{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_28194/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_28194","id":"gutenberg_28194","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28194","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Archaeology & Anthropology","Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Other","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins\nand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare listed at the end of the text.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{293} NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 231.]\nSATURDAY, APRIL 1. 1854.\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                              Page\n  Kennington Common, by the Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson      295\n  Life and Death                                         296\n  Battle of Trafalgar and Death of Nelson                297\n  Heraldic Anomaly                                       298\n  FOLK LORE:--Three Maids--Mother Russel's Post--Shrove\n  Tuesday Custom                                         299\n  Stornello                                              299\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--Perspective--\"That\"--Corporation\n  Enactments--Jacobite Club--Dean Nowell's first Wife--\n  \"Oxoniana\"--An Epigram falsely ascribed to George\n  Herbert--Ingulph: Bohn's \"Antiquarian Library\"         300\n\n  QUERIES:--\n  Quotations wanted                                      301\n  Sir Edmund Plowden, by S. F. Streeter                  301\n  Ancient Clock, and Odevaere's History of it, by\n  Octavius Morgan                                        302\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Spielberg, when built?--\"Ded. Pavli\"--\n  Mantelpiece: Mantelshelf: Mantleboard: Mantell and\n  Brace--Passage in Job--Provincial Glossaries--\n  Chadderton of Nuthurst, co. Lancaster--A marvellous\n  Combat of Birds--Battle of the Gnats--Sandford of\n  Thorpe Salvine, co. York--\"Outlines of the History of\n  Theology\"--\"Mawkin\"--\"Plain Dealer\"--Hymn attributed\n  to Handel--Degrees in Arts--\"Goloshes:\"\n  \"Kutchin-kutchu\"--Cornwalls of London--Flasks for\n  Wine-bottles--Froxhalmi, Prolectricus, Phytacus,\n  Tuleus, Candos, Gracianus, and Tounu or Tonnu          302\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Postmaster at Merton\n  College--\"Lyra Apostolica\"--East Dereham Manor--\n  Quakers executed in North America--Inscription in\n  Fulham Church--Hero of the \"Spanish Lady's Love\"--\n  \"Bothy\"--\"Children in the Wood\"                        304\n\n  REPLIES:--\n  Brydone the Tourist, by John Macray                    305\n  \"The Red Cow\"--Cromwell's Carriages, &c.               306\n  Fox-hunting, by F. M. Middleton                        307\n  Weather Rules, by E. MacCulloch, &c.                   307\n  Bingham's Antiquities                                  308\n  Ancient Tenure of Lands                                309\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Spots on Collodion\n  Pictures, &c.--The Double Iodide Solution--Mounting\n  Photographs                                            310\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Books on Bells--Medal in\n  Honour of Chevalier St. George--Dean Swift's\n  Suspension--\"Vanitatem observare\"--Ballina Castle,\n  Mayo--Dorset--Judicial Rank hereditary--Tolling the\n  Bell on leaving Church--Archpriest in the Diocese of\n  Exeter--Dogs in Monumental Brasses--The Last of the\n  Palaeologi--Long Names, &c.                             310\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, &c.                                    313\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                           314\n  Notices to Correspondents                              314\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s.,\n\nNOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the\n\"Microscopic Cabinet.\" By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.\n\nAlso, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s.,\n\nA HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing\nDescriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of\nprocuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By\nANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.\n\n    \"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information\n    concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist\n    should add it to his library.\"--_Silliman's Journal._\n\nLondon: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE LATE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.\n\nNow ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 42s.\n\nTHE SPEECHES IN PARLIAMENT OF FIELD MARSHAL HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF\nWELLINGTON. Collected and arranged.\n\nAlso, a New Edition, 8vo., 18s.\n\nCOL. GURWOOD'S SELECTION from the WELLINGTON DESPATCHES AND GENERAL ORDERS,\narranged as a convenient TRAVELLING VOLUME for OFFICERS.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. CLXXXVIII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming\nNumber must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 6th, and BILLS for\nInsertion by the 8th APRIL.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.\n\nRETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses\nof, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.\n\nVol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.\n\nJOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nARCHAEOLOGY OF THE STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC.\n\nFor the Series of Papers illustrating the above, see Vols. I. II. and III.\nof the \"Irish Quarterly Review.\" Price, bound, 11s. each.\n\nLondon: SIMPKIN & CO. Dublin: W. B. KELLY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR APRIL.\n\nCONDE'S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OF THE ARABS IN SPAIN. Translated from the\nSpanish by MRS. FOSTER. In Three Volumes. Vol. I. with Frontispiece. Post\n8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S BRITISH CLASSICS FOR APRIL.\n\nGIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE, complete and unabridged, with variorum Notes,\nincluding, in addition to all the Author's own, those of Guizot, Wenck,\nNiebuhr, Hugo, Neander, and other foreign scholars. Edited by an ENGLISH\nCHURCHMAN. In Six Volumes. Vol. III., with fine Map of the Western Empire.\nPost 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR APRIL.\n\nTHE WORKS OF TACITUS, literally translated, with Notes. In Two Volumes.\nVol. II., containing THE HISTORY, GERMANIA, AGRICOLA, &c. With a very\ncomplete Index. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR APRIL.\n\nHUNT'S POETRY OF SCIENCE; or, Studies of the Physical Phenomena of Nature.\nThird Edition, revised and enlarged. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR APRIL.\n\nTASSO'S JERUSALEM DELIVERED, translated into English Spenserian verse, with\na Life of the Author, by J. H. WIFFEN. Fourth Edition, with Twenty-four\nEngravings on wood by Thurston, and Eight Engravings on steel. Post 8vo.\ncloth. 5s.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTICE.\n\nBURKE'S LANDED GENTRY. A New and Thoroughly Revised Edition of \"HISTORY OF\nTHE LANDED GENTRY,\" by SIR BERNARD BURKE, Ulster King of Arms, being in\nPreparation, it is earnestly requested that Communications with additional\nGenealogies, or Corrections of the former Work, may be addressed as soon as\npossible to\n\nSIR B. BURKE, care of MR. COLBURN, 13. Great Marlborough Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{294}\n\nANNOTATED EDITION OF THE ENGLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL.\n\nIn Monthly Volumes, 2s. 6d. each, in cloth.\n\nThis Day, the First Volume of\n\nCOWPER'S POETICAL WORKS.\n\nAlready published.\n\nDRYDEN. Vols. I and II.\n\nSURREY, MINOR CONTEMPORANEOUS POETS, and SACKVILLE, LORD BUCKHURST.\n\nOn the First of May, the Third and Concluding Volume of\n\nDRYDEN'S POETICAL WORKS.\n\nLondon: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN'S SERMONS.\n\nThis Day, Third and Cheaper Edition. Octavo, 8s. 6d.\n\nSERMONS on some of the PRINCIPAL FESTIVALS, and on other Occasions. By\nRICHARD WHATELY, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin.\n\nLondon: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis Day, Sixth And Cheaper Edition, 450 pages, foolscap octavo, with 118\nWoodcuts, 3s. 6d.\n\nFAMILIAR HISTORY OF BIRDS: their Nature, Habits, and Instincts. By EDWARD\nSTANLEY, D.D., Bishop of Norwich.\n\nLondon: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSMALL BOOKS ON GREAT SUBJECTS.\n\nNow Ready,\n\nPHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES AND PHILOSOPHICAL EXPERIENCE, being No. I. of Small\nBooks on Great Subjects. Third Edition, with a New Preface. 3s. 6d.\n\nEXPOSITION OF VULGAR AND COMMON ERRORS, being No. VIII. of Small Books on\nGreat Subjects. Second Edition. 3s. 6d.\n\nON THE STATE OF MAN SUBSEQUENT TO THE PROMULGATION OF CHRISTIANITY. Part\nIV., being No. XXII. of Small Books on Great Subjects. 4s. 6d.\n\nLondon: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis Day, Cheaper Edition. Collated, and Enlarged, 10s. 6d.,\n\nCHARICLES: Illustrations of the Private Life of the Ancient Greeks. With\nNotes and Excursuses. From the German of PROFESSOR BECKER.\n\nAlso, Second Edition, Enlarged, with additional Illustrations, 12s.,\n\nBECKER'S GALLUS: Scenes of the Times of Augustus. With Notes and\nExcursuses, illustrative of the Manners and Customs of the Romans.\n\nLondon: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, in royal 8vo., cloth, with Engravings, price 5s.\n\nTHE HOMERIC DESIGN OF THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES. By W. WATKISS LLOYD.\n\nLondon: WILLIAMS & NORGATE, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPOPERY AND THE ROMISH CONTROVERSY.--The want of a Periodical Collection of\nthe numerous FACTS AND DOCUMENTS bearing on the Progress of Popery and the\nControversy with Rome, which appear in the Journals and Periodicals of the\nDay, has long been felt by every earnest Protestant. To remedy this\ndeficiency, the Proprietors of\n\nTHE \"BRITANNIA\" NEWSPAPER\n\nhave arranged to issue from time to time a SUPPLEMENT (GRATIS), exclusively\ndevoted to the republication of this important and interesting matter,\nwithout editorial comment, and so arranged as to be capable of being bound\nup at the close of the year in a convenient Quarto Volume, with a complete\nIndex to its contents.\n\nThe FIRST NUMBER appeared on SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25th, and contained,\n\n\"THE CENSUS OF ROMANISM.\" Price SIXPENCE.\n\n141. STRAND, LONDON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nW. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of\nIndices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are\ngreatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in\nAntiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches\namong the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or\nother Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,\nHistory, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had\nconsiderable experience.\n\n1. 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Bottles, 5s.\n\nBEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It\nalso reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space\nallowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during\nthe last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent\nFree by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.\n\nSold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9 Westland Row; BEWLEY &\nEVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main Street,\nKinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN & FLOCKHART,\nEdinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand; KEATING, St.\nPaul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY, 63. Oxford Street;\nLondon. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis day is Published,\n\nHISTORY OF THE FRENCH PROTESTANT REFUGEES, FROM THE REVOCATION OF THE EDICT\nOF NANTES. By CHARLES WEISS, Professor of History in the Lycee Buonaparte.\nTranslated, with the assistance of the Author, by FREDERICK HARDMAN. In\ndemy octavo, price 14s.\n\nWILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nRUSSIA AND TURKEY.\n\nA FRENCH MAP OF RUSSIA IN EUROPE, AND TURKEY, comprising the Baltic and\nBlack Seas, with the adjacent Countries, IS NOW PUBLISHED. Price 5s. in\nsheet, case 8s., per post 6d. additional.\n\nLondon: EDWARD STANFORD, 6. Charing Cross, who will forward on application\na List of Maps of the Seat of War.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBALTIC AND BLACK SEAS.\n\nTHE ADMIRALTY CHARTS of these Seas are NOW PUBLISHED. Price, plain. 2s. 6d.\neach; in case, 5s. Coloured, 3s. 6d.; case, 6s., per post 6d. additional.\n\nLondon: EDWARD STANFORD, 6. 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Consul at Cairo.\n\nGentlemen desirous of becoming Subscribers are requested to send their\nNames in as early as possible.\n\nIllustrated Prospectus to be had on application.\n\nTRUeBNER & CO., 12. Paternoster Row.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCATALOGUES of 5000 Vols. of Second-hand Books GRATIS, on application (Post\nFree for 4 Stamps).\n\nW. BROUGH, 22. Paradise Street, Birmingham.\n\nBooks of every Description purchased. On Sale:--Grose's Antiquities of\nEngland and Wales, 8 vols. folio, coloured Plates, half russia, neat,\nclean, sound Copy, 5l. 15s. 6d. Clarendon's Rebellion, 6 vols. royal 8vo.,\ncalf, very neat, 25s. Camden Society's Publications, 24 vols., 2s. to 4s.\nper vol. Sammes' Britannia Antiqua Illustrata, curious Engravings, folio,\ncalf, 12s. Boutell's Monumental Brasses, large paper Copy, on drawing\npaper, folio, half morocco, cloth sides, perfectly clean, 2l., published at\n3l. 5s.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHEAP BOOKS of a Miscellaneous Character, including long Articles on\nNatural History, Biography, &c., are to be seen in No. 36. of REEVES &\nTURNER'S CATALOGUE of BOOKS. SENT FREE on Application to\n\n114. CHANCERY LANE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{295}\n\n_LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 1, 1854._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotes.\n\nKENNINGTON COMMON.\n\nBefore all traces be lost of Kennington Common, so soon to be distinguished\nby the euphonious epithet of _Park_, let me put a Query to some of your\nantiquarian readers in relation thereunto; and suffer me to make the Query\na peg, whereon to hang sundry and divers little notes. And pray let no one\nridicule the idea that Kennington has its antiquities; albeit that wherever\nyou look, new buildings, new bricks and mortar, plaster and cement, will\nmeet your eye; yet, does not the manor figure in _Domesday Book?_ Is it not\ndignified by the stately name of _Chenintune?_ Was it not held by Theodoric\nof King Edward the Confessor? And did it not, in times gone by, possess a\nroyal residence?\n\nHere, at a Danish marriage, died Hardi Knute in 1041. Here, Harold, son of\nEarl Godwin, who seized the crown after the death of the Confessor, is said\nto have placed it on his own head. Here, in 1231, King Henry III. held his\ncourt, and passed a solemn and a stately Christmas. And here, says Matthew\nParis, was held a Parliament in the succeeding year. Hither, says good old\nStow, anno 1376, came the Duke of Lancaster to escape the fury of the\npopulace of London, on Friday, February 20, the day following that on which\nWicliffe had been brought before the bishops at St. Paul's. The Duke was\ndining \"with one John of Ipres\" when the news arrived, borne by a\nbreathless messenger, that the people sought his life. When the Duke \"leapt\nso hastily from his oysters, that he hurt both his legges against the\nfoarme: wine was offered to his oysters, but hee would not drinke for\nhaste; he fledde with his fellowe Syr Henry Percy, no man following them;\nand entring the Thamis, neuer stinted rowing vntill they came to a house\nneere the manor of Kenington (besides Lambeth), where at that time the\nPrincesse was, with the young Prince, before whom hee made his complaint.\"\nDoubtless, Lambeth Marsh was then what its name imports. Hither also came a\ndeputation of the chiefest citizens to Richard II., June 21, 1377, \"before\nthe old King was departed,\" \"to accept him for their true and lawfull King\nand Gouernor.\" But the royal residence was destroyed before 1607. \"The last\nof the long succession of royal tenants who inhabited the ancient site,\"\nsays a writer in the _Illustrated London News_ not long since (I have the\ncutting, but neglected to note the date of the paper), \"was Charles I.,\nwhen Prince of Wales: his lodging, a house built upon a part of the site of\nthe old palace, is the only existing vestige, as represented in the\naccompanying engraving (in the _Illus. Lond. News_), unless earlier remains\nare to be found in the lower parts of the interior.\" But I believe that the\nidentity of the site of this ancient mansion (which is situated on the\nwestern side of Lower Kennington Lane), with part of the site of the old\npalace, is not quite so certain as the writer appears to intimate. In 1720,\nhowever, the manor gave the title of Earl to William Augustus, Duke of\nCumberland, second son to George II.\n\nKennington Common acquired an unenviable notoriety from being the place of\nexecution for malefactors tried in this part of the county. \"After the\nsuppression of the rebellion in Scotland in 1745, many of the insurgents\nhaving been convicted of treason at Southwark, here suffered the sentence\nof the law\" (Dugdale's _England and Wales_, p. 1015.). \"Seventeen officers\nof the rebel army were hanged, drawn, and quartered\" on this spot.\n(Goldsmith's _History_, continued by Morell, 4to., 1807, vol. ii. p. 165.)\n\n    \"One of the last executions which took place on Kennington Common was\n    that of seven men; three of whom belonged to a notorious gang of\n    housebreakers, eighteen in number. These men kept shops, and lived in\n    credit: of the three who were executed, one made over a sum of 2000l.\n    to a friend, previous to his trial. They confessed that the profits of\n    their practices, for the five years past, had been upwards of 1500l. a\n    year to each. This was in the year 1765.\"--From a cutting, sent me by a\n    friend, from the _Sunday Times'_ \"Answers to Correspondents,\" March 13,\n    1853.\n\nHere too occurred the Chartist meeting, on the memorable 10th of April,\n1848.\n\nNow comes my Query. Was there ever a theatre on Kennington Common? In the\n_Biographia Dramatica_ of David Erskine Baker (edit. 1782, vol. ii. p.\n239.), we are told, that the \"satyrical comical allegorical farce,\" _The\nMock Preacher,_ published in 8vo. in 1739, was \"Acted to a crowded audience\nat Kennington Common, and many other theatres, with the humours of the\nmob.\" Was it acted in a booth, or in a permanent theatre? The words, \"many\nother theatres,\" almost give one the impression that the latter is\nindicated.\n\nMany more notes might be added, but I fear lest this paper should already\nbe too local to interest general readers. Suffice it to say, that Clayton\nStreet, close to the Common, takes its name from the Clayton family; one\nmember of which, Sir Robert Clayton, was sometime Master of the Drapers'\nCompany, in whose Hall a fine portrait of him is preserved. Bowling Green\nStreet derives its name from a bowling green which existed not very many\nyears since. And White Hart Street from a field, which was so called\ncertainly as early as 1785. On the Common was \"a bridge called Merton\nBridge, which formerly was repaired by the Canons of Merton {296} Abbey,\nwho had lands for that purpose.\" (Lysons' _Environs_, edit. 4to., 1792,\nvol. i. p. 327.)\n\nIt is due to your readers to state, that the authorities for the statements\nmade in the former part of this paper are these: Lysons' _Environs_, ut\nsupra, vol. i. pp. 325. 327.; Manning and Bray's _Surrey_, Lond., 1809,\nfol., vol. iii. pp. 484-488.; Stow, _Annales_, edit. 4to., 1601, pp. 432,\n433.; and _Bibl. Top. Brit._, 4to., 1790, vol. ii. \"History and Antiq. of\nLambeth,\" p. 89.\n\nW. SPARROW SIMPSON.\n\nKennington.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLIFE AND DEATH.\n\nI have thrown together a few parallel passages for your pages, which may\nprove acceptable.\n\n1. \"_To die is better than to live._\"\n\n    \"I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which\n    are yet alive. Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet\n    been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the\n    sun.\"--_Eccles._ iv. 2, 3.\n\n    \"Great travail is created for every man, and a heavy yoke upon the sons\n    of Adam, from the day that they go out of their _mother's womb_, till\n    the day that they return to the _mother of all things_.\"--_Ecclus._ xl.\n    1.: cf. 2 _Esdr._ vii. 12, 13.\n\n  \"Never to have been born, the wise man first\n  Would wish; and, next, as soon as born to die.\"--_Anth.\n      Graec._(Posidippus).\n\nIn the affecting story of Cleobis and Biton, as related by Herodotus, we\nread,--\n\n    \"The _best end of life_ happened to them, and the Deity showed in their\n    case that _it is better for a man to die than to live_.\"\n\n    [Greek: Diedexe te en toutoisi ho Theos hos ameinon eie anthropoi\n    tethanai mallon e zoein.]--Herod., [Greek: KLEIO]. i. 32.\n\n    \"As for all other living creatures, there is not one but, by a secret\n    instinct of nature, knoweth his owne good and whereto he is made\n    able.... Man onely knoweth nothing unlesse hee be taught. He can\n    neither speake nor goe, nor eat, otherwise than he is trained to it:\n    and, to be short, apt and good at nothing he is naturally, but to pule\n    and crie. And hereupon it is that some have been of this opinion, _that\n    better it had been, and simply best, for a man never to have been born,\n    or else speedily to die_.\"--Pliny's _Nat. Hist._ by Holland, Intr. to\n    b. vii.\n\n  \"_Happy the mortal man_, who now at last\n  Has through this doleful vale of misery passed;\n  Who to his destined stage has carry'd on\n  The tedious load, and laid his burden down;\n  Whom the cut brass or wounded marble shows\n  Victor o'er Life, and all her train of woes.\n  _He_, _happier yet_, who, privileged by Fate\n  To shorter labour and a lighter weight,\n  Received but yesterday the gift of breath,\n  Order'd to-morrow to return to death.\n  But O! beyond description, _happiest he_\n  Who ne'er must roll on life's tumultuous sea;\n  Who with bless'd freedom, from the general doom\n  Exempt, must never face the teeming womb,\n  Nor see the sun, nor sink into the tomb!\n  Who breathes must suffer; and who thinks must mourn;\n  _And he alone is blessed who ne'er was born_.\"--Prior's _Solomon_, b.\n      iii.\n\nThe proverbs, \"God takes those soonest whom He loveth best,\" and, \"Whom the\ngods love die young,\" have been already illustrated in \"N. & Q.\" (Vol.\niii., pp. 302. 377.). \"I have learned from religion, that an early death\nhas often been the reward of piety,\" said the Emperor Julian on his\ndeath-bed. (See Gibbon, ch. xxiv.)\n\n2. \"_Judge none blessed before his death_.\"[1]\n\n    \"Ante mortem ne laudes hominem,\" saith the son of Sirach, xi. 28.\n\nOf this sentiment St. Chrysostom expresses his admiration, Hom. li. in. S.\nEustath.; and heathen writers afford very close parallels:\n\n    [Greek: Prin d' an teleutese epischeein mede kaleein ko olbion all'\n    eutuchea,] says Solon to Croesus (Herod., [Greek: KLEIO.] i. 32.): cf.\n    Aristot., _Eth. Nic._ ch. x., for a comment on this passage.\n\nSophocles, in the last few lines of the _Oedipus Tyrannus_, thus draws the\nmoral of his fearful tragedy:\n\n  \"[Greek: Hoste thneton ont', ekeinen TEN TELEUTAIAN idein]\n  [Greek: HEMERAN episkopounta, meden' olbizein, PRIN AN]\n  [Greek: TERMA TOU BIOU perasei, meden algeinon pathon.]\"\n\nElmsley, on this passage, gives the following references: Trach. I. Soph.\nTereo, fr. 10.; ibid. Tyndar. fr. 1.; Agam., 937.; Androm., 100.; Troad.,\n509.; Heracl., 865.; Dionys. ap. Stob., ciii. p. 560.; Gesn., cv. p. 431.;\nGrot. To which I may add the oft-quoted lines,--\n\n                  \"Ultima semper\n  Expectanda dies, homini dicique beatus\n  _Ante obitum_ nemo supremaque funera debet.\"\n\nIn farther illustration of this passage from Ecclus., let us consider the\n_Death of the Righteous_.\n\n\"Let me die _the death_ of the righteous, and let my _last end_ be like\nhis,\" exclaims the truth-compelled and reluctant prophet, Numb. xxiii. 10.\n\nThe royal Psalmist, after reflecting on the prosperity of the wicked in\nthis world, adds:\n\n  \"Then thought I to understand this,\n  But it was too hard for me,\n  Until I went into the sanctuary of God:\n  Then understood I the end of these men.\"--_Ps._ lxxiii.\n\nAnd again:\n\n  \"I have seen the wicked in great power,\n  And spreading himself like a green bay-tree;\n  {297}\n  Yet he passed away, and, lo, he was not;\n  Yea, I sought him, but he could not be found.\n    Mark the perfect man,\n  And behold the upright,\n  For _the end_ of that man is _peace_.\"--_Ps._ xxxvii. 35-37.: cf. the\n      Prayer-Book version.\n\nThe prophet Isaiah declares:\n\n  \"The righteous man is taken away because of the evil;\n  _He shall go in peace_, he shall rest in his bed;\n  Even the perfect man, he that walketh in the straight path.\"--Ch. lvii.,\n      Bp. Lowth's Trans.\n\n                      \"Sure _the last end_\n  Of the good man is peace! How calm his exit!\n  Night-dews fall not more gently to the ground,\n  Nor weary worn-out winds expire so soft.\n  Behold him! in the evening tide of life,\n  A life well spent, whose early care it was\n  His riper years should not upbraid his green:\n  By unperceived degrees he wears away;\n  Yet, like the sun, seems larger at his setting!\n  High in his faith and hopes, look how he reaches\n  After the prize in view! and, like a bird\n  That's hamper'd, struggles hard to get away!\n  Whilst the glad gates of sight are wide expanded\n  To let new glories in, the first fair fruits\n  Of the fast-coming harvest.\"--Blair's _Grave_.\n\n  \"How blest the righteous when he dies!\n    When sinks the weary soul to rest!\n  How mildly beam the closing eyes!\n    How gently heaves the expiring breast!\n\n  \"So fades the summer cloud away;\n    So sinks the gale when storms are o'er;\n  So gently shuts the eye of day;\n    So dies a wave upon the shore.\n\n  \"Life's duty done, as sinks the clay,\n    Light from its load the spirit flies;\n  While heaven and earth combine to say,\n    'How blest the righteous when he dies!'\"--_Mrs. Barbauld._\n\n                          \"An eve\n  Beautiful as the good man's quiet _end_,\n  When all of earthly now is passed away,\n  And heaven is in his face.\"--_Love's Trial._\n\n                          \"He sets\n  As sets the Morning Star, which goes not down\n  Behind the darken'd West, nor hides obscured\n  Among the tempests of the sky, but melts away\n  Into the light of heaven.\"\n\n                      \"As sweetly as a child,\n  Whom neither thought disturbs nor care encumbers,\n  Tired with long play, at close of summer's day\n  Lies down and slumbers.\"\n\nA holy life is the only preparation to a happy death, says Bishop Taylor.\nAnd we have seen how much importance even heathen minds attached to _peace\nat the last_. Truly, as Kettlewell said while expiring, \"There is no _life_\nlike a happy _death_.\"\n\n\"Consider,\" says that excellent writer, Norris of Bemerton, \"that _this_\nlife is wholly in order to _another_, and that _time_ is that sole\nopportunity that God has given us for transacting the great business of\n_eternity_: that our work is great, and our day of working short; much of\nwhich also is lost and rendered useless through the cloudiness and darkness\nof the morning, and the thick vapours and unwholesome fogs of the evening;\nthe ignorance and inadvertency of youth, and the disease and infirmities of\nold age: that our portion of time is not only _short_ as to its duration,\nbut also _uncertain_ in the possession: that the loss of it is irreparable\nto the loser, and profitable to nobody else: that it shall be severely\naccounted for at the great judgment, and lamented in a sad eternity.\"--\"Of\nthe Care and Improvement of Time,\" _Miscel._, 6th edit., p. 118.\n\nEIRIONNACH.\n\n[Footnote 1: Cf. Sir Thos. Browne's _Christian Morals_, sect. ix.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBATTLE OF TRAFALGAR AND DEATH OF NELSON.\n\nThe following unpublished letter, as a historical document, is worth\npreserving in the pages of \"N. & Q.\" It relates to the important national\nevents of the battle of Trafalgar and death of Nelson. The writer was, at\nthe time, a signal midshipman in the service, and only about thirteen years\nof age. He was a native of Glasgow, and died many years since, much\nrespected.\n\n      H.M.S. Defence,\n      At anchor off Cadiz, 28 Oct. 1805.\n\n    My dear Betty [the writer's sister],\n\n    I have now the pleasure of writing you, after a noble victory over the\n    French and Spanish fleets, on the 21st October, off Cape Spartel. We\n    have taken, burnt and sunk, gone on shore, &c., twenty-one sail of the\n    line. The names I will let [you] know after. On the 19[th] our frigates\n    made the signal; the Combined Fleets were coming out; so as we were\n    stationed between the frigate and our fleet, we repeated ditto to Lord\n    Nelson. It being calm we could not make much way, but in the course of\n    the night we got a strong breeze, and next morning our frigate made the\n    signal for them, being all at sea. So on the afternoon of the 20[th] we\n    saw them to leeward; but it was blowing fresh and very hazy, so Lord\n    Nelson made our signal for a captain; so our captain went on board, and\n    Lord Nelson told Captain Hope he expected he would keep sight of them\n    all night. So on the morning of the 21st we observed them to leeward\n    about two miles, so we made the signal to Lord Nelson how many the\n    bearings, and everything; so brave Nelson bore down immediately; and at\n    twelve o'clock Lord Nelson broke the south^d line, and brave Admiral\n    Collin[g]wood the north; and at two o'clock we were all in action. We\n    were the last station'd ship; so when we went down we had two Frenchmen\n    and one Spaniard on us at one time. We engag'd them forty-six minutes,\n    when the \"Achille\" and \"Polyphemus\" came up to our assistance. The\n    Spaniard ran away; we gave him chase, and fought him {298} one hour and\n    forty-six minutes, when he struck, and we boarded him, and have him\n    safe at anchor, as we have not had a good wind. I am sorry to say poor\n    Lord Nelson was wounded the second broadside. He went down and got his\n    wounds dress'd, and he was wound'd a second time, and he just lived to\n    hear of the victory. The ship we took, her name is the \"San Ildifonzo,\"\n    eighty-two guns, and a very fine ship, new. I don't think we will save\n    more than twelve sail of them: but we have sunk, burnt, drove on shore,\n    twenty-one sail of the line in all; and if we had not had a gale of\n    wind next day we would have taken every one of them. We were riding\n    close in shore with two anchors a-head, three cables on each bower, and\n    all our sails were shot to pieces, ditto our rudder and stern, and\n    mainmast, and everything; but, thank good, I am here safe, though there\n    was more shot at my quarters than any other part of the ship. We are\n    now at anchor, but expect to go to Gibraltar every day. I hope in good\n    you are all in health: I was never better in all my life. My comp^{ts}\n    to all friends [&c. ...] and my dear father and mother.\n\n      I am\n      Your affectionate brother,\n      (Signed) CHARLES REID.\n\n    You must excuse this letter, as half our hands are on board our prize,\n    and have had no time. I have been two days writing this; five minutes\n    one time and ten minutes another time, and so on. We are just getting\n    under way for Gibraltar.\n\n    Now for the French and Spanish ships taken, burnt, run on shore, &c.\n    &c.:\n\n      Bucentaure, 80, taken. French.\n      Santiss' Trinidada, 130, sunk. Spanish.\n      Santa, taken, but afterwards got into Cadiz.\n      Rayo, 110, sunk. French.\n      Bahama, 74, taken. French.\n      Argonauta, 80, sunk and burnt.\n      Neptuna, 90, on shore.\n      San Ildifonzo, 80, taken by the Defence.\n      Algazeras, 74, on shore; Swiftsure, 74, Gib.; Berwick, 74, Gib. All\n          English ships taken by the French last war.\n      Intrepid, 74, burnt.\n      Aigle, 80, on shore.\n      Tonguer, 80, on shore [MS. uncertain].\n      De ..., 74, Gibraltar [ditto].\n      Argonauta, 74, Gib.\n      Redoubtable, 74, sunk.\n      Achell, 74, burnt.\n      Manareo, 74, on shore.\n      San Augustino, 74, Gibraltar.\n\n    There is not one English ship lost, but a number lost their masts.\n    (Signed) C. R.\n\nThe writer had a brother, Andrew Reid, who bore a commission in the ships\nof Captain Parry in the first Arctic expedition.\n\nG. N.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHERALDIC ANOMALY.\n\nI beg to call the attention of the heraldic readers of \"N. & Q.\" to a\nsingular custom of displaying their coats of arms, peculiar to the Knights\nof St. John, of the venerable Language of England.\n\nIt is well known that the members of this valiant brotherhood, throughout\nEurope, bear their paternal shield alone, surmounted, as the badge of their\nprofession, with the particular device of the order, that is, On a chief,\ngules, a cross argent. The English knights, with their paternal coat, bore\nalso, party-per-pale, that of their mothers, with the chief of the order\nover both, a strange heraldic anomaly!\n\nI have somewhere read, but where, for lack of a \"note,\" I cannot recollect,\nthat in making their proofs of nobility previous to their admission into\nthe order, unlike the other Languages, the cavalier of England gave in only\nthe names of their father and mother, but at the same time it was requisite\nthat these two names should be able to prove a nobility of two hundred\nyears each.\n\nPerhaps the custom of bearing the paternal shield impaled with the maternal\nsprung from these proofs.\n\nIn the British Museum, Harl. MSS. 1386., may be seen three examples of this\ncustom, in a paper entitled, _A Note of certain Knights of Rhodes_, \"in\nprioratu Sancti Johannis Jerusalem.\"\n\n1. Sir Thomas Docwra, Grand Prior of England, A.D. 1504, a knight not more\nrenowned as a valiant man-at-arms, \"preux et hardi,\" than as a skilful\ndiplomatist; and who, on the death of Fabricio Caretto, A.D. 1520-1, was\nthought worthy to be put in competition for the Grand Mastership with the\ncelebrated Villiers de L'Isle Adam, and, as Vertot tells us, only lost that\ndignity by a very trifling majority. His paternal coat--Sable, a cheveron\nengrailed argent, between three plates, on each a pale, gules--is impaled\nwith that of his mother, Alice, daughter of Thomas Green, of Gressingham,\nin Yorkshire; Argent, a bugle-horn sable, stringed gules, between three\ngriffins' heads, erased, of the second; over all, the chief of the order.\n\n2. Sir Lancelot Docwra, near kinsman to Sir Thomas, and son of Robert\nDocwra, of Docwra-Hall, in Cumberland. His arms are impaled with--Or, a\ncross flory sable--the coat armour of his mother, Jane, daughter of Sir\nJohn Lamplugh, of Lamplugh, in the same county; one \"of a race,\" as Denton\nsays, \"of valorous gentlemen, successively for their worthiness knighted in\nthe field, all, or most part of them.\" The chief of the order also\nsurmounts his shield.\n\n3. The third is the shield of Sir John Randon; Gules, a bend checquy or and\nazure, impaling Argent, a frette, and on a chief, gules, three escallops of\nthe field; over all, the chief of the order. {299}\n\nIf any readers of \"N. & Q.\" could furnish me with more examples, I should\nbe much obliged.\n\nJOHN O' THE FORD.\n\nMalta.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Three Maids._--There is a spot on the road from Winchester to Andover\ncalled the \"Three Maids.\" They are I believe nameless. Tradition says that\nthey poisoned their father, and were for that crime buried alive up to\ntheir necks. Travellers passing by were ordered not to feed them; but one\ncompassionate horseman as he rode along threw the core of an apple to one,\non which she subsisted for three days. Wonderful is it to state that three\ngroups of firs sprung up miraculously from the graves of the three maids.\nThus their memories have been perpetuated. The peasantry of Winchester and\nits neighbourhood for the most part accredit the story, and I see no reason\nfor disbelieving the first part of it myself. Does any one know of a like\npunishment being awarded in olden times, when the tender mercies of the law\nwere cruel and arbitrary?\n\n_Mother Russel's Post._--Whilst I am on the subject of folk lore I may as\nwell add, that on the road to Kings Sombourn, of educational renown, there\nis a spot where four roads meet. Report says that a certain Mother Russel,\nwho committed suicide, was buried there. A little girl in this village was\nafraid to pass the spot at night on account of the ghosts, which are\nsupposed to haunt it in the hours of darkness. The rightful name of the\nplace is \"Mother Russel's Post.\"\n\nEUSTACE W. JACOB.\n\nCrawley.\n\n_Shrove Tuesday Custom_ (Vol. ix., p. 65.).--The Shrove Tuesday custom\nmentioned by MR. ELLIOTT as existing at Leicester, and an account of which\nhe quotes from Hone's _Year-Book_, has been abolished within the last few\nyears. There is, I believe, still a curious custom on that day at Ludlow,\nthe origin and meaning of which has never, so far as I am aware, been\ndiscovered and stated.\n\n    \"The corporation,\" I quote from a history of the town, \"provide a rope,\n    three inches in thickness, and in length thirty-six yards, which is\n    given out at one of the windows of the Market House as the clock\n    strikes four, when a large body of the inhabitants, divided into two\n    parties, commence an arduous struggle, and as soon as either party\n    gains the victory by pulling the rope beyond the prescribed limits, the\n    pulling ceases, &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    \"Without doubt this singular custom is symbolical of some remarkable\n    event, and a remnant of that ancient language of visible signs, which,\n    says a celebrated writer, 'imperfectly supplies the want of letters to\n    perpetuate the remembrance of public or private transactions.' The sign\n    in this instance has survived the remembrance of the occurrence it was\n    designed to represent, and remains a profound mystery. It has been\n    insinuated that the real occasion of this custom is known to the\n    corporation, but that, for some reason or other, they are tenacious of\n    the secret.\"\n\nThe local historian then mentions an \"obscure tradition,\" but as it is not\nin agreement with my own opinion, I omit it.\n\nS. P. Q.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSTORNELLO.\n\nVerses, the rhymes of which return after the fashion of those printed in\n\"N. & Q.\" (Vol. vi., p. 603., and Vol. vii., p. 174.), are commonly current\namong the peasants of Tuscany, and in many instances form the materials of\ntheir popular songs. It is probable that this description of rhyme\noriginated in the \"bel paese la dove 'l si suona.\" They usually turn on a\ncombination of _three_ words, as in those quoted in Vol vii. of \"N. & Q.\"\nAnd the name _stornello_, as will be readily perceived, is derived from\n_tornare_, to return. I send you a specimen of one of them, which has a\ncertain degree of historical interest attached to it, from its connexion\nwith the movement of 1848. It was difficult to walk through the streets of\nFlorence in those days without hearing it carolled forth by more than one\nFlorentine Tyrtaeus. _Now_, I need hardly say, \"we never mention it--its\nname is never heard.\" The patriot-flag was a _tricolor_ of white, red, and\ngreen, a nosegay of which colours a youth has brought to his mistress. She\nsings as follows:\n\n  \"E gli diro che il verde, il rosso, il bianco\n  Gli stanno ben con una spada al fianco.\n  E gli diro che il bianco, il verde, il rosso,\n  Vuol dir che Italia il duro giogo ha scosso.\n  E gli diro che il rosso, il bianco, il verde\n  E un terno che si giuoca e non si perde.\"\n\nOf which the following rough version may serve to give a\nsufficiently-accurate idea of the meaning, for the benefit of your \"country\ngentlemen\" readers:\n\n  \"And I'll tell him the green, and the red, and the white\n  Would look well by his side as a sword-knot so bright.\n  And I'll tell him the white, and the green, and the red\n  Mean, our country has flung the vile yoke from her head.\n  And I'll tell him the red, and the white, and the green\n  Is the prize that we play for, a prize that we'll win.\"\n\n\"Un terno che si giuoca\" is a phrase which refers to the system of the\npublic lotteries, {300} established (so much to their shame) by the Italian\ngovernments; and a page of explanation of that system would be needful, to\nmake any literal translation of it intelligible to an English reader.\n\nIn conclusion I may say, in reply to the Query of HENRY H. BREEN, that the\nPopes alluded to in the epigram cited by him as above referred to (Vol.\nvi., p. 603.), seem evidently to have been Julius II. (Rovere), Leo X.\n(Medici), Clement VII. (Medici), and Paul III. (Farnese). And the epigram\nin question says no more than the truth, in asserting that they all four\noccasioned infinite mischief to France.\n\nT. A. T.\n\nFlorence.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Perspective._--There is a very common error in drawing walls, the plane of\nwhich is parallel to the plane of the picture. An instance of it occurs in\nthe facade of Sennacherib's Palace, Layard's 2nd book on Nineveh,\nfrontispiece. All the horizontal lines in the plane of the picture are\ndrawn parallel. The fact is, that every line above or below the line of the\nhorizon, though _really_ parallel to it, _apparently_ approaches it, as it\nis produced to the right or left. The reason is obvious. One point in the\nwall, viz. that on which you let fall a perpendicular from your eye, is\nnearest to your eye. The perpendicular height of the wall, as drawn through\nthis point, must therefore appear greater than as drawn through any other\npoint more to the right or left. The lines which are really parallel do\ntherefore apparently converge on some point more or less distant, according\nto the distance of the wall from your eye. Every drawing in which this\nprinciple is not considered must, I think, appear out of perspective.\n\nG. T. HOARE.\n\nTandridge.\n\n\"_That._\"--I lately met with the following grammatical puzzle among some\nold papers. I forget from what book I copied it many years ago. Perhaps it\nmay be new to some of your readers.\n\n  \"I'll prove the word that I have made my theme,\n  Is that that may be _doubled_ without blame,\n  And that that that thus _trebled_ I may use,\n  And that that that that critics may abuse,\n  May be correct.--Farther, the Dons to bother,\n  _Five_ thats may closely follow one another--\n  For, be it known that we may safely write\n  Or say that that that that that man writ was right;\n  Nay, e'en that that that that that that has followed\n  Through _six_ repeats, the grammar's rule has hallowed,\n  And that that that (that _that_ that that began),\n  Repeated _seven_ times is right! Deny't who can.\"\n\nMcC.\n\n_Corporation Enactments._--In the town books of the Corporation of Youghal,\nco. Cork, among other singular enactments of that body are two which will\nnow be regarded as curiosities. In the years 1680 and 1703, a cook and a\nbarber received their freedom, on condition that they would respectively\ndress the mayor's feasts, and shave the Corporation, gratis!\n\nABHBA.\n\n_Jacobite Club._--The adherents of the Stuarts are now nearly extinct; but\nI recollect a few years ago an old gentleman, in London, who was then\nupwards of eighty years of age, and who was a stanch Jacobite. I have heard\nhim say that, \"when he was a young man, his father belonged to a society in\nAldersgate Street, called the 'Mourning Bush;' and this Bush was to be\nalways in mourning until the Stuarts were restored.\" A member of this\nSociety having been met in mourning when one of the reigning family had\ndied, was asked by one of the members how it so happened? His reply was,\nthat he was \"not mourning for the dead, but for the living.\" The old\ngentleman was father of the Mercers' Company, and his brother of the\nStationers' Company: they were bachelors, and citizens of the old school,\nhospitable, liberal, and charitable. An instance occurred, that the latter\nhad a presentation to Christ's Hospital: he was applied to on behalf of a\nperson who had a large family; but the father not being a freeman, he could\nnot present it to the son. He immediately bought the freedom for the\nfather, and gave the son the presentation! This is a rare act.\n\nThe brothers have long gone to receive the reward of their goodness, and\nlie buried in the cemetery attached to Mercers' Hall, Cheapside.\n\nJAMES REED.\n\nSunderland.\n\n_Dean Nowell's first Wife._--Churton, in his _Life of Alexander Nowell_,\ndean of St. Paul's, p. 368., is at a loss to know the name of the dean's\nfirst wife. He says:\n\n    \"Of his first wife nothing farther is known but that he was married,\n    either to her or to his second wife, in or before the year 1561. His\n    surviving wife, Eliz. Nowell, had been twice married before, and had\n    children by both her former husbands. Laurence Ball appears to have\n    been her first husband, and Thomas Blount her second.\"\n\nThe pedigree of Bowyer, in the _Visitation of Sussex_, in 1633-4, gives the\nname of the dean's first wife:\n\n  \"Thomas    =  Jane, da. and heir of  =  Alexander Nowell,\n  Bowyer        Robert Merry, son         dean of St. Paul's.\n  of London.    of Thomas Merry           2nd husband.\"\n                of Hatfield.\n\nY. S.\n\n\"_Oxoniana._\"--To your list of desirable reprints, I beg to add the very\namusing work under this title, and originally published in four small {301}\nvolumes about fifty years since, and now become scarce. Additions and\ncorrections would add to the value and interest of a work which preserves\nmany curious traits of past times and of Oxford Dons.\n\nALPHA.\n\n_An Epigram falsely ascribed to George Herbert._--The recent editors of\nGeorge Herbert have printed as his, among his Latin poems, the last two\nlines of the 76th epigram of Martial's eighth book:\n\n  \"Vero verius ergo quid sit, audi:\n  Verum, Gallice, non libenter audis.\"\n\nJ. E. B. MAYOR.\n\n_Ingulph: Bohn's \"Antiquarian Library.\"_--Will you kindly allow me to avail\nmyself of your columns to correct an error in my translation of \"Ingulph,\"\nin Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_? In the note to page 2, the Abbey of\n_Bardney,_ in Lincolnshire, is confounded with _Partney,_ which was one of\nits cells. The mistake was not observed till, unfortunately, the sheet had\nbeen printed; and it was accidentally omitted among the _errata_. My\nauthority had, I rather think, been misled by Camden.\n\nHENRY T. RILEY.\n\n31. St. Peter's Square, Hammersmith.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nQUOTATIONS WANTED.\n\n  \"Quid levius calamo? Pulvis. Quid pulvere? Ventus.\n  Quid vento? Meretrix. Quid meretrice? Nihil.\"\n\n  \"What is lighter than a feather?\n  Dust. The wind more light than either.\n  What is lighter than the wind?\n  Airy, fickle, womankind.\n  What than womankind is lighter?\n  Nothing, nothing--but the writer.\"\n\nX. Y.\n\n  \"The knights are dust,\n  Their good swords are rust,\n  Their souls are with the saint, we trust.\"\n\nC. M. O'CAOIMH.\n\n  \"Circles are prized, not that abound\n  In greatness, but the exactly round.\n  Thus men are honoured, who excel,\n  Not in high state, but doing well.\"\n\nG. C. H.\n\n  \"Ill habits gather by unseen degrees,\n  As brooks to rivers, rivers run to seas.\"\n\nS.\n\n  \"The clanging trumpet sounds to arms,\n  And calls me forth to battle:\n  Our banners float 'midst war's alarms,\n  The signal cannons rattle.\"\n\nT. W.\n\n  \"Of whose omniscient and all-spreading love,\n  Aught to implore were impotence of mind.\"\n\nQ.\n\n  \"He no longer shall dwell\n    Upon that dirty ball,\n  But to heaven shall come,\n    And make punch for us all.\"\n\nA SEPTUAGENARIAN.\n\n  \"Sometimes, indeed, an acre's breadth half green,\n  And half strewed o'er with rubbish, may be seen.\n  When lo! a board, with quadrilateral grace,\n  Stands stiff in the phenomenon of space,\n  Proposing still the neighbourhood's increase,\n  By, 'Ground to let upon a building lease.'\"\n\nH. W.\n\n  \"Then what remains, but well our parts to chuse,\n  And keep good humour whatsoe'er we lose.\"\n\nF. W. J.\n\n  \"Bachelors of every station,\n  Listen to my true relation.\"\n\nAlso a ballad describing the visit of a countryman and his wife to Oxford.\nBoth of Berkshire origin.\n\nL.\n\n\"A fellow feeling makes us wond'rous kind.\"\n\nW. V.\n\n\"Sir John once said a good thing.\"\n\n[Greek: Xanthos].\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSIR EDMUND PLOWDEN.\n\nIn your publication (Vol. iv., p. 319.), one of your correspondents has\ngiven some interesting particulars relative to Sir Edmund Plowden, New\nAlbion, &c., and expresses the hope that Americans will hereafter do\njustice to the memory of one really deserving their respect. I am desirous\nof doing something to vindicate his memory and claims; and to this end\nshould be greatly obliged if your correspondent would favour me with some\nadditional facts. To get at these, I will put some of them in the\ninterrogative form.\n\nWhen and where was Sir Edmund born?\n\nWhat is the evidence that he was in America from 1620 to 1630? If so, where\n(in what localities), and what capacity?\n\nHe says that his sister married a son of Secretary Lake, _then_ in office;\nbut Lake was turned out several years before 1630, and Lord Baltimore took\nhis place, I think. Nor was Wentworth made Earl of Strafford till after the\ntime of the petition.\n\nHe is said to have served five years in Ireland: in what capacity?\n\nWho were Viscount Musherry, Lord Monson, Sir Thomas Denby, (Claiborne I\nknow of), Capt. Balls; besides Sir John Laurence, Sir Bowyer {302}\nWorstley, Barrett, &c.? Where did these parties \"die, in America,\" in 1634?\n\nIs the _Latin_ original of the character in existence? There is an omission\nin the bounds given in the paper referred to: can I get an extract from the\noriginal entry of limits?\n\nDid the charter ever pass the _Great Seal_?\n\nWould it be valid, if only passed under the private seal?\n\nCan the date of the grant to Danby be ascertained?\n\nAre there any memoranda of Plowden's six years' residence as Governor of\nNew Albion (I have some of his residence in Virginia)?\n\nCan I get more definite facts about the misconduct of Francis?\n\nThe license for alienation, &c. is stated to have been obtained 15th of\nCharles, 1646; but the 15th of Charles was 1640. When did he arrive to\nattend to his property, and when was he imprisoned in the Fleet?\n\nWho was Beauchamp Plantagenet, the author of the tract on _New Albion_,\npublished in 1648?\n\nWho were Robert Evelin, Captain Young, and Master Miles, mentioned in that\ntract?\n\nCan you give me any additional facts, _dates_ especially, of events and\nbirths, deaths, &c.?\n\nI know not into whose hands these Queries will come; but I can say that, if\nthey are answered, the cause of historic truth and justice will be served;\nand I shall have the aid I want towards correcting the misrepresentations\nand errors that have been accumulating for years on this point.\n\nS. F. STREETER, Sec. Md. Hist. Soc.\n\nBaltimore Md., March 2, 1854.\n\nP. S.--I should like to inquire, through your publication, if any one can\ngive me the family of Mr. Claiborne; and any facts in his history not\nstated in our works?\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nANCIENT CLOCK, AND ODEVAERE'S HISTORY OF IT.\n\nAs a portion of the history of the magnificent clock, which came into my\npossession last year, is connected with Holland, I think it probable that I\nmay, through the means of \"N. & Q.\" and the _Navorscher_, be able to obtain\nthe information respecting it which I desire. I shall therefore be very\nmuch obliged if you will give this communication a place.\n\nIt will be necessary to give a brief description of the clock, so as to\nenable parties on the other side of the water to recognise and identify it.\nThe clock, which is of copper richly gilt, and elaborately engraved, stands\nabout four feet high, independent of the pedestal. It is of architectural\ndesign, and is divided into three stories, having detached columns at each\ncorner. The two lower stories contain the dials in the front. The upper\nstory exhibits the groups of moving silver figures, which strike the\nquarters, hours, and move in procession whilst a tune is played by a chime\nof bells. The whole is surmounted by a dome, on which is placed a silver\ncock, which flaps his wings and crows when the clock strikes. It was made\nby Isaac Hahrecht (the artist who made the great clock in the cathedral at\nStrasburg), according to the inscription on it, in the year 1589: and is\nevidently a model of that celebrated work condensed into a single tower,\nsince it performs all the feats of that clock. Its reputed history, as\ngiven in a printed account of it, is, that it was made for Pope Sixtus V.,\nand was for more than two hundred years in the possession of the Court of\nRome. It afterwards came into the possession of William I., King of the\nNetherlands, who authorised Odevaere the antiquary, now deceased, to\ninvestigate everything concerning it, and to give a description of it. What\nI should wish to know is, who was this Odevaere, and where is his\ndescription of it to be found? With regard to the history of the clock, I\nshould wish to know the authority for the statement of its having been made\nfor the Pope, when and how it came to leave the Vatican; how it became the\nproperty of the King of Holland; when and why it ceased to belong to the\ncrown of Holland; and under what circumstances it came over to this\ncountry, where it was exhibited in 1850?\n\nIf any of the readers of \"N. & Q.,\" or the _Navorscher_, can give me any\ninformation respecting it, I shall feel greatly obliged.\n\nOCTAVIUS MORGAN.\n\n9. Pall Mall.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Spielberg, when built?_--When and by whom was the prison of Spielberg, in\nMoravia, built? Has it been used exclusively as a state prison?\n\nM. J. S.\n\n_\"Ded. Pavli.\"_--Can you give me any information respecting a tract\nentitled--\n\n    \"Ded. Pavli Antiquarius, Theologia, et contra Perciocas Thologo\n    Rvmaetatis nostrae scholas Philippi Melanchthonis declamativncvla. Et\n    quaedam alia lectv dignissima.\"\n\nF. COLEMAN.\n\n16. Great St. Helens.\n\n_Mantelpiece: Mantelshelf: Mantelboard: Mantell and Brace._--What is the\norigin of this word, and whence came the thing? It must originally have had\na use and a meaning, before it became a haven of rest for hyacinth-glasses,\nchina monsters, Bohemian glass vases, and a thousand nick-nacks and odds\nand ends of drawing-room {303} furniture, as it _now_ is with us. It had,\nno doubt, some real work to do before it became what we are pleased to term\n_ornamental_.\n\nC. D. LAMONT.\n\nGreenock.\n\n_Passage in Job._--The REV. MOSES MARGOLIOUTH will much oblige the writer,\nand some of his friends, by giving in \"N. & Q.\" a literal translation of\nJob xix. 26. The authorised version is:\n\n    \"And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh I\n    shall see God.\"\n\nThe marginal reference gives:\n\n    \"After I shall awake, though this body be destroyed, yet out of my\n    flesh shall I see God.\"\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_Provincial Glossaries._--In an article in the 79th volume of the\n_Edinburgh Review_, on the provincialisms of the European languages, the\nwriter says:\n\n    \"There are some very copious early English vocabularies lying in\n    manuscript in the Cathedral libraries of Durham, Winchester, and\n    Canterbury; in the British Museum, King's College, and other\n    depositories, deserving collection.\"\n\nWill any of your learned readers inform me of the dates of the MSS.\nreferred to, and by whom the collections were made? I would recommend them\nto the notice of the Camden Society.\n\nFRA. MEWBURN.\n\n_Chadderton of Nuthurst, co. Lancaster._--What crest did this family bear,\nand when did the family become extinct?\n\nJ. B.\n\n_A marvellous Combat of Birds._--In the _Phoenix Britannicus_, by J.\nMorgan, London, 4to., p. 250.[2], there is an account of--\n\n    \"The wonderful battle of stares (or starlings), fought at Cork on\n    Saturday 12th, and Monday 14th, October, 1621.\"\n\nAnd this narration relates, that on the Sunday, October 13, the intervening\nday, the starlings absented themselves to fight at Woolwich, in Kent!!\n\nWithout vouching for the fact, or calling in question the prowess of this\n\"Irish Brigade,\" I leave it to be confirmed or refuted by any reader of the\n\"N. & Q.\"--_comme bon lui semblera_.\n\n[Greek: S].\n\nP. S.--I would, _a propos_ to the above subject, thank any reader of your\nmiscellany to point out to me a work by a M. Hanhart (I believe is the\nname), which I think is upon _Les Moeurs des Fourmis indigenes_, in which\nare given some particulars of regular conflicts between ants. I am not\naware of the exact title of the book, but I have seen an account of it in\nsome Edinburgh periodical, if I am not mistaken.\n\n[Footnote 2: At p. 252. of the same article is an account of the battle of\nthe gnats, noticed by MR. E. W. JACOB.--ED.]\n\n_Battle of the Gnats._--In reading Stowe's _Chronicles of England_, I hit\nupon the following passage recorded in the reign of King Richard II., p.\n509.:\n\n    \"A fighting among gnats at the King's Maner of _Shine_, where they were\n    so thicke gathered, that the ayre was darkned with them: they fought\n    and made a great battaile. Two partes of them being slayne, fel downe\n    to the grounde; the thirde parte hauing got the victorie, flew away, no\n    man knew whither. The number of the deade was such that might be swepte\n    uppe with besomes, and bushels filled weyth them.\"\n\nThis is a curious incident, and I have never heard of anything of the sort\ntaking place in modern times. Would some of your readers who study natural\nhistory be good enough to give me another instance? I am at present\ninclined to think that the account is one of the many myths which Stow\ndoubtless believed.\n\nEUSTACE W. JACOB.\n\n_Sandford of Thorpe Salvine, Co. York._--Wanted, the arms and crest of the\nSandfords of Thorpe Salvine. Also any particulars of the family, from the\ncommencement of their residence at High Ashes, in the parish of\nAshton-under-Lyne, co. Lancashire, until the termination of that residence.\nWere they of the same family with Sandford, Baron Mount Sandford?\n\nJ. B.\n\n\"_Outlines of the History of Theology_,\" 8vo., London, 1844, said to be\nprivately printed. Any information as to the author, &c. will oblige\n\nJOHN MARTIN.\n\nWoburn Abbey.\n\n_\"Mawkin.\"_--Is this word, which signifies here \"a scarecrow,\" merely a\nNorfolk pronunciation of _mocking_? i. e. an imitation of a man--composed\nof coat, hat, &c. hung upon a cross bar of wood?\n\nJ. L. S.\n\n_\"Plain Dealer.\"_--Can any one of your readers inform me where I can see a\ncopy of Aaron Hill's _Plain Dealer_, as originally published, and before it\nwas collected and printed in two volumes?\n\nD.\n\n_Hymn attributed to Handel._--Can any of your readers give information\nconcerning a hymn which commences thus:\n\n  \"We'll proclaim the wond'rous story\n    Of the mercies we receive,\n  From the day-spring's dawn in glory,\n    To the fading hour of eve.\"\n\nIt has been attributed to Handel. On what authority?\n\nW. P. STORER.\n\nOlney, Bucks.\n\n{304}\n\n_Degrees in Arts._--In the diploma of Master of Arts which I obtained from\nthe University of Edinburgh, occur the words:\n\n    \"Cunctaque consecutum esse Privilegia, Immunitates, Jura, quae hic aut\n    usquam alibi Bonarum Artium Magistris concedi solent.\"\n\nWhat are (or rather _were_, for I suppose they do not now exist) these\n_privilegia_, _immunitates_, and _jura_?\n\nANNANDALE.\n\n_\"Goloshes\"--\"Kutchin-kutchu.\"_--What is the origin of _goloshes_, as the\nname of water-proof shoes? It is, of course, of American derivation. But\nhas it any connexion with the tribe of North American Indians, the\nGoloshes? They are the immediate neighbours of those tribes of Esquimaux\nwho form water-proof boats and dresses from the entrails of the seal; and a\nconfusion of names may easily have occurred.\n\nThe expedition of Sir John Richardson to the Arctic shores, which suggests\nthe above Query, also gives rise to another. Did any of your readers ever\namuse themselves, as children, by performing the dance known as _kutchin\nkutchu_-ing; which consists in jumping about with the legs bent in a\nsitting posture? If so, have they not been struck with a philological\nmania, on seeing his picture of the Kutchin-Kutcha Indians dancing; in\nwhich the principal performer is actually figuring in the midst of the wild\ncircle in the way described. Is not the nursery term something more than a\nmere coincidence?\n\nSELEUCUS.\n\n_Cornwalls of London._--Perhaps some reader of \"N. & Q.\" may be able to\ninform me what were the arms, crest, and motto of the Cornwalls of London?\nOne of the family, John Cornwall, was a Director of the Bank of England in\n1769.\n\nF. C.\n\nBeverley.\n\n_Flasks for Wine-bottles._--When, and under what circumstances, did the\ncommon use of flasks in this country, for holding wine, go out? Hogarth\ndied in 1764, and in none of his pictures, I believe, is the wine-bottle,\nin its present shape, to be seen. On the other hand, I have never found any\nperson able to remember the use of flasks, or indeed any other than the\nwine-bottle in its present shape. The change must have been rapidly\neffected between 1760 and 1790. Of course I am aware that certain wines,\nGreek, I believe, are still imported in flasks.\n\nHENRY T. RILEY.\n\n_Froxhalmi, Prolectricus, Phytacus, Tuleus, Candos, Gracianus, and Tounu or\nTonnu._--Can any of your correspondents suggest the meaning of these words,\nor either them? They are not in the recent Paris edition of Ducange.\n\nHENRY T. RILEY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Postmaster at Merton College._--Can you tell me whether there is any known\nderivation for the term \"Postmaster,\" as applied to part of the members on\nthe Foundation of Merton College, Oxford? Also, What connexion there is\nbetween this word and the Latin for it, which is seen on the college plate,\nin the words \"In usum Portionistarum?\"\n\nJ. G. T.\n\nCh. Ch.\n\n    [It seems probable that these postmasters formerly occupied one of the\n    postern gates of the college. Hence we find Anthony a Wood, in his\n    Life, August 1, 1635, says, \"A fine of 30_li._ was set by the warden\n    and fellowes of Merton College. When his father renewed his lease of\n    the old stone-house, wherein his son A. Wood was borne (called\n    antiently Portionists' or Postmasters' Hall), for forty yeares,\" &c.\n    Again, April 13, 1664: \"A meeting of the warden and fellowes of Merton\n    College, where the renewing of the leases belonging to the family,\n    concerning the housing (Portionists' Hall and its appurtenances)\n    against Merton College, was by them proposed.\" Fuller, in his _Church\n    Hist._, book III. cent. xiii. sect. 8., has given the origin of\n    postmasters. \"There is,\" says he, \"a by-foundation in Merton College, a\n    kind of college in the college, and this tradition goeth of their\n    original:--Anciently there was, over against Merton College, a small\n    unendowed hall, whose scholars had so run in arrears, that their\n    opposite neighbours, out of charity, took them into their college (then\n    but nine in number) to wait on the fellows. But since, they are freed\n    from any attendance, and endowed with plentiful maintenance.... Bishop\n    Jewel was a postmaster, before removed hence to be fellow of Corpus\n    Christi.\" Consult also Oxoniana, vol. ii. pp. 15-22. The _Portionistae_,\n    or Postmasters, did not reside in the college till the latter end of\n    the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but in a hall opposite to it, which had\n    been provided for the use of the college by Peter de Habinton, or\n    Habendon, the first warden. It afterwards became the property of the\n    father of Anthony a Wood, and beneath its roof that distinguished\n    antiquary was born, December 17, 1632. The second brother of Anthony\n    became one of the postmasters of Merton College.]\n\n_\"Lyra Apostolica.\"_--Can you inform me who were the writers in the _Lyra\nApostolica_ who assumed the letters [alpha], [beta], [gamma], [delta],\n[epsilon], [zeta]?\n\nTYRO.\n\n    [We have heard the initials attributed to the following\n    writers:--[alpha], Bowden; [beta], R. H. Froude; [gamma], John Keble;\n    [delta], J. H. Newman; [epsilon], Isaac Williams; [zeta], Wilberforce.]\n\n_East Dereham Manor._--Is it true that \"the manor of East Dereham of the\nQueen\" was wrested from the See of Ely by Queen Elizabeth's celebrated\nthreat of \"unfrocking?\"\n\nS. Z. Z. S.\n\n    [The memorable unique epistle from the maiden Majesty of England only\n    deprived Dr. Cox, at that time, of his town-house and fair gardens,\n    called Ely {305} Place, on Holborn Hill, reserving to himself and his\n    successors free access, through the gate-house, of walking in the\n    garden, and leave to gather twenty bushels of roses yearly therein!\n    During the life of Dr. Cox an attempt was made by Elizabeth on some of\n    the best manors belonging to the See of Ely; but it was not till that\n    of his successor, Dr. Martin Heton, that Dereham Grange, with other\n    manors, were alienated to the Crown. See Dugdale's _Monasticon_, vol.\n    i. p. 466.]\n\n_Quakers executed in North America._--Were there not several Quakers hanged\nin North America on account of their religious opinions? And can you inform\nme where an account of the circumstances attending this persecution (if\nthere ever was such an one) can be found?\n\nALFRED CONDER.\n\n    [Three Quakers were executed at Boston in 1659, viz. William Robinson,\n    merchant of London; Marmaduke Stevenson of Yorkshire; and Mary Dyar. An\n    account of the cruelties inflicted upon them is given in Sewell's\n    _History of the Quakers_, edit. 1725, pp. 219-227.; also in a pamphlet\n    entitled _A Declaration of the sad and great Persecution and Martyrdom\n    of the People of God, called Quakers, in New England, for the\n    Worshipping of God_: London, printed for Robert Wilson, in\n    Martin's-le-Grand, 1661. It will be found among the King's Pamphlets in\n    the British Museum.]\n\n_Inscription in Fulham Church._--I should esteem it a favour if any one of\nyour numerous correspondents would furnish me with a correct copy of the\ninscription to the memory of the son of Colonel Wm. Carlos, who so nobly\ndefended Charles II. at the battle of Worcester.\n\nJ. B. WHITBORNE.\n\n    [\"Here lieth William Carlos of Stafford, who departed this life, in the\n    twenty-fifth yeare of his age, the 19th day of May, 1668.\n\n      'Tis not bare names that noble fathers give\n      To worthy sonnes: though dead, in them they live;\n      For in his progeny, 'tis Heaven's decree,\n      Man only can on earth immortall bee;\n      But Heaven gives soules w^h grace doth sometymes bend\n      Early to God their rice and Soveraigne end.\n      Thus, whilst that earth, concern'd, did hope to see\n      Thy noble father living still in thee,\n      Careless of earth, to heaven thou didst aspire,\n      And we on earth, Carlos in thee desire.\"\n\n    Arms: an oak on a fesse, three regal crowns.]\n\n_Hero of the \"Spanish Lady's Love.\"_--Was Sir John Bolle, of Thorpe Hall,\nnear Louth, the hero of the _Spanish Lady's Love_? The Bolle pedigree is in\nIllingworth's _History of Scampton_.\n\nS. Z. Z. S.\n\n    [According to Ormerod's _Cheshire_, vol. iii. p. 333., Sir Urian Legh,\n    of Adlington, disputes the fact of being the hero of that romantic\n    affair. \"Sir Urian Legh was knighted by the Earl of Essex at the siege\n    of Cadiz, and during that expedition is traditionally said to have been\n    engaged in an adventure which gave rise to the well-known ballad of\n    'The Spanish Lady's Love.' A fine original portrait of Sir Urian, in a\n    Spanish dress, is preserved at Bramall, which has been copied for the\n    family at Adlington.\" So that between these two chivalrous knights it\n    is difficult to decide which is the famed gallant. From the care\n    exercised by Mr. Illingworth in collecting all the anecdotes and\n    notices of the Bolle family, the presumptive evidence seems to favour\n    his hero.]\n\n_\"Bothy.\"_--In the March Number of _Blackwood's Magazine_, 1854, the word\n\"bothy\" is frequently used in an article called \"News from the Farm.\" Will\nsome one of your numerous correspondents give me a little account of \"the\nbothy system?\"\n\nF. M. MIDDLETON.\n\n    [A bothy is a cottage or hut where labouring servants are lodged, and\n    is sometimes built of wood, as we read in the _Jacobite Relics_, ii.\n    189.:\n\n      \"Fare thee well, my native cot,\n        _Bothy_ of the birken tree!\n      Sair the heart, and hard the lot,\n        O' the lad that parts wi' thee.\"\n\n    Bothies, or detached houses, in which the unmarried farm-servants sleep\n    and prepare their victuals, and of which there is a considerable number\n    in Perthshire, though convenient and beneficial in some respects, have\n    not, certainly, contributed to the formation of virtuous habits. These\n    servants are often migratory, removing frequently at the expiration of\n    the year, according as humour or caprice may dictate, and, like birds\n    of passage, taking their departure to other lands.]\n\n_\"Children in the Wood.\"_--Was Weyland Wood in Norfolk the scene of the\n\"Children in the Wood?\"\n\nS. Z. Z. S.\n\n    [The following account of this tradition is given in _Beauties of\n    England and Wales_, vol. xi. p. 269., Norfolk:--\"Near the town of\n    Watton is Weyland Wood, vulgarly called _Wailing_ Wood, from a\n    tradition that two infants were basely murdered in it by their uncle;\n    and which furnished the story of a beautifully pathetic and well-known\n    ancient ballad, entitled \"The Children in the Wood, or the Norfolk\n    Gentleman's Last Will and Testament,\" preserved in Percy's _Reliques_.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nBRYDONE THE TOURIST.\n\n(Vol. ix., pp. 138. 255.)\n\nIn reply to H. R. NEE F., I beg to state that the writer of the remarks\nalluded to, on Brydone's _Tour in Sicily and Malta_, was the Rev. Robert\nFinch, M.A., formerly of Balliol College in this University, and who died\nabout the year 1830. When I met with Mr. Finch's honest and somewhat blunt\nexpression of opinion, recorded in a {306} copy which once belonged to him,\nof Brydone's _Tour_, I was quite ignorant of the hostile criticisms that\nhad appeared at different times on that once popular work; but knowing Mr.\nFinch's high character for scholarship, and a knowledge of Italy, I thought\nhis remark worth sending to a publication intended, like \"N. & Q.,\" as \"A\nMedium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, Antiquaries,\" &c., who are\nwell able to examine a Note of the kind; and either to accept it as valid,\nor to reject it as untenable. On referring now to some standard works, in\norder to discover the opinions of learned men respecting Mr. Brydone's\n_Tour_, the first work I looked into was the _Biographie Universelle_ (in\neighty-three volumes, and not yet completed, Paris, 1811-1853), in vol.\nlix. of which the following observations occur, under the name of BRYDONE\n(Patrice):\n\n    \"On lui a reproche d'avoir sacrifie la verite au plaisir de raconter\n    des choses piquantes. On l'avait accuse aussi d'avoir, par son\n    indiscretion, suscite a l'Abbe Recupero, Chanoine de Catane, une\n    persecution de la part de son eveque. Cette indiscretion n'eut pas\n    heureusement un resultat aussi facheux; mais ses erreurs sur plusieurs\n    points sont evidentes; il donne 4000 toises de hauteur a l'Etna qui\n    n'en a que 1662; il commet d'autres fautes qui ont ete relevees par les\n    voyageurs venus apres lui. Bartels (_Briefe ueber Kalabrien und\n    Sicilien_, 2te Auflage, 3 Bd., 8vo., Goetting. 1791-92) est meme\n    persuade que le voyage au sommet de l'Etna, chef-d'oeuvre de narration,\n    n'est qu'un roman, et cet avis est partage par d'autres.\"\n\nGoethe says (_Werke_, Band xxviii. pp. 189, 190.: Stuttgart, 1830) that when\nhe inquired at Catania respecting the best method of ascending Mount Etna,\nChevalier Gioeni, the professor of natural history there, gave him the\nfollowing advice and information:\n\n    \"Als wir den Ritter um die Mittel befragten wie man sich benehmen muesse\n    um den Aetna zu besteigen, wollte er von einer Wagniss nach dem Gipfel,\n    besonders in der gegenwaertigen Jahreszeit gar nichts hoeren. Ueberhaupt,\n    sagte er, nachdem er uns um Verzeihung gebeten, die hier ankommenden\n    Fremden sehen die Sache fuer allzuleicht an; wir andern Nachbarn des\n    Berges sind schon zufrieden, wenn wir ein paarmal in unserm Leben die\n    beste Gelegenheit abgepasst und den Gipfel erreicht haben. Brydone, der\n    zuerst durch seine Beschreibung die Lust nach diesem Feuergipfel\n    entzuendet, ist gar nicht hinauf gekommen.\"\n\nFrom these quotations it is evident, that Mr. Finch was not singular in the\nbelief he entertained; and certainly the scepticism of men so eminent as\nProfessor Gioeni, Dr. Barthels, and Messrs. Eyries and Parisot (the French\nwriters whose names are attached to the Memoir in the _Biog. Univ._), must\nbe grounded on reasons deserving of attention. An ordinary reader of\nBrydone would accept the account of his ascent with implicit confidence;\nbut when veteran professors, scientific men, and experienced travellers and\nscholars refuse to believe that he reached the summit of Etna, the most\nprobable mode of accounting for their incredulity is, perhaps to suppose,\nthat in their opinion he had mistaken some other part of the mountain for\nthe real summit. Not having met with any detail of their reasons for\ndisbelief, I am only able to state their bare assertion. In my opinion, the\nbeautifully glowing and poetical description of the magic scene beheld by\nBrydone from the mountain--a description, the perusal of which, in youth,\nremains for ever after imprinted on the memory, like a passage from Addison\nor Gibbon, could only have been written by an actual spectator.\n\nJOHN MACRAY.\n\nOxford.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\"THE RED COW\"--CROMWELL'S CARRIAGES, ETC.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 87.)\n\nI have known \"The Red Cow,\" at the top of Granham Hill, near Marlborough,\nfor fifty years, but do not recollect ever to have heard of any particular\norigin for the sign.\n\nThe old carriages at Manton were built about a century and a half ago,\nperhaps not so much, for one of the Baskerville family, on the occasion of\nhis being sheriff of the county to which he belonged, probably Wilts or\nHereford. There are two of them: one a square coach, and the other a very\nhigh phaeton. The Baskerville arms--Ar. a chevron gu. between three hurts,\nimpaling, quarterly, one and four, or, a cross moline az, two and three,\ngu. a chevron ar. between three mallets or--are painted on the panels. As I\nhave no ordinary of arms at hand, I cannot ascribe this impalement; but\nwill trust to some more learned herald among your correspondents to\ndetermine who the lady was? When her name, perhaps Moleyns or Molyneaux, is\nascertained, reference to a Baskerville pedigree would probably determine\nthe husband, and the precise date of the carriages, which could not have\nbelonged to the Protector.\n\nO. Cromwell's arms were, Sable, a lion rampant ar. There were also two\nfamilies styled Williams _alias_ Cromwell: one of which bore, Gu. three\ncheverons ar. between as many lions rampant or; the other, Sa. a lion\nrampant ar., the same as Oliver's coat, and probably derived by him from\nthe Williams family.\n\nI have wandered from \"The Red Cow,\" but I will not omit to hazard an idea\nfor the consideration of GLYWYSYDD. Marlborough has changed its armorial\nbearings several times; but the present coat, containing a white bull, was\ngranted by Harvey, Clarenceux in A.D. 1565. Cromwell was attached to\nCowbridge and its cow by family {307} descent; so he was to Marlborough by\ncongeniality of sentiment with the burghers. Query, Whether, in affection\nto the latter, he granted to the town a new coat, some such as the\nfollowing: Gules, a bull passant argent, armed or, impaling a cow passant\nregardant gules: and so might originate \"The Red Cow\" upon Granham Hill.\nHistory is entirely silent upon this point; but if such a combination were\never given to Marlborough, it is quite certain that Harvey's grant was\nresumed at the Restoration. I have quite forgotten to remark, that there is\na suburb at Marlborough called Cowbridge--a fact which seems to strengthen\nmy hypothesis.\n\nA cow may be borne by some name, but at present I only recollect that of\nVach: to which is accorded, Ar. three cows' heads erased sable. Bulls and\noxen occur frequently; as in Fitz-Geffrey, Cowley, Bull, Oxley, Oxcliffe,\nOxendon, &c. Bulls' heads belong to the families of Bullock, Hillesdon,\nFleming, Barbor, Frend, Gornay, Bullman, and Williams, a baronet, &c.\n\nPATONCE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFOX-HUNTING.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 172.)\n\nAs no answer to the Query on \"Fox-hunting\" has yet appeared in \"N. & Q.,\" I\nventure to send the following extracts from an article in the _Quarterly\nReview_, March 1832, on \"The Management of Hounds and Horses,\" by Nimrod.\nIt appears that \"the first public notice of fox-hunting\" occurs in the\nreign of Richard II., who gave permission to the Abbot of Peterborough to\nhunt the fox:\n\n    \"In Twice's _Treatise on the Craft of Hunting_, Reynard is thus\n    classed:\n\n      'And for to sette young hunterys in the way\n        To venery, I cast me fyrst to go;\n      Of which four bestes be, that is to say,\n        The Hare, the Herte, the Wulf, and the wild Boar:\n      But there ben other bestes, five of the chase,\n        The Buck the first, the seconde is the Do;\n      The _Fox_ the third, which hath hard grace,\n        The ferthe the Martyn, and the last the Roe.'\n\n    \"It is indeed quite apparent, that until at most a hundred and fifty\n    years ago, the fox was considered as an inferior animal of the chase;\n    the stag, buck, and even hare, ranking before him. Previously to that\n    period, he was generally taken in nets or hays, set on the outside of\n    his earth: when he _was_ hunted, it was among rocks and crags, or woods\n    inaccessible to horseman: such a scene in short, or nearly so, as we\n    have drawn to the life in Dandie Dinmont's primitive _chasse_ in _Guy\n    Mannering_. It is difficult to determine when the first regularly\n    appointed pack of hounds appeared among us. Dan Chaucer gives the thing\n    in _embryo_:\n\n      'Aha, the fox! and after him they ran;\n      And eke with staves many another man.\n      Ran Coll our dogge, and Talbot, and Gerlond,\n      And Malkin with her distaff in her hond.\n      Ran cow and calf, and eke the very hogges,\n      So fered were for the barking of the dogges,\n      And shouting of the men and women eke,\n      They ronnen so, hem thought her hertes brake.'\n\n    \"At the next stage, no doubt, neighbouring farmers kept one or two\n    hounds each; and, on stated days, met for the purpose of destroying a\n    fox that had been doing damage to their poultry yards. By and bye, a\n    few couple of strong hounds seem to have been kept by the small country\n    esquires or yeomen who could afford the expense, and they joined packs.\n    Such were called _trencher_ hounds, implying that they ran loose about\n    the house, and were not confined in kennel.\"\n\nThese are but short extracts, but they comprise the whole of what is said\non the first origin of fox-hunting. The rest of the article treats of the\nquality and breed of horses and hounds.\n\nFREDERICK M. MIDDLETON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWEATHER RULES.\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 50. 535.)\n\n_St. Vincent's Day, Jan. 22._--In Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, Bohn's\nedition, vol. i. p. 38., is to be found the following notice of this day:\n\n    \"Mr. Douce's manuscript notes say: 'Vincenti festo si Sol radiet, memor\n    esto;' thus Englished by Abraham Fleming:\n\n      'Remember on St Vincent's Day,\n      If that the Sun his beams display.'\n\n    \"[Dr. Foster is at a loss to account for the origin of this command,\n    &c.]\"\n\nIt is probable that the concluding part of the precept has been lost; but a\ncurious old manuscript, which fell into my hands some years since, seems to\nsupply the deficiency. The manuscript in question is a sort of household\nbook, kept by a family of small landed proprietors in the island of\nGuernsey between the years 1505 and 1569. It contains memoranda, copies of\nwills, settlements of accounts, recipes, scraps of songs and parts of hymns\nand prayers; some Romanist, some Anglican, some of the Reformed Church in\nFrance. Among the scraps of poetry I find the following rhymes on St.\nVincent's Day; the first three lines of which are evidently a translation\nof the Latin verse above quoted, the last containing the to be remembered:\n\n  \"Prens garde au jour St. Vincent,\n  Car sy ce jour tu vois et sent\n  Que le soleil soiet cler et biau,\n  Nous erons du vin plus que d'eau.\"\n\nThese lines follow immediately after the rhymed prognostications to be\ndrawn from the state of the weather on St. Paul's Day, Jan. 28. As these\n{308} verses differ from those quoted in Brand, from an _Almanack_ printed\nat Basle in 1672, I here give the Guernsey copy:\n\n  \"Je te donneray ugne doctryne\n  Qui te vauldra d'or ugne myne;\n  Et sordement sur moy te fonde,\n  Car je dure autant que ce monde:\n  Et sy te veulx byen advertir\n  Et que je ne veulx point mentir.\n  De mortaylle guerre ou chertey,\n  [A line appears to be lost here]\n  Si le jour St. Paul le convers\n  Se trouve byaucob descouvert,\n  L'on aura pour celle sayson\n  Du bled et du foyn a foyson;\n  Et sy se jour fait vant sur terre,\n  Ce nous synyfye guerre;\n  S'yl pleut ou nege sans fallir\n  Le chier tans nous doet asalir;\n  Si de nyelle faict, brunes ou brouillars,\n  Selon le dyt de nos vyellars,\n  Mortalitey nous est ouverte.\"\n\nAnother line appears to be omitted here; then follow immediately the lines\non St. Vincent's Day.\n\nEDGAR MACCULLOCH.\n\nGuernsey.\n\nThe following is copied from an old manuscript collection of curiosities in\nmy possession. I should be glad to know the author's name, and that of the\nbook[3] from which it is taken:--\n\n    \"_Observations on Remarkable Days, to know how the whole Year will\n    succeed in Weather, Plenty, &c._\n\n    \"If it be lowering or wet on Childermas or Innocence Day, it threatens\n    scarcity and mortality among the weaker sort of young people; but if\n    the day be very fair, it promiseth plenty.\n\n    \"If New Year's Day, in the morning, open with dusky red clouds, it\n    denotes strifes and debates among great ones, and many robberies to\n    happen that year.\n\n    \"It is remarkable on Shrove Tuesday, that as the sun shine little or\n    much on that day, or as other weather happens, so shall every day\n    participate more or less of such weather till the end of Lent.\n\n    \"If the sun shines clear on Palm Sunday, or Easter Day, or either of\n    them, there will be great store of fair weather, plenty of corn, and\n    other fruits of the earth.\n\n    \"If it rains on Ascension Day, though never so little, it foretells a\n    scarcity to ensue that year, and sickness particularly among cattle;\n    but if it be fair and pleasant, then to the contrary, and pleasant\n    weather mostly till Michaelmas.\n\n    \"If it happen to rain on Whitsunday, much thunder and lightning will\n    follow, blasts, mildews, &c. But if it be fair, great plenty of corn.\n\n    \"If Midsummer Day be never so little rainy, the hazel and walnut will\n    be scarce, corn smitten in many places; but apples, pear and plums will\n    not be hurt.\n\n    \"If on St. Swithin's Day it proves fair, a temperate winter will\n    follow; but if rainy, stormy, or windy, then the contrary.\n\n    \"If St. Bartholomew Day be misty, the morning beginning with a hoar\n    frost, then cold weather will soon ensue, and a sharp winter attended\n    with many biting frosts.\n\n    \"If Michaelmas Day be fair, the sun will shine much in the winter;\n    though the wind at north-east will frequently reign long, and be very\n    sharp, and nipping.\"\n\nRUBY.\n\n[Footnote 3: _The Shepherd's Kalendar_, by Thomas Passenger. See \"N. & Q.\"\nVol. viii., p. 50., where many of his observations are quoted.--ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBINGHAM'S ANTIQUITIES.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 197.)\n\nI beg to send to your correspondent MR. RICHARD BINGHAM the following\nreplies to his seven Queries.\n\n1. If there be any use in verifying so slight a verbal reference to\nPanormitan, one of whose huge folios, Venet. 1473, I have examined in vain,\nperhaps the object might be attained by the assistance of such a book as\nThomassin's _Vetus et Nova Ecclesiae Disciplina_, in the chapter \"De\nEpiscopis Titularibus,\" tom. i.\n\n2. Bishop Bale's description of the monks of Bangor is to be found in his\n_Scriptor. Britann. Catal._ Compare Richard Broughton's _True Memorial of\nthe ancient State of Great Britain_, pp. 39. 40, ed. an. 1650.\n\n3. I should think in his _Colloquies_, and most probably in the\n_Peregrinatio Religionis ergo_. Erasmus, in his _Modus orandi Deum_, also\nobserves that \"quidam in concionibus implorant opem Virginis,\" and condemns\nthe \"vestigia veteris Paganismi.\" (sigg. _u_ and _s_ 2, Basil, 1551.)\n\n4. Respecting the existence of what is called the Epistle of St. Athanasius\nto Eustathius, Cardinal Bona was right and Bingham in error. Vide St.\nAthan., _Opp._ ii. 560, ed. Bened.\n\n5. Bingham was seriously astray in consequence of his misunderstanding\nBona, who does not by any means refer to Pamelius, but to the anonymous\nauthor of the _Antiquitatum Liturgicarum Syntagma_, who is believed to have\nbeen Florentius Vanderhaer. If Pamelius is to be introduced at all, the\nreference in Bingham should be, not to \"tom. iii. p. 307.,\" but to i.\n328-30. I would remark too that, in the heading of one of the extracts\nsubjoined, \"ex Vita Ambrosiana,\" should be \"ex Ritu Ambrosiano.\"\n\n6. Joannes Semeca did not flourish A.D. 1250, but died in 1243. Suicer\nwrongly refers to \"Dist. IV. cap. iv.,\" and Harding, more inaccurately, to\n\"Dist. IV. _can._ iv.\" (Bp. Jewel's _Works_, {309} ed. Jelf, i. 419.) Cap.\nxxviii. is the one intended, and there is no corruption whatsoever.\n\n7. Joseph Bingham was only closely following Barrow. The first edition of\nDe la Bigne's _Bibliotheca Patrum_, tom. i., also has the evidently\nsenseless reading, \"ista quidam _ego_,\" instead of \"_nego_,\" about which\nsee Comber's _Roman Forgeries_, ii. 187. For MSS. of the Epistles of Pope\nSymmachus, your correspondent may consult the Carmelite Lud. Jacob a S.\nCarolo's _Bibliotheca Pontifica_, p. 216.; or, much more successfully, De\nMontfaucon's _Bibliotheca Bibliothecarum Manuscriptorum_, Paris, 1739.\n\nR. G.\n\nShould MR. RICHARD BINGHAM not yet have verified the reference to Erasmus,\nI beg to furnish him with the means of doing so but I am tolerably certain\nthat I recollect having met with another place in which this admirable\nwriter more fully censures those preachers of his Church who, at the\ncommencement of their sermons, called upon the Virgin Mary for assistance,\nin a manner somewhat similar to that in which heathen poets used to invoke\nthe Muses. The following passage, however, may be quite sufficient for your\ncorrespondent's purpose:\n\n    \"Sed si est fons gratiae, quid opus est illi dicere Ora pro nobis? Non\n    est probabile eam consuetudinem a gravibus viris inductam, sed ab\n    inepto quopiam, qui, quod didicerat apud Poetas propositioni succedere\n    invocationem, pro Musa supposuit Mariam.\"--Des. Erasmi Roterod.\n    _Apologia adversus Rhapsodias calumniosarum querimoniarum Alberti Pii,\n    quondam Carporum Principis_, p. 168. Basil. in off. Froben. 1531.\n\nR. G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nANCIENT TENURE OF LANDS.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 173.)\n\nAbout the close of the tenth century (and perhaps much earlier) there began\nto arise two distinct modes of holding or possessing land: the one a\n_feud_, _i.e._ a stipendiary estate; the other _allodium_, the phrase\napplied to that species of property which had become vested by allotment in\nthe conquerors of the country. The stipendiary held of a superior; the\nallodialist of no one, but enjoyed his land as free and independent\nproperty. The interest of the stipendiary did not originally extend beyond\nhis own life, but in course of time it acquired an hereditary character\nwhich led to the practice of subinfeudation; for the stipendiary or\nfeudatory, considering himself as substantially the owner, began to imitate\nthe example of his lord by carving out portions of the feud to be held of\nhimself by some other person, on the terms and conditions similar to those\nof the original grant. Here B. must be looked upon as only vassal to A.,\nhis superior or lord; and although feuds did not originally extend beyond\nthe life of the first vassal, yet in process of time they were extended to\nhis heirs, so that when the feudatory died, his male descendants were\nadmitted to the succession, and in default of them, then such of his male\ncollateral kindred as were of the blood of the first feudatory, but no\nothers; therefore, in default of these, it would consequently revert to A.,\nwho had a reversionary interest in the feud capable of taking effect as\nsoon as B.'s interest should determine. If the subinfeudatory lord\nalienated, it would operate as a forfeiture to the person in immediate\nreversion.\n\nW. T. T.\n\nAs a very brief reply to the queries of J. B., permit me to make the\nfollowing observations.\n\nThe Queen is lady paramount of all the lands in England; every estate in\nland being holden, immediately or mediately, of the crown. This doctrine\nwas settled shortly after the Norman Conquest, and is still an axiom of\nlaw.\n\nUntil the statute _Quia Emptores_, 18 Edw. I., a tenant in fee simple might\ngrant lands to be holden by the grantee and his heirs _of the grantor and\nhis heirs_, subject to feudal services and to escheat; and by such\nsubinfeudation manors were created.\n\nThe above-named statute forbade the future subinfeudation of lands, and\nconsequently hindered the further creation of manors. Since the statute a\nseller of the fee can but transfer his tenure. There are instances in which\none manor is holden of another, both having been created before the\nstatute.\n\nIn the instance mentioned by J. B. it is presumed that the hamlet escheated\nto the heirs of A. on failure of the heirs of B. (See the statute _De Donis\nConditionalibus_, 13 Edw. I.)\n\nIt is not, and never was, necessary, or even possible, that the lord of a\nmanor should be the owner of all the lands therein; on the contrary, if he\nwere, there would be no manor; for a manor cannot subsist without a court\nbaron, and there can be no such court unless there are _freehold_ tenants\n(at least two in number) holding of the lord. The land retained by the lord\nconsists of his own demesne and the wastes, which last comprise the\nhighways and commons. If the lord should alienate all the lands, but retain\nhis lordship, the latter becomes a _seignory in gross_.\n\nSuch was and is the tenure of lands in England, so far as concerns the\nqueries of J. B. He will find the subject lucidly explained at great length\nin the second volume of Blackstone's _Commentaries_.\n\nI. CTUS.\n\nLincoln's Inn.\n\nI think that J. B. will find in Blackstone, or any elementary book on the\nlaw of real property, all the information which he requires. The case which\nhe puts was, I suppose, the common case {310} of subinfeudation before the\nstatute of _Quia Emptores_, 18 Edw. I. A., the feoffor, reserved to himself\nno estate or reversion in the land, but the seignory only, with the rent\nand services, by virtue of which he might again become entitled to the land\nby escheat, as for want of heirs of the feoffee, or by forfeiture, as for\nfelony. If the feoffment were in tail, the land would then, as now, revert\non failure of issue, unless the entail had been previously barred. The\nright of alienation was gradually acquired; the above statute of _Quia\nEmptores_ was the most important enactment in that behalf. With this\nexception, and the right to devise and to bar entails, the lords of manors\nhave the same interest in the land held by freeholders of the manor that\nthey had in times of subinfeudation. (Blackstone's _Comm._, vol. ii. ch.\n287., may be carefully consulted.)\n\nH. P.\n\nLincoln's Inn.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Spots on Collodion Pictures, &c._--The principal difficulty I experience\nin the collodion process is occasioned by the appearance of numberless very\nminute spots or points over the whole extent of the picture. These\noccurring on the whites of my pictures (positives) give them a rough,\nrubbed, appearance and want of _density_, which I should feel obliged if\nany of your correspondents can teach me how to overcome.\n\nOne of your photographic querists inquires the remedy for his calotype\nnegatives darkening all over before the minor details are brought out. I\nhad for a long time been troubled in the same way, but by diminishing the\naperture of my three-inch lens to half an inch, and reducing the strength\nof my sensitising solution to that given by DR. DIAMOND, and, in addition,\nby developing with gallic acid alone until the picture became tolerably\ndistinct in all its parts, and then applying the gallo-nitrate, I have\nquite succeeded in obtaining first-rate negatives. It is well to prepare\nonly a small quantity of aceto-nitrate at once, as the acetic acid is of a\nsufficiently volatile nature to escape from the solution, which is a not\nunfrequent cause of the general darkening of the picture. It would be well\nto substitute a more fixed acid for the acetic if this be practicable, as\nit is in the collodion process, where tartaric is recommended.\n\nH. C. COWLEY.\n\nDevizes, Wilts.\n\n_The Double Iodide Solution._--The great difference in the quantity of\niodide of potassium ordered by different persons, to dissolve a given\nweight of iodide of silver in a given volume of water, has induced me to\nmake some experiments on the subject. I find that using pure nitrate of\nsilver, and perfectly pure iodide of potassium (part of a parcel for which\nMr. Arnold, who manufactures iodine on a large scale in this island, got a\nmedal at the Exhibition of 1851), the quantity of iodide of potassium\nrequired varies, _caeteris paribus_, to the extent of 15 per cent., with the\nquantity of water added to the iodide of silver before adding the iodide of\npotassium; the minimum required being when the two salts act on each other\nin as dry a form as possible. Take the precipitate of iodide of silver, got\nby decomposing 100 grains of nitrate of silver with 97.66 grains of iodide\nof potassium; drain off the last water completely, so that the precipitate\noccupies not more than five or six drachms by measure; throw on it 640\ngrains of iodide of potassium; rapid solution ensues; when perfectly clear,\nadd water up to four ounces: the solution remains unclouded. But if two or\nthree ounces of water had been first poured on the iodide of silver, 680\ngrains, as I stated in my former paper, would have been required, and\nperhaps 734. The _rationale_ is, I suppose, that in a concentrated form the\nsalts act on each other with greater energy, and a smaller quantity of the\nsolvent is required than if it is diluted. Many analogous cases occur in\nchemistry. I hope this little experiment will be useful to others, as a\nsaving of 15 per cent. on the iodide of potassium is gained. As a large\nbody of precipitated iodide of silver can be more completely drained than a\nsmaller quantity, in practice it will be found that small precipitates\nrequire a few grains more than I have stated: thus, throw on the\nprecipitate of iodide of silver (got from 150 grains of nitrate), drained\ndry, 960 grains of iodide of potassium; solution rapidly ensues, which,\nbeing made up to six ounces, the whole remains perfectly clear; whereas the\niodide of silver thrown down from 50 grains of nitrate, similarly treated\nwith 320 grains of iodide of potassium, and made up to two ounces (the\nproportional quantities), will probably require 10 or 15 grains more of\niodide to effect perfect solution, the reason being that it contained a\ngreater quantity of water _pro rata_ than the first.\n\nThe following table, showing the exact quantities of iodide of potassium\nrequired to decompose 50, 100, and 150 grains of nitrate of silver, the\nresulting weight of iodide of silver, and the weight of iodide of potassium\nto make a clear solution up to 2, 4, and 6 ounces, will often be found\nuseful:\n\n                        _Grs._       _Grs._      _Grs._\n  Nitrate of silver       50          100         150\n  Iodide of potassium     48.83        97.66      146.49\n  Iodide of silver        68.82       137.64      206.46\n  Iodide of potassium    320          640         960\n  Water up to            2 oz.        4 oz.       6 oz.\n\nT. L. MANSELL, A.B., M.D.\n\nGuernsey.\n\n_Mounting Photographs_ (Vol. ix., p. 282.).--J. L. S. will find the\n\"Indian-rubber glue,\" which is sold in tin cases, the simplest and cleanest\nsubstance for mounting positives; it also possesses the advantage of being\nfree from the attacks of insects.\n\nSELEUCUS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Books on Bells_ (Vol. ix., p. 240.).--Add to MR. ELLACOMBE'S curious list\nof books on bells the following:\n\n    \"Duo Vota consultiva, unum de Campanis, alterum de Coemeteriis. In\n    quibus de utriusque antiquitate, {311} consecratione, usu et effectibus\n    plene agitur, pluraque scitu dignissima ad propositi casus, aliorumque\n    in praxi, hac de re occurrentium decisionem, non injucunde adducuntur.\n    Auctore D. Augustino Barbosa, Protonotario Apostolico, Eminentissimorum\n    DD. Cardinalium Sacrae Congregationis Indicis Consultore, Abbate de\n    Mentrestido, ac insignis Ecclesiae Vimarensis Thesaurario majore.\"\n    [4to., no place nor date.]\n\nI have here given the full title of a pamphlet of 112 pages, exclusive of\ntitle, which I purchased about twenty years since of Rodd, the honourable\nand intelligent bookseller of Great Newport Street. It came from the\nlibrary of Professor J. F. Vandevelde of Louvaine. Some former possessor\nhas written before the title, \"Quamvis tantum libellus tamen rarissimus,\"\nand it is, perhaps, the only copy in this country. It is not in the\nBodleian catalogue, nor was it in Mr. Douce's library.\n\nP. B.\n\n_Medal in Honour of Chevalier St. George_ (Vol. ix., p. 105).--A. S.\ninquires about a medal supposed to have been struck in honour of Prince\nJames (Chevalier St. George); but his account of it is so vague, that I am\nunable to answer his question. If he will describe the medal, or state the\ngrounds upon which he supposes such a medal to have existed, I will\nendeavour to solve his doubts.\n\nH.\n\n_Dean Swift's Suspension_ (Vol. ix., p. 244).--I am surprised that ABHBA\nshould express a belief that the circumstances of Swift's college\npunishment have not been noticed by _any of his biographers_, when every\nsyllable of his communication is detailed (with original documentary\nproofs) in Dr. Barrett's _Early Life of Swift_, and is in substance\nrepeated in Sir Walter Scott's _Life_, prefixed to Swift's works.\n\nC.\n\n\"_Vanitatem observare_\" (Vol. ix., p. 247).--I am sorry to have given your\ncorrespondent F. C. H. a wrong reference, and I am not _quite_ sure about\nthe right one; but I think it is to a Latin translation of the Council of\nLaodicea, A.D. 366, c. 36.\n\nR. H. G.\n\n_Ballina Castle, Mayo_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--I have no idea to what place\nO. L. R. G. can allude as Ballina Castle; there is no place, ancient or\nmodern, about that town, that has that name; and the only place with the\ntitle of castle in the neighborhood, is a gentleman's modern residence of\nno great pretensions either as to size or beauty. He perhaps alludes to\nBelleck Abbey, which is a fine building; but, notwithstanding its title, is\nof still more modern date than the so-called castle. I am not aware of any\nrecent historical or descriptive work on the county generally. Caesar Otway,\nMaxwell, and the _Saxon in Ireland_, have confined their descriptions to\nthe \"Wild West;\" and the crowd of tourists appear to follow in their track,\nleaving the far finer central and eastern districts untouched. The\nfirst-named tourist appears to have projected another work on the county,\nbut never published it.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n_Dorset_ (Vol. ix., p. 247.).--NARES gives various spellings, as _douset_,\n_dowset_, _doulcet_, but in all equally derived from _dulcet_, \"sweet;\" and\nHalliwell has \"doucet drinkes;\" so that the great Manchester philosopher\nhad probably been indulging in a too copious libation of some sweet wine,\nwhich he styles \"foolish Dorset.\"\n\nF. R. R.\n\nDorchester beer had acquired a very great name, and was sent about England.\nOut of the shire it was called \"Dorset Beer,\" or \"Dorset.\" That town has\nlost its fame for brewing beer.\n\nG. R. L.\n\n_Judicial Rank hereditary_ (Vol. viii., p. 384.).--Such a list as your\ncorrespondent gives is not easily paralleled, it is true, in the judicial\nannals of England or Ireland; but in Scotland he might have found cases in\nconsiderable number to equal or surpass those which he mentions: for\ninstance, in the family of Dundas of Arniston, respecting which I find the\nfollowing note in the _Quarterly Review_, vol. lvii. p. 462.:\n\n    \"The series is so remarkable, that we subjoin the details:--Sir James\n    Dundas, judge of the Court of Session, 1662; Robert Dundas, son of Sir\n    James, judge of the Court of Session from 1689 to 1727; Robert Dundas,\n    son of the last, successively Solicitor-General and Lord Advocate, M.P.\n    for the county of Edinburgh, judge of the Court of Session 1737, Lord\n    President 1748, died in 1753 (father of Henry, Viscount Melville);\n    Robert Dundas, son of the last, successively Solicitor-General and Lord\n    Advocate, and member for the county, Lord President from 1760 to 1787;\n    Robert Dundas, son of the last, successively Solicitor-General and Lord\n    Advocate, Lord Chief Baron from 1801 to 1819; all these judges, except\n    the Chief Baron, had been known in Scotland by the title of Lord\n    Arniston. They were, we need hardly add, all men of talents, but the\n    two Lords President Arniston were of superior eminence in legal and\n    constitutional learning.\"\n\nThe Hope family, and some other Scottish ones, present as numerous a\ndisplay of legal dignitaries as the above; but the hereditary succession\nfrom father to son is perhaps not equalled, certainly not excelled, in any\nage or country. In fact, let the opponents of hereditary honours say what\nthey will, there is no description of talent except the poetical that has\nnot frequently remained in the same family for several generations\nunabated.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n_Tolling the Bell on leaving Church_ (Vol. ix., p. 125.).--In reply to\nJ. H. M.'s Query, I beg to state that the chief reason for tolling the bell\nwhile the congregation is leaving church, is to {312} inform the\nparishioners who have not been able to attend in the morning, divine\nservice will be celebrated in the afternoon. In scattered villages, or\nwhere a single clergyman had to perform the duties of more than one church,\nthis was formerly quite requisite. At a neighbouring village of Tytherly,\nthe custom is still observed, though no longer necessary.\n\nW. S.\n\nThere is little doubt that priests in olden times were fond of hot dinners,\nand the bell at the conclusion of the service must have been intended as a\nwarning to their cooks (and many others) to make ready the repast. This is\nmerely a supposition; but I shall cherish the idea in the want of a better\nexplanation. The custom has been, until very lately, observed in our little\ncountry church. There are other customs which are still kept up, namely,\nthat of tolling the church bell at eight o'clock on Sunday morning, and\nagain at nine, as well as that of ringing a small bell when the clergyman\nenters the reading-desk.\n\nE. W. J.\n\nCrawley, Winchester.\n\nI believe that the custom of tolling the bell when the congregation is\nleaving the church, is to notify that there will be another service in the\nday. This is certainly the reason in this parish (in Leicestershire); for\nafter the second service the bell is not tolled, nor if, on any account,\nthere is no afternoon service.\n\nS. S. S.\n\nWhen I was Lecturer of St. Andrew's, Enfield, the bells rang out a short\npeculiar peal immediately after Sunday Morning Prayer. I always thought it\nwas probably designed to give notice to approaching funeral processions\nthat the church service was over, as in the country burials--usually there\nalways on Sundays--immediately follow the celebration of morning service.\n\nMACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.\n\nI beg to inform your correspondent J. H. M. that this is often done at\nBray, near Maidenhead.\n\nNEWBURIENSIS.\n\nThe custom observed at Olney Church after the morning service, I have\nheard, is to apprize the congregation of a vesper service to follow.\n\nW. P. STORER.\n\nOlney, Bucks.\n\n_Archpriest in the Diocese of Exeter_ (Vol. ix., p. 185.).--Besides the\narchpriest of Haccombe, there were others in the same diocese; but, to\nquote the words of Dr. Oliver, in his _Monasticon, Dioc. Exon._, p. 287.,\n\n    \"He would claim no peculiar exemption from the jurisdiction of his\n    ordinary, nor of his archdeacon; he was precisely on the same footing\n    as the superiors of the archpresbyteries at Penkivell, Beerferris, and\n    Whitchurch, which were instituted in this diocese in the early part of\n    the fourteenth century. The foundation deed of the last was the model\n    in founding that of Haccombe.\"\n\nIn the same work copies of the foundation deeds of the archipresbytery of\nHaccombe and Beer are printed.\n\nOne would suppose that wherever there was a collegiate body of clergymen\nestablished for the purposes of the daily and nightly offices of the\nchurch, as chantry priests, that one of them would be considered the\nsuperior, or archipresbyter.\n\nGodolphin, in _Rep. Can._, 56., says that by the canon law, he that is\narchipresbyter is also called _dean_. Query, Would he then be other than\n\"Primus inter pares?\"\n\nPrince, in his _Worthies_, calls the Rector of Haccombe \"a kind of\nchorepiscopus;\" and in a note refers to Dr. Field _Of the Church_, lib. v.\nc. 37.\n\nWith regard to the Vicar of Bibury (quoted by MR. SANSOM, \"N. & Q.,\" Vol.\nix., p. 185.), he founded his exemption from spiritual jurisdiction, I\nbelieve, upon his holding a _Peculiar_, and not as an archpriest.\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nClyst St. George.\n\n_Dogs in Monumental Brasses_ (Vol. ix., p. 126.).--I have always understood\n(but I cannot say on any authority) that the dogs at the feet of monumental\neffigies of knights were symbolical of _fidelity_. That signification would\ncertainly be very appropriate in monuments of _crusaders_, where, I\nbelieve, they are generally found. And I would suggest to MR. ALFORD, that\nthe idea might not have been confined to fidelity in keeping the vow of the\nCross, but might have been extended to other religious vows: in which case\nthe ladies undoubtedly might sometimes claim the canine appendage to their\neffigies. The lion might perhaps symbolise _courage_, in which ladies are\nnot commonly supposed to excel.\n\nM. H. R.\n\n_The Last of the Palaeologi_ (Vol. v., pp. 173. 280. 357.).--The following\nscrap of information may be useful to L. L. L. and others, if too long a\ntime has not gone by since the subject was under discussion. In _The List\nof the Army raised under the Command of his Excellency Robert Earle of\nEssex_, &c.: London, printed for John Partridge, 1642, of which I have seen\na manuscript copy, the name of Theo. Palioligus occurs as Lieutenant in\n\"The Lord Saint John's Regiment.\"\n\nEDWARD PEACOCK.\n\nBottesford Moors, Kirton in Lindsey.\n\n_Long Names_ (Vol. viii., pp. 539. 651.).--Allow me to add the following\npolysyllabic names to those supplied by your\ncorrespondents:--_Llanvairpwllgwyngyll_, a living in the diocese of Bangor,\nbecame vacant in March, 1850, by the death of its incumbent, the Rev.\nRichard Prichard, aet. {313} ninety-three. The labour of writing the name of\nhis benefice does not seem to have shortened his days.\n\nThe following are the names of two _employes_ in the finance department at\nMadrid:--_Don Epifanio Mirurzururdundua y Zengotita_; _Don Juan Nepomuceno\nde Burionagonatotorecagogeazcoecha_.\n\nThere was, until 1851, a major in the British army named _Teyoninhokarawen_\n(one single name).\n\nG. L. S.\n\n_Elizabeth Seymour_ (Vol. ix., p. 174.).--According to Collins,--\n\n    \"Sir E. Seymour, first baronet, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir\n    Arthur Champeirion, of Dartington, co. Devon, by whom he had, besides\n    other issue, a daughter Elizabeth, who married George Cary, of\n    Cockington, co. Devon. Sir Edward Seymour, third baronet, married Anne,\n    daughter of Sir William Portman, and left, besides sons, a daughter,\n    also named Elizabeth, who married Sir Joseph Tredenham, of Tregony in\n    Cornwall, Knight.\"\n\nThese two ladies, whose similarity of name probably caused the confusion,\nmust have lived at least half a century apart.\n\nA. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\nThose who share the well-grounded opinion of Mr. Petit, that we cannot\nfully enter into the character of English architecture unless we give some\nattention also to French, German, and Italian, will gladly turn to the very\nprofusely and handsomely-illustrated volume which he has just issued, under\nthe modest title of _Architectural Studies in France_, by the Rev. J. L.\nPetit, M.A., F.S.A., _with Illustrations from Drawings_ by the Author and\nP. H. Delamotte. It is of course impossible, within the limits of our brief\nnotice, to enter into any examination of Mr. Petit's views upon the subject\nof Gothic architecture, the principles of which he believes to have been\nmore completely developed at an early period in England than anywhere else;\nand we must therefore content ourselves with directing attention to the\nbook itself, which will in no small degree supply to the architectural\nstudent desirous of studying French buildings, the opportunity of doing so;\nand that too under the guidance of one well qualified to direct his steps.\nMr. Petit has long been known to the antiquarian world as one of our\ngreatest authorities on the subject of Gothic architecture; and his various\npapers, illustrated by his own bold yet effective sketches in the\n_Archaeological Journal_, may have prepared some of our readers for a volume\nof great importance; yet we think even they will be surprised at the\ninterest and beauty of the present book. Mr. Petit, who has had on this\noccasion the assistance of Mr. Delamotte as a draughtsman, expresses his\nhope that at some future time he may avail himself of that gentleman's\nskill as a photographer.\n\nThere is, perhaps, no man of letters, no man of science, of whom the world\npossesses so unsatisfactory an account as Jerome Cardan. The author of\n_Palissy the Potter_ has therefore done good service, and executed a task\nworthy of himself, by _The life of Girolamo Cardano, of Milan, Physician_.\nIn two small readable volumes, rich in all the characteristics of his own\npeculiar mode of treatment, Mr. Morley has given us not only a clear view\nof the life and character of Cardan, based on a diligent and careful\nexamination of his voluminous writings--for Cardan reckoned that he had\npublished one hundred and thirty-one books, and left in MS. nearly as\nmany--but also a striking picture of the age in which he lived; and the\nwork, which is one of great interest to the general reader, is made still\nmore valuable to the literary antiquary by the accuracy with which Mr.\nMorley quotes his authorities.\n\nSome interesting manuscripts were sold by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson on\nWednesday, the 22nd ultimo, including original letters by Blake, Penn,\nMonk, Nelson, and other of our most renowned admirals; and of Charles I.\nand Charles II., Oliver and Richard Cromwell, Desborough; and numerous\nautographs of Commonwealth celebrities. The chief lot was a letter from\nCromwell to Pastor Cotton, in New England, written shortly after the battle\nof Worcester, in which he alludes to the difficulties he has experienced in\ntreating with some of the Scotch party. Mr. Carlyle had not seen the\noriginal, but used the copy among the Arundel MSS. It was knocked down to\nMr. Stevens, the American agent, for 36l. A printed broadsheet of the Peace\nof Breda sold for 3l. 7s. A letter of Richard Cromwell brought 4l. An\nautograph of Queen Bess brought 2l.; and one of Edward VI. brought 2l. 8s.\nAutographs of Mary are less common: one in this collection realised 3l. 7s.\nOne of Nelson's letters to Lady Hamilton brought 2l. 2s. Altogether, the\nprices realised were good.\n\nBOOKS RECEIVED.--_Lives of The Queens of England_, by Agnes Strickland,\nVol. III. This new volume of the cheaper edition of Miss Strickland's\npopular regal biographies comprises the Lives of Jane Seymour, Anne of\nCleves, Katherine Howard, Katherine Parr, and Mary.--_The Works of the Rt.\nHon. Joseph Addison, with Notes by Bishop Hurd_, Vol. II., is the new\nvolume of Bohn's _British Classics_, and comprises Addison's contributions\nto the _Tatler_ and _Spectator_.--In the same publisher's _Standard\nLibrary_, we have the third volume of his edition of Southey's _Works and\nCorrespondence of Cowper_, which embraces his Letters between the years\n1783 and 1788.--_Cyclopaedia Bibliographica_, Part XVIII., which extends\nfrom _Shepherd (Rev. E. J.)_ to _Surtees (Rev. Scott F.)_.--_Whitaker's\nEducational Register_, 1854. The work, which has undergone some\nmodifications, is now confined altogether to Educational Statistics, of\nwhich it is a most valuable compendium.--_Remains of Pagan Saxondom_, by\nJ. Y. Ackerman, Parts VIII. and IX. The contents of these numbers\nare:--Fragments from a Tumulus at Caenby, Lincolnshire; Fibula from\nIngarsby, Leicestershire; Glass Drinking-vessels from Cemeteries in Kent;\nFibulae from Rugby, Warwickshire. The great peculiarity of this Series is,\nthat the objects are drawn of the size of the originals; thus affording\ngreat facilities for comparing them with remains of similar character.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{314}\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nThe Volume of the LONDON POLYGLOTT which contains the Prophets.\nImperfection in other parts of no consequence.\n\nCARLISLE ON GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.\n\nTHE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\nParticulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the\ngentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are\ngiven for that purpose:\n\nALLISTER'S PARADIGMA CHESS OPENINGS.\n\nNATT'S SERMONS PREACHED AT ST. SEPULCHRE.\n\nARMYTAGE'S (Rev. J., of Tidenham) SERMONS.\n\nMAYHEW'S LONDON LIFE AND LABOUR. Complete.\n\nNICHOLSON'S LECTURES ON HEZEKIAH.\n\nWALTON AND COTTON'S ANGLER. Edited by Sir H. Nicolas.\n\n  Wanted by _Mr. Hayward_, Bookseller, Bath.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPENNY CYCLOPAEDIA. Part 92. (For September, 1840.)\n\n  Wanted by _A. Baden, Jun._, 1. Old Broad Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLONDON LABOUR AND THE LONDON POOR. 44 various Numbers, several of many of\nthem.\n\nKNIGHT'S NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA. 32 Parts.\n\nALMANACK OF THE MONTH, by Gilbert A. A'Beckett. Jan., Feb., June, Sept.,\nand Dec., 1846.\n\n  Wanted by _Geo. Newbold_, 8. Regent Street, Vauxhall Road.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nAN ESSAY EXPLANATORY OF THE TEMPEST PROGNOSTICATOR IN THE BUILDING OF GREAT\nEXHIBITION. The last edition.\n\n  Wanted by _J. T. C._, care of Messrs. McGee & Co., Nassau Street, Dublin.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE FAMILY INSTRUCTOR, by De Foe. 2 Vols. 1841. Oxford,   Talboys.\n\nALLAN RAMSAY'S TEA-TABLE MISCELLANY. 1724.\n\nHAZLITT'S SELECT POETS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 1825.\n\nTHE LADY'S POETICAL MAGAZINE, or Beauties of British Poets. 4 Vols. London,\n1781.\n\nTHE HIVE, containing Vol. I. _First_ Edition. (3 Vols.)\n\nTHE HIVE. Vol. III. 4th Edition. (Edition in 4 Vols.)\n\nLONDON MAGAZINE. Vols. after the year 1763.\n\n  Wanted by _Fred. Dinsdale_, Esq., Leamington.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nEVANS'S OLD BALLADS. Vol. I. 1810.\n\nAny of the Sermons, Tracts, &c., by the late Rev. A. G. Jewitt.\n\nHISTORY OF LINCOLN, by A. Jewitt.\n\nHOWITT'S GIPSY KING, and other Poems. Either one or two copies.\n\n  Wanted by _R. Keene_, Bookseller, Irongate, Derby.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE EPICURE'S ALMANACK FOR 1815.\n\n  Wanted by _George R. Corner_, 19. Tooley Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nA. J. N. (Birmingham). _Will this Correspondent let us see the papers\nrespecting_ John Henderson?\n\nJ. C. K. _The coin is a penny of Henry III., struck in London._\n\nMR. PINKERTON'_s letter has been forwarded to_ EIRIONNACH.\n\nF. C. J. _We cannot discover that James Murray, the second and last Earl of\nAnnandale, was executed. The Earl joined Montrose after the battle of\nKilsyth, and upon that heroic chieftain's defeat retired to England, where\nhe died in 1658. At his death the titles of Annandale, Annand, and Murray\nof Lochmaben, became extinct, and those of Stormont and Scoon devolved on\nDavid, second Lord Balvaird, who married the Earl's widow. See the_ Earldom\nof Mansfield _in Burke's_ Peerage.\n\nSANDER'S HISTORY OF SHENSTONE.--_Will any reader of_ \"N. & Q.\" _oblige me\nby lending me a copy of Sander's_ History of Shenstone? _Of course I would\npay the carriage and expenses. A letter would find me directed_, CID, _Post\nOffice, Stourbridge, Worcestershire._\n\nB. H. A. _For the derivation of_ Czar, _see our_ last Volume, pp. 150. 226.\n422.\n\nT. H. _On the Lord Mayor being a Privy Councillor, see our_ Fourth Volume\npassim.\n\nS. C. (Norwich). _The line_--\n\n  \"When Greeks joined Greeks then was the tug of war\"\n\n--_is from Lee's_ Alexander the Great.\n\nPISCATOR _will find ample illustration of_ \"ampers and _and the character_\n&\" _in our_ last Volume (8th), pp. 173. 223. 254. 327. 376. 524.\n\nA. BADEN, Jun., _will find that his Query respecting the pronunciation of_\nTea _in Queen Anne's time, has already been treated of in the curious\ndiscussion on_ Irish Rhymes _in our_ 6th, 7th, and 8th Volumes.\n\nX. Y. Z. _Brother-german is a brother by the father's or mother's side, in\ncontradistinction to a uterine brother, or by the mother only._\n\nE. H. McL. _Some examples of _wage_, the singular of _wages_, are given in\nTodd's_ Johnson: _consult also Richardson_, s. v.\n\nGALLO-NITRATE.--1. _We advise you to try the formula given in our former\nNumber_ (Vol. vii., p. 324.) _for positives; 30 grains of nitrate of silver\nmay do, but it is not very active._ 2. _A glass rod is inappropriate; it\nworks up the albumen into a lather._ 3. _Towgood's paper will take the\nalbumen very excellently. As we have often said before, when you may obtain\ncertain excellent results from_ known good _formulae, why waste your time\nupon uncertainties?_\n\nT. D. L. _If your bath contains the smallest portion of hypo., or any salt\nof iron, it is useless. Precipitate the silver with salt; collect and\nreduce it to its metallic state._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nGROSJEAN'S\n\nCELEBRATED TROWSERS,\n\n16s. per Pair.\n\n109. REGENT STREET.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.--HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises\nhandsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads, Children's Cribs and\nCots of new and elegant designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree\nBedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them fitted with\nFurnitures, complete. A large Assortment of Servants' and Portable\nBedsteads. They have also every variety of Furniture for the complete\nfurnishing of a Bed Room.\n\nHEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING,\nsent Free by Post.\n\nHEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of\nupwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,\nLadies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and\nother travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on\nreceipt of Two Stamps.\n\nMESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their\nTravelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new\nPortmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles\nof the kind ever produced.\n\nJ. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSURPLICES.\n\nGILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large Supply\nof SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.\n\nPARCELS delivered FREE at Railway Stations.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE EMPRESS OF CHINA'S TEA.--Recommended by the Faculty for its purity, by\nthe nobility and gentry for its choice quality (which is always the same)\nand by the trade for its general superiority and moderate price.\n\nMOORE & CO., 14. Little Tower Street. London. Sold retail at 27. COVENTRY\nST., HAYMARKET, and by their Agents throughout the kingdom. Price 4s. 4d.\nper lb., in tins of various sizes. Agents wanted (tea-dealers only) where\nnone are appointed.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{315}\n\nARCHER'S REGISTERED FOLDING CAMERA.--This new form of Camera combines\nportability with the power of expansion, and is capable of taking pictures\nfrom 3x4 to 10x8, in the open air without a tent.\n\nIt is made to contain the lens, baths, bottles, &c., necessary for an\nexcursion, packed up and ready for use in an upright position.\n\nIt is applicable to all the known processes in Photography.\n\nFurther particulars can be obtained of Mr. Archer, 105. Great Russell\nStreet, Bloomsbury, who supplies all other Apparatus necessary in\nPhotography, Collodion, pure Chemicals, &c. Portraits on Glass.\n\nAn assortment of Prints on Sale, Works of Art copied, &c. &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCLASSICAL MUSICAL LIBRARY--Subscribers are liberally supplied, on loan,\nwith every description of New Vocal and Instrumental Music, and have also\nat their disposal upwards of 3,000 volumes, including the Standard Operas,\nItalian, German, French, and English Songs, and all kinds of Instrumental\nMusic. During the Term of Subscription, each Subscriber has the privilege\nof selecting--for his own property--from 100,000 different pieces, 3\nGuineas' worth of Music. Prospectuses forwarded Free on application.\n\nJULLIEN & CO., 214. Regent Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 30 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, 65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square\n(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25\nGuineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these\npianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,\nsigned by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--\"We, the\nundersigned members of the musical profession, having fully examined the\nRoyal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great\npleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears\nto us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a\nricher and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while\nthe elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the\nlibrary, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.\nBishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby,\nE. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.\nHasse, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.\nKiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.\nMontgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry\nPhillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.\nRockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright,\" &c.\n\nD'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes,\ncash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on\napplication.\n\nCHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;\n16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.\n\nTHE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental\nArtists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.\n\n                                            L  s. d.\n  A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent\n    Process                                 1  1  0\n  Additional Copies (each)                  0  5  0\n  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished\n    (small size)                            3  3  0\n  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished\n    (larger size)                           5  5  0\n\nMiniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed\nand Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,\nChurches, &c., taken at a short notice.\n\nCameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and\nChemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.\n\nGratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. New Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Second-hand Camera for Sale, with Ross's 21/2 inch lens,\ncapable of taking pictures 81/2 by 61/2. Two double Shutters for paper, and one\nfor Collodion, adjusting Front, &c. Price, 7l. 10s. For further particulars\napply to MR. DIXEY, King's Road, Brighton.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,\nby an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,\nthey may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any\nother hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and\nappreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.\n\nApparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of\nPhotography. Instruction in the Art.\n\nTHE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per\nPost, 1s. 2d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCOLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty\nby using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and\nuniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most\nfaithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent\nin the hands of the photographer.\n\nAlbumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a\nminuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.\n\nWaxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.\n\nInstruction in the Processes.\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative\nChemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.\n\n*** Catalogues sent on application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety\nof Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury\nto the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively\nemployed by\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.-MESSRS. A. MARION & CO. beg to inform the Artists and Amateurs\nthat they are now ready to supply them with papers manufactured expressly\nfor Photographic purposes; since it has been tried it has received the\nunanimous good opinion of the most successful operators.\n\nPositive and Negative (not prepared), Simple Salted, and Salted Albumenized\nPositive, Simple Waxed, and Waxed Iodized Negative, Gummed Paper, and Cards\nfor Mounting Proofs.\n\nPAPETERIE MARION, 152. Regent Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHS Mounted and Framed in every Style, by E. FOX, 75A. Little\nBritain, City, Mounter to the Photographic Society, Polytechnic, and\nPhotographic Institutions.\n\nE. F. begs to inform the Profession and Amateurs that from his great\nexperience in Photograph Mounting, Framing, &c., he can guarantee perfect\nsatisfaction both as regards Style and Price.\n\nMounts and Passepartouts of every description.\n\nPrice Lists sent on application.\n\nGentlemen waited on at their residences.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.\n\nKNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of\nthe best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's\nLenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and\npure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.\nForwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.\n\nInstructions given in every branch of the Art.\n\nAn extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.\n  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.\n  T. Grissell, Esq.\n  J. Hunt, Esq.\n  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  E. Lucas, Esq.\n  J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  J. B. White, Esq.\n  J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,\n      Esq.\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       L   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4\n   22       1  18   8\n   27       2   4   5\n   32       2  10   8\n   37       2  18   6\n   42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{316}\n\nWORKS PRINTED FOR WALTON & MABERLY,\n\n28. UPPER GOWER STREET, and 27. IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOMPLETION OF A VOLUME.\n\nNow ready, VOLUME I., price 1s. 6d., in handsome boards,\n\nLARDNER'S MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART.--A Miscellany of Instructive and\nAmusing Tracts on the Physical Sciences, and on their Application to the\nUses of Life. Illustrated by Engravings on Wood.\n\n          CONTENTS.\n\n      PART I., price 5d.\n  1. The Planets; Are they Inhabited Globes?\n  2. Weather Prognostics.\n  3. The Planets. Chap. II.\n  4. Popular Fallacies in Questions of Physical Science.\n\n      PART II., price 5d.\n  5. Latitudes and Longitudes.\n  6. The Planets. Chap. III.\n  7. Lunar Influences.\n  8. Meteoric Stones and Shooting Stars. Chap. I.\n\n      PART III., price 6d.\n  9. Railway Accidents. Chap. I.\n  10. The Planets. Chap. IV.\n  11. Meteoric Stones and Shooting Stars. Chap. II.\n  12. Railway Accidents. Chap. II.\n  13. Light.\n\n*** Continued in Weekly Numbers, Monthly Parts, and Quarterly Volumes.\n\n    \"This series, besides affording popular but sound instruction on\n    scientific subjects, with which the humblest man in the country ought\n    to be acquainted, also undertakes that teaching of 'common things'\n    which Lord Ashburton and every well-wisher of his kind are anxious to\n    promote.\"--_The Times_, Feb. 9, 1854.\n\n    \"A cheap and interesting publication, alike informing and attractive.\n    The papers combine subjects of importance with great scientific\n    knowledge, considerable inductive powers, and a popular style of\n    treatment.\"--_Spectator._\n\nAlso, PART IV., price 5d., containing,\n\n  14. Common Things. Air.\n  15. Locomotion in America. Chap. I.\n  16. Cometary Influences. Chap. I.\n  17. Locomotion in America. Chap. II.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHIRD COURSE OF DR. LARDNER'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.\n\nThis Day, 1 vol., 37 Plates, and 200 Woodcuts, price 16s. 6d.\n\nDR. LARDNER'S HANDBOOK of ASTRONOMY and METEOROLOGY. Being the Third Course\nof the \"Handbook of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy.\"\n\nBy the same Author.\n\nFIRST COURSE: MECHANICS, HYDROSTATICS, HYDRAULICS, PNEUMATICS, SOUND,\nOPTICS. 400 Woodcuts. Price 12s. 6d.\n\nSECOND COURSE: HEAT, COMMON ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM, VOLTAIC ELECTRICITY.\n200 Woodcuts. 8s. 6d.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNEW WORK ON ARITHMETIC.\n\n12mo., 5s. cloth.\n\nA COURSE OF ARITHMETIC AS TAUGHT IN THE PESTALLOZZIAN SCHOOL, WORKSOP. By\nJ. L. ELLENBERGER.\n\n    \"A happy combination of theory and practice, containing explanation and\n    demonstration enough to afford wholesome mental discipline, and yet not\n    too difficult to be understood by pupils of average ability. In every\n    case the reason why a particular process is adopted in order to obtain\n    the desired result is clearly set forth.\"--_Athenaeum._\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPROFESSOR BOOLE'S NEW WORK.\n\nJust published, 8vo., 14s.,\n\nTHE LAWS OF THOUGHT, on which are founded the Mathematical Theories of\nLogic and Probabilities. By GEORGE BOOLE, Professor of Mathematics in\nQueen's College, Cork.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, fcp. 8vo., 1s. 9d.,\n\nEUCLID EXPLAINED.--The First Book of Euclid Explained to Beginners. By\nC. P. MASON, B.A., Fellow of University College, and Principal of Denmark\nHill Grammar School.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nYOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.\n\nJust published, crown 8vo., 1s. sewed, 1s. 6d. cloth,\n\nBUSINESS AS IT IS AND AS IT MIGHT BE. By JOSEPH LYNDALL.\n\nThis work obtained the prize of fifty guineas offered by the Young Men's\nChristian Association for the best Essay on the Evils of the Present System\nof Business, and the Difficulties they present to the Attainment and\nDevelopment of Personal Piety, with Suggestions for their Removal.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSecond Edition, 500 Woodcuts, 2l. 2s.,\n\nDR. WM. SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES. By various\nWriters. Medium 8vo.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n500 Woodcuts, 3 vols. medium 8vo., 5l. 15s. 6d.,\n\nDR. WM. SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN BIOGRAPHY AND MYTHOLOGY. By\nvarious Writers.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMR. QUAIN'S NEW WORK.\n\nNow ready, crown 8vo., with coloured Plates, 7s. 6d., cloth,\n\nDISEASES OF THE RECTUM. By RICHARD QUAIN, F.R.S., Professor of Clinical\nSurgery in University College, and Surgeon to University College Hospital.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOMPLETION OF THE FIRST VOLUME OF DR. SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY.\n\nJust completed, Volume I., price 1l. 16s., cloth, lettered,\n\nA DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY. By Various Writers. Edited by\nDR. WILLIAM SMITH. Illustrated by numerous Engravings on Wood. To form two\nvolumes. 8vo.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane; and JOHN\nMURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nITALIAN LANGUAGE.\n\nJust published, royal 18mo., price 3s. 6d. cloth,\n\nFIRST ITALIAN COURSE; being a Practical and Easy Method of Learning the\nElements of the Italian Language. By W. BROWNRIGG SMITH, M.A., Second\nClassical Master of the City of London Schools.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCheap Issue.--Fourth Edition.\n\nBOOK OF GENESIS IN ENGLISH HEBREW; accompanied by an Interlinear\nTranslation, substantially the same as the authorised English version:\nPhilological Notes and Grammatical Introduction. By W. GREENFIELD, M.R.A.S.\n8vo., 4s. 6d., cloth. With the original Text in Hebrew Characters at the\nend. 8vo., 6s. 6d., cloth.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNIEBUHR'S NEW LECTURES.\n\nJust published, 2 vols. 8vo., 1l. 1s.\n\nNIEBUHR'S LECTURES on ANCIENT ETHNOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY; comprising Greece\nand her Colonies, Italy, the Islands of the Mediterranean, Spain, Gaul,\nBritain, Northern Africa, and Phoenicia. By DR. LEONHARD SCHMITZ, Rector of\nthe High School of Edinburgh.\n\n  By the same Author,\n\nNiebuhr's Lectures on Ancient History: the Asiatic Nations, the Egyptians,\nGreeks, Carthaginians, and Macedonians. By Dr. L. Schmitz. 3 vols. 8vo.,\n1l. 11s. 6d.\n\nNiebuhr's Lectures on Roman History. By Leonhard Schmitz, Ph.D. New and\nCheaper Edition. 3 vols. 8vo., 24s.\n\nNiebuhr's History of Rome. By Bishop Thirlwall, Archdeacon Hare, Dr. W.\nSmith, and Dr. Schmitz. Fourth and cheaper edition, 3 vols., 8vo., 36s.\n\nLondon: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n*** MESSRS. W. & M.'S CATALOGUE will be sent by Post (Free) to any one\nwriting for it.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish\nof St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.\nBride, in the City of London: and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.\nFleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of\nLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 1.\n1854.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCorrections made to printed original.\n\npage 296, \"a few parallel passages\": 'paralled' in original.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 231, April 1, 1854: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":23035}