by their easy credulity, induced to\nyield to unworthy teachers, or to the guidance of unsound but\npretentious or delusive literature. They lack in the energy of\ncriticism which might protect them from error.\n\nThroughout the whole course of education, from infancy to manhood,\nAnthropology may be an ever-present monitor, warning against excesses,\nagainst failures, against errors of opinion, while urging the\ncultivation of our feebler faculties as the gymnastic teacher urges\nthe cultivation of the feebler muscles.\n\nUnaware of their errors, many would resent all such criticism, but the\nscience which cannot help them, because they will have none of it,\nwill enable us to understand them correctly and know how to deal with\nthem.\n\nThere is an intense curiosity in the young to know their capacities,\ntheir adaptation to various pursuits, their merits and defects of\ncharacter, to know what to cultivate, what to repress, and what\nestimate to put upon themselves. In the age of adolescence such\nknowledge is very valuable, and is generally willingly received.\nMoreover, it is very interesting to parents and guardians to know what\nestimate to form of their charge. The thorough Psychologist (I prefer\nthis word to Phrenologist, which has a more limited meaning) is\ntherefore one of the most useful scientists, and may render invaluable\nservice in the period from ten to twenty years of age, when a guiding\nwisdom is needed.\n\nThat wisdom, though seldom sought later in life, is nevertheless a\nwisdom which all men need, and especially for this reason, that, with\nfew exceptions,\n\n  NO MAN IS COMPETENT TO BE HIS OWN CRITIC.\n\nUnless he is a profound Anthropologist he has no standard of humanity,\nno absolute standard with which to compare himself, and if he should\nattempt to form such a standard, his personal defects would vitiate\nthe result.\n\nI never go into society without witnessing examples of those who need\nearnest psychic admonition. For example, among public speakers, I\nwould mention certain defects: A., with a broad forehead and richly\nendowed intellect, has not sufficient development of the highest\nregions of the brain to give him moral dignity or to enable him to\ndiscriminate well between the noble upright and the cunning selfish.\nHis superior intellect is shown not by impressive eloquence, but by\nenergetic loquacity, and hence fails to receive full recognition. B.\nhas the dignity and power in which A. is deficient, but lacking in the\norgans of love, sympathy and liberality, he becomes harsh, censorious\nand bitterly controversial, making many enemies and leading a wretched\nhome-life. C. has a grand oratorical energy and dignity, but lacking\nin the organs of reverence and humility, he overrates himself and\nbecomes famous for his vanity. D. has the intellect, wit, humor, and\nsocial qualities to shine in company, but from lack of the organ of\nself-respect, he fails to maintain the dignity of a gentleman and\ncommand proper respect in society. E. had the power and genius to rank\namong the most eloquent and distinguished men of the nation, but the\ntoo broad base of his brain overcame all his nobler qualities, and,\nafter becoming an object of general contempt, he ended his life a\nworthless sot. F. had an intellectual genius of the highest order, and\nought to have left a name among the great scientists of the age, but\nthe regions of moral energy, cheerfulness, and adhesiveness were\nlacking in his brain, and hence he never attained any great success or\nretained any satisfactory position. His life ran down into pessimism,\nfailure, and premature decay. G. had another splendid intellect and\nmade his mark on the times, but lacking in the region of dignity and\nself-control, he failed to reach his just position in political life\nand fell into premature mental decay from over-excitement. H., with\nmuch less of intellectual capacity, but a better balanced organization\nrose to the highest rank in the esteem of his countrymen. I., with an\nintellect adapted to the exploration of the mysteries of science, of\nwhich he gave good evidence, but lacking in all the elements of\nstrength of character lead a life of uniform failure, obscurity and\npoverty, and yet I felt assured that a different education in youth\nwhich would have developed his manhood and ambition and would have\ncarried him to eminence. J. is a man of superior intellect,\nbenevolence and strength of character, but the organ of love is\nsingularly defective in his head and his domestic life is therefore\nvoid of happiness.\n\nNeither the men nor the women in whom I have observed the deficiency\nof the faculty of love, ever seemed to be aware of the fact or to\nsuspect that their intense antipathies were the product of a faulty\norganization, and their discords chargeable to themselves.\n\nK. and L. are two gentlemen richly endowed in intellect and in the\nother virtues, but not in conscientiousness, in which they are\nstrangely deficient. This is the only defective region in their heads\nand it is fully borne out in their lives, which are void of integrity\nand truth, though they have escaped the condemnation of the law.\n\nM. was a lady of intense ambition in whom the regions of love and\nreligion were deficient. Aspiring to be a leader in philanthropic\nreform she had a limited following in an erratic course, but ended her\nlabors by obtaining a snug position for herself and repudiating all\nshe had done. N. was another would-be leader in philanthropic reforms,\nwho was at one time quite conspicuous, but while he had the ideal\nspeculative intellect to appreciate theories, he was lacking in love\nand religion. His philanthropy did not pay, and he abandoned it\nentirely for a life of selfish self-indulgence.\n\nI might enumerate many more, with whose organic development I was\nfamiliar, whose lives displayed conspicuously their organic defects of\nbrain, but who never seemed to understand their own deficiencies or\nmake any effort to correct them. Could they have been corrected in\nadult life? Much might have been done if they had understood and been\nadmonished by Anthropology. I know of one in whom an organic defect\nwas pointed out, in his first manhood, who, by persistent effort, so\nfar overcame it as to modify the form of his head, and increase its\nfulness in the moral regions. But, as the world goes, men are not\nadmonished, and they cherish their defects, refusing to believe that\nthey are faults.\n\nIt is in childhood and youth that the work of reformation is to be\naccomplished, when parents and teachers shall have learned the\nmethods.\n\nBut reformation must begin farther back, with parents. It must begin\nin the most faithful care and systematic loving culture during the\nnine months of unborn life, which may do more than all subsequent\neducation.\n\nAnd it must begin still farther back, in the refusal to propagate\nevil, in the selection of mothers who are worthy and competent to bear\ngood children, and the selection of fathers whose characters are worth\nreproducing, leaving an unchosen remnant to whom marriage should be\ndenied.\n\n\n\n\nBUSINESS DEPARTMENT.\n\n\nCOLLEGE OF THERAPEUTICS.\n\nNext Session Begins November 1, 1887.\n\nThis institution is the germ of what will be an immense revolution in\neducation hereafter, when the knowledge now given to small classes\nwill hold a conspicuous place in every college, and will be presented\nin every high school.\n\nThe mountain mass of inertia, which opposes, passively, all\nfundamental changes, cannot now resist scientific demonstration as it\nhas in the past. The instruction in the College of Therapeutics, is\nthoroughly demonstrative, leaving no room for doubt, and it gives a\nspecies of knowledge which ought to be a part of every one's\neducation--a knowledge of the constitution of man, not obtainable\nto-day in any medical or literary college, nor in our mammoth\nlibraries. It is not merely as a deep philosophy that this interests\nus, but as a guide in the preservation of health, and in the\nregulation of spiritual phenomena, which would, to a very great\nextent, supersede our reliance on the medical profession by giving us\nthe control of the vital powers, by which we may protect ourselves,\nand control the development of the young.\n\nEach student was made to feel the effects of local treatment on the\nbody, and the power of rapidly changing disease to health, and was\npersonally taught to perform the manipulations for this purpose, and\nto investigate disease or portray character by the psychometric\nmethods as well as to test the value of medicines.\n\nThe various uses and scientific application of electricity were shown,\nand many things entirely unknown and unrecognized in works on\nElectro-Therapeutics. The entire class was placed under a medical\ninfluence simultaneously by the agency of electricity--an operation so\nmarvelous that it would be considered incredible in medical colleges.\nBy these and other experiments and numerous illustrations and lucid\nexplanations of the brain and nervous system, the instruction was made\ndeeply interesting, and students have attended more than one course to\nperfect themselves in the science. The following declaration of\nsentiments shows how the course was regarded by the class:\n\n    \"The summer class of 1887 in the College of Therapeutics,\n    feeling it their duty to add their testimony to that of many\n    others in reference to the grand scientific discoveries which\n    they have seen thoroughly demonstrated by Prof. J. R. Buchanan,\n    would say to the public that no one can attend such a course of\n    instruction as we have recently been engaged in, without\n    realizing that Therapeutic Sarcognomy greatly enlarges the\n    practical resources of the healing art for the medical\n    practitioner, magnetizer and electro-therapeutist, while\n    Psychometry, whose positive truths we have tested and proven,\n    like the sun's rays, illumines all the dark problems of medical\n    practice and of psycho-physiological sciences.\n\n    \"Therapeutic Sarcognomy explains the very intricate and\n    mysterious relations of the soul, the brain and body, which\n    prior to Prof. Buchanan's discoveries were unknown to all\n    scientific teachers, and are even now only known to his students\n    and the readers of his works,\n\n    \"We feel that we have been very fortunate in finding so valuable\n    a source of knowledge, whose future benefits to the human race,\n    in many ways, cannot be briefly stated, and we would assure all\n    who may attend this college, or read the published works of\n    Prof. Buchanan, and his monthly, the _Journal of Man_, that they\n    will, when acquainted with the subject, be ready to unite with\n    us in appreciating and honoring the greatest addition ever made\n    to biological and psychological sciences. Hoping that the time\n    is not for distant when all students in medical colleges may\n    obtain access to this most important knowledge, we give our\n    testimony to the public.\"\n\n                      H. C. ALDRICH, M. D., D. D. S., _Chairman._\n                      DR. JNO. C. SCHLARBAUM, _Secretary_.\n\n\nEnlargement of the Journal.\n\nThe requests of readers for the enlargement of the Journal are already\ncoming in. It is a great disappointment to the editor to be compelled\neach month to exclude so much of interesting matter, important to\nhuman welfare, which would be gratifying to its readers. The second\nvolume therefore will be enlarged to 64 pages at $2 per annum.\n\nThe establishment of a new Journal is a hazardous and expensive\nundertaking. Every reader of this volume receives what has cost more\nthan he pays for it, and in addition receives the product of months of\neditorial, and many years of scientific, labor. May I not therefore\nask his aid in relieving me of this burden by increasing the\ncirculation of the Journal among his friends?\n\nThe establishment of the Journal was a duty. There was no other way\neffectively to reach the people with its new sphere of knowledge.\nBuckle has well said in his \"History of Civilization,\" that \"No great\npolitical improvement, no great reform, either legislative or\nexecutive, has ever been originated in any country by its ruling\nclass. The first suggestors of such steps have invariably been bold\nand able thinkers, who discern the abuse, denounce it, and point out\nthe remedy.\"\n\nThis is equally true in science, philanthropy, and religion. When the\nadvance of knowledge and enlightenment of conscience render reform or\nrevolution necessary, the ruling powers of college, church,\ngovernment, capital, and the press, present a solid combined\nresistance which the teachers of novel truth cannot overcome without\nan appeal to the people. The grandly revolutionary science of\nAnthropology, which offers in one department (Psychometry) \"the dawn\nof a new civilization,\" and in other departments an entire revolution\nin social, ethical, educational, and medical philosophy, has\nexperienced the same fate as all other great scientific and\nphilanthropic innovations, in being compelled to sustain itself\nagainst the mountain mass of established error by the power of truth\nalone. The investigator whose life is devoted to the evolution of the\ntruth cannot become its propagandist. A whole century would be\nnecessary to the full development of these sciences to which I can\ngive but a portion of one life. Upon those to whom these truths are\ngiven, who can intuitively perceive their value, rests the task of\nsustaining and diffusing the truth.\n\nMrs. Croly of New York remarked in her address to the Women's Press\nAssociation of Boston. \"The general public resents the advocacy of a\ncause and resists any attempt to commit it to special ideas. A paper\nthat starts to represent a cause must be maintained by individual\neffort, and often at great sacrifice.\"\n\nThe circulation of the Journal is necessarily limited to the sphere of\nliberal minds and advanced thinkers, but among these it has had a more\nwarm and enthusiastic reception than was ever before given to any\nperiodical. There must be in the United States twenty or thirty\nthousand of the class who would warmly appreciate the Journal, but\nthey are scattered so widely it will be years before half of them can\nbe reached without the active co-operation of my readers, which I most\nearnestly request.\n\nProspectuses and specimen numbers will be furnished to those who will\nuse them, and those who have liberal friends not in their own vicinity\nmay confer a favor by sending their names that a prospectus or\nspecimen may be sent them. A liberal commission will be allowed to\nthose who canvass for subscribers.\n\n\nMAYO'S AN\u00c6STHETIC.\n\nThe suspension of pain, under dangerous surgical operations, is the\ngreatest triumph of Therapeutic Science in the present century. It\ncame first by mesmeric hypnotism, which was applicable only to a few,\nand was restricted by the jealous hostility of the old medical\nprofession. Then came the nitrous oxide, introduced by Dr. Wells, of\nHartford, and promptly discountenanced by the enlightened (?) medical\nprofession of Boston, and set aside for the next candidate, ether,\ndiscovered in the United States also, but far interior to the nitrous\noxide as a safe and pleasant agent. This was largely superseded by\nchloroform, discovered much earlier by Liebig and others, but\nintroduced as an an\u00e6sthetic in 1847, by Prof. Simpson. This proved to\nbe the most powerful and dangerous of all. Thus the whole policy of\nthe medical profession was to discourage the safe, and encourage the\nmore dangerous agents. The magnetic sleep, the most perfect of all\nan\u00e6sthetic agents, was expelled from the realm of college authority;\nether was substituted for nitrous oxide, and chloroform preferred to\nether, until frequent deaths gave warning.\n\nNitrous oxide, much the safest of the three, has not been the\nfavorite, but has held its ground, especially with dentists. But even\nnitrous oxide is not perfect. It is not equal to the magnetic sleep,\nwhen the latter is practicable, but fortunately it is applicable to\nall. To perfect the nitrous oxide, making it universally safe and\npleasant, Dr. U. K. Mayo, of Boston, has combined it with certain\nharmless vegetable nervines, which appear to control the fatal\ntendency which belongs to all an\u00e6sthetics when carried too far. The\nsuccess of Dr. Mayo, in perfecting our best an\u00e6sthetic, is amply\nattested by those who have used it. Dr. Thorndike, than whom, Boston\nhad no better surgeon, pronounced it \"the safest the world has yet\nseen.\" It has been administered to children and to patients in extreme\ndebility. Drs. Frizzell and Williams, say they have given it\n\"repeatedly in heart disease, severe lung diseases, Bright's disease,\netc., where the patients were so feeble as to require assistance in\nwalking, many of them under medical treatment, and the results have\nbeen all that we could ask--no irritation, suffocation, nor\ndepression. We heartily commend it to all as the an\u00e6sthetic of the\nage.\" Dr. Morrill, of Boston, administered Mayo's an\u00e6sthetic to his\nwife with delightful results when \"her lungs were so badly\ndisorganized, that the administration of ether or gas would be\nentirely unsafe.\" The reputation of this an\u00e6sthetic is now well\nestablished; in fact, it is not only safe and harmless, but has great\nmedical virtue for daily use in many diseases, and is coming into use\nfor such purposes. In a paper before the Georgia State Dental Society,\nDr. E. Parsons testified strongly to its superiority. \"The nitrous\noxide, (says Dr. P.) causes the patient when fully under its influence\nto have very like the appearance of a corpse,\" but under this new\nan\u00e6sthetic \"the patient appears like one in a natural sleep.\" The\nlanguage of the press, generally has been highly commendatory, and if\nDr. Mayo had occupied so conspicuous a rank as Prof. Simpson, of\nEdinburgh, his new an\u00e6sthetic would have been adopted at once in every\ncollege of America and Europe.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                     Mayo's Vegetable An\u00e6sthetic.\n\nA perfectly safe and pleasant substitute for chloroform, ether,\nnitrous oxide gas, and all other an\u00e6sthetics. Discovered by Dr. U. K.\nMayo, April, 1883, and since administered by him and others in over\n300,000 cases successfully. The youngest child, the most sensitive\nlady, and those having heart disease, and lung complaint, inhale this\nvapor with impunity. It stimulates the circulation of the blood and\nbuilds up the tissues. Indorsed by the highest authority in the\nprofessions, recommended in midwifery and all cases of nervous\nprostration. Physicians, surgeons, dentists and private families\nsupplied with this vapor, liquefied, in cylinders of various\ncapacities. It should be administered the same as Nitrous Oxide, but\nit does not produce headache and nausea as that sometimes does. For\nfurther information pamphlets, testimonials, etc., apply to\n\n                                      DR. U. K. MAYO, Dentist,\n                                        378 Tremont St., Boston, Mass.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                    Religio-Philosophical Journal.\n\n                          ESTABLISHED 1865.\n\n                         PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT\n\n                     92 La Salle Street, Chicago,\n\n                          BY JOHN C. BUNDY,\n\nTERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION IN ADVANCE:\n\nOne copy, one year   $2.50\n\nSingle copies, 5 cents. Specimen copy free.\n\nAll letters and communications should be addressed, and all\nremittances made payable to\n\n                     JOHN C. BUNDY, Chicago, Ill.\n\nA Paper for all who Sincerely and Intelligently Seek Truth without\nregard to Sect or Party.\n\nPress, Pulpit, and People Proclaim its Merits.\n\n_Concurrent Commendations from Widely Opposite Sources._\n\nIs the ablest Spiritualist paper in America.... Mr. Bundy has earned\nthe respect of all lovers of the truth, by his sincerity and\ncourage.--_Boston Evening Transcript._\n\nI have a most thorough respect for the JOURNAL, and believe its editor\nand proprietor is disposed to treat the whole subject of spiritualism\nfairly.--_Rev. M. J. Savage (Unitarian) Boston._\n\nI wish you the fullest success in your courageous course.--_R. Heber\nNewton, D. D._\n\nYour course has made spiritualism respected by the secular press as it\nnever has been before, and compelled an honorable\nrecognition.--_Hudson Tuttle, Author and Lecturer._\n\nI read your paper every week with great interest.--_H. W. Thomas, D. D.,\nChicago._\n\nI congratulate you on the management of the paper.... I indorse your\nposition as to the investigation of the phenomena.--_Samuel Watson, D. D.,\nMemphis, Tenn._\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                                FACTS,\n\n                         A MONTHLY MAGAZINE,\n\n                              DEVOTED TO\n\n                   Mental and Spiritual Phenomena,\n\n\n                              INCLUDING\n\n            Dreams, Mesmerism, Psychometry, Clairvoyance,\n           Clairaudience, Inspiration, Trance, and Physical\n                Mediumship; Prayer, Mind, and Magnetic\n                Healing; and all classes of Psychical\n                               Effects.\n\n               Single Copies, 10 Cents; $1.00 per year.\n\n                             PUBLISHED BY\n\n                      Facts Publishing Company,\n\n                     (Drawer 5323,) BOSTON, MASS.\n\n                      _L. L. WHITLOCK, Editor._\n\n\n             For Sale by COLBY & RICH, 9 Bosworth Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\n    Transcriber's Note: The Table of Contents came from the first\n    issue of the volume. The article CRANIOSCOPY is continued\n    from the previous issue's page 32.","title":"Buchanan's Journal of Man, August 1887: Volume 1, Number 7","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":18990}