{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_37778/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_37778","id":"gutenberg_37778","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37778","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - British","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This\nfile was produced from images generously made available\nby The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been\nstandardized. Norwegian words have been retained as printed. Characters\nwith macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal sign, as [=e]\nfor a letter e with a macron on top. Underscores have been used to\nindicate _italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in \"Notes and\nQueries\" has been added at the end.]\n\n\n\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION\n\nFOR\n\nLITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\nVOL. IV.--No. 91. SATURDAY, JULY 26. 1851.\n\nPrice Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n\n Page\n\n NOTES:--\n\n Richard Rolle of Hampole 49\n\n Notes and Queries MSS. 50\n\n MS. Fragments of Old Poetry 51\n\n Folk Lore:--Medical Use of Mice--Legend of Haydon's\n Gully--The Crow Charm and the Lady-bird Charm--School\n Superstitions--The Nightmare--East Norfolk Folk Lore:\n 1. Cure for Fits; 2. Cure for Ague--Extreme Ignorance\n and Superstition 52\n\n Minor Notes:--The Word \"Repudiate\"--The First\n Panorama--Chaucer and Gray--Burns and\n Propertius--Shakspeare in Sweden 54\n\n QUERIES:--\n\n On the Elision of the Letter \"_v_\" 55\n\n Anthony Mundy, by Sir F. Madden 55\n\n Minor Queries:--Margaret Maultasch--Arms of Halle--Test\n of Strength of a Bow--Vox Populi--Meaning of Whig and\n Tory--\"Fortune, Infortune, Fort une\"--Unde derivatur\n Stonehenge--Marriage of Bishops--The Sign \u00b6--Early German\n Virgil--Fairlight Church--The Leman Baronetcy--Armorial\n Bearings--History of Magnetical Discovery--George\n Chalmers--Mistake as to an Eclipse--Statue of Mrs.\n Jordan--\"A Posie of other Men's Flowers\"--Sir Edmund\n Ployden or Plowden--Pope's Translations or Imitations of\n Horace--John Bodley--Dr. Thomas Johnson--\"You Friend drink\n to me Friend\"--The Latin Termination \"aster\"--Portrait\n of Dryden--Inscription on a Claymore out in 1745 56\n\n REPLIES:--\n\n De Rebus Septentrionalibus, by W. E. C. Nourse 59\n\n Hugh Holland and his Works, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 62\n\n \"Prenzie\" in \"Measure for Measure\" 63\n\n The Ten Commandments 63\n\n The Republic of San Marino, by Walter Montagu 64\n\n Shakespeare's Use of \"Eisell\" 64\n\n Royal Library 69\n\n The Caxton memorial, by Beriah Botfield 69\n\n Meaning of \"Nervous,\" by W. E. C. Nourse and E. J. Jones 70\n\n The Duke of Monmouth's Pocket-books, by C. Ross 70\n\n Replies to Minor Queries:--Pope's \"honest Factor\"--Banks\n Family--Dies Ir\u00e6, Dies Illa--Equestrian Statues--Monumental\n Symbolism--Organs in Churches--Tennyson: \"The\n Princess\"--\"Perhaps it was right to dissemble your\n love\"--Sardonic Smiles--Epitaph on Voltaire--Voltaire,\n where situated--Children at a Birth--Milkmaids--\"Heu\n quanto minus,\" &c.--The \"Passellew\" Family--Lady Petre's\n Monument--Spenser's Age at his Death--Blessing by the\n hand--Handel's Occasional Oratorio--Moore's Almanack--Kiss\n the Hare's Foot--Derivation of the World \"Bummaree\" or\n \"Bumaree\"--Sheridan and Vanbrugh--\"Felix quem faciunt aliena\n pericula cautum\"--\"Alterius Orbis Papa\"--Umbrella--To learn\n by Heart--\"Suum cuique tribuere\"--Frogs in Ireland--Round\n Towers--Lines on the Temple--Killigrew Arms--Meaning of\n Hernshaw--Theory of the Earth's Form--Coke and Cowper, how\n pronounced--Registry of British Subjects Abroad, &c. 71\n\n MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 77\n\n Books and Odd Volumes wanted 78\n\n Notices to Correspondents 79\n\n Advertisements 79\n\n\n\n\nNotes.\n\n\nRICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE.\n\nIf the following \"Notes\" do not demand too much of your valuable space,\nthey may possibly interest the philological reader, and elicit a number\nof learned illustrations. They are drawn from a MS. belonging to this\nUniversity (Dd. I. 1.), of which the main part is a course of _metrical_\nsermons upon the Gospels throughout the year. The author of most, if not\nall, of the pieces, was the famous solitary, Richard Rolle, of Hampole,\nnear Doncaster, who died in 1348.\n\n1. The first sample I shall give is a curious illustration of the way in\nwhich the preachers of that age were wont to represent the harshness of\nthe great in their dealings with the poor:\n\n \"For wi\u00fe ensample may we se,\n \u00de't al \u00feis world is but as \u00fee se\n \u00de't bremli bari\u00fe on banke wi\u00fe bale,\n And grete fischis etin \u00feerin \u00fee smale.\n For riche men of \u00feis world ete\n \u00de't pore men wi\u00fe traueyle gete:\n For wi\u00fe pore men fari\u00fe \u00fee king\n Riht as \u00fee hal wi\u00fe \u00fee hering,\n Riht as \u00fee sturgeoun eti\u00fe _merling_\n And _lobkeling_ eti\u00fe _spirling_,\n So stroyen more men \u00fee lesse\n Wi\u00fe worldis wo and wrongwisnesse,\n All \u00fe'e ska \u00fee \u00fet lesse sufferin of more\n Smyti\u00fe as storm of \u00fee se ful sore.\"\n\n Pp. 115, 116.\n\n2. The word _keling_ (cod-fish) occurs again in the following passage,\nwhere the subject of the preacher is the Incarnation of our Lord:\n\n \"For right as bayt \u00fee hok heli\u00fe\n And so \u00fee gredi keling teli\u00fe,\n so telid Ih[=u]s wi\u00fe flesch & blode\n _Gormond_ \u00fee _gredi_ on \u00fee rode:\n Gormond \u00fee gredi I him calle\n \u00det swelewi\u00fe synful soulis alle,\n \u00det neuer is ful but euer redi\n To ha[=u]se hem as _Gawen gredi_.\n \u00deis Gaweyn was hirchid on a hoke\n \u00deat flesch & bold on Marie toke\n for hirching \u00fee bodi slas\n And so slow Ih[=e] Salhanas.\"--P. 193.\n\n3. At p. 352. a rebuke is administered to the _gourmet_ in the following\nterms:\n\n \"\u00deat o\u00feer gostli ydropicy\n Is called on Englisch gloteny,\n \u00fe't mekil is vsed wi\u00fe these burgese,\n \u00fet lyue mekil at hir owne ese.\n \u00feei gar (i.e. _cause to_) seke \u00fe'e cuntre thorw,\n Bo\u00fee oplond and in borw,\n Riche metis for to bye,\n Summe to bake and summe to frye:\n Al schal ben brouht on to his ham\n Beste and foul bo\u00fe'e wylde & tame,\n And yet all \u00feis way not fille\n His yernyng & his herte wille.\n On \u00fee pore men \u00feinki\u00fe he nought\n Ne on \u00fet lord \u00fet him der bought.\n Many a mes be forn him stondi\u00fe\n And of ilkon sum \u00feing he fondi\u00fe,\n Of venyson, of gos and gryse,\n Tarte, _blawmanger_, and of ryse,\n Of euerilkon sumwhat he tasti\u00fe\n And so forso\u00fee his kynde be wasti\u00fe,\n For ser deyntes & many mes\n Make men falle in many sicknes.\n But if \u00fee riche man wolde \u00feinke\n Among al his mete & drynke,\n \u00fet his flesch schol rote in molde,\n He wold not bin \u00feerto so bolde.\"\n\n4. The following passage is curious in more respects than one:\n\n \"This day _witsonday_ is cald,\n For wisdom & wit seuene fald\n Was youen to \u00fee apostles as \u00feis day\n For wise in alle \u00feingis wer thay,\n To spek wt outen mannes lore\n Al maner langage eueri whore.\n \u00feei spak _latyn_, _frensch_ & _grew_,\n _Saresenay_, _deuenisch_ & _ebrew_,\n _Gascoyne_, _Pikard_, Englisch & Walsch\n And o\u00feer speche spak \u00feei als.\"\n\n5. At p. 372. we have an interesting picture of a nun persecuted by the\nrest of the sisterhood on account of her stricter living:\n\n \"Hir cher was ay semand sori\n Hir felawis held hir wod for\u00fe'i,\n And made of hir ful gret skornyng\n And callid hir oule & outcasting:\n For alle \u00fee nonnes \u00fe't were thore\n Wend wel \u00fet sche fonned wore,\n And summe on hir foul water keste,\n And sumtyme draf & sometyme yeste,\n And summe rubbid hir wi\u00fe oute\n Wi\u00fe ground mustard al a boute;\n But sche made no grucching\n For al hir euyl skornying,\n Bul al sche suffrid ful mekeli\n And to hir seruise was ay redi,\n For ofte tymes sche grecid hir schos,\n And wisch hir vessel as a guystroun dos,\n And what so euer \u00feei put hir to\n W't a good wil al dide scho.\n Hir hed was wounden al a boute\n Wi\u00fe a foul lynen cloute,\n And for sche was so onlikli\n Alle \u00feei letin of hir skornfulli,\n But yet sche was ful derworthi\n Beforn our lord god almyghti.\"\n\n6. I will add, in conclusion, a sample from one of the prose treatises\ncontained in the same volume (p. 464.):\n\n \"O\u00feere spices \u00feer ben of pride whiche men & women ben founden\n inne, & it encresi\u00fe fro day to day, of dyuers atire about \u00fe'e\n bodi: as ofte streyte clothes & schorte daggid hodis, chaunsemlees\n (i.e. _shoes_) disgised & teyde op strayt in v. or vi. stedis:\n women with schorte clothis unne\u00fee to \u00fe'e hipes, _booses_ &\n _lokettes_ about \u00fee heed, & vile stynkend hornes longe & brode, &\n o\u00feer dyuers atire, \u00fe't I can nought witen ne discryen of surche\n \u00feinges. Eueri man & woman be his owne juge & loke weel if it be\n nought \u00feus.\"\n\n C. H.\n\n St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.\n\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES MSS.\n\nThe commencement of a new volume appears to be the signal for new\nsuggestions. May I fire one off as well as others?\n\nIn p. 282. of the Third, and in p. 19 of your present volume, you have\nprinted two MSS. relating to Cromwell, which I sent you. No doubt there\nare many MSS. equally, or indeed more curious and interesting, scattered\nthroughout the country, which would be worthy of preservation in type in\nyour valuable columns, and which may possibly be so preserved. But what\nshall become of the originals? Would not the possessors of twos or\nthrees of such documents be glad to place them in a safe and useful\nrepository, where they might be preserved and be made available to all\nwho take an interest in our history, whether social or political? And\nhow could this be better effected than by opening a book for their\nreception and safe custody at your office; such book to be open to the\ninspection of all applicants, under proper regulations; and, when full,\nto be deposited in the British Museum as Vol. I. of the \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES MSS.?\"\n\nWith regard to the two which you have thought worth printing, I would by\nfar prefer such a mode of disposing of them, to consigning them, as\ntrifles, to what might prove the bottomless pit of the Museum, or to\nreturning them to the snug dormitory in which I found them, between the\nleaves of Bishop Kennett's _History of England_.\n\nShould this hint find favour in the eyes of yourself and your learned\ncorrespondents, not only are these at your service, but I might find\nanother or two to add to them. I think, however, that none should be\nadmitted into the collection but such as were considered worthy of being\nalso preserved in print in \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\"\n\n S. H. H.\n\n St. John's Wood.\n\n [It can scarcely be necessary for us to add that we shall be very\n glad to do our part towards carrying out the very sensible and\n practical suggestion of our Correspondent. We shall indeed be glad\n to show the sense we entertain of the obligations which we, in\n common with all lovers of literature in this country, owe to the\n British Museum, by aiding in this or any other well connected\n scheme for enriching that storehouse of learning, and increasing,\n if possible, its present usefulness.]\n\n\nMS. FRAGMENTS OF OLD POETRY.\n\nI have before me a sheet of vellum, part of old tale or tales in verse,\nwhich has been used as the cover of a manuscript book. I conceive it to\nbe about the time of Henry VI. Can any of your correspondents, from the\nfollowing extracts, give me any information as to the author, or the\nwork of which it is a part? There would appear to be parts of two tales,\nat least.\n\n G. H. D.\n\n \"Thanne seide the Prest, i will the telle,\n For alle my good i wele the selle,\n For alle the synnes that thou hast don,\n I graunte the hem alle sone anon.\n Alle gode dedes and eke preiere.\n That Marchaunt the Prest wel understod,\n That the Prestes chaffare was to hym good,\n Gif that it mythe awelde;\n And seide, as i am a trewe man,\n In alle the wittis that i can,\n Covenaunt i wele the helden.\n Gif thou wilt me with herte and thouth (thought),\n Give me alle thi gode dedes that thou hast wrouth,\n As covenaunt was before;\n Loke, he seide, to the Prest anon,\n That thou telle hem everecheon,\n That thou be nouth forswore.\n And i schal telle the anon,\n Alle the ... de dedes that I haue don,\n Alle with outen ende;\n The Prest began anon to telle,\n Of hese goodnesse anon snelle,\n No lengere he wolde hym wende.\n The Prest seide, while i was yonge,\n And coude gon and speke with tunge,\n I was sette to lore;\n Pore men i loved wel,\n Of that i hadde i zaf hem su ... el,\n Bothe lesse and more.\n And quanne i my primer cou[the],\n I seide it eche day with my mouthe,\n And forgat ... uth on;\n To God i made my preiere,\n And eche dai seide oure ladies [sa]utere,\n To God I made my mone.\n Evereche day to chirche i went,\n And seide my psauter with sex [en?]tente\n Both be dai and be nyth;\n Quanne i to bedde schulde go,\n Mi clothes i kest me fro,\n To serue God ful of myth.\n Certes oftyn i gan take,\n An usage on nyth moche to wake,\n And prei to hevene kyng;\n That i moste comen to this ... religion,\n To my soule Savacioun,\n To joye with outen endyng.\n And quanne i was made a prest here,\n God thewes i wolde lere,\n As I haue the told;\n Now thou woste with outen strife,\n How I haue led in lif,\n And all my goodnesse I haue thee solde.\n Thanne seide the Prest to the Marchaunt,\n Hold thou me my covenaunt,\n That I of haue of the bouth;\n Thou woste wel al untold,\n But gif a man wolde truthe hold,\n Marchaundize is rith nouth,\n With tretchere thou myth me katche,\n And do me _bie the cat in a Satche_,[1]\n Thyng that I may nouth se;\n All thi synnes thou me telle,\n And thou schalt be saued fro the payne of helle,\n Gif thou ne levest nouth me.\n The Marchaunt seide, geve me myn,\n And thou schalt have chaffare thin,\n Gif thou wilt understonde;\n This seide the Prest, be my leute,\n Alle thi synnes telle thou me,\n For no thyng that thou ne wende.\n The Marchaunt seide, wil I was yong,\n And coude gon and spake with tung,\n I was jolif and wilde;\n Be myn own sister I lay,\n Many a nyth and many a day,\n And gret sche was with childe.\n With childe she was, tho sothe to telle,\n And I gaf reed my fader to quelle,\n So God me bryng out of care;\n Now God Fader in Trinite,\n Have merci on here and on me,\n Of blisse I am all bare.\n And after that with outen othe,\n Oure fader and oure moder bothe,\n Whanne that it was eve;\n And thei bothe aslepe were,\n We wenten to hem bothe in fere,\n And slowe hem with outen weve (?).\n And quanne this dede was i-do,\n We wenten away bothe to,\n Mi sister wente behynde;\n As gret with childe as sche was,\n I lep to here a woligret pas,\n And dede here heved of wynde.\n Sche that was me lef and dere,\n I smot here heved of be the swere,\n Now lord, merci I crie;\n Fader, God omnipotent,\n Ne lete our soules never be schent,\n For the love of oure lefdie.\n Maries sone that sitteth in trone,\n Lade to the i make my mone,\n For thin holy grace;\n That we mote be present,\n At the day of jujement,\n And seen thin holi face.\"\n\n ... ... ...\n \"Thanne he sei a leoun come,\n And taken awei hese yonge sone,\n On hym he gaped wide.\n The Lyoun bar that child with hym,\n Awei rennynge wroth and grym,\n The knyth was ney aswoune;\n There he was in the water deep,\n It was no wonder thow he wep,\n Of Care hadde [he] inow.\n Sore he gan to sihhe and grone,\n Thei he ne seide wordes none,\n To loude he moste tee;\n A wonder thyng he sey thar,\n A wolf hese other child away bar,\n He fel doun on swoune on kne.\n Tho that he aswouning ros,\n He loked abouten and hym agros,\n Hese wit was ney forlore;\n But yet he thouthe on Ih[=u] Crist,\n On his deth and on hese uprist,\n That for us was i-bore.\n Lord God Almythti, thou it wost,\n Fadir sone and holi gost,\n To thee i menene my mone;\n For my spouse that was so trewe,\n Fadir hende brith of newe,\n Wol wo is me alone.\n For my sones that ben forlorn,\n That wilde bestes hath awei born,\n I not nouth where to wone;\n To wheche lond mai i fle,\n How longe schal i on lyve be,\n Sorewes comen gret wone.\n Of Job i well bethenke me,\n That long in welthe hadde be,\n And fel sone in care;\n Ih[=u] Crist for love of The,\n To carful well i nevere be,\n How so it ever fare.\n I have wepte al my fille,\n I nele no more, i well be stille,\n Goddes helpe is us ney;\n Thanne come an aungel from hevene,\n And spake to hym with mylde Stevene,\n Of God that woneth on hey.\n Be bold blithe, he seide, Eustace,\n For in hevene is maad thi place,\n There thou schalt myrie be;\n Thi children and thi wif,\n Schal have longe lyf,\n And al that blisse i-se.\n Thus long he wente forth his wai,\n Biddynge his bedes on hase lai,\n Til beter tyme come;\n To Swynke and swate he most,\n For hese spendying was ney go,\n ---- it under no ----\n With bowe and arwe and horn,\n For to kepe a lordis corn,\n Be day and eke be nyth;\n ... ... ...\n knythes from fer i fare\n For to seeke here and thare\n After on manne\n The emperoures counceyler\n We han forth far and ner\n There can no man hym kenne:\n The wisest knyth of hese coort he was,\n He was i hoten Sire Placidas,\n On huntynge out he ferde;\n And never after come he hom,\n Ne no tidyng of him com.\n ... ... ...\n On the mouthe is a wounde.\"\n\n [Footnote 1: Proverb.]\n\n [The first of these fragments is obviously a portion of a\n religious tale (similar to the French _Contes D\u00e9vots_, from one of\n which it is probably borrowed).\n\n The second is a portion of the Legend of St. Eustace, otherwise\n named Placidas, which occurs in an earlier metrical English form\n among the Collections of Lives of Saints in MS. Laud. 108. art.\n 59.; MS. Digby 86.; MS. Bodl. 779. art. 64.; MS. Vernon, fol. 170;\n MS. Ashm. 43. art. 73.; and MS. Cott. Cal. A. II. It occurs as\n prose in the Golden Legend.]\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Medical Use of Mice._--Seeing some Queries and Replies on this subject,\nI am induced to send you a few extracts from an old book in my\npossession (marked \"very scarce\"), published in 1661. Its title is\n_Panzoologicomineralogia, or a Compleat History of Animals and\nMinerals_. By Richard Lovell, St. C. C. Oxon. It treats chiefly of the\nmedicinal uses of the various objects. I am tempted to tell you the use\nof a \"unicorne,\" but confine myself to the mouse.\n\n \"The flesh eaten causeth oblivion, and corrupteth the meat; yet\n those of Chalecut eat them; it is hot, soft, and fattish, and\n expelleth melancholy.... A mouse dissected and applied, draweth\n out reeds, darts, and other things that stick in the flesh....\n Mice bruised, and reduced to the consistence of an _acopon_\n (what's that?), with old wine, cause hair on the eyebrows....\n Being eaten by children when rosted, they dry up the spittle. The\n magicians eat them twice a month against the paines of the teeth.\n The water in which they have been boiled helps against the\n quinsey. Being boiled and eaten, they help children's pissing in\n bed. The fresh blood kills warts. The ashes of the skinne, applied\n with vinegar, help the paines of the head. The head worn in a\n cloth, helps the headach and epilepsy. The braine being steeped in\n wine, and applied to the forehead, helpeth the headach. Used with\n water, it cureth the phrensy. The heart, _taken out of a mouse_\n WHEN ALIVE, worne about the arme of a woman, causeth no\n conception. The fillet of the liver, drunk with austere wine,\n helpeth quartans. The liver, rosted in the new of the moon, trieth\n the epilepsy. The dung, is corrosive. Given in any liquor, it\n helpeth the collicke. It looseneth the body; therefore some nurses\n use it for children in suppositories(?). It helpeth hollow teeth,\n being put therein.\"\n\nThere is more of the sort, to the extent of 2\u00be closely printed pages.\nIt should be added that the author quotes authorities, old and new, for\nthe several facts he adduces. Pliny is a great authority with him, and\nGalen is often cited.\n\n J. K.\n\n_Legend of Haydon's Gully._--In the parish of Hinton-Blewett, North\nSomersetshire, or immediately adjoining it, in the direction of West\nHarptree, there is a wooded gorge in the hill-side, through which runs a\nsmall stream, and which is called \"Haydon's Gully.\" I have lately heard\nthe following tradition respecting it; viz. that a gentleman named\nColonel Haydon, who was accused of high treason, used to spend his\nnights under his brother's roof, somewhere in the neighbourhood, and\nevery morning came and backed his horse into a hole in the bank, where\nhe spent the day in order to evade his pursuers. You will perhaps agree\nwith me, that this story, which, if it has any truth in it, probably\nrefers to Monmouth's days, is worth inquiring into.\n\n ARTHUR WRIGHT.\n\n_The Crow Charm and the Lady-bird Charm._--The following charms are\nrepeated by children throughout Yorkshire and Lancashire, and, I doubt\nnot, in other parts of the kingdom also. They may be classed with the\n\"Snail Charms\" (Vol. iii., pp. 132. 179.):\n\n _Crow Charm._\n\n \"Crow, crow, get out of my sight,\n Or else I'll eat thy liver and lights.\"\n\n _Lady-bird Charm._\n\n \"Lady-bird, lady-bird, eigh thy way home;\n Thy house is on fire, thy children all roam,\n Except little Nan, who sits in her pan,\n Weaving gold-laces as fast as she can.\"\n\nI remember, as a child, sitting out of doors on an evening of a warm\nsummer or autumn day, and repeating the crow charm to flights of rooks,\nas they winked home to their rookery. The charm was chaunted so long as\na crow remained in sight, the final disappearance of them being to my\nmind proof \"strong as Holy Writ\" of the efficacy of the charm.\n\nThe lady-bird charm is repeated to the insect (the _Coccinella\nseptempunctata_ of Linn\u00e6us)--the common seven-spotted lady-bird--to be\nfound in every field and garden during summer.\n\nThe lady-bird is placed upon the child's open hand, and the charm is\nrepeated until the insect takes to flight. The warmth and moisture of\nthe hand no doubt facilitate this, although the child believes fully in\nthe moving power of the charm.\n\nN.B. The lady-bird is also known as _lady-cow_, _cow-lady_, and is\nsometimes addressed as _cusha-cow-lady_.\n\n ROBERT RAWLINSON.\n\n_School Superstitions._--Several appear to exist in schools from\ngeneration to generation: do they exist anywhere else? and whence their\norigin? For instance \"a boy who could not span his own wrist was a\nbastard;\" \"if you said the Lords Prayer backwards, the devil would come\nup,\" &c.\n\n A. C.\n\n_The Nightmare._--I recently observed a large stone, having a natural\nhole through it, suspended inside a Suffolk farmer's cow-house. Upon\ninquiry of a labourer, I was informed this was intended as a preventive\nof nightmare in the cattle. My informant (who evidently placed great\nfaith in its efficacy) added that a similar stone suspended in a\nbed-room, or a knife or steel laid under the foot of the bed, was of\nequal service to the sleeper, and that he had himself frequently made\nuse of this charm.\n\nIs this practice common, and in what does it originate?\n\n J. B. C.\n\n\nEAST NORFOLK FOLK LORE.\n\n1. _Cure for Fits._--A similar superstition on this subject to the one\nmentioned by D. (Vol. i, p. 11.) is prevalent in this vicinity. Nine or\neleven young men or maidens (an odd number is indispensable) contribute\neach a silver coin for the manufacture of the ring. A friend of the\nsufferer gives out that he is making a collection for the purpose, and\ncalls on the parties expected to contribute, and the coins must be given\n_unasked_, to ensure its efficacy. A watchmaker in my parish tells me\nthat he has made ten or a dozen such rings within as many years, and\nthat he has full faith in their curative properties.\n\n2. _Cure for Ague._--Being afflicted two years since with a severe\ntertian ague, I was solicited, after the usual medical treatment had\nfailed, by a lady to take as much of the _snuff of a candle_ as would\nlie on a sixpence, made into an electuary with honey. I complied and,\nstrange to say, a complete cure was effected. Whether the nausea\nconsequent on such an unpleasant remedy had any effect on the spasmodic\nnature of the malady, I cannot say; but the fact is certain, and it is\nesteemed a sovereign specific by the Norfolk rustics.\n\n E. S. TAYLOR.\n\n Martham, Norfolk.\n\n_Extreme Ignorance and Superstition._--In a large village in\nDorsetshire, not far from the county town, an intelligent man went\nrecently into the house of a somewhat respectable woman who keeps a\ngeneral shop in the village, and who is the mother of a numerous family\nand seeing her with a large family Bible open before her, and several of\nher children collected around, while she was cutting and paring their\nfinger nails, and so holding their hands as that their cuttings might\ndrop on the leaves of the Bible, he asked her why she did this.\nSuspecting, by her manner, that she had some object in view, judge of\nhis surprise, when she replied--\"I always, when I cut the nails of my\nchildren, let the cuttings fall on the open Bible, that they may grow up\nto be _honest_. They will never steal, if the nails are cut over the\nBible!!\" Do we not yet require the educator to be abroad?\n\n T. WE.\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_The Word \"Repudiate.\"_--I cannot help following DR. KENNEDY'S example,\nand calling attention to another word in our language which is\nnow-a-days, on many occasions, used very erroneously; I allude to the\nword _repudiation_, or rather the verb _repudiate_.\n\nHow frequently does one hear at public meetings such phrases as these:\n\"I utterly repudiate the idea,\" \"I repudiate the sentiment,\" \"I\nrepudiate the insinuation.\" A page might be filled with phrases of this\ndescription occurring in reported speeches of recent date. The word, in\nfact, is made by public speakers of \"unadorned eloquence\" and newspaper\nwriters, to do duty for such words as to _refuse_, _repel_, _reject_,\n_abandon_, _disown_, _cast off_.\n\nNow, Sir, I humbly conceive that repudiation means simply a dissolving\nof the marriage contract, hence of any contract or obligation and I\nbelieve I may say with safety, that in no standard classical author,\nancient or modern, is the term _repudiation_, or the verb, _repudiate_,\nused, except in connexion with some _obligation_ expressed, or in\nfigurative allusion to such obligation. The term, when applied to the\n\"drab-coloured men of Pennsylvania,\" is undoubtedly proper; they have\nindeed _repudiated_ their debt, and perhaps brought the word and the\nthing into vogue; but to use such a phrase as \"I repudiate the notion,\"\nis, I submit, surely to talk nonsense.\n\n H. C. K.\n\n ---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n_The First Panorama_ (Vol. iii., p. 526.).--E. N. W. must have made some\nmistake in his recollection. Girton was a painter, and may have worked\nat the Panorama of London; but the \"first Panorama\" was by Mr. Robert\nBarker. The sketches were made by his son, Henry Aston Barker, when only\na lad aged fifteen. They were taken from the top of the Albion Mills:\nthey were also etched by H. A. Barker at the same age, and aqua-tinted\nby Birnie, and published in six sheets, 22 by 17, a set of which I\npossess, with a note of their history, as herein communicated, written\n_in dorso_, long ago, from Mr. B.'s own lips.\n\n H. T. E.\n\nE. N. W. is correct in saying, that a semicircular view of London from\nthe top of the Albion Mills, near Blackfriar's bridge, preceded Barker's\npanoramas. It must have been painted about the year 1793. I saw it at\nthe end of that year, or at the very beginning of 1794. But it was not\nexhibited in St. Martin's Lane, but in Castle Street, in a rough\nbuilding--not, I believe, erected for the purpose--at the back of a\nsmall house on the eastern side of that street. Perhaps some other of\nyour octogenarian readers may recollect its being there, as well as\nmyself. The scene on the Thames was the water-procession on Lord Mayor's\nday.\n\n W. D.\n\n_Chaucer and Gray_ (Vol. iii., p. 492).--MR. THOMS suggests a very\ninteresting parallel between a line in Chaucer, and Gray's \"Even in our\nashes\", &c. Gray himself refers to Petrarch as his original, and the\nthought occurs in Shakspeare:\n\n \"In me thou seest the glowing of such fire,\n That on the ashes of his youth doth lie.\"\n\nAnd Malone, in a note on the passage (_Supplement to Shakspeare_, 1780,\nvol. i. p. 640), adduces the passage in Chaucer quoted by MR. THOMS as\nan illustration. Steevens has mentioned the following passage in Sir P.\nSidney's _Arcadia_ \"In ashes of despair, though burnt, shall make thee\nlive.\" Compare, also, _Antony and Cleopatra_, Act V. Sc. 2.\n\n J. O. H.\n\nTo the verse,\n\n \"Even in our ashes live their wonted fires,\"\n\nGray has himself appended a note, indicating that it was suggested by\nPetrarch, sonnet 169.; and \"I will take the poet's word for a thousand\npounds.\" It was originally written--\n\n \"Awake and faithful to her wonted fires,\"\n\nwhich has but little to do with Chaucer.\n\n VARRO.\n\n_Burns and Propertius._--There is a strange inclination to attribute\nsimilarity of sentiment to plagiarism; as if it were almost impossible\nfor two men of genius to hit upon the same notions, independently of\neach other. In Propertius (II. i. 3, 4.) we find--\n\n \"Non h\u00e6c Calliope, non h\u00e6c mihi cantat Apollo,\n Ingenium nobis ipsa puella facit.\"\n\nIn Burns we read--\n\n \"O, were I on Parnassus' hill!\n Or had of Helicon my fill;\n That I might catch poetic skill\n To sing how dear I love thee.\n But Nith maun be my Muse's well,\n _My Muse maun be thy bonnie sel'_.\"\n\nHad Burns been much of a Latin scholar, he would probably have been\naccused of stealing from Propertius.\n\n VARRO.\n\n_Shakspeare in Sweden._--The writings of Shakspeare would appear from\nthe following fact to be read with as much avidity and delight in Sweden\nas in his native country. A translation of his plays by Hagberg,\nProfessor of Greek in the University of Lund, is now in course of\npublication. Of this, twelve volumes have appeared; and although the\nfirst edition consisted of no less than two thousand copies, the whole\nhave been sold off, and a second edition is in preparation. Professor\nHagberg's translation is most favourably spoken of by those who are\nqualified to judge of its merits.\n\n W. J. T.\n\n\n\n\nQueries.\n\n\nON THE ELISION OF THE LETTER \"V.\"\n\nThrough the medium of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" I would be permitted to invite\nattention to a peculiar pronunciation that has extensively prevailed,\nthough unnoticed I believe in print, of many words wherein the letter\n_v_ occurs between two vowels.\n\nWhile resident in the country, when a boy, I was struck with the\nsingular manner in which the names of certain places, having a _v_ so\ncircumstanced, were pronounced, for the _v_ was wholly silent, and\noccasionally the latter vowel also; but as this was chiefly among\nuneducated people, I was led to regard it as a provincialism. However,\nas I became further acquainted with the names of places, I did not fail\nto observe, that it was by no means limited to any particular part of\nEngland. Thus, for example, the provincial pronunciation of Cavendish\n(Suffolk) is Ca'endish; of Daventry, Da'entry; of Staverton and Coverley\n(Warwickshire), Sta'erton and Co'erly; of Evesham, E'esham; of Davenham\n(Cheshire), Da'enham; of Lavington (Lincolnshire), La'enton or Lenton;\nof Avebury (Wilts), Abury; of Lavenham and Cavenham (Suffolk), Lanham\nand Canham; of Overton (Leicestershire, Westmoreland, and Cumberland),\nOrton; and the Principality gives us Aberga'enny for Abergavenny.\nIvilchester has become Ilchester, and Tovecester (now written Towcester)\nis pronounced To'ecester; while Hoveden (Yorkshire) is called Ho'eden,\nor Howden, as it is now commonly spelt. Similar examples might be\nmultiplied. Sometimes a succeeding consonant has undergone a change, as\nPe'emsey for Pevensey, and Rochester for Rovecester or Rofecester.\nNumerous as the instances are, there has been some apparent caprice in\nthe matter, not easily explained. For though, as we have seen, Staverton\nand Coverley in Warwickshire, and Daventry on the borders of that\ncounty, undergo this change, yet, as far as I can learn, Coventry was\never free from it; and in the like manner Twiverton in Devonshire is\ncalled Twerton, yet I believe Tiverton was never Terton. There may have\nbeen something in the original forms or meanings of Coventry, Tiverton,\nand the like, that occasioned the _v_ to be retained.\n\nMany examples of the omission of this letter might be adduced from\nsurnames, did space permit; indeed, several of those given above are\nsurnames, as well as names of places; and some readers may recollect the\nchange noticed in Selden's _Titles of Honour_, of Roger Wendover into\nRoger of Windsor, the first step having been to write Roger of Windore.\n\nNor is the practice confined to names. All are familiar with such\ncontractions as _e'er_, _ne'er_, _o'er_, _e'en_, and _se'nnight_. We\nhave also _ill_ for _evil_, and the Scotch have _de'il_ for _devil_, and\n_e'ening_ for _evening_. In like manner have we derived _lord_ from the\nold English _loverd_ or _louerd_; _lark_ from _laverock_ (Anglo-Saxon\n_lauerc_); _hawk_ from the Anglo-Saxon _hafoc_ or _hauoc_; and _head_\nfrom the Anglo-Saxon _heafod_ or _heauod_; for the _f_ or _u_ in\nAnglo-Saxon, when representing our _v_, became subject to this elision.\nTime was, too, when _shovel_ was pronounced _sho'el_, and rhymed with\n_owl_; as is exemplified in the nursery lay of the death and burial of\npoor Cock Robin.\n\nWithout now attempting to account for this usage of speech, which seems\nto imply the prevalence of a former pronunciation of _v_ very different\nfrom the present, I will briefly notice that the like elision is of\nfrequent occurrence in Latin, chiefly in the perfect tenses and their\nderivatives, as _am\u00e2runt_ for _amaverunt_, and _aud\u00eesset_ for\n_audivisset_; occasionally, too, in nouns, as _labrum_ for _lavabrum_;\nand also in the compounds of _versus_, as _retro'rsum_. It is found, I\nmay add, in a few French words derived from the Latin, as _oncle_ from\n_avunculus_, and _cit\u00e9_ from _civitas_. In the several languages above\nmentioned the _v_ between two vowels is also found passing into _w_ or\n_u_, especially after _a_ or _o_, the second vowel being in such cases\ndropped, thus indicating the connexion that existed between _v_ and _u_,\nwhich letters we know were in times past written indifferently for each\nother. The discussion, however, of this connexion is beside my present\npurpose.\n\nThe Latin contractions that I have adverted to are well known, and often\nnoticed; and it is remarkable that the manner in which this treatment of\nthe _v_ has affected the pronunciation and orthography of our own\nlanguage, should have almost escaped observation. An acquaintance with\nit has been found of service when consulting ancient writings and the\npublished records; for those who would use such sources of information\nwith advantage, should be prepared not only to recognise, but also to\nanticipate, the various changes which names of persons and places have\nundergone.\n\n W. S. W*****D.\n\n\nANTHONY MUNDY.\n\nA few weeks since some manuscripts were placed in my hands belonging to\nthe Hon. E. M. L. Mostyn, M. P. (removed from the library at Mostyn\nHall in Flintshire), in order that I might ascertain the contents; and\non looking at them, I discovered a play in the autograph of Anthony\nMundy, with his signature at the end, and the date (supplied by another\nhand) of December, 1595. This play, entitled \"_A Booke of John a Kent\nand John a Cumber_,\" seems to have been hitherto unknown to all the\nwriters on the history of the stage; and its plot and dialogue appearing\nto me sufficiently curious to deserve publication, I lost no time in\ncommunicating my discovery to Mr. J. Payne Collier, under whose able\neditorship I am happy to learn that the work (by permission of Mr.\nMostyn) will shortly be printed by the Shakspeare Club. The object I now\nhave in view in making these remarks, is to point out an error relative\nto MUNDY (as he spells his own name) which, if not corrected, may\nacquire greater circulation than it possesses even at present. In\nWarton's _History of English Poetry_, 4to. vol. iii. p. 292. _n._\n(printed in 1781), at the close of his biographical account of Mundy, he\nmakes the following statement: \"He [Mundy] collected the arms of the\ncounty of Middlesex, _lately_ transferred from Sir Simeon Stuart's\nlibrary to the British Museum;\" and this paragraph is copied word for\nword by Chalmers (writing in 1812), and inserted in his _Biographical\nDictionary_ under the article MUNDAY (ANTONY). As no record exists in my\ndepartment of any such transfer, I was desirous to trace the truth of\nthis assertion, which the date of Chalmers could hardly have enabled me\nto do, had I not fortunately consulted Nichols's _Literary Anecdotes_,\nvol. viii. p. 645., where I found a letter from the Rev. Michael Tyson\nto Gough, dated June 10, 1777, in which he mentions the manuscripts then\nrecently sold at the seat of Sir Simeon Stuart, in Hampshire, and adds--\n\n \"A bookseller opposite the Exchange bought an heraldical lot of\n eighteen volumes, big and little, for which he asks twenty\n guineas: among them is Hawes's [_read_ Harvey's] original _Suffolk\n Church Notes_, and a beautiful _Visitation of Cambridge_.\"\n\nWith this clue I had little difficulty in ascertaining that the eighteen\nvolumes alluded to were preserved among the _Additional Manuscripts_ in\nthe British Museum, Nos. 4960-4977., and were probably purchased of the\nbookseller named above. I can trace no copy of the sale catalogue of Sir\nSimeon Stuart's library; but this library must have belonged to the\nthird baronet of that name, of Hartley-Maudit, co. Hants, who succeeded\nto the title in 1761. The manuscripts in question all belonged in the\nreign of Charles II. to Samuel Waker, painter-stainer, in whose\nhandwriting many of them are, among which is No. 4964, thus entitled:\n\"_Collections of Descents and Armes of the Gentry of Middlesex, whereof\nwas noe visitation generall of the same County, before that made by Sir\nHenry St. George, Richmond Herald [in 1634], except 7 descents of these\nare entered in the old visitation of Hertfordshire made in a'o 1572; all\nthe rest are the collections of mee_, RICH. MUNDY.\" It is evident that\nthis is the volume referred to by Warton and Chalmers; and no less\ncertain, that, by a careless blunder, the playwright _Anthony Mundy_ has\nbeen confounded with his namesake _Richard Mundy_, the painter-stainer,\nwhose voluminous heraldic labours are recorded in the _Catalogue of the\nHarleian MSS._, Nos. 1529-1534., 1536-1566., 1570. 1571. and 1577. The\nAdd. MS. 4964. is, in reality, only an incomplete copy by Waker of\nMundy's original manuscript, preserved in MS. Harl. 1551.\n\nI beg leave to annex the three following Queries.\n\n1. Did any relationship exist between Anthony and Richard Mundy?\n\n2. What is the name of the bookseller who lived \"opposite the Exchange\"\nin 1777?\n\n3. Can any copy of the sale catalogue of Sir Simeon Stuart's library be\nreferred to in existence?\n\n F. MADDEN.\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n17. _Margaret Maultasch--Arms of Halle._--In \"Marcel de Serres' Journey\nin Bavaria and the Tyrol\" (printed in Arliss's _Pocket Mag._ 1825), in\ndescribing the statues ranged round the mausoleum of the Emperor Mathias\nin the Franciscan churn at Innspruck, he says:\n\n \"Amidst the Princesses, Margaret Maultasch may easily be\n discovered by the hideous conformation of her mouth, and her eyes\n which glow with sensual desires. The singular arms which may be\n seen over the gates of Halle, but too plainly betoken the\n shameful and licentious character of this insatiable female.\"\n\nWhere can I read the life of this \"hideous\" personage? And what are the\narms alluded to? She was Duchess of Tyrol, and her portrait is in the\nChateau d'Eu; but I have never seen an engraving.\n\n G. CREED.\n\n18. _Test of Strength of a Bow._--What is the test of the strength of a\n_bow_?\n\nDoes the distance the bow throws the arrow increase in ratio to its\nstrength?\n\nWhat was the length of the bows used in the good old times? _Were the\nbows then made of more than one piece?_ Is there any advantage in having\nbow of _more_ than _two_ pieces?\n\nWhat wood _were_ the _arrows_ made of?\n\n TOXOPHILUS.\n\n19. _Vox Populi._--I have a copper coin in my cabinet (halfpenny size)\nwhich I shall be glad to have explained.\n\nThe obverse has a bust laureate in profile to the left, with the letter\n\"P.\" close to the nose. The bust appears to be of some popular Irish\nleader in 1760, as it is not like either to George II.'s or George\nIII.'s busts; and the legend \"Voce Populi.\"\n\nReverse: The figure of Hibernia seated, with an olive branch in her\nright hand, and a spear in her left; also a harp at her side. Legend:\n\"Hibernia.\" Exergue, \"1760.\"\n\n J. N. C.\n\n20. _Meaning of Whig and Tory._--May I beg sufficient space in your\njournal to inquire for the _exact etymology_ of the terms \"Whig\" and\n\"Tory?\" We all know the exact time when these first came into use. We\nall understand precisely the meaning of the terms \"Conservative,\"\n\"Liberal,\" \"Radical,\" \"Peelite,\" \"Protectionist,\" all of which, with the\nexception of Peelite, are equally applicable to things not political;\nbut Whig and Tory can only be used in this one sense. From whence then\ntheir derivation?\n\n A CLERK OF THE HOUSE.\n\n21. \"_Fortune, Infortune, Fort une._\"--In the church of Notre Dame de\nBrou, near the town of Bourg, in the department de l'Ain, the following\ninscription is engraved on the tomb of Marguerite d'Autriche, the wife\nof Philibert le Beau, Prince of Savoy:--\n\n \"Fortune, Infortune, Fort une.\"\n\nIn this epitaph, the first two words are intelligible enough, and allude\nto certain reverses of fortune which had chequered the life of the\nprincess; but the expression _fort une_ reads somewhat enigmatical, and\nI shall be obliged to any of your readers who can give the meaning of\nit.\n\n HENRY H. BREEN.\n\n St. Lucia, June, 1851.\n\n22. _Unde derivatur Stonehenge._--Antiquaries and topographers\ngenerally (Stukeley and Sir R.C. Hoare included) have been\nhitherto content to consider this word as a compound of _stan_ and\n_henge_, Anglo-Saxon;--that is, \"hanging stone.\" Now this\netymology of the word has always appeared to me very\nunsatisfactory. The cross stones do not hang; they lie on the\nuprights, and are kept in their places by mortice holes. An\ningenious friend of mine has, by what I consider a happy train of\nreasoning, arrived at another and a better conclusion. Every one\nknows that our German ancestors used the word _horse_ adjectively.\nAnd we still have it so in use to designate many things as the\nlargest of their kind; as _horse-chestnut_, _horse-daisey_,\n_horse-mushroom_, _horse-emmet_, &c. &c. _Horsa_ and _hengst_ or\n_hengist_, are convertible terms or if any difference, the latter\nword is used for _stallion_. If so, then, is it not reasonable to\nsuppose that the stones of this Druid temple would provoke the\nlargest idea of magnitude, and thence be called Stone-Hengst, or\nmore euphoniously, Stone-henge,--stallion stones?\n\n P. P.\n\n23. _Marriage of Bishops._--I should feel obliged to any of your\ncorrespondents who would supply me with an example from early Church\nhistory of a bishop or priest marrying after ordination.\n\nDeacons were expressly allowed to marry by the Council of Ancyra; but I\nshould wish an example of either of the others.\n\nMarriage after priestly ordination is now forbidden by the Greek church,\nand since the Council of Trullo bishops must be celibate or continent.\n\nSecond Query--What evidence is there that bishops in early times, if\nalready married, were obliged to put away their wives? It is said that\nSt. Gregory Nazianzen's father had children after he was raised to the\nepiscopate. Can this be proved, and are there other instances?\n\nFrom the silence of early Church writers as to any difference between\nthe clergy and laity on this point, I am much inclined to believe that\nthe Roman requirement of celibacy was then confined to the bishopric of\nRome itself, and the immediately adjoining country.\n\nSt. Paul, in 1 Cor. ix.5., says:\n\n \"Have we not power to lead about a sister, a wife, as well as the\n other apostles, and as the brethren of the Lord and Cephas?\"\n\nimplying that he had power to marry even then; and our Saviour speaks of\ncontinence as a gift given only to certain persons. (St. Matthew, chap.\nxix. ver. 11, 12.)\n\n A. B. C.\n\n Edinburgh, July 10. 1851.\n\n24. _The Sign \u00b6._--What is the meaning, and whence the origin of the\nsectional sign \u00b6, so much used in the Bible, and also at the head of the\nrubrical instructions in the Book of Common Prayer?\n\n P. P.\n\n25. _Early German Virgil._--I should like to know if the following name\nis that of a well-known publisher; and whether the book, from which I\ntake the name, is known? also, whether it is very rare, and of literary\nvalue? \"_Gedruckt zu Frankfurt am Main durch David Z\u00f6pffeln zum Eisern\nHuth, 1559._\"\n\nI find this at the end of a curious German translation of Virgil into\nverse--short and easy flowing.\n\nThere is a summary in verse, and a quaint engraving to every book. Bound\nin wood and leather. It has many odd peculiarities too long to mention.\n\nIn the Preface, this is said to be the _second_ edition, that the first\nwas published \"many years ago, by a learned man.\" It must have been\npublished about the same time as _Bishop Gawain (or Gawin) Douglas's_,\nand is something like it.\n\n R. S. T.\n\n26. _Fairlight Church._--In Diplock's _New Guide to Hastings, St.\nLeonard, and the Neighbourhood_, which, unfortunately, like most other\nworks of this class, is worse than useless to the architectural visitor,\nit is stated that the old church at Fairlight, which was taken down not\nvery long since, \"was a small but ancient structure, apparently of the\nearly part of the _thirteenth century_: it consisted of a chancel, nave,\nand square tower, and _was built of brick_.\"\n\nCan any of your readers inform a visitor here whether this is a correct\ndescription?\n\n ARUN.\n\n St. Leonard's on Sea.\n\n27. _The Leman Baronetcy._--I shall be extremely obliged by any account\nas to the succession of the disputed Leman Baronetcy or estates. Sir\nWilliam Leman, of Northaw (or Northall), Herts, was, I believe, the last\nof that designation, and up to the present time doubts exist as to the\nheir male or other descendants, although great property and possessions\nare in abeyance or at stake.\n\n H. M.\n\n28. _Armorial Bearings._--Can any of your correspondents inform me to\nwhat family the following arms belonged: Sa. a lion ramp. or, betw.\nthree fleur-de-lys ermine. Crest, a sea-horse. Motto, \"Fortior vi\nvirtus.\"\n\nThe above arms are painted on the portrait of a gentleman wearing a\nruff, temp. James I., in the possession of my family, and I am anxious\nto ascertain who it represents.\n\n F. J. B.\n\n Winchester.\n\n29. \"_History of Magnetical Discovery._\"--In the _Gentleman's Magazine_\nfor April 1840, I find the following notice:\n\n \"Thomas Stephens Davies, Esq., Fellow of the Royal Societies of\n London and Edinburgh, Professor of Mathematics in the Royal\n Military Academy at Woolwich, and Author of the _History of\n Magnetical Discovery_, &c. &c.\"\n\nBeing interested in all that concerns the late Mr. Davies, I shall feel\nmuch obliged to any one who will state where I can find the _History_\nhere alluded to. I may add that I am acquainted with his papers on\n\"Terrestrial Magnetism,\" published in the London _Philosophical\nTransactions_ for 1835-6; but since they do not much partake of the\ncharacter of \"History,\" they can scarcely be the papers intended.\n\n T. T. W.\n\n Burley, Lancashire.\n\n30. _George Chalmers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what\nbecame of the MSS. of the late Mr. George Chalmers?\n\nOn the titles of many of the older poets and dramatists of Scotland I\nhave met with his notes referring evidently to some MS. list of the\nlives of such writers in his possession. My inquiry has reference,\ntherefore, more particularly to the MS. in question, which has not, I\nthink, been published.\n\n J. O.\n\n31. _Mistake as to an Eclipse._--\n\n \"Some,\" says Meric Casaubon, \"have been deceived in the hour [of\n an eclipse], as in the eclipse that happened _April 3, 1605_;\n about which some very able artists are noted to have mistaken; and\n the reason is given by astronomers how such a mistake might\n happen.\"\n\nSuch is my \"Note;\" but I cannot just now give the reference. I will\nanswer for its accuracy. Can any one give some account of that eclipse,\nand state the reasons alleged why \"such a mistake might happen?\"\n\n VARRO.\n\n32. _Statue of Mrs. Jordan._--In visiting Chantrey's studio some years\nsince, in company with a sculptor still living, we received from Mr.\nAllan Cunningham a similar account to that which MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM\nhas given, that is to say, that the design was _Stodhart's_, of which,\nindeed, it bore too certain evidence.\n\nChantrey was engaged at that time upon a colossal equestrian figure of\nSir Thomas Picton, destined, I believe, for India. On that visit I was\nsingularly impressed with the gracefulness and beauty of the statue of a\nfemale figure with three children; one was at her breast, and in the\ncurled head of another at her feet was the mother's hand enfolded. On\nthe pedestal of the statue was this inscription:\n\n \"Sacred to the memory of Norah Bland.\"\n\nI learnt from Mr. Cunningham that this was the statue of Mrs. Jordan,\nand was executed for William IV., and that there was some difficulty\nrespecting its place of reception. What is become of this noble work of\nart? The little boy amongst whose curls the mother's hand played, was\nthe late Earl of Munster.\n\n JAMES CORNISH.\n\n Falmouth.\n\n33. \"_A Posie of other Men's Flowers._\"--Can any of your readers refer\nme to the following passage?--\n\n \"I have cull'd me a posie of other men's flowers, and nothing, save\n the string that binds them, is mine own.\"\n\n D. Q.\n\n34. _Sir Edmund Ployden or Plowden._--I am desirous of obtaining\ninformation respecting Sir Edmund Ployden or Plowden, who (according to\na tract published at Middleburg in Holland, in 1648, by a writer signing\nhimself \"Beauchamp Plantagenet\") received a grant of land from the crown\nof England, covering portions of the present states of Maryland,\nDelaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York. Of this province,\nwhich was called New Albion, the grantee was \"Lord Proprietor,\" \"Earl\nPalatine,\" \"Governor,\" and \"Captain General.\" Your assistance I venture\nto ask, as this is a matter of historical interest here.\n\n A TRANSATLANTIC READER.\n\n Philadelphia, July, 1851.\n\n35. _Pope's Translations or Imitations of Horace_ (Vol. i., p.\n230.).--As you have, I hope, very largely increased the number of\nreaders and contributors since I asked the question above referred to,\nand as it has as yet received no answer, I hope you will allow me to\nrepeat it, in the hope that some of your new correspondents may be able\nto tell me what satirical \"_Imitation of Horace_\" can have been, so\nearly as 1716, attributed to Pope?\n\nI would also, on the same grounds, beg leave to repeat another question,\nformerly proposed by P. C. S. S. and by myself (Vol. i, pp. 201. 246.):\nWhat is the precise meaning of the last couplet of these lines of Pope:\n\n \"The hero William, and the martyr Charles,\n One knighted Blackmore and one pensioned Quarles,\n _Which made old Ben and surly Dennis swear,\n 'No Lord's anointed, but a Russian bear.'_\"\n\nThat Pope had a precise meaning cannot be doubted; but I have never\nheard a reasonable guess at what it might be.\n\n C.\n\n36. _John Bodley._--Among the Parker MSS. in Corpus Library at Cambridge\nis a patent of Queen Elizabeth to John Bodeleigh to print the English\nBible for seven years.\n\nIn the list of translators of the Bible in 1611, as given in the\nIntroduction to Jameson's _Glossary of the Holy Scriptures_, appears the\nname \"Burleigh, M.A.,\" but without any biographical notice, as in the\nother instances.\n\nIn Burn's _Livre des Anglois \u00e0 G\u00e9n\u00e8ve_, it is stated that John Bodleigh,\nthe father of the celebrated Sir Thomas Bodley, was one of the\ntranslators of the Bible.\n\nCan any of your readers throw light on the history of either of these\nmen, or kindly point to any sources of information respecting them?\n\n S. S. S.\n\n37. _Dr. Thomas Johnson._--Can your readers give me _any_ particulars of\n_Dr. Thomas Johnson_, the editor of _Gerarde's Herbal_? I do not require\nsuch information as I can obtain concerning him in Wood's _Athen\u00e6\nOxonienses_, or Pulteney's _Sketches of Botany_; but I especially wish\nfor some information relative to his place of burial, and whether there\nis any monumental or other record of its whereabout. He died from a\nwound he received during a _sortie_ from Basing House on the 14th of\nSeptember, 1644.\n\n GAMMA.\n\n38. \"_You Friend drink to me Friend._\"--Can you inform me in what\ncollection of glees I shall find an old one, the burden or chorus of\nwhich is--\n\n \"The more we love good liquor, the merrier we shall be?\"\n\nI think the first line is--\n\n \"You friend drink to me friend, and I friend drink to thee.\"\n\n AN M. D.\n\n39. _The Latin Termination \"aster.\"_--Can any of your correspondents\ntell me why the termination _aster_ is used in a depreciatory sense in\nLatin, as _poetaster_, a bad poet; _oleaster_, the wild olive;\n_pinaster_, the wild pine? With regard to this latter substantive, I\nhave seen the mistake made in a descriptive catalogue of the pine\nspecies, of calling this the _star pine_; but I have no doubt that it\nwas named _pinaster_, as inferior to the stone pine, or _Pinus pinea_,\nwhich embellishes the Italian gardens, while the _pinaster_ flourishes\non the mountains and the sea-coast.\n\nProbably other examples may be found where the terminal _aster_ is used\nin a similar sense.\n\n A BORDERER.\n\n40. _Portrait of Dryden._--Can any of your correspondents or readers\ninform me where any _undoubted_ original portrait of John Dryden is to\nbe found? Malone, Dryden's biographer, enumerates seven or eight\nportraits, and he states where they were in 1800. I am aware that two\nare in the Bodleian Gallery at Oxford, the one stated by Malone \"painter\nunknown;\" and the other alleged to be by Kneller; but I do not consider\nthe latter to be an original. I wish more particularly to know who has a\n_half-length_ original portrait. Dryden was painted by Kneller,\nClosterman, and Riley.\n\n BEVILLE.\n\n41. _Inscription on a Claymore out in 1745._--On the retreat of the\nHighland army from England in 1746, Prince Charles Edward and his staff\npassed through Dumfries, and slept in a house now known as the\nCommercial Inn.\n\nAfter their departure there was found a light claymore, apparently the\nproperty of an officer; and as it was never claimed, it remained in the\nhouse for some years, and ultimately came into my possession. It is\nformed of the finest tempered steel, and bears the following very\ncurious inscription on one side,\n\n [x] GOTT BEWAR DE;\n\nand on the other,\n\n [x] VERECHTE SCHOTTEN.\n\nSome of your learned correspondents will oblige by giving a translation,\nand a reason for such an inscription on a Scottish sword.\n\n T. M. W.\n\n Liverpool.\n\n\n\n\nReplies.\n\n\nDE REBUS SEPTENTRION ALIBUS.\n\nAt page 371. of Vol. iii. I addressed a Query as to the best mode of\nreaching Iceland. I have since ascertained that the principal\ncommunication with Iceland is from Copenhagen; whence during the season\nsail a monthly packet, sundry trading-vessels, and sometimes a Danish\nfrigate. Danish vessels also call at Hull and Liverpool to load with\nsalt for Iceland. The Norwegian trade thither has ceased since 1814, and\nit has now scarcely any intercourse except with Denmark. A few dirty\nsmacks of fifty or sixty tons, from the Thames and another place or two,\nresort there to fish, they do not go into port. There is no further mode\nof reaching that interesting and remarkable island, except per yacht, or\nby one of the steam-excursions which are occasionally advertised in _The\nTimes_. The Danish steamers mentioned in Murray's _Guide-book_ have\ndiscontinued running.\n\nMurray gives but little respecting, Iceland, but that little is good.\nThe best book on it that I have met with is, _An Historical and\nDescriptive Account of Iceland, Greenland, and the Far\u00f6e Islands, with\nIllustrations of their Natural History_, by James Nicol: Oliver and\nBoyd, Edinburgh, 1844. It embodies the substance of all the best\ninformation in small space. The last published English visit to Iceland\nseems to be that of Barrow in 1835 but a much more recent account has\nbeen published in German by that enterprising lady Ida Pfeiffer, of a\nvoyage she made there. An interesting statement of the diseases and\nsanatory condition of Iceland is found in the _British and Foreign\nMedico-Chirurgical Review_ for 1850, vol v., being a notice of a work\nentitled, _Island unders\u00f6gt fra l\u00e6gevidenskabeligt Synspunct_, by Dr.\nSchleisner, Fellow of the Royal Medical Society of Copenhagen, who went\nto Iceland purposely to examine into its medical condition.\n\nOf works on Norway, Murray's _Hand-book_ is the best, and contains a\nlist of books on Scandinavia published up to 1848. Besides these, there\nare the following:--\n\n1. _Scandinavian Sketches; or, a Tour in Norway._ By Lieutenant Breton,\nR.N.\n\n2. Wittich's _Visit to the Western Coast of Norway_: London, 1848.\nContains accurate physical descriptions of the country.\n\n3. Forester's _Norway in 1848 and 1849_: London, 1850. Conveys to the\nmind an excellent and very complete picture of Norwegian scenery,\ntravelling, manners and customs, &c., and gives much valuable\ninformation. The plates are very truthful and characteristic.\n\n4. Ross's _Yacht Voyage to Norway_ is not worth much; and\n\n5. Jones's _Angler's Guide to Norway_ is worth less.\n\n6. Barrow's _Visit to Iceland by way of Trondhjem in 1834_ contains much\nabout some parts of Norway.\n\nWritten in Norwegian, and published in Christiania, is a fine work\nentitled, _Norge Fremstillet i Tegninger_, 1848. The \"Tegninger\" are\nlithographs, eighty-two in number, and well executed and the\ndescriptions are highly interesting. There is also now publishing a\nseries of coloured plates of the Norwegian costumes, denominated _Norske\nNationaldragter tegnede efter Naturen af forskjellige Norske kunstnere,\nog ledsagede med en oplysende Text_: Christiania, 1850. The plates are\nhighly coloured, and the letter-press is in Norsk, German, and English.\nMr. Schirmer of Christiania is also publishing a series of magnificent\narchitectural drawings of the old cathedrals of Norway. There are\nseveral excellent maps of Norway, of which Munch's is the best but the\nonly geological map is a very large and complicated one in many sheets,\nI think by Professor Keilhau. On the botany of Norway there are,\nHartmann, _Handbok i Skandinaviens Flora_: Stockholm, 1843, and Lund,\n_Haandbog i Christianias phanerogame Flora_: Christiania, 1846. The\nDanish pharmacopoeia is still employed by the Norwegian apothecaries. On\nthe dreadful disease found in the Bergen-Stift, called _Elephantiasis\nGr\u00e6corum_, or _Spedalskhed_, Doctors Danielssen and Boeck have put forth\na work in French and Norwegian, embodying an immense deal of research\nand information, accompanied with an Atlas of twenty-four coloured\nplates. They consider this disease to be identical with the leprosy of\nScripture. Their book was published in 1847; and contains references to\nevery known account of the disease up to that date, in a bibliographical\nlist of great length. An article upon it, comprehending a short but\ncomplete account of the disease, may be found in the _British and\nForeign Med. Chir. Review for 1850_, vol. v.\n\nOf Norwegian national songs and music, there are, besides Lindeman's\n_Norske Field-Melodier_, the following publications:--\n\n1. _Folke Sange og Melodier, F\u00e6drelandske og Fremmelse, udsalte for\nPianoforte_, 1844.\n\n2. _Sangsamling for Norske Selskabskredse: udgiven af det Norske\nStudenter-samfund_: Christiania, 1839. The students of the Christiania\nUniversity have much taste for music, and are very fond of singing in\nparts and choruses.\n\n3. _Scandinaviske Folkesange udsalte for Pianoforte af Niels W. Gade._\n\n4. _Norske Viser og Stev i Folkesproget. Anden Udgave_: Christiania,\n1848. This contains forty-three national ballads, mostly in provincial\ndialects, and consequently very difficult to translate but, in many\nrespects, extremely curious, referring to the manners, customs, and\nsuperstitions of the peasantry. The new edition is edited by P. A.\nMunch, Professor of History in the University of Christiania. The notes\nof some national airs are added at the end.\n\nProfessor Munch also published in 1850, _Symbol\u00e6 ad Historiam\nAntiquiorem Rerum Norvegicarum. I. Breve Chronicon Norvegi\u00e6. II.\nGenealogia Comitum Orcadensium. III. Catalogus Regum Norvegi\u00e6. E. Codice\nquoad magnam partem hactenus inedito, et in orcadibus, ut videtur, medio\ns\u00e6culo XVto conscripto._ Appended to it is the following curious\ngenealogy:--\n\n\"Stemma, originem celsissim\u00e6 principis LUDOVIC\u00c6, futur\u00e6 Principis nostri\nuxoris, nec non VICTORI\u00c6, augustissim\u00e6 Britanniarum regin\u00e6, a _Sancto\nOlao_, patrono Norvegi\u00e6, illustrans.\"\n\n\n \"SANCTUS OLAUS, rex Norveg., ob. 1030, pr. kal. Sept. Uxor\n | Astrida, filia _Olai_ regis Sveci\u00e6.\n _Ulfhilda_, mar. _Ordulfus_, dux Saxoni\u00e6, ob. 1074.\n |\n _Magnus_, dux Sax. ob. 1106.\n |\n _Ulfhilda_, mar. _Henricus Niger_, dux Bavari\u00e6.\n |\n _Henricus Superbus_, dux Bavari\u00e6 et Saxoni\u00e6, ob. 1130.\n |\n _Henricus Leo_, id. ob. 1195.\n |\n _Wilhelmus_, dux, ob. 1213.\n |\n _Otto Puer_, dux Brunsvico-Luneburgensis, ob. 1252.\n |\n _Albertus Magnus_, dux Brunsv. ob. 1279.\n |\n _Albertus pinguis_, dux Br. G\u00f6ttingen, ob. 1318.\n |\n _Magnus pius_, dux Brunsv. ob. 1368.\n |\n _Magnus Torquatus_, dux Brunsv. ob. 1373.\n |\n +----------+---------------+\n | |\n _Bernhardus_, dux Lun. _Henricus_, dux Br.\n | ob. 1434. | ob. 1416.\n _Fridericus pius_, id. _Wilhelmus victoriosus_, dux\n | ob. 1478. | Br. ob. 1482.\n _Otto Magnanimus_, id. _Wilhelmus junior_, dux Br.\n | ob. 1471. | Guelferb. ob. c.\n | | 1500.\n _Henricus junior_, id. _Henricus malus_, dux Br.\n | ob. 1532. | Guelf. ob. 1514.\n _Ernestus_, d. Cell\u00e6, _Henricus junior_, id. ob.\n | ob. 1546. | 1575.\n _Wilhelmus junior_, d. Lun. _Julius_, id. ob. 1589.\n | ob. 1592. |\n _Georgius_, id. _Henricus Julius_, id. ob.\n | ob. 1641. | 1613.\n _Ernestus Augustus_, _Sophia Hedviga_, ob. 1642,\n | Elector Hannov. | nupta _Ernesto\n | 1698. | Casimiro_, Com. de\n | | Nassau-Dietz.\n _Georgius I._ rex Brit. _Wilhelmus Fridericus_, com.\n | ob. 1727. | de N.-D. vicerex\n | | Fresi\u00e6, ob. 1664.\n _Georgius II._ rex Br. _Henricus Casimirus_, pr. de\n | ob. 1760. | Nassau-Dietz, v.\n | | Fresi\u00e6, ob. 1696.\n Fridericus Ludovicus, _Johannes Willelmus Friso_,\n | princ. Brit. | pr. de Nassau-Dietz,\n | ob. 1751. | vic. her. Fresi\u00e6,\n | | ob. 1711.\n _Georgius III._ rex Br. _Willelmus Carolus Henricus\n | ob. 1820. | Friso_, pr.\n | | Arausionensis, vic.\n | | her. Bat. ob. 1751.\n _Edwardus Augustus_, dux _Willelmus V._ pr.\n | Canti\u00e6, | Arausionensis, vic.\n | ob. 1820. | her. Bat. ob. 1806.\n VICTORIA, regina _Willelmus I._ rex Bat. ob.\n Britanniarum. | 1843.\n |\n +------------+------------+\n | |\n _Willelmus II._ _Willelmus Fridericus\n | rex Bat. | Carolus_,\n | ob. 1849. | pr. Bat.\n WILLELMUS III. WILLELMINA FRIDERICA\n rex Bat. ALEXANDRINA, Anna\n Ludovica, nata 5 Aug.\n 1828.\"\n\nFurther elucidating the ancient history of Scandinavia are the following\nworks:--\n\n_Fagskrinna. Kortfaltet Norsk Konge-Saga fra slutningen af det 12te\neller begyndelsen af det 13de aarhundrede. Udgivet af P. A. Munch,\nProfessor i Historie, og C. R. Unger, Stipendiat i Nordisk\nSprogvidenskab_: Christiania, 1847. In Icelandic, with Norwegian\nintroduction and notes. _C. M. Falsen, Geografisk Beskrivelse over\nKongeriget Norge og Udsigt over dets \u00e6ldre Historie, som Indledning til\nNorges udf\u00f6rlige Historie_, 1821; and _Norges Historie under Kong Harald\nHaarfager og hans mandlige Descendenter_, 1824, by the same author.\n\nThe various works and sources of information above mentioned will be\nfound to lead on to many others, so that it will not be difficult for\nthose who wish it, and can afford the time, to enter fully into the\nhighly interesting and curious history of the North--a subject which\nonce entered upon is not easy to quit. The literature of Scandinavia is\nconsiderable: although that of Denmark and of Norway is less known,\ndistinctively, in this country, than the Swedish portion; partly, no\ndoubt, because the semi-barbarous Gothic character is still much used\ninstead of the clearer Roman type. English literature is much liked in\nNorway, and they have translations of Scott, Bulwer, Laing, Washington\nIrving, and some others.\n\nI am very anxious to obtain information on the unanswered points\nreferred to at page 370.\n\n WILLIAM E.C. NOURSE.\n\n_Postscriptum._--In enumerating recent works on Iceland and the North, I\nomitted to mention Dillon's _Winter in Iceland and Lapland_, 2 volumes,\nLondon, 1840 an excellent work not sufficiently known.\n\nThe trading vessels to Iceland are exceedingly rough and dirty. The\nDart, Madeira packet, a fine brig of 350 tons, will probably go thither\nthis summer with passengers.\n\n W. E. C. N.\n\n\nHUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 427.)\n\nMR. BOLTON CORNEY having favoured your readers with \"a notice of some of\nthe statements\" contained in my article above-named, I deem it a duty\nincumbent upon myself to make a few remarks upon these \"notices,\" which\nI shall do in the briefest manner possible.\n\nThe object of my paper was to call attention to a forgotten poet, and to\nendeavour to obtain some information regarding the locality of his\nmanuscripts. Had I been writing the life of Hugh Holland, I should, of\ncourse, have investigated the dates of his biography and works more\nfully than it was necessary to do for a trifling article like that in\nquestion. But, as it is, the facts and dates which I have given are all\nderived from creditable and well-known sources and all the facts and\ndates in question are the _facts and dates_ of older writers than\nmyself, as will appear by the following.\n\n1. \"He was born at Denbigh in 1558.\" He was born at Denbigh, but not in\n1558. In 1625 he thus expressed himself:\n\n \"Why was the fatall spinster so vnthrifty?\n To draw my third four yeares to tell and fifty!\"\n\n_Answer._ Where are these lines taken from, and what do they mean? What\nis the proof that they relate to _Hugh Holland_? \"Hugh Holland, an\nesquire's son of Denbighshire,\" was matriculated at Baliol College,\nOxford, anno 1582, aged twenty-four. My authority is Wood's _Athen\u00e6_,\nedit. Bliss, vol. ii. p. 560.\n\n2. He did not quit Westminster school till 1589. If ever he pursued his\nstudies at Baliol College, it was some ten years afterwards.\n\n_Answer._ Who says he did not quit Westminster school till 1589?--Joseph\nWelch, or MR. BOLTON CORNEY? Allowing it to be the former, are all\nWelch's dates correct? I have Wood's authority that Hugh Holland\nmatriculated at Baliol in 1582.\n\n3. \"About 1590 he succeeded to a fellowship at Trinity College,\nCambridge.\" In 1589 he was elected from Westminster to a _scholarship_\nin Trinity College, Cambridge--not to a _fellowship_. At a later period\nof life he may have succeeded to a fellowship.\n\n_Answer._ My words are, \"_about_ 1590 he succeeded to a fellowship.\" MR.\nCORNEY adds, \"In 1589\" he was elected to a _scholarship_. I must again\nrefer to honest old Wood, who expressly says that he was a _fellow_ of\nTrinity College.\n\n4. \"Holland published two works: 1. _Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti\nPauli_, Lond. 1613, 4to. 2. _A Cypress Garland_, &c., Lond. 1625, 4to.\"\nHugh Holland was not the compiler of the first-named work: the initials\nH. H. admit of another interpretation.\n\n_Answer._ Why does not MR. CORNEY give your readers his interpretation\nof the mysterious \"H. H.?\" One Henry Holland was the author of _A Booke\nof Kings, being the true Effigies of our English Kings_, &c.: Lond.\n1618, 4to. Is this the interpretation? If so, I ask for the proof.\n\n5. The dates assigned to the _Monumenta Sancti Pauli_ are \"1613, 1616,\n1618, and 1633.\" Here are three errors in as many lines. The _first_\nedition is dated in 1614. The edition of 1633, which is entitled\n_Ecclesia Sancti Pauli illustrata_, is the _second_. No other editions\nexist.\n\n_Answer._ The edition of 1614 was certainly the first, and that of 1633\n_certainly_ the second. In the preface to the latter the author says,\n\"My first collection of these Monumentall Epitaphs I published anno\n1614, full nineteen yeeres sithence.\" My authority, however, for the\n\"three errors in as many lines\" is Cole's Collections for an _Athen\u00e6\nCantabrigenses_. (See Brydges _Restituta_, vol. iii p. 215.)\n\n6. \"Holland also printed a copy of Latin verses before Alexander's\n_Roxana_, 1632.\" No such work exists. He may have printed verses before\nthe _Roxana_ of W. Alabaster, who was his brother-collegian.\n\n_Answer._ My authority again is Cole's Collections in _Restituta_, vol.\niii. p. 215, where, under the head of \"Hugh Holland, fellow of Trinity\nCollege,\" is this line: \"Has a copy of Latin verses before Dr.\nAlexander's _Roxana_, 1632.\" I shall therefore leave the shade of Cole\nand MR. BOLTON CORNEY to settle the question as to whether any such work\nexists.\n\nI have now disposed of the six statements, and have only to add, that\nthe authorities which I have consulted are those which I have named.\n\n EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n\n\"PRENZIE\" IN \"MEASURE FOR MEASURE\"\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 522)\n\nThe suggestion of _primzie_ is too ingenious, and too apparently happy,\nto be passed over without adducing some reason for refusing to give it\nthe preference to Tieck's reading of _precise_.\n\nThe terminal adjuncts _zie_, _sie_, _some_, generally imply some playful\ndiminutive variation of the original word, certainly they never add\nforce or gravity to it: _prim_, in itself, is a diminutive of\n_primitive_, and applies more to external appearance than to internal\ncharacter. I do not think, therefore that even _prim_ would be a word\nsufficiently dignified for the situation and context; much less is its\ndiminutive _primsie_.\n\nIt seems to me that the character of Angelo is generally mistaken; he is\ntoo often looked upon as a mere hypocrite, whereas Shakspeare depicts\nhim, before his fall, as a rigid but _sincere_ ascetic. This view of his\ncharacter accounts for his final condemnation of Claudio: he has no\nmercy for _the crime_, even while committing it himself; and he was just\nthe man who, had he escaped detection, would probably have passed the\nremainder of his life in the exercise of self-inflicted penance.\n\nViewing Angelo, therefore, as a man proverbial for rigidly virtuous\nconduct; who stood \"at a guard with envy;\" who challenged scrutiny; and\nwho was above the tongue of slander; I do not think that _primsie_ can\nbe looked upon as an appropriate designation in the mouth of Claudio. He\nwould use some word in the greatest possible contrast to the infamous\nconduct Isabella was imputing to Angelo: _primsie_ would be weak and\nalmost unmeaning, and, as such, I will not receive it as Shakespeare's,\nso long as the choice of a better remains.\n\nDoes not Shakspeare, by his frequent repetition of _precise_, in this\nplay, seem purposely to stamp it with that peculiar signification\nnecessary to his meaning, that is, rigidly virtuous? Another example of\nit, not, I believe, before noticed, is where Elbow describes his \"two\nnotorious benefactors\" as \"precise villains,\" \"void of all profanation\nthat good Christians ought to have.\"\n\nThe humour of this is in the contrast afforded by Elbow's association of\nincongruous and inconsistent terms, causing Escalus to exclaim, \"Do you\nhear how he misplaces?\" _Precise_ therefore in this place also requires\na meaning as opposite as possible to villany, something _more_ than\nformal, in order that the humour may be fully appreciated.\n\nWith respect to Halliwell's quotation from Fletcher's poems, it\ncertainly confers upon _prin_ a very different meaning from any that\n_prim_ is capable of receiving: the context requires _prin_ to have some\nsignification akin to _fleshless_; like \"bodyes at the resurrection,\njust rarifying into ayre.\" _Prin_, in this sense, would seem to have\nsome relation to _pine_, since _pin_ and _prin_ were synonymous.\n\n A. E. B.\n\n Leeds, July, 1851\n\n\nTHE TEN COMMANDMENTS\n\n(Vol. iii, pp. 166, 230, 412.)\n\nThe earliest divisions of the Decalogue are those of Josephus (_Ant.\nJud._, lib. iii. c. v. s. 5.), the Chaldee Paraphrase of Jonathan, and\n_Philo-Jud\u00e6us de Decem Oraculis_. According to the two former, the 3rd\nverse of Exod. xx., \"Thou shalt have no other gods but me,\" contains the\nfirst commandment, the 4th, 5th, and 6th, the second. Philo makes the\nPreface or Introduction to be a distinct commandment, as do also St.\nJerome and Hesychius. The two latter make what we call the first and\nsecond to be the second only; but Philo does not recite the words \"Thou\nshalt have no other gods but me;\" and whether he understood them in the\nfirst or the second, does not hence appear. The same uncertainty is\nfound in Athanasius in _Synopsi S. Scriptur\u00e6_.\n\nIt may however be inferred, from these two writers giving the\ncommencement only of the other commandments, that they made the\nprohibition, \"Thou shalt not make,\" &c., in the same manner the\ncommencement of the second; and therefore joined the other, \"Thou shalt\nhave,\" &c., to the words \"I am the Lord thy God.\"\n\nThose which we call the first and second were united by St. Augustine.\n\nThe distinction made by Josephus and the Chaldee Paraphrast, separating\nthe two prohibitions, was adopted by the following early writers: Origen\n(Hom. viii. in Exod.); Greg. Nazianzen (_Carmina, Mosis Decalogus_)\nIren\u00e6us (lib. ii. c. xlii.); Ambrose (in _Ep. ad Ephes._ c. vi.).\n\nThe Jews divide the Decalogue thus:\n\n 1. I am....\n 2. Thou shalt not have....\n 3. Thou shalt not take....\n\nBut in the field of speculation, the Jews have followed a variety of\nsystems for dissecting the Decalogue, as may be seen in Abarvanel in the\nPericope \"Jethro,\" and in Voisin's _Prooemium ad Martini Pugionem\nFidei_.\n\nThe following authors may be consulted on the arguments which have been\nadduced to support their respective divisions by the Church of Rome and\nthe Lutherans on the one side, and the Reformers or Calvinists and the\nChurch of England on the other.\n\n1. Church of Rome.--Gother's _Papist Misrepresented_; Godden's\n_Catholics No Idolaters_; _Gotti Vera Ecclesia Christi_.\n\n2. Lutherans.--_Salmuthi Theses_; _Winckelmanni Dissertatio, &c._;\n_Crameri de distinguendo decalogo, &c._; _Franzii Disputatio_; _Weimari\nDemonstratio_; _Opitii Dissertatio de usu accentuationis gemin\u00e6 in\ngenuina divisione decalogi_; _Dasdorfii Dissertatio de decalogo, ex\nfundamento accentuum examinato_; _Hackspanii Not\u00e6 Philologic\u00e6 in varia\nloca S. Scriptur\u00e6_; _Pfeifferi Opera_ (_cent._ 1.).\n\n3. Reformers.--_Sam. Bohlii vera divisio decalogi ex infallibili\nprincipio accentuationis._\n\nIn reference to this argument, which is used by both parties, I have\nbeen favoured with the following remarks by a learned professor of\nlanguages, of the Jewish faith:\n\n \"On the subject of your inquiry, the accents do not appear to me\n to offer any decision. They show which words are to be connected\n with each other to make up one proposition; but not how many\n propositions shall go to make up one commandment.\"\n\n4. The Church of England.--Ussher's _Answer to a Jesuit (Images), and\nhis Sermon preached before the Commons House of Parliament_, 1620;\nTaylor's _Ductor Dubitantium_ (where, in connexion with the Romish\ncontroversy, this subject is exhausted); Stillingfleet's _Replies to\nGother and Godden_; and _Forbesii Theologia Christiana_.\n\n T. J.\n\n\nTHE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO.\n\n(Vol. iii., pp. 321. 376.)\n\nThough your correspondent MR. SYDNEY SMIRKE has brought to our notice\nthe existence of the republic of San Marino, and informed us of many\nfacts in connexion therewith, and though F. C. B. has enlightened us on\nseveral points of interest in the history of this state, still I do not\nfind in either of these communications the following particulars of its\nfoundation, which are in Addison's _Remarks on Italy_, pp. 62, 63. (ed.\nTalboys, 1830), and which may interest some of your readers.\n\n \"San Marino was its founder, a Dalmatian by birth and by trade a\n mason. He was employed above thirteen hundred years ago in the\n reparation of Rimini, and after he had finished his work, retired\n to this solitary mountain as finding it very proper for the life\n of a hermit, which he led in the greatest rigours and austerities\n of religion. He had not been long here before he wrought a reputed\n miracle, which, joined with his extraordinary sanctity, gained him\n so great an esteem that the princess of the country made him a\n present of the mountain, to dispose of at his own discretion. His\n reputation quickly peopled it, and gave rise to the republic which\n calls itself after his name.... The best of their churches is\n dedicated to the saint, and holds his ashes. His statue stands\n over the high altar, with the figure of a mountain in its hands\n crowned with three castles, which is likewise the arms of the\n commonwealth. They attribute to his protection the long duration\n of their state, and look on him as the greatest saint next the\n blessed Virgin. I saw in their statute book a law against such as\n speak disrespectfully of him, who are to be punished in the same\n manner as those who are convicted of blasphemy.\"\n\n WALTER MONTAGU.\n\n\nSHAKSPEARE'S USE OF \"EISELL.\"\n\n(Vol. ii., pp. 241. 286. 329., &c.; Vol. iii., pp. 66. 119. 210., &c.)\n\nAfter so much has \"been said on both sides,\" in the pages of \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES,\" on the signification of _eisill_ or _esil_ in _Hamlet_, it\nappears to me that the evidence requires to be carefully summed up. This\ntask I would willingly leave to other hands; but since no correspondent\nattempts it, I will venture, if I may be allowed, to take it on myself,\nand will strive to perform it to the best of my ability.\n\nThe question is, whether by the word under discussion we are to\nunderstand _vinegar_ (or some such liquid) or _a river_. It will be\nproper, in taking a view of the matter, to \"begin from the beginning,\"\nand to see, in the first place, what the earlier commentators have said.\n\n1. What the critics before Theobald thought of the word, is not quite\ncertain; but Theobald states that it had, \"through all the editions,\nbeen distinguished by Italic characters, as if it were the proper name\nof a river; and so,\" he adds, \"I dare say all the editors have from time\nto time understood it to be.\" But not being able to satisfy himself what\nriver could be meant, he preferred to understand it of vinegar, and\ninterprets the passage, \"Wilt thou swallow down large draughts of\nvinegar?\"\n\n2. Sir Thomas Hanmer, on the contrary, was so convinced that a river was\nsignified, that he actually altered the passage, _arbitrio suo_, to\n\n \"Wilt drink up _Nile_? or eat a crocodile?\"\n\n3. Johnson was silent, and left the explanation of the word to Steevens,\nwho, observing that Hamlet meant to rant (as he says he will), supposed\nhim to defy Laertes \"to drink up a river, or try his teeth on an animal\nwhose scales are supposed to be impenetrable.\" The word, he thinks, may\nbe irrecoverably corrupted, but he finds plenty of rivers in Denmark of\na somewhat similar sound, any one of which should \"serve Hamlet's turn.\"\n\n4. Malone, in his first edition, deeming that Hamlet was not speaking of\n\"impossibilities,\" but merely of \"difficult or painful exertions,\"\ndecided on adhering to Theobald and his vinegar. But in his second\nedition he repented, and expressed his conviction that \"Mr. Steevens's\ninterpretation is the true one,\" remarking that \"this kind of hyperbole\nis common among our ancient poets.\"\n\n5. Steevens, before he published his second edition, read the\nobservations in favour of _vinegar_ given in Malone's first edition but,\nthough he allowed them to be \"acute,\" was not moved by anything advanced\nin them to depart from his opinion that a river was intended.\n\n6. Boswell followed Malone's second thoughts.\n\n7. Mr. Singer, in his edition printed in 1826, had so little notion that\n_vinegar_ could be signified, that he does not even advert to a single\nargument in behalf of that opinion, attending only to the consideration\n\"what river, lake, or firth, Shakspeare meant.\"\n\n8. Mr. Collier makes no decision, observing only that _eyesel_ is\ncertainly the old word for _vinegar_, but that there is considerable\ndoubt whether that be meant here and that \"some of the commentators\nsuppose Hamlet to challenge Laertes to drink up the river Yssell or\nEisell.\"\n\n9. Mr. Knight favoured the river, remarking that \"there is little doubt\nthat Shakspeare referred to the river Yssell, Issell, or Izel, the most\nnorthern branch of the Rhine, and that which is nearest to Denmark.\"\n\nThus we have, on the side of _vinegar_, Theobald, and Malone's first\nedition, on the side of the _river_, Sir T. Hanmer, Steevens, Malone's\nsecond edition, Boswell, Mr. Singer in 1826, and Mr. Knight; six against\ntwo. I say nothing of Johnson, whom, however, we may consider to have\nbeen favourable to Steevens; or of the earlier editors, who, according\nto Theobald, printed the word in Italics as a proper name.\n\nSo the matter remained; most readers, as well as critics, being, I\nbelieve, of opinion that a river was intended, until MR. SINGER, in the\n46th No. of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" revived the notion that some kind of\ndrink was signified.\n\n10. Let us now consider what testimonies are advanced by the various\ncritics on behalf of each of these opinions. That _eysell_ (the 4to.,\n1604, reads _esil_, and the folio _esile_) was used as synonymous with\none kind of drink, viz. _vinegar_, is apparent from the following\nauthorities. Malone observes that it occurs in Chaucer and Skelton, and\nalso in Sir Thomas More, _Works_, p. 21., edit. 1557\n\n ---- \"with sowre pocion\n If thou paine thy taste, remember therewithal\n That Christ for thee tasted _eisil_ and gall.\"\n\nHe also remarks that it is found in Minsheu's _Dictionary_, 1617, and in\nColes's _Latin Dictionary_, 1679.\n\nShakspeare himself, as Farmer was the first to point out, has, in his\n111th Sonnet,\n\n ---- \"like a willing patient I will drink\n Potions of _eysell_ 'gainst my strong infection;\n No bitterness that I will bitter think,\n Nor double penance to correct correction.\"\n\nFrom Chaucer, Richardson's _Dictionary_ supplies,\n\n \"She was like thing for hunger deed\n That lad her life only by breed\n Kneden with _eisel_ strong and agre,\n And thereto she was lean and megre.\"\n\n _Romaunt of the Rose._\n\nand another passage thus:\n\n \"Then these wretches full of all frowardnesse\n Gave him to drink _eisel_ temp'red with gall.\"\n\n _Lamentation of Mary Magdalen._\n\nTodd, also, in his edition of Johnson, says that the old English _aysel_\nfor _vinegar_ is used by Wicliffe.\n\n11. Next comes the consideration whether, if _vinegar_ were intended,\nthe expression _drink up_ could properly have been used in reference to\nit. On this point Theobald says nothing, except intimating that \"drink\nup\" is equivalent to \"swallow down.\" Steevens denies that if Shakspeare\nhad meant Hamlet to say, \"Wilt thou drink vinegar?\" he would have used\n\"the term _drink up_,\" which means \"_totally to exhaust_.\" Malone, in\nhis first edition, remarks on the subject as follows:\n\n \"On the phrase _drink up_ no stress can be laid, for our poet has\n employed the same expression in his 114th Sonnet, without any idea\n of entirely exhausting, and merely as synonymous to _drink_:\n\n 'Or whether doth my mind, being crowned with you,\n _Drink up_ the monarch's plague, this flattery?'\n\n \"Again, in the same Sonnet:\n\n ---- 'Tis flattery in my seeing\n And my great mind most kingly _drinks_ it _up_.'\n\n \"Again, in _Timon of Athens_:\n\n 'And how his silence _drinks up_ his applause.'\n\n \"In Shakspeare's time, as at present, to _drink up_ often meant no\n more than simply _to drink_. So in Florio's _Italian Dictionary_,\n 1598: '_Sorbire_, to sip or _sup up_ any drink.' In like manner we\n sometimes say, 'When you have _swallowed down_ this potion,'\n though we mean no more than, 'When you have _swallowed_ this\n potion.'\"\n\nIn his second edition, however, Malone abandoned his first\ninterpretation, and his remarks on _drink up_ then went for nothing.\n\nDiscussion on this point has occupied some paragraphs in \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES.\" MR. SINGER, in his first paper (Vol. ii., p. 241.), asserts\nthat \"_to drink up_ was commonly used for simply _to drink_.\" MR.\nHICKSON, too (No. 51.), affirms that \"_drink up_ is synonymous with\n_drink off_, _drink to the dregs_,\" and observes that \"a child taking\nmedicine is urged to _drink it up_.\" But H. K. S. C., or Mr. H. K. S.\nCAUSTON, as he afterwards signs himself, denies that _drink up_ can be\nused of _eysell_, or any other liquid, unless a _definite quantity_ of\nit be signified; that is, you may say to any one, if you please, in\nallusion to a _definite quantity of vinegar_, \"Drink it up;\" but if you\nallude to _vinegar in general_, without limitation of quantity, you will\nsay merely, \"Drink vinegar.\" So if you would ask your friend whether he\ndrinks wine or water, you would say, \"Do you drink wine or water?\" not\n\"Do you drink up wine or water?\" which would be to ask him whether he\ndrinks up _all_ the wine or water in the world, or at least _all the\ndefinite quantities of either_ that come within his reach. MR. SINGER\nprofesses not to understand this doctrine, and refers MR. CAUSTON to the\nnursery rhyme:\n\n \"_Eat up_ your cake, Jenny,\n _Drink up_ your wine,\"\n\n\"which,\" he says, \"may perhaps afford him further apt illustration;\" but\nwhich supplies, MR. CAUSTON rejoins, only another example that _drink\nup_ is applied to definite quantity; a quantity which, in this case, is\n\"neither more nor less than the identical glass of wine which Jenny had\nstanding before her.\" The line in Shakspeare's 114th Sonnet is, MR.\nCAUSTON adds, \"a parallel passage.\" To _drink up_, therefore, he\nconcludes, must be used of \"a noun implying _absolute entirety_, which\nmight be a river, but could not be grammatically applied to any\nunexpressed quantity.\" In these remarks there seems to be great justness\nof reasoning. MR. CAUSTON might also have instanced the lines:\n\n \"Freely welcome to my cup,\n Couldst thou sip, and sip it up:\"\n\nthat is, \"couldst thou _go on sipping_ till thou hast _sipped up_, or\n_entirely exhausted, the whole definite quantity_ in the cup.\"\n\n12. But MR. SINGER in 1850, differing so much from Mr. Singer in 1826\n(who thought that a river was signified), supposes that though a sort of\ndrink is intended, it is not _vinegar_, but _wormwood-wine_. To this\npurpose he cites the lines of Shakspeare's 111th Sonnet, which we have\nalready transcribed:\n\n \"Whilst like a willing patient I will drink\n Potions of _eysell_ 'gainst my strong infection;\n No _bitterness_ that I will bitter think\n Nor double penance to correct correction.\"\n\n\"Here we see,\" he observes, \"that it was a _bitter potion_ which it was\na penance to drink.\" This does not seem to be clearly apparent from the\npassage for it is not absolutely certain that the _bitterness_ in the\nthird line refers to the _eysell_ in the second. But he adds another\nquotation from the _Troy Boke_ of Lydgate:\n\n \"Of _bitter eysell_, and of eager wine.\"\n\nAfter which he subjoins:\n\n \"Numerous passages in our old dramatic writers show that it was a\n fashion with the gallants of the time to do some extravagant feat,\n _as a proof of their love_, in honour of their mistresses; and\n among others, the swallowing some nauseous potion was one of the\n most frequent: but vinegar would hardly have been considered in\n this light; _wormwood_ might. In Thomas's _Italian Dictionary_,\n 1562, we have 'Assentio, _Eysell_;' and Florio renders that word\n [Assentio] by _Wormwood_. What is meant, however is _absinthites_,\n or _wormwood wine_, a nauseously bitter medicament then much in\n use; and this being evidently the _bitter potion_ of _eysell_ in\n the poet's sonnet, was certainly the nauseous draught proposed to\n be taken by Hamlet, among the other extravagant feats as tokens of\n love.\"\n\nThe reader will judge with what justice the words \"evidently\" and\n\"certainly\" are used. MR. SINGER then cites Junius, but to little\npurpose; Hutton's _Dictionary_, to prove that _absinthites_ meant\n\"wormwood-wine;\" and Stuckius's _Antiquitates Convivales_ to show that\nabsinthites was a _propoma_; but Stuckius, be it observed, mentions this\n_propoma_ only as a stomachic, _quod vim habet stomachum corroborandi et\nextenuandi_.\n\nIt is not surprising, therefore, that LORD BRAYBROOKE (Vol. ii., p.\n286.) should quote against MR. SINGER'S theory the following paragraph:\n\n \"If, as MR. SINGER supposes, '_Eisell_ was absinthites, or\n wormwood-wine, a nauseously bitter medicament then much in use,'\n Pepys's friends must have had a very singular taste, for he\n records on the 24th of November, 1660:\n\n 'Creed, and Shepley, and I, to the Rhenish wine-house, and there I\n did give them two quarts of wormwood wine.'\n\n \"Perhaps the beverage was doctored for the English market, and\n rendered more palatable than it had been in the days of Stuckius.\"\n\nTwo other correspondents of the \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" also, C. H. (Vol.\niii., p. 508.) and GOMER (_ibid._), assert that _eysell_, if it means\nany potion at all, must mean vinegar; C. H. referring to a MS. at\nCambridge (Dd. i. fol. 7.), date about 1350, in which occurs,--\n\n \"\u00dee iewis herde \u00feis word wet alle\n And anon _eysel_ \u00feei mengid wi\u00fe galle:\"\n\nand GOMER relying on the support of the Welsh word _Aesell_, which\nimplies verjuice or vinegar. D. ROCK, too, adduces the 'Festival' in the\nsermon for St. Michael's day:\n\n \"And other angellis with h[=i] (St. Michael) shall bring all the\n Instrum[=e]tis of our lordis passyon; the crosse; the crowne;\n spere; nayles; hamer; sponge; _eyseel_; gall, &c.\"\n\nThere is therefore, it appears, ample testimony to show that _eysell_\nwas used for _vinegar_; but to prove that it meant _wormwood-wine_, MR.\nSINGER'S instances seem insufficient.\n\n13. Before we proceed further, let us, supposing that no bitter or sour\npotion, but a river, is meant, advert to the consideration what river\nmay be intended? Theobald observed that there was no river of that name\nin Denmark, nor any resembling it in name but \"_Yssel_, from which the\nprovince of Overyssel derives its name in the German Flanders.\"\nSteevens, however, is well content to take this _Yssel_ as that which\nHamlet had in his thoughts. \"But,\" he adds, \"in an old Latin account of\nDenmark, and the neighbouring provinces, I find the names of several\nrivers little differing from _Esil_ or _Eisill_ in spelling or\npronunciation. Such are the Essa, the Oesil, and some others.... The\npoet,\" he further remarks, \"might have written the Weisel; a\nconsiderable river, which falls into the Baltic Ocean, and could not be\nunknown to any prince in Denmark.\" MR. SINGER of 1826 suggests that the\n_Issel_ is perhaps meant, but that the firth of _Iyze_ is nearest to the\nscene of action. MR. KNIGHT has little doubt that the Yssell, Issell, or\nIzel, the most northern branch of the Rhine, and that which is nearest\nto Denmark, is signified.\n\nMR. HICKSON, indeed, who favours MR. SINGER'S wormwood-wine, says (Vol.\niii., p. 119.), that the word cannot mean a river, because the definite\narticle is omitted before it. But this is an assertion of very little\nweight. H. K. S. C. (Vol. iii., p. 68.) very justly observes, that we\nmay as correctly say,--\"Woul't drink up Thames?\" without the article, as\n\"Woul't drink up Eisell?\" without the article. Let MR. HICKSON call to\nmind Milton's lines on English rivers:\n\n \"And sullen Mole, that runneth underneath\n And Severn swift, guilty of maiden's death,\"\n\nending with--\n\n \"And Medway smooth, and royal-tower'd Thame,\"\n\nand ask himself whether the names of rivers are not with perfect\npropriety used without the article. Pope has--\n\n \"And sails far off, among the swans of Thames.\"\n\nAnd is not Sir Thomas Hammer quite correct in expression, when he alters\nthe hemistich into \"Wilt drink up _Nile_?\" But to multiply examples on\nsuch a point would be idle.\n\n14. It is now to be considered whether, supposing that the word might\nmean _a potion_ (whether of _vinegar_ or _wormwood_) or _a river_, the\npotion or the river is the more applicable to the passage in which it\noccurs. It cannot be denied that the whole passage is full of rant and\nextravagance. Laertes begins to rant, and Hamlet answers him in a\nsimilar strain:\n\n \"Now pile your dust (says Laertes) upon quick and dead,\n Till of this flat a mountain you have made,\n T' o'ertop old Pelion, or the skyish head\n Of blue Olympus.\"\n\nThis is surely extravagant enough. Hamlet retorts, in correspondent\ntone,--\n\n \"What is he whose grief\n _Bears such an emphasis_? whose phrase of sorrow\n _Conjures the wand'ring stars, and makes them stand\n Like wonder-wounded hearers_?\"\n\nThen comes the struggles in which they are parted by the attendants\nafter which Hamlet cries out with like \"emphasis:\"\n\n \"Why I will fight with him upon this theme\n _Until my eye-lids can no longer wag_.\n\n ...\n\n I lov'd Ophelia; _forty thousand brothers_\n Could not, with all their quantity of love,\n Make up my sum--what wilt thou do for her?\"\n\nOn which the king exclaims, with much reason,\n\n \"O, he is mad, Laertes.\"\n\nHamlet continues, as if to make his madness indisputable:\n\n \"Zounds! show me what thoul't do:\n Woul't weep? woul't fight? woul't fast? woul't tear thyself?\n Woul't drink up _Esil_? eat a crocodile?\n I'll do't. Dost thou come here to whine?\n To outface me with leaping in her grave?\n Be buried quick with her, and so will I:\n And, if thou prate of mountains, let them throw\n _Millions of acres on us_; till our ground,\n _Singeing his pate against the burning zone,\n Make Ossa like a wart! Nay, an thoul't mouth,\n I'll rant as well as thou_.\"\n\nThe queen justly observes:\n\n \"This is _mere madness_.\"\n\nHamlet goes off, but maintains his extravagance of language to the last:\n\n \"Let Hercules himself do what he may,\n The cat will mew, and dog will have his day.\"\n\nIf, then, a literary jury be required to decide this question, the point\non which they have to give a verdict is, whether _to drink vinegar_ (or\nwormwood-wine) or _to drink up a river_ is more in consonance with the\ntenor of Hamlet's speech. Theobald indeed says, that \"Hamlet is not\nproposing any _impossibilities_ to Laertes, such as drinking up a river\nwould be, but rather seems to mean, Wilt thou resolve to do _things the\nmost shocking and distasteful to human nature_?\" But on what ground does\nthis assertion rest? Laertes himself commences with what we may surely\ncall an impossibility:\n\n \"Till of this flat,\" &c.\n\nAnd Hamlet speaks of more impossibilities, when he talks of throwing up\n\"millions of acres,\" to \"make Ossa like a wart.\" The drinking up a\nriver is certainly more in unison with these extravagant proposals than\na defiance \"to swallow down (as Theobald has it) large draughts of\nvinegar;\" or, as Malone gives it, \"to drink a potion of vinegar.\" Such a\nproposition, Theobald admits, \"is not very grand;\" \"a challenge to\nhazard a fit of the heartburn or the colic, is,\" says Steevens, \"not\nvery magnificent.\" But it is not only far from \"grand\" and\n\"magnificent,\" but, what is worse, it is utterly tame and spiritless, in\na place where anything but tameness is wanted, and where it is, quite\nout of keeping with the rest of the speech. MR. HICKSON, it is true,\nsays (Vol. ii, p. 329.), that \"the notion of drinking up a river would\nbe quite unmeaning and out of place;\" but this assertion is as\ngroundless as Theobald's, and is somewhat surprising from a gentleman\nwho exhorts those who would be critics \"to master the grammatical\nconstruction of a passage, deducing therefrom its general sense,\" and,\nwe may presume, its _general drift_, \"before they attempt to fix the\nmeaning of a doubtful word.\" Had MR. HICKSON looked to the _general\ndrift_ of this passage, before he attempted to fix the meaning of\n_eisell_, or to concur with MR. SINGER of 1850 in his attempt to fix it,\nhe would, we may suppose, have been less ready to pronounce the notion\nof drinking up a river _out of place_. It would have been better for him\nto have adhered to the judgment of Archdeacon Nares, as cited by MR.\nSINGER (Vol. ii., p. 241.):--\"The challenge to drink _vinegar_, in such\na rant,\" says the Archdeacon, \"is so inconsistent, and even ridiculous,\nthat we must decide for the _river_, whether its name be exactly found\nor not. To drink up a river, and eat a crocodile with his impenetrable\nscales, are two things equally impossible. There is no kind of\ncomparison between the others.\"\n\n15. Though examples of similar rant are quite unnecessary to support\nthis opinion, let us nevertheless conclude by noticing those which the\ncritics have adduced on this passage:\n\n \"This sort of hyperbole,\" says Malone, in his second edition, \"was\n common among our ancient poets. So, in Eastward Hoe, 1609:\n\n 'Come drink up Rhine, Thames, and Meander, dry.'.\n\n \"So also in Greene's _Orlando Furioso_, 1599:\n\n 'Else would I set my mouth to Tigris' streames,\n And drink up overflowing Euphrates.'\n\n \"Again, in Marlowe's _Jew of Malta_:\n\n 'As sooner shalt thou drink the ocean dry,\n Than conquer Malta.'\"\n\nTo which Boswell adds:\n\n \"Our author has a similar exaggeration in _Troilus and Cressida_,\n Act III. Scene 2.:\n\n 'When we (_i. e._ lovers) vow to weep seas, live in fire, eat\n rocks, tame tigers,' &c.\n\n \"In Chaucer's _Romaunt of the Rose_, we find the following lines:\n\n 'He underfongeth a grete paine,\n That undertaketh to drink up Seine.'\"\n\nSteevens notices _King Richard II._, Act II Scene 2.:\n\n \"The task he undertakes,\n Is numb'ring sands, and _drinking oceans dry_.\"\n\nBut enough. The majority of readers, like the majority of critics, will\nsurely be for the river, in the proportion of at least six to two.\n_Verbum non amplius addam._\n\n J. S. W.\n\n Stockwell.\n\n_Eisell--Wormwood--Scurvy Ale._--Such of your readers who have not yet\nmade up their minds whether \"eisell\" and \"wormwood\" are identical, will\nnot object to be reminded that Taylor, the Water Poet, in his _Pennyless\nPilgrimage_, describing his hospitable reception at Manchester, when\nspeaking of the liquid cheer supplied to him, says:--\n\n \"... Eight several sorts of ale we had\n All able to make one stark drunk, or mad.\n\n ...\n\n We had at one time set upon the table\n Good ale of hyssop ('twas no \u00c6sop fable);\n Then had we ale of sage, and ale of malt\n And ale of _wormwood_ that could make one halt\n With ale of rosemary, and of bettony,\n And two ales more, or else I needs must lie.\n But to conclude this drinking aley tale\n We had a sort of ale called scurvy ale.\"\n\nIt would seem that in most of these drinks, the chief object was to\nimpart an exciting but not disagreeable bitterness to the beverage,\ngroping as it were, by instinct, after that enduring and gratifying\nbitter now universally derived from the hop. Wormwood, hyssop, rosemary,\nsage, bettony, each furnished its peculiar temptation to the Manchester\ndrinkers, who some two centuries ago wanted an \"excuse for the glass.\"\nCan any of your correspondents state what were the components of the\n_scurvy ale_ spoken of by Taylor? This was, perhaps, a really medicated\ndrink.\n\nIt may not be generally known, that even at this day, In some of the gin\nshops and taverns of London, gin, in which the herb rue is infused, is a\nconstant article of sale; and many, who assume a most respectable\nblueness of physiognomy at the bare mention of \"old Tom\" in his\nundisguised state, scruple not to indulge in copious libations of the\nsame popular spirit, provided it be poured from a bottle in which a few\nsprigs of rue are floating. But what was _scurvy ale_?\n\n HENRY CAMPKIN.\n\n\nROYAL LIBRARY.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 427.)\n\nIn the following passage (extracted from the _Quarterly Review_, No.\nCLXXV., Dec. 1850, p. 143.) it is declared that the nation _did_ \"pay\"\nfor this \"munificent present.\" The writer is understood to be Mr. R.\nFord; and if his statement is not refuted, the business will henceforth\ntake its place as a sale which the nation was duped into regarding as a\ngift:--\n\n \"The secret history,\" says the reviewer, \"was this: King George\n IV., having some pressing call for money, did not decline a\n proposition for selling the library to the Emperor of Russia. Mr.\n _Heber_, having ascertained that the books were actually booked\n for the Baltic, went to Lord _Sidmouth_, then Home Secretary, and\n stated the case; observing what a shame it would be that such a\n collection should go out of the country: to which Lord Sidmouth\n replied: 'Mr. Heber, it shall not!'--and it did not. On the\n remonstrance of Lord Sidmouth, of whose manly and straightforward\n character George IV. was very properly in awe, the last of the\n _grands monarques presented_ the books to the British Museum, _on\n the condition_ that the value of the rubles they were to have\n fetched should be somehow or other made good to him by ministers\n in pounds sterling. This was done out of the surplus of certain\n funds furnished by France for the compensation of losses by the\n Revolution. But his ministers, on a hint from the House of Commons\n that it was necessary to refund those monies, had recourse, we are\n told, to the droits of the Admiralty.\"\n\nSo that the books were not given, but paid for, out of public monies:\nwhich ministers could not have made the object of a bargain, had they\nbeen the king's, and not the nation's. And the inscription in the\nMuseum--like many others--\"lifts its head and lies,\" _i. e._ unless the\n_Quarterly Review_ has been inventing a story, instead of telling a true\nbit of secret history, decidedly worth noting if true.\n\n V.\n\n [We believe the Quarterly Reviewer has been misinformed as to the\n facts connected with the transfer of the Royal Library to the\n British Museum. We have reason to know that George IV., being\n unwilling to continue the expense of maintaining the Library,\n which he claimed to treat, not as a heirloom of the crown, but as\n his own private inheritance, entertained a proposal for its\n purchase from the Russian Government. This having come to the\n knowledge of Lord Liverpool (through Dibdin, from Lady Spencer, to\n whom it had been mentioned by the Princess Lieven), the projected\n sale was, on the remonstrance of the Minister, abandoned, and the\n Library presented to the nation. The King thus got rid of the\n annual expenses; and although we do not believe that any bargain\n was made upon the subject, it is not unlikely that the Ministry\n felt that this surrender of the Library to the country gave the\n King some claim to assistance towards the liquidation of his\n debts, and that such assistance was accordingly furnished. Even if\n this were so, though the result might be the same, the transaction\n is a very different one from the direct bargain and sale described\n in the _Quarterly Review_.]\n\nIn justice to Kind George IV., the letter which he addressed to the late\nEarl of Liverpool, on _presenting_ the books to his own subjects, should\nbe printed in your columns. I saw the autograph letter soon after it was\nwritten, and a copy of it would be very easily met with.\n\nWould it not have been both desirable and very advantageous, to have\nconverted the banqueting room at Whitehall into a receptacle for this\nmagnificent collection, which would doubtless have been augmented from\ntime to time?\n\nInstead of concentrating such vast literary treasures at the Museum,\nmight it not have been expedient to diffuse them partially over this\nimmense metropolis?\n\nTo Peers and M. P.'s, especially, a fine library at Whitehall would be a\ngreat boon. The present chapel was never consecrated, and its beautiful\nceiling is little suited to a house of prayer.\n\n J. H. M.\n\n\nTHE CAXTON MEMORIAL.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 33.)\n\nFor the information of your correspondent MR. BOLTON CORNEY, I beg to\ninform him that there was an intermediate meeting of the subscribers to\nthe Caxton Memorial at the house of the Society of Arts between the\nfirst meeting to which he alludes, and the last, held at the same place\nthe other day. Over that meeting I had the honour of presiding, and it\nwas determined to persevere in the object of erecting a statue in\nWestminster to the memory of the first English printer; but the report\nof the last meeting shows that the funds have not been so largely\ncontributed as might have been expected, and are now far short of the\nsum, 500_l._, required for the erection of an iron statue of the\nillustrious typographer. True it is that no authentic portrait of Caxton\nis known, but the truthful picture by Maclise might very well supply the\ndeficiency; and I see the engraving to be made from that painting rather\nostentatiously advertised as \"the Caxton Memorial.\" The original design\nof the Dean of St. Paul's, for \"a fountain by day, and a light by\nnight,\" was abandoned as more poetical than practical; my chief\napprehension being either that the gas would spoil the water, or that\nthe water would put out the light. The statue was therefore resolved\nupon as less costly and more appropriate than the fountain.\n\nThe statue of Gutenberg at Mentz is a good example of what might be\nerected in Westminster; yet I very much doubt whether any likeness of\nthe great printer has been preserved. The expense necessarily attendant\nupon MR. CORNEY'S Literary Memorial appears to me to be fatal to its\nsuccess; for, however dear to the bibliographer, I fear but little\npublic interest is now felt in the writings of Caxton. The\n_Typographical Antiquities_ contain copious extracts from his works; and\nthe biographies of Lewis and Knight appear to have satisfied public\ncuriosity as to his life. Besides, a memorial of this nature would be\nhidden in a bookcase, not seen in a highway. I may add that the present\nstate of the Caxton Memorial is this: the venerable Dean of St. Paul's\nis anxious to be relieved from the charge of the funds already\nsubscribed, and to place them in the hands of the Society of Arts, if\nthat body will receive them, and undertake to promote the object of the\noriginal subscribers by all the means at its command.\n\n BERIAH BOTFIELD.\n\n\nMEANING OF \"NERVOUS\".\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 7.)\n\nMedically, the word _nervous_ has the following meanings:--\n\n1. Of or belonging to the anatomical substance called nerve, _e. g._ the\n\"nervous system,\" \"nervous sheaths,\" \"nervous particles,\" &c.\n\n2. A predomination of the nervous system, when it is unusually active or\nhighly developed, which is what we mean in speaking of a \"nervous\ntemperament,\" \"a nervous person,\" &c.\n\n3. Certain functional disorders of the nervous system are so termed, and\nin this sense we speak of \"nervous people,\" \"nervous complaints,\" and so\nforth.\n\n4. Nervous is also used, more poetically than correctly, to signify\n_muscular_, and as synonymous with brawny, sinewy, &c., thus conveying\nan idea of strength and vigour. But _nerve_ is not _muscle_, therefore\nthis inaccurate use of the word, though sanctioned by some good old\nwriters, must cease.\n\n5. Nervous, in speaking of a part of the body, signifies a part in which\nthere are many nerves, or much nervous matter, or which is endowed with\nextra sensibility.\n\nThese are the various ideas commonly attached to the word _nervous_.\nThey are too many for the word to be a closely accurate one, but we must\ntake them, not make them. We can, however, avoid the future inaccurate\nuse of the term alluded to in explanation 4., and all the metaphorical\nderivations thereof, such as a \"nervous style of writing,\" &c., and\nadhere to those two significations which are physiologically and\npathologically correct, and which are obviously derivable from the\nseveral meanings and explanations above enumerated, viz.--\n\n1. Of or belonging to the natural structure or functions of nerve; and\n\n2. The quality of functional disorder or weakness of the nervous system\nin certain respects.\n\n WILLIAM E. C. NOURSE.\n\nEvery one knows that instances of _catachresis_ occur in all languages;\nbut I think this case may be more satisfactorily explained by\nconsidering that the _nerves_ consist of two very distinct and\nindependent classes of organs--nerves of sensation, which conduct\nimpressions to the sensorium; and nerves of volition, which convey the\nmental impulse to the muscles. From this it necessarily follows that\nwhen the former class are _over-active_ (and _redundancy_ is decidedly\nthe adjectival idea in the word _nervous_), a morbid excitability of\ntemper, with a perturbable anxious state of mind are produced (making\nthe \"bad\" sense of the word); while from a similar state of the nerves\nof volition results a powerful and vigorous system of muscular action\nand mental energy (making the \"good\" sense of the word).\n\n EDWIN J. JONES.\n\n\nTHE DUKE OF MONMOUTH'S POCKET-BOOKS.\n\n(Vol. i., p. 198.; Vol. iv., p. 1.)\n\nI am anxious to acknowledge that SIR F. MADDEN has established, beyond\nall doubt, the facts that _several_ manuscript books were found on the\nDuke of Monmouth when he was captured, and that the volume rescued from\noblivion by Dr. Anster, and now placed in the British Museum, is one of\nthese, and also in Monmouth's handwriting. I take this opportunity of\nsaying, that I, unfortunately, have not seen Dr. Anster's reply to my\ncommunication; and it is to be regretted that it was not copied from the\n_Dublin University Magazine_ into \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" so that we (the\nreaders of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\") might have had the whole subject before\nus. This is a course which I think our kind Editor may usefully adopt on\nsimilar occasions.\n\nReferring unsuccessfully to Lowndes' _Manual_ for an answer to SIR F.\nMADDEN'S question as to the date of the first edition of Welwood's\n_Memoirs_, I was pleased, however, to find that my edition (the sixth,\npublished in 1718) possesses a value which does not attach to previous\neditions, inasmuch as it contains \"A short introduction, giving an\naccount how these memoirs came at first to be writ.\" From this it\nappears that there are spurious editions of the work, for Welwood\nwrites:\n\n \"I have given my bookseller leave to make a sixth impression of\n the following memoirs; and the [rather] that some time ago one\n Baker printed more than one edition of them without my knowledge,\n very incorrect, and on bad paper.\"\n\nWe may fairly assume, that the first edition was published at the\nbeginning of 1699, for [the] \"epistle dedicatory\" to King William is\ndated February of that year. If this be so, it must be taken as a proof\nof extraordinary popularity that the work should have reached a third\nedition as early as 1700, as stated by SIR F. MADDEN. The \"account how\nthese memoirs came at first to be writ\" possesses some interest. It\nappears that Queen Mary used to hold frequent converse with the Doctor\non the subject of her great-grandfather's and grandfather's history,\nand--\n\n \"At last she fell to regret the insuperable difficulties she lay\n under (for I well remember that was her mind) of knowing truly the\n history of her grandfather's reign; saying that most of the\n accounts she had read of it were either panegyrick or satire, not\n history. Then with an inimitable grace she told me, 'If I would in\n a few sheets give her a short sketch of the affairs of that reign,\n and of the causes that produced such dreadful effects, she would\n take it well of me.' Such commands were too sacred not to be\n obeyed; and when I was retiring from her presence, she stopt me to\n tell me she expected I would do what she had desired of me in such\n a manner, and with that freedom, as if I designed it for the\n information of a friend, and not one of the blood of King Charles\n I., promising to show it to none living without my consent.\"\n\nWelwood further states, that after Mary's death, King William--\n\n \"Sent me, by the late Earl of Portland, the manuscript I had given\n his Queen, found in her cabinet; where, upon the back of it, she\n had writ with her own hand the promise she had made me of showing\n it to nobody without my consent.\"\n\nIn addition to the extract from Monmouth's _Diary_ given in my former\ncommunication, Welwood publishes a letter of the Duke's to the brave and\ntrue Argyle, which is perhaps more creditable to Monmouth than any other\nmemorial he has left. The letter, as Welwood suggests, appears to have\nbeen written shortly after the death of Charles II. I copy it; but if\nyou think this paper too long, omit it:--\n\n \"I received both yours together this morning, and cannot delay you\n my answer longer than this post though I am afraid it will not\n please you so much as I heartily wish it may. I have weighed all\n your reasons, and everything that you and my other friends have\n writ me upon that subject; and have done it with the greatest\n inclination to follow your advice, and without prejudice. You may\n well believe I have had time enough to reflect sufficiently upon\n our present state, especially since I came hither. But whatever\n way I turn my thoughts, I find insuperable difficulties. Pray do\n not think it an effect of melancholy, for that was never my\n greatest fault, when I tell you that in these three weeks'\n retirement in this place I have not only looked back, but forward;\n and the more I consider our present circumstances, I think them\n still the more desperate, unless some unforeseen accident fall out\n which I cannot divine nor hope for. [Here follow sixteen lines all\n in cyphers.] Judge then what we are to expect, in case we should\n venture upon any such attempt at this time. It's to me a vain\n argument that our enemies are scarce yet well settled, when you\n consider that fear in some, and ambition in others, have brought\n them to comply; and that the Parliament, being made up, for the\n most part, of members that formerly run our enemy down, they will\n be ready to make their peace as soon as they can, rather than\n hazard themselves upon an uncertain bottom. I give you but hints\n of what, if I had time, I would write you at more length. But that\n I may not seem obstinate in my own judgment, or neglect the advice\n of my friends, I will meet you at the time and place appointed.\n But for God sake think in the mean time of the improbabilities\n that lie naturally in our way, and let us not by struggling with\n our chains make them straighter and heavier. For my part, I'll run\n the hazard of being thought anything rather than a rash\n inconsiderate man. And to tell you my thoughts without disguise, I\n am now so much in love with a retired life, that I am never like\n to be fond of making a bustle in the world again. I have much more\n to say, but the post cannot stay; and I refer the rest till\n meeting, being entirely\n\n \"Yours.\"\n\nMonmouth's ill-concerted and ill-conducted expedition following, at no\ndistant period, the prudent resolutions expressed in the above letter\nplaces the instability of his character in a strong light.\n\n C. ROSS.\n\n\nReplies To Minor Queries.\n\n_Pope's \"honest Factor\"_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).-The\n\n \"Honest factor who stole a gem away,\"\n\nto whom Pope alludes, was Thomas Pitt, Esq., (ancestor of the Earl of\nChatham), who was by Queen Anne appointed Governor of Fort St. George in\nthe East Indies, and purchased there for the sum of 20,400_l._, or\n48,000 pagodas, a diamond weighing 127 carats, which he sold to the King\nof France about 1717, and is now known as the Pitt diamond. I suppose it\nis at present in the possession of the Republic of France.\n\n DE H.\n\n Temple, July 5. 1851.\n\n_Banks Family_ (Vol. iii., pp. 390. 458. 507. 524.).--I am obliged by\nyour inserting my note on this subject. I can inform L. H. that the\npresent owner of the lead mines in Keswick _is related_, though\ndistantly, to John Banks the philosopher, who was born at Grange in\nBorrowdale. Can any of your correspondents give any reason why the crest\nof this branch of the family should be exactly similar in every respect\nto that of the Earl of Lonsdale?\n\n BAY.\n\n_Dies Ir\u00e6, Dies Illa_ (Vol. ii p. 72. Vol. iii., p. 468.).--Although\nsome time has elapsed since the Query on this hymn appeared, yet as no\nvery definite reply has been given, I send the following.\n\nThis hymn is one of the four \"proses\" or verses without measure, made\nuse of in the services of the Roman Catholic Church. The invention of\nthese proses is attributed to Nolker, a monk of the Convent of St. Gall,\nwho wrote about the year 880; and who says in his work that he had seen\nthem in a book belonging to the Convent of St. Jumi\u00e8ges, which was\ndestroyed by the Normans in 841. Of the many proses which were composed,\nthe Roman Catholic Church has retained but four, of which the above is\none. Who the author really was, is very uncertain; the majority of\nwriters on the subject appear to concur in the opinion that Cardinal\nFrangipani, a Dominican, otherwise called Malabrancia, a Doctor of\nParis, and who died at P\u00e9rouse in 1294, was the composer but it has also\nbeen assigned to St. Gregory and St. Bernard. Bzovius, an. 1294, states\nthe author to have been either Cardinal Orsino or Cardinal Frangipani,\nand other writers maintain it to have been the production of Agostino\nBiella, who died 1491; or of Humbertus, General of the Dominicans. The\noriginal consists of fifty-six lines, and may be found in almost every\nbook of Catholic devotion.\n\n R.R.M.\n\nIn No. 84, for June 9th, the Roman Catholic hymn \"Dies Ir\u00e6\" is referred\nto, and works cited as to its author. To these may be added the 39th No.\nof the _Dublin Review_, where it will be found that Latino Frangipani,\nnephew of Pope Nicholas III., and known under the name of the Cardinal\nMalabrancia, was more generally considered the writer. The account there\ngiven of it is not uninteresting, and is preceded by a cursory\nadvertence to the other hymns of the Middle Ages, including a Greek\nversion of some of the stanzas of Thomas Aquinas, the \"Angelic\nDoctor's,\" impressive \"Lauda Sion.\"\n\n J.R.\n\n_Equestrian Statues_ (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--I should inform Fm. that\nthere is an equestrian statue of the Earl of Hopetown in front of the\nRoyal Bank, St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh. The earl, however, is not\nmounted; he stands beside the horse.\n\n S. WMSON.\n\n_Monumental Symbolism_ (Vol. iii, p. 449.).--I have seen no answer to\nReader's inquiry. I have always understood that the kneeling figures\nwere the children who died in the lifetime of their parents (sometimes\nthey are even represented in the swaddling-bands of Chrysom children),\nwhile those represented standing survived them. This of course is only\nwhen some are represented kneeling and others standing, as in some\ninstances _all_ are kneeling. I believe my supposition is grounded on\nsome better authority than my own fancy, but I cannot refer to any at\npresent.\n\n H.N.E.\n\n Bilton, July 3. 1851.\n\n_Organs in Churches_ (Vol. iii., p. 518.).--R. W. B. will find some\ninformation on the subject of _organs_ in Staveley's _History of\nChurches in England_, pp. 203. 207., a work replete with much\ninteresting matter connected with churches.\n\n E. C. HARINGTON.\n\n Exeter, July 1. 1851.\n\n_Tennyson: \"The Princess\"_ (Vol. iii., p. 493.).--Does not the passage--\n\n \"Dare we dream of that, I asked,\n Which wrought us, as the workman and his work\n That practice betters\"--\n\nsimply mean, \"Dare we dream of\" the God who made us as of a finite\ncreature, who requires \"practice\" ere His work can be perfect, and whose\nskill shall be progressive? In short, \"dare we\" think of Him as such an\none as ourselves?\n\n SELEUCUS.\n\nInformation on this subject will be found in Hawkins's _History of\nMusic_, vol. i. p. 398. _et seq._; Burney's _History of Music_, vol. ii.\np. 131. Busby's _Dictionary of Music_; John Gregory's _Works_\n(\"Discourse declaring what Time the Nicene Creed began to be Sung in the\nChurch\"), and in Staveley's _History of Churches in England_.\n\n T. J.\n\n\"_Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love_\" (Vol. iv., p. 24.).--\n\n \"AN EXPOSTULATION.\n\n \"When late I attempted your pity to move,\n Why seem'd you so deaf to my prayers?\n Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love,\n But--Why did you kick me down stairs?\"\n\n From _An Asylum for Fugitive Pieces, in Prose and Verse, not in\n any other Collection_, vol. i. p. 15. London: Debrett, 1785.\n\nThe above has been inquired for: of the author I know nothing.\n\n S. H.\n\n St. Johns Wood.\n\n_Sardonic Smiles_ (Vol. iv., p. 18.).--It is very difficult to strike\nout the verse in Homer's Odyssey ([Greek: Y], 302.). To suppose that in\nhim the word is derived from Sardinia, is exceedingly improbable, if\nnot, as Payne Knight says, quite absurd because, not only is Sardinia\nnot mentioned in Homer, but his geography, even where half-fabulous, and\nwith other names than the modern ones, does not extend so far west.\nPayne Knight says the word is derived from [Greek: sardain\u00f4], but where\nsuch a word is found I cannot learn. There is [Greek: sardaz\u00f4] in\nSuidas, \"to laugh bitterly,\" but unluckily the very same words are given\nas the interpretation of [Greek: sarkaz\u00f4], and [Greek: sarkaz\u00f4] is a\nperfectly established word. _Sarcasm, sarcastic_, are derived from it;\nand its own derivation from [Greek: sarx] \"flesh,\" seems certain. This\nmakes it highly probable that the first word in Suidas is a mistake for\nthe other. All Greek writers borrowed so much from Homer that the\noccurrence of the word in them, where obviously meaning Sardinian,\nseems to prove nothing but that they thought it had that meaning in him.\n\n C. B.\n\n_Epitaph on Voltaire_ (Vol. iii., p. 518.).--The question is asked, \"Has\nthe name of the lady of Lausanne, who wrote the epitaph on Voltaire,\n\n 'Ci g\u00eet l'enfant g\u00e2t\u00e9 du monde qu'il g\u00e2ta,'\n\nbeen ascertained?\" It has; and the lady was Madame la Baronne de\nMontolieu, who wrote a great variety of novels, of which by far the\nbest, and indeed one of the most interesting in the French language, is\nher _Caroline de Lichtfield_, first published at Lausanne in 1786, two\nvolumes 8vo. Her family name was de Bottens (Pauline-Isabelle), born at\nLausanne in 1751, and there died in December, 1832. Her first husband\nwas Benjamin de Crouzas, son to one of Montesquieu's adversaries, after\nwhose death she married the Baron de Montolieu. It was Gibbon's most\nintimate friend and literary _collaborateur_, Deyverdun, who published,\nand indeed corrected, her then anonymous _Caroline de Lichtfield_.\n\nVoltaire's friend and mistress, the learned Madame du Ch\u00e2telet, had\nprepared an inscription for his portrait, which may be considered an\nanticipated epitaph:\n\n \"Post-genitis Hic canis erit, nunc canis amicis;\"\n\nbut one of a very different tenor was written by J. J. Rousseau, we are\ntold by Lord Brougham:\n\n \"Plus bel esprit que grand g\u00e9nie,\n Sans loi, sans moeurs, et sans vertu;\n Il est mort comme il a v\u00e9cu,\n Couvert de gloire et d'infamie.\"\n\n J. R.\n\n_Voltaire, where situated_ (Vol. iii, pp. 329.433.).--The inquiry,\n\"Where is Voltaire situated?\" was answered in a late number, and\nreference made to the _Essays of an Octogenarian_, a privately-printed\nwork, and therefore not generally accessible; but the subject will be\nequally found elucidated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for July, 1846,\np. 25. No such place ever existed, as there made clear; for it is the\nsimple anagram of his patronymic, Arouet l j (_le jeune_), framed by\nhimself though by Condorcet and other biographers, ignorant of the fact,\nsupposed to be a landed property. Voltaire loved not his paternal name,\nas will be there found, and gladly changed it. The article embraces\nvarious particulars of Voltaire's life, in refutation of Lord Brougham's\nerrors; some of them strange enough, and not inconsiderable in number,\nso as to excite surprise in so accomplished a person.\n\n J. R.\n\n_Children at a Birth_ (Vol. iii., p. 347.).--See _Quarterly Review_, No.\nxxix. vol. xv. p. 187., where Southey quotes _Hakewill's Apology_ as\nauthority for an epitaph in Dunstable Church to a woman who had, at\nthree several times, three children at a birth; and five at a birth two\nother times.\n\n A. C.\n\n_Milkmaids_ (Vol. iii., p. 367.).--\n\n \"May 1.--I was looking out of the parlour window this morning, and\n receiving the honours which Margery, the milkmaid to our lane, was\n doing me, by dancing before my door _with the plate of half her\n customers on her head_.\"--_Tatler_ for May 2, 1710.\n\n R. J. R.\n\n_\"Heu quanto minus,\" &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 21.).--\n\n \"Heu quanto minus est cum aliis versari quam tui meminisse,\"\n\nis the end of an inscription at the Leasowes \"to Miss Dolman, a\nbeautiful and amiable relation of Mr. Shenstone's, who died of the\nsmall-pox, about twenty-one years of age,\" in the following words. On\none side:\n\n \"Peramabili su\u00e6 consobrin\u00e6\n M.D.\"\n\nOn the other side:\n\n \"Ah Maria\n puellarum elegantissima\n Ah flore venustatis abrepta\n Vale!\n Heu quanto minus est,\" &c.\n\n Shenstone's _Works_, 1764, vol. ii. p. 356.\n\n C. B.\n\nThis quotation is Shenstone's \"Epitaph on his Sister.\"\n\nJ. O. B., however, has given it incorrectly: it should be--\n\n \"Heu quanto minus est cum reliquis versari quam tui meminisse.\"\n\nMoore has done something towards giving the force of this strikingly\nconcentrated sentence, thus:--\n\n \"Tho' many a gifted mind we meet,\n Tho' fairest forms we see,\n To live with them is far less sweet,\n Than to remember thee.\"\n\n H. E. H.\n\n_The \"Passellew\" Family_ (Vol. i., p. 319.).--I think there can be\nlittle doubt that the \"Robert Passellew\" of Waltham Abbey, and \"John\nPaslew,\" the last abbot of Whalley, belong to the same family. A\nreference to Burke's _General Armory_ proves the armorial bearings to be\nthe same, and also that the family was connected with the county of\nDurham. The following extract from the _Historical, Antiquarian, and\nPicturesque Account of Kirkstall Abbey_ (Longmans, 1827), will show that\na century later the Paslews had obtained a footing in Yorkshire, and had\nbecome benefactors of Kirkstall:\n\n \"Robert Passelowe, with King Richard II.'s licence, gave one toft,\n five acres of land, and an annual rent of 2_s._ 6_d._ in Bramley,\n with the reversion of nine messuages, seven oxgangs, and six acres\n and a half of land, after the decease of the tenants, ..., all\n which premises were valued at \u00a34 2_s._ 6_d._ per annum.\"--P. 208.\n\n T. T. W.\n\n Burnley, Lancashire.\n\n_Lady Petre's Monument_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.).--\"A E I O U.\" Do not these\nletters stand for \"[Greek: aei ou]\"--_non semper_? alluding to the\nresurrection from the tomb.\n\n J. H. L.\n\nMay not the five vowels at the end of the Latin epitaph of Lady Petre's\nmonument mean,\n\n \"A Etern\u00e6 Ianua Obitus Uit\u00e6?\"\n\n F. A.\n\n Hampstead.\n\n_Spenser's Age at his Death_ (Vol. i., p. 481.).--Touching this subject\nI can state that I am well acquainted with an admirable portrait of the\npoet, bearing date 1593, in which he is represented as a man of not more\nthan middle age; so that, whether he died in 1596 or 1598, he may be\nsaid to have died prematurely--_immatur\u00e2 morte obiisse_, as the monument\ntestifies.\n\n VARRO.\n\n_Blessing by the Hand_ (Vol. iii., pp. 477. 509.).--The priest of the\nGreek church, in blessing with the hand, anciently held it with the\nthumb crossing the third finger, the first finger being held straight,\nthe second and fourth curved, so as to represent altogether the Greek\nletters I C X C, the first and last letters of \"Jesus Christ.\" The same\nletters are impressed on the bread used in their eucharist, the bread\nbeing marked with the Greek cross, similar to our cross-buns, with the\nletters I C and X C in the upper angles of the cross, and the letters N\nand K in the two lower angles. The N K is the abbreviation of [Greek:\nnika], and the whole phrase is \"Jesus Christ conquers.\" This church\nderived the expression from the standard (labarum) of Constantine,\n[Greek: en tout\u00f4 nika] = _in hoc signo vinces_. In Goar's notes on the\nGreek rituals, especially that of Chrysostom's, much information may be\nobtained on the symbolisms of Christianity.\n\n T. J. BUCKTON.\n\n Lichfield.\n\n_Handel's Occasional Oratorio_ (Vol. iii., p. 426.).--This oratorio\ndoubtless received its name from the special _occasion_ when it was\ncomposed, viz. the suppression of the rebellion in 1745. It was\npublished by Tonson in Feb. 1746, at the price of 1_s._, together with\nvarious poems, &c. relating to the same important event. The Oratorio is\ndivided into three parts: with the exception of the overture, four of\nthe airs, and two of the choruses, it contains little that can be\npopular at the present day.\n\n J. H. M.\n\n_Moore's Almanack_ (Vol. iii., pp. 263. 339. 381. 466.).--Francis Moore\nwas not a real personage, but a pseudonyme adopted by the author, Mr.\nHenry Andrews, who was born at Frieston, near Grantham, Lincolnshire,\nFebruary 4, 1744, and died at Royston, Herts, January 26, 1820. Andrews\nwas astronomical calculator to the Board of Longitude, and for years\ncorresponded with Maskelyne and other eminent men. A portrait of Andrews\nis extant; one is in my possession: they are now extremely scarce.\n\nAs to the date of the almanack's first appearance I can afford no\ninformation; but it can be obtained of Mr. W. H. Andrews, only son of\nthe astronomer, who still resides at Royston, and is in possession of\nhis MSS., consisting of astronomical and astrological calculations,\nnotes of various phenomena, materials for a history of Royston, memoir\nof his own life, his correspondence, &c.\n\n FRANCIS.\n\n_Kiss the Hare's Foot_ (Vol. iv., p. 21.).--This saying occurs in\nBrowne's _Britannia's Pastorals_:\n\n \"'Tis supper time with all, and we had need\n Make haste away, unless we mean to speed\n With those that kiss the hare's foot. Rheums are bred,\n Some say, by going supperless to bed,\n And those I love not; therefore cease my rhyme\n And put my pipes up till another time.\"\n\n _Brit. Past._, Book 2., Song. 2.\n\nThis quotation may not be of much service as a clue to the discovery of\nthe _origin_ of the saying; but it may be interesting to MR. BREEN as a\nproof that the saying itself must be considerably more than two hundred\nyears old, the second part of the _Pastorals_ having been first\npublished in 1616.\n\n C. FORBES.\n\n Temple.\n\n_Derivation of the Word \"Bummaree\" or \"Bumaree\"_ (Vol. iv., p. 39.).--\n\n \"BOMERIE, S. F. [terme de mer, pr\u00eat \u00e0 la grosse aventure] bottomry\n or bottomree.\"--Boyer's _Fr. and Engl. Dict._, ed. London, 1767.\n\nThe leading idea in the term _Bomerie_, and its English equivalent, when\napplied to borrowing money \"on a ship's keel,\" is the hazarding all on a\nsingle venture: hence it is not difficult to see its application to\nother transactions, especially those connected with sea; such as\nwholesale purchases of fish, in which a large risk is run, with an\nuncertain prospect of return.\n\nThe meaning of the word, if it be really the same, when adopted by\nconfectioners, would probably be assignable either to the shape of the\npans, or the use to which they were applied.\n\nI know not whether this is to be classed among the \"unsatisfactory\"\nderivations already submitted to your correspondent, but should be glad\nto hear his opinion on its soundness.\n\n E. A. D.\n\n_Sheridan and Vanbrugh_ (Vol. iv. p. 24.).--Had O. O. consulted the\n\"Life of Sheridan\" which precedes Bohn's Collection of the _Dramatic\nWorks of Sheridan_ (which, having the volume in his hand, he ought to\nhave done), he would have seen that it is expressly mentioned (p. 51.)\nthat Sheridan, having become part proprietor of Drury Lane Theatre--\n\n \"His first commencement as a manager was not of that brilliant\n kind to give any promise of great improvement in the conduct of\n the theatre. _An alteration_ of Vanbrugh's play the _Relapse_ was\n the first production, under the name of a _Trip to Scarborough_.\n It was brought out on February 24, 1777. This was an unfortunate\n commencement: neither the public nor the actors were satisfied.\"\n\nFurther, it is printed at the end of Sheridan's _Dramatic Works_,\nfollowed by _Pizarro_, printed in smaller type, so as to make them\nappear like an appendix; and hence it could hardly be expected that any\none would think of attributing the _Trip to Scarborough_, altered from\nVanbrugh's _Relapse_, to Sheridan, any more than it could be considered\nas intended to call him the author of _Pizarro_, because he altered\nKotzebue's _Spaniards in Peru_, and adapted it to, and had it\nrepresented on, the stage.\n\n A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.\n\n\"_Felix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum_\" (Vol. iii., p.\n482.).--This line of Plautus is followed by parallel quotations from\nother writers. To these I may add the French version:\n\n \"Heureux celui qui pour devenir sage,\n Du mal d'autrui fait son apprentisage.\"\n\n J. R.\n\n\"_Alterius Orbis Papa_\" (Vol. iii., p. 497.; Vol. iv., p. 11.).--Fuller,\nin his _Worthies of England_, edit. London, 1662, \"Staffordshire,\" p.\n41., uses this expression, writing, of Cardinal Pole. It is as follows:\n\n \"Yet afterwards he (Pole) became '_Alterius Orbis Papa_,' when\n made Archbishop of Canterbury by Queen Mary.\"\n\n J. N. B.\n\n West Bromwich, June 28. 1851.\n\n_Umbrella_ (Vol. iii., pp. 37. 60. 126. 482.).--In Fynes Moryson's\n_Itinerary_, \"printed by John Beale, 1617, part iii. booke i. chap. ii.\np. 21.,\" is the following passage:\n\n \"In hot regions, to auoide the beames of the sunne, in some places\n (as in Italy) they carry Vmbrels, or things like a little canopy,\n over their heads; but a learned Physician told me, that the use of\n them was dangerous, because they gather the heate into a\n pyramidall point, and thence cast it down perpendicularly upon the\n head, except they know how to carry them for auoyding that\n danger.\"\n\n C. DE D.\n\n_To learn by Heart, \"Apprendre par Coeur\"_ (Vol. iii., pp. 425.\n483.).--Quitard, a French writer on Proverbs, says,--\n\n \"On a regard\u00e9 le coeur comme le si\u00e9ge de la M\u00e9moire. De l\u00e0 les\n mots _recorder_, _se recorder_, _r\u00e9cordance_, _r\u00e9cordation_, en\n Latin _recordari_, _recordatio_; de l\u00e0 aussi l'expression\n _apprendre par coeur_. Rivarol dit que cette expression, si\n ordinaire et si \u00e9nergique, vient du plaisir que nous prenons \u00e0 ce\n qui nous touche et nous flatte. La m\u00e9moire, en effet, est toujours\n aux ordres du coeur.\"\n\n J. M.\n\n Oxford.\n\n\"_Suum cuique tribuere_\" (Vol. iii. p. 518.).--I beg to refer your\ncorrespondent M. D. to Cicero's _De Claris Oratoribus_, which is the\nnearest parallel passage I can find: viz.\n\n \"Erat omnius tum mos, ut in reliquis rebus melior, sic in hoc ipso\n humanior: ut faciles essent in _suum cuique tribuendo_.\"\n\nIn a note, an allusion to Justice is made: but my Cicero is a very old\nedition, and is divided into four tomes. The above is from tome i. p.\n305, letter F.\n\nThe only other parallel passage is from Liber II., \"Ad Herennium,\" thus:\n\n \"_Justitia_ est habitus animi, communi utilitate conservata, _suam\n cuique tribuens_ dignitatem.\"\n\n J. N. C.\n\n King's Lynn, June 28. 1851.\n\n_Frogs in Ireland--Round Towers_ (Vol. iii., pp. 353. 428. 490.).--I\nmust take leave to doubt the fact, mentioned in Vol. iii., p. 490., of\nthe introduction of frogs into Ireland first in the year 1696. They are\nmuch too plentiful in the country districts, leaving out their abundance\nin the county Dublin, to warrant any such supposition. In the Queen's\nCounty, particularly, I have seen them in myriads. With regard to those\ngentlemen who are pleased to import snakes into Ireland, I can only wish\nthem some worthier occupation.\n\nThere are two birds, the occurrence of which about Dublin I do not find\nnoticed by naturalists. One is the common skylark, the other is the\nRoyston crow, which, strange to say, is not a migratory visitor, but is\nfound there the whole year round.\n\nConcerning Round Towers, mentioned at pages 353. and 428., I beg to\nrefer W. R. M. to the works of Wilkinson, Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall, and\nMoore's _History of Ireland_, in addition to Petrie, Keating, &c. When\nin Galway, in January, 1850, I noticed some remarkable instances of\nresemblance to Spaniards amongst the peasant women and girls. It was,\nhowever, by no means general; but only observable here and there, in a\nfew particular instances. Between Galway and Oughterard I passed a girl\nwalking barefooted along the dirty road, whose features were strikingly\nbeautiful, set off with long raven tresses and large _dark_ eyes, signs\napparently of her Spanish origin. The town of Galway is full of\ninteresting memorials of its connexion with Spain, and well repays a\nvisit. Its ancient prosperity will now be probably revived again, and,\nwith its singularly advantageous position, and its future intercourse\nwith America, it cannot fail to rise once more from its ruins and its\ndirt, unless prevented by the prevalence of political agitation.\n\n WILLIAM E. C. NOURSE.\n\n_Lines on the Temple_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--J. S. will find these lines\n_in print_, in the \"Poetry\" of the _Annual Register_ for 1764, vol. vii.\np. 247. They are said to have been stuck on the Temple gate.\n\n J. K.\n\n_Killigrew Arms_ (Vol. i., pp. 204. 231. 283.).--A more correct\ndescription will be found in Lysons' _Cornwall_: see \"Town Seal of\nFalmouth.\"\n\n S. H. (2)\n\n_Meaning of Hernshaw_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--In Poulson's _Beverlac; or\nHistory of the Antiquities of Beverley in Yorkshire_, pp. 263, 264. et\nseq., is an account of the expenses of the \"Twelve Governors of Beverley\non a visit to the Earl of Northumberland at Leconfield Castle.\" Among\nthe presents made to the Earl (Henry Algernon Percy, fifth earl, born\nJan. 1477-8, died 1527) for so distinguished an honour are four\nheronsewes, heronseu, hornsue, or _hernshaw_, for it is written in all\nthese ways. Was a young heron formerly esteemed a choice delicacy?\nChaucer, describing the feast of Cambisscan, says:\n\n \"I wol not tellen of hir strange sewes,\n Ne hir swannes, ne hir heronsewes.\"\n\nBut even the full-grown bird was not too powerful for the digestive\norgans in those days: it was termed _viand royal_, and heronries were\nmaintained for the purpose of food, as well as diversion. In the\nNorthumberland Household Book, these birds, with many others, are named\nas then served up at table, but which are now discarded as little better\nthan carrion.\n\nFrom _hernshaw_, still further corrupted, arose the proverbial\nexpression introduced by Shakspeare into _Hamlet_,--\n\n \"I am but mad north-north-west, when the wind is southerly, I know\n a hawk from a _hand-saw_.\"\n\n G. P.\n\n_Theory of the Earth's Form_ (Vol. iii., pp. 331. 508.).--Do the\nfollowing passages from the \"Version of the Psalms\" in the _Book of\nCommon Prayer_ throw any light upon the subject?\n\n \"And the foundations of the _round_ world were discovered.\"--Ps.\n xviii. 15.\n\n \"The _compass_ of the world, and they that dwell therein.\"--Ps.\n xxiv. 1.\n\n \"Thou hast laid the foundation of the _round_ world, and all that\n therein is.\"--Ps. lxxxix. 12.\n\n \"He hath made the _round_ world so sure.\"--Ps. xciii. 2.\n\n \"And that it is he who hath made the _round_ world so fast that it\n cannot be moved.\"--Ps. xcvi. 10.\n\n \"The _round_ world, and they that dwell therein.\"--Ps. xcviii. 8.\n\n R. H.\n\n_Coke and Cowper, how pronounced_ (Vol. iv., p. 24.).--_Coke_ is by\nlawyers generally pronounced like the article which feeds our\nsteam-engines; but the late Earl of Leicester was generally, in Norfolk\nand elsewhere, called _Cook_. The presumption is, that _Cook_ was the\nancient sound given to the word _Coke_. _Cowper_ is a similar instance:\nI believe it has always been called _Cooper_. In an old electioneering\nsquib by the late Lord John Townshend, _Cowper_ is made to rhyme to\n_Trooper_. The passage alludes to an old county scandal, and I do not\ntherefore quote it.\n\n J. H. L.\n\nThere can be no doubt (as it seems to me) that the poet's name _ought_\nto be pronounced according to the spelling. I am enabled to state\ndecidedly that he himself pronounced his name _Cowper_, and _not\nCooper_. I venture to think that the same might also be said with\nrespect to Lord Coke's name; _i. e._ that the pronunciation Cook is only\na \"modern affectation.\"\n\n R. VINCENT.\n\n_Registry of British Subjects Abroad_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).--All English\nchaplains on the Continent are licensed to their respective chaplaincies\nby the Bishop of London, and are within his ecclesiastical jurisdiction.\nThis _may_ have given rise to the notion of which your correspondent\nspeaks.\n\n R. VINCENT.\n\n_Hanging out the Broom at the Mast-heads of Ships to be sold_ (Vol. ii.,\np. 226.).--In reply to the question of your correspondent W. P., I beg\nto inform him that the custom originated from that period of our history\nwhen the Dutch admiral, Van Tromp, with his fleet appeared on our coasts\nin hostility against England. The broom was hoisted as indicative of his\nintention to sweep the ships of England from the sea. To repel this\ninsolence the English admiral hoisted a horse-whip, equally indicative\nof his intention to chastise the Dutchman. The pennant which the\nhorse-whip symbolised has ever since been the distinguishing mark of\nEnglish ships of war.\n\n JAMES CORNISH.\n\n_William Godwin_ (Vol. i., pp. 415. 478.).--Your correspondents N. and\nC. H. may find some interesting passages of Godwin's life in his\n_Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin_: Johnson, St. Paul's Church\nYard, 1798.\n\n JAMES CORNISH.\n\n_Family of Kyme_ (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--Bold may find some information\nwhich will assist him in a pedigree and account of this family, showing\nthe descent of the manor of South and North Kyme in Lincolnshire, in\nCreasy's _History of Sleaford and the surrounding Neighbourhood_, p.\n274. The barony of Kyme appears to have passed into the female line by\nthe death of William de Kyme without issue in 12 Edward III.\n\n J. P. JUN.\n\n_Plaids and Tartans_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).--\n\n \"The belted plaid was the original dress. It is precisely that of\n a savage, who, finding a web of cloth he had not skill to frame\n into a garment, wrapt one end round his middle, and threw the rest\n about his shoulders.... And it is little to the honour of Highland\n ingenuity, that although the chiefs wore long pantaloons called\n _trews_, the common _gael_ never fell upon any substitute for the\n belted plaid, till an English officer, for the benefit of the\n labourers who worked under his direction on the military roads,\n invented the _fileah beg_, philabeg, or little petticoat, detached\n from the plaid, and fastened by a buckle round the waist.\"\n\nAlthough the above extract from the _Quarterly Review_, vol. i. p. 186.,\nis not exactly a reply to the Query of A JUROR (Vol. iv., p. 7.), still\nit may be of some use to him.\n\nI would like also to learn how much of the reviewer's story is founded\nupon fact, as I confess I am very much inclined to doubt the truth of it\n_in toto_.\n\n A LOWLANDER.\n\n_Peace Illumination_, 1802 (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--The story referred to by\nMR. CAMPKIN does not appear to be so apocryphal as he supposes. Southey,\nwho was an eye-witness of the illuminations, gives it as an indisputed\nfact. His words are:\n\n \"We entered the avenue immediately opposite to M. Otto's, and\n raising ourselves by the help of a garden wall, overlooked the\n crowd, and thus obtained a full and uninterrupted sight of what\n thousands and tens of thousands were vainly struggling to see. To\n describe it, splendid as it was, is impossible; the whole building\n presented a front of light. The inscription was 'Peace and Amity:'\n it had been 'Peace and Concord,' but a party of soldiers in the\n morning, whose honest patriotism did not regard trifling\n differences of orthography, insisted upon it that they were not\n _conquered_, and that no Frenchman should say so; and so the word\n Amity, which can hardly be regarded as English, was substituted in\n its stead.\"[2]\n\n [Footnote 2: _Letters from England, by Don Manuel Alvarez\n Espriella, translated from the Spanish_ (3 vols. 12mo. London,\n 1807), vol. i. lett. 8. p. 93.]\n\n DOUGLAS ALLPORT.\n\n_Basnet Family_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--I can perhaps give D. X. some\ninformation respecting the ancient family of Basnet, being related to\nthem through my mother.\n\nFrom papers in our possession, we have always considered ourselves\ndescended from Edward Basnet, the first married Dean of St. Patrick's;\nand I drew up a pedigree of the family, which is in Berry's _Berkshire_.\nBut the _proofs_ only go as far as Thomas Basnet, of Coventry, born in\n1590. Lawrance Basset, otherwise Bassnet, of Bainton, in the fee of the\nhundred of Hatton, in the parish of Budworth, in the palatine of\nChester, living in the 27th of Henry VIII., anno 1536, was descended of\na younger house of Sir Philip Basset, knight, &c. of St. Hillane, in the\ncounty of Glamorgan. He had Piers Basnet, of Bainton aforesaid, lived in\nthe time of Henry VIII., anno 1547, purchased land in Bainton of Edward\nStarkie, of Simondston in Lancashire, married Ann, dau. of Robert Eaton,\nof Over Whitley, first wife, by whom he had two sons, Thomas and Henry.\nThe second wife was dau. of ---- Stretch, of Leigh, had one son Robert,\nof the city of Chester.\n\nThe second son of Lawrance Basset, or Bassnet, was Hugh, of Leigh,\nliving temp. Henry VIII., anno 1543.\n\nThe third son was Thomas, temp. Henry VIII., 1539, whose son (we\nsuppose) was Edward Basnet, Dean of St. Patrick's whose grandson was an\nensign in General Monk's own regiment, the Coldstream Guards, 1660. He\nleft the regiment in 1665.\n\nIn the Egerton Papers, Camden Soc., vol. xii., is this account:\n\n \"Amongst those appointed for the Privy Council for the better\n government of Ireland, in the year July 1550, was Edward Basnet,\n clerk, late Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin.\"\n\nThe arms of the present family are Argent, a cheveron gules, between\nthree helmets, close ppr. Crest: an arm, embowed, in armour, holding a\ncutlas, all proper.\n\nBy applying to Charles Basnett, Esq., No. 3. Brock Street, Bath, D. X.\nmay have a full account of this family.\n\n JULIA R. BOCKETT.\n\n Southcote Lodge, July 17. 1851.\n\n\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nAs we last week called attention to the _Three Treatises by John\nWickliffe_ just published by Dr. Todd of Dublin, we may very properly\nrecord the sale by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson on Tuesday the 8th of\nthis month of a MS. volume containing twelve treatises (which are all\nsaid to be unpublished) written by John Wickliffe and Richard Hampole.\nThe volume, a small 8vo., was of the fourteenth century, with a few\nleaves supplied by a hand of the sixteenth, and contained \"A Tretis on\nthe Ten Heestis (_i.e._ Commandments), A Prologue of the Paternoster,\n'Here suen dyverse chapitris excitynge men to hevenli desijr,' the\nCouncell of Christ, Off vertuous pacience, Wickliffe's Chartre of\nHevene, The Hors or Armour off Hevene, the Name off Jhesu, The Love of\nJhesu, Off verri Mekenes, Off the Effect off Mannes Will, Of Actif Liif\nand Contemplatif Lyf, The Mirrour of Chastitee.\" It was purchased by\nBumstead of Holborn for 11_l._ The next lot in the same sale was the\noriginal manuscript Diary, extending from October, 1675, to September,\n1684, of Annesley Earl of Anglesey, Lord Privy Seal in the reign of\nCharles II., which was purchased by Boone, it is believed on commission\nfor the British Museum, for the sum of 12_l._ 10_s._\n\nThe _Athen\u00e6um_ of Saturday last publishes some inquiries from Mr. Payne\nCollier connected with the manuscript play by Anthony Mundy, which forms\nthe subject of SIR F. MADDEN'S interesting, communication in our present\nnumber. Mr. Collier is about to edit the drama in question for the\nShakspeare Society; and the object of his paper, which well deserves the\nattention of our readers, is to obtain information respecting two\nwizards or magicians who figure in it, the one named John a Kent, and\nthe other John a Cumber, who must formerly have been popular heroes, and\nbeen recorded in ballads and chapbooks which have now entirely\ndisappeared. We call attention to these inquiries with the view of\ngiving additional publicity to them, and in the hope of procuring from\nMr. Collier some Notes respecting these old world heroes, of one of\nwhom, John a Kent, some particulars are to be found, we believe, in\nCoxe's _Monmouthshire_.\n\nThe obituary of the past week contains the name of one of the most\ndistinguished historical writers of the present day, the Rev. Dr.\nLingard. An able and zealous champion of the Church of which he was so\neminent a member, his tolerant spirit and independent principles show\nthat of Dr. Lingard may be said, what was applied with admirable\npropriety to his co-religionist, the late learned librarian at Stowe, by\nSir James Macintosh, that he was\n\n \"True to his faith, but not the slave of Rome.\"\n\nThe sale of M. Donnadieu's valuable collection of Autographs will\ncommence on Tuesday next, and occupy five days. The Catalogue, which has\nbeen prepared by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson with their usual care, is\nitself a very interesting document. Our limits will not of course admit\nof our specifying a tithe of the curious and valuable articles which are\nnow to be brought to the hammer: but as specimens of the richness of the\ncollection, we will point out a few which are of importance, as\nillustrative of English history. Lot 165, for instance, is _Charles I.'s\nMarriage Contract with the Infanta of Spain_, a document of the highest\nvalue, but which has not, we believe, as yet been printed either\naccurately or entirely. Lot 184 is a most interesting letter from\n_Charles II. to his Sister the Duchess of Orleans_, written from\nCanterbury the day after he landed at Dover; while Lot 661 is a most\npathetic _Letter from the Duke of Monmouth to the Earl of Rochester_,\nentreating his intercession with James, and written five days before his\nexecution. Lot 254 is _The Original Warrant to the Lord Mayor of London,\ndirecting him to proclaim Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector of the\nCommonwealth of England, Scotland, Ireland, and the Dominions thereto\nbelonging_; and Lot 500, a _Warrant of the Privy Council of Lady Jane\nGray_, is a document of the highest importance, as proving (what has\nbeen doubted) that the Council of Lady Jane Grey did actually perform\nofficial acts as a Council. These of course are among the gems of the\ncollection; but in the whole thousand lots there is not one but is of\ninterest.\n\nCATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Sage's (4. Newman's Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields)\nMiscellaneous List for July, 1851, of Valuable and Interesting Books; T.\nKerslake's (3. Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue of Books lately bought.\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nLIFE OF DR. ARNOLD. 2 Vols. 8vo.\n\nRAILWAY MAGAZINE or Journal, 1844 and 1845.\n\nKNIGHT'S SYMBOLICAL LANGUAGE, 1818.\n\nWILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES.\n\nCLARKSON'S HISTORY OF RICHMOND, 2nd Edition, 4to.\n\nBRITISH POETS. Whittingham's Edition, boards or quires, without the\nPlates.\n\nBEBELII ECCLESIA ANTE-DILUVIANA, &c. Argent. 4to. 1665.\n\nTYNDALE'S \"PARABLE OF THE WICKED MAMMON.\" Any Edition prior to 1550.\n\nTHE DAPHNIS AND CHLOE OF LONGUS. Courier's French Translation.\n\nBELL'S SYSTEM OF SURGERY. Vol. I.\n\nTHE CHIRURGICAL WORKS OF PERCIVAL POTTS. Vol. I.\n\nBRYANT, DISSERT. ON THE WAR OF TROY. 4to.\n\n---- OBSERV. ON LE CHEVALIER'S PLAIN OF TROY. 4to.\n\n---- MORETT'S VINDIC. OF HOMER. 4to.\n\nBRYDGES, RES LITERARI\u00c6, BIBL. AND CRITICAL. 3 Vols. 8vo.\n\nBYRES, ETRURIAN ANTIQUITIES, by Howard. Folio.\n\nCRITICAL OBSERVATIONS ON BOOKS; ANCIENT AND MODERN. 5 Vols. 8vo.\n\nDOMESDAY BOOK. 4 Vols. Folio.\n\nDRUMMOND, HISTORY OF NOBLE BRITISH FAMILIES.\n\nCORONA MISTICA BEATE VIRGINIS MARIE GLORIOSE. Impressa Antewerpie per G.\nLeeu, 1492.\n\nPASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio, Basil. 1522.\n\nBROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 8vo. 1705.\n\nALLAN CUNNINGHAM'S TRADITIONARY TALES OF THE PEASANTRY. 2 Vols. 12mo.\nTwo copies wanted.\n\nStewart's Philosophy of the Human Mind. 4to. Vol. I.\n\nARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN ITALY.\n\nTHE DEMON, &c., by James Hinton. London: J. Mason.\n\nWANDELINI, IV EXERCITATIONES IN PERIODUM ANTE-DILUVIANUM HISTORI\u00c6 SACR\u00c6\nVET. TEST. Hafni\u00e6. 4to. 1652.\n\nSTEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpy. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX.\n\nThe _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOP\u00c6DIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.\n\nAIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols. 24mo. Published by\nLongmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.\n\nMARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830.\n\nMARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.\n\nJAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.\n\nHUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.\n\nRUSSELL'S EUROPE, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.\n\nWATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to.\n\nSTRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to.\n\nOLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 to 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.\n\nCOLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. I. 12mo.\nLond. 1755.\n\nHEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vol. I. II. III. and VII.\n\nD'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III.\n\nCHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, o\u00f9 l'on traite de la N\u00e9cessit\u00e9, de\nl'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des diff\u00e9rentes Formes de la\nSouverainet\u00e9, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de T\u00e9l\u00e9maque. 2 Vols.\n12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.\n\nThe same. Second Edition, under the title \"Essai Philosophique sur le\nGouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de F\u00e9n\u00e9lon,\" 12mo. Londres,\n1721.\n\nSIR THOS. ELYOT, THE GOVERNOUR. 1st Edit. 1531.\n\nBASTWICK (DR. JOS.) SUPPLEMENTUM, &c., 1635.\n\nENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER.\n\nMARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V.\n\nART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.\n\nBULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6_s._ per Vol. Pilgrims of the\nRhine, Alice, and Zanoni.\n\nDR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition.\n\n [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,\n _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND\n QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nLADY FLORA HASTINGS' BEQUEST. _The communications we have received\nreiterating Miss Barber's claim to the authorship of this Poem shall\nappear in our next number._\n\nJARLTZBERG. _Will this correspondent say how we may address a\ncommunication to him?_\n\n_The necessity of making up our Paper earlier than usual in consequence\nof issuing a_ DOUBLE NUMBER _has compelled us to omit two or three\nQueries, to which, at the special request of the writers, we should\notherwise have given immediate insertion. They shall appear next week._\n\nA. G. W. _will find the proverbial saying:_\n\n \"Quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat,\"\n\n_very fully illustrated in_ \"NOTES AND QUERIEs,\" Vol. i., pp. 347. 351.\n421. 476.\n\n\u00c6GROTUS _is thanked. His communication has only been laid aside until we\nhave time to separate the different articles. Our correspondents would\ngreatly oblige us if they would, when writing on several subjects, keep\nthem separate and distinct. Are we at liberty to publish any of the\nanecdotes contained in \u00c6grotus' last letter?_\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED.--_Kiss the Hare's Foot--Family of Kyme-Registry\nof British Subjects Abroad--Coke and Cowper--Dr. Elrington's\nEdition of Ussher--Dunmore Castle--Bummaree--Notation by\nCoal-whippers--William Hone--Baronets of Ireland--Dryden and\nOldham--Bellarmin's Monstrous Paradox--Book Plates--Thread the\nNeedle--Miss or Mistress--Planets of the Month--Theobald\nAnguilbert--Heu quanto minus--Peace Illumination--Salting the\nDead--Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest--P's and Q's--Nervous--Scandal\nagainst Elizabeth--Mosaic--\"Rack\" in the Tempest--Jonah and the\nWhale--Gooseberry Fool--Spencer Perceval--Sardonic Smiles._\n\nCIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_\nT. E. H., _that by way of hastening the period when we shall be\njustified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should\nforward copies of our_ PROSPECTUS _to correspondents who would kindly\nenclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of\nliterature, to become subscribers to_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" _has already\nbeen acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are\ngreatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for\nthis purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist\ntowards increasing our circulation._\n\n_The commencement of a New Volume with our 88th Number affords a\nfavourable opportunity to gentlemen resident in the country to commence\nthe work. The Subscription for the Stamped Edition of_ \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\" _is ten shillings and twopence for six months, which may be\npaid by Post-Office Order, drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE\nBELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.\n\nVOL. III., _neatly bound in cloth, and with very copious Index, is now\nready, price 9s. 6d._ VOLS. I. _and_ II. _may still be had, price 9s.\n6d. each._\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and\nNewsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country\nSubscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it\nregularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet\naware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND\nQUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._\n\n_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be\naddressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\n\n\nENGLISH DICTIONARIES.--RICHARDSON'S New Dictionary, 2 vols. 4to., 1836,\ncloth, 2_l._ 12_s._--Johnson's Dictionary, with Additions by Todd, 4\nvols. 4to., 1818, calf, gilt, 4_l._--Junii Etymologicum Anglicanum,\nOxon., 1743, folio. calf, 17_s._--Crabb's English Synonyms, 8vo., 1818,\nbds., 9_s._ 6_d._--Forby's Vocabulary of East Anglia, 2 vols. 8vo.,\n1830, cloth, 10_s._ 6_d._--Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic and\nProvincial Words, 2 vols. 8vo. 1850, cloth 17_s._ 6_d._\n\n Catalogues of Cheap Dictionaries in all the languages of the World\n gratis.\n\n B. QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square.\n\n\nFOR EVERY CHILD IN THE KINGDOM.\n\n On 1st July, 1851, Price 2_s._ 6_d._, an Enduring Record, full of\n Interesting Details--Vivid Descriptions--Moral Sentiments--and\n Beautiful Pictures, entitled\n\n LITTLE HENRY'S HOLIDAY\n\n AT THE GREAT EXHIBITION,\n\n By the Editor of \"PLEASANT PAGES.\"\n\n PLEASANT PAGES.--DOUBLE NUMBERS are now publishing, containing a\n Course of \"OBJECT LESSONS\" from the Great Exhibition.--Volume II.\n is just out. Third Edition of Volume I. is now ready.\n\n London: HOULSTON AND STONEMAN; and all Booksellers.\n\n\nINTERIOR OF A NUNNERY, AND PRACTICES OF THE PRIESTS.\n\n New Editions, in 2 vols. 18mo. cloth, with Engravings, 5_s._\n 6_d._; or separately, 3_s._ each.\n\n 1. AWFUL DISCLOSURES by MARIA MONK, of the Hotel Dieu Nunnery,\n Montreal. Third Edition. With engraved Plan.\n\n 2. CONFIRMATION OF MARIA MONK'S AWFUL DISCLOSURES; preceded by a\n Reply to the Priests' Book. Second Edition. With Portrait of\n Herself and Child. By the Rev. J. J. SLOCUM.\n\n \"This volume ought to be read by all parents, whether Popish or\n Protestant.\"--_Times._\n\n HODSON, 22. Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, London.\n\n\nARNOLD'S SCHOOL EDITIONS OF THE GREEK CLASSICS.\n\n In 12mo., price 5_s._ 6_d._\n\n THUCYDIDES, BOOK the FIRST; with English Notes, and Grammatical\n References. Edited by the REV. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A.,\n Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.\n\n RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;\n\n Of whom may be had, by the same Editor, with ENGLISH NOTES;\n\n 1. The PHILOCTETES of SOPHOCLES. 3_s._\n 2. The AJAX of SOPHOCLES. 3_s._\n 3. The ORATION of DEMOSTHENES on the CROWN. 4_s._ 6_d._\n 4. the OLYNTHIAC ORATION of DEMOSTHENES. 3_s._\n 5. HOMERI ILIAS, BOOKS I. to IV. With Copious Critical\n Introduction. 7_s._ 6_d._\n 6. HOMERI ILIAS, LIB. I.--III., for Beginners. 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n\nLONDON HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL,\n\n 32. Golden Square.\n\n Patroness.--H. R. H. the DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE.\n Vice-Patron.--His Grace the DUKE OF BEAUFORT, K.G.\n President.--F. M. the MARQUIS OF ANGLESEY, K.G., G.C.B.\n Vice-President.--His Grace the ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN.\n Treasurer.--John Dean Paul, Esq., 217. Strand.\n\n Open daily at 1 o'clock for the reception of out-patients without\n letters of recommendation. In-patients admitted every Tuesday, at\n 3 o'clock.\n\n Subscriptions are earnestly solicited in aid of the funds of the\n Charity, and will be thankfully received by the Treasurer; the\n bankers, Messrs. Strahan and Co., Temple Bar; Messrs. Prescott and\n Co., Threadneedle Street; and by\n\n RALPH BUCHAN, Honorary Secretary.\n 32. Golden Square.\n\n\nNow publishing,\n\n THE GEMS OF RAPHAEL, a Series of the Twelve most important Works\n of Raphael, engraved in the finest style of line by the most\n eminent Artists of Paris, from the Original Pictures. Size, about\n 12 inches by 8, printed on Columbia paper.\n\n 1. LE MARIAGE DE LA VIERGE (Milan).\n 2. LA BELLE JARDINI\u00c8RE (Paris).\n 3. MADONNA DELLA SEDIA (Florence).\n 4. LA VIERGE AU VOILE (Paris).\n 5. LA VIERGE AU DONATAIRE (Rome).\n 6. LA VIERGE D'ALBE (St. Petersburg).\n 7. LA VIERGE AU POISSON (Madrid).\n 8. LA VIERGE AUX CANDELABRES (London).\n 9. LA SAINTE FAMILLE (Paris).\n 10. LA MADONNA DI SAN SISTO (Dresden).\n 11. LA SAINTE C\u00c9CILE (Bologna).\n 12. LA SAINTE MARGU\u00c9RITE (Paris).\n\n Price of each Plate, Prints, 7_s._ 6_d._; India Proofs, 10_s._;\n Proofs before letters, 2_l._\n\n Subscribers who take the whole twelve Engravings will be entitled\n to the following advantages:--\n\n 1. With the first Part a Portfolio to contain the work.\n 2. Explanatory Notes on each Plate.\n 3. An Essay on the Life and Works Of Raphael.\n 4. A beautifully engraved portrait of Raphael.\n\n This valuable collection will be found to be most exquisitely\n engraved, and the prints sufficiently large to retain the beauty\n of the Drawing and the true expression of the originals. Their\n size and the lowness of the price will make them everywhere\n desirable. The great object has been to popularize the works of\n this sublime master.\n\n HERING AND REMINGTON, 137. Regent Street.\n\n\nSOCIETY OF ARTS, ADELPHI, LONDON.--PHILOSOPHICAL TREATISES on the\nvarious Departments of the GREAT EXHIBITION, which shall set forth the\npeculiar Advantages to be derived from each by the Arts, Manufactures,\nand Commerce of the country.\n\n The Council offer, in the name of the Society, the large MEDAL and\n 25_l._ for the best, and the Society's small Medal and 10_l._ for\n the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in the Section\n of Raw Materials and Produce.\n\n A large Medal and 25_l._ for the best, and a small Medal and\n 10_l._ for the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in\n the Section of Machinery.\n\n A large Medal and 25_l._ for the best, and a small Medal and\n 10_l._ for the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in\n the Section of Manufactures.\n\n A large Medal and 25_l._ for the best, and a small Medal and\n 10_l._ for the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in\n the Section of Fine Arts.\n\n Each Treatise must occupy, as nearly as possible, eighty pages of\n the size of the Bridgewater Treatises.\n\n The Society will also award its large Medal and 25 guineas for the\n best General Treatise upon the Exhibition, treated Commercially,\n Politically, and Statistically and small Medals for the best\n Treatises on any Special Object or Class of Objects exhibited.\n\n The successful Treatises are to be the Property of the Society;\n and should the Council see fit, they will cause the same to be\n printed and published, awarding to the Author the net amount of\n any profit which may arise from the publication after the payment\n of the expenses.\n\n The Competing Treatises are to be written on foolscap paper,\n signed with a motto in the usual manner, and delivered at the\n Society's House on or before the THIRTEENTH OF NOVEMBER, 1851,\n addressed to George Grove, Esq., Secretary, from whom additional\n particulars may be learned.\n\n By order of the Council, GEORGE GROVE, Sec.\n\n Adelphi, June 1. 1851.\n Post 8vo., price One Shilling.\n\n\nMR. SINGER'S \"WORMWOOD;\" embracing a restoration of the Author's reply,\nmutilated in \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" No. 72.; with a Note on the Monk of\nBury; and a Reading of Shakespeare's Sonnet cxi., \"supplementary to all\nthe Commentators.\" By H. K. STAPLE CAUSTON.\n\n London: HENRY KENT CAUSTON, Nag's Head Court, Gracechurch St.\n\n\nJust published, price 7_s._ 6_d._, neatly bound in cloth.\n\n THREE TREATISES BY JOHN WYCKLYFFE, D.D.\n I. OF THE CHURCH AND HER MEMBERS.\n II. OF THE APOSTACY OF THE CHURCH.\n III. OF ANTICHRIST AND HIS MEYNEE.\n\n Now first printed from a Manuscript in the Library of Trinity\n College, Dublin, with Notes and a Glossary. By JAMES HENTHORN\n TODD, D.D., Senior Fellow of Trinity College, Professor of Hebrew\n in the University, and Treasurer of St. Patrick's Cathedral,\n Dublin.\n\n EXTRACTS FROM THE PROSPECTUS.\n\n \"The Tracts here collected are now, for the first time, printed.\n They are interesting as being, perhaps, the latest of Wycklyffe's\n writings, and as expressing, it may be presumed, his matured\n opinions and judgement, on the important subjects of which they\n treat. One of them, the Treatise _On the Church and its Members_,\n contains internal evidence of having been composed within the last\n year of the Reformer's life: the others, from their close\n connexion with this, in style and subject-matter, were probably\n written at the same time.\"\n\n \"It is scarcely necessary to say that the Editor, in printing\n these curious tracts, has no wish to recommend _all_ the doctrines\n they advocate. His object is to make them known as documents\n essential to the right understanding of the attempt made by\n Wycklyffe and his followers for the reformation of the Church.\n They are interesting also as monuments of the state of the English\n language in the fourteenth century, and they throw great light on\n the manners, customs, and religion of our ancestors at that\n period.\n\n \"Some _Notes_ have been added explanatory of obscure allusions,\n and with verifications of the quotations from ancient writers,\n occurring in the Text. A copious _Glossary_ has also been\n compiled, to assist the reader in understanding the obsolete words\n and spellings of the original.\n\n \"The Editor is not without a hope that the publication of these\n Treatises may direct the attention of influential scholars to the\n importance of collecting and printing, under the care of competent\n Editors, all the existing writings which remain in our libraries,\n under the name of Wycklyffe and his contemporaries. Until this is\n done, a most important period of our ecclesiastical history must\n continue in comparative obscurity.\"\n\n Dublin: HODGES AND SMITH, Grafton Street, Booksellers to the\n University.\n\n\nTHE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND\n\n IMPROVEMENT COMPANY.\n Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 12 and 13 Vict. c. 91.\n DIRECTORS.\n HENRY KER SEYMER, Esq., M.P., Hanford. Dorset, Chairman.\n JOHN VILLIERS SHELLEY, Esq., Maresfield Park, Sussex,\n Deputy-Chairman.\n John Chevallier Cobbold, Esq., M.P., Ipswich.\n William Cubitt, Esq., Great George Street, Westminster.\n Henry Currie, Esq., M.P., West Horsley, Surrey.\n Thomas Edward Dicey, Esq., Claybrook Hall, Lutterworth.\n William Fisher Hobbs, Esq., Boxted Lodge, Colchester.\n Edward John Hutchins, Esq., M.P., Eaton Square, London.\n Samuel Morton Peto, Esq., M.P., Great George Street.\n Colonel George Alexander Reid, M.P., Bulstrode Park, Bucks.\n William Tite, Esq., F.R.S., Lowndes Square, London.\n William Wilshere, Esq., The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts.\n\n This Company is empowered to execute--\n\n 1. All works of Drainage (including Outfalls through adjoining\n Estates), Irrigation, Reclaiming, Enclosing, and otherwise\n improving Land.\n\n 2. To erect Farm Homesteads, and other Buildings necessary for the\n cultivation of Land.\n\n 3. To execute Improvements, under Contract, with Commissioners of\n Sewers, Local Boards of Health, Corporations, Trustees, and other\n Public Bodies.\n\n 4. To purchase Lands capable of Improvement, and fettered by\n Restrictions of Entail; and having executed the necessary Works,\n to resell them with a Title communicated by the Company's Act.\n\n Owners of Entailed Estates, Trustees, Mortgagees, Corporations.\n Incumbents, Life Tenants, and other Persons having only limited\n Interests, may obtain the use of the Company's Powers to carry out\n every kind of permanent Improvement, either by the Application of\n their own or the Company's Funds, secured by a yearly Charge on\n the Property improved.\n\n Proposals for the Execution of Works to be addressed to\n\n WILLIAM CLIFFORD, Secretary\n Offices, 52. Parliament Street,\n Westminster.\n\n\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London, and\npublished by GEORGE BELL of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, July 26, 1851.\n\n\n\n\n [List of volumes and pages in \"Notes and Queries\", Vol. I-IV]\n\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Notes and Queries Vol. I. |\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx |\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 |\n | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 |\n | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 |\n | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 |\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 |\n | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 |\n | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 |\n | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 |\n | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 |\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # |\n | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 |\n | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 |\n | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 |\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 |\n | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 |\n | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 |\n | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 |\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 |\n | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 |\n | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 |\n | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 |\n | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 |\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 |\n | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 |\n | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 |\n | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 |\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 |\n | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 |\n | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 |\n | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 |\n +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n | Notes and Queries Vol. II. |\n +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx |\n +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 |\n | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 |\n | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 |\n | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 |\n | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 |\n +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 |\n | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 |\n | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 |\n | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 |\n +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 |\n | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 |\n | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 |\n | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 |\n | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 |\n +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 |\n | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 |\n | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 |\n | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 |\n +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 |\n | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 |\n | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 |\n | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 |\n +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 |\n | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 |\n | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 |\n | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 |\n | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 |\n +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 |\n | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 |\n | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 |\n | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 |\n +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Notes and Queries Vol. III. |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 |\n | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 |\n | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 |\n | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 |\n | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 |\n | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 |\n | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 |\n | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 |\n | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 |\n | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 |\n | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 |\n | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 |\n | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 |\n | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 |\n | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 |\n | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 |\n | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 |\n | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 |\n | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 |\n | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 |\n | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 |\n | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 |\n | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 |\n +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 |\n | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 |\n | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 |\n +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+","title":"Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 91, July 26, 1851: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":29757}