{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_32495/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_32495","id":"gutenberg_32495","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32495","summary":null,"tags":["Category: British Literature","Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - British","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins\nand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare listed at the end of the text.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{361} NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 80.]\nSATURDAY, MAY 10. 1851..\n[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n                                                         Page\n\n  The Great Exhibition, Notes and Queries, and Chaucer's\n  Prophetic View of the Crystal Palace                    361\n\n  NOTES:--\n  On \"The Lay of the Last Minstrel\"                       364\n\n  Poems discovered among the Papers of Sir Kenelm\n  Digby                                                   367\n\n  Folk-Lore:--The Christmas Thorn--Milk-maids--Disease\n  cured by Sheep--Sacramental Wine--\"Nettle in Dock out\"  367\n\n  Metropolitan Improvements, by R. J. King                368\n\n  Minor Notes:--Meaning of Luncheon--Charade upon\n  Nothing translated--Giving the Lie--Anachronisms\n  of Painters--Spenser's Faerie Queene--Prayer of\n  Mary Queen of Scots--A small Instance of Warren\n  Hastings' Magnanimity--Richard Baxter--Registry\n  of Dissenting Baptisms in Churches                      369\n\n  QUERIES:--\n  Notes and Queries relating to Scandinavia, by W. E. C.\n  Nourse      370\n\n  The Rotation of the Earth, by Robert Snow               371\n\n  Minor Queries:--William ap Jevan's Descendants--\n  \"Geographers on Afric's Downs\"--Irish Brigade--Passage\n  in Oldham--Mont-de-Piete--Poem upon the Grave--When\n  self-striking Clocks first invented--Clarkson's\n  Richmond--Sir Francis Windebank's elder Son--Incised\n  Slab--Etymology of Balsall--St. Olave's Churches--\n  Sabbatical and Jubilee Years of the Jews--Arms of the\n  Isle of Man--Doctrine of the Resurrection--National\n  Debts--Leicester's Commonwealth                         372\n\n  REPLIES:--\n  Histoire des Sevarambes                                 374\n\n  Was there an \"Outer Temple\" in the Possession of the\n  Knights Templars or Knights of St. John? by Peter\n  Cunningham                                              375\n\n  Obeism, by H. H. Breen                                  376\n\n  San Marino                                              376\n\n  The Bellman and his History, by C. H. Cooper            377\n\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--\"God takes those soonest,\"\n  &c.--Disinterment for Heresy--The Vellum-bound\n  Junius--Pursuits of Literature--Dutch Books--Engilbert,\n  Archbishop of Treves--Charles Lamb's\n  Epitaph--Charles II. in Wales--\"Ex Pede Herculem\"--God's\n  Acre--Abbot Eustacius--Vox Populi\n  Vox Dei--Francis Moore and his Almanack                 377\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                  381\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                            382\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                               382\n\n  Advertisements                                          382\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE GREAT EXHIBITION, NOTES AND QUERIES, AND CHAUCER'S PROPHETIC VIEW OF\nTHE CRYSTAL PALACE.\n\nThe first of May, eighteen hundred and fifty-one, will be remembered in the\nCalendar for centuries after those who witnessed its glories shall have\npassed away. Its memory will endure with our language; and the Macaulays\nand Hallams of the time to come will add brilliancy to their pages by\nrecounting the gorgeous yet touching ceremonial of this great Apotheosis of\nPeace. Peace has occasionally received some foretaste of that day's glory;\nbut only at times, when the sense of its value had been purchased by the\nhorrors which accompany even the most glorious warfare. But never until the\nreign of Victoria were its blessings thus recognised and thus celebrated,\nafter they had been uninterruptedly enjoyed for upwards of a quarter of a\ncentury. Who then, among the thousands assembled around our Sovereign in\nthat eventful scene, but felt his joy heightened by gratitude, that his lot\nhad been cast in these happy days.\n\nIt was a proud day for Queen Victoria, for her Illustrious Consort, for all\nwho had had \"art or part\" in the great work so happily conceived, so\nadmirably executed. And we would add (even at the risk of reminding our\nreaders of Dennis' energetic claim, \"That's my Thunder!\") that it was also\na proud day for all who, like ourselves, desire to promote\nintercommunication between men of the same pursuits,--to bring them\ntogether in a spirit, not of envious rivalry, but of generous\nemulation,--to make their powers, faculties, and genius subservient to the\ncommon welfare of mankind. In our humble way we have striven earnestly to\nperform our share in this great mission; and although in the Crystal Palace\ncottons may take the place of comments, steam-engines of Shakspeare, the\npalpable creations of the sculptor of the super-sensual imaginings of the\npoet, the real of the ideal,--still the GREAT EXHIBITION OF THE INDUSTRY OF\nALL NATIONS is, in more senses than one, merely a MONSTER NUMBER OF \"NOTES\nAND QUERIES.\" So palpable, indeed, is this similarity, that, if the\nlong-talked-of _Order of Civil Merit_ should be instituted, (and certainly\nthere was never a more fitting moment than the present for so honouring the\ncultivators of the peaceful arts), we make no doubt that \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\" will not be forgotten. Should our prophecy be fulfilled, we need\nscarcely remind our readers of Captain Cuttle's injunction and our Motto.\n{362}\n\nAnd here, talking of prophecy, we would, first reminding our readers how,\nin the olden time, the Poet and the Prophet were looked upon as identical,\ncall their attention to the following vision of our Queen in her Crystal\nPalace, which met the eye when in \"fine phrensy rolling\" of the Father of\nEnglish Poetry, as he has recorded in his _House of Fame_. Had Chaucer\nattended the opening of the Exhibition as \"_Our own Reporter_,\" could his\ndescription have been more exact?\n\n      THE TEMPLE Y-MADE OF GLAS.\n\n  _A Prevision by Dan Chaucer_, A.D. 1380.\n\n  Now hearken every manir man\n  That English understande can,\n  And listeth to my dreme to here,\n  For nowe at erst shall ye lere:\n  O thought, that wrote al that I met\n  And in the tresorie it set\n  Of my braine, nowe shall men see\n  If any vertue in thee bee\n  To tellen al my dreme aright\n  Nowe kithe thy engine and thy might!\n    *    *    *    *    *    *\n    But, as I slept, me mette I was\n  Within a temple ymade of glas,\n  In which there were mo images\n  Of gold, standing in sundry stages,\n  Sette in mo rich tabernacles,\n  And with perrie mo pinnacles,\n  And mo curious portraitures,\n  And queint manner of figures\n  Of gold worke, than I saw ever.\n    But all the men that been on live\n  Ne han the conning to descrive\n  The beaute of that ilke place,\n  Ne couden casten no compace\n  Soch another for to make,\n  That might of beauty be his make;\n  Ne so wonderly ywrought,\n  That it astonieth yet my thought,\n  And maketh all my witte to swinke\n  On this castel for to thinke,\n  So that the wondir great beautie\n  Caste, crafte, and curiositie,\n  Ne can I not to you devise,\n  My witte ne may not me suffise;\n  But nathelesse all the substaunce\n  I have yet in my remembraunce,\n  For why? Me thoughtin, by saint Gile,\n  All was of stone of berile,\n  Bothe the castel and the toure,\n  And eke the hall, and every boure;\n  Without peeces or joynings,\n  But many subtell compassings,\n  As barbicans and pinnacles,\n  Imageries and tabernacles;\n  I saw, and ful eke of windowes\n  As flakes fallen in great snowes;\n  And eke in each of the pinnacles\n  Weren sundry habitacles.\n    When I had seene all this sight\n  In this noble temple thus,\n  Hey, Lord, thought I, that madest us,\n  Yet never saw I such noblesse\n  Of images, nor such richesse\n  As I see graven in this church,\n  But nought wote I who did them worche,\n    Yet certaine as I further passe,\n  I wol you all the shape devise.\n  Yet I ententive was to see,\n  And for to poren wondre low,\n  If I could anywise yknow\n  What manner stone this castel was:\n  For it was like a limed glas,\n  But that it shone full more clere,\n  But of what congeled matere\n  It was, I n' iste redely,\n  But at the last espied I,\n  And found that it was every dele\n  A thing of yse and not of stele:\n  Thought I, \"_By Saint Thomas of Kent,_\n  _This were a feeble foundement_\n  _To builden on a place so hie;_\n  _He ought him little to glorifie_\n  _That hereon bilte, God so me save._\"\n    But, Lord, so faire it was to shewe,\n  For it was all with gold behewe:\n  Lo, how should I now tell all this,\n  Ne of the hall eke what need is?\n  But in I went, and that anone,\n  There met I crying many one\n  \"A larges, a larges, hold up well!\n  God save the Lady of this pell!\n  Our owne gentill Lady Fame\n  And hem that willen to have a name.\"\n  For in this lustie and rich place\n  All on hie above a deis\n  Satte in a see imperiall\n  That made was of rubie royall\n  A feminine creature\n  That never formed by nature\n  Was soche another one I saie:\n  For alderfirst, soth to saie,\n  Me thought that she was so lite\n  That the length of a cubite\n  Was lenger than she seemed to be;\n    *    *    *    *    *    *\n  Tho was I ware at the last\n  As mine eyen gan up cast\n  That this ilke noble queene\n  On her shoulders gan sustene\n  Both the armes and the name\n  Of tho that had large fame.\n    And thus found I sitting this goddesse\n  In noble honour and richesse\n  Of which I stinte a while now\n  Other thing to tellen you.\n  {363}\n    But Lord the perrie and the richesse,\n  I saw sitting on the goddesse,\n  And the heavenly melodie\n  Of songes full of armonie\n  I heard about her trone ysong\n  That all the palais wall rong.\n    Tho saw I standen hem behind\n  A farre from hem, all by hemselve\n  Many a thousand times twelve,\n  That made loud minstralcies,\n  In conemuse and shalmies,\n  And many another pipe,\n  That craftely began to pipe.\n  And Pursevauntes and Heraudes\n  That crien riche folkes laudes,\n  It weren, all and every man\n  Of hem, as I you tellen can,\n  Had on him throwe a vesture\n  Which men clepe a coate armure.\n    Then saw I in anothir place,\n  Standing in a large space,\n  Of hem that maken bloudy soun,\n  In trumpet, beme, and clarioun.\n    Then saw I stande on thother side\n  Streight downe to the doores wide,\n  From the deis many a pillere\n  Of metall, that shone not full clere,\n  But though ther were of no richesse\n  Yet were they made for great noblesse.\n    There saw I, and knew by name\n  That by such art done, men have fame.\n    There saw I Coll Tragetour\n  Upon a table of sicamour\n  Play an uncouth thing to tell,\n  I saw him carry a wind-mell\n  Under a walnote shale.\n    Then saw I sitting in other sees,\n  Playing upon sundrie other glees,\n  Of which I n' ill as now not rime,\n  For ease of you and losse of time,\n  For time ylost, this know ye,\n  By no way may recovered be.\n    What should I make longer tale?\n  Of all the people that I sey\n  I could not tell till domisdey.\n    Then gan I loke about and see\n  That there came entring into the hall\n  A right great company withall,\n  And that of sondry regions\n  Of all kind of condicions\n  That dwelle in yearth under the Moone,\n  Poore and riche; and all so soone\n  As they were come into the hall\n  They gan on knees doune to fall\n  Before this ilke noble queene.\n  \"_Madame,_\" sayd they, \"_we bee_\n  _Folke that here besechen thee_\n  _That thou graunt us now good fame,_\n  _And let our workes have good name;_\n  _In full recompensacioun_\n  _Of good worke, give us good renoun._\"\n    And some of hem she graunted sone,\n    And some she warned well and faire,\n    And some she graunted the _contraire_.\n  Now certainly I ne wist how,\n  Ne where that Fame dwelled or now,\n  Ne eke of her descripcion,\n  Ne also her condicion,\n  Ne the order of her _dome_\n  Knew I not till I hider come.\n    *    *    *    *    *    *\n    At the last I saw a man,\n  Which that I nought ne can,\n  But he semed for to bee,\n  A man of great auctoritie\n    And therewithall I abraide,\n  Out of my slepe halfe afraide,\n  Remembring well what I had sene,\n  And how hie and farre I had bene\n  In my gost, and had great wonder\n  Of that the God of thonder\n  Had let me knowen, and began to write\n  Like as you have herd me endite,\n  Wherefore to study and rede alway,\n  I purpose to do day by day.\n    Thus in dreaming and in game,\n  Endeth this litell booke of Fame.\n\nWe are indebted for this interesting communication to our correspondent\nA. E. B., whose admirable ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER in our columns have\ngiven so much pleasure to the admirers of the old poet. Our correspondent\nhas sent it to us in the hope that it may be made available in helping\nforward the good work of restoring Chaucer's tomb. We trust it will. The\nCommittee who have undertaken that task could, doubtless, raise the hundred\npounds required, by asking those who have already come forward to help\nthem, to change their Crown subscriptions into Pounds. With a right feeling\nfor what is due to the poet, they prefer, however, accomplishing the end\nthey have in view by small contributions from the admiring many, rather\nthan by larger contributions from the few. As we doubt not we number among\nthe readers of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" many admirers of\n\n      \"Old Dan Chaucer, in whose gentle spright,\n  The pure well-head of poetry did dwell,\"\n\nto them we appeal, that the monument which was erected by the affectionate\nrespect of Nicholas Brigham, nearly three centuries ago, may not in our\ntime be permitted to crumble into dust; reminding them, in Chaucer's own\nbeautiful language,\n\n  \"That they are gentle who do gentle dedes.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{364}\n\nNOTES.\n\nON \"THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL.\"\n\nI resume the subject commenced in the comments on \"a Passage in _Marmion_,\"\nprinted in No. 72., March 15, 1851; and I here propose to consider the\ngroundwork and mechanism of the most original, though not quite the first\nproduction of Scott's muse, _The Lay of the Last Minstrel_. In the\nIntroduction prefixed to this poem, nearly thirty years after its\npublication, Sir Walter Scott informs the world that the young Countess of\nDalkeith, much interested and delighted with the wild Border tradition of\nthe goblin called \"Gilpin Horner\" (which is given at length in the notes\nappended to the poem), enjoined on him the task of composing a ballad on\nthe subject:\n\n    \"And thus\" (says Sir Walter) \"the goblin story _objected to by several\n    critics as an excrescence upon the poem_, was, in fact, the occasion of\n    its being written.\"\n\nYes, and more than this; for, strange as it may appear to those who have\nnot critically and minutely attempted to unravel the very artful and\ncomplicated plot of this singular poem, the Goblin Page is, as it were, the\nkey-note to the whole composition, the agent through whose instrumentality\nthe fortunes of the house of Branksome are built up anew by the\npacification of ancient feud, and the union of the fair Margaret with Henry\nof Cranstoun. Yet, so deeply veiled is the plot, and so intricately\ncontrived the machinery, that I question if this fact be apparent to one\nreader out of a thousand; and assuredly it has never been presented to my\nview by any one of the critics with whose comments I have become\nacquainted.\n\nThe Aristarchus of the _Edinburgh Review_, Mr. Jeffrey, who forsooth\nthought fit to regard the new and original creations of a mighty and\ninventive genius \"as a misapplication, in some degree, of very\nextraordinary talents,\" and \"conceived it his duty to make one strong\neffort to bring back _the great apostle of this (literary) heresy to the\nwholesome creed of his instructor_,\" seems not to have penetrated one inch\nbelow the surface. In his opinion \"the Goblin Page is the capital deformity\nof the poem,\" \"_a perpetual burden_ to the poet and to the readers,\" \"an\nundignified and improbable fiction, which excites neither terror,\nadmiration, nor astonishment, but needlessly debases the strain of the\nwhole work, and excites at once our incredulity and contempt.\"\n\nPerhaps so, to the purblind vision of a pedantic formalist; but,\nnevertheless, _The Lay of the Last Minstrel_, that poem, whose varied\nimagery and vivid originality, combined with all its other beauties, have\nbeen, and ever will be, the delight and admiration of its readers, could\nnot exist without this so-called \"capital deformity.\" This I shall\nundertake to demonstrate, and in so doing to prove the \"capital absurdity\"\nof such criticism as I have cited.\n\nLet us therefore begin with the beginning. The widowed Lady of Branksome,\nbrooding over the outrage which had deprived her husband of life, meditates\nonly vengeance upon all the parties concerned in this affray. The lovely\nLady Margaret wept in wild despair, for her lover had stood in arms against\nher father's clan:\n\n  \"And well she knew, her mother dread,\n  Before Lord Cranstoun she should wed,\n  Would see her on her dying bed.\"\n\nThe first Canto of the poem contains that singular episode, when--\n\n  \"(The Ladye) sits in secret bower\n  In old Lord David's western tower,\n  And listens to a heavy sound\n  That moans the mossy turrets round,\" &c.\n\n  \"From the sound of Teviot's tide\n  Chafing with the mountain side,\n              &c. &c.\n    The Ladye knew it well!\n  It was the Spirit of the Flood that spoke,\n    And he called on the Spirit of the Fell.\"\n\nAnd when the River Spirit asks concerning the fair Margaret, who had\nmingled her tears with his stream:\n\n  \"What shall be the maiden's fate?\n  Who shall be the maiden's mate?\"\n\nthe Mountain Spirit replies, that, amid the clouds and mist which veil the\nstars,--\n\n    \"Ill may I read their high decree:\n  But no kind influence deign they shower\n  On Teviot's tide and Branksome's tower,\n    Till _pride be quelled_, and _love be free_.\"\n\nI must here transcribe the following Section xviii.:\n\n  \"The unearthly voices ceased,\n    And the heavy sound was still;\n  It died on the river's breast,\n    It died on the side of the hill.\n  But round Lord David's tower,\n    The sound still floated near,\n  For it rung in the Ladye's bower,\n    And it rung in the Ladye's ear,\n  She raised her stately head,\n    And her heart throbbed high with pride:\n  'Your mountains shall bend,\n  And your streams ascend,\n    Ere Margaret be our foeman's bride!'\"\n\nIn pursuance of this stern resolution, \"the Ladye sought the lofty hall\"\nwhere her retainers were assembled:\n\n  \"And from amid the armed train\n  She called to her William of Deloraine.\"\n\nShe then gives him the commission, well remembered by every reader, to\nproceed on that night to Melrose Abbey to unclose the grave of Michael\n{365} Scott, and to rifle it of the magical volume which was accessible\nonly on St. Michael's night, at the precise moment when the rays of the\nmoon should throw the reflexion of the red cross emblazoned in the eastern\noriel upon the wizard's monumental stone,--expecting that the possession of\nthis \"Book of Might\" would enable her to direct the destiny of her daughter\naccording to the dictates of her own imperious nature. \"Dis aliter visum.\"\nFate and MICHAEL SCOTT had willed it otherwise. And here I must beg my\nreaders to take notice that this far-famed wizard, Michael Scott, although\ndead and buried, is supposed still to exert his influence from the world of\nspirits as the guardian genius of the house of Buccleuch; and he had been\nbeforehand with the Ladye of Branksome in providing Henry of Cranstoun with\none of his familiar spirits, in the shape of the Goblin Page, _by whose\nagency alone_ (however unconscious the subordinate agent may be) a chain of\nevents is linked together which results in the union of the two lovers.\nAfter this parenthesis I resume the thread of the narrative.\n\nDeloraine rides to Melrose in the night, presents himself to the Monk of\nSt. Mary's aisle, opens the sepulchre of the wizard, and presumes to take\n\n  \"From the cold hand the Mighty Book,\"\n\nin spite of the _ominous frown_ which darkened the countenance of the dead.\nHe remounts his steed and wends his way homeward\n\n              \"As the dawn of day\n  Began to brighten Cheviot gray;\"\n\nwhile the aged monk, having performed the last duty allotted to him in his\nearthly pilgrimage, retired to his cell and breathed his last in prayer and\npenitence before the cross.\n\nEre Deloraine could reach his journey's end, he encounters a feudal foeman\nin the person of Lord Cranstoun, attended by his Goblin Page, who is here\nfirst introduced to the reader. A conflict takes place, and Deloraine being\nstruck down wounded and senseless, is left by his adversary to the charge\nof this elf, who in stripping off his corslet espied the \"Mighty Book.\"\nWith the curiosity of an imp he opens the iron-clasped volume by smearing\nthe cover with the blood of the knight, and reads ONE SPELL, _and one\nalone, by permission_; for\n\n  \"He had not read another spell,\n  When on his cheek a buffet fell,\n  So fierce, it stretched him on the plain\n  Beside the wounded Deloraine.\n  From the ground he rose dismayed,\n  And shook his huge and matted head;\n  One word he muttered, and no more,\n  'Man of age, thou smitest sore!'\n              &c. &c.\n  Now, if you ask who gave the stroke,\n  I cannot tell, so mot I thrive--\n  _It was not given by man alive._\"\n\nBut he had read sufficient for the purposes of his mission, and we shall\nsee how he applies the knowledge so marvellously acquired.\n\nBy the glamour of this spell he was empowered to make one thing assume the\nform of another.\n\n  \"It had much of glamour might,\n  Could make a ladye seem a knight;\n  The cobwebs on a dungeon wall,\n  Seem tapestry in a lordly hall,\"\n              &c. &c.\n\nThe first use he makes of his power is to convey the wounded knight, laid\nacross his weary horse, into Branksome Hall\n\n  \"Before the beards of the warders all;\n  And each did after swear and say,\n  There only passed a wain of hay.\"\n\nHaving deposited him at the door of the Ladye's bower, he repasses the\nouter court, and finding the young chief at play, entices him into the\nwoods under the guise _to him_ of a \"comrade gay.\"\n\n  \"Though on the drawbridge, the warders stout,\n  Saw a terrier and a lurcher passing out;\"\n\nand, leading him far away \"o'er bank and fell,\" well nigh frightens the\nfair boy to death by resuming his own elvish shape.\n\n  \"Could he have had his pleasure wilde,\n  He had crippled the joints of the noble child;\n              &c. &c.\n  But his awful mother he had in dread,\n  _And also his power was limited_,\"\n              &c. &c.\n\nHere let me observe that all this contrivance is essential to the conduct\nof the narrative, and if we simply grant the postulate which a legendary\nminstrel has a right to demand, to wit, the potency of magic spells to\neffect such delusions (pictoribus atque Poetis _Quidlibet audendi_ semper\nfuit aequa potestas), all the remainder of the narrative is easy, natural,\nand probable. This contrivance is necessary, because, in the first place,\nif it had been known to the warders that William of Deloraine had been\nbrought into the castle wounded almost unto death, he could not be supposed\ncapable of engaging Richard Musgrave in single combat two days afterwards;\nnor, in the second place, would the young chief have been permitted to\nstroll out unattended from the guarded precincts.\n\nTo proceed: the boy thus bewildered in the forest falls into the lands of\nan English forayer, and is by him conveyed to Lord Dacre, at that time one\nof the Wardens of the Marches, by whom he is detained as a hostage, and\ncarried along with the English troops, then advancing towards Branksome\nunder the command of the Lord Wardens in person.\n\n  \"(But) though the child was led away,\n  In Branksome still he seemed to stay,\n  For so the Dwarf his part did play.\"\n\n{366} And there, according to his own malicious nature, played likewise a\nscore of monkey tricks, all of which, grotesque and \"_undignified_\"! as\nthey may be, yet most ingeniously divert the mind of the reader from the\nreal errand and mission of this supernatural being.\n\nShortly afterwards, on his exhibiting symptoms of cowardice at the expected\ncontest, he is conveyed from the castle by the Ladye's order, and speedily\nrejoins his lord, after the infliction of a severe chastisement from the\narm of Wat Tinlinn. He then procures Cranstoun's admission within the walls\nof Branksome (where the whole clan Scott was assembling at the tidings of\nthe English Raid) by the same spell--\n\n  \"Which to his lord he did impart,\n  And made him seem, by glamour art,\n    A knight from hermitage.\"\n\nAnd on the following day, as Deloraine did not appear in the lists ready to\nengage in the appointed duel with Richard Musgrave, we are told,--\n\n  \"Meantime, full anxious was the Dame,\n  For now arose disputed claim,\n  Of who should fight for Deloraine,\n  'Twixt Harden and 'twixt Thirtlestaine,\n              &c. &c.\n  But yet, not long the strife--for, lo!\n  Himself the Knight of Deloraine,\n  Strong, as it seemed, and free from pain,\n    In armour sheathed from top to toe,\n  Appeared, and craved the combat due;\n  The Dame her charm successful knew,\n  And the fierce chiefs their claims withdrew.\"\n\nThe conflict takes place, and ends in favour of the Scottish knight; when\nthe following scene occurs:\n\n  \"As if exhausted in the fight,\n  Or musing o'er the piteous sight,\n    The silent victor stands:\n  His beaver did he not unclasp,\n  Marked not the shouts, felt not the grasp\n    Of gratulating hands.\n  When lo! strange cries of wild surprise,\n  Mingled with seeming terror rise\n    Among the Scottish bands,\n  And all, amid the thronged array,\n  In panic haste gave open way\n  To a half-naked ghastly man,\n  Who downward from the castle ran;\n  He crossed the barriers at a bound,\n    And wild and haggard looked around,\n      As dizzy, and in pain;\n    And all, upon the armed ground\n      Knew William of Deloraine!\n  Each ladye sprung from seat with speed,\n  Vaulted each marshal from his steed;\n    'And who art thou,' they cried,\n  'Who hast this battle fought and won?'\n  His plumed helm was soon undone--\n    'Cranstoun of Teviotside!\n  For this fair prize I've fought and won,'\n  And to the Ladye led her son.\"\n\nThen is described the struggle that takes place in the maternal breast:\n\n  \"And how the clan united prayed\n    The Ladye would the feud forego,\n  And deign to bless the nuptial hour\n  Of Cranstoun's Lord and Teviot's Flower.\n\n              XXVI.\n\n  \"She looked to river, looked to hill,\n    Thought on the Spirit's prophecy,\n  Then broke her silence stern and still,\n    'Not you, _but Fate_, has vanquished me;\n  _Their influence kindly stars may shower_\n  On Teviot's tide and Branksome's tower,\n    For pride _is_ quelled, and love _is_ free.'\"\n\nThe mission of the elf is now accomplished, his last special service having\nbeen to steal the armour of William of Deloraine \"while slept the knight,\"\nand thus to enable his master to personate that warrior.\n\nIt may be remarked that hitherto there is no direct evidence that the Page\nwas sent by Michael Scott. That evidence is reserved for the moment of his\nfinal disappearance.\n\nOn the same evening, after the celebration of the nuptials, a mysterious\nand intense blackness enveloped the assembled company in Branksome Hall.\n\n    \"A secret horror checked the feast,\n  And chilled the soul of every guest;\n  Even the high Dame stood half aghast,\n  She knew some evil in the blast;\n  The elvish Page fell to the ground,\n  And, shuddering, muttered, 'Found! found! found!'\n\n              XXV.\n\n  \"Then sudden through the darkened air,\n    A flash of lightning came,\n  So broad, so bright, so red the glare,\n    The castle seemed on flame,\n              &c. &c.\n  Full through the guests' bedazzled band\n  Resistless flashed the levin-brand,\n  And filled the hall with smouldering smoke,\n  As on the elvish Page it broke,\n              &c. &c.\n  When ended was the dreadful roar,\n  The elvish Dwarf was seen no more.\n\n              XXVI.\n\n  \"Some heard a voice in Branksome Hall,\n  Some saw a sight, not seen by all;\n  That dreadful voice was heard by some\n  Cry, with loud summons, 'Gylbin, come!'\n    And on the spot where burst the brand,\n      Just where the Page had flung him down,\n    Some saw an arm, and some a hand,\n      And some the waving of a gown:\n  The guests in silence prayed and shook,\n  And terror dimmed each lofty look,\n  But none of all the astonished train\n  _Was so dismayed as Deloraine,_\n              &c. &c.\n  {367}\n  At length, by fits, he darkly told,\n  With broken hint, and shuddering cold,\n    That he had seen, right certainly,\n  _A shape with amice wrapped around,_\n  _With a wrought Spanish baldric bound,_\n    _Like a pilgrim from beyond the sea,_\n  And knew--but how it mattered not--\n  IT WAS THE WIZARD, MICHAEL SCOTT.\"\n\nAfter this final consummation, it is amusing to notice a slight \"incuria\"\non the part of the poet, which I wonder has never been corrected in the\nlater editions. Having described the nuptial ceremony of Cranstoun and\nMargaret in the early part of the last Canto, he says in Section xxviii.,\n\n  \"Nought of the bridal _will_ I tell,\n  Which _after_ in short space befell,\"\n              &c. &c.\n\nI think I have now succeeded in proving that the Goblin Page, so far from\nbeing a mere \"_intruder_\" into this glorious poem--so far from being a mere\nafter-thought, or interpolation, to \"suit the taste of the cottagers of the\nBorder,\" as Mr. Jeffrey \"suspects,\"--is the essential instrument for\nconstructing the machinery of the plot. We have, indeed, the author's word\nthat it formed the foundation of the poem. My readers will therefore form\ntheir own estimate of the value of Mr. Jeffrey's criticisms, couched as\nthey are in no very considerate, much less complimentary phraseology. I\ncannot but admire the \"douce vengeance\" of the gentle-spirited subject of\nhis rebukes, who has contented himself with printing these worthless\nsentences of an undiscerning critic along with the text of his poems in the\nlast edition,--there to remain a standing memorial of the wisdom of that\nresolution adhered to throughout the life of the accomplished author, who\ntells us,\n\n    \"That he from the first determined, that without shutting his ears to\n    the voice of true criticism, he would pay no regard to that which\n    assumed the form of satire.\"\n\nIn point of fact, Sir Walter had no very exalted opinion of the _genus_\nCritic; and I could give one or two anecdotes, which I heard from his own\nlips, strongly reminding one of the old fable of the painter who pleased\nnobody and everybody.\n\nIn conclusion, I beg leave to observe, that in these \"Notes\" I do not\npresume to underrate, in any degree, Mr. Jeffrey's acknowledged powers of\ncriticism. He and Scott have alike passed away from the stage of which they\nwere long the ornaments in their respective spheres; but I must consider\nthat in the passages here cited, _as well as in many others_, he has proved\nhimself either incompetent or unwilling to appreciate the originality, the\npower, and, above all, the invention of Sir Walter Scott's genius.\n\nA BORDERER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPOEMS DISCOVERED AMONG THE PAPERS OF SIR KENELM DIGBY.\n\nSince I last wrote to you on the subject of these poems, I have discovered\nthe remaining portions of Ben Jonson's poem on the Lady Venetia: I have\ntherefore no doubt now that my MS. is a genuine autograph; and if so, not\nonly this, but the \"Houreglasse,\" which was inserted in your 63rd No., is\nBen Jonson's. This last has, I think, never been published; nor have I ever\nseen in print the followings lines, which are written in the same hand and\non the same paper as the \"Houreglasse.\" They were probably written after\nLady Venetia's death.\n\n  \"You wormes (my rivals), whiles she was alive,\n  How many thousands were there that did strive\n  To have your freedome? for theyr sakes forbeare,\n  Unseemely holes in her soft skin to wear,\n  But if you must (as what worme can abstaine?)\n  Taste of her tender body, yet refraine\n  With your disordered eatings to deface her,\n  And feed yourselves so as you most may grace her.\n  First through her eartippes, see you work a paire\n  Of holes, which, as the moyst enclosed _ayre_ [_air_]\n  Turnes into water, may the cold droppes take,\n  And in her eares a payre of jewels make.\n  That done, upon her bosome make your feaste,\n  Where on a crosse carve Jesus in her brest.\n  Have you not yet enough of that soft skinne,\n  The touch of which, in times past, might have bin\n  Enough to ransome many a thousande soule\n  Captiv'd to love? then hence your bodies roule\n  A little higher; where I would you have\n  This epitaph upon her forehead grave;\n  Living, she was fayre, yong, and full of witt;\n  Dead, all her faults are in her forehead writt.\"\n\nIf I am wrong in supposing this never to have been printed, I shall feel\nmuch obliged by one of your correspondents informing me of the fact.\n\nH. A. B.\n\nTrin. Col. Cambridge.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_The Christmas Thorn._--In my neighbourhood (near Bridgewater) the\nChristmas thorn blossoms on the 6th of January (Twelfth-day), and on this\nday only. The villagers in whose gardens it grows, and indeed many others,\nverily believe that this fact pronounces the truth of this being the day of\nChrist's birth.\n\nS. S. B.\n\n_Milk-maids in 1753._--To Folk-lore may be added the following short\nextract from Read's _Weekly Journal_, May 5, 1733:\n\n    \"On May-Day the Milk-Maids who serve the Court, danced Minuets and\n    Rigadoons before the Royal Family, at St. James's House, with great\n    applause.\"\n\nY. S.\n\n_Diseases cured by Sheep_ (Vol. iii., p. 320.).--The attempted cure of\nconsumption, or some {368} complaints, by walking among a flock of sheep,\nis not new. The present Archbishop of Dublin was recommended it, or\npractised it at least, when young. For pulmonary complaints the principle\nwas perhaps the same as that of following a plough, sleeping in a room over\na cowhouse, breathing the diluted smoke of a limekiln, that is, the\ninhaling of carbonic acid, all practised about the end of the last century,\nwhen the knowledge of the gases was the favourite branch of chemistry.\n\nA friend of mine formerly met Dr. Beddoes riding up Park Street in Bristol\nalmost concealed by a vast bladder tied to his horse's mouth. He said he\nwas trying an experiment with oxygen on a broken-winded horse. Afterwards,\nfinding that oxygen did not answer, he very wisely tried the gas most\nopposite to it in nature.\n\nC. B.\n\n_Sacramental Wine_ (Vol. iii., p. 320.).--This idea is a relic of Roman\nCatholic times. In Ireland a weakly child is frequently brought to the\naltar rails, and the priest officiating at mass requested to allow it to\ndrink from the chalice of what is termed _the ablution_, that is, the wine\nand water with which the chalice is _rinsed_ after the priest has taken the\ncommunion, and which ablution ordinarily is taken by the priest. _Here_ the\nefficacy is ascribed to the cup having just before contained the blood of\nOur Lord. I have heard it seriously recommended in a case of hooping-cough.\nYour correspondent MR. BUCKMAN does not give sufficient credit for common\nsense to the believers in some portion of folk lore. Red wine is considered\ntonic, and justly, as it contains a greater proportion of _turmic_ than\nwhite. The yellow bark of the barberry contains an essential tonic\ningredient, as the Jesuit's bark does _quinine_, or that of the willow\n_salicine_. Nettle juice is well known as a purifier of the blood; and the\nnavelwort, like Euphrosia, which is properly called _Eyebright_, is as\nlikely to have had its name from its proved efficacy as a simple, as from\nany fancied likeness to the region affected. The old monks were shrewd\nherbalists. They were generally the physicians of their neighbourhood, and\nthe names and uses of the simples used by them survive the ruin of the\nmonasteries and the expulsion of their tenants.\n\nKERRIENSIS.\n\n\"_Nettle in Dock out_\" (Vol. iii., pp. 133. 201. 205.).--I can assure\nA. E. B. that in the days of my childhood, long before I had ever heard of\nChaucer, I used invariably, when I was stung with nettles, to rub the part\naffected with a dock-leaf or stalk, and repeat,\n\n  \"Nettle out, dock in.\"\n\nThis charm is so common in Huntingdonshire at this day that it seems to\ncome to children almost instinctively. None of them can tell where they\nfirst heard it, any more than why they use it.\n\nARUN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMETROPOLITAN IMPROVEMENTS.\n\nThe following passage from a sermon preached at Paul's Cross, March 26,\n1620, by John King, Bishop of London, refers in a curious manner to many\nimprovements and alterations which have either been already effected in our\nown time, or are still in contemplation. The sermon was \"on behalfe of\nPaule's Church,\" then in a ruinous condition; and was delivered in the\npresence of James himself, who suggested the preacher's text, Psal. cii.\n13, 14.\n\n    \"So had my manner ever beene aforetime,\" says the Bishop, \"to open the\n    volume of this Booke, and goe through the fields of the Old and New\n    Testament, plucking and rubbing such eares of corne therein as I best\n    liked, makings, choice (I meane) of my text, and buckling myself to my\n    task at myne owne discretion; but now I am girt and tied to a Scripture\n    by him, who as he hath most right to command, so best skill to direct\n    and appoint the best service I can.\"\n\nAfter an elaborate laudation of England, and of London as the \"gem and\neye,\" which has\n\n    \"the body of the King, the morning and midday influence of that\n    glorious sun; other parts having but the evening.... _O fortunati\n    nimium_; you have the finest flowre of the wheat, and purest bloud of\n    the grape, that is, the choice of His blessed Word hath God given unto\n    you; and great is the companie of the preachers\"--\n\nthe Bishop proceeds thus:\n\n    \"Not to weary mine eyes with wandering and roving after private, but to\n    fixe upon publicke alone,--when I behold that forrest of masts upon\n    your river for trafficke, and that more than miraculous bridge, which\n    is the _communis terminus_, to joyne the two bankes of that river; your\n    Royall Exchange for merchants, your Halls for Companies, your gates for\n    defence, your markets for victuall, your aqueducts for water, your\n    granaries for provision, your Hospitalls for the poore, your Bridewells\n    for the idle, your Chamber for orphans, and your Churches for holy\n    assemblies; I cannot denie them to be magnificent workes, and your\n    Citty to deserve the name of an Augustious and majesticall Citty; to\n    cast into the reckoning those of later edition, the beautifying of your\n    fields without, and pitching your Smithfield within, new gates, new\n    waterworkes, and the like, which have been consecrated by you to the\n    dayes of his Majestie's happy reigne: and I hope the cleansing of the\n    River, which is the _vena porta_ to your Citty, will follow in good\n    time. But after all these, as Christ to the young man in the Gospell,\n    which had done all and more, _Unum tibi deest, si vis perfectus esse,\n    vade, vende_; so may I say to you. There is yet one thing wanting unto\n    you, if you will be perfit,--perfit this church: not by parting from\n    _all_, but somewhat, not to the poore, but to God himselfe. This Church\n    is your Sion indeed, other are but _Synagogues_, this your _Jerusalem\n    the mother to them all_, other but daughters brought up at her knees;\n    this the Cathedrall, other but Parochiall Churches; this the _Bethel_\n    for the daily and constant service of God, other have their\n    intermissions, this the common to you all, and to this _doe {369} your\n    tribes ascend_ in their greatest solemnities; others appropriated to\n    several Congregations, this the standart in the high rode of gaze;\n    others are more retired, this the mirrour and marke of strangers, other\n    have but their side lookes; finally, this unto you, as _S. Peters in\n    the Vatican_ at Rome, _S. Marks_ at Venice, and that of _Diana_ at\n    Ephesus, and this at Jerusalem of the Jewes; or if there be any other\n    of glory and fame in the Christian world, which they most joy in.\"\n\nRICHARD JOHN KING.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Meaning of Luncheon._--Our familiar name of _luncheon_ is derived from the\ndaily meal of the Spaniards at eleven o'clock, termed _once_ or _l'once_\n(pronounced _l'onchey_).--From Ford's _Gatherings in Spain_.\n\nA. L.\n\n_Charade upon Nothing translated._--In your No. for July a correspondent\nasks who was the author of the very quaint charade upon \"Nothing:\"\n\n  \"Me, the contented man desires,\n  The poor man has, the rich requires,\n  The miser gives, the spendthrift saves,\n  And all must carry to their graves.\"\n\nPossibly he may not object to read, without troubling himself as to the\nauthorship of, the subjoined translation:\n\n  \"Me, qui sorte sua contentus vixerit, optat,\n    Et quum pauper habet, dives habere velit;\n  Spargit avarus opum, servat sibi prodigus aeris,\n    Secum post fati funera quisque feret.\"\n\nEFFIGIES.\n\n_Giving the Lie._--The great affront of giving the lie arose from the\nphrase \"Thou liest,\" in the oath taken by the defendant in judicial combats\nbefore engaging, when charged with any crime by the plaintiff, and Francis\nI. of France, to make current his giving the lie to the Emperor Charles V.,\nfirst stamped it with infamy by saying, in a solemn Assembly, that \"he was\nno honest man that would bear the lie.\"\n\nBLOWEN.\n\n_Anachronisms of Painters._--An amusing list is given in D'Israeli's\n_Curiosities of Literature_ (edit. 1839, p. 131.). The following are\nadditional:\n\nAt Hagley Park, Worcestershire, the seat of Lord Lyttleton, is a painting\nby Varotari, a pupil of Paul Veronese, of Christ and the Woman taken in\nAdultery. One of the Jewish elders present wears spectacles.\n\nAt Kedleston, Derbyshire, the seat of Lord Scarsdale, is a painting by\nRembrandt, Daniel interpreting Belsazzar's Dream. Daniel's head is covered\nwith a peruke of considerable magnitude.\n\nJ. E.\n\n_Spenser's Faerie Queene._--The following brief notes may perhaps prove\ninteresting:--\n\n1. Spenser gives us a hint of the annoyances to which Shakspeare and\nBurbage may have been subject:--\n\n  \"All suddenly they heard a troublous noise,\n    That seemed some perilous tumult to design,\n  Confused with women's cries and shorts of boys,\n  Such as the troubled theatres oft-times annoys.\"--B. IV. iii. 37.\n\n2. Spenser's solitary pun occurs in book iv. canto viii. verse 31.:\n\n  \"But when the world wox old, it wox _war-old_,\n  Whereof it hight.\"\n\n3. Cleanliness does not appear to have been a virtue much in vogue in the\n\"glorious days of good Queen Bess.\" Spenser (book iv. canto xi. verse 47.)\nspeaks of\n\n  \"Her silver feet, fair washed against this day,\"\n\n_i. e._ for a special day of rejoicing.\n\n4. An instance of the compound epithets so much used by Chapman in his\ntranslation of Homer, is found in Spenser's description of the sea-nymphs,\nbook iv. canto xi. verse 50.:\n\n                          \"Eione well-in-age,\n  And seeming-still-to-smile Glauconome.\"\n\nJ. H. C.\n\nAdelaide, South Australia.\n\n_Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots._--The incorrect arrangement, in Seward's\n_Anecdotes_, of the following beautiful lines, said to be composed by Mary\nQueen of Scots, and repeated immediately before her execution, and a\ndiffuse paraphrase subjoined, in which all their tenderness is lost by\ndestroying their brevity and simplicity, may justify another arrangement,\nand an attempt to preserve their simple and tender character in fewer words\nand a different measure:--\n\n  \"O Domine Deus,               O Lord, my God,\n    Speravi in Te,                I have trusted in Thee:\n  O mi care Jesu,               My Jesu beloved,\n  Nunc libera me:                 Me presently free:\n  In dura catena,                   In cruel chains,\n    Desidero Te.                    In penal pains,\n  Languendo, gemendo,               I long for Thee,\n  Et genu flectendo,                I moan, I groan,\n  Adoro, imploro,                   I bend my knee;\n    Ut liberes me.                  I adore, I implore,\n                                      Me presently free.\"\n\nCan any of your correspondents inform me where these lines first appear? on\nwhat authority they are ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots? and also who\nmentions their having been repeated immediately before her execution?\n\nALEXANDER PYTTS FALCONER.\n\nBeeton-Christchurch, Hants.\n\n_A small Instance of Warren Hastings' Magnanimity._--During the latter\nyears of his life, Warren Hastings was in the habit of visiting General\nD'Oyley in the New Forest; and thus he became {370} acquainted with the\nRev. W. Gilpin, vicar of Boldre, and author of _Forest Scenery_, &c. Mr.\nGilpin's custom was to receive morning visitors, who sat and enjoyed his\nagreeable conversation; and Warren Hastings, when staying in the\nneighbourhood, often resorted to the Boldre Parsonage. It happened, one\nSunday, that Mr. Gilpin preached a sermon on the character of Felix, which\ncommenced in words like these:\n\n    \"Felix was a bad man, and a bad governor. He took away another man's\n    wife and lived with her; and he behaved with extortion and cruelty in\n    the province over which he ruled.\"\n\nOther particulars followed equally in accordance with the popular charges\nagainst the late Governor-General of India, who, to the preacher's dismay,\nwas unexpectedly discovered sitting in the D'Oyley pew. Mr. Gilpin\nconcluded that he then saw the last of his \"great\" friend. But, not so: on\nthe following morning Warren Hastings came, with his usual pleasant manner,\nfor a chat with the vicar, and of course made no allusion to the sermon.\n\nThis was told me by a late valued friend, who was a nephew and curate of\nMr. Gilpin; and I am not aware that the anecdote has been put on record.\n\nALFRED GATTY.\n\nEcclesfield.\n\n_Richard Baxter._--In the long list of Richard Baxter's works, one is\nentitled, _An unsavoury Volume of Mr. Jo. Crawford's anatomized: or, a\nNosegay of the choicest Flowers in that Garden, presented to Mr. Joseph\nCaryl, by Richard Baxter_. 8vo., Lond. 1654.\n\nAt the end of a postscript to this tract, the following sentence is\nsubjoined:\n\n    \"Whatsoever hath escaped me in these writings that is against meekness,\n    peace, and brotherly love, let it be all unsaid, and hereby revoked;\n    and I desire the pardon of it from God and Man.\n\nRICHARD BAXTER.\"\n\nBaxter's literary career was not the least extraordinary part of his\nhistory. Orme's life of him says, that the catalogue of his works contains\nnearly a hundred and sixty-eight distinct publications. A list of no less\nthan one hundred and seven is given at the end of his _Compassionate\nCounsel to all Young Men_, 8vo., Lond. 1682.\n\nBaxter's most popular treatises, as the world knows, were his _Call to the\nUnconverted_, and his _Saint's Everlasting Rest_.\n\nH. E.\n\n_Registry of Dissenting Baptisms in Churches._--A fact came to my knowledge\nsome time since, which seems worthy of having _a note of it_ made, and\nrecorded in your journal. On looking over the registry of baptisms\nadministered in the meeting-house of an ancient city, I was struck by the\noccurrence of four names, which I had seen entered in a genealogy as from\nthe baptismal registry of one of its parish churches. This appeared to me\nso strange, that I examined the parish registry in order to verify it; and\nI found that the baptisms were actually recorded as on the same days in\nboth registries. Of course, the father, having had his child baptized by\nthe dissenting minister, prevailed on the clergyman of his parish church to\nregister it.\n\nWhether this was a common custom at the time when it took place (1715-21) I\nhave no means of knowing. As a fee was probably charged for the\nregistration, it was not likely to be asked for in all instances; and, no\ndoubt, when it was asked for, many clergymen would consider it inconsistent\nwith their duty to grant it.\n\nD. X.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES RELATING TO SCANDINAVIA.\n\nCan any of your readers furnish a list of the different editions of _Olaus\nMagnus_? I have lately met with a curious one entitled _Historia delle\nGente et della Natura delle Cose Settentrionali, da Olao Magno Gotho\nArcivescovo di Vpsala nel Regno di Suezia e Gozia, descritta in XXII Libri.\nTradotta in Lingua Toscana. In Vinegia, 1565._ This edition, in folio,\ncontains a very interesting old map of Scandinavia, and a profusion of\nlittle cuts or engravings, representing men, animals, gods, mountains,\nweapons, religious rites, natural wonders, and everything relating to the\npeople and the country that could be conceived or gathered together. Is\nthere any English translation of Olaus Magnus?\n\nIs there any English translation of Jornandes' _Histoire Generale des\nGoths_? It is full of curious matter. The French edition of 1603 gives the\nfollowing accounts of the midnight sun:--\n\n    \"Diverses nations ne laissent pas d'habiter ces contrees\" (Scanzia or\n    Scandinavia). \"Ptolomee en nomme sept principales. Celle qui s'appelle\n    Adogit, et qui est la plus reculee vers le Nord, voit (dit on) durant\n    l'Este le Soleil rouler l'horizon quarante jours sans se coucher; mais\n    aussi pendant l'Hyver, elle est privee de sa lumiere un pareil espace\n    de temps, payant ainsi par le long ennui que lui cause l'absence de cet\n    Astre, la joye que sa longue presence lui avoit fait ressentir.\"\n\nThere is a little old book called _Histoire des Intrigues Galantes de la\nReine Christine de Suede et de sa Cour, pendant son sejour a Rome. A\nAmsterdam_, 1697. It opens thus:\n\n    \"Rome, qui est le centre de la religion, est aussi le Theatre des plus\n    belles Comedies du Monde:\"\n\nand after giving various accounts, personal and incidental, of her\nmercurial majesty, and of her pilgrimage to Rome, recites the following\nepigram on her first intrigue there, which, to give due precedence to the\nchurch, happened to be with a Cardinal, named Azolin:-- {371}\n\n  \"Mais Azolin dans Rome\n  Sceut charmer ses ennuis,\n  Elle eut sans ce grand homme\n  Passe de tristes nuits;\"\n\nadding:\n\n    \"Dans ce peu de paroles Mr. de Coulanges [its author] dit beaucoup de\n    choses, et fait comprendre l'intrigue du Cardinal avec la Reine.\"\n\nI can find no account of this Reverend Cardinal. Who was he (if anybody),\nand what is his history? And who was the author of these odd memoirs of the\nSwedish Queen?\n\nAt page 228. of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" I see mention of an English translation\nof _Danish_ ballads by Mr. Borrow. Is there any translation of _Norwegian_\nballads? Many of them are very beautiful and characteristic, and well\nworthy of an able rendering into our own language, if there were any one to\nundertake it. There is also much beauty in the Norwegian national music, of\nwhich a pretty but limited collection, the _Norske Field-Melodier_,\narranged by Lindeman, is published at Christiania.\n\nWhat is the best method of reaching Iceland? and what _really good_ books\nhave been published on that country within the last twenty years?\n\nWILLIAM E. C. NOURSE.\n\nLondon, April 22. 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE ROTATION OF THE EARTH.\n\nQuery, Has Mons. Foucault's pendulum experiment been as yet clearly\nenunciated? and do I understand it aright, when I conceive it is intended\nto show the existence of a certain uniform _rotation in azimuth of the\nhorizon_, but different for different latitudes; which rotation, if made\nout to exist, is acquired solely in virtue of the uniform diurnal rotation\n(15deg hourly) in right ascension of the equator, identical in all\nlatitudes.\n\nA pendulum, manifestly, can only be suspended vertically, and can only\nvibrate in a vertical plane; and surely can only be conceived, in the\ncourse of the experiment, to be referred to the _horizon_, that great\ncircle of the heavenly sphere to which all vertical circles are referred.\n\nA spectator at the north pole has the pole of the heavens coincident with\nhis zenith; and there, all declination circles are also vertical circles;\nand there, the equator coincides with the horizon; whereby the whole effect\nof the rotation of the earth there (15deg hourly) may be conceived to be\ngiven to the _horizon_: whilst, at the equator, the horizon is\nperpendicular to the equator, which therefore gives no such rotation at all\nto the horizon. Simple inspection of a celestial globe will illustrate\nthis. Considering the matter thus, at the pole the rotation of the\n_horizon_ is 15deg hourly, and at the equator is 0, or nothing. But the\nsine of the latitude (=90deg) at the pole is unity, or 1; and the sine of\nthe latitude (=0deg) at the equator is 0. Therefore, at these two extremes,\nthe expression 15deg x sin. lat. actually does give the amount of _hourly\napparent rotation of the horizon_; namely, 15deg at one place, and 0deg at\nthe other. Now, as I understand the experiment, as given in the public\nprints, it is asserted that the same expression of 15deg x sin. lat. will\ngive the _rotation of the horizon_ in intermediate latitudes; of which\nrotation I subjoin a table calculated for the purpose.\n\n  +-----------+-------------+-----------------------+---------------------+\n  |           |             |       Value of        |      Apparent       |\n  |           |   Natural   |  15deg x Sin. Lat.,   |   corresponding     |\n  |  Degrees  |  Values of  |      or apparent      | Times of _Horizon_, |\n  |    of     | Sine of the |  _hourly_ Amount of   |     performing      |\n  | Latitude. |  Latitude.  |      Rotation of      |    one Rotation     |\n  |           |             | _Horizon_, in Degrees | of 360deg, in Hours |\n  |           |             |     and Decimals.     |    and Decimals.    |\n  +-----------+-------------+-----------------------+---------------------+\n  |   deg     |             |         deg           |       h             |\n  |     0     |    0.000    |          0.00         |   Infinite time.    |\n  |     1     |    0.017    |          0.26         |       1371.0        |\n  |     2     |    0.035    |          0.53         |        682.1        |\n  |     3     |    0.053    |          0.79         |        458.5        |\n  |     4     |    0.070    |          1.05         |        342.6        |\n  |     5     |    0.087    |          1.31         |        255.4        |\n  |     6     |    0.104    |          1.57         |        229.6        |\n  |     7     |    0.122    |          1.83         |        169.9        |\n  |     8     |    0.139    |          2.09         |        172.5        |\n  |     9     |    0.156    |          2.35         |        153.4        |\n  |    10     |    0.173    |          2.60         |        138.1        |\n  |    20     |    0.342    |          5.13         |         70.2        |\n  |    30     |    0.500    |          7.50         |         48.0        |\n  |    40     |    0.643    |          9.64         |         37.3        |\n  |    50     |    0.766    |         11.49         |         31.3        |\n  |    60     |    0.866    |         13.00         |         27.7        |\n  |    70     |    0.940    |         14.09         |         25.5        |\n  |    80     |    0.985    |         14.77         |         24.4        |\n  |    90     |    1.000    |         15.00         |         24.0        |\n  +-----------+-------------+-----------------------+---------------------+\n\nNow this is the point which, it should seem, ought to be the business of\nexperimenters to establish; it being proposed, as we are informed, to\nswing, in different latitudes, freely suspended pendulums, over horizontal\ndials, or circular tables, properly graduated, similarly to the horizons of\ncommon globes; and to note the _apparent_ variation of the plane of\noscillation of the pendulums with respect to the graduated dials; these\nlatter serving as representatives of the horizon. For the hypothesis is (as\nI understand it), that the pendulums will continue to swing each of them\nseverally in one invariable vertical plane fixed in free space, whilst the\nhorizontal dials beneath, by their rotation, will slip away, as it were,\nand turn round in _azimuth_, from under the planes of the pendulums.\n\nIt should seem to be imperative on those who wish to put this experiment to\nproof, to give all possible attention to the precautions suggested in the\nexcellent paper that appeared on the subject, on Saturday, April 19, in the\n_Literary Gazette_, copied also into the _Morning Post_ of Monday the 21st.\nTo my mind, the experiment is beset with practical difficulties; but even\nshould the matter {372} be satisfactorily made out to those best capable of\njudging, I cannot readily conceive of an experiment less likely than the\nabove to carry conviction to the minds of the wholly unlearned of the\nrotation of the earth.\n\nI perceive that B.A.C., in the _Times_ of April 24, avows his determined\nscepticism as to the virtue of the experiment.\n\nROBERT SNOW.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n_William ap Jevan's Descendants._--In Burke's _Landed Gentry_, p. 1465.,\nmention is made of William ap Jevan, \"an attendant upon Jasper Duke of\nBedford, and afterwards upon Hen. VII.;\" and of a son, Morgan Williams,\nancestor of the Cromwells. Will some correspondent oblige by giving a\nreference to where any account may be met with of any other son, or\nchildren, to such William ap Jevan, and his or their descendants?\n\nW. P. A.\n\n\"_Geographers on Afric Downs._\"--Can any of your correspondents tell me\nwhere these lines are to be found?--\n\n  \"So geographers on Afric downs,\n  Plant elephants instead of towns.\"\n\nThey sound Hudibrastic, but I cannot find them in _Hudibras_.\n\nA. S.\n\n_Irish Brigade._--Can any of your correspondents furnish any account of\nwhat were called \"The Capitulations of the Irish Brigades?\" These\n_Capitulations_ (to prevent mistakes) were simply the agreements under\nwhich foreign regiments entered the French service. The Swiss regiments had\ntheir special \"capitulations\" until 1830, when they ceased to be employed\nin France. They appear to have differed in almost every regiment of the\nIrish brigade; the privileges of some being greater than those of others.\nOne was common to all, namely, the right of _trial_ by their officers or\ncomrades solely, and according to the laws of their own country.\n\nAlso, is there any history of the brigades published? I have heard that a\nColonel Dromgoole published one. Can any information be afforded on that\nhead?\n\nK.\n\n_Passage in Oldham._--The following lines, on the virtues of \"impudence,\"\noccur in that exquisite satirist, Oldham, described by Dryden as \"too\nlittle and too lately known:\"\n\n  \"Get that great gift and talent, impudence,\n  Accomplish'd mankind's highest excellence:\n  'Tis that alone prefers, alone makes great,\n  Confers alone wealth, titles, and estate;\n  Gains place at court, can make a fool a peer;\n  An ass a bishop; can vil'st blockhead rear\n  To wear red hats, and sit in porph'ry chair:\n  'Tis learning, parts, and skill, and wit, and sense,\n  Worth, merit, honour, virtue, innocence.\"\n\nI quote this passage chiefly with reference to the \"porphyry chair,\" and\nwith the view of ascertaining whether the allusion has been explained in\nany edition of Oldham's Poems. Does the expression refer to any established\nuse of such chairs by the wearers of \"red hats?\" or is it intended merely\nto convey a general idea of the sumptuousness and splendour of their style\nof living?\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia, March, 1851.\n\n_Mont-de-Piete._-Can any of your readers furnish information as to the\nconnexion between these words and the thing which they are used to denote?\nMrs. Jameson says, in her _Legends of the Monastic Orders_, p. 307.:\n\n    \"Another attribute of St. Bernardin's of Siena, is the\n    _Monte-di-Pieta_, a little green hill composed of three mounds, and on\n    the top either a cross or a standard, on which is the figure of the\n    dead Saviour, usually called in Italy a _Pieta_. St. B. is said to have\n    been the founder of the charitable institutions still called in France\n    _Monts-de-Piete_, originally for the purpose of lending to the poor\n    small sums on trifling pledges--what we should now call a loan\n    society,--and which, in their commencement, were purely disinterested\n    and beneficial. In every city which he visited as a preacher, he\n    founded a Monte-di-Pieta; and before his death, these institutions had\n    spread all over Italy and through a great part of France.\"\n\nIt is added in a note:\n\n    \"Although the figures holding the M. di P. are, in Italian prints and\n    pictures, styled 'San Bernardino da Siena,' there is reason to presume\n    that the honour is at least shared by another worthy of the same order,\n    'Il Beato Bernardino da Feltri,' a celebrated preacher at the end of\n    the fifteenth century. Mention is made of his preaching against the\n    Jews and usurers, on the miseries of the poor, and on the necessity of\n    having a _Monte-di-Pieta_ at Florence, in a sermon delivered in the\n    church of Santa Croce in the year 1488.\"\n\nOn p. 308. is a representation of the Monte-di-Pieta, borne in the saint's\nhand. I need not specify the points on which the foregoing extract still\nleaves information to be desired.\n\nW. B. H.\n\nManchester.\n\n_Poem upon the Grave._--A. D. would be obliged by being informed where to\nfind a poem upon The Grave. Two voices speak in it, and, it commences--\n\n  \"How peaceful the grave; its quiet how deep!\n  Its zephyrs breathe calmly, and soft is its sleep,\n  And flowerets perfume it with ether.\"\n\nThe second voice replies--\n\n  \"How lonesome the grave; how deserted and drear,\" &c. &c.\n\n_Clocks: when self-striking Clocks first invented._--In Bolingbroke's\n_Letters on the Study of History_ {373} (Letter IV.), I read the following\npassage in relation to a certain person:\n\n    \"His reason had not the merit of common mechanism. When you press a\n    watch or pull a clock, they answer your question with precision; for\n    they repeat exactly the hour of the day, and tell you neither more nor\n    less than you desire to know.\"\n\nI believe this work was written about 1711. Can you tell me when the\nself-striking clock was invented, and by whom?\n\nJINGO.\n\n_Clarkson's \"Richmond.\"_--Can any of your readers inform me who is in\npossession of the papers of the late Mr. Clarkson, the historian of\nRichmond, in Yorkshire? I wish to know what were the ancient documents, or\nother sources, from which the learned author ascertained some facts stated\nin his valuable work. To whom should I apply on the subject?\n\nD. Q.\n\n_\"Felix quem faciunt,\" &c._--I wish you could tell me where I can find this\nline:\n\n  \"Felix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum.\"\n\nEFFIGIES.\n\nWhitehall.\n\n_Sir Francis Windebank's elder Son._--Sir Francis Windebank, \"of\ntreacherous memory,\" it is well known, died at Paris in September, 1646. He\nhad two sons; what became of Thomas, the _elder_? Francis, the _second_,\nwas a colonel in the royal army: he was tried for cowardice in surrendering\nBlechingdon House, in Oxfordshire, to Oliver Cromwell without a blow; and\nbeing found guilty, was shot at Broken Hayes, near Oxford, in April, 1645.\nI am anxious to make out the fate of his elder brother.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Incised Slab._--I have a large incised slab in my church, with the figures\nof a man (Richard Grenewey) and his wife upon it, with the date 1473.\nFollowing the date, and filling up the remainder of the line of the\ninscription, is the figure of a cock in a fighting attitude. Can any of\nyour readers enlighten me on the subject?\n\nH. C. K.\n\n_Etymology of Balsall._--Will you allow me to ask some of your readers to\ngive me the etymology of _Balsall_? It occurs frequently about here, as\nBalsall Temple, B. Street, B. Grange, B. Common, and near Birmingham is\nBalsall Heath. It is not to be confounded with Beausall Common, which also\nis near this place.\n\nF. R.\n\nKenilworth.\n\n_St. Olave's Churches._--In the _Calendar of the Anglican Church_, Parker,\nOxford, 1851, at pp. 267. and 313., it is stated that Saint Olave helped\nKing Ethelred to dislodge the Danes from London and Southwark, by\ndestroying London Bridge; and that, in gratitude for this service, the\nchurches at each end of the bridge are dedicated to him;--on the Southwark\nside, St. Olave's, Tooley Street, is; but was there ever a church on the\nLondon side, bearing the same name?--The nearest one to the bridge is St.\nOlave's, Hart Street; but that is surely too distant to be called \"at the\nend of the bridge.\"\n\nE. N. W.\n\nSouthwark, April 21. 1851.\n\n_Sabbatical and Jubilee Years of the Jews._--As the solution of many\ninteresting topics in connexion with Jewish history is yet dependent on the\n_period_ of the institution of the Sabbatical and Jubilee years, the\nfollowing observations will not perhaps be deemed unworthy of a \"nook\" in\nyour columns. A spark may blaze! I therefore throw it out to be fanned into\na more brilliant light by those of your readers whose studies peculiarly\nfit them to inquire more searchingly into the subject. The Jews, it has\nbeen remarked by various writers, were ignorant of _astronomy_. Both,\nhowever, the Sabbatical and Jubilee years have been, as I conceive and will\nendeavour to show, founded on astronomical observation, commemorative of no\nparticular event in Jewish history, but simply that of the moon's\nrevolutions; for instance, with reference to the _Sabbatical_ year,\nallowing for a difference of four days and a half, which occurs _annually_\nin the time of the moon's position on the equator, it would require, in\norder to realise a number corresponding to the days (29) employed by the\nmoon in her synodical revolution round the earth, a period to elapse of\nlittle less than six years and a half: thus exhibiting the Jews' _seventh_\nor _Sabbatical year_, or year of rest. This result, besides being\ninstructive and commemorative of the moon's menstrual course, is at the\nsame time indicative, as each Sabbatical year rolls past, of the approach\nof the \"_finisher of the Seven Sabbaths of years_,\" or year of Jubilee, so\ndesignated from its being to the chosen people of God, under the Jewish\ndispensation, a year of \"freedom and redemption,\" in commemoration of the\nmoon's _complete_ revolution, viz., her return to a certain position at the\nprecise time at which she set out therefrom, an event which takes place but\nonce in _fifty years_: in other words, if the moon be on the equator, say,\non the first day of February, and calculating twenty-nine days to the\nmonth, or twelve lunations to the year, a cycle of fifty years, or \"seven\nSabbaths of years,\" must elapse ere she will again be in that position on\nthe same day.\n\nHIPPARCHUS.\n\nLimehouse, March 31. 1851.\n\n_Arms of Isle of Man._--The arms of the Isle of Man are gules, three legs\nconjoined in the fess point, &c. &c. or. These arms were stamped on the old\nhalfpence of the island, and we may well call them the current coin.\n\nIn an old edition of the _Mythology of Natalis_ {374} _Comus_, Patavii,\n1637, small 4to., at page 278., I find an Icon of Triptolemus sent by Ceres\nin a chariot drawn by serpents, hovering in the clouds over what I suppose\nto be Sicily, or Trinacria; and on a representation of a city below the\nchariot occurs the very same form of coin, the three legs conjoined, with\nthe addition of three ears of corn.\n\nThis seems to me to be a curious coincidence.\n\nMERVINIENSIS.\n\n_Doctrine of the Resurrection._--Can any of your readers inform me of any\ntraces of the doctrine of the Resurrection to be found in authors anterior\nto the Christian era? The following passage from Diogenes Laertius is\nquoted in St. John's _Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece_, vol. i. p.\n355.:\n\n    \"[Greek: Kai anabiosesthai, kata tous Magous, phesi (theopompos), tous\n    anthropous, kai esesthai athanatous.]\"\n\nHow far does the statement in this passage involve the idea of a _bodily_\nresurrection? I fancy the doctrine is not countenanced by any of the\napparitions in the poetical Hades of Virgil, or of other poets.\n\nZETETICUS.\n\n_National Debts._--Is there any published work descriptive of the origin of\nthe foundation of a \"National Debt\" in Florence so early as the year 1344,\nwhen the state, owing a sum of money, created a \"Mount or Bank,\" the shares\nin which were transferable, like our stocks? It is not mentioned in Niccolo\nMachiavelli's _History of Florence_; but I have a note of the fact, without\na reference to the authority. Is there any precedent prior to the\nfoundation of our National Debt?\n\nF. E. M.\n\n_Leicester's Commonwealth._--Are the real authors of _Leicester's\nCommonwealth_, and the poetical tract generally found with it, _Leicester's\nGhost_, known? According to Dodd's _Church History_, the first is\n_erroneously_ attributed to Robert Parsons the Jesuit.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nHISTOIRE DES SEVARAMBES.\n\n(Vol. iii., pp. 4. 72. 147.)\n\nThe History of the Sevarites, in the original English edition, consists of\ntwo parts: the first published in 1675, in 114 pages, small 12mo., without\na preface; the second published in 1679, in 140 pages, with a preface of\nsix pages. The French version of this work is much altered and enlarged.\nThe title is changed into _Histoire des Sevarambes_, the \"Sevarites\" being\ndropped. There is a preface of fifteen pages, containing a supposed letter\nfrom Thomas Skinner, dated Bruges, Oct. 28, 1672. The work is divided into\nfive parts, three of which are in the first, and two in the second volume\nof the Amsterdam edition of 1716. These five parts are together more than\ntwice as bulky as the two parts of the English work. There is no copy of\nthe original French edition of 1677-9 described by Marchand, in any English\npublic library; but if there is a copy in the French national library, any\nof your bibliographical correspondents at Paris could easily ascertain\nwhether (as is probably the case) the Amsterdam edition is a mere reprint\nfrom the original Paris edition.\n\nThe French version of this work is not only much enlarged, but it differs\nin the names and incidents, and is fuller in the account of the\ninstitutions and customs of the imaginary state. The English edition of\n1738 (1 vol. 8vo.) is a literal translation from the French version, though\nit does not purport to be a translation. It may be doubted whether the\ntranslator was aware of the existence of the English publication of 1675-9.\nThe German translation was published in 1680; the Dutch translation in\n1682: both these appear to have been taken from the French.\n\nMorhof (_Polyhistor._, vol. i. p. 74.), who inserts this work among the\n_libri damnati_, and dwells upon its deistical character, refers to the\nFrench version; and though he knew that the book had originally appeared in\nEnglish, he probably was not aware of the difference between the two\nversions. A note added by his first editor, Moller, states that Morhof\noften told his friends that he believed Isaac Vossius to have been the\nauthor of the work. Isaac Vossius was in England from 1670 until his death,\nwhich took place at Windsor, February 21, 1689. His residence in England,\ncombined with the known laxity of his religious opinions, doubtless\nsuggested to Morhof the conjecture that he wrote this freethinking Utopia.\nThere is, however, no external evidence to support this conjecture, or to\nshow that it had any better foundation than the conjecture that Bishop\nBerkeley wrote _Gaudentio di Lucca_. The University of Leyden purchased the\nlibrary of Isaac Vossius for 36,000 florins. If it is still preserved at\nLeyden, a search among his books might ascertain whether there is among\nthem any copy of the English or French editions of this work, and whether\nthey contain any written remark by their former possessor. Moreover, it is\nto be observed that the system of natural religion is for the first time\ndeveloped in the French edition; and this was the part which chiefly gave\nthe book its celebrity: whereas, the supposition of Morhof implies that the\nEnglish and French versions are identical.\n\nHeumann, in his _Schediasma de Libris Anonymis et Pseudonymis_ (Jena,\n1711), p. 161. (reprinted in Mylius, _Bibliotheca Anon. et Pseudon._,\nHamburg, 1740, vol. i. pp. 170-6.) has an article on the _Histoire des\nSevarambes_. It is there stated that \"Messieurs de Portroyal\" superintended\nthe French translation of the work; but no authority is given for the\nstatement. Christian Thomasius, {375} in his _Monthly Review_ of November\n1689, attributed the work to D'Allais (or Vairasse). He alleged three\nreasons for this belief: 1. The rumour current in France; 2. The fact that\nAllais sold the book, as well as his French grammar; 3. That a comparison\nof the two works, in respect of style and character of mind, renders it\nmost probable that both are by the same author. The testimony of Thomasius\nis important, as the date of its publication is only ten years posterior to\nthe publication of the last part of the French version.\n\nLeclerc, in a review of the _Schediasma_ of Heumann, in the _Bibliotheque\nChoisie_, published in 1712 (tom. xxv. p. 402., with an addendum, tom.\nxxvi. p. 460.), attests positively that Vairasse was the author of the work\nin question. He says that Vairasse (or, as he spells the name, Veiras) took\nthe name of D'Allais in order to sell his book. He had this fact from\npersons well acquainted with Vairasse. He likewise mentions that Vairasse\nwas well known to Locke, who gave Leclerc an account of his birthplace.\nLeclerc adds that he was acquainted with a person to whom Vairasse wished\nto dedicate his book (viz. the _Histoire des Sevarambes_), _and who\npossessed a copy of it, with a species of dedication, written in his hand_.\n\nThis testimony is so distinct and circumstantial, as to leave no reasonable\ndoubt as to the connexion of Vairasse with the French version. The\ndifficulty as to the authorship of the English version still, however,\nremains considerable. The extensive alterations introduced in the French\nedition certainly render it probable that _two_ different writers were\nconcerned in the work. The words of Leclerc respecting the information\nreceived from Locke are somewhat ambiguous; but they do not necessarily\nimply that Locke knew anything as to the connexion of Vairasse with the\nbook, though they are not inconsistent with this meaning. Locke had\ndoubtless become acquainted with Vairasse during his residence in England.\nConsidering the length of time which Vairasse passed in England, and the\neminence of the persons with whom he is said to have had relations (viz.\nthe Duke of York, Lord Clarendon, and Locke), it is singular that no\nmention of him should be discoverable in any English book.\n\nThe error, that the work in question was written by Algernon Sidney,\nappears to have arisen from a confusion with the name of Captain Siden, the\nimaginary traveller. Fabricius (_Bibliograph. Antiq._, c. xiv. s.16. p.\n491.) mentions Sidney and Vairasse as the two most probable claimants to\nthe authorship.\n\nHume, in his _Essay on Polygamy and Divorces_, refers to the _History of\nthe Sevarambians_, and calls it an \"agreeable romance.\"\n\nL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWAS THERE AN \"OUTER TEMPLE\" IN THE POSSESSION OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS OR\nKNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN?--(Vol. iii., p. 325.)\n\nI have great pleasure in complying with the very proper request of MR.\nFOSS, and give my authority at once for stating in the _Hand-book for\nLondon_ that the so-called \"Outer Temple\" was a part of the Fleet Street\npossession of the Knights Templars or Knights of St. John, or was in any\nmanner comprehended within the New Temple property of Fleet Street and\nTemple Bar. My authority is Sir George Buc, whose minute and valuable\naccount of the universities of England is dedicated to Sir Edward Coke.\nBuc's words are these:--\n\n    \"After this suppression and condemnation of the Templers, their house\n    here in Fleete Street came to the handes and occupation of diuers\n    Lordes. For our Antiquaries and Chronologers say, that after this\n    suppression Sir Thomas Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster (and Cousin to the\n    King then raigning) had it, but beeing after attainted of treason, hee\n    enjoyed it but a short time.\n\n    \"Then next Hugh Spencer Earle of Glocester got into it, but he also was\n    soone after attainted, and executed for Treason. After him Andomare de\n    Valence, a nobleman of the great house of Lusignan, and Earle of\n    Pembrooke, was lodged in it for a while. But this house was '_Equus\n    Seianus_' to them all: and (as here it appeareth) was ordayned by God\n    for other better uses, and whereunto now it serueth. After all these\n    noble tenants and occupants were thus exturbed, dead, and gone, then\n    certaine of the reuerend, ancient professours of the Lawes, in the\n    raign of King Edward the Third, obtained a very large or (as I might\n    say) a perpetuall Lease of this Temple, or (as it must bee understood)\n    of two parts thereof distinguished by the names of the Middle Temple\n    and the Inner Temple, from the foresayd Ioannites.... But the other\n    third part, called the Outward Temple, Doctor Stapleton, Bishop of\n    Exceter, had gotten in the raign of the former King, Edward the Second,\n    and conuerted it to a house for him and his successors, Bishops of\n    Exceter ... of whom the late Earle of Essex purchased it, and it is now\n    called Essex house: hauing first beene (as I haue sayd) a part of the\n    Templers' house, and in regard of the scituation thereof, without the\n    Barre, was called the Outward or Utter Temple, as the others, for the\n    like causes, were called the Middle Temple and the Inner Temple.\"--Sir\n    George Buc, in _Stow_ by Howes, ed. 1631, p. 1068.\n\nThis seems decisive, if Buc is to be relied on, as I think he is. But new\nfacts, such as MR. FOSS'S researches and MR. BURTT'S diligence are likely\nto bring to light, may upset Buc's statement altogether.\n\nI must join MR. FOSS in his wish to ascertain _when_ the names Inner Temple\nand Middle Temple were first made use of, with a further Query, which I\nshould be glad to have settled, _when_ the See of Exeter first obtained the\nsite of the so-called {376} \"Outer Temple?\" Stapleton, by whom it was\n_perhaps_ obtained, was Bishop of Exeter from 1307 to 1326.\n\nPETER CUNNINGHAM.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOBEISM.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 59.)\n\nIn reply to F. H., I beg leave to state that Obeism is not in itself a\nreligion, except in the sense in which Burke says that \"superstition is the\nreligion of feeble minds.\" It is a belief, real or pretended, in the\nefficacy of certain spells and incantations, and is to the uneducated negro\nwhat sorcery was to our unenlightened forefathers. This superstition is\nknown in St. Lucia by the name of _Kembois_. It is still extensively\npractised in the West Indies, but there is no reason to suppose that it is\nrapidly gaining ground. F. H. will find ample information on the subject in\nPere Labat's _Nouveau Voyage aux Isles francaises de l'Amerique_, tome ii.\np. 59., and tome iv. pp. 447. 499. and 506., edition of 1742; in Bryan\nEdwards' _History of the West Indies_, vol. ii. ch. iii., 5th edition\n(London, 1819); and in Dr. R. R. Madden's _Residence in the West Indies_,\nvol. ii. letter 27. Perhaps the following particulars from Bryan Edwards\n(who says he is indebted for them to a Mr. Long) on the etymology of\n_obeah_, may be acceptable to some of your readers:--\n\n    \"The term _obeah_, _obiah_, or _obia_, (for it is variously written,)\n    we conceive to be the adjective, and _obe_ or _obi_, the noun\n    substantive; and that by the word _obia_--men or women--is meant those\n    who practise _obi_. The origin of the term we should consider as of no\n    importance, in our answer to the question proposed, if, in search of\n    it, we were not led to disquisitions that are highly gratifying to\n    curiosity. From the learned Mr. Bryant's commentary upon the word\n    _oph_, we obtain a very probable etymology of the term. 'A serpent, in\n    the Egyptian language, was called _ob_ or _aub_.' '_Obion_ is still the\n    Egyptian name for a serpent.' 'Moses, in the name of God, forbids the\n    Israelites ever to inquire of the demon _Ob_, which is translated in\n    our Bible, charmer or wizard, divinator aut sorcilegus.' 'The woman at\n    Endor is called _oub_ or _ob_, translated Pythonissa; and _oubaois_ (he\n    cites from _Horus Apollo_) was the name of the Basilisk or Royal\n    Serpent, emblem of the sun, and an ancient oracular deity of Africa.'\"\n\nOne of your correspondents has formed a substantive from _obe_ by the\naddition of _ism_, and another from _obeah_ by the same process; but it\nwill be seen by the above quotation that there is no necessity for that\nobtrusive termination, the superstitious practice in question being already\nsufficiently described by the word _obe_ or _obi_.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia, March, 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSAN MARINO.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 321.)\n\nOn the death of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, without legitimate male\nissue, in October, 1468, Pope Paul II. declared Rimini and his other fiefs\nto have reverted to the Holy See. In the spring of the following year the\nPontiff proceeded, with the assistance of the Venetians, to enforce his\nclaim, and threatened the Republicans of San Marino with his vengeance if\nthey did not aid him and his allies in gaining possession of Rimini, which\nRoberto Malatesta, one of the illegitimate sons of Sigismondo Pandolfo, had\nseized by stratagem.\n\nBy advice of their faithful friend Federigo, Count of Urbino, who was at\nthe head of the opposite league, comprising the King of Naples, the Duke of\nMilan, and the Florentines, the San-Marinese forwarded the Papal mandate to\nFlorence, and requested through their ambassador, one Ser Bartolomeo, the\nsupport of that Republic. Several letters appear to have been sent in\nanswer to their applications, and the one communicated by MR. SYDNEY SMIRKE\nis characterised by Melchiarre Delfico (_Memorie storiche della Repubblica\ndi San Marino._ Capolago, 1842, 8vo. p. 229.) as\n\n    \"Del tutto didattica e parenetica intorno alla liberta, di cui i\n    Fiorentini facevano gran vanto, mentre erano quasi alla vigilia di\n    perderla intieramente.\"\n\nSan Marino was not attacked during the campaign, which terminated on the\n30th of August of the same year (1469) with the battle of Vergiano, in\nwhich Alessandro Sforza, the commander of the Papal forces, was signally\ndefeated by Federigo.\n\nSan Marino has never, so far as I have been able to ascertain, undergone\nthe calamity of a siege, and its inhabitants have uninterruptedly enjoyed\nthe blessing of self-government from the foundation of the Republic in the\nthird or fourth century to the present time, with the exception of the few\nmonths of 1503, during which the infamous Cesare Borgia forced them to\naccept a Podesta of his own nomination. Various causes have contributed to\nthis lengthened independence; but it may be stated that, in the fifteenth\nand sixteenth centuries, the San Marinese owed it no less to their own\npatriotism, courage, prudence, and good faith, than to the disinterested\nprotection of the Counts and Dukes of Urbino, whose history has been so\nably written by Mr. Dennistoun, in his recently published memoirs of that\nchivalrous race.\n\nThe privileges of the Republic were confirmed on the 12th of February,\n1797, by Napoleon Buonaparte, who offered to enlarge its territory,--a boon\nwhich its citizens were wise enough to decline; thinking, perhaps, with\nMontesquieu, that--\n\n    \"Il est de la nature d'une republique qu'elle n'ait qu'un petit\n    territoire: sans cela, elle ne peut guere subsister.\"--_Esprit des\n    Lois_, liv. viii. chap. 16.\n\nYour readers will find some notices of San {377} Marino in Addison's\n_Remarks on several Parts of Italy_; Aristotle's _Politics_, translated by\nGillies, lib. ii. Appendix.\n\nIts lofty and isolated situation has supplied Jean Paul with a simile in\nhis _Unsichtbare Loge_:\n\n    \"Alle andre Wissenschaften theilen sich jetzt in eine Universal\n    Monarchie ueber alle Leser: aber die Alten sitzen mit ihren wenigen\n    philologischen Lehnsleuten einsam auf einem S. Marino-Felsen.\"--_Jean\n    Paul's_ Werke (Berlin, 1840, 8vo.), vol. i. p. 125.\n\nIn the first line of the letter, \"ved_a_to\" should be ved_u_to; and in the\nseventh line, \"difender_ai_\" difender_vi_.\n\nF. C. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE BELLMAN AND HIS HISTORY.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 324.)\n\nThe Bellman's songs may be found in the _Bellman's Treasury, containing\nabove a Hundred several Verses, fitted for all Humours and Fancies, and\nsuited to all Times and Seasons_. London: 8vo. 1707. Extracts from this\nbook are given in Hone's _Every Day Book_, vol. ii. p. 1594.\n\nI have now before me a broadside thus entitled: \"A copy of verses, humbly\npresented to the Right Worshipful the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common\nCouncilmen, and the rest of my worthy Masters and Mistresses, dwelling in\nCambridge. By Thomas Adams, Bellman, 1810.\" There is a large engraving,\nfrom a wood-block, apparently a century old, representing a bellman, in a\nflowing wig and a three-cornered hat, holding, in his right hand a bell,\nand in his left a javelin and lantern; his dog is behind him.\n\nThe verses are:\n\n  1. Prologue.\n  2. To the Right Worshipful the Mayor.\n  3. To the Aldermen.\n  4. To the Common Councilmen.\n  5. To the Town Clerk.\n  6. To the Members for the Town.\n  7. On the King.\n  8. On the Queen.\n  9. On Christmas Day.\n  10. On New Year's Day.\n  11. To the Young Men.\n  12. To the Young Maids.\n  13. On Charity.\n  14. On Religion.\n  15. Epilogue.\n\nThis is marked as the 24th sheet; that is, as I suppose, the 24th set of\nverses presented by Mr. Adams.\n\nI have also a similar broadside, \"by Isaac Moule, jun., bellman, 1824,\"\nbeing \"No. III.\" of Mr. Moule's performances. The woodcut is of a more\nmodern character than Mr. Adams's, and delineates a bellman in a\nthree-cornered hat, modern coat, breeches, and stockings, a bell in his\nright hand, and a small dog by his side. The bellman is represented as\nstanding in front of the old Shire Hall in Cambridge, having Hobson's\nConduit on his right.\n\nThe subjects of Mr. Moule's verses are similar to those of Mr. Adams, with\nthe following variations. He omits verses to the Town Clerk, the Members\nfor the Town, the Queen, on Charity, and on Religion, and inserts verses\n\"On St. Crispin,\" and \"To my Masters and Mistresses.\"\n\nThe office of bellman in this town was abolished in 1836, and to the\nbellman's verses have succeeded similar effusions from the lamplighters,\nwho distribute copies when soliciting Christmas boxes from the inhabitants.\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge, April 28. 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n\"_God takes those soonest_,\" &c. (Vol. iii., p. 302.).--In Morwenstow\nchurchyard, Cornwall, there is this epitaph on a child:--\n\n  \"Those whom God loves die young!\n    They see no evil days,--\n  No falsehood taints their tongue,\n    No wickedness their ways.\n\n  \"Baptized, and so made sure,\n    To win their blest abode,--\n  What shall we pray for more?\n    They die, and are with God!\"\n\nC. E. H.\n\nThe belief expressed in these words is of great antiquity. See the story of\nCleobis and Biton, in Herod. l. 31., and the verse frown the [Greek: Dis\nexapaton] of Menander:\n\n  \"[Greek: Hon hoi theoi philousin apothneskei neos].\"\n  Meineke, _Fragm. Com. Gr._, vol. iv. p. 105.\n\nL.\n\nI would suggest to T. H. K. that the origin of this line is Menander's\n\n  \"[Greek: Hon hoi theoi philousin apothneskei neos].\"\n      Fragm. 128. in Meineke, _Fr. Com. Gr._\n\nimitated by Plautus:\n\n  \"Quem di diligunt adulescens moritur.\"\n                  _Bacch._ iv. 7. 18.\n\nwhence the English adage,\n\n  \"Whom the gods love die young.\"\n\nWordsworth's _Excur._, b. i., has this sentiment:\n\n              \"O, Sir, the good die first,\n  And those whose hearts are dry as summer dust,\n  Burn to the socket.\"\n\nC. P. PH****.\n\n    [Several other correspondents have kindly replied to this Query.]\n\n{378}\n\n_Disinterment for Heresy_ (Vol. iii, p. 240.).--Mr. Tracy's will, dated\n10th October, 22d Henry VIII. [1530], is given at length in Hall's\n_Chronicle_ (ed. 1809, p. 796.), where will be found the particulars of the\ncase to which ARUN alludes. See also Burnet's _History of the Reformation_\n(ed. 1841, vol. i. pp. 125. 657, 658. 673.), and Strype's _Annals of the\nReformation_, vol. i. p. 507. Strype states that Mr. Tracy's body was dug\nup and burnt \"anno 1532.\" William Tyndale wrote _Exposition on Mr. Will.\nTracies Will_, published in 8vo. at Nuremburgh, 1546. (Wood's _Athen.\nOxon._, vol. i. p. 37.)\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge, April 2. 1851.\n\n\"William Tracy, a worshipful esquire in Gloucestershire, and then dwelling\nat Todington,\" made a will, which was thought to contain heretical\nsentiments. His executor having brought in this will to be proved two years\nafter Tracy's death (in 1532), \"the Convocation most cruelly judged that he\nshould be taken out of the ground, and burnt as an heretick,\" which was\naccordingly done; but the chancellor of the diocese of Worcester, to whom\nthe commission was sent for the burning, was fined 300_l_. for it by King\nHenry VIII. Such is the story in Fox's _Martyrs_, anno 1532 (vol. ii. p.\n262. ed. 1684, which I have before me).\n\nEXON.\n\nThe date and some particulars of the exhumation of the body of W. Tracy,\nEsq., of Toddington Park, ancestor of the present Lord Sudeley, ARUN will\nfind in Foxe's _Acts and Monuments_, vol. v. p. 31. ed. 1843, and the note\nin appendix will point out other sources.\n\nNOVUS.\n\n_The Vellum-bound Junius_ (Vol. iii., pp. 262. 307.).--In the Number dated\nApril 19, 1851, p. 307., is a request for information relative to the\n\"Vellum-bound copy of Junius;\" also a reference to the subject in a prior\nnumber of the \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\" Not being in England, and not having the\nprior numbers, it is not possible to make myself acquainted with the\nsubject contained in that reference, but I will endeavour to throw some\nlight on the Query in the Number which has been forwarded to me. The writer\nof the _Letters of Junius_ was the secretary of the first Marquis of\nLansdowne, better known as Lord Shelburne. From his Lordship he obtained\nall the political information necessary for his compositions. The late\nMarquis of Lansdowne possessed the copy bound in vellum (two volumes), with\nmany notes on the margin in Lord Shelburne's handwriting; they were kept\nlocked up in a beautiful ebony casket bound and ornamented with brass. That\ncasket has disappeared, at least so I have been told, and not many years\nago inquiry was made for it by the present head of that house. Maclean was\na dark, strong-featured man, who wore his hat slouched over his eyes, and\ngenerally a large cloak. He often corrected the slips or proofs of his\nletters at Cox's, a well-known printer near Lincoln's Inn, who deemed\nhimself bound in honour never to divulge what he knew of that publication,\nand was agitated when once suddenly spoken to on the subject near the door\nof the small room in which the proofs were corrected, and with a high and\nhonourable feeling requested never to be again spoken to on the subject.\nThe late President of the Royal Academy, Benjamin West, knew Maclean; and\nhis son, the late Raphael West, told the writer of these remarks, that when\na young man he had seen him in the evening at his father's in Newman\nStreet, and once heard him repeat a passage in one of the letters which was\nnot then published. A more correct and veracious man than Mr. R. West could\nnot be. Maclean stammered, and was consequently of no use to Lord Shelburne\nas a debater and supporter in parliament. A place in the East Indies was\nobtained for him, and he sailed in the Aurora frigate for that dependency,\nand was lost in her at the same time with Falconer, the author of the poem\nentitled _The Shipwreck_. The able tract published by Mr. Pickering,\nPiccadilly, would constitute a fair foundation on which to build the\ninquiry.\n\nAEGROTUS.\n\n_Pursuits of Literature_ (Vol. iii., p. 240.).--I trust that the following\nnotes may be useful in assisting your correspondent S. T. D. to ascertain\n\"how the author of the _Pursuits of Literature_ became known.\" The first\nedition of the first part of the _Pursuits of Literature_ appears to have\nbeen published in quarto, by J. Owen, 168. Piccadilly, in 1794. In a volume\nof pamphlets I have the above bound up with the following:--\n\n    \"The Sphinx's Head Broken: or a Poetical Epistle, with notes to THOMAS\n    JAMES M*TH**S, Cl*rk to the Q***n's Tr**s*r*r. Proving him to be the\n    author of the Pursuits of Literature: a Satirical Poem. With occasional\n    Digressions and Remarks. By Andrew Oedipus, an injured Author. London:\n    Printed for J. Bell, No. 148. Oxford Street, opposite New Bond Street,\n    MDCCXCVIII.\"\n\nThis epistle is a very severe castigation for Mathias, whom Oedipus styles\nthe \"little black jogging man,\" whose\n\n    \"Politics and religion are very well, but he is a detestable pedant,\n    and his head is a lumber-garret of Greek quotations, which he raps out\n    as a juggler does ribbands at a country fair.\"\n\nAnd speaking of \"Chuckle Bennet,\" he calls him in a note,\n\n    \"A good calf-headed bookseller in Pall Mall, the intimate confidant and\n    crony of little M*th**s, and who, upon Owen's bankruptcy, published\n    Part IV. of _Pursuits of Literature_ himself.\"\n\nOf Owen, who published Part I., our author says: {379}\n\n    \"Hither the sly little fellow got crony Becket to send his satirical\n    trumpery;\"\n\nwhich is further explained in the following note:\n\n    \"Becket's back door is in an alley close to his house; here have I\n    often seen little M*th**s jog in and sit upon thorns for fear of being\n    seen, in the back-parlour, chattering matters over with old Numscull.\n    After passing through many hands, the proof sheets at last _very slily_\n    reached little M*th**s that he might revise the learned lumber.\"\n\nAfter alluding to several pieces published by Mathias, our unmerciful\ncritic adds in another note:\n\n    \"It is very remarkable how strongly the characteristic features of\n    identity of authorship are marked in these several pieces; the little\n    man had not even the wit to print them in a different manner, yet\n    strange to tell, few, very few, could smell the he-goat!\n\n  \"Who reads thy _hazy weather_ but must swear,\n  'Tis Thomas James M*th**s to a hair!\"\n\nMERCURII.\n\n_Dutch Books_ (Vol. iii., p. 326.).--MARTINUS is probably aware that the\nlibrary of the Fagel family is now a part of the University Library of\nDublin, and that it contains a very fine collection of Dutch literature, in\nwhich it is very possible some of the books of which he is in search may be\nfound.\n\nThe auction catalogue prepared in 1800, when the library was to have been\nsold by auction, had it not been purchased by the University of Dublin, is\nprinted, and a copy of it is at his service, if he will inform me through\nyou how to send it to him.\n\nThis library contains many rare tracts and documents well worthy of Mr.\nMacaulay's attention, if he is about to continue his history of the\nRevolution; but I have not heard whether he has made any inquiry after\nthem, or whether he is aware of their existence. There is a curious MS.\ncatalogue of them in the possession of the University, which was too\nvoluminous to be printed, when the library was about to be sold.\n\nHIBERNICUS.\n\n_Engilbert, Archbishop of Treves_ (Vol. i., p 214.).--There can be no doubt\nthat the bishop's reference is incorrect, and the suggestion of T. J. (Vol.\niii., p. 291.) to consult the reprint of 1840 affords no aid in setting it\nright; for there we find (p. 178.) a note as follows:\n\n    \"There was no Engilbert, Archbishop of Treves, nor is there any work in\n    this name in Goldasti.\"\n\nI have, however, consulted Mr. Bowden's _Life and Pontificate of Gregory\nVII._, in order, if possible, to find a clue; and in a note in vol. ii. p.\n246. of that work is a statement of the hesitation of the Pope on the\ndoctrine of the eucharist, with a reference as follows:\n\n    \"Vid. _Egilberti_ archiep. Trevir. epist. adv. Greg. VII., in Eccardi\n    Corp. historic. Medii Aevi. t. ii. p. 170.\"\n\nThis reference I have verified, and found in the epistle of Egilbertus the\npassage which, no doubt, Bishop Cosin refers to, and which Mr. Bowden\ncites:\n\n    \"En verus pontifex et sacerdos, qui dubitat si illud quod sumatur in\n    dominica mensa sit verum corpus et sanguis Christi!\"\n\nSo much for that part of the difficulty, but another still remains. Was\nthere ever an Egilbertus, or Engilbertus, Archbishop of Treves? To solve\nthis question I consulted a list of the Archbishops of Treves in the\n_Bibliotheque Sacree_ of Richard et Giraud, and I there find the following\nstatement:\n\n    \"_Engelbert_, grand-prevot de Passau, fut intrus par la faveur de\n    l'empereur Henri IV., et sacre par des eveques schismatiques. Il mourut\n    en 1101.\"\n\nTYRO.\n\nDublin.\n\n_Charles Lamb's Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., p. 322.).--According to Mr. Thorne\n(_Rambles by Rivers_, 1st series, p. 190.) the inscription in the\nchurchyard at Edmonton, to the memory of Charles Lamb, was written \"by his\nfriend, Dr. Carey, the translator of 'Dante.'\" Mr. Thorne gives an anecdote\nconcerning this inscription which I venture to transcribe, in the\nexpectation that it may interest your correspondent MARIA S., and others of\nyour numerous readers.\n\n    \"We heard a piece of criticism on this inscription that Lamb would have\n    enjoyed. As we were copying it, a couple of canal excavators came\n    across the churchyard, and read it over with great deliberation; when\n    they had finished, one of them said, 'A very fair bit of poetry that;'\n    'Yes,' replied his companion, 'I'm blest if it isn't as good a bit as\n    any in the churchyard; rather too long, though.'\"\n\nBy \"Dr. Carey,\" of course, is meant the Rev. Henry Francis Cary, M.A.,\nVicar of Bromley Abbots, Staffordshire, and Assistant Librarian in the\nBritish Museum, as he was the translator of \"Dante,\" and an intimate friend\nof Charles Lamb.\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge, April 28. 1851.\n\n_Charles II. in Wales_ (Vol. iii., p. 263.).--In answer to DAVYDD GAM'S\nQuery, it may be observed that I have never heard of the tradition in\nquestion, nor have I met with any evidence to show that Charles II. was in\nany part of Wales at this period. In \"The true Narrative and Relation of\nhis most sacred Majesty's Escape from Worcester,\" _Selection from the\nHarleian Miscellany_, 4to., p. 380., it is stated that the king meditated\nthe scheme of crossing into Wales from White Ladies, the house of the\nPenderells, but that \"the design was crossed.\" One of the \"Boscobel\nTracts,\" at p. 137., treating of the same period, and compiled by the king\nhimself in 1680, mentions his {380} intention of making his escape another\nway, which was to get over the Severn into Wales, and so get either to\nSwansea, or some other of the sea towns that he knew had commerce with\nFrance; beside that he \"remembered several honest gentlemen\" that were of\nhis acquaintance. However, the scheme was abandoned, and the king fled to\nthe southward by Madeley, Boscobel, &c., to Cirencester, Bristol, and into\nDorsetshire, and thence to Brighton, where he embarked for France on the\n15th Oct., 1651.\n\nLancaiach is still in possession of the Prichard family, descendants of\nCol. Prichard.\n\nThere is a tradition that Charles I. slept there on his way from Cardiff\nCastle to Brecon, in 1645, and the tester of the bed in which his Majesty\nslept is stated to have been in the possession of a Cardiff antiquary now\ndeceased. The facts of the case appear in the _Iter Carolinum_, printed by\nPeck (_Desiderata Curiosa_). The king stayed at Cardiff from the 29th July\nto the 5th August, 1645, on which day he dined at Llancaiach, and supped at\nBrecon.\n\nJ. M. T.\n\n\"_Ex Pede Herculem_\" (Vol. iii., p. 302.).--The following allusion to the\nfoot of Hercules occurs in _Herodotus_, book iv. section 82.:\n\n    \"[Greek: Ichnos Herakleos phainousi en petrei eneon, to oike men bemati\n    andros, esti de to megathos dipechu, para ton Turen potamon.]\"\n\n  ALFRED GATTY.\n\nThe origin of this phrase is connected with the following story:--A certain\nGreek (whose name has for the present escaped me, but who must have been\nready to contribute to the \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" of his time) was one day\nobserved carefully \"stepping\" over the [Greek: aulos] or footrace-course at\nOlympia; and he gave as a reason for so doing, that when that race-course\nwas originally marked out, it was exactly six hundred times as long as\nHercules' foot (that being the distance Hercules could run without taking\nbreath): so that by ascertaining how many times the length of his own foot\nis contained, he would know how much Hercules' foot exceeded his foot in\nlength, and might therefrom calculate how much Hercules' stature exceeded\nthat of ordinary men of those degenerate days.\n\nJ. EASTWOOD.\n\nEcclesfield.\n\nThis proverb does not appear to be of classical origin. Several proverbs of\na similar meaning are collected in Diogenian, v. 15. The most common is,\n[Greek: ek ton onuchon ton leonta], _ex ungue leonem_. The allusion to\nHercules is probably borrowed from some fable.\n\nL.\n\n_Bucaneers_ (Vol. i., p. 400.).--Your correspondent C. will find an\ninteresting account of the Bucaneers in a poem by M. Poirie St. Aurele,\nentitled _Le Flibustier_, and published by Ambroise Dupont & Co., Paris,\n1827. The Introduction and Notes furnish some curious particulars relative\nto the origin, progress, and dissolution of those once celebrated pirates,\nand to the daring exploits of their principal leaders, Montauban, Grammont,\nMonbars, Vand-Horn, Laurent de Graff, and Sir H. Morgan. The book contains\nmany facts which go far to support Bryan Edwards's favourable opinion. I\nmay add that the author derives the French word _flibustier_ from the\nEnglish _freebooter_, and the English word _bucaneer_ from the French\n_boucanier_; which latter word is derived from _boucan_, an expression used\nby the Caribs to describe the place where they assembled to make a repast\nof their enemies taken in war.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia, March, 1851.\n\n_God's Acre_ (Vol. iii., p. 284.).--By a _Saxon_ phrase, MR. LONGFELLOW\nundoubtedly meant _German_. In Germany _Gottes-acker_ is a name for\nchurchyard; and it is to be found in Wachter's _Glossarium Germanicum_, as\nwell as in modern dictionaries. It is true there is the other word\n_Kirchhof_, perhaps of more modern date.\n\n    \"GOTS-AKER. Caemeterium. Quasi ager Dei, quia corpora defunctorum\n    fidelium comparantur semini. 1 Cor. xv. 36., observante Keyslero in\n    _Antiq. Septentr._ p. 109.\"--Wachter's _Gloss. Germanicum_.\n\nVery interesting are also the other allegorical names which have been given\nto the burial-places of the dead. They are enlarged upon in Minshew's\n_Guide to Tongues_, under the head \"Churchyard.\"\n\n    \"Caemeterium (from the Greek), signifying a dormitory or place of\n    sleep. And a Hebrew term (so Minshew says), Beth-chajim, _i. e._ domus\n    viventium, 'The house of the living,' in allusion to the resurrection.\"\n\nOur matter-of-fact \"Church-_yard_ or inclosure\" falls dull on the ear and\nmind after any of the above titles.\n\nHERMES.\n\n_God's Acre._--The term _God's Acre_, as applied to a church-garth, would\nseem to designate the consecrated ground set apart as the resting-place of\nHis faithful departed, sown with immortal seed (1 Cor. xv. 38.), which\nshall be raised in glory at the great harvest (Matt. xiii. 39.; Rev. xiv.\n15.). The church-yard is \"dedicated wholly and only for Christian burial,\"\nand \"the bishop and ordinary of the diocese, as _God's minister, in God's\nstead accepts it_ as a freewill offering, to be severed from all former\nprofane and common uses, to be held as holy ground,\" and \"to be _God's\nstorehouse_ for the bodies of His saints there to be interred.\" See \"Bishop\nAndrewes' Form of Consecration of a Churchyard,\" _Minor Works_, pp.\n328-333., Oxf., 1846.\n\nMACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.\n\n{381}\n\nP.S. When was the name of _Poet's Corner_ first attached to the south\ntransept of Westminster Abbey?\n\nJermyn Street.\n\n_Abbot Eustacius_, of whom J. L. (Vol. iii., p. 141.) asks, was the Abbot\nof Flay, and came over from Normandy to England, and preached all through\nthis kingdom with much effect in the beginning of John's reign, A. D. 1200,\nas Roger Hovedene tells us, _Annal._, ed. Savile, London, 1596, _fos._ 457.\n_b_, 466. _b._ Wendover (iii. 151.) and Matt. Paris _in anno_, mention him.\n\nD. ROCK.\n\n_Vox Populi Vox Dei_ (Vol. iii., p. 288.) is, I find, a much older proverb\nin England than Edward III.'s reign, for whose coronation sermon it was\nchosen the text, not by Simon Mepham, but Walter Reynolds, as your\ncorrespondent ST. JOHNS rightly says. Speaking of the way in which St. Odo\nyielded his consent to the Abp. of Canterbury, circ. A. D. 920, William of\nMalmesbury writes: \"Recogitans illud proverbium, _Vox populi vox\nDei_.\"--_De Gestis Pont._, L. i. fo. 114., ed. Savile.\n\nD. ROCK.\n\n_Francis Moore and his Almanack_ (Vol. iii., p. 263.).--Mr. Knight, in his\n_London_, vol. iii. p. 246., throws a little light on this subject:\n\n    \"The renowned Francis Moore seems to have made his first appearance\n    about the end of the seventeenth century. He published a _Kalendarium\n    Ecclesiasticum_ in 1699, and his earliest _Vox Stellarum_ or _Almanac_,\n    as far as we can discover, came out in 1701,\" &c.\n\nBut Mr. Knight is not sure that \"Francis Moore\" was not a _nom de guerre_,\nalthough at p. 241. he gives the portrait of the \"Physician\" from an\nanonymous print, published in 1657.\n\nA. A.\n\nAbridge.\n\nThere is an Irish edition published in Drogheda, sold for threepence, and\n_embellished_ with a portrait of Francis Moore. Can Ireland claim this\nworthy? Many farmers and others rely much on the weather prophecies of this\nalmanack. A tenant of mine always announces to me triumphantly that \"Moore\nis right:\" but his triumphs come at very long intervals.\n\nK.\n\nI can answer part of H. P. W.'s Query. Francis Moore's celebrated\n_Almanack_ first appeared in 1698. We have this date upon his own\nconfession. Before his _Almanack_ for 1771 is a letter which begins thus:\n\n  \"Kind Reader,\n\n    \"This being the 73rd year since my Almanack first appeared to the\n    world, and having for several years presented you with observations\n    that have come to pass to the admiration of many, I have likewise\n    presented you with several hieroglyphics,\" &c.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\nThat such a personage really did exist there can be little doubt, Bromley\n(in _Engraved Portraits, &c._) gives 1657 as the date of his birth, and\nsays that there was a portrait of him by Drapentier _ad vivum_. Lysons\nmentions him as one of the remarkable men who, at different periods,\nresided at Lambeth, and says that his house was in Calcott's Alley, High\nStreet, then called Back Lane, where he seems to have enlightened his\ngeneration in the threefold capacity of astrologer, physician, and\nschoolmaster.\n\nJ. C. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nProfessor De Morgan has just furnished a new contribution to _L' Art de\nverifier les Dates_, in the shape of a small but most useful and practical\nbook, entitled _The Book of Almanacks, with an Index of Reference, by which\nthe Almanack may be found for every year, whether in the Old Style or New,\nfrom any Epoch Ancient or Modern up to_ A. D. 2000. _With means of finding\nthe Day of any New or Full Moon from_ B. C. 2000 _to_ A. D. 2000. An\nexample will show, better even than this ample title-page, the great\nutility of this work to the historical enquirer. Walter Scott, speaking of\nthe battle of Bannockburn, which was fought on the day of St. John the\nBaptist, June 24, 1314, says,\n\n  \"It was a night of lovely June,\n  High rose in cloudless blue the moon.\"\n\nNow, should the reader be desirous of testing the accuracy of this\nstatement, (and how many statements have ere this been tested by the fact\nof the moon's age!), he turns to Professor De Morgan's Index, which at 1314\ngives Epact 3., Dominical Letter F., Number of Almanack 17. Turning to this\nalmanack, he finds that the 24th June was on a Monday; from the\nIntroduction (p. xiii.) and a very easy calculation, he learns that the\nfull moon of June, 1314, would be on the 27th, or within a day, and from a\nmore exact method (at p. xiv.), that the full moon was within two hours of\nnine A.M., on the 28th. So that Sir Walter was correct, there being more\nthan half moon on the night of which he was speaking. Such an instance as\nthe one cited will show how valuable the _Book of Almanacks_ must prove to\nall historical students, and what a ready test it furnishes as to accuracy\nof dates, &c. It must take its place on every shelf beside Sir H. Nicolas'\n_Chronology of History_.\n\nWe doubt not that many of our readers share our feeling as to the\nimportance of children's books, from the influence they may be destined to\nexercise upon generations yet unborn. To all such we shall be doing\nacceptable service by pointing out Mrs. Alfred Gatty's little volume, _The\nFairy Godmothers and other Tales_, as one which combines the two essentials\nof good books for children; namely, imagination to attract, and sound\nmorals to instruct. Both these requisites will be found in Mrs. Gatty's\nmost pleasing collection of tales, which do not require the very clever\nfrontispiece by Miss Barker to render the volume an acceptable gift to all\n\"good little Masters and Mistresses.\" {382}\n\nMessrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson (3. Wellington Street, Strand) will commence\non Monday a six-days' Sale of most interesting Autograph Letters,\nHistorical Documents, and original MSS. of distinguished writers, as that\nof _Kenilworth_ in the Autograph of Sir W. Scott, of _Madoc_ in that of\nSouthey, unpublished poems by Burns, and _Le Second Manuscrit venu de St.\nHelene_. One of the most curious Lots is No. 1035, Shakspeare's play of\n_Henry IV._, two parts condensed into one,--a contemporary and unique\nManuscript, being the only one known to exist of any of the productions by\nthe Sweet Bard of Avon. It is presumed to be a playhouse copy with\ncorrections in the Autograph of Sir Edward Deering of Surrenden, in Kent,\n(who died in 1644); and, as no printed copy is known to contain the various\ncorrections and alterations therein, is supposed to have been so corrected\nfor the purposes of private representation, it being well known that\ntheatricals formed a portion of the amusements in vogue at that baronet's\ncountry seat during the early portion of the reign of James I. Our readers\nwill remember that the Shakspeare Society showed their sense of its value\nby printing it under the editorship of Mr. Halliwell.\n\nCATALOGUES RECEIVED.--Emerson Charnley's (45. Bigg Market,\nNewcastle-upon-Tyne) Catalogue Part IV. of Books Old and New; W. Brown's\n(46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part LIII. of Valuable Second-hand Books.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\n    DIANA (ANTONINUS) COMPENDIUM RESOLUTIONEM MORALIUM. Antwerp.-Colon.\n    1634-57.\n\n    PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil, 1522.\n\n    CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681.\n\n    BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705.\n\n    THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND, edited by Leyden. 8vo. Edin. 1801.\n\n    THOM'S LAYS AND LEGENDS OF VARIOUS NATIONS. Parts I. to VII. 12mo.\n    1834.\n\n    L'ABBE DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo.\n    Utrecht, 1713.\n\n    CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, ou l'on traite de la Necessite,\n    de l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes en des differentes Formes de la\n    Souverainete, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Telemaque. 2 Vols.\n    12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.\n\n    The same. Second Edition, under the title \"Essai Philosophique sur le\n    Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fenelon,\" 12mo. Londres,\n    1721.\n\n    PULLEN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM, 8vo.\n\n    COOPER'S (C. P.) ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS, 8vo. 1822. Vol. I.\n\n    LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Sm. 8vo. 1837. Vols. X. XI. XII. XIII.\n\n    MILLER'S (JOHN, OF WORCESTER COLL.) SERMONS. Oxford, 1831 (or about\n    that year).\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\n_Although we have this week again enlarged our paper to twenty-four pages,\nwe have been compelled to postpone many interesting articles. Among these\nwe may particularise \"Illustrations of Chaucer, No. VI.,\" a valuable paper\nby_ MR. SINGER _on \"John Tradescant,\" and another on the \"Tradescent\nFamily\" by_ MR. PINKERTON; _and many Replies_.\n\nA. X. _The Brussels edition of the_ Biographie Universelle _is in 21 vols.\nBickers of Leicester Square marks a copy half-bound in 7 vols. at Five\nGuineas._\n\nTRIVIA _and_ A. A. D. _The oft-quoted line_ \"TEMPORA MUTANTUR,\" &c., _is\nfrom Borbonius_. _See_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vol. i., pp. 234. 419.\n\nA. A. D. _is referred to_ p. 357. _of our last Number for an explanation of\n\"Mind your Ps and Qs.\"_\n\nNEMO'S _Query respecting Pope Joan was inserted in_ No. 75. p. 265.; _a\nReply to it appears in_ No. 77. p. 306.; _and we have several more\ncommunications to which we hope to give insertion next week_.\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED.--_Ramasse--Prayer at the Healing--M. or N.--Deans Very\nReverend--Family of the Tradescants--Epitaph on the Countess of\nPembroke--West Chester--Demosthenes and New Testament--Pope Joan--Handbills\nat Funerals--Ventriloquist Hoax--Solid-hoofed Pigs--Aerial\nApparitions--Apple-pie Order--Wife of James Torre--Snail-eating--Epigram by\nT. Dunbar._\n\nVOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price_\n9s. 6d. _each_.\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and\nNewsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country\nSubscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it\nregularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet\naware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND\nQUERIES _in their Saturday parcels_.\n\n_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be\naddressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.\n\nERRATA.--Page 336. l. 4. for \"Burkdo_n_\" read \"Burkdo_u_.\" (i. e.\nBourdeaux); p. 341. l. 11. for \"la_u_rando\" read \"la_ce_rando;\" and in p.\n352. instead of between the years \"1825 and 1850,\" read \"1825 and 1830;\"\nand we are requested to add that the churchwardens' account of S. Mary de\nCastro, Leicester, had disappeared from the parish chest long prior to the\ntime mentioned.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPRINTING.\n\nA LECTURE, SPEECH, SERMON, OR ORATION, occupying about three quarters of an\nhour in delivery, printed on good paper, in bold clear type: 500 copies,\n3l. 17s. 6d.; 1000 copies, 5l. 10s. 1000 Circulars, Note Size, printed on\nCream-laid Note Paper, fly leaf, 17s. 6d., 1000 Ditto, on Superfine\nCream-laid Letter Paper, fly leaf, 1l. 5s.\n\nBATEMAN and HARDWICKE, 38. Carey Street, Lincoln's Inn.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis day is published, fcap. 8vo., price 5s.,\n\nPLEASURES, OBJECTS, and ADVANTAGES of LITERATURE. By the Rev. R. A.\nWILLMOTT, St. Catherine's, Bear Wood, Author of \"Jeremy Taylor, a\nBiography.\"\n\nLondon: T. BOSWORTH, 215. Regent Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNEW WORK BY PROFESSOR DE MORGAN.\n\nThis day, in One Volume, oblong 8vo., price 5s., cloth,\n\nTHE BOOK OF ALMANACS; with INDEX, by which the Almanac belonging to any\nYear preceding A. D. 2000 can be found; with means of finding New and Full\nMoons from B. C. 2000 to A. D. 2000. By AUGUSTUS DE MORGAN, Professor of\nMathematics in University College, London.\n\nThe \"Book of Almanacs\" will enable any one to lay open before him the whole\nAlmanac of any past year, of the present year, or of any future year, up to\nA. D. 2000, whether in old style or new, by one consultation of a simple\nIndex. This book will be useful to all who ever want an Almanac, past,\npresent, or future;--to Clergymen, as a perpetual index to the Sundays and\nFestivals;--to Lawyers in arranging evidence which runs over a long period,\nand to Courts of Law in hearing it;--to Historical and Antiquarian\nInquirers, in testing statements as to time and date;--to all, in fact, who\nare ever required to interest themselves about time past or future.\n\nTAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster\nRow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready, royal 8vo., pp. 1653. 21s.\n\nA COPIOUS AND CRITICAL LATIN-ENGLISH LEXICON, founded on the larger\nLatin-German Lexicon of DR. WILLIAM FREUND; with Additions and Corrections\nfrom the Lexicons of Gesner, Facciolati, Scheller, Georges, &c. &c. By\nE. A. ANDREWS, LL.D.\n\nLondon: SAMPSON LOW, 169. Fleet Street.\nNew York: HARPER and BROTHERS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{383}\n\n[Illustration]\n\nGREAT EXHIBITION.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCENTRAL AVENUE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nAn Illustrated Priced Catalogue of Church Furniture Contributed by\n\n  GILBERT J. FRENCH,\n  BOLTON, LANCASHIRE,\n\nforwarded Free by Post on application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nParcels delivered Carriage Free in London, daily.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCATALOGUES OF JOHN RUSSELL SMITH'S LITERARY COLLECTIONS.\n\n1. Parts I. and II. of a Classified Catalogue of 25,000 Ancient and Modern\nPamphlets.\n\n2. Books on the History and Topography of Great Britain, arranged in\nCounties.\n\n3. Twelve Hundred Books and Pamphlets relating to America.\n\n4. Five Hundred Books relating to the Counties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey.\n\n5. Ancient Manuscripts, Deeds, Charters, and other Documents relating to\nEnglish Families and Counties.\n\n6. Parts II. and III. for 1851, of Choice, Useful, and Curious Books, in\nmost Classes of Literature, containing 1600 articles.\n\n*** Any of the above Catalogues may be had, gratis, on application, or any\none will be sent by post on receipt of four postage labels to frank it.\n\n4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, 12mo. cloth, 5s.\n\nTHE DIALECT AND FOLK-LORE OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. A Glossary of\nNorthamptonshire Provincialisms, Collection of Fairy-Legends, Popular\nSuperstitions, &c. By THOMAS STERNBERG.\n\n    \"A skilful attempt to record a local dialect.\"--_Notes and Queries_,\n    No. 72.\n\n    \"Mr Sternberg has evinced a striking and peculiar aptitude for this\n    branch of enquiry.\"--_Northampton Mercury._\n\n    \"The notes on Folk-lore are curious, and worthy\n    consultation.\"--_Gentleman's Magazine._\n\nJ. RUSSELL SMITH, 4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street, London.\n\nVALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.\n\nPayment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting the\npolicy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as fully\ndetailed in the prospectus.\n\nA. SCRATCHLEY, M.A.,\n\nActuary and Secretary; Author of \"Industrial Investment and Emigration;\nbeing a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building Societies, &c.\"\nPrice 10s. 6d.\n\nLondon: J. W. PARKER, West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\nCOMMITTEE FOR THE REPAIR OF THE TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER.\n\nJOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A., 5, Upper Gloucester Street, Dorset Square.\n\nJ. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A., Geys House, Maidenhead.\n\nPETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A., Madeley Villas, Kensington.\n\nWILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A., _Honorary Treasurer_, 46. Parliament\nStreet.\n\nTHOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A., York Herald, College of Arms, St. Paul's.\n\nSIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.H., British Museum.\n\nJOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A., 25. Parliament St.\n\nHENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A., 37. Southampton Row, Russell Square.\n\nSAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A., Marlborough Square, Chelsea.\n\nWILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A., _Honorary Secretary_, 25. Holy-Well Street,\nMillbank, Westminster.\n\nTHE TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY stands in need of repair.\nThe portrait and the inscriptions have disappeared; the overhanging canopy\nhas suffered damage; the table is chipped and broken; the base is fast\nmouldering into irretrievable decay.\n\nSuch an announcement is calculated to stir every heart that can respond to\nthe claims of poetry, or feel grateful for the delight which it affords to\nevery cultivated mind. It summons us, like the sound of a trumpet, \"To the\nrescue!\" It cannot be that the first and almost the greatest of English\nbards should ever be allowed to want a fitting memorial in our \"Poet's\nCorner,\" or that the monument which was erected by the affectionate respect\nof Nicholas Brigham, nearly three centuries ago, should, in our time, be\npermitted to crumble into dust.\n\nA sum under One Hundred Pounds will effect a perfect repair.\n\nIt is thought that there can be no difficulty in raising such a sum, and\nthat multitudes of people in various conditions of life, and even in\ndistant quarters of the globe, who venerate the name of Chaucer, and have\nderived instruction and delight from his works, will be anxious to\ncontribute their mite to the good deed.\n\nThe Committee have therefore not thought it right to fix any limit to the\nsubscription; they themselves, with the aid of several distinguished\nnoblemen and gentlemen, have opened the list with a contribution from each\nof them of Five Shillings, but they will be ready to receive any amount,\nmore or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may be kind\nenough to remit to them.\n\nThe design of the Committee is sanctioned by the approval of the Earl of\nCarlisle, the Earl of Ellesmere, the Earl of Shaftesbury, Lord Braybrooke.\nLord Londesborough, Lord Mahon, the Right Hon. C. W. W. Wynn, and by the\nconcurrence of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster.\n\nAn account of the sums received and expended will be published when the\nwork is completed.\n\nSubscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at the\nUnion Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable to\nWilliam Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46. Parliament Street, at the\nCharing Cross Office.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{384}\n\nIn a few days will be published, in One handsome Volume 8vo., profusely\nIllustrated with Engravings by Jewitt,\n\nSome Account of Domestic Architecture in England;\n\nFROM\n\nTHE CONQUEST TO THE END OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY.\n\nWITH\n\nNUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS OF EXISTING REMAINS FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS.\n\nBY T. HUDSON TURNER.\n\nTHE TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME WILL BEST EXPLAIN ITS OBJECT.\n\nINTRODUCTION.\n\n    The Romans in England--Their Villas and Houses--Ordinary Plan of a\n    Roman House--Method of Building--The Saxons--Their Style of Building;\n    they probably occupied Roman Houses--A Saxon Hall--Houses of Winchester\n    and London in the Saxon Period--Decoration of Buildings--Romanesque\n    Style of Architecture introduced during the Saxon Period--Drawings in\n    Saxon MSS., their Character and Value as Architectural Evidence--The\n    Greek, or Byzantine School; its Influence on Saxon Art--Antiquity of\n    Chimneys; None at Rome in the Fourteenth Century--Character of the\n    Military Buildings of the Saxons--The Castles of Coningsburgh and\n    Bamborough later than the Saxon Period--Arundel, the only Castle said\n    to have been standing in the time of the Confessor--Norman\n    Castles--Domestic Architecture of the Normans--Stone Quarries--Use of\n    Plaster--Bricks and Tiles--Brickmaking, its Antiquity in\n    England--Masons and other Workmen--Glazing--Iron Works in\n    England--Architectural Designs of the Middle Ages, how made--Working\n    Moulds of Masons, &c.\n\nCHAPTER I.--TWELFTH CENTURY.\n\n    General Remarks--Imperfect Character of existing Remains of the Twelfth\n    Century--Materials for the History of Domestic Architecture; their\n    Nature--General Plan of Houses at this Date--Halls--Other Apartments of\n    Ordinary Houses--Bedchamber, Kitchen, Larder, &c.--King's Houses at\n    Clarendon and other Places--Hall, always the Chief Feature of a Norman\n    House--Alexander Necham, his Description of a House--Plan of Norman\n    Halls--Their Roofs--Situation of other Apartments relatively to the\n    Hall--Kitchens--Cooking in the Open Air--Bayeux Tapestry--Remains of a\n    Norman House at Appleton, Berks--Fences, Walls, &c.--Some Norman Houses\n    built in the form of a Parallelogram, and of Two Stories--Boothby\n    Pagnell, Lincolnshire--Christ Church, Hants--Jews' House at\n    Lincoln--Moyses' Hall, Bury St. Edmund's--Staircases, Internal and\n    External--External Norman Stair at Canterbury--Houses at\n    Southampton--Building Materials--Use of Lead for Roofs--English Lead\n    exported to France--Style of Norman Roofs--Metal Work; Hinges, Locks,\n    Nail-heads, &c.--Gloucester celebrated for its Iron\n    Manufactures--External Decoration of\n    Buildings--Windows--Glazing--Fire-places--Kitchens open in the\n    Roof--Hostelry of the Prior of Lewes--Internal Walls\n    Plastered--Furniture of Houses, Tapestry, &c--Floors generally of\n    Wood--Character London Houses in the Twelfth Century--Assize of 1189\n    regulating Buildings in London--Assize of the Year 1212 relating to the\n    same Subject--- Majority of London Houses chiefly of Wood and\n    Thatched--Wages of Workmen--Cookshops on Thames Side--Chimneys not\n    mentioned in the London Assizes, &c.\n\nCHAPTER II.--EXISTING REMAINS.\n\n    Oakham Castle, Rutlandshire--The King's House, Southampton--Minster,\n    Isle of Thanet--Christ Church, Hants--Manor-house at Appleton--Sutton\n    Courtney, Berks--St. Mary's Guild, and Jews' Houses,\n    Lincoln--Staircase, Canterbury--Warnford, Hants--Fountain's\n    Abbey--Priory, Dover--Moyses' Hall, Bury St. Edmund's--Hostelry of the\n    Prior of Lewes, Southwark--Boothby Pagnell, Lincolnshire--Barnack,\n    Northamptonshire--School of Pythagoras, Cambridge--Notes on Remains of\n    Early Domestic Architecture in France.\n\nCHAPTER III.--THIRTEENTH CENTURY.\n\n    General Remarks--Hall at Winchester--Reign of Henry III. remarkable for\n    the Progress of Architecture--Condition of Norman Castles in the\n    Thirteenth Century--Plan of Manor-houses at this Date--House built for\n    Edward I. at Woolmer, Hants--Description of House at Toddington, by M.\n    Paris--Meaning of term _Palatium_--Longthorpe, Stoke-Say Castle--West\n    Deane, Sussex--Aydon Castle--Little Wenham Hall--Two Halls at\n    Westminster, temp Henry III.--Temporary Buildings erected at\n    Westminster for the Coronation of Edward I.--Private Hospitality in\n    this Century--Kitchens--Wardrobes--Influence of Feudal Manners on\n    Domestic Architecture--Building Materials--Wood extensively\n    used--Manor-house of Timber engraved on a Personal Seal--Extensive Use\n    of Plaster--Roofs of the Thirteenth Century--Windows--Glass and\n    Glazing--Digression on the History of Glass-making in England--No Glass\n    made in England until the Fifteenth Century--Wooden Lattices,\n    Fenestrals, &c.--Fire-places and Chimneys--Mantels--Staircases,\n    External and Internal--Internal Decoration of\n    Houses--Wainscote--Polychrome--Artists of the Time of Henry III.; their\n    Style--Their Names--Spurs, Screens, &c.--Tapestry not used in Private\n    Dwellings in the Thirteenth Century. Flooring--Tiles--Baths Camerae\n    Privatae--Conduits and Drains--Houses in Towns--Parisian Houses--Other\n    Foreign Examples--Furniture--Carpets--General State of England in the\n    Thirteenth Century--State of Towns--London and Winchester\n    compared--Travelling--Hackneymen--Inns--State of Trade in\n    England--Agriculture--Remarks on Horticulture.\n\nCHAPTER IV.--THIRTEENTH CENTURY.--EXISTING REMAINS.\n\n    Aydon Castle, Northumberland--Godmersham, Kent--Little Wenham Hall,\n    Suffolk--Longthorpe, near Peterborough--Charney Basset, Berks--Master's\n    House, St. John's Hospital, Northampton--Stoke-Say Castle,\n    Shropshire--Coggs, Oxfordshire--Cottesford, Oxfordshire--Parsonage\n    House, West Tarring, Sussex--Archdeacon's House,\n    Peterborough--Crowhurst, Sussex--Bishop's Palace, Wells--Woodcroft\n    Castle, Northamptonshire--Old Rectory House, West Deane, Sussex--Acton\n    Burnell, Shropshire--Somerton Castle, Lincolnshire--Old Soar, Kent--The\n    King's Hall at Winchester--The Priory, Winchester--Stranger's Hall,\n    Winchester--House at Oakham, known as Flore's House--Thame,\n    Oxfordshire--Chipping-Norton, Oxfordshire--Middleton Cheney,\n    Oxfordshire--Sutton Courtney, Berkshire.\n\nCHAPTER V.--HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS.\n\nExtracts from the Liberate Rolls of Henry III., 1229-1259, relating to the\nfollowing places:--\n\n    Bridgenorth -- Brigstock -- Brill -- Bristol -- Canterbury -- Clarendon\n    -- Cliff -- Clipstone -- Corfe Castle -- Dover -- Dublin -- Evereswell\n    -- Feckenham -- Freemantle -- Geddington -- Gillingham -- Gloucester --\n    Guildford -- Havering -- Hereford -- Hertford -- Kennington --\n    Litchfield -- London, (Tower) -- Ely House -- Ludgershall --\n    Marlborough -- Newcastle -- Northampton -- Nottingham -- Oxford --\n    Rochester -- Sherbourn -- Silverstone -- Westminster -- Winchester --\n    Windsor -- Woodstock.\n\nSUPPLEMENTARY NOTES OF FOREIGN EXAMPLES.\n\n    General Remarks -- Treves -- Laon -- Ratisbon -- Gondorf -- Metz --\n    Toulouse -- Laon -- Bree -- Coucy -- Carden -- Tours -- Angers --\n    Fontevrault, (Kitchen) -- Perigueux -- St. Emilion -- Mont St. Michel\n    -- Beauvais.\n\nAPPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS.\n\nOXFORD: JOHN HENRY PARKER; AND 377. STRAND, LONDON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Brid in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, May 10. 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCorrections made to printed original.\n\npage 366, \"Knew William of Deloraine\" - 'Delorane' in original.\n\npage 370, \"At the end of a postscript\" - 'postcript' in original.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 80, May 10, 1851: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":21088}