{"collection":"philosophy-ethics","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_28396/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_28396","id":"gutenberg_28396","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28396","summary":null,"tags":["Category: German Literature","Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Philosophy & Ethics","Category: Politics","National characteristics, German"],"text":"Produced by Jeannie Howse, Juliet Sutherland and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net\n\n\n\n\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    +-----------------------------------------------------------+\n    | Transcriber's Note:                                       |\n    |                                                           |\n    | Inconsistent hyphenation in the original document has     |\n    | been preserved.                                           |\n    |                                                           |\n    | Bold text in this e-text is marked =like so=.             |\n    |                                                           |\n    +-----------------------------------------------------------+\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\nGEMS (?) OF\nGERMAN THOUGHT\n\n\nCOMPILED BY\nWILLIAM ARCHER\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nGARDEN CITY   NEW YORK\nDOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY\n1917\n\n\n\n\n_Copyright, 1917, by_\nDOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY\n\n_All rights reserved, including that of\ntranslation into foreign languages,\nincluding the Scandinavian_\n\n\n\n\nTHOR'S HAMMER-CAST\n\n\n    Thor stood at the midnight end of the world,\n      His battle-mace flew from his hand:\n    \"So far as my clangorous hammer I've hurled\n      Mine are the sea and the land!\"\n    And onward hurtled the mighty sledge\n      O'er the wide, wide earth, to fall\n    At last on the Southland's furthest edge\n      In token that His was all.\n    Since then 'tis the joyous German right\n      With the hammer lands to win.\n    We mean to inherit world-wide might\n         As the Hammer-God's kith and kin.\n\n                                FELIX DAHN (1878).\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS\n\n\n                                                             PAGE\n\nINTRODUCTION                                                    3\n\nI\n\n\"DEUTSCHLAND UeBER ALLES\"                                       31\n  German Humility                                              31\n  The Gentle German                                            49\n  The Great Misunderstood                                      55\n  Kultur                                                       57\n  Der deutsche Gott                                            69\n  The Chosen People and its Mission                            78\n  \"Other Peoples\"                                              84\n  Christ                                                       88\n  Die deutsche Wahrheit                                        94\n  German Insight and Foresight                                 98\n  German Freedom                                              100\n  The German Language                                         101\n\n\nII\n\nGERMAN AMBITIONS                                              107\n  Expansion in Europe                                         107\n  Expansion beyond Europe                                     118\n  Weltmacht                                                   122\n\n\nIII\n\nWAR-WORSHIP                                                   133\n  The Lust of Battle                                          133\n  War and Religion                                            135\n  War and Ethics                                              137\n  War and Biology                                             140\n  War and Kultur                                              143\n  Blood and Iron                                              145\n  War Necessary to Germany                                    149\n  War Need not be Defensive                                   153\n  Contempt for Peace                                          154\n  Militarism Exultant                                         159\n\n\nIV\n\nRUTHLESSNESS                                                  169\n\n\nV\n\nMACHIAVELISM                                                  185\n  Mendacity and Faithlessness                                 185\n  Might is Right                                              194\n\n\nVI\n\nENGLAND, FRANCE, AND BELGIUM--ESPECIALLY ENGLAND              199\n  The False Islanders                                         199\n  Hymns of Hate                                               201\n  British Vices--Hypocrisy, Envy, and Greed                   208\n  British Vices--Cowardice and Laziness                       215\n  Treachery to Germanism                                      218\n  Sir Edward Grey and his Colleagues                          220\n  Britain's Great Illusion                                    223\n  Comic Relief                                                228\n  France                                                      233\n  Belgium                                                     235\n\nIndex of Books and Pamphlets from which quotations are made   243\n\nIndex of Authors                                              255\n\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nIn accordance with classic precedent, this anthology ought to have\nconsisted of \"1,001 Gems of German Thought,\" I have been content with\nhalf that number, not--heaven knows!--for any lack of material, but\nsimply for lack of time and energy to make the ingathering. After all,\nenough is as good as a feast, and I think that the evidence as to the\ndominant characteristics of German mentality is tolerably complete as\nit stands.\n\nThough I hope it is fairly representative, the collection does not\npretend to be systematic. I have cast no sweeping drag-net, but have\nsimply dipped almost at random into the wide ocean of German thought.\nSome of my most precious \"finds\" I have come upon by pure chance; and\nby pure chance, too, I have no doubt missed many others. Some books\nthat I should have liked to examine have not been accessible to me;\nand there must be many of which I have never heard. On the other hand,\nthe list of books from which my gems have been selected by no means\nindicates the extent of my reading--or skimming. I have gone through\nmany books and pamphlets which furnished no quotable extracts, but\nnone that diverged in tone from the rest, or marred the majestic\nunison of German self-laudation and contempt for the rest of the\nworld. I have read of (but not seen) a book by one F.W. Foerster which\nis said to contain a protest against theoretic war-worship, and even a\nmild defence of England. How very mild it is we may judge from this\nsentence: \"England has given us not only men like Lord Grey,\nscoundrels and hypocrites, who have this war upon their conscience; it\nhas also given us the Salvation Army,\" etc., etc.\n\nOne voice the reader may be surprised to miss from the great\nchorus--the voice of William the Second. He is unrepresented--save in\none passing remark (No. 136)--for two reasons. In the first place,\nhis most striking utterance--the injunction to his soldiers to emulate\nthe Huns of Attila--though almost certainly genuine, is not official,\nand could not be quoted without discussion.[1] In the second place, to\nconfess the truth, I shrank from the intolerable monotony of reading\nhis Majesty's speeches--that endless array of platitudes in full\nuniform--on the chance of discovering one or two quotable gems.\n\nPractically all my quotations are taken from books and pamphlets. The\nsole exceptions are a few extracts from pre-war newspapers, cited in\nNippold's \"Der deutsche Chauvinismus.\" It would have been an endless\nand unprofitable task to garner up the extravagances of German\nnewspapers since the outbreak of the war; not to mention that a German\nanthologist could probably make a pretty effective retort by going\nthrough the files of the British war press.\n\nIs my anthology as it stands open to a telling _tu quoque_ by means of\na selection of gems from British books and pamphlets of the type of\nthose from which I have made my gleanings? Is it a case of the mote\nand the beam? I think we may be pretty confident that it is not. I\ndoubt whether the literature of the world can show a parallel to the\namazing outburst of tribal arrogance, unrestrained and unashamed, of\nwhich these pages contain but a few scattered specimens. In the\nextracts from literature \"Before the War\" (which have always been kept\napart from those which date from \"After July, 1914\"), the reader may\nsee this habit of mind growing and gathering strength: the declaration\nof war opens the floodgates, and the torrent rushes forth, grandiose,\noverwhelming, and, I believe, unique. I know of only one English book\nin which the German taste and temper is emulated. It is certainly a\ndeplorable production; but it is the work of a wholly unknown man,\nwhereas many of the most incredible utterances in the following pages\nproceed from men of world-wide reputation. Indeed, few contemporary\nGerman names of much distinction are absent from my list.\nWilamowitz-Moellendorf, Harnack, Wundt, Oncken, Eucken, Haeckel,\nNaumann, Rohrbach, Sombart, Liszt, all join with a will in the chorus\nof arrogance, ambition, and hate. Many quotations come from a series\nof pamphlets called _Deutsche Reden in schwerer Zeit_, to which all\nthe most eminent professors of Berlin University have contributed,\nwith some from other universities. I have also, no doubt, culled\npassages from a good many nobodies and busybodies; but when the\nnobodies and the somebodies are found to echo and re-echo each other,\nthe inference is that the general tone of the public mind is very\nfairly represented. It will be noted that many of the wildest shrieks\nof self-glorification and ferocity proceed from clerics and\ntheologians.\n\nThe world as a whole has been curiously blind to the inordinate\nself-valuation characteristic of the German spirit. So long ago as the\nbeginning of last century, we find Fichte assuring his countrymen\nthat: \"There are no two ways about it: if you founder, the whole of\nhumanity founders with you, without hope of any possible restoration.\"\nEven Heine, in the preface to \"Deutschland\" (1844) could write\nhalf-jestingly that \"if only the Germans would out-soar the French in\ndeeds, as they already had in thought,\" and if they would carry out in\ntheir spiritual and political life some rather vaguely indicated\nreforms, \"not only Alsace and Lorraine, but all France, all Europe,\nthe whole world, would become German.\" \"I often dream,\" he adds, \"of\nthis mission, this universal dominance of Germany.\" Of course we are\nnot to write Heine down a Pan-German of the modern, realistic type.\nThere is more than a dash of irony in this passage--he obviously\nimplies that there is very little chance of Germany fulfilling the\nconditions that he lays down as indispensable to her world-domination.\nNevertheless, there is a sinister significance in the fact that a\nspirit like his should be found dallying for a moment with dreams of\nworld-supremacy. It was, of course, the war of 1870, with its\nresounding triumphs, that brought these visions, so to speak, within\nthe range of practical politics. For fifteen or twenty years, Germany\nwas, as Bismarck said, \"sated\"; but with the coming of the youthful,\npushful, self-assertive Kaiser, her aggressive instincts re-awakened\nand she fell to brooding over the idea that her incomparable physical\nand spiritual energies were cabin'd, cribb'd, confined. The rapid\ngrowth of her population reinforced this idea, and the increase of her\nwealth, as was natural, only made her greedy for more. The result was\nthat she gave her soul over in fatal earnest to an ambitious and\ngrasping tribalism to which she was, from of old, only too prone. The\nPan-Germans were the Uhlans, the stormy petrels, of the movement; but\nthe whole mind of the nation was in reality carried away by it, save\nfor a very small section which was conscious of its dangers and feebly\nprotested. The egoism of which she was constantly accusing other\nnations, ran riot in her own breast, was elevated into a political\nvirtue, and expressed itself on the spiritual side in a towering\nracial vanity. The word \"deutsch,\" always a word of magical\nproperties, became the synonym of an unapproachable superiority in\nevery walk of life[2]--a superiority that sanctified aggression and\nmade domination a duty. In many minds, no doubt, these sentiments wore\na decent mask; but the moment war broke out, the mask dropped off,\nwith the amazing results very imperfectly mirrored in the following\npages.\n\nBut self-worship and the craving for aggrandizement are in reality\nvery uninspiring emotions. The thing that has most deeply impressed me\nin my searching of the German war-scriptures is the extraordinary\naridity of spirit that pervades them. A literature more unidea'd (to\nuse Johnson's word), more devoid of original thought, or grace, or\ncharm, or atmosphere, it would be hard to conceive. There are, of\ncourse, some inequalities. One or two writers seem (to the foreign\nreader) to have a certain dignity of style which is lacking in the\ncommon herd. But in the very best there is little that gives one even\nliterary pleasure, and nothing that shows any depth of humanity, any\ngenerous feeling, any openness of outlook. Even a happy phrase is so\nrare that, when it does occur, one treasures it. I find, for instance,\nin a little book by Friedrich Meinecke, a distinction between\n\"politics of ideas and politics of interests\" that is happily put and\nworth remembering. Again, Professor v. Harnack re-states the principle\nthat \"he's the best cosmopolite who loves his native country best\" in\na rather ingenious way: \"There is no such thing as fruit,\" he says,\n\"there are only apples, pears, etc. If we want to be good fruit, we\nmust be a good apple or a good pear.\" These are small scintillations,\nbut the toiler through German pamphlet literature is truly grateful\nfor them.\n\nFor the rest, when you have read three or four of these pamphlets, you\nhave read all. The writers seem to be working a sort of Imperial\nGerman treadmill, stepping dutifully from plank to plank of patriotic\ndogma in a pre-arranged rotation. The topics are few and\never-recurrent--\"dieser uns aufgezwungene Krieg\" (this war which has\nbeen forced upon us), the glorious uprising of Germany at its\noutbreak, the miracle of mobilization, the Russian knout, French\nfrivolity, the base betrayal of Germany by envious, hypocritical\nEngland, the immeasurable superiority of German Kultur and Technik,\nthe saintly virtues of the German soldier, and so on, through the\nappointed litany. There is even a set of obligatory quotations which\nvery few have the strength of mind to resist. By far the most popular\nis Geibel's couplet:\n\n    Und es mag am deutschen Wesen\n    Einmal noch die Welt genesen.\n\n(And the world may once more be healed by the German nature, or\ncharacter.) It came into vogue before the war. The Kaiser struck the\nkeynote of the whole chorus of self-exaltation when he said (August\n31, 1907): \"The German people will be the granite block on which the\ngood God may build and complete His work of Kultur in the world. Then\nwill be fulfilled the word of the poet who said that the world will\none day be healed by the German character.\" In the extracts collected\nin Nippold's \"Der deutsche Chauvinismus\" (a pre-war publication) the\nGeibel couplet appears at least four times--probably oftener. After\nthe outbreak of the war, it is easier to reckon the utterances in\nwhich it does _not_ occur than those in which it does. Next in\npopularity to the \"Wesen--genesen\" catchword comes the Kaiser's\nbrilliant saying, \"I no longer know of any parties--I know only German\nbrothers.\" He is no good German who does not quote this with reverent\nadmiration. Then come four or five others which are about equally in\nrequest: Bismarck's \"We Germans fear God, and nothing else in the\nworld\"; \"the old _furor Teutonicus_\"; \"_oderint dum metuant_\";\nArndt's\n\n    Der Gott der Eisen wachsen liess,\n    Der wollte keine Knechte--\n\n(The God who made the iron grow meant none to be a bondman); and,\nfinally,\n\n    Und wenn die Welt voll Teufel waer',\n    Es soll uns doch gelingen--\n\n(And though the world were full of devils, we should succeed in spite\nof them.) Even a scholar of the distinction of Ulrich v.\nWilamowitz-Moellendorf, though he avoids the Geibel tag, ends one of\nhis orations by quoting \"Deutschland ueber Alles.\" Imagine Sir Walter\nRaleigh or Prof. Gilbert Murray winding up an address with a selection\nfrom \"Rule, Britannia\"!\n\nOne English quotation occurs as often as any, except the ubiquitous\n\"Wesen-genesen.\" It is \"My country, right or wrong,\" invariably quoted\nin the form, \"Right or wrong, my country.\" This is supposed to be the\nshockingly immoral watchword of British patriotism. It matters nothing\nto the German pamphleteer that the maxim is American, and that it is\nnever quoted in England--nor, I believe, in the country of its\norigin--except in a spirit of irony.\n\nAnd in the face of this deadly uniformity of sentiments, phraseology,\nand quotations, Professor Lasson has the audacity to assure us that\n\"The German is personally independent. He wants to judge for himself.\nIt is not so easy for him as for others blindly to follow this or that\ncatchword!\"\n\nWe are all, I suppose, unconscious of our own foibles, but I wonder\nwhether we are all so apt as the Germans to deny them (and very likely\nattribute them to other people) while in the very act of exemplifying\nthem. For example, it is firmly fixed in the German mind that the\nEnglish consider themselves God's Chosen People, predestined to the\nempire of the world. I have collected numerous instances of this\nallegation (Nos. 453-466), but not a single one which is substantiated\nby a quotation from an English writer. It is, I am convinced,\nimpossible to bring evidence for it, unless some expressions to this\neffect may be found in the writings of persons who believe that the\nEnglish are descended from the lost Ten Tribes--persons who are about\nas representative of the English nation as those who believe that the\nearth is flat. The English mind, indeed, is but little inclined to\nthis primitive form of theism. The German mind, on the other hand, is\ncuriously addicted to it, and I have brought together a number of\ninstances (Nos. 117-135) in which German writers make the very claim\nto Divine calling and election which they falsely attribute to the\nEnglish, and denounce as insanely presumptuous.[3] So, too, with\negoism. The Germans do not actually consider themselves free from\negoism; on the contrary, they are rather given to boasting of it (Nos.\n212, 213, 248, 300); but while it is a virtue in them, it is a very\nrepulsive vice in the English. As for cant, which is, of course, the\ncommonest charge against the English, one can only say that, when the\nGerman gives his mind to it, he proves himself an accomplished master\nof the art (Nos. 47, 55, 79, 89, 94, 104, 237, 423). Here is an\nexample, from a book about Germany by a German-Austrian,[4] which\nscarcely comes within the scope of my anthology, but it is too\ncharacteristic to be lost. \"_If you want_,\" says the writer, in\nitalics, \"_thoroughly to understand the German, you must compare the\nGerman sportsman with the hunters of other countries_. Then a sacred\nthrill (_heiliger Schauer_) of deep understanding will come over your\nheart.\" For the German sportsman \"takes more pleasure in the life that\nsurrounds him and which he _protects_, than in the shot which only the\nlast hot virile craving (_Mannesgier_) wrings from him, and which he\nfires only when he knows that he will _kill_, _painlessly kill_. For\nthis is the root principle of German sportsmanship: 'God grant me one\nday such an end as I strive to bestow upon the game.' ... And if, by\nmischance, the German sportsman wounds without killing a head of game,\nhe suffers with it, and does not sleep or rest till he has put it out\nof its misery.\" If this be not very nauseous cant, where shall we seek\nfor it?\n\nAnother curious German characteristic is the idea that, however\ntruculent and menacing a writer's expressions may be, other people do\nhim and his country a wicked injustice if they take him at his word. A\ngood instance of this occurs in \"Ein starkes Volk--Ein starkes Heer,\"\nby Kurd v. Strantz, published in 1914, shortly before the war. This\nwriter quotes (or rather misquotes) with enthusiasm from Goethe:--\n\n    Du musst steigen und gewinnen,\n    Du musst siegend triumphieren\n    Oder deinend unterliegen,\n    Amboss oder Hammer sein.[5]\n\nNext he proceeds to quote from Felix Dahn:--\n\n    Seitdem ist's freudig Germanenrecht\n    Mit dem Hammer Land zu erwerben.\n    Wir sind von des Hammergottes Geschlecht,\n    Und wollen sein Weltreich erben.[6]\n\nThen, on the same page, only four lines lower down, he remarks\nplaintively:--\"Foreign, and especially French, diplomacy is now\nindustriously spreading the calumny that the German Government and the\nGerman people are given to rattling the sabre, and that we want to use\nfor aggressive ends the increased armament which has been forced upon\nus.\" Is it mere hostile prejudice to hold that his own poetical\nselections give a certain colour to the \"calumny\"?\n\nMost of the German attacks on England will be found, in the last\nanalysis, to rest on this quaint habit of mind--the habit of assuming\nthat, no matter how hostile and threatening Germany's words and deeds\nmight be, we had no right to do her the injustice of supposing that\nshe meant anything by them. We ought to have known that she was merely\n\"dissembling her love.\"\n\nSome readers may be disposed to regret that the great Germanic\ntrinity, Nietzsche-Treitschke-Bernhardi, contribute so largely to my\nanthology. In the first place, it may be said, we are tired of their\nnames; in the second place, Germans deny that they have had anything\nlike the influence we attribute to them. There is a certain validity\nin the first of these objections. The constant recurrence of these\nthree names is certainly a little tedious. They are like a\nthree-headed Charles I--or a triplicate Geibel. I would gladly have\nomitted them had it been by any means possible. But one might as well\ncompile an Old Testament anthology and omit Isaiah, Jeremiah, and\nEzekiel. For, whatever the Germans may say, they are the major\nprophets of the new-German spirit. Treitschke is the prophet of\ntribalism, Nietzsche of ruthlessness, Bernhardi of ambition. It is\nabsurd to say that they are not influential. Treitschke may have\nfallen somewhat out of fashion in the years immediately preceding the\nwar, but his spirit had permeated the political thought of a whole\ngeneration. To the living influence of Nietzsche there is a host of\nwitnesses. Gerhart Hauptmann, near the beginning of the war, averred\nthat the cultured German soldier carried \"Zarathustra,\" along with\n\"Faust\" and the Bible, in his knapsack. Nor was this an idle guess.\nProfessor Deissmann, of Berlin, tells us that he enquired into the\nmatter, and learned from book-sellers that the books most in demand\namong soldiers were the New Testament, \"Faust\" and \"Zarathustra.\"\nO.A.H. Schmitz, in \"Das wirkliche Deutschland,\" says of the German\nyouth born in the 'seventies and early 'eighties that Nietzsche was\n\"the lighthouse toward which their enthusiasm was directed.\" Prof.\nWilhelm Bousset, of Goettingen, writes: \"There is among us much unripe,\nunclear Nietzsche enthusiasm: many a German ass has thrown the lion's\nskin of the great man round his shoulders, and thinks he has thereby\nbecome a philosopher and prophet.\" Such testimonies could be\nmultiplied indefinitely. There is no question that Nietzsche has been\nby far the greatest single force among the spiritual shapers of\nnew-Germany. It may be true that he did not intend his \"immoralism\" to\nbe read literally as a guide to conduct--it may be true that, in some\nof his most characteristic passages, he knew himself to be talking\nreckless and dangerous nonsense (that was his way of \"living\ndangerously\")--but can we reasonably suppose that soldiers in a\n\"conquered\" country, soldiers full of the belief that any opposition\nto Germanism was in itself a crime (see No. 344), paused to look\nbeneath his surface eulogies of murder and lust for some esoteric\nmeaning that may possibly underlie them? Can it be a mere coincidence\nthat, in the first war which Germany has waged since Nietzsche entered\nupon his apostolate of ruthlessness, the German armies should have\nbeen animated, to all appearance, by a literal interpretation of his\n\"beast of prey\" ideal?\n\nAs for Bernhardi, whom some German writers profess never to have heard\nof until we began to talk about him in England, one can only say that\nhe is an ex-member of the Great General Staff, and is probably a\npretty faithful interpreter of the ideas prevalent in that not\nun-influential organization. Moreover, his \"Germany and the Next War,\"\nwhich appeared in the spring of 1912, ran through five editions at 6\nmarks before that year was out, and was then republished in a cheap\nand somewhat condensed popular edition under the title of \"Our\nFuture.\" Reviewing this edition, _Die Post_ says that, in its original\nform, the book \"was received with the most serious attention in\npolitical and especially in military circles,\" and adds that this\ncheaper reprint \"_must_ now become a book for the people.\"\n\nIt is an error, however, to suppose that a writer's importance is to\nbe measured solely by the influence he can be shown to have exerted. A\nbook or pamphlet may have had little or no active influence, and may\nyet be a very illuminating symptom of the national frame of mind.\nEvery book must be an effect before it can become a cause. That\nTreitschke, Nietzsche, and Bernhardi have been very efficient causes I\nsee no reason to doubt; but at any rate they are immensely significant\neffects of the psychological conditions of which I am here gathering\nup some random evidences.\n\nIt was a more difficult question to decide whether the lucubrations of\nHerr Houston Stewart Chamberlain came within my scope. Yet I had\nlittle hesitation in including him. The fact that he is by birth an\nEnglishman does not make him any the less a characteristic and\nrecognized mouthpiece of the new-German spirit. It may be objected\nthat he caricatures it, that he is more German than the Germans. That,\nin the first place, is impossible; in the second place, while we have\nmany evidences that Germans, from the Kaiser downward, set a high\nvalue on Herr Chamberlain's writings, we hear little or nothing of any\nprotest against them as misrepresentations of \"Deutschtum.\" Shall I be\nsuspected of a quaint perversity of national prejudice if I say that\nHerr Chamberlain's war pamphlets are distinctly better reading than\nthe great majority of their kind? They are much more individual, much\nless stereotyped and monotonous. One finds in them an occasional idea\nthat is not the common property of every man in the street. It is\ngenerally (not always) a more or less crazy idea, but one hails it as\nan oasis in the desert of blusterous commonplace.\n\nThe arrangement of my little jewel-heap was more difficult, if less\nlaborious, than the ingathering. Many of my extracts, perhaps most,\nmight with equal appropriateness have been ranged under any one of\nthree or four rubrics. Thus my classification is at best rough and, to\nsome extent, arbitrary. There is, however, a certain reason in the\nsequence of headings. The first section, \"Deutschland ueber Alles,\"\nrepresents the \"badge of all the tribe\"--the characteristic which lies\nat the root of the whole mischief--Germany's colossal self-glorification,\nself-adoration. If there is anything like it in history, it is unknown\nto me. Other nations may have been as vain, but, not having the\nprinting-press so readily at command, they gave their vanity less\nexuberant expression. Besides, they may have had a sense of humour. The\nmanifestations of this foible (if a thing of such tragic consequences\ncan be called by such a name) fall under certain sub-headings. It was\nclear, for instance, that the vauntings of German Kultur must have a\ncompartment to themselves--likewise the assertions of a special\nrelation to God, the claims to the status of a Chosen People, and the\ncomparisons, direct and indirect, between Germany and Christ. Having\nestablished, by means of a cloud of witnesses, the ruling passion of\nthe national mind, I present in the following section proofs of the\n\"Ambitions\" in which this megalomania finds its natural utterance. In\nthe sections, \"War-Worship,\" \"Ruthlessness\" and \"Machiavelism,\" are\ngrouped evidences of the methods of force and fraud by which it was\nhoped that these ambitions were to be realized. Then, in a final\nsection, I have assembled evidences of the inevitable corollary to\nmorbid self-adoration--the boundless and almost equally unprecedented\ncontempt and loathing for all adversaries, but especially for England.\n\nThe great majority of my quotations are taken direct from the original\nsources, the references being exactly given. I was scrupulous on this\npoint, not only that the reader might be able to test the accuracy and\nfairness[7] of my work, but because I hoped that some one, some day,\nmight be moved to republish the anthology in the original German. One\ncannot but think that, when the war-frenzy is over, a brief retrospect\nof its extravagances may be salutary for the German spirit. In a\ncertain number of cases, however, I have not been able to give exact\nreferences, because the originals have not been accessible to me. This\napplies to my selections from three previous volumes of selections:\nNippold's \"Der Deutsche Chauvinismus,\" Andler's \"Collection de\ndocuments sur le Pangermanisme,\" and Bang's \"Hurrah and Halleluiah.\"\nAndler's excellent and scholarly method has, however, enabled me to\n\"place\" quotations from his collection to within a page or two. Thus,\nif some very Pan-German utterance does not occur on the precise page I\nhave indicated, it will certainly be found on the preceding or on the\nfollowing page.\n\nItalics in my text always represent italics, or, rather, spaced type,\nin the original; but Germans are very lavish in their use of spaced\ntype, and I have not always thought it necessary to reproduce this\npeculiarity. Points of exclamation, unless enclosed in square\nbrackets, are the author's, not mine. I have almost always resisted\nthe temptation to employ typographical devices to enhance the lustre\nof individual gems. In the Index of Authors I have added to many names\na brief note which will enable the reader to estimate the position of\nthe different writers in the public life of Germany.\n\nIn bringing together my material, I have found valuable help in many\nquarters. I should like especially to acknowledge my deep obligation\nto Mr. Alexander Gray for manifold aid and suggestion.\n\n                                              W.A.\n\n_6th December, 1916._\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[1] On the other hand, the almost equally remarkable warning to\nrecruits that they must be ready to shoot down their nearest and\ndearest at the All-Highest command, is undoubtedly authentic.\n\n[2] In a pamphlet by Professor A. Lasson, entitled _Deutsche Art und\ndeutsche Bildung_, the adjective \"deutsch\" occurs 256 times in 42\npages--sometimes 13 times in one page, often 10 or 11 times--and\nalways, of course, with a sort of unctuous implication that human\nlanguage contains no higher term of eulogy. This enumeration does not\ninclude the constantly recurring \"deutsch\" in \"Deutschland,\" nor the\nfrequently repeated \"germanisch\" and \"teutonisch.\"\n\n[3] It may, of course, be possible to find many passages in which\nEnglish writers say that, as a matter of history, God, or Heaven, or\nProvidence, has given the British race great possessions throughout the\nworld--a fact which the Germans are the first to admit and resent. But\nthis is totally different from claiming a Divine mission to rule, or to\ncivilize, or to \"heal\" the world.\n\n[4] \"Das Deutsche Volk in schwerer Zeit,\" by R.H. Bartsch, p. 118.\n\n[5] Thou must mount and win, thou must triumph in victory or else sink\ninto subjection--thou must be either anvil or hammer.\n\n[6] Since then 'tis the joyous German right with the hammer to win\nland. We are of the race of the Hammer-God, and mean to inherit his\nworld-empire. [This poem appeared in 1878, was reprinted by the author\nin 1900, in a selection from his own works, and is quoted in \"Deutsche\nGeschichte in Liedern,\" Vol I., p. 10. The last two lines form the\nmotto of Otto Richard Tannenberg's _Gross-Deutschland: die Arbeit des\n20 Jahrhunerts_.]\n\n[7] It will be found by any one who puts the matter to the test that in\nno case is there any unfairness in taking these brief extracts out of\ntheir context. The context is almost always an aggravating rather than\nan extenuating circumstance.\n\n\n\n\nI\n\n\"DEUTSCHLAND UeBER ALLES\"\n\n\n\n\nI\n\n\"DEUTSCHLAND UeBER ALLES\"\n\n=German Humility.=\n\n(BEFORE THE WAR.)\n\n\n1. No people ever attains to national consciousness without\nover-rating itself. The Germans are always in danger of enervating\ntheir nationality through possessing too little of this rugged\npride.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 19.\n\n_For further testimonies to German humility see Nos. 17, 20, 23, 36,\n51, 106, 122, 206, 206b, 394._\n\n2. The German people must rise as a master-folk above the inferior\npeoples of Europe and the primitive peoples of the colonies.--G.U.M.,\np. 8.\n\n2a. The German people is always right, because it is the German\npeople, and numbers 87 million souls.--O.R. TANNENBERG, G.D., p. 231.\n\n3. The French, under Napoleon, wanted to sacrifice the whole world to\ntheir insatiable thirst for glory, and the English treat every barrier\nopposed to their hunger for exploitation as a challenge to their\nsuperiority. Great is the gulf that separates these cupidities from\nthe hitherto unrivalled moral elevation of the sense of honour in the\nGerman people.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 220 (1901).\n\n_Compare Section V., \"Machiavelism.\"_\n\n4. My soul is heavy when I see the many enemies surrounding\nGermany.... And my thoughts fly forward into the far future, and ask,\n\"Will there ever be a time when there is no more Germany?\" ... How\npoor and empty would the rich world then become! Then all men would\nask themselves, \"How comes it that the peoples no longer understand\neach other? Whither has that great, serene power departed, that\nbrought near the souls of the peoples, each to each? Who has shattered\nthe marvellous mirror from which the countenance of the world was\nthoughtfully reflected?\" Then they would strike their heads and their\nbreasts in despair, crying: \"We have criminally robbed ourselves of\nour wealth! The world, the great, rich world, has grown waste, poor,\nand empty: the world has no longer a soul, she has no longer a\nGermany!\"--E. v. WILDENBRUCH (1889), quoted in D.R.S.Z., No. 12.\n\n5. The proud conviction forces itself upon us with irresistible power\nthat a high, if not the highest, importance for the entire development\nof the human race is ascribable to this German people.--GENERAL v.\nBERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 72.\n\n6. The German is a hero born, and believes that he can hack and hew\nhis way through life.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 230.\n\n7. We are still child-like in our inmost feelings, innocent in our\npleasures, simple in our inclinations, in spite of individual\naberrations; we are still prolific, and our race multiplies, so that\nour own soil has long been insufficient to support us all. It is\ntherefore doubly imperative for us to remain heroes, for who knows\nwhether the Germanic migrations are destined to remain isolated\nphenomena in history! The peoples around us are either overripe fruits\nwhich the next storm may bring to the ground, such as the Turks,\nGreeks, Spaniards, Portuguese, and a great part of the Slavs; or they\nare, indeed, proud of their race, but senile and artificial in their\nKultur, slow in their increase and boundless in their ambition, like\nthe French; or, confident in the unassailability of their country,\nlike the English and the Americans, they have forgotten justice and\nmade their selfishness the measure of all things. Who knows whether we\nGermans are not the rod predestined for the chastening of these\ndegeneracies, who knows whether we may not again, like our fathers in\ndim antiquity, have to gird on our swords and go forth to seek\ndwelling-places for our increase?--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 159 (1893).\n\n8. We are distinguished from other nations by our honourable love for\noutspoken convictions, which would make a cut-and-dried party system\ndistasteful to us.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 148.\n\n9. The surest means of serving the ends of humanity is to work at the\nelaboration of our national personality, and to develop the full\nstrength of its crystalline radiance.--F. BLEY, W.D.D., p. 23.\n\n10. We have forced ourselves, though the last-comers, the virtual\nupstarts, between the States which have earlier gained their place, and\nnow claim our share in the dominion of the world, after we have for\ncenturies been paramount only in the realm of the intellect.--GENERAL\nv. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 13.\n\n11. Why must teachers and schoolboys, year out, year in, worry about\nthe old Greeks and Romans? To foster idealism in the young, we are\ntold! But for that there is no need to go to Rome and Athens. Our\nGerman history offers us ideals enough, and is richer in deeds of\nheroism than Rome and Athens put together.--GENERAL KEIM, at meeting\nof the German Defence League, Cassel, Feb., 1913; NIPPOLD, D.C., p.\n82.\n\n12. History teaches us that supreme treasure of humanity, German\nidealism, can be preserved only in the stout bark of national\ndevelopment.--F. BLEY, W.D.D., p. 23.\n\n_On Idealism, see also Nos. 45, 276, 442, 464._\n\n13. A war fought and lost would destroy our laboriously gained\npolitical importance ... would shake the influence of German thought\nin the civilized world, and thus check the general progress of mankind\nin its healthy development, for which a flourishing Germany is the\nessential condition. Our next war will be fought for the highest\ninterests of our country and of mankind. This will invest it with\nimportance in the world's history. \"World-power or downfall!\" will be\nour rallying-cry.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 154.\n\n14. In our German people, peaceful dispositions and war-like prowess\nare so happily mixed that in this respect no other people on the\nearth can rival us, and none seems so clearly predestined to light\nhumanity on the way to true progress.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 158 (1893).\n\n15. The Latin has no feeling for the beauty of a forest; when he takes\nhis repose in it he lies upon his stomach, while we rest upon our\nbacks.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 206.\n\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n16. If we compare our time with the great eras of our fathers, we are\nperfectly capable of a sober self-criticism. We have no use for\nillusions and self-deceptions on the way to our indispensable\nvictory.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.D.E., p. 10.\n\n17. Where in the whole world can a people be found who have such cause\nfor manly pride as we? But we are equally far removed from presumption\nand from arrogance.--\"War Devotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in\nH.A.H., p. 117.\n\n18. As the German bird, the eagle, hovers high over all the creatures\nof the earth, so also should the German feel that he is raised high\nabove all other nations who surround him, and whom he sees in the\nlimitless depth beneath him.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 143.\n\n19. Germany is our existence, our faith, the meaning and depth of the\nworld.--\"On the German God,\" by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H.,\np. 84.\n\n20. It is not only our enemies who, by their underground intrigues,\nhave sought to divert from us the sympathies of other peoples. If we\nwould speak frankly, we must admit that we ourselves are partly to\nblame in the matter. A great part of the blame is due to our\ninsufficient self-esteem and self-valuation--an inveterate German\nfailing.--PROF. DR. R. JANNASCH, W.D.U.S., p. 22.\n\n21. Germany is the future of humanity.--\"On the German God,\" by PASTOR\nW. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 78.\n\n21a. God defend the noble cause of Deutschtum. There is no other hope\nfor the future of humanity.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, in _Hamburger\nNachrichten_, September, 1914.\n\n21b. We must vanquish, because the downfall of Germanism would mean\nthe downfall of humanity.--\"Six War Sermons,\" by PASTOR K. KOeNIG,\nquoted in H.A.H., p. 99.\n\n22. When the German stands leaning on his mighty sword, clad in steel\nfrom top to toe, whosoever will may, down below, dance round his\nfeet--they may rail at him and throw mud at him, as the\n\"intellectuals\" ... of England, France, Russia and Italy are now\ndoing--in his lofty repose he will not allow himself to be disturbed,\nand will only reflect as did his ancestors. _Oderint dum\nmetuant._--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 131.\n\n23. We will not conceal from ourselves that these victories for which\nour bells ring and our flags wave, and for which we thank our God, may\nbecome a danger to us, should they make us vain and arrogant,\nboastful and indolent! God forbid! We will hold fast to our old\nmodesty, with which we have so often been reproached, and which has\nindeed often enough degenerated into the undervaluing of ourselves and\novervaluing of that which is foreign and despicable.--K. ENGELBRECHT,\nD.D.D.K., p. 53.\n\n24. We must develop, not into \"Europeans,'\" but into ever higher\nGermans.... What sort of a European would be formed by a mixture of\nthe heroic German with the calculating Englishman? If the result was a\nman who thought half calculatingly and half heroically, it would be an\nexaltation for the Englishman, but a degradation for the\nGerman.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 125.\n\n25. If we come victorious out of this war, we shall be the first\npeople on the earth, a rich stream of gold will pour over our land,\nand this greatness, these riches, may be a blessing to us if we always\nremember that true greatness, true riches, lie only in the possession\nof _moral_ advantages, and that to the fact of our possessing such\nadvantages we owe our success.--W. HELM, W.W.S.M., p. 33.\n\n26. Do you not see, Albion, that the German Michel,[8] on whom you\nlooked down with such contempt, is now transformed into the Archangel\nMichael, and, encountering you with his flaming sword, triumphs over\nthe race of the fallen angels and all the offspring of hell.--F.\nDELITZSCH, D.R.S.Z., No. 13, p. 21.\n\n27. We must win, because, if we were defeated, no one in the _whole\nworld_ could any longer cherish any remnant of belief in truth and\nright, in the Good, or, indeed, in any higher Power which wisely and\njustly guides the destinies of humanity.--W. HELM, W.W.S.M., p. 8.\n\n28. Every great artistic achievement of France and Italy since the\ntime of the Romans can be traced to families and classes with a strong\nmixture of German blood, and, especially in earlier times, to the\ndescendants of Germanic stocks, who had kept their blood, or at any\nrate their nature (_Art_) pure.--H.A. SCHMID, D.R.S.Z., No. 25, p. 21.\n\n29. Germany is precisely--who would venture to deny it--the\nrepresentative of the highest morality, of the purest humanity, of the\nmost chastened Christianity. He, therefore, who fights for its\nmaintenance, its victory, fights for the highest blessings of humanity\nitself, and for human progress. Its defeat, its decline, would mean a\nfalling back to the worst barbarism.--\"War Sermons,\" by PASTOR H.\nFRANCKE, quoted in H.A.H., p. 68.\n\n30. No nation in the world can give us anything worth mentioning in\nthe field of science or technology, art or literature, which we would\nhave any trouble in doing without. Let us reflect on the inexhaustible\nwealth of the German character, which contains in itself everything of\nreal value that the Kultur of man can produce.--PROF. W. SOMBART,\nH.U.H., p. 135.\n\n31. We have in Germany the best Press in the world, and are in that\nrespect superior to all other countries.--PROF. A.V. HARNACK,\nW.W.S.G., p. 19.\n\n32. Germany's fight against the whole world is in reality the battle\nof the spirit against the whole world's infamy, falsehood, and\ndevilish cunning.--\"On the German God,\" by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted\nin H.A.H., p. 81.\n\n33. German patriotism strikes its deep roots into the fruitful soil of\na heroic view of the world, and around its crown there gleam the rays\nof the highest spiritual and artistic culture.--PROF. W. SOMBART,\nH.U.H., p. 71.\n\n34. This combination of clearness of purpose and heroic spirit of\nsacrifice was unknown in world-history before August, 1914. Not till\nthen was the new German human being born.... Is this new creation to\nbe the human being of the future?--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 103.\n\n35. Verily it has long been an honour and a joy, a source of renown\nand of happiness, to be a German--the year 1914 has made it a title\nof nobility.--\"War Devotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p.\n133.\n\n36. When Luther, in the domain of religion, characterized as\nunevangelical the conception of merit and reward, and energetically\nbanished the huckster-spirit from religious feeling, he opened to the\nGerman thought the widest possibilities of victory.... A specially\nGermanic way of feeling, a Germanic modesty and distinction of\nthought, was here powerfully promoted by means of the Gospel. True\ndistinction is always modest, in the sense of being unobtrusive and\nnot bragging of deserts!--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 56.\n\n37. Since the great German Renaissance of the new humanism, the\nHellenic has become the truly German.... As the Peloponnesian War\ndivided the States of Hellas into two camps, so this war has divided\nthe States of Europe. But this time it will be Athens and her\nspiritual power that will conquer.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4,\np. 40.\n\n38. After the conclusive victories for which we may confidently hope\n... the whole habitable earth will far more than hitherto bend its\ngaze upon us, to marvel at (_anzustaunen_) our standard-setting\n[artistic] achievements.--G.E. PAZAUREK, P.K.U.K., p. 23.\n\n39. A theory of the origin of species remained in England a series of\nisolated observations, which pointed to certain conjectures; in\nGermany it was transformed with resolute daring into an all-embracing\nwhole. PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 33.\n\n40. Never have ye seen a strong people and Empire in whiter garments\nof peace. We offered you palm branches, we offered you justice, ye\noffered us envy and hate.--J. HORT, quoted in H.A.H., p. 51.\n\n41. Take heed that ye be counted among the blessed, who show declining\nEngland, depraved Belgium, licentious France, uncouth Russia, the\nunconquerable youthful power and manhood of the German people, in a\nmanner never to be forgotten.--\"War Devotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP,\nquoted in H.A.H., p. 131.\n\n42. We may be sure that our French adversaries, when at Metz and St.\nQuentin our hosts hurled themselves upon them, saw above us in the\nclouds the Germans of 1870, and even the Prussians of 1813, once more\nswooping down upon them, and shuddered at the spectacle. And, in spite\nof all the boasting of Sir John [Bull], our cousins from beyond the\nsea must long ago have recognized that it is better to fight _with_\nPrussians against the French, than _vice versa_.--PROF. G. ROETHE,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 1, p. 29.\n\n43. He who, in these days, sets forth to defend the German hearth,\nsets forth in a holy fight ... in which one stakes life itself, this\nsingle, sweet, beloved life, for the life of a whole nation, a nation\nwhich is God's seed-corn for the future.--\"On the German God,\" by\nPASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 78.\n\n44. Our enemies are fighting us in order to restore to the world the\nfreedom, the Kultur, which we threaten. What monstrous mendacity!\nReproduce if you can the German national school teacher, the German\nupper-master, the German university professor! You have lagged far\nbehind us, you are hopelessly inferior! Hence your chagrin, your envy,\nyour fear! Powerless to rival us, you foam with hate and rage, you\nmake unblushing calumny your weapon, and would like to exterminate us,\nto wipe us off the face of the earth, in order to free yourselves from\nyour burden of shame.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 38.\n\n45. We take refuge in our quite peculiar idealism, and dream--alas,\naloud!--of our ideal mission for the saving (_Heil_) of mankind.\nForeign countries turn away enraged from such unheard-of\nself-glorification and are quite certain that, behind the\nhigh-sounding words, the arrogance of \"Prussian militarism\" is\nconcealed.--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., p. 64.\n\n46. The future must lead France once again to our side, we will heal\nit of its aberrations, and, in brotherly subordination to us, it may\nshare with us the task of guiding the fate of the world.... As we feel\nourselves free from hatred toward the kindred Kultur-people of France,\nwe have taken up the gauntlet with Teutonic pride, and we will use our\nweapons so that the admiration of the world, and of our enemies\nthemselves, shall be accorded to us.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 26.\n\n47. When we were attacked, our German wrath awakened, and when we\ncould not but recognize in the attack a long-plotted treason against\nour love of peace, our wrath became fierce and wild. Then, no doubt,\nsome of us spoke, in our first excitement, of hatred; but this was a\nmisinterpretation of our feeling. Seeing ourselves hated, we imagined\nthat hate must be answered with hate; but our German spirit (_Gemuet_)\nwas incapable of that passion. Lienhard rightly ... deplores the form\nof the popular Hymn of Hate against England, which, characteristically\nenough, proceeds from a poet of Jewish race.--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K.,\np. 68.\n\n48. Under the protection of the greatest of armies, we have laboured\nat scientific, social, and economic progress; our enemies trusted to\nthe rule of force and to chatter.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 44.\n\n49. Work as untiringly as we, think with as much energy, and we will\nwelcome you as equals at our side.... Imitate us and we will honour\nyou. Seek to constrain us by war, and we will thrash you to\nannihilation, and despise you as a robber pack.--PROF. A. LASSON,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 38.\n\n\n=The Gentle German.=\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n50. The German Army (in which I of course include the Navy) is to-day\nthe greatest institute for moral education in the world.--H.S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 78.\n\n51. It is true that the breast of every soldier swelled with a noble\npride at the thought that he was privileged to wear the German\nuniform, which history has made a garb of honour above all others; but\nas for arrogance, not one of them, thank God, was capable of the\nstupidity which alone can engender it.--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p.\n32.\n\n52. From all sides testimonies are flowing in as to the noble manner\nin which our troops conduct the war.--\"War Devotions,\" by PASTOR J.\nRUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 124.\n\n52a. We thank our German Army that it has kept spotless the shield of\nhumanity and chivalry. It is true we believe that every bone of a\nGerman soldier, with his heroic heart and immortal soul, is worth more\nthan a cathedral.--PROF. W. KAHL, D.R.S.Z., No. 6, p. 5.\n\n52b. We see everywhere how our soldiers respect the sacred\ndefencelessness of woman and child.--PROF. G. ROETHE, D.R.S.Z., No. 1,\np. 23.\n\n52c. The German soldiers alone are thoroughly disciplined, and have\nnever so much as hurt a hair of a single innocent human being.--H.S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 69.\n\n53. The depth of the German spirit displays itself also in _respect\nfor morality and discipline_.... How often, in these days, has the\nGerman soldier been subjected to the temptation to treat the\ninhabitants of foreign countries with violence and brutality. But\neverywhere he has obeyed the law, and shown that even in war he knows\nhow to distinguish between the enemy to be crushed and defenceless\nwomen and children. The officials and clergy of conquered territory\nhave frequently borne express testimony to this fact.--PASTOR M.\nHENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 57.\n\n54. The losses we suffer are--even if the losses of the enemy were ten\ntimes more numerous--infinitely greater in value and infinitely more\npainful.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 8.\n\n54a. One single highly cultured German warrior, of those who are, alas!\nfalling in thousands, represents a higher intellectual and moral\nlife-value than hundreds of the raw children of nature (_Naturmenschen_)\nwhom England and France, Russia and Italy, oppose to them.--PROF. E.\nHAECKEL, E.W., p. 36.\n\n54b. When one of our ships has to sink, its going-down is even more\nglorious than a victory.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt.\niii., p. 48.\n\n55. Where German soldiers had to seize the incendiary torch, or even\nto proceed to the slaughter of citizens, it was only in pursuance of\nthe rights of war, and for protection in real need. Had they obeyed\nthe dictates of their hearts, they would rather have shared their soup\nand bread with the defenceless foe.... This spirit of humanity we will\npreserve and cherish to the end.--PROF. W. KAHL, D.R.S.Z., No. 6, p.\n5.\n\n56. Lastly, we must not forget the German humour.... It sometimes\nproceeds from a firm faith in God, sometimes from a cheerful optimism,\nalways from a serenity of spirit which nothing can disturb. Thus\nGerman soldiers out in the field, the moment there is a pause in the\nfighting, set about trying to ride on the camel which they have taken\nfrom the Zouaves.... So, too, a non-commissioned officer, during a\nfight, admonishes a soldier: \"Shoot quietly, Kowalski, shoot quietly!\nYou'll frighten away the whole French Army of the North with your\nconfounded banging!\"--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 59.\n\n57. Apart from the fighting quality of these troops, their peaceful\nwork behind all the fronts bears witness to a thorough spiritual\nculture (_Bildung_) and a living organization such as the world has\nnever seen, and this again indicates an average level of culture in\nall grades--of spiritual development and moral responsibility--to\nwhich no people in the world can show anything in the smallest degree\ncomparable.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 19.\n\n58. Even when, for once, a Latin writer is favourably disposed towards\nGermany ... he can see in what moves his admiration nothing but animal\nvitality. \"This terrible Germany,\" he says, \"like a wonderful beast of\nthe jungle, springs upon all its foes and fixes its fangs in them.\"\nHow sadly he here misinterprets the nature of German heroism!--G.\nMISCH, V.G.D.K., p. 9.\n\n59. It is characteristic that our cruiser _Wilhelm der Grosse_, in\norder to spare the women and children on board, let an English\nmerchant ship pass unharmed,[9] which by International Law it has the\nright to sink ... and then come Messieurs the English and repay this\nact of magnanimity by sinking the same cruiser in a neutral harbour,\ncontrary to all International Law.--PROF. G. ROETHE, D.R.S.Z., No. 1,\np. 23.\n\n60. The absence of any sort of animosity towards other people is a\nstriking characteristic of the Germans--and of the Germans\nalone.[10]--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 12.\n\n_See also No. 497._\n\n\n=The Great Misunderstood.=\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n61. It has been said that it is un-German to wish to be only German.\nThat again is a consequence of our spiritual wealth. We understand all\nforeign nations; none of them understands us, and none of them can\nunderstand us.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 135.\n\n62. The historian and economist Sombart has said: \"We understand all\nforeign nations, no foreign nation understands or can understand us.\"\nIn these words he rejects all community of Kultur with other peoples,\nand especially the so-called \"Western European Ideas.\"--O.A.H.\nSCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 124.\n\n63. In the world of the spirit, the victory of German thought seemed\nalready almost decided. For it was able to comprehend the others, but\nthey could not comprehend it.--G. MISCH, V.G.D.K., p. 19.\n\n64. We are still the most wide-hearted and receptive of people, a\npeople that cannot live if it does not make its own the spiritual\nvalues of the other peoples. We can already say that we know the outer\nworld better than they know us.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.D.E., p. 35.\n\n65. Whole-hearted understanding for another people can be fully\nattained only by treason to one's own nature, to one's own national\npersonality. That is what makes the renegade so hateful, and those\nunpatriotic half-men, the intellectuals and aesthetes.--PROF. M. V.\nGRUBER, D.R.S.Z., No. 30, p. 14.\n\n66. The German is docile and eager to learn. His interest embraces\neverything, and most of all what is foreign. He is disposed to admire\neverything foreign and to underrate what is his own. With foreigners\nit is just the other way. We Germans know about them, but they know\nabsolutely nothing about us.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 34.\n\n67. Apart from what Professor Larsen has said in Denmark, and Dr. Gino\nBertolini in Italy, about German militarism ... we may designate as\nnonsense everything that foreigners, in low or in high estate, have\nrecently said on this subject. This is a new proof of the fact that\nforeigners cannot understand us, apart from a few outstanding\npersonalities whom a kind fate has borne aloft to the heights of the\nGerman spirit.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 82.\n\n_See also Nos. 136-145._\n\n\n=Kultur.=\n\n(BEFORE THE WAR.)\n\n68. The _Kultur_ of the Germans [_Germanen_] is actually the stimulus\nto our present European _Civilization_ with which we are conquering\nthe world.--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 31.\n\n69. Germanism, when it rightly understands itself, and remains true to\nits nature, is childlike and manlike, at once tender and strong, full\nof genuinely human simplicity, and therefore of irreplaceable value to\nKultur.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 27 (1890).\n\n70. The champions of the so-called race-idea are clear as to the\nimportance of the Germanic race for our civilization and Kultur....\nTheir meritorious work has converted the dim divinings of instinct\ninto the certainty of knowledge; and yet a sense of oppression steals\nupon us when we think of what still remains to be done (as they all\nagree) against a hostile world in arms, both of the flesh and of the\nspirit--a world of treachery and hypocrisy, of error and of\nfanaticism, of stupidity and of craft.--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 50.\n\n70a. Kultur is best promoted when the strongest individual Kultur,\nthat of a given nation, enlarges its field of activity at the expense\nof the other national Kulturs. If we one day come into conflict with\nthe Martians, then humanity--all the peoples of the earth--will have\ncommon interests: but not until then.--K. WAGNER, K., p. 46.\n\n71. I cannot accept the definition of Kultur which identifies it with\n\"form,\" with the harmonious \"rhythm\" which, in the English, for\nexample, permeates and unifies everything, from the highest spiritual\nlife to clothes, footwear and table manners.... I am of opinion that\nwe shall apply to this care for \"form,\" for \"rhythm,\" and whatever\nresults from it, the name of \"civilization,\" reserving the nobler word\n\"Kultur\" for higher values, and that we should look to our army and\nthe corps of officers to endow us with, and educate us in, these\nhigher values.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 217 (1901).\n\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n72. Our belief is that the salvation of the whole Kultur of Europe\ndepends upon the victory which German \"militarism\" is about to\nachieve.--Manifesto signed by 3,500 \"Hochschullehreren\" (professors\nand lecturers), quoted by PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt.\nii, p. 33.\n\n73. If Fate has selected us to assume the leadership in the\nKultur-life of the peoples, we will not shrink from this great and\nlofty mission.--G.E. PAZAUREK, P.K.U.K., p. 23.\n\n74. At bottom we Germans are fighting for the same thing which the\nGreeks defended against the Persians, the Romans against the\nCarthaginians and Egyptians, the Franks against Islam: namely, the\nchivalrous European way of thinking, which is ever being threatened by\nbrutal force and puling baseness. We stand once more at a watershed of\nKultur.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 119.\n\n75. If we are beaten--which God and our strong arm forbid--all the\nhigher Kultur of our hemisphere, which it was our mission to guard,\nsinks with us into the grave.--PROF. A. v. HARNACK, I.M., 1st October,\n1914, p. 26.\n\n76. That it will be German Kultur that will send forth its rays from\nthe centre of our continent, there can be no possible doubt.--PROF. O.\nv. GIERKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 19.\n\n77. We are indeed entrusted here on earth with a doubly sacred\nmission: not only to protect Kultur ... against the narrow-hearted\nhuckster-spirit of a thoroughly corrupted and inwardly rotten\ncommercialism (_Jobbertum_), but also to impart Kultur in its most\naugust purity, nobility and glory to the whole of humanity, and\nthereby contribute not a little to its salvation.--EIN DEUTSCHER,\nW.K.B.M., p. 40.\n\n78. [Germany has neglected] the highest duty of every Kultur-State--to\ncarry its Kultur into foreign parts, and to win the confidence and\naffection of other peoples.--F. v. LISZT, E.M.S., p. 12.\n\n79. The idea of the exclusive justification of one's own Kultur which\nis innate in the French and English, is foreign to us. But we are\nconscious of the incomparable value of German Kultur, and will for the\nfuture guard it against being adulterated by less valuable imports.\nWe do not force it upon any one, but we believe that its own inner\ngreatness will everywhere procure it the recognition which is its\ndue.--PROF. O. v. GIERKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 25.\n\n80. The more German Kultur remains faithful to itself, the better will\nit be able to enlighten the understanding of the foreign races\nabsorbed, incorporated into the Empire, and to make them see that only\nfrom German Kultur can they derive those treasures which they need for\nthe fertilizing of their own particular life.--PROF. O. V. GIERKE,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 19.\n\n81. We will not in the future let foreign idols be forced upon us, but\nwill serve our own Gods.--PROF. RUDOLF EUCKEN, I.M., 1st October,\n1914, p. 74.\n\n82. Germanism was for several decades, in spite of the mighty and\nover-towering height of its Kultur, hindered in the imparting of this\nKultur to other nations. In the first years after the war [of 1870]\nthis was not painfully felt, as a powerful _exchange of Kultur_ was\nstill in progress between different parts of the German Empire.... But\nwhen this exchange of Kultur between the German stocks had run its\ncourse, and the Germanization of the frontier districts [Poland,\nAlsace] had reached its limit, then the spiritual need of the German\nvictor and conqueror began to make itself felt. He became a teacher\nwithout scholars, he had no longer an audience.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p.\n11.\n\n_See also No. 235a._\n\n83. Our German Kultur has, in its unique depth, something shrinking\nand severe (_Sproedes und Herbes_), it does not obtrude itself, or\nreadily yield itself up; it must be earnestly sought after and\nlovingly assimilated from within. This love[11] was lacking in our\nneighbours; wherefore they easily came to look upon us with the eyes\nof hatred.--PROF. R. EUCKEN, I.M., 1st October, 1914, p. 74.\n\n84. And the graves which border the path to glory of the Romans, the\nGermans, the British and the French, the stench of robbery, plunder\nand theft which hangs around these millions of graves? Must Kultur\nrear its domes over mountains of corpses, oceans of tears, and the\ndeath-rattle of the conquered? YES, IT MUST! [There follows an image\ntoo grotesquely indecent to be quoted.] Either one denies altogether\nthe beneficent effect of Kultur upon humanity, and confesses oneself\nan Arcadian dreamer, or one allows to one's people the right of\ndomination--in which case the might of the conqueror is the highest\nlaw of morality, before which the conquered must bow. _Vae\nvictis!_--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 10.\n\n85. The whole of European Kultur ... is brought to a focus on this\nGerman soil and in the hearts of the German people. It would be\nfoolish to express oneself on this point with modesty and reserve. We\nGermans represent the latest and the highest achievement of European\nKultur.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 13.\n\n86. The Kultur-mission of a people is fulfilled when there are no\nlonger any people of the same race and kindred to which their Kultur\nhas still to be imparted.... Our Kultur-mission has in view some\nhundred millions of Slavs, and draws its geographical frontier-line at\nthe Ural Mountains.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 13.\n\n87. The attempt of Napoleon to graft the Kultur of Western Europe upon\nthe empire of the Muscovite ended in failure. To-day history has made\nus Germans the inheritors of the Napoleonic idea.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W.,\np. 17.\n\n87a. It is perhaps the stupidest of the suspicions under which we\nlabour that we aim at a world-empire after the Roman fashion, and wish\nto thrust our Kultur on the conquered peoples.--PROF. F. MEINECKE,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 29, p. 26.\n\n88. We, however, will not let ourselves be diverted by all this hatred\nand envy from our striving towards a world-Kultur. We will busily and\ncheerfully work on at the elevation of the whole human race.--PROF.\nR. EUCKEN, I.M., 1st October, 1914, p. 74.\n\n89. More than a hundred years ago (1808) Johan Gottlieb Fichte, in his\never-memorable _Speeches to the German Nation_, proclaimed the German\npeople to be the only people in Europe which had preserved its\nprimitive genuineness (_urspruengliche Echtheit_), and therefore its\nspiritual creative faculty, and found the transition from his previous\ncosmopolitan way of thinking to flaming national enthusiasm, in the\nidea that this people was called to be the upholder of world-Kultur,\nand that it was therefore its duty to humanity to look to its own\npreservation.--PROF O. v. GIERKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 23.\n\n90. We claim only the free development of our individuality, and are\nonly fighting against the attempt to throttle it, while contrariwise\nour enemies are conducting an aggressive war, which they have to\ndisguise as a Kultur-war in order to make it appear defensive.--PASTOR\nE. TROELTSCH, D.R.S.Z., No. 27, p. 27.\n\n91. The highest steps of Kultur have not been mounted by peaceable\nnations in long periods of peace, but by warlike peoples in the time\nof their greatest combativeness.--R. THEUDEN, W.M.K.B., p. 4.\n\n92. German Kultur is moral Kultur. Its superiority is rooted in the\nunfathomable depth of its moral constitution. Should it forfeit its\nmoral purity, it would cease to be German.--PROF. O. V. GIERKE,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 23.\n\n92a. The further we can carry our Kultur into the East, the more, and\nthe more profitable, outlets shall we find for our wares. Economic\nprofit is of course not the main motive of our Kultur-activity, but it\nis no unwelcome by-product.--C.L. POEHLMANN, G.D.W., p. 35.\n\n93. The individual Frenchman may fight as heroically as he pleases,\nhis cause is nevertheless lost, because he does not believe that where\nthe German element has never penetrated, or has penetrated only to\ndisappear again, no development of Kultur, in the true sense of the\nword, is possible.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 26.\n\n94. But what about Louvain and Rheims? Has not war, the rude and\nruthless destroyer, trodden down glorious cities and priceless\nbuildings that might claim to rank among the greatest Kultur-treasures\nof humanity? Exactly the opposite may be said: war has in these cases\nled the way to a really clear recognition of the value to humanity of\nthese Kultur-treasures! The cry of indignation which went up against\nus had long before made itself heard in our own breasts in view of the\nthoughtlessness and indifference, nay, the frivolity with which these\nimmeasurable values had been ruthlessly exposed to destruction by\nnations which have always plumed themselves excessively on their\nwestern Kultur.--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 14.\n\n94a. The fury of our gunners at the enemy's unprincipled use of the\ncathedral of Rheims as a means of defence, was doubtless mingled with\nindignation and disgust at being _compelled_ to do injury to a\npriceless work of art. But no phrase-making aestheticism, thank God,\nsuch as our neighbours cultivate, rendered us untrue to the conviction\nthat, when all is said and done, every drop of blood of the meanest of\nour brave soldiers is worth more than any individual work of artistic\nKultur.--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 14.\n\n_See also Nos. 7, 30, 46, 62, 115, 123, 151, 160, 186, 187, 232, 239a,\n242, 248a, 262-268._\n\n\n=Der deutsche Gott.=[12]\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n95. If God is for us, who can be against us? It is enough for us to be\na part of God.--\"On the German God,\" by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in\nH.A.H., p. 77.\n\n96. We have become a nation of wrath; we think only of the war.... We\nexecute God's Almighty will, and the edicts of His justice we will\nfulfil, imbued with holy rage, in vengeance upon the ungodly. God\ncalls us to murderous battles, even if worlds should thereby fall to\nruins.... We are woven together like the chastening lash of war; we\nflame aloft like the lightning; like gardens of roses our wounds\nblossom at the gates of Heaven.--F. PHILIPPI, quoted in H.A.H., p. 52.\n\n97. The principle which the Kaiser impressed on his soldiers lives in\nhis own soul: \"Each must so do his duty that, when he shall one day\nanswer the heavenly bugle-call, he may stand forth with a good\nconscience before his God and his old Kaiser.\"--PASTOR M. HENNIG,\nD.K.U.W., p. 21.\n\n_Compare No. 247._\n\n98. Thou who dwellest high in Thy Heaven, above Cherubim, Seraphim,\nand Zeppelins, Thou who art enthroned as a God of thunder in the midst\nof lightning from the clouds, and lightning from sword and cannon,\nsend thunder, lightning, hail and tempest hurtling upon our enemy ...\nand hurl him down to the dark burial-pits.--_Battle Prayer_, by\nPASTOR D. VORWERK, quoted in H.A.H., p. 40.\n\n99. Is the living God, the God whom one can only have and understand\nin the spirit of Jesus Christ, is He the God of those others? No; they\nserve at best Satan, the father of lies!--\"War Sermons,\" by PASTOR H.\nFRANCKE, quoted in H.A.H., p. 72.\n\n100. England is our worst enemy, and we will fight her till we have\noverthrown her! So may it please our Great Ally, who stands behind the\nGerman battalions, behind our ships and U-boats, and behind our\nblessed \"militarism\"!--E. v. HEYKING, D.W.E., p. 23.\n\n101. The German soul is the world's soul, God and Germany belong to\none another.--\"On the German God,\" by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in\nH.A.H., p. 83.\n\n102. On this planet, as a result of millenniums of development, has it\ncome to this, that Germany--and in a wider sense _Germanism_, within\nand without the Empire--has become an instrument of God, an\nindispensable, irreplaceable instrument of God? This question I ask,\nand I answer it in the affirmative.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 15.\n\n103. The French, of course, count on the possibility that Germany may\nbe weakened in the further course of the war, and at last beaten by\nthe Russian Army and the English Fleet. This we do not believe,\nbecause we know Germany and hold the alliance between Providence and\nour people to be a matter of necessity.--F. NAUMANN, Member of the\nReichstag, D.U.F., p. 19.\n\n104. The difficult Christian commandment, \"Love your enemies,\" is\nnowhere more easily obeyed than in war! There is much talk about\n\"hate\" against England. But how do our warriors greet each other?\n\"Gott strafe England!\" They thus invoke God, but not the God of\nhatred, of vengeance, but the God of justice. It is the just God at\nwhose hands we hope for the punishment of the unjust man or\nnation.--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., p. 19.\n\n105. It might come to pass that we succumbed in this fight of\nrighteousness and purity against falsehood and deceit. That could only\nhappen, I am sure, over the dead body of the last German--but should\nit happen, I assert that we should all die happy in the consciousness\nof having defended God against the world.--\"On the German God,\" by\nPASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 79.\n\n106. We are beginning slowly, humbly, and yet with a deep gladness, to\ndivine God's intentions. It may sound proud, my friends, but we are\nconscious that it is also in all humbleness that we say it: the German\nsoul is God's soul: it shall and will rule over mankind.--\"On the\nGerman God,\" by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 83.\n\n107. The German God is not only the theme of some of our poets and\nprophets, but also a historian like Max Lenz has, with fiery tongue\nand in deep thankfulness, borne witness to the revelation of the\nGerman God in our holy war. The German, the national, God!... Has war\nin this case impaired, or has it steeled religion? I say it has\nsteeled it.... This is no relapse to a lower level, but a mounting up\nto God Himself.--PROF. A. DEISSMANN, D.R.S.Z., No. 9, p. 16.\n\n108. [Extract from a letter[13] to Chamberlain.] \"It is my firm belief\nthat the country to which God gave Luther, Goethe, Bach, Wagner,\nMoltke, Bismarck and William I., has still a great mission before it,\nto work for the welfare of humanity. God has put us to a hard\nprobation ... that we may the better serve as His instrument for the\nsaving of mankind; for we were on the point of becoming untrue to our\nold-established nature (_Wesen_). He who has imposed upon us this\nordeal will also help us out of it.\"--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 13.\n\n109. What a difference is there between armies, one of which carries\nits God in its heart, whilst the others think they can conquer by the\nweight of their numbers, by cunning tricks of devilish cruelty, by\nshameless contempt for the provisions of International Law.--\"War\nDevotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 121.\n\n110. Even the Crusaders with their cry of \"God wills it!\" were not so\npenetrated by the Christian spirit as our warriors whose motto is, \"As\nGod will!\"--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., p. 19.\n\n111.\n\n    Ortelsburg und Gilgenburg,\n    Dazu als Sieger Hindenburg,\n    Das sind der Burgen drei,\n    Die vierte, die ist auch dabei:\n    Die macht der Feinde Tun zu Spott,\n    Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott.\n\nTranslation: Ortelsburg and Gilgenburg [two places in East Prussia]\nwith victory for Hindenburg--that makes three \"Burgs\" in all. Nor is a\nfourth \"Burg\" wanting: one that puts to shame the efforts of our\nenemies: for \"Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott.\"--Quoted by M. HENNIG,\nD.K.U.W., p. 82.\n\n112. On us Germans the eye of God, we take it, must especially rest in\nthis war: we must be His ultimate purpose.--\"On the German God,\" by\nPASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 89.\n\n113. For a just cause, the German is ready to sacrifice life, blood,\ngold and goods. Once more, as of old, David goes forth against\nGoliath. The German people says with David: \"Thou comest to me with a\nsword and with a spear and with a javelin; but I come to thee in the\nname of the Lord of Hosts,\" in the name of faith, right and truth.\nGreat is his might who has these powers on his side; for the living\nGod stands behind him.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 65.\n\n114. The kingdom of God must now assert itself against the kingdom of\nall that is base, evil and vile: the kingdom of light against the\nkingdom of darkness. Against a world of superhuman evil ... the power\nof superhuman justice, truth and love goes out to battle.--\"War\nDevotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 125.\n\n115. One thing, I think, is clear, God must stand on our side. We\nfight for right and truth, for Kultur and civilization, and human\nprogress, and true Christianity, against untruthfulness and hypocrisy\nand falseness, and un-Kultur and barbarism and brutality. All human\nblessings, aye, and humanity itself, stand under the protection of our\nbright weapons.--\"War Sermons,\" by PASTOR H. FRANCKE, quoted in H. &.\nH., p. 65.\n\n116. There lurks in our people something of the God-consciousness\nwhich inspired the Old Testament prophets. Very childlike indeed, but\nof far deeper meaning than he could guess, was the saying of a little\nboy to his playmate at the outbreak of war: \"I am not in the least\nafraid! The good God will help us, for he is German!\"--K. ENGELBRECHT,\nD.D.D.K., p. 45.\n\n_See also Nos. 43, 145, 312, 316._\n\n\n=The Chosen People and its Mission.=\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n117. He who does not believe in the Divine mission of Germany had\nbetter hang himself, and rather to-day than to-morrow.--H.S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 17.\n\n118. Now we understand why the other nations pursue us with their\nhatred: they do not understand us, but they are sensible of our\nenormous spiritual superiority. So the Jews were hated in antiquity,\nbecause they were the representatives of God on earth.--PROF. W.\nSOMBART, H.U.H., p. 142.\n\n119. God has in Luther practically chosen the German people, and that\ncan never be altered, for is it not written in Romans xi., 29, \"For\nthe gifts and calling of God are without repentance.\"--DR. PREUSS,[14]\nquoted in H.A.H., p. 223.\n\n120. I want first to make it clear in what sense we may say, without\nextravagance or the least trace of self-exaltation: Germany is chosen.\nGermany is chosen, for her own good and that of other nations, to\nundertake their guidance. Providence has placed the appointed people,\nat the appointed moment, ready for the appointed task.--H.S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, P.I., p. 25.\n\n121. There is a gospel saying which bursts the bonds of its original\nhistorical meaning and takes new wings in the storm of the world-war,\na saying which we may well take as the consecration of our German\nmission: \"Ye are the salt of the earth! ye are the light of the\nworld!\"[15]--PROF. A. DEISSMANN, D.R.S.Z., p. 24.\n\n122. It is no foolish over-valuation of ourselves, no aggressive\narrogance, no want of humility, when we more and more let Bismarck's\nfaith prevail within us, that God has taken the German nation under\nHis special care, or in any case has some special purpose in view for\nit.--\"On the German God,\" by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p.\n86.\n\n123. Then a newly purified and newly strengthened German folk-soul\nwould arise out of the war, to new thoughts and new deeds, to a new\nsense of its world-mission--that of imparting to the other peoples, in\na pure spirit, the achievements of its Kultur, so that all lands may\nbe filled with the glory of God.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 63.\n\n124. As heralds of God's will, messengers of His word, witnesses of\nHis benefactions to the world, we shall take up our work after the\nwar, and with German endurance and German industry, with German\ncompetence and German faithfulness, with German faith and German\npiety, we shall permeate, in the name of God, a world which has become\npoor and desolate.--\"War Devotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in\nH.A.H., p. 128.\n\n125. When these storms have done their work, Germany's purest mission\nbegins: to become a place of refuge, a holy grove for all the seekers\nof the earth, a central land, a land of wisdom, a land of morals.--F.\nLIENHARDT, quoted in H.A.H., p. 51.\n\n126. The divination or the assurance of this special calling [on the\npart of God] has long been present to the best among the German\npeople; many quotations to this effect (for example, Geibel's lines)\nare to-day in everybody's mouth. Deeper thoughts are aroused by a\nless-known remark of Richard Wagner's: \"A great mission, scarcely\ncomprehensible to other nations, is unquestionably reserved for the\nwhole German character (_Anlage_)\"; this character he defines as \"the\nspirit of pure humanity,\" and the mission of the Germans as \"the\nennoblement of the world....\" Not to believe in this mission is folly,\nis treason.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 14.\n\n127. God's people will come forth from this war strengthened and\ncrowned with victory, because they stand on the side of God; but all\nGod's adversaries will find out that God will not be mocked, and that\nHe rules the history of the nations according to His will.--\"War\nDevotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 134.\n\n128. A good Providence watches over the fate of the German people,\nwhich is destined to the highest things on this earth.--PROF. W.\nSOMBART, H.U.H., p. 67.\n\n129. Brethren and sisters! in a moment we ... have become the heirs of\nIsrael, the people of the Old Testament covenant. We shall be the\nbearers of God's promises.--\"War Devotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted\nin H.A.H., p. 116.\n\n130. As was Israel among the heathen, so is Germany among the modern\nnations--the pious heart of Europe.--\"My German Fatherland,\" by PASTOR\nTOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 136.\n\n131. We hope that a great mission will be allotted to us Germans ...\nand this German mission is: to look after the world (_zu sorgen fuer\ndie Welt_). Is it arrogance to write such a phrase? Is it vanity in\nthe disguise of a moral idea? No, no, and again no.--PASTOR G. TRAUB,\nD.K.U.S., p. 23.\n\n132. Friedrich Nietzsche was but the last of the singers and seers\nwho, coming down from the height of heaven, brought to us the tidings\nthat there should be born from us the Son of God, whom in his language\nhe called the Superman.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 53.\n\n133. Verily the Bible is our book.... It was given and assigned to us,\nand we read in it the original text of our destiny, which proclaims to\nmankind salvation or disaster--according as _we_ will it!--\"War\nDevotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 134.\n\n134. We want to become a world-people. Let us remind ourselves that\nthe belief in our mission as a world-people has arisen from our\noriginally purely spiritual impulse to absorb the world into\nourselves.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.D.E., p. 37.\n\n135. Germany is the centre of God's plans for the world.--\"On the\nGerman God,\" by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 78.\n\n_See also Nos. 75, 77, 239._\n\n\n\"=Other Peoples.=\"\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n136. We had greatly over-valued all other nations, even the French.\nThe French are a people on the down grade.--THE KAISER, to HERR A.\nFENDRICH, quoted in H.A.H., p. 55.\n\n137. All the deep things: courage, patriotism, faithfulness, moral\npurity, conscience, the sense of duty, activity on a moral basis,\ninward riches, intellect, industry, and so forth [!]--no other nation\npossesses all these things in such high perfection as we do.--\"On the\nGerman God,\" by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 76.\n\n138. Fichte was right in calling us the people of the soul (_Gemuet_)\n... [in the sense that] the depth of feeling common to us Germans has\nbecome a power controlling our activity and permeating our history, to\na degree unknown to any other people. In this sense we have a right to\nsay that we form the soul of humanity, and that the destruction of the\nGerman nature (_Art_) would rob world-history of its deepest\nmeaning.--PROF. R. EUCKEN, W.B.D.G., p. 23.\n\n139. Bach, Goethe, Schiller, Beethoven, these men signify for us a\nspiritual rebirth, such as never happens to other peoples, all of whom\nonly grow old, and can never become young again.--H. V. WOLZOGEN,\nG.Z.K., p. 49.\n\n139a. Other peoples are young, grow to maturity and then begin to\nage.... We Germans have often been old, but, thank God, we have as\noften been _quite_ young.... How young do we not feel ourselves in\ncontradistinction to these Englishmen and Frenchmen.--PROF. G. ROETHE,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 1, p. 25.\n\n140. No other people, not even the Greeks, have so understood\nchildhood as the Germans. It is we who, in the work of Campe [\"The\nSwiss Family Robinson\"] have created children's literature,[16] and\nstill hold the lead in that department; it is we who provide the\nwhole world with children's toys. That is possible only because we\nhave the power of identifying ourselves with the child-soul, and this\nwe could not do if we had not in our own innermost soul something\nchildlike, simple, primitive.--PROF. R. EUCKEN, W.B.D.G., p. 13.\n\n141. The identical ring that we put into the singing of \"Ein'feste\nBurg ist unser Gott\" and \"Deutschland, Deutschland ueber Alles,\" is\nsomething that cannot be found among the other peoples, because they\nlack the freshness of national feeling, because they are\ndegenerate.--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 68.\n\n142. I look upon it as absolutely the deepest feature of the German\ncharacter, this passionate love of right, of justice, of morality.\nThis is something which the other nations have not got.--\"On the\nGerman God,\" by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 79.\n\n143. The period of political chaos a hundred years ago was a blessing\nfor the Germans, who at that time were able to grow deep, while other\nnations were growing superficial.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 129.\n\n144. Our German peace is an essential factor in our Kultur. Such a\nlove of peace is itself of moral value, but in the person of the\nKaiser it finds a consciously religious expression ... and when the\nKaiser has to summon his people to a war which he has not willed,\nthere at once awakes in the whole people the religious spirit peculiar\nto itself, of which the other peoples--unless it be the Turks!--have\nno conception, it matters not whether they have already dethroned\n\"Dieu\" or have \"the Lord\" forever in their mouths!--H. V. WOLZOGEN,\nD.Z.K., p. 46.\n\n145. But this same Demon of Baseness, who has subdued the other\npeoples, was busily at work in Germany as well: ten years more, and\nGod would perhaps have found no one in the world to fight for\nhim.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 11.\n\n_See also Nos. 7, 8, 14, 31, 44, 321._\n\n\n=Christ.=\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n146. The soldier who spat in the face of the thorn-crowned Saviour did\nnot act more shamelessly than does England now.--\"The True Unity,\" by\nPASTOR TOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 146.\n\n147. Is there anyone who does not know why England declared war?\nWhy?... From jealousy. From shopkeeper-spite. Because she wanted to\nearn the thirty pieces of silver.--\"The World-Politics of England,\" by\nPASTOR G. TOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 143.\n\n148. We could draw many instructive parallels: we could say that as\nJesus was treated so also have the German people been treated.--\"War\nSermons,\" by PASTOR H. FRANCKE, quoted in H.A.H., p. 63.\n\n149. In this solemn hour, when we lament over our dead heroes, we\nexperience, more deeply than ever before, the passion of our Lord....\nIs not Germany itself transformed into a suffering Christ? We, too,\nhave gone through our hour of trial on the Mount of Olives, when with\nour Kaiser we prayed that the cup of suffering might pass away from\nus; and we, too, obeying the unfathomable will of God, have begun to\ndrain it.... We, too, were betrayed by those to whom we had shown\nnothing but justice and kindness; and around us, too, resounded, in\naccents of hatred and envy, the cry of \"Crucify him!\"--PASTOR F.X.\nMUeNCH, reported by SVEN HEDIN, \"With the German Armies in the West,\"\np. 336.\n\n150. We assert the view that ... what once happened to Luther is now\nhappening to our people: it is experiencing a repetition of the\nPassion of Christ.--DR. PREUSS, quoted in H.A.H., p. 206.\n\n151. A hard and steep _Via Crucis_ lies before the great benefactor\nand magnanimous liberator of the Kultur-world, the German people.\nAlthough it looks beyond the gloom of Good Friday to the dawn of\nEaster morn, beyond the dark days of war to the beacons of\ntriumph--yet the cross still rests on its shoulders, and the Golgotha\nof the hardest decision still awaits it.--HOFPRAeDIKANT STIPBERGER,\nquoted in \"False Witness\" (_Klokke Roland_), p. 17.\n\n152. It was the hidden meaning of God that He made Israel the\nforerunner (_Vordeuter_) of the Messiah, and in the same way He has by\nHis hidden intent designated the German people to be His\nsuccessor.--DR. PREUSS, quoted in H.A.H., p. 214.\n\n153. German craving for truth and German strength of faith, working\nalong Biblical paths, have attained to the true faith, the pure\nreligiousness, whose first and greatest spokesman is Jesus Christ.\nThus the Germans are the very nearest to the Lord, and may claim for\nthemselves that they have \"continued His word\".... We fight, then, for\nChristianity[17] as against degeneration and barbarism.... God must\nbe with us and victory ours. This is guaranteed us by the truth of our\nnature, which is as German as it is Christian.--\"War Sermons,\" by\nPASTOR H. FRANCKE, quoted in H.A.H., p. 71.\n\n154. A Jesusless horde, a crowd of the Godless, are in the field\nagainst us.... May God surround us with His protection ... since our\ndefeat would also mean the defeat of His Son in humanity.--\"War\nDevotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 119.\n\n155. The German people, bearing forward in victory the Evangel of the\nCross of Christ,[18] is the great Christophorus in the world of the\nnations.--\"The Christianity of the Belligerent Nations,\" by PASTOR F.\nERDMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 148.\n\n156. Let us rejoice that Envy has risen up against us; it only shows\nthat God has exalted and richly blessed us. Think of Him who was\nhanged on the Cross and seemed forsaken of God, and had to tread in\nsuch loneliness His path to victory. My German people, even if thy\nroad be strewn with thorns and beset by enemies, press onward, full of\ndefiance and confidence.... Thou and thy God, ye are the\nmajority.--PASTOR D. VORWERK, quoted in H.A.H., p. 38.\n\n157. Kant and Jesus go through our people, seeking their\ndisciples.--PASTOR G. TRAUB, D.K.U.S., p. 22.\n\n158. We are fighting--thanks and praise be to God--for the cause of\nJesus within mankind.--\"War Devotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in\nH.A.H., p. 126.\n\n159. Christianity is possessed of potent spiritual energies, since it\ninspires our minds, not only with patience, but also with dignified\npride. \"Blessed are ye when men shall reproach you, and persecute you,\nand say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.\" I quite\nunderstand Friedrich Naumann's declaration that this text has meant\nmuch to him in these days.--PROF. A. DEISSMANN, D.R.S.Z., No. 9, p. 24.\n\n160. On the paths of commerce and intercourse, we shall go forth to\nall nations, and, after the fierce fight is over, carry Jesus to them\nin the quiet, peaceful work of a true Kultur. England, in these paths,\nhas lowered herself to become a nation of hucksters, who have long\nabandoned the service of God for that of Mammon.--\"War Devotions,\" by\nPASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 130.\n\n161. It is on account of its admirable qualities that Germany has so\nmany enemies. Friedrich v. Schiller says: \"The world loves to blacken\nwhatever is radiant and shining, and to drag what is exalted in the\ndust.... Socrates had to drain the bowl of poison, Columbus was cast\ninto fetters, Christ was nailed to the cross,\"--FELDMARSCHALLEUTNANT\nFRANZ RIEGER, quoted by KR. NYROP, _Er Krig Kultur?_ (Copenhagen).\n\n162. The thief who expiated a sinful past by his repentance in the\nlast hour, and was outwardly subjected to the same suffering as our\nLord, is the type of the Turkish nation, which now puts Christianity\n(outside Germany) to shame.--DR. PREUSS, quoted in H.A.H., p. 211.\n\n_See also Nos. 428, 444._\n\n\n=Die Deutsche Wahrheit (German Truth).=\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n163. The International Lie-Press has risen up as a fourth Great Power\nagainst Germany, and deluges the world with lies against our\nmagnificent and strictly moral (_sittenstrenges_) Army, and slanders\neverything that is German. I propose that in the treaty of peace we\nshould claim a special milliard as indemnity for lies.[19]--PROF. A.\nv. HARNACK, W.W.S.G., p. 4.\n\n164. The Germans demand truth, even from orators. It would be quite\nimpossible to entangle the Germans in a network of impudent lies, as\nthe other nations have been entangled.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z.,\nNo. 4, p. 23.\n\n165. There was no war party in Germany; that is a _Times_ lie; but\nthere doubtless were responsible statesmen and soldiers who rightly\nsaid: \"If England and her gang want war at any price, then the sooner\nthe better.\"--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 13.\n\n166. [The sailors of the British Fleet are] a gang of adventurers and\ncriminals who serve only for filthy lucre ... and among whom\ndesertions and mutinies belong to the order of the day.--W. HELM,\nW.W.S.M., p. 20.\n\n167. I have travelled at midsummer through the length and breadth of\nEngland, from London to Glasgow and Edinburgh, and to Wales; but I\nhave not seen a single cornfield.--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 29.\n\n168. Not only were the most monstrous untruths as to the violent\nproceedings of Germany disseminated by the Press, but care was taken\nto suppress all mention of the twice repeated _generous offer of\nGermany to compensate Belgium in every respect_, if she would permit\nthe transit of German troops.--\"GERMANUS,\" B.U.D.K., p. 31.\n\n169. If, apart from one or two acts of rascality (_ein paar\nBubenstreichen_), we have as yet seen nothing of the British Fleet, it\nis [among other reasons] because John Bull knows that the crews of his\nships are simply not to be trusted.--W. HELM, W.W.S.M., p. 20.\n\n170. We know, for example, that English prisoners and wounded passing\nthrough [Cologne] ... could scarcely believe their eyes when they saw\nthat our noble cathedral was not a heap of ruins, as their papers had\nassured them!--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 55.\n\n171. The French soldiers thought they were only going to manoeuvres.\nNot until they were face to face with the enemy, had come under the\nfire of our rifles and seen our bayonets, did they find out that they\nhad been deceived, that they had been lied into the war.--\"War\nDevotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H. & H., p. 126.\n\n172. What homage does not the stupid world pay to Carnegie; and now we\nlearn that, through his endowments for professors and students, he has\nenslaved the universities, imposing upon them hard-and-fast doctrines,\nas, for example, the worship of England and hostility to\nGermany.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, P.I., p. 56.\n\n173. When we [in 1870-71] bombarded the fortress of Paris, that was an\noutrage upon a sacred spot. But when the English battered to the\nground the defenceless Alexandria[20]--that was of course quite in\norder.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. i., p. 27.\n\n173a. When our Zeppelins drop bombs on the fortress of Antwerp, there\nare loud protests. But how have not French prisoners boasted of the\nburning by their bombs of the open city of Nuernberg. The will was\nthere; only the power was lacking.[21]--PROF. U. V.\nWILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. i., p. 27.\n\n\n=German Insight and Foresight.=\n\n(BEFORE THE WAR.)\n\n174. [Of the \"militia\" of the British self-governing Dominions.] They\ncan be completely ignored so far as concerns any European theatre of\nwar. [Of the British Territorial Army.] For a Continental European war\nit may be left out of account.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 135.\n\n175. As soon as we have won our first victory, we may be sure that\nItaly will unconditionally accord us her armed cooperation.--K. V.\nSTRANTZ, E.S.V., p. 21.\n\n176. If, in case of war, England should join the Dual Alliance\nagainst us, our military position will be in no way prejudiced, if we,\non our side, take care to kindle fires at the points where her\nworld-power is threatened. In that case, too, oversea prizes beckon us\non, which will be well worth the winning.--K. v. STRANTZ, E.S.V., p.\n39.\n\n177. I do not at all believe that Zeppelins have anything to fear from\naeroplanes, as their critics assert.--A. WIRTH, T.O.D., p. 52.\n\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n178. The far-seeing English politician expects the present war greatly\nto improve the position of England as against the United States. Any\ninjury that England may conceivably inflict on its best customer,\nGermany ... will be as nothing in comparison with the direct and\nindirect losses the war must inflict on America.--DR. A. ZIMMERMANN,\nquoted by P. HEINSICK, W.U.G., p. 21.\n\n179. There can be no possible doubt that England, in secret, heartily\nrejoices in every Russian defeat.--P. HEINSICK, W.U.G., p. 21.\n\n\n=German Freedom.=\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n180. An un-German freedom is no freedom.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p.\n21.\n\n180a. Germany has been for centuries the true and only home of a\nfreedom worthy of humanity and elevating to humanity.--H.S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 15.\n\n181. German freedom is thus not a natural human right, but an\nelevation of humanity above the despotism of its own personal\ninclinations.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 46.\n\n182. We should be in an evil case if we were to barter for these\n[English] \"liberties,\" however praiseworthy in themselves, our\nindividual many-sidedness, our temperament in constant touch with\nlife, in short our Deutschtum.--KARL HECKEL, E.B., p. 384.\n\n183. Ah, Milton, wert thou living at this hour!... Thou would'st\nunderstand German championship of freedom, care for justice, and love\nof truth.--PROF. A. BRANDL, D.R.S.Z., No. 20.\n\n_On English Freedom, see Nos. 401a, 467._\n\n\n=The German Language.=\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n184. Fichte expresses in simple words a positively decisive truth ...\nof all the languages of Europe, German is the only living one.--H.S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 26.\n\n185. The German ... _must_ conquer; and when once he has\nconquered--to-day or in a hundred years...--no duty is more urgent\nthan that of forcing the German language upon the world.--H.S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 33.\n\n186. If German Kultur and the German spirit are to march victorious\nthrough the world, not to oppress other peoples, but to aid them in\ntheir own development, an essential preliminary will be the spread of\nthe German language. For only he who knows the German language, and\ncan read the works of our spiritual heroes in the original, can\nreally penetrate into the German spirit, and feel himself at home\nthere.--C.L. POEHLMANN, G.D.W., p. 48.\n\n187. Chance brings to my hands to-day a copy of _Jugend_ for May 28,\n1900, containing an article by me in which I read: \"I have no firmer\nor more sacred conviction than this, that the higher Kultur of\nhumanity depends upon the spreading of the German language.\" I go on\nto explain that this language is the indispensable interpreter of the\nGerman nature (_Wesen_), which is what I chiefly prize; and for the\nspreading of the language it is necessary that the German Empire\nshould develop into the leading State of the world.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN,\nD.Z., p. 9.\n\n188. A defeat for Germany I could regard only as a deferred victory. I\nshould say to myself: The time, then, is not yet ripe; the sacred\ntreasure must yet awhile be guarded and cherished in the circle of the\nnarrower Fatherland. For alone among all nations Germany possesses\nto-day a living, developing, sacred treasure.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN,\nK.A., p. 24.\n\n189. Germanism (_Was wir \"deutsch\" nennen_) is the secret through\nwhich the inner man is illuminated; and the instrument of this\nillumination is the [German] language.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 25.\n\n190. If Montaigne were living to-day, he would have to remain\nsilent--or to learn German.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 29.\n\n191. Men must come to realize that whoever cannot speak German is a\npariah.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 35.\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[8] A common expression for the ordinary, average German.\n\n[9] This address was delivered, 9th September, 1914. The _Lusitania_\nwas sunk 7th May, 1915.\n\n[10] Though this was written in the second month of the war, we must in\nfairness assume that Herr Chamberlain is thinking of the German state\nof mind before the war. But as he has lived thirty years in Germany he\nmust have been there during the South African War, when the German\nfeeling towards England was too mildly described by the term\n\"animosity.\"\n\n[11]\n\n    And you must love him ere to you\n    He will seem worthy of your love\n\n[12] M. Dumont, writing of the Albanians (_Rev. des Deux Mondes_, vi.,\n120, 1872), supplies a pertinent comment on German piety: \"_Ce qui fait\nqu'une tribu croit a son dieu, c'est la haine de la tribu voisine._\"\n\n[13] Chamberlain says that this letter was addressed to him in\nNovember, 1914, by a correspondent whom he refuses to name, but of whom\nhe will say that \"few men can form such well-informed judgment upon all\nphases in the life of present-day Germany, and no one deserves to be\nlistened to with higher respect.\" These expressions, and the mention of\nWilliam I., may perhaps justify the conjecture that the writer is none\nother than Chamberlain's warm admirer, William II.\n\n[14] The same author explains that \"of course the German people have\nnot in themselves deserved this calling: it proceeds from the sheer\ngrace of God, so we can maintain it without any Pharisaism whatever.\"\n\n[15] This saying had already \"burst its bonds\" and been appropriated to\nGermany by the Kaiser:--\"We are the salt of the earth, but we must also\nbe worthy to be so.\" (Bremen, 22nd March, 1905.)\n\n[16] It is odd that the \"creator of children's literature\" should have\ntaken the very name of his work from an English book which had been the\ndelight of children for half a century before he wrote.\n\n[17] Compare with this the following:--\"In our struggle with the Triple\nEntente, we look for the most valuable aid from Pan-Islamism, from the\nliving sense of solidarity between all Muslims of the whole world,\ndependent on their common religion.... If all accounts be true, the\nwhole Muslim world is flocking round the Sultan-Kalif, and regards this\nwar as a 'Holy War,' That would be the first and perhaps the greatest\ntriumph of the Pan-Islamic movement.\"--DR. E. HUBER, in _Das Groessere\nDeutschland_, Christmas Eve, 1914.\n\n[18] The particular injunction of the Evangel of Christ which inspired\nthe sinking of the _Lusitania_ was no doubt \"Suffer little children to\ncome unto me.\"\n\n[19] After making this proposal on p. 4, Professor v. Harnack, on p. 6,\ngives the following account of the Battle of the Marne:--\"We have,\nwithout any defeat, partly withdrawn our troops to form an iron line of\nbattle from Arras and Noyon to Verdun.\"\n\n[20] \"The defenceless Alexandria\" was defended by an elaborate system\nof forts mounting hundreds of guns. It was these forts that the fleet\nbombarded, in the face of considerable resistance. The conflagrations\nin the city were the work of escaped or liberated convicts.\n\n[21] If any French soldiers actually believed that Nuernberg had been\nbombed, it can only have been because the German Government spread the\nreport, through the mouth of its Ambassador in Paris, as an excuse for\ndeclaring war. (French Yellow Book, No. 159.) It is possible that some\nFrenchmen may have incautiously believed the German Government. The\nreport has been shown by German investigation to be entirely\ngroundless.\n\n\n\n\nII\n\nGERMAN AMBITIONS\n\n\n\n\nII\n\nGERMAN AMBITIONS\n\n\n=Expansion in Europe.=\n\n(BEFORE THE WAR.)\n\n192. Germany cannot be suspected of wishing for war.... She covets no\npossession of her neighbours. Any one who says that she does, slanders\nher.--_Manifesto of the German Defence League, March, 1913._ NIPPOLD,\nD.C., p. 85.\n\n192a. A developing, onward-striving people like ourselves requires new\nland for its energies, and if peace will not secure it, then only war\nremains. To arouse people to a realization of this fact was the\nmission of the Defence League.--GENERAL v. WROCHEM, at meeting of\nGerman Defence League, Danzig, March, 1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 84.\n\n192b. It is precisely our _craving_ for expansion that drives us into\nthe paths of conquest, and in view of which all chatter about peace\nand humanity can and must remain nothing but chatter.--J.L. REIMER,\nE.P.D., p. 154.\n\n193. A new period of progress towards unification is possible only by\nmeans of a great and courageous policy, which should lead to\nvictorious wars, and if possible to the territorial expansion of the\nEmpire.--D.B.B., p. 202.\n\n194. All the policy, internal and external, of the Empire ought to be\nsubordinated to this governing idea--the Germanization of all the\nremains of foreign populations within the Empire, and the procuring\nfor the German people of new territories, proportionate to its\nstrength and its need of expansion.--PROF. E. HASSE, B.D.V., p. 126.\n\n195. Our frontiers are too narrow. We must become land-hungry, must\nacquire new regions for settlement, otherwise we will be a sinking\npeople, a stunted race. True love for our people and its children\ncommands us to think of their future, however much they may accuse us\nof quarrelsomeness and lust of war. If the Germanic people shrank from\nwar it would be as good as dead.--BARON V. VIETINGHOFF-SCHEEL, at\nmeeting of Pan-German League, Erfurt, September, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C.,\np. 72.\n\n196. Let us bravely organize great _forced migrations_ of the inferior\npeoples. Posterity will be grateful to us. We must coerce them! This\nis one of the tasks of war: the means must be superiority of armed\nforce. Superficially such forced migrations, and the penning up of\ninconvenient peoples in narrow \"reserves,\" may appear hard; but it is\nthe only solution of the race-question that is worthy of humanity....\nThus alone can the over-population of the earth be controlled: the\nefficient peoples must secure themselves elbow-room by means of war,\nand the inefficient must be hemmed in, and at last driven into\n\"reserves\" where they have no room to grow ... and where, discouraged\nand rendered indifferent to the future by the spectacle of the\nsuperior energy of their conquerors, they may crawl slowly towards\nthe peaceful death of weary and hopeless senility.[22]--K. WAGNER, K.,\np. 170.\n\n197. We desire, and must desire ... a world-empire of Teutonic\n(_germanisch_) stock, under the hegemony of the German people. In\norder to secure this we must--\n\n    (a) Gradually Germanize the Scandinavian and Dutch Teutonic\n        States, denationalizing them in the weaker signification of\n        the term;[23]\n\n    (b) Break up the predominantly un-Teutonic peoples into their\n        component parts, in order to take to ourselves the Teutonic\n        element and Germanize it, while we reject the un-Teutonic\n        element.\n\n--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 137.\n\n197a. Such false ideas as to nationality, speech and race are now\nprevalent ... that it is often maintained that no breaking-up of\nnations would be necessary, but that a \"Germanization\" _in the mass_\nof the nations in question [Germany's smaller neighbours] would be\nsufficient.--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 130.\n\n198. We are indubitably the most martial nation in the world.... We\nare the most gifted of nations in all the domains of science and art.\nWe are the best colonists, the best sailors, and even the best\ntraders! And yet we have not up to now secured our due share in the\nheritage of the world.... That the German Empire is not the end but\nthe beginning of our national development is an obvious truth.--F.\nBLEY, W.D., pp. 21-22.\n\n199. We must create a Central Europe which will guarantee the peace of\nthe entire continent from the moment when it shall have driven the\nRussians from the Black Sea and the Slavs from the south, and shall\nhave conquered large tracts to the east of our frontiers for German\ncolonization. We cannot let loose _ex abrupto_ the war which will\ncreate this Central Europe. All we can do is to accustom our people to\nthe thought that this war must come.--P. DE LAGARDE, D.S., p. 83.\n\n200. Before seeking to found a Greater Germany in other continents, we\nmust create a Greater Germany in Central Europe.... In seeking to\ncolonize the countries immediately contiguous to our present\npatrimony, we are continuing the millenary work of our ancestors.\nThere is nothing in this contrary to nature.--PROF. E. HASSE, D.G., p.\n168.\n\n200a. _Every great people needs new territory_; it must _expand over\nforeign soil_; it must expel the foreigners by the power of the\nsword.--K. WAGNER, K., p. 80.\n\n201. For this evil [the emigration of the surplus population] we see\nonly one remedy: _the extension of our frontiers in Europe_.... We\nmust make room for an Empire of Germanic race which shall number\n100,000,000 inhabitants, in order that we may hold our own against\nmasses such as those of Russia and the United States.--D.B.B., p. 115.\n\n202. [In the Great-German Confederation which will comprise most of\nEurope] the Germans, being alone entitled to exercise political\nrights, to serve in the Army and Navy, and to acquire landed property,\nwill recover the feeling they had in the Middle Ages of being a people\nof masters. They will gladly tolerate the foreigners living among\nthem, to whom inferior manual services will be entrusted.--G.U.M., p.\n47.\n\n203. The principles which must guide the German people in the\nestablishment of the new Germanic world-empire are these:--\n\n    (1) The strengthening of its Germanic race-foundation.\n\n    (2) The securing of room for its surplus of births.\n\n    (3) The greatest possible expansion of this surplus over a\n        portion of the earth which shall be sufficiently large,\n        various and geographically well-situated to form an economic\n        unit.\n\n--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 135.\n\n204. Our own social health, towards which, in the name of our moral\nideals, we are now striving, may one day compel us to force upon other\nnations the benefits of the new economic forms.--F. LANGE, R.D., p.\n160 (1893).\n\n205. One thing alone can really profit the German people: the\nacquisition of new territory. That is the only solid and durable gain\n... that alone can really promote the diffusion, the growth and the\ndeepening of Germanism.--A. WIRTH, O.U.W., p. 56.\n\n206. Excessive modesty and humility, rather than excessive arrogance\nand ambition, is a feature of the German character. Therefore we shall\nknow how to set a limit to our desire for expansion, and shall escape\nthe dangers which have been fatal to all conquerors whose ambition was\nunbridled.--PROF. E. HASSE, W.I.K., p. 63.\n\n206a. The territory open to future German expansion ... must extend\nfrom the North Sea and the Baltic, to the Persian Gulf, absorbing the\nNetherlands and Luxembourg, Switzerland, the whole basin of the\nDanube, the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor.--PROF. E. HASSE, W.I.K.,\np. 65.\n\n206b. Nowhere in the world is there so much declamation about\nChauvinism as in Germany, and nowhere is so little of it to be found.\nWe hesitate to express even the most natural demands that a nation can\nmake for itself.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i.\n\n207. When one wishes a thing, one must effectually will it. Our sense\nof justice [!] may in future lead us not to desire what does not\nbelong to us, but _if_ we take we must also _hold fast_. In other\nwords, hitherto foreign territory is not incorporated into Germany\nuntil German proprietorship is rooted in the soil.[24]--F. LANGE,\nR.D., p. 206 (1893).\n\n208. A people that has increased so much as the German people is\nforced to carry on a constant policy of expansion. It must be candidly\nconfessed that since the retirement of Bismarck the Will to Power had\nbeen lacking.--GENERAL v. LIEBERT, Member of the Reichstag, at meeting\nof Pan-German League, Hamburg, January, 1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 76.\n\n209. Since the Western Powers restrict our right to life, it is\nnecessary that we should attach one of them to us or that we should\nsweep them out of our way by force.--M. HARDEN, _Zukunft_, 12th\nAugust, 1911.\n\n210. The Rhine ... is a priceless natural possession, although by our\nown fault we have allowed its most material value to fall into alien\nhands, and it must be the unceasing endeavour of German policy to win\nback the mouths of the river.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 125.\n\n211. The Jablunka must never hear any language but German, and the\n[German] wave must spread thence towards the south until nothing\nremains of all the lamentable nationalities of the Imperial State\n[Austria].--P. DE LAGARDE, D.S., p. 112.\n\n212. If our area of colonization[25] does not coincide with our\npolitical boundaries, the healthy egoism of our race commands us to\nplace our frontier-posts in foreign territory, as we have done at\nMetz.--PROF. E. HASSE, D.G., p. 166.\n\n213. A sturdy German egoism must characterize all political action....\nThe first principle of our policy, both at home and abroad, must be\nthat, in everything that happens, the Germans [literally, the most\nGerman] should come off best, and the others should have a bad time of\nit (_sich unbehaglich fuehlen_).--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 213 (1893).\n\n213a. A Ministry of Colonization must make up for lost time. With all\nprudence, but also with inflexible determination, a process of\nexpropriation should be inaugurated, by which the Poles and the\nAlsatians and Lorrainers would be gradually transported to the\ninterior of the Empire, while Germans would replace them on the\nfrontier.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 206.\n\n\n=Expansion beyond Europe.=\n\n214. We must ... see to it that the outcome of our next successful war\nmust be the acquisition of colonies by any possible means.--H.V.\nTREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 119.\n\n215. A German policy of expansion is to-day generally accepted. The\nEmpire must acquire more colonies.--DR. POHL, of Berlin, at meeting of\nPan-German League, Augsburg, September, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 72.\n\n216. In all lands under German influence a double power is more or\nless strongly at work: the _creative power of the spirit_ ... and the\n_creative power of the body_, that is to say, fecundity.... Whither\nour spiritual and our bodily fecundity impel us, thither we must\ngo--_out over the world!_ (_hin ueber die Welt!_).--J.L. REIMER,\nE.P.D., p. 66.\n\n217. The longing for an eternal peace was Utopian and enervating....\nNor was there any lack of a great national aim. At the division of the\nearth between the other Great Powers, Germany had gone almost empty\naway. But Germany needed new regions for the planting-out of its\never-growing, inexhaustible wealth of people.--GENERAL V. WROCHEM, at\nmeeting of the German Defence League, Hanover, February, 1913.\nNIPPOLD, D.C., p. 83.\n\n218. With all respect to the rights of foreign nations, it must be\nsaid that Germany has not as yet the colonies which it must have....\nOur development demands recognition. That is a natural right. There is\nhere no question of prestige-politics, of adventurer-politics.\nFurther, we are not an institute for lengthening the life of dying\nStates.... Those half-States which owe their existence only to the aid\nof foreign weapons, money or knowledge, are hopelessly at the mercy of\nthe modern States.--_Leipziger Tageblatt_, 24th January, 1913.\nNIPPOLD, D.C., p. 51.\n\n219. The Ministry of Colonization must also arrange systematically for\nemigration to foreign countries.... The Government alone can, by the\nuncompromising (_ruecksichtslos_) employment of its methods of power,\nconclude treaties ... imposing on [the foreign countries] the\nconditions which it regards as desirable.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 207\n(1893).\n\n220. In this nineteenth century, when Germany has become the first\nPower in the world, are we incapable of doing what our ancestors did?\nGermany must lay her mighty grasp upon Asia Minor.--AMICUS PATRIAE,\nA.U.K., p. 15.\n\n221. The hostile arrogance of the Western Powers releases us from all\nour treaty obligations, throws open the doors of our verbal\nprison-house, and forces the German Empire, resolutely defending her\nvital rights, to revive the ancient Prussian policy of conquest. All\nMorocco in the hands of Germany; German cannon on the routes to Egypt\nand India; German troops on the Algerian frontier; this would be a\ngoal worthy of great sacrifices.--M. HARDEN, _Zukunft_, 29th July,\n1911.\n\n222. If we do not soon acquire new territory, a frightful catastrophe\nis inevitable. It signifies little whether it be in Brazil, in\nSiberia, in Anatolia or in South Africa.... To-day, as 2,000 years\nago, when the Cimbri and the Teutons beat at the gates of Rome, a cry\narises ... ever louder and louder, \"Give us land, give us new\nland!\"--A. WIRTH, V.U.W., p. 227.\n\n223. Thanks to our youthfulness and our capacity of development,\nthanks also to our military power, many things are possible: we can\ncreate a German nation which shall number 100,000,000 inhabitants, we\ncan become \"Europe,\" and dominate the seas into the bargain.--D.B.B.,\np. 211.\n\n223a. This Germany of ours was once the greatest of the Sea Powers,\nand, God willing, so she will be again.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol.\ni., p. 213.\n\n224. \"_Civis Germanicus sum--ich bin ein Deutscher!_\" As the free\nRoman, in his character of _Civis Romanus_, formerly ruled the world,\nso must every continental German of to-day, and of the future, rule\nthe world in his character of _Civis Germanicus_.--J.L. REIMER,\nE.P.D., p. 146.\n\n\n=Weltmacht (World-Dominion).=\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n225. _We want no world-dominion_.... It is unjust, and therefore\nun-German.--PROF. W. v. BLUME, D.D.M., p. 23.\n\n225a. Germany, as the preponderant Power in a Great-German League,\nwill with this war attain world-supremacy.--R. THEUDEN, W.M.K.B., p.\n13.\n\n226. We _want_ no hegemony, no world-dominion! Such ambitions mean\neverlasting war; whereas Germany sincerely desires peace, and the\ninfluence which shall enable her to establish it.--PROF. DR. R.\nJANNASCH, W.D.U.S., p. 22.\n\n226a. Formerly German thought was shut up in her corner, but now the\nworld shall have its coat cut according to German measure, and as far\nas our swords flash and German blood flows, the circle of the earth\nshall come under the tutelage of German activity.--\"World-Germany,\" by\nF. PHILIPPI, quoted in H.A.H., p. 43.\n\n227. We were contented within our boundaries. Not a single foot did we\nwant of the countries adjoining our frontiers. PROF. U. V.\nWILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. i., p. II.\n\n227a. Before everything, however, we must see to the provision of\nagricultural land! _We require more soil for settlement_.... And we\nrequire unsettled land for settlement. No alien fellow-citizens!--PROF.\nM. v. GRUBER, D.R.S.Z., No. 30, p. 27.\n\n228. With us shall right and morality, truth and faithfulness, win the\nfight against wrong and baseness, malice and falsehood. Through our\nsupremacy (_Vorherrschaft_), which we hope will be the outward result\nof this war, God will establish His dominion over the many-coloured\nthrong of the nations who stand against us.--\"War Devotions,\" by\nPASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 128.\n\n229. Not through a chaotic conflict of ideas, but only through unity\nof conviction, can a world-ruling Germany arise; and if Germany does\nnot rule the world (I do not mean through her power alone, but through\nher all-sided superiority and moral weight) then she will disappear\nfrom the map; it is a case of \"Either--or.\"--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, P.I.,\np. 39.\n\n230. Not one of our Pan-German leaders, whose plans are to-day being\nrealized on the battlefields, received honour or recognition at the\nhands of the German monarchs, for whose honour and glory we had\nsuffered and fought.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 6.\n\n231. If we set ourselves to multiply, as we did in the first five\nyears of this century, then the German people would in 1950 number 118\nmillions, and in the year 2000, 250 millions. Then we could face the\nfuture with considerably more confidence.--PROF. M. V. GRUBER,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 30, p. 25.\n\n232. Germany--of this I am convinced--may in less than two centuries\nsucceed in dominating (_beherrschen_) the whole globe (_Erdkugel_), in\npart directly and politically, in part indirectly, through language,\nmethods and Kultur, if only it can in time strike out a \"new course,\"\nand definitely break with Anglo-American methods of government, and\nwith the State-destroying ideals of the Revolution.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN,\nP.I., p. 88.\n\n233. If every representative, rising to the height of the great time\nin which he lives, will put away from him all pettiness of spirit ...\nwe shall be an unconquerable people, capable of ruling the\nworld.--C.L. POEHLMANN, G.D.W., p. 11.\n\n234. Where self-interest ends the real patriotism begins; and its\nmeasure is not the loud chest-note of conviction, but self-sacrificing,\nuntiring work in the service of the community, in order gradually to\nwin for the German nature (_Wesen_) the first place in the\nworld.--PROF. G.E. PAZAUREK, P.K.U.K., p. 5.\n\n235. Just such a systematic transformation of the world as Augustus\neffected, Germany must now undertake--but on how much nobler a\nplan!--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 42.\n\n235a. Germany will be the schoolmaster of all the world, as every\nGerman has a bit of the schoolmaster in him.--PROF. W. V. BLUME,\nD.D.M., p. 25.\n\n_Compare No. 82._\n\n236. The war must last until we have forced disarmament upon our\nenemies. There is a nursery rhyme which runs thus:--\n\n    Knife and scissors, fork and candle,\n    Little children must not handle.\n\nSince the enemy States behave so childishly as to misuse their arms,\nthey must be placed under tutelage. Moreover, our enemies have acted\nso dishonourably that it is only just that rights of citizenship\nshould be denied them.... When they can no longer bear arms, they\ncannot make any new disturbances.--O. SIEMENS, W.L.K.D., p. 47.\n\n237. We must establish ourselves firmly at Antwerp on the North Sea\nand at Riga on the Baltic.... At all events we must, at the conclusion\nof peace, demand _substantial expansions of the German Empire_. In\nthis our motive will not be the greed and covetousness of world-ruling\nEngland, nor the national vanity of _gloire_-seeking France, nor the\nchildish megalomania of Rome-mad Italy, nor the insatiable craving for\nexpansion of semi-barbarous Russia.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 122.\n\n238. We could not but say to ourselves, \"If once it comes to war with\nEngland, it will be difficult for us to get at her in her island. It\nwill be easier to strike at her in Egypt [which the writer elsewhere\ndescribes as the keystone of the arch of the British Empire]. But to\nthat end we require an alliance with the Turks.\" ... Therefore Germany\nsent officers to instruct the Turkish Army, therefore the Emperor went\nin 1898 to Constantinople and Jerusalem and made his famous speech as\nto the friendship between Germany and the Mohammedans. Therefore we\nbuilt the Bagdad Railway with German money.--P. ROHRBACH, W.W.R., p.\n12.\n\n239. _Noblesse oblige_.... The idea that we are the chosen people\nimposes on us heavy duties, and duties only.... We are not out to\nconquer the world. Have no fear, my dear neighbours, we will not\ndevour you.... Should it be necessary to increase our territory in\norder that the greater body of the people may have room to develop,\nthen in that case we shall take as much land as may appear to be\nnecessary. We will also plant our foot where it appears important on\nstrategic grounds that we should do so, in order to maintain our\nimpregnable strength. Thus, if our position of strength in the world\nwill gain by it, we will establish stations for our fleet, for\nexample, in Dover, Malta and Suez. Beyond this we will do nothing. We\nhave not the least desire to expand, for we have something more\nimportant to do.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H, p. 143.\n\n239a. We trust that the German Eagle, when with one wing he has\nscourged the barbarians back into Asia, and with the other has freed\nhimself from unworthy chains, will soar high over the oceans ... where\nhis wings can grow and he can stretch them according to his needs. And\nwe hope that this strong, united, purified Germany will be a fountain\nof rejuvenescence to the ageing Kultur of Europe.--PROF. G. ROETHE,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 1, p. 31.\n\n_See also Nos. 7, 84._\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[22] It is only right to state that the author urges this spirited\npolicy, not upon his countrymen alone, but upon the \"Germanoid\" races\nat large. The \"inefficient\" peoples whom he has specially in view are\nthe non-German populations of South America, whom he proposes to deport\nto \"reserves\" in Africa!\n\n[23] The author has previously defined two grades of denationalization.\nThe second or weaker grade includes the substitution of German for the\nnational language. For the diabolical means by which he proposes to\nsecure the extinction of \"undesired and enslaved races,\" see E.P.D., p.\n159.\n\n[24] That is, until the original landowners are forcibly expropriated.\n\n[25] It is not quite clear what the Professor means by\n\"colonization\"--but it does not greatly matter.\n\n\n\n\nIII\n\nWAR-WORSHIP\n\n\n\n\nIII\n\nWAR-WORSHIP\n\n\n=The Lust of Battle.=\n\n(BEFORE THE WAR.)\n\n240. How often, in such a charge [during manoeuvres] has my ear caught\nthe yearning cry of a comrade tearing along beside me: \"Donnerwetter,\nif this were only the real thing!\" (_wenn das doch Ernst\nwaere_).--KRONPRINZ WILHELM, D.I.W., Chapter II.\n\n240a. When the Gordian knot is ready to be cut, God sends the\nAlexander! Does not the Crown Prince William's confession of his\nbelief in courage as the highest flower of the human spirit, in his\nbook \"Deutschland in Waffen,\" sound like an answer to the longing that\nthrills through our whole people?--_Deutsche Tageszeitung_, 5th May,\n1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 34.\n\n241. In philosophic form, the idea of the beneficence of war may be\ntraced back to the saying of Heraclitus, \"_polemos pater panton_\" [war\nis the father of everything].... War is held to be a divine\ninstitution, a law of the universe, present in all nature; not for\nnothing do the Indians worship Siva the Destroyer; the warrior is\nfilled with the enthusiasm of destruction; wars purify the atmosphere\nlike thunderstorms....[26] We may here refer to H. Leo's phrase as to\nthe \"fresh and joyous war that shall sweep away the scrofulous rabble\"\n[_vom \"frischen und froehlichen Krieg, der das skrofuloese Gesindel\nwegfegen soll.\"_].--J. BURCKHARDT, W.B., p. 163.\n\n242. The Kaiser may have thought that war was not necessary ...\nbecause every year of peace increased the power of the Empire, and\nbecause the German hegemony in Europe was safe enough without shedding\na drop of blood. To this one may reply that the noblest weapon rusts\nif its use is too long restricted to reviews and parades ... and that\nevery ascent to a higher mental Kultur impairs the barbaric energy of\nwarriors, and encumbers them with scruples which damp their joyous\ncourage.--M. HARDEN, _Zukunft_, 19th August, 1911.\n\n\n=War and Religion.=\n\n243. It is no mere chance that the earliest piece of poetry, the\noldest three distiches of the Old Testament, the Song of Lamech, is a\nsong of triumph over the invention of the sword. (Genesis, iv., 23):--\n\n    Ada and Zillah hear my voice;\n    Ye wives of Lamech hearken unto my speech:\n    For I have slain a man for wounding me,\n    And a young man for bruising me:\n    If Cain shall be avenged sevenfold,\n    Truly Lamech seventy and sevenfold.\n\n--E. v. LASAULX, P.G., p. 85.\n\n244. Perpetual peace is a dream, and it is not even a beautiful dream:\nwar forms part of the eternal order instituted by God.... Without war\nhumanity would sink into materialism.--COUNT V. MOLTKE, letter to\nBluntschli, 11th December, 1880.\n\n245. To appeal from this judgment to Christianity would be sheer\nperversity, for does not the Bible distinctly say that the ruler shall\nrule by the sword, and, again, that greater love hath no man than to\nlay down his life for his friend?--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p.\n67.\n\n245a. But it is not worth while to speak further of these matters, for\nGod above us will see to it that war shall always recur, as a drastic\nmedicine for ailing humanity.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 69.\n\n246. Christian morality is based, indeed, on the law of love. \"Love\nGod above all things, and thy neighbour as thyself.\" This law can\nclaim no significance for the relations of one country to another,\nsince its application to politics would lead to a conflict of\nduties.... Christ himself said: \"I am not come to send peace on earth,\nbut a sword.\" His teaching can never be adduced as an argument against\nthe universal law of struggle. There never was a religion which was\nmore combative than Christianity.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 29.\n\n247. When here on earth a battle is won by German arms and the\nfaithful dead ascend to Heaven, a Potsdam lance-corporal will call the\nguard to the door, and \"old Fritz,\" springing from his golden throne,\nwill give the command to present arms. That is the Heaven of Young\nGermany.--_Weekly Paper for Young Germany_, January 25, 1913.\n\n_Compare \"God and the old Kaiser\" No. 97._\n\n\n=War and Ethics.=\n\n248. Nothing is more immoral than to consider and talk of war as an\nimmoral thing. \"War is the mother of all good things\" (Empedocles)....\nAnd there is nothing more moral than the collective egoism, the\nself-conserving instinct, of nations.--PROF. E. HASSE, Z.D.V., p. 127.\n\n248a. The idea of war is the child of _healthy egoism_, which is\nhonest to the marrow of its bones, is ashamed of nothing in\nNature.... but is the basis of all Kultur, of all morality.--K.\nWAGNER, K.\n\n249. We must therefore reckon with war as a necessary factor towards\nhigher development.... A people really learns to know its full\nnational strength only in war ... only then, indeed, does its full\nstrength come into existence.--J. BURCKHARDT, W.B., p. 162.\n\n249a. War makes room for the competent at the expense of the unsound.\nWar is the source of all good growth. Without war the development of\nnations is impossible--K. WAGNER, K., p. 183.\n\n250. The sight of blood and wounds steels the nerves of the soul, the\nhorrors of war stimulate the spirits, so that instead of the falsehood\nand cowardice of enervation, the old heroic virtues are restored ...\nfear of God, martial bravery, obedience, up-rightness of mind,\nconstancy, truth ... manlike courage, manly pity, and all that is\ngreat and good in humanity.--E. v. LASAULX, P.G., p. 86.\n\n_Compare Nos. 254, 311._\n\n251. The brutal incidents inseparable from every war vanish completely\nbefore the idealism of the main result.... Strength, truth and honour\ncome to the front and are brought in to play.--GENERAL V. BERNHARDI,\nG.N.W., p. 27.\n\n252. War is the most august and sacred of human activities.... For us,\ntoo, the great, joyful hour of battle will one day strike.... The\nopenly expressed longing for war often degenerates into vain boasting\nand ludicrous sabre-rattling. But still and deep in the German heart\nmust the joy in war and the longing for war endure.--OTTO VON\nGOTTBERG, in _Weekly Paper for the Youth of Germany_, 25th January,\n1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 1.\n\n253. Life as the most necessary medium of Kultur--that is the ground\non which the modern apostles of peace take their stand.... But our\nGerman morality makes short work of all such rubbish. It says with\nMoltke: \"Eternal peace is only a dream, _and not even a beautiful\ndream_!\" No, certainly not beautiful, for a peace which could no\nlonger look forward to war as the issue even of the worst\ncomplications would poison and rot away our inmost heart, until we\nbecame loathsome to ourselves.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 157 (1893).\n\n254. Whosoever has crossed a great battlefield and has shuddered in\nthe depths of his soul at all the horrors confronting him, will have\nfound new strength and exaltation in the thought that here the whole\ntragic gravity of military necessity is regnant, and here a\njustifiable passion has done its work.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R.,\nXIV., p. 84.\n\n255. The appeal to arms will be valid until the end of history, and\ntherein lies the sacredness of war.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p.\n29.\n\n_See also No. 314._\n\n\n=War and Biology.=\n\n256. We children of the future ... do not by any means think it\ndesirable that the kingdom of righteousness and peace should be\nestablished on the earth.... We rejoice in all men who, like\nourselves, love danger, war and adventure ... we count ourselves among\nthe conquerors; we ponder over the need of a new order of things, even\nof a new slavery--for every strengthening and elevation of the type\n\"man\" also involves a new form of slavery.--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W.,\nsection 377.\n\n257. Unless we choose to shut our eyes to the necessity of evolution,\nwe must recognize the necessity of war. We must accept war, which will\nlast as long as development and existence; we must accept eternal\nwar.--K. WAGNER, K., p. 153.\n\n258. \"War is the father of everything,\" says Heraclitus. It will be\nthe father of the new German race of the future.--PROF. E. HASSE,\nZ.D.V., p. 126.\n\n259. The efforts directed towards the abolition of war must not only\nbe termed foolish, but absolutely _immoral_, and must be _stigmatized\nas unworthy of the human race_.... The weak nation is to have the same\nright to live as the powerful and vigorous nation! The whole idea\nrepresents a presumptuous encroachment on the natural laws of\ndevelopment.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 34.\n\n260. It is proved beyond all shadow of doubt that regular war (_der\nregelrechte Krieg_) is, not only from the biological and true kultural\nstandpoint, the best and noblest form of the struggle for existence,\nbut also, from time to time, an absolute necessity for the maintenance\nof the State and society.--DR. SCHMIDT, of Gibichenfels, at meeting of\nPan-German League, Berlin, October, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 73.\n\n261. War is a biological necessity of the first importance, a\nregulative element in the life of mankind which cannot be dispensed\nwith.... \"War is the father of all things.\" The sages of antiquity,\nlong before Darwin, recognized this.... \"To supplant or to be\nsupplanted is the essence of life,\" says Goethe, \"and the strong life\ngains the upper hand.\"--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 18.\n\n_See also No. 386._\n\n\n=War and Kultur.=\n\n262. It is nothing but fanaticism to expect very much from humanity\nwhen it has forgotten how to wage war. For the present we know of no\nother means whereby the rough energy of the camp, the deep impersonal\nhatred, the cold-bloodedness of murder with a good conscience, the\ngeneral ardour of the system in the destruction of the enemy ... can\nbe as forcibly and certainly communicated to enervated nations as is\ndone by every great war. Kultur can by no means dispense with\npassions, vices and malignities.--FR. NIETZSCHE, H.T.H., section 477.\n\n263. It is here demonstrated with rare cogency and conclusiveness that\nwar is not only a factor, but the main factor, in true, genuine\nKultur--not only its creator but its preserver.... Although the author\nthus recognizes war as an element in the divine world-order, he by no\nmeans ignores the blessings of peace, as the second factor in true,\ngenuine Kultur, in a certain measure complementary to war.--_Berliner\nneueste Nachrichten_, 24th December, 1912, in review of _Der Krieg als\nKulturfaktor_, by DR. SCHMIDT, of Gibichenfels. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 20.\n\n264. No sooner are airships invented than the General Staffs set to\nwork to devise methods of applying them to destruction.... Thus every\nachievement of \"Kultur\"[27] and of the human intelligence is only a\nmeans to more barbarous processes of war: and yet the pacifists see in\nthe progress of the human intelligence a guarantee of world-peace!--L.\nGUMPLOWICZ, S.I.U., p. 161.\n\n265. I must first of all examine the aspirations for peace, which seem\nto dominate our age and threaten to poison the soul of the German\npeople.... I must try to prove that war is not merely a necessary\nelement in the life of nations, but an indispensable factor of Kultur,\nin which a truly civilized nation finds the highest expression of\nstrength and vitality.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 14.\n\n266. If the Twilight of the Gods that has now so long brooded over\nthe European race and Kultur is at last to vanish before the light\nof morning, then we Germans in particular must no longer see in war\nour destroyer ... but must recognize in it our healer, our\nphysician.--_Taegliche Rundschau_, 12th November, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C.,\np. 23.\n\n267. Our own country, by employing its military powers, has attained a\ndegree of Kultur which it never could have reached by the methods of\npeaceful development.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 119.\n\n268. War is to us only a means, but the state of preparation for war\nis more than a means, it is an end.--PROF. E. HASSE, Z.D.V., p. 126.\n\n_See also Nos. 84, 91._\n\n\n=Blood and Iron.=\n\n269. The time for petty politics is past; the next century[28] will\nbring the struggle for the dominion of the world--the _compulsion_ to\ngreat politics.--FR. NIETZSCHE, B.G.E., section 208.\n\n270. I greet all the signs indicating that a more manly and warlike\nage is commencing, which will, above all, bring heroism again into\nhonour!--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W., section 283.\n\n271. General Keim from Berlin insisted that the path to German unity\nand power was not paved with sealing-wax, printers' ink and\nparliamentary resolutions, but marked by blood, wounds and deeds of\narms. States could be maintained only by the means by which they were\ncreated.--At meeting of Pan-German League, Augsburg, September, 1912.\nNIPPOLD, D.C., p. 72.\n\n272. It is only since the last war [1870] that a sounder theory has\narisen of the State and its military power. Without war no State could\nbe.... War, therefore will endure to the end of history, so long as\nthere is multiplicity of States.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p.\n65.\n\n273. We owe it to Napoleon ... that several warlike centuries, which\nhave not had their like in past history, may now follow one\nanother--in short, that we have entered upon _the classical age of\nwar_, war at the same time scientific and popular, on the grandest\nscale (as regards means, talents and discipline) to which all coming\nmillenniums will look back with envy and awe as a work of\nperfection--for the national movement out of which this martial glory\nsprings, is only the counter-_choc_ against Napoleon, and would not\nhave existed without him. To him, consequently, one will one day be\nable to attribute the fact that man in Europe has again got the upper\nhand of the merchant and the Philistine.--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W., section\n362.\n\n274. What men tower highest in the history of the nation, whom does\nthe German heart cherish with the most ardent love? Goethe? Schiller?\nWagner? Marx? Oh, no--but Barbarossa, the great Frederick, Bluecher,\nMoltke, Bismarck, the hard men of blood. It is to them, who offered\nup thousands of lives, that the soul of the people goes out with\ntenderest affection, with positively adoring gratitude. Because they\ndid what now we ought to do.... Our holiest raptures of homage are\npaid to these Titans of the Blood-Deed.--DR. W. FUCHS, in article on\n\"Psychiatrie and Politics,\" in _Die Post_, 28th January, 1912.\nNIPPOLD, D.C., p. 2.\n\n275. I must assert with emphasis that the cardinal sin of our whole\npolicy has hitherto been that we have lost sight of the eternal truth:\nPOLITICS MEAN THE WILL TO POWER.... The history of the world teaches\nus that only those people have strongly asserted themselves who have\nwithout hesitation placed the Will to Power higher than the Will to\nPeace.--GENERAL KEIM, at meeting of Central Committee of Pan-German\nLeague, Munich, April, 1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 77.\n\n276. This nation possesses an excess of vigour, enterprise, idealism,\nand spiritual energy which qualifies it for the highest place; but a\nmalignant fairy laid on its cradle the most petty theoretical\ndogmatism.... Yet the heart of this people can always be won for great\nand noble aims, even though such aims can only be attended by\ndanger.... An intense longing for a foremost place among the Powers\nand for manly action fills our nation. Every vigorous utterance, every\nbold political step of the Government, finds in the soul of the people\na deeply-felt echo, and loosens the bonds which fetter all their\nforces.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 256.\n\n277. War does not depend on the human will, but is for the most part\nan ineluctable, elementary happening, a daemonic power forcing itself\nupon us, against which all written treaties, all peace conferences and\nhumanitarian agitations, come pitifully to wreck.--GENERAL KEIM, at\nmeeting of the German Defence League, Cassel, February, 1913. NIPPOLD,\nD.C., p. 82.\n\n\n=War Necessary to Germany.=\n\n278. If the health and life of Germany require this mortal and\nterrible remedy [war], _let us not hesitate to apply it_, so be it!\nGod is the Judge. I accept the awful responsibility.... God never\nforsakes a good German.--\"AMICUS PATRIAE,\" A.U.K., p. 15.\n\n278a. Whoever loves his people and wishes to hasten the crisis of the\npresent sickness, must yearn for war as the awakener of all that is\ngood, healthy and strong in the nation.--D. FRYMANN, W.I.K.W., p. 53.\n\n279. The duties and obligations of the German people ... cannot be\nfulfilled without drawing the sword.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p.\n15.\n\n280. It is for social as much as for national and political reasons\nthat we must fix our minds incessantly upon war; may the first ten or\ntwenty years of the twentieth century bring it to us, for we have need\nof it!--D.B.B., p. 191.\n\n281. It must be regarded as a quite unthinkable proposition that an\nagreement between France and Germany can be negotiated before the\nquestion between them has been once more decided by arms.--GENERAL V.\nBERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 91.\n\n282. In one way or another _we must square our account with France_ if\nwe wish for a free hand in our international policy.... France must be\nso completely crushed that she can never again come across our\npath.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 105.\n\n283. A pacific agreement with England is a will-o'-the-wisp which no\nserious German statesman would trouble to follow. We must always keep\nthe possibility of war with England before our eyes, and arrange our\npolitical and military plans accordingly.--GENERAL V. BERNHARDI,\nG.N.W., p. 99.\n\n284. Since the struggle is, as appears on a thorough investigation of\nthe international question, necessary and inevitable, we must fight it\nout, cost what it may.... We have fought in the last great wars for\nour national union and our position among the Powers of _Europe_; we\nmust now decide whether we wish to develop into and maintain a _World\nEmpire_, and procure for German spirit and German ideas that fit\nrecognition which has been hitherto withheld from them.--GENERAL V.\nBERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 103.\n\n285. If we wish to compete further with them [the other Powers] a\npolicy which our population and our civilization both entitle and\ncompel us to adopt, we must not hold back in the hard struggle for the\nsovereignty of the world.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 79.\n\n285a. All that other nations attained in centuries of natural\ndevelopment--political union, colonial possessions, naval power,\ninternational trade--was denied to our nation until quite recently.\nWhat we now wish to attain must be _fought for_, and won, against a\nsuperior force of hostile interests and powers.--GENERAL V. BERNHARDI,\nG.N.W., p. 84.\n\n286. Since almost every part of the globe is inhabited, new territory\nmust, as a rule, be obtained at the cost of its possessors--that is to\nsay, by conquest, which thus becomes a law of necessity.--GENERAL v.\nBERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 21.\n\n287. Success is necessary to gain influence over the masses, and this\ninfluence can only be obtained by continually appealing to the\nnational imagination and enlisting its interest in great universal\nideas and great national ambitions.... We Germans have a far greater\nand more urgent duty towards civilization to perform than the Great\nAsiatic Power. We, like the Japanese, can only fulfil it by the\nsword.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 258.\n\n\n=War need not be Defensive.=\n\n288. Ye say it is the good cause which halloweth even war? I say unto\nyou, it is the good war which halloweth every cause.--FR. NIETZSCHE,\nZ., \"War and Warriors.\"\n\n289. We must not think merely of external foes who compel us to fight.\nA war may seem to be forced upon a statesman by the condition of home\naffairs, or by the pressure of the whole political situation.--GENERAL\nv. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 38.\n\n290. The moral duty of the State towards its citizens is to begin the\nstruggle while the prospects of success and the political\ncircumstances are still tolerably favourable. When, on the other hand,\nthe hostile States are weakened or hampered by affairs at home and\nabroad, but its own warlike strength shows elements of superiority, it\nis imperative to use the favourable circumstances to promote its own\npolitical aims.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 53.\n\n291. The lessons of history confirm the view that wars which have been\ndeliberately provoked by far-seeing statesmen have had the happiest\nresults.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 45.\n\n_See also No. 382._\n\n\n=Contempt for Peace.=\n\n292. Ye shall love peace as a means to new wars--and the short peace\nmore than the long.--FR. NIETZSCHE, Z., \"War and Warriors.\"\n\n292a. Only over the black gate of the cemetery ... can we read the\nwords, \"Eternal peace for all peoples.\" For peoples who live and\nstrive, the only maxim and motto must be Eternal War.--K. WAGNER, K.,\np. 217.\n\n293. The reception of the Tsar's [Peace] Manifesto was anything but\nfriendly.... The learned world, also, was for the most part hostile to\nthe idea underlying the Manifesto, and such a man as Mommsen could\neven, amid great applause, characterize the proposed Conference as \"a\nmisprint in world-history.\"--A.H. FRIED, H.D.F., Vol. I., p. 205.\n\n294. The German who loves his people, and believes in the greatness\nand the future of our home ... must not let himself be lazily sung to\nsleep by the peace-lullabies of the Utopians.--KRONPRINZ WILHELM,\nD.I.W., Chapter I.\n\n295. A long peace not only leads to enervation, but allows of the\nexistence of a multitude of pitiful, trembling miserable-creatures\n[_Notexistenzen_] ... who cling fast to life with loud cries about\ntheir \"right\" to exist, block the way for real strength, make the air\nfoetid, and altogether defile the blood of the nation. War brings\nreal strength into honour again.--J. BURCKHARDT, W.B., p. 164.\n\n296. Let us laugh with all our lungs at the old women in trousers who\nare afraid of war, and therefore complain that it is cruel and\nhideous. No, war is beautiful. Its august grandeur elevates the heart\nof man high above all that is commonplace and earthly.--O. V.\nGOTTBERG, in _Weekly Paper for the Youth of Germany_, 25th January,\n1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 2.\n\n297. Efforts to secure peace are extraordinarily detrimental to the\nnational health so soon as they influence politics.--GENERAL V.\nBERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 28.\n\n298. People are too much given to sentimental maunderings. To what\npractical end had the vaunted Hague Peace Meetings led? The 100,000\nmarks spent on the Peace Palace would much better have been devoted to\nthe support of needy veterans.--GENERAL KEIM, at meeting of the German\nDefence League, Cassel, February, 1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 82.\n\n299. The worst of hypocrisies is the participation by Germany in the\nHague Conference.... We should do better to leave that farce to those\nwho, for centuries, have made of hypocrisy an industry and a\nhabit.--PROF. E. HASSE, Z.D.V., p. 132.\n\n300. We can, fortunately, assert the impossibility of these efforts\nafter peace ever attaining their ultimate object in a world bristling\nwith arms, where a healthy egoism still directs the policy of most\ncountries.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 36.\n\n301. The so-called world-peace is not order, but chaos. It means in\nthe first place the forcible dominion of capitalists and the\nproletariat [!] over the productive powers of the nations, and lastly,\nin the struggle of all against all, a return to those prehistoric\nconditions out of which, in the opinion of our \"cosmopolitans,\" all\nour culture took its rise.--_Der Reichsbote_, 14th March, 1913.\nNIPPOLD, D.C., p. 26.\n\n302. A people of parasites like the Jews strives, with all the\ninstincts of its craving for power and for wealth, towards the\nabolition of war, for if that could be effected its work of\ndisintegrating the living bodies of the nations could go on\nunhindered.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 158 (1893).\n\n303. As for the whinings of M. de Bloch and Frau v. Suttner with\nregard to the horrors of modern war, they are imbecilities to which we\ncan make a statistical answer. Statistics prove that two years of\npeace cost Germany more violent deaths (suicides, accidents, murders)\nthan the whole war of 1870-71 cost us--that war without\nparallel.[29]--D.B.B., p. 206.\n\n304. Sentimental maunderings about humanity and peace were bringing us\nface to face with the danger that cosmopolitanism might overshadow\nGermanism, and that the Nobel Prize might actually be offered to our\nKaiser.--EXCELLENZ v. WROCHEM, at meeting of Pan-German League,\nAugsburg, September, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 72.\n\n_See also Nos. 217, 244, 253, 314, 316, 317, 319._\n\n\n=Militarism Exultant.=\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n305. I have lived for forty-five years mainly in the society of\nGermans, and thirty years exclusively in German countries ... and my\ntestimony is this: _in the whole of Germany there has not been for the\npast forty-three years a single man who has wished for war--not one_.\nWhoever denies this, lies.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 11.\n\n305a. It is only in war that we find the action of true heroism, the\nrealization of which on earth is the care of militarism. That is why\nwar appears to us, who are filled with militarism, as in itself a holy\nthing, as the holiest thing on earth.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p.\n88.\n\n306. Every age requires its war, lest civilization stagnate.--O.A.H.\nSCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 116.\n\n307.\n\n    Bestir you, my comrades! To horse, to horse!\n    And away to the field and to freedom....[30]\n\nTruly a splendid song. It thrills through all our muscles, and makes\nus feel as though we ourselves would like once more to take our share\nin a joyous fight.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, pt. I., p. 4.\n\n_Compare No. 241._\n\n308. Anti-militarism was enraptured. What we had laboriously built up\nthrough the cultivation of the warlike spirit sank to ruins.... God be\neternally praised! The great masses of the people would have nothing\nto say to these doctrines of the evil of war.... It appeared as clear\nas daylight that we had always been right, and that the warlike\nspirit, that deepest and purest joy of the great heart of our people,\nwas unshaken and unchanged. The warlike spirit, the love of war and\nthe craving for battle, was no imaginary characteristic of our\npeople--no, and a thousand times no!--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 7.\n\n309. The tempest of patriotic exaltation is sweeping through the\nGerman land, and Treitschke's solemn pronouncement as to war being a\nfountain of health for the people has all of a sudden risen into\nrenewed estimation. The war has swept the tedious patience-game of the\ndiplomats off the table and set the brazen dice of the battlefield\nrolling in its stead.--F. v. LISZT, E.M.S., \"Geleitwort,\" p. 1.\n\n310. Our long years of peace, full of honest, but, alas! also of\ndishonest, work, had brought us no blessing. We breathed again when\nthe war came.--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., p. 61.\n\n311. Over the blood of the fallen glows the flame of poetic\nenthusiasm. A war without dead and wounded is a life without work,\nwithout aim and without hope.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 7.\n\n_Compare Nos. 250, 254._\n\n312. When the summons to war rang out, in thousands and thousands of\nfamilies people searched the Holy Scriptures, to know what was God's\nmessage for the event of war; and the dear Bible-Book, which never\nleaves us in the lurch, brought to the searcher strength, counsel and\nconsolation. The Old Testament, under-valued by many, now became, all\nof a sudden, the book for everyday reading.--PASTOR M. HENNIG,\nD.K.U.W., p. 5.\n\n313. The order in which the nations take rank cannot be determined in\ntime of peace, by standards of reason, not only because the majority\nof overfed ruminants would always keep the Lion encaged, but because\nonly in war can the Lion prove his lionlikeness to others, and--what\nis still more important--to himself.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 3.\n\n314. [Materialism and millionairism were playing havoc in Germany.] At\nlast the spectre of materialism penetrated into the palaces of the\ndynastic leaders of our people, and from that day began the preaching\nof the blessings of everlasting peace. At the same time there began a\nhateful campaign of slander against all true patriots, against all\nethical champions of war (_Ethiker des Krieges_.)--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W.,\np. 6.\n\n315. The laurels of this bloodless victory [the victory of the war\nspirit] belong to that part of the German teaching profession which\nhas remained true to its patriotic duties!--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 8.\n\n316. Though clever writers sometimes speak of the Kaiser's romantic\nproclivities, his earnest searching of the Scriptures has brought him\nto such a sober way of thinking that he has steered clear of all\nUtopias, and has not allowed himself to be led astray by the empty\ndreams of pacifist enthusiasm.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 16.\n\n317. We have no knowledge of pacifist utterances of representative\nGermans of any time. The wretched book of the aged Kant, on \"Perpetual\nPeace\" ... is the only inglorious exception. Such utterances would\nindeed amount to a sin against the holy spirit of Germanism, which,\nfrom the depths of its heroism, cannot possibly arrive at any view\nother than a high appreciation of war.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p.\n93.\n\n318. One or other of the English swashbucklers has recently said that\nthe Allies are not fighting against the Germany of Beethoven and\nGoethe, but against the Germany of Bismarck, of which they have had\ntoo much.... But Faust and the Ninth Symphony strongly resemble the\nmighty works of the great artsmith, Bismarck.--K. ENGELBRECHT,\nD.D.D.K., p. 61.\n\n319. How far our classic age ... was removed from a depreciation and\nrejection of war is shown by the attitude assumed by a spirit so\npathetically calm and aloof as Jean Paul, who nevertheless called war\nthe strengthening iron cure of humanity, and maintained, indeed, that\nthis held good more for the side which suffers than for that which\nwins. The fever caused by the wounds of war was, in his opinion,\nbetter than the jail fever of a loathsome peace.--PROF. W. SOMBART,\nH.U.H., p. 94.\n\n320. It is monstrous that even high spiritual dignitaries can be\nfound, in our days, to tell their adherents that war is a misfortune,\nand that such utterances can actually be printed by the official\npress.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 7.\n\n321. Just imagine our humanity of to-day--I mean, of course, our\nGerman humanity--without its military education. Non-German humanity\ngives us some idea of what that would mean!--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K.,\np. 60.\n\n322. If we are to carry on the warlike education of our people--and we\nare resolved to do so--then we by that very fact affirm our constant\nreadiness again to enter upon a war, as soon as our honour, our inward\nor outward growth, or the expansive tendencies rooted in the inmost\nnature of our people, demand it.--PASTOR D. BAUMGARTEN, D.R.S.Z., No.\n24, p. 17.\n\n323. The incomparably greater efficiency of army administration, even\nin questions of civil life, has everywhere made a deep impression\nduring the present war, and has opened the eyes of many. One has\nconstantly heard people exclaim: \"Oh, it could only continue after the\nwar!\"--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, P.I., p. 116.\n\n324. Oh, that Germany would learn from this war to send out soldiers\nonly--Generals and ex-officers of the General Staff--as German\ndiplomatists, ambassadors and consuls!--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 17.\n\n325. We must not look for permanent peace as a result of this war.\nHeaven defend Germany from that.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 19.\n\n_See also Nos. 91, 192a, 195, 217._\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[26] Down to this point Burckhardt is condensing a paragraph from Ernst\nv. Lasaulx, \"Philosophie der Geschichte,\" 1856 p. 85.\n\n[27] Quoted in original.\n\n[28] Written in 1885.\n\n[29] Klaus Wagner (_Krieg_, p. 223) has a long statistical argument to\nthe same effect. He says that 41,000 men lost their lives in 1870-71,\nand estimates on this basis that, in a repetition of that war, the\nGermany of his own time (1906) would lose only one man in every 1,600\nof her population. The confident assumption that the next war could be\nnothing but 1870 over again underlies all German speculation on the\nsubject.\n\n[30] From Schiller's _Wallensteins Lager_.\n\n\n\n\nIV\n\nRUTHLESSNESS\n\n\n\n\nIV\n\nRUTHLESSNESS\n\n\n(BEFORE THE WAR.)\n\n326. War is an act of violence whose object is to constrain the enemy,\nto accomplish our will.... Insignificant limitations, hardly worthy of\nmention, which it imposes on itself, under the name of the law of\nnations, accompany this violence without notably enfeebling\nit.--GENERAL C v. CLAUSEWITZ, V.K., Vol. i., p. 4.\n\n327. I warn you against pity: from it will one day arise a heavy cloud\nfor men. Verily, I am weatherwise!--FR. NIETZSCHE, Z. _Of the\nPitiful._\n\n328. The Germans let the primitive Prussian tribes decide whether they\nshould be put to the sword or thoroughly Germanized. Cruel as these\nprocesses of transformation may be, they are a blessing for humanity.\nIt makes for health that the nobler race should absorb the inferior\nstock.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i, p. 121.\n\n329. Much that is dreadful and inhuman in history, much that one\nhardly likes to believe, is mitigated by the reflection that the one\nwho commands and the one who carries out are different persons--the\nformer does not behold the sight, therefore does not experience the\nstrong impression on the imagination; the latter obeys a superior and\ntherefore feels no responsibility.--FR. NIETZSCHE, H.T.H., section\n101.\n\n330. The warrior has need of passion. It must not ... be regarded as a\nnecessary evil; nor condemned as a regrettable consequence of physical\ncontact; nor must we seek to restrain it and curb it as a savage and\nbrutal force.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R., Vol. XIII., p. 122.\n\n331. One must ... resist all sentimental weakness: life is _in its\nessence_ appropriation, injury, the overpowering of whatever is\nforeign to us and weaker than ourselves, suppression, hardness, the\nforcing upon others of our own forms, the incorporation of others,\nor, at the very least and mildest, their exploitation.--FR. NIETZSCHE,\nB.G.E., section 259.\n\n332. We may depend upon the re-Germanizing of Alsace, but not of\nLivonia and Kurland. There no other course is open to us but to keep\nthe subject race in as uncivilized a condition as possible, and thus\nprevent them from becoming a danger to their handful of\nconquerors.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i, p. 122.\n\n333. A morality of the ruling class [has for] its principle that one\nhas duties only to one's equals; that one may act towards beings of a\nlower rank, towards all that is foreign, just as seems good to one ...\nand in any case \"beyond good and evil.\"--FR. NIETZSCHE, B.G.E.,\nsection 260.\n\n334. The \"argument of war\" permits every belligerent State to have\nrecourse to all means which enable it to attain the object of the war;\nstill, practice has taught the advisability of allowing in one's own\ninterest the introduction of a limitation in the use of certain\nmethods of war, and a total renunciation of the use of others.... If\nin the following work the expression \"the law of war\" is used, it must\nbe understood that by it is meant only ... a limitation of arbitrary\nbehaviour which custom and conventionality, human friendliness and a\ncalculating egoism have erected, but for the observance of which there\nexists no express sanction, but only \"the fear of reprisals\"\ndecides.--G.W.B., pp. 52, 53.\n\n335. A new type of philosophers and commanders will some time or other\nbe needed, at the very idea of which everything that has existed in\nthe way of occult, terrible and benevolent [!] beings might look pale\nand dwarfed. The image of such leaders hovers before our eyes.... The\nconditions which one would have partly to create and partly to utilize\nfor their genesis [include] a transvaluation of values, under the new\npressure and hammer of which a conscience should be steeled and a\nheart transformed to brass, so as to bear the weight of such\nresponsibility.--FR. NIETZSCHE, B.G.E., section 203.\n\n336. Since the tendency of thought of the last century was dominated\nessentially by humanitarian considerations which not infrequently\ndegenerated into sentimentality and weak emotionalism, there have not\nbeen wanting attempts to influence the development of the usages of\nwar in a way which was in fundamental contradiction with the nature of\nwar and its object. Attempts of this kind will also not be wanting in\nthe future, the more so as these agitations have found a kind of moral\nrecognition in some provisions of the Geneva Convention and the\nBrussels and Hague Conferences.... The danger can only be met by a\nthorough study of war itself. By steeping himself in military history\nan officer will be able to guard himself against excessive\nhumanitarian notions, it will teach him that certain severities are\nindispensable to war, nay, more, that the only true humanity very\noften lies in a ruthless application of them.--G.W.B., pp. 54, 55.\n\n337. Those very men who are so strictly kept within bounds by good\nmanners ... who, in their behaviour to one another, show themselves so\ninventive in consideration, self-control, delicacy, loyalty, pride and\nfriendship--those very men are to the outside world, to things foreign\nand to foreign countries, little better than so many uncaged beasts of\nprey. Here they enjoy liberty from all social restraint ... and become\nrejoicing monsters, who perhaps go on their way, after a hideous\nsequence of murder, conflagration, violation, torture, with as much\ngaiety and equanimity as if they had merely taken part in some student\ngambols.... Deep in the nature of all these noble races there lurks\nunmistakably the beast of prey, the _blond beast_, lustfully roving in\nsearch of booty and victory.--FR. NIETZSCHE, G.M., i., II.\n\n338. However much it may ruffle human feeling to compel a man to do\nharm to his own Fatherland, and indirectly to fight his own troops,\nnone the less no army operating in an enemy's country will altogether\nrenounce this expedient.--G.W.B., p. 117.\n\n339. A still more severe measure is the compulsion of the inhabitants\nto furnish information about their own army, its strategy, its\nresources, and its military secrets. The majority of writers of all\nnations are unanimous in their condemnation of this measure.\nNevertheless it cannot be entirely dispensed with; doubtless it will\nbe applied with regret, but the argument of war will frequently make\nit necessary.--G.W.B., p. 118.\n\n340. That the lambs should bear a grudge against the great birds of\nprey is in no way surprising; but that is no reason why we should\nblame the great birds of prey for picking up the lambs.... To demand\nof strength that it should _not_ manifest itself as strength, that it\nshould _not_ be a will for overcoming, for overthrowing, for mastery,\na thirst for enemies, for struggles and triumphs, is as absurd as to\ndemand of weakness that it should manifest itself as strength.--FR.\nNIETZSCHE, G.M., i., 13.\n\n341. It is a gratuitous illusion to suppose that modern war does not\ndemand far more brutality, far more violence, and an action far more\ngeneral than was formerly the case.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R., Vol.\nxiv., p. 89.\n\n342. The enemy State must not be spared the want and wretchedness of\nwar; these are particularly useful in shattering its energy and\nsubduing its will.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R., Vol. xiii., p. 459.\n\n343. We ... believe that [man's] Will to Life had to be intensified\ninto unconditional Will to Power; we hold that hardness, violence,\nslavery, danger in the street and in the heart, secrecy, stoicism,\narts of temptation and devilry of all kinds; that everything evil,\nterrible, tyrannical, wild-beast-like and serpent-like in man\ncontributes to the elevation of the species just as much as its\nopposite--and in saying this we do not even say enough.--FR.\nNIETZSCHE, B.G.E., section 44.\n\n344. Even if there were no question of vengeance, even if we were not\ndemanding reparation for ancient wrongs ... the crime (_Frevel_) of\nopposing the development of Germany is so great that the most\ntrenchant measures are scarcely a sufficient punishment for\nit!--D.B.B., p. 214.\n\n345. Whoever enters upon a war in future, will do well to look only to\nhis own interests, and pay no heed to any so-called international law.\nHe will do well to act without consideration and without scruple, and\nthis holds good in the case of a war with England.[31]--D.B.B., p.\n214.\n\n346. Hatred, delight in mischief, rapacity and ambition, and whatever\nelse is called evil, belong to the marvellous economy of the\nconservation of the race.--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W., section 1.\n\n347. Individual persons may be harshly dealt with when an example\nis made of them, intended to serve as a warning.... Whenever a\nnational war breaks out, terrorism becomes a necessary military\nprinciple.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R., Vol. XIII, p. 462.\n\n348. Terrorism is seen to be a relatively gentle procedure, useful to\nkeep in a state of obedience the masses of the people.--GENERAL V.\nHARTMANN, D.R., Vol. XIII, p. 462.\n\n349. To protect oneself against attack and injuries from the\ninhabitants, and to employ ruthlessly the necessary means of defence\nand intimidation is obviously not only a right but a duty of the staff\nof the army.--G.W.B., p. 120.\n\n350. The more pitiless is the _vae victis_, the greater is the security\nof the ensuing peace. In the days of old, conquered peoples were\ncompletely annihilated. To-day this is _physically_ impracticable, but\none can imagine conditions which should approach very closely to total\ndestruction.--D.B.B., p. 214.\n\n_Compare Nos. 196, 197._\n\n351. International law is in no way opposed to the exploitation of the\ncrimes of third parties (assassination, incendiarism, robbery and the\nlike) to the prejudice of the enemy.--G.W.B., p. 85.\n\n352. In reality the evil impulses are just in as high a degree\nexpedient, indispensable, and conservative of the species as the\ngood--only, their function is different.--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W., section\n4.\n\n353. If the [small] nations in question have nothing Germanic in them,\nand are therefore foreign to our Kultur, the question at once arises:\nDo they stand in the way of our expansion, or do they not? In the\nlatter case, let them develop as their nature prescribes; in the\nformer case, it would be folly to spare them, for they would be like a\nwedge in our flesh, which we refrained from extracting only for their\nown sake. If we found ourselves forced to break up the historical form\nof the nation, in order to separate its racial elements, taking what\nbelongs to our race[32] and rejecting what is foreign to it, we ought\nnot therefore to have any moral scruples or to think ourselves\ninhuman. (In this connection I refer the reader to my later chapter on\nhumanity[33]).--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 130.\n\n354. Article 40 of the Declaration of Brussels requires that\nrequisitions ... shall bear a direct relation to the capacity and\nresources of a country, and, indeed, the justification for this\ncondition would be willingly recognized by every one in theory, but it\nwill scarcely ever be observed in practice. In cases of necessity, the\nneeds of an army will alone decide.--G.W.B., p. 134.\n\n355. In spite of his delight in mere success, in spite of his\nrecklessness in the choice of men and methods, in spite of all the\nharshness and brutality which his nature must acquire, the true\nstatesman displays a disinterestedness which cannot fail to\nimpress.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 58.\n\n356. Verily, ye good and just; much in you is laughable, and most of\nall your fear of what hath hitherto been called \"devil\"! ... I guess\nthat you will call my Superman \"devil\"!--FR. NIETZSCHE, Z. _Of Manly\nPrudence_.\n\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n357. Our troops are assured of their mission; and they recognize\nclearly, too, that the truest compassion lies in taking the sternest\nmeasures, in order to bring the war itself to an early close.--PASTOR\nG. TRAUB, D.K.U.S., p. 6.\n\n358. How much further would Germany have got in Alsace-Lorraine, if it\nhad modelled its policy on Cromwell's treatment of Ulster, and had not\nbeen misled by weak humanitarianism!--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 93.\n\n359. In the midst of this bewildering uproar, the soul again learns\nthe truth of the old doctrine: it is the whole man that matters, and\nnot his individual acts; it is the soul that gives value to the deeds,\nnot the deeds to the soul.--PASTOR G. TRAUB, D.K.U.S., p. 6.\n\n_Compare Nietzsche, passim._\n\n360. We are not only compelled to accept the war that is forced upon\nus ... but are even compelled to carry on this war with a cruelty, a\nruthlessness, an employment of every imaginable device, unknown in any\nprevious war.--PASTOR D. BAUMGARTEN, D.R.S.Z., No. 24, p. 7.\n\n361. Whoever cannot prevail upon himself to approve from the bottom of\nhis heart the sinking of the _Lusitania_--whoever cannot conquer his\nsense of the gigantic cruelty (_ungeheure Grausamkeit_) to unnumbered\nperfectly innocent victims ... and give himself up to honest delight\nat this victorious exploit of German defensive power--him we judge to\nbe no true German.--PASTOR D. BAUMGARTEN, D.R.S.Z., No. 24, p. 7.[34]\n\n_See also No. 423._\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[31] Observe that these two utterances are not shrieks of the war\nfrenzy, but are the reflections of a German patriot in the year of\ngrace 1900.\n\n[32] The author does not explain how Germanic elements are to be\ndiscovered in peoples which he has assumed to have nothing Germanic in\nthem.\n\n[33] This chapter is an ingenious disquisition to prove that humanity\nmay be all very well for inferior races, but that Germanism cannot be\nhampered by its restraints.\n\n[34] This and the previous extract are taken from an address on the\nSermon on the Mount!\n\n\n\n\nV\n\nMACHIAVELISM\n\n\n\n\nV\n\nMACHIAVELISM\n\n\n=Mendacity and Faithlessness.=\n\n(BEFORE THE WAR.)\n\n362. A stock of inherited conceptions of integrity and morality is a\nnecessity for government.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 317.\n\n363. When one really meditates a war, one must say no word about it;\none must envelop one's designs in a profound mystery; then, suddenly\nand without warning, one leaps like a thief in the night--as the\nJapanese destroyers leapt upon the unsuspecting Port Arthur, as\nFrederick II. threw himself upon Silesia.[35]--A. WIRTH, U.A.P., p.\n36.\n\n364. The brilliant Florentine was the first to infuse into politics\nthe great idea that the State is Power. The consequences of this\nthought are far-reaching. It is the truth, and those who dare not face\nit had better leave politics alone.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p.\n85.\n\n365. As real might can alone guarantee the endurance of peace and\nsecurity, and as war is the best test of real might, war contains the\npromise of future peace. But it must if possible [_womoeglich_] be a\nrighteous and honourable war, something in the nature of a war of\ndefence.--J. BURCKHARDT, W.B., p. 164.\n\n366. It was Machiavelli who first laid down the maxim that when the\nState's salvation is at stake there must be no enquiry into the purity\nof the means employed; only let the State be secured and no one will\ncondemn them.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 83.\n\n367. The relations between two States must often be termed a latent\nwar, which is provisionally being waged in peaceful rivalry. Such a\nposition justifies the employment of hostile methods, cunning and\ndeception, just as war itself does.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p.\n49.\n\n368. The statesman has no right to warm his hands with smug\nself-laudation at the smoking ruins of his Fatherland, and comfort\nhimself by saying, \"I have never lied\"; this is the monkish type of\nvirtue.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol i., p. 104.\n\n369. Belligerent States are always and exclusively in a pure state of\nnature, in which there cannot possibly be any question or right [or\nlaw].--E. v. HARTMANN, quoted by EIN DEUTSCHER, W.K.B.M., p. 12.\n\n370. How markedly Bismarck's grand frankness in large matters stands\nout amidst all his craft in single instances.[36]--H. V. TREITSCHKE,\nP., Vol. i., p. 90.\n\n371. Let it be the task of our diplomacy so to shuffle the cards that\nwe may be attacked by France, for then there would be reasonable\nprospect that Russia for a time would remain neutral.... But we must\nnot hope to bring about this attack by waiting passively. Neither\nFrance, nor Russia, nor England need to attack in order to further\ntheir interests.... If we wish to bring about an attack by our\nopponents, we must initiate an active policy which, without attacking\nFrance, will so prejudice her interests or those of England, that both\nthese States would feel themselves compelled to attack us.\nOpportunities for such procedure are offered both in Africa and in\nEurope.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 280.\n\n372. When an unconscientious speculator is telling lies upon the Stock\nExchange he is thinking only of his own profit, but when a diplomat is\nguilty of obscuring facts in a diplomatic negotiation he is thinking\nof his country.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol i., p. 91.\n\n373. It is natural, and within certain limits, politically a matter of\ncourse, that the German Emperor should have thought that, until\nGermany had a strong fleet, we must try to keep on good terms with\nEngland, and even, on occasion, to make concessions.--GRAF E. V.\nREVENTLOW, D.A.P., p. 60.\n\n374. No State can pledge its future to another. It knows no arbiter,\nand draws up all its treaties with this implied reservation....\nMoreover, every sovereign State has the undoubted right to declare war\nat its pleasure, and is consequently entitled to repudiate its\ntreaties.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, p. i., 28.\n\n375. The question of alliances in war is always an open one, for\ncircumstances may at any moment arise such as Bismarck referred to\nwhen he said: \"No power is bound [or, we will add, entitled][37] to\nsacrifice important interests of its own on the altar of faithfulness\nto an alliance!\"--GRAF E. v. REVENTLOW, D.A.P., p. 22.\n\n376. It was a most serious mistake in German policy that a final\nsettling of accounts with France was not effected at a time when the\nstate of international affairs was favourable and success might\nconfidently have been expected.... This policy somewhat resembles the\nsupineness for which England has herself to blame, when she refused\nher assistance to the Southern States in the American War of\nSecession.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 239.\n\n377. Since England committed the unpardonable blunder, from her point\nof view, of not supporting the Southern States in the American War of\nSecession, a rival to England's world-wide Empire has appeared on the\nother side of the Atlantic.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 95.\n\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n378. Perhaps the greatest danger for us Germans--greatest because it\ndoes not threaten us from without, but within our own hearts--is our\nmagnanimity. O, there is something glorious about this virtue, and we\nGermans may be quite particularly proud of possessing it.... But woe\nto the people which does not stand as one man behind the statesman\nwho, by dint of hard struggles with his own soul, has fought his way\nto the only true standpoint--namely, that _in international relations\nmagnanimity is wholly out of place_, and that here the voice of\nexpediency can alone be heard.--EIN DEUTSCHER, W.K.B.M., p. 12.\n\n379. Through our policy of peace ... we deprive ourselves of the right\nof determining the time for bringing about a decision by force of\narms, as Bismarck did in three wars, in which, thanks to his\ndiplomatic adroitness, he forced upon his adversaries the outward\nappearance of declaring war, while in reality Prussia-Germany was the\nassailant. Bismarck is quoted in Germany as having discouraged\npreventive wars.... But we must not forget that the three great wars\nwhich Bismarck waged were in fact preventive. Even in 1870 the\noutbreak of war might have been stayed. It was only the brilliant\nmanipulation (_geniale Fassung_) of the Ems telegram that put France\nin the wrong and drove her into war, just as Bismarck had\nforeseen.--K. v. STRANTZ, E.S.V., p. 38.\n\n380. For the will of the State, no other principle exists but that of\n_expediency_ (_Zweckmaessigkeit_), which is at the same time\n_selfishness_; not, however, the short-sighted selfishness commended by\nMachiavelli, but _far-seeing, shrewdly-calculating_ selfishness.--EIN\nDEUTSCHER, W.K.B.M., p. 11.\n\n381. Far-seeing selfishness does not exclude the endeavour to win the\nconfidence of other nations, which can be won only by honesty. _But\nthis honesty, at any rate on vital questions, ought on no account to\nbe carried to the pitch of inexpedient Quixotism._ EIN DEUTSCHER,\nW.K.B.M., p. 11.\n\n382. War was in our eyes the most honourable and the holiest means of\nawakening the people from its dazed condition. Whether this war came\nas an aggressive or as a defensive war was, in principle, a matter of\nindifference. That it came to us in the form of a war of defence was\none of those historical strokes of luck which God vouchsafes to those\npeoples whom He loves. The time has not yet come to enquire whether\nthe leaders of German foreign policy took deliberate measures to place\nus in the attitude of defence which the masses always regard as more\nmoral. It may perhaps be so; but it is far from impossible that the\ndisinclination for war which placed certain high dignitaries of the\nGerman Empire in constant opposition to the will of the people may\nhave so far imposed upon our adversaries as to induce them to attack\nus.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 9.\n\n383. Treaties under international law are no more than _the formulated\nexpression of the existent relations of power between States_. If\nthese relations of power have so far changed that the real or\nimaginary vital interests of one of the States demand and render\npossible the alteration of such treaties, it is the simple duty of the\nleader of that State to effect the alteration by all conceivable\nmeans, so long as the risk does not appear greater than the\nanticipated advantage.--EIN DEUTSCHER, W.K.B.M., p. 7.\n\n\n=Might is Right.=\n\n(BEFORE THE WAR.)\n\n384. The law of the strong holds good everywhere.--GENERAL V.\nBERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 18.\n\n385. What does right matter to me? I have no need of it. What I can\nacquire by force, that I possess and enjoy; what I cannot obtain, I\nrenounce, and I set up no pretensions to indefeasible right.... I have\nthe right to do what I have the power to do.--M. STIRNER, D.E.S.E., p.\n275.\n\n386. Might is the supreme right, and the dispute as to what is right\nis decided by the arbitrament of war. War gives a biologically just\ndecision.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 23.\n\n387. Let it not be said that every people has a right to its existence\n(_Bestand_), its speech, &c. By making play with this principle, one\nmay put on a cheap appearance of civilization, but only so long as the\npeople in question ... does not stand in the way of any more powerful\npeople.--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 129.\n\n388. It is a persistent struggle for possessions, power and\nsovereignty that primarily governs the relations of one nation to\nanother, and right is respected so far only as it is compatible with\nadvantage.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 19.\n\n389. The earth is constantly being divided anew among the strong and\npowerful. The smaller peoples disappear; they are necessarily absorbed\nby their larger neighbours.--PROF. E. HASSE, D.G., p. 169.\n\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n390. It is a base calumny to attribute to us the brutal principle that\nmight is equivalent to right.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 29,\np. 23.\n\n391. In the age of the most tremendous mobilization of physical and\nspiritual forces the world has ever seen, we proclaim--no, we do not\nproclaim it, but it reveals itself--the Religion of Strength.--PROF.\nA. DEISSMANN, D.R.S.Z., No. 9, p. 24.\n\n_See also Nos. 84, 499._\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[35] Frederick the Great's principle was: \"When kings want war they\nbegin it, and leave learned professors to come after and prove that it\nwas just.\"\n\n[36] In other words, Bismarck always told the truth when it was\nabsolutely convenient.\n\n[37] Reventlow's interpolation.\n\n\n\n\nVI\n\nENGLAND, FRANCE & BELGIUM--ESPECIALLY ENGLAND\n\n\n\n\nVI\n\nENGLAND, FRANCE & BELGIUM--ESPECIALLY ENGLAND\n\n\n=The False Islanders.=\n\n(BEFORE THE WAR.)\n\n392. The climate, the want of wine, and lack of beautiful scenery,\nhave all been obstacles in the way of English Kultur. H. V.\nTREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 222.\n\n393. The English nationalism is also cosmopolitanism: the service of\nhis own nation appears to the Englishman the service of mankind. For\nhe regards his own nation as the mistress of the highest\nKultur-treasures, to which other nations look up in order to admire\nand imitate. Thus Anglification is identified with the furtherance of\nhuman Kultur.--G. v. SCHULZE-GAEVERNITZ, B.I., p. 49.\n\n394. England's strength resides in arrogant self-esteem, Germany's\ngreatness in the modest appreciation of everything foreign. England\nis self-seeking to the point of insanity, Germany is just even to\nself-depreciation.--TH. FONTANE (about 1854), E.B., p. 389.\n\n395. At the time of the illness of the Emperor Frederick, Treitschke,\nat the end of a long speech, summed up his sentiments in these words:\n\"It must come to this that no German dog shall for evermore accept a\npiece of bread from the hand of an Englishman.\" These words, uttered\nin an outburst of passion, aroused no mirth, but went to the heart of\nthe audience.--E.B., p. 395.\n\n396. After the Boer War, Wildenbruch was done with England.... She was\ndead for him, and erased from the Book of Life. All the contempt which\nnow leads us to raise, not the sword, but the whip, against that\nabortion compounded of low greed and shameless hypocrisy, he then\nscreamed out to the world in words which we could not even to-day make\nbitterer or more scathing.--PROF. B. LITZMANN, D.R.S.Z., No. 12, p. 13.\n\n397. It is just as Schleiermacher said a hundred years ago: \"These\nfalse islanders, wrongly admired by many, have no other watchword but\ngain and enjoyment. They are never in earnest about anything that\ntranscends practical utility.\"--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 37.\n\n\n(AFTER JULY, 1914.)\n\n=Hymns of Hate.=\n\n398. The war has laid bare the British soul, and a cold shudder goes\nthrough the Germanic Kultur-world.--\"GERMANUS,\" B.U.D.K., p. 52.\n\n398a. A hundred times more glowing than our steel, shall the mark of\nour contempt be branded upon thee. Wander thou as a lonely Ahasuerus,\nrestless and unhappy, over land and sea. And if thou sayest, \"I have\nflung the firebrand of hell from earth to heaven, over sea and land, I\nhave struck God and mankind in the face, and must now bear all their\ncurses, an everlasting stigma seared with fire,\" then shalt thou speak\nthe truth for the first time.--OTTO RIEMASCH, quoted in H.A.H., p. 49.\n\n399. No people has done so much harm to civilization as the\nEnglish.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 122.\n\n400. King William I. issued on August 11, 1870, a proclamation to the\neffect that \"Germany made war only against the armies of the enemy,\nnot against the civil population.\"... There can be no doubt that, in\nthe case of an eventual landing in England, the proclamation of the\nEmperor William II. to the English people would be couched in very\ndifferent terms from those in which King William I. addressed the\npeople of France.--A HAMBURG MERCHANT, E.S.S.H., pp. 8, 10.\n\n401. England has nothing but the instincts of a beast of prey. This\nalone can explain her foreign and domestic policy of the past decades.\nHer one object has been to increase her outward possessions and to let\nher own people starve.--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 6.\n\n401a. We willingly leave to the Britons their \"freedom.\" It is nothing\nbut the freedom of the English aristocracy to impose its will on the\nEnglish people. It is the freedom of individuals, bought with the\nmisery of millions and with the blood of hirelings.--PROF. W. V.\nBLUME, D.D.M., p. 21.\n\n_But see No. 432, on the disgusting \"comfort\" of the British workman._\n\n402. We need not be ashamed of our hatred [for England]. It is rooted\nin our love for our innocently suffering fellow-countrymen. This\nsanctifies it. The Gospel does not say, \"If any one strikes thy child\non the right cheek, turn to him also the left cheek of thy child,\" It\nspeaks only of one's own cheek. But it also speaks of the hell-fire of\nwhich the offender stands in danger.--PROF. R. LEONHARD, D.R.S.Z.,\nNo. 16.\n\n403. Our war expenses will be paid by the vanquished. The\nblack-white-red flag shall float over all seas.... The whole world\nshall stand open to us, to develop the energy of the German nature in\nunhampered competition.... We must break the tyranny which England, in\nbase self-seeking and shameless contempt of law, exercises over the\nseas.--PROF. O. v. GIERKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 23.\n\n404. It is high time to shake off the illusion that there is any moral\nlaw, or any historical consideration, that imposes upon us any sort of\nrestraint with regard to England. Only absolute ruthlessness makes any\nimpression on the Englishman; anything else he regards as weakness....\n_A corsaire, corsaire et demi!_--PROF. O. FLAMM, E.B., p. 400.\n\n405. That foreign Kulturs offer us things of spiritual value, whether\nit be for our enjoyment or by way of a challenge, is true--always, of\ncourse, with the exception of England, which does not produce anything\nof spiritual value.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 137.\n\n406. Our real fight is against England, the master of calculation. The\nmiraculous fights against the commonplace, German spirit against\nEnglish shrewdness, imperturbable heroism against crafty statesmanship.\nEven those people who now think that they are fighting in the name of\ncivilization against us barbarians, will shortly discover their\nmistake, and recognize the German miracle which has come to save the\nworld from the spirit of calculating rationalism.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ,\nD.W.D., p. 105.\n\n407. It is certain that the present generation of continental Europe,\nwhich has been for fifteen months a daily witness of Great Britain's\n_barbarous_ and infamous conduct of the war--the unexampled massacres,\nthe shameless political falsity and hypocrisy, the cowardly\nill-treatment of prisoners and wounded!--cannot possibly make any move\ntowards reconciliation.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 113.\n\n408. Hastily, and just at the time appointed for the murder of Franz\nFerdinand, a friendly visit of battleships to Kiel is arranged[38]--for\nthe other attempts to spy out the harbour had failed.--H.S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 67.\n\n408a. We have now ascertained that the plan for the assassination of\nthe Austrian Crown-Prince was known in the Serbian Legation in London,\nand we shall certainly soon learn that it was known in other places as\nwell.--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 7.\n\n409. That the blood-guiltiness of this \"greatest crime in\nworld-history\" lies at the door of _England alone_ and that she has\nfor more than forty years been plotting the _annihilation_ of her\ndangerous German competitor, has been established by numerous facts\n... and, during the past three months, by the naive admissions of\nEnglish statesmen.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 113.\n\n410. It is a pity that Nietzsche did not live to see the success of\nhis teaching in England.... Britain may claim to have bred the\nSuperman in the highest potency yet attained. He has made a clean\nsweep of the old British morality. He is coldly and unfeelingly\ninspired by a _frightful craving for power_, that wades through\nrivers of blood, and knows neither compunction nor pity. These are\nweaknesses which the Superman has conquered.--\"GERMANUS,\" B.U.D.K.,\np. 9.\n\n_But see No. 132._\n\n411. It is a pity that men like Newton, Darwin, Shakespeare,\nMarlborough, Nelson, Wellington, Spurgeon, etc., should have their\nbirth recorded in British registers. But they are exceptions. Among\nthe millions of the Cities of the Plain, there must be a few just\nmen.--PASTOR B. LOeSCHE, D.S.E.S.D., p. 15.\n\n411a. Death and destruction to the poison-mixers on the banks of the\nThames! Cain, Ahab, Judas, Ephialtes, and the disciples of these\nmaster-assassins, whatever they may be called, are positive heroes in\ncomparison with the ruffians who, jeering at all Kultur, have\ncommitted a crime against innocent blood which no words can\ncharacterize.--PASTOR B. LOeSCHE,[39] D.S.E.S.D., p. 4.\n\n412. The unexampled sorrow and need begotten by the gigantic world-war\nconjured up by England's brutal egoism--\"_the greatest crime in the\nwhole world-history_\"--has inclined many suffering people to\nsuicide.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 39.\n\n413. [Title.] \"The Greatest Criminal against Humanity of the Twentieth\nCentury, KING EDWARD VII. OF ENGLAND. A Curse Pamphlet\n(_Fluchschrift_),[40] by Lieutenant-Colonel Reinhold Wagner.\" He it\nwas, he it was that kindled the world-war. He was the incarnation of\nthe boundless selfishness and unscrupulousness of Englishism\n(_Englaendertum_). Opening words of above-cited pamphlet.\n\n414. White snow, white snow, fall, fall for seven weeks; all may'st\nthou cover, far and wide, but never England's shame; white snow, white\nsnow, never the sins of England.--G. FALCK, quoted in H.A.H., p. 50.\n\n\n=British Vices--Hypocrisy, Envy and Greed.=\n\n415. England thinks the hour has come for our annihilation. Why does\nshe want to annihilate us? Because she cannot forgive our strength,\nour industry, our prosperity! There is no other explanation![41]--PROF.\nA. v. HARNACK, I.M., 1st October, 1914, p. 25.\n\n416. No other people has misused its riches as England has. With a\nhypocritically virtuous air, the British Chauvinist has for years been\nlabouring to undermine the German name, and few can have divined with\nwhat means he went to work.--\"GERMANUS,\" B.U.D.K., p. 47.\n\n417. We cannot expect our enemies to try to do us justice--though we\ncan, after all, sympathetically understand almost all of them, with\nthe sole exception of the English, in whom the transparently base\nabstractness of the calculating business spirit lies beneath the level\nof humanity, and is so positively immoral as to be entirely outside\nthe scope of sympathy.--G. MISCH, V.G.D.K., p. 8.\n\n418. And then England! She does not, like France, send all her sons\ninto the field, but sends specially enlisted troops. There lurks the\nimpelling evil spirit, which has conjured up this war out of hell--the\nspirit of envy and the spirit of hypocrisy.--PROF. U. V.\nWILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. i., p. 7.\n\n419. England is a Moloch that will devour everything, a vampire that\nwill suck tribute from all the veins of the earth, a monster snake\nencircling the whole Equator.--\"My German Fatherland,\" by PASTOR\nTOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 140.\n\n420. In the last attempt at an Anglo-Saxon philosophy, Pragmatism, the\ntest of truth became simply usefulness. It is true that most\nEnglishmen turned against it. Why? Not because this view seemed to\nthem false, but because they thought it inadvisable, and therefore\nsinful, to blurt out the secret.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 121.\n\n421. An English poet has invented a symbol that may well be applied to\nhis own country: _The Picture of Dorian Grey._ In the eyes of the\nworld, the hypocritical sinner seems to be endowed with the gift of\nunfading youth and beauty; but only because he has at home a\nsedulously concealed portrait of magical properties. In this the vices\nplough their furrows; in this the features are gradually contorted\ninto a grisly image of guilt; until the day of judgment--the day of\nself-judgment.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. iv., p. 16.\n\n422. Oscar Wilde once wrote an essay on _The Art of Lying_, and his\ncountrymen have since carried this art to a high perfection.--H. S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 10.\n\n422a. Another vice has been developed to its highest pitch in this\nwar: to wit, _lying_. England in particular has established a record\nin this department, even as against the Father of Lies, the\nDevil.--PROF. F. DELITZSCH, D.R.S.Z., No. 13, p. 20.\n\n422b. Never since human Kultur has existed has such a _deluge of lies\nand slanders_, of fraud and hypocrisy, been poured forth as ...\n\"pious\" England has spread abroad in the name of the triune Christian\nGod. And this shameless hypocrisy must appear all the more revolting,\nsince every one who is at all behind the scenes knows that this\nBritish _Christian God_ is in truth the _Bank of England_, the sacred\n\"_Golden Calf_,\" the idolatrous worship of which is the chief aim of\n_Pambritismus_, the lordship of England over all other peoples.--PROF.\nE. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 59.\n\n423. We _must_ be wroth, and we _will_ be wroth, with the whole power\nof our inner man. We will hate the will of the nation which has so\nbasely set upon our peace-loving people in order to destroy us. We\nwill hate the Satanic powers of arrogance and selfishness, of\ntreachery and cruelty, of lying and hypocrisy. We will fight without\nscruple, and employ all means of destruction, however terrible they\nmay be. We cannot do otherwise; but we do not hate the individual\nhuman beings.... The true, beneficent hatred applies to things, not\npersons.--_The Fifth Petition in the Lord's Prayer and England_, by\nPASTOR J. LAHUSEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 162.\n\n423a. The curse of millions of hapless people falls on the head of the\nBritish island kingdom, whose boundless national egoism knows no other\ngoal than the extension of British rule over the whole planet, the\nexploitation of all other nations to its own benefit, and the filling\nof its insatiable purse with the gold of all other peoples.--PROF. E.\nHAECKEL, quoted by P. HEINSICK, W.U.G., p. 4.\n\n424. It is an almost sinister self-contradiction: the individual\nEnglishman, in private life, is by no means devoid of a certain\noutward decency, perhaps because he thinks it pays: but the public\nmorals of England do not shrink from any baseness.--PROF. G. ROETHE,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 1, p. 14.\n\n425. It is certain that it was in England that humanity first fell\nsick of the huckster view of the world. But the English ailment had\nspread further, and above all it had already begun to attack the body\nof even the German people.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 99.\n\n425a. Covetousness, a huckstering spirit, a thirst for gain,\ncalculating envy, hypocrisy--what despicable vices have they not\nbecome to us. We spit at them, we hate them, just because they are\nBritish.... Now we walk in gentle innocence through homely pastures,\nfree from greed of money, stripped of all cunning, because--just\nbecause it is all British.--PASTOR D. VORWERK, quoted in H.A.H., p. 39.\n\n426. The much-lauded missionary spirit was only a business enterprise,\nby means of which John Bull filled his purse.--\"The Christianity of\nthe Belligerent Nations,\" by PASTOR ERDMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 146.\n\n427. England avers that she makes war against us without hatred, and\nthinks she is thereby giving proof of high civilization. It is\nprecisely the proof of her cold-hearted baseness.... The\nself-controlled English gentleman, who makes unemotional war out of\ncommercial envy, is more devilish than the Cossack. He stands to the\nFrenchman in the relation of the sneaking murderer for gain to the\nmurderer from passion. The gentleman-burglar of Conan Doyle expresses\nthe soul of the nation.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 15.\n\n428. A nice protector of outraged national rights!!! Thus Richard,\nDuke of Gloucester, appears with prayer-book and rosary on the terrace\nof the castle, thus Mephistopheles dons the mask of lawyer and\nphilosopher, thus Iscariot kisses the Saviour.--\"My German\nFatherland,\" by PASTOR TOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 142.\n\n429. Never has the _mass-misery of war_ ... presented itself to us in\nsuch grisly shapes as in this terrible world-war, which has been\nforced upon us _solely_ by the commercial envy and the _brutal egoism_\nof the Christian model-state, _England_.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 27.\n\n\n=British Vices--Cowardice and Laziness.=\n\n430. It is the English who may justly be accused of militarism--the\npeople who, in addition to Irish and Scottish hirelings (they\nthemselves, as a rule, prefer to remain at home) place Hindus and\nIndian mountaineers in the field.--PROF. W. WUNDT, D.N.I.P., p. 143.\n\n431. Envy is utterly foreign to the German nature. But _one_ exception\nwe must now admit. We old fellows ... look with envy at the young, who\nare risking their fresh life and strength for the Fatherland. Of this\nenvy, at any rate, we must acquit England: its best youth remains\nquietly at home, and wins victories in the football field, leaving it\nto salaried hirelings to shed their blood.--PROF. G. ROETHE, D.R.S.Z.,\nNo. 1, p. 11.\n\n432. The doctrine of comfort, as a view of the world, certainly comes\nof evil, and a people who are filled with it, like the English, are\nlittle more than a heap of living corpses. The whole body of the\npeople begins to rot.... In England to-day every trade unionist is\nstuck in the morass of comfort.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 102.\n\n433. As soon as it comes to the sanguinary reality, the English\nhireling's heart drops into his breeches. And the English Scotchmen\nhave not even breeches for it to drop into.--O. SIEMENS, W.L.K.D.,\np. 19.\n\n434. Whence should courage come?... In our German soldiers it springs\nfrom honest German wrath. But the Englishman must shout himself into\ncourage. When the first English troops landed in France, they sang\ngaily and interrupted their songs by shouts of \"Are we down-hearted?\"\nWhereupon the English hireling sought to keep up his spirits by an\nanswering shout of \"No!\" ... Only their own timidity suggests to the\nEnglish such questions as to their courage. One need not be any great\npsychologist to realize this.--O. SIEMENS, W.L.K.D., p. 19.\n\n435. The cunning and unscrupulousness of the pirate does, indeed,\nsurvive in the English sailor; he lies in ambush for neutral\nmerchant-ships[!], lays mines in the fairway of neutral neighbour\nStates, and commits deeds of violence of the most manifold kinds; but\nthe resolution of the pirate, the daring intrepidity in attack, he no\nlonger possesses.--\"GERMANUS,\" B.U.D.K., p. 43.\n\n436. The great majority of the English Army are to this day Keltic\nIrishmen and Keltic Scotchmen; the real Englishmen do not enlist. In\nthe English battles of the past, Englishmen of the nobility no doubt\nwere in command, but the armies consisted of foreign mercenaries, for\nthe most part Germans.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 51.\n\n437. England might, in league with Germany, have _dictated Kultur to\nthe whole world_ ... if she had not been _untrue to the Gospel of\nWork_!--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 61.\n\n438. The English race ... must always be stimulated by the infusion of\nnew blood, otherwise it would perish of its own indolence.--PROF. A.\nSCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 21.\n\n\n=Treachery to Germanism.=\n\n439. England is now showing on what feeble feet its Germanism rests,\nhow unsound, how profoundly unworthy of the German Thought it is. It\ncannot shake off its bitter accusers--its Shakespeare and Carlyle,\nits Dickens and Kingsley. It has committed treason against the spirit\nof its greatest men, who were filled with the certainty that the\nGerman Thought must conquer, and that this victory must be _the_\nvictory ... of Kultur, civilization and spiritual progress.--K.\nENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 57.\n\n440. Would to God Professor Engel were right in maintaining that the\nEnglish are Kelts. Then we should not have to be ashamed of our\nbrothers!--PASTOR B. LOeSCHE, D.S.E.S.D., p. 4.\n\n441. It is useless for publicists to encourage the popular belief that\nthe English prove by their behaviour that they are no longer Teutons;\nfor Teutons they are, and purer Teutons than many Germans.[42]--H.S.\nCHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 45.\n\n442. Does one German cousin fight against another? We good-natured\nidealists have always dwelt upon this German cousinship. The\nthree-quarters-Keltic England has no feeling of common\nGermanism.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 15.\n\n443. What about ... our dear cousins the English, those hucksters\nwhose Germanism we have at last begun openly to question.... Though\nthe English language is doubtless Germanic, that is by no means a\nproof that the Keltic bastards have acquired the German nature\n(_Wesen_). We do not count the English-speaking American negroes as\nbelonging to the white race.--O. SIEMENS, W.L.K.D., p. 18.\n\n444. Against us stands the world's greatest sham of a people ... the\nJudas among nations, who this time, for a change, betrays Germanism\nfor thirty pieces of silver. Against us stands sensual France, the\nharlot (_Dirne_) among the peoples, to be bought for any prurient\nexcitement, shameless, unblushing, impudent and cowardly [!] with her\nworthless myrmidons.--\"War Devotions,\" by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in\nH.A.H., p. 117.\n\n\n=Sir Edward Grey and his Colleagues.=\n\n445. Abysmal hypocrisy ... the national vice has been incarnated for\nus in Sir Edward Grey.--PROF. G. ROETHE, D.R.S.Z., No. i, p. 14.\n\n446. When that English gentleman, Minister Grey, who has a cancerous\ntumour in place of a heart, in the end has to reap the infamy he\ndeserves, he will promptly cast it from him as dirt with his\nhorse-hoof.--PASTOR TOLZIEN, in \"Patriotic-Evangelical War Lectures,\"\nquoted in H.A.H., p. 141.\n\n447. The Englishman treats the foreigner, when he does not need him,\nas thin air, when he does need him, as a piece of goods; consequently,\nwhen he sits in the Cabinet, he considers that, towards a foreign\nState, a lie is not a lie, deceit is not deceit, and a surprise attack\nin time of peace is a perfectly legitimate measure, so long as it\nserves England's interests.--PROF. W. WUNDT, D.N.I.P., p. 131.\n\n448. Sir Edward Grey possesses in a singular degree the gift of\ncarrying on business with complete control of all emotion and\nelimination of all deep thought. Every third word of such person is\nthe untranslatable, elusive, \"I dare say.\"--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D.,\np. 14.\n\n449. The untruthfulness and unscrupulous brutality with which the\nEnglish Cabinet carries on the war place it far below the level of\nMuscovite morality.--\"GERMANUS.\"--B.U.D.K., p. 35.\n\n450. The English diplomatist of the type of Sir Edward Grey holds\nhonesty in political matters to be a blunder and a sin. Therefore he\nusually expresses himself in a form which is capable of several\ninterpretations.--\"GERMANUS,\" B.U.D.K., p. 18.\n\n451. Sir Edward Grey has for years presided over all the peace\nconferences--only to ensure the coming of the projected war; he has\nfor years sought a \"better understanding\" with Germany--only to\nprevent the honest German statesmen and diplomats from suspecting that\na war of annihilation had been irrevocably decreed; the German\nEmperor, at the last moment, had almost averted the danger of\nwar--Grey, the unctuous apostle of peace, contrived so to shuffle the\ncards as to render it inevitable.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 66.\n\n_For \"shuffling the cards\" compare No. 371._\n\n452. The President of the United States, Professor Wilson ... allows\nAmerican munition works to supply our enemies with unlimited\nquantities of war material, favours the infamous design of England to\nstarve out Germany, and rises in his \"peace\" speeches to a height of\npolitical and religious hypocrisy in no way inferior to that attained\nby the English \"million-murderer\" Grey.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 61.\n\n\n=Britain's Great Illusion.=[43]\n\n453. The English regard themselves as the Chosen People, towards which\nall others are predestined to stand in a relation of more or less\ncomplete dependence.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R. pt. iv.,\np. 19.\n\n454. Strange as it may appear to us, it is nevertheless unquestionable\nthat all England has from of old been penetrated with the idea that\nher attainment of uncontested colonial and maritime power was not only\nto her interest but to that of the whole world, _the dominion over\nwhich God had Himself assigned to her_, and that therefore all means\nto this beneficent end were permissible and well-pleasing to God.--J.\nRIESSER, E.U.W., p. 10.\n\n455. Just because the English found their national feeling on the\nconsciousness of their kultural successes, and the belief that they\nalone are _God's chosen people on earth_, every desire of other\npeoples to assert equality of rights appears to their self-conceit an\noffence against the will of God.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 31.\n\n456. The belief in the Kultur-mission entrusted to it by God, in\npreference to all other peoples, has grown into the very flesh and\nblood of the English people.--PROF. F. KEUTGEN, B.R.K., p. 7.\n\n457. The English hold that they are literally descended from the ten\ntribes [!]. But we Germans do not base our relation to Israel on any\nsuch fleshly foundation. The German people are the spiritual, the\nreligious parallel of the people of Israel, they are \"the true Israel\nbegotten of the Spirit.\"--DR. PREUSS, quoted in H.A.H., p. 213.\n\n458. Many of the best, most unselfish and most modest Englishmen pray\nto God in all good faith that He would at last open the eyes of the\nGerman people, and especially of the German Emperor, that they may see\nhow wrong and even sinful it is to place any further hindrances in the\nway of the expansion of the Kingdom of God on earth by \"His chosen\npeople,\" that is to say, the English themselves.--PROF. A. SCHROeER,\nZ.C.E., p. 12.\n\n459. The Briton regards himself as chosen by Providence, the elect of\nthe Lord, entrusted with a special _mission on this earth_, and placed\nunder the immediate protection of Heaven, with a first claim upon all\nthe good things of the earth.--\"GERMANUS,\" B.U.D.K., p. 11.\n\n460. Our duty to ourselves, and to our English fellow-creatures--since\nwe would fain be, not an imaginary \"chosen people\" but true children\nof God--is to give them such a thorough thrashing that they may once\nfor all be cured of the fatal illusion that they have established a\nmonopoly in the dear Lord God, and that the rest of humanity is\ndestined only to serve as a stool for their clumsy feet!--PROF. A.\nSCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 70.\n\n461. Perhaps the reason that England's power now stands in so great\nperil is that, in her self-deceiving vanity, she thought that God had\nguaranteed her the dominion of the world.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W.,\nP. 86.\n\n462. It is a matter of fact that the greater part of the English\npeople cherish the pathological imagination that they alone are the\ntrue pioneers of Kultur and culture.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 115.\n\n463. The English now assert the claim of _their_ Kultur to be the only\nexisting, and, indeed, the _God-appointed_ summit of human\ndevelopment, which to attain would mean salvation for all humanity.\nThis is a positively grotesque mixture of national pride and\nreligiosity.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 12.\n\n464. \"England ueber alles\" has in England a very solid meaning, as\ncompared with our quite ideally conceived \"Deutschland ueber alles.\" An\nimmense self-assurance, partly reposing on the notion of being in a\nspecial sense God's chosen people, gives to these claims a certain\ninward foundation. In the consciousness of an alleged superiority of\nmoral Kultur, the English aspire to rule the world.--PROF. R. SEEBERG,\nD.R.S.Z., No. 15, p. 28.\n\n465. Alone among Kultur-peoples, the English know only themselves, and\nregard all others, without exception, as foreign, inferior creatures,\ntowards whom Nature decrees that the laws of morality, as between man\nand man, should not hold good, any more than they hold good towards\nanimals and plants.[44]--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 49.\n\n466. There are, of course, many sincerely pious Christians in England.\nBut either they are impotent as against the prevailing passion, or\nthey are blinded by the illusion of the \"chosen people,\" and have\ntherefore lost all power of sober self-criticism.--OBERLEHRER HERMANN\nSCHUSTER, D.K.K.\n\n\n=Comic Relief.=\n\n467. England understands by freedom only club-law, with the club\nalways in her own hand.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 22.\n\n468. Since the Cromwellian rule of the sword, the army is so hated in\nEngland that an officer, going on duty from his home to the barracks,\nhas to drive in a closed carriage.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 41.\n\n469. I found everywhere in England, during my last visits in 1907 and\n1908, a positively terrifying blind hatred for Germany, and impatient\nlonging for a war of annihilation.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 12.\n\n470. England's army of postal officials amounts to 213,000,\ndistributed through 24,245 post offices; the German Empire has 50,500\npost offices and 305,000 officials. Now we can understand--can we\nnot?--why England envies us.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 39.\n\n471. One finds in England no geniality, no broad, kindly humour, no\ngaiety. Everything--so far as the outward life is concerned--is hurry,\nmoney, noise, ostentation, snobbery, vulgarity, arrogance, discontent,\nenvy.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 60.\n\n472. King Edward VII., while he was Prince of Wales, was often a guest\nof the London Savage Club, which is so \"exclusive\" that the Prince\ncould not become a member.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 131.\n\n473. Discipline within the parties is maintained with Draconian\nseverity by the so-called \"Whips\" (i.e., _Peitschenschwingern_,\nlash-wielders); and woe to the member who should dare to express his\nown opinion!--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 17.\n\n474. The English admit that, owing to the demoralizing influence of\nEdward VII., they are in a state of religious, social and economic\ndecadence, but their illusion as to the incomparable superiority of\nEngland prevents them from tracing the evil to its true source, and as\nsome one must be to blame for it, the fault must of course lie with\nthe rapidly climbing Germany.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 34.\n\n475. Every man wears the same trousers, every woman the same hat. I\nremember once being unable to find in all London a single blue\nnecktie--blue was not the fashion. This would have been unthinkable in\nBerlin, Paris or Vienna.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 18.\n\n476. Thus science, which to us is a very serious matter, is to the\nEnglishman, _like everything else_--except money-making!--like, for\ninstance, politics, administration, the care of the poor, &c.,--_a\nprivate hobby, a sort of sport_.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 43.\n\n477. On the day of the Oxford and Cambridge boat race, one walks, in\nthe giant city of London, through literally empty (_buchstaeblich\nleere_) streets. From the oldest duchess to the youngest chimney\nsweep, all are seized with the same mad enthusiasm for this\nevent.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 18.\n\n478. [Puritanism leads to] that shrinking from the frank expression of\nemotions which (for example) explains the fact that cultivated England\nreads its great poet Shakespeare for the most part in editions in\nwhich everything is deleted that could give offence to a sensitive old\nmaid.--PROF. W. WUNDT, D.N.I.P., p. 32.\n\n479. At the parliamentary elections [before the war] nothing is spoken\nof but the hatred for Germany, which animates the speaker and his\naudience.--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 10.\n\n480. [British ignorance is] so horrific that a German can scarcely\nconceive it. Five years ago, in a town of 40,000 inhabitants, it was\nimpossible to find a single man, who, for payment, could read English\ncorrectly to an invalid.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 18.\n\n481. Attention has recently been drawn, by an authoritative writer, to\nthe fact that English biology and the theory of evolution, which have\nachieved so much celebrity, are in essence nothing but the\ntransference of liberal middle-class views to the processes of life\nseen in nature.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 17.\n\n482. Is the noble land of Shakespeare fighting against us? Not at all;\nfor Shakespeare we have long conquered. He has long been more a German\nthan an English poet.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 15.\n\n483. About the middle of the last century, England was in a fair way\nto save herself from decadence through the revivifying virtue of the\nphilosophico-ethical influence of Germany.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E.,\np. 69.\n\n484. England is incapable of producing a people's army\n(_Volksarmee_).[45]--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 50.\n\n_See also Nos. 3, 146, 147, 174, 176, 178, 179._\n\n\n=France.=\n\n485. The English pirate-soul and French Chauvinism were bound to seek\nand find each other.--P. ROHRBACH, W.D.K., p. 14.\n\n486. Beasts who spring upon us we can only treat as beasts, but the\nbestial hatred which impels them we must not allow to arise in\nus.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.D.E., p. 51.\n\n487. At no former time could the French soldier be reproached with\ncowardice.... If his present conduct is so far beneath his reputation\n... it is because he lacks the stimulus of enthusiasm, because he\nknows that it is not his country that is sending him forth to battle,\nbut only an ambitious and short-sighted Government, because he is\nconscious that he is not fighting for a great and noble cause, but for\na mean and dirty one.--W. HELM, W.W.S.M., p. 11.\n\n488. For honour's sake another hundred thousand men may be sacrificed,\nbut there must be an end to that. Then it is all over with France as a\ngreat Power.... These men [the French Ministry] or others like them\nmust make peace! Some one must make it, for the bloodshed cannot go on\nforever. But what sort of a peace will it be? _Vae victis! Not till now\nhas Bismarck's victory been complete._--F. NAUMANN, Member of the\nReichstag, D.U.F., p. 8.\n\n489. We will do well to leave to France the outward boundaries of a\ngreat Power, if only that we may not figure as the tyrants of\nEurope.--P. ROHRBACH, W.D.K., p. 28.\n\n490. The defeat which France is now suffering is only the expiation of\nguilt which is already a century old.... The twenty years of the\nRevolutionary and Napoleonic Wars had left the French a mere set of\nindividuals who care nothing for the maintenance of their race:\naesthetes and dandies, money-grubbers and Bohemians.--K. ENGELBRECHT,\nD.D.D.K., p. 51.\n\n491. [As to the origin of the war] the French, as England's trusty\nhenchmen, obediently repeat what England tells them. If Don Quixote\nrides at the windmills, Sancho Panza must keep pace with him.--PROF.\nW.V. BLUME, D.D.M., p. 11.\n\n_See also No. 3._\n\n\n=Belgium.=\n\n492. Belgium, the granary and armoury, is predestined to be the\nbattlefield in the struggle for the Meuse and the Rhine. I ask any\ngeneral or statesman who has seriously considered the problems of war\nand politics, whether Belgium can remain neutral in a European\nwar--that is to say, can be respected as neutral any longer than may\nappear expedient to the Power which feels itself possessed of the best\nadvantage for attack.--ERNST MORITZ ARNDT (1834), quoted in H.A.H.,\np. 22.\n\n493. If Sir Edward Grey had urged neutrality [!] upon Belgium, he would\nhave done that country the greatest possible service.--\"GERMANUS,\"\nB.U.D.K., p. 36.\n\n494. Where the people of Israel had to demand a passage through foreign\nterritory, they were expressly enjoined first to offer the inhabitants\npeace (Deuteronomy, xx., 10). Only when the right of transit was\ndenied them, was the sword to be drawn and the passage forced. In such\na case ... Israel calls the wars in which it has to engage, wars of\nJehovah. Its God is indeed a man of war, the Lord of the hosts of\nIsrael. The Scripture even goes so far as to ascribe the subsequent\ncorruption of the people to the fact that it did not completely\nannihilate the inhabitants of the conquered country.[46]--PASTOR M.\nHENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 6.\n\n495. If Belgium takes part in the war, it must be wiped off the map of\nEurope.[47]--R. THEUDEN, W.M.K.B., v., p. 10.\n\n496. How our adversaries understood neutrality is most strikingly\nsummed up in the following passage from the Paris paper _Le National_,\nwhich appeared as early as November 16, 1834 [!] \"Le jour viendra ou\n... la neutralite de la Belgique, en cas de guerre europeenne,\ndisparaitra devant le voeu du peuple beige.... La Belgique se rangera\nnaturellement du cote de la France!\"--PROF. C. BORCHLING, D.B.P., p. 5.\n\n497. A Belgian journalist who had ventured into Liege writes:--\"The\nGermans behave quietly. What they require they pay for in ready money.\nThe pigeons which nest in the Place St. Lambert have a corner of the\nplace where they are fed. The Germans have respected this corner,\nthough they have occupied the rest of the place.\"--PASTOR D.M. HENNIG,\nD.K.U.W., p. 91.\n\n498. See what the war has laid bare in others! What have we learnt of\nthe soul of Belgium? Has it not revealed itself as the soul of\ncowardice and assassination? They have no moral forces within them;\ntherefore they resort to the torch and the dagger.--PROF. U.V.\nWILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., i., p. 6.\n\n499. The fate that Belgium has called down upon herself is hard for\nthe individual, but not too hard for this political structure\n(_Staatsgebilde_), for the destinies of the immortal great nations\nstand so high that they cannot but have the right, in case of need, to\nstride over existences that cannot defend themselves, but live, as\nparasites, upon the rivalries of the great.--PROF. H. ONCKEN, S.M.,\nSeptember, 1914, p. 819.\n\n500. Our Chancellor has, with the scrupulous conscientiousness\npeculiar to him, admitted that we were guilty of a certain wrong\n[towards Belgium]. Here I cannot follow him.... When David, in the\npinch of necessity, took the shew-bread from the table of the Lord, he\nwas absolutely in the right; for at that moment the letter of the law\nno longer existed.--PROF. A.V. HARNACK, I.M., 1st October, 1914, p. 23.\n\n501. We were in the position of a man who, being attacked from two\nsides, has to carry on a furious fight for life, and cannot concern\nhimself overmuch as to whether one or two flowers are trodden down in\nhis neighbour's garden.--PROF. DR. W. DIBELIUS, W.W.E., p. 5.\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[38] If this does not mean that England was an accessory before the\nfact to the murder of the Archduke, what _does_ it mean? The passage is\nquoted with approval by Dr. Prockosch. _Englische Politik und\nenglischer Volksgeist_, p. 34.\n\n[39] This clergyman's pamphlet, of 24 pp., is one uninterrupted torrent\nof abuse.\n\n[40] Doubtless a punning perversion of _Flugschrift_, pamphlet.\n\n[41] It would be easy to cite 501 repetitions of this dogma in almost\nthe same words.\n\n[42] Otherwise--horror of horrors!--Herr Chamberlain himself might not\nbe quite assured of his Germanism.\n\n[43] As to the prevalence of this illusion in Germany, see section \"The\nChosen People and its Mission,\" p. 28; also Introduction, p. xxi.\n\n[44] Repeated, in other words, again and again by this author.\n\n[45] Written 9th October, 1914.\n\n[46] It is only fair to state that the writer does not apply this\ndoctrine directly to the case of Belgium; but he cannot but have had it\nin mind. Here is the passage from Deuteronomy: \"When thou drawest nigh\nunto a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace unto it. And it\nshall be, if it make thee answer of peace, and open unto thee, then it\nshall be, that all the people that is found therein shall become\ntributary unto thee, and shall serve thee. And if it will make no peace\nwith thee, but will make war against thee, then shalt thou besiege it.\nAnd when the Lord thy God delivereth it into thine hand, thou shalt\nsmite every male thereof with the edge of the sword. But the women, and\nthe little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all\nthe spoil thereof, shalt thou take for a prey unto thyself; and thou\nshalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the Lord thy God hath given\nthee.\"\n\n[47] As to the date of this utterance, see Index of Books.\n\n\n\n\nINDEX OF BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS FROM WHICH QUOTATIONS ARE MADE\n\n\n\n\nINDEX OF BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS FROM WHICH QUOTATIONS ARE MADE\n\n\n_Where titles are given in English only, references are to the English\neditions of the works in question_\n\n\nA.U.K.         \"Amicus Patriae\": Armenien und Kreta. Eine Lebensfrage\n               fuer Deutschland. 1896. (Armenia and Crete. A Vital\n               Question for Germany.)\n\nB.D.V.         Ernst Hasse: Die Besiedelung des deutschen Volksbodens.\n               1905. (The Colonization of the German Folk-Territory.)\n\nB.G.E.         Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil.\n\nB.I.           Gerhart v. Schulze-Gaevernitz: Der britische\n               Imperialismus im 19 Jahrhundert. (British Imperialism\n               in the 19th Century.)\n\nB.R.K.         Friedrich Keutgen: Britische Reichsprobleme und der\n               Krieg. 1914. (British Imperial Problems and the War.)\n\nB.U.D.K.       \"Germanus\": Britannien und der Krieg. 1914. (Britain\n               and the War.)\n\nD.A.P.         Graf Ernst v. Reventlow: Deutschlands auswaertige\n               Politik. 1914. (Germany's Foreign Policy.)\n\nD.B.B.         Deutschland bei Beginn des 20sten Jahrhunderts, von\n               einem Deutschen. 1900. (Germany at the Beginning of the\n               20th Century, by a German.)\n\nD.B.P.         Conrad Borchling: Das belgische Problem. 1914. (The\n               Belgian Problem.)\n\nD.C.           Otfried Nippold: Der deutsche Chauvinismus. 1913.\n               (German Chauvinism.)\n\nD.D.D.K.       Karl Engelbrecht: Der Deutsche und dieser Krieg.\n               1914-15. (The German and this War.)\n\nD.D.E.         Friedrich Meinecke: Die deutsche Erhebung von 1914.\n               1914. (The German Uprising of 1914.)\n\nD.D.M.         Wilhelm v. Blume: Der deutsche Militarismus. 1915.\n               (German Militarism.)\n\nD.E.E.         Karl L.A. Schmidt: Das Ende Englands. n.d. [1914].\n               (The End of England.)\n\nD.E.S.E.       Max Stirner: Der Einzige und sein Eigentum. (The\n               Individual and his Property.)\n\nD.G.           Ernst Hasse: Deutsche Grenzpolitik. 1906. (German\n               Frontier Policy.)\n\nD.I.W.         Deutschland in Waffen.... (Germany under Arms.) [With a\n               preface and article by the Crown Prince.]\n\nD.K.K.         Der Krieg und die christlich-deutsche Kultur. 1915.\n               (The War and Christian-German Kultur.)\n\nD.K.U.S.       Gottfried Traube: Der Krieg und die Seele. 1914. (The\n               War and the Soul.)\n\nD.K.U.W.       Martin Hennig: Der Krieg und Wir. 1914. (The War and\n               We.)\n\nD.N.I.P.       Wilhelm Wundt: Die Nationen und ihre Philosophie. 1915.\n               (The Nations and their Philosophy.)\n\nD.R.           Julius v. Hartmann: Militaerische Notwendigkeit und\n               Humanitaet, in \"Deutsche Rundschau,\" Vols. XIII. and\n               XIV. 1877-78. (Military Necessity and Humanity.)\n\nD.R.S.Z.       Deutsche Reden in schwerer Zeit. (German Speeches in\n               Difficult Days.) [A series of pamphlets by the\n               Professors of Berlin University and a few others.]\n               1914-15.\n\nD.S.           Paul de Lagarde: Deutsche Schriften. 4th ed. 1903.\n               (German Writings.)\n\nD.S.E.S.D.     Bernhard Loesche: Du stolzes England, schaeme dich! 1914.\n               (Thou proud England, shame on thee!)\n\nD.U.F.         Friedrich Naumann: Deutschland und Frankreich. 1914.\n               (Germany and France.)\n\nD.W.D.         Oskar A.H. Schmitz: Das wirkliche Deutschland: die\n               Wiedergeburt durch den Krieg. 1915. (The real Germany:\n               the Regeneration through the War.)\n\nD.W.E.         Edmund v. Heyking: Das wirkliche England. 1914. (The\n               real England.)\n\nD.Z.           Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Die Zuversicht. 1915.\n               Dated 25th May. (Confidence.)\n\nE.B.           Das Englandbuch der Taeglichen Rundschau. 1915. (The\n               England-book of the Taegliche Rundschau newspaper.)\n\nE.M.S.         Franz v. Liszt: Ein mitteleuropaeischer Staatenverband.\n               1914. (A Middle-European League of States.)\n\nE.P.D.         Joseph Ludwig Reimer: Ein Pangermanisches Deutschland.\n               1905. (A Pan-German Germany.)\n\nE.S.S.H.       Ein Hamburger Kaufmann: Die englische Seeraeuber und\n               sein Handelskrieg. 1914. (A Hamburg Merchant: The\n               English Pirates and their Trade-War.)\n\nE.S.V.         Kurd v. Strantz: Ein starkes Volk--Ein starkes Heer.\n               1914. (A Strong People--A Strong Army.) [Published\n               shortly before the war.]\n\nE.U.W.         Jakob Reisser: England und Wir, 1914. (England and We.)\n\nE.W.           Ernst Haeckel: Ewigkeit: Weltkriegsgedanken. 1915.\n               (Eternity: Thoughts on the World-War.)\n\nG.D.           Otto Richard Tannenberg; Gross-Deutschland. 1911.\n               (Great Germany.)\n\nG.D.W.         Chr. Ludw. Poehlmann: Das Gute des Weltkrieges. 1914.\n               (The Good of the World-War.)\n\nG.M.           Friedrich Nietzsche: A Genealogy of Morals.\n\nG.N.W.         Friedrich v. Bernhardi: Germany and the Next War. Ed.\n               1914. [First published, 1912.]\n\nG.U.M.         Grossdeutschland und Mitteleuropa um das Jahr 1950, von\n               einem Alldeutschen. 1895. (Great-Germany and\n               Middle-Europe in 1950. By a Pan-German.)\n\nG.W.B.         The German War-Book. Translation by J.M. Morgan, M.A.\n               1915.\n\nG.Z.K.         Hans v. Wolzogen: Gedanken zur Kriegszeit. 1915.\n               (Thoughts in War-Time.)\n\nH.A.H.         J.P. Bang: Hurrah and Halleluiah. 1916.\n\nH.D.F.         Alfred H. Fried: Handbuch der Friedensbewegung. 1911.\n               (Handbook of the Peace Movement.)\n\nH.T.H.         Friedrich Nietzsche: Human, All-Too Human.\n\nH.U.H.         Werner Sombart: Haendler und Helden. 1915. (Hucksters\n               and Heroes.)\n\nI.M.           Internationale Monatschrift fuer Wissenschaft, Kunst und\n               Technik. (International Monthly for Science, Art and\n               Technology.)\n\nJ.W.           Friedrich Nietzsche: The Joyous Wisdom.\n\nK.             Klaus Wagner: Krieg. 1906. (War.)\n\nK.A.           Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Kriegsaufsaetze. 1914. (War\n               Essays.)\n\nO.U.W.         Albrecht Wirth: Orient und Weltpolitik. 1913. (The East\n               and World-Politics.)\n\nP.             Heinrich v. Treitschke: Politics. Ed. 1916. [First\n               published, 1899.]\n\nP.G.           Ernst v. Lasaulx: Philosophic der Geschichte. 1856.\n               (Philosophy of History.)\n\nP.I.           Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Politische Ideale. 1916.\n               (Political Ideals.)\n\nP.K.U.K.       Gustav E. Pazaurek: Patriotismus, Kunst und\n               Kunsthandwerk. 1914. (Patriotism, Art, and\n               Art-Handicraft.)\n\nR.             Ulrich v. Wilamowitz-Moellendorf: Reden. Four parts: Pt.\n               i., Zwei Reden. 1914. Pts. ii., iii., and iv., Reden\n               aus der Kriegszeit. 1915. (Two Speeches, and Speeches\n               in War-Time.)\n\nR.D.           Friedrich Lange: Reines Deutschtum, 5th Ed. 1904. (Pure\n               Germanism.)\n\nS.I.U.         Ludwik Gumplowicz: Socialphilosophie im Umriss. 1910.\n               (Social Philosophy in Outline.)\n\nS.M.           Sueddeutsche Monatsheft. (South German Monthly.)\n\nT.O.D.         Albrecht Wirth: Tuerkei, Oesterreich, Deutschland. 1912.\n               (Turkey, Austria, Germany.)\n\nU.A.P.         Albrecht Wirth: Unsere aeussere Politik. 1912. (Our\n               External Policy.)\n\nV.G.D.K.       Georg Misch: Vom Geist des Krieges und des deutschen\n               Volkes Barbarei. 1914. (Of the Spirit of the War, and\n               the Barbarism of the German People.)\n\nV.K.           K. v. Clausewitz: Vom Kriege. Ed. 1867. (On War.)\n               [First Published, 1832.]\n\nV.U.W.         Albrecht Wirth: Volkstum und Weltmacht in der\n               Geschichte. 2nd Ed. 1904. (National Spirit and\n               World-Power in History.)\n\nW.B.           Jakob Burckhardt: Weltgeschichtliche Betrachtungen.\n               1905. (World-Historic Reflections.)\n\nW.B.D.G.       Rudolf Eucken: Die weltgeschichtliche Bedeutung des\n               deutschen Geistes. 1914. (The World-Historic\n               Significance of the German Spirit.)\n\nW.D.           Fritz Bley: Die Weltstellung des Deutschtums. 1897.\n               (The World-Position of Germanism.)\n\nW.D.K.         Paul Rohrbach: Warum es der deutsche Krieg ist! 1914.\n               (Why it is the German War!)\n\nW.D.U.S.       R. Jannasch: Weshalb die Deutschen im Auslande\n               unbeliebt sind. 1915. (Why the Germans are unloved in\n               Foreign Parts.)\n\nW.I.K.         Ernst Hasse: Weltpolitik, Imperialismus und\n               Kolonialpolitik. 1906. (World-Politics, Imperialism,\n               and Colonial Politics.)\n\nW.I.K.W.       Daniel Frymann: Wenn ich der Kaiser waere. 5th Ed. 1914.\n               (If I were the Kaiser.)\n\nW.K.B.M.       Ein Deutscher: Was uns der Krieg bringen muss. n.d.\n               [?1914] (What the War must bring us.)\n\nW.L.K.D.       Otto Siemens: Wie lange kann der Krieg dauern? n.d.\n               [?1914] (How long can the War last?)\n\nW.M.K.B.       Rudolf Theuden: Was muss uns der Krieg bringen? 1914.\n               Dated August, 1914, but written before it was known\n               that either Belgium or England would be involved in the\n               War. (What must the War bring us?)\n\nW.U.G.         P. Heinsick: Der Weltkrieg, seine Ursachen und Gruende.\n               n.d. (The World-War, its Causes and Reasons.)\n\nW.U.W.         Karl A. Kuhn: Die wahren Ursachen des Weltkrieges.\n               1914. (The True Causes of the World-War.)\n\nW.W.E.         W. Dibelius: Was will England? 1914. (What does England\n               want?)\n\nW.W.R.         Paul Rohrbach: Was will Russland? 1914. (What does\n               Russia want?)\n\nW.W.S.G.       Adolf v. Harnack: Was wir schon gewonnen haben und was\n               wir noch gewinnen muessen. 1914. (What we have already\n               won, and what we have yet to win.)\n\nW.W.S.M.       Willy Helm: Warum wir siegen muessen. 1915. (Why we\n               must win.)\n\nZ.             Friedrich Nietzsche: Thus spake Zarathustra.\n\nZ.C.E.E.       Arnold Schroeer: Zur Characterisierung der Englaender.\n               n.d. (English Characteristics.)\n\nZ.D.V.         Ernst Hasse: Die Zukunft des deutschen Volkstums.\n               1908. (The Future of the German National Spirit.)\n\n\n\n\nINDEX OF AUTHORS\n\n\n\n\nINDEX OF AUTHORS\n\n\n\"Alldeutscher, Ein\", 2, 202.\n\n\"Amicus Patriae\", 220, 278.\n\nArndt, Ernst Moritz (1769-1860). Poet and patriot, 492.\n\n\nBaumgarten, D., Pastor, 322, 360, 361.\n\nBernhardi, Friedrich A.J. v. (b. 1849). General of Cavalry, late Chief\n  of Department in Great General Staff--5, 10, 13, 174, 246, 251, 259,\n  261, 265, 267, 276, 279, 281-287, 289-291, 297, 300, 367, 371, 376,\n  377, 384, 386, 388.\n\nBley, Fritz (b. 1853). Journalist and author, 9, 12, 198.\n\nBlume, Wilhelm v. (b. 1867). Dr. Jur. Professor of Roman Law,\n  Tuebingen, 225, 235a, 401a, 491.\n\nBorchling, Conrad A.J. Carl (b. 1872). Dr. Phil. Professor, Hamburg\n  Colonial Institute, 496.\n\nBrandl, Alois (b. 1855). Dr. Phil, LL.D., Geh. Regierungsrat.\n  Professor of English Philology, Berlin, 183.\n\nBurckhardt, Jakob (1818-1897). Professor in Basel. Authority on\n  Renaissance Art, 241, 249, 295, 365.\n\n\nChamberlain, Houston Stewart (b. 1855). Son of Admiral Chamberlain.\n  \"Left England, 1870.\" \"Attacked by severe nervous trouble, 1884.\"\n  Married Richard Wagner's daughter, 21a, 50, 52c, 57, 60, 102, 108,\n  117, 120, 126, 145, 165, 172, 180, 180a, 184, 185, 187, 188-191,\n  229, 232, 235, 305, 323, 358, 408, 422, 436, 441, 451, 467, 469,\n  471, 473, 475, 477, 480, 484.\n\nClausewitz, Carl v. (1780-1831). Prussian General, and author of \"Vom\n  Kriege,\" \"an exposition of the philosophy of war which is absolutely\n  unrivalled\", 326.\n\n\nDeissmann, Gustav Adolf (b. 1866). Dr. Theol. Professor of New\n  Testament Exegesis, Berlin. Hon. degrees, Aberdeen, St. Andrews,\n  Manchester, 107, 121, 159, 391.\n\nDelitzsch, Friedrich (b. 1850). Dr. Phil. Professor, Berlin.\n  Assyriologist, 26, 422a.\n\n\"Deutscher, Ein\" (Was uns der Krieg bringen muss), 77, 378, 380, 381,\n  383.\n\n\"Deutscher, Ein\" (Deutschland bei Beginn des 20sten Jahrhunderts),\n  193, 201, 223, 280, 303, 344, 345, 350.\n\nDibelius, Wilhelm (b. 1876). Dr. Phil. Professor of English Language\n  and Kultur, Hamburg, 501.\n\n\nEngelbrecht, Kurt, 23, 36, 51, 94, 94a, 116, 141, 318, 439, 490.\n\nErdmann, Pastor, 155, 426.\n\nEucken, Rudolf (b. 1846). Dr. Phil., Litt., LLD., Geheimrat.\n  Professor, Jena. An eminent philosopher, 81, 83, 83, 138, 140.\n\n\nFalck, G., 414.\n\nFlamm, Oswald A.H. (b. 1861). Geh. Regierungsrat. Professor, Royal\n  Technical High School, Berlin, 404.\n\nFontane, Theodor (1819-1898). Highly esteemed poet and novelist, 394.\n\nFrancke, H., Pastor, 29, 99, 115, 148, 153.\n\nFried, Alfred H., 293.\n\nFrymann, Daniel, 278a.\n\nFuchs, W., Dr., 274.\n\n\n\"Germanus\", 168, 398, 410, 416, 435, 449, 450, 459, 493.\n\n\"German War Book\", 334, 336, 338, 339, 349, 351, 354.\n\nGierke, Otto v. (b. 1841). Dr. Jur., Phil., Geh. Justizrat. Professor,\n  Berlin. Jurist. Hon. degree, Harvard, 76, 79, 80, 89, 92, 403.\n\nGottberg, Otto v. Editor of _Weekly Paper for the Youth of Germany_,\n  247, 252, 296.\n\nGruber, Max v. (b. 1853). Dr. Med., Obermedizinalrat, Hofrat.\n  Professor of Hygiene and Bacteriology, Munich, 65, 227a, 231.\n\nGumplowicz, Ludwik (b. 1838). Austrian professor, jurist and\n  economist, 264.\n\n\nHaeckel, Ernst (b. 1843). Dr. Phil., Med., Jur. Professor of Zoology,\n  Jena. The German apostle of Darwinism and champion of \"monism\", 54a,\n  237, 407, 409, 412, 422b, 423a, 429, 452, 462.\n\nHarden, Maximilian (b. 1861). Jewish journalist. Editor of _Zukunft_.\n  Real name, Witkowski, 209, 221, 242.\n\n\"Hamburger Kaufmann, Ein\", 400.\n\nHarnack, Adolf (b. 1851). Dr. Theol, Phil., Med. Jur. Professor,\n  Berlin. The great ecclesiastical historian, 31, 75, 163, 415, 500.\n\nHartmann, Eduard v. (1842-1906). \"The Philosopher of the Unconscious\",\n  369.\n\nHartmann, Julius v. (1817-1878). Prussian General of Cavalry, 254,\n  330, 341, 342, 347, 348.\n\nHasse, Ernst, Professor, 194, 200, 206, 206a, 212, 248, 258, 268, 299,\n  389.\n\nHeckel, Karl, 182.\n\nHeinsick, P., 179.\n\nHelm, Willy, 25, 27, 166, 169, 487.\n\nHennig, Martin Chr. (b. 1864). Pastor. Director of Rauhes Haus, near\n  Hamburg, a famous home-mission centre and charitable institution,\n  53, 56, 97, 111, 113, 123, 312, 316, 397, 461, 470, 494, 497.\n\nHeyking, Edmund, Freiherr v. (b. 1850). Ex-Consul in New York,\n  Valparaiso, Calcutta, etc., Minister in Morocco, Peking, Mexico,\n  Belgrade, 100.\n\nHort, J., 40.\n\nHuber, E., Dr., 153.\n\n\nJannasch, Robert, Dr. Professor, 20, 226.\n\n\nKahl, Wilhelm (b. 1849). Dr. Jur., Theol., Med. Professor, Berlin,\n  52a, 55.\n\nKaiser Wilhelm II., 121, 136.\n\nKeim, August Alexander (b. 1845). Major-General, 11, 271, 275, 277,\n  298.\n\nKeutgen, Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard (b. 1861). Dr. Phil. Professor of\n  History, Hamburg. Formerly lived in Manchester, 456.\n\nKoenig, K., Pastor, 21b.\n\nKronprinz Wilhelm, 240, 294.\n\nKuhn, Karl A. Dozent in Military History, Charlottenburg, 46, 82, 84,\n  86, 87, 93, 230, 308, 311, 314, 315, 320, 382.\n\n\nLagarde, Paul Anton de (1827-1891). Biblical scholar and orientalist.\n  Real name, Boetticher, 199, 211.\n\nLahusen, D. (b. 1851). Pastor. Ober-Konsistorialrat.\n  General-Superintendent, Berlin, 423.\n\nLange, Friedrich (b. 1852). Dr. Phil. Journalist and educational\n  reformer, founder of various political associations, 3, 7, 14, 69,\n  71, 204, 207, 213, 213a, 219, 253, 302.\n\nLasaulx, Ernst v. (1805-1861). Archaeologist and historian, 243, 250.\n\nLasson, Adolf (b. 1832). Dr. Theol., Phil., Jur., Geh. Regierungsrat.\n  Professor, Berlin. Real name said to be Lazarusson, 37, 39, 44, 49,\n  54, 66, 85, 164.\n\nLehmann, W., Pastor, 19, 21, 32, 43, 95, 101, 105, 106, 112, 122, 135,\n  137, 142.\n\nLeonhard, Rudolf (b. 1851). Dr. Jur. Professor of Law, Breslau, 402.\n\nLiebert, Eduard W.H. (b. 1850). Lieutenant-General, 208.\n\nLienhardt, F., 125.\n\nLiszt, Franz v. (b. 1851). Dr. Jur., Geh. Justizrat. Professor,\n  Berlin. Very eminent jurist, 78, 309.\n\nLitzmann, Berthold (b. 1857). Geh. Regierungsrat. Professor of Modern\n  German Literature, Bonn, 396.\n\nLoesche, Bernhard, Pastor, Leipzig, 411, 411a, 440.\n\n\nMeinecke, Friedrich (b. 1862). Dr. Phil., Geh. Hofrat. Professor of\n  History, Freiburg-in-Breisgau, 16, 64, 87a, 134, 390, 486.\n\nMisch, Georg, 58, 63, 417.\n\nMoltke, Graf Hellmuth v. (1800-1891), 244.\n\nMuench, F.X., Pastor, 149.\n\n\nNaumann, Friedrich (b. 1860). D.D., ex-Pastor, Member of Reichstag.\n  Noted writer on politics. Author of \"Mitteleuropa\", 103, 488.\n\nNietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844-1900). The philosopher of the \"Will\n  to Power\" and of Immoralism. Went mad 1888, 256, 262, 269, 270, 273,\n  288, 292, 327, 329, 331, 333, 335, 337, 340, 343, 346, 352, 356.\n\nNippold, Otfried (b. 1864). Dr. Jur. Professor, 11, 192, 192a, 195,\n  208, 217, 218, 240a, 247, 252, 260, 263, 266, 271, 274, 275, 277,\n  298, 301, 304.\n\n\nOncken, Hermann (b. 1869). Professor of Modern History, Heidelberg,\n  499.\n\n\nPazaurek, Gustav E. (b. 1865). Dr. Phil. Professor, Stuttgart, 38, 73,\n  234.\n\nPoehlmann, Christof Ludwig (b. 1867). Educationist, 92a, 186, 233.\n\nPhilippi, Felix (b. 1851). Well-known dramatist and critic, 96, 226a.\n\nPohl, Heinrich (b. 1871). Dr. Phil. Journalist, 215.\n\nPreuss, Dr. Licentiate of Theology, 119, 150, 152, 162, 457.\n\n\nReimer, Joseph Ludwig (b. 1879). Author, 68, 70, 192b, 197, 197a, 203,\n  216, 224, 353, 387.\n\nReventlow, Ernst, Graf zu (b. 1869). Author of numerous works on\n  military, naval and political affairs. Understood to represent views\n  of Grand-Admiral v. Tirpitz, 373, 375.\n\nRieger, Franz. Feldmarschalleutnant, 161.\n\nRiemasch, Otto, 398a.\n\nRiesser, Jacob (b. 1853). Dr., Geh. Justizrat. Hon. Professor, Berlin.\n  Authority on Commercial Law, 454.\n\nRoethe, Gustav (b. 1859). Dr. Phil, Geh. Regierungsrat. Professor,\n  Berlin. Philologist, 42, 52b, 59, 139a, 239a, 424, 431, 445.\n\nRohrbach, Paul (b. 1869), Dr. Phil. Late Imperial Commissioner for\n  Colonization of S.W. Africa. Noted authority on Colonial subjects,\n  238, 485, 489.\n\nRump, J., Pastor, 17, 35, 41, 52, 109, 114, 124, 127, 129, 133, 154,\n  158, 160, 171, 228, 444.\n\n\nSchleiermacher, Friedrich D.E. (1768-1834). Eminent theologian and\n  philosopher., 397.\n\nSchmid, H. Alfred (b. 1863). Dr. Phil. Professor of Art History,\n  Goettingen, 28.\n\nSchmidt, Dr., of Gibichenfels, 260, 263.\n\nSchmidt, Karl L.A., 167, 324, 401, 408a, 479.\n\nSchmitz, Oskar A.H. (b. 1873). Author, 24, 34, 48, 62, 74, 181, 306,\n  313, 325, 399, 406, 420, 427, 442, 448, 468, 472, 482.\n\nSchroeer, M.M. Arnold (b. 1857). Dr. Phil. Professor of English\n  Language and Literature, Commercial High School, Cologne, 170, 437,\n  438, 455, 458, 460, 463, 465, 474, 476, 483.\n\nSchulze-Gaevernitz, Gerhart v. (b. 1864). Geh. Hofrat. Prussian\n  Minister of State. Well-known economist, 393.\n\nSchuster, Hermann. Oberlehrer, Hanover, 466.\n\nSeeberg, Reinhold (b. 1859). Dr. Theol., Jur., Phil., Geheimrat.\n  Professor of Theology, Berlin, 464.\n\nSiemens, Otto, 236, 433, 434, 443.\n\nSombart, Werner (b. 1863). Professor of Economics, Commercial High\n  School, Berlin. Author of more than 100 works, some translated into\n  English, 18, 22, 30, 33, 61, 67, 118, 128, 132, 142, 239, 305a, 317,\n  319, 405, 425, 432, 481.\n\nStipberger, Court Preacher (?Bavarian), 151.\n\nStirner, Max (1806-1856). The philosopher of \"Egoism.\" Real name,\n  Kaspar Schmidt, 385.\n\nStrantz, Kurd Ludwig Immanuel v., Freier und Edler Herr zu Tuellstedt,\n  etc. (b. 1863). Ex-diplomatist. Author of \"Do you want Alsace and\n  Lorraine? We will take Lorraine and more!\", 175, 176, 379.\n\n\nTannenberg, Otto Richard, 2a.\n\nTheuden, Rudolf, 91, 225a, 495.\n\nTolzien, Pastor, 130, 146, 147, 419, 428, 446.\n\nTraub, Gottfried (b. 1869). Pastor, 131, 157, 357, 359.\n\nTreitschke, Heinrich v. (1834-1896). Politician-historian and\n  panegyrist of the House of Hohenzollern. Stone deaf from childhood,\n  1, 6, 8, 15, 206b, 210, 214, 223a, 245, 245a, 255, 272, 328, 332,\n  355, 362, 364, 366, 368, 370, 372, 374, 392.\n\nTroeltsch, Ernst D. (b. 1865). Dr. Phil, Jur. Professor of Systematic\n  Theology, Heidelberg, 90.\n\n\nVietinghoff-Scheel, Hermann E.L.O., Freiherr v. (b. 1856). General of\n  Cavalry, 195.\n\nVorwerk, Karl Wilhelm Dietrich (b. 1870). Pastor, and author of books\n  on religion and child-psychology, 98, 156, 425a.\n\n\nWagner, Klaus, 70a, 196, 200a, 248a, 249a, 257, 292a.\n\nWagner, Reinhold. Lieutenant-Colonel, 413.\n\nWilamowitz-Moellendorf, Ulrich v. (b. 1848). Dr. Phil., Jur. Professor,\n  Berlin. A classical scholar of the highest distinction, 54b, 72,\n  173, 173a, 227, 307, 418, 421, 453, 498.\n\nWildenbruch, Ernst v. (1845-1909). Poet, and writer of patriotic\n  dramas, 4.\n\nWirth, Albrecht (b. 1866). Dr. Political writer and lecturer, 177,\n  205, 222, 363.\n\nWolzogen, Hans Paul, Freiherr v. (b. 1848). Well-known writer,\n  especially on music. Leading Wagnerian, 45, 47, 104, 110, 139, 144,\n  310, 321.\n\nWrochem, Alfred K.E. v. (b. 1857). Major-General, 192a, 217, 304.\n\nWundt, Wilhelm M. (b. 1832). Dr. Phil., Med., Jur., Geheimrat.\n  Celebrated philosopher and physiological psychologist, 430, 447,\n  478.\n\n\nZimmermann, A. Dr., 178.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *","title":"Gems (?) of German Thought","tradition":"philosophy-ethics","translated_text":null,"word_count":39068}