{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_36848/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_36848","id":"gutenberg_36848","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/36848","summary":null,"tags":["Arthurian romances","Category: British Literature","Category: Historical Novels","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Category: Romance","Early English Text Society","Lancelot (Legendary character) -- Romances"],"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by Louise Hope, Robert Cicconetti and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This\nfile was produced from images generously made available\nby The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[Transcriber\u2019s Note:\n\nThis e-text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file\nencoding, including:\n\n \u017f (long \u201cs\u201d)\n \u021c\u021d (yogh)\n m\u0305 (m with over-line; the equivalent \u201cn\u201d form is shown as\n \u00f1 with tilde for better font support)\n \u01fd (\u00e6 with accent, only in the Glossary)\n\nThere are also a few letters with macron (\u201clong\u201d mark). If any of these\ncharacters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic\ndoes not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and\nquotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text\nreader\u2019s \u201ccharacter set\u201d or \u201cfile encoding\u201d is set to Unicode (UTF-8).\nYou may also need to change the default font. As a last resort, use the\nLatin-1 version of the file instead.\n\nUnlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long \u201cs\u201d (\u017f).\nThe editor\u2019s Introduction says:\n\n We find, in the MS., both the long and the twisted _s_ (\u017f and s).\n These have been noted down as they occur, though I do not observe\n any law for their use. The letter \u201c\u00df\u201d has been adopted as closely\n resembling a symbol in the MS., which apparently has the force of\n double _s_, and is not unlike the \u201c_sz_\u201d used in modern German\n hand-writing.\n\nAn italic form of \u00fe (thorn) was apparently not available to the printer.\nIn the modern parts of this e-text, the letter has been italicized when\ncontext seems to warrant it. In the poem, all italics--representing\nexpanded contractions or abbreviations--are shown with {braces} as\n\u201cse{n}t\u201d or \u201c{and}\u201d. Other italics are shown conventionally with\n_lines_. To reduce visual clutter, italics in folio numbers (\u201c1\u00a0_b_\u201d)\nare unmarked. The change in labeling from \u201c21, 21b\u201d to \u201c22a, 22b\u201d\nappears to be accidental.\n\nLarge initial letters in the primary texts are marked with leading\ndouble ++ as \u201c++Messire\u201d, \u201c++Maist{er}\u201d. The random variation between\ncapital and lower-case letters after an initial is as in the original.\nSuperscripts are shown with ^ alone. Unless otherwise noted, the\nsuperscripting continues to the end of the word.\n\nIn the Glossary, \u021d (yogh) is alphabetized as z.\n\nIn the printed book, some line numbers were moved or omitted for reasons\nof space; they have been silently regularized. Sidenotes giving folio\nnumbers are shown as printed. Other sidenotes have been moved to the\nnearest convenient sentence break or major punctuation. Where practical,\nfootnotes are grouped together, preferably before headnotes, stanza\nbreaks (random) or decorative capitals. Headnotes have been moved to\nagree with the text, and will generally not coincide with printed page\nbreaks.\n\nExcept for footnotes and similar, all brackets [] are in the original.\nConversely, except for the indented stanzas at ll.\u00a0699-719, all blank\nlines within the poem were added by the transcriber.]\n\n\n\n\n The Romans\n of\n Lancelot of the Laik.\n\n\n\n\n Dublin: William Mcgee, 18, Nassau Street.\n Edinburgh: T. G. Stevenson, 22, South Frederick Street.\n Glasgow: Ogle & Co., 1, Royal Exchange Square.\n Berlin: Asher & Co., Unter Den Linden, 11.\n Boston, U.S.: Dutton & Co.\n New York: C. Scribner & Co.; Leypoldt & Holt.\n Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co.\n\n\n\n\n LANCELOT OF THE LAIK:\n\n A Scottish Metrical Romance,\n (About 1490-1500 A.D.)\n\n re-edited\n From a Manuscript in the Cambridge University Library,\n\n with an\n Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index,\n\n by\n THE REV. W. W. SKEAT, M.A.,\n\n Late Fellow of Christ\u2019s College, Cambridge;\n and Translator of the Songs and Ballads of Uhland.\n\n\n [Second and Revised Edition, 1870.]\n\n\n LONDON:\n Published for the Early English Text Society,\n By N. Tr\u00fcbner & Co., 60, Paternoster Row.\n MDCCCLXV.\n\n\n\n\n 6\n John Childs and Son, Printers.\n\n\n\n\nPREFACE.\n\n\nI.--DESCRIPTION OF THE MS., ETC.\n\nA former edition of the present poem was printed for the Maitland Club,\nin 1839, and edited by Joseph Stevenson, Esq. It has saved me all\ntrouble of transcription, but by no means, I\u00a0am sorry to say, that of\ncorrection. Those who possess the older edition will readily perceive\nthat it differs from the present one very frequently indeed, and that\nthe variations are often such as considerably to affect the sense. Many\nof the errors in it (such as _casualtyee_ for _casualytee_, _grone_, for\n_gone_, _reprent_ for _repent_) are clearly typographical, but there are\nothers which would incline me to believe that the transcription was too\nhastily executed; several passages being quite meaningless. Near the\nconclusion of Mr Stevenson\u2019s preface we read: \u201cThe pieces which have\nbeen selected for the present volume[P1] are printed with such errors of\ntranscription as have crept into them by the carelessness of the\nscribe;\u201d a\u00a0statement which certainly implies that there was no intention\non his part of departing from the original. Yet that he sometimes\nunconsciously did so to such an extent as considerably to alter (or\ndestroy) the sense, the reader may readily judge from a few examples:--\n\n [Footnote P1: The volume contains other poems besides \u201cSir\n Lancelot.\u201d]\n\n LINE. EDITION OF 1839. TRUE READING OF THE MS.\n\n 26. fatil (_fatal_), fatit (_fated_).\n 285. unarmyt (_unarmed_), enarmyt (_fully armed_).\n 682. can here, cam nere.\n 700. rendit (_rent_), vondit (_wounded_).\n 764. refuse (_refusal?_), reprefe (_defeat_).\n 861. felith (_feeleth_), \u017fetith (_setteth_).\n 1054. vyt, ry{ch}t.\n 1084. speiris, spuris.\n 1455. cumyng (_coming_), cunyng (_skill_).\n 1621. he war, be war (_beware_).\n 1641. promy\u00df, puny\u00df (_punish_).\n 2010. ane desyne, medysyne.\n 2092. born, lorn (_lost_).\n 2114. havin, harm.\n 2142. Hymene (!), hyme (_him_).\n 2219. such, furth (_forth_).\n 2245. al so y-vroght, al foly vroght.\n 2279. chichingis (!), thithingis (_tidings_).\n 2446. love, lore (_teaching_). Etc.\n\nSeveral omissions also occur, as, _e.g._, of the word \u201coff\u201d in l.\u00a07, of\nthe word \u201ctressore\u201d in l.\u00a01715, and of four whole lines at a time in two\ninstances; viz., lines 1191-4, and 2877-80. It will be found, in fact,\nthat the former text can seldom be safely quoted for the purposes of\nphilology; and I cannot but think Mr Stevenson\u2019s claim of being accurate\nto be especially unfortunate; and the more so, because the genuine text\nis much simpler and more intelligible than the one which he has given.\n\nThe original MS. is to be found in the Cambridge University Library,\nmarked Kk. 1.\u00a05. It formerly formed part of a thick volume, labelled\n\u201cTracts;\u201d but these are now being separated, for greater convenience,\ninto several volumes. The MS. of \u201cLancelot\u201d has little to do with any of\nthe rest as regards its subject, but several other pieces are in the\nsame hand-writing; and, at the end of one of them, an abstract of\nSolomon\u2019s proverbs, occur the words, \u201cExpliciunt Dicta Salamonis, per\nmanum V. de\u00a0F.\u201d[P2] This hand-writing, though close, is very regular,\nand my own impression certainly is that the scribe has almost always\nsucceeded in preserving the sense of the poem, though there is much\nconfusion in the dialectal forms, as will be shewn presently.\n\n [Footnote P2: See Mr Lumby\u2019s editions of \u201cEarly Scottish Verse\u201d\n and \u201cRatis Raving,\u201d both edited for the E.E.T.S. from this MS.\n Only the latter of these is in the hand-writing of V. de\u00a0F.]\n\nThe present text is as close a fac-simile of the MS. as can be\nrepresented by printed letters, every peculiarity being preserved as far\nas practicable, even including the use of _y_ for _\u00fe_ (or _th_); so that\nthe reader must remember that _yow_ in l.\u00a094 stands for _thow_, and\n_yis_ in l.\u00a0160 for _this_, and so on; but this ought not to cause much\ndifficulty. The sole points of difference are the following:\n\n1. In the MS. the headings \u201cPrologue,\u201d \u201cBook I.\u201d etc., do not occur.\n\n2. The lines do not always begin (in the MS.) with a capital letter.\n\n3. The letters _italicized_ are (in the MS.) represented by signs of\ncontraction. One source of difficulty is the flourish over a word, used\n_sometimes_ as a contraction for _m_ or _n_. I\u00a0have expanded this\nflourish as an _m_ or _n_ wherever such letter is manifestly required;\nbut it also occurs where it is best to attach to it no value. In such\ninstances, the flourish occurs most frequently over the last word in a\nline, and (except very rarely) only over words which have an _m_ or _n_\nin them. It would thus seem that their presence is due to the fact of\nthe scribe wanting employment for his pen after the line had been\nwritten, and that the flourish therefore appears over certain words, not\nso much because the _n_ is _wanting_ in them, as because it is _there\nalready_. Such words have a special attraction for the wandering pen.\nStill, in order that the reader may know wherever such flourishes occur,\nthey have all been noted down; thus, in l.\u00a046, the stroke over the _n_\nin \u201cgre\u00f1\u201d means that a long flourish occurs drawn over the whole word,\nand the reader who wishes to expand this word into \u201cgren{e}\u201d or\n\u201cgren{n}\u201d may easily do it for himself, though he should observe that\nthe most usual form of the word is simply \u201cgren,\u201d as in lines 1000,\n1305.\n\nIn a few nouns ending in _-l_, the plural is indicated by a stroke drawn\nthrough the doubled letter; as in _perillis_, _sadillis_, etc.; and even\nthe word _ellis_ (else) is thus abbreviated.\n\n4. I am responsible for all hyphens, and letters and words between\nsquare brackets; thus, \u201cwith-outen\u201d is in the MS. \u201cwith outen;\u201d and\n\u201cknych[t]ly\u201d is written \u201cknychly.\u201d Whenever a line begins with a capital\nletter included between two brackets, the original has a blank space\nleft, evidently intended for an illuminated letter. Wherever illuminated\nletters actually occur in the MS., they are denoted in this edition by\nlarge capitals.\n\n5. We find, in the MS., both the long and the twisted _s_ (\u017f and s).\nThese have been noted down as they occur, though I do not observe any\nlaw for their use. The letter \u201c\u00df\u201d has been adopted as closely resembling\na symbol in the MS., which apparently has the force of double _s_, and\nis not unlike the \u201c_sz_\u201d used in modern German hand-writing. It may be\nconveniently denoted by _ss_ when the type \u201c\u00df\u201d is not to be had, and is\nsometimes so represented in the \u201cNotes.\u201d\n\n6. The MS. is, of course, not punctuated. The punctuation in the present\nedition is mostly new; and many passages, which in the former edition\nwere meaningless, have thus been rendered easily intelligible. I\u00a0am also\nresponsible for the headings of the pages, the abstract at the sides of\nthem, the numbering of the folios in the margin, the notes, and the\nglossary; which I hope may be found useful. The greatest care has been\ntaken to make the text accurate, the proof-sheets having been compared\nwith the MS. _three times_ throughout.[P3]\n\n [Footnote P3: This refers to the edition printed in 1865. In\n executing the present reprint, the proof-sheets have been once\n more compared with the MS., and a very few insignificant errors\n have been thus detected and rectified.]\n\n\nII.--DESCRIPTION OF THE POEM.\n\nThe poem itself is a loose paraphrase of not quite fourteen folios of\nthe first of the three volumes of the French Romance of Lancelot du Lac,\nif we refer to it as reprinted at Paris in 1513, in three volumes, thin\nfolio, double-columned.[P4] The English poet has set aside the French\nPrologue, and written a new one of his own, and has afterwards\ntranslated and amplified that portion of the Romance which narrates the\ninvasion of Arthur\u2019s territory by \u201cle roy de oultre les marches, nomme\ngalehault\u201d (in the English _Galiot_), and the defeat of the said king by\nArthur and his allies.\n\n [Footnote P4: \u201cAs to the Romance of Sir Lancelot, our author\n [Gower], among others on the subject, refers to a volume of which\n he was the hero; perhaps that of Robert de Borron, altered soon\n afterwards by Godefroy de Leigny, under the title of _Le Roman de\n la Charrette_, and printed, with additions, at Paris by Antony\n Verard, in the year 1494.\n\n For if thou wilt the bokes rede\n Of Launcelot and other mo,\n Then might thou seen how it was tho\n Of armes,\u201d etc. (GOWER: _Confessio Amantis_, Book iv.)\n\n_Quoted from_ Warton\u2019s English Poetry, vol. ii., p. 234, _ed._ 1840.\nI\u00a0quote this as bearing somewhat on the subject, though it should be\nobserved that _Le Roman de la Charrette_ is not the same with _Lancelot\ndu Lac_, but only a romance of the same class. Chaucer also refers to\nLancelot in his Nonnes Prestes Tale, l.\u00a0392; and it is mentioned in the\nfamous lines of Dante (_Inf._ v. 127)--\n\n \u201cNoi leggevamo un giorno per diletto\n Di Lancilotto, come amor lo strinse,\u201d &c.]\n\nThe Prologue (lines 1-334) tells how the author undertook to write a\nromance to please his lady-love; and how, after deciding to take as his\nsubject the story of Lancelot as told in the French Romance, yet finding\nhimself unequal to a close translation of the whole of it, he determined\nto give a paraphrase of a portion of it only. After giving us a brief\nsummary of the earlier part by the simple process of telling us what he\nwill _not_ relate, he proposes to begin the story at the point where\nLancelot has been made prisoner by the lady of Melyhalt, and to take as\nhis subject the wars between Arthur and Galiot, and the distinction\nwhich Lancelot won in them; and afterwards to tell how Lancelot made\npeace between these two kings, and was consequently rewarded by Venus,\nwho\n\n \u201cmakith hyme his ladice grace to have\u201d (l. 311).\n\nThe latter part of the poem, it may be observed, has not come down to\nus. The author then concludes his Prologue by beseeching to have the\nsupport of a very celebrated poet, whose name he will not mention, but\nwill only say that\n\n \u201cYe fresch enditing of his laiting toung\n Out throuch yis world so wid is yroung,\u201d etc.[P5] (l. 328.)\n\n [Footnote P5: He does not necessarily imply that the poet invoked\n was still alive; and we might almost suppose Petrarch to be meant,\n who was more proud of his Latin poem called \u201cAfrica\u201d than of his\n odes and sonnets. See Hallam\u2019s Literary History (4\u00a0vols.), vol.\n i., p.\u00a085. But this is pure conjecture.]\n\nThe first Book introduces us to King Arthur at Carlisle.[P6] The king is\nvisited by dreams, which he imagines to forebode misfortune; he\ntherefore convokes all his clerks, and inquires of them the meaning of\nthe dreams, proposing to hang them in the event of their refusal. Thus\nstrongly urged, they tell him that those on whom he most relies will\nfail him at his need; and when he further inquires if this evil fate can\nbe averted, they answer him very obscurely that it can only be remedied\nby help of the water-lion, the leech, and the flower; a\u00a0reply which the\nking evidently regards as unsatisfactory. Soon after an aged knight,\nfully armed, enters the palace, with a message from King Galiot,\nrequiring him to give \u201ctribute and rent.\u201d Arthur at once refuses,\nsomewhat to the astonishment of the knight, who is amazed at his\nhardihood. Next arrives a message from the lady of Melyhalt, informing\nArthur of the actual presence of Galiot\u2019s army. We are then momentarily\nintroduced to Lancelot, who is pining miserably in the lady\u2019s custody.\nNext follows a description of Galiot\u2019s army, at sight of the approach of\nwhich King Arthur and his \u201cniece,\u201d Sir Gawain, confer as to the best\nmeans of resistance. In the ensuing battle Sir Gawain greatly\ndistinguishes himself, but is at last severely wounded. Sir Lancelot,\ncoming to hear of Sir Gawain\u2019s deeds, craves leave of the lady to be\nallowed to take part in the next conflict, who grants him his boon on\ncondition that he promise to return to his prison. She then provides for\nhim a red courser, and a complete suit of red armour, in which guise he\nappears at the second battle, and is the \u201chead and comfort of the\nfield;\u201d the queen and Sir Gawain beholding his exploits from a tower.\nThe result of the battle convinces Galiot that Arthur is not strong\nenough at present to resist him sufficiently, and that he thus runs the\nrisk of a too easy, and therefore dishonourable, conquest; for which\nexcellent reason he grants Arthur a twelvemonth\u2019s truce, with a promise\nto return again in increased force at the expiration of that period. Sir\nLancelot returns to Melyhalt according to promise, and the lady is well\npleased at hearing the reports of his famous deeds, and visits him when\nasleep, out of curiosity to observe his appearance after the fight.\n\n [Footnote P6: But the French has \u201cCardueil.\u201d See l. 2153.]\n\nIn the Second Book the story makes but little progress, nearly the whole\nof it being occupied by a long lecture or sermon delivered to Arthur by\na \u201cmaster,\u201d named Amytans, on the duties of a king; the chief one being\nthat a king should give presents to everybody--a duty which is insisted\non with laborious tediousness. Lines 1320-2130 are almost entirely\noccupied with this subject, and will be found to be the driest part of\nthe whole narrative. In the course of his lecture, Amytans explains at\ngreat length the obscure prophecy mentioned above, shewing that by the\nwater-lion is meant God the Father, by the leech God the Son, and by the\nflower the Virgin Mary. Though the outline of a similar lecture exists\nin the old French text, there would seem to be a special reason for the\nlength to which it is here expanded. Some lines certainly seem to hint\nat events passing in Scotland at the time when the poem was composed.\nThus, \u201ckings may be excused when of tender age\u201d (l.\u00a01658); but when they\ncome to years of discretion should punish those that have wrested the\nlaw. Again we find (l.\u00a01920) strong warnings against flatterers,\nconcluding (l.\u00a01940) with the expression,\n\n \u201cWo to the realme that havith sich o chans!\u201d\n\nSuch hints may remind us of the long minorities of James II. and James\nIII.; and, whilst speaking on this subject, I\u00a0may note a somewhat\nremarkable coincidence. When King Arthur, as related in Book I., asks\nthe meaning of his dream, he is told that it signifies that \u201cthey in\nwhom he most trusts will fail him\u201d (l.\u00a0499); and he afterwards laments\n(l.\u00a01151) how his \u201cmen fail him at need.\u201d Now when we read that a story\nis current of a prophetess having told James III. that he was destined\nto \u201cfall by the hands of his own kindred,\u201d[P7] and that that monarch was\nin the habit of consulting _astrologers_[P8] (compare l.\u00a0432) as to the\ndangers that threatened him, it seems quite possible that the poem was\nreally composed about the year 1478; and this supposition is consistent\nwith the fact that the hand-writing of the present MS. copy belongs to\nthe very end of the fifteenth century.\n\n [Footnote P7: Tytler\u2019s History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1841), vol.\n iv., p.\u00a0216.]\n\n [Footnote P8: The French text does not say anything about\n \u201castronomy.\u201d We may especially note the following lines, as _not_\n being in the French, viz., lines 1473-1496, 1523-1542, 1599-1644,\n 1658-1680, and the long passage 1752-1998.]\n\nTowards the end of the Second Book, we learn that the twelvemonth\u2019s\ntruce draws near its end, and that Sir Lancelot again obtains permission\nfrom the lady to be present in the approaching combat, choosing this\ntime to be arrayed in \u201carmys al of blak\u201d (l.\u00a02426).\n\nIn the Third Book Galiot returns to the fight with a host thrice as\nlarge as his former one. As before, Gawain distinguishes himself in the\nfirst encounter, but is at length so \u201cevil wounded\u201d that he was \u201cthe\nworse thereof evermore\u201d (l.\u00a02706). In the second combat, the black\nknight utterly eclipses the red knight, and the last thousand (extant)\nlines of the poem are almost wholly occupied with a description of his\nwonderful prowess. At the point where the extant portion of the poem\nceases, the author would appear to be just warming with his subject, and\nto be preparing for greater efforts.\n\nIn continuance of the outline of the story, I may add that the French\ntext[P9] informs us how, after being several times remounted by Galiot,\nand finding himself with every fresh horse quite as fresh as he was at\nthe beginning of the battle, the black knight attempted, as evening\nfell, to make his way back to Melyhalt secretly. Galiot, however, having\ndetermined not to lose sight of him, follows and confronts him, and\nearnestly requests his company to supper, and that he will lodge in his\ntent that night. After a little hesitation, Lancelot accepts the\ninvitation, and Galiot entertains him with the utmost respect and\nflattery, providing for him a most excellent supper and a bed larger\nthan any of the rest. Lancelot, though naturally somewhat wearied,\npasses a rather restless night, and talks a good deal in his sleep. Next\nday Galiot prays him to stay longer, and he consents on condition that a\nboon may be granted him, which is immediately acceded to without further\nquestion. He then requests Galiot to submit himself to Arthur, and to\nconfess himself vanquished, a\u00a0demand which so amazes that chieftain that\nhe at first refuses, yet succeeds in persuading Lancelot to remain with\nhim a little longer. The day after, preparations are made for another\nbattle, on which occasion Lancelot wears Galiot\u2019s armour, and is at\nfirst mistaken for him, till Sir Gawain\u2019s acute vision detects that the\narmour really encases the black knight. As Lancelot now fights on\nGaliot\u2019s side, it may easily be imagined how utter and complete is the\ndefeat of Arthur\u2019s army, which was before victorious owing to his aid\nonly; and we are told that Arthur is ready to kill himself out of pure\ngrief and chagrin, whilst Sir Gawain swoons so repeatedly, for the same\nreason, as to cause the most serious fears to be entertained for his\nlife. At this sorrowful juncture Lancelot again claims his boon of\nGaliot, who, in the very moment of victory, determines at last to grant\nit, and most humbly sues for mercy at the hands of Arthur, to that\nking\u2019s most intense astonishment. By this very unexpected turn of\naffairs, the scene of dolour is changed to one of unalloyed joy, and\npeace is immediately agreed upon, to the satisfaction of all but some\ntrue-bred warriors, who preferred a battle to a peace under all\ncircumstances. Not long after, Galiot discovers Lancelot with eyes red\nand swollen with much weeping, and endeavours to ascertain the reason of\nhis grief, but with small success. After endeavouring to comfort\nLancelot as much as possible, Galiot goes to visit King Arthur, and a\nrather long conference takes place between them as they stand at Sir\nGawain\u2019s bedside, the queen being also present. In the course of it,\nGaliot asks Arthur what price he would pay to have the black knight\u2019s\nperpetual friendship; to which Arthur replies, he would gladly share\nwith him half of everything that he possessed, saving only Queen\nGuinevere. The question is then put to Gawain, who replies that, if only\nhis health might be restored, he would wish to be the most beautiful\nwoman in the world, so as to be always beloved by the knight. Next it is\nput to Guinevere, who remarks that Sir Gawain has anticipated all that a\nlady could possibly wish, an answer which is received with much\nlaughter. Lastly, Arthur puts the question to Galiot himself, who\ndeclares that he would willingly, for the black knight\u2019s sake, suffer\nthat all his honour should be turned into shame, whereat Sir Gawain\nallows himself to be outbidden. The queen then obtains a brief private\nconference with Galiot, and prays him to obtain for her an interview\nwith the black knight, who promises to do what he can to that end. He\naccordingly sounds the black knight upon the subject, and, finding him\nentirely of the same mind, does all he can to promote their\nacquaintance, and is at last only too successful; and at this point we\nmay suppose the Scottish Romance to have stopped, if indeed it was ever\ncompleted. For some account of the Romance of Lancelot, I\u00a0may refer the\nreader to Professor Morley\u2019s English Writers, vol. i., pp.\u00a0568-570, and\n573; to \u201cLes Romans de la Table Ronde,\u201d par M.\u00a0Paulin Paris; and to the\nPrefaces to the \u201cSeynt Graal,\u201d edited by Mr Furnivall for the Roxburghe\nClub, 1861, and \u201cLa Queste del Saint Graal,\u201d also edited by the same for\nthe same club in 1864. In the last-named volume short specimens are\ngiven from thirteen MSS. at Paris, ten of which contain the Romance of\nLancelot. There are also manuscript copies of it in the British Museum,\nviz., MSS. Harl. 6341 and 6342, Lansdowne 757, and MS. Addit. 10293.\n\n [Footnote P9: See Appendix.]\n\n\nIII.--THE DIALECT OF THE POEM.\n\nIn coming to discuss the dialect, we find everywhere traces of\nconsiderable confusion; but it is not at all easy to assign a\nsatisfactory reason for this.[P10] Certain errors of transcription soon\nshew that the scribe had before his eyes an older copy, which he\nmis-read. Thus, in l.\u00a0433, we find \u201cset,\u201d where the older copy must have\nhad \u201cfet,\u201d and which he must have mis-read as \u201c\u017fet;\u201d and again, in lines\n2865, 2883, he has, by a similar confusion between \u201cf\u201d and \u201c\u017f,\u201d written\n\u201cfir\u017ft\u201d instead of \u201cfift.\u201d It is most probable that the older copy was\nwritten in the Lowland Scottish dialect (the whole tone of the poem\ngoing to prove this), as shewn by the use of _ch_ for _gh_, as in\n_bricht_ for _bright_, (unless this be wholly due to the scribe); by the\noccurrence of plurals in _-is_, of verbal preterites and passive\nparticiples in _-it_, and of words peculiarly Scottish, such as _syne_\n(afterwards), _anerly_ (only), _laif_ (remainder), _oft-syss_\n(oft-times), etc. Moreover, the Northern _r_ is clearly indicated by the\noccurrence of such dissyllables as _gar-t_, 2777, _lar-g_, 2845,\n_fir-st_, 2958, 3075; with which compare the significant spellings\n_harrmful_, 1945, and _furrde_, 2583. But, on the other hand, it would\nappear as if either the author or the copyist had no great regard for\npure dialect, and continually introduces Southern and Midland forms,\nmixing them together in an indiscriminate and very unusual manner. We\nfind, for example, in line 1765,\n\n \u201cBe{ith} larg and iff{is} frely of thi thing,\u201d\n\nthe Scottish form _iffis_ (give) and the Southern _beith_ in close\nconjunction; and we find no less than six or seven forms of the plural\nof the past tense of the verb \u201cto be;\u201d as, for example, _war_ (3136),\n_veir_ (818), _ware_ (825), _waren_ (3301), _veryng_ (2971), _waryng_\n(443), etc. If we could suppose that the scribe was not himself a\nScotchman, we might in some measure account for such a result; but the\nsupposition is altogether untenable, as the peculiar character of the\nhandwriting (resembling that found, not in English, but in _French_\nMSS.) decides it to be certainly Scottish; as is also evident from the\noccurrence, in the same hand-writing, of a Scotticised version of\nChaucer\u2019s \u201cFlee from the press.\u201d\n\n [Footnote P10: For many valuable remarks upon the dialect of the\n poem I am indebted to Mr R.\u00a0Morris.]\n\nThe best that can be done is to collect a few instances of\npeculiarities.\n\n1. The broad Northumbrian forms _a_, _ane_, _baith_, _fra_, _ga_,\n_haill_, _hame_, _knaw_, _law_, _sa_, _wat_, although occasionally\nretained, are also at times changed into _o_, _one_, _boith_, _fro_,\n_go_, _holl_, _hom_, _know_, _low_, _so_, and _wot_. Thus, at the end of\nl. 3246, we find _haill_, which could not have been altered without\ndestroying the rime; but in l.\u00a03078, we find it changed, in the middle\nof the line, into _holl_. In l.\u00a03406, we find _sa_, but only three lines\nfurther on we find _so_ twice.\n\nSo, too, we not only find _tane_ (taken), _gais_ (goes), but also the\nforms _tone_ and _go\u00df_. See lines 1071, 1073.\n\n2. The true plural form of the verb is shewn by lines 203, 204,\n\n \u201cOf quhois fame and worschipful dedis\n Clerkis into diuer\u00df bukis _redis_,\u201d\n\nwhere alteration would have ruined the rime utterly; and the same\ntermination (_-is_) is correctly used in the imperative mood, as,\n\n ----\u201c\u017fo _giffis_ ws delay\u201d (l. 463);\n\n \u201cAnd of thi wordis _beis_ trew and stable\u201d (l. 1671);\n\nbut the termination _-ith_ is continually finding its way into the poem,\neven as early as in the fourth line,\n\n \u201c_Uprisith_ arly in his fyre chare;\u201d\n\nand in the imperative mood also, as,\n\n \u201c_Remembrith_ now it stondith one the poynt\u201d (l. 797).\n\nThe most singular point of all, however, is this--that, not content with\nchanging _-is_ into _-ith_ in the 3rd person singular, the scribe has\ndone the same even in the 2nd person, thus producing words which belong\nto no pure example of any distinct dialect. Observe the following\nlines:--\n\n \u201cO woful wrech, that _levis_ in to were!\n To schew the thus the god of loue me sent,\n That of thi seruice no thing is content,\n For in his court yhoue [= thou] _lewith_ in disspar,\n And vilfully _sustenis_ al thi care,\n And _schapith_ no thinge of thine awn remede,\n Bot _clepith_ ay and _cryith_ apone dede,\u201d etc. (ll. 84-90).\n\nHere _levis_ is altered into _lewith_, not only unnecessarily, but quite\nwrongly. For similar mistakes, see ll.\u00a01019, 1369, 1384, 2203. For\nexamples of correct usage, see ll. 1024, 1337, 1796, 2200, 2201.\n\n3. But the terminations which are used in the most confused manner of\nall are _-en_, _-yne_, and _-ing_ or _-yng_. Thus we find the\nnon-Scottish infinitives, _telen_ (494), _makine_ (191); the constant\nsubstitution of _-ing_ for _-and_ in the present participle;[P11]\na\u00a0confusion between the past participial ending _-ine_ (more correctly\n_-yn_), and the present ending _-and_, thus producing such forms as\n_thinkine_ (34), and _besichyne_ (418); and also a confusion between\n_-ing_ and the past participial ending _-en_, as _fundyng_ for _funden_\n(465), _fallyng_ for _fallen_ (1217, 1322, 3267), _swellyng_ for\n_swollen_ (1222), and _halding_ for _halden_ (2259). We even find _-ing_\nin the infinitive mood, as in _awysing_ (424), _viting_ (to know, 410),\n_smyting_ (1326), _warnnyng_ (1035), _passing_ (2148), _\u017fchewing_\n(2736), etc.; and, lastly, it occurs in the plural of the indicative\npresent, instead of the Midland _-en_; as in _passing_ (1166), _biding_\n(2670), and _levyng_ (3304).[P12]\n\n [Footnote P11: We find the true forms occasionally, as _obeisand_\n (641), _plesand_ (1731), _thinkand_ (2173), _prekand_ (3089), and\n _fechtand_ (3127). Compare the form _seruand_ (122).]\n\n [Footnote P12: \u201cThe Scottish pronunciation of _-ing_ was already,\n as it still is, _-een_; and the writer, knowing that the correct\n spelling of _dwellin_, for example, was _dwelling_, fancied also\n that _fallen_, _halden_ (Sc. _fallyn_, _haldyn_) were _fallyng_,\n _haldyng_. Lyndesay and Gawain Douglas often do the same. Compare\n _gardinge_ (l.\u00a050), _laiting_ (l.\u00a0327).\u201d --J.\u00a0A.\u00a0H. Murray.]\n\nIt may safely be concluded, however, that the frequent occurrence of\nnon-Scottish infinitives must not be attributed to the copyist, since\nthey are probably due rather to the author; for in such a line as\n\n \u201cOf his desir to viting the sentens\u201d (l. 410),\n\nthe termination _-ing_ is required to complete the rhythm of the line.\n\nIn the same way we must account for the presence of the prefix _i-_, as\nin the line\n\n \u201cQuharwith that al the gardinge was I-clede\u201d (l. 50).\n\nThis prefix never occurs in vernacular Scottish; but we may readily\nsuppose that this and other numerous Southern forms of words are due (as\nin Gawain Douglas and Lyndesay) to the author\u2019s familiarity with\nChaucer\u2019s poems, as evinced by the similarity of the rhythm to\nChaucer\u2019s, and by the close resemblance of several passages. Compare,\nfor instance, the first seventy lines of the Prologue with the opening\npassages of \u201cThe Flower and the Leaf,\u201d and \u201cThe Complaint of the Black\nKnight;\u201d and see notes to ll.\u00a0432, 1608. Indeed, this seems to be the\nonly satisfactory way of accounting for the various peculiarities with\nwhich the poem abounds.\n\nMr J. A. H. Murray, in his remarks printed in the preface to Mr Lumby\u2019s\nedition of \u201cEarly Scottish Verse,\u201d comes to a similar conclusion, and I\nhere quote his words for the reader\u2019s convenience and information.\n\u201cThere is no reason, however, to suspect the scribe of _wilfully_\naltering his original; indeed, the reverse appears manifest, from the\nfact that the \u2018Craft of Deyng\u2019 has not been assimilated in orthography\nto \u2018Ratis Raving,\u2019 but distinctly retains its more archaic character;\nwhile in \u2018Sir Lancelot,\u2019 edited by Mr Skeat for the Early English Text\nSociety, from the handwriting of the same scribe, we have a language in\nits continual Anglicisms quite distinct from that of the pieces\ncontained in this volume, of which the Scotch is as pure and unmixed as\nthat of the contemporary Acts of Parliament. With regard to the\nremarkable transformation which the dialect has undergone in Sir\nLancelot, there seems reason, therefore, to suppose that it was not due\nto the copyist of the present MS., but to a previous writer, if not to\nthe author himself, who perhaps affected _southernism_, as was done a\ncentury later by Lyndesay and Knox, and other adherents of the English\nparty in the Reformation movement. The Southern forms are certainly\noften shown by the rhyme to be original, and such a form as _tone_ for\n_tane_ = taken, is more likely to have been that of a Northerner trying\nto write Southern, than of a Southern scribe, who knew that no such word\nexisted in his dialect. The same may be said of the _th_ in the second\nperson singular. A\u00a0Scotch writer, who observed that Chaucer said _he\nliveth_, where he himself said _he lyves_, might be excused for\nsupposing that he would also have said _thou liveth_ for the Northern\n_thow lyves_; but we can hardly fancy a Southern copyist making the\nblunder.\u201d\n\n4. We find not only the Northumbrian forms _sall_ and _suld_, but also\n_shall_, _shalt_, and _shuld_.\n\n5. As regards pronouns, we find the Scottish _scho_ (she) in l.\u00a01169;\nbut the usual form is _sche_. We find, too, not only the broad forms\n_thai_, _thair_, _thaim_, but also _thei_ (sometimes _the_), _ther_, and\n_them_. As examples of forms of the relative pronoun, we may quote\n_who_, _quho_, _whois_, _quhois_ (whose), _quhom_, _qwhome_ (whom),\n_quhat_, _qwhat_ (what), and _whilk_, _quhilk_, _quhich_, _quich_,\n_wich_ (which). _Wich_ is used instead of _who_ (l.\u00a0387), and we also\nfind _the wich_, or _the wich that_, similarly employed. The nominative\n_who_ does not perhaps occur as a _simple_ relative, but has the force\nof _whoso_, or _he who_, as _e.g._, in l.\u00a01102; or else it is used\ninterrogatively, as in l.\u00a01172.\n\n6. Many other peculiarities occur, which it were tedious to discuss\nfully. It may suffice, perhaps, to note briefly these following. We find\nboth the soft sound _ch_, as in _wich_, _sich_, and the hard sound _k_,\nas in _whilk_, _reke_ (reach), _streke_ (stretch), etc.; which are the\ntrue Northern forms.\n\n_Mo_ is used as well as _more_.\n\n_Tho_ occurs for _then_ in l. 3184; and for _the_ in l. 247.\n\n_At_ occurs as well as _that_; _atte_ as well as _at the_, 627, 1055.\n\nThe short forms _ma_ (make), _ta_ (take), _sent_ (sendeth), _stant_\n(standeth), are sometimes found; the two former being Northumbrian.\n\n_Has_ is used twice as a _plural_ verb (ll. 481, 496).[P13]\n\n [Footnote P13: \u201cThe plural in Scottish always ends in _-s_ after a\n noun or when the verb is separated from its pronoun; we still say\n _the men hes_, _the bairns sings_, _them \u2019at cums_, not _have_,\n _sing_, _come_. Notice the frequent use of _th_ for _t_, as in\n l.\u00a0497, _Presumyth_ = _presumit_, presumed, it being presumed.\u201d\n --J.\u00a0A.\u00a0H. Murray. [Or, _presumyth_ may be the pl. imperative, as\n in _Remembrith_ (l.\u00a0797), already noticed. --ED.] ]\n\n_\u021cha_ (yes) occurs in l. 2843; but we also meet with _\u021dhis_, or _yis_;\nwith reference to which Mr Morris writes:-- \u201cThe latter term was not\nmuch in favour with the people of the North. Even now _yes_ sounds\noffensive to a Lancashire man. \u2018Hoo cou\u2019d naw opp\u2019n hur meawth t\u2019 sey\n_eigh_ (yea) or _now_ (no); boh simpurt on sed _iss_; th\u2019 dickons iss\nhur on him too. --_Tim Bobbin._\u2019\u201d In fact, the distinction between _\u021dha_\nand _\u021dhis_, which I have pointed out in _William of Palerne_ (Glossary,\ns.v. _\u021dis_), viz., that _\u021dha_ merely assents, whilst _\u021dhis_ shews\nthat the speaker has an opinion of his own, is in this poem observed.\nThus, in l.\u00a02843, _\u021dha_ = \u201cyes, I\u00a0admit that I do;\u201d but in l.\u00a0514, _yis_\n= \u201cyes, but you had better do so;\u201d in l.\u00a01397, _\u021dhis_ = \u201cyes, indeed I\nwill;\u201d and in l.\u00a03406, _\u021dis_ = \u201cyes, but I cannot accept your\nanswer.\u201d[P14] The true distinction between _thou_ and _ye_ (_William of\nPalerne_, Pref. p.\u00a0xli) is also generally observed. Thus the Green Bird,\nin the Prologue, considers the poet to be a fool, and calls him _thou_;\nbut the clerks, in addressing Arthur (l.\u00a0498) politely say _ye_. And\nagain, Amytans, when rebuking Arthur, frequently calls him _thou_,\nwithout any ceremony. Cf. ll.\u00a0659, 908, 921, 2839, &c.\n\n [Footnote P14: \u201cThis _\u021dis_ is the common form in the Scottish\n writers, though _ay_ is largely the modern vernacular.\u201d --J.\u00a0A.\u00a0H.\n Murray.]\n\nAs regards the vocabulary, we find that some Northumbrian terms have\nbeen employed, but others thrown aside. Thus, while we find the\nNorthumbrian words _thir_ (these), _traist_ (trust), _newis_ (neives,\nfists), _radour_ (fear), etc., we do not, on the other hand, meet with\nthe usual Scottish word _mirk_, but observe it to be supplanted by\n_dirk_ (l.\u00a02471). So, again, _eke_ is used in the sense of _also_,\ninstead of being a verb, as more usual in Northern works. We may note,\ntoo, the occurrence of _frome_ as well as _fra_, and the Scottish form\n_thyne-furth_ (thenceforth) in l.\u00a02196.\n\nThe spelling is very various. We find even four forms of one word, as\n_cusynace_, _cusynece_, _cusynes_, _cwsynes_; and, as examples of\neccentric spelling, may be quoted _qsquyaris_ (squires, l.\u00a03204), whilst\nin l.\u00a03221 we find _sqwar_.\n\nBoth in the marginal abstract and in the notes I have chiefly aimed at\nremoving minor difficulties by explaining sentences of which the\nconstruction is peculiar, and words which are disguised by the spelling.\nFor the explanation of more uncommon words, recourse should be had to\nthe Glossarial Index.\n\n\n\n\n[Transcriber\u2019s Note:\n\nMost of the French text was printed as a single continuous block, except\nwhere decorative initials mark new paragraphs. It has been broken up to\naccommodate the sidenotes.]\n\n\nAPPENDIX.\n\nEXTRACTS FROM THE FRENCH ROMANCE OF \u201cLANCELOT DU LAC.\u201d\n\n\nAs it seems impossible to do justice to the story of Lancelot without\ngiving due attention to the famous French Romance, and since a portion\nof the French text is really necessary to complete even that fragment of\nit which the Scottish author proposed to write, the following extracts\nhave been made with the view of shewing (1)\u00a0the general outline of the\nearlier part of the story, (2)\u00a0the method in which the Scottish author\nhas expanded or altered his original, and (3)\u00a0the completion of the\nstory of the wars between Arthur and Galiot.[A1]\n\n [Footnote A1: The extracts are from the Paris edition of 1513,\n 3\u00a0vols. folio, a\u00a0copy of which is in the King\u2019s Library in the\n British Museum. There are also two other editions in the Museum,\n one in the Grenville Library, 3\u00a0vols. Paris, 1494, folio; the\n other in one folio volume, Paris, 1520.]\n\n\nI. Headings of the chapters of the French Romance, from its commencement\nto the end of the wars with Galiot.\n\n[The commas are inserted by the present editor, and the expansions\nmarked by italics.]\n\n \u00b6 Cy commence la table du premier volume de la table ro{n}de\n lancelot du lac.\n\n[Sidenote: Claudas, king of Scotland, deprives king Ban and king Boort\nof their lands.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment apres la mort de vterpandragon roy du royaulme de\n logres, & apres la mort aramon, roy de la petite bretaigne, le roy\n claudas de la terre Descosse mena guerre contre le roy ban de benoic\n et le roy boort de gauues ta{n}t quil les desherita[A2] de leurs\n terres. Fueillet. i.\n\n [Footnote A2: See ll. 1447-1449.]\n\n[Sidenote: Claudas besieges Ban in the Castle of Trible.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy claudas assiegea le chasteau de trible\n auquel estoit le roy ban de benoic, et comment ilz parlementerent\n ensemble. f. i.\n\n[Sidenote: King Ban, his wife, and his son Lancelot repair to the court\nof Arthur.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy ban de benoic, accompaigne de sa femme et\n de son filz lancelot, auecq{ue}s vng seul escuyer, se partirent du\n chasteau de trible pour aller querir secours deuers le roy Artus a\n la grant bretaigne. Fueillet ii.\n\n[Sidenote: The Castle of Trible is treacherously given up to Claudas.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment apres ce que le roy ban fut party de son chasteau\n de trible, le seneschal a qui il auoit baille la garde trahit ledit\n chasteau, et le liura es mains du roy claudas. Fueillet. ii.\n\n[Sidenote: King Ban dies of grief, and Lancelot is taken away by the\nlady of the lake.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy ban mourut de dueil quant il veit son\n chasteau ardoir et brouyr. Et comment la dame du lac emporta son\n filz lancelot.[A3] Fueillet. iiii.\n\n [Footnote A3: Lines 215, 220.]\n\n \u00b6 Comme{n}t la royne helaine, apres que le roy fut mort et\n elle eut perdu son filz, se rendit nonnain en labbaye du monstier\n royal. Fueillet. v.\n\n[Sidenote: The two sisters, widows of kings Ban and Boort, retreat to a\nmonastery.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy de gauues mourut | & co{m}ment la Royne sa\n femme, pour paour de claudas, sen partit de son chasteau pour aller\n au monstier royal, ou sa seur estait rendue, et comment ses enfans\n Lyonnel et Boort luy furent ostez. Fueillet vi.\n\n \u00b6 Comment la royne de Gauues, apres que son seigneur fut\n mort et que elle eut perdu ses deux enfans, se vint rendre au\n monastere ou estoit sa seur la royne de benoic. Fueillet vi.\n\n[Sidenote: Merlin\u2019s love for the lady of the lake.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment merlin fut engendre du dyable: Et comment il fut\n amoureux de la dame du lac. Fueillet vii.\n\n[Sidenote: Sir Farien secretly nourishes the two sons of king Boort, and\nis made seneschal to king Claudas.]\n\n \u00b6 Comme{n}t le cheualier farien, qui auoit tollu a la royne\n de Gauues ses deux enfans, les emporta en sa maison | et les feist\n nourrir vne espace de temps. Et comment le roy claudas fut amoureux\n de la femme du dict Farien | et pource le fist son seneschal.\n Fueillet viii.\n\n[Sidenote: Claudas accuses Sir Farien of treason.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy claudas fist appeller son cheualier farien\n de trahison par ladmonnesteme{n}t de sa femme, disant quil gardoit\n les deux enfans du roy boort de gauues. Fueillet. viii.\n\n[Sidenote: Claudas, in disguise, visits Arthur\u2019s court.]\n\n \u00b6 comment le roy claudas en maniere de cheualier estrange, se partit\n du royaulme de gauues pour aller en la grant bretaigne a la court du\n roy artus pour veoir sa puissa{n}ce & son gouuernement.\n Fueillet x.\n\n[Sidenote: The lady of the lake informs Lancelot that he is a king\u2019s\nson.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment la dame du lac bailla a lancelot vng maistre pour\n linstruyre comme il appartenoit a filz de roy. Fueillet xii.\n\n \u00b6 Comme{n}t la royne helaine alloit faire chascun io{u}r son\n dueil au lieu ou son seigneur mourut | et de la alloit au lac ou\n elle perdit son filz. Fueillet xv.\n\n \u00b6 Comment le bon Religieux qui auoit dit nouuelles a la\n royne helaine de son filz lancelot, print conge de elle, et sen vint\n au roy artus en la grant bretaigne. Fueillet xvi.\n\n[Sidenote: The lady of the lake seeks to deliver the sons of king\nBoort.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment la dame du lac enuoya sa damoyselle a la court du\n roy claudas, pour delyurer les deux enfans au roy boort que claudas\n tenoit en prison. Fueillet xvii.\n\n \u00b6 Comment farien, seneschal du roy claudas par le\n comma{n}dement de son seigneur, alla querir en prison les deux filz\n au roy de Gauues. Fueillet xviii.\n\n[Sidenote: Lyonnel and Boort wound king Claudas, and slay his son\nDorin.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment les deux enfans au roy de gauues blecerent le roy\n claudas, & occire{n}t dorin son filz | et comment la damoyselle du\n lac les emmena en semblance de deux leuriers. fueil. xix.\n\n \u00b6 De la grant ioye et du grant honneur que la dame du lac\n fist aux deux enfans quant elle les veit en sa maison.\n Fueillet xx.\n\n[Sidenote: Claudas bewails his son\u2019s death.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy claudas mena tres grant dueil pour la mort\n de dorin son filz que boort auoit occis. Fueillet xx.\n\n \u00b6 Comment farien et le peuple de la cyte de gauues\n sesmeure{n}t contre le roy claudas a cause que il vouloit faire\n mourir les deux filz au roy boort de gauues. Fueillet. xxi.\n\n[Sidenote: Farien saves Claudas\u2019 life.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy claudas se partit de gauues | et comment\n ceulx dudit lieu le vouloient occire, se neust este farien le bo{n}\n cheualier. f. xxiii.\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy claudas se deffendit vaillamment contre\n ceulx de Gauues qui le vouloyent occire. Fueillet. xxv.\n\n \u00b6 Comment lyonnel et boort perdirent le boire et le manger\n pource quilz ne scauoyent nouuelles de leur maistres | lesquelz\n estoyent demourez auec le roy claudas | & comment la dame du lac\n enuoya vne sie{n}ne damoyselle a gauues pour les amener.\n Fueillet. xxvii.\n\n[Sidenote: Leonce and Lambegues go to seek Lyonnel and Boort.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment, par le conseil des baro{n}s de gauues: leonce &\n lambegues sen allerent auecques la damoyselle pour veoir leurs\n seigneurs lyonnel et boort. Fueillet xxviii.\n\n \u00b6 Comment la dame du lac sen retourna apres ce quelle eut\n monstre a leonce et a lambegues les enfa{n}s du roy de gauues leurs\n seign{eu}rs, et comment lesditz cheualiers sen retournere{n}t a\n gauues. Fueillet xxx.\n\n[Sidenote: Claudas meditates revenge.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy claudas retourna a gauues, po{u}r soy\n venger de la honte quon luy auoit faicte, et pour la mort de son\n filz. Fueil. xxxi.\n\n \u00b6 Comment lappointement fut fait entre le roy claudas et les\n barons, par le moyen de farien et lambegues son nepueu.\n fueillet. xxxiii.\n\n[Sidenote: Death of Farien.]\n\n \u00b6 Comme{n}t farien | sa femme, et son nepueu lambegues sen\n partirent pour aller veoir lyonnel et boort, qui estoyent au lac | &\n comment farien mourut. Fueillet xxxv.\n\n[Sidenote: The widow of king Boort sees her children and Lancelot in a\nvision, and dies.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment les deux roynes menerent saincte vie au monstier\n royal | et comment celle de gauues veit ces deux enfans & lancelot\n en aduision | et comment elle trespassa de ce siecle.\n Fueillet. xxxv.\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur holds a tournament, and Banin, son of king Ban, is the\nvictor.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy artus assembla le iour de pasques tous ses\n barons, & tint grant court a karahes, et comment banin le filleul au\n Roy ban emporta le pris du behourdys celluy iour.\n Fueillet. xxxvi.\n\n[Sidenote: The lady of the lake sends Lancelot to Arthur to be knighted,\nand provides for him white armour.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment la dame du lac se pourpensa de mener lancelot au\n roy artus pour le faire cheualier,[A4] et elle luy bailla armes\n blanches, et partit du lac a tout quarante cheualliers pour le\n conuoyer. Fueillet xxxvii.\n\n [Footnote A4: Line 223.]\n\n[Sidenote: Of the wounded knight who came to Arthur\u2019s court.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment vng cheuallier naure, lequel auoit vne espee\n fichee en la teste et deux tronco{n}s de lance parmy le corps,[A5]\n vint a la court du roy artus | et comment la dame du lac le mena\n deuant le roy artus, et luy prya quil le fist cheualier.\n Fueillet xxxix.\n\n [Footnote A5: Lines 237-245.]\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot is knighted.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment messire yuain, a qui le roy Artus auoit\n recomma{n}de lancelot, alla faire sa requeste audit roy artus, que\n le lendemain il fist ledit lancelot cheualier, et comment ledit\n lancelot defferra le cheualier naure.[A6] Fueillet. xli.\n\n [Footnote A6: Lines 249-252.]\n\n[Sidenote: How the white knight defended the lady of Nohalt,]\n\n \u00b6 Comment la dame de noehault[A7] enuoya deuers le roy\n artus, luy supplier q{u}il luy enuoyast secours contre le Roy de\n norhombellande qui luy menoit guerre. Et comment Lancelot requist au\n roy artus quil luy donnast congie dy aller | & il luy octroya.\n Fueillet xlii.\n\n [Footnote A7: Line 255.]\n\n[Sidenote: and won the battle for her.]\n\n \u00b6 Co{m}ment le nouueau cheualier aux armes blanches vainquit\n la bataille pour la dame de noehault. Fueillet xliii.\n\n \u00b6 Comment lancelot apres ce quil se fut party de la dame de\n noehault, se co{m}batit auec vng cheualier qui lauoit mouille.\n Fueillet xlv.\n\n[Sidenote: How Lancelot conquered the \u201cSorrowful Castle.\u201d]\n\n \u00b6 Comment lancelot conquist vaillamme{n}t par sa force et\n proesse le chasteau de la douloureuse garde q{ue} nul aultre ne\n pouoit conquerre.[A8] Fueillet xlv.\n\n [Footnote A8: Lines 257-259.]\n\n[Sidenote: How Arthur hears of it, and sends Gawain to see if it is\ntrue.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment les nouuelles vindrent au roy artus que la\n douloureuse garde estoit conquise par la cheualier aux armes\n blanches | Et le roy y enuoya messire gauuain pour en scauoir la\n verite. Fueillet xlviii.\n\n[Sidenote: Gawain is imprisoned, and supposed to be dead.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment messire Gauuain fut mys en prison | et comment le\n roy et la royne entrerent en la premiere porte de la | et la veirent\n des tu{m}bes ou il y auoit escript que monseigneur gauuain estoit\n mort, et plusieures aultres cheualiers. Fueillet. xlix.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot hears of Gawain\u2019s imprisonment,]\n\n \u00b6 Comment vne damoyselle de lhostel de la dame du lac feist\n assauoir au cheuallier blanc que monseigneur gauuain & ses\n compaigno{n}s estoyent emprisonnez par celluy qui auoit este\n seigneur de la douloureuse garde. Fueillet l.\n\n[Sidenote: and delivers him and his companions.]\n\n \u00b6 Comme{n}t le blanc cheualier se combatit encontre celluy\n qui auoit este seigneur de la douloureuse garde, q{u}i tenoit en\n prison messire gauuain et ses compaignons.[A9] Fueillet. l.\n\n [Footnote A9: Lines 263, -4.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le cheuallier blanc emmena le cheualier conquis en\n vng hermitaige. et comment ledit cheualier conquis luy rendit audit\n hermitage gauuain & ses compaignons. f. lii.\n\n[Sidenote: Gawain returns to Arthur and his Queen at Douloureuse Garde.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment messire gauuain et ses compaignons sen vindre{n}t\n par deuers le roy artus qui estoit a la douloureuse garde. Et\n comment le roy et la royne furent ioyeulx quant ilz les virent.\n Fueillet. liii.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot hears of the war to come between Arthur and Galiot.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le cheuallier blanc retourna a labbaye ou il auoit\n laisse ses escuyers | et comment il sceut lassemblee qui deuoit\n estre entre le roy artus et le roy doultre les marches, & co{m}ment\n il conquist le cheualier qui disoit mieulx aymer le cheualier qui\n auoit naure que celluy qui lauoit este.[A10] Fueillet. liiii.\n\n [Footnote A10: See ll. 244, -5.]\n\n[Sidenote: Gawain goes to seek the white knight,]\n\n \u00b6 Comment messire gauuain se mist en queste pour trouuer le\n blanc cheuallier.[A11] Et comment la meslee dentre les gens au roy\n des cent cheualiers et les gens de la dame de noehault fut appaisee.\n Fueillet lv.\n\n [Footnote A11: Line 267.]\n\n[Sidenote: who is wounded in the battle against Galiot by the\nking-of-a-hundred-knights.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le blanc cheualier vainquit lassemble dentre les\n deux roys | et comme{n}t il fut naure du roy des cent cheualiers.\n Fueillet. lvi.\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur and Queen Genure return home.]\n\n \u00b6 Comme{n}t apres que le cheualier qui auoit gangne le\n tournoyement dentre le roy doultre les marches sen fut alle, le roy\n artus & la royne genieure se partirent pour aller en leurs pays.\n Fueillet lvii.\n\n \u00b6 Comment messire gauuain se combatit a brehain-sans-pitie,\n et le rua par terre. et co{m}ment apres ilz sen allerent a la\n douloureuse garde: & comment les deux pucelles que messire Gauuain\n menoit luy furent tollues. Fueillet. lviii.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot ends the adventures of the \u201cSorrowful Castle.\u201d]\n\n \u00b6 Comment lancelot print congie de son mire | et comment il\n mist a fin les aduentures de la douloureuse garde.\n Fueillet lx.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot is again victorious in the combat between Arthur and\nGaliot.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment messire gauuain recouura les deux pucelles qui luy\n auoyent este tollues, Et comment lancelot vainquit la seconde\n assemblee dentre le roy artus & le roy doultre les marches.\n Fueillet lxi.\n\n[Sidenote: Gawain returns to Arthur\u2019s court.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment messire gauuain retourna a la court du roy artus\n apres la seconde assemblee dentre le roy artus & le roy doultre les\n marches, et comment lancelot vainquit le cheualier qui gardoit le\n gue. Fueillet lxiii.\n\n[_Here begins the Scotch Translation._]\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur\u2019s evil dreams.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy Artus songea plusieurs songes | et apres\n manda tous les saiges clercs de son royaulme pour en scauoir la\n signifiance.[A12] Fueillet lxiiii.\n\n [Footnote A12: Lines 363-527.]\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot defies Arthur.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy doultre les marches, nomme gallehault,\n enuoya deffier le roy artus[A13] | et comment Lancelot occist deux\n geans empres kamalot.[A14] Fueillet lxv.\n\n [Footnote A13: Lines 540-592.]\n [Footnote A14: Line 280.]\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot is assailed by forty knights, and imprisoned by the\nlady of Melyhalt.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment lancelot occist vng cheualier q{u}i disoit moins\n aymer le cheualier naure que celluy qui lauoit naure.[A15] | et\n comment il fut assailly de .xl. cheualliers, et mys en prison de la\n dame de mallehault.[A16] Fueillet lxviii.\n\n [Footnote A15: Lines 233-252.]\n [Footnote A16: Lines 281-292.]\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot, released from prison, is again victorious against\nGaliot.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment gallehault assembla au roy artus vng iour durant\n que lancelot estoit en prison[A17] | et comment le lendemain\n lancelot fut deliure de prison[A18] | et vainquit lassemblee dentre\n les deux roys.[A19] Fueillet lxvii.\n\n [Footnote A17: Lines 634-894.]\n [Footnote A18: Lines 895-974.]\n [Footnote A19: Lines 975-1138.]\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur is reproved by Amytans, and Galiot proposes a truce\nfor a year.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment le roy artus fut reprins de ses vices, et moult\n bien conseille par vng cheualier qui suruint en son ost[A20] | Et\n comment gallehault donna tresues au roy Artus iusques a vng an.[A21]\n Fueillet lxix.\n\n [Footnote A20: Lines 1275-2130.]\n [Footnote A21: Lines 1543-1584.]\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot returns to the lady of Melyhalt.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment lancelot, apres ce quil eut vaincu lassemblee,\n retourna en la prison de la dame de mallehault[A22] | et comment\n elle le congneut, a\u00a0son cheual et par les playes quil auoit, que\n cestoit celluy q{u}i auoit vaincu lassemblee.[A23]\n Fueillet lxxii.\n\n [Footnote A22: Lines 1139-1152.]\n [Footnote A23: Lines 1181-1274.]\n\n[Sidenote: Gawain, with 39 comrades, departs to seek the red knight.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment messire gauuain, soy quarantiesme de compaignons,\n se mist en queste pour trouuer le cheuallier qui auoit porte lescu\n vermeil a lassemblee dentre le roy artus et Gallehault.[A24]\n Fueillet lxxii.\n\n [Footnote A24: Lines 2161-2256.]\n\n[Sidenote: The lady of Melyhalt accepts Lancelot\u2019s ransom.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment la dame de mallehault mist a rancon le cheuallier\n quelle tenoit en prison, et le laissa aller quant elle veit quelle\n ne peult scauoir son nom.[A25] fu. lxxiii.\n\n [Footnote A25: Lines 2347-2442.]\n\n[Sidenote: The truce ended, Galiot again attacks Arthur.]\n\n \u00b6 Co{m}ment messire gauuain et ses compaignons retournerent\n de leur queste[A26] | et comme{n}t apres les treues faillies\n galehault vint assembler co{n}tre le roy artus, & tous ses gens en\n fure{n}t moult troublez.[A27] fu. lxxiiii.\n\n [Footnote A26: Lines 2504-2530.]\n [Footnote A27: Lines 2531-3268.]\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot gains over the black knight.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment gallehault suyuit le cheuallier aux noires\n armes,[A28] & fist tant par belles parolles quil lemmena en son ost,\n dont le roy artus et tous ses gens en furent moult troublez.\n Fueillet lxxviii.\n\n [Footnote A28: Lines 3343-3487.]\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot induces Galiot to submit to Arthur.]\n\n \u00b6 Co{m}ment lancelot par sa prouesse conquist tout, et fist\n tant que gallehault crya mercy au roy artus. fu. lxxix.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen and Lancelot meet.]\n\n \u00b6 Co{m}ment gallehault fist tant que la royne vit lancelot |\n & co{m}ment ilz se arraisonnerent ensemble. fu. lxxxi.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen knows Lancelot from his adventures that he tells\nher.]\n\n \u00b6 Co{m}ment la royne co{n}gneut lancelot apres ce q{u}il eut\n longuement parle a elle, & quil luy eut co{m}pte de ses aduentures.\n & co{m}ment la premiere acointance fut faicte entre la royne &\n la{n}celot p{ar} le moyen de galehault. fu. lxxxii.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot becomes acquainted with the lady of Melyhalt.]\n\n \u00b6 Co{m}ment la premiere acointance fut faicte de galehault &\n de la dame de malehault par le moyen de la royne de logres, &\n co{m}me[nt] lancelot & galehault sen alloyent esbatre & deuiser\n auecques leurs dames. fu. lxxxiiii.\n\n\nII. The Chapter of the French romance from which the translator has\ntaken the beginning of his First Book is here given, in order to shew in\nwhat manner he has treated his original. It begins at Fol. lxiii. _a_,\ncol. 1.\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur\u2019s evil dreams.]\n\n Comment le roy artus so{n}gea plusieurs songes, et apres manda tous\n les sages clercz de son royaulme pour en scauoir la signifiance.\n\n[Sidenote: King Arthur being at Cardueil, his knights are annoyed at\nmeeting with no adventures.]\n\n ++OR dit le compte que le roy artus auoit longueme{n}t seiourne a\n cardueil. Et pource ny auenoit mie gra{nde}ment de aduentures, il\n ennuya mo{u}lt aux compaignons du Roy de ce q{u}ilz auoient si\n longuement seiourne, & ne veoient riens de ce quilz souloyent veoir.\n Principallement keu le seneschal en fut trop ennuye Et en parloit\n moult souuent, et disoyt deua{n}t le roy que trop estoit ce seio{ur}\n ennuyeulx, & trop auoit dure.\n\n[Sidenote: Sir Kay counsels that they should go to Camelot.]\n\n Le roy luy demande \u201cKeu | q{ue} vouldriez vous que no{us} feissons?\u201d\n \u201cCertes,\u201d fait keu, \u201cie conseilleroye que nous allissions a kamalot\n | car la cite est plus aduantureuse q{ue} vous ayez | et la nous\n verrions souuent et orrions choses de merueilles que nous ne voyons\n pas icy. Nous auons seiourne ia icy plus de deux moys, et oncques ne\n y veismes gueres de choses aduenir.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: The king consents to go;]\n\n \u201cOr alons donc,\u201d fait le roy, \u201ca Kamalot, puis que vous le\n co{n}seillez.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: but the same night dreams that all his hair falls off, which\ndelays him.]\n\n Lendemain deust partir le roy | mais la nuyct luy aduint vne\n merueilleuse aduenture. Il songa q{ue} tous les cheueulx de sa teste\n cheoie{n}t, et to{us} les poilz de sa barbe, dont il fut moult\n espouente. Et p{ar} ce demoura encores en la ville.\n\n[Sidenote: The third night after he dreams that all his fingers fall off\nexcept his thumbs.]\n\n La tierce nuyt apres il songa q{ue} il luy estoit aduis q{ue} tous\n les dois luy cheoie{n}t fors les poulces, & lors fut pl{us} esbahy\n que deuant.\n\n\n[Sidenote: Again, that all his toes fall off except his great toes.]\n\n ++A Lautre nuyct songea il q{ue} to{us} les ortelz des piedz luy\n cheoient fors les poulces. de ce fut si trouble que plus ne peult.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen and his chaplain disregard the dreams;]\n\n \u201cSire,\u201d fait son chappelain a q{u}i il lauoit dit, \u201cne vous chaille\n | car songes ne so{n}t pas a croire;\u201d le roy le dit a la royne, et\n elle respo{n}d tout ainsi q{ue} luy auoit fait so{n} chappelain.\n\n[Sidenote: but Arthur sends for his bishops, archbishops, and their\nwisest clerks;]\n\n \u201cEn verite,\u201d dist il, \u201cie ne laisseray pas la chose ainsi\u201d | il fait\n mander ses euesques et archeuesques q{u}ilz soie{n}t a luy au .ix\n iour ensuyuant a kamalot, & q{u}ilz amainent auec eulx tous les plus\n sages clercz quils po{u}rroient auoir et trouuer.\n\n[Sidenote: whom he imprisons till they shall tell him what the dreams\nmean.]\n\n A tant se part de cardueil & sen va par les chasteaulx et par les\n citez | tant q{ue} au neufniesme iour est venu a kamalot, et aussi\n sont venus les clercz du pays. Il leur demande co{n}seil de son\n songe, _et_ ilz elise{n}t dix des plus sages: le roy les fist bien\n enserrer, et dist que iamais nen sortiroient de priso{n} deuant\n quilz luy auroient dit la signifiance de son songe.\n\n[Sidenote: After trying for nine days, they fail.]\n\n Ilz esprouuerent la force de le{u}r scie{n}ce par neuf iours, et\n puis vindre{n}t au roy, & dirent quilz nauoient riens trouue.\n \u201cAi{n}si maist dieu,\u201d dit le roy, \u201cia ainsi neschapperez.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: They twice obtain a delay of three days.]\n\n Et ils demande{n}t respit iusques au troisiesme iour ensuyuant, et\n il leur donne. Les .iii iours passez, ilz reuiennent deuant le roy,\n et dient que ilz ne peuent riens trouuer | et dema{n}dent encores\n autre delay | et ilz ont. Et de rechief vindrent pour demander\n aultres troys iours de dilacion, ainsi que le roy auoit so{n}ge de\n tierce nuyt en tierce nuyt. \u201cOr sachez,\u201d fait le roy, \u201cq{ue} iamais\n plus nen aurez.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: The king threatens to slay them.]\n\n Quant vint au tiers iour ilz dirent quilz nauoient rien trouue; \u201cce\n ne vault rien,\u201d fait le roy, \u201cie vous feray tous destruire se vous\n ne me dictes la verite;\u201d et ils dirent. \u201cSire nous ne vous en\n scairions que dire.\u201d Lors se pense le roy quil leur fera paour de\n mort.\n\n[Sidenote: Five are to be burnt, and five hung.]\n\n Il fait fair vng grant feu, & commanda en le{u}rs presences que les\n .v. y\u00a0fusse{n}t mis, et que les autres cinq soyent penduz | mais\n priueeme{n}t deffent a ses baillifz quilz ne les menassent que\n iusques a la paour de mourir.\n\n[Sidenote: The five who are to be hung, having the cords round their\nnecks, offer to speak out.]\n\n Quant les ci{n}q qui furent menez aux fourches euerent les cordes\n entour leurs colz, ils eurent paour de mourir, et dirent, que se les\n aultres cinq le vouloyent dire, ilz le diroyent. La nouuelle vint au\n .v. que len menoit ardre | et ilz dire{n}t que, se les autres le\n vouloyent dire, ils le diroyent | ils furent amenez ensemble\n deua{n}t le roy, et les plus sages dirent\n\n[Sidenote: They stipulate not to be held as liars if their\ninterpretations fail.]\n\n | \u201csire, nous vous dirons ce q{ue} no{us} auons trouue | mais nous\n ne vouldrions mie que vous nous tenissiez a menteurs se il ne\n aduenoit | car nous vouldrions bien quil nen fust rien, et voulons,\n comment quil en aduiengne, que vous nous asseurez q{ue} ia mal ne\n no{us} en aduiendra;\u201d et il leur promet.\n\n[Sidenote: The dreams mean that he will lose his land and his honour.]\n\n Lors dist lung de eulx qui pour tous parla. \u201cSire, sachez que ceste\n terre et tout honneur vo{us} conuie{n}dra perdre et ceulx en qui\n plus vous fiez vous fauldront; telle est la substa{n}ce et\n signifiance de voz songes.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur asks if anything can avert such fate.]\n\n De ceste chose fut le roy moult effraye, \u201cOr me dictes,\u201d fait il,\n \u201csil est chose qui me{n} peult garantir.\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d fait le maistre,\n \u201cnous auons veu une chose | Mais cest si grande merueille que on ne\n le pourroyt penser, et ne la vo{us} oso{n}s dire.\u201d \u201cDictes,\u201d fait\n il, \u201cseurement | car pis ne me pouez vous dire que vous mauez dit.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: He is told, \u201cnothing, except the savage lion and the leech\nwithout medicine, by help of the counsel of the flower.\u201d]\n\n \u201cSire, riens ne vous peult garder de perdre tout honneur terrien\n fors le lyon sauluaige, et le mire sans medecine, par le co{n}seil\n de la fleur, & se no{us} semble estre si grande folie que nous ne\n losions dire | Car lyon sauluaige ne y peult estre, ne mire sans\n medecine | ne fleur qui parlast |\u201d le roy est moult entreprins de\n ceste chose: mais plus en fait belle chiere que le cueur ne luy\n apporte.\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur goes to the chase.]\n\n Ung iour alla le roy chasser au boys bien matin | et mena auec luy\n messire gauuain, keu le seneschal, et ceulx qui lui pleust. Si\n laisse icy le compte a parler de luy, et retourne a p{ar}ler du\n cheualier dont messire Gauuain aporta le nom en court.\n\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot on his wanderings.]\n\n ++QVant[A29] le cheuallier qui lasse{m}blee auoyt vaincu se partast\n de la ou il se combatist a son hoste, il erra toute io{u}r sa{n}s\n autre aduanture trouuer. Il se logea la nuyt chiez une veufue dame a\n lyssue dune forest a cinq lieues angleches pres de kamelot.\n\n[Sidenote: He meets an esquire, and asks him, \u201cwhat news?\u201d]\n\n Le cheualier se leua matin, et erra, luy et ses escuyers et sa\n damoyselle, tant q{u}il encontra vng escuyer. \u201cVarlet,\u201d fait il,\n \u201cscez tu nulles nouuelles?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cThe queen,\u201d he says, \u201cis at Camelot.\u201d]\n\n \u201cOuy,\u201d fait il, \u201cma dame la royne est icy pres a kamalot.\u201d \u201cquelle\n royne\u201d fait il \u201cLe fe{m}me au roy artus,\u201d fait lescuyer.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot goes on till he sees a large house, a lady, and her\ndamsel.]\n\n Le cheuallier sen part, et cheuauche tant quil treuue vne maison\n forte, et voit vne dame en son surcot, qui regardoit les prez et la\n forest | & auoit auec elle vne damoiselle.\n\n[Sidenote: He regards her fixedly.]\n\n Le cheuallier se arreste, et regarde la dame moult longuement tant\n quil oublie tout autre chose. Et maintenant passa vng cheuallier\n arme de toutes armes, qui luy dist.\n\n[Sidenote: An armed knight, passing, asks him what he is regarding so\nclosely.]\n\n \u201cSire cheualier, que attendez vous?\u201d et celluy ne respo{n}d mot |\n car il ne la pas ouy. Et le cheualier le boutte, et luy demande quil\n regarde.\n\n[Sidenote: He replies, that he looks at what pleases him.]\n\n \u201cJe regarde,\u201d fait il, \u201cce q{ue} me plaist: Et vous nestes mie\n courtois, qui de mo{n} penser me auez iecte.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: The knight asks if he knows who the lady is, and he replies\nthat he knows it is the queen.]\n\n \u201cPar la foy que vous deuez o dieu,\u201d fait le cheuallier estrange,\n \u201cscauez vous bien qui la dame est que vous regardez?\u201d \u201cJe le cuyde\n bien scauoir,\u201d fait le bon cheualier. \u201cEt q{u}i este elle,\u201d fait\n lautre. \u201cCest ma dame la royne.\u201d \u201cSi maist dieu, estrangement la\n congnoissez, deables vous font bien regarder dames.\u201d \u201cPourquoy,\u201d\n faict il. \u201cPource que vous ne me oseriez suyuir par deuant la Royne\n la ou ie yroye.\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d faict le bon cheuallier, \u201cse vous osiez\n aller la ou ie vous oseray suyuir, vous aurez passez de couraige\n tous les plus gra{n}s oseurs qui oncques furent.\u201d A\u00a0tant sen part le\n cheualier. Et le bon cheualier va apres.\n\n[Sidenote: The stranger takes Lancelot home to lodge with him, and he is\nwell entertained.]\n\n Et quant ilz ont vne piece alle, lautre luy dist, \u201cvous\n he[r]bergerez ennuyt auec moy, et le matin ie vous meneray la ou ie\n vous diz;\u201d et le bon cheuallier luy demande sil conuient ainsi\n faire. \u201cOy\u201d | fait il. Et il dist que donc lottroyera il.\n Il geut la nuyt chez le cheualier sur la riuiere de kamalot, et fut\n moult bien herberge, et sa pucelle | et ses escuyers.\n\n [Footnote A29: There is no trace of the rest of this chapter in\n the Scottish poem.]\n\n\n III. Our last extract will shew exactly where the Scottish poem\n suddenly ceases, and how the story was probably continued. For the\n latter purpose, four chapters of the French Romance are added beyond\n the point where the Scotch ends; and it is possible (judging from\n lines 306-312 of the Prologue) that the author did not intend to go\n very much further. The passage begins, in the French copy, at Fol.\n lxxvii. _b_, col. 1; and, in the Scotch poem, at l.\u00a03427.\n\n Lors descent de son cheual, et la baille au cheualier.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot gives Lancelot his own horse, and gives orders to his\nown men.]\n\n Et celluy si y monte sans arrest. Et gallehault monta sur vng autre,\n et vient a son conroy | Si prent auec soy les dix mille, et dit\n quilz voisent assembler deuant; \u201cet vous,\u201d fait il au roy vend,\n \u201cviendres apres, si ne assemblerez mie si tost comme ceulx cy seront\n assemblez | mais quant les derrains de ceulx de dela seront venus,\n vous assemblerez, & moy mesmes vous iray querir.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: He commands the trumpets to be sounded.]\n\n A tant amaine les dix mille pour assembler,[A30] Et qua{n}t il fut\n entre en la bataille il fist sonner ses busines tant q{ue} tout en\n retentissoit.[A31] Quant le noir cheuallier les ouyt venir, si luy\n sembla que gra{n}t effort de gens eut la, si se retrait vng pou vers\n les siens, et les appella entour luy, & leur dist.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot harangues his men.]\n\n \u201cSeigne{u}rs, vous estes tous amys du roy. Or y perra co{m}me{n}t\n vo{us} le ferez.\u201d[A32]\n\n[Sidenote: Sir Yvain comforts Arthur\u2019s soldiers.]\n\n Et messire yuain, qui les vit venir, dist a ses gens, \u201cOr soyes tous\n asseurs q{ue} no{us} ne perdro{n}s au iourdhuy p{ar} force de\n gens.\u201d[A33] Et ce disoit il pource quil cuidoit q{ue} les gens\n gallehault fussent tous venus.[A34]\n\n [Footnote A30: Line 3432.]\n [Footnote A31: Lines 3435-3440.]\n [Footnote A32: Lines 3441-3476.]\n [Footnote A33: Lines 3477-3480.]\n [Footnote A34: Lines 3481-3484.]\n\n\n ++QVant les .x.m. de gallehault sassemblerent, si fut gra{n}de la\n noise, et moult en abbatent a le{u}r venir | mais qua{n}t messire\n yuain vint, si reco{n}forta mo{u}lt les gens du roy artus | et\n to{us} les fuyans retourne{n}t auec luy.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot orders charge.]\n\n Et gallehault sen va arriere a son conroy, et commande q{ui}lz\n cheuauchent fermement | et quilz se frappent es gens du roy\n artus[A35] de telle maniere[A36] que nul dentreulz ne demeure a\n cheual \u201cVous estes to{us} frays. Or y perra comment vous le ferez.\u201d\n A\u00a0tant cheuauchent les conroys deuers le{u}rs ge{n}s, Car ilz\n auoyent ia du pire.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot\u2019s reserve arriving, his men awhile prevail.]\n\n Et quant le conroy de Gallehault fut venu, si changa moult laffaire\n | Car moult y auoyt grant effort de gens. Et fut a le{ur} venue le\n cheualier noir mis a terre.[A37] Et aussi les six compaigno{n}s qui\n toute iour auoyent este pres de luy.[A38]\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot again remounts Lancelot.]\n\n Lors vint gallehault, qui le remonta sur le cheual mesmes ou so{n}\n corps seoit.[A39] Et si tost comme il fut mo{n}te, il sen reuint a\n la meslee aussi frays comme il auoit le io{u}r este. Et qua{n}t il\n vint aux coups donner, tous ceulx qui le veoyent sen\n esmerueilloyent, Ainsi dura la bataille iusques a la nuyt.\n\n[Sidenote: Night arriving, the hosts retreat.]\n\n Et quant il vint au soir ilz se departirent | et toutesfoys les gens\n du roy Artus en eurent du meilleur.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot tries to depart unobserved, but is followed by\nGaliot, who prays him to lodge with him for that night.]\n\n Le bon cheualier se departit de lost le plus coyement quil\n peut,[A40] et sen alla par vng chemin entre les prestz et vng\n tertre, et cuyda que nul ne le veist | mais Gallehault sen print\n tres bien garde, et picqua tant son cheual qui luy fut au deuant par\n vne adresse, et le vint rencontrer au pied du tertre. Si le salue,\n et dit \u2018que dieu le co{n}duit.\u2019 Et celuy le regarde en trauers, et\n luy a a moult grant peine re{n}du son salut. \u201cBel amy,\u201d fait\n galehault, \u201cqui estes vous?\u201d \u201cSire,\u201d fait il, \u201cie suis vng\n cheualier, ce pouez vo{us} veoir.\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d fait galehault,\n \u201ccheualier estes vous meilleur qui soit | & vous estes lhomme du\n monde que plus ie vouldroye honnourer,[A41] et si vous suis venu\n prier que vous herbergez ceste nuyt auec moy.\u201d Et il luy dist ainsi\n co{m}me sil ne lauoit huy veu, \u201cQui estes vous, sire, q{u}i me auez\n prie de me he[r]berger?\u201d \u201cJe suis gallehault, le sire de ces gens\n icy, vers qui vous auez au iourdhuy gara{n}ty le royaulme de logres,\n leq{ue}l ie eusse ia conquis se ne fust vostre corps.\u201d \u201cComme{n}t\u201d\n (fait il) \u201cvous estes ennemy de monseigneur le roy artus, et me\n priez de herberger? |\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot at first refuses, till Galiot agrees to do whatever\nLancelot may require of him, and promises to entertain him sumptuously;]\n\n Auec vo{us} ne herbergeray ie mie en ce point.\u201d \u201cHaa sire,\u201d faict\n gallehault, \u201cplus feray ie pour vous, et si nay mye a commencer. Et\n ie vous prie que vous y herbergiez par tel conuena{n}t que ie feray\n tout ce que me scaurez requerre.\u201d A\u00a0tant se arresta le cheuallier,\n et dist a gallehault; \u201cSire, vo{us} promettez assez | mais ie ne\n scay co{m}ment il est du re{n}dre\u201d | et gallehault luy dist.\n \u201cSire, se vous he[r]bergez ennuyt auec moy, ie vous donneray tout ce\n que vous oserez diuiser de bouche, et bien vo{us} en feray seur,\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: whereupon they return together to Galiot\u2019s camp.]\n\n Et lors luy fiance, & apres luy promet bailler bons plaiges; Ado{n}c\n sen vo{n}t tous deux en lost.\n\n [Footnote A35: Lines 3485, 6.]\n [Footnote A36: Line 3487 _and last_.]\n [Footnote A37: Compare lines 3365-3368.]\n [Footnote A38: Lines 3369, 70.]\n [Footnote A39: Compare lines 3391-3426.]\n [Footnote A40: Compare line 1140.]\n [Footnote A41: Compare lines 2845-8.]\n\n\n \u00b6 Comment gallehault suyuit le cheuallier aux noires armes,\n et fist tant par belles parolles q{u}il le{m}mena en son ost, do{n}c\n le roy artus & tous ses gens en furent moult troublez.\n\n[Sidenote: Gawain, seeing Lancelot with Galiot, tells the Queen that now\nthey are all lost;]\n\n ++MEssire gauuain auoyt veu aller le cheuallier au noir escu, & le\n eust voulentiers suiuy sil eust peu mo{n}ter a cheual. Lors regarde\n contre val la riuiere, et voit gallehault et le cheuallier noir qui\n retournoyent pour venir a lost, et dist a la royne, \u201cHaa dame, or\n pouons nous bien dire que nous sommes gens perdus | regardez que\n gallehault a conquis par scauoir,\u201d Et elle regarde, & voyt q{ue}\n cest le cheuallier noir q{ue} gallehault emmaine; si en est tant\n iree quelle ne peut dire mot.\n\n[Sidenote: and swoons away more than three times.]\n\n Et messire gauuai{n} se pasme en pou dheure pl{us} de trois fois. Le\n roi artus vint leans | et ouyt le cry q{ue} chascun disoit, \u201cil est\n mort, il est mort.\u201d Si vint a luy, et lembrassa, et commenca a\n plorer mo{u}lt tendrement. Et reuient monseigneur Gauuain de\n pasmoison;\n\n[Sidenote: He tells Arthur that his time of misfortune is come;]\n\n Et quant il veit le roy artus, il commence a le blasmer, et dit.\n \u201cOres est venu le terme que les clercz vous disrent.\n\n[Sidenote: for their protector is lost.]\n\n Regardez le tresor que vous auez huy perdu. celluy vous toldra terre\n qui toute iour la vous a garantie par son corps, et se vo{us}\n fussiez preudhomme vous leussiez retenu, ainsi comme a fait le plus\n preudhomme qui viue, qui par cy deuant lemmaine.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur also sees Galiot, and is deeply grieved, but tries to\ncomfort his nephew.]\n\n Lors voit le roy gallehault, qui emmenoit le cheuallier, dont il a\n tel dueil que a pou quil ne est cheut | mais de plorer ne se peut\n tenir, et toutesfois faict il la plus belle chere q{u}il peut pour\n son nepueu reconforter. Et si tost q{ue} il vit en la salle, il fist\n gra{n}t dueil | aussi fist chascun preudhomme.\n\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot and Lancelot arrive at Galiot\u2019s camp, and Lancelot\nasks to speak with the two men whom Galiot most trusts.]\n\n ++TAnt sont allez gallehault et le cheualier quilz sont venus empres\n lost, Adonc luy dist le cheualier, \u201cSire, ains que ie entre dedans\n vostre ost, faictes moi p{ar}ler aux deux pl{us} preudhommes que\n vous ayez et esquelz vous fiez le plus.\u201d Et gallehault lottroye.\n Lors sen va en son tref, et prent deux des hommes du mo{n}de ou plus\n il se fie, et leur dist, \u201cVenez auec moy et vous verrez le plus\n riche homme du monde.\u201d \u201cComme{n}t,\u201d font ilz, \u201cnestes vous mie le\n plus riche qui soit au monde?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot takes him to the \u201cfirst-conquest\u201d king and the king of\na hundred knights, and Lancelot repeats to them his compact with Galiot,\nand takes their pledge that they will forsake Galiot if he breaks his\nagreement, and will go with himself (Lancelot).]\n\n \u201cNenny,\u201d dist il | \u201cmais ie le seray ains que ie dorme.\u201d Ces deux\n estoyent le roy premier conquis | et le roi des cent cheualliers.\n Qua{n}t ilz virent le cheuallier, si lui firent moult grant ioye |\n Car ilz le congneurent bien par ses armes. Et le cheuallier leur\n demanda qui ilz estoient | et ilz se nommerent sicomme vous auez ouy\n | et il leur dist. \u201cSeigneurs, vostre sire vous faict moult grant\n honneur | Car il dit que vous estes les deux hommes du monde que\n plus il ayme, et entre luy et moy a vne conuenance que ie vueil que\n vous oyez | Car il ma fiance que pour en nuyt herberger auec luy me\n donnera ce que ie luy vouldray demander.\u201d Et gallehault dist | \u201cvous\n dictes verite.\u201d \u201cSire,\u201d faict le cheuallier, \u201cie vueil encores auoir\n la seurte de ses hommes.\u201d Et gallehault dist, \u201cDictes moy\n co{m}me{n}t.\u201d \u201cIlz me fianceront,\u201d fait le cheuallier, \u201cq{ue} se\n vous me faillez de co{n}uenant, ilz vous guerpiront et sen viendront\n auec moy la ou ie diray,\u201d Et gallehault dit que ainsi le veult | et\n il le fait fia{n}cer. Lors appella gallehault le roy premier\n co{n}quis a vne part, et luy dist. \u201cAllez auant & dictes a mes\n barons quilz assemblent maintenant a monstre si honnorablement comme\n ilz pourront, et gardez que en mon tref soient to{us} les deduys que\n le{n} pourra trouuer en tout lost.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot orders all kinds of entertainments to be brought to\nhis tent.]\n\n Lors sen va celluy au ferir des esperons, & fist le commandement de\n son seigneur. Et gallehault tient le cheualier aux parolles, luy &\n son seneschal, tant que le commandeme{n}t fust fait.\n\n[Sidenote: Twenty-eight kings, beside dukes and counts, come to the\nfeast, and honour Lancelot as the flower of the knighthood of the\nworld.]\n\n Si ne demoura gueres que encontre eulx vindrent deux cens barons qui\n tous estoient ho{m}mes de gallehault, .xxviii. roys, et les autres\n estoient ducz et contes; la fut le cheuallier telleme{n}t honnoure\n que oncques si grant feste ne fut pour vng homme mescongneu comme\n le{n} fit pour luy a celle fois | et disoie{n}t grans & petis, \u201cBien\n viengnez, la fleur de la cheualerie du monde\u201d | et il en auoit grant\n honte. Ainsi vindrent iusques au tref de gallehault, si ne\n po{u}rroient estre comtez les deduys et les instrumens qui leans\n estoient.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot is richly attired, and nobly served.]\n\n A telle ioye fut receu, et qua{n}t il fut desarme, gallehault luy\n fit apporter vne robe mo{u}lt riche, et il la vestit. quant le\n ma{n}ger fut prest, ilz se assirent a table, et furent noblement\n seruis, et le cheualier fut mo{u}lt honnoure.\n\n\n[Sidenote: After supper four beds are prepared, one larger than the\nrest, for Lancelot.]\n\n ++APres manger co{m}manda gallehault a faire quatre litz desquelz\n lung estoit plus grant que les aultres. Quant les litz furent si\n richeme{n}t atournez, gallehault maine le cheuallier coucher. Et\n dist. \u201cSire, vous gerrez icy;\u201d \u201cEt qui gerra de la?\u201d fait le\n cheualier. \u201cQuattre sergens,\u201d faict gallehault, \u201cqui vous seruiront\n | Et ie iray en vne chambre par dela, affin que vous soyez icy plus\n en paix.\u201d \u201cHaa, Sire, pour dieu,\u201d faict il, \u201cne me faictes gesir\n plus ayse que ces aultres cheualiers | car tant ne me deuez a\n vilennir.\u201d \u201cNayez garde,\u201d faict galehault, \u201cCar ia pour chose que\n vous faciez pour moi vo{us} ne serez tenu a villain.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot awhile departs, and Lancelot falls asleep.]\n\n A ta{n}t sen part gallehault. Et le cheuallier commence a penser au\n grant honneur que gallehault luy faisoit. Si lenprise moult | puis\n se coucha, et tantost il sendormit | car moult estoit las;\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot then returns, and lies near Lancelot, and hears how\nhis guest murmurs in his sleep.]\n\n Et qua{n}t gallehault sceut quil fut endormy, le plus coyement quil\n peut se coucha en vng autre lit empres luy | et es deux aultres litz\n se coucherent deux cheualiers, et nestoyent en la chambre que eulx\n quatre, sans plus. La nuyt se plaint moult le cheualier en son\n dormant, et gallehault loit bien, car il ne dormoit gueres. Ains\n pensa toute la nuyt a le retenir.\n\n[Sidenote: Next day they go to hear mass, and Lancelot then demands his\narms, wishing to depart.]\n\n Lendemain le cheualier se leua et alla ouyr messe; et ia estoit\n gallehault leue | car il ne voulut mie que le cheualier laperceust.\n Quant ilz vindrent du monstier, le cheualier demanda ses armes, &\n gallehault dema{n}de pourquoy. Et il dist quil sen vouloit aller. Et\n gallehault luy dist. \u201cBeau doulx amy, demourez | et ne cuydez mye\n que ie vous vueille deceuoir. Car vous noserez ia riens dema{n}der\n que vous nayez. Et sachez q{ue} vous pourriez bien auoir compagnie\n de plus riche homme que ie suis | mais vous ne laurez iamais a homme\n qui plus vous ayme.\u201d \u201cSire,\u201d faict le cheuallier, \u201cie demoureray\n donc puis quil vous plaist.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot induces him to stay, but again promises to do for him\nwhatever he asks.]\n\n Car meilleure compaignie que la vostre ne pourroye ie mye auoir |\n Mais ie vous diray presenteme{n}t le don pourquoy ie demoureray auec\n vous | et se ie ne lay, ie ny demoureray ia.\u201d \u201cSire,\u201d fait\n gallehault, \u201cdictes seurement et vous laurez, se cest chose que ie\n puisse acomplir;\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot then demands that Galiot shall submit himself to\nArthur.]\n\n Et le cheuallier appella ses deux plaiges et dist deuant eulx, \u201cJe\n vous demande,\u201d fait il, \u201cq{ue} si tost que vous serez au dessus du\n roy artus, que vous luy alliez crier mercy si tost comme ie vous en\n semondray.\u201d Quant gallehault lentent, si en est tout esbahy, et\n co{m}mence a penser. Et les deux roys luy dirent. \u201cA\u00a0quoy pensez\n vous icy endroit, de penser nauez mestier | car vous auez tant couru\n que vous ne pouez retourner.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot is confounded, and ponders, but then grants Lancelot\u2019s\nrequest.]\n\n \u201cComment,\u201d faict Gallehault, \u201ccuydez vous que ie me vueille repentir\n | se tout le mo{n}de estoit mien si luy oseroye ie bien do{n}ner.\n mais ie pensoye a vng seul mot quil a dit | mais ia dieu ne maist,\u201d\n dist il, \u201cse vous nauez le don | car ie ne pourroye riens faire\n po{u}r vous ou ie peusse auoir honte. Mais ie vous prye que ne me\n tollez vostre compagnie pour la donner a aultruy;\u201d et le cheualier\n luy creanca. Ainsi demoura | et ilz se asseirent au manger qui\n estoit appreste. Si font moult grant ioye par tout lost du cheualier\n qui est demoure.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot remains with him another night.]\n\n Ainsi passerent celle nuyt. Lendemain gallehault et son compaignon\n allerent ouyr messe, et gallehault luy deist | \u201cSire, il est huy\n iour dassembler; voullez vous armes porter?\u201d \u201cOuy,\u201d dist il. \u201cdonc\n porterez vous les miennes,\u201d fait gallehault, \u201cpour le commencement.\u201d\n Et il dist quil les porteroit voulentiers | \u201cmais vous ne porterez\n armes,\u201d feist il a gallehault, \u201csi non comme mon sergent?\u201d \u201cNon,\u201d\n dist il. Lors firent apporter les armes, & armerent le cheuallier du\n fort haulbert, & des chausses qui trop estoyent longues & lees;\n\n[Sidenote: Next day, the hosts are again armed for battle.]\n\n Lors se armerent les gens de gallehault. et pareillement les gens du\n roy Artus, & passerent les lices de telz y eut. Touteffoys le roy\n auoyt deffendu que nul ne les passast. Si y eut de bonnes ioustes en\n pou dheure | si se assemblerent tous les ostz deuant la lice, &\n commencerent a faire armes. Le roy artus estoit a son estandart, et\n auoit commande que ilz menassent la royne a sauluete se la\n descomfiture tournoit sur eulx | quant tous les ostz furent\n assemblez et le bon cheualier fust arme, si cuida chascu{n} que ce\n fust gallehault, & disoyent tous.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot is at first mistaken for Galiot; but is recognized\nby Gawain.]\n\n \u201cVoicy gallehault, voicy gallehault\u201d | messire gauuain le\n co{n}gneust bien & dist. \u201cCe nest mye gallehault | ains est le\n cheualier aux armes noires, le meilleur cheualier du mo{n}de\u201d |\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur\u2019s men cannot stand against Lancelot.]\n\n & si tost comme ilz furent assemblez, oncques ne se tint le roy\n Artus ne ses ge{n}s depuis que le cheualier y fut arriue | et trop\n se desco{n}fortoyent du bon cheualier q{u}i contre eulx estoit, si\n fure{n}t menez iusques a la lice. car trop estoient grans gens auec\n gallehault. au partir des lices ce tindrent vne piece et souffrirent\n lo{n}gueme{n}t | mais le souffrit ny peut riens valoir. Grant fut le\n meschief des gens au roy artus. et dit le compte q{ue} le cheualier\n neust mie moins de peine de tenir les gens de gallehault que ilz ne\n passassent oultre la lice quil auoit de chasser les gens au roy\n Artus. Et nompourtant moult les auoit supportez | & il les eut mis\n oultre a force sil eust voulu | mais il demoura emmy le pas pour les\n aultres detenir.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot calls upon Galiot to keep his compact.]\n\n Lors regarda tout entour de luy, et commenca a hucher | \u201cgallehault,\n gallehault.\u201d et gallehault vient gra{n}t alleure, et dist. \u201cbel amy,\n que voulez vous?\u201d \u201cquoy,\u201d faict il, \u201cie vueil que mon conuenant me\n tenez;\u201d \u201cPar ma foy,\u201d fait gallehault, \u201cie suis tout prest de\n lacomplir puis quil vous plaist.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot rides forward, and finds Arthur ready to kill himself\nfor grief, the Queen being escorted away by a guard of forty knights,\nand Gawain wishing to die.]\n\n Lors picque le cheual des esperons & vient iusques a lestandart ou\n le roy artus estoit, q{u}i faisoit si tresgrant dueil que a peu quil\n ne se occioit pource quil estoit desconfit. Si estoit ia la royne\n mo{n}tee, et lemmenoyent quarante cheualliers. Et monseigneur\n gauuain, que on vouloit emporter en lictiere | mais il dit q{u}il\n aymeroit mieulx mourir en ce point que veoir toute cheualerie morte\n et honnye: si se pasma tellement que len cuydoit bien que il mourust\n incontinent.\n\n\n[Sidenote: How Lancelot makes Galiot cry mercy to Arthur.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment lancelot par la prouesse conquis tout, et fist\n tant que galehault cria mercy au roy artus.\n\n ++QVant le cheualier veit gallehault prest dacomplir son\n co{n}uenant, il iura bien que oncques si loyal compaignon ne fut\n trouue. Il en a telle pytie quil en souspire moult fort, & dit entre\n ses dens.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot demands to see King Arthur, and, at sight of him,\ndismounts, kneels to him, and submits himself to him humbly.]\n\n \u201cHaa dieu, q{u}i pourra ce desseruir?\u201d & gallehault cheuauche\n iusq{ue}s a lestandart et demande le roy artus. Il vient auant\n mo{u}lt dolent & esmaye comme celluy q{u}i tout honneur et toute\n ioye terrienne cuyde auoir perdue; Et quant gallehault le voit, si\n luy dit. \u201csire, roy artus, venez auant, & nayez paour | car ie vueil\n a vous parler.\u201d et qua{n}t le roy louyt, il sesmerueille moult que\n ce peult estre; Et de si loing comme galehault le voit venir, il\n descend de son cheual et se agenouille, et dit. \u201cSire, ie vous viens\n faire droit de ce que ie vous ay meffait; si men repens, et me metz\n en vostre mercy.\u201d\n\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur, overjoyed, praises God.]\n\n ++QVant le roy lentend, il a merueilleusement gra{n}t ioye, et lieue\n les mains vers le ciel, louant Dieu de ceste aduanture | et se le\n roy fait bonne chere, encores la faict meilleure Gallehault. et il\n se lieue de genoulx, & sentrebaisent, en font moult grande chere\n lung a lautre. lors dist Gallehault | \u201csire, faictes vostre plaisir\n de moy | car ie metz en vostre saisine mon corps pour en faire ce\n que il vous plaira.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot, first asking Arthur\u2019s leave, dismisses his troops to\ntheir tents.]\n\n Et sil vo{us} plaist, ie yray retraire mes gens arriere, & puis\n reuiendray a vous incontinent.\u201d \u201cAllez doncq{ue}s,\u201d fait le roy |\n \u201ccar ie vueil parler a vous.\u201d A\u00a0tant sen part gallehault & reuient a\n ses gens | & les en faict aller. Et le roy enuoya apres la royne,\n qui sen alloit faisant grand dueil. et les messages cheuauchent tant\n que ilz lattaingnent | et sont venus a elle, & luy comptent la ioye\n que aduenue leur est. Et elle ne le peult croire tant q{ue}lle voy\n les enseignes que le roy luy enuoye. ta{n}t coururent les nouuelles\n que monseign{eu}r gauuain le sceut, lequel en eut grant ioye sur\n tous les aultres, et dist au roy.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen and Sir Gawain rejoice greatly.]\n\n \u201cSire, comment a ce este?\u201d \u201cCertes, ie ne scay,\u201d fait il: \u201cmais ie\n croy que telle a este le plaisir de nostre seigneur.\u201d moult est\n grande la ioye, & moult se esmerueille chascun co{m}ment ce peult\n estre aduenu. Gallehault dist a son compaignon. \u201cque voulez vous que\n ie face? iay fait vostre commandement; & le roy ma dit que ie\n retourne | mais ie vous conuoyeray aua{n}t iusques a voz tentes.\u201d\n \u201cHaa sire,\u201d fait le cheualier, \u201caincoys vous irez au roy & luy\n porterez le plus grant honneur que vous pourrez.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot prays Galiot not to reveal where he is, and they\nreturn to their tents.]\n\n Et tant auez fait pour moy que ie ne le pourroye desseruir | mais\n tant vous prye, pour dieu | et pour lamour que vous auez a moy, que\n nul ne sache ou ie suis\u201d | ainsi sen vont parlant iusq{ue}s a leurs\n tentes. chascun scait que la paix est faicte | mais plusie{ur}s en\n sont dolens | car mieulx aymassent la guerre que la paix. lors sont\n descenduz les deux compaignons, et si tost quilz furent desarmez,\n Gallehault print vne de ses meilleures robbes pour aller a la court.\n et feist cryer par tout son ost q{ue} chascun sen allast, fors tant\n seullement ceulx de son hostel.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot commits his guest to the care of the two kings, and\ndeparts to speak with Arthur.]\n\n Apres appella les deux roys, et leur baille son compaignon, & leur\n commande quilz facent autant de luy comme de son corps mesmes.\n A\u00a0tant monte Gallehault, et sen va a la court du roy artus. Et le\n roy luy vint alencontre, et la royne qui ia estoit retournee, & la\n dame de malehault auec plusieurs dames & damoyselles.\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur and Galiot go together to the tower where Gawain lies\nill.]\n\n A tant vont en la bretesche ou monseigneur gauuain gisoit malade. et\n quant il sceut que gallehault venoit, il sefforce de belle chere\n faire, comme celluy qui oncques mes ne lauoit veu de si pres.\n\n[Sidenote: Gawain welcomes Galiot.]\n\n lors luy dist | \u201cbien soyez vous venu comme de celluy dont ie\n desiroye moult lacointance | car vous estes lhomme du monde qui plus\n doibt estre prise & ayme a droit de toutes gens. Et ie cuyde que nul\n ne scait si bien congnoistre preudho{m}me co{m}me vous & bien y a\n paru.\u201d Ainsi parle messire gauuain a gallehault, & il luy demande\n comment il luy est | et Gauuain dist. \u201cJay este pres de mort. mais\n la grant amour qui est entre vous & le roy ma guery.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen, the King, and Gawain rejoice at Galiot\u2019s coming,\nbut he, soon after, departs to see Lancelot for a short time, promising\nto return.]\n\n Moult font grant ioye le roy artus & la royne & monseigneur gauuain\n de la venue de gallehault | et tout le iour ont parle de amour et\n daccointance. Mais du noir cheualier ne tiennent ilz nulles parolles\n | ains passent le iour a resiouyr lung lautre ta{n}t quil vint au\n vespre. Lors demande gallehault congie de ses gens aller veoir.\n Et le roy le luy do{n}ne | \u201cmais vous reuiendrez,\u201d fait il,\n \u201cinco{n}tinent;\u201d et gallehault le luy octroye | si senreuient a son\n compaignon & luy demande comment il a depuis fait | et il luy\n respondit que bien; \u201cSire,\u201d fait gallehault, \u201ccomment feray ie |: le\n roy ma moult prie que ie retourne a luy, & il me feroit mal de vous\n laisser en ce point.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot tells Galiot to do whatever Arthur wishes.]\n\n \u201cHaa, sire cheualier, po{u}r dieu mercy, vous ferez ce q{ue}\n monseigneur le roy vouldra. car iamais a plus preudhomme que il est\n ne eustes accointance. Mais ie vueil que vous me donnez vng don.\u201d Et\n gallehault luy dist.\n\n[Sidenote: He charges Galiot again not to ask his name, but to tell him\nabout Arthur.]\n\n \u201cDemandez ce quil vous plaira | car ie ne vous escondiroye iamais;\u201d\n \u201cSire,\u201d fait il, \u201cie vous remercye. Vous me auez donne que vous ne\n me demanderez mon nom deuant q{ue} ie le vous diray.\u201d \u201cEt ie men\n tiendray a tant puis q{ue} vous le voulez,\u201d dit gallehault. \u201cEt ne\n doubtez pas que ce eust este la premiere chose que ie vous eusse\n demande, si men tairay a tant.\u201d Lors luy demanda de laccointance du\n roy artus | mais il ne no{m}me mie la royne | et gallehault dit que\n \u201cle roy est moult preudhomme, & moult me poyse que ie ne lay congneu\n pieca | Car moult en feusse amende |\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot praises the Queen, and Lancelot sheds tears.]\n\n mais ma dame la royne est sy vaillante que oncques plus honneste\n dame ne vey.\u201d et quant le cheualier ouyt parler de la royne, si se\n embronche et commence a souspirer durement. et gallehault le regarde\n et se esmerueille moult pource q{ue} les larmes luy cheoyent des\n yeulx, si commence a parler daultre chose.\n\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot asks Galiot to return to Arthur, and to report to\nhim all the conversation.]\n\n ++QVant ilz ont longuement parle ense{m}ble, le cheualier noir luy\n dist. \u201cAllez, si ferez a monseigneur le roy compaignie, et si\n escoutez sy vouz orrez de moy nulles parolles, & vous me compterez\n demain ce que vous aurez ouy.\u201d \u201cVoulentiers, sire,\u201d faict gallehault\n | lors le accolle, et dit aux roys. \u201cJe vous baille en garde cest\n homme comme le cueur de mon ventre.\u201d Ainsi sen va gallehault & le\n cheuallier demeure en la garde de deux preu[d]hommes du pays de\n Gallehault | mais il ne fault mye demander sil fust honnore | car\n len faisoit assez plus pour luy quil neust voulu.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot sleeps with the two kings in Galiot\u2019s tent;]\n\n celle nuyt geurent les deux roys au tref gallehault pour lamour du\n cheualier & luy firent entenda{n}t quilz ny coucheroye{n}t mye | &\n ilz le firent coucher ainsi que Gallehault auoit fait lautre nuyt.\n\n[Sidenote: but awakes at midnight, and makes a great moaning.]\n\n Au commencement dormit le cheualier mo{u}lt fort, et qua{n}t vint a\n mynuit si comme{n}ca a soy tourner, et commenca a faire vng dueil si\n gra{n}t que tous ceulz qui entour luy estoyent sen esueillerent. Et\n en son refrain disoit souuent. \u201cHaa chetif, que pourray ie faire?\u201d\n Et toute nuyt demena tel deuil. Au matin se leuerent les deux roys\n le plus coyement quilz peurent | & moult se merueillent quil pouoit\n auoir.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot comes to see after Lancelot, finds him with his eyes\nred and swoln, and conjures him to tell him what the matter is.]\n\n daultre part fut gallehault leue, & vint a son tref veoir son\n compaignon. Il demande aux deux roys que son compaignon fait. Et ilz\n luy dient quil auoit toute nuyt mene grant dueil. Lors entre en la\n chambre ou il estoit, et si tost comme il le ouyt venir il essuye\n ses yeulx; Ado{n}c gallehault, cuidant que il dormist, saillist\n dehors de la cha{m}bre incontinent; apres le cheualier se leua.\n Et gallehault vit que il auoit les yeulx rouges et enflez. Adonc le\n prent par la main, et le tyre a part, et luy dist. \u201cBeau doulx\n compaignon, po{ur}quoy vous occiez vous ainsi? dont vous vient ce\n dueil que vous auez toute nuyt demene, & le desplaisir que vous\n auez? Je vous prye pour dieu que vous me diez la cause, et ie vous\n ayderay se nul homme mortel y peult co{n}seil mettre;\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot cries bitterly, and says that it is his heart, which\nhas all the dread that it is possible for mortal heart to have.]\n\n & commence a plourer si durement comme sil veist mort la chose du\n mo{n}de que mieulx aymast. Lors est gallehault moult a malayse et\n luy dit, \u201cBeau doulx compaignon, dictes moy vostre mescheance | car\n il nest nul homme au monde, sil vous auoit riens forfait, que ie nen\n pourchassasse vostre droit.\u201d Et il dist que nul ne luy a riens\n meffait. \u201cbeau doulx amy, pourquoy menez vous doncq{ue}s si gra{n}t\n dueil? Vous poise il que ie vous ay fait mon maistre & mo{n}\n compaignon?\u201d \u201cHaa,\u201d fait il, \u201cvous auez assez plus fait pour moy que\n ie ne pourroye desseruir, ne riens du mo{n}de ne me met a malaise\n que mon cueur, qui a toute paour que cueur mortel po{u}rrait auoir.\n Si doubte moult que vostre grant debonnairete ne me occie.\u201d De ceste\n chose est gallehault moult a malayse, si reconforte son compaignon.\n\n[Sidenote: They go to Mass, and Lancelot declares his belief that the\nBread is the Body of Christ.]\n\n Apres allerent ouyr masse. Quant vint q{ue} le prestre eut fait\n trois parties du corps de nostre seigneur, gallehault se trait\n auant, et tient son compaignon par la main, & luy monstre le corps\n de nostre seigneur que le prestre tenoit entre ses mains; Puis luy\n dist. \u201cdoncques ne croyez vous pas bien que cest le corps de nostre\n saulueur?\u201d \u201cVoirement le croy ie bien,\u201d fait le cheualier. Et\n gallehault luy dist. \u201cbeau doulx amy, or ne me mescreez mye que ces\n trois parties de chair que ie vois en semblance de pain, ia ne feray\n en ma vie chose q{ue} ie cuyde q{u}i vous ennuye: mais toutes les\n choses que ie scauray qui vous plairont, pourchasseray a mon\n pouoir.\u201d \u201csire,\u201d fait il, \u201cgrant mercys.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: After Mass, Lancelot bids Galiot go again to Arthur.]\n\n A tant se taisent iusques apres la messe | et lors demanda\n gallehault a son compaignon quil fera; \u201cSire,\u201d fait il, \u201cvous ne\n laisserez mie le roy en ce poi{n}t | ains yrez luy faire\n compaignie.\u201d \u201cSire,\u201d faict il, \u201cgrant mercys;\u201d A\u00a0tant sen part de\n luy, si le rebaille aux preudhommes de la court du roy artus. si\n fo{n}t de luy grant signeurie sicomme ilz peuent.\n\n\n[Sidenote: After dinner the King and Queen visit Gawain, and he asks\nGaliot who made peace between him and Arthur.]\n\n ++ET quant vint apres disner, sy furent le roy & la royne &\n gallehault appuyez au lict de messire gauuain, tant q{ue} messire\n gauuain dist a gallehault. \u201cSire, or ne vous poise dune chose que ie\n vous dema{n}deray.\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d fait galehault, \u201cnon fera il.\u201d \u201csire,\n celle paix qui fut entre vous & mon oncle, par qui fut elle, par la\n chose au monde q{u}i plus vous aymez?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cA knight,\u201d says Galiot. \u201cBut what knight?\u201d asks Gawain.]\n\n \u201cSire,\u201d fait il, \u201cvous me auez tant coniure que ie le vous diray.\n Vng cheualier la fist.\u201d \u201cEt qui est le cheualier?\u201d fait messire\n gauuain. \u201cSi maist dieu,\u201d fait gallehault, \u201cie ne scay.\u201d \u201cQui fut\n celluy aux noires armes?\u201d deist messire gauuain. \u201cCe fut,\u201d fait il,\n \u201cvng cheualier;\u201d \u201cTant,\u201d fait il, \u201cen pouez vo{us} bien dire | mais\n acquitter vous conuient.\u201d \u201cJe me suis acquite de ce que me\n coniurastes. Ne plus ne vous en diray ores | ne rien ne vous en\n eusse ores dit, se vous ne me eussiez coniure.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cThe Black Knight,\u201d answers the Queen; \u201cshow him to us.\u201d]\n\n \u201cPar dieu,\u201d faict la royne, \u201cce fut le cheuallier noir | mais\n faictes le nous monstrer.\u201d \u201cQui | moy, dame?\u201d faict gallehault, \u201cie\n le vous puys bien monstrer sicomme celluy qui rie{n}s nen scait!\u201d\n \u201cTaisez vous,\u201d fait la royne, \u201cil est demoure auec vo{us}, & hier\n porta voz armes.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cI cannot,\u201d says Galiot; \u201che is not from my country;\u201d]\n\n \u201cDame,\u201d fait il | \u201cil est vray | mais ie ne le vys oncques puis que\n ie party du roy a la premiere fois.\u201d \u201ccomment,\u201d fait le roy, \u201cne le\n cognoissiez vous mye | ie cuydoye que il fust de vostre terre.\u201d \u201cSi\n maist dieu, non est,\u201d fait gallehault. \u201ccertes,\u201d fait le roy, \u201cne de\n la myenne non est il mye.\u201d |\n\n[Sidenote: and Galiot will not disclose the knight\u2019s name, but asks\nArthur if he ever saw a better knight, and what he would give to know\nhim henceforth.]\n\n Moult tindrent longuement gallehault a parolle le roy et la royne\n pour auoir le nom du cheualier | mais plus nen peurent traire. et\n messire gauuain craint quil ne ennuye a gallehault, si dist au roy.\n \u201cOr en laissez a tant le parler. certes le cheualier est preudhomme,\n & pleust a dieu que ie luy ressemblasse.\u201d Moult loe messire gauuain\n le cheualier. Si en ont la parolle laissee | et gallehault la\n recommence et dit. \u201cSire, veistes vous oncques meilleur cheuallier\n que celluy au noir escu?\u201d \u201ccertes,\u201d fait le roy, \u201cie ne vy oncques\n cheualier de qui ie aymasse mieulx laccointance po{u}r cheualerie;\u201d\n \u201cNon,\u201d | fait gallehault. \u201cOr me dictes,\u201d faict gallehault, \u201cpar la\n foy que vous deuez a ma dame q{u}i cy est, combien vous vouldriez\n auoir donne pour auoir son accointance a tousioursmais?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cHalf of all I have, except my wife,\u201d Says Arthur.]\n\n \u201cSi maist dieu,\u201d faict il, \u201cie luy partiroye la moytie de tout ce\n que ie po{u}rroye auoir, fors seullement de ceste dame.\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d\n fait gallehault, \u201cassez y mettriez.\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cAnd what would you give, Gawain?\u201d]\n\n Et vous, messire gauuain, se dieu vous doint sante que tant desirez,\n quel meschief en feriez vous pour auoir compaignie a si preudhomme?\u201d\n Et qua{n}t messire gauuain lot, si pense vng petit comme celluy qui\n ne cuyde iamais auoir sante.\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cI should like to turn woman if he would love me all his\nlife.\u201d]\n\n \u201cSe dieu me donnoit la sante que ie desire | ie vouldroye\n ore{n}droit estre vne des plus belles dames du monde, par conuenant\n quil me aymast to{us} les iours de sa vie.\u201d \u201cpar ma foy,\u201d fait\n gallehault, \u201cassez y auez mis.\u201d \u201cEt vous, madame, quel meschef\n feriez vous par conuena{n}t que vng tel cheualier fust tousiours en\n vostre seruice?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cI can offer no more than Gawain,\u201d says the Queen.]\n\n \u201cpar dieu,\u201d fait elle, \u201cmessire gauuain y a mis toutes les offres\n que dame y peult mettre.\u201d Et mo{n}seigneur gauuain & tous aultres se\n commencerent a rire. \u201cGallehault,\u201d fait messire gauuain, \u201cqui tous\n nous auez adiurez par le serment que ie vous co{n}iuray, ores qui\n vouldriez vous y auoir mys?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cWell,\u201d says Galiot, \u201cI would turn all my honour into shame,\nfor his sake.\u201d]\n\n \u201cSi maist dieu,\u201d faict gallehault, \u201cie y vouldroye auoir tourne mon\n honneur a honte, par tel si q{ue} ieusse a tousioursmais vng si bon\n cheualier en ma compaignie.\u201d \u201cSy maist dieu,\u201d faict messire gauuain,\n \u201cplus y auez mys que nous.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: So Gawain concludes that it was the Black Knight who brought\nabout the peace.]\n\n et lors se pensa messire gauuain que cestoit le noir cheualier qui\n le paix auoit faicte | car pour luy auoit tourne son honneur a\n honte, quant il veit quil estoyt au dessus. Et le dist gauuain a la\n royne, & se fut la cause do{n}t gallehault fut plus prise; Moult\n tindrent longuement parolles du cheualier.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen walks away with Galiot, tells him she loves him\nmuch, and prays him to let her see the Black Knight.]\n\n et la royne sadressa, et dist quelle sen voulloit aller vers la\n bretesche pour veoir les prez, et gallehault la conuoye: si le print\n la royne par la main & luy dist. \u201cGallehault, ie vous ayme moult, &\n il est vray que vous auez le cheualier en vostre baillie, & par\n aduenture il est tel que ie le congnois bien; si vous prie si cher\n que vous auez mamour, que vous faciez tant que ie le voye.\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d\n fait gallehault, \u201cie nen ay encores nulle saisine | & ne le vy puis\n que la paix fut faicte de moy & du roy.\n\n[Sidenote: He promises to do all he can for her;]\n\n Et se il estoit or en mon tref, si y conuiendroit il aultre voulente\n q{ue} le vostre & que la mienne. Et bien saichez que tant me auez\n coniure q{ue} ie mettray tout le pouoir que ie pourray. co{m}ment\n vous pourrez parler a luy?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: and the Queen says, \u201cI shall be sure to see him if you try,\nfor he is in your custody. Send and get him.\u201d]\n\n \u201cse vous en faictes vostre pouoir,\u201d fait elle, \u201cie le verray bien, &\n ie men attens a vous, et faictes tant que ie soye vostre a\n tousiours: car cest vng des hommes du monde que ie verroye plus\n voulentiers.\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d fait il, \u201cie en feray mon pouoir.\u201d \u201cGrant\n mercys,\u201d fait elle. \u201cOr gardez que ie le voye au plus tost que vous\n pourrez | car il est en vostre baillie, ie le scay bien | et se il\n est en vostre terre, enuoyez le querre.\u201d Atant sen part gallehault &\n sen vient au roy.\n\n[Sidenote: Arthur wishes Galiot\u2019s people and his own to be brought\nnearer to one another.]\n\n Et mo{n}seigneur gauuain & le roy lui dient. \u201cgallehault, ie suis\n deliure de mes gens, ores faictes approcher voz ge{n}s des nostres,\n ou ie feray approcher les nostres des vostres | Car nous sommes a\n priuee mesgnie.\u201d \u201cSire,\u201d faict gallehault, \u201cie feray approcher les\n miens daultre part de cest riuiere si que mon tref sera endroit le\n vostre, et sera vne nef appareillee en quoy nous passerons dicy la\n et de la icy.\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d fait le roy, \u201cmoult auez bien dit.\u201d\n\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot returns to Lancelot, tells him what the King, Gawain,\nand the Queen have said of him, and asks him what answer he shall give\nthe Queen.]\n\n ++LOrs sen va Gaillehault en sa tente, et trouue son compaignon\n mo{u}lt pensif. Il luy demande co{m}ment il a puis fait; Et il dist,\n \u201cbien, se paour ne me mestriast.\u201d et gallehault dist, \u201cde quoy auez\n vous telle paour?\u201d \u201cque ie ne soye co{n}gneu,\u201d dist il. \u201cor nen ayez\n mie paour, car vous ny serez ia congneu, se vostre voulente ne y\n est;\u201d Lors luy compte les offres que le roy et messire gauuain ont\n faict pour luy, et ce que la royne dit | et comment la royne la tenu\n a grant parlement de le veoir | et comme il luy respondit. \u201cet\n saichez que elle na de nully si tres grant desir de veoir comme de\n vous. Et mo{n}seigneur la Roy ma prye que ie face mes gens approcher\n | car nous sommes trop loing lung de lautre. Or me dictes que vous\n voulez que je face | car il est en vostre plaisir.\u201d \u201cJe loue que\n vous facez ce que monseign{eu}r le roy vous prye;\u201d \u201cEt a ma dame que\n respondray ie, beau doulx amy?\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d fait il, \u201cie ne scay.\u201d\n Lors commence a souspirer.\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot sighs, and says, \u201cWhatever you advise.\u201d]\n\n Et gallehault luy deist. \u201cBeau doulx amy, ne vous esmayez point |\n mais dictes moy comment vous voulez quil soit | car bien saichez\n quil sera ainsi comme vous vouldrez | et ie aymeroye mieulx estre\n courrouce a la moytie du monde que a vous tout seul. ores me dictes\n quil vous en plaist.\u201d \u201cSire,\u201d faict ledit cheualier, \u201cce que vous me\n louerez | car ie suis en vostre garde desormais.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cThere will be no harm in seeing her,\u201d answers Galiot.]\n\n \u201cCertes,\u201d fait gallehault, \u201cil me semble que pour veoir ma dame la\n royne il ne vous peult empyrer.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Lancelot says the matter must be managed secretly; and they\nagree that Galiot shall tell the Queen he has sent to seek for\nLancelot.]\n\n Lors apperceut galehault assez de son penser, & le tient si court\n quil luy octroye ce quil demande | \u201cmais il conuiendra,\u201d faict il,\n \u201cque il soyt faict celeement, que nul ne le saiche | fors moy et\n vous.\u201d Et gallehault dit que il ne se soulcye point. \u201cOr dictes,\u201d\n (fait le cheualier a gallehault,) \u201ca\u00a0ma dame que vous me auez enuoye\n querre.\u201d \u201cSur moy en laissez le surplus,\u201d dit Gallehault. Lors sen\n part a tant, et commanda ses trefz a tendre la ou il auoit en\n conuenant au roy | et son seneschal fist son commandement.\n\n\n[Sidenote: How Guinevere and Lancelot meet and talk.]\n\n \u00b6 Comment gallehault fist tant que la royne veit Lancelot,\n Et comment ilz se araisonnerent ensemble, et parlerent de plusieurs\n choses.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen asks Galiot what he has done for her.]\n\n ++A Tant sen partit gallehault & sen vient au tref du roy, & si tost\n comme la royne le voit, si luy courut a lencontre, & luy dema{n}de\n comment il auoit exploycte la besongne. \u201cdame,\u201d faict il, \u201cie en ay\n fait tant que ie craing que lamour de vostre pryere ne me tolle la\n chose du monde que ie ayme plus.\u201d \u201cSy maist dieu,\u201d faict elle, \u201cvous\n ne perderez riens par moy que ie ne vous rende ou double | mais que\n y pouez vo{us},\u201d fait elle, \u201cperdre?\u201d \u201cCelluy mesmes que vous\n demandez,\u201d fait gallehault | \u201cCar ie doubte quil ne se courrouce, et\n que ie ne le perde a tousiours.\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d faict elle, \u201cce ne\n pourray ie pas rendre | mais ia par moy ne le perderez, se dieu\n plaist. Et touteffoys dictes moy quant il viendra\u201d |\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cSent to seek for your knight,\u201d says he.]\n\n \u201cdame,\u201d fait il, \u201cquant il pourra | car ie lay enuoye querre, et\n croy que il ne demourra mye longuement.\u201d De leur conseil entendit\n ung peu la dame de mallehault qui sen prenoit garde et nen faisoit\n mye semblant.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot returns to his men, and tells his Seneschal to bring\nLancelot when he sends for him.]\n\n Lors sen partit gallehault et vient a ses gens qui estoyent logez la\n ou il auoit commande.\n\n\n ++QVant il fut descendu, il parla a son Seneschal et luy deist |\n \u201cquant ie vous enuoyeray querir, venez a moy, vous & mon compaignon\n en ce lieu la.\u201d Et le roy des cent cheualiers, qui son seneschal\n estoit, dist que mo{u}lt voulentiers feroit son commandement & son\n plaisir.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot then goes back to the Queen, says he thinks she will\nsee her knight that evening, and appoints to meet her in an Orchard\nbelow.]\n\n Lors salua Gallehault son compaignon, et sen retourna a la court. Et\n quant la royne veit gallehault qui estoit venu, elle luy dist que il\n gardast bien et loyaulment ce quil luy auoit promis. Et il luy dist\n | \u201cdame, ie cuyde que vous verrez ennuyt ce que vous auez tant\n desire.\u201d Quant elle ouyt ce, si en fut moult ioyeuse, et moult luy\n ennuya ce iour pour sa voulente acomplir du desir q{ue} elle auoit\n de parler a celuy ou toutes ses pensees estoyent. Lors luy deist\n Gallehault, \u201cnous yrons apres soupper en ce vergier la aual\u201d | et\n elle luy octroye.\n\n[Sidenote: After supper the Queen goes to the Orchard, and Galiot sends\nfor his Seneschal and the Knight, who come.]\n\n Quant ce vint apres souper, si appelle la royne | la dame de\n mallehault | et dame Lore de cardueil, une sienne pucelle, et sen\n vont tout droit la ou gallehault auoyt dit | et gallehault prent ung\n escuyer et luy dist. \u201cVa et dy a mon seneschal que il viengne la ou\n ie luy commanday.\u201d Et celuy y va. Apres ne demoura guaires que le\n seneschal y vint, luy et le cheualier. Ilz estoye{n}t tous deux de\n grant beaulte; Quant ilz approchere{n}t, si congneut la dame de\n mallehault le cheualier comme celluy que elle auoyt eu maint iour en\n sa baillie. Et pource quelle ne vouloit mye que il la congneut, se\n embroncha, et ilz passent oultre. le seneschal les salue. Et\n gallehault dit a la royne. \u201cDame, lequel vous semble il que se\n soit?\u201d | et elle dit.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen at first cannot think that either is the black\nknight, but one is so bashful that she fixes on him, seats him by her,\nsmiles on him, says she has so longed to see him, and now he must tell\nher who he is. \u201cI don\u2019t know,\u201d he answers.]\n\n \u201cCertes, ilz sont tous deux beaulx cheualliers | mais ie ne voy\n corps ou il puisse auoir tant de prouesse que le noir cheualier\n auoit.\u201d \u201cor saichez, dame, que cest lung de ces deux\u201d | a tant sont\n venuz auant, et le cheuallier tremble si que a peine peult saluer la\n royne, & la royne sen esmerueille. lors se agenouillent eulx deux,\n et le cheualier la salue | mais cest moult pourement | car moult\n estoit honteux. Lors se pense la royne que cest il. Et gallehault\n dit au seneschal. \u201callez, si faictes a ces dames compaignie.\u201d Et\n celluy fait ce que son sire luy comma{n}de. A doncq{ue}s la royne\n prent le cheualier par la main & le assiet iouxte elle. Sy luy fait\n moult beau semblant & dit en riant. \u201cSire, moult vo{us} auons\n desire, tant que, dieu mercy et gallehault, vous voyons. et\n nonpourtant encores ne croy ie mye que ce soit celluy que ie demande\n | & gallehault ma dit que cestes vous | & encores vouldroye scauoir\n qui vous estes par vostre bouche mesmes, se vostre plaisir y\n estoit.\u201d Et celuy dit que il ne scait | et oncques ne la regarda au\n visaige. Et la royne ce esmerueille que il peult auoir, tant quelle\n souspeconne une partie de ce quil a.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot leaves the two to themselves, and the Queen asks the\nknight, \u201cAre not you he who wore the black armour, and overcame\neveryone?\u201d]\n\n Et gallehault, qui le voigt si honteux, pense quil veult dire a la\n royne son penser seul a seul. lors sen vient messire gauuain celle\n part, et fait rasseoir les damoyselles pour ce que leuees sestoient\n encontre luy. Puis commence{n}t a parler de maintes choses. Et la\n Royne dit au cheuallier, \u201cBeau sire, pourquoy vous celez vous de\n moy? Certes il ne y a cause pourquoy; nestes vo{us} mie celluy qui\n porta les noires armes, et qui vainquist lassemblee?\u201d \u201cDame, nenny\u201d\n | \u201cet nestes vous pas celluy qui porta lendemain les armes a\n gallehault?\u201d \u201cDame, ouy;\u201d \u201cDo{n}c estes vous celluy qui vainquistes\n lassemblee qui fut faicte le premier iour par deuer{s} nous et\n par[A42] deuers Gallehault?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cNo, I am not,\u201d saith he, refusing to praise himself.]\n\n \u201cDame, non suis.\u201d Quant la royne ot ainsi parler le cheualier, a\n donc appercoit elle bien quil ne veult mie congnoistre quil eust\n vaincue lassemblee, si len prise mieulx la royne | car quant vng\n homme se loe luy mesmes, il tourne son honneur a honte | et quant\n aultruy le loe, adonc il est mieulx prise.\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cThen who made you a knight, and when?\u201d]\n\n \u201cOr me dictes,\u201d fait la royne a lancelot | \u201cq{ui} vous fist\n cheuallier?\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d fait il, \u201cvous;\u201d \u201cMoy?\u201d fait elle, \u201cEt quant?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cYou, at Kamalot, when the pieces of a spear were drawn out\nof the wounded knight, and you girded on my sword, thus knighting me,\nand I went away to help the Lady of Noehault, and sent you two damsels.]\n\n \u201cDame,\u201d fait il, \u201cvous remembrez vous point quant vng cheuallier\n vint a Kamalot, lequel estoyt naure de deux troncons de lance au\n corps, et dune espee parmy la teste, et que vng varlet vi{n}t a\n co{ur}t en vng vendredy, et fut cheualier le dymenche, et deffera le\n cheuallier?\u201d \u201cDe ce,\u201d fait elle, \u201cme souient il bien | et se dieu\n vous aist, feustes vous ce q{ue} la dame du lac amena en court vestu\n dune robe blanche?\u201d \u201cDame, ouy.\u201d \u201cEt pourquoy dictes vous donc que\n ie vous fis cheuallier?\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d fait il, \u201cie dys vray | Car la\n coustume est telle que nul ne peut estre cheuallier sans ceindre\n espee. Et celluy de qui il tient lespee, le faict cheuallier; de\n vous la tiens ie. Car le roy ne la me donna onques. Pour ce dis ie\n que vous me feistes cheualier.\u201d De ce est la royne mo{u}lt ioyeuse |\n \u201cou vous en allastes vous au partir de co{ur}t?\u201d \u201cDame, ie men allay\n pour secourir la dame de noehault;\u201d \u201cEt durant ce temps me mandastes\n vous riens?\u201d \u201cDame, ouy | ie vo{us} enuoyay peux pucelles.\u201d \u201cIl est\n vray,\u201d dist la royne. \u201cEt quant vous partistes de noehault,\n trouuastes vous nul cheuallier qui se reclamast de moy?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Then I met a man, who said he was your knight, and I fought\nhim (for which I crave your pardon).]\n\n \u201cDame, ouy; vng qui gardoit vng gue, et me dist que descendisse de\n dessus mon cheual et le vouloit auoir, et ie luy demanday a qui il\n estoit | et il dist a vous. Puis luy demanday apres, qui le\n commandoyt. Et il me dist quil nauoyt nul commandement que le\n sie{n}. Et adoncques remys le pied en lestrief et remontay |\n Car ie estoye ia descendu | et luy dis que il ne lauoyt point, et me\n combatis a luy. Et ie scay bien que ie vous fis oultraige, si vous\n en crie mercy\u201d | \u201cCertes a moy ne en feistes vous point | Car il\n nestoyt mye a moy | et luy sceuz mauluais gre de ce quil ce reclama\n de moy. Mais or me dictes on vous en allastes la?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: After that I took the Sorrowful Castle, and there I saw you\nthrice, last when you thought you had lost Gawain and his companions,\nand I helped to deliver him from prison.\u201d]\n\n \u201cDame, ie men allay a la douloureuse garde\u201d | \u201c& qui la conquist?\u201d\n \u201cDame, ie y entray\u201d | \u201cet ne vous y viz ie oncques.\u201d \u201cOuy, plus de\n troys foys.\u201d \u201cEt en quel temps?\u201d fist elle. \u201cDame,\u201d fist il, \u201cvng\n iour que ie vous demanday se vous vouliez leans entrer; Et vous\n deistes ouy | et estiez moult esbahye par semblant.\u201d \u201cEt quel escu\n portiez vo{us}?\u201d \u201cDame, ie portay a la premiere foys vng escu blanc\n a vne bande de belif vermeille. Et lautre foys vng ou il y auoyt\n deux bendes\u201d | \u201cEt vous vys ie plus?\u201d \u201cOuy, la nuyt que vous cuidiez\n auoir perdu messire Gauuain et ses co{m}paignons, et que les gens\n cryoyent que le{n} me prenist; Je vins hors a tout mon escu a troys\n bendes.\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d faict elle, \u201cce poise moy | car se on vous eust\n detenu, tous les enchantements feussent demourez | Mais or me\n dictes, fustes vous ce qui iettastes messire Gauain de prison?\u201d\n \u201cDame, ie y ayday a mon pouoir.\u201d \u201cCertes,\u201d faict elle, \u201cen toutes\n les choses q{ue} vous me dictes ie nay trouue si non verite.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen asks the knight who was in the turret above his\nroom there.]\n\n Mais or me dictes qui estoit en vne tournelle dessus la chambre\n monseigneur.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cA damsel whom I never dishonoured, but I asked her not to\nleave till she saw my messenger or me, which I then forgot, and kept her\nthere a very long time.\u201d]\n\n \u201cDame, cestoyt vne pucelle que ie ne villennay oncques | Car ma dame\n du lac la me auoyt enuoyee | si me trouua en ceste tournelle | il\n fut assez qui la honnora pour moy. Quant ie ouy nouuelles de\n monseigneur Gauuain, si en fut mo{u}lt angoisseux, et men party de\n la Damoyselle qui auecques moy debuoit venir, et luy priay que elle\n ne se remuast tant que elle eust mon messaige ou moy. Si fus si\n surprins de tresgrant affaire que ie loubliay | et elle fut plus\n loyalle uers moy que ie ne fus courtois vers elle | car oncques ne\n se remua iusques a ce q{ue}lle eut mes enseignes, et ce fut grant\n piece apres.\u201d\n\n [Footnote A42: The original has _pat_.]\n\n\n[Sidenote: How the Queen knew Lancelot.]\n\n Comment la royne congneut Lancelot apres q{u}il eut lo{n}guement\n parle a elle, et q{u}il luy eut compte de ses adue{n}tures. Et\n comment la premiere acointance fut faicte entre lancelot et la royne\n genieure par le moyen de gallehault.\n\n[Sidenote: When she heard of this damsel the Queen knew it must be\nLancelot, and asks him if he was the knight whom Daguenet took.]\n\n ++QVant la royne eut parle de la damoiselle, si scait bien q{ue}\n cest La{n}celot. Si luy enquist de toutes les choses q{ue}lle auoit\n ouy de luy, et de toutes le trouua vray disa{n}t; \u201cOr me dictes,\u201d\n fait elle, \u201cvous vy ie puis?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: He answers \u201cYes;\u201d and that two rascals killed his horse, and\nYwain gave him another.]\n\n \u201cOuy, dame, telle heure que vo{us} me eustes bie{n} mestier | car\n ieusse este noye a kamalot se ne eussiez vous este.\u201d \u201cComment!\n feustes vous celluy que daguenet le fol print?\u201d \u201cDame, prins fus ie\n sans faulte.\u201d \u201cEt ou alliez vous?\u201d \u201cDame, ie alloye apres vng\n cheuallier.\u201d \u201cEt vous combatistes vous a luy\u201d | \u201cdame, ouy.\u201d \u201cEt\n dillec ou allastes vous?\u201d \u201cDame, ie trouuay deux grans villains que\n me occirent mo{n} cheual | mais messire yuain, qui bonne aduenture\n ayt, men donna vng.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cAh, then your name is Lancelot,\u201d says she, \u201cand for what\nlady or damsel did you do such feats of arms the day before yesterday?\u201d]\n\n \u201cHa, ha,\u201d fait elle, \u201cie scay bien qui vous estes; Vous auez nom\n lancelot du lac.\u201d Il se taist. \u201cPar dieu,\u201d faict elle, \u201cpourneant le\n celez | long temps a que messire Gauuain apporta nouuelles de vostre\n nom a co{ur}t;\u201d Lors luy compta comment messire yuain auoit compte\n que la damoyselle auoit dit | cest la tierce. \u201cEt anten quelles\n armes portastes vous?\u201d \u201cVnes vermeilles.\u201d \u201cPar mo{n} chef cest\n verite. Et auant hier pourquoy feistes vo{u}s tant darmes comme vous\n feistes?\u201d Et il commenca a souspirer. \u201cDictes moy seurement | Car ie\n scay bien que pour aulcune dame ou damoyselle le feistes vous, et me\n dictes qui elle est, par la foy que vous me deuez.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cFor you, Lady; and for you I broke the three lances that\nyour maiden brought me for you had made me your _friend_, and said I was\nyour knight in all lands, and bid me adieu as your own sweet friend.]\n\n \u201cHaa, dame, ie voy bien quil le me conuient dire, cestes vo{us}.\u201d\n \u201cMoy?\u201d faict elle. \u201cVoire, dame.\u201d \u201cPour moy ne ro{m}pistes vous pas\n les troys lances que ma pucelle vous porta?\u201d \u201cCar ie me mis bien\n hors du mandement, dame; ie fis pour elle ce q{ue} ie deuz, et pour\n vous ce que ie peux.\u201d \u201cEt combien a il que vous me aymez tant?\u201d \u201cDes\n le iour que ie fus tenu pour cheuallier, et ie ne lestoye mye\u201d |\n \u201cPar la foy que vous me deuez, dont vindrent ces amours que vous\n auez en moy mises?\u201d \u201cdame,\u201d fait il, \u201cvous le me feistes faire qui\n de moy feistes vostre amy, se vostre bouche ne me a me{n}ty.\u201d \u201cMon\n amy!\u201d faict elle, \u201ccomment?\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d fait il, \u201cie vins deuant vous\n quant ie eu prins congie monseigneur le roy | si vous commanday a\n dieu, et dis que ie estoye vostre cheuallier en tous lieux. Et vous\n me dictes que vostre amy et vostre cheuallier voulliez vous que ie\n feusse. Et ie dys, \u201ca\u00a0dieu! dame.\u201d Et vous distes \u201ca\u00a0dieu! mon beau\n doulx amy!\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: That word has never left me, but always been my strength and\nwealth.\u201d]\n\n Ce fut le mot qui preudhomme me fera, se ie le suis, ne oncques puis\n ne fus a si grant meschef que il ne men remembrast. Ce mot ma\n conforte en to{us} mes ennuys. Cest mot ma de tous maulx guary. Cest\n mot ma fait riche en mes pouretez;\u201d \u201cPar ma foy,\u201d fait la royne, \u201cce\n mot fut en bo{n}ne heure dict | et dieu en soyt aoure | ne ie ne le\n prenoye pas acertes comme vous feistes, et a maint preudhomme ay ie\n ce dict ou ie ne pensay oncques riens que le dire.\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cOh, but that was only an ordinary compliment,\u201d says\nGuinevere, to tease him.]\n\n Mais la coustume est telle des cheualliers que font a mainte dame\n semblant de telles choses dont a gueres ne leur est au cueur.\u201d Et ce\n disoit elle po{ur} veoir de combien elle le pourroit mettre en\n malaise;\n\n[Sidenote: This grieves Lancelot so that he nearly faints, at which\nGaliot is greatly grieved, tells the Queen that Lancelot is the\ngallantest and truest of men, and prays her to have mercy on him.]\n\n Car elle veoit bien quil ne pretendoit a autre amour que a la sienne\n | mais elle se delectoyt a sa malaisete veoir, et il eut si grant\n angoisse que par vng pou q{u}il ne se pasma | & la royne eut paour\n quil ne cheist, si appella gallehault, et il y vint acourant. Quant\n il voyt q{ue} son compaigno{n} est si courrouce, si en a si gra{n}t\n angoisse q{ue} plus ne peut. \u201cHaa, dame,\u201d fait gallehault, \u201cvous le\n nous pourrez bien tollir, et ce seroit trop grand do{m}maige.\u201d\n \u201cCertes, sire, se seroit mo{n};\u201d \u201cEt ne scauez vous pour qui il a\n tant fait darmes?\u201d faict gallehault. \u201cCertes, nenny,\u201d faict elle |\n \u201cmais, se il est veoir ce qui ma este dict, cest pour moy;\u201d \u201cDame,\n se maist dieu, bien len pouez croire | car aussi comme il est le\n plus preudho{m}me de tous les hommes | aussi est son cueur plus vray\n que tous aultres.\u201d \u201cVoireme{n}t,\u201d fait elle, \u201cdiriez vous quil\n seroit preudhomme se vous scauiez quil a fait darmes puis quil fut\n cheuallier.\u201d Lors luy compte tout ainsi co{m}ment vous auez ouy |\n \u201cet saichez quil a ce faict seullement pour moy,\u201d fait elle. Lors\n luy prie gallehault, & dist. \u201cPour dieu, dame, ayez de luy mercy, et\n faictes pour moy ainsi comme ie fis pour vous quant vous men\n priastes.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cWhat mercy?\u201d says she;]\n\n \u201cQuelle mercy voulez vous que ien aye?\u201d \u201cDame, vous scauez que ie\n vous ayme sur toutes, et il a fait po{u}r vous plus que oncques\n cheualier ne fist po{u}r dame, et sachez que la paix de moy et de\n monseign{eu}r neust ia este faicte se neust il este.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cthere is nothing he can ask of me that I will not do; but he\nwill not ask.\u201d]\n\n \u201cCertes,\u201d faict elle, \u201cil a plus faict pour moy que ne pourroye\n desseruir, ne il ne me pourroyt chose requerre dont ie le peuisse\n esconduyre | mais il ne me requiert de riens | ains est tant\n melencolieux que merueilles.\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d fait gallehault, \u201cauez en\n mercy; il est celluy qui vo{us} ayme plus que soy mesmes. Si maist\n dieu, ie ne scauoye riens de sa voulente quant il vint, fors quil\n doubtoit de estre congneu, ne oncques plus ne men descouurit.\u201d \u201cJe\n en auray,\u201d fait elle, \u201ctelle mercy comme vous vouldrez.\u201d \u201cDame, vous\n auez fait ce que ie vous ay requis; aussi doy ie bien faire ce q{ue}\n vous me requerez.\u201d Se dit la royne, \u201cil ne me requiert de riens.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cHe does not dare,\u201d answers Galiot, \u201cbut I will ask for\nhim.\u201d]\n\n \u201cCertes, dame,\u201d fait gallehault, \u201cil ne ose | car le{n} ne aymera ia\n riens par amo{ur}s que len ne craigne | mais ie vous en prie pour\n luy, & se ie ne vous en priasse, si le deussiez vo{us} pourchasser.\n Car plus riche tresor ne pourriez vous conquester.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cThen I will grant it,\u201d says Queen Guinevere. Galiot prays\nher to give Lancelot her love, and become his loyal lady all her life.]\n\n \u201cCertes,\u201d fait elle, \u201cie le scay bien et ie en feray tout ce que\n vous commanderez.\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d fait Gallehault, \u201cgrant mercy. Je vous\n prie que vous luy donnez vostre amour, et le retenez pour vostre\n cheuallier a tousiours, et deuenez sa loyalle dame toute vostre vie\n | et vous le aurez fait plus riche que se vo{us} luy auiez donne\n tout le monde.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: She promises to be Lancelot\u2019s, and that she will do\neverything she is told.]\n\n \u201cCertes,\u201d faict elle, \u201cie luy ottroye que il soyt mien | et moy\n toute sienne, et que par vous soyent amendez tous les meffaitz.\u201d\n \u201cDame,\u201d faict Gallehault, \u201cgrant mercy. Or conuient il commencement\n de seruice;\u201d \u201cVous ne deuiserez riens,\u201d fait la royne, \u201cque ie ne\n face.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cThen kiss Lancelot before me,\u201d says Galiot.]\n\n \u201cDame,\u201d faict il, \u201cgrant mercy | donc baisez le deuant moy pour\n commencement de vrayes amours.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: This Guinevere agrees to do, if Lancelot wishes it.]\n\n \u201cDu baiser,\u201d faict elle, \u201cie ne voy ne lieu ne temps | et ne doubtez\n pas,\u201d faict elle, \u201cque ie ne le voulsisse faire aussi voullentiers\n quil feroit | mais ces dames sont cy qui mo{u}lt se merueillent\n q{ue} no{us} auons tant fait, si ne po{ur}royt estre que ilz ne le\n vissent. Nompourtant, se il veult, ie le baiseray voullentiers.\u201d Et\n il en est si ioyeulx que il ne peult respondre si non tant quil\n dict.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot says there is no doubt about Lancelot\u2019s wish;]\n\n \u201cDame,\u201d faict il, \u201cgrant mercy\u201d | \u201cdame,\u201d faict Gallehault, \u201cde son\n vouloir nen doubtez ia | Car il est tout vostre, bien le saichez, ne\n ia nul ne sen apperceuera; Nous troys serons ensemble ainsi comme se\n nous conseillions\u201d | \u201cDequoy me feroye ie pryer\u201d | faict elle |\n \u201cplus le vueil ie que vous.\u201d Lors se trayent a part, et font\n semblant de conseiller.\n\n[Sidenote: and as he is bashful, the Queen takes him by the chin, and\nkisses him before Galiot. (The Lady of Mallehault sees her.)]\n\n La Royne voyt que le cheuallier nen ose plus faire, si le prent par\n le menton, et baise deuant Gallehault assez longuement. Et la dame\n de Mallehauli (_sic_) sceut de vray que elle le baisoyt. Lors parla\n la Royne qui moult estoyt sage & vaillant dame.\n\n[Sidenote: Guinevere tells Lancelot that she is his, but charges him to\nkeep the matter secret, and Galiot too.]\n\n \u201cBeau doulx amy,\u201d faict elle, \u201ctant auez faict que ie suys vostre;\n Et moult en ay grant ioye. Or gardez que la chose soyt celee. Car\n mestier en est. Je suys une des Dames du monde dont len a greigneur\n bien dict, Et se ma renommee empiroyt par vous, il y auroyt layde\n amour et villaine | et vous, Gallehault, ie vous prye que mon\n honneur gardez | Car vous estes le plus saige | Et se mal men\n venoyt, ce ne seroyt si non par vous; Et se ien ay bien et ioye,\n vous me lauez donnee.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot promises this, and asks Guinevere to make Lancelot his\ncompanion for ever.]\n\n \u201cDame,\u201d faict Gallehault, \u201cil ne pourroyt vers vous mesprendre, et\n ien ay bien faict ce que vous me commandastes. Or vous prye que\n faciez ma voulente ainsi comme iay fait la vostre;\u201d \u201cDictes,\u201d fait\n elle, \u201ctout ce quil vo{us} plaira hardyment | car vous ne me\n scauriez chose comma{n}der que ie ne face.\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d faict il, \u201cdonc\n mauez vous ottroye que ie seray son compaignon a tousiours.\u201d\n \u201cCertes,\u201d fait elle, \u201cse de ce vo{us} failloit, vous auriez mal\n employe la peine que vous auez prinse pour luy et pour moy.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: She takes Lancelot\u2019s hand, gives him to Galiot, and says she\nhas given him Lancelot of the Lake, son of King Ban.]\n\n Lors prent le cheuallier par la main, et dict. \u201cGallehault, ie vous\n donne ce cheualier a tousiours sans ce que iay auant eu, et vous le\n me creancez ainsi\u201d | et aussi le cheualier luy creance | \u201cscauez\n vous,\u201d fait elle, \u201cGallehault, que ie vous ay donne lancelot du lac,\n le filz au roy ban de benoic;\u201d Ainsi luy a fait le cheualier\n congnoistre, qui moult en a grant honte.\n\n[Sidenote: This gives Galiot more joy than ever he had before, as he had\noften heard how Lancelot was the gallantest knight in the world.]\n\n Lors a gallehault greigneure ioye quil neust oncq{ue}s | car il\n auoit maintesfois ouy dire, comme parolles vont, que cestoyt le\n meilleur cheualier et le plus preux du monde, et bien scauoit que le\n roy ban auoit este moult gentil ho{m}me, et moult puissant de amys\n et de terre.\n\n\n ++AInsi fut faicte la premiere acointance de la royne et de lancelot\n par gallehault | et Gallehault ne lauoit oncques congneu que de\n veue, et pource luy fait creancer q{u}il ne luy demanderoit son nom\n tant quil luy dist, ou autre po{ur} luy. Lors se leuerent tous\n troys, et il anuytoit durement.\n\n[Sidenote: By the bright moonlight they recross the meads towards\nLancelot\u2019s tent, and Galiot sends Lancelot there, while he conducts the\nQueen to Arthur\u2019s tent, and tells him they have only been looking at the\nfields by themselves.]\n\n Mais la lune estoyt leuee, si faisoit cler | Si que elle luysoyt par\n toute la praerie | Lors sen retournerent a vne part contrement les\n prez droit vers le tref le cheualier, & le seneschal et gallehault\n vint apres luy & les dames ta{n}t q{u}ilz vindre{n}t endroit les\n te{n}tes de gallehault. Lors enuoya Gallehault son compaignon a son\n tref, et prent co{n}ge de la royne, et gallehault la conuoye iusques\n au tref du Roy. Et qua{n}t le roy les veyt, si demanda dont ilz\n venoyent. \u201cSire,\u201d fait Gallehault, \u201cnous uenons de veoir ces pres a\n si peu de compaignie comment vo{us} veez.\u201d Lors se assient, et\n parlent de plusieurs choses; si sont la Royne et Gallehault moult\n ayses.\n\n\n ++AV chef de piece se leua la royne, et sen alla en la bretesche;\n gallehault la conuoya iusq{ue}s la.\n\n[Sidenote: Galiot sees the Queen to her tower, and then takes leave of\nArthur and of Gawain, and goes to Lancelot\u2019s bed.]\n\n Puis la comma{n}de a dieu, et dist quil sen yroit gesir auec son\n compaignon. \u201cBien auez fait,\u201d dit la royne, \u201cil en sera plus ayse\u201d |\n A tant sen part gallehault, et vient au roy prendre congie, et dist\n quil ne luy desplaise, et que il yra gesir auec les gens pource quil\n ny auoyt geu de grant piece, et dist. \u201cSire, ie me doibz pener de\n faire leur voulente | car ilz me ayment moult.\u201d \u201cSire,\u201d fait messire\n gauuain, \u201cvo{us} dictes bien, et len doit bien honnorer telz\n preudhommes q{u}i les a.\u201d Lors sen part gallehault et vient a son\n compaignon; Ilz se coucherent to{us} deux en vng lict, et deviserent\n la une piece. Si nous laisserons ores a parler de gallehault & de\n son compaignon, et dirons de la royne qui est venu en la bretesche.\n\n\n[Sidenote: Queen Guinevere goes to the window to think, and the Lady of\nMallehault asks her why four are bad company.]\n\n ++QVa{n}t gallehault fut party, la royne sen alla en vne fenestre,\n et comme{n}ce a penser a ce que plus luy plaisoyt. La dame de\n mallehault saprocha delle quant elle la vit seulle, et luy dist le\n plus priueement que elle peut. \u201cHaa, dame! pourquoy ne est bonne la\n compaignie de quatre?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: At first Guinevere will not hear this, but the Lady repeats\nit; the Queen asks why she says it, and the Lady asks pardon, as perhaps\nshe has said too much.]\n\n La royne le ouyst bien, si ne dit mot, et fait semblant q{ue} riens\n nen ouyt. Et ne demoura gueres q{ue} la dame dist celle parolle\n mesmes; la royne lapella et dist. \u201cDame, pourquoy auez ce dit?\u201d\n \u201cDame,\u201d fait elle, \u201cpardonnez moi, ie nen diray ores plus | car par\n aduenture en ay plus dit que a moy napartient | & le{n} ne se doit\n mi faire plus priuee de sa dame que len est | car tost en acquiert\n on hayne.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cNo,\u201d says Guinevere, \u201cspeak boldly out; I wish it.\u201d]\n\n \u201cSi maist dieu,\u201d fait la royne, \u201cvous ne me po{ur}riez rie{n}s dire\n do{n}t vous eussiez ma haine | ie vous tiens tant a saige et a\n courtoyse, que vous ne diriez riens qui fust encontre ma voulente |\n Mais dictes hardyment | Car ie le vueil, et si vous en prie.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cThen I must say that I think four very good company. I\u00a0saw\nthe new acquaintance you made to-day, and know he is the man who loves\nyou most in the world.]\n\n \u201cDame,\u201d fait elle, \u201cdonc le vous diray ie | Je dy que moult est\n bonne la compaignie de quatre; Jay huy veu nouueau accointement\n q{ue} vous auez faict au cheuallier qui parla a vous la bas en ce\n vergier. Et scay bien que cest la personne du mo{n}de qui plus vous\n ayme, et vous ne auez pas tort se vous laymez | car vous ne pourriez\n vostre amour mieulx employer;\u201d \u201cComment,\u201d fait la royne, \u201cle\n congnoissez vous?\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: I kept him a year and a half in prison, and gave him both the\nred and the black arms in which he won the tourneys;]\n\n \u201cDame,\u201d fait elle, \u201ctelle heure a este ouen que ie vous en eusse\n bien peu faire refus comme vous en pouez ores faire a moy | car ie\n lay tenu vng an et demy en prison. Cest celluy qui vaincquit\n lassemblee aux armes vermeilles | & celle de deuant hier aux armes\n noires, les vnes & les autres luy baillay ie; Et quant il fut auant\n hier sur la riuiere pensif, et ie luy voulu mander q{ue} il fist\n vaillamment armes, ie ne le faisoye sinon pour ce que ie esperoye\n quil vous aymast; si cuydoye telle heure fust que il me aymast |\n\n[Sidenote: and I thought then that he loved me, but he soon undeceived\nme.\u201d]\n\n Mais il me mist tost hors de cuyder, tant me descouurit de son\n penser.\u201d Lors luy compta co{m}ment elle lauoyt tenu en prison an et\n demy | et pourquoy elle lauoit prins.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen answers, \u201cBut tell me why four are better company\nthan three.\u201d]\n\n \u201cOr me dictes,\u201d fait la royne, \u201cquelle compaignie vault mieulx de\n quatre que de troys | car mieulx est vne chose celee par trois que\n par quatre.\u201d \u201cCertes non est cy endroit, et si vo{us} diray.\n\n[Sidenote: \u201cBecause, though your knight loves you, he loves Galiot too,\nand they will not stay here long, but you will; and if you have no one\nelse to tell your thought to, you will be forced to keep your faith to\nyourself; but if you will let me be a fourth, we can comfort one\nanother.\u201d]\n\n Vray est que le cheualier vous ayme, et aussi fait il gallehault, et\n desormais se confortero{n}t lung lautre en quelque terre quilz\n soient. Car icy ne sero{n}t ilz pas longuement: et vous demourerez\n cy toute seule, et ne le scaura nul fors vous | ne si ne aurez a qui\n descouurir vostre pensee, si porterez ainsi vostre faix toute seulle\n | mais sil vo{us} pleust que ie fusse la quarte en la compaignie\n entre nous deux dames, nous solacierons ainsi co{m}me entre eulx\n deux cheualiers feront, si en seriez plus aise.\u201d \u201cScauez vous,\u201d fait\n la royne, \u201cqui est le cheuallier?\u201d \u201cSe maist dieu,\u201d fait la dame,\n \u201cnen{n}y.\u201d \u201cVous auez bien ouy co{m}ment il se couurit vers moy.\u201d\n\n[Sidenote: Queen Guinevere agrees to this with great joy, and tells the\nLady that the knight is Lancelot of the Lake.]\n\n \u201cCertes,\u201d faict la royne, \u201cmoult estes apparceuante, et moult\n conuiendroit estre sage qui vous vouldroit rien embler, & puis que\n ainsi est que vous lauez aperceu, et que vous me requerez la\n compagnie, vous laurez | mais ie vueil que vous portez vostre faix\n ainsi co{m}me ie feray le mie{n}.\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d faict elle, \u201cie feray ce\n que il vous plaira, pour ci haulte compaignie auoir.\u201d \u201cEn verite,\u201d\n faict la royne, \u201cvous laurez | car meilleure compaignie que vous ne\n pourroye ie mye auoir,\u201d \u201cDame,\u201d fait elle, \u201cnous serons ensemble\n toutes les heures quil vous plaira.\u201d \u201cJen suys ioyeuse,\u201d faict la\n Royne. \u201cEt no{us} affermerons demain la compaignie de nous quattre.\u201d\n Lors luy compte de Lancelot, comment il auoyt ploure quant il\n regarda deuers elle, \u201cet ie scay que il vous congneut, et saichez\n que cest lancelot du lac, le meilleur cheuallier qui viue.\u201d Ainsi\n parlerent longuement entre elles deux | et font moult grant ioye de\n le{ur} accointement nouueau.\n\n[Sidenote: At night the ladies sleep together, and talk of their new\nloves, the Lady of Mallehault saying that she never loved but one, and\nthen only in thought (and that was Lancelot).]\n\n Icelle nuyct ne souffrit oncques la Royne de logres que la dame de\n mallehault geust sinon auec elle | mais elle y geut a force. Car\n elle doubtoyt moult de gesir auec si riche dame; Quant elles furent\n couchees si commencerent a parler de leurs nouuelles amours; La\n royne demanda a la dame de mallehault selle a[y]me nulluy par\n amours, et elle luy dict que nenny. \u201cSaichez, dame, que ie naymay\n oncques que vne foys, ne de celle amour ne fis ie que penser;\u201d et ce\n dit elle de lancelot, quelle auoit tant ayme co{m}me femme pourroit\n aymer homme mortel | Mais elle nen auoit oncques aultre ioye eue,\n non pourtant ne dit pas que ce eust il este.\n\n[Sidenote: The Queen thinks she will make the Lady and Galiot fall in\nlove with one another.]\n\n La royne pensa quelle feroyt ses amours de elle et de gallehault,\n mais elle nen veult parler iusques a ta{n}t quelle scaura de\n gallehault sil la veult aymer ou non | car autrement ne len\n requerroit elle pas.\n\n[Sidenote: Next morning they go to Arthur\u2019s tent and wake him, and then\nreturn over the meadows where the meeting with Lancelot took place, and\nthe Queen tells the Lady of Mallehault all about it, and then praises\nGaliot as the wisest and best man in the world.]\n\n Lendemain se leuerent matin elles deux, & allerent au tref du roy,\n qui gisoit la pour faire a monseigneur gauuain et aux aultres\n cheualiers compaignie. La royne sesueilla, & dist, \u201cque moult estoyt\n mauluais qui a ceste heure dormoyt.\u201d Lors se tournerent contreual\n les prez, et dames et damoyselles auec elles. Et ils allerent la ou\n laccointement damours auoyt este faict, et dict la Royne a la dame\n de mallehault toute laccointance de lancelot | et comme il estoit\n esbahy deuant elle, et riens ne luy laissa a dire. Puis commenca a\n louer gallehault, et dit que cestoit le plus saige homme et le plus\n vertueulx du monde; \u201cCertes,\u201d fait elle, \u201cie luy compteray\n lacointance de nous deux quant il viendra, et sachez que il en aura\n gra{n}t ioye. Or allo{n}s | car il ne demourra gueres quil ne\n viengne.\u201d\n\n\nThe rubric of the next chapter is as follows:\n\n[Sidenote: How Galiot became acquainted with the Lady of Melyhalt.]\n\n \u00b6 Co{m}me{n}t la premiere acointa{n}ce fut faicte de gallehault et\n de la dame de malehault p{ar} le moye{n} de la royne de logres. Et\n comme{n}t lancelot & gallehault sen alloie{n}t esbatre et deuiser\n auec leurs dames.\n\nIt relates how Queen Guinevere requires Galiot to let her dispose of his\nlove as he had disposed of hers. To this he consents, and she commends\nhim to the Lady of Mallehault. Next, they arrange for the promised\n_parlement de eulx quatre_; and the queen points out to Lancelot the\nlady who had so many a day kept him in prison, i.e., the Lady of\nMallehault. At recognizing his old acquaintance, Lancelot feels somewhat\ndistressed, but is reassured by observing the new love-making between\nher and Galiot. Seated in a wood, the four \u201cdemourerent grant piece, ne\noncq{ue}s ne tindrent parolles, fors tant seullement de accoller & de\nbaiser comme ceulx qui voulentiers le faisoyent.\u201d\n\nWe next hear of Gawain\u2019s recovery, and of the separation of the party of\nfour above spoken of. Galiot takes Lancelot home with him to his own\ncountry, whilst the Lady of Mallehault remains for a time with the queen\nand Arthur. When Lancelot is next spoken of, he is in Galiot\u2019s country,\nwhere we will now leave him.\n\n\n\n\nNOTES TO THE APPENDIX.\n\n\n P. xxiii. _Descosse_ = _d\u2019\u00c9cosse_, of Scotland. In Old French, words\n are frequently run together; thus we have _labbaye_ for _l\u2019abbaye_,\n _sesmeurent_ for _s\u2019\u00e9meurent_, etc. Also the letter _s_ is often\n replaced in modern French by an acute or circumflex accent; so that\n _Escosse_ = _\u00cacosse_; _chasteau_ = _ch\u00e2teau_, etc.\n The word _si_ often occurs below with a great variety of meanings,\n _viz._ I, he; and, also; so, thus; etc.\n\n P. xxiv. _baille_, given, entrusted.\n _brouyr_ (_br\u00fbler_), being burnt.\n _monstier_, monastery.\n _gauues_, so in the original throughout; _gaunes_ is used in other\n romances.\n\n P. xxv. _auecques_ = _avec_, with.\n\n P. xxvi. _aduision_, vision.\n _behourdys_, tournament.\n _naure_, wounded.\n _deffera_ = _desferra_, un-ironed; it means that Lancelot drew the\n weapons out of the knight\u2019s wounds.\n _deuers_, \u201cPr\u00e9position relative au temps et au lieu dont on parle;\n pr\u00e8s, vers, contre, proche; de _versus_.\u201d Roquefort.\n _octroya_, permitted (authorized).\n _mouille_, _lit._ wetted; insulted.\n\n P. xxvii. _veirent_, saw.\n _escript_ (_\u00e9crit_), written.\n _lassemblee_, the gathering; _i.e._ the war, strife.\n _rua_, overthrew.\n\n P. xxviii. _mire_, physician.\n _gue_, ford, pass.\n _tresues_, a\u00a0truce; spelt _treues_ on p.\u00a0xxix.\n\n P. xxix. _esbatre_, to divert oneself. In modern French, _s\u2019\u00e9battre_.\n\n P. xxx. _orrions_, shall hear.\n _deust_ = _d\u00fbt_.\n _cheoient_, from _cheoir_, to fall. Compare _ch\u00fbte_.\n _poilz_, hairs.\n _esbahy_, amazed.\n _ortelz_, toes.\n _chaille_; from _chaloir_, to be anxious about.\n _dilacion_, delay.\n\n P. xxxi. _paour_, fear.\n _mire_, physician.\n _veufue_, old.\n\n P. xxxii. _cheuauche_, rides.\n _boutte_, buts, pushes.\n _iecte_ (_jet\u00e9_), cast.\n _cuyde_, I\u00a0believe.\n _Si maist dieu_, so God aid me. Here _maist_ is put for _m\u2019aist_.\n _oncques_, ever.\n _ennuyt_, this night, to-night.\n _lottroyera_, will grant him his request.\n _conroy_, troops.\n\n P. xxxiii. _derrains_ (_derniers_), last.\n _busines_, trumpets.\n _Or y perra_, now it will appear.\n _cuidoit_, believed; from the old verb _quider_.\n _cheuauchent_, ride.\n _ia_, already.\n _tertre_, a\u00a0small hill.\n\n P. xxxiv. _adresse_, a cross-path.\n _huy_, just before; _lit._ this day. Lat. _hodi\u00e8_.\n _se pasme_, swoons.\n _leans_, thither.\n\n P. xxxv. _ores_, now.\n _huy_, to-day.\n _preudhomme_, a wise and prudent man.\n _lottroye_, permits him.\n _tref_, tent.\n _nenny_, no!\n _ains_, before.\n _guerpiront_, will leave.\n _deduys_, amusements, diversions.\n\n P. xxxvi. _leans_, there.\n _gerrez_, will lie.\n _las_, tired.\n _Ains_, but.\n\n P. xxxvii. _semondray_, shall ask.\n _esbahy_, amazed.\n _tollez_, take away.\n _creanca_, promised.\n _lees_, wide, full.\n _lices_, lists.\n\n P. xxxviii. _emmy le pas_, in the midst of the passage.\n _hucher_, to cry aloud.\n\n P. xxxix. _lieue_, lifts.\n _saisine_, disposal.\n _enseignes_, tokens.\n _aincoys_, first of all.\n\n P. xl. _oncques mes_, never.\n _a resiouyr_ (_r\u00e9jouir_), in amusing.\n _escondiroye_, will refuse.\n _me poyse_, it troubles me.\n _pieca_, long ago.\n _se embronche_, covers his face.\n\n P. xli. _sen esueillerent_, awoke thereat.\n _Adonc_, then.\n _riens forfait_, anyway injured.\n\n P. xlii. _ne me mescreez mye que_, do not doubt me more than.\n\n P. xliii. _doint_, gives, were to give.\n\n P. xliv. _mesgnie_, properly the _suite_ or household of a prince; see\n Roquefort s.v. _magnie_ and _maignee_.\n _nef_, a\u00a0boat.\n _loue_, advise.\n\n P. xlv. _vous esmayez_, afflict yourself.\n _courrouce_, wroth, displeased.\n\n P. xlvi. _vergier_, orchard.\n _aual_, below.\n _se embroncha_, she veiled herself, or, hid herself.\n _iouxte_, beside.\n\n P. xlvii. _maintes_, many.\n _ot_, heard.\n _len prise mieulx_, esteemed it better.\n _loe_, praises.\n _deffera_, dis-ironed, drew the weapons out of.\n _lestrief_, the stirrup.\n\n P. xlviii. _leans_ (_la d\u00e9dans_), there.\n _belif_. We find in Cotgrave\u2019s French Dictionary, \u201c_Belic_, a\u00a0kind\n of red or geueles, in Blazon.\u201d\n _enseignes_, tokens, message.\n\n P. xlix. _mestier_, serviceable.\n _dillec_, thence.\n _pourneant_, for nothing, in vain.\n _voire_, truly.\n _commanday a dieu_, commended to God, bade farewell.\n\n P. li. _mestier en est_, there is need of it.\n _greigneur bien_, exceedingly well, very highly.\n\n P. lii. _greigneure_, greater.\n _anuytoit_, became night.\n _ie me doibz pener_, I\u00a0ought to take pains.\n\n P. liii. _ouen_, this year.\n\n\n\n\n The Romans\n of\n Lancelot of the Laik.\n\n\n[PROLOGUE.]\n\n [Sidenote: In April, when the fresh luminary upriseth,]\n ++THe \u017foft morow ande The lu\u017ftee Aperill, [Fol. 1.]\n The wynt{er} set, the stormys in exill,\n Quhen that the bry{ch}t {and} fre\u017fch illumynare\n Upri\u017fith arly in his fyre chare 4\n His hot cour\u00df in to the orient,\n [Sidenote: and sendeth from his sphere his golden streams,]\n And frome h{is} \u017fpere his goldine \u017ftremis sent\n Wpone the grond, in man{er} off me\u017fag,\n One eu{er}y thing to valkyne thar curage, 8\n That natur haith set wnd{er} hire mycht,\n Boith gyr\u00df, and flour, {and} eu{er}y lu\u017fty vicht:\n And namly thame that felith the a\u017f\u017fay\n Of lufe, to \u017fchew the kalendis of may, 12\n Throw birdis \u017fonge w{i}t{h} opine wox one hy,\n That \u017fe\u017f\u017fit not one lufar{is} for to cry,\n Le\u017ft thai for\u021dhet, throw \u017flewth of Ignorans,\n The old w\u017fage of lowis ob\u017f{er}uans. 16\n\n[Headnote: THE POET BEWAILS HIS LOT.]\n\n [Sidenote: and when I espy his bright face,]\n And from\u0305e I can the bricht face a\u017f\u017fpy,\n It deuit me no langare fore to ly,\n Nore that loue schuld \u017fleuth In to me finde,\n [Sidenote: I walk forth, bewailing my sad life.]\n Bot walkine furth, bewalinge in my mynde 20\n the dredful lyve endurit al to longe,\n Sufferans in loue of \u017forouful harmys \u017ftronge,\n The \u017fcharpe dais and the hewy \u021derys,\n Quhill phebus thris haith pa\u017f\u017fith al h{is} \u017fperis, 24\n Vithoutine hope ore trai\u017ftinge of comfort;\n So be such meine fatit was my sort.\n Thus in my \u017faull Rolinge al my wo,\n [Sidenote: The sword of love carves my heart.]\n My carful hart carwing ca\u00f1 In two 28\n The derdful \u017fuerd of lowis hot di\u017f\u017fire;\n So be the morow set I was a-fyre\n In felinge of the acce\u00df hot {and} colde,\n That haith my hart in \u017fich a fevir holde, 32\n Only to me thare was no\u00f1e vthir e\u00df\n Bot thinkine qhow I \u017fchulde my lady ple\u00df.\n The \u017fcharp a\u017f\u017fay and ek the Inwart peine\n Of dowblit wo me neulyng{is} ca\u00f1 con\u017ftrein, 36\n Quhen that I have remembrit one my tho{ch}t\n [Sidenote: My lady knoweth not how I am wobegone.]\n How sche, quhois bewte al my harm\u0305 haith wrocht,\n Ne knouith not how I ame wo bego\u00f1e, [Fol. 1b.]\n Nor how that I ame of hire \u017f{er}uand{is} o\u00f1e; 40\n And in my \u017felf I ca\u00f1 nocht fynde the meyne\n In to quhat wy\u00df I \u017fal my wo compleine.\n [Sidenote: I walked thus in the field, and came to a well-beseen\n garden.]\n Thus in the feild I walkith to {and} froo,\n As tho{ch}tful wicht that felt of no{ch}t bot woo, 44\n Syne to o gardinge, that we\u00df weil be\u017fe\u00f1,\n Of quiche the feild was al depaynt w{i}t{h} gre\u00f1.\n The tendyre and the lu\u017fty flour{is} new\n Up thr\u014due the gre\u00f1 vpone thar \u017ftalk{is} grew 48\n A\u021dhane the \u017fone, and thare levis \u017fpred,\n Quharw{i}t{h} that al the gardinge was I-clede;\n That pryapus, in to his tyme before,\n In o lu\u017ftear walkith nevir more; 52\n [Sidenote: It was closely environed with leaves.]\n And al about enweronyt and Iclo\u017fit\n One \u017fich o wy\u00df, that none w{i}t{h}in \u017fuppo\u017fit\n Fore to be \u017fe\u00f1 w{i}t{h} ony vicht thare owt;\n So dide the levis clo\u017f it[T1] all about. 56\n Thar was the flour, thar was the que\u00f1 alphe\u017ft,[T2]\n Ry{ch}t wering being of the ny{ch}t{is} re\u017ft,\n Wnclo\u017fi{n}g ga\u00f1e the crownel for the day;\n [Sidenote: The sun illumined the sprays;]\n The bry{ch}t \u017fone illumynit haith the \u017fpray, 60\n The ny{ch}t{is} \u017fobir ande the mo\u017ft \u017fchowr{is},\n As cri\u017ftoll terys w{i}t{h}hong vpone the flour{is},\n Haith vpwarpith In the lu\u017fty aire,\n The morow makith soft, ameyne, and faire; 64\n [Sidenote: the birds sang till the woods resounded;]\n And the byrd{is} thar my{ch}ty voce out-throng,\n Quhill al the wood re\u017fonite of thar \u017fonge,\n That gret confort till ony vicht It wer\n That ple\u017f\u017fith thame of lu\u017ftenes to here. 68\n Bot gladne\u00df til the tho{ch}tful, eu{er} mo\n The more he \u017feith, the more he haith of wo.\n [Sidenote: the garden was adorned with flowers.]\n\n [Footnote T1: MS. \u201cclo\u017fit.\u201d]\n [Footnote T2: May we read \u201calcest\u201d?]\n\n[Headnote: HE SEES A VISION OF A GREEN BIRD.]\n\n Thar was the garding w{i}t{h} the flour{is} ourfret,\n Quich is in po\u017fy fore my lady set, 72\n That hire Repre\u017fent to me oft befor,\n {And} thane al\u017fo; thus al day gan be \u017for[T3]\n Of tho{ch}t my go\u017ft w{i}t{h} torment occupy, 75\n That I becam\u0305e In to one exa\u017fy, [Fol. 2.]\n Ore \u017flep, or how I wot; bot \u017fo befell\n My wo haith done my livis go\u017ft expell,\n And in \u017fich wi\u00df weil long I can endwr,\n So me betid o wondir aventur. 80\n [Sidenote: I fell there into an ecstasy or sleep,\n and saw in my dream a green bird, who said:]\n As I thus lay, Ry{ch}t to my \u017fpreit vas \u017fe\u00f1\n A birde, yat was as ony lawrare gre\u00f1,\n A-licht, and \u017fayth in to hir bird{is} chere;\n\n [Footnote T3: MS. \u201cbe\u017for.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: THE BIRD\u2019S MESSAGE.]\n\n \u201cO woful wrech, that levis in to were! 84\n To \u017fchew the thus the god of loue me \u017fent,\n That of thi \u017f{er}uice no thing is content,\n [Sidenote: \u201cThe God of Love is discontent with thee.]\n For in his court yhoue lewith i{n} di\u017f\u017fpar,\n And vilfully su\u017ftenis al thi care, 88\n And \u017fchapith no thinge of thine awn remede,\n Bot clepith ay and cryith apone dede.\n Yhow callith the bird{is} be morow fro thar bour{is},\n Yhoue devith boith the erbis and the flour{is}, 92\n And clepit hyme vnfaithful king of lowe,\n Yow dewith hyme in to h{is} rigne abufe,\n Yhow tempith hyme, yhoue doith thi \u017felf no gud,\n Yhoue are o mo\u00f1 of wit al de\u017ftitude. 96\n [Sidenote: You are destitute of wit.]\n Wot yhoue no{ch}t that al liwis creatwre\n Haith of thi wo i{n} to h{is} hand the cwre?\n [Sidenote: Though you call on trees, your lady hears not.]\n And \u017fet yhoue clep one erbis and one treis,\n Sche her{is} not thi wo, nore \u021dhit \u017fche \u017feis; 100\n For none may know the dirkne\u00df of thi tho{ch}t,\n Ne blamyth h{er} thi wo \u017fche knowith no{ch}t.\n And It is weil accordinge It be so\n He \u017fuffir harme, that to redre\u00df h{is} wo 104\n Previdith not; for long ore he be \u017fonde,\n Holl of his leich, that \u017fchewith not h{is} vound.\n [Sidenote: Ovid says it is better to shew, than to conceal love.]\n And of owid ye autor \u017fchall yhow knaw\n Of lufe that \u017feith, for to con\u017fel or \u017fchow, 108\n The la\u017ft he clepith althir-be\u017ft of two;\n And that is \u017futh, and \u017fal be eu{er} mo.\n And loue al\u017fo haith chargit me to \u017fay, 111\n Set yhoue pre\u017fume, ore beleif, ye a\u017f\u017fay [Fol. 2b.]\n Of his \u017f{er}uice, as It wil ryne ore go,\n Pre\u017fwme It not, fore It wil not be so;\n Al magre thine a \u017f{er}uand \u017fchal yow bee.\n [Sidenote: As touching thine adversity, seek the remedy.\u201d]\n And as tueching thine adu{er}\u017fytee, 116\n Complen and sek of the ramed, the cwre,\n Ore, gif yhow likith, furth thi wo endure.\u201d\n And, as me tho{ch}t, I an\u017fuerde a\u021dai\u00f1e\n [Sidenote: Then answered I:]\n Thus to the byrde, in word{is} \u017fchort and plane: 120\n \u201cIt ganyth not, as I have harde Recorde,\n The \u017f{er}uand for to di\u017fput w{i}t{h} ye lord;\n [Sidenote: \u201cLove knows the reason of my wo.\u201d]\n Bot well he knowith of al my vo the quhy,\n And in quhat wy\u00df he hath me \u017fet, quhar I 124\n Nore may I not, nore can I not attane,\n Nore to hir hienes dare I not complane.\u201d\n [Sidenote: \u201cFool,\u201d said the bird, \u201cdespair not;]\n \u201cFul!\u201d q{uo}d the bird, \u201clat be thi ny\u00df di\u017fpare,\n For in this erith no lady is \u017fo fare, 128\n So hie e\u017ftat, nore of \u017fo gret empri\u00df,\n That in hire \u017felf haith vi\u017fdome ore gentrice,\n Yf that o wicht, that worthy is to be\n Of lovis court, \u017fchew til hir that he 132\n Seruith hire in lovis hartly wy\u00df,\n That \u017fchall thar for hyme hating or di\u017fpi\u00df.\n\n[Headnote: SHE BIDS HIM WRITE A POEM.]\n\n [Sidenote: the God of Love charges thee to speak out your love, or\n else to write thy plaint;]\n The god of love thus chargit the, at \u017fchort,\n That to thi lady yhoue thi wo Report; 136\n Yf yhoue may not, thi plant \u017fchall yhov vrit.\n Se, as yhoue cane, be man{er} oft endit\n In metir, quhich that no ma{n} haith \u017fu\u017f\u017fpek,\n Set oft tyme thai contenyng gret effecc; 140\n Thus one \u017fume wy\u00df yhow \u017fchal thi wo dwclar.\n And, for thir \u017fedulis and thir billis are\n So gen{er}all, and ek \u017fo \u017fchort at lyte,\n And \u017fwme of thai{m} is lo\u017ft the appetit, 144\n [Sidenote: write, then, some treatise for her to read;]\n Sum trety \u017fchall yhoue for yi lady \u017fak,\n That wnkouth is, als tak one hand and mak,\n Of love, ore armys, or of \u017fu{m} othir thing,\n That may hir one to thi Reme{m}bry{n}g brynge; 148\n Qwich \u017foundith Not one to no hewynes, [Fol. 3.]\n Bot one to gladne\u00df and to lu\u017ftene\u00df,\n [Sidenote: one that may please her and get her thanks.]\n That yhoue belevis may thi lady ple\u00df,\n To have hir thonk and be one to hir e\u00df; 152\n That \u017fche may wit in \u017f{er}uice yhow art one.\n [Sidenote: Farewell, and be merry.\u201d]\n Faire weil,\u201d q{uo}d \u017fche, \u201cthus \u017fchal yhow the di\u017fpone,\n And mak thi \u017felf als mery as yhoue may,\n It helpith not thus fore to wex al way.\u201d 156\n W{i}t{h} that, the bird \u017fche haith hir leif tak,\n [Sidenote: Thereon I awoke, and wondered what it might mean.]\n For fere of quich I can onone to wak;\n Sche was ago, and to my \u017felf tho{ch}t I\n Quhat may yis meyne? quhat may this \u017fig{n}ify? 160\n Is It of troucht, or of Illu\u017fioune?\n\n[Headnote: HE RESOLVES TO DO SO.]\n\n Bot finaly, as in conclu\u017fioune,\n Be as be may, I \u017fchal me not discharge,\n Sen It apperith be of lovis charg; 164\n And ek myne hart no\u00f1e othir bi\u017f\u017fynes\n Haith bot my ladice \u017f{er}uice, as I ge\u00df;\n [Sidenote: I determined to take in hand this occupation.]\n Among al vther{is} I \u017fchal one honde tak\n This litil occupatioune for hire \u017fak. 168\n Bot hyme I pray, the my{ch}ty gode of loue,\n That \u017fitith hie in to his \u017fpir abuf,\n (At {com}mand of o wy\u00df quhois vi\u017fioune\n My go\u017ft haith takin this opvnioune,) 172\n That my lawboure may to my lady ple\u00df\n And do wnto hir lade\u017fchip \u017fu{m} e\u00df,\n So that my t{ra}uell be no{ch}t tynt, and I\n Quhat vther{is} \u017fay \u017fetith nothing by. 176\n [Sidenote: I know it will but hurt my name, when men hear my feeble\n negligence.]\n For wel I know that, be this world{is} fam\u0305e.\n It \u017fchal not be bot hurting to my nam\u0305e,\n Quhen that thai here my febil negligens,\n That empit is, and bare of eloquens, 180\n Of di\u017fcre\u017f\u017fiou{n}e, and ek of Retoryk;\n The metire and the cu{n}ing both elyk\n So fere di\u017fcording frome p{er}fecciou{n}e;\n [Sidenote: I submit my poem to the correction of the wise;]\n Q{uhil}k I \u017fubmyt to the correcciou{n}e 184\n Of yai{m} the quhich that is di\u017fcret {and} wy\u00df,\n And ent{er}it is of loue in the \u017f{er}uice;\n Quhich knouyth that no lovare dare w{i}t{h}\u017ftonde, [Fol. 3b.]\n Quhat loue hyme chargit he mot tak one honde, 188\n Deith, or defam\u0305, or ony man{er} wo;\n And at this tyme w{i}t{h} me It \u017ftant ry{ch}t \u017fo,\n [Sidenote: for I dare not oppose Love\u2019s command.]\n As I that dar makine no demande\n To quhat I wot It lykith loue co{m}mande. 192\n Tueching his charg{is}, as w{i}t{h} al de\u017ftitut,\n W{i}t{h}in my mynd \u017fchortly I conclud\n For to fulfyll, for ned I mot do \u017fo.\n\n[Headnote: HE THINKS OF THE STORY OF LANCELOT.]\n\n [Sidenote: At last I thought of the story of \u201cLancelot of the\n Lake,\u201d]\n\n Thane in my tho{ch}t rolling to and fro 196\n Quhare that I my{hc}t \u017fu{m} wnkouth mat{er} fynde,\n Quhill at ye la\u017ft it fell in to my mynd\n Of o \u017ftory, that I befor had \u017fene,\n That boith of loue and armys can conte\u00f1, 200\n Was of o kny{ch}t clepit lancelot of ye laik,\n The \u017fone of bane was, king of albanak;\n Of quhois fame {and} wor\u017fchipful dedis\n Clerk{is} in to diu{er}\u00df buk{is} red{is}, 204\n [Sidenote: of whom I here think to write something.]\n Of quhome I thynk her \u017fu{m} thing for to writ\n At louis charge, and as I cane, endit;\n Set me{n} tharin \u017fal by exp{er}iens\n Know my con\u017fait, and al my negligens. 208\n [Sidenote: But because my ignorance cannot comprehend the French\n romance,]\n Bot for that \u017ftory is \u017fo pa\u017fing larg,\n One to my wit It war \u017fo gret o charg\n For to tran\u017flait the romans of that kny{ch}t;\n It pa\u017f\u017fith fare my cu{n}yng and my mycht, 212\n Myne Ignorans may It not comp{re}hende;\n\n[Headnote: HE BRIEFLY ENUMERATES / LANCELOT\u2019S EARLY DEEDS.]\n\n [Sidenote: I shall not tell how he was born;]\n Quharfor thare one I wil me not depend\n How he was borne, nor how his fad{er} deid\n And ek his mod{er}, nore how he was denyed 216\n Eft{er} thare deth, p{re}\u017fumyng he was ded,\n [Sidenote: nor how he was nourished by the Lady of the Lake;]\n Of al ye lond, nore how he fra that \u017ftede\n In sacret wy\u00df wnwy\u017ft away was tak,\n And nwri\u017ft w{i}t{h} ye lady of ye lak. 220\n [Sidenote: nor how he was brought to Arthur\u2019s court,]\n Nor, in his \u021douth, think I not to tell\n The aue{n}tour{is}, quhich to hyme befell;\n Nor how the lady of the laik hyme had\n One to the court, quhare that he kny{ch}t was mad; 224\n None wi\u017ft his nome, nore how that he was tak [Fol. 4.]\n By loue, and was Iwondit to the \u017ftak,\n [Sidenote: and pierced to the heart by the beauty of Wanore\n (Guinevere),]\n And throuch {and} throuch per\u017fit to ye hart,\n That al his tyme he cout{h} It not a\u017ftart; 228\n For thare of loue he ent{er}it in \u017f{er}uice,\n Of wanore throuch the beute and franchis,\n [Sidenote: for whose service he wrought many wonders;]\n Throuch quhois \u017f{er}uice in armys he has vro{ch}t\n Mony wond{er}is, and p{er}ell{is} he has socht. 232\n Nor how he thor, in to his \u021doung curage,\n [Sidenote: nor how he made a vow to revenge a wounded knight,]\n Hath maid awoue, and in to louis rage,\n In the rewenging of o wondit kny{ch}t\n That cu{m}yne was in to the court that ny{ch}t; 236\n [Sidenote: who had a broken sword in his head, and a truncheon of\n a broken spear in his body;]\n In to his hed a brokin[T4] \u017fuerd had he,\n And in his body al\u017fo my{ch}t me{n} see\n The tron\u017fione of o brokine \u017fper that was,\n Quhich no ma{n} out dedenyt to aras; 240\n Nor how he haith the wapnis out tak,\n And his awow apone this wis can mak,\n That he \u017fchuld hyme Reweng at h{is} poware\n One eu{er}y kny{ch}t that louith the hurtare 244\n Bett{er} thane hyme, the quhich that vas Iwond.\n Throw quich awoue in armys hath ben founde\n [Sidenote: a vow which caused the death of many a wight warrior;]\n The deth of mo{n}y wereoure ful wicht;[T5]\n\n [Footnote T4: MS. \u201cabrokin.\u201d]\n [Footnote T5: The MS. wrongly transposes ll. 247 and 248.]\n\n For, fro tho wow was knowing of the kny{ch}t, 248\n Thare was ful mony o pa\u017fage in the londe\n By me{n} of armys kepit to with\u017ftond\n This kny{ch}t, of quhome thai ben al set afyre\n Thai{m} to reweng in armys of de\u017fir. 252\n [Sidenote: or how he and Sir Kay were sent to defend the lady of\n Nohalt;]\n Nor how that thane in{con}tyne{n}t was \u017fend\n He and \u017f{ir} kay togidd{er} to defend\n The lady of nohalt, nor how that hee\n Gou{er}nit hyme thare, nore in quhat degre. 256\n Nor how the gret pa\u017fing va\u017f\u017folag\n He e\u017fcheuit, thr\u014due the outragou\u00df curag,\n [Sidenote: or how he conquered the Sorrowful Castle;]\n In conquiryng of the sorowful ca\u017ftell.\n Nor how he pa\u017f\u017fith dou{n}e in the cauis fell, 260\n And furth ye keys of Inchantme{n}t bro{ch}t,\n That al di\u017ftroyt quhich that thare vas vro{ch}t.\n [Sidenote: or how he rescued Sir Gawane and his nine fellows;]\n Nore howe that he re\u017fkewit \u017f{ir} gawane, [Fol. 4b.]\n W{i}t{h} h{is} ix falou\u00df in to pre\u017fone tane; 264\n Nore mony vthere diu{er}\u00df aduenture,\n Quhich to report I tak not in my cwre,\n [Sidenote: nor of the many \u201cassemblies\u201d Gawane held to find out\n his name;]\n Nor mony a\u017f\u017femblay that gawane gart be maid\n To wit h{is} name; nor how that he hyme hade 268\n Wnwi\u017ft, and hath the wor\u017fchip {and} empri\u00df;\n Nor of the kny{ch}t{is} in to mony[T6] diu{er}\u00df wy\u00df\n Throuch his awoue that hath thare dethis found;\n\n [Footnote T6: We should perhaps omit \u201cmony.\u201d]\n\n [Sidenote: nor of his suffering caused by love\u2019s wound;]\n Nor of the \u017fufferans that by louis wounde 272\n He in his trawel \u017fufferith au{er} more;\n Nor in the quenis p{rese}ns how tharfor\n [Sidenote: nor how he was nearly drowned at Camelot;]\n By camelot, in to that gret Revare,\n He was ner dround. I wil It not declare 276\n How that he was in louis hewy tho{ch}t\n [Sidenote: nor how he was brought to court by Dagenet;]\n By dagenet in to the court I-bro{ch}t;\n Nor how the kny{ch}t that tyme he cane p{er}\u017few,\n [Sidenote: nor of the giants he slew at Camelot;]\n Nor of the gyant{is} by camelot he \u017flew; 280\n Nor wil I not her tell the man{er} how\n He \u017flew o kny{ch}t, by nat{ur} of his wow,\n [Sidenote: nor how he slew a knight of Melyholt;]\n Off melyholt; nore how in to that toune\n Thar came one hyme o gret confu\u017fione 284\n Of pupil {and} [of] kny{ch}t{is}, al enarmyt,\n [Sidenote: and there defended himself against a crowd;]\n Nor how he thar haith kepit hyme wnharmyt;\n Nor of his wor\u017fchip, nor of h{is} gret prowes,\n Nor his defens of armys in the pres. 288\n [Sidenote: whereupon the lady of Melyhalt prayed him to yield his\n sword to her; and kept him in her power.]\n Nor how the lady of melyhalt y{a}t \u017fche\n Came to the feild, and pray[i]th hyme that he\n As to o lady to hir[T7] his \u017fuerd hath \u021dold,\n Nor how he was in to hir keping hold; 292\n\n [Footnote T7: MS. \u201chis.\u201d]\n\n And mony vthir nobil deid al\u017fo\n I wil report quharfor I lat ourgo.\n [Sidenote: Whoever likes, might make of these things a long story.]\n For quho thai{m} lykith for to \u017fpecyfy,\n Of one of thai{m} my{ch}t mak o gret \u017ftory; 296\n Nor thing I not of his hye ren\u014dwn\n My febil wit to makin men\u017fioune;\n [Sidenote: But I think to tell of the wars between Arthur and\n Galiot;]\n Bot of the wer{is} that was \u017fcharp {and} \u017ftrong,\n Richt p{er}ellou\u00df, and hath enduryt long, 300\n Of Arthur In defending of his lond [Fol. 5.]\n Frome galiot, \u017fone of the fair gyonde,\n That bro{ch}t of kny{ch}t{is} o pa\u017fing confluens;\n [Sidenote: wherein Lancelot won renown by his defence of Arthur;]\n And how lancelot of arthur{is} hol defens 304\n And of the ver{is} berith the renow\u00f1;\n And how he be the wais of fortou{n}e\n [Sidenote: and at last made peace between the two princes.]\n Tuex the two princ{is} makith the accorde,\n Of al there mortall wer{is} to concorde; 308\n [Sidenote: I shall also tell how Venus rewarded him.]\n And how that venus, \u017fiting hie abuf,\n Reuardith hyme of trauell in to loue,\n And makith hyme his ladice grace to have,\n And thankfully his \u017f{er}uice cane re\u017fave; 312\n This is the mat{er} quhich I think to tell.\n Bot \u017ftil he mot ry{ch}t w{i}t{h} the lady duell,\n Quhill tyme cu{m} eft that we \u017fchal of hy{m} \u017fpek.\n [Sidenote: My summary must end for the present.]\n This p{ro}ce\u00df [now] mot clo\u017fine be\u00f1 and \u017ftek; 316\n And furth I wil one to my mat{er} go.\n\n[Headnote: THE DEDICATION.]\n\n [Sidenote: But I pray for the support of a very great poet,]\n Bot first I pray, and I be\u017fek also,\n One to the mo\u017ft conpilour to \u017fupport,\n Flour of poyet{is}, quhois nome I wil report 320\n To me nor to no\u00f1 vthir It accordit,\n [Sidenote: whose name I may not mention;]\n In to our rymyng his nam\u0305 to be recordit;\n For \u017fum \u017fuld deme It of pre\u017fump\u017fioune,\n [Sidenote: for our riming is but derision, when his excellence is\n remembered.]\n And ek our rymyng is al bot dery\u017fioune, 324\n Quhen that reme{m}brit is his excellens,\n So hie abuf that \u017ftant in reu{er}ans.\n Ye fre\u017fch enditing of h{is} laiting toung\n [Sidenote: The world knows his eloquence in inditing Latin;]\n Out throuch yis world \u017fo wid is yroung, 328\n Of eloquens, and ek of retoryk;\n Nor is, nor was, nore neu{er} beith hyme lyk,\n [Sidenote: and none can ever gladden the world like him:]\n This world gladith of h{is} \u017fuet poetry.\n His \u017faul I bly\u00df con\u017feruyt be for-thy; 332\n [Sidenote: to him be the thanks for my success.]\n And yf that ony lusty terme I wryt\n He haith the thonk y{er}of, {and} this endit.\n\nEXPLICIT P{RO}LOG{US}, ET INCIPIT P{RI}M{US} LIBER.\n\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR AT CARLISLE.]\n\n[BOOK I.]\n\n [Sidenote: When Titan, being in Aries, had apparelled the fields,]\n ++Quhen [that] tytan, withe his lusty heit, [Fol. 5b.]\n Twenty dais In to the aryeit 336\n Haith maid his cour\u00df, and all with diu{er}\u00df hewis\n Aparalit haith the feldis and the bewis;\n [Sidenote: and birds began to make their bowers;]\n The bird{is} amyd the erbis {and} the flour{is},\n And one the branchis, makyne gone thar bour{is}, 340\n And be the morow \u017finging in ther chere\n Welcum to the lu\u017fty \u017fe\u017f\u017fone of the \u021dere.\n In to this tyme the worthi conqueroure\n [Sidenote: king Arthur was at Carlisle.]\n Arthure, wich had of al this worlde the floure 344\n Of cheuelry auerding to his crown,\n So pa\u017fing war his kny{ch}t{is} in renoune,\n Was at carlill; and hapy{n}nit \u017fo that hee\n Soiornyt well long in that faire cuntree. 348\n [Sidenote: His knights, hearing of no adventure, were annoyed.]\n In to whilk tyme In to the court thai heire\n None awenture, for wich the knyght{is} weire\n Anoit all at the abiding thare.\n For-why, beholding one the \u017fobir ayre 352\n And of the tyme the pa\u017fing lu\u017ftynes,\n Can \u017fo thir knyghtly hart{is} to encre\u00df,\n [Sidenote: They therefore sent Sir Kay to pray the king to go to\n Camelot.]\n That thei \u017fhir kay one to the king haith \u017fende,\n Be\u017feiching hyme he wold wich\u017faif to wende 356\n To camelot the Cetee, whare that thei\n Ware wont to heryng of armys day be day.\n The king for\u017futh, heryng thare entent,\n To thare de\u017fir, be \u017fchort awy\u017fment, 360\n [Sidenote: The king proposed to do so on the morrow.]\n Ygrantid haith; and \u017fo the king p{ro}ponit\n And for to pas hyme one[T8] the morne di\u017fponit.\n\n [Footnote T8: MS. \u201cto pas one hyme one,\u201d with first \u201cone\u201d\n lightly crossed out.]\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR\u2019S TWO DREAMS.]\n\n Bot \u017fo befell hyme [on] that nycht to meit\n An aperans, the wich one to his \u017fpreit 364\n [Sidenote: That night he dreamt that his hair all fell off;]\n It \u017femyth that of al his hed ye hore\n Of fallith and maid de\u017folat; wharfore\n The king therof was pensyve in his mynd,\n That al the day he couth no re\u017fting fynde, 368\n [Sidenote: which made him delay his journey.]\n Wich makith hyme his Iorneye to delaye.\n And \u017fo befell apone the thrid day,\n The bricht \u017fone, pa\u017fing in the we\u017ft,\n Haith maid his cour\u00df, and al thing goith to Re\u017ft; 372\n [Sidenote: Again he dreamt, that his bowels fell out, and lay beside\n him.]\n The king, \u017fo as the \u017ftory can dewy\u00df,\n He thoght a\u021deine, apone the \u017famyne wy\u00df,\n His vombe out fallith vith his hoil syde [Fol. 6.]\n Apone the ground, {and} liging hyme be\u017fid; 376\n Throw wich anon out of his \u017flep he \u017ftert,\n Aba\u017fit and adred in to his hart.\n [Sidenote: He told the queen, who answered, \u201cNo man should respect\n vain dreams.\u201d]\n The wich be morow one to the qwen he told,\n And \u017fhe a\u021deine to hyme haith an\u017fuer \u021dolde; 380\n \u201cTo dremys, \u017f{ir}, \u017fhuld no man have Re\u017fpek,\n For thei ben thing{is} weyn, of non affek.\u201d\n \u201cWell,\u201d q{uo}d the king, \u201cgod grant It \u017fo befall!\u201d\n\n[Headnote: HE SENDS FOR HIS CLERKS.]\n\n [Sidenote: The king next shewed his dream to a clerk,]\n Arly he ro\u00df, and gert one to hyme call 384\n O clerk, to whome that al his hewynes\n Tweching his drem \u017fhewith he expre\u00df,\n [Sidenote: who said, \u201cSir, such things testify nothing.\u201d]\n Wich an\u017fuer yaf and \u017feith one to the kinge;\n \u201cShir, no Record lyith to \u017fuch thing; 388\n Wharfor now, \u017fhir, I praye yow tak no kep,\n Nore trai\u017ft in to the vanyteis of slep;\n For thei are thing{is} that a\u017fkith no credens,\n But cau\u017fith of \u017fum maner influe{n}s, 392\n Empri\u00df of thoght, ore \u017fup{er}fleuytee,\n Or than \u017fum othir ca\u017fualytee.\u201d\n [Sidenote: \u201cYet,\u201d replied he, \u201cI shall not leave it so.\u201d]\n \u201c\u021cit,\u201d q{uo}d the king, \u201cI \u017fal no{ch}t leif It so;\u201d\n And furth he chargit me\u017finger{is} to go 396\n Throgh al his Realm, w{i}t{h}outen more demande,\n [Sidenote: He bade all the bishops and clergy come to Camelot\n within twenty days.]\n And bad them \u017ftratly at thei \u017fhulde comande\n All the bi\u017fhopes, and makyng no delay\n The \u017fhuld appere be the tuenty day 400\n At camelot, with al thar hol clergy\n That mo\u017ft expert war, for to certefye\n A mat{er} tueching to his go\u017ft be nyght;\n The me\u017fag goith furth with the l{ett}res Right. 404\n\n ++The king eft \u017fone, w{i}t{h}in a litill \u017fpace,\n His Iornay makith haith frome place to place,\n [Sidenote: He goes to Camelot, and finds the clerks assembled.]\n Whill that he cam to camelot; and there\n The clerk{is} all, as that the chargit were, 408\n A\u017f\u017femblit war, and came to his pre\u017fens,\n Of his de\u017fir to viting the \u017fentens.\n To them that war to hyme mo\u017ft \u017fpeciall\n Furth his entent \u017fhauyth he al hall; 412\n [Sidenote: He discloses all to the ten that are most expert,]\n By whois con\u017feil, of the worthie\u017ft\n He che\u017fith ten, yclepit for the be\u017ft,\n And mo\u017ft expert and wi\u017fe\u017ft was \u017fuppo\u017fit, 415\n To qwhome his drem all hail he haith di\u017fclo\u017f\u017fit; [Fol. 6b.]\n The houre, the nyght, and al the c{er}cum\u017ftans;\n [Sidenote: and beseeches them to explain the dreams.]\n Be\u017fichyne them that the \u017fignifycans\n Thei wald hyme \u017fhaw, that he my{ch}t re\u017fting fynde\n Of It, the wich that occupeid his mynde. 420\n [Sidenote: One of them asks for nine days to advise upon the\n matter.]\n And one of them with[T9] al ther holl a\u017f\u017fent\n Saith, \u201c\u017fhire, fore to declare our entent\n Vpone this matere, ye wil ws delay\n Fore to awy\u017fing one to the ix day.\u201d 424\n The king ther-to grantith haith, bot hee\n [Sidenote: The king complies, but shuts them up in a strong place.]\n In to o place, that \u017ftrong was and hye,\n He clo\u017fith them, whare thei may no whare get,\n Vn to the day, the wich he to them set. 428\n Than goith the clerk{is} \u017fadly to awy\u00df\n Of this mat{er}, to \u017feing in what wy\u00df\n The king{is} drem thei \u017fhal be\u017ft \u017fpecefy.\n [Sidenote: The masters of astronomy fetch their books,]\n And than the mai\u017ftris of a\u017ftronomy 432\n The book{is} longyne to ther artis set;[T10]\n Not was the buk{is} of arachell forget,\n Of nembrot, of dan\u021dhelome, thei two,\n Of moy\u017fes, {and} of herynes all soo; 436\n [Sidenote: and calculate the disposition of the planets.]\n And \u017feking be ther calcolaciou{n}e\n To fynd the planet{is} di\u017fpo\u017ficiou{n}e,\n The wich thei fond ware wond{er} ewill y\u017fet\n The \u017famyne nyght the king his \u017fweuen met. 440\n\n [Footnote T9: MS. \u201csaith with\u201d (with a very slight scratch\n through \u201csaith\u201d).]\n [Footnote T10: So in MS. Read \u201cfet.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: THEY REFUSE TO EXPLAIN THEM.]\n\n So ner the point \u017focht thei have the thing,\n [Sidenote: They found the matter heavy for the king, and doubted if\n they should tell him so.]\n Thei fond It wond{er} hewy to the king,\n Of wich thing thei waryng in to were\n To \u017fhew the king, for dreid of his danger. 444\n Of ane accorde thei planly haue p{ro}ponit\n No worde to \u017fhow, and \u017fo thei them di\u017fponit.\n [Sidenote: Being sent for,]\n The day is cu{m}yng, and he haith fore them \u017fent,\n Be\u017fichyne them to \u017fhewing ther entent. 448\n [Sidenote: they all spake, \u201cSir, we can find no evidence.\u201d]\n Than \u017fpak they all, and that of an accorde;\n \u201cShir, of this thing we can no thing Recorde,\n For we can noght fynd in til our \u017fciens\n Tweching this mater ony ewydens.\u201d 452\n [Sidenote: \u201cEre we part,\u201d quoth the king, \u201cye shall witness\n something.\u201d]\n \u201cNow,\u201d q{uo}d the king, \u201cand be the glorius lorde,\n Or we depart ye \u017fhall \u017fum thing recorde;\n So pas yhe not, nor \u017fo It \u017fall not bee.\u201d\n \u201cThan,\u201d q{uo}d the clerk{is}, \u201cgrant ws dais three.\u201d 456\n [Sidenote: He grants them three days more.]\n The wich he grantid them, and but delay, [Fol. 7.]\n The term pa\u017f\u017fith, no thing wold the \u017fay,\n Wharof the king \u017ftondith heuy cherith,\n And to the clerk{is} his vi\u017fag \u017fo apperith, 460\n That all thei dred them of the king{is} myght.\n [Sidenote: They pray for a further delay of three days.]\n Than \u017faith o clerk, \u201cs{ir}, as the thrid nyght\n Ye dremyt, \u017fo [now] giffis ws delay\n The thrid tyme, and to the thrid day.\u201d 464\n By whilk tyme thei fundyng haith the ende\n Of this mater, als far as \u017fhal depend\n To ther \u017fciens; yit can thei not awy\u00df\n To \u017fchewing to the king be ony wy\u00df. 468\n [Sidenote: They still refuse to declare their thought.]\n The day is cum, the king haith them be\u017focht,\n But one no wy\u00df thei wald declar ther thoght;\n Than was he wroth in to his \u017felf and noyt,\n [Sidenote: The king vows to destroy them;]\n And maid his wow that thei \u017fhal[T11] ben di\u017ftroyt. 472\n His baronis he co{m}mandit to gar tak\n Fyve of them one to the fir-\u017ftak,\n And vther fyue be to the gibbot tone;\n And the furth w{i}t{h} the king{is} charg ar gone. 476\n [Sidenote: but secretly charges his knights not to harm them.]\n He bad them in to \u017fecret wy\u00df that thei\n Shud do no harm, but only them a\u00dfey.\n The clark{is}, dredful of the king{is} Ire,\n And \u017faw the p{er}ell of deth and of the fyre, 480\n Fyve, as thei can, has grantit to record;\n That vther herde and ben of ther accorde;\n And al thei ben yled one to the king,\n [Sidenote: They yield at last, and say,]\n And \u017fhew hyme thus as tueching of this thing. 484\n\n [Footnote T11: MS. \u201c\u017fhat.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: INTERPRETATION OF THE DREAMS.]\n\n \u201cShir, \u017fen that we con\u017ftrenyt ar by myght\n To \u017fhaw that wich[T12] we knaw no thing aricht;\n For thing to cum pre\u017feruith It allan\n To hyme the wich is euery thing c{er}ta\u00f1, 488\n Excep the thing that til our knawleg hee\n Hath ordynat of certan for to bee;\n Therfor, \u017fhir king, we your magnificens\n Be\u017feich It turne till ws to non offens, 492\n [Sidenote: \u201cHold us not as liars, though it happen not as we say.]\n Nor hald was no{ch}t as lear{is}, thoght It fall\n Not in this mat{er}, as that we telen \u017fhall.\u201d\n And that the king haith grantit them, {and} thei\n Has chargit one, that one this wi\u00df \u017fall \u017feye. 496\n \u201cPre\u017fumyth, \u017fhir, that we have fundyne so;\n [Sidenote: You must forego all earthly honour;]\n All erdly honore ye nedis[T13] mo\u017ft for-go,\n [Sidenote: and those on whom you most rely, will fail you.\u201d]\n And them the wich ye mo\u017ft affy in-tyll [Fol. 7b.]\n Shal failye \u021dow, magre of ther will; 500\n And thus we haue in to this matere founde.\u201d\n The king, quhois hart was al wyth dred ybownd,\n And a\u017fkit at the clerk{is}, if thei fynde\n By there clergy, that \u017ftant i{n} ony kynde 504\n [Sidenote: The king asks if his destiny can be altered.]\n Of po\u017f\u017fibilitee, fore to reforme\n His de\u017fteny, that \u017ftud in \u017fuch a forme;\n If in the hewyne Is preordynat\n On \u017fuch o wi\u00df his honor to tran\u017flat. 508\n The clerk{is} \u017faith, \u201cfor\u017futh, and we haue \u017fene\n [Sidenote: They reply, that the matter is dark.]\n O thing whar-of, if we the trouth \u017fhal me\u00f1,\n Is \u017fo ob\u017fcure and dyrk til our clergye,\n That we wat not what It \u017fhal \u017fignefye, 512\n Wich cau\u017fith ws we can It not furth \u017fay.\u201d\n \u201cYis,\u201d q{uo}d the king, \u201cas lykith yow ye may,\n For wers than this can nat be \u017faid for me.\u201d\n\n [Footnote T12: MS. \u201cwich that.\u201d]\n [Footnote T13: MS. \u201cnedi\u017ft;\u201d but see l. 518.]\n\n[Headnote: THE CLERKS GIVE MYSTERIOUS ADVICE.]\n\n [Sidenote: A master says, there is no help but in the true watery\n lion, and in the leech, and in the flower.]\n Thane \u017faith o mai\u017ftir, \u201cthan \u017futhly th{us} finde we; 516\n Thar is no thing \u017fal \u017fucour nor re\u017fkew,\n Your worldly honore nedis mo\u017ft adew,\n But throuch the watrye lyone {and} ek fyne,\n On throuch the liche {and} ek the wattir \u017fyne, 520\n [Sidenote: God knows what this should mean.]\n And throuch the con\u017feill of the flour; god wot\n What this \u017fhude me\u00f1, for mor ther-of we not.\u201d\n No word the king an\u017fuerid ayane,\n For al this re\u017fone thinkith bot i{n} weyne. 524\n [Sidenote: The king shews no outward grief,]\n He \u017fhawith outwart his contenans\n As he therof takith no greuans;\n [Sidenote: but is not rid of anxiety all night.]\n But al the nyght it pa\u017f\u017fid nat his thoght.\n The dais cour\u00df w{i}t{h} ful de\u017fir he \u017focht, 528\n And furth he goith to bring his mynd i{n} re\u017ft\n [Sidenote: Next day he goes to the forest.]\n W{i}t{h} mony O knyght vn to the gret fore\u017ft;\n The rachis gon wn-copelit for the deire,\n That in the wodis makith nois {and} cheir: 532\n The knycht{is}, w{i}t{h} the grewhund{is} in aweit,\n Secith boith the planis and the \u017ftreit.\n [Sidenote: The chase.]\n Doune goith the hart, doune goith the hynd al\u017fo;\n [In to the feld can ru\u017fching to and fro][T14] 536\n The \u017fwift grewhund, hardy of a\u017f\u017fay;\n Befor ther hedis no thing goith away.\n The king of hunting takith haith his \u017fport,\n [Sidenote: The king returns.]\n And to his palace home he can Re\u017fort, 540\n Ayan the noon; and as that he was set\n [Sidenote: As they sit at meat, an aged knight enters, fully armed.]\n Vith all his noble knyght{is} at the met, [Fol. 8.]\n So cam ther in an agit knyght, {and} hee\n Of gret e\u017f\u017ftat \u017femyt for to bee; 544\n Anarmyt all, as tho It was the gy\u00df,\n And thus the king he \u017falu\u017ft, one this wi\u00df,\n\n [Footnote T14: A line must here be lost, but there is nothing\n to shew this in the MS. The inserted line is imitated from\n l.\u00a03293.]\n\n[Headnote: GALIOT\u2019S MESSAGE.]\n\n [Sidenote: The knight\u2019s message is that king Galiot bids Arthur to\n yield to him his kingdom.]\n ++\u201cShir king, one to yow am y \u017fende\n Frome the worthie\u017ft that i{n} world is kend, 548\n That leuyth now of his tyme and age,\n Of manhed, wi\u017fdome, {and} of hie curag,\n Galiot, \u017fone of the fare gyande;\n And thus, at \u017fhort, he bid{is} yow your londe 552\n Ye yald hyme our, w{i}t{h}out Impedyment;\n Or of hyme holde, and if tribut and rent.\n This is my charge at \u017fhort, whilk if youe le\u017ft\n For to fulfill, of al he haith conque\u017ft 556\n He \u017fais that he mo\u017ft tendir \u017fhal youe hald.\u201d\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR DEFIES GALIOT.]\n\n [Sidenote: The king refuses.]\n By \u017fhort awys the king his an\u017fuer yald;\n \u201cShir kny{ch}t, your lorde wondir hie pretendis,\n When he to me \u017fic \u017falutatioune send{is}; 560\n For I as yit, in tymys that ar gone,\n Held neu{er} lond excep of god alone,\n Nore neu{er} thinkith til erthly lord to yef\n Trybut nor rent, als long as I may lef.\u201d 564\n [Sidenote: The knight replies, that his lord bids him defiance, and\n will invade his land in a month;]\n \u201cWell,\u201d q{uo}d the kny{ch}t, \u201cful \u017for repentith me;\n Non may reci\u017ft the thing the wich mone bee.\n To yow, \u017f{ir} king, than frome my lord am I\n With diffyans \u017fent, and be this re\u017fone why; 568\n His purpos Is, or this day moneth day,\n With all his o\u017ft, planly to a\u017f\u017fay\n Your lond, w{i}t{h} mony ma{n}ly man of were,\n [Sidenote: not to return till he has conquered;]\n And helmyt kny{ch}t{is}, boith with \u017fheld {and} \u017fpere; 572\n And neu{er} thinkith to retwrn home whill\n That he this lond haith conque\u017ft at his will;\n [Sidenote: and he intends to possess queen Vanour.]\n And ek vanour the quen, of whome that hee\n Herith report of al this world that \u017fhee 576\n In fairhed and in wertew doith excede,\n He bad me \u017fay he think{is} to po\u017f\u017fede.\u201d\n [Sidenote: Arthur returns his defiance.]\n \u201cSchir,\u201d q{uod} the king, \u201cyour me\u017fag me behuf{is}\n Of re\u017fone and of curta\u017fy excu\u017f\u00df; 580\n But tueching to your lord {and} to his o\u017ft,\n His powar [and] his me\u017fag and his bo\u017ft,\n That pretendith my lond for to di\u017ftroy,\n Thar-of as \u021dit tak I non anoye; 584\n And \u017fay your lord one my behalf, when hee [Fol. 8b.]\n Haith tone my lond, that al the world \u017fhal see\n That It \u017fhal be magre myne entent.\u201d\n [Sidenote: The knight departs, lamenting Arthur\u2019s adventurous\n spirit.]\n With that the kny{ch}t, w{i}t{h}outen leif, is went, 588\n And richt as he was pa\u017fing to the dure,\n He \u017faith, \u201ca gode![T15] what wykyt aduenture\n Apperith!\u201d w{i}t{h} that his hors he nome,\n Two knicht{is} kepit, waiting h{is} outcome. 592\n\n [Footnote T15: MS. \u201cagod^e.\u201d]\n\n The kni{ch}t is gon, the king he gan Inquere\n At gawan, and at other kny{ch}t{is} sere,\n [Sidenote: Arthur asks Gawane who Galiot is.]\n If that thei knew or eu{er} hard recorde\n Of galiot, and wharof he wes lorde; 596\n And ther was non among his kny{ch}t{is} all\n Which an\u017fuerd o word in to the hall.\n Than galygantynis of walys ra\u017fe,\n [Sidenote: Galygantynis of Wales replies,]\n That trauelit in diu{er}\u00df lond{is} has, 600\n In mony kny{ch}tly aue{n}tur haith ben;\n And to the king he \u017faith, \u201c\u017f{ir}, I haue sen\n Galiot, which is the fare\u017ft kny{ch}t,\n [Sidenote: that Galiot is the tallest knight by half a foot of all\n he ever saw; that he is wise, liberal, humble,]\n And hie\u017ft be half a fut one hycht, 604\n That eu{er} I saw, and ek his me{n} accordith;\n Hyme lakid no{ch}t that to a lord recordith.\n For vi\u017fare of his ag is non than hee,\n And ful of larges and humylytee; 608\n [Sidenote: courageous, and under xxiv years of age.]\n An hart he haith of pa\u017fing hie curag,\n And is not xxiiij \u021der of age,\n And of his tyme mekil haith conquerit;\n [Sidenote: Ten kings obey him.]\n Ten king{is} at his {com}mand ar \u017fterit. 612\n He v{i}t{h} his me{n} \u017fo louit is, y ge\u00df,\n That hyme to ple\u00df is al ther be\u017fynes.\n Not \u017fay I this, \u017f{ir}, in to ye entent\n That he, nor none wnd{er} the firmame{n}t, 616\n Shal pouere haue ayane your maie\u017ftee;\n And or thei \u017fhuld, this y \u017fey for mee,\n Rather I \u017fhall kny{ch}tly in to feild\n Re\u017faue my deith anarmyt wnd{er} \u017fheld. 620\n This \u017fpek y le\u017ft;\u201d--the king, ayan the morn,\n [Sidenote: The king goes again to the chase.]\n Haith varnit huntar{is} baith with hund {and} horne,\n And arly gan one to the fore\u017ft ryd,\n With mony manly knyght{is} by h{is} \u017fid, 624\n Hyme for to \u017fport and comfort w{i}t{h} the dere,\n Set contrare was the \u017fe\u017fone of y^e yere.\n [Sidenote: He likes boar-hunting best.]\n His mo\u017ft huntyng was atte wyld bore;\n God wot a lu\u017ftye cuntree was It thoore, 628 [Fol. 9.]\n In the ilk tyme! weil long this noble king\n In to this lond haith maid his \u017fuiornyng;\n\n[Headnote: THE LADY OF MELYHALT\u2019S MESSAGE.]\n\n [Sidenote: A messenger comes from the lady of Melyhalt,]\n Frome the lady was send o me\u017finger\n Of melyhalt, wich \u017faith one this maner, 632\n As that the \u017ftory \u017fhewith by recorde:\n\n ++\u201cTO yow, \u017f{ir} king, as to hir \u017fou{er}an lorde,\n My lady hath me chargit for to \u017fay\n How that your lond \u017ftondith i{n} affray; 636\n [Sidenote: to say that Galiot has entered Arthur\u2019s land,]\n For galiot, \u017fone of the fare gyande,\n Enterit Is by armys in your land,\n And \u017fo the lond and cuntre he anoyth,\n That quhar he goith planly he di\u017ftroyth, 640\n And makith al obei\u017fand to his honde,\n [Sidenote: and has conquered all but two castles belonging to his\n mistress.]\n That nocht is left wnconque\u017ft i{n} that lond,\n Excep two ca\u017ftell{is} longing to hir cwre,\n Wich to defend \u017fhe may no{ch}t long endure. 644\n Wharfor, \u017f{ir}, in word{is} plan {and} \u017fhort,\n Ye mon di\u017fpone your folk for to \u017fupport.\u201d\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR\u2019S READINESS FOR WAR.]\n\n [Sidenote: The king promises not to delay, and inquires the number\n of the foe.]\n \u201cWel,\u201d q{uod} the king, \u201cone to thi lady \u017fay\n The neid is myne, I fall It not delay; 648\n But what folk ar thei ne{m}myt for to bee,\n That in my lond is cu{m}yne in \u017fich degree?\u201d\n [Sidenote: \u201cA hundred thousand,\u201d is the reply.]\n \u201cAn hundreth thou\u017fand boith vith \u017fheld {and} \u017fpere\n On hors ar armyt, al redy for the were.\u201d 652\n \u201cWel,\u201d q{uo}d the king, \u201cand but delay this ny{ch}t,\n Or than to morn as that the day is lycht,\n [Sidenote: The king says he will set off that very night.]\n I \u017fhal remuf; ther \u017fhal no thing me mak\n Impedyme{n}t, my Iorney for to tak.\u201d 656\n Than \u017feith his kny{ch}t{is} al w{i}t{h} one a\u017f\u017fent,\n [Sidenote: His knights advise him to wait till he has raised an\n army.]\n \u201cShir, that is al contrare our entent;\n For to your folk this mater is wnwi\u017ft,\n And ye ar here our few for to reci\u017ft 660\n \u021cone power, and youre cuntre to defende;\n Tharfor abid, and for your folk ye send,\n That lyk a king and lyk a weriour\n Ye may \u017fu\u017ften in armys your honoure.\u201d 664\n \u201cNow,\u201d q{uod} the king, \u201cno langer that I \u021deme\n My crowne, my \u017fepture, nor my dyademe,\n Frome that I here, ore frome I wnd{er}\u017ftand,\n That ther by fors be entrit in my land 668\n Men of armys, by \u017ftrenth of vyolens,\n [Sidenote: He refuses to wait longer than till the morrow.]\n If that I mak abid or re\u017fydens\n In to o place langar than o ny{ch}t,\n For to defend my cuntre {and} my ry{ch}t.\u201d 672\n The king that day his me\u017fage haith furth sent [Fol. 9b.]\n Throuch al his realme, and \u017fyne to re\u017ft is went.\n\n ++Up goith the morow, wp goith the bry{ch}t day,\n Wp goith the sone in to his fre\u017fh aray; 676\n Richt as he \u017fpred his bemys frome northe\u017ft,\n [Sidenote: The king arises next morning without delay,]\n The king wpra\u00df w{i}t{h}outen more are\u017ft,\n And by his awn con\u017feil and entent\n His Iornaye tuk at \u017fhort awy\u017fment. 680\n And but dulay he goith frome place to place\n Whill that he cam nere whare[T16] the lady was,\n [Sidenote: and reaches a plain by the river side,]\n And in one plane, apone o reuer \u017fyde,\n He lichtit doune, and ther he can abide; 684\n And yit w{i}t{h} hyme to batell fore to go\n [Sidenote: having only seven thousand with him.]\n Vij thousand fechter{is} war thei, {and} no mo.\n\n [Footnote T16: MS. \u201cwhare that,\u201d with slight scratch through\n \u201cthat.\u201d]\n\n [Sidenote: Lancelot, having been imprisoned by the lady of\n Melyhalt,]\n ++This was the lady, of qwhome befor I tolde,\n That lancilot haith in to hir kepinge holde; 688\n But for to tell his pa\u017fing hewyne\u017f\u017fe,\n His peyne, his \u017forow, and his gret di\u017ftre\u017f\u017fe\n Of pre\u017fone and of loues gret \u017fuppris,\n It war to long to me for to dewys. 692\n When he reme{m}brith one his hewy charge\n Of loue, wharof he can hyme not di\u017fcharge,\n He wepith and he \u017forowith in his chere,\n And euery nyght \u017femyth hyme o yere. 696\n Gret peite was the \u017forow that he maad,\n [Sidenote: laments his fate.]\n And to hyme-\u017felf apone this wi\u00df he \u017faade:\n\n[Headnote: LANCELOT\u2019S LAMENT.]\n\n [Sidenote: Lancelot\u2019s lament; his pleasure is gone;]\n ++\u201cQwhat haue y gilt, allace! or qwhat de\u017f{er}uit?\n That thus myne hart \u017fhal vondit ben {and} carwit 700\n One by the \u017fuord of double peine and wo?\n My comfort and my ple\u017fans is ago,\n To me is nat that \u017fhuld me glaid re\u017feruit.\n\n [Sidenote: he curses his natal day;]\n I cur\u00df the tyme of myne Natiuitee, 704\n Whar in the heuen It ordinyd was for me,\n In all my lyue neu{er} til haue ee\u00df;\n But for to be example of di\u017fe\u00df,\n And that apperith that eu{er}y vicht may see. 708\n\n [Sidenote: he has never spent a single day free from anxiety,]\n Sen thelke tyme that I had \u017fufficians\n Of age, and chargit thoght{is} \u017fufferans,\n Nor neu{er} I {con}tinewite haith o day\n With-out the payne of thoght{is} hard a\u017f\u017fay; 712\n Thus goith my youth in tempe\u017ft {and} penans.\n\n [Sidenote: and is now in prison; and invokes Death.]\n And now my body is In pre\u017fone broght;\n But of my wo, that in Regard is noght, [Fol. 10.]\n The wich myne hart felith euer more. 716\n O deth, allace! whi hath yow me forbore\n That of remed haith the \u017fo long be\u017foght!\u201d\n\n [Sidenote: Thus the smart of love\u2019s sorrow pricketh him.\n He is kept by her from the exercise of knighthood;\n and there we let him dwell.]\n Thus neu{er}emore he \u017fe\u017fith to compleine,\n This woful knyght that felith not bot peine; 720\n So prekith hyme the \u017fmert of loues \u017fore,\n And eu{er}y day encre\u017f\u017fith more and more.\n And with this lady takine is al\u017fo,\n And kepit whar he may no whare go 724\n To haunt knychthed, the wich he mo\u017ft de\u017firit;\n And, thus his hart w{i}t{h} dowbil wo yfirite,\n We lat hyme duel here with the lady \u017ftill,\n Whar he haith lai\u017fere for to compleine his fyll. 728\n\n[Headnote: GALIOT BESIEGES A CASTLE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Meanwhile, Galiot besieged a castle.]\n ++And galiot in this meyne tyme he laie\n By \u017ftrong myght o ca\u017ftell to a\u017f\u017fay,\n With many engyne and diu{er}\u00df wais \u017fere,\n For of fute folk he had a gret powere 732\n That bowis bur, and vther In\u017ftrument{is},\n [Sidenote: His army had pavilions, tents, and iron-wheeled\n chariots.]\n And with them lede ther pal\u021donis {and} ther te{n}t{is},\n With mony o \u017ftrong chariot and cher\n With yrne qwhelis and barris long {and} \u017fqwar; 736\n Well \u017ftuffit with al maner apparell\n That longith to o \u017fege or to batell;\n Whar-with his o\u017ft was clo\u017fit al about,\n That of no \u017ftrenth nedith hyme to dout. 740\n [Sidenote: When he heard of Arthur\u2019s coming,]\n And when he hard the cu{m}yne of the king,\n And of his o\u017ft, and of his gaderyng,\n The wich he reput but of febil myght\n Ayanis hyme for to \u017fu\u017ften the ficht, 744\n His con\u017fell holl a\u017f\u017femblit he, but were,\n [Sidenote: he assembled his council,]\n Ten knight{is} with other lord{is} \u017fere,\n And told theme of the cu{m}ing of the king,\n And a\u017fkit them there con\u017fell of that thing. 748\n [Sidenote: who thought it would degrade him, to fight in proper\n person against so few.]\n Hyme thoght that it his wor\u017fchip wold degrade,\n If he hyme \u017felf in p{ro}pir p{er}\u017fone raide\n Enarmyt ayane \u017fo few menye\n As It was told arthur[{is}] fore to bee; 752\n And thane the kyng-An-hund{er}eth-kny{ch}t{is} cold,\n (And \u017fo he hot, for neu{er}more he wolde\n Ryd of his lond, but In his cu{m}pany\n O hundyre knyght{is} ful of chiuellry). 756\n\n[Headnote: PREPARATION FOR THE BATTLE.]\n\n [Sidenote: The king of a hundred knights (Maleginis) undertakes\n the exploit;]\n He \u017faith, \u201cshir, ande I one hond [may] tak, [Fol. 10b.]\n If It you ple\u00df, this Iorney \u017fhal I mak.\u201d\n Quod galiot, \u201cI grant It yow, but ye\n Shal fir\u017ft go ryd, yone kny{ch}t{is} o\u017ft {and} see.\u201d 760\n With-outen more he ridith our the plan,\n And \u017faw the o\u017ft and is returnyd aya\u00f1;\n And callit them mo than he hade \u017fen, for why\n He dred the reprefe of his cumpany. 764\n [Sidenote: who reconnoitres Arthur\u2019s host, and says it is 10,000\n strong: whereon Galiot charges him to take the same number.]\n And to his lord apone this wys \u017faith hee,\n \u201cShir, ten thou\u017fand y ges them for to bee.\u201d\n And galiot haith chargit hyme to tak\n Als fell folk, and for the feld hyme mak. 768\n And \u017fo he doith and haith them wel Arayt;\n Apone the morne his banaris war di\u017fplayt.\n\n ++Up goth the trumpet{is} with the clariou{ni}s,\n Ayaine the feld blawen furth ther \u017fownis, 772\n [Sidenote: Galiot\u2019s host set out.]\n Furth goth this king w{i}t{h} al his o\u017ft anon.\n Be this the word wes to king arthur gone,\n That knew no thing, nor wi\u017ft of ther entent,\n [Sidenote: Arthur\u2019s host don their armour.]\n But \u017fone his folk ar one to armys went; 776\n But arthur by Report hard saye\n [Sidenote: Arthur, hearing that Galiot is unarmed, will not arm\n himself;]\n How galiot non armys bur that day,\n Wharfor he thoght of armys nor of \u017fheld\n None wald he tak, nor mak hyme for the feld. 780\n [Sidenote: but calls Gawane, and tells him how to order his\n battalions.]\n But gawane haith he clepit, was hyme by,\n In qwhome Rignith the flour of cheuelry;\n And told one what man{er}, and one what wy\u00df\n He \u017fhuld his batelles ordand and dewys; 784\n Be\u017feching hyme, [hyme] wi\u017fly to for-see\n A\u021daine thei folk, wich was far mo than hee.\n He knew the charg and pa\u017f\u017fith one his way\n Furth to his hor\u00df, and makith no dulay; 788\n The clariou{n}is blew and furth goth al ono\u00f1,\n [Sidenote: Gawane and his men cross over the water at the ford.]\n And our ye watt{er} and the furd ar go\u00f1e.\n\n[Headnote: GAWANE HARANGUES HIS MEN.]\n\n Within o playne vpone that other \u017fyd\n Ther gawan gon his batellis to dewide, 792\n As he wel couth, and set them i{n} aray,\n Syne with o manly contynans can \u017fay,\n [Sidenote: He harangues his men.]\n \u201cYe falowis wich of the round table be\u00f1,\n Through al this erth whois fam is hard {and} \u017fen, 796\n Reme{m}brith now It \u017ftondith one the poynt,\n For why It lyith one your \u017fperis poynt,[T17]\n The well-fare of the king and of our londe; [Fol. 11.]\n And \u017fen the \u017fucour lyith in your honde, 800\n And hardement is thing \u017fhall mo\u017ft awaill\n Frome deth ther men of armys in bataill,\n Lat now your ma{n}hed and your hie curage\n The pryd of al thir multitude a\u017f\u017fuage; 804\n Deth or defence, non other thing we wot.\u201d\n [Sidenote: Maleginis and all his host come over the plain, and\n Gawane sends a company against them.]\n This fre\u017fch king, that maleginis was hot,\n With al his o\u017ft he cu{m}myne our the pla\u00f1,\n And gawan \u017fend o batell hyme aga\u00f1; 808\n In myde the borde,[T18] and fe\u017ftinit in the \u017ftell\n The \u017fperithis poynt, that bitith \u017fcharp {and} well;\n [Sidenote: But they were all too few; wherefore Gawane sends\n a second company;]\n Bot al to few thei war, and my{ch}t no{ch}t le\u017ft\n This gret Rout that cu{m}myth one \u017fo fa\u017ft. 812\n Than haith \u017f{ir} gawan \u017fend, them to \u017fupport,\n One othir batell with one kny{ch}tly sorte;\n [Sidenote: then a third; then a fourth; and then sets out himself,\n to resist the 10,000.]\n And \u017fyne the thrid, and \u017fyne the ferde al\u017fo;\n And \u017fyne hyme-\u017felf one to the feld can go, 816\n When that he \u017fauch thar latt{er} batell \u017fteir,\n And the ten thou\u017fand cu{m}myne al thei veir;\n Qwhar that of armes prewit he so well,\n His e{n}nemys gane his mortall [\u017ftrokis] fell. 820\n\n [Footnote T17: At the bottom of this page appears for the\n first time a catchword, which is-- \u201cThe wel fare.\u201d]\n [Footnote T18: Or \u201cberde.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: GAWANE DEFEATS MALEGINIS.]\n\n [Sidenote: He goes among them in his courage,]\n He goith ymong them in his hie curage,\n As he that had of knyghthed the w\u017fage,\n And couth hyme weill {con}ten i{n} to on hour;\n A\u021daine his \u017ftrok re\u017fi\u017ftit non armour; 824\n [Sidenote: and many other of Arthur\u2019s knights perform wonders.]\n And mony kny{ch}t, that worth ware and bolde,\n War thore with hyme of arthur{is} hou\u017fhold,\n And knyghtly gan one to the feld them bere,\n And mekil wroght of armys In to were; 828\n S{ir} gawan than vpone \u017fuch wy\u00df hyme bure,\n [Sidenote: Maleginis goeth to discomfiture, and 7,000 of his men\n flee.]\n This othere goith al to di\u017fcu{m}fitoure;\n Sewyne thou\u017fand fled, {and} of the feld thei go,\n Whar-of this king in to his hart was wo, 832\n For of hyme \u017felf he was of hie curage.\n To galiot than \u017fend he in me\u017fag,\n That he \u017fhuld help his folk for to defende;\n [Sidenote: Galiot sends him 30,000 more.]\n And he to hyme hath xxx^te thousand sende; 836\n Whar-of this king gladith in his hart,\n And thinkith to Reweng all the \u017fmart\n That he to-for haith \u017fuffirit and the payne. [Fol. 11b.]\n [Sidenote: His folk return across the field as thick as hail.]\n And al his folk returnyt Is ayayne 840\n Atour the feld, and cu{m}myne thilk as haill;[T19]\n The \u017fwyft hor\u00df goith fir\u017ft to the a\u017f\u017fall.\n This noble knyght that \u017feith the g{r}ete for\u00df\n Of armyt men, that cu{m}myne vpone hor\u00df, 844\n To-giddir \u017femblit al his falow\u017fchip,\n And thoght them at the \u017fharp poynt to kep,\n So that thar harm\u0305 \u017fhal be ful deir yboght.\n This vthere folk with \u017ftraucht cour\u00df hath \u017focht 848\n Out of aray atour the larg felld;\n Thar was the \u017ftrok{is} fe\u017ftnit i{n} the \u017fhelde,\n Thei war Re\u017fauit at the \u017fper{is} end.\n [Sidenote: Arthur\u2019s folk receive them manfully.]\n So arthur{is} folk can manfully defend; 852\n The forme\u017ft can thar lyues end conclude,\n Whar \u017fone a\u017f\u017femblit al the multitude.\n Thar was defens, ther was gret a\u017f\u017faill,\n Richt wond{er}full and \u017ftrong was y^e bataill, 856\n [Sidenote: but sustain much pain,]\n Whar arthur{is} folk \u017fu\u017ftenit mekil payn,\n And kny{ch}tly them defendit haith a\u021daine.\n\n [Footnote T19: MS. \u201cthilk as (Rayne) haill,\u201d as if it were at\n first intended to find a rime to \u201cayayne.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: GAWANE\u2019S VALIANT DEEDS.]\n\n [Sidenote: and cannot endure against so many.]\n Bot endur thei my{ch}t, apone no wy\u00df,\n The multitude and ek the gret \u017fupp{ri}\u00df; 860\n But gawan, wich that \u017fetith al h{is} payn\n Vpone knyghthed, defendid \u017fo a\u021daine,\n That only in the manhede of this knyght\n His folk reIo\u017fit them of his gret myght, 864\n And ek aba\u017fit hath his ennemys;\n For throw the feld he goith in \u017fuch wy\u00df,\n And in the pre\u00df \u017fo ma{n}fully them \u017f{er}uith,\n [Sidenote: Gawane carves helmets in two, and smites heads off\n shoulders;]\n His \u017fuerd atwo the helmys al to-kerwith, 868\n The hed{is} of he be the \u017fhoud{er}is \u017fmat;\n The hor\u00df goith, of the mai\u017ft{er} de\u017folat.\n But what awaleth al his be\u017fynes,\n So \u017ftrong and \u017fo in\u017fufferable vas the pre\u00df? 872\n [Sidenote: but his men recross the ford to go to their lodges.]\n His folk are pa\u017f\u017fit atour the furdis ilkon,\n Towart ther bretis and to ther luges gon;\n Whar he and many worthy knyght al\u017fo\n Of arthur{is} hou\u00df endurit mekill wo, 876\n That neu{er} men mar in to armys vroght\n Of manhed, \u021dit was It al for noght.\n Thar was the \u017ftrenth, ther was the pa\u017fing myght [Fol. 12.]\n [Sidenote: Gawane fights alone till night,]\n Of gawan, wich that whill the dirk nyght 880\n Befor the luges faucht al hyme alo\u00f1,\n When that his falowis entrit ware ilko\u00f1,\n On arthur{is} half war mony tan and \u017flan;\n [Sidenote: when Galiot\u2019s folk return home.]\n And galot{is} folk Is hame ret{u}rnyd a\u021daine, 884\n For it was lait; away the o\u017ftis ridith,\n And gawan \u021dit apone his hor\u00df abidith,\n W{i}t{h} \u017fuerd in hond, when thei away var gon,\n And so for-wrocht hys ly{m}mys ver ilkon, 888\n And wondit ek his body vp and doune,\n [Sidenote: Gawane swoons upon his horse.]\n Vpone his hor\u00df Right thore he fel in \u017fwoune;\n And thei hyme tuk {and} to his lugyne bare,\n [Sidenote: The king and queen fear he has brought himself to\n confusion.]\n Boith king and qwen of hyme vare i{n} di\u017fpare; 892\n For thei \u017fuppo\u017fit, throw marwellis that he vroght,\n He had hyme-\u017felf to his confu\u017fiou{n}e broght.\n\n[Headnote: LANCELOT PRAYS TO BE RELEASED.]\n\n [T]his[T20] was nere by of melyhalt, the hyll,\n Whar lan\u017fcelot \u021dit was w{i}t{h} the lady \u017ftill. 896\n The kny{ch}t{is} of the court [can] pa\u017fing hom\u0305e;\n This ladiis kny{ch}t{is} to hir palice com,\n And told to hir, how that the feld was vent,\n [Sidenote: The lady of Melyhalt hears of Gawane\u2019s deeds;]\n And of gawan, and of his hardyme{n}t, 900\n That merwell was his manhed to behold;\n [Sidenote: and Lancelot also,]\n And \u017fone thir tithing{is} to the kny{ch}t vas told,\n That was with wo and hewyne\u017fs oppre\u017ft;\n So noyith hyme his \u017fuiorne and his re\u017ft, 904\n [Sidenote: who sends for a knight to take a message to the lady;]\n And but dulay one for o kny{ch}t he send,\n That was mo\u017ft \u017fpeciall with the lady kend.\n He comyne, and the kny{ch}t vn to hyme \u017faid,\n \u201cDi\u017fple\u00df yow not, \u017f{ir}, be \u021dhe not ill paid, 908\n So homly thus I yow exort to go,\n To gare my lady \u017fpek o word or two\n With me, that am a carful p{re}\u017fonere.\u201d[T21]\n \u201cS{ir}, your co{m}mande y \u017fhall, w{i}t{h}outen were, 912\n Fulfill;\u201d and to his lady pa\u017f\u017fit hee\n In lawly wy\u00df be\u017fiching hir, that \u017fhe\n Wald grant hyme to pas at his reque\u017ft,\n Vnto hir kny{ch}t, \u017ftood wnd{er} hir are\u017ft; 916\n And \u017fhe, that knew al gentille\u00df aright,\n [Sidenote: who comes to his chamber.]\n Furth to his chamber pa\u017f\u017fit wight[T22] the licht.\n\n [Footnote T20: See note to this line.]\n [Footnote T21: MS. \u201cpreson{er}ere.\u201d]\n [Footnote T22: Read \u201cwith\u201d (?).]\n\n ++And he aro\u00df and \u017falu\u017ft Curta\u017fly [Fol. 12b.]\n [Sidenote: Lancelot beseeches her to appoint his ransom,]\n The lady, and \u017faid, \u201cmadem, her I, 920\n Your pre\u017foner, be\u017fekith yow that \u021dhe\n Wold mer\u017fy and compa\u017f\u017fione have of me,\n And mak the ran\u017fone wich that I may yeif;\n I wai\u017ft my tyme in presou{n}e thus to leife. 924\n For why I her on be report be told,\n That arthur, with the flour of his hou\u017fholde,\n Is cu{m}myne here, and in this cuntre lyis,\n And \u017ftant In danger of his ennemyis, 928\n And haith a\u017f\u017femblit; and eft this \u017fhalt bee\n Within \u017fhort tyme one new a\u017f\u017femblee.\n Thar-for, my lady, y youe g{ra}ce be\u017fech,\n That I mycht pas, my Ran\u017fon for to fech; 932\n [Sidenote: presuming that some of Arthur\u2019s knights will pay it.]\n Fore I p{re}\u017fume thar longith to that \u017fort\n That louid me, and \u017fhal my nede \u017fupport.\u201d\n\n[Headnote: THE LADY AT FIRST REFUSES;]\n\n ++\u201cShire kny{ch}t, It \u017ftant no{ch}t in \u017fich dugree;\n [Sidenote: She replies that she does not want a ransom, but has\n imprisoned him for his guilt.]\n It is no ran\u017fone wich that cau\u017fith me 936\n To holden yow, or don yow \u017fich offens;\n It is your gilt, It is your wiolens,\n Whar-of that I de\u017fir no thing but law,\n W{i}t{h}out report your aw\u00f1 tre\u017fpas to knaw.\u201d 940\n \u201cMadem, your ple\u017fance may ye wel fulfill\n Of me, that am in p{re}\u017fone at your will.\n [Sidenote: He prays for pardon,]\n Bot of that gilt, I was for til excu\u00df,\n For that I did of werrey nede behw\u00df, 944\n It tuechit to my honore and my fame;\n I mycht no{ch}t lefe It but hurting of my nam,\n And ek the knycht was mor to blam than I.\n But ye, my lady, of your curte\u017f\u017fy, 948\n Wold \u021de deden my Ransou{n}e to re\u017faue,\n [Sidenote: and begs for liberty:]\n Of pre\u017fone \u017fo I my libertee myght haue,\n Y ware \u021dolde eu{er}more [to be] your knyght,\n Whill that I leif, w{i}t{h} al my holl myght. 952\n And if \u017fo be ye lykith not to ma\n [Sidenote: or at least to be allowed to go to the next battle,]\n My ra{n}\u017fone, [madem,] if me leif to ga\n To the a\u017f\u017femble, wich \u017fal be of new;\n [Sidenote: under a promise to return at night.]\n And as that I am feithful kny{ch}t {and} trew, 956\n At ny{ch}t to yow I ent{er} \u017fhall a\u021daine,\n But if that deth or other lat c{er}ta\u00f1,\n Throw wich I [may] have \u017fuch Impediment,\n That I be hold,[T23] magre myne entent.\u201d 960 [Fol. 13.]\n\n [Footnote T23: MS. \u201cbehold.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: BUT AT LAST GRANTS HIS BOON.]\n\n [Sidenote: She consents, if he will specify to her his name.]\n \u201cS{ir} kny{ch}t,\u201d q{uo}d \u017fhe, \u201cI grant yow leif, w{i}t{h}thy\n Your name to me that \u021de wil \u017fpecify.\u201d\n \u201cMadem, as \u021dit, \u017futly I ne may\n Duclar my name, one be no man{er} way; 964\n [Sidenote: He refuses for the present.]\n But I p{ro}myt, als fa\u017ft as I haue tyme\n Conuenient, or may vith-outen cryme,\n I \u017fhall;\u201d and than the lady \u017faith hyme tyll,\n \u201cAnd I, \u017fchir kny{ch}t, one this condi\u017fcione will 968\n [Sidenote: She grants him leave, under the proposed condition.]\n Grant yow leve, \u017fo that ye obli\u017ft bee\n For to Return, as ye haue \u017faid to me.\u201d\n Thus thei accord, the lady goith to re\u017ft,\n The \u017fone di\u017fcending clo\u017fit in the ve\u017ft; 972\n The ferd day was dewy\u017fit for to bee\n Betuex the o\u017ft{is} of the a\u017f\u017femblee.\n\n ++And galiot Richt arly by the day,\n Ayane the feld he can h{is} folk aray; 976\n [Sidenote: Galiot assembles 40,000 fresh men.]\n And fourty thou\u017fand armyt me{n} haith he,\n That war not at the othir a\u017f\u017femble,\n Co{m}mandit to the batell for to gon;\n \u201cAnd I my-\u017felf,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201c\u017fhal me di\u017fpone 980\n On to the feild a\u021daine the thrid day;\n Whar of this were we \u017fhal the end a\u017f\u017fay.\u201d\n\n [Sidenote: Arthur also provides his men for the field.]\n ++ANd arthur{is} folk that come one eu{er}y \u017fyd,\n He for the feld can them for to p{ro}uide, 984\n Wich ware to few a\u021daine the gret affere\n Of galiot \u021dit to \u017fu\u017ften the were.\n [Sidenote: The knights of Melyhalt join him.]\n The kny{ch}t{is} al out of the cete ro\u00df\n Of melyholt, and to the \u017femble gois. 988\n [Sidenote: The lady secretly provides Lancelot with a red courser,\n and a shield and spear, both red also.]\n And the lady haith, in to \u017facret wy\u00df,\n Gart for hir kny{ch}t and pre\u017fon{er} dewy\u00df\n In red al thing, that ganith for the were;\n His cur\u017feir red, \u017fo was boith \u017fcheld {and} \u017fpere. 992\n\n[Headnote: LANCELOT ENCOURAGES HIMSELF.]\n\n {And} he, to qwham the pre\u017fone hath ben \u017fmart,\n With glaid de\u017fir apone his cur\u017four \u017ftart;\n [Sidenote: He rides towards the field, and halts in a plain by the\n river-side.]\n Towart the feld anon he gan to ryd,\n And in o plan houit one reu{er} syde. 996\n This kny{ch}t, the wich that long haith ben i{n} cag,\n [Sidenote: Lancelot is encouraged, seeing the blithe morn, the mead,\n the river, the green woods, and the knights and banners.]\n He grew in to o fre\u017fch {and} new curage,\n Seing the morow bly{th}full and amen,\n The med, the Reuer, and the vodis gren, 1000\n The kny{ch}t{is} in [ther] armys them arayinge,\n The baner{is} ayaine the feld di\u017fplayng, [Fol. 13b.]\n His \u021douth in \u017ftrenth and in p{ro}\u017fperytee,\n And \u017fyne of lu\u017ft the gret aduer\u017fytee.[T24] 1004\n Thus in his tho{ch}t reme{m}bryng at the la\u017ft,\n [Sidenote: Casting his eyes aside, he sees the queen looking over\n a parapet.]\n Eft{er}ward one \u017fyd he gan his Ey to ca\u017ft,\n Whar our a bertes[T25] lying haith he sen\n Out to the feld luking was the qwen; 1008\n Sudandly with that his go\u017ft a\u017ftart\n [Sidenote: Love catches him by the heart.]\n Of loue anone haith caucht hyme by the hart;\n Than \u017faith he, \u201cHow long \u017fhall It be so,\n Loue, at yow \u017fhall wirk me al this wo? 1012\n Apone this wy\u00df to be Infortunat,\n Hir for to \u017f{er}ue the wich thei no thing wate\n What \u017fufferance I in hir wo endure,\n Nor of my wo, nor of myne aduenture? 1016\n And I wnworthy ame for to attane\n To hir p{rese}ns, nor dare I noght complane.\n [Sidenote: He counsels his heart to help itself at need,]\n Bot, hart, \u017fen at yow knawith \u017fhe is here,\n That of thi lyue and of thi deith is \u017ftere, 1020\n Now is thi tyme, now help thi-\u017felf at neid,\n And the dewod of eu{er}y point of dred,\n [Sidenote: to forego cowardice,]\n That cowardy be none In to the se\u00f1,\n Fore and yow do, yow knowis thi peyne, I weyn; 1024\n Yow art wnable eu{er} to attane\n To hir mercy, or cum be ony mayne.\n [Sidenote: and to deserve her thanks or die.]\n Tharfor y red hir thonk at yow di\u017f\u017ferue,\n Or in hir p{rese}ns lyk o kny{ch}t to \u017fterf.\u201d 1028\n\n [Footnote T24: May we read \u201cdiuer\u017fytee\u201d?]\n [Footnote T25: MS. \u201cabertes.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: THE RED KNIGHT\u2019S TRANCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Confused with a heavy thought,]\n With that confu\u017fit w{i}t{h} an hewy tho{ch}t,\n Wich ner his deith ful oft tyme haith hyme \u017fo{ch}t,\n Deuoydit was his sprit{is} and his go\u017ft,\n He wi\u017ft not of hyme-\u017felf nor of his o\u017ft; 1032\n [Sidenote: he [sits] on his horse as still as stone.]\n Bot one his hor\u00df, als \u017ftill as ony \u017fton.\n When that the kny{ch}t{is} armyt war ilkon,\n [Sidenote: The bugles are blown, and the knights are ready on\n horseback, 20,000 in number.]\n To warnnyng them vp goith the bludy \u017fown,\n And eu{er}y knyght vpone his hor\u00df is bown; 1036\n Twenty thou\u017fand armyt men of were.\n The king that day he wold non armys bere;\n His batell{is} ware devy\u017fit eu{er}ilkon,\n [Sidenote: They are forbidden to cross the fords, but cannot\n be restrained.]\n And them forbad out our the furd{is} to gon. 1040\n Bot frome that thei ther ennemys haith sen,\n In to \u017fuch wys thei cout{h} them noght \u017fu\u017fte\u00f1;\n Bot ovr thei went vithouten more delay, [Fol. 14.]\n And can them one that oy{er} sid a\u017f\u017fay. 1044\n [Sidenote: The red knight still halting by the ford, a herald\n seizes his bridle, and bids him awake.]\n The red kny{ch}t \u017ftill in to his hewy thoght\n Was hufyng \u021dit apone the furd, {and} noght\n Wi\u017ft of hime \u017felf; with that a harrold com,\n And \u017fone the kny{ch}t he be the brydill nom, 1048\n Saying, \u201cawalk! It is no tyme to \u017flep;\n Your wor\u017fchip more expedient vare to kep.\u201d\n No word he \u017fpak, \u017fo prikith hyme the \u017fmart\n Of hevynes, that \u017ftood vnto his hart. 1052\n [Sidenote: Two shrews next approach; one takes his shield off his\n neck,]\n Two \u017fcrewis cam with that, of quhich [that] o\u00f1\n The kny{ch}t{is} \u017fheld ry{ch}t frome his hals haith to\u00f1;\n [Sidenote: the other casts water at his ventayle, which causes him\n to wink, and arouse himself.]\n That vthir watt{er} takith atte la\u017ft,\n And in the kny{ch}t{is} wentail haith It ca\u017ft; 1056\n When that he felt the vatt{er} that vas cold,\n He wonk, and gan about hyme to behold,\n And thinkith how he \u017fum-quhat haith my\u017fgo\u00f1.\n With that his \u017fpere In to his hand haith ton, 1060\n [Sidenote: He goes to the field, and sees the first-conquest king.]\n Goith to the feild w{i}t{h}outen vordis more;\n So was he vare whare that there cam before,\n O manly man he was in to al thing,\n And clepit was the fer\u017ft-conquest king. 1064\n The Red kny{ch}t w{i}t{h} [the] \u017fpur{is} \u017fmat the \u017fted,\n The tother cam, that of hyme hath no drede;\n [Sidenote: They meet.]\n With fer\u00df curag ben the kny{ch}t{is} met,\n The king his \u017fpere apone the kny{ch}t hath set, 1068\n That al in peci\u00df flaw in to the felde;\n\n[Headnote: THE RED KNIGHT FIGHTS LIKE A LION.]\n\n [Sidenote: The red knight, though shieldless, overthrows his foe.]\n His hawbrek helpit, \u017fuppos he had no \u017fcheld.\n And he the king in to the \u017fcheld haith ton,\n That hor\u00df and man boith to the erd ar gon. 1072\n [Sidenote: The shrew restores his shield.]\n Than to the kny{ch}t he cu{m}myth, that haith tan\n His \u017fheld, to hyme deliu{er}ith It ayane,\n Be\u017fiching hyme that of his Ignorance,\n That knew hyme nat, as takith no grewance. 1076\n The kny{ch}t h{is} \u017fche[l]d but mor delay haith tak,\n And let hyme go, and no thing to hyme \u017fpak.\n Than thei the[T26] wich that \u017fo at erth haith \u017fen\n [Sidenote: The men of the first-conquest king come to the rescue.]\n Ther lord, the fer\u017ft-conque\u017ft king, y me\u00f1, 1080\n In hai\u017ft thei cam, as that thei var agrevit,\n And manfully thei haith ther king Releuit.\n\n [Footnote T26: MS. \u201cthei,\u201d altered to \u201cthee,\u201d which is still\n wrong.]\n\n [A]nd Arthuris folk, that lykith not to byde,\n In goith the spur{is} in the \u017fted{is} syde; 1084\n To-giddir thar a\u017f\u017femblit al the o\u017ft: [Fol. 14b.]\n At whois meting many o kny{ch}t was lo\u017ft.\n [Sidenote: The battle was right cruel to behold.]\n The batell was richt crewell to behold,\n Of kny{ch}t{is} wich that haith there lyvis \u021dolde. 1088\n One to the hart the \u017fpere goith throw the \u017fcheld,\n The kny{ch}t{is} gaping lyith in the feld.\n The red kny{ch}t, byrnyng in loues fyre,\n Goith to o kny{ch}t, als \u017fwift as ony vyre, 1092\n The wich he per\u017fit throuch {and} throuch the hart;\n [Sidenote: The red knight loses his spear, but draws his sword,\n and roams the field like a lion.]\n The \u017fpere is went; w{i}t{h} that anon he \u017ftart,\n And out o \u017fuerd in to his hond he tais;\n Lyk to o lyone in to the feld he gais, 1096\n In to his Rag \u017fmyting to and fro\n Fro \u017fum the arm, fro \u017fum the nek in two,\n Sum in the feild lying is in \u017fwou{n},\n [Sidenote: Some he cleaves to the belt.]\n And sum his \u017fuerd goith to the belt al dou\u00f1e. 1100\n For qwhen that he beholdith to the qwen,\n Who had ben thore his manhed to haue sen,\n His doing in to armys and his myght,\n Shwld \u017fay in world war not \u017fuch o wight. 1104\n [Sidenote: His fellows take comfort from his deeds,]\n His falou\u017fchip siche comfort of his dede\n Haith ton, that thei ther ennemys ne dreid;\n But can them-self ay manfoly conten\n In to the \u017ftour, that hard was to \u017fu\u017ften; 1108\n [Sidenote: though Galiot\u2019s host was a surpassing multitude.]\n For galyot was O pa\u017fing multitude\n Of prewit men in armys that war gude,\n The wich can w{i}t{h} o fre\u017fch curag a\u017f\u017faill\n Ther ennemys that day In to batell; 1112\n [Sidenote: Had it not been for the manhood of the red knight,\n Arthur\u2019s folk had been in peril.]\n That ne ware not the vor\u017fchip {and} manhede\n Of the red kny{ch}t, in p{er}ell and in dreid\n Arthur{is} folk had ben, vith-outen vere;\n Set thei var good, thei var of \u017fmal powere. 1116\n\n[Headnote: GAWANE BEHOLDS THE RED KNIGHT.]\n\n [Sidenote: Gawane is led to the parapet,]\n And gawan, wich gart bryng hyme-\u017felf befor\n To the bertes, set he was vondit sore,\n Whar the qwen vas, and whar that he my{ch}t see\n The manere of the o\u017ft and a\u017f\u017femble; 1120\n And when that he the gret manhed haith sen\n [Sidenote: and saith to the queen, that none ever did better than\n yon red knight.]\n Of the red kny{ch}t, he \u017faith one to the qwen,\n \u201cMadem, \u021done knyght in to the armys Rede,\n Nor neu{er} I hard nore \u017faw in to no \u017fted 1124\n O kny{ch}t, the wich that in to \u017fchortar \u017fpace\n In armys haith mor forton nore mor grace;\n Nore bettir doith boith with \u017fper and \u017fcheild,\n He is the hed and comfort of our feild.\u201d 1128 [Fol. 15.]\n [Sidenote: The queen prays for Lancelot.]\n \u201cNow, \u017f{ir}, I trai\u017ft that neu{er} more vas \u017fen\n No man in feild more knyghtly hyme {con}ten;\n I pray to hyme that eu{er}y thing hath cure,\n Saif hyme fro deth or wykit aduenture.\u201d 1132\n [Sidenote: The field was perilous on both sides,]\n The feild It was ry{ch}t p{er}ellus and \u017ftrong\n On boith the \u017fydis, and continewit long,\n [Sidenote: from early morn till the sun had gone down.]\n Ay from the \u017fone the varld{is} face gan licht\n Whill he was gone {and} cu{m}yne vas the nycht; 1136\n And than o for\u00df thei my{ch}t It not a\u017f\u017ftart,\n On eu{er}y \u017fyd behouit them depart.\n [Sidenote: Every knight then returns home, and the red knight\n privily goes back to the city.]\n The feild is don and ham goith eu{er}y kny{ch}t,\n And prevaly, unwi\u017ft of any wicht, 1140\n The way the red kny{ch}t to the cete taiis,\n As he had hecht, {and} in h{is} chambre gais.\n When arthure hard how the kny{ch}t Is gon,\n He blamyt \u017fore his lordis eu{er}ilk-one; 1144\n And oft he haith remembrit in his thoght,\n [Sidenote: Arthur, seeing the multitude of Galiot\u2019s men, recalls\n his dream, saying,]\n What multitud that galiot had broght;\n Seing his folk that ware so ewil arayt,\n In to his mynd he \u017ftondith al affrayt, 1148\n And \u017faith, \u201cI trai\u017ft ful \u017futh It \u017fal be founde\n My drem Richt as the clerk{is} gan expounde;\n [Sidenote: \u201cMy men now fail me at need.\u201d]\n For why my men fail\u021deis now at neid,\n My-\u017felf, my londe, in p{er}ell and in dreide.\u201d 1152\n\n[Headnote: GALIOT PROPOSES A TRUCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Galiot tells his council]\n And galiot vpone hie wor\u017fchip set,\n And his con\u017fell anon he gart be fet,\n To them he \u017faith, \u201cwith arthur weil \u021de see\n How that It \u017ftant, and to qwhat degre, 1156\n A\u021danis ws that he is no poware;\n [Sidenote: that there is no honour in conquering Arthur,]\n Wharfor, me think, no wor\u017fchip to ws ware\n In conqueryng of hyme, nor of his londe,\n He haith no \u017ftrenth, he may ws not vith\u017ftonde. 1160\n Wharfor, me think It be\u017ft is to delay,\n [Sidenote: and proposes a twelvemonth\u2019s truce.]\n And re\u017fput hyme for a tuelmo\u00f1eth day,\n Whill that he may a\u017f\u017femble al his myght;\n Than is mor wor\u017fchip a\u021danis hyme to ficht;\u201d 1164\n And thus concludit thoght hyme for the be\u017ft.\n The very kny{ch}t{is} pa\u017f\u017fing to there Re\u017ft;\n Of melyholt the ladeis kny{ch}t{is} ilkone\n Went home, and to hir p{rese}ns ar thei gon; 1168\n [Sidenote: The lady of Melyholt asks her knights who hath won\n most honour.]\n At qwhome ful \u017fone than gan \u017fcho to Inquere,\n And al the maner of the o\u017ft{is} till spere;\n How that It went, and in what man{er} wy\u00df,\n Who haith mo\u017ft wor\u017fchip, {and} who is mo\u017ft to pry\u00df? 1172\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} thei, \u201cO kny{ch}t was In the feild, [Fol. 15b.]\n [Sidenote: They reply, that a red knight had exceeded all others.]\n Of Red was al his armour and his \u017fheld,\n Whois manhed can al otheris to exced,\n May nan report in armys half his deid; 1176\n Ne wor his wor\u017fchip, \u017fhortly to conclud,\n Our folk of help had ben al de\u017ftitud.\n He haith the thonk, the vor\u017fchip in hyme lyis,\n That we the feld defendit in \u017fich wy\u00df.\u201d 1180\n [Sidenote: The lady wonders if her prisoner is meant.]\n The lady thane one to hir-\u017felf haith tho{ch}t,\n \u201cWhether Is \u021done my p{re}\u017fonar, ore noght?\n The \u017futhfa\u017ftne\u00df that \u017fhal y wit onon.\u201d\n When euery wight vn to ther Re\u017ft war gon, 1184\n\n[Headnote: THE LADY VISITS LANCELOT.]\n\n [Sidenote: She calls her cousin,]\n She clepith one hir cw\u017fynes ful nere\n Wich was to hir mo\u017ft \u017fpeciall and dere,\n And \u017faith to hir, \u201cqwheyar if yone bee\n Our pre\u017foner, my consell Is we see.\u201d 1188\n [Sidenote: who takes a torch, and they go to the stable,]\n With that the maden In hir hand hath ton\n O torche, and to the \u017ftabille ar thei gon;\n [Sidenote: and find his steed wounded.]\n And fond his \u017fted lying at the ground,\n Wich wery was, ywet w{i}t{h} mony wounde. 1192\n The maden \u017faith, \u201cvpone this hor\u00df is \u017fen,\n He in the place quhar strok{is} was hath be\u00f1;\n And \u021dhit the hor\u00df It is no{ch}t wich that hee\n Furt{h} w{i}t{h} hyme hade;\u201d--the lady \u017faid, \u201cp{er} dee, 1196\n He v\u017fyt haith mo hor\u00df than one or two;\n [Sidenote: Next they view his armour,]\n I red one to his armys at we go.\u201d\n Tharwith one to his armys ar thei went;\n [Sidenote: and find his hauberk rent, and his shield frushed all\n to naught.]\n Thei fond his helm, thei fond his hawbrek rent, 1200\n Thei fond his \u017fcheld was fru\u017fchit al to no{ch}t;\n At \u017fchort, his armour In sich wy\u00df vas vro{ch}t\n In eu{er}y place, that no thing was left haill,\n Nore neu{er} eft accordith to bataill. 1204\n [Sidenote: They think he has well used his armour.]\n Than \u017faith the lady to hir cu\u017fyne\u00df,\n \u201cWhat \u017fal we \u017fay, what of this mat{er} ge\u00df?\u201d\n \u201cMadem, I \u017fay, thei have no{ch}t ben abwsyt;\n He that them bur \u017fchortly he has them v\u017fyt.\u201d 1208\n \u201cThat may \u021de \u017fay, \u017fuppos the be\u017ft that lewis,\n Or mo\u017ft of wor\u017fchip in til armys prewis,\n Or \u021dhit haith ben in ony tyme befor\u00f1,\n Had them in feld in his ma\u017ft curag bor\u00f1.\u201d 1212\n [Sidenote: They next visit the knight himself,]\n \u201cNow,\u201d q{uo}d the lady, \u201cwill we pa\u00df, and see\n The kny{ch}t hyme-self, and ther the \u017fut{h} may we\n Knaw of this thing.\u201d Incontynent them[T27] boith [Fol. 16.]\n Thir ladeis vn to his chambre goith. 1216\n [Sidenote: who was now asleep.]\n The kny{ch}t al wery fallyng was on \u017flep;\n This maden pa\u017f\u017fith In, {and} takith kep.\n [Sidenote: The lady\u2019s cousin observes his breast and shoulders\n bloody, his face hurt, and his fists swollen.]\n Sche \u017fauch his bre\u017ft w{i}t{h} al his \u017fchowd{er}is bare,\n That bludy war and woundit her and thare; 1220\n His face was al to-hurt and al to-\u017fchent,\n His newis \u017fwellyng war and al to-Rent.\n Sche \u017fmylyt a lyt, and to hir lady \u017faid,\n \u201cIt \u017femyth weill this kny{ch}t hath ben a\u017f\u017faid.\u201d 1224\n\n [Footnote T27: \u201cthen\u201d (?).]\n\n[Headnote: THE LADY IS LOVE-SMITTEN.]\n\n [Sidenote: The lady next observes him,]\n The lady \u017fauch, and rewit in hir thoght\n The kny{ch}t{is} wor\u017fchip wich that he haith vroght.\n [Sidenote: and is smitten to the heart by the dart of love,]\n In hire Reme{m}brance loues fyre dart\n W{i}t{h} hot de\u017fyre hir \u017fmat one to the hart; 1228\n And then a quhill, w{i}t{h}-outen word{is} mo,\n In to hir mynd thinking to and fro,\n She \u017ftudeit \u017fo, and at the la\u017ft abraid\n [Sidenote: and prays her cousin to draw aside, while she kisses\n the knight.]\n Out of hir tho{ch}t, and \u017fudandly thus \u017faid, 1232\n \u201cW{i}t{h}-draw,\u201d q{uod} \u017fhe, \u201cone \u017fyd a lyt[T28] the lyght,\n Or that I pa\u00df that I may ky\u00df the knyght.\u201d\n\n [Footnote T28: MS. \u201calyt.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: HER COUSIN REPROVES HER.]\n\n [Sidenote: Her cousin reproves her,]\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, \u201cwhat is It at \u021de me\u00f1?\n Of hie wor\u017fchip our mekill have \u021de se\u00f1 1236\n So sone to be \u017fupp{ri}\u017fit w{i}t{h} o thoght.\n [Sidenote: lest the knight should awake.]\n What is It at \u021dhe think? p{re}\u017fwm \u021de noght\n That if yon kny{ch}t wil walkin, and p{er}\u017faif,\n He \u017fhal yarof no thing bot ewill con\u017faif; 1240\n In his entent Ruput yow therby\n The ablare to al ly{ch}tne\u00df and foly?\n And blam the more al vther{is} in h{is} mynd,\n If your gret wit in \u017fich de\u017fire he fynde?\u201d 1244\n [Sidenote: The lady replies.]\n \u201cNay,\u201d q{uod} the lady, \u201cno thing may I do\n For \u017fich o kny{ch}t may be defam me to.\u201d\n [Sidenote: Her cousin next argues the point;]\n \u201cMadem, I wot that for to loue yone kny{ch}t,\n Con\u017fidir his fame, his wor\u017fchip, and h{is} my{ch}t; 1248\n And to begyne as wor\u017fchip wil dewy\u00df,\n Syne he ayaine my{ch}t lowe yow one \u017fuch wy\u00df,\n And hold yow for his lady and his loue,\n It war to yow no maner of Reprwe. 1252\n [Sidenote: \u201cWhat if he loves another?\u201d]\n But quhat if he appelit be and thret\n His hart to lowe, and ellis whar y-\u017fet?\n And wel y wot, madem, if It be so,\n His hart hyme sal not \u017fuffir to loue two, 1256\n For noble hart wil have no dowbilne\u00df; [Fol. 16b.]\n If It be \u017fo, \u021dhe tyne yowr low, I ge\u00df;\n Than is your-\u017felf, than is your loue Refu\u017fit,\n Your fam is hurt, your gladne\u00df is conclu\u017fit. 1260\n My con\u017fell is, therfore, you to ab\u017ften\n Whill that to yow the werray Ry{ch}t be \u017fe\u00f1\n Of his entent, the wich ful \u017fon \u021dhe may\n Have knawlag, If yow lykith to a\u017f\u017fay.\u201d 1264\n [Sidenote: She persuades the lady to return to her chamber,\n without further delay.]\n So mokil to hir lady haith \u017fhe vroght\n That at that tyme \u017fhe haith Ret{ur}nyt h{ir} tho{ch}t,\n And to hir chambre went, w{i}t{h}outen more,\n Whar loue of new a\u017f\u017faith hir ful sore. 1268\n So well long thei \u017fpeking of the kny{ch}t,\n [Sidenote: Her cousin labours to expel her love for Lancelot from\n her thoughts, but her labour is in vain.]\n Hir cu\u017fynace hath don al at \u017fhe my{ch}t\n For to expel that thing out of hir tho{ch}t;\n It wil not be, hir labour Is for no{ch}t. 1272\n Now leif we hir In to hir newe\u017ft pan,\n And to arthur we wil retwrn aga\u00f1.\n\nEXPLICIT P{RI}M{US} LIBER, INCIPIT SECUND{US}.\n\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR\u2019S GREAT ANXIETY.]\n\n[BOOK II.]\n\n [Sidenote: Night.]\n ++The clowdy nyght, wndir whois ob\u017fcure\n The re\u017ft and quiet of euery criatur 1276\n Lyith \u017fauf, quhare the go\u017ft w{i}t{h} be\u017fyne\u00df\n Is occupiit, w{i}t{h} thoghtfull hewynes;\n And, for that tho{ch}t furth \u017fchewing vil h{is} my{ch}t,\n Go fare-wel re\u017ft and quiet of the ny{ch}t. 1280\n [Sidenote: Arthur cannot rest.]\n Artur, I meyne, to whome that re\u017ft is no{ch}t,\n But al the ny{ch}t \u017fuppri\u017fit is with tho{ch}t;\n In to his bed he turnyth to and fro,\n Remembryng the apperans of his wo, 1284\n That is to \u017fay, his deith, his confu\u017fioune,\n And of his realme the opin di\u017ftruccioune.\n That in his wit he can no thing p{ro}wide,\n Bot tak his forton thar for to abyd. 1288\n [Sidenote: The sun goeth up.]\n Vp goith the \u017fon, vp goith the hot morow;\n The thoghtful king al the ny{ch}t to \u017forow,\n That \u017fauch the day, vpone his feit he \u017ftart, [Fol. 17.]\n [Sidenote: Arthur goeth forth.]\n And furth he goith, di\u017ftrublit in his hart. 1292\n A quhill he walkith in his pen\u017fyf go\u017ft,\n [Sidenote: He hears that a clerk has arrived,]\n So was he ware thar cu{m}myne to the o\u017ft\n O clerk, with whome he was aqwynt befor,\n In to his tyme non bett{er} was y-bore; 1296\n Of qwhois com he gretly vas Reio\u017fit,\n For in to hyme \u017fum comfort he \u017fuppo\u017fit;\n [Sidenote: between whom and himself there was a hearty affection.]\n Betuex them was one hartly affeccioune.\n Non ord{er}is had he of Relegioune, 1300\n Fam{us} he was, and of gret excellence,\n [Sidenote: He was expert in the seven sciences,]\n And ry{ch}t exp{er}t in al the vij. \u017fcience;\n Contemplatif and cha\u017ft in gou{er}nance,\n [Sidenote: and was named Amytans.]\n And clepit was the mai\u017ft{er} amytans. 1304\n The king befor his pal\u021dou{n}e one the gren,\n That knew hyme well, {and} haith his cu{m}myn \u017fe\u00f1,\n [Sidenote: Arthur welcomes him.]\n Velcu{m}myt hyme, and maid hyme ry{ch}t gud chere,\n And he agan, agrewit as he were, 1308\n [Sidenote: He recks nothing of Arthur\u2019s salutation.]\n Saith, \u201cnothir of thi \u017falo\u017fing, nor the,\n Ne rak I no{ch}t, ne charg I no{ch}t,\u201d q{uo}d hee.\n [Sidenote: The king inquires what trespass he has committed.]\n Than q{uod} the king, \u201cmai\u017ft{er}, {and} for what why\n Ar \u021de agrewit? or quhat tre\u017f\u017fpas have I 1312\n Co{m}mytit, \u017fo that I \u017fhal yow di\u017fples?\u201d\n\n[Headnote: AMYTANS REPROVES ARTHUR.]\n\n [Sidenote: He replies, \u201cIt is not against me, but against thyself.]\n Quod he, \u201cno thing It is ayane myn e\u00df,\n But only {con}trare of thi-\u017felf alway;\n So fare the cour\u00df yow pa\u017f\u017fith of the way. 1316\n [Sidenote: Thy ship is almost drowned in the whirlpool.]\n Thi \u017fchip, that goth apone the \u017ftormy vall,\n Ney of thi careldis in the \u017fwelf it fall,\n Whar \u017fhe almo\u017ft is in the p{er}ell drent;\n That is to \u017fay, yow art \u017fo far my\u017fwent 1320\n Of wykitne\u00df vpone the vrechit dans,\n That yow art fallyng in the storng[T29] vengans\n [Sidenote: That is, God\u2019s wrath shall soon devour thee.]\n Of goddis wreth, that \u017fhal the \u017fon deuour;\n For of his \u017ftrok approchit now the hour 1324\n That boith thi Ringe, thi ceptre, {and} thi crov\u00f1,\n Frome hie e\u017ftat he \u017fmyting \u017fhal adoune.\n And that accordith well, for in thi tho{ch}t\n [Sidenote: Because thou knowest Him not, who set thee up in this\n high estate,]\n Yow knawith not hyme, the wich that haith the wro{ch}t, 1328\n And \u017fet the vp in to this hie e\u017ftat\n From powert; for, as the-\u017felwyne wat,\n It cu{m}myth al bot only of his myght,\n And not of the, nor of thi eld{er}is Richt 1332\n To the di\u017fcending, as in heritage,\n [Sidenote: though not begotten in spousage.]\n For yow was not byget in to spou\u017fag.\n Wharfor yow aucht his biding to ob\u017ferf, [Fol. 17b.]\n And at thy my{ch}t yow \u017fhuld hyme ple\u00df {and} \u017ferf; 1336\n That dois yow nat, for yow art \u017fo confu\u017f\u017fit\n With this fals warld, that thow haith hyme Refu\u017fit,\n And brokine haith his reul and ordynans,\n The wich to the he gave in gou{er}nans. 1340\n\n [Footnote T29: So in MS. Is it necessary to alter it to\n \u201cstrong\u201d?]\n\n[Headnote: THE TYRANNY OF KINGS.]\n\n [Sidenote: He made thee king,]\n He maid the king, he maid the gou{er}nour,\n He maid the \u017fo, and \u017fet in hie honour\n Of Realmys and of [diuer\u00df] peplis \u017fere;\n Eft{er} his loue thow \u017fhuld them Reul {and} \u017ftere, 1344\n And wnoppre\u017f\u017fit kep in to Iu\u017ftice,\n The wykit men and pwnyce for ther wice.\n Yow dois no thing, bot al in the {con}trare,\n [Sidenote: and thou sufferest thy people to fare ill.]\n And \u017fuffrith al thi puple to forfare; 1348\n Yow haith non Ey but one thyne awn delyt,\n Or quhat that ple\u017fing \u017fhall thyne appetyt.\n In the defalt of law and of Iu\u017ftice,\n Wndir thi hond is \u017fufferyt gret \u017fuppri\u00df 1352\n Of fadirle\u00df, and modirle\u00df al\u017fo,\n And wedwis ek \u017fu\u017ftenit mekill wo.\n [Sidenote: The poor are oppressed.]\n With gret my\u017fchef oppre\u017f\u017fit ar the pure;\n And thow art cau\u00df of al this hol Iniure, 1356\n Whar-of that god a raknyng \u017fal craf\n At the, and a \u017fore Raknyng \u017fal hafe;\n For thyne e\u017ftat is gewyne to Redre\u00df\n Thar ned, and kep them to ry{ch}twyne\u00df; 1360\n And thar is non that ther complant{is} her{is};\n The my{ch}ty folk, and ek the flattereris\n Ar cheif with the, and doith this oppre\u017f\u017fiou{n};\n [Sidenote: If they complain, it is their confusion.]\n If thai complen, It is ther confu\u017f\u017fiou{n}e. 1364\n And daniell \u017faith that who doith to the pure,\n Or fad{er}le\u00df, or modirle\u00df, EnIure,\n Or to the puple, that ilke to god doth hee;\n And al this harme \u017fu\u017ftenit Is throw the. 1368\n Yow \u017fufferith them, oppre\u017f\u017fith {and} anoyith;\n So yow art cau\u00df, throw the thei ar di\u017ftroyth;\n Than, at thi my{ch}t, god \u017fo di\u017ftroys yow.\n [Sidenote: What wilt thou do, when God destroys sinners off the\n visage of the earth?]\n What \u017fhal he do a\u021dane? quhat \u017fhal yow, 1372\n When he di\u017ftroys by vengance of his \u017fuerd\n The \u017fynar{is} fra the vysag{is} of the Erde?\n Than vtraly yow \u017fhall di\u017ftroyt bee;\n And that Richt weill apper{is} now of thee, 1376\n For yow allon byleft art \u017folitere;\n [Sidenote: Solomon saith, \u2018Wo to him who is left alone! He hath\n no help.\u2019]\n And the wy\u00df salamon can duclar,\n \u2018Wo be to hyme that is byleft alone,\n He haith no help;\u2019 so Is thi forton go\u00f1e; 1380 [Fol. 18.]\n For he is callit, w{i}t{h} quhom that god is no{ch}t,\n Allone; and \u017fo thi wykitne\u00df haith wro{ch}t\n That god hyme-\u017felf he is bycu{m}myn thi fo,\n [Sidenote: Thou hast lost thy people\u2019s hearts,]\n Thi pupleis hart{is} haith thow tynt al\u017fo; 1384\n Thi wykitne\u00df thus haith the maid alon,\n That of this erth thi fortone Is y-go\u00f1.\n Yow mone thi lyf, yow mone thi vor\u017fchip tyne,\n [Sidenote: and shalt come to death that hath no end.\u201d]\n And eft to deth that neu{er} \u017fhal haf fyne.\u201d 1388\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR ASKS ADVICE.]\n\n ++\u201cMaist{er},\u201d q{uo}d he, \u201cof yowre beneuolens,\n Y yow be\u017fech that tueching my{n} offens,\n \u021che wald wich\u017faif your con\u017fell to me If\n [Sidenote: Arthur asks how he shall amend,]\n How I \u017fal mend, and ek her-eftir leif.\u201d 1392\n \u201cNow,\u201d q{uo}d the mai\u017fter, \u201cand I have m{er}well qwhy\n Yow a\u017fkith con\u017fail, and wil in non affy,\n Nor wyrk thar-by; and \u021dhit yow may In tym,\n If yow lykith to amend the cryme.\u201d 1396\n \u201c\u021chis,\u201d \u017faith the king, \u201cand \u017futhfa\u017ftly I will\n [Sidenote: and promises to fulfil his bidding.]\n \u021cour ordynans in eu{er}y thing fulfyll.\u201d\n \u201cAnd if the li\u017ft at con\u017fail to abide,\n [Sidenote: The master replies, \u201cThou must first dread the Lord.]\n The remed of thi harme to p{ro}uyde-- 1400\n Fir\u017ft, the begyning is of \u017fapiens,\n To dreid the lord and his mag{ni}ficens;\n And what thow haith in contrar hyme ofendit,\n Whill yow haith my{ch}t, of fre de\u017fir amend it;[T30] 1404\n [Sidenote: Repent thy guilt.]\n Repent thi gilt, repent thi gret tre\u017fpa\u00df,\n And remembir one goddis richwy\u017fne\u00df;\n How for to hyme that wykitne\u00df anoyt,\n And how the way of \u017fynaris he di\u017ftroit; 1408\n And if ye lyk to ryng wnd{er} his pe\u00df,\n Ye wengans of his my{ch}ty hond yow \u017fe\u00df,\n This \u017fchalt yow do, if yow wil be p{er}fit.\n Fir\u017ft, mone yow be penitent and contrit 1412\n Of euery thing that tuechith thi con\u017fiens,\n Done of fre will, or \u021dhit of neglygens.\n [Sidenote: Thy need requireth full contrition.]\n Thi neid requirith ful contretioune,\n Princepaly with-out conclu\u017fioune; 1416\n With humble hart and go\u017ftly by\u017fyne\u00df,\n Syne \u017fhalt yow go deuotly the confe\u00df\n [Sidenote: Confess to some holy confessor.]\n Ther-of vnto \u017fum haly confe\u017f\u017four,\n That the wil con\u017fail tueching thin arour; 1420\n And to fulfill his will and ordynans,\n [Sidenote: Do penance, and amend all wrong.\u201d]\n In \u017fati\u017ffaccione and doing of penans,\n And to amend al wrang and al Iniure,\n By the ydone til euery Creature; 1424\n If yow can In to thi hart fynde, [Fol. 18b.]\n Contretioune well dege\u017ft In to thi mynd.\n Now go thi weie, for if it leful were,\n Confe\u017f\u017fioune to me, I \u017fhuld It here.\u201d 1428\n\n [Footnote T30: MS. \u201camendit.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR CONFESSES HIS SINS,]\n\n [Sidenote: Arthur tries to remember every sin done since his years\n of innocence,]\n ++Than arthur, Richt obedient {and} mek,\n In to his wit memoratyvecan \u017feik\n Of euery gilt wich that he can pens,\n Done frome he pa\u017f\u017fith the \u021der{is} of Innocens; 1432\n And as his mai\u017fter hyme commandit hade,\n [Sidenote: and made his confession with lamentable cheer.]\n He goith and his confe\u017f\u017fione haith he maad\n Richt deuotly with lementable chere;\n The man{er} wich quho lykith for to here 1436\n He may It fynd In to the holl romans,\n Of confe\u017f\u017fione o pa\u017fing c{er}cum\u017ftans.\n I can It not, I am no confe\u017f\u017four,\n My wyt haith ewill con\u017fat of that labour, 1440\n Quharof I wot I aucht repent me \u017fore.\n The king wich was confe\u017f\u017fit, what is more,\n Goith and til his mai\u017ft{er} tellith hee,\n How euery \u017fyne In to his awn degree 1444\n He shew, that mycht occuryng to his mynde.\n [Sidenote: \u201cLeftest thou aught behind,\u201d quoth the master, \u201cabout\n Ban, king of Albanak, and his disinherited wife?\u201d]\n \u201cNow,\u201d q{uo}d the mai\u017ftere, \u201cleft thow aght behynde\n Of albenak the vor\u017fchipful king ban,\n The wich that vas in to my \u017f{er}uice \u017flan, 1448\n And of his wif di\u017fheri\u017ft eft al\u017fo?\n Bot of ther \u017fone, the wich was them fro,\n Ne \u017fpek[T31] y not;\u201d--the king in his entent\n Aba\u017fyt was, and furt{h}w{i}t{h} is he went 1452\n [Sidenote: The king again confesses, and returns,]\n A\u021dane, and to his confe\u017f\u017four declarith;\n\n [Footnote T31: MS. apparently has \u201csrpek;\u201d but a comparison\n with line 1543 shews that the apparent _r_ is due to the meeting\n of two slight flourishes belonging to the _s_ and _p_.]\n\n[Headnote: AND AGAIN ASKS FOR ADVICE.]\n\n Syne to his mai\u017ft{er} he ayane Reparith,\n To quhome he \u017faith, \u201cI aftir my cu{n}yng\n Your ordinans fulfillit in al thing; 1456\n And now right hartly y be\u017feich and prey,\n \u021che wald w{i}t{h}\u017fchaif \u017fum thing to me \u017fay,\n [Sidenote: prays for comfort,]\n That may me comfort in my gret dreid,\n And how my men ar fal\u021det in my Neid, 1460\n [Sidenote: and inquires about his dream.]\n And of my dreme, the wich that is \u017fo dirk.\u201d\n [Sidenote: The master saith, \u201cIf thou art bound to work by my\n counsel,]\n This mai\u017ft{er} \u017faith, \u201cand thow art bound to virk\n [T32] ++AT my con\u017fail, and if yow has maad\n Thi confe\u017f\u017fione, as yow before hath \u017faid, 1464\n And in thi conciens thinkith p{er}\u017feuere,\n As I p{re}\u017fume that thow onon \u017fhalt here\n That god hyme-\u017felf \u017fhal \u017fo for y^e p{ro}uide,\n [Sidenote: thou shalt abide in thy kingdom.]\n Thow \u017fhal Remayne and In thi Ring abyd. 1468\n And why thi men ar fal\u021det At this nede, [Fol. 19.]\n At \u017fhort this is the cau\u00df, \u017fhalt yow no{ch}t dred,\n Fore thow to gode was frawart and p{er}wert;\n Thi ryngne and the he tho{ch}t for to \u017fubwart; 1472\n And yow \u017fal knaw na power may reci\u017ft,\n In contrar quhat god lykith to a\u017f\u017fi[\u017f]t.\n\n [Footnote T32: This line (though it should not) begins with an\n illuminated letter.]\n\n[Headnote: KINGS DERIVE THEIR POWER FROM GOD.]\n\n [Sidenote: Strength of victory cometh from God only.]\n The vertw nore the \u017ftrenth of victory\n It cu{m}myth not of man, bot an{er}ly 1476\n Of hyme, the wich haith eu{er}y \u017ftrinth; {and} than,\n If that the waiis ple\u017f\u017fit hyme of man,\n He \u017fhal have for\u00df a\u021dane his e{n}nemys.\n A-ryght agan apone the \u017famyne vy\u00df, 1480\n [Sidenote: Whoso displeases Him shall be subject to his enemies,\n as we read in the Bible concerning the Jews.]\n If he di\u017fple\u00df vn to the lord, he \u017fhall\n Be to his fais a \u017fubiet or a thrall,\n As that we may In to the bible red,\n Tueching the folk he tuk hyme-\u017felf to led 1484\n In to the lond, the wich he them byhicht.\n Ay when thei \u021dhed in to his ways Richt,\n Ther fois gon befor there \u017fuerd to no{ch}t;\n [Sidenote: When they wrought against Him, they were so full of\n fear that the sound of a falling leaf made a thousand flee.]\n And when that thei ayanis hyme hath vro{ch}t, 1488\n Thei war \u017fo full of radur and di\u017f\u017fpare,\n That of o leif fleing in the air,\n The \u017found of It haith gart o thou\u017fand tak\n At onys apone them-\u017felf the bak, 1492\n And al ther manhed vterly foryhet;\n Sich dreid the lord apone ther hart{is} set.\n So \u017fhalt yow know no powar may w{i}t{h}\u017ftond,\n Ther god hyme-\u017felf hath ton the cau\u00df on hond. 1496\n [Sidenote: Thine own offence is the reason why thy people fail\n thee.]\n And ye quhy \u017ftant in thyne awn offens,\n That al thi puple fal\u021dhet off defens.\n And \u017fum ar fal\u021deing magre ther entent;\n Thei ar to quhom thow yewyne hath thi rent, 1500\n Thi gret Reuard, thi riche\u00df and thi gold,\n And cheri\u017f\u017fith and held in thi hou\u017fhold.\n Bot the mo\u017ft p{ar}t ar fal\u021dheit the at wyll,\n [Sidenote: Thou hast shewn some of them unkindness,]\n To quhome yow haith wnkyndne\u00df \u017fchawin till; 1504\n Wrong and i{n}Iure, and ek defalt of law,\n And pwny\u017fing of qwhich that thei \u017ftand aw;\n And makith \u017f{er}uice but reward or fee,\n Syne haith no thonk bot fre{m}mytne\u00df of the. 1508\n Such folk to the cu{m}myth bot for dred,\n Not of fre hart the for to help at nede.\n And what awalith owthir \u017fheld or \u017fper,\n Or hor\u00df or armoure according for ye were, 1512\n Vith-outen man them for to \u017ftere and led? [Fol. 19b.]\n [Sidenote: and a man that wanteth heart is dead.]\n And man, yow wot, that vantith hart is ded,\n That in to armys \u017f{er}uith he of noght;\n A cowart oft ful mekil harm haith vroght. 1516\n In multitude nore \u021dhit in confluens\n Of \u017fich, is nowther manhed nore defens.\n [Sidenote: Thou hast so conducted thyself as to lose all thy\n people\u2019s hearts.]\n And \u017fo thow hath the rewlyt, that almo\u017ft\n Of al thi puple the hart{is} ben ylost; 1520\n And tynt richt throw thyne awn my\u017fgou{er}nans\n Of auerice and of thyne errogans.\n [Sidenote: What is a prince without honour?]\n What is o prince? quhat is o gou{er}noure\n W{i}t{h}outen fame of wor\u017fchip and honour? 1524\n What is his my{ch}t, \u017fuppos he be A lorde,\n If that his folk \u017fal no{ch}t to hyme accorde?\n [Sidenote: Can he by himself sustain his kingdom, by serving his\n own appetite?]\n May he his Rigne, may he his holl Empire\n Su\u017ften al only of his owne de\u017fyre, 1528\n In \u017ferwyng of his wrechit appetit\n Of awerice and of his awn delyt,\n And hald his men, wncheri\u017ft, in thraldome?\n [Sidenote: His oppression of his people consumes his high estate,\n and makes other kings war on them.]\n Nay! that \u017fhal \u017fone his hie e\u017ftat con\u017fome. 1532\n\n[Headnote: UNJUST KINGS ARE PUNISHED.]\n\n For many o kny{ch}t[T33] therby is broght ydoune,\n All vt{r}aly to ther confu\u017fioune;\n For oft it makith vther king{is} by\n To wer on them In tra\u017ft of victory; 1536\n And oft als throw his peple is di\u017ftroyth,\n That fyndith them agrewit or anoyth;\n [Sidenote: God also punishes their vices.\u201d]\n And god al\u017fo oft w{i}t{h} his awn \u017fwerd,\n Puny\u017fith ther wy\u017fis one this erd. 1540\n Thus falith not o king but gou{er}nans,\n Boith realme and he goith one to my\u017fchans.\u201d\n\n [Footnote T33: \u201cking\u201d (?).]\n\n[Headnote: A MESSAGE FROM GALIOT.]\n\n [Sidenote: Meanwhile, the king of a hundred knights and the\n first-conquest king come from Galiot,]\n ++AS thai war thus \u017fpeking of this thinge,\n Frome galiot cam two kny{ch}t{is} to the king; 1544\n That one the king of hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} was;\n That other to nome the fyrst-co{n}que\u017ft king[T34] has,\n At fir\u017ft that galyot conquerit of one.\n The n{er}e\u017ft way one to the king thei gon, 1548\n And vp he ro\u00df, as he that wel cout{h} do\n Honor, to quhome that It afferith to;\n And \u021dhit he wi\u017ft not at thei king{is} were;\n So them[T35] thei boith and vyt{h} ry{ch}t knyghtly cher 1552\n Reu{er}endly thei \u017falu\u017ft hyme, and thane\n [Sidenote: and the former delivers his message, to the effect that]\n The king of hund{er} knyght{is} he began\n And \u017faid hyme, \u201c\u017f{ir}, to \u021dow my lord ws \u017fende,\n Galiot, whilk bad ws \u017fay he wende, 1556 [Fol. 20.]\n That of this world the vorthie\u017ft king wor \u021dhe,\n Grete\u017ft of men and of awtoritee.\n\n [Footnote T34: MS. \u201ckinghe,\u201d a spelling due to confusion with\n \u201cknight.\u201d See l.\u00a01533.]\n\n[Headnote: A TRUCE PROPOSED AND ACCEPTED.]\n\n [Sidenote: Galiot wonders at the feebleness of Arthur\u2019s folk,]\n Wharof he has gret wond{er} that \u021dhe ar\n So feble cu{m}myne In to his contrare, 1560\n For to defend your cuntre {and} your londe,\n And knowith well \u021dhe may hyme no{ch}t w{i}t{h}\u017ftonde.\n Wharfor he thinkith no wor\u017fchip to conquere,\n Nore in the wer{is} more to p{er}\u017fyuere; 1564\n Con\u017fiddir yowr wakne\u00df and yowr Indegens,\n A\u021danis hyme as now to mak defens.\n [Sidenote: and is willing to grant a year\u2019s truce,]\n Wharfore, my lord haith grantit by vs here\n Trewis to yhow and re\u017fput for o \u021dhere, 1568\n [Sidenote: if Arthur will return to fight against him in a year\u2019s\n time;]\n If that yhow lykith by the \u021dher{is} \u017fpace\n For to retwrn ayane In to this place,\n Her to manteine yhour cuntre and w{i}t{h}\u017ftond\n Hyme w{i}t{h} the holl power of yhour lond. 1572\n And for the tyme the trewis \u017fhal endure,\n Yhour cuntre and yhour lond he will a\u017f\u017furre;\n And wit \u021dhe \u021dhit his powar is no{ch}t here.\n And als he bad ws \u017fay yhow by the yhere, 1576\n [Sidenote: and desires to have the red knight in his household.]\n The gud kny{ch}t wich that the Red armys bure\n And in the feild maid the di\u017fcumfiture,\n The whilk the flour of kny{ch}thed may be cold,\n He thinkith hyme to haue of his hou\u017fhold.\u201d 1580\n \u201cWell,\u201d q{uo}d the king, \u201cI have hard quhat yhe \u017fay,\n But if god will, and ek if that I may,\n In to \u017fich wy\u00df I think for to with\u017ftond,\n Yhour lord \u017fhall have no powar of my londe.\u201d 1584\n [Sidenote: Arthur rejoices at the truce,]\n Of this me\u017fag the king Reio\u017fing ha\u00df,\n And of the trewis wich that grantit was,\n Bot anoyt \u021dhit of the kny{ch}t was he,\n Wich thei awant to have in \u017fuch dogre. 1588\n Ther leif thei tuk; and when at thei war gon,\n [Sidenote: which the master attributes to God\u2019s providence, and\n exhorts him, saying,]\n [T36] ++This mai\u017ft{er} \u017faith, \u201chow lykith god di\u017fpone!\n\n [Footnote T35: \u201cthen\u201d (?).]\n [Footnote T36: The initial T is illuminated.]\n\n Now may yhow \u017fe {and} \u017futh is my recorde;\n For by hyme now is makith this accord; 1592\n And by non vthir worldly p{ro}videns,\n Sauf only grant of his bynewolans,\n To \u017fe if that the lykith to amend,\n And to p{ro}uid thi cuntre to defend. 1596\n Wharfor yow \u017fhalt in to thi lond home fair,\n And gowerne the as that I \u017fhall declaire.\n [Sidenote: \u201cFirst, serve God with humble heart, and let the wand\n of law pass through the land.]\n Fir\u017ft, thi god with humble hart yow \u017ferfe, [Fol. 20b.]\n And his comand at al thi my{ch}t ob\u017ferf; 1600\n And \u017fyne, lat pa\u00df the ilk ble\u017f\u017fit wonde\n Of lowe w{i}t{h} m{er}cy Iu\u017ftly throw thi londe;\n And y be\u017feich--to quhome yow \u017fal direke\n The rewle vpone, the wrang{is} to correk-- 1604\n That yow be no{ch}t in thi electioune blynde;\n For writin It Is and yow \u017fal trew It fynde.\n That, be thei for to thonk or ell{is} blame,\n And towart god thi p{ar}t \u017fhal be the \u017fam\u0305; 1608\n Of Ignorans \u017fhalt yow no{ch}t be excu\u017fit,\n Bot in ther werk{is} \u017forly be accu\u017fit,\n For thow \u017fhuld eu{er} che\u00df apone \u017fich wy\u00df\n [Sidenote: Thus shalt thou choose the ministers of justice.]\n The mi{ni}\u017fteris[T37] that rewll haith of Iustice:-- 1612\n\n[Headnote: HOW TO CHOOSE JUDGES.]\n\n Fir\u017ft, that he be de\u017fcret til wnd{er}\u017ftond\n And lowe and ek the mat{er} of the londe;\n And be of my{ch}t and ek Autoritee,\n (For puple ay {con}tempnith low degre,) 1616\n And that of trouth he folow furth the way;\n That is als mych as he louyth trewth alway,\n And haitith al them the wich \u017fal pas therfro.\n Syne, that he god dreid and lowe al-so. 1620\n [Sidenote: Avoid avaricious and wrathful men.]\n Of auerice be-war with the de\u017fyre,\n And of hyme full of ha\u017ftynes {and} fyre;\n Be-war thar-for of malice and de\u017fire,\n And hyme al\u017fo that lowith no medyre; 1624\n For al this abhomi{n}able was hold,\n When Iu\u017ftice was in to the tymis olde.\n For qwho that is of an of thir by-know,\n The le\u017ft of them \u017fubu{er}tith all the low, 1628\n And makith It w[n]Iustly[T38] to p{ro}cede;\n\n [Footnote T37: MS. \u201cm\u012b\u017fteris.\u201d]\n [Footnote T38: MS. \u201cw Iustly.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: KINGS MUST BE JUST AND TRUE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Eschew unfit men, for this shall be thy meed in the day\n of judgment.]\n E\u017fchew tharfor, for this \u017fal be thi meid\n Apone the day when al thing goith aright,\n Whar none excu\u00df hidyng \u017fchal ye lyght; 1632\n But he the Iug, that no man may \u017fu\u017f\u017fpek,\n Eu{er}y thing ful Iu\u017ftly \u017fal correk.\n Be-war thar-w{i}t{h}, as before have I told,\n And che\u00df them wy\u017fly that thi low \u017fhal hold. 1636\n And als I will that it well oft be sen,\n Richt to thi-self how thei thi low {con}ten;\n [Sidenote: Be diligent to inquire how judgment is given.]\n And how the Right, and how the dom is went,\n For to Inquer that yow be delygent. 1640\n And puny\u00df for, for o thing \u017fhal yow know, [Fol. 21.]\n The most tre\u017fpas is to \u017fubuert the low,\n So that yow be not in thar gilt accu\u017fit,\n And frome the froit of bli\u017f\u017fit folk refu\u017fit. 1644\n [Sidenote: Visit every chief town throughout the bounds of thy\n kingdom.]\n And pas yow \u017fhalt to euery chef toune,\n Throw-out the boundis of thi Regioune\n Whar yow \u017fall be, that Iu\u017ftice be Elyk\n With-out diui\u017fione baith to pur {and} ryk. 1648\n And that thi puple have [ane] awdiens\n W{i}t{h} thar complant{is}, and al\u017fo thi p{rese}ns;\n For qwho his eris frome the puple \u017ftekith,\n And not his hond in ther \u017fupport furth rekith, 1652\n His dom \u017fall be ful grewous & ful hard,\n When he \u017fal cry and he \u017fal no{ch}t be hard.\n [Sidenote: Give thine ears to the poor.]\n Wharfor thyne eris ifith to the pwre,\n Bot in redre\u00df of ned, & not of i{n}Iure; 1656\n Thus \u017fall thei don of Re\u017f\u017fone & knawlag.\n\n [Sidenote: Kings, while minors, may be excused; but, when\n of age, they must punish those that have wrested justice.]\n ++But king{is} when thei ben of tend{er} ag,\n Y wil not \u017fay I tra\u017ft thei ben excu\u017fit,\n Bot \u017fchortly thei \u017fall be \u017far accu\u017fit, 1660\n When \u017fo thei cum to yheris of Re\u017fone,\n If thei tak not full contri\u017fioune,\n And pwny\u00df them that hath ther low my\u017fgyit.\n That this is trouth it may not be denyit; 1664\n For vther ways thei \u017fal them not di\u017fcharg,\n [Excep thei pwny\u00df them that have the charg][T39]\n One e\u017ftatis of ther realm, that \u017fhold\n W{i}t{h}-in his \u021douth \u017fe that his low be hold.[T40] 1668\n [Sidenote: Temper justice with mercy.]\n And thus thow the, w{i}t{h} mercy, kep alway\n Of Iu\u017ftice furt{h} the ilk ble\u017f\u017fit way.\n\n [Footnote T39: A blank space here occurs, just sufficient to\n contain one line.]\n [Footnote T40: MS. \u201cbehold.\u201d]\n\n [Sidenote: Be true and stable in thy words.]\n ++And of thi wordis beis trew and \u017ftable,\n Spek not to mych, nore be not vareable. 1672\n O king{is} word \u017fhuld be o king{is} bonde,\n And \u017faid It is, a king{is} word \u017fhuld \u017ftond;\n O king{is} word, among our fad{er}is old,\n Al-out more p{re}cious & more \u017fur was hold 1676\n Than was the oth or \u017feel of any wight;\n [Sidenote: A king should be the very light of truth.]\n O king of trouth \u017fuld be the werray lyght,\n So treuth and Iu\u017ftice to o king accordyth.\n And als, as thir clerk{is} old recordith, 1680\n [T41] ++In tyme is larges and humilitee\n Right well according vnto hie dugre,\n And ple\u017f\u017fith boith to god and man al-so;\n Wharfor I wil, in{con}tine{n}t thow go, 1684 [Fol. 21b.]\n And of thi lond in euery p{ar}t abide,\n Whar yow gar fet and clep one eu{er}y \u017fid\n Out of thi cuntreis, and ek out of thi tovnis,\n [Sidenote: Invite thy dukes, earls, great barons, thy poor knights,\n and thy bachelors, and welcome them severally.]\n Thi duk{is}, erlis, and thi gret baronis, 1688\n Thi pur kny{ch}t{is}, and thi bach[e]ler{is},\n And them re\u017fauf als hartly as afferis,\n And be them-\u017felf yow welcum them ilkon:\n Syne, them to glaid and cheris, thee di\u017fpone 1692\n With fe\u017fting and with humyll {con}tynans.\n\n [Footnote T41: The initial I is illuminated; rather because\n there is here a change of subject than because it begins a new\n sentence.]\n\n[Headnote: KINGS SHOULD CHERISH ALL MEN.]\n\n Be not pen\u017fyve, nore proud in arrogans,\n [Sidenote: Keep company not with the rich man only, but with the\n poor worthy man also.]\n Bot w{i}t{h} them hold in gladnes cumpany;\n Not with the Rich nor myghty an{er}ly, 1696\n Bot with the pure worthi man al\u017fo,\n W{i}t{h} them thow \u017fit, w{i}t{h} them yow ryd and go.\n I \u017fay not to be our fameliar,\n For, as the mo\u017ft philo\u017fephur can duclar, 1700\n [Sidenote: Yet remember that familiarity breeds contempt.]\n To mych to oy\u00df familiaritee\n Contempnyng bryngith one to hie dugre;\n Bot cherice them w{i}t{h} wordis fair depay{n}t,\n So with thi pupelle \u017fal yow the aquay{n}t. 1704\n [Sidenote: Choose out of each district an aged knight to be thy\n counsellor.]\n Than of ilk cuntre wy\u017fly yow enquere\n An agit kny{ch}t to be thi con\u017fulere,\n That haith ben hold in armys Richt fam{us},\n Wy\u00df and di\u017fcret, & no thing Inwy{us}; 1708\n For there is non that knowith \u017fo wel, I-wy\u00df,\n O worthy man as he that worthi Is.\n\n[Headnote: KINGS MUST BE LIBERAL.]\n\n [Sidenote: When thou hast sojourned long in a place, then provide\n thee with plenty of horses, armour, gold, silver, and clothing;]\n When well long haith yow \u017fwiornyt i{n} a place,\n And well acqueynt the v{i}t{h} thi puple has, 1712\n Than \u017fhalt thow ordand & p{ro}wid the\n Of hor\u00df and ek of armour gret plente;\n Of gold, and \u017filu{er}, tressore, and cleithing,\n And euery Riches that lo{n}gith to o king; 1716\n [Sidenote: and, before leaving, distribute gifts liberally.]\n And when the lykith for to tak thi leif,\n By large\u00df thus yow thi reward geif,\n First to the pure worthy honorable,\n That is til armys and til ma{n}hed able; 1720\n (Set he be pur, \u021dhit wor\u017fchip in hyme bidith);\n [Sidenote: Give to the poor worthy man the horse thou thyself\n ridest.]\n If hyme the hor\u00df one wich thi-\u017felwyne Ridith,\n And bid hyme that he Rid hyme for yhour \u017fak;\n Syne til hyme gold and \u017filu{er} yow betak; 1724\n The hor\u00df to hyme for wor\u017fchip and prowes,\n The tre\u017for for his fredome and larges.\n If mo\u017ft of Riches and of Cheri\u017fing; [Fol. 22a.]\n Eftir this gud kny{ch}t berith vitne\u017fing. 1728\n [Sidenote: Give to thy tenants and vavasours easy hackneys,\n palfries, and coursers.]\n Syne to thi te{n}nand{is} & to thi wawa\u017fouris\n If e\u017f\u017fy haknays, palfrais, and cur\u017fouris,\n And robis \u017fich as ple\u017fand ben and fair;\n Syne to thi lord{is}, wich at my{ch}ty aire, 1732\n [Sidenote: Give to thy lords things strange and uncouth.]\n As duk{is}, erlis, princ{is}, and ek king{is},\n Yow if them \u017ftrang, yow if them vncout{h} thing{is},\n As diu{er}\u00df iowell{is}, and ek p{re}ciou\u00df \u017ftonis,\n Or halk{is}, hundis, ordinit for the nonis, 1736\n Or wantone hor\u00df that can no{ch}t \u017ftand in \u017ft\u0101ble;\n Thar gift{is} mot be fair and delitable.\n Thus, fir\u017ft vn to the vorthi pur yow if\n Giftis, that may ther pouerte Releif; 1740\n And to the rich ift{is} of ple\u017fans,\n That thei be fair, \u017fet no{ch}t of gret \u017fub\u017ftans;\n For riches a\u017fkith no thing bot delyt,\n And powert haith ay ane appetyt 1744\n For to support ther ned and Indigens:\n Thus \u017fhall yow if and makith thi di\u017fpens.\n [Sidenote: So, too, shall the queen give to maidens and ladies,]\n And ek the quen, my lady, \u017fhalt al\u017fo\n To madenis and to ladeis, quhar \u021dhe go, 1748\n If, and cheri\u00df one the \u017famyne wy\u00df;\n [Sidenote: for all thy welfare lies in liberality.]\n For in to large\u00df al thi welfar lyis.\n And if thy gift{is} with \u017fich {con}tinans\n That thei be \u017fen ay gifyne v{i}t{h} ple\u017fans; 1752\n The wy\u00df man \u017fais, and \u017futh it is app{ro}uit,\n Thar is no thonk, thar is no ift alowit,\n Bot It be ifyne In to \u017fich manere,\n [Sidenote: Remember that the giver should be as glad in his cheer\n as the receiver.]\n (That is to \u017fay, als glaid i{n} to his chere), 1756\n As he the wich the ift of hyme Re\u017fauith;\n And do he not, the gifar is di\u017f\u017fauith.\n\n[Headnote: LIBERAL KINGS ARE LOVED IN LIFE,]\n\n For who that iff{is}, as he not if wald,\n Mor p{ro}fit war his ift for to w{i}t{h}-hald; 1760\n His thonk he tynith, and his ift al\u017fo.\n Bot that thow ifith, if w{i}t{h} boith two,\n [Sidenote: Give with both hand and heart at once;]\n That is to \u017fay, vith hart and hand atonis;\n And \u017fo the wy\u017fman ay ye ift di\u017fponis. 1764\n Beith larg and iff{is} frely of thi thing;\n [Sidenote: for liberality is the treasure of a king.]\n For large\u00df is the tre\u017four of o king,\n And not this other Iowell{is} nor this gold\n That is in to thi tre\u017fory with-holde. 1768\n Who gladly iffith, be vertew of larges [Fol. 22b.]\n [Sidenote: Whoso gives liberally, his treasury increases.]\n His tre\u017fory encre\u017fis of Riche\u017f\u00df,\n And \u017fal a\u021da\u00f1e the mor al-out re\u017fawe.\n [Sidenote: For the receiver shall place his goods at the king\u2019s\n disposal,]\n For he to quhome he \u021dewith \u017fall hawe, 1772\n Fir\u017ft his body, \u017fyne his hart with two,\n His gudis al for to di\u017fpone also\n [Sidenote: who shall gain, moreover, both worship and praise.]\n In his \u017f{er}uice; and mor atour he \u017fhall\n Have O thing, and that is be\u017ft of all; 1776\n That is to \u017fay, the wor\u017fchip and the lo\u00df\n That vpone larges in this world furth go\u00df.\n And yow \u017fhal knaw the lawbour & the pre\u00df\n In to this erth about the gret Riche\u00df. 1780\n [Sidenote: Is there any labour except for meat and clothing?\n All the remnant is for fame.]\n Is ony, bot[T42] apone the cau\u00df we see\n Of met, of cloth, & of p{ro}\u017fperitee?\n All the remanant \u017ftant apone the name\n Of purches, furth apone this world{is} fame. 1784\n And well yow wot, in thyne allegians\n Ful many Is, the wich haith \u017fufficians\n Of euery thing that longith to ther ned; 1787\n What haith yow more, qwich [haith] them al to lede,\n For al thi Realmys and thi gret Riches,\n If that yow lak of wor\u017fchip the encre\u00df?\n Well le\u00df, al-out; for eft{er} thar e\u017ftate\n Thei have vor\u017fchip, and kepith It al-gat; 1792\n And yow degradith al thyne hie dugree,\n That \u017fo \u017fchuld \u017fhyne In to nobelitee,\n Throuch wys and throw the wrechitne\u00df of hart.\n\n [Footnote T42: MS. \u201cIs ony bout bot;\u201d \u201cbout\u201d being defaced.]\n\n[Headnote: AND COMMENDED AFTER DEATH.]\n\n [Sidenote: Knowest thou not what shall be thy part, when thou\n passest away from this world?]\n And knowis yow not what \u017fall be[T43] thi part, 1796\n Out of this world when yow \u017fal pa\u00df the cour\u00df?\n Fair well, I-wy\u00df! yow neu{er} \u017fhall Recour\u00df\n Whar no prince more \u017fhall the subiet[T44] have,\n But be als dep in to the erd y-grave, 1800\n [Sidenote: Virtue and honour will alone remain.]\n Sauf vertew only and wor\u017fchip wich abidith;\n W{i}t{h} them the world apone the laif dewidith;\n [Sidenote: And if thy successor be liberal, he will be commended\n of the world;]\n And if he, wich \u017fhal eftir the \u017fucced,\n By larges \u017fpend, of quhich that yhow had dreid, 1804\n He of the world comendit is and pri\u017fit,\n And yow \u017ftant furth of euery thing di\u017fpi\u017fit;\n The puple \u017faith and demyth thus of thee,\n \u201cNow is he gone, a werray vrech was hee, 1808\n And he the wich that is our king and lord\n Boith wertew haith & larges in accorde;\n Welcum be he!\u201d and \u017fo the puple \u017foundith.\n Thus through thi vi\u00df his wertew mor aboundith, 1812 [Fol. 23a.]\n [Sidenote: and his virtue will abound through thy vice.]\n And his vertew the more thi wice furth \u017fchawith.\n Wharfor \u021dhe, wich that princes ben y-knawith,\n Lat not yhour vrechit hart so yhow dant,\n That he that cu{m}myth next yhow may awant 1816\n To be mor larg, nore more to be co{m}mendit;\n\n [Footnote T43: MS. has \u201cby.\u201d]\n [Footnote T44: MS. has \u201csubei^et.\u201d] [[superscript e only]]\n\n[Headnote: LIBERAL KINGS WIN SUBJECTS,]\n\n [Sidenote: Riches well spent are the best kept.]\n Best kepit Is the Riches well di\u017fpendit.\n O \u021dhe, the wich that king{is} ben, fore \u017fham\n Remembrith yhow, this world hath bot o naam\u0305 1820\n Of good or ewill, eft{er} \u021dhe ar gone!\n And wy\u017fly tharfor che\u017f\u017fith yhow the to\u00f1\n Wich mo\u017ft accordith to nobilitee,\n And knytith larges to yhour hie degre. 1824\n For qwhar that fredome In O p{ri}nce Ri{n}gnis,\n It bryngith In the victory of king{is},\n And makith realmys and puple boith to dout,\n And \u017fubect{is}[T45] of the cuntre al about. 1828\n [Sidenote: Whoso will be a conqueror, let him not reck to give\n largely.]\n And qwho that thinkith ben o co{n}querour,\n Suppos his large\u00df \u017fumquhat pas my\u017four,\n Ne rak he nat, bot frely iffith ay;\n And as he wynyth, beis var al-way 1832\n To mych nor \u021dhit to gredy that he hold,\n Wich \u017fal the hart{is} of the puple colde.\n [Sidenote: Both love and fear spring from liberality.]\n And low and radour cu{m}myth boith two\n Of larges; Reid and \u021dhe \u017fal fynd It \u017fo. 1836\n Alex{ander} this lord the warld that wan,\n Fir\u017ft w{i}t{h} the \u017fuerd of larges he began,\n [Sidenote: Alexander gave so liberally,]\n And as he wynith ifith largely,\n He rakith No thing bot of cheuelry; 1840\n Wharfor of hyme \u017fo pa\u017f\u017fith the Renown,\n [Sidenote: that many cities desired to have such a lord,]\n That many o cetee, and many o \u017ftrang tow\u00f1\n Of his wor\u017fchip that herith the Recorde,\n Di\u017f\u017firith \u017fo to haveing \u017fich o lorde; 1844\n [Sidenote: and offered themselves peaceably to him, though they\n were manly men of war.]\n And offerith them w{i}t{h}-outen \u017ftrok of \u017fpere,\n Suppos that thei war manly men of were,\n But only for his gentille\u00df that thei\n Have hard; and \u017fo he louit was al-way 1848\n For his larges, humilitee, and manhed,\n W{i}t{h} his awn folk, that neu{er}more, we Reid,\n For al his weris nor his gret trawell, [Fol. 23b.]\n In al his tym that thei hyme onys faill; 1852\n Bot in his wor\u017fchip al thar be\u017fynes\n Thei \u017fet, and lewith in to no di\u017ftres;\n Whar-throw the \u017fuerd of victory he berith.\n\n [Footnote T45: Or \u201csubett{is}.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: BUT UNJUST ONES DESPOIL THEM.]\n\n [Sidenote: Many princes bear the palm of victory, through\n liberality;]\n And many prince full oft the palm werith, 1856\n As has ben hard, by large\u00df, of before,\n In conqueringe of Rignis & of glore.\n [Sidenote: while miserliness hath made realms desolate.]\n And wrechitnes Richt \u017fo, in the contrar,\n Haith Realmys maid ful de\u017folat & bare, 1860\n And king{is} broght doun from ful hie e\u017ftat;\n And who that Red ther old buk{is}, wat\n The vicis lef, the wertew have in mynde,\n And takith larges In his awn kynd; 1864\n [Sidenote: Choose the mean between prodigality and avarice.]\n A-myd \u017ftanding of the vicis two,\n Prodegalitee and awerice al\u017fo.\n Wharfor her-of It nedith not to more,\n So mych ther-of haith clerk{is} vrit to-fore. 1868\n [Sidenote: Whoso chooses to be liberal,]\n Bot who the wertw of larges & the law\n Sal che\u00df, mot ned con\u017fidir well & knaw\n [Sidenote: must understand three things: the _amount he has_,\n to _whom_ he giveth, and the _fit time_ for giving.]\n In to hyme-\u017felf, and thir thre wnd{er}\u017ftande,\n The \u017fub\u017ftans fir\u017ft, the powar of his land, 1872\n Whome to he iffith, and the cau\u00df wharfore,\n The nedful tyme awatith eu{er}more.\n Kepith thir thre; for qwho that \u017fal exced\n His rent, he fallith \u017fodandly in nede. 1876\n [Sidenote: (1) The king that becomes _indigent_ overthrows his\n subjects.]\n And \u017fo the king, that on to my\u017ft{er} drowis,\n His subiett{is} and his puple he our-thrawis,\n And them di\u017fpol\u021deith boith of lond and Rent;\n So is the king, \u017fo is the puple \u017fchent. 1880\n [Sidenote: For the voice of the oppressed shrieketh up ceaselessly\n to heaven;]\n For-quhi the woice It \u017fcrik[i]th vp ful ewyne\n W{i}t{h}-out abaid, and pa\u017f\u017fith to the hewyne,\n Whar god hyme-\u017felf re\u017fauith ther the crye\n Of the oppre\u017fioune and the teranny, 1884\n [Sidenote: and God smiteth down with the sword of vengeance.]\n And vith the \u017fuerd of wengans dou{n} y-\u017fmytith,\n The wich that caruith al to \u017for, and bitith,\n And hyme di\u017ftroyth, as has ben hard or this\n Of euery king that wirkith \u017fich o mys. 1888\n For ther is few e\u017fchapith them, It \u017fall\n [Sidenote: For God hath given the king the wand of justice:]\n Boith vpone hyme & his \u017fucce\u017f\u017fione fall;\n For he for\u017futh haith ifyne hyme the wond\n To Iu\u017ftefy and Reull in pece his lond, 1892 [Fol. 24a.]\n The puple all \u017fubmytit to his cure;\n And he a\u021dan one to no creatur\n Save only \u017fhall vn to his gode obey.\n\n[Headnote: BEWARE OF INJUSTICE AND FLATTERY.]\n\n And if he pa\u017f\u017fith \u017fo far out of the wey, 1896\n [Sidenote: and if he oppresses them whom he should rule,]\n Them to oppre\u00df, that he \u017fhuld reul & gid,\n Ther heritag, there gwdis to dewide,\n Ye, wnd{er} whome that he mo\u017ft nedis \u017ftond,\n [Sidenote: God shall stretch His mighty hand for correction.]\n At correccioune \u017fal \u017ftrek his my{ch}ty hond, 1900\n Not euery day, bot \u017fhal at onys fall\n On hyme, mayhap, and his \u017fucce\u017fcione all.\n [Sidenote: Herein, alas! is the blindness of kings.]\n In this, allace! the blynd{is} of the king{is},\n And Is the fall of princ{is} and of Rygnis. 1904\n The mo\u017ft wertew, the gret Intellegens,\n [Sidenote: The blessed token of a king\u2019s wisdom is for him to\n restrain his hand from his people\u2019s riches.]\n The ble\u017f\u017fit tokyne of wy\u017fdom and prudens\n I\u017f\u00df, in o king, for to re\u017ftren his honde\n Frome his pupleis Riches & ther lond. 1908\n Mot euery king have this wice i{n} mynd\n In tyme, and not when that he ned fynde!\n And in thi larges beith war, I pray,\n [Sidenote: (2) Choose a _fitting time_.]\n Of nedful tyme, for than is be\u017ft alway. 1912\n [Sidenote: (3) Take care _to whom_ you give.]\n Awy\u00df the ek quhome to that thow \u017falt if,\n Of there fam, and ek how that thei leif;\n [Sidenote: Let not the virtuous and the vicious stand in the same\n degree.]\n And of the wertws and wicious folk al\u017fo,\n I the be\u017feich dewidith well thir two, 1916\n So that thei \u017ftond no{ch}t in[to] o degree;\n Di\u017fcreccioune \u017fall mak the diu{er}\u017fitee,\n Wich clepith the mod{er} of al vertewis.\n\n[Headnote: FLATTERERS SUCCEED WHEN KINGS ARE FOOLISH.]\n\n [Sidenote: Beware of flattery.]\n And beith war, I the be\u017feich of this, 1920\n That is to \u017fay of flatry, wich that longith\n To court, and al the king{is} larges fongith.\n The vertuou\u00df man no thing thar-of re\u017fauith,\n The flatterer{is} now \u017fo the king di\u017f\u017fauith 1924\n And blyndith them that wot no thing, I-wy\u00df,\n When thei do well, or quhen thei do o my\u00df;\n And latith king{is} oft til wnd{er}\u017ftonde\n Thar vicis, and ek ye falt{is} of ther lond. 1928\n In to the realme about o king Is holde\n [Sidenote: A flatterer is worse than a storm or a pestilence.]\n O flatterere were than is the \u017ftormys cold,\n Or pe\u017ftelens, and mor the realme anoyith;\n For he the law and puple boith di\u017ftroyith. 1932\n [Sidenote: Three things make flatterers in favour.]\n And in to principall ben ther three thing{is}, [Fol. 24b.]\n That cau\u017f\u017fith flattereris \u017ftonding w{i}t{h} the king{is};\n [Sidenote: First, the blind ignorance of kings.]\n And on, It is the blyndit Ignorans\n Of king{is}, wich that hath no gou{er}nans 1936\n To wnd{er}\u017ftond who doith \u017fich o my\u00df;\n But who that fare\u017ft \u017fchewith hym, I-wy\u00df,\n Mo\u017ft \u017fuffi\u017fith and be\u017ft to his ple\u017fans.\n Wo to the realme that havith \u017fich o chans! 1940\n [Sidenote: Secondly, where a king is vicious himself.]\n And \u017fecundly, quhar that o king Is\n Weciu\u00df hyme-\u017felf, he cheri\u017f\u017fith, ywys,\n Al them the wich that one to vicis \u017foundith,\n Whar-throw that vicis and flattery ek aboundith. 1944\n [Sidenote: Thirdly, where the king is so foolish, that he knows\n their flattery, yet withdraws from reproving them.]\n The thrid, is the ilk \u017fchrewit harrmful wice,\n Wich makith o king w{i}t{h}in hyme-\u017felf \u017fo nyce,\n That al thar flattry and ther gilt he knowith\n In to his wit, and \u021dhit he hyme w{i}t{h}-drowith 1948\n Them to repref, and of ther vicis he wot;\n And this It is wich that di\u017f\u017femblyng hot,\n That in no way accordith for o king.\n Is he not \u017fet abuf apone his Ri{n}gne, 1952\n As \u017fou{er}ane his puple for to lede?\n [Sidenote: Why should a king spare to say the truth?]\n Whi \u017fchuld he \u017fpare, or quhom of \u017fchuld he dred\n To \u017fay the treuth, as he of Right is hold?\n And if \u017fo ware that al the king{is} wold, 1956\n When that his leg{is} comytit ony wyce,\n As beith not to \u017fchamful, nore to nyce,\n That thei pre\u017fume that he is negligent,\n [Sidenote: He should reprove without dissembling, as it is fitting.]\n But als far as he thinkith that thei my\u00df-went, 1960\n But di\u017f\u017femblyng reprewith as afferis;\n And pwnice them quhar pwny\u017fing Requeris,\n Sauf only m{er}cy in the tyme of ned.\n And \u017fo o king he \u017fchuld his puple led, 1964\n That no tre\u017fpa\u00df, that cu{m}myth in his way,\n Shuld pa\u00df his hond wne-pwni\u017ft away;\n Nore no good deid in to the \u017famyn degree,\n Nore no wertew, \u017fuld wn-Reuardid bee. 1968\n [Sidenote: Then flattery, that now is high, should be low.]\n Than flattry \u017fhuld, that now is he, be low,\n And wice from the king{is} court w{i}t{h}-drow;\n His mini\u017ft{er}is that \u017fhuld the Iu\u017ftice reull,\n Shuld kep well furt{h} of quiet & reull, 1972\n That now, god wat, as It con\u017ferwit Is,\n The \u017ftere is lo\u017ft, and al is gon amys;\n And vertew \u017fhuld hame to the court hyme dre\u00df, [Fol. 25a.]\n That exillith goith in to the wild{er}nes. 1976\n\n[Headnote: WISE KINGS MAKE A WISE PEOPLE.]\n\n [Sidenote: If a king thus stood like his own degree, his people\n would be virtuous and wise.]\n Thus if o king \u017ftud lyk his awn degree,\n Wertwis and wy\u00df than \u017fhuld his puple bee,\n Only \u017fet by vertew hyme to ple\u00df,\n And \u017fore adred his wi\u017fdom to di\u017fple\u00df. 1980\n And if that he towart the vicis draw,\n His folk \u017fall go on to that ilk law;\n What \u017fhal hyme ple\u00df that wil no{ch}t ell{is} fynd,\n Bot ther-apon \u017fetith al ther mynde. 1984\n [Sidenote: Thus the rule of his people and kingdom standeth only\n in the king\u2019s virtue.]\n Thus only in the wertew of o king\n The reull \u017ftant of his puple & his ringne,\n If he be wy\u00df and, but di\u017f\u017femblyng, \u017fchewis,\n As I have \u017faid, the vicis one to \u017fchrewis. 1988\n And \u017fo thus, \u017f{ir}, It \u017ftant apone thi will\n For to omend thi puple, or to \u017fpill;\n Or have thi court of vertewis folk, or fullis;\n [Sidenote: Since thou art wholly master of the schools, teach them,\n and they shall gladly learn.\u201d]\n Sen yow art holl mai\u017ft{er} of the \u017fcoullis 1992\n Teichith them, and thei \u017fal gladly leir,\n That is to \u017fay, that thei may no thing heir[T46]\n Sauf only wertew towart thyn e\u017ftat;\n And cheri\u00df them that wertews ben algait. 1996\n And thinkith what that wertew is to thee;\n It ple\u017f\u017fith god, vphaldith thi degree.\u201d\n [Sidenote: Arthur considers his counsel profitable.]\n \u201cMai\u017ft{er},\u201d q{uo}d he, \u201cme think ry{ch}t profitable\n Yowr con\u017feell Is, and wond{er} honorable 2000\n For me, and good; ry{ch}t well I have {con}\u017fauit,\n And in myne hart{is} Inwartne\u00df re\u017fauit.\n I \u017fhal fulfill and do yowr ordynans\n Als far of wit as I have \u017fuffi\u017fans; 2004\n Bot y be\u017feich yow, in til hartly wy\u00df,\n [Sidenote: He beseeches him to expound his dream,]\n That of my drem \u021dhe \u017fo to me dewy\u00df,\n The wich \u017fo long haith occupeid my mynd,\n [Sidenote: how he shall only find help through the water-lion,\n the leech, and the flower.]\n How that I \u017fhal no man{er} \u017fucour fynd 2008\n Bot only throw the wattir lyon, & \u017fyne\n The leich that is w{i}t{h}outen medy\u017fyne;\n And of the con\u017fell of the flour; wich ayre\n Wond{er}is lyk that no man can duclar.\u201d 2012\n\n [Footnote T46: Or, \u201cleir.\u201d MS. apparently has \u201cleir,\u201d corrected\n to \u201cheir.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: THE WATER-LION MEANS GOD.]\n\n ++\u201cNow, \u017f{ir},\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cand I of them al thre,\n What thei betakyne \u017fhal I \u017fchaw to the,\n [Sidenote: The master\u2019s explanation.]\n Such as the clerk{is} at them \u017fpecifiit;\n Thei v\u017fit no thing what thei \u017fignefiit. 2016 [Fol. 25b.]\n [Sidenote: The water-lion is the very God.]\n The wattir lyone Is the god werray,\n God to the lyone is lyknyt many way;\n But thei have hyme In to the wattir \u017fe\u00f1,\n Confu\u017fit were ther wittis al, y we\u00f1; 2020\n [Sidenote: The water is men\u2019s fragility;]\n The wattir was ther awn fragelitee,\n And thar tre\u017fpas, and thar Inequitee\n In to this world, the wich thei \u017ftond y-clo\u017fit;\n That was the wattir wich thei have \u017fuppo\u017fit, 2024\n That haith there knowlag maad \u017fo Inp{er}fyt;\n Thar \u017fyne & ek ther worldis gret delyt,\n As clowdy wattir, was eu{er}more betwe\u00f1,\n [Sidenote: whereby they see not the lion perfectly.]\n That thei the lyone p{er}fitly hath no{ch}t \u017fe\u00f1; 2028\n Bot as the wattir, wich was y{er} awn \u017fyn{n}e,\n That eu{er}mor thei \u017ftond confu\u017fit In.\n [Sidenote: Had men been always religious, they had seen the lion\n not in water, but clearly.]\n If thei haith \u017ftond in to religio\u00f1 clen,\n Thei had the lyone Not in watt{er} \u017fen, 2032\n Bot clerly vp in to the hewyne abuf,\n Et{er}naly whar he \u017fhal not remufe.\n And eu{er}more in vatt{er} of \u017fyne vas hee,\n For-quhi It is Impo\u017f\u017feble for to bee;[T47] 2036\n [Sidenote: The world is enclosed in the darkness of their sin.]\n And thus the world, wich that thei ar In,\n Y-clo\u017fit Is in dyrknes of ther \u017fyne;\n And ek the thikne\u00df of the air betwen\n The lyone mad in vattir to be \u017fen. 2040\n For It was no{ch}t bot \u017ftrenth of ther clergy\n Wich thei have here, and It is bot erthly,\n That makith them there re\u017fou{n}s dewy\u00df,\n And \u017fe the lyone thus in erthly wy\u00df. 2044\n [Sidenote: The lion is God\u2019s son, Jesu Christ.]\n This is the lyone, god, and goddis sone,\n Ih{es}u cri\u017ft, wich ay in hewyne \u017fal won{n}e.\n For as the lyone of euery be\u017ft is king,\n So is he lord and mai\u017ft{er} of al thing, 2048\n That of the ble\u017f\u017fit vyrgyne vas y-bore.\n Ful many a natur the lyone haith, quhar-fore\n That he to god re\u017femblyt is, bot I\n Lyk not mo at this tyme \u017fpecify. 2052\n This is the lyone, thar-of have yow no dred,\n That \u017fhal the help and comfort In thi ned.\n\n [Footnote T47: \u201csee\u201d(?).]\n\n[Headnote: THE LEECH WITHOUT MEDICINE IS CHRIST.]\n\n ++The \u017fentens here now woll I the defyne\n [Sidenote: The leech without medicine is also God.]\n Of hyme, the lech w{i}t{h}outen medy\u017fyne, 2056\n Wich is the god that euery thing hath vroght.\n For yow may know that vther Is It noght, [Fol. 26a.]\n [Sidenote: Not as surgeons,]\n As \u017furgynis and fe\u017ficianis, wich that delith\n W{i}t{h} mortell thing{is}, and mortell thing{is} helyth, 2060\n [Sidenote: whose art is in medicine,]\n And al thar art is in to medy\u017fyne,\n As it is ordanit be the my{ch}t dewyne,\n [Sidenote: and in plaisters, drinks, and various anointments; who\n know the quality of the year, and the disposition of the planets.]\n As pla\u017ft{er}is, drink{is}, and anouy{n}tme{n}t{is}[T48] \u017feir,\n And of the qualyte watyng of the yher; 2064\n And of the planet{is} di\u017fpo\u017ficiou{n}e,\n And of the naturis of compleccyoune,\n And in the diu{er}\u00df changing of hwmowr{is}.\n Thus wnd{er} reull lyith al there cwris; 2068\n And yhit thei far as blynd man In the way,\n Oft quhen that deith thar craft li\u017ft to a\u017f\u017fay.\n Bot god, the wich that is the \u017fou{er}an lech,\n Nedith no man{er} medy\u017fyne to \u017fech; 2072\n For ther is no Infyrmyte, nore wound,\n Bot as hyme lykith al is holl and \u017found.\n [Sidenote: But God can heal infirmity of thought,]\n So can he heill Infyrmytee of thoght,\n Wich that one erdly mede\u017fyne can noght; 2076\n [Sidenote: and also the soul that goeth to confusion.]\n And als the \u017faul that to confu\u017fioune goith,\n And haith with hyme and vther p{ar}teis boith,\n His dedly wound god helyth frome the ground;\n On to his cure no medy\u017fyne is found. 2080\n This Is his my{ch}t that neu{er} more \u017fhall fyne,\n This is the leich w{i}t{h}outen medy\u017fyne;\n And If that yhow at confe\u017f\u017fioune hath ben\n And makith the of al thi \u017fyn{n}is clen, 2084\n [Sidenote: He shall be thy leech in all necessity.]\n Yow art than holl, and this ilk \u017famyn is he\n Schall be thi leich In al nece\u017f\u017fitee.\n\n [Footnote T48: MS. \u201cano\u00f1ytm\u0113t{is},\u201d or \u201cano\u016bytm\u0113t{is}.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: THE FLOWER IS THE VIRGIN MARY.]\n\n ++Now of the flour y woll to the di\u017fcer\u00f1:\n This is the flour that haith[T49] the froyt eter\u00f1, 2088\n This is the flour, this fadith for no \u017fchour,\n This is the flour of euery flouris floure;\n\n [Footnote T49: The word, though indistinct, is almost certainly\n \u201chaith.\u201d Stevenson has \u201chigh;\u201d but this gives no sense.]\n\n [Sidenote: The flower is she of whom the eternal fruit was born,]\n This is the flour, of quhom the froyt vas bor\u00f1,\n This ws redemyt eft{er} that we war lor\u00f1; 2092\n This Is the flour that eu{er} \u017fpryngith new,\n This is the flour that changith neu{er} hew;\n [Sidenote: the virgin that bore the Saviour,]\n This is the vyrgyne, this is the ble\u017f\u017fit flour\n That Ih{es}u bur is our salweour, 2096\n This flour wnwe{m}myt of hir wirginitee;\n This is the flour of our felicitee,\n This is the flour to quhom ve \u017fhuld exort,\n [Sidenote: that ceaseth not to support us caitiffs,]\n This is the flour not \u017fe\u017f\u017fith to \u017fupport 2100\n In prayere, con\u017fell, and in by\u017f\u017fynes,\n Vs catifis ay In to our wrechitnes [Fol. 26b.]\n On to hir sone, the quich hir con\u017fell herith;\n This is the flour that al our gladne\u00df \u017fterith, 2104\n [Sidenote: through whose prayer are many saved.]\n Throuch whois prayer mony one is \u017fawit,\n That to the deth et{er}naly war re\u017fawit,\n Ne war hir hartly \u017fuplicatioune.\n This is the flour of our \u017faluatioune, 2108\n Next hir sone, the froyt of euery flour;\n This is the \u017fam that \u017fhal be thi \u017fuccour,\n If that the lykith hartly Reu{er}ans\n And \u017f{er}uice \u021deld one to hir excellens, 2112\n Syne wor\u017fchip hir w{i}t{h} al thi by\u017f\u017fyne\u00df;\n Sche \u017fal thi harm, \u017fche \u017fall thi ned redre\u00df.\n [Sidenote: She shall so counsel the lion and the leech, that thou\n need not despair.]\n Sche \u017fall \u017fice con\u017fell if one to the two,\n The lyone and the \u017fou{er}ane lech al\u017fo, 2116\n Yow \u017fall not Ned yi drem\u0305 for to di\u017fpar,\n Nor \u021dhit no thing that is in thi contrare.\n Now--q{uo}d the mai\u017ft{er}--yow may well wnd{er}\u017ftand\n Tueching thi drem as I have born on hande; 2120\n And planly haith the mat{er} al declarith,\n That yhow may know of wich yow was di\u017fparith.\n The lech, the lyone, and the flour al\u017fo,\n Yow wor\u017fchip them, yow \u017ferve them eu{er}mo; 2124\n And ples the world as I have \u017faid before;\n In gou{er}nans thus \u017ftondith al thi glore.\n [Sidenote: Do now as thou list, for all is in thy hand.]\n Do as yow li\u017ft, for al is in thi honde,\n To tyne thi-\u017felf, thi honore, and thi londe, 2128\n Or lyk o prince, o {con}querour, or king,\n In honore and in wor\u017fchip for to Ringe.\u201d\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR IS COMFORTED.]\n\n [Sidenote: The king replies,]\n \u201cNow,\u201d q{uod} the king, \u201cI fell that the \u017fupport\n Of yhour con\u017fell haith don me \u017fich comfort, 2132\n [Sidenote: that his heart is eased from fear;]\n Of euery raddour my hart is In to e\u00df,\n To \u021dhour {com}mand, god will, y \u017fal obe\u00df.\n Bot o thing is yneuch wn to me,\n [Sidenote: but inquires if Galiot will win over the red knight,\n and what is his name.]\n How galiot makith his awant that he 2136\n Shall have the kny{ch}t, that only by his honde\n And manhed, was defendour of my londe;\n If that \u017fhall fall y pray yhow tellith me,\n And quhat he hecht, and of quhat lond is hee?\u201d 2140\n \u201cWhat that he hecht yow \u017fhall no fory{er} know,\n [Sidenote: The master evades reply.]\n His dedis \u017fall her-eft{er}wart hyme \u017fchaw;\n Bot {con}trar the he \u017fhall be found no way.\n No more thar-of as now y will the \u017fay.\u201d[T50] 2144\n With that the king haith at his mai\u017ftir tone [Fol. 27a.]\n [Sidenote: The king and the host return home.]\n His leve, one to to his cuntre for to go\u00f1e;\n And al the o\u017ft makith none abyde,\n To pa\u017f\u017fing home anone thei can p{ro}wid; 2148\n And to \u017f{ir} gawane thei haith o lytt{er} maad,\n Ful \u017fore ywound, and hyme on w{i}t{h} them haade.\n\n [Footnote T50: At the bottom of the page is the catch-word,\n \u201cWith that the king.\u201d]\n\n [T]he king, as that the \u017ftory can declar,\n [Sidenote: The king sojourns twenty-four days at Cardole, in Wales.]\n Pa\u017f\u017fith to o Cete that was Right fair, 2152\n And clepit cardole, In to walis, was,\n For that tyme than It was the n{er}e\u017ft place,\n And thar he \u017foiornyt xxiiijti days\n In ryall fe\u017fting, as the auttore \u017fays. 2156\n So di\u017fcretly his puple he haith cherit,\n That he thar hartis holy haith {con}querit.\n [Sidenote: Sir Gawan is healed in fifteen days.]\n And \u017f{ir} gawan, helyt holl and \u017found\n Be xv dais he was of euery wounde; 2160\n Right blyt{h} therof in to the court war thei.\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR AGAIN BECOMES MOURNFUL.]\n\n And \u017fo befell, the xxiiij[T51] day,\n [Sidenote: The king becomes mournful, as he sits at the mess.]\n The king to fall in to o hewynes,\n Right ate his table \u017fiting at the me\u00df; 2164\n [Sidenote: Gawan rebukes him.]\n And \u017f{ir} gawan cu{m}myth hyme before,\n And \u017faid hyme, \u201c\u017f{ir}, yhour thoght is al to \u017fore,\n Con\u017fid{er}ing the diu{er}\u00df kny{ch}t{is} \u017fere\n Ar of wncouth and \u017ftrang land{is} here.\u201d 2168\n [Sidenote: The king answers in \u201cmatalent,\u201d]\n The king an\u017fuert, as in to matalent,\n \u201cS{ir}, of my tho{ch}t, or \u021dhit of myne entent,\n Yhe have the wrang me to repref, for-quhy\n Thar lewith none that \u017fhuld me blam, for I 2172\n [Sidenote: that he was thinking of the worthiest knight living;]\n Was thinkand one the worthie\u017ft that lewyt,\n That al the wor\u017fchip In to armys prewyt;\n And how the thonk of my defens he had,\n And of the wow that galiot haith mad. 2176\n But I have \u017fen, when that of my hou\u017fhold\n Thar was, and of my falow\u017fchip, that wold,\n If that thei wi\u017ft, quhat thing \u017fhuld me ple\u00df,\n Thei wald no{ch}t leif for trawell nor for e\u00df. 2180\n And \u017fum tyme It p{re}\u017fwmyt was & \u017faid,\n [Sidenote: that he once had the flower of knighthood in his\n household, but now this flower is away.]\n That in my hou\u017fhold of al this world I had\n The flour of kny{ch}thed and of chevalry;\n Bot now thar-of y \u017fe the contrarye, 2184\n Sen that the flour of kny{ch}thed is away.\u201d\n \u201cSchir,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cof Re\u017fone \u017futh yhe \u017fay;\n And if god will, In al this warld \u017fo Round [Fol. 27b.]\n He \u017fal be \u017foght, if that he may he found.\u201d 2188\n\n [Footnote T51: MS. \u201cxxviij,\u201d altered to \u201cxxiiij.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: GAWANE\u2019S EXPEDITION.]\n\n [Sidenote: Gawan departs to seek Lancelot.]\n Than gawan goith w{i}t{h} o kny{ch}tly chere,\n At the hal dure he \u017faith In this maner:\n \u201cIn this pa\u017fag who lykith for to wend?\n It is o Iorne mo\u017ft for to comend 2192\n That In my tyme In to the court fallith,\n To knyght{is} wich that chewellry lowith\n Or trawell In to armys for to hant;\n And lat no kny{ch}t fra thyne-furt{h} hyme awant 2196\n [Sidenote: All the knights rise to go with him.]\n That it denyith;\u201d--w{i}t{h} that onon thei ro\u00df,\n Al the kny{ch}t{is}, and frome the burdis go\u00df.\n The king that \u017fauch In to his hart was wo,\n [Sidenote: Arthur reproves him.]\n And \u017faid, \u201c\u017f{ir} gawan, nece, why dois yow \u017fo? 2200\n Knowis yow no{ch}t I myne hou\u017fhold \u017fuld encre\u00df,\n In kny{ch}thed, and in honore, and large\u00df?\n And now yow thinkith mak me di\u017f\u017folat\n Of kny{ch}t{is}, and my hou\u00df tran\u017fulat, 2204\n To \u017fek o kny{ch}t, and It was neu{er} more\n Hard \u017fich o \u017femble makith o before.\u201d\n [Sidenote: Gawan explains.]\n \u201cS{ir},\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cals few as may yhow ple\u017f\u00df;\n For what I said was no thing for myne e\u00df, 2208\n Nor for de\u017fir of falou\u017fchip, for-why\n To pa\u00df alone, but cumpany, think I;\n And ilk kny{ch}t to pa\u00df o \u017fundry way;\n The mo thei pa\u00df the fewar e\u017fchef thay, 2212\n Bot thus \u017fhal pas no mo bot as yhow le\u017ft.\u201d\n [Sidenote: Arthur assigns him forty companions.]\n \u201cTakith,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cof quhom \u021dhe lykith be\u017ft,\n Fourty in this pa\u017fag for to go;\u201d\n At this {com}mand and gawan che\u017fit \u017fo 2216\n Fourty, quhich that he louit, & that was\n Richt glaid in to his falow\u017fchip to pas.\n\n[Headnote: GAWANE AND HIS FELLOWS DEPART.]\n\n [Sidenote: These knights arm themselves,]\n [A]nd furth thei go, and al anarmyt thei\n Come to the king, w{i}t{h}outen more delay, 2220\n [Sidenote: and bring the relics, whereon to swear to shew the\n truth.]\n The relyk{is} bro{ch}t, as was the man{er} tho,\n When any knyght{is} frome the court \u017fuld go.\n Or when the pa\u017f\u017fit, or quhen thei com, thei \u017fwor\n The trouth to \u017fchaw of euery aduentur. 2224\n S{ir} gawan knelyng to his falowis \u017fais,\n \u201cYhe lord{is}, wich that in this \u017feking gais,\n So many noble and worthi kny{ch}t{is} ar \u021dhe,\n Me think in wayne yhour t{ra}uel \u017fhuld no{ch}t be, 2228\n For aduentur is non so gret to pref, [Fol. 28a.]\n As I \u017fuppone, nor \u021dhe \u017fal It e\u017f\u017fchef,\n And if \u021dhe lyk as I that \u017fhal dewy\u00df,\n Yhour oth to \u017fwer In to the \u017famyne wy\u00df 2232\n Myne oith to kep;\u201d--and that thei vnd{er}tak,\n How eu{er} \u017fo that he his oith mak\n It to con\u017ferf, and that thei have all \u017fwor\u00f1.\n Than gawan, wich that was the king beforn, 2236\n [Sidenote: Gawane swears not to return till he has found Lancelot,\n or evidence of him.]\n On kneis \u017fwore, \u201cI \u017fal the \u017futh duclar\n Of euery thing when I agan Repar,\n Nor neu{er} more a\u021dhane \u017fal I retur\u00f1,\n Nore in o place long for to \u017fuior\u00f1 2240\n Whill that the kny{ch}t or verray evydens\n I have, that \u017fhal be toknis of credens.\u201d\n His falou\u017fchip aba\u017fit of that thing,\n And als therof anoyt was the king, 2244\n [Sidenote: Arthur reproves him for forgetting the coming day of\n battle.]\n Sayng, \u201cNece, yow haith al foly vroght\n And wilfulne\u00df, that haith no{ch}t in thi thoght\n The day of batell of galot and me.\u201d\n [Sidenote: Gawane says it must be so.]\n Q{uod} gawan, \u201cNow non other ways ma be.\u201d 2248\n [Sidenote: Gawane and his fellow lace their helms, and take their\n leave.]\n Thar-w{i}t{h} he and his falow\u017fchip al\u017fo\n Thar halmys la\u017fit, on to ther hor\u00df thei go,\n Syne tuk ther lef, and frome the court the fare,\n Thar names ware to long for to declar. 2252\n Now \u017fal we leif hyme and h{is} cumpany,\n That in thar \u017feking pa\u017f\u017fith bi\u017f\u017fely;\n [Sidenote: The story returns to the lady of Melyhalt.]\n And of the lady of melyhalt we tell,\n W{i}t{h} whome the kny{ch}t mot ned alway duell. 2256\n\n [T52] [O] day \u017fhe mayd hyme on to h{ir} p{re}\u017fens fet,\n And on o \u017fege be-\u017fid hir haith hyme \u017fet,\n \u201cS{ir}, in keping I have yow halding long,\u201d\n And thus \u017fche \u017faid, \u201cfor gret tre\u017fpas & wrong, 2260\n Magre my \u017ftewart, in wor\u017fchip, and for-thi\n \u021che \u017fuld me thonk;\u201d--\u201cmadem,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cand I\n Thonk yhow \u017fo that eu{er}, at my mycht,\n Whar-\u017fo I pa\u00df that I \u017fal be yhour kny{ch}t.\u201d 2264\n\n [Footnote T52: Room is here left in the MS. for an illuminated\n letter, and a small \u201co\u201d inserted as a note.]\n\n[Headnote: THE LADY ASKS LANCELOT HIS NAME.]\n\n [Sidenote: She inquires Lancelot\u2019s name.]\n \u201cGrant mercy, \u017f{ir}, bot o thing I \u021dow pray,\n What that \u021dhe ar \u021dhe wold w{i}c{h}sauf to \u017fay.\u201d\n [Sidenote: He refuses to tell.]\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cyhour mercy a\u017fk I, quhy\n That for to \u017fay apone no wy\u00df may I.\u201d 2268\n \u201cNo! wil \u021dhe not? non oy{er} ways as now\n [Sidenote: She vows to keep him in thrall till the day of combat;]\n \u021che \u017fal repent, and ek I mak awow\n One to the thing the wich that I be\u017ft love, 2271\n Out frome my keping \u017fal \u021dhe not Remuf [Fol. 28b.]\n Befor the day of the a\u017f\u017femblee,\n Wich that, o \u021dher, is n{er}e\u017ft for to bee;\n And if that \u021dow haith ple\u017f\u017fit for to \u017fay,\n \u021che had fore me deliu{er}it ben this day; 2276\n [Sidenote: and to go to the court to try and learn it.]\n And I \u017fal knaw, quhey{er} \u021dhe wil or no,\n For I furt{h}-w{i}t{h} one to the court \u017fal go,\n Whar that al thithing{is} goith & cu{m}yth \u017fo\u00f1.\u201d\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cyhour ple\u017fance mot be do\u00f1e.\u201d 2280\n [Sidenote: The knight retires.]\n W{i}t{h} that the kny{ch}t one to his chalm{er} goith,\n And the lady hir makith to be wroith\n A\u021danis hyme, but \u017futhly vas \u017fche not,\n For he al-out was mor in to hir thoght. 2284\n Than \u017fchapith \u017fhe a\u021dane the ferd day,\n And richly \u017fche gan hir-\u017felf aray;\n Syne clepit haith apone her cu\u017fynes,\n [Sidenote: Before going to the court,]\n And \u017faith, \u201cy will one to the court me dre\u00df; 2288\n And malice I have \u017fchawin on to \u021dhon kny{ch}t,\n For-quhy he wold no{ch}t \u017fchew me quhat he hicht,\n Bot \u017fo, I-wy\u00df, It is no{ch}t in my tho{ch}t,\n For worthyar non In to this erth is wro{ch}t. 2292\n [Sidenote: she prays her cousin to take care of him.]\n Tharfor I pray, and hartly I requer\n \u021che mak hyme al the cu{m}pany and chere,\n And do hyme al the wor\u017fchip and the e\u00df,\n Excep his honore, wich that may hym ple\u00df; 2296\n And quhen I cum deliu{er}ith hyme als fre\n As he is now;\u201d--\u201cne have no dred,\u201d q{uod} \u017fche.\n\n[Headnote: SHE GOES TO SEE ARTHUR.]\n\n [T]he lady p{ar}tit, and hir lef hath ton,\n And by hir Iorne to the court Is gon. 2300\n [Sidenote: The lady meets Arthur at Logris;]\n The king hapnit at logris for to bee,\n Wich of his realme was than the chef cete;\n And haith hir met, and In til hartly wy\u00df\n Re\u017fauit her, and welcu{m}myt oft-\u017fy\u00df; 2304\n [Sidenote: who brings her home to his palace;]\n And haith hir home one to his palice bro{ch}t,\n Whar that no dante nedith to be \u017focht,\n And maid hir cher w{i}t{h} al his ful entent.\n Eft fupir one to o chalm{er} ar thei went, 2308\n The king and \u017fche, and ek the quen al thre;\n Of hir tithand{is} at hir than a\u017fkit hee,\n [Sidenote: and inquires what has brought her.]\n And what that hir one to the court had bro{ch}t?\n \u201cS{ir},\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, \u201cI come[T53] not al for no{ch}t; 2312\n [Sidenote: She says she has a friend who has made a challenge,]\n I have o frend haith o dereyne ydoo,\n And I can fynd none able kny{ch}t tharto; [Fol. 29a.]\n For he the wich that in the {con}trar Is\n Is hardy, \u017ftrong, and of gret kyne, I-wy\u00df; 2316\n Bot, It is \u017faid, If I my{ch}t have w{i}t{h} me\n \u021cour kny{ch}t, quich in the last a\u017f\u017femble\n [Sidenote: which the red knight could best maintain.]\n Was in the feld, and the red armys bur,\n In his manhed y my{ch}t my cau\u00df a\u017f\u017fur; 2320\n And yhow, \u017f{ir}, richt hartly I exort\n In to this ned my my\u017ft{er} to \u017fupport.\u201d\n \u201cMadem, by faith one to the quen I aw\n\n [Footnote T53: MS. \u201cconne.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR CAN TELL HER NOTHING.]\n\n [Sidenote: Arthur replies that Gawane is gone to seek him.]\n That I be\u017ft loue, the kny{ch}t I neu{er} \u017faw 2324\n In nerne\u00df by which that I hyme knew;\n And ek gawane Is gan hyme for to \u017few\n W{i}t{h} other fourty kny{ch}t{is} In to cumpany.\u201d\n The lady \u017fmylit at ther fante\u017f\u017fy; 2328\n The quen thar-w{i}t{h} p{re}\u017fumyt wel that \u017fche\n [Sidenote: The queen asks the lady if she knows where he is.]\n Knew quhat he was, and \u017faid, \u201cmadem, If \u021dhe\n Knowith of hyme what that he is, or quhar,\n We \u021dhow be\u017fech til ws for to declar.\u201d 2332\n [Sidenote: She replies no, and proposes to return.]\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, \u201cnow be the faith that I\n Aw to the king and yhow, as for no why\n To court I cam, but of hyme to Inquere;\n And \u017fen of hyme I can no tithing{is} here, 2336\n Nedlyng{is} to-morn homwart mon I fair.\u201d\n [Sidenote: Arthur prays her to stay.]\n \u201cNa,\u201d q{uod} the king, \u201cmadem, our \u017fon It waire;\n \u021che \u017fal remayne her for the qwenys \u017fak;\n Syne \u017fhal \u021dhe of our be\u017ft kny{ch}t{is} tak.\u201d 2340\n \u201cS{ir},\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, \u201cI pray \u021dow me excu\u00df,\n For-quhy to pa\u00df nedis me behu\u00df;\n Nor, \u017fen I want the kny{ch}t which I have \u017fo{ch}t,\n Wtheris w{i}t{h} me to have de\u017fir I no{ch}t, 2344\n For I of otheris have that may \u017fuffice.\u201d\n Bot \u021dhit the king hir prayt on \u017fich wy\u00df,\n [Sidenote: She remains till the third day.]\n That \u017fche remanit whill the thrid day;\n Syne tuk hir leif to pa\u017fing hom hir way. 2348\n [Sidenote: She is sumptuously entertained,]\n It nedis not the fe\u017fting to declar\n Maid one to hir, nor company nor fare;\n Sche had no kny{ch}t, \u017fche had no damy\u017feill,\n Nor thei richly rewardit war and well. 2352\n [Sidenote: and returns home.]\n Now goith the lady homwart, and \u017fche\n In her entent de\u017fyrus Is to \u017fee\n The flour of kny{ch}thed and of chevelry;\n So was he pry\u017fit and hold to euery wy. 2356\n\n[Headnote: THE LADY AGAIN SENDS FOR LANCELOT.]\n\n ++The lady, which one to hir palace come, [Fol. 29b.]\n [Sidenote: Soon after, she sends for Lancelot,]\n Bot of \u017fchort time remanith haith at home\n When \u017fche gart bryng, w{i}t{h}outen Recidens,\n W{i}t{h} grete effere this kny{ch}t to hir p{rese}ns, 2360\n And \u017faid hyme; \u201c\u017f{ir}, \u017fo mekil have I \u017fo{ch}t\n And knowith that be-for I knew no{ch}t,\n [Sidenote: and proposes to ransom him,]\n That If yhow lyk I wil yhour Ransone mak.\u201d\n \u201cMadem, gladly, wil \u021dhe wich\u017fauf to tak 2364\n Eft{er} that as my powar may atte\u00f1,\n Or that I may p{ro}wid be ony me\u00f1.\u201d\n \u201cNow, \u017f{ir},\u201d \u017fho \u017faid, \u201cfor\u017fut{h} It \u017fal be so,\n [Sidenote: on one of three conditions.]\n Yhe \u017fal have thre, and che\u00df yhow on of tho; 2368\n And if yhow lykith them for to refu\u00df,\n I can no mor, but \u021dhe \u017fal me excu\u00df,\n Yhe ned{is} mot \u017fu\u017ften yhour aduentur\n Contynualy In ward for til endur.\u201d 2372\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cand I yhow hartly pray,\n What that thei \u017fay[T54] \u021dhe wald w{i}c{h}\u017fauf to \u017fay?\u201d\n\n [Footnote T54: So MS. We should probably read \u201cbee.\u201d]\n\n [Sidenote: Either he must tell whom he loves,]\n \u201c[T]he fir\u017ft,\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, \u201cwho hath in to the che\u00f1\n Of low yhour hart, and if \u021dhe may dere\u00f1? 2376\n [Sidenote: or declare his name,]\n The next, yhour nam, the which \u021de \u017fal not lye?\n [Sidenote: or say if he expects again to equal his former exploits.]\n The thrid, if eu{er} \u021dhe think of cheualry\n So mekil wor\u017fchip to atten in feild\n Apone o day in armys wnd{er} \u017fcheld, 2380\n As yat \u021dhe dyd the \u017famyne day, when \u021dhe\n In red armys was at the a\u017f\u017femblee?\u201d\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cis thar non vther way\n Me to redem, but only thus to \u017fay 2384\n Of thing{is}, which that Rynyth me to blam,\n Me to awant my lady or hir name?\n But If that I mo\u017ft \u017fchawin furth that one,\n What su{er}te \u017fchal I have for to gone 2388\n At libertee out of this dang{er} free?\u201d\n \u201cSchir, \u017for to dred no my\u017ft{er} is,\u201d q{uod} \u017fhee;\n \u201cAs I am trew and fa{i}t{h}full woman hold,\n \u021che \u017fal go fre quhen one of thir is told.\u201d 2392\n \u201cMadem, yhour will non vther ways I may,\n [Sidenote: He refuses to tell his lady\u2019s name,]\n I mone obey; and to the fir\u017ft y \u017fay,\n [T55] [I]s, to declar the lady of myne hart,\n My go\u017ft \u017fal rather of my bre\u017ft a\u017ftart\u201d-- 2396\n Whar-by the lady fayndit al for no{ch}t\n The lowe quhich long hath ben In to h{is} tho{ch}t--\n [Sidenote: or his own;]\n \u201cAnd of my nam, \u017fchortly for to \u017fay,\n It \u017ftondith \u017fo that one no wy\u00df I may. 2400\n Bot of the thrid, madem, I se that I [Fol. 30a.]\n Mon \u017fay the thing that tuechith velany;\n [Sidenote: but declares that he trusts to do more than ever before;\n and requires his liberty.]\n For \u017fut{h} it is I tra\u017ft, and god before,\n In feld that I \u017fal do of armys more 2404\n Than eu{er} I did, if I {com}mandit bee.\n\n [Footnote T55: A space is here left for an illuminated letter.]\n\n[Headnote: LANCELOT CLAIMS HIS LIBERTY;]\n\n And now, madem, I have my libertee,\n For I have \u017faid I neu{er} tho{ch}t to \u017fay.\u201d\n \u201cNow, \u017f{ir},\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, \u201cwhen-eu{er} \u021dhe wil ye may; 2408\n [Sidenote: She begs of him a boon;]\n Bot o thing Is, I yhow hartly raquer,\n Sen I have hold yhow apone \u017fuch maner\n Not as my fo, that \u021dhe vald grant me till.\u201d\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cIt \u017fal be as \u021dhe will.\u201d 2412\n \u201cNow, \u017f{ir},\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, \u201cit is no thing bot \u021dhe\n [Sidenote: that he will remain with her till the day of battle;]\n Rema\u00f1 w{i}t{h} ws wn to the a\u017f\u017femble,\n And euery thyng that In yhour my\u017ft{er} lyis\n I \u017fall gar ordan at yhour awn dewy\u00df; 2416\n And of the day I \u017fhall yow c{er}tefy\n Of the a\u017f\u017femble \u021dhe \u017fal not pas therby.\u201d\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cIt \u017fal be as yhow li\u017ft.\u201d\n \u201cNow, \u017f{ir},\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, \u201cand than I hald It be\u017ft, 2420\n That \u021dhe rema\u00f1 lyk to the \u017famyne dogre\n As that \u021dhe war, yat non \u017fal wit that \u021dhe\n Deliu{er}it war; and in to \u017facret wy\u00df\n Thus may \u021dhe be; and now yhe \u017fal dewy\u00df 2424\n [Sidenote: and inquires what arms he would like to have made\n for him. He chooses black armour,]\n What armys that yhow lykyth I gar mak.\u201d\n\n[Headnote: AND ASKS FOR BLACK ARMOUR.]\n\n \u201cMadem,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201carmys al of blak.\u201d\n W{i}t{h} this, this kny{ch}t is to his chalm{er} go\u00f1;\n The lady gan ful prewaly di\u017f\u017fpone 2428\n For al that longith to the kny{ch}t, in feild;\n Al blak his hor\u00df, his armour, and his \u017fcheld,\n [Sidenote: which is provided.]\n That nedful is, al thing \u017fche well p{re}widith;\n And in hir keping thus w{i}t{h} hir he bidith. 2432\n Suppos of love \u017fche takyne hath the charg,\n [Sidenote: She keeps her love close,]\n Sche bur It clos, ther-of \u017fche vas not larg,\n Bot wy\u017fly \u017fche ab\u017ftenit hir di\u017f\u017fir,\n For ell{is} quhat, \u017fche knew, he was afyre; 2436\n Thar-for hir wit hir wor\u017fchip haith defendit,\n [Sidenote: being commended for discretion.]\n For in this world thar was nan mor co{m}mendit,\n Boith of di\u017fcreccioune and of womanhed,\n Of gou{er}nans, of nurtur, and of farhed. 2440\n This kny{ch}t w{i}t{h} hir thus al this whil mon duell,\n [Sidenote: The story returns to Arthur--]\n And furt{h} of arthur \u017fumthing wil we tell--\n\n [T]hat walkyng vas furt{h} in to his Regiou{n}is,\n And \u017foiornyt in his ceteis and his townis, 2444\n As he that had of vi\u017fdome \u017fufficyans. [Fol. 30b.]\n [Sidenote: who obeys the counsel of Amytans,]\n He kepit the lore of mai\u017ft{er} amytans\n In ryghtwy\u017fnes, In fe\u017fting and larges,\n In cheri\u017fing cu{m}pany and hamlynes; 2448\n For he was bi\u017f\u017fy and was deligent,\n [Sidenote: and gives away largely;]\n And largly he iffith, and di\u017fpent\n Rewardis, boith one to the pur & riche,\n And holdith fe\u017ft throw al the \u021dher eliche. 2452\n\n[Headnote: ARTHUR\u2019S LIBERALITY.]\n\n In al the warld pa\u017f\u017fing gan his name,\n He chargit not bot of encre\u00df and fam\u0305e,\n And how his puples hart{is} to emple\u00df;\n Thar gladnes ay was to his hart mo\u017ft e\u00df. 2456\n He rakith not of riches nor tre\u017f\u017four,\n Bot to di\u017fpend one wor\u017fchip & honour;\n He ifith riches, he ifith lond and rent,\n He cheri\u00dfyth them w{i}t{h} word{is} eloquent, 2460\n [Sidenote: and thus gains his people\u2019s love.]\n So that thei can them vtraly p{ro}pone\n In his \u017f{er}uice thar lyves to di\u017fpone:\n So gladith them\u0305e his homely {con}tynans,\n His cheri\u017fyng, his wordis of ple\u017fans, 2464\n His cumpany, and ek his mery chere,\n His gret rewardis, and his ift{is} \u017fere.\n Thus hath the king non vthir be\u017fynes\n Bot cheri\u017fing of kny{ch}t{is} and large\u00df, 2468\n To mak hyme-\u017felf of honour be {com}mend;\n And thus the \u021dher he drywith to the ende.\n\nEXPLICIT SECUNDA P{AR}S, INCIPIT T{ER}CIA P{AR}S.\n\n\n[Headnote: THE TRUCE DRAWS TO A CLOSE.]\n\n[BOOK III.]\n\n [Sidenote: The sun ascends in his altitude.]\n ++The long dirk pa\u017fag[T56] of the vint{er}, & the ly{ch}t\n Of phebus {com}prochit w{i}t{h} his my{ch}t; 2472\n The which, a\u017fcending In his altitud,\n Awodith satur\u00f1 w{i}t{h} his \u017ftormys Rude;\n [Sidenote: The soft dew falls down from heaven.]\n The \u017foft dew one fra the hewyne doune valis[T57]\n Apone the erth, one hill{is} and on valis, 2476\n And throw the \u017fobir & the mw\u017ft hwmour{is}\n Vp nuri\u017fit ar the erbis, and in the flouris\n [Sidenote: Nature decks the earth with various hues.]\n Natur the erth of many diu{er}\u00df hew\n Our-fret, and cled w{i}t{h} the tendir new. 2480\n The birdis may them hiding in the grawis [Fol. 31a.]\n [Sidenote: The birds may hide them from the hawk in the groves,\n and Scilla may ascend in the air.]\n Wel frome the halk, that oft ther lyf berevis;\n And scilla hie a\u017fcending in the ayre,\n That euery vight may heryng hir declar 2484\n Of the \u017fe\u017f\u017fone the pa\u017f\u017fing lu\u017ftynes.\n This was the tyme that phebus gan hy{m} dre\u00df\n In to the rame, and haith his cour\u00df bygown,\n Or that the trewis and the \u021dher vas Rown, 2488\n [Sidenote: The time of combat between Galiot and the king drew\n near.]\n Which was y-\u017fet of galiot and the king\n Of thar a\u017f\u017femble, and of thar meting.\n Arthur haith a xv dais before\n A\u017f\u017femblit al his barnag and more 2492\n That weryng wnd{er} his \u017fubieccioune,\n Or louith hyme, or longith to his crown;\n And haith his Iornay tone, w{i}t{h}outen let,\n [Sidenote: Arthur goes to the appointed place.]\n On to the place the wich that was y-\u017fet, 2496\n Whar he hath found befor hyme mony o kny{ch}t\n That cu{m}myng war w{i}t{h} al thar holl my{ch}t,\n Al enarmyt both w{i}t{h} \u017fpere & \u017fcheld,\n And ful of lug{is} plantith haith the feld, 2500\n Hyme In the wer for to \u017fupport and \u017ferf\n At al ther my{ch}t, his thonk for to di\u017f\u017ferf.\n\n [Footnote T56: So MS. Should we read \u201cpasith\u201d?]\n [Footnote T57: So MS. It should be \u201cfalis.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: GAWANE REJOINS ARTHUR.]\n\n And gawan, which was in the \u017feking \u021dhit\n Of the gud kny{ch}t, of hyme haith got no wit, 2504\n [Sidenote: Gawane remembers the day,]\n Remembrith hyme apone the king{is} day,\n And to his falowis one this wys can \u017fay:\n \u201cTo \u021dhow is knowin the mat{er}, in what wy\u00df\n How that the king hath w{i}t{h} his e{n}nemys 2508\n A c{er}tan day, that now comprochit nere,\n And one to ws war hewynes to here\n That he var in to p{er}ell or in to dreid,\n And we away and he of ws haith neid; 2512\n For we but hyme no thing may e\u017fchef,\n And he but ws in honore well may lef;\n For, be he lo\u017ft, we may no thing w{i}t{h}\u017ftond,\n Our-\u017felf, our honore we tyne, & ek o{ur} lond. 2516\n [Sidenote: and proposes to his fellows to go to help the king.]\n Tharfor, I red we pas on to the king,\n Suppos our oth It hurt in to \u017fum thing,\n And in the feld w{i}t{h} hyme for til endur,\n Of lyf or deth and tak our aduentur.\u201d 2520\n Thar-to thei ar con\u017fentit eu{er}ilkon,\n And but dulay the have thar Iorney to\u00f1e.\n When that the king them \u017faw, in h{is} entent [Fol. 31b.]\n [Sidenote: Arthur is well content at their coming,]\n Was of thar com Right wond{er} well {con}tent; 2524\n For he p{re}\u017fwmyt no thing that thei wold\n [Sidenote: not expecting them.]\n Have cu{m}myne, but one furt{h} to y{er} \u017feking hold.\n And thus the kinghis o\u017ft a\u017f\u017femblit has\n A\u021dane the tyme, a\u021daine the day that vas 2528\n Y-\u017ftatut and ordanit for to bee,\n And euery thing hath \u017fet in the dogre.\n\n[Headnote: THE TRUCE ENDS.]\n\n [A]nd galiot, that haith no thing for\u021dhet\n The termys quhich that he befor had set, 2532\n [Sidenote: Galiot also assembles his folk,]\n A\u017f\u017femblit has, apone his best maner,\n His folk, and al his other thing{is} \u017fere,\n That to o weryour longith to p{ro}uid,\n And is y-come apone the tothir \u017fyde. 2536\n [Sidenote: doubling his army and artillery;]\n Whar he befor was one than vas he two,\n And al his vthir artil\u021dery also\n He dowblith hath, that m{er}well was to \u017fe\u00f1;\n [Sidenote: and pitches on the green by the river.]\n And by the rewere ly{ch}tit one the gre\u00f1, 2540\n And \u017ftronghar thane ony wallit toune\n His o\u017ft y-bout yclo\u017fit in Randoune.\n Thus war thei cu{m}myne apone ather \u017fyd\n [Sidenote: Before the truce is ended,]\n Be-for the tyme, them-\u017felf for to p{ro}wid. 2544\n Or that the trewis was complet & rwn,\n Men my{ch}t have \u017fen one euery \u017fid begwn\n [Sidenote: many combats are seen between lusty men;]\n Many a fair and knychtly Iup{er}ty\n Of lu\u017fty me{n}, and of \u021dong chevalry, 2548\n Di\u017fyrus In to armys for to pruf;\n Sum for wynyng, \u017fu{m} cau\u017fith vas for luf,\n Sum In to wor\u017fchip to be exaltate,\n Sum cau\u017fit was of wordis he & hate, 2552\n That lykit not ydill for to ben;\n [Sidenote: a hundred pair at once.]\n A hund{er}eth pair at onis one the gren.\n Thir lu\u017fty folk thus can thar tyme di\u017fpend,\n Whill that the trewis goith to the ende. 2556\n [Sidenote: The truce past,]\n The trewis pa\u017ft, the day is cu{m}myne ono\u00f1e,\n One euery \u017fyd the can them to di\u017fpone;\n And thai that war mo\u017ft \u017facret & mo\u017ft dere\n [Sidenote: Galiot\u2019s friends inquire who shall fight on his side\n on the morrow.]\n To galiot, at hyme the can enquere, 2560\n \u201cWho \u017fal a\u017f\u017femble one yhour \u017fyd to-mor\u00f1e?\n To-ny{ch}t the trewis to the end is worne.\u201d\n He an\u017fuerit, \u201cAs yhit one to this were\n I ame awy\u017fit I wil none armys bere, 2564\n Bot If It \u017ftond of more Nece\u017f\u017fitee; [Fol. 32a.]\n Nor to the feld will pas, bot for to \u017fee\n Yhone kny{ch}t, the which that berith \u017fich o fame.\u201d\n [Sidenote: He commands the first-conquest king to take 30,000 men.]\n Than clepit he the {con}quest king be name, 2568\n And hyme {com}mandit xxx thou\u017fand tak\n A\u021daine the morne, and for the feld hyme mak.\n And gawane haith, apone the toy{er} syde,\n Con\u017fulit his Eme he \u017fchuld for them p{ro}wid, 2572\n And that he \u017fchuld none armys to hyme tak\n Whill[T58] galiot will for the feld hyme mak.\n \u201cI grant,\u201d q{uo}d [he [T59]], \u201cwharfor \u021dhe mone di\u017fpone\n [Sidenote: Gawane leads Arthur\u2019s forces.]\n Yhow to the feld w{i}t{h} al my folk to-morne, 2576\n And thinkith in yhour manhed and curage\n For to reci\u017ft \u021dhone folk{is} gret owtrag.\u201d\n\n [Footnote T58: MS. \u201cWihill.\u201d]\n [Footnote T59: Omitted in MS.]\n\n [Sidenote: The day comes.]\n [T]he ny{ch}t is gone, vp goith the morow gray,\n The bry{ch}t \u017fone \u017fo cherith al the day: 2580\n The kny{ch}t{is} gone to armys than, in ha\u017ft;\n One goith the \u017fcheild{is} and the helmys la\u017ft;\n [Sidenote: Arthur\u2019s men cross the ford.]\n Arthuris o\u017ft out our the furrde thai ryd.\n And thai agane, apone the toy{er} syd, 2584\n [Sidenote: Galiot\u2019s men assemble in a vale.]\n A\u017f\u017femblit ar apone o lu\u017fty greyne,\n In to o waill, whar \u017fone thar my{ch}t be \u017feyne\n Of kny{ch}t{is} to-gedder many o pair\n In to the feld a\u017f\u017femblyng her & thair, 2588\n And \u017fted{is} which that haith thar ma\u017ft{er} lorne;[T60]\n The kny{ch}t{is} war done to the erth doune borne.\n\n [Footnote T60: MS. has \u201cborne.\u201d We should read \u201clorne,\u201d as in\n line 2092.]\n\n[Headnote: DEEDS OF SIR ESQUYRIS.]\n\n [Sidenote: Sir Esquyris, a manly knight,]\n S{ir} e\u017fquyris, which was o manly kny{ch}t\n In to hyme-\u017felf, and hardy vas & wy{ch}t; 2592\n And in till armys gretly for to pry\u00df,\n \u021chit he was pure, he prewit wel oft-\u017fy\u00df;\n [Sidenote: at that time of Galiot\u2019s company,]\n And that tyme was he of the cu{m}panee\n Of galiot, bot eft{er}wart was hee 2596\n W{i}t{h} arthur; and that day In to the feild\n He come, al armyt boith w{i}t{h} \u017fpere and \u017fcheld,\n W{i}t{h} fer\u00df de\u017fir, as he that had na dout,\n [Sidenote: attacks a band,]\n And is a\u017f\u017femblit ewyne apone a rowt; 2600\n His \u017fpere is gone, the kny{ch}t goith to the erd,\n And out onon he pullith haith o \u017fwerd;\n [Sidenote: and proves his manhood.]\n That day In armys p{re}wit he ry{ch}t well\n His \u017ftrenth, his manhed; arthuris folk thai fell. 2604\n\n[Headnote: DEEDS OF SIR GWYANS.]\n\n [Sidenote: Then Galys Gwynans, brother of Ywan,]\n Than galys gwynans, w{i}t{h} o manly hart,\n Which broy{er} was of ywane the ba\u017ftart,\n He cu{m}myne Is onone one to the \u017ftour\n For {con}quering In armys of honour, 2608 [Fol. 32b.]\n [Sidenote: encounters him, and horse and man go all four to earth.]\n And cownt{er}it w{i}t{h} e\u017fquyris hath so\n That[T61] hor\u00df and man, al four, to erth thai go;\n And \u017ftill o quhill lying at the ground.\n W{i}t{h} that o p{ar}t of arthur{is} folk thei found 2612\n [Sidenote: Arthur\u2019s folk rescue Gwyans;]\n Till gwyans, and haith hyme \u017fone re\u017fkewit.\n A\u021danis them til e\u017fquyris thei \u017fewyt\n [Sidenote: thirty knights of Galiot\u2019s arrive, and rescue Esquyris.]\n Of galiot{is} well xxx^ti kny{ch}t{is} & mo;\n Gwyans goith done, and vthir vij al\u017fo, 2616\n The wich war tone & e\u017fqwyris relewit.\n [Sidenote: Next Ywan comes to the _m\u00eal\u00e9e_.]\n Than ywane the anterus, aggrewit,\n W{i}t{h} kyn{n}i\u017fme{n} one to the melle \u017fo{ch}t.\n The hardy kny{ch}t{is}, that one thar wor\u017fchip tho{ch}t, 2620\n Cownt{er}it them In myddis of the \u017fcheld,\n Whar many o kny{ch}t was born do\u00f1 i{n} the feld;\n [Sidenote: Galiot\u2019s men give way.]\n Bot thei wich ware on galiot{is} p{ar}t,\n So wnd{er}takand nor of \u017fo hardy hart 2624\n Ne ware thei not as was i{n} ye {con}trare.\n [Sidenote: Gwyans is again rescued.]\n S{ir} galys gwyans was re\u017fqwyt thare\n W{i}t{h} his falowis, and e\u017fqwyris don bore.\n Thar al the batell{is} cam, w{i}t{h}outen more, 2628\n On ather p{ar}t, and is a\u017f\u017femblit \u017fo\n [Sidenote: 50,000 men are assembled.]\n Whar fyfty thou\u017fand war thei, & no mo.\n [Sidenote: 30,000 on Galiot\u2019s side approach the river,]\n In o plane be\u017fyd the gret Riwere\n Xxx thou\u017fand one galiot{is} half thei vare; 2632\n [Sidenote: and 10,000 on Arthur\u2019s.]\n Of arthuris x thou\u017fand and no mo\n Thei ware, and \u021dhit thai {con}tenit them \u017fo\n And in the feld \u017fo manly haith bor\u00f1,\n That of thar fois haith the feld for\u017fwor\u00f1. 2636\n\n [Footnote T61: MS. has \u201cthan.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: SIR GAWANE\u2019S INTREPIDITY.]\n\n The {con}que\u017ft king, wich the p{er}ell knowith,\n [Sidenote: Gawane puts the conquest-king to flight.]\n Ful manly one to the feld he drowith;\n The lord \u017f{ir} gawan, cou{er}it w{i}t{h} h{is} \u017fcheld,\n He ru\u017fchit in myddis of the feld, 2640\n And haith them \u017fo in to his com a\u017f\u017fayt,\n That of his manhed ware thei al affrait;\n No lang{er} my{ch}t thei {con}trar hyme endur,\n Bot fled, and goith one to di\u017fcu{m}fiture. 2644\n [Sidenote: Galiot, full of anger and grief, sends out a new band.]\n And galiot, wich haith the di\u017fc{um}fit \u017fen,\n Fulfillit ful of ang{er} and of ten,\n In{con}tine{n}t he \u017fend o new poware,\n Whar-w{i}t{h} the feld{is} al our-cou{er}it ware 2648\n Of armyt \u017fted{is} bot{h} in plait and maill, [Fol. 33a.]\n W{i}t{h} kny{ch}t{is} wich war reddy to a\u017f\u017faill.\n [Sidenote: Gawane draws his men together, and shews them\n comfortable words.]\n S{ir} gawan, \u017feing al the gret \u017fuppris\n Of fois cu{m}myng In to \u017fich o wys, 2652\n Togiddir al his cumpany he drew,\n And confortable word{is} to them \u017fchew;\n So at the cu{m}myng of thar ennemys\n [Sidenote: They receive the foe in manly wise.]\n Thei them re\u017fauf, in \u017fo manly wy\u00df, 2656\n That many one felith deithis wound,\n And wnd{er} hor\u00df lyith \u017fobing one the ground.\n This vther cu{m}myth in to gret de\u017fir,\n Fulfillit ful of matelent and Ire, 2660\n So fre\u017fchly, w{i}t{h} \u017fo gret o confluens,\n Thar \u017ftrong a\u017f\u017fay hath don \u017fich vyolens,\n And at thar come arthuris folk \u017fo led,\n That thai war ay abay\u017fit and adred. 2664\n Bot gawan, wich that, by this vorld{is} fame,\n Of ma{n}hed and of kny{ch}thed bur the name,\n Haith p{re}wit [hym] well be exp{er}iens;\n For only In til armys his defens 2668\n [Sidenote: Gawane encourages his fellows,]\n Haith maid his falowis tak \u017fich hardyme{n}t,\n That manfully thei biding one the bent.\n Of his manhed war m{er}well to raher\u00df;\n The kny{ch}tis throw the \u017fcheld{is} can he per\u00df, 2672\n That many one thar dethis haith re\u017fauit;\n None armour frome his my{ch}ty hond them \u017fauit,\n [Sidenote: though their foes are three to one;]\n \u021chit ay for one ther ennemys wor thre.\n Long my{ch}t thei no{ch}t endur in \u017fuch dugree; 2676\n The pre\u00df it wos \u017fo creuell & \u017fo \u017ftrong,\n In gret anoy and haith {con}tinewit longe,\n [Sidenote: yet his men are forced to retreat to their tents.]\n That, magre them, thei ned{is} mo\u017ft abak\n The way one to thar lug{is} for to tak. 2680\n S{ir} gawan thar \u017fufferith gret my\u017fchef,\n And wond{er}is in his kny{ch}thed can he pref;\n His falou\u017fchip haith m{er}well that hym \u017faw,\n So haith his fois that of his \u017fuerd \u017ftud aw. 2684\n [Sidenote: Arthur beholds the peril of the field, and sends Sir\n Ywan to help them,]\n King arthur, that al this whill beheld\n The dang{er} and the p{er}ell of the feld,\n S{ir} ywan w{i}t{h} o falow\u017fchip he \u017fende,\n Them In that ned to help & to defend, 2688\n Qwich fond them In to danger and in were, [Fol. 33b.]\n And ent{er}it nere In to thar tentis were.\n [Sidenote: who finds Sir Gawane fighting on foot with only his\n sword.]\n S{ir} gawan fechtand was one fut At erde,\n And no defend, but only in his \u017fwerde, 2692\n A\u021danis them bot{h} w{i}t{h} \u017fpere and \u017fcheld.\n Of galowa the kny{ch}t goith to the erde.[T62]\n\n [Footnote T62: Read \u201cfelde\u201d?]\n\n[Headnote: SIR YWAN RESCUES GAWANE.]\n\n [Sidenote: The battle was furious and wood.]\n Thar was the batell furyous and woud[T63]\n Of armyt kny{ch}t{is}; to the grownde thai \u021dhud. 2696\n S{ir} ywane, that was a noble knyght,\n He \u017fchew his \u017ftrenth, he \u017fchew thar h{is} g{r}et my{ch}t,\n In al his tyme that neu{er} of before\n Off armys, nore of kny{ch}thed, did he more: 2700\n [Sidenote: Sir Ywan rescues Sir Gawane,]\n S{ir} gawan thar re\u017fkewit he of fors,\n Magre his fois, and haith hyme \u017fet one hor\u00df\n That frome the fir\u017ft {con}que\u017ft king he wa\u00f1;\n [Sidenote: who was so evilly wounded, that he was the worse thereof\n evermore.]\n Bot \u017f{ir} gawan \u017fo ewill was wondit than, 2704\n And in the feld \u017fupp{ri}\u017fit was \u017fo \u017fore,\n That he the wer\u00df thar-of was eu{er}more.\n Thar \u017fchew the lord \u017f{ir} ywan h{is} curage,\n His manhed, & h{is} noble wa\u017f\u017folage; 2708\n And gawan, in his doing, wald no{ch}t irk;\n\n [Footnote T63: MS. \u201cwoid,\u201d but the \u201c_i_\u201d is undotted, and is\n therefore perhaps meant for the first stroke of a \u201c_u_.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: END OF THE FIRST DAY\u2019S BATTLE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Darkness parts the combatants.]\n So al the day enduring to the dyrk\n Sal them, magre of thar de\u017fyre, {con}\u017ft{r}en\n On ayar half fore [to] dep{ar}t in twen. 2712\n And when that gawan of his hor\u00df vas to\u00f1,\n The blud out of his noi\u00df & mouth is go\u00f1,\n And largly \u017fo pa\u017f\u017fith euery wounde,\n [Sidenote: Sir Gawane swoons,]\n In \u017fwonyng thore he fell one to the ground: 2716\n Than of the puple petee was to here\n The lemytable clamour, and the chere;\n [Sidenote: so that the king despairs of his \u201cniece\u2019s\u201d life, and\n laments over him.]\n And of the king the \u017forow and the care,\n That of his nec{is} lyf was in di\u017f\u017fpare. 2720\n \u201cFar well,\u201d he \u017fais, \u201cmy gladnes, & my delyt,\n Apone kny{ch}thed far well myne appetit,\n Fare well of manhed al the g{r}et curage,\n Yow flour of armys and of va\u017f\u017folage, 2724\n Gif yow be lo\u017ft!\u201d--thus til his tent hyme bro{ch}t\n [Sidenote: The surgeons are sought,]\n W{i}t{h} wofull hart, and al the \u017furry\u021denis \u017focht,\n Wich for to cum was reddy at his neid;\n Thai fond the lord was of his lyf i{n} dreid, 2728\n For wondit was he, and ek wondit \u017fo,\n [Sidenote: who found he had two broken ribs, but no mortal wound.]\n And in his \u017fyd ware brokyne Ribys two.\n Bot no{ch}t for-thi the king thai maid beleif\n That at that tyme he \u017fhuld the deith e\u017fchef. 2732 [Fol. 34a.]\n\n [O]ff melyhalt the ladyis kny{ch}t{is} were\n In to the feld, and can thir tithing{is} here,\n [Sidenote: The lady of Melyhalt\u2019s knights tell her how the battle\n went,]\n And home to thar lady ar thai went,\n Til hir to \u017fchewing eft{er} thar entent, 2736\n In euery poynt, how that the batell \u017ftud\n Of galiot, and of his multitud;\n [Sidenote: and how Gawane bare him in the field, and of his wounds.]\n And how gawan hyme in the feld hath bor\u00f1,\n Throw quhoys \u017fwerd \u017fo many o kny{ch}t vas lor\u00f1, 2740\n And of the kny{ch}tly wond{er}is that he wro{ch}t,\n Syne how that he one to his tent vas bro{ch}t.\n The lady hard, that lowit gawan so,\n [Sidenote: She weeps for him.]\n She gan to wep, in to[T64] hir hart vas wo. 2744\n\n [Footnote T64: MS. \u201cin in\u201d; but \u201cin to\u201d is clearly meant.]\n\n[Headnote: LANCELOT\u2019S LAMENT FOR GAWANE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Lancelot requests to see the lady;]\n Thir tythyng{is} one to lancelot ar go\u00f1,\n Whar-of that he was wond{er} wo-bygone,\n And for the lady ha\u017ftely he sent,\n And \u017fche til hyme, at his co{m}mand, Is went: 2748\n [Sidenote: and inquires if Gawane is really likely to die.]\n He \u017falu\u017ft hir, and \u017faid, \u201cmadem, Is trew\n Thir tithing{is} I her report of new\n Of the a\u017f\u017femble, and meting of the o\u017ft,\n And of \u017f{ir} gawan, wich that \u017fhuld be lo\u017ft? 2752\n If that be \u017fwth, adew the flour of armys,\n [Sidenote: He laments over him,]\n Now neu{er}more recou{er}yt be the harmys!\n In hyme was manhed, curte\u017f\u017fy, and trouth,\n Be\u017fy trawell In kny{ch}thed, ay but \u017fleuth, 2756\n Humilyte, [and] gentrice, and cwrag;\n In hyme thar was no man{er} of outrage.\n [Sidenote: first apostrophizing himself,]\n Allace! kny{ch}t, allace! what \u017fhal yow \u017fay?\n Yow may complen, yow may bewail the day 2760\n As of his deith, and glad\u017fchip aucht to \u017fes,\n Baith men\u017ftra\u017fy and fe\u017fting at the des;\n For of this lond he was the holl comfort,\n In tyme of ned al kny{ch}thed to \u017fupport! 2764\n [Sidenote: and next blaming the lady for not having allowed him\n to be present in the battle.]\n Allace! madem, and I dur\u017ft \u017fay at \u021dhe\n Al yhour behe\u017ft not kepit haith to me,\n Whar-of that I was in to full belef\n A\u021da\u00f1e this day that I \u017fchuld have my lef, 2768\n And no{ch}t as cowart thus \u017fchamfully to ly\n Excludit in to cage frome chewalry,\n Whar othir kny{ch}t{is} anarmyt on thar \u017ftedis\n Hawnt{is} ther \u021dhouthhed in to kny{ch}tly dedis.\u201d 2772\n \u201cS{ir},\u201d q{uo}d \u017fche, \u201cI red yhow not di\u017fple\u00df,\n \u021che may In tyme her-eft{er} cum at es; [Fol. 34b.]\n [Sidenote: She promises he shall go to the next battle,]\n For the thrid day Is ordanit, & \u017fhal be\n Of the o\u017ft{is} a new a\u017f\u017femble, 2776\n And I have gart ordan al the gere\n That longith to \u021dour body for to were,\n [Sidenote: saying that his sable armour is ready.]\n Boith hor\u00df and armour In the \u017famyne wy\u00df\n Of \u017fable, ewyne aftir \u021dhour awn dewy\u00df; 2780\n And yhe \u017fal her remayne one to the day;\n Syne may \u021dhe pa\u00df, fore well \u021dhe knaw the way.\u201d\n \u201cI will obey, madem, to yhour entent.\u201d\n W{i}t{h} that \u017fche goith, and to hir re\u017ft is went: 2784\n [Sidenote: In the morn she takes her leave, to go to the court.]\n One the morn arly vp \u017fche ro\u00df\n W{i}t{h}out delay, and to the kny{ch}t \u017fche gois,\n And twk hir lef, and \u017faid that \u017fcho vald fare\n On to the court, w{i}t{h}-outen any mare. 2788\n [Sidenote: He kneels, and thanks her often.]\n Than knelit he, and thankit hir oft-\u017fys,\n That \u017fche \u017fo mych hath done hyme of ge{n}tri\u00df,\n And hir byhecht eu{er}, at his myght,\n To be hir awn trew & \u017ftedfa\u017ft kny{ch}t. 2792\n [Sidenote: She goes unto the king,]\n Sche thonkith hyme, and \u017fyne \u017fche goith h{er} way\n On to the king, w{i}t{h}-owten more delay,\n Whar that i{n}[T65] honour w{i}t{h} king & qwen \u017fche \u017fall\n Ry{ch}t thonkfully re\u017fauit be w{i}t{h}-all. 2796\n Eft to \u017f{ir} gawan thai hir led, & \u017fche\n Ryght gladly hyme de\u017fyrit for to \u017fee,\n [Sidenote: and finds Sir Gawane quite different from what had been\n told her.]\n And \u017fche hyme fond, and \u017fche was glad tharfore,\n All vthir ways than was hir told before. 2800\n The kny{ch}t, the wich in to hir keping vas,\n [Sidenote: The lady\u2019s cousin cherishes Lancelot in her best manner.]\n Sche had {com}mandit to hir cu\u017f\u017fynece,\n Wich cheri\u017ft hyme apone hir be\u017ft manere,\n And comfort hyme, and maid hy{m} ry{ch}t gud chere. 2804\n\n [Footnote T65: MS. \u201cw{i}t{h};\u201d which is crossed out, and \u201ci{n}\u201d\n inserted above, rather minutely written.]\n\n[Headnote: LANCELOT PREPARES FOR BATTLE.]\n\n [T]he days goith, \u017fo pa\u017f\u017fith als the ny{ch}t,\n [Sidenote: The third day, the maiden goes to his chamber, and\n fastens on his armour.]\n The thrid morow, as that the \u017fone vas ly{ch}t,\n The kny{ch}t onon out of his bed aro\u00df,\n The maden \u017fone one to his chalm{er} go\u00df, 2808\n And \u017facretly his armour one hyme \u017fpent.\n He tuk his lef, and \u017fyne his way he went\n [Sidenote: He goes to the same green, beside the river, as before.]\n Ful prewaly, ry{ch}t to the \u017famyne gre\u00f1\n One the rewere, whar he befor had ben, 2812\n Ewyne as the day [he] the first cour\u00df hath maad.\n Alone ry{ch}t thar he howit, and abaade,\n Behalding to the bertes, whar the qwe\u00f1 [Fol. 35a.]\n [Sidenote: He abides there alone, looking towards the parapet\n where he saw the queen.]\n Befor at the a\u017f\u017femble he had se\u00f1 2816\n Ry{ch}t \u017fo the \u017fone \u017fchewith furt{h} his ly{ch}t,\n And to his armour went is euery wy{ch}t;\n [Sidenote: The jousting begins.]\n One athir half the Iusting is bygon,\n And many o fair and knych[t]ly cour\u00df is rown. 2820\n [Sidenote: The black knight still halts on his steed.]\n The blak kny{ch}t \u021dhit howyns on his \u017fted,\n Of al thar doing takith he no hed,\n Bot ay, apone the be\u017fynes of tho{ch}t,\n In beholding his ey dep{ar}tit no{ch}t. 2824\n\n[Headnote: THE QUEEN BEHOLDS THE BLACK KNIGHT.]\n\n [Sidenote: The lady beholds him and knows him; but yet inquires\n who he is,]\n To quhom the lady of melyhalt beheld,\n And knew hyme by h{is} armour & h{is} \u017fcheld,\n Qwhat that he was; and thus \u017fche \u017faid one hy{ch}t:\n \u201cWho is he \u021done? who may he be, \u021dhone kny{ch}t, 2828\n So \u017ftill that hovith and \u017fterith not his Ren,\n And \u017feith the kny{ch}t{is} rynyng one the gre\u00f1?\u201d\n [Sidenote: thus calling the attention of Gawane,]\n Than al beholdith, and in princypale\n S{ir} gawan beholdith mo\u017ft of all; 2832\n Of melyha[l]t the lady to hyme maid\n In{con}tine{n}t, his couche and gart be had\n Be-fore o wyndew thore, as he my{ch}t se\n The kny{ch}t, the o\u017ft, and al the a\u017f\u017femble. 2836\n He lukith furt{h}, and \u017fone the kny{ch}t hath \u017fen,\n [Sidenote: who saith to the queen:]\n And, but delay, he \u017faith one to the qwen,\n [Sidenote: \u201cMadam, remember that the red knight halted where yon\n knight halts.\u201d]\n \u201cMadem, if \u021dhe remembir, \u017fo it was\n The red kny{ch}t in to the \u017famyne place 2840\n That wencu\u017ft al [at] the first a\u017f\u017femble;\n Whar that \u021done kny{ch}t howis, howit hee.\u201d\n [Sidenote: \u201cWhy do you inquire?\u201d she replies.]\n \u201c\u021cha,\u201d q{uod} the qwen, \u201cry{ch}t well remembir I;\n Qwhat is the cau\u00df at \u021dhe inquere, & quhy?\u201d 2844\n \u201cMadem, of [al] this larg warld is he\n [Sidenote: \u201cHe is the knight, madam, whom I most desire to see.\u201d]\n The kny{ch}t the wich I most de\u017fir to \u017fee\n His \u017ftrenth, his ma{n}hed, his curag, and h{is} my{ch}t,\n Or do in armys that longith to o kny{ch}t.\u201d 2848\n\n[Headnote: THE ORDER OF BATTLE.]\n\n [B]y thus, arthur, w{i}t{h} con\u017fell well awy\u017fit,\n [Sidenote: Arthur arranges his lines of battle.]\n Haith ordanit his batell{is}, and devy\u017fit:\n [Sidenote: King Ydrus leads the first;]\n The fir\u017ft of them led ydrus king, & he\n O worthy man vas ne{m}myt for to bee. 2852\n [Sidenote: Harwy the Reweyll, an aged knight, the second.]\n The \u017fecund led harwy the Reweyll,\n That in this world was kny{ch}t that had mo\u017ft feill\n For to p{ro}wid that longith to the were,\n One agit kny{ch}t, and well couth armys bere. 2856\n\n [T]he thrid feld [he] deliu{er}it in the hond [Fol. 35b.]\n [Sidenote: King Angus, a cousin of Arthur, leads the third.]\n Of ang{us}, king of ylys of \u017fcotlande,\n Wich cu\u017fing was one to king arthur nere,\n One hardy kny{ch}t he was, w{i}t{h}outen were. 2860\n [Sidenote: King Ywons the fourth.]\n The ferd batell led ywons the king,\n O manly kny{ch}t he was In to al thing.\n And thus dewy\u017fit ware his batell{is} \u017fere,\n [Sidenote: In every company are 15,000.]\n In euery feld xv thou\u017fand were. 2864\n\n [T]he fift[T66] batell the lord \u017f{ir} ywan lede,\n [Sidenote: The lord Sir Ywan leads the rearguard.]\n Whois ma{n}hed was i{n} euery cu{n}tre dred,\n Sone he was one to wryne the kyng,\n Forwart, \u017ftout, hardy, wy\u00df, and \u021dhing; 2868\n Xx thou\u017fand in his o\u017ft thai pa\u017ft,\n Wich ordanit was for to a\u017f\u017femble la\u017ft.\n [Sidenote: Galiot\u2019s armies.]\n [A]nd galiot, apone the tothir \u017fyde,\n Ry{ch}t wy\u017fly gan h{is} batell{is} to dewid. 2872\n [Sidenote: Malenginys leads the first line;]\n The fir\u017ft of them led malenginys the king,\n None hardyar In to this erth lewyng;\n He neu{er} more out of his cuntre Raid,\n Nor he w{i}t{h} hyme one hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} hade. 2876\n\n [Footnote T66: MS. \u201cfir\u017ft.\u201d See l. 2870.]\n\n [Sidenote: the first-conquest king the second; Walydeyne the third;]\n [T]he \u017fecund the first-conque\u017ft king led,\n That for no p{er}ell of armys vas adred;\n The thrid, o king clepit walydeyne,\n He led, and was o manly kny{ch}t, but weyne. 2880\n\n [Sidenote: Clamedeus the fourth;]\n [T]he ferd, king clamede{us} has,\n Wich that lord of far ylys was.\n [Sidenote: and King Brandymagus the fifth.]\n The fift[T67] batell, whar xl thou\u017fand were,\n King brandymag{us} had to led and \u017ftere, 2884\n O manly kny{ch}t, and prewit well oft-\u017fy\u00df,\n And in his con\u017fell wond{er} \u017fcharp & wy\u00df.\n [Sidenote: Galiot bore no arms;]\n Galiot non armys bur that day,\n Nor as o kny{ch}t he wald hyme-\u017felf aray, 2888\n [Sidenote: but was arrayed as a servant in a habergeon with\n a \u201cprekyne\u201d hat, and a truncheon in his hand.]\n But as o \u017f{er}uand in o habariowne,\n O prekyne hat, and ek o gret trown\u017fciow\u00f1\n In til his hond, and one o cur\u017four \u017fet,\n The be\u017ft that was in ony lond to get. 2892\n Endlong the rewar men my{ch}t behold & \u017fee,\n Of kny{ch}t{is} weryne mony one a\u017f\u017femble;\n [Sidenote: The black knight still remains looking towards the\n parapet.]\n And the blak kny{ch}t \u017ftill he couth abyde,\n W{i}t{h}out remowyng, one the Riwer \u017fyde, 2896\n Bot to the bartes to behold and \u017fee\n Thar as his hart de\u017fyrit mo\u017ft to bee:\n\n [Footnote T67: MS. \u201cfir\u017ft.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: THE FIRST MESSAGE TO THE BLACK KNIGHT.]\n\n [Sidenote: The lady says to the queen--]\n And quhen the lady of melyhalt haith \u017fe\u00f1\n The kny{ch}t \u017fo \u017ftond, \u017fche \u017faid one to the qwe\u00f1, [Fol. 36a.]\n [Sidenote: \u201cMadam, pray commend yourself to yon knight.\u201d]\n \u201cMadem, It is my con\u017fell at \u021dhe send 2901\n One to \u021done kny{ch}t, \u021dour-\u017felf for to {com}mend,\n Be\u017feiching hyme that he wald wnd{er}tak\n This day to do of armys, for \u021dour \u017fak.\u201d 2904\n [Sidenote: The queen replies]\n The quen an\u017fuerit as that hir lykit no{ch}t,\n For othir thing was more In to hir tho{ch}t,\n \u201cFor well \u021dhe \u017fe the p{er}ell how disio[i]nt,\n The adwentur now \u017ftondith one the point 2908\n Boith of my lord his honore, and h{is} lond,\n And of his men, i{n}[T68] dang{er} how thai \u017ftond:\n\n [Footnote T68: Stevenson reads \u201cthe\u201d; but \u201cthe\u201d is crossed out,\n and \u201ci{n}\u201d written over it.]\n\n [Sidenote: that the lady and the rest may send a message, but that\n she will not herself take part in it.]\n Bot \u021dhe, and ek thir vthere ladice may,\n If that yhow lykith, to the kny{ch}t gar \u017fay 2912\n The me\u017fag; is none that wil yhow let,\n For I tharof \u017fal no{ch}t me ent{er}met.\u201d\n On to the quen \u017fcho \u017faith, \u201cher I,\n If \u017fo it ple\u00df thir vthir ladice by, 2916\n Am for to \u017fend one to the kny{ch}t {con}tent;\u201d\n And al the ladice can thar-to a\u017f\u017fent,\n Be\u017feching hir the me\u017fag to dewy\u00df,\n As \u017fche that was mo\u017ft prudent & mo\u017ft wy\u00df. 2920\n [Sidenote: The lady sends a discreet maiden,]\n Sche grantit, and o made\u00f1 haith thai tone,\n Di\u017fcret, apone this me\u017fag for till gone;\n [Sidenote: and Sir Gawane a squire, with two spears,]\n And \u017f{ir} gawan a \u017fqwyar bad al\u017fo,\n W{i}t{h} two \u017fperis one to the kny{ch}t to go. 2924\n The lady than, w{i}t{h}outen more dulay,\n Haith chargit hir apone this wy\u00df to \u017fay:\n [Sidenote: to say that all the ladies, the queen alone excepted,\n commend them to the black knight,]\n \u201cSchaw to the kny{ch}t, the ladice eu{er}-ilkone\n Ben In the court, excep the quen allon, 2928\n Til hyme them haith reco{m}mandit oft-\u017fy\u00df,\n Be\u017feching hyme of kny{ch}thed and gentri\u00df,\n (Or if It hapyne eu{er}more that he \u017fhall\n Cum, quhar thai may, owther an or all, 2932\n In ony thing awail hyme or \u017fupport,\n Or do hyme ony ple\u017fans or comfort,)\n [Sidenote: and pray him to essay some deed of arms.]\n He wold wich\u017faif for loue of them this day\n In armys \u017fum manhed to a\u017f\u017fay; 2936\n And \u017fay, \u017f{ir} gawan hyme the \u017fper{is} \u017fent;\n Now go, this is the fek of our entent.\u201d\n [Sidenote: The damsel and squire]\n The damy\u017fell \u017fche hath hir palfray tone,\n The sqwyar w{i}t{h} the \u017fperis w{i}t{h} hir go\u00f1; 2940\n The n{er}e\u017ft way thai pa\u00df one to ye kny{ch}t, [Fol. 36b.]\n [Sidenote: repeat the message.]\n Whar \u017fche repete hir me\u017fag haith ful ry{ch}t:\n\n[Headnote: SIR LANCELOT IS NOT CONTENT.]\n\n [Sidenote: Sir Lancelot, finding the queen not in the message,]\n And quhen he hard, and planly wnd{er}\u017ftude,\n How that the quen not in the me\u017fag \u021dude, 2944\n [Sidenote: was not content,]\n He \u017fpak no word, bot he was not {con}tent;\n Bot, of \u017f{ir} gawan, glaid in his entent,\n He a\u017fkit quhar he was, and of h{is} fair?\n And thai to hyme the man{er} can duclair; 2948\n [Sidenote: but asks the squire to hold the two spears ready for\n him.]\n Than the \u017fqwyar he prayth that he wold\n Pa\u00df to the feld, the \u017fperis for to hold.\n He \u017faw the kny{ch}t{is} \u017femblyng her and thare,\n The \u017ftedis Rynyng w{i}t{h} the \u017fadill{is} bare; 2952\n His \u017fpuris goith in to the \u017ftedis syde,\n That was ful \u017fwyft, and lykit not to byd;\n\n[Headnote: HE USES UP SIR GAWANE\u2019S TWO SPEARS.]\n\n And he that was hardy, fer\u00df, and \u017ftout,\n [Sidenote: He attacks a company of a hundred knights, slays the\n nearest,]\n Furth by o \u017fyd a\u017f\u017femblyng on a rout 2956\n Whar that one hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} was, & mo;\n And w{i}t{h} the fir\u017ft has Recount{er}it so,\n That frome the deth not helpith hy{m} h{is} \u017fcheld,\n Boith hor\u00df and man is lying in the feld; 2960\n The \u017fpere is gone, and al in pecis brak,\n [Sidenote: and with the stump of his spear bereaves two or three\n of their saddles.]\n And he the trun\u017fcyoune in h{is} hand hath tak\n That two or thre he haith the \u017fadill{is} reft,\n Whill in his hond \u017fchortly no thing is left. 2964\n Syne, to the \u017fquyar, of the feld is go\u00f1,\n [Sidenote: He takes a new spear from the squire, and overthrows\n three knights.]\n Fro hyme o \u017fpere In to his hond haith ton,\n And to the feld returnyt he a\u021dayne:\n The fir\u017ft he met, he goith one the plan, 2968\n And ek the next, and \u017fyne the thrid al\u017fo;\n Nor in his hond, nore in his \u017ftrak was ho.\n His e{n}nemys that veryng In affray\n Befor his \u017ftrok, and makith rovm alway; 2972\n And in \u017fich wy\u00df ay in the feld he vro{ch}t,\n Whill that his \u017fperis gon var al to no{cht};\n Whar-of \u017f{ir} gawan berith vitne\u017fing\n Throw al this world that thar vas non levyng, 2976\n In \u017fo \u017fchort tyme \u017fo mych of armys wro{ch}t.\n\n[Headnote: HE USES UP SIR GAWANE\u2019S TWO SPEARS.]\n\n [Sidenote: His spears gone, he returns to his first position.]\n His \u017fperis gone, out of the feld he \u017fo{ch}t,\n And pa\u017f\u017fit is one to the Rewere syde,\n Ry{ch}t thore as he was wont for to abyde; 2980\n And \u017fo beholdyne In the \u017famyne pla\u00f1, [Fol. 37a.]\n As to the feld hyme lykit no{ch}t a\u021da\u00f1.\n [Sidenote: Sir Gawane says to the queen:]\n Sir gawan \u017faw, and \u017faith on to the quen,\n [Sidenote: \u201cMadam, yon knight thinks himself despised, because you\n so specially excepted yourself in the message;]\n \u201cMadem, yhone knycht di\u017fponit [not],[T69] I wey\u00f1, 2984\n To help ws more, fore he \u017fo is awy\u017fit;\n\n [Footnote T69: \u201cnot\u201d seems required.]\n\n As I p{re}\u017fume, he thinkith hyme di\u017fpi\u017fit\n Of the me\u017fag that we gart to hyme mak;\n Yhowre-\u017felf yhe have \u017fo \u017fpecialy out-tak, 2988\n He thinkith ewill contempnit for to bee,\n Con\u017fid{er}ing how that the nece\u017f\u017fitee\n Mo\u017ft prin\u017fpally to yhowr \u017fupporting lyis.\n Tharfor my con\u017fell is, yhow to dewy\u00df, 2992\n And ek \u021dhowre-\u017felf i{n} yhowr t{r}e\u017fpas accu\u00df,\n [Sidenote: ask him mercy, therefore, and excuse your guilt.]\n And a\u017fk hyme mercy, and yhour gilt excu\u00df.\n For well it oucht o prince or o king\n Til honore and til cheri\u00df in al thing 2996\n O worthi man, that is in kny{ch}thed p{re}wit.\n For throw the body of o man e\u017fchevit\n Mony o wondir, mony one aduenture,\n That m{er}well war til any creature. 3000\n And als oft-tyme is boith hard & \u017fen,\n [Sidenote: For often, by one knight\u2019s prowess, have 40,000 been\n worsted by 5,000.]\n Quhar xl thou\u017fand haith di\u017fcu{m}fit ben\n Vith v thou\u017fand, and only be o kny{ch}t;\n For throw his \u017ftrenth, his vor\u017fchip, & h{is} my{ch}t, 3004\n His falow\u017fchip \u017fich comfort of hym tais\n That thai ne dreid the dang{er} of thar fays.\n And thus, madem, I wot, w{i}t{h}outen were,\n [Sidenote: If yon knight will continue to help the king,]\n If that \u021dhone kny{ch}t this day will p{er}\u017fywere 3008\n W{i}t{h} his manhed for helping of the king,\n We \u017fal have cau\u00df to dred in to no thing.\n Our folk of hyme thai \u017fal \u017fich comfort tak,\n And \u017fo adred thar ennemys \u017fal mak, 3012\n That \u017fur I am, onys or the ny{ch}t,\n [Sidenote: yon folk shall perforce take to flight.\u201d]\n Of for\u00df \u021dhone folk \u017fal tak one them the fly{ch}t:\n Wharffor, madem, that \u021dhe have gilt to mend,\n My con\u017fell is one to \u021dhon kny{ch}t \u021de \u017fend.\u201d 3016\n\n[Headnote: THE SECOND MESSAGE TO THE BLACK KNIGHT.]\n\n [Sidenote: She consents to send a message.]\n \u201cS{ir},\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, \u201cquhat ple\u017f\u017fith yhow to do\n \u021che may dewy\u00df, and I con\u017fent thar-to.\u201d\n Than was the lady of melyhalt {con}tent,\n And to \u017f{ir} gawan in-to-{con}tynent 3020\n Sche clepit the maid, wich that pa\u017f\u017fit ar; [Fol. 37b.]\n [Sidenote: A maiden is therefore sent to say,]\n And he hir bad the me\u017fag thus duclar.\n \u201cSay [to][T70] the kny{ch}t, the quen hir reco{m}mendith,\n And \u017fal correk in quhat that \u017fche offendith 3024\n At his awn will, how \u017fo hyme li\u017ft dewy\u00df;\n [Sidenote: that the queen humbly exhorts him]\n And hyme exortith, in mo\u017ft humyll wy\u00df,\n As eu{er} he will, whar that \u017fche can or may,\n Or powar haith hir charg, be ony way, 3028\n And for his wor\u017fchip and his hie ma{n}hede,\n [Sidenote: to help in that need to preserve the king\u2019s honour,\n and to deserve her thanks.]\n And for hir luf, to helpen i{n} that ned\n The king{is} honore, his land fore to pre\u017ferf,\n That he hir thonk for eu{er} may de\u017ferf.\u201d 3032\n\n [Footnote T70: \u201cto\u201d seems required.]\n\n[Headnote: SIR GAWANE SENDS HIM TEN SPEARS MORE.]\n\n And four \u017fquyaris chargit he al\u017fo\n [Sidenote: Sir Gawane also sends four squires with three horses\n and ten spears.]\n W{i}t{h} thre hor\u00df and \u017fperis x to go\n Furt{h} to the knycht, hyme prayng for his \u017fak,\n At his raque\u017ft thame in his ned to tak. 3036\n\n [T]he maden furt{h} w{i}t{h} the \u017fqwyar{is} is went\n One to the kny{ch}t, and \u017fchawith y{ar} entent.\n [Sidenote: The message heard, he inquires about the queen,]\n Tho me\u017fag hard, and ek ye pre\u017fent \u017fe\u00f1,\n He an\u017fwerit, and a\u017fkith of the qwen; 3040\n [Sidenote: and is told that from yon parapet she can witness his\n deeds.]\n \u201cS{ir},\u201d q{uod} \u017fche, [\u201csche][T71] in to \u021dhone bartiis lyis,\n Whar that this day yhour dedis \u017fal dewy\u00df,\n Yhowr manhed, yhour wor\u017fchip, and affere,\n How \u021dhe {con}te\u00f1, and how yhe armys bere; 3044\n The quen hir-\u017felf, and many o lady to,\n Sal Iug{is} be, and vitnes how yhe do.\u201d\n Than he, whois hart \u017ftant in o new aray,\n [Sidenote: He returns a message that he is the queen\u2019s knight.]\n Saith, \u201cdamyceyll, on to my lady \u017fay, 3048\n How eu{er} that hir lykith that it bee,\n Als far as wit or powar is in me,\n I am hir kny{ch}t, I \u017fal at hir {com}mand\n Do at I may, w{i}t{h}outen more demand. 3052\n And to \u017f{ir} gawan, for his gret gentri\u00df,\n Me reco{m}mend and thonk a thou\u017fand \u017fy\u00df.\u201d\n W{i}t{h} that o \u017fper he takith in his hond,\n [Sidenote: He stands in his stirrups; and seems to increase a foot\n in height.]\n And \u017fo in to his \u017fterapis can he \u017ftond 3056\n That to \u017f{ir} gawan \u017femyth that the kny{ch}t\n Encre\u017fyng gon o larg fut one hycht;\n And to the ladice \u017faith he, and the qwen,\n \u201c\u021chon is the kny{ch}t that eu{er} I have \u017fen 3060\n In al my tyme mo\u017ft kny{ch}tly of affere,\n And in hyme-\u017felf gon fare\u017ft armys bere.\u201d\n\n [Footnote T71: A second \u201csche\u201d is here required.]\n\n[Headnote: THE BLACK KNIGHT\u2019S CHARGE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Greatly encouraged,]\n [T]he kny{ch}t that haith Reme{m}brit in his tho{ch}t [Fol. 38a.]\n The qwenys charg{is}, & how \u017fche hy{m} be\u017fo{ch}t, 3064\n Curag can encre\u017fing to his hart;\n His cur\u017fer lap, and gan onon to \u017ftart;\n And he the \u017fqwaris haith reqwyrit \u017fo,\n That thai w{i}t{h} hyme one to the feld wald go. 3068\n [Sidenote: without delay he crosses over the river to the field;]\n Than goith he one, w{i}t{h}outen mor abaid,\n And our the reuar to the feld he raid;\n Don goith his \u017fpere onone In to the Re\u017ft,\n [Sidenote: and goes in wherever he sees most peril.]\n And in he goith, w{i}t{h}outen mor are\u017ft, 3072\n Thar as he \u017faw mo\u017ft p{er}ell and mo\u017ft dred\n In al the feld, and mo\u017ft of help[T72] had ned,\n Whar \u017femblyt was the fir\u017ft-{con}que\u017ft king\n W{i}t{h} mony o kny{ch}t that was in his leding. 3076\n [Sidenote: He overthrows two knights.]\n The fir\u017ft he met, doune goith boith hor\u00df & man;\n The \u017fper was holl, and to the next he Ra\u00f1\n That helpit hyme his hawbrek nor h{is} \u017fcheld,\n Bot throuch and throuch haith per\u017fit i{n} the feld. 3080\n\n [Footnote T72: MS. \u201cheld.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: SIX KNIGHTS FOLLOW HIM.]\n\n [Sidenote: Sir Kay, Sir Sygramors, Sir Gresown, Sir Ywan, Sir\n Brandellis, and Gahers, all six in a race spur across the field\n with stretched spears,]\n S{ir} kay, the wich haith this encontyr \u017fen,\n His hor\u00df he \u017ftrekith our the larg gren,\n And \u017f{ir} \u017fygramors ek the de\u017fyrand,\n W{i}t{h} \u017f{ir} gre\u017fown cu{m}myth at y{ar} honde, 3084\n Son of the duk, and al\u017fua \u017f{ir} ywan\n The ba\u017ftart, and \u017f{ir} brandellis onan,\n And gaher\u00df, wich that broyir was\n To gawan; thir \u017fex in a Ra\u00df 3088\n Deliu{er}ly com prekand our the feld{is}\n W{i}t{h} \u017fperis \u017ftraucht, and cou{er}it w{i}t{h} thar \u017fcheldis;\n Sum for love, \u017fum honor to purche\u00df,\n [Sidenote: and 100 knights after them.]\n And aftir them one hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} was, 3092\n In \u017famyne will, thar manhed to a\u017f\u017fay.\n On his v falowis clepit than \u017f{ir} kay,\n [Sidenote: Sir Kay exhorts them]\n And \u017faith them, \u201c\u017f{ir}is, thar has \u021dhond{er} ben\n A cour\u00df that neu{er}-more farar was \u017fen 3096\n Maid be o kny{ch}t, and we ar cu{m}myn ilkon\n Only ws one [his] wor\u017fchip to di\u017fpone;\n And neu{er} we in al our dais my{ch}t\n Have bet axampil than iffith ws \u021done kny{ch}t 3100\n [Sidenote: to keep near the black knight, and follow his guidance\n all day.]\n Of well doing; and her I hecht for me\n Ner hyme al day, if that I may, to bee,\n And folow hyme at al [my] my{ch}t I \u017fall,\n Bot deth or vthir adwentur me fall. 3104\n W{i}t{h} that thir \u017fex, al in one a\u017f\u017fent,\n W{i}t{h} fre\u017fch curag In to the feld Is went.\n The blak kny{ch}t{is} \u017fpere in pec{is} go\u00f1e, [Fol. 38b.]\n [Sidenote: With a second spear, the black knight seeks the field,\n closely followed by the six.]\n Frome o \u017fqwyar o\u00f1e vthir haith he to\u00f1e, 3108\n And to the feld onone he goith ful ry{ch}t;\n Thir \u017fex w{i}t{h} hyme ay holdith at y{ar} my{ch}t.\n And than bygan his wond{er}is in the feld;\n Thar was no helme, no hawbryk, nore no \u017fcheld, 3112\n [Sidenote: No knight nor armour can withstand him.]\n Nor yhit no kny{ch}t \u017fo hardy, fer\u00df, nore \u017ftout,\n No \u021dhit no man{er} armour my{ch}t hald owt\n His \u017ftrenth, nore was of powar to w{i}t{h}\u017ftond;\n So mych of armys dyde he w{i}t{h} his honde, 3116\n [Sidenote: Every wight wonders at his deeds.]\n That euery wight ferleit of h{is} deid,\n And al his fois \u017ftondith ful of dreid.\n So be\u017fely he can his tyme di\u017fpend,\n That of the \u017fperis wich \u017f{ir} gawan \u017fend, 3120\n [Sidenote: He uses up all Gawane\u2019s spears.]\n Holl of them all thar was not lewit o\u00f1e;\n Throw wich but m{er}cy to the deyth is gon\n Ful many o kny{ch}t, and many o weriour,\n That cout{h} \u017fu\u017ften ful hardely o \u017ftour. 3124\n [Sidenote: Two horses of his are killed, and he fights on foot.]\n And of his hor\u00df \u017fupp{ri}\u017fit ded ar two,\n One of his awn, of gawanis one al\u017fo,\n And he one fut was fechtand one the gren,\n When that \u017f{ir} kay haith w{i}t{h} his falowis \u017fe\u00f1; 3128\n [Sidenote: The squire brings him a fresh horse;]\n The \u017fqwyar w{i}t{h} his hor\u00df than to hy{m} bro{ch}t;\n Magre his fois he to his cour\u017feir \u017fo{ch}t\n Deliu{er}ly, as of o my{ch}ty hart,\n [Sidenote: he leaps into the saddle without stirrups.]\n W{i}t{h}out \u017fteropis in to his \u017fadill \u017ftart, 3132\n That euery wycht beholding m{er}vell has\n Of his \u017ftrenth and deliu{er} be\u017fynes.\n\n[Headnote: SIR KAY ASKS WHO THE BLACK KNIGHT IS.]\n\n [Sidenote: Sir Kay asks who he is,]\n S{ir} kay, \u017feing his hor\u00df, and how that thai\n War cled in to \u017f{ir} gawanis aray, 3136\n A\u017fkith at the \u017fquyar if he knewith\n What that he was, this kny{ch}t? & he hym \u017fchewith\n [Sidenote: but the squire cannot tell.]\n He wi\u017ft no thing quhat that he was, nore hee\n Befor that day hyme neu{er} \u017faw w{i}t{h} Ee. 3140\n Than a\u017fkith he, how and one quhat wy\u00df\n On gawanis hor\u00df makith hyme \u017fich \u017f{er}uice?\n The \u017fqw[y]ar \u017faith, \u201cfor\u017futh y wot no more;\n My lord ws bad, I not the cau\u00df quharfore.\u201d 3144\n [Sidenote: The black knight returns to the field.]\n The blak kny{ch}t, hor\u017fit, to the feld can \u017few\n Als fre\u017fch as he was in the morow new;\n [Sidenote: The six comrades follow him.]\n The \u017fex falowis folowit hyme ilkone,\n And al in front on to the feld ar go\u00f1; 3148\n Ry{ch}t fre\u017fchly one thar ennemys thai \u017foght, [Fol. 39a.]\n And many o fair poynt of armys vroght.\n\n [Sidenote: Malangin\u2019s host is discomfited by king Ydras; and\n retreats to join the second line, commanded by the Conquest-king;]\n [T]han hapnyt to king malangins o\u017ft\n By ydras king di\u017fcu{m}fit was, & lo\u017ft, 3152\n And fled, and to the {con}que\u017ft-king ar go\u00f1e,\n Thar boith the batell{is} a\u017f\u017femblit In to one;\n King malengynis in to his hart was wo,\n For of hyme-\u017felf no bett{er} kny{ch}t my{ch}t go; 3156\n [Sidenote: so that 40,000 are now opposed to 15,000 of Arthur\u2019s.]\n Thar xl thou\u017fand war thai for xv.\n Than my{ch}t the feld ry{ch}t p{er}ellus be \u017fen\n Of armyt kny{ch}t{is} gaping one the ground;\n Sum deith, and \u017fum w{i}t{h} mony a grewous wond; 3160\n For arthuris kny{ch}t{is}, that manly war and gud,\n Suppos that vthir was o multitude,\n Re\u017fauit tham well at the \u017fperis end;\n But one \u017fuch wy\u00df thai may not lang defend. 3164\n\n[Headnote: THE BLACK KNIGHT\u2019S PROWESS.]\n\n [Sidenote: The black knight, knowing who is beholding him,]\n The blak kny{ch}t \u017faw the dang{er} of the feld,\n And al his doing{is} knowith quho beheld,\n And ek reme{m}brith in to his entent\n Of the me\u017fag that \u017fche haith to hyme \u017fent: 3168\n Than curag, \u017ftrenth encre\u017fing w{i}t{h} ma{n}hed,\n Ful lyk o kny{ch}t one to the feld he raid,\n [Sidenote: thinks to have his lady\u2019s love, or die before her.]\n Thinking to do his ladice love to have,\n Or than his deth befor hir to re\u017fave. 3172\n Thar he begynyth in his fer\u00df curag\n Of armys, as o lyoune in his rag;\n Than m{er}well was his doing to behold;\n Thar was no kny{ch}t \u017fo \u017ftrong, nor yhit \u017fo bold, 3176\n That in the feld befor his \u017fuerd he met,\n Nor he \u017fo hard his \u017ftrok apone hyme \u017fet,\n That ded or wondit to the erth he \u017fo{ch}t;\n [Sidenote: He works nothing but wonders;]\n For thar was not bot wond{er}is that he wro{ch}t. 3180\n And magre of his fois eu{er}ilkone,\n [Sidenote: and often passes alone through the field.]\n In to the feld oft tymys hyme alo\u00f1\n Throuch and throuch he pa\u017f\u017fith to & fro;\n For in the ward[T73] it was the man{er} tho 3184\n That non o kny{ch}t \u017fhuld be the brydill tak\n Hyme to ore\u017ft, nore cum behynd h{is} bak,\n Nor mo than on at onys one o kny{ch}t\n Shuld \u017ftrik, for that tyme wor\u017fchip \u017ftud \u017fo ry{ch}t. 3188\n \u021chit was the feld ry{ch}t p{er}ellus and \u017ftrong\n Till arthuris folk, \u017fet thai {con}tenyt longe;\n Bot in \u017fich wy\u00df this blak kny{ch}t can {con}ten, [Fol. 39b.]\n [Sidenote: He fights in such wise as to encourage all who see his\n deeds.]\n That thai, the wich that hath his manhed \u017fe\u00f1, 3192\n Sich hardyment haith takyne In his ded,\n Them tho{ch}t thai had no man{er} cau\u00df of dred,\n Als long as he my{ch}t owthir ryd or go,\n At euery ned he them recomfort \u017fo. 3196\n [Sidenote: Sir Kay and his fellows follow him all day.]\n S{ir} kay haith w{i}t{h} his falowis al the day\n Folowit hyme al that he can or may,\n And wondir well thai have in armys p{re}wit,\n And w{i}t{h} thar manhed oft thar folk relewit; 3200\n Bot well thai faucht in diu{er}\u00df placis \u017fere,\n [Sidenote: But at last they are nearly all overpowered by numbers.]\n W{i}t{h} multitud y{ar} folk confu\u017fit were,\n That long in \u017fich wy\u00df my{ch}t thai no{ch}t {con}te\u00f1.\n\n [Footnote T73: Another spelling of _warld_, i.e. world, which\n occurs in the fuller form in l.\u00a03212.]\n\n[Headnote: SIR KAY\u2019S MESSAGE TO SIR HARWY.]\n\n [Sidenote: Sir Kay sends Gawane\u2019s squire with a message to Sir\n Harwy that he ought not to suffer the best knight that ever bore\n arms to be surprised,]\n S{ir} kay, that hath \u017f{ir} gawans q\u017fquyar{is} \u017fen, 3204\n He clepit hyme, and haith hyme prayt \u017fo,\n That to \u017f{ir} harwy the rewell wil he go,\n And \u017fay to hyme, \u201cws think hyme ewil awy\u017fit;\n For her throuch hyme he \u017fufferit be \u017fuppri\u017fit 3208\n The be\u017ft kny{ch}t that eu{er} armys bur;\n And if it \u017fo befell of adwentur,\n In his defalt, that he be ded or lamyt,\n This warld \u017fal have hyme vtraly defamyt. 3212\n [Sidenote: nor six knights of the Round Table to be discomfited.]\n And her ar of the round table al\u017fo\n A falou\u017fchip, that \u017fall in well and wo\n Abid w{i}t{h} hyme, and furt{h} for to endur\n Of lyf or deth, this day, thar adwentur; 3216\n And if \u017fo fal di\u017fcumfyt at thai bee,\n The king may \u017fay that wond{er} ewill haith he\n Contenit hyme, and kepit his honore,\n Thus for to tyne of chevalry the flour!\u201d 3220\n [Sidenote: The squire takes the message.]\n The \u017fqw[y]ar hard, and furt{h} his way Raid,\n In termys \u017fchort he al his me\u017fag \u017faid.\n S{ir} harwy \u017faith, \u201cy wytne\u00df god, that I\n Neu{er} in my days comytit tratory, 3224\n And if I now begyne In to myne eld,\n In ewill tyme fyr\u017ft com I to this feld;\n [Sidenote: Sir Harwy says that Sir Kay shall have no cause to\n reprove him.]\n Bot, if god will, I \u017fal me \u017fon di\u017fcharg.\n Say to \u017f{ir} kay, I \u017fal not ber the charg, 3228\n He \u017fal no mat{er} have me to rapref,\n I \u017fal amend this mys if that I lef.\u201d\n The \u017fqwyar went and tellit to \u017f{ir} kay;\n\n [Sidenote: Sir Harwy comes to support them;]\n ++And \u017f{ir} harwy, in al the ha\u017ft he may, 3232\n A\u017f\u017femblyt hath his o\u017ft{is}, & ono\u00f1\n In gret de\u017fyre on the feld is gon [Fol. 40a.]\n Before his folk, and haldith furt{h} his way;\n Don goith his \u017fper, and ewyne before \u017f{ir} kay 3236\n So hard o kny{ch}t he \u017ftrykith in his ten\n That hor\u00df and he lay boith apone the gren.\n S{ir} gawan \u017faw the count{er} that he maad,\n And leuch for al the \u017farues that he had: 3240\n [Sidenote: and proves himself a better warrior than might have\n been expected of one so old.]\n That day \u017f{ir} harwy prewyt in the feld\n Of armys more than longith to his eld,\n For he was more than fyfty yher of ag,\n Set he was fer\u00df and \u021dong in his curag; 3244\n And fro that he a\u017f\u017femblyt his bataill\n [Sidenote: Galiot\u2019s folk are beaten.]\n Doune goith the folk of galot{is} al haill;\n For to w{i}t{h}\u017ftond thai war of no poware,\n And yhit of folk x thou\u017fand mo thei vare. 3248\n\n [Sidenote: King Valydone comes to support them.]\n ++Kyng valydone, that \u017fauch on \u017fuch o wy\u00df\n His falowis dang{er}it w{i}t{h} thar ennemys,\n W{i}t{h} al his folk, being fre\u00df and new,\n Goith to the feld onon, them to re\u017f\u017fkew; 3252\n Thar was the feld ry{ch}t p{er}ellus a\u021da\u00f1e,\n Of arthuris folk ful many on var \u017flan.\n\n [Sidenote: Angus comes to aid Arthur\u2019s men.]\n ++Bot angus, quhich that lykith not to bid,\n And \u017faw the p{er}ell one the tother \u017fid, 3256\n His \u017fted he \u017ftrok, and w{i}t{h} his o\u017ft is gon\n Whar was mo\u017ft ned, and thar the feld has ton.\n\n [Sidenote: Clamedyus comes to aid Galiot\u2019s men.]\n ++Kyng clamedyus makith non abaid,\n Bot w{i}t{h} his o\u017ft one to the \u017fid he raid. 3260\n\n[Headnote: GALIOT\u2019S FOLK ARE WORSTED.]\n\n [Sidenote: Ywons encounters Clamedyus.]\n ++And ywons king, that haith his cu{m}myn \u017fen,\n Encount{er}it hyme in myddis of the gre\u00f1.\n The aucht batell{is} a\u017f\u017femblyt one this wi\u00df;\n [Sidenote: Great clamour and lamentable cries on either side.]\n On ather half the clamore and the cryi\u00df 3264\n Was lametable and petws for til her,\n Of kny{ch}t{is} wich in diu{er}\u00df placis \u017fere\n Wondit war, and fallyng to and fro,\n \u021chit galyot{is} folk war xx thou\u017fand mo. 3268\n\n [Sidenote: The black knight bids himself remember love\u2019s power\n over him;]\n ++The blak kny{ch}t than on to hyme-\u017felf he \u017faid:\n \u201cRemembir the, how yhow haith ben araid,\n Ay \u017fen ye hour that yow was makid kny{ch}t,\n W{i}t{h} love, a\u021dane quhois powar & whois my{ch}t 3272\n Yow haith no \u017ftrenth, yow may It not endur,\n Nor \u021dhit non vthir erthly creatur;\n [Sidenote: and that only his lady\u2019s mercy or his life\u2019s end can\n amend him.]\n And bot two thing{is} ar the to amend,\n Thi ladice mercy, or thi lyvys end. 3276\n And well yhow wot that on to hir p{re}\u017fens,\n Til hir e\u017ftat, nor til hir excellens, [Fol. 40b.]\n Thi febilne\u00df neu{er}more is able\n For to attan, \u017fche is \u017fo honorable. 3280\n And \u017fen no way yow may \u017fo hie extend,\n\n[Headnote: THE BLACK KNIGHT\u2019S DARING RESOLUTION.]\n\n [Sidenote: He counsels himself to strive for her thanks,]\n My verray con\u017fell is, that yow pretend\n This day, (\u017fen yow becu{m}myne art hir kny{ch}t\n Of hir comand, and fechtit in hir \u017fy{ch}t), 3284\n And well yow \u017fchaw, \u017fen yow may do no mor,\n That of re\u017fone \u017fche \u017fal the thank tharfore;\n [Sidenote: and to be ashamed of every point of cowardice.]\n Of euery poynt of cowardy yow \u017fcham,\n And in til armys purche\u00df the \u017fum nam.\u201d 3288\n W{i}t{h} that of love in to o new de\u017fir\n [Sidenote: Swift as a crossbow-bolt he seeks the field.]\n His \u017fpere he \u017ftraucht, and \u017fwift as any wyre\n W{i}t{h} al his for\u00df the n{er}e\u017ft feld he \u017foght;\n His ful \u017ftrenth in armys thar he vroght, 3292\n In to the feld ru\u017fching to and fro,\n Doune goith the man, doune goith the hor\u00df also;\n Sum throw the \u017fcheld is per\u017fit to the hart,\n Sum throw the hed, he may It not a\u017ftart. 3296\n [Sidenote: His sword carves the head from some, and cuts the arms\n of others in twain.]\n His bludy \u017fuerd he dreuch, that carwit \u017fo\n Fro \u017fum the hed, and \u017fum the arm in two;\n Sum in the feld fellit is in \u017fwo\u00f1,\n Throw \u017fum his \u017fuerd goith to the \u017fadill doune. 3300\n His fois waren aba\u017fit of his dedis,\n His mortell \u017ftrok \u017fo gretly for to dred Is;\n [Sidenote: When his foes see him, they leave the place for dread\n of death.]\n Whar thai hyme \u017faw, w{i}t{h}in a lytall \u017fpace,\n For dreid of ded, thai levyng hyme the place, 3304\n That many o \u017ftrok ful oft he haith forlor\u00f1;\n The \u017fpedy hor\u00df away the kny{ch}t hath bor\u00f1.\n In to his wyrking neu{er}more he \u017fe\u017ft,\n Nor non abaid he makith, nor are\u017ft. 3308\n [Sidenote: His knightly deeds assure his fellows.]\n His falowis, \u017fo in his kny{ch}thed a\u017f\u017furyd,\n Thai ar reco{m}fort, thar manhed is recou{er}yt,\n And one thar fois ful fer\u017fly thai \u017foght,\n Thar goith the lyf of many o kny{ch}t to no{ch}t. 3312\n So was the batell wond{er}ful to tell,\n Of kny{ch}t{is} to \u017fe the multitud that fell,\n [Sidenote: It was pitiful to see the knights gaping upon the green.]\n That pety was til ony kny{ch}t to \u017fe\u00f1\n The kny{ch}t{is} lying gaping on the gren. 3316\n The blak kny{ch}t ay {con}tinewit \u017fo fa\u017ft,\n Whill[T74] many one, di\u017fcumfit at the la\u017ft,\n Are fled, and planly of the feld thei pas: [Fol. 41a.]\n\n [Footnote T74: MS. \u201cWhilk.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: GALIOT WONDERS WHY HIS MEN FLEE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Galiot asks his men why they flee.]\n And galyot haith wondyr, for he was 3320\n Of mor powar, and a\u017fkit at them qwhy\n As cowart{is} thai fled \u017fa \u017fchamfully?\n [Sidenote: A knight replies, that whoever likes may go and see\n marvels.]\n Than \u017faith o kny{ch}t, \u017for wondit in the brayne,\n \u201cWho lykith, he may Retwrn a\u021dayne 3324\n Frome qwhens we come, m{er}walis for to \u017fee,\n That in his tyme neu{er} \u017fich \u017fauch hee.\u201d\n [Sidenote: Galiot asks, what marvels; and the knight tells him\n there is a knight who vanquishes all;]\n \u201cMarwell,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201cthat dar I boldly \u017fay\n Thay may be callit, and quhat thai ar, I pray?\u201d 3328\n \u201cSchir, in the feld for\u017futh thar is o kny{ch}t,\n That only throw his body and his my{ch}t\n Wencu\u017f\u017fith all, that thar may non \u017fu\u017ften\n His \u017ftrokis, thai ar \u017fo fureows and ken. 3332\n [Sidenote: who fares as a lion or a bear;]\n He farith as o lyone or o beyre,\n Wod in his rag, for \u017fich is his affere.\n [Sidenote: to whom the red knight hears no comparison.]\n Nor he the kny{ch}t in to the armys Red,\n Wich at the first a\u017f\u017femble in this \u017fted 3336\n Wencu\u017f\u017fith all, and had the holl renown,\n He may to this be no comp{ar}y\u017fou{n}e,\n Fore neu{er} he \u017fe\u017fith \u017fen the day vas go\u00f1,\n Bot eu{er}more {con}tinewit in to one.\u201d 3340\n [Sidenote: Galiot says he will go and see.]\n Quod galiot, \u201cin nome of god and we\n Al, be tyme, the \u017futhfa\u017ftne\u00df \u017fal see.\u201d\n\n[Headnote: GALIOT RALLIES HIS MEN.]\n\n [Sidenote: Galiot is armed, rallies the flyers, and encourages\n his men.]\n [T]han he in armys that he had is gon,\n And to the feld w{i}t{h} hyme a\u021dane hath ton 3344\n Al the flear{is}, and foundyne [in][T75] \u017fich aray\n His folk, that ner di\u017fcumfyt al war thay;\n Bot quhen thai \u017faw cu{m}myne our the plan\n Thar lord, thai tuk \u017fich hardeme{n}t a\u021da\u00f1, 3348\n [Sidenote: They shout their war-cries.]\n That thar e\u017f\u017fen\u021deis lowd thai gon to cry.\n He chargit tham to go, that ware hyme by,\n Straucht to the feld, w{i}t{h} al thar holl for\u00df;\n And thai, the wich that \u017fparit not the hor\u00df, 3352\n All redy war to fillyng his {com}mand,\n And fre\u017fchly went, w{i}t{h}owten more demand:\n Throw qwich thar folk recou{er}yt haith thar place,\n [Sidenote: All think a new host is coming.]\n For al the feld p{re}\u017fwmyt that thar was 3356\n O new o\u017ft, one \u017fuch o wy\u00df thai \u017foght;\n [Sidenote: Arthur\u2019s folk determine rather to die than fly.]\n Whar arthuris folk had pa\u017f\u017fith al to no{ch}t,\n Ne war that thai the bett{er} war ilko\u00f1e,\n And at thai can them vtraly di\u017fpo\u00f1e 3360\n Rathar to dee than flee, in thar entent, [Fol. 41b.]\n And of the blak kny{ch}t haith \u017fich hardyment;\n For at al p{er}ell, al harmys, and my\u017fchef,\n In tyme of ned he can tham al ralef. 3364\n\n [Footnote T75: The sense, but not the metre, requires \u201cin.\u201d]\n\n [T]har was the batell danger{us} & \u017ftrong,\n Gret was the pres, bat{h} perell{us} & throng;\n [Sidenote: The black knight is borne to the ground.]\n The blak kny{ch}t is born on to the ground,\n His hor\u00df hyme falyth, that fellith dethis wound. 3368\n [Sidenote: The six comrades go to the earth.]\n The vi falowis, that falowit hyme al day,\n Sich was the pre\u00df, that to the erth go thay;\n And thar in myd among his ennemys\n He was about enclo\u017fit one \u017fich wy\u00df 3372\n [Sidenote: None know where he is.]\n That quhare he was non of [his] falowis knew,\n Nor my{ch}t no{ch}t cum to help hyme, nore re\u017fkew.\n And thus among his ennemys allon\n [Sidenote: He defends himself with his sword.]\n His nakid \u017fuerd out of his hond haith ton; 3376\n And thar he p{re}wit his wertew & h{is} \u017ftrenth;\n For thar was none w{i}t{h}in the \u017fuerdis lenth\n That came, bot he goith to confu\u017fioune.\n [Sidenote: No helm nor habergeon may resist his sword.]\n Thar was no helme, thar was no habirioune, 3380\n That may re\u017fi\u017ft his \u017fuerd, he \u017fmytith so;\n One euery \u017fyd he helpith to and fro,\n That al about the compas thai my{ch}t ken;\n The ded hor\u00df lyith vir\u017flyng w{i}t{h} the men. 3384\n Thai hyme a\u017f\u017fal\u021deing bot{h} w{i}t{h} \u017fcheld & \u017fpere,\n [Sidenote: He fares like a bear at the stake, that snubs the\n hardy hounds.]\n And he a\u021dane; as at the \u017ftok the bere\n Snybbith the hardy hound{is} that ar ken,\n So farith he; for neu{er} my{ch}t be \u017fen 3388\n His \u017fuerd to re\u017ft, that in the gret rout\n He rowmyth all the compas hyme about.\n\n[Headnote: GALIOT WONDERS AT LANCELOT\u2019S PROWESS.]\n\n [A]nd galiot, beholding his manhed,\n [Sidenote: Galiot wonders at his deeds;]\n W{i}t{h}in his-\u017felf wond{er}ith of his ded, 3392\n How that the body only of o kny{ch}t\n Haith \u017fich o \u017ftrenth, haith \u017fich affere & my{ch}t;\n Than \u017faid he thus, \u201cI wald not that throw me,\n [Sidenote: and says that such a knight shall not die on his\n account.]\n Or for my cau\u00df, that \u017fuch o kny{ch}t \u017fuld dee, 3396\n To conquer all this world that is \u017fo larg.\u201d\n His hor\u00df than can he w{i}t{h} his \u017fpuris charg,\n A gret trun\u017fioune In to his hond hath ton,\n And in the thike\u017ft of the pre\u00df is go\u00f1, 3400\n [Sidenote: He charges all his folk to cease;]\n And al his folk chargit he to \u017fe\u00df.\n At his {com}mand thai levyng al the pre\u00df;\n And quhen he had departit all the rout, [Fol. 42a.]\n He \u017faid, \u201c\u017f{ir} kny{ch}t, havith now no dout.\u201d 3404\n Wich an\u017fwerit, \u201cI have no cau\u00df to dred.\u201d\n [Sidenote: and assures the black knight that he will himself\n warrant him from all harm.]\n \u201c\u021cis,\u201d q{uod} he, \u201c\u017fa eu{er} god me \u017fped,\n Bot apone fut quhill \u021de ar fechtand here,\n And yhow defendith apone \u017fich manere, 3408\n So hardely, and ek \u017fo lyk o kny{ch}t,\n I \u017fal my-\u017felf w{i}t{h} al my holl my{ch}t\n Be yhour defens, and varand fra al harmys;\n Bot had yhe left of wor\u017fchip In til armys, 3412\n What I have don I wold apone no wy\u00df;\n Bot \u017fen yhe ar of kny{ch}thed \u017fo to prys,\n \u021che \u017fal[T76] no man{er} cau\u00df have for to dred:\n\n [Footnote T76: MS. \u201c\u017falt.\u201d]\n\n[Headnote: GALIOT GIVES LANCELOT HIS OWN HORSE.]\n\n [Sidenote: He offers him as many horses as he needs; and proposes\n that they shall never again part.]\n And \u017fet yhour hor\u00df be falit at this ned, 3416\n Di\u017fple\u00df yhow not, for-quhy \u021de \u017fal not want\n Als many as yhow lykith for to hawnt;\n And I my-\u017felf, I \u017fal yhowr \u017fqwyar bee,\n And, if god will, neu{er} more \u017fal wee 3420\n [Sidenote: He \u2019lights from his horse, and gives him to Lancelot,\n who thanks him.]\n Dep{ar}t;\u201d w{i}t{h} that, anon he can to lycht\n Doune frome his hor\u00df, and gaf hyme to y^e kny{ch}t.\n The lord he thonkit, and the hor\u00df hath ton,\n And als \u017fo fre\u017fch one to the feld is gon, 3424\n As at no \u017ftrok{is} he that day had ben.\n His falowis glad, one hor\u00df that hath hy{m} \u017fen,\n To galiot one vthir hor\u00df thai broght;\n And he goith one, and frome the feld he \u017fo{ch}t, 3428\n [Sidenote: Galiot returns to his host, and chooses a band of\n 10,000 men.]\n And to the plan quhar that his o\u017ft{is} were;\n And brandymagus chargit he to \u017ftere\n Eft{er} hyme, w{i}t{h}in a lytill \u017fpace,\n And x thou\u017fand he takyne w{i}t{h} hy{m} ha\u00df. 3432\n Towart the feld onon he can to Rid,\n And chargit them befor ye o\u017ft to byd.\n [Sidenote: The trumpets, clarions, horns, and bugles are sounded.]\n Wp goith the trumpet{is}, and the claryownis,\n Hornys, bugill{is} blawing furt{h} thar \u017fownis, 3436\n That al the cuntre re\u017fownit hath about;\n [Sidenote: Arthur\u2019s folk despair.]\n Than arthuris folk var in di\u017fpar & dout,\n That hard the noys, and \u017faw the m{u}ltitud\n Of fre\u017fch folk; thai cam as thai war wod. 3440\n\n[Headnote: LANCELOT HARANGUES ARTHUR\u2019S HOST.]\n\n [Sidenote: The sable knight, still fearless,]\n [B]ot he that was w{i}t{h}owten any dred,\n In \u017fabill cled, and \u017faw the gret ned,\n A\u017f\u017femblyt al his falowis, and arayd;\n [Sidenote: harangues his men, saying,]\n And thus to them in manly t{er}mes \u017faid: 3444\n \u201cWhat that \u021de ar I knaw not yhour e\u017ftat, [Fol. 42b.]\n [Sidenote: \u201cI know not who ye are, but I know that ye ought to\n be commended.]\n Bot of ma{n}hed and wor\u017fchip, well I wat,\n Out throuch this warld yhe aw to be {com}me{n}dit,\n This day \u021de have \u017fo kny{ch}tly yhow defendit. 3448\n [Sidenote: Ye see how your enemies, as night approaches, are\n striving to give you an outrage or a fright.]\n And now yhe \u017fee how that, a\u021danis the ny{ch}t,\n Yhour ennemys p{re}tendit w{i}t{h} thar myght\n Of multitud, and w{i}t{h} thar new o\u017ft,\n And w{i}t{h} thar buglis and thar wynd{is} bo\u017ft 3452\n Fre\u017fchly cu{m}myng In to \u017fich aray,\n To ifyne yhow one owtrag[T77] or affray.\n And now almo\u017ft cu{m}myne Is the ny{ch}t,\n [Sidenote: Employ then your courage, so that the honour ye have\n won be not again lost.]\n Quharfor yhour \u017ftrenth, yhour curag, & yhovr my{ch}t 3456\n Yhe occupye in to \u017fo manly wy\u00df,\n That the wor\u017fchip of kny{ch}thed & empry\u00df\n That yhe have wonyng, and ye g{re}t renown\n Be not ylo\u017ft, be not ylaid doune. 3460\n For one hour the \u017fufferyng of di\u017ftre\u00df,\n Gret harm It war yhe tyne the hie encre\u00df\n Of vor\u017fchip, \u017f{er}uit al this day before.\n And to yhow al my con\u017fell is, tharfore, 3464\n [Sidenote: Resolve then to meet them sharply, without fear, so\n that they may feel the cold spear in their hearts.]\n W{i}t{h} manly curag, but radour, yhe p{re}tend\n To met tham \u017fcharply at the \u017fperis end,\n So that thei feil the cold \u017fperis poynt\n Out-throw thar \u017fcheld{is}, in thar hart{is} poynt. 3468\n So \u017fal thai fynd we ar no-thing affrayt;\n Whar-throuch we \u017fall the well le\u00df be a\u017f\u017fayt.\n [Sidenote: Perhaps then the foremost will make the rest afraid.\u201d]\n If that we met them \u017fcharply in the berd,\n The forme\u017ft \u017fal mak al the laif afferd.\u201d 3472\n And w{i}t{h} o woy\u00df thai cry al, \u201c\u017f{ir} kny{ch}t,\n Apone yhour manhed, and yhour gret my{ch}t,\n [Sidenote: They promise to stand firm.]\n We \u017fal abid, for no man \u017fhall e\u017fchef\n Frome yhow this day, his ma{n}hed for to pref.\u201d 3476\n [Sidenote: Sir Yvan also bids his men be comforted; for that they\n see all the strength of their enemies.]\n And to his o\u017ft the lord \u017f{ir} yvane \u017faid,\n \u201cYhe comfort yow, yhe be no-thing affrayd,\n Ws ned no more to dreding of \u017fuppri\u00df;\n We \u017fe the \u017ftrenth of al our ennemys.\u201d 3480\n Thus he \u017faid, for he wend thai var no mo,\n [Sidenote: Sir Gawane, however, knew better.]\n Bot \u017f{ir} gawan knew well It vas not \u017fo;\n For al the o\u017ft{is} my{ch}t he \u017fe al day,\n And the gret ho\u017ft he \u017faw quhar y{a}t it lay. 3484\n\n [Footnote T77: MS. \u201cowtray.\u201d See Glossary.]\n\n[Headnote: THE POEM ABRUPTLY ENDS.]\n\n [Sidenote: Galiot also exhorts his men.]\n [A]nd galiot he can his folk exort,\n Be\u017feching them to be of good comfort,\n And \u017fich encont{er}\n\n[_The rest is wanting._]\n\n\n\n\nNOTES.\n\n\n[It may be observed, once for all, that the expression _in to_\nrepeatedly occurs where we should simply use _in_; and _one to_ is in\nlike manner put for _unto_. The ending _-ith_ (for _-ed_) is frequent in\nthe past tense, and _-it_ (also for _-ed_) in the past participle,\nthough this distinction is not always observed. A\u00a0still more noticeable\nending is _-ing_ (for _-en_) in the infinitive. Observe further that the\nletters _v_, _u_, and _w_ are perfectly convertible, and used quite\nindiscriminately; so that _wpone_ means _upon_; _vthir_ means _uthir_,\ni.e., _other_: _our_ is put for _over_; _vounde_ signifies _wound_,\netc.]\n\nPage 1, line 1. _The soft morow._ This nominative case has no verb.\nA\u00a0similar construction occurs in the first lines of Books II. and III.\n\n4. _Uprisith--his hot courss_, Upriseth in his hot course; _chare_,\nchariot.\n\n6. _sent_, sendeth; so also _stant_, standeth, l.\u00a0326.\n\n8. _valkyne_, waken.\n\n10. _gyrss_, grass.\n\n11. _assay_, assault.\n\n13. _wox_, voice.\n\n17. _frome I can_, from the time that I did.\n\n18. _It deuit me_, it availed me. Jamieson gives \u201c_Dow_, 1. to be able;\nA.S. _dugan_ (_valere_), to be able. 2. to avail; Teut. _doogen_.\u201d\n\nP. 2, l. 23. _hewy \u021derys_, heavy years.\n\n24. \u201cUntil that Ph\u0153bus had thrice gone through his full circuits\u201d (lit.\nspheres). See the peculiar use of \u201cpas\u201d in other places.\n\n26. \u201cSo, by such a manner, was my lot fated;\u201d see l.\u00a041.\n\n28. _carving can_, did cut.\n\n30. _be the morow_, by the morn.\n\n36. _neulyngis_, newly, anew.\n\n43. _walkith_, walked.\n\n50. _I-clede_, y-clad, clad. Ch. has _clede_.\n\n54. \u201cNo one within thought he could be seen by any wight outside.\u201d\n\nP. 3, l. 56. _clos it_, enclose it; the MS. has _closit_.\n\n57. _alphest._ This reading of the MS. is an error for _alcest_. See\nChaucer, Prologue to Legend of good women, l.\u00a0511:\n\n \u201cThe gret{e} goodnesse of the quene Alceste,\n That turned was into a dayesye,\u201d\n\nAlceste being the contracted form of Alcestis.\n\n59. _Wnclosing gane_, did unclose.\n\n60. \u201cThe bright sun had illumined the spray, and had updrawn (upwarped)\ninto the lusty air the night\u2019s soft (sober) and moist showers; and had\nmade the morning soft, pleasant, and fair.\u201d With this difficult passage\nwe should compare l.\u00a02477.\n\n66. _Quhill_, until.\n\n67. _till ony vicht_, to any wight.\n\n69. _Bot gladness til the thochtful, euer mo_, etc., \u201cBut, as for\ngladness to the melancholy man, evermore the more he seeth of it, the\nmore wo he hath.\u201d\n\n73. _represent_, represented (accented on the second syllable).\n\n74. _Al day gan be sor_, etc., \u201cAll the day, my spirit began to dwell in\ntorment, through sorrow of thought;\u201d _be sor_, by sorrow (A.S. sorh).\n\n77. _Ore slep, or how I wot_, \u201cOr sleep, ere I knew how.\u201d\n\n83. _A-licht_, alighted.\n\n84. _levis in to were_, livest in doubt.\n\nP. 4, l. 91. _be morow_, by morrow; at early morn.\n\n99. _set_, although.\n\n103. _weil accordinge_, very fitting.\n\n105. _long ore he be sonde_, (It is) long ere he be sound.\n\n108. _seith, for to consel_, saith, that as for concealing or shewing,\netc.\n\n109. _althir-best_, lit. best of all; see Chaucer\u2019s use of _alderfirst,\nalderlast_.\n\nP. 5, l. 127. _lat be thi nyss dispare_, let be thy nice (foolish)\ndespair.\n\n128. _erith_, earth.\n\n134. _schall hyme hating_, shall hate him. The termination _-ing_ is\nhere the sign of the infinitive mood after the verb _shall_.\n\n140. _Set_, although.\n\n146. _tak one hand and mak_, undertake and compose; _trety_, treatise;\n_vnkouth_, unknown, new.\n\n151. _belevis_, believe will please thy lady.\n\n160. _yis_, this.\n\nP. 6, l. 161. _troucht_, truth.\n\n163. _discharge_, release.\n\n170. _spir_, sphere.\n\n171. \u201cAt command of a wise (god from) whose vision,\u201d etc. We sometimes\nfind in old English the adjective \u201ca\u00a0wise\u201d used absolutely for \u201ca\u00a0wise\nman.\u201d See \u201cLe Morte Arthur,\u201d ed. F.\u00a0J. Furnivall, l.\u00a03318.\n\n175. _tynt_, lost.\n\n177. _be this worldis fame_. Here again, as in many other passages, \u201cbe\u201d\nexpresses with relation to, as regards.\n\n185. _yaim_, them.\n\n191. _demande_, demur.\n\nP. 7, l. 198. _Quhill_, until.\n\n200. _conten_, treat; lit. contain.\n\n202. Lancelot is here called the son of Ban, king of Albanak; so again\nin l.\u00a01447.\n\n204. _redis_, read.\n\n214. \u201cI\u00a0will not waste my efforts thereupon.\u201d\n\n219. _wnwyst_, unwist, unknown.\n\n225. _nome_, name.\n\n226. _Iwondit to the stak_, very deeply wounded; but there is no doubt\nabout the origin of the phrase. See Glossary.\n\n228. _astart_, get rid of it, escape it.\n\nP. 8, l. 240. _dedenyt to aras_, deigned to pluck out.\n\n244. _hurtare_, hurter.\n\n245. _Iwond_, wounded.\n\n248. _ful wicht_, full nimble.\n\n251. _of quhome_, by whom.\n\n253. _send_, sent.\n\n257. _pasing vassolag_, surpassing prowess.\n\n260. \u201cPassed down into the fell caves.\u201d\n\n264. _tane_, taken.\n\n266. _cwre_, care.\n\nP. 9, l. 267. _gart be maid_, caused to be made.\n\n271. _awoue_, vow.\n\n275. _in to that gret Revare_, in that great river.\n\n284. _o\u00a0gret confusione of pupil and knychtis_, al enarmyt, a\u00a0great\nmedley of people and knights, all fully armed. Stevenson actually reads\n_unarmyt!_\n\n294. _I\u00a0wil report_; both here and in l.\u00a0320 we should almost expect to\nfind \u201c_I\u00a0nil report_;\u201d i.e. I\u00a0will not tell. It must mean, \u201cI\u00a0will tell\nyou why I omit to mention these things.\u201d Compare lines 266, 320.\n\n297. _thing_, think.\n\nP. 10, l. 305. _veris_, wars.\n\n306. _be the wais_, by the ways.\n\n307. _Tuex_, betwixt; _accorde_, agreement.\n\n314. _mot_, must.\n\n316. _stek_, concluded.\n\n319. _most conpilour_, very great composer.\n\n320. \u201cAs to whose name I will only say, that it is unfit,\u201d etc.\n\n326. _stant_, standeth.\n\n328. _yroung_, rung.\n\n330. _beith_, shall be; observe the _future_ sense of _beith_ in this\nplace.\n\n331. _suet_, sweet.\n\n332. \u201cHis soul in bliss preserved be on that account.\u201d\n\n334. _and this endit._ Whether _endit_ here refers to _inditing_ or\n_ending_ is perhaps doubtful.\n\n\nNOTES TO BOOK I.\n\nP. 11, l. 336. If by _aryeit_ is here meant the _sign_, not the\n_constellation_ of Aries, the day referred to is April 1 or\u00a02, according\nto Chaucer\u2019s \u201cAstrolabie.\u201d\n\n338. _bewis_, boughs.\n\n340. _makyne gone_, did make.\n\n341. _in ther chere_, after their fashion. (For _chere_, see Glossary.)\n\n345. _auerding to_, belonging to.\n\n351. _Anoit_, annoyed.\n\n352. _For why_, wherefore; so also _for-thi_, therefore.\n\n354. _can_, began.\n\n355. _sende_, sent.\n\n358. _heryng_, hear (infin. mood). In the next line it occurs as a\npresent participle.\n\n362. _to pas hyme_, to go, depart.\n\n364. _meit_, to dream of; _aperans_, an appearance, apparition.\n\nP. 12, l. 365. _hore_, hair.\n\n375. _vombe_, womb; hence bowels.\n\n377. _stert_, started.\n\n384. _gert_, caused.\n\n390. _traist_, trust.\n\n397. _demande_, demur, delay.\n\n398. _at_, that.\n\nP. 13, l. 407. _whill_, until.\n\n408. _the_, they.\n\n410. _to viting_, to know.\n\n412. _shauyth al hall_, sheweth all whole.\n\n414. _chesith_, chooseth.\n\n422. _shire_, sir.\n\n424. _fore to awysing_, in order to take counsel.\n\n432. All this about _astronomy_ (i.e. astrology) should be compared with\nGower; Conf. Amantis, lib. vii; ed. Pauli, vol. 3, pp.\u00a0133, 134.\nArachell, Nembrote, Moises, Hermes are there mentioned as astrologers.\n\n433. The MS. has \u201cset\u201d (_not_ with a long _s_). Mr Stevenson has \u201cfet,\u201d\nwhich would seem right.\n\nP. 14, l. 435. _nembrot_, Nimrod; see _Genesis and Exodus_ (E.E.T.S.),\nl.\u00a0659.\n\n436. _herynes_, miswritten for _herymes_, i.e. Hermes.\n\n439. \u201cThe which they found were wondrously evil set.\u201d\n\n440. _his sweuen met_, dreamed his dream.\n\n443. _waryng in to were_, were in doubt.\n\n444. _danger_, power to punish; compare Shakspere\u2019s use of the word.\n\n457. _but delay_, without delay.\n\n459. _stondith heuy cherith_, stood heavy-cheered, was sad in his\ndemeanour.\n\n465. _fundyng_, found.\n\n466. _depend to_, depend upon.\n\nP. 15, l. 475. _tone_, taken.\n\n478. _assey_, test.\n\n481. _record_, to tell out, speak.\n\n487. _preseruith It allan_, is preserved alone.\n\n499. _affy in-tyll_, rely upon.\n\n500. _failye_, fail.\n\n504. _there clergy_, their science.\n\nP. 16, l. 519. \u201cThrough the watery lion, who is also faithful, and\nthrough the leech and eke the water also, and through the counsel of the\nflower.\u201d It is very possible this passage is partly corrupt; l.\u00a0520\nshould certainly be (as may be seen from lines 2010, 2056),\n\n \u201cAnd throuch the leich withouten medysyne.\u201d\n\nThe meanings of lion, leech, and flower are fully explained, however, in\nlines 2013-2120.\n\n524. _weyne_, vain.\n\n527. _passid nat his thoght_, left not his thoughts.\n\n531. _rachis_, braches, dogs.\n\n533. _grewhundis_, grayhounds.\n\n536. This purely conjectural line is merely inserted to carry on the\nsense. It is imitated from line 3293. In the next line we should read\n\u201cgrewhundis,\u201d rather than \u201cgrewhund.\u201d\n\n538. _Befor ther hedis_, before their heads.\n\nP. 17, l. 545. \u201cAll armed, as was then the fashion.\u201d\n\n546. _salust_, saluted.\n\n548. _kend_, known.\n\n549. _leuyth_, liveth.\n\n552. The rime requires \u201cland,\u201d as in l.\u00a0638.\n\n553. _yald hyme our_, yield him over.\n\n554. _if tribut_, give tribute.\n\n566. _recist_, resist; _mone bee_, must be.\n\n568. _be_, by.\n\n569. _day moneth day_, ere this day month; comp. l.\u00a01162.\n\nP. 18, l. 577. _fairhed_, fair-hood, beauty.\n\n587. _magre myne entent_, in spite of my intention.\n\n591. _nome_, took.\n\n593. _Inquere at_, inquire of.\n\n596. _wes_, was.\n\n599. _rase_, rose.\n\n605. _accordith_, agree thereto.\n\n606. _recordith_, belongith.\n\n607. _visare_, wiser.\n\nP. 19, l. 621. _This spek I lest_, this I list to speak.\n\n622. _varnit_, warned.\n\n626. \u201cThough the season of the year was contrary.\u201d\n\n627. _atte_, at the.\n\n629. _the ilk_, that (Scotch _thilk_).\n\n632. _Melyhalt_, the name both of a hill, and of the town built upon it.\n\n636. _affray_, terror.\n\n642. _wnconquest_, unconquered.\n\n643. _cwre_, care.\n\nP. 20, l. 649. _nemmyt_, named.\n\n652. _were_, war.\n\n654. _or than to morn_, earlier than to-morrow.\n\n660. _our few_, over few.\n\n677. _northest_, north-east.\n\nP. 21, l. 686. _fechteris_, fighters.\n\n688. _holde_, held.\n\n691. _presone_, prison.\n\n697. _peite_, pity.\n\n699. The metre of Lancelot\u2019s lament is that of Chaucer\u2019s \u201cCuckoo and\nNightingale,\u201d and was very possibly copied from it. _Qwhat haue y gilt_,\nwhat crime have I committed.\n\n702. _ago_, gone.\n\n703. _nat_, naught; _me glaid_, gladden me.\n\n706. _til haue_, to have.\n\n709. _Sen thelke tyme_, since that time.\n\nP. 22, l. 718. _of remed_, for a remedy.\n\n719. _sesith_, ceaseth.\n\n723. _with this lady_, by this lady.\n\n728. _laisere_, leisure.\n\n731. _diuerss wais sere_, divers several ways.\n\n733. _bur_, bore.\n\n735. _cher_, car.\n\n740. _dout_, to fear.\n\n745. _but were_, without doubt. This expression often occurs.\n\nP. 23, l. 751. _few menye_, small company; an oddly sounding expression\nto modern ears.\n\n753. _cold_, called.\n\n754. _hot_, hight, was named.\n\n755. _but in his cumpany_, unless he had with him.\n\n757. _He saith_; the speaker is the captain of the hundred knights,\ncalled in l.\u00a0806 _Maleginis_.\n\n768. _als fell_, just as many.\n\n777. _hard_, heard.\n\n781. _clepit_, called.\n\nP. 24, l. 793, _as he wel couth_, as he well knew how.\n\n796. _sen_, seen.\n\n800. _sen_, since.\n\n806. _was hot_, was hight, was named.\n\n809. _In myde the borde and festinit in the stell_, In the midst they\nencounter, and fastened in the steel. See l.\u00a0850.\n\n812. _Rout_, company.\n\n815. _ferde_, fourth.\n\n817. _sauch thar latter batell steir_, saw their last division stir.\n\nP. 25, l. 820. _gane his mortall fell._ A word seems here omitted; if\nafter _mortall_ we insert _strokis_, the sense will be, \u201cHis enemies\nbegan his mortall strokes to feel.\u201d\n\n825. _worth_, worthy. It would improve the metre to read _worthy_\n(l.\u00a0875).\n\n828. _In to were_, in war, in the strife.\n\n829. _hyme bure_, bore himself.\n\n839. _to-for_, heretofore.\n\n841. _Atour_, i.e. _at over_, across.\n\n842. _assall_, assault. The rime shews we should read _assaill_, as in\nl.\u00a0855.\n\n849. _socht atour_, made their way across. The use of _seke_ in Early\nEnglish is curious.\n\nP. 26, l. 861. _setith his payn vpone_, devotes his endeavours to.\n\n868. _al to-kerwith_, wholly cutteth in pieces.\n\n880. _dirk_, dark.\n\n883. _tan and slan_, taken and slain.\n\nP. 27, l. 895. It frequently occurs in the MS. that a space is left at\nthe beginning of a line, and the first letter of the line is omitted. It\nis evident that the intention was that the first letter should be\nilluminated, and that this, after all, was not done. Here, for instance,\nthe T is omitted, as indicated by the square brackets. So also in\nl.\u00a01083, etc.\n\n897. _pasing home_, go home.\n\n899. _was vent_, had gone.\n\n905. _dulay_, delay. So also _duclar_ for _declare_.\n\n907. _comyne_, came.\n\n908. _ill paid_, displeased.\n\n909. _homly_, humbly. Stevenson reads _hourly_, but this is wrong; see\nl.\u00a0914.\n\n911. _carful_, full of care, unhappy.\n\n912. _withouten were_, without doubt.\n\n914. _lawly_, lowly.\n\n918. _wight_, with (unusual, and perhaps wrong).\n\nP. 28, l. 924. _leife_, live.\n\n929. _eft_, after.\n\n933. _thar longith_, there belongeth.\n\n943. _I\u00a0was for til excuss_, I\u00a0had some excuse.\n\n944. \u201cBecause I did behove (to do it), out of very need.\u201d\n\n946. _lefe it but_, leave it without.\n\n953. _ma_, make.\n\n954. _ga_, go.\n\n955. _of new_, anew.\n\n958. _But if that deth or other lat certan_, \u201cExcept it be owing to\ndeath or other sure hindrance.\u201d\n\nP. 29, l. 960. _be hold_, be held. MS. _behold_. Stevenson suggested the\nalteration, which is certainly correct.\n\n961. _withthy_, on the condition that.\n\n965. _promyt_, promise; _als fast as_, as soon as.\n\n973. _ferd_, fourth.\n\n982. \u201cWhere we shall decide the end of this war.\u201d\n\nP. 30, l. 997. _cag_, cage, prison.\n\n999. _amen_, pleasant.\n\n1000. _vodis_, woods.\n\n1004. _lust_, pleasure (Ch.). But the line is obscure; unless we read\n\u201c_diuersitee_.\u201d\n\n1009. \u201cHis spirit started (owing to the) love (which) anon hath caught\nhim,\u201d etc.\n\n1012. _at_, that.\n\n1014. \u201c(As to) whom they know not at all.\u201d\n\n1019. _sen at_, since that.\n\n1022. _the dewod_, devoid thee.\n\n1024. _and_, if.\n\n1026. _be ony mayne_, by any mean.\n\nP. 31, l. 1027. _y red_, I advise.\n\n1035. _To warnnyng_, to warn.\n\n1040. _our the furdis_, over the fords.\n\n1044. _oyer._ So in MS.; the _y_ representing the old _th_ (_\u00fe_); other.\n\n1046. _hufyng_, halting.\n\n1050. _worschip_, honour. \u201cIt were more expedient to maintain your\nhonour.\u201d\n\n1058. _wonk_, winked.\n\n1062. _vare_, aware.\n\nP. 32, l. 1064. The meaning of \u201cferst-conquest\u201d is \u201cfirst-conquered\u201d\n(_conquest_ being Old Fr. for conquered). It is explained in l.\u00a01547 as\nhaving been a title given to the king whom Galiot first subdued.\n\n1067. _ferss_, fierce.\n\n1070. _suppos_, although.\n\n1073. _he_; viz. the shrew.\n\n1077. The MS. has \u201c\u017fched.\u201d\n\n1080. _ymen_, I\u00a0mean.\n\n1095. _tais_, takes.\n\nP. 33, l. 1109. _Galyot_ put for _Galiotes_, the genitive case-ending\nbeing often omitted, after a proper name especially.\n\n1110. _prewit_, proved, tried.\n\n1129. _traist_, trust.\n\n1131. _that euery thing hath cure_, that (of) everything hath care.\n\nP. 34, l. 1135. \u201cAye from the time that the sun began to light the\nworld\u2019s face, until he was gone.\u201d\n\n1137. _o\u00a0forss_, perforce.\n\n1141. _taiis_, takes.\n\n1142. _hecht_, promised.\n\n1151. _fail\u021deis_, fail.\n\n1154. _fet_, fetched.\n\n1156. _stant_, standeth.\n\n1162. _resput_, respite.\n\n1166. _very knychtis passing_, weary knights go.\n\nP. 35, l. 1170. _till spere_, to inquire.\n\n1177. _ne wor his worschip_, had it not been for his valour.\n\n1187. _qwheyar_, whether. 1191-4. \u201cAnd fond,\u201d etc. These four lines are\nnow for the first time printed. They were omitted by Stevenson,\nevidently by accident.\n\n1196. _Per dee._ Fr. _par Dieu_: an oath common in old ballads,\ngenerally in the form _pardy_.\n\n1197. _vsyt_, used.\n\n1198. \u201cI\u00a0advise that we go unto his arms\u201d (armour).\n\n1203. _haill_, whole.\n\nP. 36, l. 1207. _abwsyt_, abused, i.e. made an ill use of.\n\n1208. _vsyt_, used.\n\n1209. _suppos the best that lewis_, even though (it were) the best that\nlives.\n\n1217. _on slep_, asleep. The prefix _a-_ in English is due to the Saxon\n_on_.\n\n1221. _al to-hurt_, etc. See note in Glossary on the word _To-kerwith_.\n\n1225. _sauch_, saw; _rewit_, rued, pitied.\n\n1233. _one syd a lyt_, a\u00a0little on one side.\n\n1236. _our mekill_, over much.\n\nP. 37, l. 1240. _yarof_, thereof.\n\n1241. _ruput_, repute, think.\n\n1242. _ablare_, abler, readier.\n\n1253. Insert a comma after _thret_, and destroy that after _lowe_. The\nmeaning perhaps is, \u201cBut what if he be appealed to and threatened, and\n(meanwhile) his heart be elsewhere set to love.\u201d Observe that _and_ is\noften the third or fourth word in the sentence it should begin. See\nl.\u00a02833.\n\n1258. _\u021dhe tyne yowr low_, you lose your love.\n\n1260. _conclusit_, ended.\n\n1265. _mokil_, much.\n\n1268. _of new_, anew, again.\n\n1273. _pan_, pain.\n\n\nNOTES TO BOOK II.\n\nP. 38, l. 1279. _thocht_, anxiety.\n\n1284. _apperans_, i.e. vision, as in l.\u00a0364.\n\n1295. _aqwynt_, acquainted; Burns uses _acquent_.\n\n1297. _com_, coming.\n\nP. 39, l. 1316. \u201cSo far out of the way you go in your course.\u201d Compare\nl.\u00a01797.\n\n1317. \u201cThy ship, that goeth upon the stormy surge, nigh of thy revels\n(i.e. because of thy revels) in the gulf it falls, where it is almost\ndrowned in the peril.\u201d\n\n1321. \u201cIn the wretched dance of wickedness.\u201d See the curious uses of the\nword \u201cdaunce\u201d in Chaucer.\n\n1323. _the son_, thee soon.\n\n1330. _powert_, poverty; _as the-selwyne wat_, as thyself knows.\n\n1334. _in to spousag_, in wedlock.\n\nP. 40, l. 1343. The word _diuerss_ is required to complete the line; cf.\nl.\u00a0731.\n\n1352. _suppriss_, oppression.\n\n1354. _wedwis_, widows.\n\n1367. _that ilke_, that same.\n\n1369. _sufferith_, makest to suffer.\n\nP. 41, l. 1379. Eccles. iv. 9, 10.\n\n1387. _yow mone_, thou must.\n\n1392. _her-efter leif_, hereafter live.\n\n1401. A\u00a0comma is scarcely needed after \u201c_sapiens_.\u201d It means \u201cThe fear\nof the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.\u201d Prov. ix. 10.\n\nP. 42, l. 1409. _to ryng wnder his pess_, to reign under His peace, by\nHis permission. Roquefort gives _pais_, licence, permission.\n\n1420. _arour_, error.\n\n1427. _leful_, lawful.\n\nP. 43, l. 1447. Ban, king of Albanak, was Lancelot\u2019s father. See l.\u00a0202,\n1450.\n\n1474. The MS. has \u201ca\u017f\u017fit.\u201d\n\nP. 44, l. 1491. _tak the bak apone themself_, turn their backs.\n\n1500. _yewyne_, given.\n\n1504. _till_, to; redundant.\n\n1506. _stand aw_, stand in awe. So also in l.\u00a02684. The same expression\noccurs in _The Bruce_, iii. 62, ed. Pinkerton, p.\u00a042, ed. Jamieson; and\nalso in _Havelok_, l.\u00a0277, where the word _in_, supplied from\nconjecture, should be struck out.\n\nP. 45, l. 1537. _throw his peple_, by his people.\n\n1541. _Thus falith not_, etc., \u201cExcept wise conduct falleth to a king.\u201d\n\n1546. It may be right to retain the spelling of the MS.--\u201ckinghe;\u201d for,\nthough strange and unusual, it occurs again in l.\u00a02527.\n\nP. 46, l. 1556. _wende_, weened.\n\n1560. _in to his contrare_, against him.\n\n1568. _trewis_, truce.\n\n1575. _his powar_, his chief army.\n\n1576. _by the yhere_, by the ear, privately.\n\n1579. _cold_, called; as in l.\u00a0753.\n\nP. 47, l. 1597. _home fair_, go home.\n\n1608. _And_; redundant in modern English. For many of the precepts given\nby Amytans the author must have been indebted to Gower, or, at any rate,\nto the author of the _Secreta Secretorum_. See Gower; Conf. Amantis; ed.\nPauli, lib. vii; vol. 3, pp.\u00a0152-159. And cf. Tyrwhitt\u2019s note to the\nCanterbury Tales, l.\u00a016915; and Warton\u2019s Hist. Eng. Poetry.\n\nP. 48, l. 1628. _lest_, least; _low_, law. It requires care to\ndistinguish the two meanings of _low_, viz. _love_ and _law_.\n\n1633. _Iug_, judge.\n\nP. 49, l. 1660. _sar_, sorely.\n\n1666. A line omitted. The inserted line is purely conjectural.\n\nP. 50, l. 1704. _pupelle_, people.\n\n1708. _Inwyus_, envious.\n\n1716. _longith_, belongeth.\n\n1717. _the lykith_, it likes thee, thou art pleased.\n\nP. 51, l. 1724. _betak til hyme_, confer upon him.\n\n1730. _essy_, easy.\n\n1736. _for the nonis_, for the occasion. See White\u2019s Ormulum.\n\n1739. _vn to the vorthi pur yow if_, unto the worthy poor thou give.\n\n1742. _set nocht of gret substans_, though not of great value.\n\n1754. _alowit_, approved of.\n\nP. 52, l. 1761. _tynith_, loseth.\n\n1763. _atonis_, at once.\n\n1771. _resawe_, receive.\n\n1773. _with two_, also.\n\nP. 53, l. 1791. _well less, al-out_, much less, altogether. The\npunctuation hereabouts in Stevenson\u2019s edition is very wild.\n\n1795. _wys_, vice; _the wrechitness_, thy miserliness.\n\n1797. _pass the courss_, go thy way.\n\n1808. _vrech_, wretch; but here used instead of _miser_.\n\n1812. _viss_, vice.\n\n1814. _ben y-knawith_, are known (to be) (?).\n\n1815. _dant_, daunt.\n\n1822. _the ton_, the one.\n\nP. 54, l. 1832. _beis var_, beware.\n\n1834. _colde_, cool.\n\n1852. _onys_, once.\n\n1855. _whar-throw_, through which, whereby.\n\nP. 55, l. 1864, _awn_, own. The metre requires the more usual form\n_awin_.\n\n1879. _dispol\u021deith_, despoileth.\n\n1881. _For-quhi_, wherefore. In this line the MS. has \u201cscrikth.\u201d\n\nP. 56, l. 1899. _most nedis_, must needs. _Ye_ = _the_; i.e. The one,\nHe.\n\n1909. _Mot_, might.\n\n1917. _in_ should be _into_, as elsewhere.\n\nP. 57, l. 1940. _havith_, hath.\n\n1950. _hot_, hight, is called.\n\nP. 58, l. 1966. _wnepwnist_, unpunished.\n\n1990. _omend_, amend; _spill_, destroy.\n\nP. 59, l. 2011. _ayre_, are.\n\n2012. _duclar_, declare; so also _dulay_ for delay.\n\n2017. _the god werray_, the Very God.\n\nP. 60, l. 2036. _For-quhi_, wherefore.\n\n2040. _mad_, made.\n\n2041. _clergy_, science.\n\n2062. _be the mycht dewyne_, by the might divine.\n\nP. 61, l. 2069. _far_, fare.\n\n2079. _helyth frome the ground_, heals from the bottom; i.e.\neffectually.\n\n2100. _not sessith_, who ceaseth not.\n\nP. 62, l. 2107. _Ne war_, were it not for; _hartly_, hearty; it occurs\nagain four lines below.\n\n2135. _yneuch_, enough. He means he will ask but one question more.\n\nP. 63, l. 2148. _To passing home_, to go home.\n\n2162. _the _xxiiij_ day_. The first _i_ in the MS. is like a \u201cv\u201d smudged\nover; we should read \u201cxxiiij,\u201d as in l.\u00a02155. The contraction is to be\nread _four and twentieth_, not _twenty-fourth_; so also in l.\u00a0610.\n\nP. 64, l. 2190. _hal dure_, hall door.\n\n2192. _o iorne most for to comend_, a\u00a0journey most to be commended.\n\n2194. _lowith_, love.\n\nP. 65, l. 2212. _the fewar eschef thay_, the less they achieve.\n\n2229. \u201cFor no adventure will prove so great, that ye shall not achieve\nit.\u201d\n\n2241. _whill_, until.\n\nP. 66, l. 2247. _galot_; so in MS.\n\n2265. _grant mercy_, great thanks; Fr. _grand merci_.\n\n2267. _quhy_, because.\n\nP. 67, l. 2279. _thithingis_, tidings; probably an error of the scribe\nfor _tithingis_. Stevenson has _chichingis_!\n\n2284. _al-out_, altogether.\n\n2304. _oft syss_, oft-times. See Glossary (_Syss_).\n\n2306. _dante_, dainty.\n\n2310. _tithandis_, tidings; compare l.\u00a02279.\n\nP. 68, l. 2323. _aw_, owe.\n\n2328. _fantessy_, fancy, notion.\n\n2334. _for no why_, for no reason.\n\n2337. _mon I fair_, must I go.\n\n2338. _our son It waire_, over soon it were.\n\n2342. _For-quhy_, because.\n\nP. 69, l. 2352. _nor_ has the force of _but_.\n\n2366. _be ony men_, by any means.\n\n2368. _on of tho_, one of them.\n\n2375. _chen of low_, chain of love.\n\n2376. _and if \u021dhe may deren_, an if you may declare.\n\nP. 70, l. 2409. _hartly raquer_, heartily require.\n\n2416. _gar ordan_, cause to be provided.\n\nP. 71, l. 2428. _prewaly disspone_, privily dispose.\n\n2436. _ellis-quhat_; I\u00a0suppose this means, \u201che was on fire _elsewhere_.\u201d\n\n2448. _hamlynes_, homeliness.\n\n2452. _fest throw al the \u021dher eliche_, feast through all the year alike.\n\nP. 72, l. 2469. _commend_, commended.\n\n2470. _he drywith_, he driveth, pursueth. The reading is not _drawith_,\nas in Stevenson.\n\n\nNOTES TO BOOK III.\n\nP. 73, l. 2471. This line is too long, and the sense imperfect; but\nthere is no doubt about the reading of the MS.\n\n2474. _Awodith_, expels.\n\n2475. _doune valis_, falls down; for it is evident that _valis_ is an\nerror for _falis_, the mistake having arisen from confusion with the\nsucceeding line.\n\n2480. _cled_, clad.\n\n2487. _bygown_, begun. In the next line Stevenson has _sown_; but the\ntrue reading is _Rown_, run; as in l.\u00a02820.\n\n2492. _barnag_, baronage, nobility.\n\nP. 74, l. 2522. _but dulay_, without delay; _the_, they.\n\n2524. _thar com_, their coming.\n\n2530. _in the dogre_, in its (due) degree.\n\nP. 75, l. 2545. _Or that_, ere that.\n\n2552. _he and hate_, high and hot.\n\n2558. _the can_, they began.\n\nP. 76, l. 2574. _hyme mak_, prepare himself; or perhaps simply, make\n(for the field), go.\n\n2582. _helmys last_; _last_ clearly means _laced_; see l.\u00a02250.\n\n2594. _\u021chit_, although.\n\n2599. _dout_, fear.\n\n2600. _is assemblit_, made an attack. The peculiar use of _assemble_\nmust always be borne in mind.\n\n2601. _erd_, earth.\n\nP. 77, l. 2612. _found till gwyans_, go to Gwyans.\n\n2614. _til esquyris thei sewyt_, after Esquyris they followed.\n\n2619. _one to the melle socht_, made their way to the m\u00eal\u00e9e.\n\n2627. _don bore_, borne down.\n\n2630. Fifty thousand. It would appear that Galiot had 40,000, of whom\n10,000 were held _in reserve_; so that in l.\u00a02632 only 30,000 are\nmentioned. See l.\u00a02569, 2647.\n\nP. 78, l. 2646. _ten_, sorrow, vexation.\n\n2656. _resauf_, receive.\n\n2663. _at thar come_, at their coming; _led_, put down.\n\n2670. _biding one the bent_, abide on the grassy plain.\n\nP. 79, l. 2679. \u201cThat, despite their efforts, they must needs retire.\u201d\n\n2684. _stud aw_, stood in awe; see note to l.\u00a01506. 2693, 4. These lines\ndo not rime. But we should certainly read _felde_, _erde_ having slipped\nin from confusion with l.\u00a02691. The knight of Galloway goes _to the\nfield_, i.e. joins battle.\n\nP. 80, l. 2712. _On ayar half_, on either side. The MS. omits _to_.\n\n2713. _of_, off.\n\n2714. _noiss_, nose.\n\n2731. _Bot nocht forthi_, But not on that account.\n\nP. 81, l. 2754. _harmys_, loss.\n\n2761. _aucht to ses_, ought to cease.\n\n2765. _at_, that.\n\n2768. _my lef_, my leave, permission.\n\n2770. _in to cage_, in prison.\n\nP. 82, l. 2802. _commandit_, commended.\n\nP. 83, l. 2819. _one athir half_, on either side.\n\n2820. _rown_, run.\n\n2821. _howyns_; an ungrammatical form; perhaps _howyng_ is meant.\n\n2827. _one hycht_, on height; i.e. aloud.\n\n2829. _sterith_, stirreth.\n\n2833. \u201cThe lady of Melyhalt made (her way) to him, and immediately\ncaused his couch to be placed before a window.\u201d Mr Stevenson reads,\n\n \u201cOf Melyhalt the lady to hyme maid\n Incontinent his couche, and gart he[N1] had,\u201d etc.\n\ni.e. \u201cThe lady immediately made his bed for him,\u201d etc.\n\n2841. _wencust_, vanquished. After this word we should perhaps insert\n\u201cat,\u201d as in l.\u00a03336.\n\n [Footnote N1: But the MS. has \u201cbe;\u201d also \u201cmelyhat\u201d instead of\n \u201cMelyhalt.\u201d]\n\nP. 84, ll. 2877-2880. These lines were printed by me for the first time,\nfour lines having been here again omitted by Mr Stevenson.\n\n2880. _but weyne_, without doubt.\n\n2884. _to led and stere_, to lead and direct.\n\nP. 85, l. 2893. _Endlong_, along.\n\n2894. _weryne_, were.\n\n2913. _let_, hinder.\n\nP. 86, l. 2925. _dulay_, delay; as in several other places.\n\n2938. _fek_, effect.\n\n2944. _\u021dude_, went.\n\n2947. _fair_, welfare.\n\nP. 87, l. 2964. _Whill_, until.\n\n2970. _ho_, stop, pause.\n\n2971. _veryng In affray_, were in terror.\n\n2972. _rovm_, room.\n\n2978. _socht_, made his way.\n\n2984. _disponit_, intends; but we must insert \u201cnot,\u201d to complete the\nsense and the metre.\n\nP. 88, l. 2998. _eschevit_ (used passively), is achieved.\n\n3003. _o\u00a0knycht_, a\u00a0single knight.\n\n3005. _tais_, takes.\n\n3006. _fays_, foes.\n\n3013. _onys or the nycht_, once ere the night.\n\n3015. _that \u021dhe have gilt to mend_, to amend that in which ye have\ntrespassed.\n\nP. 89, l. 3052. _Do at I may_, Do that which I can.\n\nP. 90, l. 3065. This line is printed by Mr Stevenson,\n\n \u201cCurag can [ \u00a0 ] encresing in[N2] his hart\u201d;\n\nbut it is not clear that a word is wanting, for the metre is as complete\nas in many other lines; whilst, as regards the sense, \u201cthe knycht\u201d is\nprobably a nominative without a verb, and l.\u00a03065 means, \u201cCourage did\nincrease in his heart.\u201d Or the reader may, if he pleases, insert \u201cfele.\u201d\nCompare l.\u00a03058.\n\n3066. _lap_, leaped.\n\n3079. Observe the omission of the word \u201cneither\u201d in this line.\n\n3080. _persit_, pierced.\n\n3086. _onan_, anon. A.S. _on-\u00e1n_.\n\n [Footnote N2: MS. has \u201cto.\u201d]\n\nP. 91, l. 3093. _In samyne will_, with like intent.\n\n3100. _bet axampil_, better example.\n\n3104. _bot_, unless; _me fall_, befall me.\n\n3108. _one vthir_, another.\n\n3120. _send_, sent.\n\n3121. _lewit one_, left one.\n\n3122. _but mercy_, without mercy.\n\nP. 92, l. 3134. _deliuer besynes_, clever readiness.\n\n3136. _aray_, livery.\n\n3140. _Ee_, eye.\n\n3146. _the morow new_, the early morning.\n\n3160. _deith_, dead.\n\n3162. _Suppos_, although.\n\nP. 93, l. 3178. _Nor_; we now use _but_.\n\n3184. _ward_; see Glossary. _tho_, then.\n\nP. 94, l. 3200. _relewit_, relieved.\n\n3201. _diuerss placis sere_; as _sere_ = _diuerss_, one of these words\nis redundant. So in l.\u00a03266.\n\n3207. _ewil awysit_, ill advised.\n\n3217. \u201cAnd if it so happen, that they be discomfited.\u201d\n\nP. 95, l. 3240. _leuch_, laughed; _sarues_, service.\n\n3246. _al haill_, all whole.\n\n3248. _x\u00a0thousand mo_, ten thousand, and more.\n\n3259. _abaid_, delay.\n\n3263. _aucht_, eight.\n\n3265. _petws for til her_, piteous to hear.\n\nP. 96, l. 3297. _dreuch_, drew.\n\n3299. _fellit_, fallen.\n\n3304. _levyng_, leave.\n\nP. 97, l. 3307. _sest_, ceased.\n\n3321. _askit at_, asked of.\n\n3331. _Wencussith_, vanquisheth.\n\n3340. _in to one_, continually; which is sometimes the sense of A.S.\n_on-\u00e1n_.\n\nP. 98, l. 3353. _to fillyng_, to fulfil.\n\n3357. _soght_, came on; see Glossary.\n\n3359. _Ne war_, etc., \u201cHad it not been that they were, individually, the\nbetter men.\u201d\n\n3364. _ralef_, relieve.\n\n3368. _fellith_, feeleth.\n\nP. 99, l. 3384. _virslyng_, wrestling, _i.e._ entangled with; a\u00a0strong\nexpression!\n\n3385. _assal\u021deing_, assail.\n\n3390. _rowmyth_, roometh, emptieth.\n\n3403. _departit_, parted.\n\n3404. _dout_, fear.\n\nP. 100, l. 3412. _left_, failed.\n\n3423. _The lord_, i.e. Galiot, as I suppose; Mr Stevenson has, \u201cThe\nLord.\u201d\n\n3430. _stere_, to stir, move, come.\n\nP. 101, l. 3450. _pretendit_, endeavour.\n\n3457. _occupye_, employ.\n\n3461. _For one hour_, etc., \u201cOn account of suffering distress for one\nhour.\u201d\n\n3470. _the well less_, much less; see l.\u00a01791.\n\n3471. _berd_, beard.\n\n3473. _o\u00a0woyss_, one voice.\n\n3475. _eschef frome yhow_, not, _win_ from you; but, _withdraw_ himself\nfrom you. See Glossary.\n\nP. 102, l. 3481. _wend thai var no mo_, thought they were no more.\n\n3487. _And sich enconter_, and such encounter. These three words are\nwritten at the bottom of the page as a catchword. The rest of the MS. is\nwanting.\n\n\n\n\nGLOSSARIAL INDEX.\n\n\n[As many of the words occurring in \u201cLancelot\u201d are well explained either\nin Jamieson\u2019s Scottish Dictionary or in Roquefort\u2019s \u201cGlossaire de la\nlangue Romane,\u201d I\u00a0have frequently referred to these works by means of\nthe letters J. and\u00a0R. Other abbreviations, as O.N. for Old Norse; Goth.\nfor M\u0153so-Gothic; Su.-G. for Suio-Gothic, etc., will be readily\nunderstood. Ch. has also been used as an abbreviation for Chaucer. The\nvarious French, Danish, German, and other words referred to in the\nGlossary are merely added by way of illustration, to indicate in what\ndirection a word may be most easily traced up. To ensure accuracy as far\nas possible, I\u00a0have verified every foreign word by the aid of\ndictionaries, referring for Gothic words to my own Glossary, edited for\nthe Philological Society; for Suio-Gothic words, to Ihre\u2019s Glossarium;\nfor Icelandic words, to Egilsson; and for Old French words, to Roquefort\nand Burguy. Whatever errors occur below may thus, I\u00a0hope, be readily\ntraced.]\n\n\n { Abaid, Abyde, } delay, tarrying, 1882, 2147, 3069, 3308.\n A.S. _ab\u00eddan_, J.\n { Abasit, Abasyt, Abaysit, } abashed, humbled, dispirited,\n cast down, 378, 1452, 2664.\n Abasit of, dispirited by, 3301.\n R. _abaiser_.\n Abasit of (used passively), were dispirited by, 2243.\n Abraid, awoke, 1231;\n (Ch.) A.S. _on-bredan_.\n Abwsyt (abused), made an ill use of, 1207.\n Access, a fever; or better, a fit of the ague; Lat. _accessus\n febris_, (Wright\u2019s Glossary), 31.\n Accorde, to agree with, 1526.\n Fr. _s\u2019accorder_.\n Accordith, is suitable for, becomes, 1679, 1951;\n agree therewith, 605;\n is useful for, is fit for, 1204.\n According for, suitable for, 1512.\n R. _accordant_.\n Adred, terrified, 378, 2664.\n A.S. _on-dr\u01fddan_, to dread.\n Affek, effect, 382.\n Cf. _Fek_.\n Afferd, afraid, 3472.\n A.S. _afered_, _af\u01fdran_.\n Affere, warlike preparation, 985;\n aspect, bearing, 3043, 3334, 3394.\n See J., who makes it of Teutonic origin; but it may be no more than\n the O.Fr. _afeire, afaire_ = state, condition; as explained by\n Burguy.\n Afferith, belongs to, suits, 1550.\n Afferis, is suitable, 1690, 1961.\n R. _aferer_.\n Affrait, terrified, from the verb _Affray_ (Ch.), 2462, 3469.\n R. _effraer_.\n Affray, terror, fright, 636, 3454.\n Fr. _effroi_.\n Affy in till, trust to, rely upon, 499, 1394.\n R. _affier_.\n Afyre, on fire, 30, 251;\n hence, used allegorically, in love, 2436.\n { Agrewit, Aggrewit, } aggrieved, vexed, 1308, 1538;\n angry, enraged, 2618.\n R. _agrever_.\n Ago, gone, 159.\n A.S. _of-g\u00e1n_.\n Aire, are, 1732.\n Algait, Algat, always, 1996, 1792.\n Gothic _gatw\u00f4_, a street, way.\n Al magre thine, in spite of thee, 115.\n An expression compounded of A.S. _al_, wholly; _maugre_ (Fr. _mal\n gr\u00e8_), ill-will, and _thine_ (A.S. _th\u00edn_, the gen. case of _th\u00fa_,\n thou).\n Al-out, altogether, 1676, 1791, etc.\n Alowit, approved, 1754.\n Fr. _allouer_.\n Als, (1) as; (2) also.\n { Amen, Ameyne, } pleasant, 64, 999.\n Lat. _am\u0153nus_.\n Anarmyt, fully armed, 545, 620, 2219, 2771.\n See _Enarmyt_.\n And, if, 1024, 1591;\n and if (= an if), if, 2376.\n Anerly, only, 1476, 1696.\n A.S. _\u01fdn-l\u00edc_.\n { Anoit, Anoyt, } annoyed, vexed, 351, 2244.\n Anoyt, annoyeth, 1407.\n Anterous, (for Aunterous, the shortened form of Aventurous),\n adventurous, 2618.\n Fr. _aventure_.\n Aparalit, apparelled, 338.\n Aperans, an appearance, a vision, 364.\n _So also_ Apperans, 1284.\n Apone, upon, 765, etc.\n Appetit, desire, 2722.\n Ch. has _appetite_ as a verb, to desire.\n Aqwynt, acquainted, 1295.\n Burns uses _acquent_.\n Aras, to pluck out, 240.\n Fr. _arracher_.\n Araid, disordered, afflicted, 3270.\n See _Araye_ in Halliwell. The examples there given shew that to\n _araye_ sometimes actually signifies to _disorder_.\n Arest, stop, delay, 678, 3072, 3308.\n Fr. _arr\u00eat_.\n Arly, early, 4, 384, 975.\n A.S. _\u00e1rl\u00edce_.\n Artil\u021dery, implements of warfare, 2538.\n See R. _artillerie_. Compare 1 Samuel, xx. 40.\n Assay, (1) assault, trial, 11, 35, 112, 712;\n attack, 537, 2662.\n As a verb, to assault, attack, assail, 570, 1044.\n Fr. _assaillir_.\n (2) to essay, attempt, 2936;\n to test, 478, 982.\n Fr. _essaier_.\n { Assaid, Assayt, } assaulted, 1224, 2641.\n Assall, assault, attack, 842.\n We should perhaps read \u201cassaill,\u201d as in l. 855.\n Assal\u021deing, assail (_3 pers. plural_), 3385.\n Assemblay, an assembling of knights for a combat, a tournament, 267.\n Assemble, a hostile meeting, combat, battle, 978, 3336.\n See J.\n Assemblyng, encountering, 2588.\n Assemblyng on, attacking, 2956.\n Assey, to test, 478.\n _See_ Assay.\n Astart, to start away from; hence to escape from, avoid, 228, 3296.\n Ch. has _asterte_.\n At, that, 1019, etc.\n Compare Dan. _at_; O.N. _at_.\n Atour, at over, i.e. across, 841, 849, 873;\n in excess, in addition, besides, 1775.\n Ather, either, 2629, 2819, 3264.\n A.S. _\u01fdgther_.\n Atte, at the, 627, 1055.\n Aucht, eight, 3263.\n Compare Ger. _acht_.\n Auentur, adventure, 601.\n Auer, ever, 273, etc.\n Auerding to, belonging to (?), 345.\n The sense seems to point to the A.S. _and-weardian_, to be present,\n Goth. _and-wairths_, present.\n Aventur, Auentoure, adventure, 80, 222.\n Aw, owe, deserve; the present tense of the verb of which _ought_\n is the past tense; 3447.\n A.S. _\u00e1h_, _\u00e1hte_.\n Awalk, awake, 1049.\n Goth. _wakan_. The form _awalk_ occurs in Dunbar,\n \u201c_Awalk_, luvaris, out of your slomering.\u201d\n (The Thistle and the Rose.)\n Awant, boast, 2136.\n As a verb, 1588;\n and as a reflective verb, 2196, 2386.\n Fr. _se vanter_. Ch. has _avante_.\n Awin, own, 89.\n A.S. _\u00e1gen_.\n Awodith, maketh to depart, 2474.\n See _Avoid_ in Nares\u2019 Glossary, edited by Halliwell and Wright.\n { Awow, Awoue, } vow, 234, 242, 246.\n Ch. has _avowe_.\n Awys, consideration, advisement, 558.\n Awy\u00df the, advise thee, consider, 1913.\n { Awy\u00df, Awy\u017fing, } to consider, 424, 429.\n Fr. _s\u2019aviser_.\n Awysment, advisement, consideration, 360, 680.\n Ay, ever, continually, 1135, 1486.\n A.S. _\u00e1_.\n Ayar (_written instead of_ Athar), either, 2712.\n Ayre, are, 2011.\n { Ayanis, 744, A\u021danis, 1164, 2283, } against.\n A.S. _ongean_.\n A\u021dane, A\u021deine, again, 3253, 380.\n\n Bachleris, bachelors; a name given to novices in arms or arts, 1689.\n See _bacheler_ in R.\n Banaris, banners, 770.\n { Bartes, 2897. Bartiis, 3041. } _See_ Bertes.\n Barnag, baronage, nobility, 2492.\n See _barniez_ in R.\n Batell, a battalion, division of an army, 784, 808, etc.\n Be, by.\n A.S. _be_.\n Behest, promise, 2766.\n A.S. _beh\u00e6s_.\n Behufis, behoves, 579.\n A.S. _beh\u00f3fan_, often used impersonally.\n { Behu\u00df, Behw\u00df, } it behoves, it is necessary (to do), 944, 2342;\n apparently contracted from _behufis_.\n Beleif, _in phr._ ore belief = beyond belief, 112.\n Bent, a grassy plain (properly a coarse grass; in German, _binse_),\n 2670. J.\n Bertes, a parapet, a tower, 1007, 1118, 2815.\n R. _bretesche_, from Low Latin _brestachia_.\n Betak til, to confer upon, 1724.\n A.S. _be-t\u01fdcan_, in the sense, to assign.\n Betakyne, betoken, 2014.\n A.S. _be-t\u01fdcan_, in the sense, to shew.\n Bewis, boughs, 338.\n A.S. _boh_.\n Billis, letters, 142.\n Fr. _billet_.\n Blindis, blindness (?), 1903.\n Borde, to meet in a hostile manner, encounter, 809.\n We find in R. _border_, to joust, fight with lances.\n Compare Fr. _aborder_, and Spenser\u2019s use of _bord_. See _horde_\n in Burguy.\n Bot, (1) but; (2) without. In general, _without_ is expressed by\n _but_, and the conjunction by _bot_; but this distinction is\n occasionally violated.\n Bown, ready, prepared, 1036.\n O.N. _b\u00fainn_, past part. of _b\u00faa_, to prepare. Su.-G. _boa_,\n to prepare. J.\n Bretis, fortifications, forts, 874; \u201cproperly wooden towers or\n castles: _Bretachi\u00e6_, castella lignea, quibus castra et oppida\n muniebantur, Gallis _Bretesque_. Du Cange.\u201d Jamieson.\n See _Bertes_.\n Bukis, books, 434, 1862.\n Burdis, boards, i.e. tables, 2198.\n A.S. _b\u00f3rd_, which means--1. a plank; 2. a table, etc.\n Bur, bore, 733, 778.\n But, without; common in the phrase _but were_, without doubt.\n But if, unless, except, 958.\n { Byhecht, Byhicht, } promised, 1485, 2791.\n A.S. _be-h\u01fdtan_.\n Byknow, notorious for, known to be guilty of, 1627.\n Compare \u201cI _know_ nothing _by_ myself\u201d (1 Cor. iv. 4). Compare\n also Dan. _bekiende_, to make known.\n By, near at hand, 1535, 2916.\n\n { Cag, Cage, } cage, prison, 997, 2770.\n Can, an auxiliary verb, used nearly as we now use _did_.\n Careldis, plural of Careld, a merry-making, revel (?), 1318.\n \u201c_Caraude_, r\u00e9jouissance;\u201d and \u201c_Caroler_, danser, se divertir,\n mener une vie joyeuse.\u201d Roquefort.\n Catifis, wretches, 2102.\n R. _caitif, captif_. Compare Ital. _cattivo_.\n Chalmer, chamber, 2281, 2308, 2427, 2808. J.\n { Chare, Cher, } chariot, 4, 735.\n R. _cher_.\n Charge, load, 693.\n Fr. _charge_; see _discharge_ in the line following (694),\n meaning to shake off a load.\n Chargit, gave attention to, 710, 2454.\n Fr. _se charger de_.\n Chen, chain, 2375.\n Cher, car, chariot, 735. See _Chare_.\n Chere, cheer, demeanour, 83, 341, 695;\n sad demeanour, outward grief, 2718.\n Fr. _ch\u00e8re_; compare Ital. _ciera_, the face, look.\n \u201c_Wepinge_ was hyr most\u00e9 _chere_.\u201d\n (Le Morte Arthur, l. 726.)\n Che\u00df, choose, 1611, 1636, 2368.\n A.S. _ce\u00f3san_; Ger. _kiesen_; Dutch _kiezen_.\n Clariouns, clarions, 771, 789.\n Clepe, to call, 90, 99.\n A.S. _clepan_.\n Clepit, callest, 93;\n called, 781.\n Clepith, is called, 1919.\n Clergy, science, knowledge, 504, 511, 2041.\n R. _clergie_.\n Closine, closed, concluded, 316.\n Closith, enclosed, shut up, 427.\n Cold, called, 753, 1579.\n Commandit, commended, 2802.\n Comprochit, approached, 2472, 2509.\n Conpilour, compiler, poet, 319.\n Conquest, conquered, 574;\n Fyrst-conquest, first conquered, 1545, etc.\n Conseruyt, preserved, 332.\n Conten (used as a reflective verb), to demean oneself valorously,\n to maintain one\u2019s ground, 823, 1107, 1130.\n See R. \u201c_contenement_, contenance, conduite, maintien, posture.\u201d\n Contenit hyme, behaved himself, 3219;\n Contenit them, 2634.\n Contenyt, endured, 3190.\n Contretioun, contrition, 1415, 1426.\n Contynans, demeanour, 1693, 1747.\n Counter, encounter, attack, charge, 3239.\n Couth, could, 793.\n A.S. _cunnan_; past tense, _ic c\u00fa\u00f0e_.\n Cowardy, cowardice, 1023, 3287.\n Cownterit, encountered, 2609, 2621. J.\n Crownel, coronal, corolla of a flower, 59. J.\n { Cummyne, Comyne, } came, 807, 907.\n { Cumyne, 650, 1136, Cumyng, 447, Cummyng, 2498, } come (past part.).\n Cunyng, knowledge, 1455.\n { Cusynace, 1270, Cusynece, 2802, Cusynes, 2287, Cwsynes, 1185, }\n kinswoman.\n Cwre, care, 98, 266, 643.\n Lat. _cura_. (N.B. Though _Cwre_ = _cura_, yet _cura_ should be\n distinguished from A.S. _cearu_.)\n\n Danger, power to punish; \u201cthe power of a feudal lord over his\n vassals,\u201d (Wright), 444.\n Also, power to injure, 3006.\n See R. _dangier_.\n Dans, (dance), in the phrase \u201cwrechit dans,\u201d evil mode of life, 1321.\n See Chaucer\u2019s use of _daunce_; and compare--\n \u201cI sai \u021dow lely how thai lye\n Dongen doun alle in a _daunce_.\u201d\n Lawrence Minot; quoted in Specimens of Early English, by\n R. Morris; p. 194.\n { Dede, 90, Ded, 3304, } death.\n Dan. _d\u00f6d_. A.S. _de\u00e1\u00f0_. O.N. _dau\u00f0i_.\n Deden, deign, 949. J.\n Dedenyt, deigned, 240.\n Deid, died, 215.\n Deith, dead (past part.), 3160.\n Delitable, delightful, 1738.\n R. _delitable_.\n Deliuer, nimble, clever, 3134.\n Deliuerly, (cleverly), nimbly, lightly, 3089, 3131.\n R. _delivre_.\n Demande, demur, 191, 397, 3052, 3354.\n See R. \u201c_demander_, contremander, changer, revoquer l\u2019ordre donn\u00e9.\u201d\n Depart, to part, 3421.\n R. _departir_.\n Departit, parted, 3403.\n Depaynt, painted, 46, 1703.\n Fr. _d\u00e9peint_. Ch. _depeint_.\n Depend me, waste or consume (my powers), 214;\n possibly miswritten for _despend_.\n Cf. _Dispendit_.\n Depend to, to concern, appertain to, 466.\n Deren, to speak out, tell, 2376.\n R. _derainier_.\n Dereyne, a plea, 2313;\n \u201chaith o dereyne ydoo,\u201d hath appealed to trial by combat.\n R. _derainier_.\n Des, da\u00efs, high table, 2762.\n R. _deis_; Lat. _discus_.\n Deuit, availed, 18. See note.\n { Devith, Dewith, } deafen, 92, 94.\n \u201cSu.-G. _deofwa_; Icel. _deyfa_,\u201d J.\n Compare Dan. _d\u00f6ve_. Burns has _deave_.\n Dewod the, devoid thyself, 1022.\n Deuoydit was = departed, 1031.\n Compare _Awodith_.\n Dewy\u00df, to tell, narrate, 373.\n Discharg, to put aside one\u2019s liability, 163, 1665.\n Dise\u00df, lack of ease, misery, 707.\n Disiont (Disioint?), disjointed, out of joint; hence uncertain,\n hazardous, 2907.\n \u201cDisjoint, A difficult situation.\u201d Halliwell.\n Dispendit, spent, 1808.\n R. _despendre_.\n Dispens, expenditure, 1746.\n Fr. _d\u00e9pense_.\n Dispol\u021deith, despoileth, 1879.\n Dispone, to dispose, provide; or, as a reflective verb, to be\n disposed to do, to intend, 54, 446, 980, 1590, 2428, 2462.\n Disponit, declines (?); but much more probably, intends; and we\n must read \u201cdisponit not,\u201d 2984.\n Dout, fear, 2599, 3404, 3438;\n (as a verb), to fear, 740, 1827.\n Ch. _doute_. R. _doubtance_.\n Drent, drowned, 1319.\n A.S. _drencan_.\n Dre\u00df (as a reflective verb), to direct oneself, proceed, go, 1975,\n 2288, 2486.\n Lat. _dirigere_.\n Drywith, drives; \u201che drywith to the end,\u201d i.e. concludes, 2470.\n Duclar, declare, 3022.\n Dulay, delay, 681, 788, 2925.\n\n Effere, shew, pomp, 2360.\n Compare _Affere_.\n Efter, after, 217.\n A.S. _efter_.\n Eld, old age, 3225, 3242.\n A.S. _yldo_. Gothic _alds_.\n Elyk, Eliche, alike, 182, 2452.\n Eme, uncle, 2572.\n A.S. _e\u00e1m_.\n Empit, emptied, empty, 180.\n A.S. _\u00e6mtian_.\n Emple\u00df, to please, 2455. J.\n Empri\u00df, worth, honour, 129, 269, 3458;\n _cf._ Romans of Partenay, l. 2013.\n Anxiety, oppression, 393.\n R. _emprindre_.\n Enarmyt, fully armed, 285, 751, 2499. J.\n Endit, indited, 138;\n indite, 206;\n inditing, poem (?), 334.\n If the meaning were, \u201cthis ends,\u201d the form \u201cendis\u201d would be\n required; besides which, the rime shews that the _i_ is long;\n cf. ll. 138, 206.\n Endlong, along, 2893.\n A.S. _andlang_; Ger. _entlang_.\n Entent, intention, will, meaning, thoughts, 448, 1451, 1499, 2938.\n R. _entente_. Used by Chaucer.\n Entermet, to intermeddle with, to have do with, 2914.\n R. _entremetre_.\n Enweronyt, environed, 53.\n Erde, earth, 1072, 1540, 2601.\n Compare Ger. _erde_.\n Erdly, earthly, 498.\n Erith, earth, 128.\n A.S. _eor\u00f0_.\n Eschef (1. eschew), to shun, withdraw himself, 3475.\n R. _eschever_;\n (2. achieve), to accomplish, 2212, 2513.\n R. _eschavir_.\n Eschef deith, to die, 2732.\n Escheuit, achieved, 258.\n Eschevit, is achieved, 2998.\n { E\u00df, 174, Ee\u00df, 706, } ease.\n Essen\u021deis (ensigns), warcries, 3349, J.\n See also R. _enseigne_.\n Euerilkon, every one, 1039, etc.\n Exasy, extasy, 76. (Possibly miswritten.)\n Exortith, beseecheth, 3026.\n Extend, attain, 3281.\n\n Fail\u021deis, fail, (3 pers. plu. indicative), 1151.\n Fairhed (fairhood), beauty, 577.\n In A.S. _f\u00e6gernes_, but in Dan. _f\u00f6rhed_.\n Fall, to happen, befall, 493, 2139.\n A.S. _feallan_; Dan. _falde_.\n Fallyng, fallen, 1217, 1322.\n Falowschip, used as we now use company, 1105, 2687, etc.\n Fal\u021deing, failing, 1499.\n Fal\u021det, Fal\u021dheit, failed, 1460, 1469, 1498, 1503.\n Farhed, beauty, 2440.\n See _Fairhed_.\n Fayndit (feigned), dissembled, 2397.\n Fays, foes, 3006.\n A.S. _f\u00e1h_.\n Fechtand, fighting, 2691, 3127, 3407.\n Ger. _fechten_.\n Fechteris, fighters, 686.\n Feill, knowledge, skill, 2854. J.\n A.S. _f\u00e9lian_.\n Fek (effect), sum, amount, result, drift, 2938.\n Fr. _effet_.\n Fell, to feel, 820, 2131.\n Fellith, feeleth, 3368.\n Fell, many; als fell, as many, 768.\n A.S. _f\u00e9ala_; Gothic _filu_.\n Fell, horrible, 260.\n A.S. _fell_, cruel, fierce.\n Ferde, fourth, 815, 973, 2285.\n Compare Dan. _fierde_.\n Ferleit, wondered, 3117.\n A.S. _f\u01fdr-l\u00edc_, sudden, fearful. Burns has _ferlie_.\n Fet, fetched, 433, 1154.\n A.S. _feccan_, past tense, _ic feahte_.\n Fongith, catcheth, seizeth, 1922.\n A.S. _fangan_; Goth. _fahan_.\n Forfare, to fare amiss, to perish, 1348.\n A.S. _for-faran_.\n Forlorn, lost, 3305.\n A.S. _forloren_; cf. Goth. _fra-liusan_.\n For-quhy; see _For-why_.\n { For-thi, For-thy, } (there-fore), on that account, 332, 2261, 2731.\n A.S. _forth\u00fd_; where _th\u00fd_ (Gothic _th\u00ea_) is the instrumental case\n of _se_, that.\n For-wrocht (for-wrought), over-worked, wearied out, 888.\n A.S. _forwyrcan_.\n { For-why, 798, 925, 2209, For-quhy, 2171, 2342, 2290, } for the\n reason that, because that.\n Found, to advance, go, 2612. J.\n A.S. _fundian_, to try to find, go forward.\n Franchis, generosity, 230.\n R. _franchise_.\n Fremmytne\u00df, strangeness, alienation, 1508.\n A.S. _fremdnes_.\n Froit, enjoyment, 1644;\n fruit, 2088, 2109.\n R. _fruit_.\n Frome, from the time that, 17, 1432.\n Goth. _frums_, a beginning.\n Fruschit, broken, dashed in pieces, 1201.\n R. _frois_, broken; from the verb _froier_.\n { Fundyne, 497, Fundyng, 465, } found (past part.).\n Fyne, faithful, true, 519.\n See R. \u201c_fine_, fid\u00e9le;\u201d and \u201c_fine_, foi.\u201d\n Fyne, end, 1388, 2081.\n Fr. _fin_.\n\n Ganith, is suitable for, 991.\n Icel. _gegna_. J. Compare Dan. _gavne_.\n Ganyth, it; it profits; _used impersonally_, 121.\n R. _gaagner_.\n Gare, to cause, 910, 2416.\n Dan. _gi\u00f6re_; Icel. _g\u00f6ra_.\n Gart, caused, 267, 2777.\n Gentille\u00df, 917, 1847.\n See _Gentrice_.\n { Gentrice, 130, 2757, Gentri\u00df, 2790. } courtesy, nobleness.\n R. _gentilesse_.\n Gere, gear, equipment, armour, 2777.\n A.S. _gearwa_.\n Gert, 384.\n See _Gart_.\n Giffis, give thou, (lit. give _ye_, the plural being used in\n addressing the king), 463.\n A.S. _gifan_.\n Gifyne, given, 1752.\n Gilt, offended, done wrong, 699, 3015.\n A.S. _gyltan_.\n Grewhundis, greyhounds, 533, 537.\n \u201cO.N. _grey_, _grey-hundr_, a bitch.\u201d Wedgwood.\n Gowerne the, conduct thyself, 1598.\n Grawis, groves, 2481.\n Ch. _greves_.\n Gyr\u00df, grass, 10.\n A.S. _g\u00e6rs_.\n Gy\u00df, guise, fashion, custom, 545.\n Ch. _gise_.\n\n Haade, had, 2150.\n Habariowne, habergeon, 2889.\n From _haubergeon_, the French form of Ger. _halsberge_.\n See _Hawbrek_.\n Habirioune, habergeon, 3380.\n Haill, whole, 3246.\n A.S. _h\u00e6l_.\n Haknay, an ambling horse for a lady, 1730.\n R. _hacquen\u00e9e_.\n Half; _in the phrase_ on arthuris _half_, i.e. on Arthur\u2019s _side_,\n 883.\n Compare use of Germ. _halb_.\n Halk, a hawk, 1736, 2482.\n A.S. _hafoc_.\n { Hall, Hoil, Holl, Hail, } various spellings of Haill, whole.\n Hals, neck, 1054.\n A.S. _hals_. Goth. _hals_.\n Hant, to exercise, practise, 2191.\n Fr. _hanter_, lit. to frequent.\n { Hardement, 801, 2669, Hardyment, 900, 3362, } hardihood, boldness.\n R. _hardement_.\n Harrold, herald, 1047.\n Hate, hot, 2552.\n Havith, hath, 1940;\n have, 3404.\n { Hawbrek, 1070, 1200, Hawbryk, 3112, } hauberk, neck-defence;\n Ger. _hals-berge_, armour for the neck.\n Hawnt, to use, 3418.\n See _Hant_.\n Hawntis, exercise, 2772.\n He, high, 1969, 2552.\n A.S. _h\u00e1h_.\n Hecht, hight, is called, 2140;\n was called, 2290.\n Hecht, to promise, 3101;\n promised (_past part._), 1142.\n A.S. _h\u00e1tan_.\n Hedis, heads, 538, 869.\n { Hewy, 442, Heuy, 459, } heavy.\n A.S. _hefig_.\n { Hie, 550, Hye, 297, } high.\n See _He_.\n Hienes, highness, 126.\n Ho, pause, stop, cessation, 2970.\n According to J. radically the same with the verb _Houe_, or\n _How_ (see _Houit_). The Dutch, however, use _hou_, hold! from\n _houden_, to hold.\n Holl, whole, 106, 745.\n Hore, hair, 365.\n \u201cHol\u021de were his y\u021den and vnder campe hores.\u201d\n (Early English Alliterative Poems; _ed._ Morris. See Poem B.\n l. 1695.) The meaning of the line quoted is, \u201cHollow were his\n eyes, and under bent hairs.\u201d\n Hot, hight, was called, 754, 806;\n is called, 1950.\n A.S. _h\u00e1tan_ (neuter).\n Houit, delayed, tarried, halted, 996.\n \u201cW. _hofian, hofio_, to fluctuate, hover, suspend,\u201d Morris.\n Hovith, stays, halts, 2829.\n Howit, halted, 2814, 2842.\n Howyns, halts, tarries, 2821.\n Probably miswritten for \u201chowyng.\u201d\n Hufyng, halting, delaying, 1046.\n Hundyre, a hundred, 756, 1554.\n\n I, in, 332.\n Dan. _i_; Icel. _\u00ed_.\n Iclosit, y-closed; i.e. enclosed, shut in, 53.\n If, to give, 554.\n In lines 1718-1910 the word occurs repeatedly in several forms;\n as _iffis_, _iffith_, giveth; _iffis_, give ye (put for give\n thou); _ifyne_, given, etc.\n Ifyne, to give, 3454.\n Iftis, gifts, 1741.\n In the line preceding we have _giftis_.\n Ilk; the ilk (= thilk) that, 629, 1601.\n Literally, the ilk = the same.\n A.S. _ylc_. See 1367.\n Ilk, each, 2211, etc.\n A.S. _\u00e6lc_.\n Illumynare, luminary, 3.\n { Incontinent, Incontynent, } immediately, 253, 1215, 2647, 2834.\n Still used in French.\n In-to-contynent (= Incontinent), 3020.\n In to, used for \u201cin;\u201d _passim_.\n Iornaye, journey, 680.\n Irk, to become slothful, grow weary, tire, 2709.\n A.S. _eargian_.\n Iuperty, combat, 2547.\n Fr. _jeu parti_, a thing left undecided;\n hence the meanings, 1. strife, conflict; 2. jeopardy, as in Ch.\n See J.; and Tyrwhitt\u2019s note to C. T. 16211.\n { Iwond, 245, Iwondit, 226, } wounded.\n We find in A.S. both _w\u00fand_ and _w\u00fanded_.\n I-wy\u00df, certainly, of a surety, 1709, 1925, 1938.\n A.S. _gew\u00eds_; Ger. _gewiss_. Often _wrongly_ interpreted to mean,\n _I know_.\n See _Wit_.\n\n Kend, known, 548, 906.\n\n Laif, the remainder (lit. what is _left_), 1802, 3472.\n A.S. _l\u00e1f_. Burns has \u201cthe _lave_.\u201d\n Lametable, lamentable, 3265.\n The omission of the _n_ occurs again in l. 2718, where we have\n _lemytable_.\n Larges, liberality, 608, 1681, 1750.\n Fr. _largesse_.\n Larg, prodigal, profuse, 2434.\n Lat, impediment, 958.\n A.S. _l\u01fdtan_, means (1) to suffer, (2) to hinder.\n Lat, to let, permit (used as an auxiliary verb), 803.\n Latith, preventeth, 1927.\n Lawrare, a laurel, 82.\n Ch. _laurer_.\n Learis, liars, 493.\n Led, put down, beat down, depressed, overpowered, 2663.\n It is the past tense of A.S. _lecgan_, to lay, to cause to submit,\n to kill.\n Lef, to live, 564, 3230.\n Leful, lawful, 1427.\n Legis, lieges, subjects, 1957.\n R. _lige_; Lat. _ligatus_.\n Leich, leech, physician, 106.\n A.S. _l\u01fdce_; Dan. _l\u00e6ge_.\n See 520, 2056.\n Leif, to live, 952, 1392.\n A.S. _lybban_; Goth. _liban_.\n Leir, to learn, 1993.\n Comp. D. _leeren_.\n Lest, to list, to please, 555, 621.\n A.S. _lystan_.\n Lest, to last out against, sustain, 811.\n A.S. _l\u01fdstan_.\n Lest, least, 1628.\n Let, hindrance, 2495.\n Leuch, laughed, 3240.\n A.S. _hlihan_, past tense _ic hloh_.\n Lewis, liveth, 1209.\n Lewith, left, deserted, 1854.\n Liging, 376.\n The sense requires _lay_, i.e. the _3rd p. s. pt. t. indic._,\n but properly the word is the present participle, _lying_.\n Longith, belongeth, 738, 1921, 2429, 2778.\n Compare Dan. _lange_, to reach.\n Longith, belonged, 3242.\n Longyne, belonging, 433.\n Lorn, lost, 2092;\n destroyed, 2740.\n See _For-lorn_.\n Lo\u00df, praise, 1777.\n Lat. _laus_. Ch. has _losed_, praised.\n { Low, Lowe, } (1) law, 1602, 1628, 1636, etc.\n (2) love, 29, 1620.\n It is sometimes hard to say which is meant.\n Compare Dan. _lov_, law; A.S. _luf_, love.\n Luges, tents, 874, 881, 2500, 2680.\n Fr. _loge_, _logis_; Ger. _laube_, a bower, from _laub_, foliage;\n Gothic _la\u00faf_, a leaf.\n Lugyne, a lodging, tent, 891.\n Lyt, a little, 1233.\n At lyte, in little, used as an expletive, 143.\n\n Ma, short form of Make, 953.\n Maad, made, 697.\n Magre of, in spite of, 500, 960, 2679, 2702, 2711.\n Sometimes \u201cmagre\u201d is found without \u201cof.\u201d\n Fr. _mal gr\u00e9_.\n { Matalent, Matelent, } displeasure, anger, 2169, 2660.\n In both cases Mr Stevenson wrongly has _maltalent_. R. _maltalent,\n mautalent_.\n Mayne, 1026.\n See _Men_.\n Medyre, mediator (?), 1624.\n I am not at all sure of this word, but we find in R. many strange\n forms of \u201cmediator,\u201d such as _m\u00e9ener, m\u00e9eisneres_, etc. In the\n Supplement to the \u201cDictionnaire de l\u2019Academie\u201d we find\n _mediaire_, qui occupe le milieu, from Low Lat. _mediarius_.\n N.B. In the MS. the \u201cd\u201d is indistinct.\n See _mediare_ in Ducange.\n Meit, to dream, 363.\n A.S. _m\u00e6tan_.\n Mekill, much, 876, 1236.\n Mokil, 1265.\n Melle, contest, battle, 2619.\n Fr. _mel\u00e9e_, J.\n Memoratyve, mindful, bearing in remembrance, 1430.\n Fr. _m\u00e9moratif_.\n Men, mean, way; \u201cbe ony men\u201d = by any means, 2366;\n so, too, \u201cbe ony mayne,\u201d 1026.\n Fr. _moyen_.\n Men, to tell, declare, 510.\n A.S. _m\u00e6nan_.\n Menye, a company, multitude (without special reference to number);\n whence \u201ca few menye,\u201d a small company, 751.\n Apparently from A.S. _menigu_; Ger. _menge_; but it may have\n nothing to do with the modern word _many_, and is more probably\n from the O.F. _maisn\u00e9e_, a household.\n Met, dreamt, 440.\n See _Meit_.\n Meyne, 41.\n See _Men_.\n Misgyit, misguided, 1663.\n R. _guier_.\n Mo, more, 3187, etc.\n A.S. _m\u00e1_.\n Mon, man, 96.\n Moneth, month, 569.\n A.S. _m\u00f3n\u00e1\u00f0_; Goth. _menoth_.\n Morow, morning, 1, 30, 64, 341.\n Goth. _ma\u00fargins_.\n Mot, must, 195.\n A.S. _ic m\u00f3t_.\n Mys, a fault, 1888, 1937, 3230.\n A.S. _mis_. Do o my\u00df, to commit a fault, 1926.\n Mysour, measure, 1830.\n Myster, need, 1877, 2322.\n Ch. _mistere_; R. _mester_; Lat. _ministerium_. Cf. Ital.\n _mestiere_.\n\n Nat, naught, 703.\n Shortened from A.S. _n\u00e1 wuht_, i.e. _no whit_.\n Nece, nephew, 2200, 2245, 2720.\n R. _niez_.\n Nedlyngis, of necessity, 2337, J.\n A.S. _ne\u00e1dinga_.\n Nemmyt, considered, estimated, 649, 2852.\n A.S. _nemnan_, to name, call.\n Ner, near, 441.\n Neulyngis, newly, again, 36, J.\n A.S. _n\u00edwe-l\u00edce_ (?).\n Newis, for Nevis, nieves, fists, 1222.\n Icel. _hnefi_. Dan. _n\u00e6ve_. Burns has _nieve_; Shakspeare _neif_.\n Noght, not, 1182.\n Noi\u00df, nose, 2714.\n R. _n\u00e9is_.\n Nome, name, 226, 320, 1546, 3341.\n Fr. _nomme_.\n Nome, took, 591, 1048.\n A.S. _niman_, past tense, _ic n\u00e1m_.\n Northest, north-east, 677.\n Not (shortened from Ne wot), know not, 522, 3144.\n A.S. _n\u00e1t_, from _nitan_ = _ne witan_.\n Not, naught, 720.\n See _Nat_.\n Noyith, annoyeth, 904.\n Fr. _nuire_. Lat. _nocere_.\n Noyt, annoyed, offended, 471.\n { Nys, Nyce, } (nice), foolish, 127, 1946.\n Fr. _niais_.\n\n O, a, an, _passim_; one, a single, 2998, 3003, 3393, etc.\n Obeisand, obedient, 641.\n Obe\u00df, obey, 2134.\n Oblist, obliged, 969.\n Occupye, to use, employ, 3457;\n to dwell, 75.\n Lat. _occupare_.\n Of, with, 66.\n Oft-sy\u00df, oft-times, 2304, 2594, 2789, 2885, 2929.\n See _Sy\u00df_.\n On, and, 519.\n Possibly a mistake.\n One, on, often used for In; One to = unto.\n { Onan, Onone, Onon, } anon, 158, 1466, 2602, etc.\n The form \u201conan,\u201d l. 3086, suggests the derivation of _anon_; viz.\n from A.S. _on-\u00e1n_, in one; hence, forthwith, immediately.\n Onys, once, at some time or other, 3013;\n at onys, at once, 3187.\n { Opin, 1286, Opine, 13, } open.\n Or, ere, before, 77, 1887, 2545.\n A.S. _\u01fdr_.\n Ordand, to set in array, 784;\n to prepare, procure, 1713.\n R. _ordener_; Lat. _ordinare_.\n Ordan, to provide, 2416, 2777.\n Ordynat, ordained, 490.\n See l. 507.\n Orest (= Arest), to arrest, stop, 3186.\n Orient, east, 5.\n Oucht, it; it is the duty of (= Lat. _debet_), 2995.\n Strictly, we should here have had \u201cit owes\u201d (_debet_), not \u201cit\n ought\u201d (_debuit_).\n See _Aw_.\n Ourfret, over-adorned, decked out, 71, 2480.\n A.S. _fr\u00e6twian_, to trim, adorn.\n Out-throng (= Lat. _expressit_), expressed, uttered, 65.\n A.S. _\u00fat_, out, and _\u00feringan_, to press.\n Owtrag, outrage, 3454.\n R. _outrage_; Ital. _oltraggio_, from Lat. _ultra_.\n The MS. has _outray_, probably owing to confusion with _affray_\n in the same line.\n We find \u201cowtrag\u201d in l. 2578.\n Oy\u00df, to use, 1701, J.\n\n Paid, pleased; ill paid, displeased, 908.\n Low Lat. _pagare_, to pay, satisfy.\n Pal\u021donis, pavilions, tents, 734;\n _plural of_\n Pal\u021doune, a pavilion, a tent, 1305.\n R. gives _pavillon_, a tent; cf. Low Lat. _papilio_, a tent.\n Pan, pain, 1273.\n Pas hyme, to pace, go, 362.\n Pa\u00df, to go, 1213.\n Pasing, pacing, departing, 371;\n surpassing, 303, 346, 689, etc.\n Pens, to think of, 1431.\n Fr. _penser_.\n Planly, at once, 3319.\n J. gives \u201cPlayn, out of hand, like Fr. _de plain_.\u201d In the same\n line \u201cof\u201d = off.\n Plant, plaint, complaint, 137.\n Fr. _plainte_.\n Plesance, Plesans, pleasure, 941, 1939.\n Plessith, pleases, 68.\n Possede, to possess, 578.\n Fr. _posseder_.\n Poware, a power, a strong band of men, 2647. We now say _force_.\n Powert, poverty, 1330, 1744.\n Pref, to prove, 2229, 3476.\n Prekand, pricking, spurring, 3089.\n See the very first l. of Spenser\u2019s _Faerie Queene_.\n Prekyne, 2890, showy(?), gaudy(?).\n J. gives \u201cPreek, to be spruce; to crest; as \u2018A bit _preekin_\n bodie,\u2019 one attached to dress; _to prick_, to dress oneself.\u201d\n Compare D. _prijcken_.\n Pretend, to attempt, aspire to, 3282, 3465.\n Fr. _pr\u00e9tendre_. So, too, in lines 559, 583.\n Pretendit, endeavour, attempt, 3442.\n Process, narration, 316.\n Wright gives \u201cProces, a story or relation, a process.\u201d The writer\n is referring to his prologue or introduction.\n Promyt, to promise, 965.\n Proponit, proposed, 361, 445.\n Pupil, people, 285.\n Puple, people, 1367, 1498, 1520.\n { Pur, 1648, Pure, 1697, Pwre, 1655, } poor.\n\n\n Quh-. Words beginning thus begin in modern English with Wh. Thus,\n Quhen = when, etc.\n Quhilk (whilk), which, 184.\n A.S. _hwylc_ = Lat. _qualis_ rather than _qui_.\n Quhill, while, _used as a noun_, 1229, 1293.\n A.S. _hw\u00edl_, a period of time.\n Quhill, until, 24, 198.\n See _Whill_.\n Quhy; the quhy = the why, the reason, 123, 1497.\n Qwhelis, wheels, 736.\n A.S. _hweol_.\n Qwheyar, whether, 1187.\n { Quhois, Qwhois, } whose, 171, 1297.\n\n Rachis, hounds, 531.\n Su-G. _racka_, a bitch, which from the v. _racka_, to race,\n course. Perhaps connected with _brach_.\n Radur, fear, 1489, J.\n From Su-G. _r\u00e6dd_, fearful; Dan. _r\u00e6d_.\n { Raddour, 2133, Radour, 1835, 3465, } fear.\n Raid, rode, 3070, 3260, etc.\n Ralef, relieve, 3364.\n Ramed, remedy, 117.\n See _Remed_.\n Randoune, in, 2542.\n The corresponding line (l. 739) suggests that _in Randoune_ =\n _al about_, i.e. in a circuit. But if we translate it by \u201cin\n haste,\u201d or \u201cin great force,\u201d we keep nearer to the true\n etymology. In Ogilvie\u2019s Imperial Dictionary, _s.v._ Random,\n we find the Nor. Fr. _randonn\u00e9e_ explained to mean the \u201csweeping\n circuit made by a wounded and frightened animal;\u201d but the true\n meaning of _randonn\u00e9e_ is certainly _force, impetuosity_; see\n R., Cotgrave, etc. In Danish, _rand_ is a surrounding edge or\n margin; while in Dutch we find _rondom_ round about.\n Raquer, require, 2409.\n Ra\u00df, race, swift course, 3088.\n A.S. _r\u01fds_. Compare Eng. _mill-race_, and D. _ras_.\n Recidens, delay, 2359.\n R. _residier_, to defer.\n Recist, resist, 566, 660, 2578.\n Recounterit, met (in a hostile manner), encountered, 2958.\n Fr. _rencontrer_.\n Record, witness, testimony; hence value, 388.\n R. _record_.\n Recorde, to speak of, mention;\n hard recorde, heard say, 121, 595.\n Recorde, speak out, 454, 481.\n See R. _recorder_.\n Recordith, is suitable, belongs, 606.\n Recourse, to return, 1798.\n Lat. _recurrere_.\n Red, to advise, 1027, 1198.\n A.S. _r\u01fddan_; Goth. _r\u00eadan_.\n Relewit (relieved), lifted up again, rescued, 2617.\n Fr. _relever_. J.\n { Remede, 89, Remed, 718, } remedy.\n Remuf, remove, 655.\n Report, to narrate, 266;\n to explain, 294;\n to state, 320.\n Reprefe, reproof, defeat, 764.\n Reput, he reputed, i.e. thought, considered, 743.\n Resauit, received, 2796.\n Resawit, received, kept, 2106.\n We should have expected to find \u201creseruit.\u201d\n Resonite, resounded, 66.\n Resydens, delay, 670.\n See _Recidens_.\n { Revare, 275, Rewar, 2893, Rewere, 2812, } river.\n Reweyll, proud, haughty, 2853.\n R. _revel\u00e9_, fier, hautain, orgueilleux. Compare Lat. _rebellare_.\n Richwysne\u00df, righteousness, 1406.\n A.S. _rihtw\u00edsnes_.\n { Rigne, 94, 1527, Ring, 1468, Ringe, 1325, } a kingdom.\n Fr. _r\u00e9gne_. Ch. _regne_.\n Rignis, kingdoms, 1858.\n Rignis, Rignith, reigneth, 1825, 782.\n Ringne, a kingdom, 1952.\n Rout, a company, a band, 812, 2956, 3403.\n Rowt, 2600.\n Rowmyth, roometh, i.e. makes void, empties, 3390.\n A.S. _r\u00famian_.\n Rown, run; _past part._ 2488, 2820.\n Rwn, run, 2545.\n Rygnis, kingdoms, 1904.\n Ryne, to run, 113. See 2952.\n Ryng, to reign, 1409, 2130.\n\n Sa, so, 3322, 3406.\n Dan. _saa_.\n Saade, said, 698.\n Salust, saluted, 546, 919, 1553, 2749.\n Ch. _salewe_.\n Salosing, salutation, 1309.\n Sar, sorely, 1660.\n Sauch, saw, 817, 1219, 1225.\n A.S. _ic se\u00e1h_, from _se\u00f3n_.\n Schawin, shewn, 2387.\n Schent, disgraced, ruined, 1880.\n A.S. _scendan_; Dan. _ski\u00e6nde_.\n Schrewit, accursed, 1945.\n Scilla, the name of a bird, also called Ciris, 2483.\n ----\u201cplumis in avem mutata vocatur\n Ciris, et a tonso est hoc nomen adepta capillo.\u201d\n --(Ovid, Met. viii. 150.)\n Screwis, shrews, ill-natured persons, 1053.\n More often used of males than females in old authors.\n Sedulis, letters, 142.\n R. _cedule_.\n Sege, a seat, 2258.\n Fr. _si\u00e9ge_.\n Semble, a warlike assembly, hostile gathering, 988, 2206.\n Semblit, assembled, 845.\n G. _sammeln_; from Goth. _sama_, _samana_.\n Semblyng, encountering, 2951.\n See _Assemble_.\n Sen, since, 709, 800, etc.\n Sen at, since that. In Piers Plowman we find _syn_.\n Septure, sceptre, 666.\n Sere, several, various, 594, 731, 746.\n \u201cSu-G. _s\u00e6r_, adv. denoting separation.\u201d J. Cf. Lat. _se-_.\n Sess, to cease, 14, etc.\n Fr. _cesser_.\n Set, although.\n Sew, to follow up, seek, 2326.\n R. _suir_; Fr. _suivre_.\n Sew, to follow up, go, proceed, 3145.\n Sewyt, 2614.\n Shauyth, shewith, 412.\n Sice, such, 2115.\n Scotch, _sic_.\n Snybbyth, snubs, checks, 3387.\n Comp. D. _sneb_, a beak; _snebbig_, snappish.\n Sobing, sobbing, moaning, 2658.\n { Socht, Soght, } sought to go; and hence, made his (or their) way,\n proceeded, went, 2619, 3179, 3357, 3428.\n Sought one, advanced upon, attacked, 3149, 3311.\n Sought to, made his way to, 3130.\n A.S. _s\u00e9can_, past tense _ic s\u00f3hte_, to seek, approach, go towards.\n Sor, sorrow, anxiety, 74.\n A.S. _sorh_; Goth. _sa\u00farga_.\n Sort, lot, fate, 26.\n Fr. _sort_.\n Sound, to be consonant with, 149.\n See Gloss. to Tyrwhitt\u2019s Chaucer.\n Lat. _sonare_.\n Soundith, 1811. \u201cSo the puple soundith,\u201d so the opinion of the\n people tends.\n \u201cAs fer as _souneth_ into honestee.\u201d\n (Chaucer: _Monkes Prologue_.)\n Soundith, tend, 1943;\n tends, 149.\n Sown, sound, 1035.\n Fr. _son_.\n Sownis, sounds, 772, 3436.\n Spent, fastened, clasped, 2809.\n A.S. _spannan_, to clasp, join. Comp. Dan. _sp\u00e6nde_, to stretch,\n span, buckle together.\n { Spere, Spir, } sphere, 6, 170;\n speris, spheres, circuits, 24.\n Spere, to inquire, 1170.\n A.S. _spirian_, to track. Cf. G. _spur_.\n Sperithis, spear\u2019s, 810.\n Spill, to destroy, ruin, 1990.\n A.S. _spillan_.\n Spreit, spirit, 81, 364.\n Stak, 226. J. gives \u201cto the steeks, _completely_;\u201d and this is the\n sense here.\n See Jamieson: s.v. \u201cSteik.\u201d Halliwell gives _stake_, to block up;\n also _steck_, a stopping place (cf. Shakespeare\u2019s\n _sticking-place_, Macb. i. vii. l. 60). In the N. of France it\n is said of one killed or severely wounded, _il a eu son\n estoque_, he has had his belly-ful; from _estoquer_, to cram,\n satiate, \u201cstodge.\u201d\n Compare Ital. _stucco_, cloyed. It has also been suggested that\n _to the stak_ may mean to the _stock_, i.e. up to the hilt,\n very deeply.\n Start, started up, leapt, 994, 1094.\n Stede, stead, place, 218, 1124.\n A.S. _stede_.\n Steir, to stir, 817.\n A.S. _stirian_.\n Stekith, shuts, 1651.\n Ger. _stecken_. Burns has _steek_.\n Stek, shut, concluded, 316.\n Stell, steel, 809.\n Stell commonly means a stall, or fixed place; but the form\n _stell_ for _steel_ occurs; e.g. \u201cBrounstelle was heuy and\n also kene.\u201d _Arthur_, l. 97.\n { Sterapis, 3056, Steropis, 3132, } stirrups.\n A.S. _st\u00ed-rap_ or _st\u00edge-r\u00e1p_, from _st\u00edgan_, to mount, and\n _r\u00e1p_, rope.\n Stere, ruler, arbiter, 1020;\n control, guidance, 1974.\n Stere, to rule, control, 1344, 2884,\n A.S. _st\u00fdran_.\n Stere, to stir, move, go, 3430.\n See _Steir_.\n Sterith, stirreth, 2829.\n Sterf, to die, 1028.\n A.S. _steorfan_.\n Sterit, governed, 612.\n A.S. _st\u00fdran_.\n Stert, started, 377.\n Stok, the stake to which a baited bear is chained, 3386.\n Stour, conflict, 1108, 2607, 3124.\n R. _estour_.\n Straucht, stretched out, 3090.\n A.S. _streccan_, past part. _gestreht_.\n Strekith, stretcheth, i.e. exciteth to his full stride, 3082.\n { Subiet, 1799, Subeitis, 1828, Subiettis, 1878, } subject;\n subjects.\n Sudandly, Sodandly, suddenly, 1009, 1876.\n Suet, sweet, 331.\n Suppris, (surprise), overwhelming power, 691, 860, 2651;\n oppression, 1352.\n Fr. _surprendre_, to catch unawares.\n Supprisit, overwhelmed, 1237, 1282;\n overpowered, 2705, 3208.\n Supprisit ded, suddenly killed, 3125.\n Surry\u021denis, surgeons, 2726.\n Suth, sooth, true, 110.\n A.S. _s\u00f3\u00f0_.\n Suthfastnes, truth, 1183.\n A.S. _s\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6stnes_.\n Sutly, soothly, truly, 963.\n Swelf, a gulf such as is in the centre of a whirlpool, a vortex,\n 1318, J.\n A.S. _swelgan_, to swallow up.\n Sweuen, a dream, 440.\n A.S. _swefn_.\n Swth, sooth, true, 2753.\n See _Suth_.\n { Syne, 2026, Synne, 2029, } sin.\n Syne, afterwards, next. J. 45, 794, etc.\n Sy\u00df, times, 3054.\n A.S. _si\u00f0_.\n\n { Tais, 1095, 3005, Taiis, 1141. } takes. Abbreviated, as \u201cma\u201d is\n from \u201cmake.\u201d\n See _Ma_.\n Tane, taken, 264.\n Ten, grief, vexation, 2646, 3237.\n A.S. _teonan_, to vex.\n Tennandis, tennants, vassals holding fiefs, 1729.\n R. _tenancier_.\n Than, then, 3111.\n The, (1) they, (2) thee, (3) thy.\n Thelke, that, 709.\n See l. 629, where _the ilk_ occurs; and see _Ilk_.\n Thir, these, those, 2734, 2745, 2911, 3110, etc.\n Thithingis, tidings, 2279.\n A.S. _tidan_, to happen.\n Tho, then, 545, 2221;\n them, 2368.\n Thoore, there, 628. Thore, 1102.\n Thrid, third, 370, 2347, 2401.\n A.S. _\u00feridda_.\n Throng, closely pressed, crowded, 3366.\n A.S. _\u00feringan_.\n Til, to; til have, to have, 706.\n Tint, lost, 1384.\n See _Tyne_.\n Tithandis, tidings, 2310.\n Tithingis, tidings, 902, 2336.\n To, too, besides, 3045.\n Togidder, together, 254.\n To-kerwith, carves or cuts to pieces; al to-kerwith, cuts all to\n pieces, 868.\n A.S. _to-ceorfian_. The prefix _to-_ is intensive, and forms a\n part of the verb. See Judges ix. 53: \u201cAll to-brake his skull;\u201d\n i.e. utterly brake; sometimes misprinted \u201call to break\u201d (!).\n Ton, taken, 1054, 1071.\n Ton, one; the ton, the one, 1822.\n The tone = A.S. _\u00fe\u00e6t \u00e1ne_.\n To-schent, disfigured, 1221.\n The intensive form of the A.S. verb _scendan_, to shame, destroy.\n In the same line we have _to-hurt_, and in the next line\n _to-rent_, words modelled on the same form. We find, e.g.,\n in Spenser, the forms _all to-rent_, _all to-brus\u2019d_. (See the\n note on the prefix _To-_ in the Glossary to William of Palerne.)\n Tothir, the other, 2536.\n The tothir = A.S. _\u00fe\u00e6t o\u00feere_, where _\u00fe\u00e6t_ is the neuter gender\n of the definite article. Burns has _the tither_.\n Toyer (= tother), the other;\n _y_ being written for the A.S. _\u00fe_ (_th_), 2571, 2584.\n Traist, to trust, to be confident, 390, 1129, 1149, J.\n Trast, 1659.\n Traisting of (trusting), reliance upon, or expectation of, 25, J.\n { Translat, 508, Transulat, 2204, } to transfer, remove.\n Tratory, treachery, 3224.\n See R. _tra\u00eftor_.\n Trety, treatise, 145.\n Fr. _trait\u00e9_.\n Trewis, truce, 1568, 2488, 2545.\n { Tronsione, 239, Trunscyoune, 2962, Trownsciown, 2890, }\n a truncheon, a stump of a spear.\n Fr. _tron\u00e7on_; from Lat. _truncus_.\n In the last passage it means a sceptre, _b\u00e2ton_.\n \u201cOne hytte hym vpon the old\u00e9 wounde\n Wyth A tronchon of an ore;\u201d (oar.)\n (Le Morte Arthur, l. 3071.)\n Troucht, truth, 161.\n { Tueching, 403, Tweching, 386, } touching.\n Tyne, to lose, 1258, 1387.\n Icel. _t\u00fdna_.\n Tynith, loseth, 1761.\n Tynt, lost, 175, 1384, 1521.\n\n Unwist, unknown, 1140.\n\n Valis, falls; we should read \u201cfalis,\u201d 2475.\n Valkyne, to waken, 8.\n See _Awalk_.\n Vall, billow, wave, 1317.\n Ger. _welle_, a wave; _quelle_, a spring; Icel. _vella_, to _well_\n up, boil. Cf. also A.S. _w\u00e6l_; Du. _wiel_; Lancashire _weele_,\n an eddy, whirlpool. So, too, in Burns:--\n \u201cWhyles owre a linn the burnie plays,\n As thro\u2019 the glen it wimpl\u2019t;\n Whyles round a rocky scaur it stays,\n Whyles in a _wiel_ it dimpl\u2019t.\u201d\n Varand, to warrant, protect, 3411.\n R. _warandir_.\n Varnit, warned, 622.\n Vassolag, a deed of prowess.\n Pasing vassolag, surpassing valour, 257.\n R. has _vasselage_, courage, valour, valourous deeds, as\n indicative of the fulfilment of the duties of a _vassal_.\n We now speak of rendering _good service_.\n Vassolage, valour, 2724.\n Veir, were, 818.\n Veris, wars, 305.\n See _Were_.\n Veryng, were, 2971.\n A.S. _w\u01fdron_.\n Vicht, a wight, a person, 10, 55, 67.\n A.S. _wiht_.\n Virslyng, wrestling, struggling, 3384.\n J. gives the forms _warsell, wersill_.\n Visare, wiser, 607.\n Viting, to know, 410.\n A.S. _witan_.\n Vncouth, lit. _unknown_; hence little known, rare, valuable, 1734.\n A.S. _unc\u00fa\u00f0_.\n Vodis, woods, 1000.\n Vombe, womb, bowels, 375.\n Goth. _wamba_.\n Vondit, wounded, 700.\n Vpwarpith, warped up, i.e. drawn up, 63.\n See Note to this line. It occurs in Gawain Douglas\u2019s prologue to\n his translation of the 12th Book of the \u00c6neid.\n Du. _opwerpen_, from Goth. _wa\u00edrpan_, to cast.\n Vsyt, used, 1197, 1208.\n Vyre, a cross-bow bolt, 1092.\n R. _vire_; cf. Lat. _vertere_.\n\n Wald, would, 419, 470, etc.\n Walkin, to waken, wake, 1239.\n See _Awalk_.\n Wapnis, weapons, 241.\n A.S. _w\u01fdpen_, or _w\u01fdpn_.\n Ward, world, 3184.\n Grose\u2019s Provincial Dictionary gives _Ward_ = world; and the\n omission of the _l_ is not uncommon; see _Genesis and Exodus_\n (E.E.T.S.), ll. 32, 1315.\n Wassolage, valour, 2708.\n See _Vassolag_.\n Wat, know, 512.\n Wawasouris, vavasours, 1729.\n A _Vavasour_ was a sub-vassal, holding a small fief dependent on\n a larger fief; a sort of esquire.\n R. _vavaseur_.\n Weil, very. Weil long, a very long time, 79.\n Comp. Ger. _viel_, J.\n Wencussith, vanquisheth, 3331;\n vanquished, 3337.\n Wencust, vanquished, 2841.\n Wend, (1) to go, 2191;\n (2) weened, thought, 3481.\n Wentail, ventaile, a part of the helmet which opened to admit air,\n 1056.\n R. _ventaile_; from Lat. _ventus_.\n Were, (1) war. Fr. _guerre_. R. _werre_, 308, etc.\n (2) doubt, 84, etc. \u201cBut were,\u201d without doubt. A.S. _w\u01fdr_,\n cautious, _wary_.\n (3) worse, 1930. Burns has _waur_.\n Wering, weary, 58.\n A.S. _w\u00e9rig_.\n Werray, very, true, 1262, 2017.\n Werroure, warrior, 248.\n Weriour, warrior, 663.\n Wers, worse, 515.\n Weryng, were, 2493.\n Wex, to be grieved, be vexed, 156.\n Weyn, vain, 382, 524.\n Weyne, _in phr._ but weyne, without doubt, 2880.\n A.S. _w\u00e9nan_, to ween, to suppose.\n Whill, until, 1136, J. Formed from A.S. _hw\u00edl_, a period of time.\n Wice, advice, counsel, 1909.\n Shortened from Awys.\n Wichsaif, vouchsafe, 355, 1391.\n Wichsauf, _id._ 2364.\n Wicht, wight, person, 131.\n Wicht, strong, nimble, 248.\n \u201cSu-G. _wig_\u201d J. Sw. _vig_.\n Wight, with, 918. Possibly miswritten.\n Wist, knew, 225, 1047.\n See _Wit_.\n Wit, to know, 268.\n A.S. _witan_; pres. _ic w\u00e1t_, past tense, _ic wiste_.\n Wit, knowledge, 2504.\n With, by, 723.\n Withschaif, vouchsafe, 1458.\n With-thy, on this condition, 961.\n See _For-thy_.\n Wnkouth, little known, 146.\n See _Vncouth_.\n Wnwemmyt, undefiled, 2097.\n A.S. _wam, wem_, a spot.\n Wnwyst, unknown, secretly, 219, 269.\n Wod (wood), mad, 3334, 3440.\n A.S. _w\u00f3d_. Goth. _w\u00f4ds_.\n Woid, mad, 2695. Perhaps we should read _woud_.\n Wonde, wand, rod, or sceptre of justice, 1601, 1891. J.\n Wonk, winked, 1058.\n Wonne, to dwell, 2046.\n A.S. _wunian_.\n Worschip, honour, 1158, 1164.\n A.S. _weor\u00f0-scipe_.\n Wot, know, 192, etc.\n See _Wit_.\n Wox, voice, 13.\n Lat. _vox_.\n Woy\u00df, voice, 3473.\n Wrechitnes, misery, 2102;\n miserliness, niggardliness, 1795, 1859.\n Wy, reason; \u201cto euery wy,\u201d for every reason, on all accounts, 2356.\n Compare _Quhy_.\n Wycht, strong, nimble, 2592.\n See _Wicht_.\n Wynyth, getteth, acquireth, 1832.\n Wyre, a cross-bow bolt, 3290.\n See _Vyre_.\n Wys, vice, 1795.\n Wysis, 1540.\n\n Y, written for \u201cth.\u201d Thus we find \u201coyer\u201d for \u201cother,\u201d etc. The\n error arose with scribes who did not understand either the\n true form or force of the old symbol \u00fe.\n Yaf, gave, 387.\n Yald, yield, 553;\n yielded, 558.\n A.S. _gildan_.\n Yclepit, called, 414.\n Yef, give, 563.\n Yeif, give, 923.\n Yer, year, 610.\n Used instead of the plural \u201cyeris,\u201d as in l. 3243.\n Yewyne, given, 1500.\n Ygrave, buried, 1800.\n Comp. Ger. _begraben_.\n Yhere, ear, 1576.\n Yher, year, 2064.\n Used instead of \u201cyheris,\u201d 3243.\n Yhis, yes, 1397.\n Yis, yes, 514;\n this, 160.\n Ylys, isles, 2858, 2882.\n Ymong, among, 821.\n Yneuch, enough, 2135.\n A.S. _genog_.\n Yolde, yielded (to be), 951, 1088.\n Ystatut, appointed, 2529.\n Fr. _statuer_.\n Ywy\u00df, certainly, 1798, 1942.\n See _Iwy\u00df_.\n\n \u021ceme, to take of, regard, have respect to, 665.\n A.S. _g\u00e9man_.\n \u021cere, year, 342.\n \u021cerys, years, 23, 1432.\n \u021cewith, giveth, 1772.\n \u021cha, yes, 2843.\n Ger. _ja_.\n \u021che, ye, 921.\n Observe that, as in this line, _ye_ (A.S. _ge_) is the _nominative_,\n and _you_ (A.S. _e\u00f3w_) the _objective_ case.\n \u021ched, went, 1486.\n Ch. has _yede_.\n A.S. _ic e\u00f3de_, past tense of _g\u00e1n_, to go.\n Goth. _ik \u00efddja_, past tense of _gaggan_, to go.\n \u021cher, year, 2064, 2274.\n \u021ching, young, 2868.\n \u021chis, yes, 1397.\n \u021chouth-hed, youth-hood, youth, 2772.\n \u021chud, went, 2696.\n See _\u021ched_.\n \u021cis, yes, 3406.\n \u021colde, yielded, 291, 380, 951.\n A.S. _ic geald_, past tense of _gyldan_, to pay, to yield.\n \u021cude, went, 2944.\n See _\u021ched_.\n\n\n\n\nINDEX OF NAMES, ETC.\n\n\n Albanak, 202, 1447.\n Alexander, 1837.\n Alphest, 57.\n Amytans, 1304, 2446.\n Angus, 2858.\n April, 1.\n Arachell, 434.\n Aries, 336.\n Arthur (_passim_).\n\n Ban, 202, 1447.\n Bible, the, 1483.\n Brandellis, 3086.\n Brandymagus, 2884, 3430.\n\n Camelot, 275, 280, 357, 407.\n Cardole, 2153.\n Carlisle, 347.\n Christ, 2046.\n Clamedeus, 2881, 3259.\n\n Dagenet, 278.\n Daniel, 1365.\n Dan\u021delome, 435.\n\n Esquyris, 2591, 2609, etc.\n\n First-conquest king, 1064, etc.; 2568, etc.\n\n Gahers, 3087.\n Galiot (_passim_).\n Galys Gwyans, 2605, 2613, etc.\n Galygantynis, 599.\n Galloway, 2690.\n Gawane (_passim_).\n Gwynans or Gwyans. See _Galys_.\n Gyonde or Gyande, 302, 551, 637.\n\n Harwy, 2853, 3206, etc.\n Herynes (_i.e._ Hermes), 436.\n Hundred knights, king of, 1545, 1554.\n\n Jhesu, 2046, 2096.\n\n Kay, 254, 355, 3081, etc.\n\n Lady of the Lake, 220, 223.\n Lancelot (_passim_);\n appears as the _red_ knight, 991, etc.;\n as the _black_ knight, 2430, etc.\n Logris, 2301.\n\n Maleginis, 806.\n See _Malenginys_.\n Malenginys, 2873, 3151, 3155.\n See also _Hundred knights, king of_.\n May, 12.\n Melyhalt, 283, 895.\n Melyhalt, lady of (_passim_).\n Moses, 436.\n\n Nembrot (_i.e._ Nimrod), 435.\n Nohalt, 255.\n\n Ph\u0153bus, 24, 2472, 2486.\n Priapus, 51.\n\n Round Table, 795, 3213.\n\n Saturn, 2474.\n Scilla, 2483.\n Solomon, 1378.\n Sygramors, 3083.\n\n Titan, 335.\n\n Valydone, 3249.\n See _Walydeyne_.\n Vanore, 575.\n See _Wanore_.\n Virgin (Mary), 2049, 2087, etc.\n Venus, 309.\n\n Wales, 599, 2153.\n Walydeyne, 2879.\n Wanore, 230.\n Wryne, 2867.\n\n Ydrus, 2851, 3152.\n Ywan, 2606, 2618, etc.\n Ywons, 2861.\n\n\nJOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.\n\n * * * * *\n * * * *\n * * * * *\n\nErrors and Inconsistencies (noted by transcriber):\n\n_The word \u201cinvisible\u201d means that there is an appropriately sized blank\nspace, but the character itself is missing. In the two primary texts\n(French and Scottish), errors in editorial punctuation have been\ncorrected, while other apparent errors are noted but not changed. For\nthe French text, it was assumed that Skeat\u2019s word \u201ccommas\u201d includes\n\u201cinverted commas\u201d or quotation marks._\n\n_The form \u201creflective\u201d (for \u201creflexive\u201d) is used consistently._\n\n_In the primary text, the following unexpected forms are not\nindividually noted:_\n\n capital I at mid-sentence or mid-word\n non-final round s; final long s\n non-initial v; initial u\n word-final \u017f\u00df (apparent \u201csss\u201d)\n\n\n_Preface_\n\n fancy a Southern copyist making the blunder.\u201d [blunder.\u2019]\n between _thou_ and _ye_ (_William of Palerne_, Pref. p.\u00a0xli)\n [_printed \u201cWilliam of Palerne\u201d in roman (plain) type_]\n\n\n_\u201cAppendix\u201d_ (French romance)\n\n [Footnote A16: Lines 281-292.] [_missing ._]\n \u201cSire nous ne vous en scairions que dire.\u201d [_final . invisible_]\n \u201cCertes,\u201d fait le maistre, \u201cnous auons veu une chose\n [_missing open quote before \u201cnous\u201d_]\n | ne fleur qui parlast |\u201d\n [_printed as shown, with close quote after pipe_]\n \u201cquelle royne\u201d fait il \u201cLe fe{m}me au roy artus,\u201d fait lescuyer.\n [_missing . after \u201cfait il\u201d_]\n \u201cscauez vous bien qui la dame est que vous regardez?\u201d\n [_missing open quote_]\n que nul dentreulz ne demeure a cheual [_final . missing_]\n \u201cne de la myenne non est il mye.\u201d [_final . invisible_]\n \u201cNon,\u201d | fait gallehault. [_comma after \u201cNon\u201d invisible_]\n \u201cDame, ouy | ie vo{us} enuoyay peux pucelles.\u201d\n [_printed as shown: error for \u201cdeux\u201d_]\n fustes vous ce qui iettastes messire Gauain de prison?\u201d\n [_text unchanged: elsewhere \u201cGauuain\u201d_]\n [Sidenote: ... two rascals killed his horse, and Ywain gave him\n another.]\n [_text unchanged: elsewhere \u201cYvain\u201d_]\n \u201cEt vous combatistes vous a luy\u201d [_no question mark_]\n Dame, vous scauez que ie vous ayme sur toutes\n [_printed as shown: error for \u201cil vous ayme\u201d?_]\n Et ie dys, \u201ca\u00a0dieu! dame.\u201d Et vous distes \u201ca\u00a0dieu! mon beau\n doulx amy!\u201d\n [_printed as shown: inner and outer quotes both use double\n quotation marks_]\n\n\n_Notes to \u201cAppendix\u201d_\n\n P. xxiv. ... _brouyr_ (_br\u00fbler_), being burnt.\n [_printed \u201cbr\u00fbler\u201d in roman (plain) type_]\n\n\n_Lancelot_\n\n 197 Quhare that I my{hc}t \u017fu{m} wnkouth mat{er} fynde,\n [_text unchanged: error for \u201cmy{ch}t\u201d?_]\n 297 Nor thing I not of his hye ren\u014dwn\n [_text unchanged: error for \u201cthink\u201d?_]\n 648 The neid is myne, I fall It not delay;\n [_text unchanged: error for \u201csall\u201d (i.e. shall)?_]\n 1360 Thar ned, and kep them to ry{ch}twyne\u00df;\n [_text unchanged: error for \u201cry{ch}twy\u017fne\u00df\u201d?_]\n 1433 And as his mai\u017fter hyme commandit hade,\n [_final \u201ce\u201d conjectural_]\n 1641 And puny\u00df for, for o thing \u017fhal yow know\n [_text unchanged: error for \u201c\u017for, for\u201d?_]\n 2016 [Fol. 25b.] [_final . invisible_]\n 2146-47 His leve, one to to his cuntre for to go\u00f1e;\n And al the o\u017ft makith none abyde,\n [_text unchanged: error for \u201cone to his\u201d? (As printed, does not\n fit metre; another edition has \u201cone to his\u201d.)\n Missing syllable in second line?_]\n 2308 Eft fupir one to o chalm{er} ar thei went,\n [_text unchanged: error for \u201c\u017fupir\u201d?_]\n [Footnote T60: ... \u201clorne,\u201d as in line 2092.] [_final . missing_]\n [Sidenote: Then Galys Gwynans, brother of Ywan,]\n 2605 Than galys gwynans, w{i}t{h} o manly hart,\n [_sidenote text has \u201cThan\u201d as in body text; both have \u201cGwynans\u201d\n instead of the usual \u201cGwyans\u201d_]\n 3104 Bot deth or vthir adwentur me fall.\u201d\n [_close quote missing_]\n [3380] [Sidenote: ... resist his sword.] [_final . missing_]\n\n_Notes_\n\n [Introductory paragraph]\n _vthir_ means _uthir_, i.e., _other_ [i.e,]\n P. 25, l. 820. ... \u201cHis enemies began his mortall strokes to feel.\u201d\n [_spelling unchanged_]\n P. 33, l. 1109. _Galyot_ put for _Galiotes_\n [_illegible \u201ct\u201d in \u201cGalyot\u201d restored from body text_]\n P. 71 ... 2436. _ellis-quhat_\n [_text unchanged; body text has two words \u201cellis quhat\u201d_];\n P. 84 ... 2884. _to led and stere_, to lead and direct.\n [_comma missing or invisible_]\n P. 90, l. 3065. ... \u201cencresing in[N2] his hart\u201d;\n [_original footnote tag has 1 for 2_]\n\n_Glossary_\n\n Borde ... See _horde_ in Burguy.\n Bretis ... Gallis _Bretesque_. Du Cange\n [_printed as shown, but cited text has \u201cBretesques\u201d_]\n Dispol\u021deith, despoileth, 1879. [_final . missing_]\n Haill, whole, 3246.\n [_text reads \u201cHeill\u201d, but correctly alphabetized as \u201cHaill\u201d_]\n Ma, short form of Make, 953. [Ma;]\n Resydens, delay, 670. [delay 670.]\n { Subiet, 1799, Subeitis, 1828, Subiettis, 1878, } subject;\n subjects.\n [_printed as shown, but l. 1828 has \u201csubectis\u201d or (footnote)\n \u201csubett{is}\u201d_]\n Valkyne, to waken, 8. / See _Awalk_. [_final . missing_]\n \u021ched, went, 1486. ... Goth. _ik \u00efddja_ [_text unchanged_]\n\n\n_Index of Names_\n\n Aries, 336. [_\u201ce\u201d invisible_]","title":"Lancelot of the Laik: A Scottish Metrical Romance (About 1490-1500 A. D.)","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":73505}