{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_28478/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_28478","id":"gutenberg_28478","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28478","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: History - British","Category: Language & Communication","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins\nand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\n{93}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 196.]\nSATURDAY, JULY 30. 1853..\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                              Page\n  Books chained to Desks in Churches: Font Inscription:\n  Parochial Libraries, by W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.        93\n  Real Signatures _versus_ Pseudo-names, by the Rev.\n  James Graves                                            94\n  Popular Stories of the English Peasantry, by Vincent\n  T. Sternberg                                            94\n  Shakspeare Correspondence, by Cecil Harbottle, &c.      95\n  Epitaph and Monuments in Wingfield Church, Suffolk      98\n  Original Royal Letters to the Grand Masters of Malta    99\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--Meaning of \"Clipper\"--Anathema,\n  Maran-atha--Convocation and the Society for the\n  Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts--Pigs said\n  to see the Wind--Anecdote of the Duke of Gloucester    100\n\n  QUERIES:--\n  Lord William Russell                                   100\n  Ancient Furniture--Prie-Dieu                           101\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Reynolds' Nephew--Sir Isaac\n  Newton--Limerick, Dublin, and Cork--Praying to the\n  West--Mulciber--Captain Booth of Stockport--\"A saint\n  in crape\"--French Abbes--What Day is it at our\n  Antipodes?--\"Spendthrift\"--Second Growth of Grass--\n  The Laird of Brodie--Mrs. Tighe, Author of \"Psyche\"--\n  Bishop Ferrar--Sir Thomas de Longueville--Quotations\n  wanted--Symon Patrick, Bishop of Ely: Durham: Weston:\n  Jephson--The Heveninghams of Suffolk and Norfolk--\n  Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmund\n  Mortimer, Earl of March)--Shape of Coffins--St. George\n  Family Pictures--Caley (John), \"Ecclesiastical Survey\n  of the Possessions, &c. of the Bishop of St. David's,\"\n  &c.--Adamson's \"Lusitania Illustrata\"--Blotting-paper--\n  Poetical Versions of the Fragments in Athenaeus        102\n\n  REPLIES:--\n  Robert Drury                                           104\n  The Termination -by                                    105\n  The Rosicrucians, by William Bates                     106\n  Inscriptions on Bells, by W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.     108\n  Was Cook the Discoverer of the Sandwich Islands? by\n  C. E. Bagot                                            108\n  Megatherium Americanum, by W. Pinkerton                109\n\n  Photographic Correspondence:--Stereoscopic\n  Angles--Yellow Bottles for Photographic Chemicals      109\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Earth upon Earth,\n  &c.--Picalyly--Mr. Justice Newton--Manners of the\n  Irish--Arms of the See of York--\"Up, Guards, and at\n  'em!\"--Coleridge's Christabel: the 3rd Part--Mitigation\n  of Capital Punishment--The Man with the Iron Mask--\n  Gentleman executed for Murder of a Slave--Jahn's\n  Jahrbuch--Character of the Song of the Nightingale,\n  &c.                                                    110\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                           114\n  Notices to Correspondents                              114\n  Advertisements                                         115\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nBOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES: FONT INSCRIPTION: PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.\n\nIt would be interesting to have a complete list of the various books still\nto be found chained to desks in our ancient churches. The \"Bible of the\nlargest volume,\" the \"Books of Homilies allowed by authority,\" and the Book\nof Common Prayer, are ordered by Canon 80. to be provided for every church.\nIn some places this regulation is still complied with: at Oakington,\nCambridgeshire, a copy of a recent (1825) edition of the Homilies lies on a\nsmall desk in the nave. But besides these authoritative works, other books\nare found _chained_ to their ancient desks: at Impington, Cambridgeshire\nare, or were, \"three black-letter volumes of Fox's _Martyrs_ chained to a\nstall in the chancel.\" (Paley's _Ecclesiologist's Guide, &c._) At St.\nNicholas, Rochester, chained to a small bracket desk at the south side of\nthe west door, is a copy of _A Collection of Cases and other Discourses to\nrecover Dissenters to the Church of England_, small 8vo., 1718. The\n_Paraphrase_ of Erasmus may probably be added to the list (see Professor\nBlunt's _Sketch of the History of the Reformation_, 10th edit., p. 130.),\nthough I cannot call to mind any church in which a copy of this work may\nnow be found. In the noble minster church at Wimborne, Dorsetshire, is a\nrather large collection of books, comprising some old and valuable\neditions: all these books were, and many still are, chained to their\nshelves; an iron rod runs along the front of each shelf, on which rings\nattached to the chains fastened to the covers of the works have free play;\nthese volumes are preserved in an upper chamber on the south side of the\nchancel. The parochial library at St. Margaret's, Lynn, Norfolk, is one of\nconsiderable interest and importance; amongst other treasures are a curious\nlittle manuscript of the New Testament very neatly written, a (mutilated)\nblack-letter copy of the _Sarum Missal_, and many fine copies of the works\nof the Fathers, and also of the Reformers; these are preserved in the south\naisle of the chancel, which is fitted up as a library, and are in very good\norder. At Margate Church are a few volumes, of what kind my note-book does\n{94} not inform me. I may also mention, in connexion with St. Nicholas,\nRochester, that the font is octagonal, and inscribed with the following\ncapital letters, the first surmounted by a crown:\n\n  C . R . I . * . * . * . A . N.\n\nThe large panel on each side contains one of the letters; the font is\nplaced close to the wall, so that the remaining letters, indicated by\nasterisks, cannot now be read: the sexton said that the whole word was\nsupposed to be \"Christian,\" or rather \"Cristian.\" Beside the font is a very\nquaint iron bracket-stand, painted blue and gold, \"constructed to carry\"\ntwo candles.\n\nW. SPARROW SIMPSON.\n\nP. S.--Permit me to correct an error of the press in my communication at p.\n8. of your present volume, col. 1. l. 10. from bottom; for \"worn,\" read\n\"won.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREAL SIGNATURES VERSUS PSEUDO-NAMES.\n\nIt is pleasant to see so many of the correspondents of \"N. & Q.\" joining in\nthe remonstrance against the anonymous system. Were one to set about\naccumulating the reasons for the abandonment of pseudo-names and initials,\nmany of the valuable columns of this periodical might be easily filled;\nsuch an essay it is not, however, my intention to inflict on its readers,\nwho by a little thought can easily do for themselves more than a large\neffusion of ink on the part of any correspondent could effect. I shall\ncontent myself with recounting the good which, in one instance, has\nresulted from a knowledge of the real name and address of a contributor.\n\nThe REV. H. T. ELLACOMBE (one of the first to raise his voice against the\nuse of pseudo-names) having observed in \"N. & Q.\" many communications\nevincing no ordinary acquaintance with the national Records of Ireland, and\nwishing to enter into direct communication with the writer (who merely\nsigned himself J. F. F.), put a Query in the \"Notices to Correspondents,\"\nbegging J. F. F. to communicate his real name and address. There in all\nprobability the matter would have ended, as J. F. F. did not happen to take\n\"N. & Q.,\" but that the writer of these lines chanced to be aware, that\nunder the above given initials lurked the name of the worthy, the\ncourteous, the erudite, and, yet more strange still, the _unpaid_ guardian\nof the Irish Exchequer Records--James Frederick Ferguson,--a name which\nmany a student of Irish history will recognise with warm gratitude and\nunfeigned respect. Now it had so happened that by a strange fortune MR.\nELLACOMBE was the repository of information as to the whereabouts of\ncertain of the ancient Records of Ireland (see MR. ELLACOMBE'S notice of\nthe matter, Vol. viii., p. 5.), abstracted at some former period from the\n\"legal custody\" of some heedless keeper, and sold by a Jew to a German\ngentleman, and the result of his communicating this knowledge to Mr.\nFerguson, has been the latter gentleman's \"chivalrous\" and successful\nexpedition for their recovery. The _English Quarterly Review_ (not\n_Magazine_, as MR. ELLACOMBE inadvertently writes), in a forthcoming\narticle on the Records of Ireland, will, it is to be hoped, give the full\ndetails of this exciting record hunt, and thus exemplify the _great\nutility_, not to speak of the _manliness_, of real names and addresses,\n_versus_ false names and equally Will-o'-the-Wisp initials.\n\nJAMES GRAVES.\n\nKilkenny.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPOPULAR STORIES OF THE ENGLISH PEASANTRY.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 363. &c.)\n\nWill you allow me, through the medium of \"N. & Q.,\" to say how much obliged\nI should be for any communications on this subject. Since I last addressed\nyou (about a year ago) I have received many interesting contributions\ntowards my proposed collection; but not, I regret to say, quite to the\nextent I had anticipated. My own researches have been principally confined\nto the midland counties, and I have very little from the north or east.\nSuch a large field requires many gleaners, and I hope your correspondents\nlearned in Folklore will not be backward in lending their aid to complete a\nwork which Scott, Southey, and a host of illustrious names, have considered\na desideratum in our national antiquities.\n\nI propose to divide the tales into three classes--Mythological, Humorous,\nand Nurse-tales. Of the mythological I have already given several specimens\nin your journal, but I will give the following, as it illustrates another\nlink in the transmission of MR. KEIGHTLEY'S Hindustani legend, which\nappeared in a recent Number. It is from Northamptonshire.\n\n_The Bogie and the Farmer._\n\nOnce upon a time a Bogie asserted a claim to a field which had been\nhitherto in the possession of a farmer; and after a great deal of\ndisputing, they came to an arrangement by agreeing to divide its produce\nbetween them. At seed time, the farmer asks the Bogie what part of the crop\nhe will have, \"tops or bottoms.\" \"Bottoms,\" said the spirit: upon which the\ncrafty farmer sows the field with wheat, so that when harvest arrives the\ncorn falls to his share, while the poor Bogie is obliged to content himself\nwith the stubble. Next year the spirit, finding he had made such an\nunfortunate selection in the bottoms, chose the tops; whereupon cunning\nHodge set the field with turnips, thus again outwitting the simple {95}\nclaimant. Tired of this unprofitable farming, the Bogie agrees to hazard\nhis claims on a mowing-match, thinking that his supernatural strength would\ngive him an easy victory; but before the day of meeting, the cunning\nearth-tiller procures a number of iron bars which he stows among the grass\nto be mown by his opponent; and when the trial commences, the unsuspecting\ngoblin finds his progress retarded by his scythe coming into contact with\nthese obstacles, which he takes to be some very hard--very hard--species of\ndock. \"Mortal hard docks, these,\" said he; \"Nation hard docks!\" His blunted\nscythe soon brings him to a stand still, and as, in such cases, it is not\nallowed for one to sharpen without the other, he turns to his antagonist,\nnow far ahead, and inquires, in a tone of despair, \"When d'ye wiffle-waffle\n(whet), mate?\" \"Waffle!\" said the farmer, with a well-feigned stare of\namazement, \"O, about noon mebby.\" \"Then,\" said the despairing spirit, \"That\nthief of a Christian has done me;\" and so saying, he disappeared and was\nnever heard of more.\n\nUnder _Nurse-tales_, I include the extremely puerile stories of the\nnursery, often (as in the German ones) interlaced with rhymes. The\nfollowing, from the banks of the Avon, sounds like an echo from a German\nstory-book.\n\n_Little Elly._\n\nIn the old time, a certain good king laid all the ghosts, and hanged all\nthe witches and wizards save one, who fell into a bad way, and kept a\nschool in a small village. One day Little Elly looked through a chink-hole,\nand saw him eating man's flesh and drinking man's blood; but Little Elly\nkept it all to herself, and went to school as before. And when school was\nover the Ogee fixed his eyes upon her, and said--\n\n \"All go home but Elly,\n  And Elly come to me.\"\n\nAnd when they were gone he said, \"What did you see me eat, Elly?\"\n\n \"O something did I see,\n  But nothing will I tell,\n  Unto my dying day.\"\n\nAnd so he pulled off her shoes, and whipped her till she bled (this\nrepeated three days); and the third day he took her up, and put her into a\nrose-bush, where the rain rained, and the snow snowed, and the hail hailed,\nand the wind blew upon her all night. Quickly her tiny spirit crept out of\nher tiny body and hovered round the bed of her parents, where it sung in\nmournful voice for evermore--\n\n \"Dark, weary, and cold am I,\n  Little knoweth Gammie where am I.\"\n\nOf the Humorous stories I have already given a specimen in Vol. v., p. 363.\n\nAny notes of legends, or suggestions of any kind, forwarded to my address\nas below, will be thankfully received and acknowledged.\n\nVINCENT T. STERNBERG.\n\n15. Store Street, Bedford Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_The old Corrector on \"The Winter's Tale.\"_--I am glad to find that you\nhave another correspondent, and a very able one too, under the signature of\nA. E. B., who takes the same view of \"Aristotle's checks\" as I have done;\nthough I think he might have paid me the compliment of _just_ noticing my\nprior remonstrance on this subject. It is to be lamented, that MR. COLLIER\nshould have hurried out his new edition of Shakspeare, adopting all the\nsweeping _emendations_ of his newly-found commentator, without paying the\nslightest heed to any of the suggestions which have been offered to him in\na friendly spirit, or affording time for the farther objections which are\ncontinually pouring in. At the risk of probably wearying some of your\nreaders, I cannot forbear submitting to you a few more remarks; but I shall\nconfine them on this occasion to one play, _The Winter's Tale_: which\ncontains, perhaps, as many poetical beauties as any single work of our\ngreat dramatic bard. With reference to the passage quoted in p. 437., I can\nhardly believe that Shakspeare ever wrote such a poor unmeaning line as--\n\n \"  .    .    .   they are false as _dead blacks_.\"\n\nnor can I perceive any possible objection to the original words \"o'er dyed\nblacks.\" They may either mean false mourners, putting an _over_ dark\nsemblance of grief; or they may allude figuratively to the material of\nmourning, the colours of which if _over-dyed_ will not stand. In either of\nthese senses, the passage is poetical; but there is nothing like poetry in\n\"_our dead blacks_.\"\n\nIn p. 450. the alteration of the word \"and\" to \"heaven\" may be right,\nthough it is difficult to conceive how the one can have been mistaken for\nthe other. At all events, the sense is improved by the change; but I do not\nsee that anything is gained by the substitution in the next line of \"dream\"\nfor \"theme.\" Whatever the king said in his ravings about Hermione, might as\naptly be called part of his \"theme\" as part of his \"dream.\" The subject of\nhis _dream_ was in fact his _theme_!\n\nNeither can I discover any good reason for changing, in p. 452.,\n\n \"  .    .    .   and one may drink, depart,\n  And yet partake no venom,\"\n\ninto \"drink a part.\" The context clearly shows the author's meaning to have\nbeen, that if any one _departed_ at once after tasting of the beverage, he\nwould have no knowledge of what he had drunk; {96} but if he remained, some\none present might point out to him the spider in the cup, and _then_ \"he\ncracks his gorge,\" &c.\n\nIn p. 460. MR. COLLIER says that the passage, \"dangerous, unsafe lunes i'\nthe king,\" is mere tautology, and _therefore_ he follows the old corrector\nin substituting \"_unsane lunes_.\" Now it strikes me that there is quite as\nmuch _tautology_ in \"_unsane lunes_\" as in the double epithet, \"dangerous,\nunsafe.\" It is, in fact, equivalent to \"insane madness;\" and, moreover,\ndrags in quite needlessly a very unusual and uncouth word.\n\nIn p. 481. we have the last word of the following passage--\n\n \"I never saw a vessel of like sorrow,\n  So fill'd and so becoming,\"--\n\nconverted into \"_o'er-running_.\" This may possibly be the correct reading;\nbut, seeing that it is immediately followed by the words--\n\n \"  .    .    .   in pure white robes,\n  Like very sanctity,\"\n\nI question whether \"becoming\" is not the more natural expression.\n\n \"There weep--and leave it crying,\"\n\nis made--\n\n \"There _wend_--and leave it crying,\"\n\nwhich I submit is decidedly wrong. I will not be hypercritical, or I might\nsuggest that in that case the words would have been \"_thither_ wend;\" but I\nmaintain that the change is contrary to the _sense_. The spirit of Hermione\nnever could have been intended to say that the _child_ should be left\n_crying_. She would rather wish that it might _not cry_! The meaning, as it\nseems to me, is, that Antigonus should _weep_ over the babe, and leave it\nwhile so _weeping_.\n\nIn p. 487. the words \"missingly noted\" are altered to \"_musingly_ noted,\"\nwhich is a very questionable improvement. Camillo, _missing_ Florigel from\ncourt, would naturally _note_ his absence; and he may have _mused_ over the\ncauses of it, but there could be no necessity for _musing_ to note the fact\nof his absence: and I cannot help thinking that the word _missingly_ is\nmore in Shakspeare's style.\n\nI cannot subscribe at all to the alteration in p. 492. of the word\n\"unrolled\" to \"enrolled.\" To be enrolled _and placed_ in the book of virtue\nis very like tautology; but I conceive Shakspeare meant Autolycus to wish\nthat his name might be _unrolled_ from the company of thieves and gypsies\nwith whom he was associated, and transferred to the book of virtue.\n\nI am entirely at issue with the old corrector upon his _emendation_ in p.\n498.:\n\n \"  .    .    .   Nothing she does or _seems_,\n  But smacks of something greater than herself;\"\n\nhe says, ought to be: \"Nothing she does or _says_.\" And how does MR.\nCOLLIER explain this misprint? Why, by stating that formerly \"says\" was\noften written \"saies.\" Now, I cannot for the life of me discover why the\nword \"saies\" should have been mistaken for \"seems,\" any more than the word\n\"says.\" But surely the phrase, \"nothing she does or seems,\" is far more\npoetical and elegant than the other. It says in effect: there is nothing\neither in her acts or her carriage, \"but smacks of something greater than\nherself.\" We have positive evidence, however, that the passage could not\nhave been \"nothing she does or says,\" viz. that this speech of Polixenes\nimmediately follows a long dialogue between Florizel and Perdita, which\ncould not have been overheard, because Camillo directly afterwards says to\nthe king:\n\n \"  .    .    .   He tells her something,\n  That makes her blood look out.\"\n\nThereby clearly proving, that the king could not have been remarking on\nwhat _she said_.\n\nThe transformation of the last-mentioned line into--\n\n \"That _wakes_ her blood--look out!\"\n\ncannot, I think, be justified on any ground. He tells her something which\n\"makes her blood look out.\" That is, something which makes her blush rush\nto the surface to look out upon it! What can be more natural? The proposed\nalteration is not only unnecessary, but awkward!\n\nIn p. 499., if the words \"unbraided wares\" must be altered, I see no reason\nfor the change to \"_embroided_\" wares. It seems to me that _embraided_\nwould be the most proper word.\n\nWhat possible reason can there be for converting \"force and knowledge,\" in\np. 506., to \"sense and knowledge?\" If I may be excused a play upon the\nwords, I should say the _sense_ of the passage is not at all improved, and\nthe _force_ is entirely lost.\n\nI must protest most decidedly against the correction of the following\nlines, p. 507.:\n\n \"  .    .    .   Can he speak? hear?\n  Know man from man? dispute his own estate?\"\n\nDispute his own estate means, _defend_ his property, dispute with any one\nwho questions his rights. The original passage expresses the sense quite\nperfectly, while \"dispose his own estate\" appears to me poor and insipid in\ncomparison.\n\nMR. COLLIER'S objection to the speech of Camillo, in p. 514.,\n\n \"  .    .    .   it shall be so my care\n  To have you royally appointed, as if\n  The scene you play were mine;\"\n\nis, that to make the scene appear as if it were Camillo's, could be of no\nservice to the young prince. Now Camillo says nothing about the scene\n_appearing_ as his. He says he will have the prince royally appointed, as\nif the scene he played _were_ really his own: that is, as if _he_ were the\nparty interested in it, instead of the prince. {97}\n\nThe reading of the old corrector--\n\n \"  .    .    .    .   As if\n  The scene you play were true,\"\n\nwould be nonsense; because, so far as the prince appearing to be Bohemia's\nson (which was what he was most anxious about), the scene to be played was\n_really true_!\n\nThe last correction I have now to notice is in the soliloquy of Autolycus\nin p. 522.: where MR. COLLIER proposes to read, \"who knows how that may\nturn _luck_ to my advantage,\" instead of \"may turn _back_ to my advantage.\"\nI see no advantage in the change, but the very reverse. \"Who knows but my\navailing myself of the means to do the prince my master a service, may come\nback to me in the shape of some advancement?\" This seems to me to be the\nauthor's meaning, and it is legitimately expressed. How frequently it has\nbeen said that an evil deed recoils upon the head of the perpetrator! Then\nwhy not a good deed _turn back_ to reward the doer?\n\nCECIL HARBOTTLE.\n\nP. S.--It is rather singular that A. E. B., who, as I have already shown,\nhas so completely _shelved_ me in his remarks upon \"Aristotle's checks,\"\nshould now complain of the very same thing himself, and say that his\n\"humble auxilia have been coolly appropriated, without the slightest\nacknowledgment.\" However, as our opinions coincide upon the passage in\nquestion, I am not disposed to pick a quarrel with him. I cannot, however,\nat all concur in his alteration of the passage in _King Lear_: \"Our means\nsecure us,\" to \"Our means _recuse_ us.\" I will certainly leave him \"in the\nquiet possession of whatever merit is due to this _restoration_,\" or rather\nthis invention! Can A. E. B. show any other instance in which Shakspeare\nhas used the verb _recuse_; or will he point out any other author who has\nadopted it in the sense referred to? Johnson calls it a \"juridical word:\"\nand I certainly have no recollection of having met with it, except in\njudicial proceedings.\n\nI can neither subscribe to the emendation of A. E. B., nor to that of the\nold commentator, but infinitely prefer the original words, which appear to\nme perfectly intelligible. The sense, as it strikes me, is, that however we\nmay desire things which we have not, the _means_ we already possess are\nsufficient for our security; and even our _defects_ prove serviceable.\nBlindness, for instance, will make a man more careful of himself; and then\nthe other faculties he enjoys will secure him from harm.\n\n_\"King Lear,\" Act IV. Sc. 1._--\n\n \"Our means secure us, and our mere defects\n  Prove our commodities.\"\n\nI should not object to your correspondent A. E. B.'s conjectural\nemendation, \"recuse\" for \"secure,\" but that, unless my memory and Ayscough\nare both deceptive, the word \"recuse\" is nowhere to be found in Shakspeare;\nnor, as far as I know, in any dramatist of the age. If it be used by any of\nthe latter, it is probably only in the strict legal meaning, which is quite\ndifferent from that which A. E. B. would attach to it. This is conclusive\nwith me; for I hold that there is no sounder canon in Shakspearian\ncriticism than never to introduce by conjecture a word of which the poet\ndoes not himself elsewhere make use, or which is not at least strongly\nsanctioned by contemporary employment.\n\nI therefore, as the passage is flat nonsense, return to the well-abused\n\"corrector's\" much modester emendation, \"wants\" for \"means.\"\n\nAnd now permit one word in defence of this deceased and untoward personage.\n\nI think much of the unpopularity into which he has fallen with a certain\nclass of critics, is owing to their not allowing him fair play.\n\nSuppose a MS. placed in our hands, containing, beyond all doubt, what MR.\nCOLLIER'S corrected second folio is alleged to contain, authoritative\nemendations of the text: what should we, _a priori_, expect to find in it?\n\nThat text is abominably corrupt beyond a doubt; it contains many impossible\nreadings, which must be misprints or otherwise erroneous; it contains also\nmany improbable readings, harsh, strained, mean, inadequate, and the like.\n\nNow it is excessively unlikely that a truly corrected copy, could we find\none, would remove all the impossible readings, and leave all the improbable\nones.\n\nIt is still more unlikely that, in correcting the improbable passages, it\nwould leave those to which Mr. A., or Mr. B., or Mr. C., ay, or all of us\ntogether, have formed an attachment from habit, predilection, or prejudice\nof some kind. Such phrases as \"the blanket of the dark,\" \"a man that hath\nhad losses,\" \"unthread the rude eye of rebellion,\" and many more, have\nbecome consecrated in our eyes by habit; they have assumed, as it were, the\ncharacter of additions to our ordinary vocabulary; and yet I think sound\nreason itself, and that kind of secondary reason or instinct which long\nfamiliarity with critical pursuits gives us, combine to suggest that,\n_occurring in a corrupt text_, they are probably corruptions; and\ncorruptions in lieu of some very common and even prosaic phrases, such as\nthe corrector substitutes for them, and such as no conjectural critic would\nventure on.\n\nIn short, the kind of disappointment which many of these corrections\nunavoidably give to the reader, is with me an argument in favour of their\ngenuineness, not against it.\n\nAnd, lastly, in so very corrupt a text, it is _a priori_ probable that many\nphrases which appear to need no correction at all, are misprints or {98}\nmistakes nevertheless. It is probably that the true text of the poet\ncontained many variations utterly unimportant, as well as others of\nimportance, from the printed one. Now here it is precisely, that we find in\nthe corrector what we should anticipate, and what it is difficult to\naccount for on any theory disparaging his authority. What could have\ninduced him to make such substitutions as _swift_ for \"sweet,\" _then_ for\n\"there,\" _all arose_ for \"are arose,\" _solemn_ for \"sorry,\" _fortune_ for\n\"nature,\" to quote from a single play, the _Comedy of Errors_, which\nhappens to lie before me,--none of them necessary emendations, most of them\ntrivial, unless he had under his eye some original containing those\nvariations, to which he wished his own copy to conform? It is surely wild\nguessing to attribute corrections like these to a mere wanton itch for\naltering the text; and yet no other alternative is suggested by the\ncorrector's enemies.\n\nI am myself as yet a sceptic in the matter, being very little disposed to\nhasty credulity on such occasions, especially where there is a possibility\nof deceit. But I must say that the doctrine of probabilities seems to me to\nfurnish strong arguments in the corrector's favour; and that the attacks of\nprofessed Shakspearian critics on him, both in and out of \"N. & Q.,\" have\nhitherto rather tended to raise him in my estimation.\n\nH. M.\n\n_Aristotle's Checks v. Aristotle's Ethics._--\n\n \"Only, good master, while we do admire\n  This virtue, and this moral discipline,\n  Let's be no stoicks, nor no stocks, I pray;\n  Or so devote to Aristotle's _checks_,\n  As Ovid be an outcast quite abjur'd.\"\n          _Taming of the Shrew_, Act I. Sc. 1.\n\nThe following are instances of the use of the substantive _check_ by\nShakspeare:\n\n    \"_Orlando._ A man that had a wife with such a wit, might say,--'Wit\n    whither wilt?'\n    \"_Rosalind._ Nay, you might keep that _check_ for it, till you met your\n    wife's wit going to your neighbour's bed.\"\n\n    \"_Falstaff._ I never knew yet, but rebuke and _check_ was the reward of\n    valour.\"\n\n \"_Antony._ This is a soldier's kiss; rebukable,\n  And worthy shameful _check_ it were to stand\n  On more mechanic compliment.\"\n\n \"_Belarius._   .    .    .   O, this life\n  Is nobler, than attending for a _check_.\"\n\n \"_Iago._ However, this may gall him with some _check_.\n\n \"_Desdemona._ And yet his trespass, in our common reason\n    .    .    .    .   is not almost a fault\n  To incur a private _check_.\"\n\nThese instances may show that the word in question was a favourite\nexpression of the poet. It is true there was a translation of the Ethics of\nAristotle in his time, _The _Ethiques_ of Aristotle_. If he spelt it\n_ethiques_, no printer would have blundered and substituted _checks_.\n\nJudge Blackstone suggested _ethicks_, but Johnson and Steevens kept to\n_checks_. And Johnson, in his _Dictionary_, _sub voce_ Devote, quotes the\npassage, but which, by a strange printer's misreading, is referred to\n\"_Tim._ of Ath.\" instead of _Tam. of Sh._ in Todd's edit. of _Johnson's\nDictionary_ (1818).\n\nW. N.\n\nPall Mall.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nEPITAPH AND MONUMENTS IN WINGFIELD CHURCH, SUFFOLK.\n\nI am not aware if the following epitaph has yet appeared in print; but I\ncan safely assert that it really has a sepulchral origin; unlike those\nwhose doubtful character causes them to be placed by your correspondent MR.\nSHIRLEY HIBBERD among the \"gigantic gooseberries\" (\"N. & Q.,\" Vol. vii., p.\n190.). I copied it myself from a gravestone in the churchyard of the\nvillage of Wingfield, Suffolk. After the name, &c. of the deceased is the\nfollowing verse:\n\n \"Pope boldly says (some think the maxim odd),\n  'An honest man's the noblest work of God;'\n  If Pope's assertion be from error clear,\n  The noblest work of God lies buried here.\"\n\nWingfield Church itself is an interesting old place, but has been a good\ndeal mauled in times past; and the brasses, of which there were once\nseveral, are all gone. It is, I believe, a good deal noted for a parvise,\nor room over the porch, from which, by an opening in the wall, a view of\nthe altar is obtained. There are two or three piscinas in different parts\nof the church, and a sedilla near the altar. The most interesting objects\nare, however, three altar tombs, with recumbent figures of the Earls of\nSuffolk; the earliest, which is of wood, representing either the first or\nsecond peer of the family, with his spouse. The next in date is that of the\ncelebrated noble who figures in Shakspeare's _Henry VI._ The monument is,\nif I recollect right, of alabaster. The figure is attired in complete\narmour, and was originally painted; a good deal of the colour still\nremaining. This and the following monument are partly let into the wall,\nand are surmounted by beautiful Gothic canopies. The third is, I believe,\nalso of alabaster, and is the effigy of (I think) the nephew of Margaret of\nAnjou's earl, and who lies by the side of his wife, one of Edward IV.'s\nfamily.\n\nIt is very likely that all I have been writing is no news to any one. In\nthat case I have but to ask your pardon for troubling you with such a\nworthless Note.\n\nPICTOR.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{99}\n\nORIGINAL ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND MASTERS OF MALTA.\n\nIn searching through the manuscripts now filed away in the Record Office of\nthis island with Dr. Villa, who has charge of them, and for whose\nassistance in my search I am greatly indebted, I have been gratified by\nseeing several original letters, addressed by different monarchs of England\nto the Grand Masters of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Each of the\nroyal letters in the following list bears the signature of the writer:\n\n  +-------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+\n  |Writer.      |Date.                |In what  |To whom addressed,       |\n  |             |                     |language |or by whom               |\n  |             |                     |written. |received.                |\n  +-------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+\n  |Henry VIII.  |8th January, 1523    | Latin   |Villiers de L'Isle Adam. |\n  |Ditto        |1st August, 1524     | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |Ditto        |14th January, 1526   | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |Ditto        |10th day, 1526       | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |             |(month omitted)      |         |                         |\n  |Ditto        |22nd November, 1530  | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |Ditto        |17th November, 1534  | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |Charles II.  |17th January, 1667-8 | Ditto   |Nicholas Cotoner.        |\n  |Ditto        |29th April, 1668     | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |Ditto        |26th January, 1675-6 | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |Ditto        |Last day of November,| Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |             |1674                 |         |                         |\n  |Ditto        |21st June, 1675      | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |James II.    |13th July, 1689      |French   |Gregory Carafa.          |\n  |Anne         |8th July, 1713       | Ditto   |Raymond Perellos de      |\n  |             |                     |         |  Roccaful.              |\n  |George I.*   |24th August, 1722    | Latin   |Anthony Manoel de        |\n  |             |                     |         |  Villena.               |\n  |James (the   |14th September, 1725 |French   |    Ditto.               |\n  |  Pretender) |                     |         |                         |\n  |George II.   |19th June, 1741      | Latin   |Emanuel Pinto de         |\n  |             |                     |         |  Fonseca.               |\n  |Ditto        |8th December, 1748   | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  |Ditto        |6th November, 1756   | Ditto   |    Ditto.               |\n  +-------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+\n\n    * The letter of George I. is countersigned \"Carteret;\" those of George\n    II. by \"Harrington,\" \"H. Fox,\" and \"Bedford.\" None of the other letters\n    in the above list bear any signature but that of the king or queen who\n    wrote them. Among the letters of Henry VIII., addressed to Villiers de\n    L'Isle Adam, there is one of much interest. I refer to that of the\n    earliest date, in which his majesty strongly recommended the Grand\n    Master to accept of Tripoli, on the coast of Barbary, and the islands\n    of Malta and Gozo, as a residence for the convent, which Charles V. had\n    offered him. The importance of Malta as a military station was known in\n    England three hundred years ago. L'Isle Adam (with the exception of La\n    Valetta), the most distinguished of all the Maltese Grand Masters, died\n    on the 21st of August, 1534. The last letter of Henry VIII., addressed\n    to him, came to his successor, Nicholas Cotoner. On the mantle which\n    covered the remains of this great man these few words were\n    inscribed,--\"Here lies Virtue triumphant over Misfortune.\"]\n\nIntending in a short time to examine these royal letters more closely, and\nhoping to refer to them again in \"N.& Q.,\" I refrain from writing more at\nlength on the present occasion.\n\nW. W.\n\nLa Valetta, Malta.\n\nP.S.--Perhaps the following chronological table, referring to the Maltese\nGrand Masters who are mentioned in the above Note, may not be uninteresting\nto the readers of \"N. & Q.\":\n\n  +-------------------------+----------------+-----------------------+\n  |Name.                    |When elected.   |When deceased at Malta.|\n  +-------------------------+----------------+-----------------------+\n  |Villiers de L'Isle Adam  |At Rhodes, 1521 |1534, 21st of August.  |\n  |Nicholas Cotoner         |At Malta, 1663  |1680.                  |\n  |Gregory Carafa           |    Ditto 1680  |1690.                  |\n  |Raymond Perellos         |    Ditto 1697  |1720.                  |\n  |Anthony Manoel de Villena|    Ditto 1722  |1736.                  |\n  |Emanuel Pinto de Fonseca |    Ditto 1741  |1773.                  |\n  +-------------------------+----------------+-----------------------+\n\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{100}\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Meaning of \"Clipper.\"_--I have more than once been asked the meaning and\nderivation of the term _clipper_, which has been so much in vogue for some\nyears past. It is now quite a nautical term, at least among the fresh-water\nsailors: and we find it most frequently applied to yachts, steamers,\nfast-sailing merchant vessels, &c. And in addition to the colloquial use of\nthe word, so common in praising the appearance or qualities of a vessel, it\nhas become one quite recognised in the official description given of their\nships by merchants, &c. Thus we often see an advertisement headed \"the\nwell-known clipper ship,\" \"the noted clipper bark,\" and so forth. This use\nof the word, however, and its application to _vessels_, is somewhat wide of\nthe original.\n\nThe word in former times meant merely a hackney, or horse adapted for the\nroad. The owners of such animals naturally valued them in proportion to\ntheir capabilities for such service, among which great speed in trotting\nwas considered one of the chief: fast trotting horses were eagerly sought\nafter, and trials of speed became the fashion. A horse then, which was\npre-eminent in this particular, was termed a _clipper_, _i.e._ a _hackney,\npar excellence_.\n\nThe original of the term is perhaps the following: _Klepper-lehn_ was a\nfeudal tenure, so termed among the old Germans, where the yearly due from\nthe vassal to the lord was a _klepper_, or, in its stead, so many bushels\nof oats: and the word _klepper_, or _kleopper_, is explained by Haltaus.\n_Glos. Germ. Med. Aevi_, 1758:\n\n    \"Equus qui corripit gradum, et gressus duplicat. Nomen habet a celeri\n    correptorum passuum sonitu.\"\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n_Anathema, Maran-atha._--Perhaps the following observation on these words\nmay be as instructive to some of the readers of \"N. & Q.\" as it was to me.\nMaran-atha means \"The Lord cometh,\" and is used apparently by St. Paul as a\nkind of motto: compare [Greek: ho kurios engus], Phil. iv. 5. The Greek\nword has become blended with the Hebrew phrase, and the compound used as a\nformula of execration. (See Conybeare and Howson's _Life and Epistles of\nSt. Paul_, p. 64., note 4.)\n\nF. W. J.\n\n_Convocation and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign\nParts._--\n\n    \"When the committee I have mentioned was appointed, March 13, 1700, to\n    consider what might be done towards _propagating the Christian Religion\n    as professed in the Church of England in our Foreign Plantations_; and\n    the committee, composed of very venerable and experienced men, well\n    suited for such an inquiry, had sat several times at St. Paul's, and\n    made some progress in the business referred to them, a charter was\n    presently procured to place the consideration of that matter in other\n    hands, where it now remains, and will, we hope, produce excellent\n    fruits. But whatever they are, they must be acknowledged to have sprung\n    from the overtures to that purpose first made by the lower house of\n    Convocation.\"--_Some Proceedings in the Convocation of 1705 faithfully\n    represented_, p. 10. of Preface.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_Pigs said to see the Wind._--In _Hudibras_, Independant says to Presbyter:\n\n \"You stole from the beggars all your tones,\n  And gifted mortifying groans;\n  Had lights when better eyes were blind,\n  _As pigs are said to see the wind_.\"--Pt. 3. c. ii. l. 1105.\n\nThat most delightful of editors, Dr. Zachary Grey, with all his\nmultifarious learning, leaves us here in the lurch for once with a simple\nreference to \"Hudibras at Court,\" _Posthumous Works_, p. 213.\n\nIs this phrase merely an hyperbolic way of saying that pigs are very\nsharp-sighted, or is it an actual piece of folk-lore expressing a belief\nthat pies have the privilege of seeing \"the viewless wind?\" I am inclined\nto take the latter view. Under the head of \"Superstitions,\" in Hone's\n_Year-Book_ for Feb. 29, 1831, we find:\n\n    \"Among common sayings at present are these, _that pigs can see the\n    wind_,\" &c.\n\nThe version I have always heard of it is--\n\n \"Pigs can see the wind 'tis said,\n  And it seemeth to them _red_.\"\n\nEIRIONNACH.\n\n_Anecdote of the Duke of Gloucester._--Looking through some of the\nCommonwealth journals, I met with a capital _mot_ of this spirited little\nStuart.\n\n    \"It is reported that the titular Duke of Gloucester, being informed\n    that the Dutch fleet was about the Isle of Wight, he was asked to which\n    side he stood most addicted. The young man, apprehending that his\n    livelihood depended on the parliament, and that it might be an art to\n    circumvent him, turning to the governor, demanded of him how he did\n    construe 'Quamdiu se bene gesserit.'\"--_Weekly Intelligencer._\n\nSPERIEND.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nLORD WILLIAM RUSSELL.\n\nCan any of your correspondents inform me where the virtuous and patriotic\nWilliam Lord Russell was buried? It is singular that neither Burnet, who\nattended him to the scaffold, nor his descendant Lord John Russell in\nwriting his life, nor Collins's _Peerage_, nor the accounts and letters of\nhis admirable widow, make any allusion to his {101} remains. At last I\nfound, in the _State Trials_, vol. ix. p. 684., that after the executioner\nhad held up the head to the people, \"Mr. Sheriff ordered his Lordship's\nfriends or servants to take the body and dispose of it as they pleased,\nbeing given them by His Majesty's favour.\" Probably, therefore, it was\nburied at Cheneys; but it is worth a Query to ascertain the fact.\n\nMy attention was drawn to this omission by the discovery of the decapitated\nman found at Nuneham Regis (\"N. & Q.,\" Vol. vi., p. 386.), and from\nobserving that the then proprietor of the place appears to have been\nhalf-sister to Lady Russell, viz. daughter of the fourth Lord Southampton,\nby his second wife Frances, heiress of the Leighs, Lords Dunsmore, and the\nlast of whom was created Earl of Chichester. But a little inquiry satisfied\nme this could not have been Lord Russell's body; among other reasons,\nbecause it was very improbable he should be interred at Nuneham, and\nbecause the incognito body had a peaked beard, whereas the prints from the\npicture at Woburn represent Lord Russell, according to the fashion of the\ntime, without a beard.\n\nBut who then was the decapitated man? He was evidently an offender of\nconsequence, from his having been beheaded, and from the careful embalming\nand the three coffins in which his remains were inclosed. The only\nconjecture I see hazarded in your pages is that of MR. HESLEDEN (Vol. vi.,\np. 488.), who suggests Monmouth; but he has overlooked the fact stated in\nthe original communication of L. M. M. R., that Nuneham only came into the\npossession of the Buccleuch family through the Montagues, _i.e._ by the\nmarriage of Henry, third Duke of Buccleuch, to Lady Elizabeth Montagu; the\npresent proprietor, Lord John Scott, being their grandson. This marriage\ntook place in 1767, or eighty-two years after Monmouth's execution, and\nthirty-three years after the death of his widow, the Duchess of Buccleuch\nand Monmouth, who is supposed to have caused the body to be removed from\nTower Hill.\n\nNotwithstanding the failure of heirs male in three noble families within\nthe century, viz. the Leighs, the Wriothesleys, and the Montagus, the\npresent proprietor is their direct descendant, and there are indications in\nthe letter referred to, that the place of interment of his ancestors, as\nwell as of this singular unknown, will no longer be abandoned to be a\ndepository of farm rubbish.\n\nW. L. M.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nANCIENT FURNITURE--PRIE-DIEU.\n\nPerhaps some of the readers of \"N. & Q.\" will be able to give me some\ninformation as to the use of an ancient piece of furniture which I have met\nwith. At Codrington, a small village in Gloucestershire, in the old house\nonce the residence of the family of that name, now a farm-house, they show\nyou in the hall a piece of furniture which was brought there from the\nchapel when that part of the building was turned into a dairy. It is a\ncupboard, forming the upper part of a five-sided structure, which has a\nbase projecting equally with the top, which itself hangs over a hollow\nbetween the cupboard and the base, and is finished off with pendants below\nthe cupboard. The panel which forms the door of the cupboard is wider than\nthe sides. All the panels are carved with sacred emblems; the vine, the\ninstruments of the Passion, the five wounds, the crucifix, the Virgin and\nchild, and a shield, with an oak tree with acorns, surmounted by the papal\ntiara and the keys. The dimensions are as follows:\n\nDepth from front to back, 2 feet 4-1/2 inches.\n\nHeight, 4 feet 8 inches.\n\nHeight of cupboard from slab to pendants, 2 feet 6 inches.\n\nHeight of base, 9-1/2 inches.\n\nWidth of side panels, 1 foot 8 inches; of centre panel, 1 foot 10-1/2\ninches.\n\nWidth of the door of the cupboard, 1 foot 5 inches.\n\nThe door has carved upon it a scene representing two men, one an old man\nsitting upon a chair, the other a young one falling back from a stool; a\ntable separates them and in the next compartment (for an arcade runs\nthrough the group) a female figure clasps her hands, as if in astonishment.\nThis I can hardly understand. But the panel with the papal ensigns I think\nmay throw some light on the use of the whole. In the year 1429, John\nCodrington of Codrington obtained a bull from Pope Martin V. to have a\nportable altar in his house, to have mass celebrated when and where he\npleased. I find that such a portable altar ought to have \"a suitable frame\nof wood whereon to set it.\" Such altars are frequently mentioned, though I\nbelieve very few remain; but I never could hear of the existence of\nanything to show what the frame would be. It occurs to me as possible that\nthis piece of furniture may have been used for the purpose. The whole\nquestion of portable altars is an interesting one, and if this account\nshould by the means of \"N. & Q.\" fall into the hands of any one who is\nacquainted with the subject, I hope he would consider it worth a\ncommunication.\n\nFor some time I was at a loss for another instance; however, I have just\nreceived from a friend, who took interest in the subject, a sketch of\nsomething almost identical from the disused chapel at Chillon in the Canton\nVaud. Of this I have not the measurements, but it stands about breast-high.\nIt is there called a \"prie-dieu,\" and is said to have belonged to the Dukes\nof Savoy, but the size is very unusual for such a use. I send sketches of\neach of the subjects of my Query, {102} and hope that, if this should be\nthought worthy of a place in \"N. & Q.,\" some one will be able and willing\nto afford some information about them. I would add as a farther Query, the\nquestion of the meaning of the battle-axe and pansy, which appear on the\n\"prie-dieu\" at Chillon. Is it a known badge of the Savoy family?\n\nR. H. C.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Reynolds' Nephew._--In the Correspondence of David Garrick, vol. i. pp.\n664. 658., 4to., 1831, there are letters of Sir Joshua Reynolds regarding a\nplay written by his nephew. Can you tell me whether this was the Rev. Mr.\nPalmer, minister of the Temple Church, and who was afterwards Dean of\nGashel; or had Sir Joshua any other nephew? The letters are dated 1774, and\nthe author appears to have been resident in London about that time.\n\nA. Z.\n\n_Sir Isaac Newton._--Which is the passage in Newton's _Optics_ to which\nFlamsteed refers, in his account of the altercation between them, as having\ngiven occasion to some of the enemies of the former to tax him with\nAtheism? and is there any evidence, besides what this passage may afford,\nin favour of Dr. Johnson's assertion, that Newton _set out_ as an infidel?\n(Boswell, July 28, 1763.) The _Optics_ were not published till 1704, but\nhad been composed many years previously.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n_Limerick, Dublin, and Cork._--Can any of your Irish or other\ncorrespondents inform me to whom we are indebted for the lines--\n\n \"Limerick was, Dublin is, and Cork shall be,\n  The finest city of the three\"?\n\nAlso, in what respect Limerick was formerly superior to Dublin?\n\nN.\n\nDublin.\n\n_Praying to the West._--A friend of mine told me that a Highland woman in\nStrathconan, wishing to say that her mother-in-law prayed for my friend\ndaily, said: \"She holds up her hands to the _West_ for you every day.\" If\nto the _East_ it would have been more intelligible; but why to the West?\n\nL. M. M. R.\n\n_Mulciber._--Who was Mulciber, immortalised (!) in Garth's _Dispensary_\n(ed. 1699, p. 65.) as \"the Mayor Bromicham?\" My copy contains on the\nfly-leaf a MS. key to all the names save this.\n\nR. C. WARDE.\n\nKidderminster.\n\n_Captain Booth of Stockport_ (Vol. vi., p. 340.).--As yet, no reply to this\nQuery has been elicited; but as it is a subject of some interest to both\nLancashire and Cheshire men, I should like to ascertain from JAYTEE in what\ncollection he met with the MS. copy of Captain Booth's _Ordinary of Arms_?\nIts existence does not appear to have been known to any of our Cheshire or\nLancashire historians; for in none of their works do I find any mention of\nsuch an individual as Capt. Booth of Stockport. Sir Peter Leycester, in his\n_Antiquities of Bucklow Hundred_, Cheshire, repeatedly acknowledges the\nassistance rendered him by John Booth of Twanbow's _Book of Pedigrees_; but\nthis gentleman appears merely to have collected for Cheshire, and not for\nLancashire. Sir George Booth, afterwards Lord Delamere, is the only\n_Captain_ Booth I have met with in my limited sphere of historical\nresearch; and I am not aware that he ever indulged much in genealogical\nstudy.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\n\"_A saint in crape._\"--\n\n \"A saint in crepe is twice a saint in lawn.\"\n\nWhence this line?\n\nW. T. M.\n\nHong Kong.\n\n_French Abbes._--What was the precise ecclesiastical and social _status_ of\na French Abbe before the Revolution?\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_What Day is it at our Antipodes?_--Perhaps you can give me a satisfactory\nanswer to the following question, a reply to which I have not yet been able\nto procure.\n\nI write this at 11 p.m. on Tuesday, July 12; at our Antipodes it is, of\ncourse, 11 a.m.: but is it 11 a.m. on Tuesday, July 12, or on Wednesday,\nJuly 13? And whichever it is, what is the reason for its being so? for it\nseems to me that the solution of the question must be perfectly arbitrary.\n\nH.\n\n\"_Spendthrift._\"--In Lord John Russell's _Memorials of Charles James Fox_,\nvol. i. p. 43., there is a letter addressed to Mr. Richard Fitzpatrick, in\nwhich Mr. Fox asks \"if he was in England when Lord Carlisle's _Spendthrift_\ncame out.\" And at the foot of the same page there is a note in which it is\nstated that this \"was probably some periodical paper of 1767.\"\n\nMy object in writing the above is for the purpose of asking what\npublication the _Spendthrift_ really was, and where it can be purchased or\nseen?\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\n_Second Growth of Grass._--The second growth of grass is known by different\nnames in different localities. In some it is called _fog_, in others\n_after-math_ and _after-grass_. The former name is common about Uxbridge,\nand the latter about Stoke Pogis, in Buckinghamshire. In Hertfordshire it\nis {103} called _hugga-mabuff_; I am not certain that this is the correct\nspelling of the name, never having seen it either in writing or print. In\nLeicestershire and Cambridgeshire the name _eddish_ prevails, I am told,\nand hence _eddish cheese_, made from the milk of cows which have grazed\n_eddish_. Can any of your correspondents add to the above names, or throw a\nlight upon their origin?\n\nR. W. F.\n\nBath.\n\n_The Laird of Brodie._--Can any of your correspondents explain what James\nV. of Scotland means in his celebrated ballad when he says:\n\n \"I thocht you were a gentleman,\n  At least the Laird of Brodie.\"\n\nAccording to the literal meaning, it would seem that the Laird of Brodie\nwas something less than a gentleman? Could his majesty intend to satirise\nthe alleged royal descent of Brodie from Bruidhie, the son of Billi, king\nof the Picts (see James' _Critical Essay_), by insinuating that the \"Picts\"\nand their descendants were not entitled to be ranked as \"Generosi?\"\n\nI. H. B.\n\n_Mrs. Tighe, Author of \"Psyche.\"_--There is a monument in Inistioge\nchurchyard, co. Kilkenny, to the memory of the authoress of that beautiful\npoem _Psyche_, Mrs. Mary Tighe, with a statue of her, said to be by\nFlaxman, which statement, as to its being from the chisel of that\ncelebrated sculptor, I have seen contradicted. She was the daughter of the\nRev. W. Blackford, and married Mr. Henry Tighe of Woodstock, Ireland, in\n1793. The inscription, which, I believe, is in existence, was not added to\nthe monument in 1845. Can any of your correspondents favour me with a copy\nof it? and was the statue by Flaxman? Is there any authentic memoir of this\ndelightful poetess? When did her husband Mr. Tighe die? He is said to have\nsurvived his lady, who died in 1810, but a short time; and that he was the\nauthor of a _History of the County of Kilkenny_. I believe it was on\nvisiting the churchyard of Inistioge that Mrs. Hemans wrote \"The Grave of a\nPoetess.\" She is said to have been very beautiful. Is there any other\nengraved portrait of her in existence beside the one annexed to the several\neditions of her poems? Any particulars relating to this lady or her husband\nwill be esteemed by\n\nT. B. WHITBORNE.\n\n_Bishop Ferrar._--Was the Bishop Ferrar (or Farrar), the martyr who\nsuffered during the reign of Mary, of the same family as Ferrers (or\nFerrars) earl of Derby and Nottingham, in the reign of Henry III.?\n\nA CONSTANT READER.\n\n_Sir Thomas de Longueville._--In the year 1753, a Sir Thomas de\nLongueville, baronet, was a lieutenant in his Majesty's fleet, and his\ncommission bore date 3rd June, 1719. I should be glad if any of your\ncorrespondents could inform me if he was a descendant of the De\nLongueville, the second _Fides Achates_ of Scotland's \"ill-requited chief.\"\nThe real Sir Thomas de Longueville reposes in the churchyard of Bourtie, in\nthe county of Aberdeen. Bourtie is a parish fraught with historic\nrecollections. On the hill of Barra, within a mile of the parish church,\nBruce at once and for ever put a period to the sway and power of the\nCuming. I should be glad to learn if any of the descendants of the\n_Lieutenant_ Longueville still survive, and if he was any descendant of the\nfavorite \"De Longueville\" of the olden time.\n\nABREDONENSIS.\n\n_Quotations wanted._--\n\n  (1.) \"Never ending, still beginning.\"\n\n  (2.) \"Chew the bitter cud of disappointment.\"\n\nWhence?\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_Symon Patrick, Bishop of Ely--Durham--Weston--Jephson._--In a small\nautobiography of Symon Patrick, the bishop's wife is stated to have been\n_Penelope Jephson_, grandchild of Lady Durham of Borstall. Can any of your\nreaders inform me who this Lady Durham was?\n\nPenelope Jephson was daughter of Sir Cornelius (?) Jephson, I suppose of\nMallow in Ireland.\n\nOne of Bishop Patrick's granddaughters, Penelope, married Edward Weston,\nUnder-Secretary of State, of Corkenhatch (Herts?). Query, Who was he, and\nare there any descendants of this marriage?\n\nK. G.\n\n_The Heveninghams of Suffolk and Norfolk._--This ancient family traces its\npedigree through twenty-five knights in succession to Galtir Heveninghame,\nwho lived when Canute was king of England, ann. 1020. (See Harleian MSS.\n1449. fol. 91 b.; and Southey's _Doctor_, &c.)\n\nFrom one of those knights, Sir John Hevenyngham (ob. 1536), descended a\ncollateral branch, represented by Walter Heveningham of Pipe Hall and Aston\nestates, Staffordshire (1562), who married Annela, daughter of Fitzherbert\nthe Judge. His eldest son was Nicholas, who married Eliza, daughter of Sir\nJohn Beevor; and the eldest son of the last-named was Sir Walter\nHeveningham (1612, ob. 1691).\n\nNow I should feel greatly obliged to any of your readers if, from any of\nthe published or written documents relating to the county of Stafford, or\nfrom any other source, they could favour me with answers to the following\nQueries:\n\n1. Whom did Sir Walter Heveningham marry? His second son married the widow\nof Sir Edward Simeon, Bart.; but\n\n2. What was the name of Sir Walter's eldest son, and whom did he marry? The\nissue of this {104} latter marriage was Charles Heveningham of Lichfield\n(ob. 1782), who married a daughter of Robinson of Appleby, and John\nHeveningham.\n\nA CHIP OF THE OLD BLOCK.\n\n_Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of\nMarch)._--Upon what authority does Miss Strickland say (_Lives of the\nQueens of England_, vol. iv. p. 300.) that it is stated \"by all ancient\nheralds\" that this lady died without issue? What herald can say this\nwithout bastardising the second Earl of Northumberland? This assertion is a\nvery sweeping one, and I have sought in vain for the statement said to be\nmade by all heralds.\n\nG.\n\n_Shape of Coffins._--It would be interesting to ascertain in what\nlocalities any peculiar form of coffin is used?\n\nIn Devonshire, particularly among the farmers and poorer classes, the\n_ridged_ coffin is very general, the end being gabled. The top, instead of\nbeing flat with one board, is made of two boards, like the double roof of a\nhouse; in other respects the shape is of the common form. The idea is, that\nsuch coffins resist much longer the weight of the superincumbent earth; but\nthere can be no doubt that it is a very ancient shape. Many years ago I\nheard that in some parish in this county the coffin was shaped like a\nflat-bottomed boat; the boat shape is known to have been an old form.\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nClyst St. George.\n\n_St. George Family Pictures._--In Gough's _Sepulchral Monuments_, vol. iii.\np. 77., it is mentioned, with reference to the estate of Hatley St. George,\nin county of Cambridge, that, at the sale of the house in 1782, \"The family\npictures were removed to Mr. Pearce's house at Cople, Bedford.\" Can any one\ntell me if the family pictures here spoken of were those of the St. George\nfamily (which inhabited the house for six hundred years); and if so, what\nhas become of them?\n\nR. A. S. O.\n\nCeylon, June 11, 1853.\n\n_Caley (John), \"Ecclesiastical Survey of the Possessions, &c. of the Bishop\nof St. David's,\" 8vo. 1812._--The above is said, in a bookseller's\ncatalogue, to be privately printed. It is unknown to the bishop of the\ndiocese and Mr. Black. Can any of your readers give any information about\nit?\n\nJOHN MARTIN.\n\nFroxfield.\n\n_Adamson's \"Lusitania Illustrata.\"_--Is there any prospect of Mr. Adamson\ncontinuing his _Lusitania Illustrata_? Could that accomplished Portuguese\nstudent kindly inform me if there is any better insight into Portuguese\nliterature than that contained in Bouterweck's _Geschichte der Poesie und\nBeredsamkeit_?\n\nW. M. M.\n\n_Blotting-paper._--When did blotting-paper first come into use. Carlyle, in\nhis _Life of Cromwell_, twice repeats that it was not known in those days.\nIs not this a mistake? I have a piece which I am able to refer to 1670.\n\nSPERIEND.\n\n_Poetical Versions of the Fragments in Athenaeus._--Can any of your\ncorrespondents inform me of the locus of any of these, in addition to\n_Blackwood_, xxxvi., and _Fraser's Magazine_?\n\nP. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nROBERT DRURY.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 533.; Vol. vii., p. 485.)\n\nUnder the conviction that Robert Drury was a real character, and his\n_Madagascar_ a true narrative of his shipwreck, sufferings, and captivity,\nI crave your permission to give a few additional reasons why I think he\nshould be discharged from the fictitious, and admitted into the catalogue\nof real and _bona fide_ English travellers.\n\nI have before stated that Drury did not skulk in the background when he\npublished his book in 1727; but, on the contrary, invited the public to\nTom's Coffee-house, where he engaged to satisfy the incredulous, and\nresolve the doubting. By the 3rd edition of _Madagascar_, 1743, it farther\nappears that he continued \"for some years before his death\" to resort to\nthe above-named house; \"at which place several inquisitive gentlemen\nreceived from his own mouth the confirmation of those particulars which\nseemed dubious, or carried with them the air of romance.\" The period was\ncertainly unpropitious for any but a writer of fiction, and Drury seems to\nhave anticipated no higher rank for his _Treatise_, in point of\nauthenticity, than that occupied by the several members of the Robinson\nCrusoe school. He, however, positively affirms it to be \"a plain honest\nnarrative of the matter of fact;\" which is endorsed in the following terms\nby \"Capt. William Mackett:\"\n\n    \"This is to certify, that Robert Drury, fifteen years a slave in\n    Madagascar, now living in London, was redeemed from thence and brought\n    into England, his native country, by myself. I esteem him an honest\n    industrious man, of good reputation, and do firmly believe that the\n    account he gives of his strange and surprising adventures is genuine\n    and authentic.\"\n\nMackett was a commander in the E. I. Comp. service; and the condenser of\nDrury's MSS., after showing the opportunities the Captain had of assuring\nhimself upon the points he certifies to, characterises him as a well-known\nperson, of the highest integrity and honour: a man, indeed, as unlikely to\nbe imposed upon, as to be guilty of lending himself to others, to carry out\na deception upon the public. {105}\n\nMr. Burton, in his lately published \"Narratives,\" points out another source\nof information regarding Drury, in the _Gent. Mag._ for 1769, where will be\nfound an account of W. Benbow; in this, allusion is made to his brother\nJohn Benbow, who was wrecked with Drury in the \"Degrave\" Indiaman, on\nMadagascar. W. D., who communicates the information to SYLVANUS URBAN,\nasserts that he recollects hearing the MS. Journal of this John Benbow\nread; and that it afforded to his mind a strong confirmation of the\ntruthfulness of Drury's _Madagascar_. He adds the following curious\nparticulars anent our subject:--\"Robin Drury,\" he says, \"among those who\nknew him (and he was known to many, being _a porter at the East India\nHouse_), had the character of a downright honest man, without any\nappearance of fraud or imposture. He was known to a friend of mine (now\nliving), who frequently called upon him at his house in Lincoln's Inn\nFields, which were not then enclosed. He tells me he has often seen him\nthrow a javelin there, and strike a small mark at a surprising distance. It\nis a pity,\" he adds, \"that this work of Drury's is not better known, and a\nnew edition published[1] (it having been long out of print); as it contains\nmuch more particular and authentic accounts of that large and barbarous\nisland, than any yet given; and, though it is true, it is in many respects\nas entertaining as Gulliver or Crusoe.\"\n\nIt may farther be mentioned that the French, who have a good acquaintance\nwith Madagascar, \"have found Drury's statement of the geography, the\nnatural history, the manners of the people, and the conspicuous men of the\ntime, in Madagascar, remarkably accurate.\" (_Bib. Gen. des Voyages_, Paris,\n1808.) Archdeacon Wrangham says: \"Duncombe (?) calls Drury's _Madagascar_\nthe best and most genuine account ever given of the island;\" and the\nmissionary Ellis quoted Drury without the slightest suspicion that any\ndoubt hangs over the genuineness of his narrative. Drury's account of\nhimself runs thus:--\"I, Robert Drury,\" he says, when commencing his book,\n\"was born on July 24, 1687, in Crutched Friars, London, where my father\nthen lived; but soon after removed to the Old Jury, near Cheapside, where\nhe was well known, and esteemed for keeping that noted house called 'The\nKing's Head,' or otherwise distinguished by the name of the Beef-stake\nHouse; and to which there was all my father's time a great resort of\nmerchants, and gentlemen of the best rank and character.\" To this famous\nresort of the Revolutionary and Augustan ages I lately betook myself for\n_my stake_, in the hope that _mine host_ might be found redolent of the\ntraditional glory of his house. But alas! that worthy, although firmly\nbelieving in the antiquity of the King's Head, and of there being _some\nbook_ in existence that would prove it, could not say of his own knowledge\nwhether the king originally complimented by his predecessor was Harry the\nEighth or George the Fourth!\n\nIn conclusion, I would just add, is not the circumstance of our subject\nholding the humble post of porter at the East India House confirmatory of\nthat part of his story which represents him as one of the crew of Hon.\nCompany's ship \"Degrave,\" whose wreck upon Madagascar I take to be an\nundoubted fact? What so probable as this recognition, in a small provision\nfor a man in his old age, whose misfortunes commenced while in their\nservice? Finally, to me the whole narrative of Robert Drury seems so\nprobable, and so well vouched for, that I have given in my adhesion thereto\nby removing him to a _higher shelf_ in my library than that occupied by\nsuch apocryphal persons as Crusoe, Quarle, Boyle, Falconer, and a host of\nthe like.\n\nJ. O.\n\n[Footnote 1: The editions of _Madagascar_ known to me are those of 1727,\n1731, and 1743, by the original publisher, Meadows, Hull, 1807, and London,\n1826.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE TERMINATION -BY.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 536.)\n\nI would suggest a doubt, whether the suffix _-by_, in the names of places,\naffords us any satisfactory evidence, _per se_, of their exclusively Danish\norigin. This termination is of no unfrequent occurrence in districts, both\nin this country and elsewhere, to which the Danes, _properly so called_,\nwere either utter strangers, or wherein they at no time established any\npermanent footing. The truth is, there seems to be a fallacy in this Danish\ntheory, in so far as it rests upon the testimony of language; for, upon\ninvestigation, we generally find that the word or phrase adduced in its\nsupport was one recognised, not in any single territory alone, but\nthroughout the whole of Scandinavia, whose different tribes, amid some\ntrifling variations of dialect, which can now be scarcely ascertained, were\nall of them as readily intelligible to one another as are, at this day, the\ninhabitants of two adjoining English counties. If this were so, it appears\nthat, in the case before us, nothing can be proved from the existence of\nthe expression, beyond the fact of its _Norse_ origin; and our reasonable\nand natural course is, if we would arrive at its true signification, to\nrefer at once to the parent tongue of the Scandinavian nations, spoken in\ncommon, and during a long-continued period, amid the snows of distant\nIceland, on the mountains of Norway, the plains of Denmark, and in the\nforests of Sweden.\n\nThis ancient and widely-diffused language was the Icelandic, Norman, or\nDoensk tunga,--that in which were written the Eddas and Skalda, the {106}\nNjala and Heimskringla. In it we have the suffix _by_, under the forms of\nthe verbs _ek by_, _ek bio_, or _at bua_, and _ek byggi_ or _byggia_,\nmanere, habitare, incolere, struere, edificare; also the nouns _bu_\n(Ang.-Sax. _by_, Dan. _bo_, _by_), domus, habitaculum; and _bui_, incola,\ncolonus, vicinus; closely assimilated expressions all of them, in which the\nroots are found of our English words _bide_, _abide_, _be_, _by_ (denoting\nproximity), _build_, _borough_, _bury_ (Edmondsbury), _barrow_, _byre_,\n_bower_, _abode_, _&c._ Now, these explanations undoubtedly confirm the\ninterpretation assigned by MR. E. S. TAYLOR to his terminating syllable;\nand it is probable enough that the villages to which he refers received\ntheir titles from the Danes, who, we know, on the subjugation of its former\ninhabitants, possessed themselves of the country in which they are\nsituated. This, however, is a begging the question; for, resting simply on\nthe evidence of the suffix, it is equally probable that these places\npreserved the names assigned to them by their former northern colonists.\nBut our _by_ or _bua_, Ang.-Sax. _bugan_ and _beon_, and the Germ. (ich)\n_bin_ and _bauen_, have all been referred by learned philologists to the\nGreek [Greek: phuo], or to [Greek: bioo], or to [Greek: pauo, pauomai]; and\nthe word has affinities scattered throughout numerous languages (there are\nthe Camb.-Brit. _bydio_, habitare, and _byw_, vivere, for instance), so\nthat we are surrounded by difficulties, if we attempt to establish from its\nuse any such point as that involved in your correspondent's Query.\n\nCOWGILL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE ROSICRUCIANS.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 619.)\n\nWhen Pope, in dedicating his _Rape of the Lock_ to Mrs. Arabella Fermor,\nwas desirous of putting within the reach of that lady the information which\nMR. E. S. TAYLOR has sought through your pages, he wrote:\n\n    \"The _Rosicrucians_ are a people that I must bring you acquainted with.\n    The best account of them I know is in a French book called _Le Compte\n    de Gabalis_, which, both in its title and size, is so like a novel,\n    that many of the fair sex have read it for one by\n    mistake.\"--_Dedicatory Letter to the Rape of the Lock._\n\nThis celebrated work was written by the Abbe Montfaucon de Villars, and\npublished in 1670. \"C'est une partie (says Voltaire, _Siecle de Louis\nXIV._) de l'ancienne mythologie des Perses. L'auteur fut tue en 1675 d'un\ncoup de pistolet. On dit que les sylphes l'avaient assassine pour avoir\nrevele leurs mysteres.\" In 1680, an English translation appeared (_penes\nme_), entitled:\n\n    \"The Count of Gabalis; or the Extravagant Mysteries of the Cabalists,\n    exposed in Five Pleasant Discourses on the Secret Sciences. Done into\n    English by P. A. (Peter Ayres), Gent., with short Animadversions.\n    London printed for B. M., printer to the Royal Society of the Sages at\n    the Signe of the Rosy Crusian.\"\n\nThe original French work went through several editions: my own copy bears\nthe imprint of _Amsterdam_, 1715, and has appended to it _La Suite du\nCompte de Gabalis, ou Entretiens sur les Sciences secretes, touchant la\nnouvelle Philosophie_,\" &c.\n\nSo much in deference to Pope,--whose only object, however, was to make Mrs.\nFermor acquainted with so much of Rosicrucianism as was necessary to the\ncomprehension of the machinery of his poem. MR. E. S. TAYLOR must go\nfarther afield if he is desirous of \"earning the _vere adeptus_,\" and\nbecoming, like Butler's _Ralpho_--\n\n  For MYSTIC LEARNING wondrous able,\n  In magic _Talisman_ and _Cabal_,\n  Whose primitive tradition reaches\n  As far as ADAM'S first green breeches;\n  Deep-sighted in INTELLIGENCES,\n  IDEAS, ATOMS, INFLUENCES;\n  And much of TERRA-INCOGNITA,\n  Th' intelligible world could say;\n  A deep OCCULT PHILOSOPHER,\n  As learned as the wild Irish are,\n  Or SIR AGRIPPA; for profound\n  And solid lying much renowned.\n  He ANTHROPOSOPHUS and FLUDD,\n  And JACOB BEHMEN understood;\n  Knew many an amulet and charm,\n  That would do neither good nor harm;\n  In ROSY-CRUCIAN lore as learned\n  As he that _vere adeptus_ earned.\"\n                  _Hudibras_, Part i. Canto 1.\n\nThese lines enumerate, in a scarcely satirical form, the objects and\nresults of a study of _Rosicrucianism_, in so far as it differs from that\nof alchemy and the occult sciences. The history of the _Rosicrucians_,--or\nrather the inquiry as to whether actually existed at any time such a\ncollege or brotherhood, and, if so, to what degree of antiquity can it lay\nclaim,--forms another and, perhaps, somewhat more profitable subject of\nattention. This question, however, having been fully discussed elsewhere, I\nwill conclude by a _catalogue raisonne_ of such books and essays (the most\nimportant of which are readily obtainable) as will enable your\ncorrespondent to acquire for himself the information he seeks.\n\n    Allgemeine und General Reformation der ganzen weiten Welt, beneben der\n    Fama Fraternitatis, oder Enstehung der Bruederschaft des loeblichen\n    Ordens des _Rosenkreutzes_, &c. 8vo. Cassel, 1614. [Ascribed to John\n    Valentine Andrea. In this pamphlet occurs the _first_ mention of the\n    society; no allusion being made to it in the works of Bacon,\n    Paracelsus, Agrippa, &c. It was republished at Frankfort in 1617 under\n    a somewhat different title. Appended to it is a tract entitled\n    \"Sendbrieff, oder Bericht an Alle welche von den _neuen_ Bruederschafft\n    des Ordens von _Rosen-Creutz_ genannt etwas gelesen,\" &c. This work\n    contains a full account of the origin and tenets of the brotherhood,\n    {107} and is the source whence modern writers have drawn their\n    information. It called into existence a host of pamphlets for and\n    against the very existence and tenets of the society.]\n\n    Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, accompagnee d'un Catalogue\n    raisonne des Ecrivains de cette Science, par l'Abbe Lenglet du Fresnoy.\n    3 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1742.\n\n    Theomagia, or the Temple of Wisdom, containing the Occult Powers of the\n    Angels of Astromancy in the Telesmatical Sculpture of the Persians and\n    Aegyptians; the knowledge of the _Rosie-Crucian_ Physick, and the\n    Miraculous in Nature, &c., by John Heydon. 8vo. 1664. [The works of\n    this enthusiast are extremely curious and rare. He is also the author\n    of the following.]\n\n    The Wiseman's Crowne, or the Glory of the _Rosie-Cross_, &c.; with the\n    Regie Lucis, and Holy Household of _Rosie-Crucian_ Philosophers. 8vo.\n    1664.\n\n    Elhavarevna, or the English Physitian's Tutor in the Astrabolismes of\n    Mettals _Rosie-Crucian_, Miraculous Sapphiric Medicines of the Sun and\n    Moon, &c., all Harmoniously United, and Operated by Astromancy and\n    Geomancy, in so Easie a Method that a Fine Lady may practise and\n    compleat Incredible, Extraordinary Telesmes (and read her Gallant's\n    devices without disturbing her fancy), and cure all Diseases in Yong\n    and Old, whereunto is added Psonthonphancia, &c. 8vo. 1665.\n\n    Dictionnaire Infernal; ou Repertoire des Etres, Apparitions de la\n    Magique, des Sciences occultes, Impostures, &c., par Collin de Plancy.\n    8vo. Paris, 1844.\n\nTo render this list more complete, a great number may be added, the titles\nof which will be found in the following essays, from which much information\non the subject will be gained:--\n\n    New Curiosities of Literature. By George Soane, B.A. 2 vols. 8vo.\n    London, 1849. [In vol. ii. p. 135. is an able and interesting essay\n    entitled \"_Rosicrucianism and Freemasonry_,\" in which the author, with\n    considerable success, endeavours to show that _Rosicrucianism_ had no\n    existence before the sixteenth century, and is a mere elaboration of\n    Paracelsian doctrines: and that _Freemasonry_ is nothing more than an\n    offspring from it, and has, consequently, no claim to the antiquity of\n    which it boasts.]\n\n    Swift's Tale of a Tub. [In Section X. of this wonderful book will be\n    found a caustic piece of satire on the futility of the _Rosicrucian_\n    philosophy.]\n\n    Butler's Hudibras. [Grey's notes to part I., _passim._]\n\n    Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions. By Charles Mackay, LL.D. 2\n    vols. 8vo. [In the section devoted to the _Alchymists_, is a carefully\n    compiled account of the _Rosicrucians_.]\n\n    Chambers's Papers for the People, No. 33., vol. v., \"Secret Societies\n    of the Middle Ages.\"\n\n    Idem, No. 66., \"Alchemy and the Alchemists.\"\n\n    The Guardian, No. 166.\n\n    The Spectator, No. 574.\n\n    Idem, No. 379. [This number contains Budgell's _Legend of the Sepulchre\n    of Rosicrucius_.]\n\n    The Rosicrucian: a Novel. 3 vols. 8vo.\n\n    Zanoni. By Sir E. L. Bulwer.\n\nAfter the slumber of a century, with new objects and regulations,\n_Rosicrucianism_ (so to speak) was revived in the country of its birth.\n\nA very curious volume was published fifty years ago, entitled _Proofs of a\nConspiracy against all the Religions and Governments of Europe, carried on\nin the secret meetings of Freemasons, Illuminati, and Reading Societies_,\nby John Robinson, A.M., &c., 8vo., London, 1798. This volume is chiefly\noccupied by a history of the origin, proceedings, and objects of the\n_Illuminati_, a sect which had rendered important services to revolutionary\ninterests, and laid the foundations of European propagandism. Much curious\nmatter relative to this sect will also be found in George Sand's _Comtesse\nde Rudolstadt_, vol. ii.; upon, or just before, its extinction, a new\npolitical association was formed at Baden and Carlsruhe, under the auspices\nof Baron van Edelsheim, police minister of the Elector, under the title of\n_Die Rosenkrietzer_. This society was called into existence by a\nreactionary dread of that republicanism in politics, and atheism in morals,\nwhich seemed at that time to prey upon the vitals of European society. The\nsociety soon spread, and had its affiliations in various parts of Germany,\ngiving such uneasiness to Buonaparte, to the accomplishment of whose\nprojects it exercised an adverse influence, that he despatched a secret\nmessenger for the purpose of obtaining information as to its projects and\ndevelopments. He did everything in his power to destroy the association,\nwhich, however, survived, until his murder of Palm, the bookseller, for\npublishing the _Geist der Zeit_, seeming to call for a new and modified\nassociation, led to its extinction, and the creation of a new secret\nsociety, the celebrated _Tungen-Bund_, in its place.\n\nIt will be seen that in the foregoing I have confined myself to that part\nof your correspondent's Query which relates to \"the Brethren of the\nRosy-Cross.\" I have not ventured to allude to the Alchymists, or the\nwritings of Paracelsus, his predecessors and followers, which form a\nlibrary, and demand a catalogue for their mere enumeration. If MR. E. S.\nTAYLOR, however, is desirous of farther information, and will favour me\nwith his address, I shall be happy to assist his researches in Hermetic\nphilosophy to the extent of my ability.\n\nWILLIAM BATES.\n\nBirmingham.\n\nThe Society of Rosicrucians, or Rosecroix (whom Collier calls a sect of\nmountebanks), first started into existence in Germany in the seventeenth\ncentury. They laid claim to the possession of divers secrets, among which\nthe philosopher's stone was the least. They never dared to appear publicly,\nand styled themselves _The Invisible_. {108}\n\nIn 1622 they put forth the following advertisement:\n\n    \"We, deputed by our College, the principal of the brethren of the\n    Rosicrucians, to make our visible and invisible abode in this city,\n    through the grace of the Most High; towards whom are turned the hearts\n    of the just: we teach without books or notes, and speak the languages\n    of the countries wherever we are, to draw men like ourselves from the\n    error of death.\"\n\nThe Illuminati of Spain were a branch of this sect. In 1615 one John\nBringeret printed a work in Germany containing two treatises, entitled _The\nManifesto and Confession of Faith of the Fraternity of the Rosicrucians in\nGermany_.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nINSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS.\n\n(Vol. vi., p. 554. Vol. vii., p. 633.)\n\nMy note-book contains a considerable number of inscriptions on bells; some\nextracted from books, but others transcribed from the bells themselves. I\nsend you a few of the most remarkable inscriptions, with one or two notes\non the subject.\n\nChesterton, Cambridgeshire:\n\n1. \"God save the Church.\"\n\n2. \"Non sono animabus mortuorum, sed viventium.\"\n\nS. Benet's, Cambridge (see Le-Keux' _Memorials_):\n\n  1. \"Of all the bels in Bennet, I am the best,\n  And yet for my casting the parish paid lest. 1607.\"\n\n  2.  \"Non nomen fero ficti,\n      Sed nomen Benedicti. 1610.\"\n\n  3. \"This bell was broke, and cast againe,\n      by John Draper, in 1618,\n        as plainly doth appeare:\n          Churchwardens were,\n            Edward Dixon,\n              for one,\n      who stood close to his tacklyn,\n    and he that was his partner then,\n        was Alexander Jacklyn.\"\n\nGirton, Cambridgeshire:\n\n    \"Non clamor sed amor cantat in aure Dei.\"\n\nStoneleigh, Warwickshire:\n\n1. \"Michaele te pulsante Winchelcombe a petente daemone te libera.\n\n2. \"O Kenelme nos defende ne maligni sentiamus focula.\"\n\nEastry, Kent:\n\n    \"One bell inscribed with the names of the churchwardens and the maker;\n    a shilling of William III., and other coins are let into the rim.\"\n\nErith, Kent:\n\n    \"A tablet in the belfry commemorates the ringing of a peal of 726\n    changes in twenty-six minutes.\"\n\nS. Clement, Sandwich, Kent:\n\n    \"In the ringing chamber of this noble tower is a windlass for lowering\n    the bells in case of repairs becoming necessary, with a trap-door in\n    the floor opening into the church.\"\n\nS. Mary, Sandwich, Kent:\n\n    \"This bel was bought and steeple built, A.D. 1718. J. Bradley, R.\n    Harvey, Ch. wardens. R. P. F.\"\n\nS. Andrew, Histon, Camb.:\n\n    \"Coins of Queen Anne in the rim of one bell; but dated 1723.\"\n\nS. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster (Weever, _Fur. Mon._, p. 491., edit. fol.\n1631):\n\n    \"King Edward the Third built in the little sanctuarie a clochard of\n    stone and timber, and placed therein three bells, for the vse of Saint\n    _Stephen's_ Chappel. About the biggest bell was engrauen, or cast in\n    the metall, these words:\n\n     'King Edward made mee thirtie thousand weight and three:\n      Take mee downe and wey mee, and more you shall fynd mee.'\n\n    But these bells being to be taken downe, in the raigne of King _Henry_\n    the Eight, one writes vnderneath with a coal:\n\n     'But _Henry_ the Eight will bait me of my weight.'\"\n\nIf any farther extracts may interest you, they are very much at your\nservice.\n\nW. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWAS COOK THE DISCOVERER OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS?\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 6.)\n\nMR. WARDEN will find this question discussed by La Perouse (English 8vo.\nedit., vol. ii. ch. 6.), who concludes unhesitatingly that the Sandwich\ngroup is identical with a cluster of islands discovered by the Spanish\nnavigator Gaetan in 1542, and by him named \"The King's Islands.\" These the\nSpaniard placed in the tenth, although the Sandwich Islands are near the\ntwentieth, degree of north latitude, which La Perouse believed was a mere\nclerical error. The difference in longitude, sixteen or seventeen degrees,\nhe ascribed to the imperfect means of determination possessed by the early\nnavigators, and to their ignorance of the currents of the Pacific.\n\nAllowing for the mistake in latitude, the King's Islands are evidently the\nsame as those found on some old charts, about the nineteenth and twentieth\ndegrees of north latitude, under the names of _La Mesa_, _Los Mayos_, and\n_La Disgraciada_; which Capt. Dixon, as well as La Perouse, sought for in\nvain in the longitude assigned to them. They appear to have been introduced\ninto the {109} English and French charts from that found in the galleon\ntaken by Commodore Anson, and of which a copy is given in the account of\nhis voyage. Cook, or Lieutenant Roberts, the compiler of the charts to his\nthird voyage, retained them; and La Perouse was the first to erase them\nfrom the map. There can, indeed, be little doubt of their identity with the\nSandwich Islands. But although Cook was not actually the first European who\nhad visited those islands, to him rightly belongs all the glory of their\ndiscovery. Forgotten by the Spaniards, misplaced on the chart a thousand\nmiles too far to the eastward, and unapproached for 240 years, their\nexistence utterly unknown and unsuspected, Cook was, to all intents and\npurposes, their real discoverer.\n\nC. E. BAGOT.\n\nDublin.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMEGATHERIUM AMERICANUM.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 590.)\n\nIs not the cast of a skeleton in the British Museum, recently alluded to by\nA FOREIGN SURGEON, and which is labelled _Megatherium Americanum_ Blume.,\nbetter known to English naturalists by its more correct designation of\n_Mylodon robustus_ Owen; and if so, why is the proper appellation not\npainted on the label? If that had been done, _A Foreign Surgeon_ would not\nhave fallen into the error of confounding the remains of two distinctly\ndifferent animals.\n\nMight I beg leave to add, for the information of your correspondent, that\nno British naturalist \"of any mark or likelihood,\" has ever assumed that\n(though undoubtedly sloths) either the _Mylodon_, _Scelidotherium_, or\n_Megatherium_, were climbers. Indeed, the whole osseous structure of those\nanimals proves that they were formed to uprend the trees that gave them\nsustenance. By no other hypothesis can we intelligibly account for the\nimmense expanse of pelvis, the great bulk of hind-legs, the solid tail, the\nmassive anterior limbs furnished with such powerful claws, and the\nextraordinary large spinal chord--all these the characteristic features of\nthe _Mylodon_.\n\nWhether there were palms or not at the period of the telluric formation, I\ncannot undertake to say; but as A FOREIGN SURGEON assumes that a palm is an\nexogenous tree (!), I am induced to suspect that his acquaintance with\ngeology may be equally as limited as his knowledge of botany. Besides, what\ncan he mean by speaking of a sloth \"the size of a large bear?\" Why, the\n_Mylodon_ must have been larger than a rhinoceros or hippopotamus. The\nveriest tyro in natural history would see that at the first glance of the\nmassive skeleton.\n\nIt is a painful and ungracious task to have to pen these observations,\nespecially, too, in the case of a stranger. But \"N. & Q.\" must not be made\na channel for erroneous statements, and we \"natives and to the manner born\"\nmust be allowed to know best what is in our own museums.\n\nW. PINKERTON.\n\nHam.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Stereoscopic Angles._--Like many of your correspondents, I have been an\ninquirer on the subject of stereoscopic angles, which seems to be still a\nproblem for solution. What is this problem? for until that be known, we\ncannot hope for a solution. I would ask, is it this?--_Stereoscopic\npictures should create in the mind precisely such a conception as the two\neyes would if viewing the object represented by the stereograph._ If this\nbe the problem (and I cannot conceive otherwise), its solution is simple\nenough, as it consists in placing the cameras _invariably_ 2-1/2 inches\napart, on a line parallel to the building, or a plane passing through such\na figure as a statue, &c. In this mode of treatment we should have two\npictures possessing like stereosity with those on the retinas, and\nconsequently with like result and as our eyes enable us to conceive\nperfectly of any solid figure, so would the stereograph. I believe,\ntherefore, that this is, under every circumstance, the correct treatment;\nsimply because every other mode may be proved to be false to nature.\n\nProfessor Wheatstone recommends 1 in 25 when objects are more than 50 feet\ndistant, and this rule seems to be pretty generally followed. Its\nincorrectness admits of easy demonstration. Suppose a wall 300 feet in\nextent, with abutments, each two feet in front, and projecting two feet\nfrom the wall, at intervals of five feet. The proper distance from the\nobserver ought to be 450 feet, which, agreeably with this rule, would\nrequire a space of 18 feet between the cameras. Under this treatment the\nresult would be, that both of the _sides, as well as the fronts_, of the\nthree central abutments would be seen; whilst of all the rest, only the\nfront and one side would be visible. This would be outraging nature, and\nfalse, and therefore should, I believe, be rejected. The eyes of an\nobserver situated midway between the cameras, could not possibly perceive\neither of the sides of the buttress opposite to him, and only the side next\nto him of the rest. This seems to me conclusive.\n\nAgain, your correspondent [Phi]. (Vol. vii., p. 16.) says, that for\nportraits he finds 1 in 10 a good rule. Let the sitter hold, straight from\nthe front, _i.e._ in the centre, a box 2-1/2 inches in width. The result\nwould be, that in the stereographs the box would have both its sides\nrepresented, and the front, instead of being horizontal, consisting of two\ninclined lines, _i.e._ unless the cameras were {110} placed on _one line_,\nwhen it would be horizontal. In such treatment the departure from both is\nas great as in the first example, and the outrage greater, inasmuch as,\nunder these circumstances (I mean a boy with a box), to any person of\ncommon sense, the caricature would be at a glance obvious. This rule, then,\nalthough it produces stereosity enough, being false, should also be\nrejected.\n\nI believe that 2-1/2 inches will be found to be right under any\ncircumstance; but should sufficient reasons be offered for a better rule, I\ntrust I am open to conviction, and shall hail with great pleasure a\ndemonstration of its correctness.\n\nShould it, however, turn out that I have given a right definition, and a\ncorrect solution of this most interesting problem, I shall rejoice to know\nthat I have rendered an essential service to a great number of anxious\nstudents in photography.\n\nT. L. MERRITT.\n\nMaidstone.\n\n_Yellow Bottles for Photographic Chemicals._--The proposal of your\ncorrespondent CERIDWEN to employ yellow glass bottles for preventing the\ndecomposition of photographic solutions has been anticipated. It was\nsuggested by me, in some lectures on Photography in November 1847, and in\nJanuary of the present year, that yellow bottles might be so used, as well\nas for preventing the decomposition, by light, of the vegetable substances\nused in pharmacy, such as digitalis, ipecacuanha, cinchona, &c. For\nsolutions of silver, however, the most effectual remedy against\nprecipitation is the use of very pure water, procured by slow\nredistillation in glass vessels at a temperature much below the boiling\npoint.\n\nHUGH OWEN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Earth upon Earth, &c._--I think the information which has been elicited in\nconnexion with the so-called \"Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott,\" \"N. &\nQ.,\" Vol. vii., p. 498., sufficiently curious to justify an additional\nreference to the sentiment in question; the more so as I have to mention\nthe name of its putative author. In Montgomery's _Christian Poet_, 3rd\nedit. p. 58., he gives, under the title of \"Earth upon Earth,\" five verses,\nwhich it would appear are substantially the same as those published by\nWeaver (whose _Funeral Monuments_, his only publication, I have not within\nreach), but they exhibit considerable verbal difference in the verses\ncorresponding with those cited in \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. vii., p. 576. Montgomery\ntells us in a note that this extract, given under the name of William\nBillyng, along with another from a poem entitled \"The Five Wounds of\nChrist,\" by the same author, were from \"a manuscript on parchment of great\nantiquity, in possession of William Bateman, Esq.,\" of which a few copies\nhad been printed at Manchester, and \"accompanied by rude but exceedingly\ncurious cuts.\" Now who was William Billyng? And when did he live?\nMontgomery says \"the age of this author is well known.\" The death of the\nArchbishop of Canterbury, to whom Weaver (_Fun. Mon._ 1631) applies the\nStratford epigraph, is temp. Edward III. Is Mr. Bateman's MS. in a hand\nindicating so early a date?\n\nJ. H.\n\n_Picalyly_ (Vol. viii., p. 8.).--In Barnaby Rich's _Honestie of this Age_,\np. 37. of the Percy Society reprint, we find this passage:\n\n    \"But he that some fortie or fifty yeares sithens should haue asked\n    after a Pickadilly, I wonder who could haue understood him, or could\n    haue told what a Pickadilly had beene, either fish or flesh.\"\n\nLittle did the writer think that in future years the name would become a\n\"household word;\" though his prophecy as to the meaning of the word has\nbeen fulfilled by the appearance of the Query in the pages of \"N. & Q.\"\n\nThe editor of the work, Mr. Peter Cunningham, has a long note on the above\npassage; and I am indebted to him for the following.\n\n    \"Ben Jonson (_Works_ by Gifford, viii. 370.) speaks of a _picardill_ as\n    a new cut of band much in fashion:\n\n     'Ready to cast at one whose band stands still,\n      And then leap mad on a neat _picardill_.'\n\n    \"But Middleton, _The World tost at Tennis_, 1620, speaks of a\n    _pickadill_ in connexion with the shears, the needle, &c. of the\n    tailor; from which it appears to have been an instrument used for\n    plaiting the picked vandyke collar worn in those days.\n\n    \"Mr. Gifford, in a note on another passage in Ben Jonson, says:\n\n    '_Picardil_ is simply a diminutive of _picca_ (Span. and Ital.), a\n    spear-head; and was given to this article of foppery from a fancied\n    resemblance of its stiffened plaits to the bristled points of these\n    weapons. Blount thinks, and apparently with justice, that _Picadilly_\n    took its name frown the sale of the 'small stiff collars so called,'\n    which was first set on foot in a house near the western [eastern]\n    extremity of the present street by one Higgins, a tailor.'\"\n\nThe bands worn by the clergy and judges, &c., at the present day, are\nlineal descendants of the old _picadils_, reduced to a more sober cut; and\nthe picked ornament alluded to by your correspondent no doubt derived its\nname from its resemblance in shape to these tokens of ancient fashion.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n_Mr. Justice Newton_ (Vol. vii., pp. 528. 600.; Vol. viii., p. 15.).--I did\nnot answer MR. F. KYFFIN LENTHALL'S first Query, because it was {111}\npalpable, from the context, that the \"Mr. Justice Newton\" he inquired after\ncould not possibly be the Chief Justice who flourished in the fifteenth\ncentury; and because I am not aware of any judge of the superior courts of\nthat name, during the time of the Commonwealth, or the years which\nimmediately preceded or followed that period. Indeed, his designation as\n\"Mr. Justice Newton, _of the Middle Temple_,\" plainly proves that he could\nnot have been a judge upon the Bench at Westminster. He may perhaps have\nbeen a Welsh judge; or, remembering that \"Mr. Justice\" was the common title\nfor a Justice of the Peace, it is still more probable that he was merely a\nmagistrate of the county in which he resided.\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\n_Manners of the Irish_ (Vol. viii., p. 5.).--In the very curious extract\ngiven by your correspondent H., _boyranne_ is very likely to stand for\n_borbhan_, the Irish for \"lamentation\" or \"complaint.\" An Irish landlord\nknows full well that, even up to the present day, his tenants \"keep the\nbread, and make _borbhan_.\" _Molchan_, I suspect, comes from _miolc_, whey.\n_Localran_ stands for _loisgrean_, corn turned out of the ear. As to the\nconcluding line of the extract, I must leave it to some better Irish\nscholar than I can boast myself.\n\n \"I am the geyest mayed of all that brought the somer houme,\"\n\nplainly has reference to the old practice, still prevalent in some parts of\nIreland on May-day, when young girls carry about a figure dressed as a\nbaby, singing the Irish song, [Irish: thugamar fein an samhra linn], \"We\nhave brought the summer with us\" (See _Transactions of the Kilkenny\nArchaeological Society_). _Ultagh_ (_Ultach_) is Irish for an Ulster man,\nas H. will see by consulting any Irish dictionary, and can have no\nconnexion with Utlagh, the Kilkenny money-lender. _Ugteller_ is of course a\nmisprint for _Kyteller_. Would that H. would give us his real name and\naddress, or at least allow me to ask whether H. F. H. do not constitute his\ninitials in full.\n\nJAMES GRAVES.\n\nKilkenny.\n\n_Arms of the See of York_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--I was about to send a note\nto \"N. & Q.,\" pointing out that Mr. Knight, in his heraldic illustrations\nto 2 _Hen. IV._, in his _Pictorial Edition of Shakspeare_, has given the\nmodern bearings of the see of York to Archbishop Scroope, instead of those\nwhich belonged to that date, when I observed a Query from TEE BEE, asking\nthe date and origin of the _change_ of arms which took place. I am sorry\nthat I am unable to give any authority for my statement, but I believe it\nto be not the less true, that the change in question took place when\nCardinal Wolsey came to the see. Nor can I give any farther reason for that\nchange than the notorious jealousy of the Cardinal towards the superior\nrank of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Up to this period the arms of the two\nsees were precisely the same, though TEE BEE gives the number of crosses\n\"patee fitchee\" on the pall for difference; I should be glad to know\nwhether there is good authority for this statement. The present arms of the\nsee evidently have reference to the dedication of the ancient cathedral\nchurch to St. Peter.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n_\"Up, Guards, and at 'em!\"_ (Vol. v., p. 426.).--These oft-quoted words\nhave already engaged the attention of the readers of \"N. & Q.\" Your\nfrequent correspondent C. (Vol. v., p. 426.) is of opinion that the Duke\n_did_ make use of these, or equivalent, words. The following extract I have\ncopied from an article in the June number of _Bentley's Miscellany_. It\nwill be found at p. 700. as a foot-note to a clever article, one of a\nseries, entitled \"Random Recollections of Campaigns under the Duke of\nWellington,\" written by an officer of the second brigade of Guards.\n\n    \"The expression attributed to the Duke of 'Up, guards, and at them\n    again!' I have good reason for _knowing_ was never made use of by him.\n    He was not even _with_ the brigade of Guards in question at the _time_\n    they rose from their recumbent position to attack the French column in\n    their front, and therefore could not well have thus addressed them. I\n    never heard this story till long after, on my return to England, when\n    it was related by a lady at a dinner-table; probably it was the\n    invention of some goodly Botherby. I remember denying my belief at the\n    time, and my view has since been sufficiently confirmed. Besides, the\n    words bear no internal evidence of the style either of thought or even\n    expression of him to whom they were attributed.\"\n\nThe invention of the goodly Botherby has prospered!\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B. A.\n\n_Coleridge's Christabel--The 3rd Part_ (Vol. viii., pp. 11, 12.).--MR. J.\nS. WARDEN asks if I am correct in stating the 3rd part of _Christabel_ to\nbe the composition of Dr. Maginn. I can but \"_give my authority_\" in a\nreference to a sketch of Maginn's life, in a new and well-conducted\nperiodical, _The Irish Quarterly Review_, which, in the number for\nSeptember, 1852, after giving a most humorous account of a first interview\nbetween Blackwood and his wild Irish contributor, who had for more than a\nyear been mystifying the editor by contributions under various signatures,\nproceeds thus:--\n\n    \"A few days before the first interview with Blackwood, Maginn had sent\n    in his famous 'Third part of Christabel.' It is only to be found in the\n    Magazine; and as many of our readers must be unacquainted with the\n    poem, we here subjoin it.\"\n\n{112} The poem follows, containing the lines which led to the first inquiry\non this subject.\n\nIt was having read the Memoir in _The Irish Quarterly_ which enabled me so\npromptly to remember where the lines were to be found; but I had long\nbefore heard, and never doubted, that the clever parody was composed by Dr.\nMaginn.\n\nA. B. R.\n\nBelmont.\n\n_Mitigation of Capital Punishment_ (Vol. viii., p. 42.).--I am sorry MR.\nGATTY takes the phrase \"mythic accompaniments\" as an imputation on himself.\nI did not intend it for one, having no doubt that he repeated the story as\nhe heard it. In it were two statements of the highest decree of\nimprobability. One I showed (Vol. v., p. 434.) to be contrary to penal, the\nother to forensic practice. One MR. GATTY found to have been only a report,\nthe other to have occurred at a different place and under different\ncircumstances. Had these been stated in the first version, I should not\nhave disputed them. Whittington was thrice Lord Mayor of London--that is\nhistory, to which the prophecy of Bow-bells and the exportation of the cat\nare \"mythic accompaniments.\"\n\nA word as to \"disclosing only initials.\" I think you, as a means of\nauthentification, should have the name and address of every correspondent.\nYou have mine, and may give them to any one who pays me the compliment of\nasking; but I do not seek farther publicity.\n\nH. B. C.\n\nOxford.\n\n_The Man with the Iron Mask_ (Vol. vii., pp. 234. 344.).--I think that Mr.\nJames, in his _Life and Times of Louis XIV._, has, to say the least, shown\nstrong grounds for doubting the theory which identifies this person with\nMathioli; and since then several writers have been inclined to fall back,\nin the want of any more probable explanation, on the old idea that the\ncaptive was a twin brother of Louis. What has become of the letter from M.\nde St. Mars, said to have been discovered some years ago, confirming this\nlast hypothesis? Has any such letter been published, and, if so, what is\nthe opinion of its genuineness?\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n_Gentleman executed for Murder of a Slave_ (Vol. vii., p. 107.)--Sometime\nbetween 1800 and 1805, Lord Seaforth being Governor of Barbadoes, a\nslaveowner, having killed one of his own slaves, was tried for the murder\nand acquitted, the law considering that such an act was not murder.\nThereupon Lord Seaforth came to England, obtained an act of parliament\ndeclaring the killing of a slave to be murder, and returned to Barbadoes to\nresume his official duties. Soon afterwards another slave was killed by his\nowner, who was tried, convicted, and sentenced to be hanged for murder\nunder the new act of parliament. At the time appointed the prisoner was\nbrought out for execution, but so strong was public feeling, that the\nordinary executioner was not forthcoming; and on the governor requiring the\nsheriff to perform his office either in person or by deputy, after some\nexcuses he absolutely refused. The governor then addressed the guard of\nsoldiers, desiring a volunteer for executioner, adding, \"whoever would\nvolunteer should be subsequently protected as well as rewarded then.\" One\npresented himself, and it thenceforth became as dangerous to kill a slave\nas a freeman in Barbadoes.\n\nG. M. E. C.\n\n_Jahn's Jahrbuch_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--Permit me to inform your\ncorrespondent E. C. that there is a copy of Jahn's _Jahrbuecher fuer\nPhilologie und Paedagogik_ in the library of Sir Robert Taylor's\nInstitution, Oxford. Although this library is for the use of members of the\nuniversity, I am sure the curators of the institution will give their\npermission to consult the books in it, to any gentleman who is properly\nrecommended to them.\n\nJ. MACRAY.\n\nOxford.\n\n_Character of the Song of the Nightingale_ (Vol. vii., p. 397.).--I imagine\nthat many of the writers quoted by your correspondent lived in places too\nfar removed to the north or west (as is my own case) ever to have heard the\nnightingale, and are, in consequence, not competent authorities as to a\nsong they can only have described at second hand; but that Shelley was not\nfar wrong in styling it voluptuous, and placing it amidst the luxurious\nbowers of Daphne, may receive some confirmation from an anecdote told by\nNimrod (\"Life and Times,\" _Fraser's Magazine_, vol. xxv. p. 301.) of the\nsad effects produced both on morals and parish rates by the visit of a\nnightingale one summer to the groves of Erthig, near Wrexham.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\nI accidently met with a scrap of evidence on this point lately, as I was\ndriving at midnight on a sudden call to visit a dying man. The nightingales\nwere singing in full choir, when my servant, an intelligent young man from\nthe country, remarked, \"A cheerful little bird the nightingale, Sir. It is\nbeautiful to hear them singing when one is walking alone on a dark night.\"\n\nUnsophisticated judgment of this sort, when met with unsought, seems to be\nof real value in a question depending for its decision so much upon the\nfaithful record of impressions.\n\nOXONIENSIS.\n\nWalthamstow.\n\nMR. CUTHBERT BEDE gives, in his list of epithets of the nightingale,\n\"solemn,\" as used by Milton, Otway, Graingle. How the last two employ the\nterm I do not know, perhaps they {113} copied from Milton; but he uses it,\nnot as an epithet exactly, but to express the frequency of the bird's\nappearance. \"Night, her _solemn_ bird,\" means the _customary_ attendant of\nthe night: _solemn_ being used in the classical sense, and derived front\n_soles_. So Virgil, \"Solemnes tum forte dapes et tristia dona ante urbem in\nluco,\" &c.\n\nThe word _solemn_ probably acquired its present signification from the\nstaid manner in which Englishmen go through their customary ceremonies.\n\"They took their pleasure _sadly_,\" as Froissart has it.\n\nSYDNEY GEDGE, B.A.\n\n_Mysterious Personage_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--There is no mystery about the\nlegitimate claimant of the British throne. He is the Duke of Modena,\nlineally descended from Henrietta of England, youngest daughter of Charles\nI.: she married Philip Duke of Orleans, son of Louis XIII. and Anne of\nAustria, and had two daughters; Louisa married to Charles II. of Spain (she\ndied without issue), and Anna Maria, married to Victor Amadeus, Duke of\nSavoy and King of Sardinia. Their son Charles Emanuel III. succeeded in\n1730, and was succeeded by his son Victor Amadeus III. He was succeeded by\nhis eldest son Charles Emanuel IV., who died without issue, and was\nsucceeded by his brother Victor Emanuel, who left twin daughters, the elder\nof whom, Mary Beatrice, married Francis Duke of Modena, while the crown of\nSardinia passed to her father's heirs male. The Duchess Mary Beatrice of\nModena has left two sons, the elder of whom (born June 14, 1819) is the\ndirect, undoubted heir of the House of Stuart.\n\nL. M. M. R.\n\n_Ken: \"The Crown of Glory\"_ (Vol. vii., p. 597.).--This work was properly\nrejected by Mr. Round in his edition of Bishop Ken's _Works_; and in the\npreface he gives the reasons for so doing. The absence of certain forms of\nexpression was the chief test relied on. The book is so excellent, and the\nprayers so warm and Ken-like, that its exclusion indicates much critical\nacumen on the part of Mr. Round. Subsequently to the publication of this\ncollection, it was ascertained that the prayers and other parts of _The\nCrown of Glory_ were taken from a book of Dean Brough, of Gloucester,\nentitled _Sacred Principles_, which was published, I believe (I am writing\nat a distance from my books), in 1661.\n\nW. D----N.\n\n_Pennycomequick, adjoining Plymouth_ (Vol. viii., p. 8.).--In days gone by,\nwhen the boundaries of the town were much more circumscribed than at the\npresent day, a well-known old female (a perfect character in her way) had\nlong fixed her abode in a curiously built hut-like cot in the locality in\nquestion; the rusticity of which, together with the obliging demeanour of\nits tenants, had gradually induced the good folk of Plymouth to make\nholiday bouts to this retired spot for the purpose of merry-making. As\nyears rolled on, the shrewd old dame became a general favourite with the\npleasure-seekers; the increasing frequency of these pic-nics suggesting to\nher an opportunity which might be turned to good account, viz. that of\nproviding her visitors with the cheap requisite, boiling water, for the\nbrewing their sober afternoon's beverage, at the low rate of a penny a\nhead. Still later in the evening of life, shrugging herself closely in her\nold scarlet cloak, which had served her well for better than half a\ncentury, she would, with much apparent gusto, recount to her pleased\nauditory how many a time and often she had made the \"penny come quick,\" by\nthe above-recited inexpensive vocation; until at length her saying became a\nby-word in the neighbourhood, and universal consent fixed on the ever-happy\noctogenarian's triplet as a fitting appellation for the then nameless and\nretired little nook, but now thickly studded grounds, of _Pennycomequick_.\n\nThat equally simple occurrences have frequently given rise to the names of\nplaces, is shown by other remarkable titles of localities not far distant\nfrom _Pennycomequick_, such as those of \"The Bold Venture,\" and of \"No\nPlace.\"\n\nHENRY H. HELE.\n\nAshburton.\n\nYour correspondent R. H. B. is informed that the name of this village is\nWelsh, viz. _Pen y cwn gwich_, and signifies a village at the head of a\nvalley.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n_Longevity_ (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 504. 607.).--May I be permitted a word\nwith your correspondent A. I., and at the same time assist MR. HUGHES in\nhis laudable attempt \"to convert him to the faith?\" To do this, it will not\nbe necessary for me to search either in annual or parish registers, or to\ndecipher half-defaced inscriptions on marble monuments or humble\nheadstones.\n\nA lady is now living, or was two months ago, in Williamsburg, State of\nSouth Carolina, by the name of Singleton, who is known to be in the _one\nhundred and thirty-first year of her age_:\n\n    \"Her mental faculties are still unimpaired, and she retains all her\n    senses except that of sight, of which she was deprived at the advanced\n    age of ninety-nine years by an attack of the measles. Her bodily energy\n    exhibits no diminution for many years, she being still able to walk\n    briskly about the room. She has outlived all her children: her oldest\n    descendant living being a granddaughter, over sixty years old. The\n    first granddaughter of this granddaughter, if now living, would be over\n    sixteen years of age.\"\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\n_Arms: Battle-axe_ (Vol. vii., p. 407.).--The undermentioned families bore\nthree battle-axes {114} simply, their coats of arms varying only in metal\nand colour:\n\n  Aynisworthe.\n  Bainbrige.\n  Batten.\n  Daueys.\n  Daverston.\n  Gyves.\n  Gibbes.\n  Hall.\n  Hakelett.\n  Lewston.\n\nStephen Hoby (the earliest ancestor of the Bisham family of whom any record\nis preserved), married ----, the daughter and heiress of ---- Bylmore,\nwhose arms were--Gu. three halberds (long-handled battle-axes) in pale ar.\nhandled or.: hence, no doubt, the three battle-axes in connexion with the\nHoby or Hobby name at Bisham Church. William Hoby, of Leominster, the tenth\nin descent from the above-mentioned Stephen, married Catherine, sole\ndaughter and heiress of John Forden _alias_ Fordayne, by Gwentwynar,\ndaughter and heiress of Sir Griffith Vahan _alias_ Vaughan, Knight\nBanneret; who was, as I am led to think, of Denbigh or its neighbourhood. I\nshall be happy to find I have thrown any light upon the Query of A. C.\n\nH. C. C.\n\n_Sir G. Browne, Bart._ (Vol. vii., p. 528.)--Your correspondent NEWBURY is\nin error in styling this George Browne a baronet, nor was he of West\nStafford or Wickham. He was the sole son and heir of Sir George Browne,\nKnight, of Wickhambreux, co. Kent, Caversham, co. Oxford, and Cowdray in\nMidhurst, co. Sussex; which last estate devolved on this family by the will\nof William Fitzwilliam, Earl of Southampton, the son of Lucy (daughter and\nco-heiress of John Nevill, Marquess of Montagu) by her first husband, Sir\nThomas Fitzwillam of Aldwark, co. York; which Lucy became the wife of Sir\nAnthony Browne, who was knighted at the battle of Stoke, June 6, 1487, and\nsucceeded as above-mentioned to the Cowdray estate.\n\nGeorge Browne, who married Elizabeth or Eleanor, the daughter of Sir\nRichard Blount, was of Wickhambreux, Caversham, and also of West Shefford\nin co. Berks; his name appears as thus in the Visitation of this county\nanno 1623. Of the nineteen children, he had three sons whose names are not\ngiven, and who died in the Royal cause during the civil wars: but as\nRichard, the third son, is expressly mentioned, he certainly was not one of\nthe three killed in the service of King Charles I. Sir George Browne,\nsecond, but eldest surviving son, was made a K.B. at the coronation of King\nCharles II.; and was celebrated by Pope in his \"Windsor Forest.\" He married\nElizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Englefield, the second baronet of\nWootton Bassett, co. Wilts, and died _s. p. m._ George, the eldest born,\ndied an infant. Henry, the fourth son, died unmarried March 19, 1668, and\nwas buried at West Shefford; and John, the fifth son, was of Caversham, and\ncreated a baronet May 19, 1665. He married the widow of ---- Bradley, and\nwas the ancestor of the baronets of Caversham, extinct in 1774. Three\ndaughters, whose names are not given, became nuns. Eleanor, another\ndaughter, died unmarried, Nov. 27, 1662, and was buried at West Shefford:\nand Elizabeth was the wife of John Yate of West Hanney, co. Berks; and who\ndied Jan. 26, 1671, before his wife.\n\nH. C. C.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nBOOKS AND VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nMEMOIRS OF THE ROSE, by Mr. John Holland. 1 Vol. 12mo. 1824.\n\nLITERARY GAZETTE, 1834 to 1845.\n\nATHENAEUM, commencement to 1835.\n\nA NARRATIVE OF THE HOLY LIFE AND HAPPY DEATH OF MR. JOHN ANGIER. London,\n1685.\n\nMOORE'S MELODIES. 15th Edition.\n\nWOOD'S ATHENAE OXONIENSES (ed. Bliss). 4 vols. 4to. 1813-20.\n\nTHE COMPLAYNTS OF SCOTLAND. 8vo. Edited by Leyden. 1804.\n\nSHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. Vol. V. of Johnson and Steevens's edition, in 15 vols.\n8vo. 1739.\n\n*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send\ntheir names._\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\n_In consequence of being compelled to go to press with the present Number\non Thursday, and of the number of_ REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES _waiting for\ninsertion, we have been compelled to omit our_ NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.\n\nT. M. B. _The oft-quoted lines_--\n\n \"So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourn, glides,\n  The Derby dilly, carrying THREE insides,\" &c.--\n\n_will be found in the_ Poetry of the Antijacobin, _at the close of the\nSecond Part of_ The Loves of the Triangles.\n\nJ. D. _Where is the sentence of which you ask an explanation to be found?\nSend the context, or farther particulars._\n\nC. E. F. _and_ T. D. (Leeds). _Your inquiry as to the best mode of\nconstructing a glass chamber for photographic purposes will be answered in\nour next._\n\nMR. JOHN COOK _has sent us a plan for taking cheaper pictures for\nstereoscopic purposes by means of a common camera, and the substitution for\nthe ordinary ground glass of a piece of plate glass and a piece of paper,\non which the outline of the figure is to be traced. When one sketch is thus\nmade, the camera is to be moved fifteen or sixteen inches to the right or\nleft, and a second drawing made in the same way. The plan is a very obvious\none; and though adapted for those who can draw and have an ordinary camera,\nit presents few advantages to photographers._\n\nH. H. H. (Ashburton). _Were we to recommend you to any particular maker for\nyour collodion tent, we should deviate from our rule of impartiality where\nseveral vendors are concerned, and we would therefore refer you to our\nadvertising columns._\n\nW. N. (Kingston). _We are sorry we cannot afford space for answering all\nyour Queries on the making of gun cotton. A portion made according to Dr.\nDiamond's formulary has been forwarded to your address; and if it is not_\nentirely _soluble, then the fault is in your ether._\n\n_A few complete sets of_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price\nThree Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is\ndesirable._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published an noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{115}\n\nINDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY,\nDU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.\n\nTHE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual\nremedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves\nfifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal,\nliver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia\n(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,\nflatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin,\nrheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea,\nand under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants,\nfits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.\n\n_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_\n\n    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de\n    Decies:--\"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta\n    Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to\n    authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES.\"\n\n    Cure, No. 49,832:--\"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,\n    nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness\n    at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent\n    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk.\"\n\n    Cure, No. 180:--\"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,\n    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and\n    which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured\n    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,\n    Tiverton.\"\n\n    Cure, No. 4,208:--\"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with\n    cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the\n    advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious\n    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any\n    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk.\"\n\n_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._\n\n    \"Bonn, July 19. 1852.\n\n    \"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,\n    nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases,\n    all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of\n    body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys\n    and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp\n    of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and\n    hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most\n    satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,\n    where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and\n    bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the\n    troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the\n    conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of\n    incipient hectic complaints and consumption.\n\n    \"DR. RUD WURZER.\n    \"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn.\"\n\nLondon Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her\nMajesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all\nrespectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably\npacked for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s.\n6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.\nand 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry\nCo., 77. Regent Street, London.\n\nIMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious\nimitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and\nothers, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name\nBARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which\nnone is genuine_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions\n(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at\nBLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of\nevery Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in\nall its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\n*** Catalogues may be had on application.\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\nMakers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--THE COLLODION PROCESS, with the latest improvements;\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, Stereoscopic, and Microscopic Pictures: being a\nmost complete Guide to the successful Production of good Pictures by this\ninteresting Art. Price 1s. in wrapper, and 1s. 6d. cloth, gilt; free by\nPost for 18d.\n\nLondon: CLARK, 17. Warwick Lane. SHEW, 32. Rathbone Place. BAKER, 244.\nHolborn.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nLA LUMIERE; French Photographic Journal. The only Journal which gives\nweekly all the principal Photographic News of England and the Continent;\nwith Original Articles and Communications on the different Processes and\nDiscoveries, Reports of the French Academy of Sciences, Articles on Art,\nReviews, &c.\n\nPublished every SATURDAY at PARIS, 9. Rue de la Perle.\n\nTerms, 16s. per annum in advance. All English Subscriptions and\nCommunications to be addressed to the English Editor, 6. Henman Terrace,\nCamden Town, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nHEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It\ncontains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads;\nalso of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new\nwarerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture\nChintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment\ncomplete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.\n\nHEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.\n  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,\n      Esq.\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       L   s.  d. | Age       L   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8\n   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6\n   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nESTABLISHED 1841.\n\nMEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL LIFE OFFICE,\n\n25. PALL MALL.\n\nDuring the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than _Four Thousand\nOne Hundred and Fifty Policies_--\n\nCovering Assurances to the extent of _One Million Six Hundred and\nEighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards_--\n\nYielding Annual Premiums amounting to _Seventy-three Thousand Pounds_.\n\nThis Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of\nDiseased Lives.\n\nHealthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most other\nOffices.\n\nA Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies at\nlast Division of Profits.\n\nNext Division in 1853--in which all Policies effected before 30th June,\n1853, will participate.\n\nAgents wanted for vacant places.\n\nProspectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be\nobtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any of\nthe Society's Agents in the country.\n\n  F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.\n  C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,\nSanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.\nIodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.\n\nSold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.\nPaternoster Row, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{116}\n\nJ. R. SMITH'S\n\nNEW PUBLICATIONS\n\nBRITANNIC RESEARCHES; or, New Facts and Rectifications of Ancient British\nHistory. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. Just published, 8vo. (pp. 488.),\nwith engravings, cloth, 15s.\n\nA FEW NOTES ON SHAKSPEARE, with Occasional Remarks on Mr. Collier's Folio\nof 1632. By the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo. cloth, 5s.\n\nWILTSHIRE TALES, illustrative of the Manners, Customs, and Dialect of that\nand adjoining Counties. By J. Y. AKERMAN, ESQ. 12mo. cloth, 2s. 6d.\n\nFACTS AND SPECULATIONS on the Origin and History of Playing Cards. By W. A.\nCHATTO, Author of \"Jackson's History of Wood Engraving.\" In one handsome\nvolume, 8vo., illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and coloured,\ncloth, 1_l_. 1s.\n\nBOSWORTH'S (Rev. Dr.) Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary. 8vo.,\nclosely printed in treble columns, cloth, 2s.\n\nLOWER'S (M.A.) ESSAYS on English Surnames. 2 vols. post 8vo. Third Edition,\ngreatly enlarged, cloth, 12s.\n\nLOWER'S CURIOSITIES of HERALDRY, with Illustrations from Old English\nWriters. 8vo., numerous Engravings, cloth, 14s.\n\nWRIGHT'S (THOS.) ESSAYS on the Literature, Popular Superstitions, and\nHistory of England in the Middle Ages. 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth 16s.\n\nGUIDE TO ARCHAEOLOGY. An Archaeological Index to Remains of Antiquity of\nthe Celtic, Romano British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,\nFellow and Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo.,\nillustrated with numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of 500 objects,\ncloth, 15s.\n\nA NEW LIFE OF SHAKSPEARE; including many Particulars respecting the Poet\nand his Family, never before published. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S.,\nF.S.A., &c. 8vo., 76 Engravings by Fairholt, cloth, 15s.\n\nJOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 35. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR AUGUST.\n\nFOSTER'S LECTURES, delivered at Broadmead Chapel, Bristol, 3rd Edition,\nedited, with Additions, by J. E. RYLAND, Esq. 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth, 3s.\n6d. per volume.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR AUGUST.\n\nTHE COMEDIES OF ARISTOPHANES, literally translated into English Prose, with\nCopious Notes, by W. J. HICKIE. In 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth. Vol. I. with\nFrontispiece. Price 5s.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR AUGUST.\n\nMATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER'S FLOWERS OF HISTORY, especially such as relate to\nthe affairs of Britain, from the beginning of the world to A.D. 1307.\nTranslated by C. D. YONGE, B.A. In 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth. Vol. II. Price\n5s.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nGILBERT J. FRENCH,\n\nBOLTON, LANCASHIRE.\n\nRespectfully informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he\nreplies immediately to all applications by letter, for information\nrespecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN,\n&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches,\nEstimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c.\n\nHaving declined appointed Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications\nby Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS\ndelivered Free by Railway.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis day is published in 8vo., with Fac-simile from an early MS. at Dulwich\nCollege, price 1s.\n\nCURIOSITIES OF MODERN SHAKSPEARIAN CRITICISM. By J. O. HALLIWELL, ESQ.,\nF.R.S.\n\nJOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThe Twenty-eighth Edition.\n\nNEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on\nthe influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means\nof Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by\nDR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from\nthe Author for Five Penny Stamps.\n\n    \"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neutronics,' by Dr. Napier, to the\n    careful perusal of our invalid readers.\"--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5,\n    1852._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of\nthe Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his\npractice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection\nof Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve\nthe sight to extreme old age.\n\nACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the\nAcademy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so\nconstructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface\nof the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a\ntelescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than\ncould be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on\napplication to\n\nWM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.\n\n(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY,)\n\nOf Saturday, July 23, contains Articles on\n\n  Agricultural Society's show at Gloucester\n  Agricultural College examination papers\n  Atmospheric agents, influence of, by Mr. Rigby\n  Attraction, capillary\n  Books reviewed\n  Bottles, to cut, by Mr. Prideaux\n  Broccoli, winter\n  Calendar, horticultural\n  ---- agricultural\n  Cattle breeding\n  Diclytra v. Dielytra\n  Drainage and capillary attraction\n  Ellipse\n  Fir leaves, uses of dried, by Mr. Mackenzie\n  Forests, royal\n  Frog, reproduction of, by Mr. Lowe\n  Fruit preserving\n  Fungi, eatable\n  Gloucestershire, trip through\n  Grove Gardens, noticed\n  Guano, Peruvian\n  Heating, galvanised iron for, by Mr. Ayres\n  Holt forest\n  Honey\n  Implements, agricultural, at Gloucester\n  Iron, galvanised\n  Manure, peat mould as\n  Mechi's (Mr.), gathering\n  Mildew, grape\n  Mulberries, to propagate, by Mr. Brown\n  Mushrooms, bad\n  Peat mould\n  Plant-houses, to fumigate, Mr. Whalley\n  Potato disease\n  Potentillas\n  Poultry at Gloucester\n  Preserving fruit\n  Roses, Bedding\n  Sheep, breeds of\n  ---- handbook on\n  Skimmia Japonica, by Messrs. Standish and Noble\n  Societies, proceedings of the Entomological, Caledonian and Cheltenham,\n      Horticultural, National Floricultural, Belfast Flax\n  Spermatozoids\n  Stock breeding\n  Strawberry, Nimrod\n  Stylidium fasciculatum\n  Tanks, galvanised, by Mr. Ayres\n  Toad, reproduction of, by Mr. Lowe\n  Vine, culture of\n  ---- to propagate, by Mr. Brown\n  ---- mildew\n  Wheat, culture of, by Mr. Rigby\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to\nthe above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices,\nwith returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed\nMarkets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the\ntransaction of the week._\n\nORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington\nStreet, Covent Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, 2s. 6d. cloth,\n\nTHE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being sketches of Clerical Life in a\nManufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., vicar of\nEcclesfield.\n\n    \"We sincerely thank Mr. Gatty for his interesting Sketches.\"--_English\n    Churchman._\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\nEdinburgh: R. GRANT & SON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFor August, Now Ready,\n\nW. S. LINCOLN'S Ninety-Fifth Catalogue of Cheap Second-Hand English and\nForeign Books. A copy will be sent GRATIS and POSTAGE-FREE to any Gentleman\nin Town or Country, who forwards his Address to Cheltenham House,\nWestminster Road, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nEVERY MAN HIS OWN ENGRAVER: or, a New, Cheap, and Simple Process, by which\nto produce from a Substitute, and multiply to any extent, either Portraits,\nNames on Cards, Drawings, Maps, &c., the Proofs of which will be equal to\nCopper-plate Engravings.\n\nThis invaluable and profitable Art will be taught to Ladies and Gentlemen,\nby printed instructions, with ease and certainty, IN ONE LESSON, upon\nreceipt of Fourteen Postage Stamps, addressed to MR. A. B. CLEVELAND, 15.\nWestern Cottages, Brighton.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish\nof St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.\nBride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.\nFleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of\nLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 30,\n1853.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 196, July 30, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":22029}