{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_28474/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_28474","id":"gutenberg_28474","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28474","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Other","Category: Journalism/Media/Writing","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins\nand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare listed at the end of the text.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{1}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 192.]\nSATURDAY, JULY 2. 1853..\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                              Page\n  Oblation of a white Bull                                 1\n  Newstead Abbey, by W. S. Hasleden                        2\n  On a celebrated Passage in \"Romeo and Juliet,\"\n  Act III. Sc. 2., by S. W. Singer                         3\n  On the Passage from \"King Lear\"                          4\n  Manners of the Irish, by H. T. Ellacombe, &c.            4\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--Burial in an Erect Posture--The\n  Archbishop of Armagh's Cure for the Gout, 1571--The\n  last known Survivor of General Wolfe's Army in\n  Canada--National Methods of applauding--Curious\n  Posthumous Occurrence                                    5\n\n  QUERIES:--\n  Did Captain Cook first discover the Sandwich Islands?\n  by J. S. Warden                                          6\n  Superstition of the Cornish Miners                       7\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Clerical Duel--Pistol--Council\n  of Laodicea, Canon 35.--Pennycomequick, adjoining\n  Plymouth--Park the Antiquary--Honorary D.C.L.'s--\n  Battle of Villers en Couche--Dr. Misaubin--Kemble,\n  Willet, and Forbes--Piccalyly--Post-Office about\n  1770--\"Carefully examined and well-authenticated\"--\n  Sir Heister Ryley--Effigies with folded Hands            7\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Passage in\n  Bishop Horsley--\"Marry come up!\"--Dover Court--\n  Porter--Dr. Whitaker's ingenious Earl--Dissimulate       9\n\n  REPLIES:--\n  Bishop Ken, by the Rev. J. H. Markland                  10\n  Bohn's Edition of Hoveden, by James Graves              11\n  Coleridge's Christabel, by J. S. Warden                 11\n  Its                                                     12\n  Family of Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes                  12\n  Books of Emblems--Jacob Behmen, by C. Mansfield\n  Ingleby                                                 13\n  Raffaelle's Sposalizio                                  14\n  Windfall                                                14\n  Mr. Justice Newton, by the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe and\n  F. Kyffin Lenthall                                      15\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Lyte's\n  Treatment of Positives--Stereoscopic Angles--Query\n  respecting Mr. Pollock's Process--Gallo-nitrate of\n  Silver                                                  15\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Verney Note\n  decyphered--Emblems by John Bunyan--Mr. Cobb's\n  Diary--\"Sat cito si sat bene\"--Mythe versus Myth--The\n  Gilbert Family--Alexander Clark--Christ's Cross--The\n  Rebellious Prayer--\"To the Lords of Convention\"--\n  Wooden Tombs and Effigies--Lord Clarendon and the\n  Tubwoman--House-marks--\"Amentium haud amantium\"--\n  The Megatherium in the British Museum--Pictorial\n  Proverbs--\"Hurrah,\" and other War-cries                 17\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, &c.                                     20\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                            21\n  Notices to Correspondents                               21\n  Advertisements                                          21\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nOBLATION OF A WHITE BULL.\n\nBy lease dated 28th April, 1533, the Abbat of St. Edmund's Bury demised to\nJohn Wright, glazier, and John Anable, pewterer, of Bury, the manor of\nHaberdon appurtenant to the office of Sacrist in that monastery, with four\nacres in the Vynefeld, for twenty years, at the rent of 5l. 4s. to the\nSacrist; the tenants also to find a white bull every year of their term, as\noften as it should happen that any gentlewoman, or any other woman, should,\nout of devotion, visit the shrine of the glorious king and martyr of St.\nEdmund, and wish to make the oblation of a white bull. (Dodsw. Coll. in\n_Bibl. Bodl._, vol. lxxi. f. 72.)\n\nIf we are to understand a white bull of the ancient race of wild white\ncattle, it may be inferred, I suppose, that in some forest in the vicinity\nof Bury St. Edmund's they had not disappeared in the first half of the\nsixteenth century. The wild cattle, probably indigenous to the great\nCaledonian forest, seem to have become extinct in a wild state before the\ntime of Leland, excepting where preserved in certain ancient parks, as\nChillingham Park, Northumberland, Gisburne Park in Craven, &c., where they\nwere, and in the former at all events still are, maintained in their\noriginal purity of breed. They were preserved on the lands of some abbeys;\nfor instance, by the Abbats of Whalley, Lancashire.\n\nWhitaker (_History of Craven_, p. 34.) mentions Gisburne Park as chiefly\nremarkable for a herd of wild cattle, descendants of that indigenous race\nwhich once roamed in the great forests of Lancashire, and they are said by\nsome other writer to have been originally brought to Gisburne from Whalley\nafter the dissolution. One of the descendants of Robert de Brus, the\nfounder of Gainsborough Priory, is stated by Matthew Paris to have\nconciliated King John with a present of white cattle. The woods of\nChillingham Castle are celebrated at this day for the breed of this\nremarkable race, by which they are inhabited; and I believe there are three\nor four other places in which they are preserved.\n\nIn the form and direction of the horns, these famous wild white oxen seem\nto be living {2} representatives of the race whose bones are found in a\nfossil state in England and some parts of the Continent in the \"diluvium\"\nbone-caves, mixed with the bones of bears, hyenas, and other wild animals,\nnow the cotemporaries of the Bos Gour, or Asiatic Ox, upon mountainous\nslopes of Western India. I have read that white cattle resembling the wild\ncattle of Chillingham exist in Italy, and that it has been doubted whether\nour British wild cattle are descendants of an aboriginal race, or were\nimported by ecclesiastics from Italy. But this seems unlikely, because they\nwere not so easily brought over as the Pope's _bulls_ (the pun is quite\nunavoidable), and were undoubtedly inhabitants of our ancient forests at a\nvery early period.\n\nHowever, my present object is only to inquire for any other instances of\nthe custom of offering a white bull in honour of a Christian saint. Perhaps\nsome of your correspondents would elucidate this singular oblation.\n\nI am not able to refer to Col. Hamilton Smith's work on the mythology and\nancient history of the ox, which may possibly notice this kind of offering.\n\nW. S. G.\n\nNewcastle-upon-Tyne.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNEWSTEAD ABBEY.\n\nThe descent of property, like the family pedigree, occasionally exhibits\nthe most extraordinary disruptions; and to those who may be ignorant of the\ncause, the effect may appear as romance. I have been particularly struck\nwith the two interesting papers contained in the April number of the\n_Archaeological Journal_, having reference to the Newstead Abbey estate,\nformerly the property of Lord Byron's family, which, amongst other matters,\ncontain some severe remarks on the conduct of one of its proprietors, the\ngreat uncle and predecessor of our great poet, and having reference to\ndilapidation. Mr. Pettigrew, in his paper, states that--\n\n    \"Family differences, particularly during the time of the fifth Lord\n    Byron, _of eccentric and unsocial manners_, suffered and even aided the\n    dilapidations of time. The castellated stables and offices are,\n    however, yet to be seen.\"\n\nAnd Mr. Ashpitel adds that--\n\n    \"The state of Newstead at the time the poet succeeded to the estate is\n    not generally known: '_the wicked lord_' had felled all the noble oaks,\n    destroyed the finest herds of deer, and, in short, had denuded the\n    estate of everything he could. The hirelings of the attorney did the\n    rest: they stripped away all the furniture, and everything the law\n    would permit them to remove. The buildings on the east side were\n    unroofed; the old Xenodochium, and the grand refectory, were full of\n    hay; and the entrance-hall and monks' parlour were stable for cattle.\n    In the only habitable part of the building, a place then used as a sort\n    of scullery, under the only roof that kept out wet of all this vast\n    pile, the fifth Lord Byron breathed his last; and to this inheritance\n    the poet succeeded.\"\n\nIt is not necessary for me to refer to the lofty expression of the poet's\nfeelings on such his inheritance, nor to the necessity of his parting from\nthe estate, which appears now to be happily restored to its former\nsplendour; but possessing some knowledge of a lamentable fact, that neither\nMr. Pettigrew nor Mr. Ashpitel appears to be aware of, I feel inclined to\nsoften the asperity of the reflections quoted; and palliate, although I may\nnot justify, the apparently reckless proceedings of the eccentric fifth\nLord, as he is called. In the years 1796 and 1797, after finishing my\nclerkship, I had a seat in the chambers of the late Jas. Hanson, Esq., an\neminent conveyancer of Lincoln's Inn; and while with him, amongst other\npeers of the realm who came to consult Mr. Hanson regarding their property,\nwe had this _eccentric_ fifth Lord Byron, who apparently came up to town\nfor the purpose, and under the most painful and pitiable load of\ndistress,--and I must confess that I felt for him exceedingly; but his case\nwas past remedy, and, after some daily attendance, pouring forth his\nlamentations, he appears to have returned home to subside into the reckless\noperations reported of him. His case was this:--Upon the marriage of his\nson, he, as any other father would do, granted a settlement of his\nproperty, including the Newstead Abbey estate; but by some unaccountable\ninadvertence or negligence of the lawyers employed, the ultimate reversion\nof the fee-simple of the property, instead of being left, as it ought to\nhave been, in the father as the owner of the estates, was limited to the\nheirs of the son. And upon his death, and failure of the issue of the\nmarriage, the unfortunate father, _this eccentric lord_, found himself\nrobbed of the fee-simple of his own inheritance, and left merely the naked\ntenant for life, without any legal power of raising money upon it, or even\nof cutting down a tree. It is so many years ago, that I now do not remember\nthe detail of what passed on these consultations, but it would appear, that\nif the lawyers were aware of the effect of the final limitation, neither\nfather nor son appear to have been informed of it, or the result might have\nbeen corrected, and his lordship would probably have kept up the estate in\nits proper order. Whether this case was at all a promoting cause of the\nalteration of the law, I do not know; but, as the law now stands, the\nestate would revert back to the father as heir of this son. This case made\na lasting impression on me, and I once had to correct a similar erroneous\nproposition in a large intended settlement; and I quoted this unfortunate\naccident as an authority. Now, although this relation may not fully justify\nthe reckless waste that appears to have been committed, it certainly is a\npalliative. I do not recollect whether {3} our fifth lord had any surviving\ndaughter to provide for; but if he had, his situation would be a still more\naggravated position.\n\nW. S. HASLEDEN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON A CELEBRATED PASSAGE IN \"ROMEO AND JULIET,\" ACT III. SC. 2.\n\nFew passages in Shakspeare have so often and so ineffectually been\n\"winnowed\" as the opening of the beautiful and passionate soliloquy of\nJuliet, when ardently and impatiently invoking night's return, which was to\nbring her newly betrothed lover to her arms. It stands thus in the first\nfolio, from which the best quarto differs only in a few unimportant points\nof orthography:\n\n \"Gallop apace, you fiery footed steedes,\n  Towards Phoebus' lodging, such a wagoner\n  As Phaeton should whip you to the wish,\n  And bring in cloudie night immediately.\n  Spred thy close curtaine, Loue-performing night,\n  That run-awayes eyes may wincke, and Romeo\n  Leape to these armes, untalkt of and unseene\", &c.\n\nThe older commentators do not attempt to change the word _run-awayes_, but\nseek to explain it. Warburton says Phoebus is the runaway. Steevens has a\nlong argument to prove that Night is the runaway. Douce thought Juliet\nherself was the runaway; and at a later period the Rev. Mr. Halpin, in a\nvery elegant and ingenious essay, attempts to prove that by the runaway we\nmust understand Cupid.\n\nMR. KNIGHT and MR. COLLIER have both of them adopted Jackson's conjecture\nof _unawares_, and have admitted it to the honour of a place in the text,\nbut MR. DYCE has pronounced it to be \"villainous;\" and it must be confessed\nthat it has nothing but a slight similarity to the old word to recommend\nit. MR. DYCE himself has favoured us with three suggestions; the first two\nin his _Remarks on Collier and Knight's Shakspeare_, in 1844, where he\nsays--\n\n    \"That _ways_ (the last syllable of _run-aways_) ought to be _days_, I\n    feel next to certain; but what word originally preceded it I do not\n    pretend to determine:\n\n     'Spread thy close curtain, love-performing Night!\n      That rude/soon (?) Day's eyes may wink, and Romeo\n      Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen,' &c.\"\n\nThe correctors of MR. COLLIER's folio having substituted--\n\n \"That _enemies_ eyes may wink,\"\n\nMR. DYCE, in his recent _Few Notes_, properly rejects that reading, and\nsubmits another conjecture of his own, founded on the supposition that the\nword _roving_ having been written illegibly, _roavinge_ was mistaken for\n_run-awayes_, and proposes to read--\n\n \"That _roving_ eyes may wink.\"\n\nEvery suggestion of MR. DYCE, certainly the most competent of living\ncommentators on Shakspeare, merits attention; but I cannot say that I think\nhe has succeeded in either of his proposed readings.\n\nMonck Mason seems to have had the clearest notion of the requirements of\nthe passage. He saw that \"the word, whatever the meaning of it might be,\nwas intended as a proper name;\" but he was not happy in suggesting\n_renomy_, a French word with an English termination.\n\nIn the course of his note he mentions that Heath, \"the author of the\n_Revisal_, reads '_Rumour's_ eyes may wink;' which agrees in sense with the\nrest of the passage, but differs widely from _run-aways_ in the trace of\nthe letters.\"\n\nI was not conscious of having seen this suggestion of Heath's, when, in\nconsequence of a question put to me by a gentleman of distinguished taste\nand learning, I turned my thoughts to the passage, and at length came to\nthe conclusion that the word must have been _rumourers_, and that from its\nunfrequent occurrence (the only other example of it at present known to me\nbeing one afforded by the poet) the printer mistook it for _runawayes_;\nwhich, when written indistinctly, it may have strongly resembled. I\ntherefore think that we may read with some confidence:\n\n \"Spread thy close curtains, love-performing Night,\n  That _rumourers'_ eyes may wink, and Romeo\n  Leap to these arms, _untalk'd of_ and _unseen_.\"\n\nIt fulfils the requirements of both metre and sense, and the words\n_untalk'd of_ and _unseen_ make it nearly indisputable. I had at first\nthought it might be \"_rumorous_ eyes;\" but the personification would then\nbe wanting. Shakspeare has personified _Rumour_ in the Introduction to the\nSecond Part of _King Henry IV._; and in _Coriolanus_, Act IV. Sc. 6., we\nhave--\n\n \"Go see this _rumourer_ whipp'd.\"\n\nI am gratified by seeing that I have anticipated your able correspondent,\nthe REV. MR. ARROWSMITH, in his elucidation of \"_clamour_ your tongues,\" by\nciting the same passage from Udall's _Apophthegmes_, in my _Vindication of\nthe Text of Shakspeare_, p. 79. It is a pleasure which must console me for\nhaving subjected myself to his just animadversion on another occasion. If\nthose who so egregiously blunder are to be spared the castigation justly\nmerited, we see by late occurrences to what it may lead; and your\ncorrespondent, in my judgment, is conferring a favour on all true lovers of\nour great poet by exposing pretension and error, from whatever quarter it\nmay come,--a duty which has been sadly neglected in some late partial\nreviews of MR. COLLIER's \"clever\" corrector. MR. ARROWSMITH's\ncommunications have been so truly _ad rem_, that I think I shall be\nexpressing the sentiments of all your readers interested in such {4}\nmatters, in expressing an earnest desire for their continuance.\n\nS. W. SINGER.\n\nMickleham.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON THE PASSAGE FROM \"KING LEAR.\"\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 592.)\n\nWill you allow me to suggest to your ingenious Leeds correspondent (whose\ncommunications would be read with only the more pleasure if they evinced a\nlittle more respect for the opinions of others) that before he asserts the\nexistence of a certain error which he points out in a passage in _King\nLear_ to be \"undeniable,\" it would be desirable that he should support this\nimproved reading by other passages from Shakspeare, or from cotemporary\nwriters, in which the word he proposes occurs? For my own part, I think\nA. E. B.'s suggestion well worthy of consideration, but I cannot admit that\nit \"demonstrates itself,\" or \"that any attempt to support it by argument\nwould be absurd,\" for it would unquestionably strengthen his case to show\nthat the verb \"recuse\" was not entirely obsolete in Shakspeare's time.\nNeither can I admit that there is an \"obvious opposition between _means_\nand _defects_,\" the two words having no relation to each other. The\nquestion is, which of two words must be altered; and at present I must own\nI am inclined to put more faith in the authority of \"the old corrector\"\nthan in A. E. B.\n\nHaving taken up my pen on this subject, allow me to remark upon the manner\nin which MR. COLLIER's folio is referred to by your correspondent. I have\ncarefully considered many of the emendations proposed, and feel in my own\nmind satisfied that _so great a number_ that, in the words of your\ncorrespondent, _demonstrate themselves_, could not have been otherwise than\nadopted from some authority. Even in the instance of the passage from Henry\nV., \"on a table of green friese,\" which A. E. B. selects, I presume, as\nbeing especially absurd, I think \"the old corrector\" right; although I had\nfrequently cited Theobald's correction as particularly happy, and therefore\nthe new version was at first to me very distasteful. But, whatever opinion\nmay be held as to the value of the book, it is surely unbecoming to the\ndiscussion of a literary question to indulge in the unsparing insinuations\nthat have been thrown out on all sides respecting it. I leave out of\nquestion the circumstance, that the long and great services of MR. COLLIER\nought to protect him at least from such unworthy treatment.\n\nSAMUEL HICKSON.\n\nP.S.--Since writing the above, I have seen MR. KEIGHTLEY's letter. I hope\nhe will not deprive the readers of \"N. & Q.\" of the benefit of his valuable\ncommunications for the offences of one or two. He might consider, first,\nthat his own dignity would suffer least by letting them pass by him \"as the\nidle wind;\" and, secondly, that some allowance should be made for gentlemen\nwho engage in controversy on a subject which, strangely enough, next to\nreligion, seems to be most productive of discord.\n\nS. H.\n\n \"I have no way, and therefore want no eyes;\n  I stumbled when I saw. Full oft 'tis seen\n  Our means _secure_ us; and our mere defects\n  Prove our commodities.\"\n\nDoes not Shakspeare here use _secure_ as a verb, in the sense \"to make\ncareless?\" If so, the passage would mean, \"Our means,\" that is, our power,\nour strength, make us wanting in care and vigilance, and too\nself-confident. Gloucester says, \"I stumbled when I saw;\" meaning, When I\nhad eyes I walked carelessly; when I had the \"means\" of seeing and avoiding\nstumbling-blocks, I stumbled and fell, because I walked without care and\nwatchfulness. Then he adds, \"And our mere defects prove our commodities.\"\nOur deficiencies, our weaknesses (the sense of them), make us use such care\nand exertions as to prove advantages to us. Thus the antithesis is\npreserved.\n\nHow scriptural is the first part of the passage!\n\n    \"Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall.\"--1 Cor. x.\n    12.\n\n    \"He hath said in his heart, Tush, I shall never be cast down; there\n    shall no harm happen unto me.\"--Ps. x. 6.\n\nThe second part is also scriptural:\n\n    \"My strength is made perfect in weakness.\"--2 Cor. xii. 9.\n\n    \"When I am weak then am I strong.\"--2 Cor. xii. 10.\n\nIn _Timon of Athens_ we find _secure_ used as verb \"_Secure_ thy\nheart.\"--Act II. Sc. 2.\n\nAgain, in _Othello_:\n\n    \"I do not so _secure_ me in the error.\"--Act I. Sc. 3.\n\nIn Du Cange's _Gloss._ is the verb \"_Securare_ nude pro securum reddere.\"\nIn the \"Alter Index sive Glossarium\" of Ainsworth's _Dictionary_ is the\nverb \"_Securo_, as ... to live carelessly.\" In the \"Verba partim Graeca\nLatine scripta, partim barbara,\" &c., is \"_Securo_, as securum reddo.\"\n\nThe _means_ of the hare in the fable for the race (that is, her swiftness)\n_secured_ her; the defects of the tortoise (her slowness) proved her\n_commodity_.\n\nF. W. J.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMANNERS OF THE IRISH.\n\nThe following are extracts from a MS. volume of the sixteenth century,\ncontaining, _inter alia_, notes of the Manners and Superstitions of the {5}\nCeltic Irish. Some of our readers may be able to elucidate the obscure\nreferences:\n\n \"The Irish men they have a farme,\n  They kepp the bread,\n    And make _boyranne_.\n  They make butter and eatt _molchan_.\n  And when they haue donne\n    They have noe shamm.\n  They burne the strawe and make _loisbran_.\n  They eatt the flesh and drinke the broth,\n  And when they have done they say\n  _Deo gracias is smar in Doieagh_.\"\n\nThe next appears to be a scrap of a woman's song:\n\n \"Birch and keyre 'tis wal veyre a spyunyng deye a towme.\n  I am the geyest mayed of all that brought the somer houme.\n  Justice Deyruse in my lopp, and senscal in my roame,\" &c.\n\nJohn Devereux was Justiciary of the Palatinate Liberty of Wexford in the\nearly part of Henry VIII.'s reign. That Palatinate was then governed by a\nseneschal or \"senscal.\" The justice would seem to have been a gallant and\n_sensual_ man, and the song may have been a little satirical. Among the\nnotes of the \"Manners\" of the Irish, it is declared that--\n\n    \"Sett them a farme--the grandfather, father, son, and they clayme it as\n    their own: if not, they goe to rebellion.\"\n\nWill any antiquary versed in Celtic customs explain whether this claim of\npossession grew out of any Celtic usage of tenancy? And also point out\nauthorities bearing upon the customs of Celtic agricultural tenancy?\n\nThe next extract bears upon the communication at Vol. vii., p. 332.:\n\n    \"An _Ultagh_ hath three purses. He runneth behind dore to draw his\n    money: one cutteth the throte of another.\"\n\nNow, was an _Ultagh_ an Irish usurer or money-lender? Your correspondent at\npage 332. requests information respecting Roger Outlaw. Sir William Betham,\nin a note to the \"Proceedings against Dame Alice Ugteler,\" the famous\npseudo-Kilkenny witch, remarks that \"the family of Utlagh were seated in\nDublin, and filled several situations in the corporation.\" Utlagh and\nOutlaw are the same surnames. The named Utlagh also occurs in the Calendar\nof Printed Irish Patent Rolls. William Utlagh, or Outlaw, was a _banker_\nand _money-lender_ in Kilkenny, in the days of Edward I. He was the first\nhusband of the witch, and brother of Friar Roger Outlaw. In favour of the\nlatter, who was Prior of Kilmainham, near Dublin, a mandamus, dated 10 Edw.\nII., was issued for arrears due to him since he was \"justice and\nchancellor, and even lieutenant of the justiciary, as well in the late\nking's time as of the present king's.\" He was appointed Lord Justice, or\ndeputy to the Lord Lieutenant, by patent dated Mar. 15, 9 Edw. III.\n\nMany of the Irish records having been lost, your correspondent will do an\nobliging service in pointing out the repository of the discovered roll.\nPerhaps steps might be taken for its restoration.\n\nH.\n\n    [The following communication from our valued correspondent, the REV.\n    H. T. ELLACOMBE, affords at once a satisfactory reply to H's Query, and\n    a proof of the utility of \"N. & Q.\"]\n\n_Roger Outlawe_ (Vol. vii., p. 559.).--Thanks to ANON. and others for their\ninformation.\n\nAs for \"in viiij mense,\" I cannot understand it: I copied it as it was sent\nto me. B. Etii was an error of the press for R. Etii, but I purposely\navoided noticing it, because my very first communication on the subject to\n\"N. & Q.,\" under my own name and address, opened a very pleasing\ncorrespondence, which has since led to the restoration of these Irish\ndocuments to their congeners among the public records in Dublin; a\ngentleman having set out most chivalrously from that city at his own cost\nto recover them, and I am happy to say he has succeeded; and in the\n_English Quarterly Magazine_ there will soon appear, I believe, an account\nof the documents in question. It would not, therefore, become me to give in\nthis place the explanation which has been kindly communicated to me as to\nthe meaning of the last conquest of Ireland; but I have no doubt it will be\nexplained in the _English Quarterly_.\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nRectory, Clyst St. George.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Burial in an erect Posture._--In the north transept of Stanton Harcourt\nChurch, Oxon, the burial-place of the Harcourt family, is a circular slab\nof blue marble in the pavement, in which is inlaid a shield of brass\nbearing the arms of Harcourt,--two bars, dimidiated with those of Beke; the\nlatter, when entire, forming a cros ancree. The brass is not engraved, but\nforms the outline of the shield and arms. It is supposed to be the monument\nof Sir John, son of Sir Richard Harcourt and Margaret Beke, who died 1330.\n(See extracts from Lord Harcourt's \"Account,\" in the _Oxford Architectural\nGuide_, p. 178.) Tradition relates, if my memory does not mislead me, that\nthe knight was buried beneath this stone in an erect posture, but assigns\nno reason for this peculiarity. Is the probability of this being the case\nsupported by any, and what instances? Or does the legend merely owe its\nexistence to the circular form of the stone? {6} I think that its diameter\nis about two feet. If MR. FRASER has not met with the information already,\nhe may be interested, with reference to his Query on \"Dimidiation\" (Vol.\nvii., p. 548.), in learning that the above mentioned Margaret was daughter\nand coheiress of John Lord Beke of Eresby, who by his will, made the 29th\nof Edw. I., devised the remainder of his arms to be divided between Sir\nRobert de Willoughby and Sir John de Harcourt. And this may lead to the\nfarther Query, whether dimidiation was originally or universally resorted\nto in the case of coheiresses?\n\nCHEVERELLS.\n\n_The Archbishop of Armagh's Cure for the Gout_, 1571.--Extracted from a\nletter from Thomas Lancaster, Archbishop of Armagh, to Lord Burghley, dated\nfrom Dublin, March 25, 1571:--\n\n    \"I am sorofull for that yo^r honor is greved w^{th} the goute, from the\n    w^{ch} I beseche Almighty God deliver you, and send you health; and yf\n    (it) shall please y^r honor to prove a medicen for the same w^{ch} I\n    brought owt of Duchland, and have eased many w^{th} it, I trust in God\n    it shall also do you good, and this it is. Take ij spaniel whelpes of\n    ij dayes olde, scald them, and cause the entrells betaken out, but wash\n    them not. Take 4 ounces brymstone, 4 ounces torpentyn, 1 ounce\n    parmacete, a handfull nettells, and a quantyte of oyle of balme, and\n    putt all the aforesayd in them stamped, and sowe them up and rost them,\n    and take the dropes and anoynt you wheare your grefe is, and by God's\n    grace yo^r honor shall fynd helpe.\"--_From the Original in the State\n    Paper Office._\n\nSPES.\n\n_The last known Survivor of General Wolfe's Army in Canada._--In a recent\nnumber of the _Montreal Herald_, mention is made of more than twenty\npersons whose ages exceed one hundred years. The editor remarks that--\n\n    \"The most venerable patriarch now in Canada is Abraham Miller, who\n    resides in the township of Grey, and is 115 years old. In 1758 he\n    scaled the cliffs of Quebec with General Wolfe, so that his residence\n    in Canada is coincident with British rule in the province. He is\n    attached to the Indians, and lives in all respects like them.\"\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\n_National Methods of Applauding._--Clapping with the hands is going out of\nuse in the United States, and stamping with the feet is taking its place.\nWhen Mr. Combe was lecturing on phrenology at the Museum building in\nPhiladelphia twelve or thirteen years ago, he and his auditors were much\nannoyed by the _pedal_ applause of a company in the room above, who were\nlistening to the concerts of a negro band. Complaint was made to the\nauthorities of the Museum Society; but the answer was, that nothing could\nbe done, as stamping of the feet was \"the national method of applauding.\"\n\nThe crying of \"hear him! hear him!\" during the delivery of a speech, is not\nin use in the United States, as an English gentleman discovered who settled\nhere a few years ago. He attended a meeting of the members of the church to\nwhich he had attached himself, and hearing something said that pleased him,\nhe cried out \"hear him! hear him!\" Upon which the sexton came over to him,\nand told him that, unless he kept himself quiet, he would be under the\nnecessity of turning him out of church.\n\nM. E.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_Curious Posthumous Occurrence._--If the following be true, though in ever\nso limited a manner, it deserves investigation. Notwithstanding his\ntwenty-three years' experience, the worthy grave-digger must have been\nmistaken, unless there is something peculiar in the bodies of Bath people!\nBut if the face turns down in any instance, as asserted, it would be right\nto ascertain the cause, and why this change is not general. It is now above\ntwenty years since the paragraph appeared in the London papers:--\n\n    \"A correspondent in the _Bath Herald_ states the following singular\n    circumstance:--'Having occasion last week to inspect a grave in one of\n    the parishes of this city, in which two or three members of a family\n    had been buried some years since, and which lay in very wet ground, I\n    observed that the upper part of the coffin was rotted away, and had\n    left the head and bones of the skull exposed to view. On inquiring of\n    the grave-digger how it came to pass that I did not observe the usual\n    sockets of the eyes in the skull, he replied that what I saw was the\n    hind part of the head (termed the _occiput_, I believe, by anatomists),\n    and that the face was turned, as usual, to the earth!!--Not exactly\n    understanding his phrase 'as usual,' I inquired if the body had been\n    buried with the face upwards, as in the ordinary way; to which he\n    replied to my astonishment, in the affirmative, adding, that in the\n    course of decomposition the face of every individual turns to the\n    earth!! and that, in the experience of three-and-twenty years in his\n    situation, he had never known more than one instance to the contrary.'\"\n\nA. B. C.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nDID CAPTAIN COOK FIRST DISCOVER THE SANDWICH ISLANDS?\n\nIn a French atlas, dated 1762, in my possession, amongst the numerous\nnon-existing islands laid down in the map of the Pacific, and the still\nmore numerous cases of omission inevitable at so early a period of\nPolynesian discovery, there is inserted an island styled \"I. St. Francois,\"\nor \"I. S. Francisco,\" which lies in {7} about 20deg N. and 224deg E. from\nthe meridian of Ferro, and, of course, almost exactly in the situation of\nOwhyhee. That this large and lofty group may have been seen by some other\nvoyager long before, is far from improbable; but, beyond a question, Cooke\nwas the first to visit, describe, and lay them down correctly in our maps.\nProfessor Meyen, however, as quoted in Johnston's _Physical Atlas_,\nmentions these islands in terms which would almost lead one to suppose that\nhe, the Professor, considered them to have been known to the Spaniards in\nAnson's time or earlier, and that they had been regular calling places for\nthe galleons in those days! It is difficult to conceive such a man capable\nof such a mistake; but if he did not suppose them to have been discovered\nbefore Cook's voyage in 1778, his words are singularly calculated to\ndeceive the reader on that point.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSUPERSTITION OF THE CORNISH MINERS.\n\nMR. KINGSLEY records a superstition of the Cornish miners, which I have not\nseen noted elsewhere. In reply to the question, \"What are the _Knockers_?\"\nTregarva answers:\n\n    \"They are _the ghosts_, the miners hold, _of the Old Jews that\n    crucified our Lord, and were sent for slaves by the Roman emperors to\n    work the mines_: and we find their old smelting-houses, which we call\n    _Jews' houses_, and their blocks of the bottom of the great bogs, which\n    we call _Jews' tin_: and then, a town among us, too, which we call\n    _Market Jew_, but the old name was _Marazion_, that means the\n    Bitterness of Zion, they tell me; and bitter work it was for them no\n    doubt, poor souls! We used to break into the old shafts and adits which\n    they had made, and find old stags-horn pickaxes, that crumbled to\n    pieces when we brought them to grass. And they say that if a man will\n    listen of a still night about those old shafts, he may hear the ghosts\n    of them at working, knocking, and picking, as clear as if there was a\n    man at work in the next level.\"--_Yeast; a Problem_: Lond. 1851, p.\n    255.\n\nMiners, as a class, are peculiarly susceptible of impressions of the unseen\nworld, and the superstitions entertained by them in different parts of the\nworld would form a curious volume. Is there any work on Cornish folk lore\nwhich alludes to this superstition respecting the Jews? It would be\nuseless, I dare say, to consult Carew, or Borlase; besides, I have not them\nby me.\n\nApropos to Cornish matters, a dictionary with a very tempting title was\nadvertised for publication two or three years ago:\n\n    \"Geslevar Cernewac, a Dictionary of the Cornish Dialect of the Cymraeg\n    or ancient British Language, in which the words are elucidated by\n    numerous examples from the Cornish works now remaining, with\n    translations in English: and the synonyms in Welsh, Armoric, Irish,\n    Gaelic, and Manx, so as to form a Celtic Lexicon. By the Rev. Robert\n    Williams, M.A., Oxon., to be published in one vol. 4to. price 31s. 6d.\"\n\nWhen shall we see this desirable lexicon? I was reminded of it the other\nday by hearing of the subscriptions on foot for the publication of the\ngreat Irish dictionary, which the eminent Irish scholars Messrs. O'Donovan\nand Curry have had in hand for many years.\n\nEIRIONNACH.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Clerical Duel._--I shall be obliged to any correspondent who will supply\nthe name of the courtier referred to in the following anecdote, which is to\nbe found in Burckhardt's _Kirchen-Geschichte der Deutschen Gemeinden in\nLondon_, Tub. 1798, p. 77.\n\nAnton Wilhelm Boehme, who came over as chaplain with Prince George of\nDenmark, officiated at the German Chapel, St. James's, from the year 1705\nto 1722. He was a favourite of Queen Anne, and a friend of Isaac Watts. On\none occasion he preached against adultery in a way which gave great offence\nto one of the courtiers present, who conceived that a personal attack on\nhimself was intended. He accordingly sent a challenge to the preacher,\nwhich was without hesitation accepted; and at the time and place appointed\nthe chaplain made his appearance in full canonicals, with his Bible in his\nhand, and gave the challenger a lecture which led to their reconciliation\nand friendship.\n\nI should like also to know whether there is any other authority for the\nstory than that which I leave quoted.\n\nS. R. MAITLAND.\n\nGloucester\n\n_Pistol._--What is the date of the original introduction of this word into\nour vocabulary in either of the senses in which it is equivocally used by\nFalstaff in 1 _Henry IV._, Act. V. Sc. 3.? In the sense of fire-arms,\npistols seem to have been unknown by that name as late as the year 1541;\nfor the stat. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 6., after reciting the murders, &c.\ncommitted \"with cross-bows, little short hand-guns, and little hagbuts,\"\nprohibits the possession of \"any hand-gun other than such as shall be in\nthe stock and gun of the length of one whole yard, or any hagbut or\ndemihake other than such as shall be in the stock and gun of the length of\nthree quarters of one yard.\" But throughout the act there is no mention of\nthe word \"pistol.\"\n\nJ. F. M.\n\n_Council of Laodicca, Canon 35._--Can any of your readers inform me\nwhether, in any early work on the Councils, the word _angelos_ is in the\ntext, without having _angulos_ in the margin? If so, oblige me by stating\nthe editions.\n\nCLERICUS (D).\n\n{8}\n\n_Pennycomequick, adjoining Plymouth._--The Bath and West of England\nAgricultural Society held their recent annual meeting here. Will any of\nyour correspondents oblige me with the derivation of this remarkable word?\n\nR. H. B.\n\n_Park the Antiquary._--In a note to the third volume (p. lxxiii.) of the\n_Grenville Correspondence_ the following passage: \"Barker has printed a\nsecond note, which Junius is supposed to have written to Garrick, upon the\nauthority of Park the antiquary, _who states_ that he found it in a\n_cotemporary newspaper_,\" &c. This is not strictly correct. Barker says (p.\n190.), \"The letter was found in a copy of Junius belonging to [Query, which\n_had_ belonged to?] T. Park, &c. He had [Query, it is presumed?] cut it out\nof a newspaper; but unfortunately has omitted to furnish the date of the\nnewspaper.\" [Query, How then known to be cotemporary?] The difference is\nimportant; but where is the copy containing this letter? By whom has it\nbeen seen? By whom and when first discovered? Where did Barker find the\nstory recorded? When and where first printed?\n\nP. T. A.\n\n_Honorary D.C.L.'s._--It was mentioned in a report of proceedings at the\nlate Installation, that the two _royal personages_ honoured with degrees,\nhaving been doctored by diploma, would be entitled to vote in\nConvocation,--a privilege not possessed by the common tribe of honorary\nD.C.L.'s.\n\nCan you inform me whether Dr. Johnson had, or ever exercised, the right\nreferred to in virtue of his M.A. degree (conferred on the publication of\nthe _Dictionary_), or of the higher academical dignity to which his name\nhas given such a world-wide celebrity?\n\nCANTABRIGIENSIS.\n\n_Battle of Villers en Couche._--Some of your correspondents, better versed\nthan myself in military matters, will doubtless render me assistance by\nreplying to this Query. Where can I find a copious and accurate account of\nthe battle, or perhaps I should rather say skirmish, of Villers en Couche?\nIf I am rightly informed, it must be one of the most remarkable actions on\nrecord, when the comparative numbers of the troops engaged are taken into\nconsideration. We have, as an heirloom in our family, a medal won by an\nofficer on that occasion: it is suspended from a red and white ribbon, and\nis inscribed thus:\n\n   \"FORTITUDINE\n  VILLERS EN COUCHE.\n      24th APRIL,\n        1794.\"\n\nI do not remember to have read any account of the battle; but, as I have\nheard from the lips of one who gained his information from the officer\nbefore alluded to, the particulars were these:--General Mansell, with a\nforce consisting of two squadrons of the 15th Hussars, and one squadron of\nthe German Legion, _two hundred and seventy-two_ in all, charged a body of\nthe French army, _ten thousand_ strong. The French were formed in a hollow\nsquare: but five times, as I am informed, did our gallant troops charge\ninto and out of the square, till the French, struck with a sudden panic,\nretreated with a loss of twelve hundred men. I am desirous of\nauthenticating this almost incredible account, and shall be thankful for\nsuch information as may guide me to an authoritative record of the action\nin question.\n\nW. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\n_Dr. Misaubin._--Will any of your numerous correspondents give me any\ninformation, or refer me to any work where I can find it, respecting Dr.\nMisaubin, who appears to have practised in London during the first half of\nthe last century? What was the peculiarity of his practice?\n\nGRIFFIN.\n\n_Kemble, Willet, and Forbes._--What are the two concluding lines of an\nepigram published ten or twelve years ago, beginning,--\n\n \"The case of Kemble, Willet, and Forbes,\n  Much of the Chancellor's time absorbs;\n  If I were the Chancellor I should tremble\n  At the mention of Willet, Forbes, and Kemble\"?\n\nUNEDA.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_Piccalyly._--The ornament, somewhat between a hood, a scarf, and an\narmlet, worn hanging over the right shoulder of judges and serjeants at\nlaw, is called a _piccalyly_. What is the origin of this peculiarity of\njudicial costume, what are the earliest examples of it, and what its\netymology?\n\nNO JUDGE.\n\n_Post-Office about 1770._--Mr. Smith, in the notes prefixed to the\n_Grenville Correspondence_, says several of Junius's letters appear to have\nbeen sent from the same post-office \"as the post-mark is '_peny_ post\npayd,'\"--a peculiarity of spelling not likely to occur often. Have any of\nyour correspondents letters of that date with a like post-mark? and, if so,\ncan they tell us _where_ posted?\n\nP. A. O.\n\n\"_Carefully examined and well-authenticated._\"--I agree with MR. CRAMP\n(Vol. vii., p. 569.) that \"the undecided question of the authorship of\nJunius requires that every statement should be carefully examined, and (as\nfar as possible) only well-authenticated facts be admitted as evidence.\" I\ntake leave, therefore, to remind him that my question (Vol. iii., p. 262.)\nremains unanswered; that I am anxious that he should authenticate his\nstatement (p. 63.), and name some of the \"many\" {9} persons in whose\nlibraries vellum-bound copies of Junius have been found.\n\nV. B.\n\n_Sir Heister Ryley._--Who was the author of the _Visions of Sir Heister\nRyley_, and whence did it derive its name? It was published in 1710, and\nconsists of papers periodically published on serious subjects. It was one\nof the many short-lived periodicals that sprung up in imitation of the\n_Tatler_, and appears to have died a natural death at the end of the\nso-called first volume.\n\nH. T. RILEY.\n\n_Effigies with folded Hands._--On the south side of Llangathen Church,\nCarmarthenshire, is a huge monument (of the style well designated as\nbedstead) for Dr. Anthony Rudd, Bishop of St. David's, and Anne Dalton, his\nwife, 1616, with their recumbent effigies, and those of four sons kneeling\nat their head and feet. From all these figures the iconoclasts had smitten\nthe hands upraised in prayer, and they have been replaced by plaister hands\nfolded on the bosom. The effect is singular. Is there any other instance of\nsuch restoration?\n\nE. D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Passage in Bishop Horsley._--In the Introduction to _Utrum Horum_, a\nrather curious work by Henry Care, being a comparison of the Thirty-nine\nArticles with the doctrines of Presbyterians on the one hand, and the\ntenets of the Church of Rome on the other, is an extract from Dr.\nHakewill's _Answer_ (1616) _to Dr. Carier_, \"an apostate to Popery.\" In it\noccurs the following passage: \"And so, through Calvin's sides, you strike\nat the throat and heart of our religion.\" Will you allow me to ask if a\nsimilar expression is not used by Bishop Horsley in some one of his\nCharges?\n\nS. S. S.\n\n    [The following passage occurs in the bishop's Charge to the clergy of\n    St. Asaph in 1806, p. 26. \"Take especial care, before you aim your\n    shafts at Calvinism, that you know what is Calvinism, and what is not:\n    that in that mass of doctrine, which it is of late become the fashion\n    to abuse under the name of Calvinism, you can distinguish with\n    certainty that part of it which is nothing better than Calvinism, and\n    that which belongs to our common Christianity, and the general faith of\n    the Reformed Churches; _lest, when you mean only to fall foul of\n    Calvinism, you should unwarily attack something more sacred and of\n    higher origin_.\"]\n\n\"_Marry come up!_\"--What is the origin of this expression, found in the old\nnovelists? It perhaps originates in an adjuration of the Virgin Mary. If\nso, how did it gain its present form?\n\nH. T. RILEY.\n\n    [Halliwell explains it as an interjection equivalent to indeed! _Marry\n    on us, marry come up, Marry come out_, interjections given by Brockett.\n    _Marry and shall_, that I will! _Marry come up, my dirty cousin_, a\n    saying addressed to any one who affects excessive delicacy.]\n\n_Dover Court._--What is the origin of the expression of a \"_Dover Court_,\nwhere all are talkers and none are hearers?\" There is a place called by\nthis name in the vicinity of Harwich?\n\nH. T. RILEY.\n\n    [There is a legend, that Dover-Court Church in Essex once possessed a\n    miraculous cross which spoke, thus noticed in the _Collier of Croydon_:\n\n     \"And how the rood of _Dovercot_ did speak,\n      Confirming his opinions to be true.\"\n\n    So that it is possible, as Nares suggests, that this church was the\n    scene of confusion alluded to in the proverb: \"Dover Court, all\n    speakers and no hearers.\" Fox, in his _Martyrology_, vol. ii. p. 302.,\n    states, that \"a rumour was spread that no man could shut the door,\n    which therefore stood open night and day; and that the resort of people\n    to it was much and very great.\"]\n\n_Porter._--In what book is the word _porter_, meaning the malt liquor so\ncalled, first found? I have an impression that the earliest use of it that\nI have seen is in Nicholas Amherst's _Terrae Filius_, about 1726.\n\nH. T. RILEY.\n\n    [We doubt whether an earlier use of this word, as descriptive of a malt\n    liquor, will be found than the one noticed by our correspondent; for it\n    was only about 1722 that Harwood, a London brewer, commenced brewing\n    this liquor, which he called \"entire,\" or \"entire butt,\" implying that\n    it was drawn from one cask or butt. It subsequently obtained the name\n    of _porter_, from its consumption by porters and labourers.]\n\n_Dr. Whitaker's Ingenious Earl._--\n\n    \"To our equal surprise and vexation at times, we find the ancients\n    possessed of degrees of physical knowledge with which we were mostly or\n    entirely unacquainted ourselves. I need not appeal in proof of this to\n    that extraordinary operation of chemistry, by which Moses reduced the\n    golden calf to powder, and then give it mingled with water as a drink\n    to the Israelites; an operation the most difficult in all the processes\n    of chemistry, and concerning which it is a sufficient honour for the\n    moderns to say, that they have once or twice practised it. I need not\n    appeal to the mummies of Egypt, in which the art of embalming bodies is\n    so eminently displayed, that all attempts at imitation have only showed\n    the infinite superiority of the original to the copy. I need not appeal\n    to the gilding upon those mummies so fresh in its lustre; to the\n    stained silk of them, so vivid in its colours after a lapse of 3000\n    years; to the ductility and malleability of glass, discovered by an\n    artist of Rome in the days of Tiberius, but instantly lost by the\n    immediate murder of the man under the orders of the emperor, and just\n    now boasted vainly to be re-discovered by the wildly eccentric, yet\n    vividly vigorous, genius of that earl who professes to teach law to my\n    lord chancellor, and divinity to my lords the {10} bishops, who\n    proposes to send ship, by the force of steam, with all the velocity of\n    a ball from the mouth of a cannon, and who pretends by the power of his\n    steam-impelled oars to beat the waters of the ocean into the hardness\n    of adamant; or to the burning-glasses of Archimedes, recorded in their\n    effects by credible writers, actually imitated by Proclus at the siege\n    of Constantinople with Archimedes' own success, yet boldly pronounced\n    by some of our best judges, demonstrably impracticable in themselves,\n    and lately demonstrated by some faint experiments to be very\n    practicable, the skill of the moderns only going so far as to render\n    credible the practices of the ancients.\"--_The Course of Hannibal___,\n    by John Whitaker, B.D., 1794, vol. ii. p. 142.\n\nWho was the earl whose universality of genius is described above by this\n\"laudator temporis acti?\"\n\nH. J.\n\n    [Charles Earl Stanhope, whose versatility of talent succeeded in\n    abolishing the old wooden printing-press, with its double pulls, and\n    substituting in its place the beautiful iron one, called after him the\n    \"Stanhope Press.\" His lordship's inventive genius, however, failed in\n    the composing-room; for his transmogrified letter-cases, with his eight\n    logotypes, once attempted at _The Times'_ office, were soon abandoned,\n    and the old process of single letters preferred.]\n\n_Dissimulate._--Where is the earliest use of this word to be found? It is\nto be met with in Bernard Mandeville's _Fable of the Bees_, 1723; but is\nnot to be found, I think, in any dictionary. I was once heavily censured at\nschool for using it in my theme; but I have more than once of late seen it\nused in a leading article of _The Times_.\n\nH. T. RILEY.\n\n    [_Dissimulate_ occurs in Richardson's Dictionary, with the two\n    following examples:\n\n     \"Under smiling she was _dissimulate_,\n      Prouocatiue with blinkes amorous.\"\n                  Chaucer, _The Testament of Creseide_.\n\n    \"We commaunde as kynges, and pray as men, that al thyng be forgiuen to\n    theim that be olde and broken, and to theim that be yonge and lusty, to\n    _dissimulate_ for a time, and nothyng to be forgiuen to very yong\n    children.\"--_Golden Boke_, c. ix.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nBISHOP KEN.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 526.)\n\nBy converting a noun into a surname, Dodsley has led J. J. J. into a\nnatural, but somewhat amusing mistake. The lines quoted are in Horace\nWalpole's well-known epistle, from Florence, addressed to his college\nfriend T[homas] A[shton,] tutor of the Earl of P[lymouth].\n\nIn Walpole's _Fugitive Pieces_, printed at Strawberry Hill, 1758 (the copy\nof which, now before me, was given by Walpole to Cole in 1762, and contains\nseveral notes by the latter), the passage stands correctly thus:\n\n \"Or, with wise ken, judiciously define,\n  When Pius marks the honorary coin,\n  Of Carnealla, or of Antonine.\"\n\nYour correspondent refers to an edition of the _Collection of Poems_ of\n1758. In a much later edition of that work, viz. 1782, the line is again\nprinted--\n\n \"Or with wise KEN,\" &c.\n\nIt is strange that the mistake was not corrected, at the instance of\nWalpole himself, during this long interval.\n\nTurning to Bishop Ken, I would observe that in his excellent Life of this\nprelate, Mr. Anderdon has given the three well-known hymns \"word for word,\"\nas first penned. These, Mr. A. tells us, are found, for the first time, in\na copy of the _Manual of Prayers For the Use of the Winchester Scholars_,\nprinted in 1700. The bishop's versions vary so very materially from those\nto which we have been accustomed from childhood, that these original copies\nare very interesting. Indeed, within five years after their first\nappearance, and during the author's life, material changes were made,\nseveral of which are retained to the present hour. It must be admitted that\nsome of the stanzas, as they first came from the bishop's pen, are\nsingularly rugged and inharmonious, almost justifying the request made by\nthe lady to Byrom (as I have stated elsewhere[1]), \"to revise and polish\nthe bishop's poems.\" How came these hymns, so far the most popular of his\npoetical works, to be omitted by Hawkins in the collected edition of the\npoems, printed in 4 vols., 1721?\n\nMy present object is, to call your attention to a \"Midnight Hymn,\" by Sir\nThomas Browne, which will be found in his works (vol. ii. p. 113., edit.\nWilkin). Can there be question that to it Ken is indebted for some of the\nthoughts and expressions in two of his own hymns?\n\nThe good bishop's fame will not be lessened by his adopting what was good\nin the works of the learned physician. He doubtless thought far more of the\nbenefit which he could render to the youthful Wykehamists, than of either\nthe originality or smoothness of his own verses.\n\n      _Sir Thomas Browne._\n \"While I do rest, my soul advance;\n  Make my sleep a holy trance:\n  That I may, my rest being wrought,\n  Awake into some holy thought,\n  And with as active vigour run\n  My course as doth the nimble sun.\n\n \"Sleep is a death: O make me try,\n  By sleeping, what it is to die!\n  {11}\n  And as gently lay my head\n  On my grave, as now my bed.\n\n \"These are my drowsy days; in vain\n  I do now wake to sleep again.\n  O come that hour when I shall never\n  Sleep again, but wake for ever!\n\n \"Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,\n  Whose eyes are open while mine close;\n  Let no dreams my head infest,\n  But such as Jacob's temples blest.\"\n\n      _Bishop Ken._\n \"Awake, my soul, and with the sun\n  Thy daily stage of duty run.\n\n \"Teach me to live that I may dread\n  The grave as little as my bed.\n\n \"O when shall I in endless day\n  For ever chase dark sleep away,\n  And endless praise with th' Heavenly choir,\n  Incessant sing and never tire.\n\n \"You, my blest Guardian, whilst I sleep,\n  Close to my bed your vigils keep;\n  Divine love into me instil,\n  Stop all the avenues of ill.\n\n \"Thought to thought, with my soul converse\n  Celestial joys to me rehearse;\n  And in my stead, all the night long,\n  Sing to my God a grateful song.\"\n\nIn the work referred to--one of the most valuable and best edited of modern\ndays--Mr. Wilkin, when speaking of a fine passage on music in the _Religio\nMedici_ (vol. ii. p. 106.), asks whether it may not have suggested to\nAddison the beautiful conclusion of his Hymn on the Glories of Creation:\n\n \"What tho' in solemn silence, all,\" &c.\n\nThis passage in Sir Thomas Browne appears forcibly to have struck the\ngifted author of _Confessions of an English Opium-eater_ (see p. 106. of\nthat work).\n\nJ. H. MARKLAND.\n\n[Footnote 1: _Sketch of Bishop Ken's Life_, p. 107.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOHN'S EDITION OF HOVEDEN.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 579.)\n\nMR. RILEY mistakes my purpose if he thinks that my object was to make a\npersonal attack on him; and for anything in my last communication which may\nhave appeared to possess that tendency, I hereby freely express my regret.\nStill I cannot allow that he has explained away the mistakes of which I\ncomplained, and of which I still have to complain. The kingdom of Cork\n_never_ \"extended to within a short distance of Waterford;\" and the\nterritory of Desmond was _never_ co-extensive with Cork, having been always\nconfined to the county of Kerry. MR. RILEY, therefore, is in error when he\nuses \"Cork\" and \"Desmond\" as synonymous. Again, he falls into the same\nmistake by assuming \"Crook, Hook Point, or The Crook,\" to be synonyms. I\nnever heard that Henry II. landed at Hook Point, which is in the county of\nWexford, and from which a land journey to Waterford would be very\ncircuitous. At Crook, however, on the opposite side of Waterford Harbour,\nand within the shelter of Creden Head, he is said to have done so; and as\nthat point answers pretty exactly to the _Crock_ of Hoveden, why assume\nsome indefinite point of the \"Kingdom of Cork\" as the locality, even\nsupposing that its boundary _did_ approach Waterford city? Really MR.\nRILEY's explanations but make matters worse.\n\nWith regard to \"Erupolensis\" being an _alias_ of Ossoriensis, I may quote\nthe authority of the learned De Burgo, who, speaking of the diocese of\nOssory, observes:\n\n    \"Quandoque tamen nuncupata erat _Eyrupolensis_ ab _Eyro_ Flumine, vulgo\n    _Neoro_, quod _Kilkenniam_ alluit.\"--_Hibernia Dominicana_, p. 205.\n    note _i_.\n\nI maintain that the reading public has just cause to complain, not (as I\nsaid on a former occasion) because the editor of such a book as Hoveden's\n_Annals_ does not know everything necessary to elucidate his author, but\nbecause baseless conjectures are put forward as elucidations of the text.\n\nJAMES GRAVES.\n\nKilkenny.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOLERIDGE'S CHRISTABEL.\n\n(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 292.)\n\nIt is difficult to believe that the third part of _Christabel_, published\nin Blackwood for June, 1819, vol. v. p. 286., could have either \"perplexed\nthe public,\" or \"pleased Coleridge.\" In the first place, it was avowedly\nwritten by \"Morgan Odoherty;\" and in the next, it is too palpable a parody\nto have pleased the original author, who could hardly have been satisfied\nwith the raving rhapsodies put into his mouth, or with the treatment of his\ninnocent and virtuous heroine. This will readily be supposed when it is\nknown that the Lady Geraldine is made out to have been a man in woman's\nattire, and that \"the mark of Christabel's shame, the seal of her sorrow,\"\nis neither more nor less than the natural consequence of her having shared\nher chamber with such a visitor.\n\nIs your correspondent A. B. R. correct in stating this parody to have been\nthe composition of Dr. Maginn? In the biography of this brilliant writer in\nthe twenty-third volume of the _Dublin University Magazine_, Dr. Moir, who\nhad undoubtedly good opportunities of knowing, mentions that his first\ncontribution to _Blackwood_ was the Latin translation of \"Chevy Chase,\" in\nthe number for November 1819; if this be correct, many of the cleverest\npapers that appeared under the name of Odoherty, and which are all\npopularly attributed {12} to Maginn, must have been the work of other\nauthors, a circumstance which I had been already led to suspect from the\nfrequent local allusions to Scotland in general, and to Edinburgh in\nparticular, which could have scarcely proceeded from the pen of a native of\nCork, who had then never visited Scotland. Since Dr. Moir's own death, it\nappears that the _Eve of St. Jerry_, and the _Rhyme of the Auncient\nWaggonere_, have been claimed for him, as well as some other similar\npieces; and I believe that the series of _Boxiana_, which also appeared\nunder the name of the renowned ensign and adjutant, was written by\nProfessor Wilson. Maginn's contributions were at first under various\nsignatures, and some time elapsed before he made use of the _nom de guerre_\nof Morgan Odoherty, which eventually became so identified with him.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\nPaternoster Row.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nITS.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 578.)\n\nI am sorry to intrude upon your valuable space again in reference to this\nlittle word, but the inquiry of MR. RYE (p. 578.), and other reasons,\nrender it desirable. The truth is that MR. KEIGHTLEY, MR. RYE and myself,\nare more or less mistaken. 1. MR. KEIGHTLEY, in his quotation from\nFairfax's _Tasso_ (MR. SINGER's accurate reprint, 1817), has _his_ in both\nlines. 2. MR. RYE, in understanding me to refer to any translation proper;\nunless Sternhold and Hopkins are to be considered as having produced one.\n3. Myself, in supposing the old metrical version in the Book of Common\nPrayer originally had the word _its_. I copied from the Oxford edition in\nfol. of 1770; but a 4to. edition, \"printed by Iohn Daye, dwelling over\nAldersgate, anno 1574,\" does not exhibit the word in the places specified;\nwe have instead _her_ in both places.\n\nHitherto, then, the oldest examples of the use of this word have been\nadduced from Shakspeare. These are to be found in the first folio, but are\nin each case printed with the apostrophe after the _t_,--_it's_. This\nmethod of writing the word, however, soon disappeared, for in a treatise of\nPemble's, printed 1635 (the author died in 1623), it appears as we write it\nnow:\n\n    \"If faith alone by _its_ own virtue and force.\"--_Works_, fol. p. 171.\n\nI have not observed the fact remarked, that besides the use of _his, her,\nhereof, thereof, of it_, and _the_, it was customary to employ the\nunchanged word _it_ for the possessive case. I will give an example or two.\nIn the Genevan version, at Rom. viii. 20., we read \"Not of _it_ owne\nwille.\" This passage is thus quoted in 1611 and in 1622, but in a later\nedition of the same work, 1656, _its_ is substituted for _it_. I have a\nnote of one other instance from Perkins on Rev. ii. 28. (ed. 1606): \"For as\nthe sunne in the spring time quickeneth by _it_ warme beames.\"\n\nIn conclusion, may I request that if any genuine instance of the use of\nthis word _its_, is observed by any of your many contributors, they will\ncommunicate the fact to you? At present we can only go back to Shakspeare,\nin his _Winter's Tale_ and _Henry VIII_.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFAMILY OF MILTON'S WIDOW.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 596.)\n\nAs your correspondent CRANMORE has long been a deserter from the ranks of\n\"N. & Q.,\" I may perhaps, without presumption, for once \"stand in his\nshoes,\" and reply to the challenge addressed to him by V. M.\n\nMuch obscurity has all along prevailed among the many biographers of\nMilton, in reference to the family of Elizabeth Minshull, his third wife,\nand eventually, for more than fifty years, his widow. Philips, Warton,\nTodd, and numerous others, state her to have been \"the daughter of Mr.\nMinshull, of Cheshire,\"--a very vague assertion when we consider that there\nwere at least three or four different families of that name then existing\nin the county. Pennant, who delighted in particularities, sometimes even at\nthe expense of historical fact, tells us, for the first time, in 1782, that\nshe was the daughter of Mr. (or Sir) Edward Minshull, of Stoke, near\nNantwich, and that she died at the latter town in March, 1726, at an\nadvanced age. Mr. Ormerod, again, whose splendid _History of Cheshire_ will\nbe the standard authority of the county for ages after he himself is\ncarried to his fathers, has unfortunately adopted the same conclusion, and\nso given a colour, as it were, to this erroneous statement of our Cambrian\nantiquary. The Rev. Benjamin Mardon's paper, printed in the _Journal of the\nBritish Archaeological Association for 1849_, is another and more recent\ninstance of the way in which such errors as this may become perpetuated.\nAnother writer (Palmer) conjectures her to have been the daughter of\nMinshull of Manchester; but this also has been proved to be entirely\ndestitute of foundation.\n\nThe truth of the matter is (and I am indebted to Mr. Fitchett Marsh's clear\nand succinct dissertation in the _Miscellany_ of the Chetham Society for\nthe information), the poet's widow was daughter of Mr. Randle Minshull, of\nWistaston in the county of Chester, whose great-great-grandfather, a\nyounger son of Minshull of Minshull, settled on a small estate there in the\nreign of Queen Elizabeth, and so founded the house of Minshull of\nWistaston. Milton was introduced to his Cheshire wife by his friend Dr.\nPaget; and {13} it was by his advice that the author of _Paradise Lost_\nonce more entered into the bonds of wedlock. Mr. Marsh, to clear up all\ndoubt upon the subject, and having previously established the identity of\nthe family, examined the parish register at Wistaston, and there found that\n\"Elizabeth, the daughter of Randolph Mynshull, was baptized the 30th day of\nDecember, 1638;\" so that, if baptized shortly after birth, she must have\nbeen about twenty-six years old when united to Milton in 1664, and about\neighty-nine at her death, which occurred in 1727.\n\nV. M., and all others who desire farther enlightenment on the subject, will\ndo well to refer to the volume before mentioned, which forms the\ntwenty-fourth of the series published by the Chetham Society.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS OF EMBLEMS--JACOB BEHMEN.\n\n(Vol. vii., pp. 469. 579.)\n\nPerhaps you will allow poor old Jacob Behmen, the inspired cobbler of\nGorlitz, a niche in your temple of writers of emblems. I think he is\nlegitimately entitled to that distinction. His works are nearly all couched\nin emblems; and, besides his own figures, his principles were pictorially\nillustrated by his disciple William Law (the author of _The Way to Divine\nKnowledge_, _The Serious Call_, &c.), in some seventeen simple, and four\ncompound emblematic drawings. Of these the most remarkable, and in fact the\nmost intelligible, are three compound emblems representing the Creation,\nApostasy, and Redemption of Man. Every phase of each stage in the soul's\nhistory is disclosed to view by means of double and single doors. We are\nnow concerned only with such of Behmen's emblematic works as have been\ntranslated into English. The following list contains only those in my own\nlibrary. I am acquainted with no others:\n\n(1.) \"The Works of Jacob Behmen, the Teutonic Theosopher, to which is\nprefixed the Life of the Author, with Figures illustrating his Principles,\nleft by the Rev. William Law, M.A. In four thick Volumes, royal 4to.\nLondon: printed for M. Richardson in Paternoster Row, MDCCLXIV.\" With a\nfine portrait of Behmen facing the title-page of the first volume. This\nedition contains the following works:\n\n    1. Aurora: the Day-spring, or Dawning of the Day in the East; or\n    Morning-redness in the Rising of the Sun: that is, the Root or Mother\n    of Philosophy, Astrology, and Theology, from the True Ground; or, A\n    Description of Nature.\n\n    2. The Three Principles of the Divine Essence of the Eternal: Dark,\n    Light, and Temporary World.\n\n    3. Mysterium Magnum: or an Explanation of the First Book of Moses\n    called Genesis.\n\n    4. Four Tables of Divine Revelation.\n\n    5. The High and Deep-Searching of the Threefold Life of Man, through or\n    according to the Three Principles.\n\n    6. Forty Questions concerning the Soul, proposed by Dr. Balthasar\n    Walter, and answered by Jacob Behmen.\n\n    7. The Treatise of the Incarnation.\n\n    8. The Clavis, or an Explanation of some Principal Points and\n    Expressions.\n\n    9. Signatura Rerum.\n\n    10. Of the Election of Grace; or of God's Will towards Man, commonly\n    called Predestination.\n\n    11. The Way to Christ discovered in the following Treatises:--I. Of\n    True Repentance. II. Of True Resignation. III. Of Regeneration. IV. Of\n    Supernatural Life.\n\n    12. A Discourse between a Soul hungry and thirsty after the Fountain of\n    Life, the sweet Love of Jesus Christ, and a Soul enlightened.\n\n    13. A Treatise of the Four Complexions, or a Consolatory Instruction\n    for a Sad and Assaulted Heart in the Time of Temptation.\n\n    14. A Treatise of Christ's Testament, Baptism, and the Supper.\n\n(2.) \"Theosophic Letters, or Epistles of the Man from God enlightened in\nGrace, Jacob Behmen, of Old Seidenburgh, wherein everywhere [are?] Divine\nBlessed Exhortations to true Repentance and Amendment, as also Plaine\nInstructions concerning the highly worthy and precious Knowledge of the\nDivine and Natural Wisdome; together with a Right Touchstone or Triall of\nthese Times, for an Introduction to the Author's other Writings: published\nin English for the good of the sincere Lovers of true Christianitie, by\nI. S.[2]\" (I have only a MS. copy of this publication.)\n\n(3.) A beautiful MS. translation of \"The Way to Christ.\" This is hardly so\naccurate as the one already referred to, though some of the expressions are\nbetter chosen. The date of this MS. is about 1730, or earlier.\n\n(4.) A fair MS. translation of Jacob Behmen's treatise called \"A\nFundamental Instruction concerning the Earthly and concerning the Heavenly\nMystery; how they two stand in one another, and how in the Earthly the\nHeavenly becometh manifested or revealed, wherein then you shall see Babell\nthe great citty upon Earth stand with its Forms and Wonders; and wherefore,\nor out of what, Babell is generated, and where Antichrist will stand quite\nnaked. Comprised in Nine Texts. Written May 8, 1620, in High Dutch.\" (I\nhave seen no printed translation of this treatise.)\n\n(5.) MS. translation of the fourth treatise of \"The Way to Christ,\" viz.\n\"of the Supersensual Life.\" This is a less accurate rendering than either\nof the others above mentioned.\n\nPerhaps your mystic correspondents will kindly furnish lists of other\npublications and MSS. of {14} \"the Teutonick Theosopher.\" There are sixteen\nmore of his works, of which fifteen are now extant in High Dutch. As old\nBehmen is but little known in this country, save by ill-repute, as having\nled astray William Law in his old age, and, through him, having tinctured\nthe religious philosophy of Coleridge, it way be worth noting, that no less\na philosopher than Schelling (to whom, as we know, Coleridge stood so\ngreatly indebted) stole from the Lusatian shoemaker the corner-stones of\nhis _Philosophy of Nature_.\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n[Footnote 2: J. Sparrow.--ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nRAFFAELLE'S SPOSALIZIO.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 595.)\n\nWith regard to your correspondent MR. G. BRINDLEY ACKWORTH's Query\nrespecting _Raffaelle's Sposalizio_, I am induced to think that the\n_custode_ at the church of the Santa Croce at Florence was right as to his\ninformation. In the copy which I have of the \"Ordo ad faciendum Sponsalia,\"\n_according to the ancient use of Salisbury_, the ring is undoubtedly to be\nplaced on the bride's _right_ hand. Wheatly indeed says, that \"when the man\nespouses his wife with it (_i.e._ the ring), he is to put it _upon the\nfourth finger of her_ left _hand_;\" and then refers, for _the reason_ of\nthis, to the rubric of _Salisbury Manual_, which speaks of the vein going\nfrom this finger directly to the heart.\n\nNow, what are the precise words of this rubric? After giving directions for\nthe benediction of the ring, provided it has not previously been blessed,\nthe rubric goes on thus:\n\n    \"Si autem antea fuerit annulus ille benedictus tunc statim postquam vir\n    posuerit annulum super librum, accipiens sacerdos annulum tradat ipsum\n    viro: quem vir accipiat manu sua dextera cum tribus principalioribus\n    digitis, et manu sua sinistra tenens dexteram sponsae docente sacerdote\n    dicat.\"\n\nThe man is to receive the ring from the priest with the three principal\nfingers of the right hand; and then, holding the _right hand_ of the bride\nwith his own left hand, he shall say, \"With this ring,\" &c. He is then to\nplace the ring on her thumb, saying, \"In nomine Patris;\" then on her second\nfinger, saying \"et Filii;\" then on the third finger, saying \"et Spiritus\nSancti;\" then on the fourth finger, saying \"Amen;\" and there he is to leave\nit. There is not a word said about the bride's _left_ hand, the _right_ is\nalone mentioned; and why should the man hold her _right_ hand with his\n_left_, but that with his _right_ hand he may the more easily place the\nring, _first_ on the _thumb_, then on the other fingers of her _right_\nhand, until it arrives at its ideal destination?\n\nWhile I am upon this subject, allow me to point out another singular\ndirection given in a rubric in this same \"Ordo ad faciendum Sponsalia.\"\nWhen the woman is, as we term it, given away, if she be a spinster, she is\nto have her hand _uncovered_; if a widow, _covered_: the words are--\n\n    \"Deinde detur femina a patre suo, vel ab amicis ejus: quod si _puella_\n    sit, _discoopertam_ habeat _manum_, si _vidua_, _tectam_.\"\n\nThere is no reason given for this distinction, nor do I ever remember to\nhave seen it noticed.\n\nF. B. W.\n\nThe _Sposalizio_, or \"espousals,\" or betrothing, is certainly a different\nceremony from the marriage. Is not the fact of young ladies popularly\nconsidering and calling the third finger of the _right_ hand the engaged\nfinger, and wearing a ring on that finger when engaged, a confirmation of\nyour correspondent's idea, that at this \"betrothal\" or \"espousals\" (compare\nthe phrase \"his espoused wife\" of Mary before her _marriage_ with Joseph)\nthe ring was placed in the _right_ hand; at the marriage ceremony on the\nleft?\n\nSC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWINDFALL.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 285.)\n\nW. W. is desirous of interpreting _windfall_, as necessarily from its\norigin denoting a gain. He is, perhaps, expecting a handsome bequest; I\nwish he may get it; but he may rely on it that the _windfall_ of the\nbequest will be accompanied by the _windfall_ of the \"Succession Act.\" Let\nus hear what our great Doctor says; his first explanation is, \"Fruit blown\ndown from the tree.\"\n\nW. W.'s little boys and girls would deem a _windfall_ of unripe apples, at\nthis time of the year, a good; they will make a pie for dinner. W. W.\nhimself would call it an evil; the ripe crop is ruined.\n\nBut let us see how Johnson illustrates his explanation:\n\n    \"Their _boughs_ were too great for their stem, they became a _windfall_\n    upon the sudden.\"--_Bacon_, Essay 29.\n\nWebster copies this for his first explanation, as he does also our Dr's.\nsecond for his second; but as it is not his plan to illustrate by examples,\nhe is saved from the _eccentricity_ of his original.\n\nIf we refer to Bacon we shall be reminded of Johnson's warning, that by\n\"hasty detruncation the general tendency of a sentence may be changed.\" The\nsentence here so hastily detruncated, stands thus in the Essay:\n\n    \"The Spartans were a nice people in point of naturalisation, whereby\n    while they kept their compasse, they stood firme. But when _they_ did\n    spread, and _their boughes_ were becommen too great for their stemme,\n    they became a _windfall_ upon the suddaine. 'Potentia eorum subito\n    corruit.'\"\n\n_They_, in Johnson's mutilated sentence, refers to the _boughs_; in Bacon,\nto the Spartans; so that, in {15} the first place, the Spartans are\ntransformed into boughs, and, in the next place, the boughs into fruit.\nDetruncation, however, had nothing to do with this latter metamorphosis;\nand I am afraid this is not a solitary instance of lexicographical\nincongruity.\n\nW. W. may assure himself that a windfall is \"whatever _falls_ by the wind,\nor with similar suddenness or unexpectedness, whether bringing good or\nill.\"\n\nAnd if he will take the trouble to refer to \"The Case of Impeachment of\nWaste,\" quoted by MR. ARROWSMITH, Vol. vii., p. 375., he will find, only a\nfew lines before that gentleman's quotation begins, a legal question at\nissue as to the right of property in _windfalls_.\n\nQ.\n\nBloomsbury.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMR. JUSTICE NEWTON.\n\n(Vol. vii., pp. 528. 600.)\n\nIt would greatly enhance the value of contributions to \"N. & Q.,\" save much\ntrouble, and often lead to a more direct intercourse between persons of\nsimilar pursuits, if contributors would drop initials, and sign their own\nproper name and _habitat_; and in saying this, I believe the Editor will\nsecond me. If C. S. G. had done this, I should have been happy to send him\nan envelope full of proofs that Mr. Justice Newton did not die in 1444, for\nthat a fine was levied before him in 1448; that he is not buried in Bristol\nCathedral, but in the Wyke Aisle in Yatton Church, Somerset, where may be\nseen his effigies beautifully carved in alabaster, in his judge's robes,\nand his head resting on a wheat-sheaf or garb; that there was _no_\nrelationship between the second baronet of Hather, his arms being _cross\nbones_, &c., and those of the judge, who was truly a _Cradock_, were three\ngarbs, &c. I would now beg leave to refer C. S. G. to my former\ncommunications in \"N. & Q.\" about Cradock Newton, particularly Vol. ii.,\npp. 248. 427.; _Chronica Judicialia_, 1635; Foss's _Lives of the Judges_;\nand a paper of mine in the forthcoming volume of the _Proceedings of the\nArchaeological Institute at Bristol_.\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nRectory, Clyst St. George.\n\nFrom C. S. G.'s reply to my inquiry respecting Mr. Justice Newton I\nconclude that at least _two_ individuals of this name have, at different\nperiods, and at a considerable interval apart, occupied the judicial bench.\n\nThe portrait I wish to trace is of a well-known character of the\nCommonwealth era, and could not, of course, have belonged to a judge then\nsome two centuries deceased. My omission to state this circumstance, in the\nfirst instance, has very naturally occasioned complete misapprehension\nthroughout.\n\nSince my Query was written, a duplicate of the drawing in the Bodleian\n(_minus_ the inscription), out of the Strawberry Hill collection, has,\ncuriously enough, appeared in an extensive public sale. It was likewise\nsaid to be by Bulfinch; and farther examination leads me to infer that both\nthis and the Oxford copy were, in respect of artist, in all probability\n_not_ incorrectly described. As Bulfinch lived _temp._ Charles II., and the\nBodleian inscription points to his original painting, as \"in the hands of\nMr. Justice Newton,\" it may fairly be presumed that a second judge of the\nname flourished in this reign.\n\nSubstantially, then, my original Query yet remains unanswered,\nnotwithstanding C. S. G.'s obliging reply.\n\nF. KYFFIN LENTHALL.\n\n36. Mount Street, Grosvenor Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Mr. Lyte's Treatment of Positives._--It would be quite superfluous, after\nthe very excellent communication of MR. POLLOCK, were I to give a detailed\naccount of my method of printing albumen positives, as, in the main, we\nboth follow the process of Mr. Le Gray. But as we both have our own\nimprovements on the original process, I will ask for space in which to\nrecord our differences in manipulation.\n\nFirst, in regard to the chloride of gold, I always find, and I believe such\nis the experience of many photographers, that all salts of gold, though\nthey heighten the effect at first, have a slow, but sure, destructive\naction on the picture.\n\nNext, I find that acetic acid, by generating sulphurous acid, has a similar\neffect, and my care was to try and make a solution which should be free\nfrom these defects. I first take my positive, which, as a general rule, I\nprint at least half as dark again as the shade required. This done, I wash\nit well with water, and next with salt and water in the proportion of about\nhalf a grain per gallon, or quite a tasteless solution; this removes all\nthe nitrate of silver from the paper, or if there is any left, the bath of\nsalt decomposes it, leaving none in the texture of the paper to unite with\nthe hypo., which otherwise forms a sticky substance, difficult to remove,\nwhich may be readily seen on looking through a positive which has been too\nhastily finished in the usual way, giving a dark shade, and a want of\ntransparency to the lights. I then place the picture in a bath composed as\nfollows:\n\n  Sodae hyposul.              3 oz.\n  Argent. chlorid.          70 grs.\n  Potassii iodidi            5 grs.\n  Pyrogallic acid            1-1/2 to 2 grs.\n\nThe iodide of potassium I add on the same principle as MR. POLLOCK's iodide\nof silver, but as being {16} more convenient, as immediately on being added\nit decomposes some of the chloride of silver, and forms iodide of silver. I\nam happy to find that MR. POLLOCK confirms me in the use of this salt;\nwhich I had long thought to improve the tone of my pictures. The liquid,\nwhich will become rapidly very dark coloured, must be set aside in an open\nvessel in a warm place for some weeks, _e.g._ till, when a positive is\nplaced in it, left for a short time, and then washed with water, it shows\nclean and not mottled in the light. The solution may be kept always\nexposed, and much improves by this: if _much_ used, it should be\nreplenished with a simple solution of hypo. three ounces or two ounces to\nthe pint; if little used, it may be filled up as much as evaporates with\npure water.\n\nThe positive is left in this solution till the required tint is obtained,\nwhen it is to be placed in plain hypo. two ounces to the pint, and in about\na quarter of an hour transferred to a basin of pure water, and well washed\nin several waters. The other detail of MR. POLLOCK's process is so\nadmirably and clearly given, and so like that I pursue, that I will not\ntrouble your columns with it again.\n\nThe after-bath of pure hypo. is not absolutely necessary; and where it is\ndesired to obtain fine olive, and dark sepia, and black tints, a better\ntone results from washing well, long, and frequently, with water alone.\n\nThis bath also gives very rich tints with paper, prepared without albumen:\nviz.--\n\n  Chloride of ammonium      5 grs.\n  Water                     1 oz.\n\nLay the paper on this, and then hang it up to dry, and excite with\nammonio-nitrate containing seventy grains of nitrate of silver to one ounce\nof water. Should the above solution not give the requisite tints soon after\nbeing made, add more chloride of silver; but bear in mind that the solution\nwill then soon become saturated when setting positives, and when this\noccurs it must be rectified by the addition of a small portion of fresh\nhypo. alone.\n\nF. MAXWELL LYTE.\n\nP.S.--I may add that I have only lately tried the addition of the iodide of\npotassium to my setting liquid, and so must qualify my recommendation of it\nby saying so.\n\nFlorian, Torquay.\n\n_Stereoscopic Angles._--I am obliged to MESSRS. SHADBOLT and WILKINSON for\nthe information given in reply to my Queries (Vol. vii., p. 505.) My mode\nof operation is precisely that of MR. WILKINSON: \"I obtain all the\ninformation I can from every source; then try, and judge for myself.\" Hence\nthe present letter.\n\nI regret to be obliged to differ from MR. SHADBOLT, but there is a point in\nhis communication which appears to me to arise from a misconception of the\nstereoscopic problem. He says (p. 557.), \"for _distant_ views there is in\nnature scarcely any _stereoscopic_ effect.\" Now, surely visual distance is\nmerely visual stereosity; for, to see an object solid is merely to see its\nparts in relief, some of them appearing to project or recede from the\nothers. It is the difficulty of producing this effect in landscapes, by the\nordinary camera process, that renders views taken by such means so\ndeficient in air, or, as the artists term it, aerial perspective, most\ndistant objects seeming almost as near as those in the foreground. This\nindeed is the main defect of all photographs: they are true representations\nof nature to one eye--cyclopean pictures, as it were--appearing perfectly\nstereoscopic with one eye closed, but seeming absolutely flattened when\nviewed by the two eyes. I remember being shown a huge photograph of the\ncity of Berlin, taken from an eminence; and a more violent caricature of\nnature I never set eyes upon. It was almost Chinese in its perspective: the\nhouse-tops appeared to have been mangled. It was a wonderful work of art,\nphotographically considered; but artistically it was positively hideous.\nBut the same defect exists in _all_ monophotographic representations,\nthough in a less degree, and consequently less apparent than in views to\nwhich a sense of distance is essential. In portraits, the features appear\nslightly flattened; and until photographers are able to overcome this, the\nchief of all obstacles to perfection, it is idle to talk of the art giving\na correct rendering of nature. This is what is wanted, more than colour,\ndiactinic lenses, multiplication of impressions, or anything else. And when\nit is remembered that the law of an ordinary convex lens is, the farther\nthe object from the lens the nearer the focus, and, _vice versa_, the\nnearer the object the farther the focus, it becomes evident that by such an\ninstrument distant objects must be made to appear near, and near objects\ndistant, and nature consequently mangled.\n\nThe stereoscope gives us the only demonstrably correct representation of\nnature; and when that instrument is rendered more simple, and the peep-show\ncharacter of the apparatus disconnected from it, the art of photography\nwill transcend the productions of the painter--but not till then.\n\nI am anxious to obtain all the information I can from such of your\nphotographic readers as are practically acquainted with the stereoscopic\nportion of the art relative to the angles under which they find it best to\ntake their pictures for given distances.\n\nMr. Fenton, the secretary of the Photographic Society, takes his\nstereoscopic pictures, when the objects are 50 feet and upwards from the\ncamera, at 1 in 25. This is, as MR. SHADBOLT states, Professor Wheatstone's\nrule for distances. {17}\n\nMR. WILKINSON, on the other hand, asserts that 3 feet in 300 yards is\nsufficient separation for the cameras: this is only 1 in 300,--a vast\ndifference truly.\n\n\"For views across the Thames,\" says the editor of the _Photographic\nJournal_, \"the cameras should be placed 12 feet apart, and with this\nseparation the effect is declared to be astonishing.\"\n\nMR. WILKINSON, however, asserts that from 4 to 6 feet in a mile will do\n_well enough_!\n\nFarther, Mr. Latimer Clark (the inventor of an ingenious stereoscopic\ncamera) states that with regard to the distance between the two positions\nof the cameras, he knows no good reason why the natural distance of the\neyes, viz. 2-1/2 inches, should be much exceeded. \"A little extra relief is\nobtained,\" he adds, \"without visible distortion, by increasing the\nseparation to about 4 or 5 inches; but if this distance be greatly\nexceeded, especially for near objects (I give the gentleman's own words),\nthey become apparently diminished in size, and have the appearance of\nmodels and dolls rather than natural objects.\"\n\nThe reason for making the separation between the cameras greater than that\nbetween the two eyes, is exceedingly simple. The stereograph is to be\nlooked at much _nearer_ than the object itself, and consequently is to be\nseen under a much larger angle than it is viewed by the two eyes in nature.\nHence the two pictures should be taken at the angle under which they are to\nbe observed in the stereoscope. Suppose the object to be 50 feet distant,\nthen of course it is seen by the two eyes under an angle of 2-1/2 inches in\n50 feet, or 1 in 240. But it is intended that the stereograph should be\nseen by the two eyes when but a few inches removed from them, or generally\nunder an angle of 2-1/2 in 12 inches, or nearly 1 in 5. Hence it is\nself-evident that the stereoscopic angle should be considerably larger than\nthat formed by the optic axes of the two eyes when directed to the object\nitself.\n\nBut there is great diversity of opinion as to the extent of the angles\nrequisite for producing the precise stereoscopic or distantial effect of\nnature. For myself I prefer Professor Wheatstone's rule, 1 in 25 for\nobjects beyond 50 feet distant. For portraits I find the best angle 1 in 10\nwhen the sitter is 10 feet off, and for busts about 1 in 5 when placed\nabout 5 or 6 feet from the cameras. But I should be happy to receive\ninformation from any of your readers concerning this important branch of\nthe photographic art. For months past I have been engaged in a series of\nexperiments in connexion with the subject, and wish for larger experience\nthan it is possible for any single operator to acquire for himself.\n\nMr. Fenton, I may observe, does not keep the cameras parallel in taking\nlandscapes, but inclines them so that the same object may occupy as nearly\nas possible the centre of the ground glass plate.\n\nNor is it essential that perfect horizontality or parallelism of the\ncameras should be maintained in copying trees. For buildings, however, it\nis absolutely necessary that the cameras be kept straight.\n\nI am sorry thus to trespass on your space, but being anxious, as MR.\nWILKINSON says, to collect information from every source, and your\nperiodical being a happy medium for conveying and receiving instruction, I\nam glad to avail myself of such a channel.\n\n[Phi]. (2)\n\nP.S.--Mr. Claudet has, I perceive, been awarded the prize given by the\nSociety of Arts for the best essay on the stereoscope. Can you, or any of\nyour readers, inform me whether this is likely to be published, and when\nand at what price?\n\n_Query respecting Mr. Pollock's Process._--In MR. POLLOCK's directions for\nobtaining positives which appeared in \"N. & Q.\" (Vol. vii, p. 581.), iodide\nof silver is to be dissolved in a saturated solution of hypo. Can you give\nme the quantity of iodide of silver to be dissolved, and the quantity of\nthe saturated solution of hypo. in which it is to be dissolved?\n\nN. T. B.\n\n_Gallo-nitrate of Silver._--Can you inform me what the true nature of the\ndecomposition is which takes place after a short time in the gallo-nitrate\nsolution of silver? and if there be any ready means of rendering the silver\nit contains again available for photographic use?\n\nSIR W. NEWTON, in the description of his calotype process, says: \"Bring out\nwith the saturated solution of gallic acid, and when the subject begins to\nappear, add the aceto-nitrate of silver solution.\" Which way of doing this\nis the best,--mixing the two solutions together and applying them to the\npaper; or applying the paper, when wetted with the gallic acid, to the\nsilver solution?\n\nT. L.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Verney Note decyphered_ (Vol. vii., p. 568.).--I am extremely obliged to\nMR. THOMPSON COOPER for his decyphered rendering of Sir Ralph Verney's note\nof a speech or proceeding in parliament. The note itself is not now in my\npossession, but I have requested the owner to be good enough to re-collate\nit with the original, and if any mistakes should appear in the copy, or the\nprinting (which is very likely), I will give you notice of the fact, that\nthe doubtful words in MR. COOPER's version may, if possible, be set right.\n\nStudents in the art of decyphering may be pleased to have the key to the\ncypher recorded in {18} your pages. I therefore give it you as discovered\nby MR. COOPER, and beg, in the strongest way, to reiterate my thanks to\nthat gentleman.\n\n  2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,\n  f, r, k, t, b, h, s, w, c,  g,  p,  d,  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,\n\n  20, 22, 27, 28.\n  l,  x,  m,  n.\n\nThe cyphers (if any) for _j, q, y, z_ have not been discovered, and the\nnumbers 1, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26 remain unappropriated.\n\nJOHN BRUCE.\n\n_Emblems by John Bunyan_ (Vol. vii., p. 470.).--This work which MR. CORSER\nhas not met with, is in the folio edition of his works, forming pp. 849. to\n868. of vol. ii. (1768). The plates are small woodcuts of very indifferent\nexecution.\n\nE. D.\n\n_Mr. Cobb's Diary_ (Vol. vii., p. 477.).--This volume was printed solely\nfor private distribution by the family, who also presented their relatives\nand friends (amongst whom the writer was reckoned) with another volume\ncompiled on the decease of Francis Cobb, Esq., the husband of Mrs. Cobb,\nand entitled, _Memoir of the late Francis Cobb, Esq., of Margate, compiled\nfrom his Journals and Letters_: Maidstone, printed by J. V. Hall and Son,\nJournal Office, 1835. Both of these are at the service for perusal of your\ninquiring correspondent, JOHN MARTIN.\n\nE. D.\n\n\"_Sat cito si sat bene_\" (Vol. vii., p. 594.).--I have not Twiss at hand;\nbut I think F. W. J. is mistaken in calling it a \"favourite maxim\" of Lord\nEldon. I remember to have heard Lord Eldon tell the story, which was, that\nthe Newcastle Fly, in which he came up to town, in I forget how many days,\nhad on its panel the motto, \"Sat cito si sat bene:\" he applied it jocularly\nin defence of his own habits in Chancery.\n\nC.\n\n_Mythe versus Myth_ (Vol. vii., pp. 326. 575.).--It gives me much pleasure\nto have afforded MR. THIRIOLD an opportunity for displaying so much\nlearning and sagacity; but I hope he does not imagine that he has confuted\nme. As I only spoke of words which, like [Greek: muthos], had a single\nconsonant between two vowels, such words as _plinth_, _labyrinth_, &c. have\nnothing to do with the question. If _mythe_, differing from the other\nexamples which are to be found, happens to have _the_ for its termination,\nand thus resembles words of Anglo-Saxon origin, I cannot help it, but it\nwas formed _secundum artem_. As to MR. THERIOLD's _m[=y]th_, unless so\nwritten and printed, it will always be pronounced _m[)y]th_, like the\nFrench _mythe_.\n\nAs to the _hybrid_ adjectives, I only wished to avoid increasing the number\nof them. The French, I believe, have only one, _musical_; for though, like\nourselves, they have made substantives of the Greek [Greek: mousike] (sc.\n[Greek: techne]), [Greek: phusike], &c., in all other cases they retain the\nGreek form of the adjective, as in _physique_, substantive and adjective,\nwhile we generally have pairs of adjectives, as _philosophic,\nphilosophical_; _extatic, extatical_; &c. Some may think this an advantage;\nI do not.\n\nTHOS. KEIGHTLEY.\n\n_The Gilbert Family_ (Vol. vii., p. 259).--If your correspondent seeking\ngenealogical information in reference to my ancestors, calls on me, I will\nshow him a presentation copy of _A Genealogical Memoir of the Gilbert\nFamily in Old and New England_, by J. W. Thornton, LL.B., Boston, U. S.,\n1850, 8vo. pp. 24, only fifty printed.\n\nJAMES GILBERT.\n\n_Alexander Clark_ (Vol. vii., p. 580.).--I should feel obliged if J. O.\ncould find leisure to communicate to \"N. & Q.\" some particulars relative to\nClark. He is supposed to have been the author of a curious poem: _The\nInstitution and Progress of the Buttery College of Slains, in the Parish of\nCruden, Aberdeenshire; with a Catalogue of the Books and MSS. in the\nLibrary of that University_: Aberdeen, 1700. Mr. Peter Buchan thus mentions\nhim in his _Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads_:\n\n    \"Clark, a drunken dominie at Slains, author of a poetical dialogue\n    between the gardeners and tailors on the origin of their crafts, and a\n    most curious Latin and English poem called the 'Buttery College of\n    Slains,' which resembled much in language and style Drummond of\n    Hawthornden's 'Polemo Middino.'\"\n\nThis poem is printed in Watson's _Collection of Scottish Poems_, Edin.\n1711; and also noticed in the _Edinburgh Topographical and Antiquarian\nMagazine_, 1848, last page. I am anxious to ascertain if the emblem writer,\nand the burlesque poet, be one and the same person. The dates, I confess,\nare somewhat against this conclusion; but there may have been a previous\nedition of the _Emblematical Representation_ (1779). The _University_ Clark\nis supposed to have been an Aberdeenshire man. Possibly J. O. may be able\nto throw some light on the subject.\n\nPERTHENSIS.\n\n_Christ's Cross_ (Vol. iii., pp. 330. 465.).--In Morley's _Introduction to\nPractical Music_, originally printed in 1597, and which I quote from a\nreprint by William Randall, in 4to., in 1771, eighteen mortal pages\n(42-59), which, in my musical ignorance, I humbly confess to be wholly out\nof my line, are occupied with the \"Cantus,\" \"Tenor,\" and \"Bassus,\" to the\nfollowing words:\n\n    \"Christes Crosse be my speed in all vertue to proceede, A, b, c, d, e,\n    f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, & t, double w, v, x, with y,\n    ezod, & per se, con per se, tittle tittle est Amen, When you haue done\n    begin again, begin again.\"\n\nJ. F. M.\n\n{19}\n\n_The Rebellious Prayer_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--J. A. may find the poem, of\nwhich he quotes the opening lines, in the _Churchman's Monthly Penny\nMagazine_, October, 1851, with the signature L. E. P. The magazine is\npublished by Wertheim & Macintosh, 24. Paternoster Row.\n\nM. E.\n\n\"_To the Lords of Convention_\" (Vol. vii., p. 596.).--L. EVANS will find\nthe whole of the ballad of \"Bonnie Dundee,\" the first line of which he\nquotes, in Sir Walter Scott's _Doom of Devorgoil_, where it is introduced\nas a song. Singularly enough, his best ballad is thus found in his worst\nplay.\n\nFICULNUS.\n\n_Wooden Tombs and Effigies_ (Vol. vii., pp. 528. 607.).--In a chapel\nadjoining the church of Heveningham in Suffolk, are (or rather were in\n1832) the remains of a good altar tomb, with recumbent effigies carved in\nchesnut, of a knight and his lady: it appeared to be, from the armour and\narchitecture, of the early part of the fifteenth century; and from the\narms, _Quarterly or and gules within a border engrailed sable, charged with\nescallops argent_, no doubt belonged to the ancient family of Heveningham\nof that place; probably Sir John Heveningham, knight of the shire for the\ncounty of Suffolk in the 1st of Henry IV.\n\nWhen I visited this tomb in 1832, it was in a most dilapidated condition:\nthe slab on which the effigy of the knight once rested was broken in;\nwithin the head of the lady, which was separated from the body, a thrush\nhad built its nest: notwithstanding, however, the neglect and damp to which\nthe chapel was exposed, these chesnut effigies remained wonderfully sound\nand perfect.\n\nSPES.\n\nThe monument to Sir Walter Traylli and his lady, in Woodford Church in\nNorthamptonshire, is of wood.\n\nThere is a wooden effigy in Gayton Church, Northamptonshire, of a knight\ntemplar, recumbent, in a cross-legged position, his feet resting on an\nanimal: over the armour is a surcoat; the helmet is close fitted to the\nhead, his right hand is on the hilt of his sword, a shield is on the left\narm.\n\nThere is also a fine wooden effigy of Sir Hugh Bardolph in Burnham Church\nin Norfolk.\n\nJ. B.\n\nIn Fersfield Church, in Norfolk, there is a wooden figure to the memory of\nSir Robert Du Bois, Kt., ob. 1311. See Bloomfield's _Norfolk_, vol. i. p.\n68.\n\nJ. B.\n\n_Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman_ (Vol. vii., pp. 133. 211. 634.).--Upon\nreference to the story of the \"tubwoman\" in p. 133., it will be seen that\nMr. Hyde is distinctly stated to have himself married the brewer's widow,\nand to have married her for her money. It is farther said that Ann Hyde,\nthe mother of Queen Mary and Queen Ann, was the only issue of this\nmarriage; whereas Ann Hyde had four brothers and a sister. No allusion is\nmade in this account to Sir Thomas Ailesbury. Your correspondent MR. WARDEN\nsays, that \"the story has _usually_ been told of the wife of Sir Thomas\nAilesbury,\" and that it may be true of her. Will he have the kindness to\nfurnish a reference to the version of the story in which Sir Thomas\nAilesbury is said to have married the tubwoman?\n\nL.\n\n_House-marks_ (Vol. vii., p. 594.).--I do not know whether [alpha].\nrecollects the frequent occurrence of _marks_ upon sheep in this country.\nAlthough I have often seen them, I cannot just now describe one accurately.\nSome sheep passed my house yesterday which were marked with a _cross_\nwithin a circle.\n\nRiding with a friend, a miller, in Essex, about thirteen years ago, he\njumped out of the gig and over a gate, to seize a sack which was lying in a\nfield. Seeing no initials upon it, I asked how he knew that it was his;\nwhen he pointed out to me a fish marked upon it, which he told me had been\nhis own and his father's mark for many years. He also said that most of the\nmillers in the neighbourhood had a peculiar _mark_ (not their names or\ninitials), each a different one for his own sacks.\n\nA. J. N.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n\"_Amentium haud amantium_\" (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--Your correspondent's\nQuery sent me at once to a queer old _Terence in English_, together with\nthe text, \"_opera ac industria R. B., in Axholmensi insula, Lincolnsherii\nEpwortheatis_. [London, Printed by John Legatt, and are to be sold by\nAndrew Crooke, at the sign of the Green-Dragon, in Paul's Church Yard.\n1641.] 6th Edition.\"\n\nHere, as I expected, I found an alliterative translation of the phase in\nquestion \"For they are fare as they were _lunaticke, and not love-sicke_.\"\n\nThe translation, I may add, is in prose.\n\nOXONIENSIS.\n\nWalthamstow.\n\n_The Megatherium in the British Museum_ (Vol. vii., p. 590.).--It is much\nto be regretted that A FOREIGN SURGEON should not have examined the\ncontents of the room which contains the cast of the skeleton of this animal\nwith a little more attention, before he penned the above article. Had he\ndone so, he would have found many of the original bones, from casts of\nwhich the restored skeleton has been constructed, in Wall Cases 9 and 10,\nand would not have fallen into the error of supposing that it is a\n_fac-simile_ of the original skeleton at Madrid. _That_ specimen was\nexhumed near Buenos Ayres in 1789; whilst our restoration {20} has been\nmade from bones of another individual, many of which are, as I have stated,\nto be found in the British Museum itself, and others in that of the Royal\nCollege of Surgeons. I are not about to defend the propriety of putting the\ntrunk of a palm-tree into the claws of the Megatherium, though I do not\nsuppose that the restorer ever expected, when he did so, that any one would\nentertain the idea that this gigantic beast was in the habit of climbing\ntrees; but I would fain ask your correspondent on what grounds he makes the\ndogmatic assertion that \"Palms there were none, at that period of telluric\nformation.\" I will simply remind him of the vast numbers of fossil fruits,\nand other remains of palms, in the London clay of the Isle of Sheppey.\n\nW. J. BERNHARD SMITH.\n\nTemple.\n\n_Pictorial Proverbs_ (Vol. v., p. 559.).--Perhaps the book here mentioned\nis one of the old German _Narrenbuchs_, or _Book of Fools_, which were\ngenerally illustrated with pictures, of which I have a curious set in my\npossession.\n\nCan any of your correspondents give some account of the nature and merits\nof these books? Are any of them worth translating at the present day? The\none from which my pictures were taken has the title _Mala Gallina, malum\nOvum_, and was published at Vienna and Nuremburg. It seems to have been a\nsatire on the female sex; but the text, I am sorry to say, is not in my\npossession.\n\nH. T. RILEY.\n\n_\"Hurrah,\" and other War-cries_ (Vol. vii., p. 596.).--The following\npassage (which I find in my notes with the reference _Menagiana_, vol. ii.\np. 328.) may partially assist your correspondent CAPE:\n\n    \"Le cri des anciens Comtes d'Anjou etoit _Rallie_. En voici l'origine.\n    Eude II., Comte de Blois, marchant avec une armee considerable contre\n    Foulke Nerra, Comte d'Anjou, ces deux princes se rencontrerent a\n    Pontlevoi sur le Cher, ou ils se livrerent bataille le 6 Juillet, 1016.\n    Foulke eut d'abord quelque desavantage; mais Herbert, Comte du Maine\n    (dit _Eveillechien_), etant venu a son secours, il rallia ses troupes,\n    and defit absolument, &c. Depuis ce temps-la le cri des anciens Comtes\n    d'Anjou etoit _Rallie_. Et a ce propos je vous rapporterai ce qu'en dit\n    Maitre Vace, surnomme _le Clerc de Caen_, dans son Roman de Normandie:\n\n     'Francois crie _Montjoye_, et Normans _Dex-aye_:\n      Flamands crie _Aras_, et Angevin _Rallie_:\n      Et li cuens Thiebaut _Chartre_ et _Passavant_ crie.'\"\n\nThis last cry is not unlike the Irish \"Faugh-a-Ballagh\" in signification.\n\nJ. H. LERESCHE.\n\nManchester.\n\nThe following extracts from Sir Francis Palgrave's _History of Normandy and\nEngland_, vol. i. p. 696., explain the origin of the word \"Hurrah,\"\nrespecting which one of your correspondents inquires:\n\n    \"It was a 'wise custom' in Normandy, established by Rollo's decree,\n    that whoever sustained, or feared to sustain, any damage of goods or\n    chattels, life or limb, was entitled to raise the country by the cry of\n    _haro_, or _haron_, upon which cry all the lieges were bound to join in\n    pursuit of the offender,--_Haron! Ha Raoul!_ justice invoked in Duke\n    Rollo's name. Whoever failed to aid, made fine to the sovereign; whilst\n    a heavier mulct was consistently inflicted upon the mocker who raised\n    the _clameur de haro_ without due and sufficient cause, a disturber of\n    the commonwealth's tranquillity.\n\n    \"The _clameur de haro_ is the English system of 'hue and cry.' The old\n    English exclamation _Harrow!_ our national vernacular _Hurrah!_ being\n    only a variation thereof, is identical with the supposed invocation of\n    the Norman chieftain; and the usage, suggested by common sense,\n    prevailed under various modifications throughout the greater part of\n    the Pays Coutumier of France.\"\n\nA. M. S.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\nAmong the books which we have for some time intended to bring under the\nnotice of our readers is a new and cheaper edition of _The Coin Collector's\nManual, or Guide to the Numismatic Student in the Formation of a Cabinet of\nCoins: comprising an Historical and Critical Account of the Origin and\nProgress of Coinage, from the Earliest Period to the Fall of the Roman\nEmpire; with some Account of the Coinages of Modern Europe, more especially\nof Great Britain, by_ H. Noel Humphreys: and we have been the more anxious\nto do this, because, except among professed collectors, greater ignorance\nprobably exists on the subject of coins, their date, value, &c., than upon\nany other subject with which educated people are supposed to possess some\nacquaintance. Yet there are few numismatic questions likely to occur which\nordinary readers would not be enabled to solve by a reference to these two\nlittle volumes, enriched as it is with numerous illustrations; especially\nif they would place beside them Akerman's most useful _Numismatic Manual_.\n\nWe are indebted to Mr. Murray for two volumes which will be among the\npleasant additions to the cheap books of the month, namely, the new volume,\nbeing the fourth of the reprint, of Lord Mahon's _History of England to the\nPeace of Versailles_, which comprises the interval between the Peace of\nAix-la-Chapelle and that of Hubertsburg; and in the _Railway Reading_, for\nhalf-a-crown! the fourth edition of Lockhart's spirited translations of\n_Ancient Spanish Ballads, Historical and Romantic_. Thanks, Mr. Murray,\nthanks!\n\nThat Mr. De la Motte, who is so well known as an accomplished draughtsman,\nshould turn his attention to photography, is no slight testimony to the\nvalue of the art. That he has become a master in it, may be seen by one\nglance at his own works on the walls of his Photographic Gallery. The\nbeginner may therefore receive with confidence the results of that\ngentleman's experience; and _The Practice of Photography, a Manual for\nStudents and Amateurs_, just published by him, will {21} be found a most\nuseful and instructive companion to every one who is now contemplating an\nexcursion, armed with a camera, for the purpose of securing for the\ngratification of his friends truthful records of his wanderings. Mr. De la\nMotte wisely confines his instruction to the paper and glass processes; his\ndetails on these are clear and minute, and the book is well worth the money\nfor those pages of it alone which are devoted to the \"Chemicals used in\nPhotography.\"\n\nBOOKS RECEIVED.--_On the Archaic Mode of expressing Numbers in English,\nSaxon, Friesic, &c._, by E. Thomson, Esq.; a learned and ingenious tract,\nwritten originally for insertion in \"N. & Q.,\" but which fact ought not to\nprevent our speaking of it in the terms which it deserves.--_A Few Words in\nReply to the Animadversions of the Rev. Mr. Dyce on Mr. Hunter's\n\"Disquisition on the Tempest,\" 1839, and his \"New Illustrations of the\nLife, Studies, and Writings of Shakspeare,\" 1845, &c._ A short but\ninteresting contribution to Shakspearian criticism, by one who has already\ndone good service in the same cause. If we cannot agree with Mr. Hunter in\nall that he seeks to establish, we can admire his knowledge of Elizabethan\nliterature, and appreciate the spirit in which he writes.--_The Antiquary._\nThis is the first number of a small work consisting of reprints of\nproclamations, curious advertisements from early newspapers, and such odd\nmatters as paint more forcibly than the gravest historian, the colours of\nthe times.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nTHE COMPLAYNTS OF SCOTLAND. 8vo. Edited by Leyden. 1804.\n\nSHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. Vol. V. of Johnson and Steeven's edition, in 15 vols.\n8vo. 1739.\n\nCIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. 12mo. London, 1828. (Two Copies.)\n\nJONES' ACCOUNT OF ABERYSTWITH. Trevecka, 8vo. 1779.\n\nM. C. H. BROEMEL'S FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705.\n\nCOOPER'S ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS. 8vo. 1832. Vol. I.\n\nPASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Basil, 1522.\n\nLORD LANSDOWNE'S WORKS. Vol. I. Tonson, 1736.\n\nJAMES BAKER'S PICTURESQUE GUIDE TO THE LOCAL BEAUTIES OF WALES. Vol. I.\n4to. 1794.\n\nWEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. Vol. II. 4to. 1832.\n\nWALKER'S PARTICLES. 8vo. old calf, 1683.\n\nWARNER'S SERMONS. 2 Vols. Longman, about 1818.\n\nAUTHOR'S PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSISTANT. 12mo., cloth, 1842.\n\nSANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. J. Nichols, London. 1794.\nTwo Copies.\n\nHERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702.\n\nTHEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726.\n\n*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send\ntheir names._\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nOUR EIGHTH VOLUME. _We avail ourselves of the opportunity afforded by the\ncommencement of a new Volume, to state that our attention has been called\nto the sharp and somewhat personal tone of several of the recent\ncontributions to \"N. & Q.,\" and which, we are reminded, is the more\nstriking from the marked absence of anything of that character in our\nearlier Volumes. We are perhaps ourselves somewhat to blame for this, from\nour strong indisposition to exercise our editorial privilege of omission.\nOur notice of the subject will, we are sure, be sufficient to satisfy our\ncontributors of the inconvenience which must result to themselves as well\nas to us from the indulgence in too great license of the pen. We know that\nwhen men write_ currente calamo, _words and phrases are apt to escape, the\nfull application of which is not observed, until, as Charles Lamb said,\n\"print proves it;\" but being conscious that, when treating on the subjects\nwith which we deal, no one would willingly write anything with design to\ngive offence, we shall in future \"play the tyrant\" on all such occasions\nwith more vigilance than we have done._\n\nL. K. _The lines_--\n\n \"Worth makes the man, the want of it the fellow;\n  The rest is all but leather and prunello.\"\n\n_are from Pope's_ Essay on Man, _Ep. IV._ 203. _See some curious\nillustrations of them in our_ First Volume, pp. 246. 362. &c.\n\nBLACKAMOOR _will find the_ Cyanogen Soap, _manufactured by Thomas,\nexcellent for removing Photographic stains. It is, however, to be used with\ncare, being_ poisonous.\n\nALBERT. _The history of the phrase_--\n\n \"Quem Deus vult perdere,\"\n\n_will be seen in our_ First Volume, pp. 347. 351. 421. 476.; _and_ Second\nVolume, p. 317.\n\nI. G. T. _Gooseberry_ Fool _is the same as pressed or crushed gooseberries,\nfrom the French_ fouler, _to press, tread, &c._\n\nSIR F. MADDEN's paper, Was Thomas Lord Lyttelton the Author of Junius's\nLetters? _is unavoidably postponed until next week._\n\n_Replies to our numerous_ PHOTOGRAPHIC QUERISTS _in our next._\n\n_The_ Index _to our_ SEVENTH VOLUME _will be ready on Saturday the 16th._\n\n_A few complete sets of_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price\nThree Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis day is published, price 5s.; or, post free, 5s. 6d.\n\nDICKSON AND MOWBRAY ON POULTRY, edited by MRS. LOUDON, with numerous\nbeautiful illustrations by Harvey (including the Cochin-China Fowl). Post\n8vo.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,\nCovent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMILLER'S FLY-LEAVES is the Literary and Supplemental Portion of his LONDON\nLIBRARIAN. The most extensive Sheet CATALOGUE OF OLD BOOKS published,\nannouncing Monthly for Sale, 1000 CHEAP BOOKS, in all departments of useful\nand entertaining, as well as scarce and uncommon, Literature. No Book\nCollector or Librarian should fail to be a Subscriber. It is published\nabout the 21st of each Month, containing 24 pages of letter-press, price\n2d., stamped for post, 3d. Annual subscription, 3s.\n\nJOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street,\nTrafalgar Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR JULY.\n\nMILTON'S PROSE WORKS, Vol. V., containing the Conclusion of THE CHRISTIAN\nDOCTRINE, translated and edited by the BISHOP OF WINCHESTER. With a General\nIndex to the five vols. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,\nCovent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR JULY.\n\nARISTOTLE'S ORGANON, or, LOGICAL TREATISES, with the INTRODUCTION OF\nPORPHYRY literally translated, with Notes, Analysis, Introduction, and\nIndex, by the REV. O. F. OWEN, M.A. 2 vols. post 8vo. 3s. 6d. per volume.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,\nCovent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR JULY.\n\nCHINA, PICTORIAL, DESCRIPTIVE, and HISTORICAL, with some Account of AVA and\nthe BURMESE, SIAM and ANNAM. Illustrated by nearly one hundred fine\nengravings on wood. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,\nCovent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR JULY.\n\nMATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER'S FLOWERS OF HISTORY, especially such as relate to\nthe affairs of Britain, from the beginning of the world to A.D. 1307\nTranslated by C. D. Yonge, B.A. In 2 vols. post 8vo. cloth. 5s. per volume.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,\nCovent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{22}\n\nTHE NEW AND IMPROVED EDITION OF\n\nBURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE FOR 1853\n\nIS NOW READY,\n\n    In 1 vol. royal 8vo., comprising as much matter as twenty ordinary\n    volumes, with 1,500 accurate Engravings of Arms. Price 38s. bound.\n\nThis new and thoroughly revised edition has engaged the author's closest\nattention for a considerable time. Every line of its voluminous contents\nhas been tested by the most minute research, and every page has been\nsubmitted to the members of the various noble and eminent families\nthemselves. Much additional information of the deepest interest has thus\nbeen obtained. The collateral branches, too, have been fully investigated\nand inserted. In addition, great improvements have been made in the\nHeraldic Illustrations, and arrangement of the printing, &c.\n\nAlso just published,\n\nBURKE'S LANDED GENTRY, CORRECTED FOR 1853,\n\n    In 2 large vols., including the Supplement, printed in double columns\n    (equal in quantity to thirty ordinary volumes). Price 2l. 2s. bound,\n    with a separate Index, gratis, of all the names (upwards of 100,000)\n    mentioned in the Work.\n\nThe great expense attending the production of this important and truly\nnational Work will preclude its being again printed in so extended and\ncomprehensive a form, and the present opportunity will consequently be the\nonly one afforded for obtaining it.\n\nEVELYN'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n    New Edition, with numerous Additions and Original Letters, now first\n    published, and a copious Index. Complete in 4 volumes, 10s. 6d. each.\n\n\"This very excellent edition of Evelyn's famous 'Diary' furnishes us with\nmuch interesting correspondence never before published. These volumes will\nbe treasures to those who delight in genuine curiosities of literature,\nwhile to the student of history they will be invaluable. The work is a\nnecessary companion to the popular histories of our country--to Hume,\nHallam, Macaulay, and Lingard.\"--_Sun._\n\nHORACE WALPOLE'S MEMOIRS.\n\nEdited by ELIOT WARBURTON. Cheaper Edition, 2 vols. 8vo. with Portraits,\n16s.\n\n\"The Memoirs of Horace Walpole nearly complete the chain of personal,\npolitical, and literary history, commencing with Evelyn and Pepys, and\nending almost in our own day with the histories of Mr. Macaulay and Lord\nMahon. The work is a necessary addition to the library of every English\ngentleman.\"--_Standard._\n\nPublished for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great\nMarlborough Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFREEMASON'S QUARTERLY MAGAZINE. Contents of the Number for JULY:--Engraving\nof the Royal Freemasons' Girls' School; The Increase of Freemasonry; On\nBenefit Societies, by the Rev. T. A. Buckley; Episodes in the Life of a\nFreemason; The Countess and the Serf, by Miss Pardoe; The Knights of St.\nHelen's; On Symbols and Symbolism; A Relic of the Pretender; Eleanora\nUlfeld; The Prison Flower, by Miss Pardoe; Olden Holiday Customs; Si\nj'etais Roi; Correspondence. Masonic Intelligence:--Supreme Grand Chapter\nof Royal Arch Masons of England; United Grand Lodge; Grand Conclave of\nMasonic Knights Templar; The Ancient and Accepted Rite; Royal Freemasons'\nGirls' School; Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution; Metropolitan;\nProvincial; Scotland; Colonial. Interesting Discovery at Jerusalem.\nObituary. Notices to Correspondents.\n\nThe Third Number will be published on the 30th of September.\n\nROUTLEDGE & CO., Farringdon Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIRISH EDUCATIONAL BOOKS.--NOTICE is hereby given, That from and after the\n4th July next, the SCHOOL BOOKS used by the COMMISSIONERS OF NATIONAL\nEDUCATION IN IRELAND, may be obtained from the Office, Merrion Street,\nDublin, for Ready Money only, by the Trade (and by Private Persons ordering\nthem in quantities of the value of 10l. and upwards), at the under\nmentioned Prices.\n\nFrom the above date the Commissioners will supply no books, except to the\nIrish National Schools.\n\n                                               s. d.\n  First Book of Lessons                        0  0-1/2\n  Second    ditto                              0  3\n  Sequel to Second Book, No. 1.                0  3\n       Ditto      ditto, No. 2.                0  3\n  Fourth Book of Lessons                       0  7\n  Supplement to Fourth Book                    0  8\n  Fifth Book of Lessons                        0  7\n  Girl's Reading Book                          0  7\n  Biographical Sketches of British Poets       0  9\n  Selections from British Poets. Vol. I.       0  8\n        Ditto          ditto,   Vol. II.       0  9\n  Introduction to the Art of Reading           0  5\n  English Grammar                              0  3\n  Key to ditto                                 0  0-1/2\n  Third Book of Lessons                        0  6\n  First Arithmetic                             0  3\n  Key to ditto                                 0  3\n  Arithmetic in Theory and Practice            0  7\n  Book Keeping                                 0  4\n  Key to ditto                                 0  3\n  Epitome of Geography                         0 10\n  Compendium of ditto                          0  3\n  Elements of Geometry                         0  3\n  Mensuration                                  0  5\n  Appendix to ditto                            0  4\n  Scripture Lessons, Old Testament, No. 1.     0  4\n        Ditto            ditto,     No. 2.     0  4\n        Ditto        New Testament, No. 1.     0  4\n        Ditto            ditto,     No. 2.     0  4\n  Sacred Poetry                                0  1\n  Lessons on Truth of Christianity             0  2\n  Agricultural Class Book                      0  6\n  Farm Account Book                            1  2\n  Treatise on Needlework                       1  7\n\nStationery Office, 27th May, 1853.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for JULY, 1853, being the First of a New Volume,\ncontains:--1. Memoirs of Thomas Moore. 2. Wanderings of an Antiquary, from\nYork to Godmanham (with Engravings). 3. Female Novelists. 4. Political\nCaricature, temp. Charles I. 5. A Midland Town (Leicester) in the Reign of\nGeorge III., and Mr. Gardiner's Anecdotes of T. Moore. 6. Historical Notes\non the Retaining of Counsel. 7. Roman Antiquities found at Kingsholm, near\nGloucester. 8. Remains of Norman Cross at Birstall, co. York (with an\nEngraving). 9. The Bourne Stream near Croydon. 10. Dr. Guest on the\nEtymology of Stonehenge. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: The Itinerary of\nRichard of Cirencester.--The Roches and Viscounty of Fermoy.--Recent\nrepairs of Lambeth Church.--Early state of St. James's Park.--Postmen,\ntemp. Charles I., &c. &c. With Notes of the Month, Reviews of New\nPublications, Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the\nEarl of Ducie, Lord Dacre, Sir John Hope, Bart., Sir Charles A. Elton,\nBart., Lt.-Gen. Sir R. Arbuthnot, Vice-Adm. Sir F. Mason, Sir Richard B.\nComyn, Culling C. Smith, Esq., J. L. Dampier, Esq., Ludwig Tieck, &c. Price\n2s. 6d.\n\nNICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThe Twenty-eighth Edition.\n\nNEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on\nthe influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means\nof Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by\nDR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from\nthe Author for Five Penny Stamps.\n\n    \"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the\n    careful perusal of our invalid reader.\"--_John Bull Newspaper, June_ 5,\n    1852.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMURRAY'S MODERN COOKERY BOOK.\n\nNEW AND CHEAPER EDITION.\n\nNow ready, an entirely New, Revised, and Cheaper Edition, with 100\nWoodcuts. Post 8vo., 5s., bound.\n\nMODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY. Founded upon Principles of Economy and Practical\nKnowledge, and adapted for the Use of Private Families.\n\n    \"A collection of plain receipts, adapted to the service of families. in\n    which the table is supplied, with a regard to economy as well as\n    comfort and elegance.\"--_Morning Post._\n\n    \"Unquestionably the most complete guide to the culinary department of\n    domestic economy that has yet been given to the world.\"--_John Bull._\n\n    \"A new edition, with a great many new receipts, that have stood the\n    test of _family_ experience, and numerous editorial and typographical\n    improvements throughout.\"--_Spectator._\n\n    \"Murray's 'Cookery Book' claims to rank as a new work.\"--_Literary\n    Gazette._\n\n    \"The best work extant on the subject for an ordinary\n    household.\"--_Atlas._\n\n    \"As a complete collection of useful directions clothed in perspicuous\n    language, this can scarcely be surpassed.\"--_Economist._\n\n    \"Full of sage instruction and advice, not only on the economical and\n    gastronomic materials, but on subjects of domestic management in\n    general.\"--_Builder._\n\n    \"We may heartily and safely commend to English housewifery this cookery\n    book. It tells plainly what plain folks wish to know, and points out\n    how an excellent dinner may be best secured.\"--_Express._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOW READY,\n\nThe most extraordinary Work of the Season,\n\nTHE ADVENTURES OF A LADY IN TARTARY, THIBET, CHINA, and KASHMIR; through\nportions of territory never before visited by European. With an Account of\nthe Journey from the Punjab to Bombay Overland, via the famous Caves of\nAjunta and Ellora. Also, an Account of the Mahalleshwur and Neilgherry\nMountains, the Sanataria of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. With\nEngravings, Portraits and Maps. In Three thick Vols., post 8vo., price 37s.\n6d.\n\nII.\n\nAGNES MAYNARD; or, Dreams and Realities. By the Authoress of \"The Garden in\nthe Wilderness,\" &c. One Vol. post 8vo., price 10s. 6d. Ready on Monday at\nall the Libraries.\n\nIII.\n\nROSA ST. ORME, and OTHER TALES. By MRS. LOCKE. One Vol., post 8vo., price\n10s. 6d. Ready on the 1st at all the Libraries.\n\nIV.\n\nMUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING; or, the Religion of England staked on the Opening\nor Shutting of the Crystal Palace on Sundays. A Farce, in many Acts. By A\nCLERGYMAN of the CHURCH of ENGLAND. Price 1s.\n\nV.\n\nCONVICTS and COLONIES; Thoughts on Transportation and Colonisation, with\nreference to the Islands and Mainland of Northern Australia. By G. S.\nMORRIS, B.A., Vicar of Bretforton, Worcestershire, formerly one of Her\nMajesty's Chaplains in the island of Van Diemen's Land. Price 2s.\n\nVI.\n\nIMPORTANT to AUTHORS.--New Publishing Arrangements.--HOPE & CO.,\nPublishers, 16. Great Marlborough Street, London, have resolved to charge\nno commission for publishing Works printed by them, until the Author has\nbeen refunded his original outlay. They would also state that they print,\nin the first style, greatly under the usual charges; while their publishing\narrangements enable them to promote the interest of all Works intrusted to\ntheir charge. Estimates and every particular furnished gratuitously in\ncourse of post.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{23}\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions\n(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at\nBLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of\nevery Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in\nall its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\n*** Catalogues may be had on application.\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\nMakers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,\n\nTHE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.\nTranslated from the French.\n\nSole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated\nLenses for Portraits and Views.\n\nGeneral Depot for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Freres', La Croix, and other\nTalbotype Papers.\n\nPure Photographic Chemicals.\n\nInstructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B.\nHOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who\npublished the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their\nCollodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness,\ntenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any\nclimate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO.\nmanufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements\nadapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for\nDeveloping in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses\nfrom the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,\nSanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.\nIodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.\n\nSold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.\nPaternoster Row, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,\nIslington.\n\nT. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call the\nattention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the superiority of\nhis newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, possessing the\nefficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, with the portability\nand convenience of the Folding Ditto.\n\nEvery description of Apparatus to order.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nEstablished 1824.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of\n131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the\ndifferent ages from 24-1/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the\nfive years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured.\n\nThe small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being\nnow provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits\nobtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF\nPARTNERSHIP.\n\nPOLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next\nDivision, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers.\n\nOn Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be\npaid for the first five years.\n\nINVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.\n\nClaims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are\n_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud.\n\nTables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the\nSociety's Agents, or of\n\nGEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.\n\n99. _Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.\n  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,\n      Esq.\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       L   s.  d. | Age       L   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8\n   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6\n   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nGILBERT J. FRENCH,\n\nBOLTON, LANCASHIRE,\n\nRESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he\nreplies immediately to all applications by letter, for information\nrespecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN,\n&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches,\nEstimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c.\n\nHaving declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications\nby Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS\ndelivered Free by Railway.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nESTABLISHED 1841.\n\nMEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL LIFE OFFICE,\n\n25. PALL MALL.\n\nDuring the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than _Four Thousand\nOne Hundred and Fifty Policies_--\n\nCovering Assurances to the extent of _One Million Six Hundred and\nEighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards_--\n\nYielding Annual Premiums amounting to _Seventy-three Thousand Pounds_.\n\nThis Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of\nDiseased Lives.\n\nHealthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most other\nOffices.\n\nA Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies at\nlast Division of Profits.\n\nNext Division in 1853--in which all Policies effected before 30th June,\n1853, will participate.\n\nAgents wanted for vacant places.\n\nProspectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be\nobtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any of\nthe Society's Agents in the country.\n\n  F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.\n  C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nHEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It\ncontains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads;\nalso of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new\nwarerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture\nChintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment\ncomplete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.\n\nHEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{24}\n\nTHIS DAY ARE PUBLISHED,\n\nFRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR July, price 2s. 6d., or by Post, 3s., containing:\n\n  The Navy of France.\n  Cayley's Las Alforjas.\n  The Tables Turned.\n  Wanted--an Owner.--Some Account of certain Bones found in a Vault beneath\n      Rothwell Church.\n  History of the Prussian Court and Aristocracy.\n  Bertha's Love.\n  Carpiana.\n  Lorenzo Benomi.\n  Chimney Pots. By a Grumbler.\n  Emily Orford. Part I.\n  Mahomet's Song.\n  Belgium, Leopold, and the Duke of Brabant.\n\nII.\n\nDedicated by Special Permission to Her Majesty.\n\nMELIORA; or, Better Times to Come. Edited by VISCOUNT INGESTRE. THE SECOND\nSERIES, 5s., containing Contributions by\n\n  Rev. T. Beames.         |  John Leigh.\n  T. Beggs.               |  Viscount Lewisham, M.P.\n  Dr. G. Bell.            |  Rev. H. Mackenzie.\n  Earl of Carlisle.       |  Hon. and Rev. S. G. Osborne.\n  Rev. J. Field.          |  Rev. T. F. Stooks.\n  Montagu Gore.           |  Lord Teignmouth.\n  Dr. Guy.                |  Alex. Thomson.\n\nWith some Papers by Working Men.\n\nMELIORA. THE FIRST SERIES. Second Edition, 5s.\n\nIII.\n\nBACON'S ESSAYS; or, Counsels, Civil and Moral: with a Table of the Colours\nof Good and Evil. Revised from the early Copies, with the References now\nfirst supplied, and a few Notes, by T. MARKBY, M.A. 1s. 6d. in cloth.\n\nBy the same Editor,\n\nBACON'S ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING. 2s. in cloth.\n\nHOOKER'S ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY. Book I. 1s. 6d.\n\nIV.\n\nANALYSIS OF GRECIAN HISTORY. By DAWSON W. TURNER, M.A., Head Master of the\nRoyal Institution, Liverpool. 2s.\n\nBy the same Author,\n\nANALYSIS OF ROMAN HISTORY. 2s.\n\nANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND OF FRENCH HISTORY. Second Edition. 2s.\n\nLondon: JOHN W. PARKER & SON,\nWest Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.--No. III. JULY.\n\n      CONTENTS:\n  1. A Trip to Leipsic Fair.\n  2. The Nurse's Tale.\n  3. Modern Spanish Poetry.--Zorilla.\n  4. Erskine's Cruise in the Pacific.\n  5. Castle Building.\n  6. Modern French Art.--Ary Scheffer.\n  7. The History of the Harp.\n  8. Evening Twilight.\n              Price One Shilling.\n\nLondon: JOHN HENRY PARKER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n  ALBEMARLE STREET,\n  _July_ 1853.\n\nMR. MURRAY'S\n\nLIST OF NEW WORKS.\n\nI.\n\nTHE CAPTIVITY OF NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA. From the LETTERS and JOURNALS of\nSIR HUDSON LOWE; and other official Documents, not before made public. By\nWILLIAM FORSYTH, M.A. Portrait and Map. 3 vols. 8vo. 45s.\n\nII.\n\nTHE CONCLUDING VOLUMES OF THE DIARY OF GEORGE GRENVILLE, while First Lord\nof the Treasury; including unpublished LETTERS OF JUNIUS. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.\n\nIII.\n\nNARRATIVE OF AN EXPLORING EXPEDITION IN TROPICAL SOUTH AFRICA. By FRANCIS\nGALTON, ESQ. Plates and Maps. Post 8vo. 12s.\n\nIV.\n\nTEN MONTHS AMONG THE TENTS OF THE TUSKI; with Incidents of an Arctic Boat\nExpedition in Search of Sir John Franklin, as far as the Mackenzie River\nand Cape Bathurst. By LIEUT. W. H. HOOPER, R.N. Plates and Map. 8vo. 14s.\n\nV.\n\nTHE STORY OF CORFE CASTLE, and of many who have lived there, including the\nPrivate Memoirs of a Family in the Time of the Civil Wars, &c. By the RIGHT\nHON. GEORGE BANKES, M.P. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d.\n\nVI.\n\nA HUNTER'S SOLITARY RAMBLES AND ADVENTURES IN THE PRAIRIES. By JOHN\nPALLISER, Esq., Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d.\n\nVII.\n\nA FOUR WEEKS' SUMMER TOUR IN NORWAY, during 1852. By JOHN G. HOLLWAY, ESQ.\nFcap. 8vo. 2s.\n\nVIII.\n\nTHE ISLANDS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC, including the Feejees, and others\ninhabited by the Polynesian Negro Races. By CAPT. JOHN ERSKINE, R.N. Map\nand Plates. 8vo. 16s.\n\nIX.\n\nTHE CASTLEREAGH DESPATCHES, during the CONGRESS OF VIENNA, BATTLE OF\nWATERLOO, &c. Edited by the MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY. Third and last Series.\n4 vols. 8vo. 56s.\n\nX.\n\nNINEVEH AND BABYLON: Being the Result of a SECOND EXPEDITION TO ASSYRIA,\nwith RESEARCHES at NINEVEH and BABYLON. By AUSTEN H. LAYARD, M.P. 12th\nThousand. Plates and Woodcuts. 8vo. 21s.\n\nXI.\n\nHISTORY OF GREECE. Continued from the Accession to the Death of Philip of\nMacedon. By GEORGE GROTE, Esq. Vol. XI. 8vo. 16s. (The 12th Volume will\ncomplete the work.)\n\nXII.\n\nA HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From the PEACE OF UTRECHT. By LORD MAHON. Library\nEdition. Vols. I. to VI. 8vo. 78s.\n\nXIII.\n\nLORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Cheap and Popular Edition. Vols. I. to IV.\nPost 8vo. 6s. each.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready, price 4s. 6d. By Post, 5s.\n\nTHE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY. A Manual for Students and Amateurs. By PHILIP\nDELAMOTTE, F.S.A. Illustrated with a Photographic Picture taken by the\nCollodion Process. This Manual contains much practical information of a\nvaluable nature.\n\nJOSEPH CUNDALL, 168. New Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, Second enlarged Edition, 8vo., cloth boards, 8s.\n\nWILLIAMS' NEW ZEALAND DICTIONARY AND GRAMMAR. Dictionary of the New Zealand\nor Maori language. Two Parts. With a Grammar and Colloquial Phrases. By the\nREV. W. WILLIAMS, Archdeacon of Waiapu.\n\nWILLIAMS & NORGATE. 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNIBELUNGEN IN ENGLISH VERSE.\n\nTHE FALL OF THE NIBELUNGERS, otherwise the Book of Kriemhild: a Translation\nof the Nibelungen Not, or Nibelungenlied. By W. NANSON LETTSOM, Esq. 8vo.,\ncloth boards, 10s. 6d.\n\nLondon: WILLIAMS & NORGATE,\n14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCLERGYMEN and GENTLEMEN intending to publish, either Volumes or Pamphlets,\nduring the approaching season, may enter into arrangements with a PUBLISHER\nof experience and energy, who will use his most zealous endeavours to\npromote the literary and commercial success of works confided to his care.\n\nAddress to BETA, care of MR. HARRILD, Printer, Silver Street, Falcon\nSquare.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of\nthe Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his\npractice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection\nof spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve\nthe sight to extreme old age.\n\nACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the\nAcademy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so\nconstructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface\nof the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a\ntelescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than\ncould be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on\napplication to\n\nWM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish\nof St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.\nBride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.\nFleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dustan in the West, in the City of\nLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 2.\n1853.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCorrections made to printed original.\n\npage 8, \"a medal won by an officer\": 'a medal worn ...' in original\n(corrected, Issue 196).\n\npage 14, \"cum tribus principalioribus digitis\": 'principalionibus' in\noriginal","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":23176}