{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_30133/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_30133","id":"gutenberg_30133","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30133","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - Other","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"{613} NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 217.]\nSATURDAY, DECEMBER 24. 1853.\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                    Page\n\n  Folk Lore in the Reign of King James I.                      613\n\n  The Ballad of Sir Hugh, &c.                                  614\n\n  Pennsylvanian Folk Lore: Christmas                           615\n\n  County Rhymes                                                615\n\n  Legends of the County Clare: Fuenvicouil (Fingal)\n  and the Giant, by Frances Robert Davies                      616\n\n  FOLK LORE MISCELLANIES:--Yorkshire Tradition--Custom on St.\n  Thomas's Day--Custom on Innocents' Day--Marriage Custom at\n  Knutsford, Cheshire--Folk Lore in Hampshire--Propitiating\n  the Fairies--Cornish Folk Lore--King Arthur in the Form of\n  a Raven--St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire--New\n  Year's Eve and New Year's Day                                617\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--Carlist Calembourg--Jewish Custom--Lachlan\n  Macleane--German Tree--The late Duke                         618\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  The Story of Crispin and Crispianus, by J. Davies Devlin     619\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Barrels Regiment--Okey the Regicide--Lady\n  Mason's Third Husband--Creation of Knights--Martyn the\n  Regicide--History of the Nonjurors--Florin and the Royal\n  Arms--A Mistletoe Query                                      620\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Sewell Family--Greek\n  Epigram--Translations from \u00c6schylus--Prince Memnon's\n  Sister--\"Oh! for a blast,\" &c.--Robin Hood's\n  Festival--Church in Suffolk                                  621\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Children called Imps                                         623\n\n  The Divining Rod                                             623\n\n  Change of Meaning in Proverbial Expressions, &c.             624\n\n  Sneezing, by Francis John Scott, &c.                         624\n\n  Books burned by the common Hangman, by W.\n  Fraser, &c.                                                  625\n\n  Jews in China, by T.J. Buckton                               626\n\n  Poetical Tavern Signs                                        626\n\n  The Curfew, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A.                           628\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Photographic Engraving--Collodion\n  Negatives                                                    628\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--\"London Labour and the London\n  Poor\"--Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric--Sir Arthur\n  Aston--Grammar in relation to Logic--Descendants of\n  Milton--Pronunciation of Bible Names--Henry I.'s\n  Tomb--Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed--Return of Gentry, temp.\n  Henry VI.--Peter Allan--Burial in an erect Posture--The\n  Word \"Mob\"--Gen. Sir C. Napier--To Come--Passage in\n  Sophocles--Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century--Judges\n  styled Reverend--Veneration for the Oak--Rapping no Novelty  629\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 632\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    632\n\n  Advertisements                                               633\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nFOLK LORE IN THE REIGN OF KING JAMES I.\n\nIn turning over the pages of an old book of controversial divinity, I\nstumbled upon the following illustrations of folk lore; which, as well from\ntheir antiquity as from their intrinsic curiosity, seem worthy of a place\nin your columns. They make us acquainted with some of the usages of our\nancestors, who lived in the remoter districts of England early in the reign\nof James I. The title of the volume in which they occur is the following:\n\n    \"The Way to the True Church; wherein the principall Motives persuading\n    to Romanisme, and Questions touching the Nature and Authoritie of the\n    Church and Scriptures, are familiarly disputed ... directed to all that\n    seeks for Resolution; and especially to all his loving Countrymen of\n    Lancashire, by John White, Minister of God's Word at Eccles. Folio.\n    London, 1624.\"\n\nThis, however, is described as being \"the fifth impression;\" the Preface is\ndated Oct. 29, 1608; so that we arrive at the conclusion that the usages\nand rhymes, to which I now desire to invite the attention of your readers,\nwere current in the north-west districts of England more than two hundred\nand fifty years since.\n\nWhite is insisting upon \"the prodigious ignorance\" which he found among his\nparishioners when he entered upon his ministrations, and he proceeds thus\nto tell his own tale:\n\n    \"I will only mention what I saw and learned, dwelling among them,\n    concerning the saying of their prayers; for what man is he whose heart\n    trembles not to see simple people so far seduced that they know not how\n    to pronounce or say their daily prayers; or so to pray that all that\n    hear them shall be filled with laughter? And while, superstitiously,\n    they refuse to pray in their own language with understanding, they\n    speak that which their leaders may blush to hear. These examples I have\n    observed from the common people.\"\n\n    THE CREED.\n\n    \"Creezum zuum patrum onitentem creatorum ejus anicum, Dominum nostrum\n    qui sum sops, virgini Mari\u00e6, crixus fixus, Ponchi Pilati audubitiers,\n    morti {614} by sonday, father a fernes, scelerest un judicarum, finis a\n    mortibus. Creezum spirituum sanctum, ecli Catholi, remissurum,\n    peccaturum, communiorum obliviorum, bitam et turnam again.\"\n\n              THE LITTLE CREED.\n     \"Little Creed, can I need,\n      Kneele before our Ladies knee;\n      Candle light, candles burne,\n      Our Ladie pray'd to her deare Sonne,\n      That we might all to heaven come.\n          Little Creed, Amen.\"\n\n    \"This that followeth they call the 'White Pater-noster:'\n\n     \"White Pater-noster, Saint Peter's brother,\n      What hast i' th' t'one hand? white booke leaves.\n      What hast i' th' t'other hand? heaven yate keyes.\n      Open heaven yates, and steike [shut] hell yates:\n      And let every crysome child creepe to its owne mother.\n          White Pater-noster, Amen.\"\n\n    \"Another Prayer:\n\n     \"I blesse me with God and the rood,\n      With his sweet flesh and precious blood;\n      With his crosse and his creed,\n      With his length and his breed,\n      From my toe to my crowne,\n      And all my body up and downe,\n      From my back to my brest,\n      My five wits be my rest;\n      God let never ill come at ill,\n      But through Jesus owne will,\n      Sweet Jesus, Lord. Amen.\"\n\n    \"Many also use to weare vervein against blasts; and when they gather it\n    for this purpose, firste they crosse the herbe with their hand, and\n    then they blesse it thus:\n\n     \"Hallowed be thou, Vervein,\n      As thou growest on the ground,\n      For in the Mount of Calvary,\n      There thou wast first found.\n      Thou healedst our Saviour Jesus Christ,\n      And staunchedst his bleeding wound;\n      In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost,\n      I take thee from the ground.\"\n\nThese passages may be seen in the \"Preface to the Reader,\" \u00a7 13., no page,\nbut on the reverse of Sig. A 4.\n\nIt might at first appear somewhat strange that these interesting remnants\nof early belief should have escaped the notice of your numerous\ncorrespondents, whose attention has for so long a period been directed to\nthis inquiry: but this may be accounted for if we remember that the volume\nin which they occur is one which would seem, _prim\u00e2 facie_, least likely to\nafford any such materials. It is one of those uninviting bulky folios of\nwhich the reigns of James and Charles I. furnish us with so many specimens.\nHere we might fairly expect to discover abundant illustrations of patristic\nand scholastic theology, of learning and pedantry, of earnest devotion, and\nill-temper no less earnest; but nothing whereby to illustrate the manners\nor customs, the traditions, or the popular usages or superstitions, of the\ncommon people. This may be a hint for us, however, to direct our attention\nto a class of literature which hitherto has scarcely received the attention\nto which it would appear to be entitled; and I would venture to express my\nconviction, that if those who are interested in the illustration of our\npopular antiquities were to give a little of their time to early English\ntheology, the result would be more important than might at first be\nanticipated.\n\nL. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE BALLAD OF SIR HUGH, ETC.\n\nThe fact mentioned by your correspondent C. CLIFTON BARRY, at p. 357., as\nto the affinity of Midland songs and ballads to those of Scotland, I have\noften observed, and among the striking instances of it which could be\nadduced, the following may be named, as well known in Northamptonshire:\n\n \"It rains, it rains, in merry Scotland;\n  It rains both great and small;\n  And all the schoolfellows in merry Scotland\n  Must needs go and play at ball.\n\n \"They tossed the ball so high, so high,\n  And yet it came down so low;\n  They tossed it over the old Jew's gates,\n  And broke the old Jew's window.\n\n \"The old Jew's daughter she came out;\n  Was clothed all in green;\n 'Come hither, come hither, thou young Sir Hugh,\n  And fetch your ball again.'\n\n \"'I dare not come, I dare not come,\n  Unless my schoolfellows come all;\n  And I shall be flogged when I get home,\n  For losing of my ball.'\n\n \"She 'ticed him with an apple so red,\n  And likewise with a fig:\n  She laid him on the dresser board,\n  And stick\u00e9d him like a pig.\n\n \"The thickest of blood did first come out,\n  The second came out so thin;\n  The third that came was his dear heart's blood,\n  Where all his life lay in.\"\n\nI write this from memory: it is but a fragment of the whole, which I think\nis printed, with variations, in Percy's _Reliques_. It is also worthy of\nremark, that there is a resemblance also between the words which occur as\nprovincialisms in the same district, and some of those which are used in\nScotland; e.g. _whemble_ or _whommel_ (sometimes not aspirated, and\npronounced _wemble_), to turn upside down, as a dish. This word is Scotch,\nalthough they do not pronounce the b any more than in _Campbell_, which\nsounds very much like _Camel_.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{615}\n\nPENNSYLVANIAN FOLK LORE: CHRISTMAS.\n\nThis anniversary holds the same rank in the middle, southern, and western\nstates as Thanksgiving Day in the eastern states or New England, where,\nowing to the Puritan origin of the bulk of the inhabitants, Christmas is\nnot much celebrated. In Pennsylvania many of the usages connected with it\nare of German origin, and derived from the early settlers of the Teutonic\nrace, whose descendants are now a very numerous portion of the population.\nThe Christmas Tree is thus devised: It is planted in a flower-pot filled\nwith earth, and its branches are covered with presents, chiefly of\nconfectionary, for the younger members of the family.\n\nWhen bed-time arrives on Christmas Eve, the children hang up their\nstockings at the foot of their beds, to receive presents brought them by a\nfabulous personage called _Krishkinkle_, who is believed to descend the\nchimney with them for all the children who have been good during the\nprevious year. The word _Krishkinkle_ is a corruption of _Christ-kindlein_,\nliterally _Christ-infant_, and is understood to be derived from the fact\nthat a representation of the Infant Saviour in the manger formed part of\nthe decorations prepared for the children at Christmas.\n\nIf the children have not been good during the year previous, instead of\nfinding sugar-plums and other presents in their stockings on Christmas\nmorning, they discover therein a birch-rod. This is said to have been\nplaced there by _Pelsnichol_, or Nicholas with the fur, alluding to the\ndress of skins in which he is said to be clad. Some make _Pelsnichol_\nidentical with _Krishkinkle_, but the more general opinion is that they are\ntwo personages, one the rewarder of the good, the other the punisher of the\nbad.\n\nThe functions ascribed to Krishkinkle in Pennsylvania are attributed to\nSaint Nicholas, or Santa Claus in the State of New York, first settled by\nthe Hollanders. The following poem, written by Clement C. Moore, LL.D., of\nNew York, describes the performances of St. Nicholas on Christmas Eve, and\nis equally applicable to our Krishkinkle:\n\n             \"_A Visit from St. Nicholas._\n 'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house\n  Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;\n  The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,\n  In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there.\n  The children were nestled all snug in their beds,\n  While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads;\n  And mamma in her kerchief and I in my cap\n  Had just settled our brains for a long winter's nap,\n  When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,\n  I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter.\n  Away to the window I flew like a flash,\n  Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash;\n  The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow\n  Gave the lustre of day to the objects below;\n  When what to my wondering eyes should appear\n  But a miniature sleigh and eight tiny reindeer,\n  With a little old driver so lively and quick,\n  I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.\n  More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,\n  And he whistled and shouted and call'd them by name,\n 'Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer! now,     Vixen!\n  On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Dunder and Blixen!\n  To the top of the stoop[1], to the top of the wall!\n  Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!'\n  As dry leaves before the wild hurricane fly,\n  When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky,\n  So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,\n  With the sleigh full of toys and St. Nicholas too;\n  And then in a twinkling I heard on the roof\n  The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.\n  As I drew in my head and was turning around,\n  Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound.\n  He was dress'd all in fur from his head to his foot,\n  And his clothes were all tarnish'd with ashes and soot.\n  A bundle of toys he had flung on his back;\n  And he look'd like a pedlar just opening his pack.\n  His eyes, how they twinkled! his dimples, how merry!\n  His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry;\n  His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,\n  And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow;\n  The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,\n  And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath.\n  He had a broad face and a little round belly,\n  That shook, when he laugh'd, like a bowl full of jelly.\n  He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,\n  And I laugh'd when I saw him, in spite of myself.\n  A wink of his eye and a twist of his head\n  Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread.\n  He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,\n  And fill'd all the stockings, then turn'd with a jerk;\n  And laying his finger aside of his nose,\n  And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose.\n  He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,\n  And away they all flew like the down of a thistle:\n  But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight,\n 'Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night.'\"\n\nUNEDA.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n[Footnote 1: Stoop means, in the language of the New Yorkers, a portico.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOUNTY RHYMES.\n\n                  KENT.\n\n \"He that will not live long,\n  Let him dwell at Murston, Tenham, or Tong.\"\n\n   \"Dover, Sandwich, and Winchelsea,\n    Rumney and Rye, the five ports be.\"\n\n              CHESHIRE.\n\n   \"Chester of Castria took the name,\n    As if that Castria were the same.\"\n\n  {616}\n          LINCOLNSHIRE--_Stamford_.\n\n \"Doctrin\u00e6 studium, quod nunc viget ad vada Boum,\n  Tempore venturo celebrabitur ad vada Saxi.\"\n\n   \"Science that now o'er Oxford sheds her ray,\n    Shall bless fair Stamford at some future day.\"\n\n      WILTSHIRE--_Salisbury Cathedral_.\n\n \"As many days as in one year there be,\n  So many windows in this church you see.\n  As many marble pillars here appear,\n  As there are hours through the fleeting year.\n  As many gates as moons one here does view\n  Strange tale to tell, yet not more strange than true.\"\n\n          _Chippenham_--On a Stone.\n\n     \"Hither extendeth Maud Heath's gift,\n      For where I stand is Chippenham clift.\"\n\n      SURREY--_Market House, Farnham_.\n\n \"You who do like me, give money to end me,\n  You who dislike me, give as much to mend me.\"\n\n              _Woking_--_Sutton_.\n\n       \"Beastly 'Oking--pretty Sutton,\n        Filthy foxglove--bach'lors button.\"\n\n \"'Oking was--Guildford is--Godalming shall be.\"\n\n              SOMERSETSHIRE.\n\n \"Stanton Drew,\n  A mile from Pensford--another from Chew.\"\n\n              PEMBROKESHIRE.\n\n       \"Once to Rome thy steps incline,\n        But visit twice St. David's shrine.\"\n\n       \"When Percelty weareth a hat,\n        All Pembrokeshire shall weet of that.\"\n\nJ. EBFF.\n\nBolt Court.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLEGENDS OF THE CO. CLARE: FUENVICOUIL (FINGAL) AND THE GIANT.\n\nOnce upon a time, a Scottish giant who had heard of Fuenvicouil's fame,\ndetermined to come and see which of them was the stronger. Now Fuenvicouil\nwas informed by his thumb of the giant's intentions, and also that on the\npresent occasion matters would not turn out much to his advantage if they\nfought: so as he did not feel the least bit \"blue-mowlded for the want of a\nbatin',\" like Neal Malone, he was at a loss what to do. Oonagh, his wife,\nsaw his distress, and soon contrived to find out the cause of it; and\nhaving done so, she assured him that if he would leave things to her\nmanagement, and strictly obey her directions, she would make the giant\nreturn home faster than he came. Fuenvicouil promised obedience; and, as no\ntime was to be lost, Oonagh commenced her preparations. She first baked two\nor three large cakes of bread, taking care to put the griddle (the iron\nplate used in Ireland and Scotland for baking bread on) into the largest.\nShe then put several gallons of milk down to boil, and made whey of it; and\ncarefully collected the curd into a mass, which she laid aside. She then\nproceeded to dress up Fuenvicouil as a baby; and having put a cap on his\nhead, tucked him up in the cradle, charging him on no account to speak, but\nto carefully obey any signs she might make to him. The preparations were\nonly just completed, when the giant arrived, and, striding into the house,\ndemanded to see Fuenvicouil. Oonagh received him politely; said she could\nnot tell _any more than the child in the cradle_, where her husband then\nwas; but requested the giant to sit down and rest, till Fuenvicouil came\nin. She then placed bread and whey before him till some better refreshments\ncould be got ready, taking care to give him the cake with the griddle in\nit, and serving the whey in a vessel that held two or three gallons. The\ngiant was a little surprised at the _quantity_ of the lunch set before him,\nand proceeded to break a piece off the cake but in vain; he then tried to\nbite it, with as little success: and as to swallowing the ocean of whey set\nbefore him, it was out of the question; so he said he was not hungry, and\nwould wait. He then asked Oonagh what was the favourite feat of strength\nher husband prided himself upon. She could not indeed particularise any\none, but said that sometimes Fuenvicouil amused himself with squeezing\nwater out of that stone there, pointing to a rock lying near the door. The\ngiant immediately took it up; and squeezed it till the blood started from\nhis fingers, but made no impression on the rock. Oonagh laughed at his\ndiscomfiture, and said a child could do that, handing at the same time the\nlump of curds to \"the baby.\" Fuenvicouil, who had been attentively\nlistening to all that was going on, gave the curd a squeeze, and some drops\nof whey fell from it. Oonagh, in apparently great delight, kissed and\nhugged her \"dear baby;\" and breaking a bit off one of the cakes she had\nprepared, began to coax the \"child\" to eat a little bit and get strong. The\ngiant amazed, asked, could that child eat such hard bread? And Oonagh\npersuaded him to put his finger into the child's mouth, \"just to feel his\nteeth;\" and as soon as Fuenvicouil got the giant's finger in his mouth, he\nbit it off. This was more than the giant could stand; and seeing that a\nchild in the cradle was so strong, he was convinced that the sooner he\ndecamped before Fuenvicouil's return the better; so he hastened from the\nhouse, while Oonagh in vain pressed him to remain; and never stopped till\nhe returned to his own place, very happy at having escaped a meeting with\nFuenvicouil.\n\nFRANCES ROBERT DAVIES.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{617}\n\nFOLK LORE MISCELLANIES.\n\n_Yorkshire Tradition._--The following tradition of Osmotherly, in\nYorkshire, was related to me as being current in that county. Can you\ninform me if it is authentic?\n\nSome years ago there lived in a secluded part of Yorkshire a lady who had\nan only son named Os or Oscar. Strolling one day with her child they met a\nparty of gipsies, who were anxious to tell her the child's fortune. After\nbeing much importuned she assented to their request. To the mother's\nastonishment and grief they prognosticated that the child would be drowned.\nIn order to avert so dreadful a calamity, the infatuated mother purchased\nsome land and built a house on the summit of a high hill, where she lived\nwith her son a long time in peace and seclusion. Happening one fine\nsummer's day in the course of a perambulation to have fatigued themselves,\nthey sat down on the grass to rest and soon fell asleep. While enjoying\nthis repose, a spring rose up from the ground, which caused such an\ninundation as to overwhelm them, and side by side they found a watery\ngrave. After this had occurred, the people residing in the neighbourhood\nnamed it Os-by-his-mother-lay, which has since been corrupted into\nOsmotherly.\n\nR. W. CARTER.\n\n_Custom on St. Thomas's Day_ (_Dec. 21_).--At Harvington, in\nWorcestershire, it is the custom on St. Thomas's Day for persons (chiefly\nchildren) to go round the village begging for apples, and singing the\nfollowing rhymes:\n\n \"Wissal, wassail through the town,\n  If you've got any apples, throw them down.\n  Up with the stocking, and down with the shoe,\n  If you've got no apples, money will do.\n  The jug is white, and the ale is brown,\n  This is the best house in the town.\"\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n_Custom on Innocents' Day_ (_Dec. 28_).--At Norton (near Evesham) it is the\ncustom on Dec. 28 to ring, first a muffled peal for the slaughter of the\nHoly Innocents, and then an unmuffled peal of joy for the deliverance of\nthe Infant Christ.\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n_Marriage Custom at Knutsford, Cheshire._--A singular but pleasing custom\nexists among the inhabitants of Knutsford in Cheshire. On the occasion of a\nwedding, when the bride has set out for the church, a relative invariably\nspreads on the pavement, which is composed of pebbles, before her house, a\nquantity of silver sand, there called \"greet,\" in the form of wreaths of\nflowers, and writes, with the same material, wishes for her happiness.\nThis, of course, is soon discovered by others, and immediately, especially\nif the bride or bridegroom are favorites, appear before most of the houses\nnumerous flowers in sand. It is said that this custom arose from the only\nchurch they had being without bells, and therefore, to give notice of a\nwedding, they adopted it; and though now there are other churches and a\npeal of bells, they still adhere to the above method of communicating\nintelligence of such happy events. Why sand should be used I have not been\nable to learn, and I should be much obliged for any information on the\npoint, there being no sandpits in the locality of Knutsford, or such like\nreason for its use.\n\nOne circumstance I may mention connected with weddings there. On the return\nof the party from church, it is usual to throw money to the boys, who, of\ncourse, follow, and if this is omitted, the latter keep up a cry of \"a\nbuttermilk wedding.\"\n\nRUSSELL GOLE.\n\n_Folk Lore in Hampshire._--In Hampshire the country people believe that a\nhealing power exists in the alms collected at the administration of the\nsacrament, and many of them use the money as a charm to cure the diseases\nof the body. A short time ago a woman came to a clergyman, and brought with\nher half-a-crown, asking at the same time for five \"sacrament sixpences\" in\nexchange. She said that one of her relations was ill, and that she wished\nto use the money as a charm to drive away the disease. This superstition\nmay have arisen from the once prevalent custom of distributing the alms in\nthe church to those of the poor who were present at the sacrament.\n\nI have heard that the negroes in Jamaica attach the same \"gifts of healing\"\nto the consecrated bread, and often, if they can escape notice, will carry\nit away with them. As no account of this superstition seems to be recorded\nin \"N. & Q.,\" perhaps you would like to \"make a note of it.\"\n\nF. M. MIDDLETON.\n\n_Propitiating the Fairies._--Having some years since, on a Sunday\nafternoon, had occasion to ride on horseback between two towns in the\neastern part of Cornwall, I met a christening party, also on horseback,\nheaded by the nurse with a baby in her arms. Making a halt as I approached\nher, she stopped me, and producing a _cake_, presented it to me, and\ninsisted on my taking it. Several years after, when in the Isle of Man, I\nhad the opportunity of hearing an elderly person relate several pieces of\nfolk lore respecting the witches and fairies in that island. It had been\ncustomary, within his recollection, for a woman, when carrying a child to\nbe christened, to take with her _a piece of bread and cheese_, to give to\nthe first person she met, for the purpose of _saving the child from\nwitchcraft or the fairies_. Another custom was that of the \"Queeltah,\" or\nsalt put under the churn _to keep off bad people_. Stale water was thrown\non the plough \"to keep it from the _little {618} folks_.\" A cross was tied\nin the tail of a cow \"to keep her from _bad bodies_.\" On May morning it was\ndeemed of the greatest importance to avoid going to a neighbour's house for\nfire; a turf was therefore kept burning all night at home. Flowers growing\nin a hedge, especially green or yellow ones, were good to keep off the\nfairies. And finally, the last cake was left \"behind the turf-flag for the\nlittle people.\"\n\nJ. W. THOMAS.\n\nDewsbury.\n\n_Cornish Folk Lore: King Arthur in the Form of a Raven._--In Jarvis's\ntranslation of _Don Quixote_, book II. chap. v., the following passage\noccurs:\n\n    \"'Have you not read, sir,' answered Don Quixote, 'the annals and\n    histories of England, wherein are recorded the famous exploits of King\n    Arthur, whom in our Castilian tongue we always call King Artus; of whom\n    there goes an old tradition, and a common one all over that kingdom of\n    Great Britain, that this king did not die, but that by magic art he was\n    turned into a raven; and that, in process of time, he shall reign\n    again, and recover his kingdom and sceptre; for which reason it cannot\n    be proved, that, from that time to this, any Englishman has killed a\n    raven?'\"\n\nMy reason for transcribing this passage is to record the curious fact that\nthe legend of King Arthur's existence in the form of a raven was still\nrepeated as a piece of folk lore in Cornwall about sixty years ago. My\nfather, who died about two years since at the age of eighty, spent a few\nyears of his youth in the neighbourhood of Penzance. One day, as he was\nwalking along Marazion Green with his fowling-piece on his shoulder, he saw\na raven at a distance and fired at it. An old man who was near immediately\nrebuked him, telling him that he ought on no account to have shot at a\nraven, for that King Arthur was still alive in the form of that bird. My\nfather was much interested when I drew his attention to the passage which I\nhave quoted above. Perhaps some of your Cornish or Welsh correspondents may\nbe able to say whether the legend is still known among the people of\nCornwall or Wales.\n\nEDGAR MACCULLOCH.\n\nGuernsey.\n\n_St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire._--On the feast of St.\nClement's (Nov. 23) the children go round to the various houses in the\nvillages to which they belong singing the following doggerel:\n\n \"Clemany! Clemany! Clemany mine!\n  A good red apple and a pint of wine,\n  Some of your mutton and some of your veal,\n  If it is good, pray give me a deal;\n  If it is not, pray give some salt.\n  Butler, butler, fill your bowl;\n  If thou fillst it of the best,\n  The Lord'll send your soul to rest;\n  If thou fillst it of the small,\n  Down goes butler, bowl and all.\n  Pray, good mistress, send to me\n  One for Peter, one for Paul,\n  One for Him who made us all,\n  Apple, pear, plum, or cherry,\n  Any good thing to make us merry;\n  A bouncing buck and a velvet chair,\n  Clement comes but once a year;\n  Off with the pot and on with the pan,\n  A good red apple and I'll begone.\"\n\nHow the above came to be conglomerated I know not, as there seem to be at\nleast three separate compositions pressed into St. Clement's service.\n\nI shall be glad to know if any of your contributors can furnish farther\nillustrations of St. Clement's apple feast. I believe, in Worcestershire,\nSt. Catherine and St. Clement unite in becoming the patrons on these\noccasions.\n\nG. E. T. S. R. N.\n\n_New Year's Eve and New Year's Day._--Another German custom prevalent in\nPhiladelphia is the custom of celebrating the departure of the old year and\nthe arrival of the new by discharges of fire-arms. As soon as the sun sets\nthe firing commences, and it is kept up all night with every description of\nmusket, fowling-piece, and pistol. It is called \"firing out the old year\"\nand \"firing in the new year.\"\n\nUNEDA.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Carlist Calembourg._--The original of the French _jeu d'esprit_ in Vol.\nviii., p. 242., was a Carlist calembourg circulated in the _salons_ about\nthe middle of 1831:\n\n \"La nation n'aime pas Louis-Philippe mais en rit (Henri).\"\n\nThere was another also very popular:\n\n \"In travelling to Bordeaux you must go to Orleans.\"\n\nV. T. STERNBERG.\n\n_Jewish Custom._--In a recently published music-novel of some merit, called\n_Charles Auchester_, occurs the following:\n\n    \"'I shall treat him as my son, because he will indeed be my\n    music-child, and no more indebted to me than I am to music, or than we\n    all are to Jehovah.' _'Sir, you are certainly a Jew, if you say\n    Jehovah_; I was quite sure of it before, and I am so pleased.'\"\n\nThere is a great error as to custom here, for the Jews never attempt to\npronounce the \"four-lettered\" Name, and in reading and speaking always use\ninstead Adonai or Elohim. And even converted Jews retain for the most part\nthe same habit. The writer of _Charles Auchester_ can only defend himself\nby the example of the writer of {619} _Ivanhoe_, who has made the same\noversight; and a still more glaring one besides in making Isaac the Jew\nwish his daughter had been called Benoni, _i.e._ the _son_ of sorrow. The\nvowel letters of Jehovah are merely those of Adonai, inserted by the\nMassorites; but this is another subject.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_Lachlan Macleane._--This individual, whose claim to the authorship of\nJunius has been lately revived, was in Philadelphia ninety-five years ago,\nand his name figures there in the accounts of the overseers of the poor,\nunder date of November 9, 1758:\n\n    \"By cash received of James Coultass, late sheriff, being a fine paid by\n    Laughlane McClain for kissing of Osborn's wife (after his commissions\n    and writing bond were deducted)\n\n    \u00a324 : 5 : 0\"\n\nThis was in Pennsylvania currency; but it was an expensive kiss even in\nthat, being (besides the commissions and sheriff's charge for writing the\nbond) equivalent to sixty-four dollars and fifty cents of our present\ncurrency.\n\nM. E.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_German Tree._--The following extract concerning this accessory to\nChristmas, which is now so popular, may perhaps be interesting at the\npresent season. It is taken from the _Loseley Manuscripts_, edited by A. J.\nKempe, F.S.A., 1836, p. 75. note.\n\n    \"We remember a German of the household of the late Queen Caroline,\n    making what he termed a _Christmas tree_ for a juvenile party at that\n    festive season. The tree was a branch of some evergreen fastened on a\n    board. Its boughs bent under the weight of gilt oranges, almonds, &c.;\n    and under it was a neat model of a farm-house, surrounded by figures of\n    animals, &c., and all due accompaniments. The forming Christmas trees\n    is, we believe, a common custom in Germany: evidently a remain of the\n    pageants constructed at that season in ancient days.\"\n\nIs this the first notice of a German tree in England? The adjunct of the\nfarm-house seems now to be dispensed with in this country.\n\nZEUS.\n\n_The late Duke._--The following curious coincidence, which lately appeared\nin the _Meath Herald_, deserves transplanting to the literary museum of \"N.\n& Q.\":\n\n    \"From the fact of the Mornington family having been so connected by\n    property, &c. with the parish of Trim, in which town the late Duke\n    spent so many of his early days, and commenced his career in life by\n    being elected, when scarcely twenty-one years of age, to represent the\n    old borough of Trim, the following coincidence is worth relating. On\n    the news of the death of the Duke reaching Trim, the Very Rev. Dean\n    Butler caused the chime of bells to be rung in respect to his memory;\n    and the large bell, which was considered one of the finest and sweetest\n    in Ireland, hardly had tolled a second time for the occasion when it\n    suddenly broke, became mute, and ceased to send forth its notes.\n    Whether this was to be attributed to neglect of the ringer, or regret\n    for the great man of the age, it is hard to say; but, very odd as it\n    may appear to be, on examining the bell, it was found to be cast by\n    Edmund Blood, 1769, the very year the Duke was born. Thus this fine\n    bell commenced its career with the birth of the Duke, and ceased to\n    sound at his death. The parish of Trim is now getting the bell recast,\n    and the old metal is to be seen at Mr. Hodges, Abbey Street, Dublin.\"\n\nJ. YEOWELL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nTHE STORY OF CRISPIN AND CRISPIANUS.\n\n_A Recitation for the 25th of October, and other Convivial Meetings of\nShoemakers._\n\n \"The CRISPIN trade! What better trade can be?\n  Ancient and famous, independent, free!\n  No other trade a brighter claim can find;\n  No other trade display more share of mind!\n  No other calling prouder names can boast,--\n  In arms, in arts,--themselves a perfect host!\n  All honour, zeal, and patriotic pride;\n  To dare heroic, and in suffering tried!\n  But first and chief--and as such claims inspire--\n  Our Patron Brothers, who doth not admire?\n  CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS! they who sought\n  Safety with us, and at the calling wrought:\n  Martyrs to Truth, who in old times were cast\n  Lorn outcasts forth to labour at the _last_!\n  Mould the stout sole, sew with the woven thread,\n  Make the _good fit_, and win their daily bread.\n  This was their strait and doing--this their doom;\n  They sought our shelter, and they found a home!\n  Helpless and hapless, wandering to and fro,\n  Weary they came and hid them from the foe;\n  Two high-born youths, to holy things impell'd,\n  Hunted from place to place, though still they held\n  Their sacred faith, and died for it, and threw\n  The glory of that death on all who made the Shoe!\n\n   \"Such is the story--so behaved our trade;\n  And then the Church its zealous homage paid,\n  And made their death-day holy, as we see\n  Still in the Calendar, and still to be!\n  And long the Shoemaker has felt the claim,\n  And proved him joyful at such lofty fame;\n  For theirs it was by more than blood allied,\n  Alike they worshipp'd, and alike they died!\n  Nor minded how the Pagan nipp'd their youth--\n  They are not dead who suffer for the Truth!\n  The skies receive them, and the earth's warm heart\n  In grateful duty ever plays its part,\n  Embalms their memory to all future time,\n  And thus, in love, still punishes the crime;\n  Sees, though the corse be trampled to the dust,\n  The murder'd dead have retribution just!\n\n  {620}\n   \"Where are they now who wrought this fiendish wrong?\n  We hate the actors, and have hated long.\n  And where are they, the victims? Always here;\n  We feel their glory, and we hold it dear!\n  Oh yes, 'tis ours! that glory still is ours,\n  And, lo! how breaks it on these festive hours;\n  Each heart is warm, each eye lit up with pride,\n 'Tis sanction'd in our loves and sanctified!\n  Far o'er the earth--the Christianised--where'er\n  The Saviour's name is hymn'd in daily prayer,\n  The winds of heaven their memories tender waft,\n  Commix'd with all the sorceries of the _craft_.\n  The little leather artizan--the boy\n  To whom the shoe is yet but as a toy,\n  A thing to smile and look at, ere the day\n  Severer task will make it one of _pay_\n  (A constant duty and a livelihood),--\n  He, the young Crispin, emulous and good,\n  Is told of the Prince Martyrs--sometimes Royal!\n  (The trade, in its devotion, being so loyal,\n  It fain would stretch the fact or trifle still,\n  Eager, as 'twere, to get on highest hill.)\n  Through the fair France, through Germany, and Spain,\n  The blue-skied Italy, the Russias twain,\n  And farther still, across the Western Main.\n  There is the story known, engraft, 'tis true,\n  With things, as often is, of weight undue;\n  Yet still's enough, when sifted to the most,\n  To make the trade rejoice, and as a toast,\n  Now, as is wont, and ever to be given,\n  Hail to the memory of our friends in heaven!\n  CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS--they, the two,\n  Who, like ourselves, have made the Boot and Shoe!\"\n\nThe story as told in these verses is not exactly the same as the one\ncurrent among the makers of the boot and shoe in our own island, an account\nin an old book called _The History of the Gentle Craft_ (the production, no\ndoubt, of the well-known Thomas Delony) being the basis of the tradition as\nreceived now by the British shoemaker. In the _Golden Legende_, one of the\nearliest of our printed books, and in Alban Butler's _Lives of the Saints_,\nas compiled from the Roman Martyrologies, as also in the inscriptions of\nsome pieces of ancient tapestry formerly belonging to the shoemakers'\nchapel in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, but, when I saw them, in one\nof the galleries of the Louvre, is the like version as the one here given.\nThe authority, too, of the Church Calendar of England, even as it still\nremains after the loppings of the Reformation, is another corroboration\nthat CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS, brothers, were early martyrs to the Christian\nfaith, and through that chiefly honoured, and not because the one became a\nredoubted general and the other a successful suitor to the daughter of some\nall-potent emperor. In the Delony version--itself, in every probability, a\nborrowing from the popular mind of the Elizabethan period,--these things\nare put forth; while in trade paintings and songs the Prince CRISPIN is\nassumed to have a wife or sister, one can hardly tell which, in the person\nof a princess, the Princess CRISPIANUS, and who figures as the patron of\nthe women's branch of the shoemakers' art; CRISPIN himself presiding over\nthe coarser labour for the rougher sex. This artifice, if not purely\nhistorical, is at least very excusable, because so natural, seeing that the\nduplex principle has such an extensive range; that even the feet themselves\ncome into the world in pairs, and so shoes must be produced after the same\nfashion--paired, as the shoemakers have done by their adored CRISPIN and\nCRISPIANUS.\n\nIt has now but to be stated that the writer of the foregoing lines (a long\ntime now the common property of his fellow-workmen) and this present\nparagraph, has for many years contemplated the production of something,\nwhich might assume even the size of a book, in connexion with the various\ncurious particulars which may be affiliated with this Crispin story, and\ntherefore would be glad to find some of the numerous erudite renders of \"N.\n& Q.\" helping his inquiries either through the medium of future Numbers, or\nas might be addressed privately to himself, care of Mr. Clements,\nbookseller, 22. Little Pulteney Street, Regent Street.\n\nJ. DAVIES DEVLIN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Barrels Regiment._--I suppose that to this regiment a song refers which\nhas for its burden,--\n\n \"And ten times a day whip the barrels,\n  And ten times a day whip the barrels,\n                          Brave boys.\"\n\nI shall be very much obliged to any one who will tell me where I can find\nthis song, or the circumstances or persons to which it refers. It was\nprobably written about the year 1747.\n\nE. H.\n\n_Okey the Regicide._--I should be much obliged for any information relative\nto the descendants of Colonel John Okey, the regicide, executed April 19,\n1662, O.S.\n\nE. P. H.\n\nClapham.\n\n_Lady Mason's Third Husband_.--Secretary Davison, in a letter dated London,\n23rd December, 1581, and addressed to Lady Mason, requests this lady \"to\njoin with his honour her husband\" in standing sponsor with Sir Christopher\nHatton, or Sir Thomas Skirley, to his son, born a few days before. Sir John\nMason, second husband to Lady Mason, died in 1566. Who then was \"this\nhonour,\" her third?\n\nG. S. S.\n\n_Creation of Knights._--When were the following knights made?--Sir William\nFleming, Sir George Barker, Sir George Hamilton, Sir Edward {621} de\nCarteret, Sir William Armourer:--the first by Charles I.; the four\nfollowing by Charles II.\n\nG. S. S.\n\n_Martyn the Regicide._--Was Martyn the regicide married or not? If married,\nis it known whether he had children? and if any of his children settled in\nIreland, and became possessed of property in that country?\n\nE. A. G.\n\n_History of the Nonjurors._--What are the best authorities for the history\nof the Nonjurors and their sufferings? Of course, Lathbury, Hickes's _Life\nof Kettlewell_, &c. are well known. Whence came their adopted motto:\n\"C\u00e6tera quis nescit?\" Any reader who would communicate any information on\nthese points to C. R. would confer a favour.\n\nC. R.\n\n_Florin and the Royal Arms._--What is the authority for placing the\nnational arms (which are by royal proclamations ordered to be borne\n_quarterly_ in ratification of the respective unions, and to be borne under\none imperial crown) in separate shields? They surely cannot with any\nheraldic propriety be so arranged. The absurdity was remarked in the reign\nof the Georges, for by the separation of the coats the arms of the German\nDominions of George I. obtained the second place, viz. the dexter side,\nwith France on the sinister, and Ireland at the bottom or fourth place.\n\nMAT O' THE MINT.\n\n_A Mistletoe Query._--Why has mistletoe the privilege of allowing the fair\nsex to be kissed under its branches, on condition that a berry is plucked\noff at the time? And also, when was this first allowed?[2]\n\nJ. W. ASTON (late of Trin. Col.)\n\n[Footnote 2: This Query has been incidentally noticed in \"N. & Q.,\"\nVol. v., pp. 13. 208.--ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Sewell Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 521.).--Your correspondent D. N. states,\nthat \"nothing farther is known of the family of Lieut.-Col. Sewell, who\ndied in 1803, than that he had a son Thos. Bailey Heath Sewell, Cornet in\n32nd Light Dragoons, and Lieutenant 4th Dragoon Guards.\" Had he referred to\nLodge's _Peerage_, he would have found that the Honorable Harriet\nBeresford, fourth daughter of the Most Rev. Wm. Beresford, Lord Archbishop\nof Tuam, and first Baron Decies, married Jan. 25, 1796, Thos. Henry\nBermingham (not Bailey) Daly Sewell, Esq.; and died June 11, 1834, having\nhad three children, viz.:\n\n1. Thomas, formerly Page of Honour to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,\n_circa_ 1829, afterwards a pensioner of Trin. Coll. Dublin, and\nsubsequently Lieutenant 13th Light Infantry; who died at Landour, Bengal,\nAug. 1, 1836.\n\n2. Isabella, who married her cousin Major Marcus Beresford, in October,\n1828; and died in 1836.\n\n3. Louisa, married to the Hon. Sir W. E. Leeson, and died in 1849 or 1850.\n\nWill D. N. favour me with the dates of the birth and death of the late\nunfortunate, and, as I believe, ill-used Lieut.-General John Whitelocke,\nwhom he mentions, with the localities where the birth and death occurred?\n\nG. L. S.\n\n    [We have submitted our correspondent's communication to D. N., who has\n    kindly forwarded the following reply:\n\n    \"My communication (Vol. viii., p. 521.) I was aware was far from a\n    perfect pedigree of the Sewell family, and my object was to give such\n    notices as might form an outline to be filled up by some one more\n    competently informed. Your correspondent G. L. S. has very well\n    supplied the _c\u00e6tera desunt_, where my information terminated with the\n    appointment of Cornet Sewell to a Lieutenancy in the 4th (Royal Irish)\n    Dragoon Guards. In the London Gazette 13789, June 23, 1795, he is\n    inserted as 'Mr. Bermingham Daly Henry Sewell' to be a cornet in the\n    32nd Light Dragoons; and as in filling up commissions much accuracy is\n    always considered very essential, I am disposed to regard those\n    Christian names as correct.\n\n    \"There was a Rev. George Sewell, Rector of Byfleet, Surrey, Was he a\n    brother of Lieut.-Col. Sewell of the Surrey Light Dragoons?\n\n    \"Did the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell marry a second wife? For I find,\n    in _The Globe_ of October 9, 1820: 'Died, Saturday, Sept. 16, at\n    Twyford Lodge, Maresfield, Sussex, in her seventy-eighth year, Lady\n    Sewell, widow of the late Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell, Master of the\n    Rolls and Privy Councillor, &c.' Now, in Manning's _Surrey_, vol. iii.\n    p. 201., it is stated that Lieut.-Col. Sewell died in 1803, in his\n    fifty-eighth year, which would render it impossible for him to be the\n    son of the above-named Lady Sewell. In Horsfield's _Sussex_, 4to.,\n    1835, vol. i. p. 375., I find a William Luther Sewell, Esq., who most\n    probably was connected by the second marriage, residing at the above\n    Twyford Lodge.\n\n    \"I regret that I cannot reply distinctly to the inquiries of G. L. S.\n    respecting the late Lieut.-General Whitelocke. I have ineffectually\n    searched all the various biographical dictionaries to that of the Rev.\n    H. J. Rose in twelve volumes, 1848, inclusive, without having found one\n    that has taken the least notice of him. I had casually heard, some\n    years since, that he had fixed his residence in Somersetshire, and that\n    he had died there; which I find confirmed by a paragraph in the _Annual\n    Register_, vol. lxxvi. for 1834 (_Chronicle_), p. 218., which states\n    that he died 'near Bath,' in February, 1834. With such scanty\n    information on the required points, I would still refer G. L. S. to a\n    work entitled _The Georgian \u00c6ra_, in 4 vols., London, 1832; where he\n    will find, in vol. ii. p 475., a short _military_ memoir of\n    Lieut.-General Whitelocke, which is dispassionately and candidly\n    written, and which accounts very reasonably for the inauspicious result\n    of his military operations. There is one slight error in the account of\n    _The Georgian \u00c6ra_, viz. in the date of the {622} _first_ appointment\n    of Mr. Whitelocke to a commission in the army, which appears in the\n    _London Gazette_, No. 11938. of December 26, 1778, and runs thus: '14th\n    Foot, John Whitelocke, Gent., to be Ensign _vice_ Day.\"--I trust some\n    reader of \"N. & Q.\" will furnish us with the dates of the birth and\n    death of Lieut.-General Whitelocke, specifying when they took place, as\n    desired by G. L. S., with an abridgment of deficient particulars in his\n    history. D. N.\"]\n\n_Greek Epigram._--In the _Bath Chronicle_ of the 10th of November last, I\nfind the following advertisement:\n\n    \"The Clergyman of a Town Parish, in which are several crippled persons,\n    at present unable to attend divine worship, will feel very grateful to\n    any gentleman or lady who will give him an old Bath chair for the use\n    of these poor people; two blind men having offered, in this case,\n    charitably to convey their crippled neighbours regularly to the house\n    of God.\"\n\nSurely this arrangement is not a new idea, and there is, if I mistake not,\na Greek epigram that records its success in practice several hundred years\nago. Can any of your readers, whose Greek is less faded than mine, refer me\nto the epigram?\n\nGEO. E. FRERE.\n\n    [Probably the following epigram is the one floating in the faded memory\n    of our correspondent:\n\n            [Greek: PHILIPPOU, hoi de ISID\u00d4ROU.]\n      [Greek: P\u00earos ho men guiois, ho d' ar' ommasin; amphoteroi de]\n        [Greek: Eis hautous to tuch\u00eas endees \u00earanisan,]\n      [Greek: Tuphlos gar lipoguion ep\u00f4madion baros air\u00f4n,]\n        [Greek: Tais keinou ph\u00f4nais atrapon \u00f4rthobatei,]\n      [Greek: Panta de taut' edidaxe pikr\u00ea pantolmos anank\u00ea,]\n        [Greek: All\u00ealois merisai toullipes eis eleon.]\n            _Anthologia, in usum Schol\u00e6 Westmonast._:\n                Oxon. 1724, p. 58.]\n\n_Translations from \u00c6schylus._--Whose translation of the tragedies of\n\u00c6schylus is that which accompanies Flaxman's compositions from the same? I\nought to state that there is merely a line or two under each plate, to\nexplain the subject of each composition, and that my copy is the unreduced\nsize.\n\nH.\n\nKingston-on-Thames.\n\n    [The lines are taken from N. Potter's translation of the Tragedies of\n    \u00c6schylus, 4to., 1777.]\n\n_Prince Memnon's Sister._--Who was Prince Memnon's sister, alluded to by\nMilton in _Il Penseroso_?\n\nJ. W. T.\n\nDewsbury.\n\n    [Dunster has the following note on this line:--\"Prince Memnon's sister;\n    that is, an Ethiopian princess, or sable beauty. Memnon, king of\n    Ethiopia, being an auxiliary of the Trojans, was slain by Achilles.\n    (See Virg. _\u00c6n._ I. 489., '_Nigri_ Memnonis arma.') It does not,\n    however, appear that Memnon had any sister. Tithonus, according to\n    Hesiod, had by Aurora only two sons, Memnon and Emathion, _Theog._ 984.\n    This lady is a creation of the poet.\"]\n\n_\"Oh! for a blast,\" &c._--Who was the author of the couplet--\n\n \"Oh! for a blast of that dread horn,\n  On Fontarabian echoes borne?\"\n\nA. J. DUNKIN.\n\n    [The lines--\n\n     \"O for the voice of that wild horn,\n      On Fontarabia's echoes borne,\n            The dying hero's call,\"--\n\n    are by Sir Walter Scott, and form part of those which excited the\n    horror of the father of Frank Osbaldiston, when he examined his\n    waste-book in search of _Reports outward and inward_--Corn Debentures,\n    &c. See _Rob Roy_, chap. ii. p. 24. ed. 1829.]\n\n_Robin Hood's Festival._--Can any of your correspondents refer me to a good\naccount of the festival of Robin Hood, which was so popular with our\nancestors, that Bishop Latimer could get no one to come to hear him preach\non that day?\n\nIn the churchwardens' accounts of St. Helens, Abingdon, published in the\nfirst volume of the _Arch\u00e6ologia_, there is an entry in 1566 of the sum of\n18d. paid for \"setting up Robin Hood's Bower.\"\n\nR. W. B.\n\n    [The best account of Robin Hood's festival on the first and succeeding\n    days of May is given in _Robin Hood: a Collection of all the Ancient\n    Poems, Songs, and Ballads, relative to that celebrated Outlaw_; [by\n    Joseph Ritson], among the notes and illustrations in vol. i. pp.\n    xcvii--cx. Consult also _A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode_, by John Matthew\n    Gutch, vol. i. pp. 60--64.; and George Soane's _New Curiosities of\n    Literature_, vol. i. pp. 231--236.]\n\n_Church in Suffolk._--In restoring a church in Suffolk, apparently of the\ndate of Henry VII., except two Norman doors, the walls were found full of\nNorman mouldings of about 1100, or not much after. Will you kindly give me\na list of the works where I may be likely to find an account of this\noriginal church? Davy and Jermyn's _Suffolk_, in the British Museum, says\nnothing about it. The two Norman doors are universally admired, and the\nchurch is now Norman still throughout. In the reconstruction of about 1100,\nthe two doors do not seem to have been in any way restored or meddled with.\n\nG. L.\n\n    [Our correspondent may probably find some account of this church either\n    in Suckling's _Antiquities of Suffolk_, 4to., 2 vols., Gage's _History\n    of Suffolk_ (Thingoe Hundred), 4to., or in H. Jermyn's Collections for\n    a General History of Suffolk, in the British Museum, Add. MSS.\n    8168--8196.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{623}\n\nReplies.\n\nCHILDREN CALLED IMPS.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 443.)\n\n\"Heere resteth the bodye of the noble Impe, Robert of Duddeley, Baron of\nDenbigh, sonne of Robert, Earle of Leicester, nephew and heire unto\nAmbrose, Earle of Warwick, brethren, both sonnes of the mighty Prince John,\nlate Duke of Northumberland, that was cosin and heire to Sir John Grey,\nVicount L'Isle, nephew and heire unto the Lady Margaret, Countesse of\nShrewsbury, the eldest daughter and coheire of the noble Earle of Warr: Sir\nRichard Beauchampe here interred; a childe of great parentage, but of farr\ngreater hope and towardnesse, taken from this transitory unto everlasting\nlife in his tender age, at Wanstead in Essex, on Sunday, 19th of July, in\nthe yeare of our Lord God 1584, being the 26th yeare of the happy raine of\nthe most virtuous and godly Princesse, Queene Elizabeth, and in this place\nlayd up among his noble auncestors, in assured hope of the generall\nresurrection.\"--_Lady's Chapel, St. Mary's Church, Warwick._\n\nH. B.\n\nWarwick.\n\nAn inscription on a tomb at Besford, near Pershore, Worcestershire, of the\nsame period as that at Aylesbury (mentioned by MR. BROOKS), contains also\nthe word _imp_. The tomb at Besford is a most singular one, consisting of\ntwo large folding doors fixed against the wall, their panels and the\ninterior being painted over with figures and inscriptions. From the latter,\nwhich are of some length, the following extracts will be sufficient to\nillustrate the subject:\n\n \"An _impe_ entombed heere doth lie.\"\n\n \"... elder ... from Christ to straie,\n  When such an _impe_ foreshewes the waie.\"\n\nThe old poetical word _sugared_, \"Noe sugred word,\" occurs in the\ninscription.\n\nThe \"impe\" is supposed to be Richard Harewell, who died in 1576, aged 15\nyears, to whom a second monument, of alabaster (close by the former), was\nalso erected; a rare circumstance, I should suppose. The Harewells appear\nto have been a family at the time of the Conquest; the two following lines\nare a part of one of the inscriptions:\n\n \"Of Harewell's blodde ere Conquest made,\n  Knowne to descende of gentle race.\"\n\nNash, in his _History of Worcestershire_, makes mention of this singular\nmonument, but is anything but correct in giving its inscriptions.\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B. A.\n\nT. W. D. BROOKS will find this word used by some modern authors to denote a\nchild. In _Moral and Sacred Poetry_, selected and arranged by the Rev. T.\nWillcocks and the Rev. T. Horton (Devonport, W. Byers, 1834), there is at\np. 254. a piece by Baillie, addressed \"To a Child,\" the first line of which\nruns thus:\n\n \"Whose _imp_ art thou, with dimpled cheek?\"\n\nAnd in a poem by Rogers, on the following page, the children of a gipsy are\ncalled _imps_.\n\nJ. W. N. KEYS.\n\nPlymouth.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE DIVINING ROD.\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 293. 479.)\n\nThe inclosed extract from a letter which I have just received from a friend\non the subject of the divining rod, will probably interest your readers as\nan answer to a Query which appeared some weeks ago in your excellent work.\nYou may entirely rely on the accuracy of the facts stated.\n\nJ. A. H.\n\n\"However the pretended effect of the divining rod may be attributed to\nknavery and credulity by philosophers who will not take the trouble of\nwitnessing and investigating the operation, any one who will pay a visit to\nthe Mendip Hills in Somersetshire, and the country round their base, may\nhave abundant proof of the efficacy of it. Its success has been very\nstrikingly proved along the range of the Pennard Hills also, to the South\nof the Mendip. The faculty of discovering water by means of the divining\nrod is not possessed by every one; for indeed there are but few who possess\nit in any considerable degree, or in whose hands the motion of the rod,\nwhen passing over an underground stream, is very decided; and they who have\nit are quite unconscious of their capability until they are made aware of\nit by experiment.\n\n\"I saw the operation of the rod, or rather of a fork, formed of the shoots\nof the last year, held in the hands of the experimentor by the extremities,\nwith the angle projecting before him. When he came over the spot beneath\nwhich the water flowed, the rod, which had before been perfectly still,\nwrithed about with considerable force, so that the holder could not keep it\nin its former position; and he appealed to the bystanders to notice that he\nhad made no motion to produce this effect, and used every effort to prevent\nit. The operation was several times repeated with the same result, and each\ntime under the close inspection of shrewd and doubting, if not incredulous,\nobservers. Forks of any kind of green wood served equally well, but those\nof dead wood had no effect. The experimentor had discovered water, in\nseveral instances, in the same parish (Pennard), but was perfectly unaware\nof his capability till he was requested by his landlord to try. The\noperator had the reputation of a perfectly honest man, whose word might be\nsafely {624} trusted, and who was incapable of attempting to deceive any\none--as indeed appeared by his open and ingenuous manner and conversation\non this occasion. He was a farmer, and respected by all his neighbours. So\ngeneral is the conviction of the efficacy of the divining rod in\ndiscovering both water and the ores of calamine or zinc all over the\nMendip, that the people are quite astonished when any doubt is expressed\nabout it. The late Dr. Hutton wrote against the pretension, as one of many\ninstances of deception founded upon gross ignorance and credulity; when a\nlady of quality, who herself possessed the faculty, called upon him, and\ngave him experimental proof, in the neighbourhood of Woolwich, that water\nwas discoverable by that means. This Dr. Hutton afterwards publicly\nacknowledged.\n\n\"The above I suppose will suffice for your present purpose; I could,\nhowever, say a great deal more, for I wrote a very long account many years\nago to our friend ----, of what I have now only briefly stated. That letter\nwas treated by certain scientific friends of his with contempt; but when I\nafterwards saw poor Dr. Turner, he said he would go down to Somerset to see\nit himself; but alas! he did not live to carry his intention into effect.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS, ETC.\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 464, 465.)\n\nVery hesitatingly I venture to express dissent from MR. KEIGHTLEY'S\ningenious suggestion of a change of meaning in the proverb \"Tread on a worm\nand it will turn.\" I support my dissent, however, by the following lines\nfrom Shakspeare:\n\n \"Who 'scapes the lurking serpent's mortal sting?\n  Not he that sets his foot upon her back.\n  The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on;\n  And doves will peck in safe-guard of their brood.\"\n      Third Part of _King Henry VI._, Act II. Sc. 2.\n\nKing Henry says, Withhold revenge, dear God!\n\nClifford replies, The lion, the bear, the serpent, the smallest worm, and\ndoves, if injured, will make an effort at revenge or defence. It is clear\nthat Shakspeare uses the word _worm_ as meaning, not a venomous serpent,\nbut the most defenceless of reptiles.\n\nAgain, I do not think that MR. KEIGHTLEY'S quotation from Schiller's\n_Wallenstein's Tod_ supports his view. I am not a German scholar, but I\nfind that the translator of _Wallenstein's Tod_ (I believe Lord Ellesmere)\nhas translated or paraphrased the lines quoted by MR. KEIGHTLEY as follows:\n\n \"But nature gave the very worm a sting,\n  When trampled on by man, to turn again.\"\n\nThe sense of the passage (spoken by Butler) requires that \"wurm\" should be\nunderstood to mean a harmless despised reptile, not a venomous serpent.\n\nIt seems that Schiller had Shakspeare in his mind when he wrote the lines\nin question; indeed, they are almost a copy of Shakspeare's line. I\nconsider them as parallel passages.\n\nIt may not be irrelevant to observe that _worm_ in some places still means\na serpent; but I believe it has usually a prefix, as \"hag-worm\" in\nWestmoreland and the West Riding of Yorkshire; so also in the latter\n\"slow-worm\" means a species of small snake or viper found on some of the\nmoors. (For \"slow-worm,\" see \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. viii., pp. 33. and 479.) I\nhave been told that \"blind-worm\" in Surrey means a viper. I conclude with a\nQuery, Does _Wurm_ in modern German ever mean a serpent?\n\nF. W. J.\n\n\"To put a spoke in one's wheel,\" is not singular in its _double entendre_\n(Vol. viii., pp. 262. 351. 464.). \"There is no love lost between them\" is\nin a similar predicament. We now speak of no love being lost between A. and\nB., when we would intimate that the warmth of their mutual affection may be\naccurately represented by 32\u00b0 Fahrenheit. That this has not always been the\nmeaning of the phrase, the following verse from the old ballad of _The\nChildren in the Wood_ will testify:\n\n \"Sore sick he was, and like to die,\n    No help that he could have;\n  His wife by him as sick did lie,\n    And both possess'd one grave.\n  _No love between these two was lost_,\n    Each was to other kind;\n  In love they lived, in love they died,\n    And left two babes behind.\"\n\nR. PRICE.\n\nSt. Ives.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSNEEZING.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 366.)\n\nA collection of \"facts, theories, and popular ideas\" upon this subject\nwould fill a volume. I send, however, a few extracts, &c., which may\ninterest your correspondent MEDICUS:\n\n \"Et n'esternuay point regardant le soleil.\"\n\n \"And did not sneeze as he looked upon the sun.\"\n    Ronsard, tom. v. p. 158., quoted in Southey's\n      _Common Place Book_, 3rd series, p. 303.\n\nHere, not to sneeze appears to be looked on as an ill omen.\n\nAmmianus has an epigram upon one whose nose was so long that he never heard\nit sneeze, and therefore never said [Greek: Zeu s\u00f4son], God bless.--_Notes\non the Variorum Plautus_ (ed. Gronov., Lugd. Bat.), p. 720. {625}\n\nAthen\u00e6us, says Potter in his _Arch\u00e6ologia Gr\u00e6ca_, proves that the head was\nesteemed holy, because it was customary to swear by it, and adore as holy\nthe sneezes that proceeded from it. And Aristotle tells us in express terms\nthat sneezing was accounted a deity: \"[Greek: Ton Ptarmon theon\nh\u00eagoumetha]\"--_Arch\u00e6ol. Gr\u00e6c._ (5th ed.), p. 338.\n\n \"Oscitatio in nixu letalis est, sicut\n  Sternuisse a coitu abortivum.\"\n    Quoted from Pliny by Aulus Gellius,\n      _Noct. Att._ III. xvi. 24.\n\nErasmus, in his _Colloquies_, bids one say to him who sneezes, \"Sit faustum\nac felix,\" or \"Servet te Deus,\" or \"Sit salutiferum\" or \"Bene vertat Deus.\"\n\n    \"Quare homines sternutant?\n\n    \"Respondetur, ut virtus expulsiva et visiva, per hoc purgetur, et\n    cerebrum a sua superfluitate purgetur, etc. Etiam qui sternutat\n    frequenter, dicitur habere forte cerebrum.\"--_Aristotelis Problemata_:\n    Amstelodami, anno 1690.\n\nQuery whether from some such idea of the beneficial effect of sneezing,\narose the practice of calling for the divine blessing on the sneezer?\n\nWhen Themistocles was offering sacrifice, it happened that three beautiful\ncaptives were brought him, and at the same time the fire burnt clear and\nbright, and a sneeze happened on the right hand. Hereupon Euphrantides the\nsoothsayer, embracing him, predicted the memorable victory which was\nafterwards obtained by him, &c.\n\nThere is also mention of this custom (the observation of sneezing) in\nHomer, who has introduced Penelope rejoicing at a sneeze of her son\nTelemachus:\n\n    \"[Greek: Ouch horaas ho moi huios epeptaren]\"\n\nSneezing was not always a lucky omen, but varied according to the\nalteration of circumstances--\"[Greek: T\u00f4n ptarm\u00f4n hoi men eisin \u00f4phelimoi,\nhoi de blaberoi],\" \"Some sneezes are profitable, others\nprejudicial\"--according to the scholiast upon the following passage of\nTheocritus, wherein he makes the sneezing of the Cupids to have been an\nunfortunate omen to a certain lover:\n\n    \"[Greek: Simichida men er\u00f4tes epeptaron.]\"\n\nIf any person sneezed between midnight and the following noontide it was\nfortunate, but from noontide till midnight it was unfortunate.\n\nIf a man sneezed at the table while they were taking away, or if another\nhappened to sneeze upon his left hand, it was unlucky; if on the right\nhand, fortunate.\n\nIf, in the undertaking any business, two or four sneezes happened, it was a\nlucky omen, and gave encouragement to proceed; if more than four, the omen\nwas neither good nor bad; if one or three, it was unlucky, and dehorted\nthem from proceeding in what they had designed. If two men were\ndeliberating about any business, and both of them chanced to sneeze\ntogether, it was a prosperous omen.--_Arch\u00e6ol. Gr\u00e6c._ (5th ed.), pp. 339,\n340.\n\nFRANCIS JOHN SCOTT.\n\nTewkesbury.\n\nThe custom your correspondent MEDICUS alludes to, of wishing a person \"good\nhealth,\" after sneezing, is also very common in Russia. The phrases the\nRussians use on these occasions are--\"To your good health!\" or \"How do you\ndo?\"\n\nJ. S. A.\n\nOld Broad Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346.)\n\nTo the list of these literary _auto da f\u00e9's_ we may well add the burning of\nBishop Burnet's famous _Pastoral Letter_, which was censured by the House\nof Commons, January, 1692, and was burned by the common hangman. The\noffence contained in it was the ascribing the title of William III. to the\ncrown of England to a right of conquest. A recollection of this gives\nadditional point to the irony of Atterbury in attacking Wake:\n\n    \"William the Conqueror is another of the pious patterns he recommends,\n    'who would suffer nothing,' he says, 'to be determined in any\n    ecclesiastical causes without leave and authority first had from\n    him.'... His present majesty is not William the Conqueror; and can no\n    more by our constitution rule absolutely either in Church or State than\n    he would if he could: his will and pleasure is indeed a law to all his\n    subjects; not in a conquering sense, but because his will and pleasure\n    is only that the laws of our country should be obeyed, which he came\n    over on purpose to rescue, and counts it his great prerogative to\n    maintain; and contemns therefore, I doubt not, such sordid flattery as\n    would measure the extent of his supremacy from the Conqueror's\n    claim.\"--Atterbury's _Rights, Powers, and Privileges of Convocation_,\n    pp. 158--160.\n\nAtterbury never misses a hit at Burnet when he can conveniently administer\none, and the Bishop endeavours to smile even while he winces:\n\n    \"He writes with just and due respect of the king and the present\n    constitution. This has come so seldom from that corner that it ought to\n    be the more considered. I will not give that scope to jealousy as to\n    suspect that this was an artifice; but accept it sincerely,\" &c.--The\n    Bishop of Sarum's _Reflections on the Rights, Powers, &c._. p. 4.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\nThe following, may come under the list wanted by BALLIOLENSIS:\n\n    \"The covenant itself, together with the act for erecting the high court\n    of justice, that for subscribing the engagement, and that for declaring\n    England a {626} Commonwealth, were ordered to be burned by the hands of\n    the hangman. The people assisted with great alacrity on this\n    occasion.\"--From Hume, Reign of Charles II., edit. London, 1828, p.\n    762.\n\nOn a copy of _La D\u00e9fense de la R\u00e9formation, &c_., par I. Claude, \u00e0 La Haye,\n1683, I noted the following about thirty years ago as a striking passage,\nbut cannot now recollect from whence I took it. This book was condemned by\nthe Pope to be burned, on which circumstance the editor of an old edition\nof it very appositely observes:\n\n    \"Books have souls as well as men, which survive their martyrdom, and\n    are not burnt, but crowned by the flames that encircle them. The Church\n    of Rome has quickly felt there was nothing combustible but the paper.\n    The truth flew upward like the angel from Manoah's sacrifice, untouched\n    by the fire, and unsullied by the smoke, and found a safe refuge at the\n    footstool of the God of Truth.\"\n\nG. N.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJEWS IN CHINA.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 515.)\n\nThe only people known as descendants of any of the ten tribes are the\nSpomerim, or Samaritans; whose chief peculiarity is, that they acknowledge\nas sacred only the five books of Moses: for, although other books held\nsacred by the Jews are known to them, such books are not written in the\nsame ancient alphabetic character as those of the Samaritan Pentateuch. The\nten tribes were then taken captive B.C. 721 (2 Kings xvii. 24--41.). The\ninference is, therefore, that all the books, from Joshua to Malachi\ninclusive, had not been composed or admitted into the holy canon till after\nthat date. The criterion then for ascertaining whether the Chinese Jews are\ndescended from the ten tribes, appears to be their adherence to the\nPentateuch _alone_ as sacred. I. The Chinese Jews have not the ancient\nHebrew character, but the comparatively modern square Chaldee one, as in\nour printed Bibles. II. Gozani states that the Jews of Kaafung Foo, in\nHonan, had some traditions from the Talmud. The Mishnah, constituting the\ntext of the Talmud, is manifestly a compilation _subsequent_ to the closing\nof the Jewish canon; the quotations from the books following those of Moses\nbeing constantly in use therein. III. On Gozani mentioning Jesus the\nMessiah, the Chinese Jew said they had a knowledge of Jesus the son of\nSirach. As, however, the book of the last-named writer is unknown in\nHebrew, Gozani, who was ignorant of that language, may have mistaken him\nfor Jesus (=Joshua) the son of Nun, with which book the Chinese Jew was\nacquainted.[3] In either case, _more_ books than the Pentateuch were\nundoubtedly held sacred by these Chinese Jews; therefore the connexion with\nthe ten tribes (house of Israel), as distinct from the house of Judah (the\nJews properly so called), cannot be inferred. The authorities for the\nSamaritans are Scaliger, Ludolf, Prideaux, Jahn, Huntington, Winer,\nSchnurrer, and Kitto. For the eastern Jews: Josephus, Peritsol, Manasseh,\nBasnage, B\u00fcsching; Fathers Ricci, Aleni, Gozani, and other Jesuits, in the\n_Lettres \u00e9difiantes et curieuses_, vol. xviii.; and the _Chinese\nRepository_, vol. i. pp. 8. 44., vol. iii. p. 175.\n\nCircumcision is too general a practice in the hotter regions of the south\nand east, to permit such practice to be deemed proof of Jewish descent,\nunless corroborated by other customs peculiar to the Jews. Besides the\nphysiological characteristics of the native Australians preclude us from\ndeducing their natural descent from either the _Jews_ or the ten tribes.\n\nT.J. BUCKTON.\n\nLichfield.\n\n[Footnote 3: The opprobrious name of Christ amongst the Jews is Jesus son\nof Sadta, which Gozani may have mistaken for Sirach; indeed,--the Chinese\npronunciation of Hebrew is quite peculiar, as they cannot pronounce, for\ninstance, the letters _b_, _r_, _th_, naming them respectively _p_, _l_,\n_z_.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPOETICAL TAVERN SIGNS.\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 242. 452.)\n\nI made a note of the following specimen of poetical tavern sign, in one of\nMr. Mark Lemon's Supplements to _The Illustrated London News_ (Dec. 27,\n1851). I here transcribe it to add to MR. WARDE'S collection:\n\n    \"The following is a literal copy of a sign conspicuously displayed in\n    front of a small public-house in the village of Folkesworth,[4] near\n    Stilton, Hunts. It contains as much poetry as, perhaps, the rustic\n    Folkesworth folks are worth; and doubtless they think it to be (in the\n    Stilton vernacular) 'quite the cheese:'\n\n        [A rude figure of a Fox.]\n\n     'I . HAM . A . CUNEN . FOX\n      YOU . SEE . THER . HIS\n      NO . HARME . ATCHED\n      TO . ME . IT . IS . MY . MRS.\n      WISH . TO . PLACE . ME\n      HERE . TO . LET . YOU . NO\n      HE . SELS . GOOD . BEERE.'\n\n    \"The Captain Rawlinson of the district has deciphered this inscription,\n    and conjectures its meaning to be as follows:\n\n     'I am a cunning fox, you see;\n      There is no harm attach'd to me;\n      It is my master's wish to place me here,\n      To let you know he sells good beer.'\"\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n[Footnote 4: It was in the lane between Folkesworth and the Norman Cross\nBarracks, that Borrow was first induced to try the gipsy life. (Vide\n_Lavengro_.)]\n\n{627}\n\nBradford:\n\n \"Who lives here? who do you think?\n  Major Lister: give him a drink.\n  Give him a drink--for why?\n  Because, when he's sweeping,\n    He's always dry.\"\n\n \"John Thompson doth live here,\n  He sweeps your chimney not too dear.\n  And if your chimney should get on fire,\n  He puts it out at your desire.\n  Sweep that chimney clean,\n  And then come down and drink.\"\n\nThe public-houses to which the above are appended are kept by sweeps.\n\n \"Call here, my boy, if you are dry.\n  The fault's in you, and not in I.\n  If Robin Hood from home is gone,\n  Step in and drink with Little John.\"\n\nThe name of the public-house is \"The Robin Hood.\"\n\nOver another tavern door I noticed the following very pithy and brief\nsentence:\n\n    \"Tobacco given away to-morrow.\"\n\nCHARLES WILLISON.\n\nBradford, Yorkshire.\n\nA sign at Newhouse, a small public-house on Dartmoor, hard by a\nrabbit-warren, on the roadside leading from Moreton to Tavistock, six miles\nfrom the former town. John Roberts was the worthy landlord some\nconsiderable time since. It ran thus:\n\n \"John Roberts lives here,\n  Sells brandy and beer,\n  Your spirits to cheer;\n  And should you want meat,\n  To make up the treat,\n  There be rabbits to eat.\"\n      (A verbatim copy.)\n\nA swinging sign on the front of a public-house on the borders of Dartmoor\ncould once boast of like following quaint invitations.\n\nThe side presented to view, prior to entering the wild waste, underneath a\nrude painting of a weary traveller in a storm, had the following rude\ncouplet:\n\n \"Before the wild moor you venture to pass,\n  Pray step within and take a glass.\"\n\nThe attempt at poetry on the reverse side, below a highly-coloured daub\nrepresenting a Christmas fire on the hearth, surrounded by a goodly band of\njolly fellows, read thus:\n\n \"Now that the bleak moor you've safely got over,\n  Do stop a while, your spirits to recover.\"\n\nOver the door of a spirit and beer shop at the lower end of Market or High\nStreet, Plymouth, may be seen the following very salutary aid disinterested\npiece of advice. It is printed in the triangle formed by the spread of a\ngigantic pair of compasses, which gives name to the house:\n\n \"Keep within compass,\n    And then you'll be sure,\n  To avoid many troubles,\n    That others endure.\"\n\nThe house is located near the quay; and it is devoutly to be wished that\nthe jolly tars of the neighbourhood, who make it a constant place of\nresort, would profit by its wise counsel.\n\nH. H. H.\n\nThere is (or was some two or three years since) at Coopersale, in Essex, a\nsign-board in front of the \"Queen Victoria\" (only a beer-house by the way),\nwith these lines:\n\n   \"The Queen some day,\n    May pass this way,\n  And see our Tom and Jerry;\n    Perhaps she'll stop,\n    And stand a drop,\n  To make her subjects merry.\"\n\nOn the other side are some different lines, which I forget.\n\n  ALEXANDER ANDREWS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n1. At Overseal, Leicestershire:\n\n \"Robin Hood is\n  Dead and gone:\n  Pray call, and drink\n  With Little John.\"\n\n2. The sign of \"The Bee Hive,\" in Birmingham and other places:\n\n \"Within this Hive, we're all alive,\n    Good liquor makes us funny:\n  If you are dry, step in and try,\n    The flavour of our honey.\"\n\n3. The sign of \"The Gate\" (of frequent occurrence):\n\n \"The Gate hangs well,\n    And hinders none;\n  Refresh and pay,\n    And travel on.\"\n\nT. H. KERSLEY, B.A.\n\nAudlem, Nantwich.\n\nIn King Street, Norwich, at the sign of \"The Waterman,\" kept by a man who\nis a barber, and over whose door is the pole, are these lines:\n\n \"Roam not from pole to pole,\n    But step in here;\n  Where nought exceeds the shaving,\n    But the beer.\"\n\nJ. L. S.\n\nThere used to be at a small roadside inn, between Wetherby and Borobridge\n(Yorkshire), at a place called Ninivy, the following inscription; {628}\nwhether or not it is still in existence I cannot say:\n\n \"At Nineveh, where dwelt Old Toby,\n  Pray stop and drink before you go by.\"\n\nC. I. R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE CURFEW.\n\n    (Vol. ii., pp. 103. 175. 189. 311.; Vol. iv., p. 240.; Vol. vi., pp.\n    53. 112.; Vol. vii., pp. 167. 530.; Vol. viii., p. 603.)\n\nThe curfew is still rung at Kidderminster at eight o'clock. It is the\nannual custom there, on a certain night, to continue the ringing for one\nhour, a sum of money having been left for that purpose as a thank-offering\nto God, for the curfew having been the means of saving a person from\ndestruction. This person had lost his way on his return from Bridgenorth\nFair, and when (as he afterwards discovered) on the point of falling from a\ngreat height, the sound of the Kidderminster curfew caused him to retrace\nhis steps and regain the road. A five o'clock morning bell is also rung at\nKidderminster. This and the curfew bell have been rung for many years past\nby \"Blind William,\" who, notwithstanding his total blindness, finds his way\nalong the streets that lead from his house to the church, and gains the\nbelfry with the greatest ease. So well is he acquainted with the path to\nchurch, that he may be seen to turn the corners of the streets in as\ndecided a manner as if his wide-open eyes were endowed with sight; and,\nwith similar facility, he unlocks the gates and church doors. It is curious\nto see him on the dark winter evenings, apparently guiding his steps by the\nlight of a lanthorn, which he probably carries in order to prevent careless\npeople, who are blessed with sight, from running against him. Like most (if\nnot all) blind people, he has an extraordinary ear for music, and will\nquickly reproduce on his violin any tune that may have caught his fancy. At\nthis present festive period, a Kidderminster Christmas would lack one of\nits component parts, were Blind Willie and his fiddle not there to add to\nthe harmony of the kindly season. During the month preceding Christmas, he\npromenades the streets at untimely hours, and draws from his old fiddle all\nthe music which it is capable of giving forth. Indeed, Blind Willie may be\nconsidered (in Kidderminster at least) as the harbinger of Christmas, for\nhe warns the inhabitants of its approach, long before the ordinary \"waits\"\nhave taken their ordinary measures for the same purpose. And when Christmas\nDay is past and gone, he makes house-to-house visitation for the\nChristmas-box which is to be the reward of his \"early minstrelsy.\"\n\nThe curfew is rung at Bewdley in Worcestershire.\n\nAt Durham the curfew is rung (on the great bell of the cathedral) at nine\no'clock. It is therefore of the same use to the students of the University\nof Durham as \"Tom\" is to the students of the University of Oxford, viz. it\nmarks the closing of the college gates.\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Photographic Engraving._--I inclose a copy of a little book for your\ninspection, which is remarkable only in this, that the illustrations are\nproduced by photography. The general theory of the method is this: a piece\nof glass is covered with a uniform thin coating of some substance, so as to\nbe opaque or semi-opaque (the substance should be light coloured), and a\ndesign is etched on it with a needle. From this _negative_ positive\npictures are printed photographically.\n\nAs to details, the prints of the mice (p. 46.) and the cat (p. 37.) are\nfrom a glass coated with iodized collodion rendered sensitive, exposed to\nfaint light for a short time and developed. In this method, the glass\nshould be heated; and the collodion _burnished_ with the hand, to make it\nadhere well.[5] The owl (p. 22.) and the stork (p. 10.) are from a glass\ncoated with iodized collodion \"rendered sensitive\" only, and not developed\nso as to be only semi-opaque. On this high lights were put with opaque\nwhite, and darks were etched out. This has the effect of a tinted\nlithograph, but requires much more care in printing than the former method,\nin order to hit the right tint; so much so, that I have usually printed the\nstork faintly so as not to show the \"tint\" at all. The frontispiece is from\na paper negative, a method much more troublesome and tedious than either of\nthe others, both in preparation of the negative and in printing.\n\nI have lately tried gilt glass to etch upon. This would be excellent, were\nit not most painful to the eyes. And more than two years ago, I prepared a\nnegative by painting whites with water colour on transparent glass with\nmoderate success.\n\nI have recently received from Rome a positive printed from a negative on\nsmoked glass, the subject being a mule's head. Of all the methods I have\ntried, the best is the first mentioned; and it seems to me easier than any\nspecies of engraving.\n\nQuery, What is the best coating for the glass; and what will be the cost of\nprinting on a great scale, as compared with woodcut, lithograph, &c.; in\nwhich must be included the cost of the skilled workman which will be saved\nby this method?\n\nHUGH BLACKBURN.\n\n    [When we add that the work referred to is an edition of _The History of\n    Little Downey_, that the prints in it are executed by a lady, and\n    printed at home by the photographic process, and that a limited number\n    of copies may be had on application to Messrs. {629} Constable and Co.\n    of Edinburgh, the sale being for the benefit of the Glasgow Ragged\n    School, we have no doubt many of our readers will be glad to secure\n    copies, and help to forward the good work which its publication is\n    intended to promote.]\n\n[Footnote 5: This method was suggested to me by Professor Maconochie, who\nindeed prepared the glass on which the mice were etched.]\n\n_Collodion Negatives._--Allow me to communicate a sure and simple way of\ndarkening collodion positives for printing. It was shown to me by a friend\nof mine; and not having seen it in your \"N. & Q.,\" I have undertaken to lay\nit before your readers, hoping that it may be found useful to many\nbeginners.\n\nAfter having developed your picture, as a positive, with protosulphate of\niron and nitric acid, wash it well from the developing fluid, and keep it\non one end that all the water may drop from the plate. Then take three\nparts of a concentrated solution of gallic acid, and one part of a nitrate\nof silver solution, 60 grains to the ounce of water; mix together, and pour\non the plate. The picture will gradually begin to blacken; and after half\nan hour or more, you will obtain a sufficient density for printing a\npositive on paper.\n\nEvery one who will take the trouble to try it will be sure to succeed. Of\nall the ways to blackening a picture for printing I have tried, not\nexcepting Professor Maconochie's method with chloride of gold and muriate\nof ammonia, the surest I find is the one which I have laid before you. Just\ntry it, and you will be glad with the result.\n\nF. M. (a Maltese.)\n\nMalta, Valetta.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n\"_London Labour and the London Poor_\" (Vol. viii., p. 527.).--I beg to\ninform MR. GANTILLON that the above work is discontinued. The parts\nentitled \"Those that will work\" and \"Those that cannot work\" have been\ncompleted, and form a valuable book; but the discontinuance of the third\npart is no loss at all, for in commencing upon \"Those that will not work,\"\nMr. Mayhew began with a history of prostitution in ancient and modern\ntimes, a subject which did not possess the novelty or originality of his\nother divisions, and consequently his readers fell off so fast that he was\nforced first to raise the price of, and afterwards to discontinue\naltogether, the publication. Probably, if he had confined himself to\ntreating the London prostitutes as he did the costermongers, the work would\nhave been completed, and would then have formed a complete encyclop\u00e6dia of\nLondon Labour and the London Poor.\n\nARTHUR C. WILSON.\n\nBrompton.\n\n_Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric_ (Vol. viii., p. 407.).--Your\ncorrespondent MR. WELD TAYLOR seems to possess the first rude draught of\nthe following beautiful piece by Felicia Hemans, entitled, \"The Elfin\nCall,\" a duet sung by Miss A. Williams and Miss M. Williams, Miss Messent\nand Miss Dolby, Mrs. A. Newton and Miss Lanza, Miss Cubitt and Miss Porter,\nMrs. Aveling Smith and Miss Sara Flower, Miss Emma Lucombe and Miss Eliza\nBirch, Miss Turner and Miss E. Turner. The music by Stephen Glover:\n\n \"Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet,\n  Come to the dingles where fairies meet;\n  Know that the lilies have spread their bells\n  O'er all the pools in our forest dells;\n  Come away, under arching bows we'll float,\n  Making each urn a fairy boat;\n  We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free,\n  And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be.\n  And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low,\n  It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow;\n  As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh,\n  Or water-drops train'd into melody,\n  And a star from the depth of each pearly cup,\n  A golden star into heav'n looks up,\n  As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie,\n  Set in the blue of the summer sky.\"\n\nJ. YEOWELL.\n\n_Sir Arthur Aston_ (Vol. viii., pp. 126. 302.).--Though unable to inform\nCHARTHAM and A READER in what part of the co. of Berks the above cavalier\nresided during the interval of time named by the former, I think I can\nstate the connexion, by marriage only, between the Tattersall and Aston\nfamilies: I believe it will be found that they were not \"nearly related.\"\n\nThomas Howard, fourth duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Mary Fitzalan,\nhad Philip (_jure matris_), Earl of Arundel, who died 1595 attainted, and\nwas succeeded by Thomas, created Earl of Norfolk. This last was father of\nHenry Frederick and grandfather of Charles Howard, of Greystock Castle, who\nmarried Mary, eldest daughter and coheiress of George Tattersall, of West\nCourt, Finchampstead, and Stapleford, co. Wilts.\n\nCharles Howard, as above, was the fourth brother of Henry, sixth Duke of\nNorfolk, which last was grandfather (through Thomas, his son, of Worksop)\nof Mary Howard, who married Walter Aston, fourth Baron Aston, of Forfar, in\nScotland.\n\nH. C. C.\n\nI furnished a memoir of this famous soldier to the _Gentleman's Magazine_\nin 1833 or 1834.\n\nG. STEINMAN STEINMAN.\n\n_Grammar in relation to Logic_ (Vol. viii., p. 514).--MR. INGLEBY evidently\nhas but a superficial view of this doctrine, which is not only Dr.\nLatham's, but one, I apprehend, pretty well known to every Oxford\nundergraduate, viz. that, logically, _conjunctions connect propositions,\nnot words_. By way of proving the falsity of it (which he says is\ndemonstrable), he bids Dr. Latham \"resolve this sentence: _All men are\neither two-legged, one-legged, or no-legged_:\" and adds, \"It cannot be\ndone.\" I may inform him that the three categorical propositions, \"A man is\ntwo-legged, or he is {630} one-legged, or he is no-legged,\" connected by\ntheir several copulas, are equivalent to and co-extensive with the\ndisjunctive proposition which he instances.\n\nMR. INGLEBY quotes Boole's _Mathematical (?) Analysis of Logic_ in support\nof his opinion; but, from the following specimen of that work, it does not\nappear to be much of an authority. The author says:\n\n    \"The proposition, Every animal is either rational or irrational, cannot\n    be resolved into, Either every animal is rational or every animal is\n    irrational. The former belongs to pure categoricals, the latter to\n    hypotheticals.\"\n\nNow the first sentence of this passage is an absurd truism; but the\nproposition in question can be resolved into--An animal is rational or it\nis irrational. Again, \"the former does _not_ belong to pure categoricals,\"\nit is simply disjunctive. MR. INGLEBY falls into the same error, and\nmoreover seems not to be aware that a disjunctive proposition is at the\nsame time hypothetical.\n\nLogically speaking, a conjunction implies two propositions; and, strictly,\nconnects propositions only. To say that conjunctions connect words, may be\ntrue in a certain sense; but it is a very superficial and loose mode of\nstating the matter.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n----Rectory, Hereford.\n\n_Descendants of Milton_ (Vol. viii., p. 339.).--I have in the course of my\nlife met with or heard of more than once or twice, people of the same\nnames, and those very uncommon ones, who were in no way related to each\nother; nevertheless, I venture to tell your correspondent J. F. M. that\nabout twenty years ago there was living the skipper of a coasting vessel,\ntrading between Bridport and London, named Caleb Clark. He or his family\nare probably living at Bridport now.\n\n[Greek: Alpha].\n\n_Pronunciation of Bible Names_ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--The clerk of a\nretired parish in North-west Devon, who had to read the first lesson\nalways, used to make a hash of Shadrac, Meshac, and Abednego; and as the\nnames are twelve times repeated in the third chapter of Daniel, after\ngetting through them the first time, he called them \"the aforesaid\ngentlemen\" afterwards.\n\nW. COLLYNS.\n\nHarlow.\n\n_Henry I.'s Tomb_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--I fancy that the much mooted\nquestion, as to the existence of a monumental tomb over the remains of King\nHenry I. in Reading Abbey, may at once be set at rest by referring to\nTanner's _Notitia Monastica_, edit. 1744, in the second column of p. 15.:\nwhere it is evident that a tomb and an effigy of King Henry I. had once\nexisted; that they had both fallen into decay; and that, in the time of\nKing Richard II., the Abbot of Reading was required to repair both the tomb\nand the effigy of King Henry the founder, who was there buried, within the\nspace of one year, as the condition on which the charters were to be\nconfirmed:\n\n\"Cart. 5 & 6 Ric. II. n. 24.; Pat. 8 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 18. Pat. 16 Ric. II.\np. 1. m. 38.; Pat. 21 Ric. II. p. 3. m. 16. Confirm. Libertatum, modo Abbas\ninfra unum Annum honeste repararet Tumbam et Imaginem _R. Henrici_\nFundatoris, ibidem humati.\"\n\nI. T. A.\n\n_Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.): _Chandler, Bishop of\nDurham_ (Vol. viii, p. 331.).--I may perhaps \"kill two birds with one\nstone,\" by reminding MESSRS. GATTY and NEWBURN that the Bishops of Durham\nwere formerly _Princes of the Palatinate_. It was probably in that capacity\nthat Bishop Chandler delivered a charge to the Grand Jury, and Bishop\nBarington licensed a meeting-house bell. This latter prelate was, I\nbelieve, the last who exercised the functions of that high office.\n\nWM. HAZEL.\n\n_Return of Gentry, temp. Henry VI._ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--The return of\n12th Henry VI. is printed in Fuller's _Worthies_, under each county.\n\nG. STEINMAN STEINMAN.\n\nI read in Fuller's _Worthies_, edit. Nuttall, vol. i. p. 60.:\n\n    \"A later list might be presented of the English gentry towards the end\n    of the reign of King Henry VIII.\"\n\nDoes this list exist in any of our record offices?\n\nAnd has it ever been printed?\n\nTEWARS.\n\n_Peter Allan_ (Vol. viii., p. 539.).--Your correspondent E. C. will find\nmuch interesting information respecting this person in an account of him\nreprinted from the _Sunderland and Durham County Herald_, and published\n(1848) by Vint and Carr, Sunderland, under the title of _Marsden Rock, or\nthe Story of Peter Allan, and Marsden Marine Grotto_. He, his wife, eight\nchildren, and aged father and mother, are there described as being in a\nvery flourishing condition: and (if I remember rightly) I saw them all,\nwhen I last visited the rock in 1850.\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n_Burial in an Erect Posture_ (Vol. viii., p. 5.).--The following passage,\nwhich I quote from Hearne's _Collection of Antiquarian Discourses_, vol. i.\np. 212., may perhaps prove acceptable to CHEVERELLS, as showing (on\ntraditional authority) that this mode of burial was anciently adopted in\nthe case of captains in the army:\n\n    \"For them above the grounde buryed, I have by tradition heard, that\n    when anye notable captayne dyed in battel or campe, the souldyers used\n    to take his bodye, and to sette him on his feet _uprighte_, and put his\n    {631} launce or pike into his hand; and then his fellowe souldyers did\n    by travell everye man bringe so muche earthe, and laye aboute him as\n    should cover him, and mount up to cover the top of his pike.\"\n\nI have a very curious print in my possession, illustrating the manners and\ncustoms of the Laplanders; and, amongst the rest, their modes of burial. In\none case several bodies are represented standing in an upright posture,\nperfectly nude, with railings all round except in the front; and another,\none body is represented in a similar condition, inclosed in a kind of\nsentry-box.\n\nR. W. ELLIOTT.\n\nClifton.\n\n_The Word \"Mob\"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524. 573.).--Roger North, speaking\nof the King's Head, or Green Ribbon Club, which was \"a more visible\nadministration, mediate, as it were, between his lordship (Shaftsbury) and\nthe greater and lesser vulgar, who were to be the immediate tools,\" says:\n\n    \"I may note that the rabble first changed their title, and were called\n    _the mob_, in the assemblies of this club. It was their beast of\n    burthen, and called first _mobile vulgus_, but fell naturally into the\n    contraction of one syllable, and ever since is become proper\n    English.\"--_Examen_, part III. ch. vii. p. 89.\n\nH. GARDINER.\n\n_Gen. Sir C. Napier_ (Vol. viii., p. 490.).--I may state, for the\ninstruction of officers who think study needless in their profession, that,\nhaving enjoyed the intimate friendship of Sir C. Napier for some time\nbefore he had the command in the midland district of England, I constantly\nfound him engaged in inquiries connected with his profession. He was always\nin training. Not long before this time he had returned from Caen, in\nNormandy, and he told me that when there he had surveyed the ground on\nwhich William the Conqueror had acquired military fame before he made his\ndescent on England, and his conclusion was that that Conqueror was\nremarkably well instructed for his time in the art of war. He expressed his\nintention to write on this subject; but great events soon afterwards called\nhim to India, which became the scene of his own mastery in military and\ncivil command.\n\nT. F.\n\n_To Come_ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).--In the Lower Saxon dialect, to come is\n_camen_, and the imperfect, as in Gothic, _quam_. It would therefore seem\nthat the English _came_ is not an innovation, but a partial restoration or\npreservation of a very ancient form. (See Adelung's _W\u00f6rterbuch_.)\n\nE. C. H.\n\n_Passage in Sophocles_ (Vol. viii., pp. 73. 478.).--The Italics were\nintroduced to draw attention to the _new_ version which was adventured, \"N.\n& Q.\" being an excellent medium for such suggestions.\n\nSophocles having referred to \"an illustrious saying of some one,\" and the\nold scholiast having furnished this saying,\n\n \"[Greek: Hotan d' ho daim\u00f4n andri porsun\u00eai kaka]\n  [Greek: Ton noun eblapse pr\u00f4ton h\u00f4i bouleuetai],\"\n\nit merely became necessary to compare the form which Sophocles adopted to\nsuit his metre with the words of this \"illustrious saying,\" whence it\nappeared that--\n\n  [Greek: h\u00f4i bouleuetai  prassei d' oligoston chronon ektos atas];\n\nand therefore I could not agree with the common version \"and that he lives\nfor a brief space apart from its visitation;\" erroneous, as I submit, from\nthe adoption of Brunck's reading [Greek: prassein], instead of reading, as\nI venture to do, with Hermann, [Greek: theos agei ... prassei d'], taking\n[Greek: theos] as the nominative of both verbs.\n\nNeither the Oxford translation, Edwards's, nor Buckley's, renders [Greek:\noligoston] \"_very_ brief,\" agreeably to the admonition of the old scholiast\nto the contrary. The word \"practise\" objected to is, I submit, derived from\n[Greek: prass\u00f4], to act, through [Greek: pragma], business, and [Greek:\npraxis], practice, and is therefore the most appropriate English word,\nalthough the word \"does\" will furnish Sophocles' meaning nearly as well. I\nshall, however, be most happy to submit to correction by any classical\nscholar.\n\nT. J. BUCKTON.\n\nLichfield.\n\n_Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century_ (Vol. viii., p. 485.).--I must\nbeg of you to contradict the loose statement of JARLTZBERG at p. 486. of\nthis Volume, \"as to the object of the Church of England in _separating\nfrom_ Rome.\" Now, the Church of England did never _separate herself_ from\n_any_ Christian Church; the doctrine and discipline of the Church of\nEngland is to be found in her Book of Common Prayer. Popes Paul IV. and\nPius IV. offered to confirm this book, if Queen Elizabeth would acknowledge\nthe Pope's supremacy; and Roman Catholics in these realms habitually\nconformed to the worship of the Church of England for the first _twelve\nyears_ of Queen Elizabeth's reign, after which time they were prevented\nfrom doing so by the bull of Pius V. (dated Feb. 23, 1569), which\nexcommunicated that sovereign.\n\nSo Romanists are the separatists, and not Anglicans.\n\nTHOMAS COLLIS.\n\n_Judges styled Reverend_ (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276. 351.).--Sir Anthony\nFitzherbert was certainly not chief justice, yet in _A Letter to a\nConvocation Man_ I find him so styled:\n\n    \"I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's\n    _Abridgment_, that the Archbishop of Canterbury {632} was prohibited to\n    hold such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not\n    the King's licence; but he adds that the archbishop would not obey it,\n    and he quotes Speed for it. I shall not consult that lame historian for\n    a law-point, and it seems strange that Rolle should cite\n    him.\"--_L. C. M._, p. 38.\n\nI have not lately had an opportunity of looking into either Rolle's\n_Abridgment of Cases_, or Speed's _History of Great Britain_, but I am not\nable to discover to what event in any of Henry VIII.'s convocations\nallusion is here made. I am therefore led to think that Fitzherbert must be\na misprint, and that we should read in the above passage \"Fitz-Peter,\" and\nthat the following is the circumstance, in King John's reign, which is\nreferred to by the author of the _Letter_:\n\n    \"This year (1200), Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a National\n    Synod at Westminster, notwithstanding the prohibition of Geoffrey\n    Fitz-Peter, Earl of Essex, and Chief Justiciary of England.\"--Collier's\n    _Ecclesiastical History_, vol. i. folio, p. 410.\n\nI shall be glad if any of your readers can throw farther light on the\npassage.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_Veneration for the Oak_ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).--Since my Query upon this\nmatter appeared, I find that Mr. Layard, in his work upon _Nineveh and\nBabylon_, at p. 160., describes a cylinder of green felspar, which he\nbelieves to have been the signet of Sennacherib, and upon which is engraved\na rare mode of portraying the supreme deity, and a sacred tree, whose\nflowers are in this instance in the shape of an _acorn_. Whence did the\nAssyrians derive this veneration for a tree bearing acorns? Did they derive\nthis notion, as they did their tin, from Celtic Britain? I believe they\ndid.\n\nG. W.\n\nStansted, Montfichet.\n\n_Rapping no Novelty_ (Vol. viii., p. 512.).--De Foe, in his veracious\n_History of Mr. Duncan Campbell_ (2nd ed., p. 107.), quotes a story of\nsprit-knocking from \"the renowned and famous\" Mr. Baxter's _History of\nApparitions_, prefacing it thus:\n\n    \"What in nature can be more trivial than for a spirit to employ himself\n    in knocking on a morning at the wainscot by the bed's head of a man who\n    got drunk over night, according to the way that such things are\n    ordinarily explained? And yet I shall give you such a relation of this,\n    that not even the most devout and precise Presbyterian will offer to\n    call in question.\"\n\nAccording to De Foe, Mr. Baxter gave full credit to the story, adding many\npious reflections upon the subject, and expressing himself \"posed to think\nwhat kind of spirit this is.\"\n\nR. I. R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nParticulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the\ngentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are\ngiven for that purpose:\n\nDR. H. MORE'S PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS. Lond. 1662. Folio.\n\nHIRCHER'S MUSURGIA UNIVERSALIS. Rom\u00e6, 1650. 2 Toms. in 1. Folio.\n\n  Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street,\n      Dublin.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nORMEROD'S CHESHIRE. Parts II. and X. Small Paper.\n\nHEMMINGWAY'S CHESTER. Parts I. and III. Large Paper.\n\n  Wanted by _T. Hughes_, 13. Paradise Row, Chester.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nAARON HILL'S PLAIN DEALER.\n\nEDINBURGH MISCELLANY. Edinb. 1720.\n\n  Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI. 3 Tom. Folio. Rom\u00e6, 1728-37.\n\nTHE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose\nShorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's\nCopperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange.\n\nLOESCHER, DE LATROCINIIS, QU\u00c6 IN SCRIPTORES PUBLICOS SOLENT COMMITTERE\nH\u00c6RETICI. 4to. Vitemb. 1674.\n\nLOESCHER, ACTA REFORMATIONIS.\n\nSCHRAMM, DISSERT. DE LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM INDICIBUS. 4to. Helmst. 1708.\n\nJAMESII SPECIMEN CORRUPTELARUM PONTIFIC. 4to. Lond. 1626.\n\nMACEDO, DIATRIBE DE CARDINALIS BON\u00c6 ERRONIBUS.\n\n  Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nA MERRY CHRISTMAS TO YOU ALL, GENTLE READERS! _We trust that, in presenting\nyou this week with the curious collection of_ FOLK LORE _articles which is\nnow before you, we have done that which will be agreeable to you._\n\nA MERRY CHRISTMAS TO YOU ALL, KIND FRIENDS AND CORRESPONDENTS! _and_ THANKS\nTO YOU FOR YOUR VALUABLE CO-OPERATION. _May your Christmas logs burn\nbrightly on your hearths, and bright eyes and happy hearts surround you, at\nthis \"so hallowed and so gracious time!\"_\n\n_Being anxious to make the present Volume as complete as circumstances will\nadmit by including within its pages, as far as practicable, all Answers to\nthe Queries which have been propounded in it, we have this week omitted our\nusual_ NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. _for the purpose of making room for the\nnumerous_ REPLIES _which we have in type._\n\nE. C. H. _Your friendly suggestion is a very valuable one. There are many\ndifficulties in the way of carrying it out; but we do not despair of being\nenabled to surmount them in the course of another year or two, which we\nthink will be time enough._\n\nW. E. (Pimperne). _Your note has been forwarded._\n\nG. C._'s Reply to_ SERVIENS _will appear next week; his Query in the new\nVolume._\n\nJ. D. L. (Bristol). _The custom is almost universal. Horsehoes were found\nnailed on the celebrated Gates of Somnauth._\n\nE. H. D. D._'s wishes shall be attended to in our next._\n\nPHOTOGRAPHER. _Your complaint of the shortness of the notice of the\nproposed Exhibition is one we have heard from several quarters. Many will\nconsequently be prevented sending in pictures for exhibition by the\nimpossibility of printing them during the present unfavourable weather._\n\nINDEX TO VOLUME THE EIGHTH.--_This is in a very forward state, and will, we\ntrust, be ready for delivery with_ NO. 221. _on the 21st of January._\n\n_Errata._--Vol. viii., p. 590., for \"not in the New Testament\" read \"or of\nthe New Testament;\" and for \"read this with an accent on the antepenultima\"\nread \"read this with an accent on the penultima.\"\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{633}\n\nPrice One Guinea, in massive carved covers; or 30s. bound,\n\nPARABLES OF OUR LORD, Illuminated in the Missal Style. By HENRY NOEL\nHUMPHREYS.\n\nBy the same Illuminator, price One Guinea each,\n\n  MIRACLES OF OUR LORD.\n  MAXIMS AND PRECEPTS OF THE SAVIOUR.\n  BOOK OF RUTH.\n  RECORD OF THE BLACK PRINCE.\n  SENTIMENTS AND SIMILES OF SHAKSPEARE.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,& LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nA New Edition, in 2 vols. 8vo., with 6 Maps, price 63s.\n\nMcCULLOCH'S DICTIONARY, GEOGRAPHICAL, STATISTICAL, and HISTORICAL, of the\nWORLD.\n\n*** A New Edition of McCULLOCH'S DICTIONARY of COMMERCE will be ready in\nJANUARY.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIn 1 vol. 8vo., price 36s. cloth; or half-russia 41s.\n\nMR. A. KEITH JOHNSTON'S NEW DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY, Descriptive, Physical,\nStatistical, and Historical; forming a complete GENERAL GAZETTEER of the\nWORLD.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, in 8vo., price to the Trade, 3s. 6d.\n\nTHE TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL OF BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND\nMARRIAGES, IN ENGLAND.\n\n    London: Published for H. M. Stationery Office by MESSRS. LONGMAN,\n    BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS;\n\n    Of whom the previous REPORTS (from the FIRST to the ELEVENTH inclusive)\n    may still be had.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nLately published, in 3 vols. 8vo., price 28s.\n\nTHE SAXONS IN ENGLAND: A History of the English Commonwealth till the\nPeriod of the Norman Conquest. By JOHN M. KEMBLE, M.A. F.C.P.S.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready, in post 8vo., price 6s. 6d.\n\nLECTURES ON THE TRUE, THE BEAUTIFUL, AND THE GOOD. By M. VICTOR COUSIN.\nTranslated, with the Author's approbation, from the new and greatly\nimproved French edition, by O. W. WIGHT, Translator of Cousin's \"Course of\nthe History of Modern Philosophy.\"\n\nEdinburgh: T. & J. CLARK.\nLondon: HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE SACRED GARLAND, or THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT.\n\n\"Pluck a Flower.\"\n\nA New Edition of the above excellent and popular work will shortly be\npublished in large type, crown 8vo., and may be obtained of any respectable\nbookseller in town or country.\n\nMILNER & SOWERBY. HALIFAX.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHEAP EDITION OF THE LIVES OF THE QUEENS.\n\n    NOTICE.--With the Magazines, on the 1st of January, will be published,\n    beautifully printed in post 8vo., Embellished with FOURTEEN PORTRAITS,\n    including that of the Author, price 7s. 6d. elegantly bound. The FIRST\n    VOLUME of a NEW and CHEAP EDITION of the\n\nLIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND. By AGNES STRICKLAND.\n\nThis NEW and CHEAP EDITION, embellished with PORTRAITS of every QUEEN,\nengraved from the most authentic Sources, and combining all other late\nImprovements, will be regularly published and completed in EIGHT MONTHLY\nVOLUMES POST OCTAVO; containing from 600 to 700 pages each, price only 7s.\n6d. per volume, handsomely bound; and those who may desire to obtain Copies\non the Day of Publication, are requested to send their Orders immediately\nto their respective Booksellers.\n\n    Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13.\n    Great Marlborough Street, London; and to be had of all Booksellers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHAMBERS'S JOURNAL of POPULAR LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ARTS.\n\nThe Second Series of CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL, will close with No. 523.\non December 31, and the First Number of a\n\nNEW PERIODICAL,\n\nwith the above title, will be issued on Saturday, 7th January, 1854.\nResembling the existing Work in its external form, the new one will exhibit\nsuch fresh features as will afford, it is hoped, a pledge of the wishes of\nMESSRS. CHAMBERS to adapt their efforts to the improving tastes of the age.\nIn particular there will be presented a higher class of Fiction, commencing\nwith a\n\nTALE OF MODERN LIFE,\n\nby MR. LEITCH RITCHIE, which will be continued in weekly chapters till\ncompleted; also a\n\nMONTHLY REVIEW OF THE LIBRARY AND STUDIO,\n\nin addition to a Monthly Record, still more carefully drawn up than\nformerly, of the\n\nPROGRESS OF SCIENCE AND THE USEFUL ARTS.\n\nAmong expected contributions of importance, may be mentioned a series of\nArticles on\n\nTHINGS AS THEY ARE IN AMERICA,\n\nby MR. WILLIAM CHAMBERS, who is at present travelling in the United States\nand Canada, for the purpose of personal inquiry observation.\n\nIt will be the constant study of the Editors to maintain in the New Work\nall those general features which for Twenty-two Years have given their\nJournal its extensive popularity--a cheerful Light Literature,\ncomprehensive Information, sound Ethics, and enlightened views of a\nProgressive Social Economy, without the admixture of controversial matter\nof any kind.\n\n  Issued in Weekly Numbers, at 1\u00bdd.\n  -------- Monthly Parts. at 7d. and 8\u00bdd.\n  -------- Half-yearly Volumes. at 4s. 6d.\n\nThe Second Series of CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL will form complete work,\nin Twenty Handsome Volumes, well adapted for Popular as well as Private\nLibraries, for Emigrants, and for Presents; price 3l. 7s. in sheets, or 4l.\n10s. bound in cloth. Price of each volume separately, in cloth, 4s. 6d.\n\n    Published by W.& R. CHAMBERS, 3. Bride Passage, Fleet Street, London.\n    and 339. High Street. Edinburgh; J. McGLASHAN, Dublin; H. CAMPBELL,\n    Glasgow; and all Booksellers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis Day, Fourth and Cheaper Edition, 3 vols. 10s.\n\nTHE HEIR OF REDCLYFFE. By the Author of \"Henrietta's Wish,\" \"The Kings of\nEngland,\" &c.\n\nLondon: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNEW AND COMPLETE EDITION OF MR. BURKE'S WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE.\n\nIn 8 vols. 8vo., price 4l. 4s.\n\nTHE WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF THE RIGHT HON. EDMUND BURKE.\n\nThis Edition contains.--1. MR. BURKE'S CORRESPONDENCE between the year 1744\nand his decease in 1797 (first Published from the original MSS. in 1844, by\nEarl Fitswilliam and Sir Richard Bourke), containing numerous Historical\nand Biographical Notes and original Letters from the leading Statesmen of\nthe period, and forming an Autobiography of this celebrated Writer.--2. The\nWORKS of MR. BURKE, as edited by his Literary Executor, the late Bishop of\nRochester. (This Edition includes the whole of the contents of the former\nEditions published in 20 vols., at the price of 9l. 5s.)\n\nRIVINGTONS, Waterloo PLACE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis Day is published price 4s.,\n\nELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL AND CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY, comprising the Geography of\nthe Ancient World in so far as it is subservient to the understanding of\nthe Classics.\n\nWith an Introduction, containing--\n\n1. A POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, and Suggestions as to the best\nmode of teaching Geography.--2. An OUTLINE of the GEOLOGICAL HISTORY of the\nGLOBE.--3. A DIGEST of all that is known of the PROPERTIES and RELATIONS of\nthe HEAVENLY BODIES, arranged in a Tabular Series. By PROFESSOR PILLANS, of\nthe University of Edinburgh.\n\nWILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS. Edinburgh and London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nHERALDIC ILLUSTRATIONS, &c. By A. P. HARRISON.\n\n    The following Works illustrative of English History, Genealogy, &c.,\n    may be had of the Author and Designer. No. 30. Gilbert Street.\n    Grosvenor Square, at the prices set against the respective works.\n    Copies will be forwarded, Post Free, on Receipt of a Post Office Order\n    for the amount.\n\nI. Roll of Arms granted by Henry III. as Hereditary Bearings to the\nNobility. Price, in colours, 1l. 10s. 6d. Emblazoned in gold, 2l. 2s.\n\nII. Roll of Arms granted by Edward I. as Hereditary Bearings to the Knights\nCompanions at the Siege of Karlaverock, A.D. 1300. Price, in colours, 15s.\n6d. Emblazoned in gold, 21s.\n\nIII. Roll of Arms granted by Richard II. to his Nobility, A.D. 1377. Price,\nin colours. 4l. 14s. 6d. Emblazoned in gold, 6l. 6s.\n\nIV. Roll of Arms of all the Knights of the Garter from their Installation\nPlates at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, &c. Price, in colours, 15l.\n15s. Emblazoned in gold, 21l.\n\nV. Facsimile of Magna Charta, with Arms of the Barons.\n\nVI. Genealogy of Sovereigns of England from Egbert, with their Arms, &c.\nPrice, coloured, 21s. Emblazoned in gold, 1l. 11s. 6d.\n\nVII. Facsimiles of the Warrant for the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots and\nof King Charles I. Price, on parchment, 2s. 6d. each. On vellum paper, 1s.\n6d. each.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSCIENCE OF ARCHERY, showing its Affinity to Heraldry, &c. By A. P.\nHARRISON, Author of \"Treatise on the Formation of the English\nConstitution,\" &c. 8vo. Price 3s. 6d.\n\nA. P. HARRISON, 30. Gilbert Street, Grosvenor Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{634} QUEENWOOD COLLEGE,\n\nNEAR STOCKBRIDGE, HANTS.\n\n_Principal_--GEORGE EDMONDSON.\n\n_Mathematics and Natural Philosophy._--Dr. Thos. A. Hirst, of the\nUniversities of Marburg and Berlin.\n\n_Chemistry._--Dr. H. Debus, late Assistant in the Laboratory of Professor\nBunsen, and Chemical Lecturer in the University of Marburg.\n\n_Classics and History._--Mr. John S. Mummery, L. C. P.\n\n_Modern Languages and Foreign Literature._--Mr. John Haas, from M. de\nFellenberg's Institution, Hofwyl, Switzerland.\n\n_Geodesy._--Mr. Richard P. Wright.\n\n_Painting and Drawing._--Mr. Richard P. Wright.\n\n_English, and Junior Mathematics._--Mr. William Singleton.\n\nDITTO.--Mr. Edwin Coombes.\n\n_Music._--Mr. William Cornwall.\n\nTERMS.\n\n  For Boys under 12 years of age       40l. per ann.\n       \"   from 12 to 16               50      \"\n       \"   above 16                    60      \"\n\nFor further information see Prospectus, to be had of the Principal.\n\nThe First Session of 1854 commences on the 19th of January.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHRISTMAS PRESENTS.--EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY.\n\nAMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and\nPortable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s.,\n63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6d. \"Illustrated Descriptive\nCatalogue\" forwarded Free for Stamp.\n\n    WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist. 29c. Rotherfield Street,\n    Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWINTER EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHY.--An entirely New Collection of\nPhotographic Pictures, including Mr. Robertson's Views of Constantinople;\nM. Martin's Magnificent Scenery among the Glaciers of Switzerland; and Mr.\nDelamotte's Progress of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham; is now open.\nAdmission 6d.\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,\n166. New Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.--Containing Colours, Pencils. &c., with\nprinted directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price 5s.\n\n    MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at\n    her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 Guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPOPULAR SCIENCE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNEW WORK BY PROFESSOR JOHNSTON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE CHEMISTRY OF COMMON LIFE.\n\nBy JAMES F. W. JOHNSTON, M.A. F.R.SS. L. & E., &c.\n\nAuthor of \"Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology,\" \"A Catechism of\nAgricultural Chemistry,\" &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIt is the object of the Author to exhibit in this Work the present\nCondition of Chemical Knowledge and mastered Scientific Opinion upon the\nsubjects it treats of. The reader will not be surprised, therefore, should\nhe find in it some things which differ from what is to be found in other\nPopular Works already in his hands, or on the shelves of his Library.\n\nIt will be issued in MONTHLY NUMBERS, in the following order:\n\n  1.--The AIR we Breathe.\n  The WATER we Drink.\n\n  2.--The SOIL we Cultivate.\n  The PLANT we Rear.\n\n  3.--The BREAD we Eat.\n  The BEEF we Cook.\n\n  4.--The BEVERAGES we Infuse.\n\n  5.--The SWEETS we Extract.\n      The LIQUORS we Ferment.\n\n  6.--The NARCOTICS we Indulge in.\n\n  7.--The ODOURS we Enjoy.       The SMELLS we Dislike.\n\n  8.--What we BREATHE and\n        BREATHE For.\n      What, How, and Why we\n       Digest.\n\n  9.--The BODY we Cherish.\n      The CIRCULATION of\n        MATTER, a Recapitulation.\n\n*** Nos. 1 & 2. are published, price Sixpence each.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSURREY ARCH\u00c6OLOGICAL SOCIETY.\n\nPRESIDENT.--His Grace the Duke of Norfolk.\n\nGentlemen desiring to join the Society, are informed that Copies of the\nRules, List of Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Application for\nAdmission, may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary.\n\n                               \u00a3   s.\n  Annual Subscription          0   10\n  Composition for Life         5    0\n\nOn and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee of 10s. will be required,\nfrom which those Members who join the Society during the present month will\nbe exempt.\n\n      GEORGE BISH WEBB,\n              Honorary Secretary.\n  46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO ANTIQUITARIES AND SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.\n\nTHE REV. J. G. CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-Principal of King William\nCollege, Castletown, who is engaged in the Preparation of a Work on the\nMonumental Remains of the Isle of Man, is superintending the labours of an\nItalian Artist in taking Casts of the most beautiful and important Runic\nCrosses, to be placed in the Insular Museum at the College: Parties\ndesiring Duplicates may obtain full particulars of cost, &c. by application\nas above.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nASSYRIAN LANGUAGE.\n\nREV. DR. E. HINCKS would dispose of a number of Books and MSS. connected\nwith the Assyrian Language, and would also give _viv\u00e2 voce_ Instruction\ntherein to a Gentleman who may be willing to devote himself to this\nimportant Study: and who, from his age, antecedents, and present position,\nmay appear to him likely to succeed in it. Apply to him at the Rectory,\nKillyleagh, Co. Down, before the 21st January.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s.\n\nNOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the\n\"Microscopic Cabinet.\" By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.\n\nAlso in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21s., or coloured, 36s.\n\nA HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES. Living and Fossil, containing\nDescriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of\nprocuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By\nANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.\n\n    \"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information\n    concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist\n    should add it to his library.\"--_Silliman's Journal._\n\nAlso, price 8s. 6d.,\n\nMICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes;\nEye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c.\n\nAlso, edited by the same, price 18s.,\n\nENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts,\nManufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of this\ncentury.\n\nWHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE MOST COMFORTABLE CHRISTMAS PRESENT is HEAL & SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILT. It\nis the warmest, the Highest and the most elegant Covering, suitable for the\nBed, the Couch, or the Carriage; and for Invalids, its comfort cannot be\ntoo highly appreciated. It is made in Three Varieties, of which a large\nAssortment can be seen at their Establishment. List of Prices of the above,\ntogether with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free by Post.\n\nHEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{635}\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.\n  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,\n      Esq.\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       \u00a3   s.  d. | Age       \u00a3   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8\n   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6\n   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSolicitors' & General Life Assurance Society,\n\n52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n_Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:\n\nThe Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.\n\nExemption of the Assured from all Liability.\n\nPremiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.\n\nParticipating and Non-Participating Premiums.\n\nIn the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided\namongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum\nassured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.\n\nNo deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on\nCapital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.\n\nPOLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud.\n\nAt the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of\nnearly TWO PER CENT. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of\nfrom THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_.\n\nPOLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid.\n\nNext DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.\n\nThe Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurance may be effected by\napplying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of\nthe Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be\nobtained.\n\nCHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nXYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic\nEstablishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally\nacknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal\nscientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no\npreparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect\npictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where\na quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in\nseparate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for for years, and Exported\nto any Climate. Full instructions for use.\n\nCAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD\nW. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.\n\nCYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. The Genuine\nis made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this\nSignature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL,\nManufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of all\nrespectable Chemists, in pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through\nMESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95.\nFarringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.\n\nA COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4l. 4s., containing an Expanding Camera,\nwith warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable Stand,\nPressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete.\n\nPORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1l. 12s. 6d.\n\nLANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25s.\n\nA GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1s., by post free, 1s. 6d.\n\nFrench Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10s. 6d. A large assortment of\nSTEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen,\nat equally low prices.\n\nACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES.\n\nBeautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest improvement\nand apparatus, complete from 3l. 15s., at\n\n    C. BAKER'S, Optical and Mathematical Instrument Warehouse, 244. High\n    Holborn (opposite Day & Martin's).\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most\ncelebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of\nthe principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A\nPortrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra\nCopies for 10s.\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,\n168. NEW BOND STREET.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,\nis superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,\nfrom its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,\nits Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or\nPortraits.--The Trade supplied.\n\nEvery Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,\n&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,\nIslington.\n\nNew Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,\nby an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,\nthey may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any\nother hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and\nappreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.\n\nApparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of\nPhotography. Instruction in the Art.\n\nTHE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. Hockin. Price 1s., per\nPost. 1s. 2d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nVIEWS IN LONDON.\n\nSTEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES.\n\nBLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT\nMAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and\nin various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of\nSTEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAGUERREOTYPE on PAPER, and\nTRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris,\nthe Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth\nin the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled.\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.\n\n*** \"Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena\" sent on Application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of\nupwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,\nLadies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and\nother travelling requisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on\nreceipt of Two Stamps.\n\nMESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their\nTravelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new\nPortmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles\nof the kind ever produced.\n\nJ. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nW. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of\nIndices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are\ngreatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in\nAntiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches\namong the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or\nother Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,\nHistory, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had\nconsiderable experience.\n\n1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{636}\n\nLITERARY GIFT BOOKS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE FOLLOWING MAY NOW BE HAD:--\n\nI.\n\nBYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. 30s.\n\nII.\n\nBYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and Vignette.\n12s.\n\nIII.\n\nBYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. In Eight Pocket Volumes. 20s.\n\nIV.\n\nBYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD. Illustrated by a Portrait of Ada and 30 Vignettes.\n10s. 6d.\n\nV.\n\nBYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. 6 vols. 18s.\n\nVI.\n\nBYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. Complete in One Volume, with Portraits and\nVignette. 12s.\n\nVII.\n\nCRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. 24s.\n\nVIII.\n\nCRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and\nVignettes. 10s. 6d.\n\nIX.\n\nBISHOP HEBER'S INDIAN JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10s.\n\nX.\n\nBISHOP HEBER'S POEMS. With Portrait. 7s. 6d.\n\nXI.\n\nMILMAN'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 3 vols. 18s.\n\nXII.\n\nMILMAN'S WORKS OF HORACE. Illustrated with 300 Vignettes by Scharf. 21s.\n\nXIII.\n\nMILMAN'S LIFE OF HORACE. With Woodcuts. 9s.\n\nXIV.\n\nLOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS. 2s. 6d.\n\nXV.\n\nLOCKHART'S LIFE OF ROBERT BURNS. 3s.\n\nXVI.\n\nCROKER'S BOSWELL'S JOHNSON. Complete in One Volume. Portraits. 15s.\n\nXVII.\n\nREJECTED ADDRESSES. With Portrait and Woodcuts. 5s.\n\nXVIII.\n\nALLAN CUNNINGHAM'S POEMS AND SONGS. With Woodcuts. 2s. 6d.\n\nXIX.\n\nSIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S CONSOLATIONS. With Woodcuts. 6s.\n\nXX.\n\nSIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S SALMONIA. With Woodcuts. 6s.\n\nXXI.\n\nHALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS. 2s.\n\nXXII.\n\nBOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. With 1000 Woodcuts, Initials, and Coloured Borders.\n21s.\n\nXXIII.\n\nSOUTHEY'S BOOK OF THE CHURCH. 12s.\n\nXXIV.\n\nWILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. With 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. 12s.\n\nXXV.\n\nBRAY'S LIFE OF STOTHARD. Illustrated with Portrait, and 70 Woodcuts. 21s.\n\nXXVI.\n\nTHE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. Illustrated with 600 Woodcuts by Harvey. 21s.\n\nXXVII.\n\nJAMES' FABLES OF \u00c6SOP. With 100 Woodcuts by Tenniel. 2s. 6d.\n\nXXVIII.\n\nESSAYS FROM \"THE TIMES.\" 4s.\n\nXXIX.\n\nTHE FAIRY RING. With Woodcuts by RICHARD DOYLE. 7s. 6d.\n\nXXX.\n\nJESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. With Woodcuts. 6s.\n\nXXXI.\n\nJESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. With Woodcuts. 6s.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming\nNumber must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 2nd, and BILLS for\ninsertion by the 4th, of January.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nDR. SMITH'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE.\n\nNow Ready, with 100 Woodcuts, 16mo., 7s. 6d.\n\nA SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Supplementary Chapters on the Literature,\nArt, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. By DR. WM. SMITH, Editor of the\n\"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,\" &c.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street; and WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street and\nIvy Lane.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS.\n\nNow ready, with 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. Post 8vo. 12s.\n\nTHE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS: a Popular Account of their Manners and Customs,\nrevised and abridged from his larger Work. By SIR J. GARDNER WILKINSON.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis Day, a New Edition, with an Index, Fcap. 8vo., 5s.\n\nHANDBOOK OF FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS, chiefly from ENGLISH AUTHORS.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nROBERTSON'S CHURCH HISTORY.\n\nNow ready, 1 vol. 8vo., 12s.\n\nTHE HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH TO THE PONTIFICATE of GREGORY the\nGREAT. A Manual for General Readers as well as for Students in Theology. By\nREV. JAMES C. ROBERTSON. M. A. Vicar of Beakesbourne.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMILMAN'S LIFE AND WORKS OF HORACE.\n\nThis Day, with Woodcuts, 8vo., 9s., bound.\n\nLIFE OF HORACE. By the REV. H. H. MILMAN, Dean of St. PAUL'S.\n\nAlso, uniform with the above, 8vo., 21s.\n\nTHE WORKS OF HORACE. Edited by DEAN MILMAN, and illustrated by 300\nEngravings of Coins, Gems, Statues, &c., from the Antique.\n\n    \"Not a page can be opened where the eye does not light upon some\n    antique gem. Mythology, history, art, manners, topography, have all\n    their fitting representatives. It is the highest praise to say, that\n    the designs throughout add to the pleasure with which Horace is\n    read.\"--_Classical Museum._\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS.\n\nNow ready, a new and beautiful Edition, with 600 Woodcuts by HARVEY, One\nVolume, royal 8vo., price One Guinea.\n\nTHE ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENT. Translated by EDWARD WILLIAM LANE, ESQ.,\nAuthor of the \"Modern Egyptians,\" &c.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis Day, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10s.\n\nONCE UPON A TIME. By CHARLES KNIGHT.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish\nof St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.\nBride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.\nFleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of\nLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December\n24. 1853.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 217, December 24, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":22214}