{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_38773/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_38773","id":"gutenberg_38773","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38773","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - Other","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Category: Reports & Conference Proceedings","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This\nfile was produced from images generously made available\nby The Internet Library of Early Journals.)\n\n\n\n\n\n[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been\nstandardized; \"TR:\" as in [TR: Lilith] marks a transcriber's note.\nCharacters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal\nsign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top. Underscores\nhave been used to indicate _italic_ fonts, or _emphasis_ in Greek.\nA list of volumes and pages in \"Notes and Queries\" has been added\nat the end.]\n\n\n\n\nNOTES and QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION\n\nFOR\n\nLITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\nVOL. IV.--NO. 102. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11. 1851.\n\nPrice Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n                                                                Page\n\n\n      NOTES:--\n\n      Effigies of  English Sovereigns extant in France, by\n      W. S. Gibson                                               265\n\n      Arabic Inscriptions--Mocatteb Mountains, by T. J.\n      Buckton                                                    266\n\n      Additions to Cunningham's Hand-book of London              267\n\n      Richard Rolle of Hampole, No. II.                          268\n\n      A Funeral in Hamburgh, by W. S. Hesleden                   269\n\n      Folk Lore:--The Baker's Daughter--\"Pray remember the\n      Grotto\" on St. James's Day--The King's Evil--Bees          269\n\n      The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney                        270\n\n      Minor Notes:--Braham Moor--Portraits of Burke              270\n\n      QUERIES:--\n\n      General James Wolfe, who fell at Quebec                    271\n\n      Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy                          272\n\n      Minor Queries:--Colonies in England--Buxtorf's\n      Translation of the \"Treatise on Hebrew Accents\"\n      by Elias Levita--The Name \"Robert\"--Meaning of\n      \"Art'rizde\"--Sir William Griffith of North\n      Wales--The Residence of William Penn--Martial's\n      Distribution of Hours--Moonlight--Ash-sap given to\n      new-born Children--Cockney--Full Orders--Earwig--The\n      Soul's Errand                                              272\n\n      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Call a Spade, a Spade--Prince\n      Rupert's Drops--\"Worse than a Crime\"--Arbor Lowe,\n      Stanton Moor, Ayre Family--Bishop of Worcester \"On\n      the Sufferings of Christ\"--Lord Clifford--Latin\n      Translation of Sarpi's Council of Trent--Livery\n      Stables                                                    274\n\n      REPLIES:--\n\n      Mabillon's Charge against the Spanish Clergy--Campanella\n      and Adami--Wilkes MSS., by Henry Hallam                    275\n\n      Printing                                                   276\n\n      The Pendulum Demonstration, &c.                            277\n\n      Winifreda--\"Childe Harold,\" by Samuel Hickson              277\n\n      The Three Estates of the Realm, by William Fraser          278\n\n      Meaning of Whig and Tory, by David Stevens                 281\n\n      Recovery of Lost Authors of Antiquity, by Kenneth\n      R. H. MacKenzie                                            282\n\n      MS. Note in a Copy of Liber Sententiarum                   282\n\n      Replies to Minor Queries:--Warnings to Scotland--Fides\n      Carbonaria--Fire Unknown--Pope and Flatman--Pope's\n      Translations or Imitations of Horace--Lord Mayor\n      not a Privy Councillor--Herschel anticipated--Sanford's\n      Descensus--Pope's \"honest Factor\"--\"A little Bird told\n      me,\" &c.                                                   283\n\n      MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     285\n\n      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               286\n\n      Notices to Correspondents                                  286\n\n      Advertisements                                             287\n\n\n\n\nNotes.\n\n\nTHE EFFIGIES OF ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS EXTANT IN FRANCE.\n\nIn the year 1816, Mr. Charles Stothard discovered in a cellar (as it is\ndescribed) of one of the buildings adjoining the ruined abbey at\nFontevraud, which was then used as a prison, the monumental effigies of\nKing Henry II., Eleanor of Aquitaine his queen, King Richard I., and\nQueen Isabella of Angoul\u00eame. It had been feared that these monuments\nshared the destruction of the royal tombs from which they were torn, in\nthe fearful outrages of the Revolution; but they were found to have\nescaped the general havoc, although they had suffered some mutilation.\nThey are described to be sculptures almost coeval with the decease of\nthe sovereigns represented, and to possess such a chaste grandeur and\nsimplicity of character as to add great artistic value to their\nhistorical importance. Mr. Stothard represented to the English\ngovernment of that day the propriety of rescuing such venerable\nmonuments from further injury, and of bringing them to Westminster\nAbbey; and an application appears to have been made, through some\nofficial channel, to the French authorities; but it was not successful,\nthough it had the effect, as it is said, of inducing the latter to\ndirect measures to be taken for the better preservation of these\neffigies. About the same time, Mr. Stothard discovered the monumental\neffigy of Queen Berengaria in the ruins of her once-stately abbey-church\nof L'Espan, near Mans, which he found converted into a barn; but it was\nthen in contemplation to place this effigy in the church of St. Julien\nthere, when the restoration of that edifice should be completed. A\nmemoir (which I cannot here obtain) on the sepulchral statues of English\nsovereigns at Fontevraud was read in 1841 in the congress of the Society\nfor Preserving the Historical Monuments of France; and by the researches\nof M. Deville, a distinguished antiquary of Normandy, another effigy of\nKing Richard \"of the Lion Heart\" was brought to light in 1838, from\nbeneath the modern pavement of the choir of Rouen Cathedral, and was\nshortly afterwards made known in England by the very interesting\ncommunication made by Mr. Albert Way to the Society of Antiquaries of\nLondon, and published in vol. xxix. of the _Arch\u00e6ologia_.\n\nI am not aware that attention has been otherwise drawn to these effigies\nsince the publication of Mr. Stothard's great work, nor can I find that\nhis suggestion has at any time been revived, or that the steps which may\nhave been taken at Fontevraud for rescuing these monuments from\nthe gradual demolition which seemed to threaten them, were such as are\nlikely to insure their ultimate preservation. What those steps were, or\nwhat is the present state of these interesting memorials, I have not\nbeen able to learn; but, inasmuch as it appears that the tombs they\ncovered have been destroyed; that in the fury of revolutionary violence\nthe remains of the royal dead were scattered to the winds; and that the\nabbey church of Fontevraud itself fell into a state of ruin, if not of\ndesecration; it will probably be agreed that the removal of these\nmonuments to Westminster Abbey is unobjectionable, and that their\ndeposit among the effigies of our early sovereigns in that glorious\nedifice would be appropriate, and is much to be desired. Being strongly\nimpressed with that opinion, I trouble you with this note, which, if you\nshould deem it worthy of insertion, may elicit some information, and\nperhaps lead to an application for leave to remove these monuments, and\nplace them in Westminster Abbey. The present time seems favourable for\nsuch an effort; and if the object in view should have the sanction of\nQueen Victoria, the interference of Her Majesty would probably prevail.\n\n    W. SIDNEY GIBSON.\n\n  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.\n\n\nARABIC INSCRIPTIONS--MOCATTEB MOUNTAINS.\n\nThe principle of decyphering propounded for the Nineveh inscriptions\n(Vol. iv., p. 220.) is available equally, and with better prospect of\nspeedy solution, in the case of those of _Mocatteb_. A very interesting\nnarrative is given of these in Laborde's _Mount Sinai and Petra_ (p.\n248). The site of them is seventy miles direct distance south-east from\nSuez, and they extend on the rock three miles and more in length, at a\nheight of ten or twelve feet, and in the line of route to Sinai, which\nis distant fifty miles south-east from Mocatteb. They also lie not only\nin the usual caravan route, but almost in a direct line drawn from\nEthiopia to the cities of Nineveh and Babylon. Nimrod is represented as\nan Ethiopian (Gen. x. 8.), \"_Cush begat Nimrod_\" = \"_Nimrod was an\nEthiopian by descent_.\" The whole of this invaluable monument of the\nmost ancient geography, the tenth of Genesis, must be read with\nreference to _nations_, and not individuals.\n\nBoth the valley and the mountains are named from these \"Inscriptions\" =\n_Mocatteb_ in Arabic; that fact alone indicates considerable antiquity,\nespecially in a country like Arabia, where the fashion of changing any\nusage, especially that of names of places, has never prevailed. The\nvicinity of these inscriptions to that portion of the world wherein the\nMosaic law had its origin, and probably, as a necessary consequence, the\ninvention of an alphabet also; and likewise the great question of\nancient intercourse between Egypt, Ethiopia, Assyria (Chaldea), and\nIndia, have rendered the interpretation of the Mocatteb inscriptions a\nproblem of paramount interest, insomuch that Bishop Clayton offered a\nconsiderable sum of money for a copy of them. In the _Royal Society's\nTransactions_, vol. ii. part vi. 1832, are specimens of 187 of these,\nwhereof nine are Greek and one Latin. Some of them are doubtless of the\nsixth century.\n\nCoutelle and Roziere (_Antiquities_, vol. v. p. 57.) copied seventy-five\nof them, and Pococke and Montague give a few specimens. Seetzen,\nBurkhardt, and Henneker _saw_ them; and Niebuhr may be said to have been\nsent out expressly on their account, but the result was _nil_. Cosmus,\nMontfaucon, Neitzchitz, Monconys, Koischa, and others, mention them, and\nthey have been seen by a caravan of persons familiar with Arabic, Greek,\nHebrew, Syriac, Coptic, Latin, Armenian, Turkish, English, Illyrian,\nGerman, and Bohemian, to all of whom they were equally inexplicable.\nSince the discovery of Daguerre, we are placed in a position to obtain a\nreal _fac-simile_ of the whole of these inscriptions, at a small expense\nof time or money. Any person familiar with the use of the daguerrotype\n(the less learned the better) could now speedily furnish what the good\nBishop so fervently longed after, were he only provided with the small\nsum of a few hundred pounds to take him thither and bring back his\ninvaluable treasures. Although the Mocatteb are graven with an iron pen\nin the rock (Job xix. 24.), they are not everlasting, for the rains have\nhad some effect in obliterating them, being cut, not on granite, as was\nformerly thought, but on red sandstone. It is worth remark, that\nalthough Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, he\nrejected entirely the hieroglyphic system of writing, and that no\nmention or allusion is made to the art of writing till 1491 B.C., in Ex.\nxvii. 14.[1], just prior to the delivery of the law, and in\nconnection with the account of Jethro, his father-in-law; subsequently,\nconstant allusion is made to writing. There is only one reference to\nthis art in Homer (_Il._ z. 168.). The author of Job, who appears to\nhave had a much more enlarged knowledge of art and science than Moses,\nspeaks of the cutting and painting (for so the Arabic and Hebrew words\nshould be rendered, and not _printing_) on a roll, _i.e._ with the\n_style_ and _brush_; also of the cutting (_felling_) with a chisel (in\nArabic, a _digger_) on lead, or on a rock.[2]\n\n  [Footnote 1: \"Jehovah said to Moses, Write this as a memorandum on\n  a roll, and let it be read to Joshua, that I intend to obliterate\n  entirely the memory of Amalek here below. And Moses built an altar\n  and called it _Jehovah Nissi_ (Jehovah is my banner). The reason\n  he assigned for the name was that a hand (power) opposed to the\n  throne of Jah was (the cause of) Jehovah's perpetual warfare\n  against Amalek.\" This is the _sense_ of the Hebrew as it stands,\n  in the current language of our day, and not a copy of the words\n  merely,--an error, it is conceived, into which most of the\n  translators, from the Seventy downwards, have often fallen. If a\n  conjectural criticism might be offered, let [Hebrew: kaf], _caf_,\n  be inserted for [Hebrew: nun], _nun_, and instead of Jehovah\n  _Nissi_ (banner), read Jehovah _Cissi_, \"Jehovah is my _throne_;\"\n  then the reason assigned by Moses for the name becomes\n  intelligible, which it certainly is not in the existing text,\n  undoubtedly very ancient, being confirmed by the Samaritan.]\n\n  [Footnote 2: The word, correctly translated _for ever_, according\n  to the Masoretic system, means \"as a witness or testimony,\" if\n  pointed with _Tsereh_ instead of _Pathach_. The general sense of\n  this chapter, in some respects obscure, appears to be, \"I seek for\n  justice, but cannot obtain it. Every obstacle is put in my way.\n  Neither my own kindred nor servants obey me. Look at my most\n  wretched condition; although I call you friends, you all hate me.\n  You are not satisfied with persecuting my body, but you afflict my\n  soul also. Oh that I could make an impression upon you. I would\n  set forth my petition for relief from your persecutions on a roll,\n  on lead, or on a rock, as a constant memorial in testimony of my\n  sufferings and your hate; as I know that my Goel (Redeemer or\n  Avenger) lives, and will at length ascend from the dust (sand or\n  soil). (In his approach he raises a cloud of dust.) Then arise and\n  destroy this (memorial), for, living, I shall get a judgment on my\n  case, being personally present and not by representative, although\n  I may be hardly able to attend from mental anxiety. Then you will\n  say, why did we persecute him, we were all wrong. And you will\n  fear punishment because you will learn that justice must be\n  satisfied.\"\n\n  Divested of its highly poetic diction, the above gives the subject\n  matter in the vernacular.]\n\nThe examination of the copies of the inscriptions already in our\npossession will probably determine whether the language is hieroglyphic,\nsyllabic, or alphabetic. The principal point is to enumerate the\ncharacters found to be clearly distinct from each other. Should there be\nfound two to three hundred decidedly _distinct_ characters--assuming it\nto be one language and one uniform character of that language, for many\nnations (peoples) use more than one character--the language _\u00e0 priori_\nmust be _hieroglyphic_. If 70 to 90, it will be _syllabic_; but if only\n20 to 50, it may be safely concluded that it is alphabetic. The letters\ndistinct from each other may be less than 20, inasmuch as in the Arabic,\nmost probably the language which will solve this problem, one character\nrepresents several sounds, the points, usually omitted, alone\ndistinguishing the difference between _be_, _te_, _tse_, _nun_, and\n_jod_, between _jim_, _ha_ and _cha_, between _dal_ and _zal_, between\n_re_ and _se_, _sin_ and _shin_, _zad_ and _dad_, _fe_ and _kaf_, &c.\n&c. On the other hand, the language has increased the number of its\ncharacters, by distinguishing _initial_ from _medial_ and _terminal_\nletters, having retained only thirteen originally distinct characters in\nits alphabet.\n\nThe Ethiopic, written from left to right, has manifestly furnished the\nArabs with their cursive character, the one uniformly printed, written\nfrom right to left, or otherwise both have derived them from a common\nsource. Of the intimate relation early subsisting between the Ethiopians\nand their Shemitic congeners in Asia, one remarkable instance is the\nformer retaining to themselves exclusively \"the exalted horn,\" so often\nmentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the wearing of which has been long\nabandoned by every other family of that race.\n\n    T. J. BUCKTON.\n\n  Lichfield.\n\n\nADDITIONS TO CUNNINGHAM'S HAND-BOOK OF LONDON.\n\n_St. Stephen's Church, Walbrook._--Sir Robert Chicheley, alderman and\ntwice Lord Mayor of London, is said, in Wm. Ravenhill's _Short Account\nof the Company of Grocers from their Original_ (4to. Lond. 1689), to\nhave purchased the ground whereon St. Stephen's church stands, and to\nhave built, at his own charge, the church which was afterwards replaced\nby the edifice of Sir Christopher Wren. The founder was a member of that\ncompany, and to them he gave the advowson. He was the youngest of three\nbrothers, of whom the eldest was Henry Chicheley, Archbishop of\nCanterbury _temp._ Henry VI. The second brother was Sir William, who,\nlike Robert, was an alderman, and a member of the Grocers' Company. From\nthe younger brother, Robert, descended Sir Thomas Chicheley, who was\nMaster of the Ordnance and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the\nreign of Charles II.\n\n_Grocers' Hall._--In 1411 the custos or warden and brethren of the\nGrocers' Company purchased of Robert Lord Fitzwalter his mansion-house\nand lands, extending from near the Old Jewry to Walbrook in the centre\nof the city of London, for 320 marks, and soon afterwards laid the\nfoundation of their new Common-hall. In 1429 they had license to acquire\nlands of the value of 500 marks. There was \"a fair open garden behind,\nfor air and diversion, and before the house, within the gate, a large\ncourt-yard.\" The company, after the fire of London, rebuilt and enlarged\nthe old Hall, says Ravenhill in his _Account of the Grocers' Company_\n(Lond. 1689), \"with offices and accommodations far beyond any other\nplace, for the most commodious seat of the chief magistrate.\" (See Mr.\nCunningham's quotation from Strype, as to its civic uses.) King Charles\nII. accepted the office of Master of the Company, and they set up his\nstatue in the Royal Exchange. See Ravenhill's _Short Account of\nthe Company of Grocers_, and Howel's _Londinopolis_, fol. Lond. 1657.\n\n    W. S. G.\n\n  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 1851.\n\n\nRICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE, NO. II.\n\nOwing to my absence from England, I was unable to answer the Queries\nwhich were put to me (No 94., p. 116.) by your respected correspondent\nJ. E. The word _guistroun_ (as also _Salhanas_) was merely an error of\nthe press; and with respect to the others, I concur, for the most part,\nin the learned observations of MR. SINGER (No 96., p. 159.).\n_Quistroun_, it may be added, is found in a MS. chronicle quoted in the\npreface to the French version of _Havelok_, and with the explanation \"de\nsa quisyne.\" The singular form of _chaunsemlees_ is written\n_chauncemele_ in the _Promptuar. Parvul._, and rendered _subtelaris_,\nwhich, according to Ducange, would correspond exactly to _slipper_.\n\nI now beg to present your readers with a fresh series of extracts from\nthe same volume. The first, though rather long, will not easily bear\nabbreviation. It is somewhat in the style of Piers Ploughman, but\nearlier by several years. The subject is the unfaithfulness of the\nclergy in the former half of the fourteenth century:--\n\n      \"\u00deis word is mekil agen \u00feese clerkis\n      \u00de't schuld kenne lewid folk good werkis,\n      And gader hem to goddis hord\n      Wi\u00fe rightful lyf and goddis word.\n      Hem auhte \u00feinke if \u00feei wer wise\n      How \u00feei schul stonde at goddis assise,\n      And gelden acountes of all hir wit\n      How \u00feei in \u00fe'e world han spent it.\n      Lord what schul \u00feese persouns say\n      Whan \u00feei schul come on domys day\n      To gelde of al hir lyf acounte\n      And what hir rentis may amounte,\n      \u00deat \u00feei of lewid men take her\n      Hir soulis hele hem to ler,\n      And diden not so but lyued in lust\n      Of flesch, \u00fe't maki\u00fe \u00fe'e soule rust.\n      For riche persouns louen mor now\n      Flesch-liking mor \u00fean \u00fe'e soule prow [_i.e._ profit];\n      \u00feei wene to sewe cristis trace [_i.e._ follow His track]\n      Wi\u00fe hunting and w't \u00fe'e deer chace;\n      \u00deei fedin hir flesch wi\u00fe good mete\n      \u00de't lewid folk hem tilen and gete;\n      \u00deei lyuen on lewid folkis traueyle\n      And nouht to hem \u00feei auayle.\n      For ther \u00feei schuld w't sarmoun tille\n      \u00dee lewid folkis herte and wille\n      To right longing of heuene-riche bewhile,\n      Wi\u00fe wikkid example \u00feei hem begile:\n      For wikkid example \u00feei hem geue\n      In wikkednes alway for to leue.\n      For \u00feer \u00feei schuld hem meknes schewe\n      \u00deei schewe hem pride and vnthewe,\n      And ther \u00feei schulde teche hem dele\n      And parte w't god of hir catele,\n      Ther teche \u00feei hem wi\u00fe couetise\n      To spar hir good in euyl wise.\n      For we seen so these persouns spar\n      \u00de't \u00feei suffre pore men mysfar;\n      We see hem fayr grehoundis fede\n      And suffren \u00fe'e pore to deyen for nede,\n      And euyl example \u00feus \u00feei gyue\n      To hir pareschyns euyle to lyue.\n      For me \u00feinke\u00fe it is no ferly [_i.e._ wonder]\n      \u00deouh lewid folk lyue in foly,\n      Whan \u00feei seen prestis and persouns\n      Mistake agen god as felouns.\n      Goddis felouns I hem calle\n      \u00de't maki\u00fe man in synne falle,\n      Wi\u00fe example of euyl lyf\n      \u00de't is now in \u00feis world ful ryf.\n      \u00deerfor I rede persouns and prestis\n      \u00de't \u00feei ber god on hir brestis,\n      And \u00feenk how al hir mete and drink\n      Comi\u00fe of her pareschyns swink,\n      And teche \u00feei hem how \u00feat \u00feei\n      Schul toward heuene take \u00fe'e wei,\n      And after holde hem wel \u00feerinne\n      And kepe hem fro dedli synne.\n      For wel is hem \u00fe't wi\u00fe preching\n      Mai tele [_i.e._ allure] soulis to heuene king.\"\n\n2. Nor was the author of these sermons less severe in rebuking the\nfaults of the layman. The following is a specimen of his plain-spoken\nfervour:--\n\n      \"But crist of \u00fe't man seyth wites [_i.e._ reproaches]\n      \u00deat in sarmoun not delytes.\n      For many folis heren a sarmoun\n      Wi\u00fe outen ony deuocioun;\n      \u00de't is in Englisch loue-longing,\n      \u00de't auhte of mannes herte spring\n      Toward \u00fe'e blisse \u00fe't lasti\u00fe ay,\n      And not toward \u00fe'e worldis play.\n      But sum men sitten at sarmoun\n      \u00de't wer better ben atte toun;\n      On worldis wele \u00feink \u00feei so mekil\n      \u00de't is deceyuabil fals and fekil,\n      \u00deat sarmoun sauoureth hem nouht\n      So is hir herte menyng (?) in \u00feouht.\n      And sum other seli gomes\n      \u00de't for to her sarmoun comes,\n      And goddis word so litil kepi\u00fe\n      \u00de't at \u00fe'e preching manye slepi\u00fe:\n      At goddis word \u00feei ben sleping\n      And at \u00fe'e tauerne hous waking:\n      At lyche-wake [_i.e._ corpse-watching] and sinful plawes,\n      \u00deei ben waking til \u00fe'e day dawes,\n      But whan \u00feei come sarmoun to her\n      \u00deei ben so heuy and so swer,\n      \u00de't hir heuedis \u00feei may not hold vp\n      But hongen it in \u00fe'e fendis cup.\"\n\n3. Yet with regard to one class of questions, the tongue of the preacher\nwas restrained. After touching the subject of confession and the frailty\nof some confessors, he adds in a significant way:\n\n      \"Of \u00feis mater coude I sey mar,\n      But God wod \u00fe't I ne dar,\n      For beter is skilful pes to holde\n      \u00dean in speche ben to bolde.\"\n\n4. The following extract will not fail to interest the student of\nprophecy:--\n\n      \"Get wone ful many iewis thore, [_i.e._ in captivity]\n      And so schul \u00feei don euer more,\n      Til ageyn domes day,\n      \u00dean schul \u00feei \u00feens out-stray,\n      And ouer al \u00feer \u00feei go\n      Cristen folk schul \u00feei slo;\n      And \u00feei schul receyue antecrist\n      And wene \u00fe't he be ih[=u] crist;\n      And sone after comi\u00fe domes day,\n      As we in prophecye her say.\"\n\n5. The last passage I shall cite is a curious exposition of the First\nCommandment (p. 455.):--\n\n  \"\u00de'e first heste is \u00feis: \u00deu schalt worschipen \u00dei lord god & him\n  alone seruyn. In \u00fe't heste is forboden to don any sacrifice to\n  mawmettis or worschipe to fals goddis. In \u00fe't heste also is\n  forboden al maner wicchecraftis, enchauntementis, wi\u00fe seruys and\n  markis and al manere experimentis, coniuraciouns, as men wone to\n  do and maken for thynges i-stolen, in bacynes, in swerdis and in\n  certeyn names wreten and enclosed, holi water and holi candel and\n  o\u00feere manye maneris whiche ben nought good to neuene. In \u00fe't heste\n  also is forboden al maner iogelyng and for to tellyn of \u00feing \u00fe't\n  is to comen, be sterres and planets, or be metell, or be destene,\n  or be schynynge of \u00fe'e pawme of mannes hond or eny o\u00feere maneris.\n  For \u00feei aproperen to man \u00feing \u00fe't oneliche falle\u00fe to god, to witen\n  of \u00feinges \u00fe't arn to come,\" &c.\n\n    C. H.\n\n  St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.\n\n\nA FUNERAL IN HAMBURGH.\n\nMR. GATTY'S observations (Vol. iii., p. 499.) regarding the funeral of\nan Irish labourer, have reminded me that while on a visit some years ago\nto a brother in the city of Hamburgh, we one Sunday spent the day with a\nworthy pastor of a small village a few miles from that city, where we\nwent early enough to attend morning service in the village church; and\nin the afternoon, while indulging with our pipes and coffee in an alcove\nin the pastor's garden, I observed a funeral approach the churchyard\ngate, and understanding that the ceremony was different to what I had\nbeen accustomed to, I laid down my pipe and walked into the churchyard\nto observe what passed, and my movement induced my brother and another\nor two to become spectators also. The funeral party having arranged\nthemselves at the entrance, the ceremony commenced as follows. The\nparish clerk or verger walked first, having a lemon in one hand and a\nbunch of evergreen in the other; he was followed by six choristers or\nsinging boys, then six men as bearers carrying the coffin, and after\nthem the mourners and other attendants. As soon as the cavalcade moved\noff, the clerk or verger gave out a strophe of some psalm or hymn, which\nhe and the boys chanted while moving round the churchyard; and thus\nchanting they followed a green path, which I discovered was kept close\nmown for the purpose; and I observed our worthy pastor had joined the\ncavalcade, though alone, and at some little distance from the mourners.\nI understood it was customary thus to move three times round, but being\na very sultry afternoon, the party made two turns serve, when coming to\nthe open grave the bearers let down the coffin into it, and then another\nstrophe was chanted, which ended, the mourners took a last look at the\ncoffin, and silently dropped their sprigs of evergreen upon it; the\nbearers then each took a spade, already provided for them, and quickly\nfilled up the grave, and adjusted its form, when the funeral party\nreturned silently home as they came. The pastor had now retreated again\nto the alcove in his garden, where we soon joined him, and he told me\nthat as we had gone to witness the ceremony, it would have been thought\ndisrespectful had he not also shown himself, though it did not appear\nthat his attendance was necessary. The general practice here observed of\nthe bearers filling up the grave, shows that the Irish labourers had\nsome more general custom for their practice than MR. GATTY appears to be\naware of.\n\n    W. S. HESLEDEN.\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_The Baker's Daughter._--_Ophelia_ (Act IV. Sc. 5.) says that\n\n    \"The owl was a baker's daughter.\"\n\nThis reminds me of a Welsh tradition concerning the female who refused a\nbit of dough from the oven to the Saviour \"when He hungered,\" and was\nchanged into _Cassek gwenwyn_, [Hebrew: Lilith] _lilish_[TR: Lilith],\n_lamia_, _strix_, the night spectre, _mara_, or screech-owl.\n\n    G. M.\n\n_\"Pray remember the Grotto\" on St. James's Day_ (Vol. i., p. 5.).--The\ninteresting note with which MR. WILLIAM J. THOMS presented the firstborn\nof \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" may perhaps admit of a postscript, borrowed from\none of Mr. Jerdan's well-deserving pupils, the _Literary Gazette_\nfor 1822:\n\n  \"I am inclined to believe that the illuminated grottos of\n  oyster-shells for which the London children beg about the streets,\n  are the representatives of some Catholic emblem which had its day,\n  as a substitute for a more classical idol. I was struck in London\n  with the similarity of the plea which the children of both\n  countries urge in order to obtain a halfpenny. The 'It is but once\n  a year, sir!' often reminded me of the\n\n            'La Cruz de Mayo\n            Que no come ni bebe\n            En todo el ano.'\n\n      'The Cross of May,\n      Remember pray,\n      Which fasts a year and feasts a day.'\"\n\n  _Letters from Spain._ By Don Leucadio Doblado.\n\nThis to prove that I _did_ remember the grotto.\n\n    * & ?\n\n  Manpadt House.\n\n_The King's Evil._--One Mr. Bacon of Ferns, being an one-and-twentieth\nson born in wedlock, without a daughter intervening, has performed\nprodigious cures in the king's evil and scrofulous cases, by stroking\nthe part with his hand. (_The Gentleman's Magazine_ for December 1731,\np. 543.)\n\n    * & ?\n\n_Bees._--Being at a neighbour's house about a month ago, the\nconversation turned upon the death of a mutual acquaintance a short time\nprior to my visit. A venerable old lady present asked, with great\nearnestness of manner, \"Whether Mr. R.'s bees had been informed of his\ndeath?\" (Our friend R. had been a great bee-keeper.) No one appeared to\nbe able to answer the old lady's question satisfactorily, whereat she\nwas much concerned, and said, \"Well, if the bees were not told of Mr.\nR's death they would leave their hives, and never return. Some people\ngive them a piece of the funeral cake; I don't think that is absolutely\nnecessary, but certainly it is better to tell them of the death.\" Being\nshortly afterwards in the neighbourhood of my deceased friend's\nresidence, I went a little out of my way to inquire after the bees. Upon\nwalking up the garden I saw the industrious little colony at full work.\nI learned, upon inquiring of the housekeeper, that the bees had been\nproperly informed of Mr. R.'s death.\n\nI was struck with the singularity of this specimen of folk-lore, and\nfollowed up the subject with further inquiries amongst my acquaintance.\nI found that in my own family, upon the death of my mother, some\nfive-and-twenty years ago, the bees were duly informed of the event. A\nlady friend also told me, that twenty years ago, when she was at school,\nthe father of her school-mistress died, and on that occasion the bees\nwere made acquainted with his death, and regaled with some of the\nfuneral cake.\n\nI wish to know whether this custom prevails in any other, and what part\nof England, and to what extent?\n\n    L. L. L.\n\n  North Lincolnshire.\n\n\nTHE CAXTON COFFER.\n\nReflecting on the extreme rarity of the works which issued from the\npress of Caxton, the question arises, What number of copies was he\naccustomed to print? On that point, as it seems, we have only\nconjectures.\n\nMaittaire assumes that the number was about 200; an opinion which I\nshall not controvert. Dibdin, however, inclines to think, with regard to\n_The golden legend_ and other works of the same class, \"that at least\n400 copies were struck off;\" and in support of this conjecture, cites\nthe practice of Sweynheym and Pannartz, as proved by the memorial\naddressed in their behalf to Sixtus IV., by J. Andrea, bishop of Aleria,\nin 1472, which practice he thus states:--\n\n  \"If we are to judge from the celebrated list of the number of\n  copies of the different works printed by those indefatigable\n  typographical artists, Sweynheym and Pannartz, it would appear\n  that 275 was the usual number of copies of a particular work;\n  although sometimes they ventured to strike off as many as 550;\n  and, twice, not fewer than 1100 copies.\"\n\nNow, our renowned bibliographer misinterprets the important document\nwhich he cites. Sweynheym and Pannartz printed 300 copies of a\n_Donatus_, and the same number of a _Speculum vit\u00e6 human\u00e6_, and of two\nmore works. In all other cases, each impression of the works which\nproceeded from their press consisted of only 275 copies. The words\n_Volumina quingenta quinquaginta_ refer to works of which two editions\nwere published, or which were in two volumes; and the words _Volumina\nmille centum_, to a work of which there were two editions of two volumes\neach. So the conjecture of Dibdin loses its best support.\n\nAs Sweynheym and Pannartz printed only 275 copies of the works of such\nauthors as St. Augustin and St. Jerome, of C\u00e6sar, Cicero, Livy, Ovid,\nQuinctilian, and Virgil--works which must have found purchasers in all\nparts of Europe--it is rather improbable that Caxton should have\nventured to exceed that number with respect to books for which, being\nchiefly translations, there could be no demand beyond the shores of\nEngland.\n\n    BOLTON CORNEY.\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Braham Moor._--The following _remarkable_ account of this place by John\nWatson, Esq., of Malton, in the year 1781, may be interesting to some of\nthe readers of your paper. Braham is situated five miles S.W. of\nTadcaster, and close to, and in, the remains of the old Roman road\ncalled \"Watling Street:\"--\n\n  \"Upon the middle of this moor a man may see ten miles around him;\n  within those ten miles there is as much free stone as would build\n  ten cities as large as York; within those ten miles there is as\n  much good oak timber as would build those ten cities; there is as\n  much limestone, and coals to burn it into lime, as the building of\n  those ten cities would require; there is also as much clay and\n  sand, and coals to burn them into bricks and tiles, as would build\n  those ten cities; within those ten miles there are two iron forges\n  sufficient to furnish iron for the building of those ten cities,\n  and 10,000 tons to spare; within those ten miles there is lead\n  sufficient for the ten cities, and 10,000 fodders to spare; within\n  those ten miles there is a good coal seam sufficient to furnish\n  those ten cities with firing for 10,000 years; within those ten\n  miles there are three navigable rivers, from any part of which a\n  man may take shipping and sail to any part of the world; within\n  those ten miles there are _seventy_ gentlemen's houses, all\n  _keeping coaches_, and the least of them an esquire, and ten parks\n  and forests well stocked with deer; within those ten miles are ten\n  market towns, one of which may be supposed to return 10,000_l._\n  per week.\"\n\n    CHAS. W. MARKHAM.\n\n  Becca Hall, Tadcaster.\n\n_Portraits of Burke._--Through the kindness of a friend I have just\nexamined what I take to be an interesting and curious work of art, viz.,\na miniature of the great Edmund Burke, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds,\nand said to be the _only miniature_ he ever painted. It is a small oval\nof ivory executed in water colours, and represents him past the meridian\nof life, his hair combed back from his ample forehead, and powdered; the\ncoat (according to the fashion of the day) without a collar, and, as\nwell as the waistcoat, of a chocolate colour; a white stock, and the\nshirt frill of lace; the features, although retaining great animation\nand intelligence, are round and plump. The painting is carefully and\ndelicately finished. The same friend also possesses another miniature of\nthe same right honourable gentleman (artist unknown), deserving notice:\nit is in a much larger oval, and drawn in coloured crayons. This\nlikeness represents the statesman at a much earlier period of life, and\nis most exquisitely executed: his fine auburn hair in natural waves, if\nI may use the expression, is also thrown off the face, the features\nrather sharp, the nose prominent, the eyes brilliant, the lips\nbeautifully expressed, and, on the whole, one of the most highly\nfinished specimens of this style I ever saw: the costume the same as\nthat already described, the colour being a snuff-brown. In this\nportrait, a black ribbon crosses the lace frill, indicating the presence\nof an eye-glass, an appendage not observable in portraits taken later in\nlife. The lady who owns these paintings is the widow of a gentleman\nlately deceased, who being related to, was brought up under the\nguardianship of this great man, and was by him introduced into public\nlife; circumstances which prove the authenticity of the works thus\nbriefly described.\n\n    M. W. B.\n\n  Bruges, Sept. 26, 1851.\n\n\n\n\nQueries.\n\n\nGENERAL JAMES WOLFE, WHO FELL AT QUEBEC.\n\nA short time ago I accidentally became possessed of a small packet of\nautograph letters, by this distinguished man, to a very intimate friend\nand brother officer. These letters were found in an old military chest,\nwhich had belonged to the latter. They are twelve in number; the first\nis dated Glasgow, 2d April, 1749, and the last, Salisbury, 1st December,\n1758, on the eve of his embarkation with the memorable expedition\nagainst Quebec. The letters are written in a small and remarkably neat\nhand, and Wolfe's seal is still adhering to some of them. They contain\nmuch honourable sentiment, and proofs of a warm generous heart.\n\nThe perusal of these curious letters, and their allusions to passing\nincidents, have excited a desire to become better acquainted with the\ndetails of Wolfe's personal history; but in this I experience\nconsiderable difficulty, from the meagreness with which his biographers\nappear to have treated the subject. I shall accordingly feel much\nobliged by any of your military, or other correspondents, favouring me\nwith references to the fullest and best account of this distinguished\nofficer. I am anxious to obtain information, in particular, on the\nfollowing points.\n\n1. Wolfe's family connexions? I am aware who his father was, but should\nlike to know if the former had any brothers or sisters, and who is the\npresent representative? What was his mother's name and family?\n\n2. Where was Wolfe educated? In one of the letters he mentions that he\nwas taken from his studies at fifteen, and entered the army at that\nearly age.\n\n3. The different regiments in which he held a commission, with his rank\nin each, the steps and date of promotion?\n\n4. His _first_ and subsequent military services?\n\n5. How long was he stationed in Scotland, on what duty, and in what\nplaces?\n\n6. In particular, was he engaged in the formation of any of the military\nroads in that country, _when_ and _where_?\n\n7. Did he serve in Scotland during the rebellion of 1745-46, and was he\npresent at the battle of Culloden? If so, in what regiment, and with\nwhat rank?\n\n8. Are there any good portraits of Wolfe extant, and where are they to\nbe seen?\n\n9. Was his body brought to England, and are memorials of him preserved,\nsuch as his sword, pistols, &c.? His spurs were lately in the possession\nof a gentleman near Glasgow.\n\n    [Ezh.]\n\n\nWALKER'S SUFFERINGS OF THE CLERGY.\n\nIs it the intention of the Ecclesiastical History Society to publish a\nnew edition of Walker's _Sufferings of the Clergy_? At the time when the\nsociety was instituted it was on the list of works to be published by\nthem.\n\nSurely, if that is the case, somewhat might be done to correct the many\ninaccuracies, and, in other ways, increase the value of a work which has\npreserved the memory of some of the most exalted acts of Christian\nheroism that England has ever witnessed.\n\nWill the editor of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" open his pages to receive notes\nand corrections for a future edition of _The Sufferings of the Clergy_?\n\n    DRYASDUST.\n\n  [It is believed that the trading speculation, miscalled a Society,\n  has ended with considerable loss to both undertakers and\n  subscribers; and is not likely to publish any more of the works\n  which figured in its rhodomontade prospectus. Certainly it is very\n  desirable that there should be a new, careful, and critical\n  edition of Walker; and any assistance which can be rendered by\n  \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" will be at the service of anybody who will\n  undertake such a work. It would be well, however (and it is\n  mentioned here with general reference to all such cases, though it\n  is particularly applicable to the present), if the learned doctor\n  would specify some mode by which the readers of \"NOTES AND\n  QUERIES\", may address him directly. The Editor suggests this, not\n  to save himself trouble, or because he grudges room (or rather\n  would grudge room if he had it) for many voluminous and important\n  communications, which would be very valuable to the Doctor, but\n  which, from length, and want of general interest, could not be\n  inserted in this little work. It is probable that he would by this\n  mode obtain many communications which the writers would not send\n  to \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" from being aware that they could not be\n  inserted. There would be nothing in this to prevent his\n  maintaining his incognito; and, therefore, the Editor ventures to\n  request his correspondents to send to \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" anything\n  that is brief, and may promise to be of general interest; and to\n  address anything which may be more voluminous to DR. DRYASDUST, at\n  our publisher's, No. 186. Fleet Street.]\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n207. _Colonies in England._--Can any of your correspondents give me any\ninformation about a colony of Spaniards said to exist at Brighton; of\nFlemings in Pembrokeshire; of Frisians in Lancashire; of Moors in (I\nthink) Staffordshire; and of some Scandinavian race, with dark eyes and\ndark hair, at Yarmouth in Norfolk. I should feel thankful for the\nmention of other colonies besides these, if any more exist, as I believe\nmany do, in other parts of England.\n\n    THEOPHYLACT.\n\n208. _Buxtorf's Translation of the \"Treatise on Hebrew Accents,\" by\nElias Levita._--John Buxtorf the elder, in his _Bibliotheca Rabbinica_\n(printed along with his useful book _De Abbreviaturis Hebraicis_: Basil,\n1630), p. 345., speaking of the curious and valuable work on the Hebrew\nAccents, by R. Elias Levita, called\n\n      [Hebrew: Sefer Tuv Ta'am],\n\nsays, \"Habemus cum Latine a nobis translatum.\"\n\nCan any of your readers inform me whether this translation was ever\nprinted; and, if not, whether the MS. of it is known to exist?\n\n    JAMES H. TODD.\n\n  Trin. Coll. Dublin.\n\n209. _The Name \"Robert.\"_--Can any of your readers offer any suggestions\nas to how the name \"Robert,\" and its various diminutives, became\nconnected with so much diablerie?\n\nBesides the host of _hob_-goblins, _hob_-thrush, _hob_-with-the-lantern,\nand the Yorkshire _Dobbies_, we have those two mysterious wights _Robin_\nHood and _Robin_ Goodfellow, and \"superstitious favourite\" the _Robin_\nRedbreast. It is a term also frequently applied to idiotcy (invariably\namong our lower orders linked with the idea of super-naturalism).\n_Hobbil_ in the northern and _Dobbin_ in the midland districts of\nEngland are terms used to denote a heavy, torpid fellow. The French\n_Robin_ was formerly used in the same sense.\n\n    SAXONICUS.\n\n210. _Meaning of \"Art'rizde.\"_--In Halliwell's _Archaic Dictionary_, p.\n821. col. 2., there is a quotation from Middleton's _Epigrams and\nSatyres_, 1608. Will you, or any of your readers, be kind enough to\ninform me what is the meaning of the word \"Art'rizde\" which occurs in the\nquotation, and also give some information as to the book from which it\nis quoted? Dyce professes to publish _all_ of Middleton's known works,\nbut in his edition (1840) there are no epigrams to be found.\n\n    QU\u00c6SO.\n\n211. _Sir William Griffith of North Wales._--Elizabeth, daughter of\nWilliam Fiennes, Constable of Dover Castle, who was slain at the battle\nof Barnet, 10 Edw. IV., married, according to the pedigrees of Fiennes,\n\"_Sir William Griffith, of North Wales, Knt._\" It appears there were\nseveral persons of this name, and one styled Chamberlain of North Wales,\nbut no such wife is given to him. Can any of your Welsh genealogists\n_identify_ the Sir William Griffith by reference to any evidence or\nauthorities, manuscript or otherwise, which state the marriage, and show\nwhether Elizabeth Fiennes had any issue?\n\n    G.\n\n212. _The Residence of William Penn._--I have been informed that Chatham\nHouse, opposite the barracks at Knightsbridge, was the residence of\nPenn. This house was built in 1688; it had formerly large garden grounds\nattached both in front and behind. Another account informed me that a\nhouse, now known as the \"Rising Sun,\" was the honoured spot. This house\nhas only of late years been turned into a public-house; it is of neat\nappearance, and the date of 1611 is, or was till lately, to be seen at\nthe two extremes of the copings. Query, Can either of these houses be\npointed out with certainty as having been the residence of the great\nQuaker, and, if so, which? Why was the first-mentioned house called\nChatham House?\n\n    H. G. D.\n\n213. _Martial's Distribution of Hours._--\n\n      \"Prima salutantes atque altera continet hora;\n        Exercet raucos tertia causidicos.\n      In quintam varios extendit Roma labores,\n        Sexta quies lassis ----\"\n\n      Martial, iv. 8.\n\nThese lines are the forenoon portion of Martial's well-known\ndistribution of hours and occupation.\n\nTaking these hours then, for the sake of simplification, at the equinox,\nwhen they assimilate in length to our modern hours and assuming it as\ngranted that \"_quies lassis_\" refers to the noon-tide siesta, and\ntherefore that \"_sexta_\" cannot signify any time previous to our twelve\no'clock, or noon, I wish to ask the classical readers of \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\"--\n\n1st. How far into the day are we carried by the expression \"_in\nquintam_?\"\n\n2nd. If no farther than to a point equivalent to our eleven o'clock,\nA.M., in what way is the vacant hour between that point and _sexta_, or\nnoon, accounted for by Martial?\n\n    A. E. B.\n\n  Leeds.\n\n214. _Moonlight._--A sermon of Dr. Pusey's contains the following\nbeautiful illustrations of the danger of much knowledge and little\npractice:\n\n  \"The pale cold light of the moon, which enlightens but warns not,\n  putrifies what it falls upon.\"\n\nWill any one inform me whether this is a physical truth, or only an\nallowable use of a popular opinion?\n\n    PHILIP HEDGELAND.\n\n215. _Ash-sap given to new-born Children._--Lightfoot, in his _Flora\nScotia_, vol. ii. p. 642., says--\n\n  \"That in many parts of Scotland (the Highlands), at the birth of a\n  child the nurse or midwife puts one end of a great stick of the\n  ash-tree into the fire, and while it is burning receives into a\n  spoon the sap or juice which oozes out at the other end, and\n  administers this as the first spoonfuls of liquor to the new-born\n  babe.\"--Phillip's _Sylva Flora_.\n\nWhy?\n\n    G. CREED.\n\n216. _Cockney._--In John Minshieu's _Ductor in Linguas_, published in\n1617, the origin of this word is thus explained:--\n\n  \"That a citizen's son riding with his father out of London into\n  the country, and being a novice and merely ignorant how corn and\n  cattle increased, asked, when he heard a horse neigh, what the\n  horse did? His father answered, the horse doth neigh. Riding\n  further he heard a cock crow, and said, doth the _cock neigh_\n  too?\"\n\nI should not have troubled you with this story had I not been anxious to\nascertain the real origin of the word \"Cockney,\" about which Johnson\nseems to have been nearly as much in the dark as I am. For any other and\nmore rational explanation I shall be much obliged, as well as by being\ninformed from what source Minshieu derived this story of a cock and a\nhorse, which I am confident I have met with elsewhere, and which is\nprobably familiar to many of your readers.\n\n    H. C.\n\n  Workington.\n\n217. _Full Orders._--This term is well understood to mean those orders\nconferred in the church which elevate a deacon to the rank of a priest,\ncapable of a full and entire performance of the duties of the Christian\nministry. An interesting point has recently been stirred afresh,\ntouching the validity of any ministerial commission which does not draw\nits authority from the imposition of episcopal hands. I am not proposing\nto start a controversial question, unsuited to the quiet and pleasant\npages of \"NOTES AND QUERIES;\" but there branches out from this question\na Query solely relating to the Church of England, and involving no\ndispute; and therefore I beg to ask, whether our church holds that a\nbishop can confer the full orders of the priesthood without any\nconcomitant laying on of the hands of the presbytery? The rubric in the\noffice for the Ordering of Priests, says, \"_The Bishop with the Priests\npresent shall lay their hands severally upon the head of every one that\nreceiveth the order of Priesthood_:\" and the Bishop then says, \"Receive\nthe Holy Ghost for the office and work of a Priest in the Church of God,\nnow committed unto thee by the imposition of our hands,\" &c. Is, then,\nthe aid of the priests _essential_ to the due performance of the rite?\nDoes the expression \"_our_ hands\" mean both bishop's and priests' hands,\nas the joint instruments of conveying authority to do the work and\noffice of a priest? Is there any instance of an Anglican bishop\nordaining a priest without assistance? I am aware that Beveridge\nconsiders that the bishop's hands alone are sufficient; that it has\nnever been the practice in the Greek or the Eastern churches for priests\nto take a part in the ceremony of conferring \"full orders;\" and that the\ncustom of their doing so is referred to a decree of the Council of\nCarthage, A.D. 398, which says, \"When a priest is ordained, the\nbishop blessing him and laying the hand upon his head, let all the\npriests also, that are present, hold their hands upon his head, by the\nhands of the bishop.\" Without the slightest reference to which is really\nthe orthodox method, I would merely ask, whether the Church of England\ncould _legally_ forego the intervention of the priests, just as the\nChurch of Scotland dispenses with the aid of bishops in the act of\nconferring \"full orders?\"\n\n    ALFRED GATTY.\n\n218. _Earwig._--Can any correspondent furnish a derivation of _ear-wig_\nsuperior to the ones in vogue?\n\n    [Greek: AX\u00d4N.]\n\n219. _The Soul's Errand._--I will thank any one to tell me on what\ngrounds the stanzas called the _Soul's Errand_ are reported to have been\nwritten by Sir Walter Raleigh the night before his execution. The first\nstanza is (memoriter)--\n\n      \"Go, soul, the body's guest,\n        Upon a thankless errant!\n      Fear not to touch the best,\n        The truth shall be thy warrant.\n          Go, since I needs must die,\n          And give the world the lie.\"\n\nIt will be satisfactory to hear at the same time in what work they are\nto be found. A nobleman of high rank is said to have them engraved on a\nsilver table of the period.\n\n    \u00c6GROTUS.\n\n\nMinor Queries Answered.\n\n_Call a Spade, a Spade._--What is the origin of the common saying _to\ncall a spade, a spade_? Is it an old proverb or a quotation? In a letter\nof Melancthon's to Archbishop Cranmer respecting the formularies of the\nAnglican Church, dated May 1st, 1548, the following sentence occurs,\nwhich seems to be another form of it:--\n\n  \"In Ecclesi\u00e2 rectius, _scapham, scapham dicere_; nec objicere\n  posteris ambigua dicta.\"\n\nIs _scapham, scapham dicere_, I would also ask, a classical quotation,\nor a modern Latin version of the other expression?\n\n    W. FRASER.\n\n  [Mr. Halliwell, in his _Dictionary_, says, \"The phrase _To call a\n  spade a spade_ is applied to giving a person his real character or\n  qualities. Still in use.\" \"I am plaine, I must needs call _a spade\n  a spade_, a pope a pope.\"--_Mar-Prelate's Epitome_, p. 2.]\n\n_Prince Rupert's Drops._--At the risk of being thought somewhat\nignorant, I beg for enlightenment with regard to the following passage\nextracted from a late number of _Household Words_:--\n\n  \"Now the first production of an author, if only three lines long,\n  is usually esteemed as a sort of Prince Rupert's Drop, which is\n  destroyed entirely if a person make on it but a single scratch.\"\n\nIf you, or some of your correspondents, would not think this too trivial\na matter to notice, and would inform me what the allusion to \"Prince\nRupert's Drop\" refers to, I should be very much obliged.\n\n    YRAM.\n\n  [For the history of Prince Rupert's Drops our correspondent is\n  referred to our 100th Number, p. 234. These philosophical toys,\n  which exhibit in the most perfect manner the effects of expansion\n  and contraction in melted glass, are made by letting drops of\n  melted glass fall into cold water. Each drop assumes an oval form\n  with a tail or neck resembling a retort; and possesses this\n  singular property, that if a small portion of the tail is broken\n  off the whole bursts into powder with an explosion, and a\n  considerable shock is communicated to the hand that grasps it.]\n\n_\"Worse than a Crime.\"_--Who first remarked, with reference to the\nmurder of the Duc D'Enghien by Napoleon, \"It was worse than a crime, it\nwas a blunder?\"\n\n    T. ALLASON.\n\n  Furnival's Inn, Oct. 3. 1851.\n\n  [This saying has always been attributed to Talleyrand; and it is\n  so clearly the remark of a clever politician, but lax moralist,\n  that we have little doubt it has been very justly appropriated to\n  that distinguished sayer of good things.]\n\n_Arbor Lowe, Stanton Moor, Ayre Family._--Can any of your readers oblige\nme with information respecting the Druidical remains at Arbor Lowe and\nStanton Moor, in the Peak of Derbyshire? I am unable to find any but\nmeagre notices; and in one or two so-called histories of Derbyshire,\nthey are only casually mentioned. Also any particulars concerning the\nold family of the Ayres, who formerly lived at Birchever, and whose\nhouse still stands in a very ruinous condition at the foot of the Routor\nRocks?\n\nI have heard that some very singular histories are connected with the\nfamily.\n\n    H.\n\n  [Arbor Lowe and Stanton Moor will be found very fully described by\n  that indefatigable Derbyshire antiquary Mr. Bateman, in his\n  _Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire_, published in 1848.]\n\n_Bishop of Worcester \"On the Sufferings of Christ.\"_--Who was the Bishop\nof Worcester about the year 1697? I have a book by him _On the\nSufferings of Christ_, and it only states by Edward Bishop of Worcester.\nI presume it is Dr. Stillingfleet.\n\n    [Greek: Sigma.]\n\n  [This work is by Bishop Stillingfleet; the first edition was\n  published in 1696, and Part II. in 1700, the year following the\n  Bishop's death.]\n\n_Lord Clifford._--Is the present Lord Clifford lineally descended from\nthe Lord Clifford who was Lord High Treasurer _temp._ Charles II., or\nwhether he derives through any collateral branch?\n\n    CLERICUS.\n\n  [The present Lord Clifford, the eighth baron, is lineally\n  descended from Thomas first Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, who was\n  so created 22nd April, 1672.]\n\n_Latin Translation of Sarpi's Council of Trent._--Can any one inform me\nwho translated this into Latin? I have a copy of an early edition,\nwithout printer's name or place of publication, and with the fictitious\nname _Petri Suavis Polani_; an anagram, though not an accurate one, of\n_Pauli, Sarpis, Veneti_. The date is 1622, and over it is the device of\na man under a tree, round which a vine twines, with \"non solus\" on a\nscroll. At the foot of the title-page is a MS. note in the handwriting\nof Rev. Francis Boult, who was a dissenting minister in Shrewsbury about\na hundred years ago. It would enable those who have access to public\nlibraries (which I have not) to answer the question above proposed. _Si\nscire cupias quis interpres hanc historiam ex Italico in Latinum\nsermonem verterit, consula opusculum Degorii Wheare, Relectiones\nHyamales vocatum pag. 219 et 220._\n\n    E. H. D. D.\n\n  [This is the first edition of the very inaccurate Latin\n  translation of Sarpi's _Council of Trent_. The first two chapters\n  were translated by Sir Adam Newton, and the last two by William\n  Bedell, afterwards Bishop of Kilmore.]\n\n_Livery Stables._--What is the meaning of _livery_ stables, and when\nwere they first so called?\n\n    J. C. W.\n\n  [_Livery_, i.e. _delivery_, from the French _livrer_, to deliver.\n  To the origin of this word (says Junius) these words of Chaucer\n  allude, \"that is the conisance of my _livery_, to all my Servants\n  _delivered_.\" Richardson also gives the following quotation from\n  Spenser explanatory of it:--\"What _livery_ is, wee by common use\n  in England know well enough, namely, that it is allowance of\n  horse-meate, as they commonly use the word in stabling, as to\n  keepe horses at _livery_:--the which word, I guesse, is derived of\n  _livering_ or delivering forth their nightly foode. So in great\n  houses the livery is said to be served up for all night, that is,\n  their evening's allowance for drinke. And livery is also called\n  the upper weede which a serving man weareth, so called (as I\n  suppose) for that it was delivered and taken from him at\n  pleasure.\"--_Spenser on Ireland._]\n\n\n\n\nReplies.\n\n\nMABILLON'S CHARGE AGAINST THE SPANISH CLERGY.--CAMPANELLA AND\nADAMI.--WILKES MSS.\n\nIt may seem a little too late to notice a criticism nearly two years\nold; but, though I had casually looked at \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" it is but\nlately that I have, with very great pleasure, read through the volumes\nwhich have appeared. I was therefore ignorant of some remarks relating\nto myself, which from time to time have been made. Greatly as I am open\nto the charge of too frequent inaccuracy in what I have published, I can\ndefend myself from some strictures of your correspondents.\n\nThe first of these is contained in a letter signed CANTAB (Vol. i., p.\n51.), and relates to a passage in my _History of the Middle Ages_, where\nI have said, on the authority of Mabillon, \"Not one priest in a thousand\nin Spain, about the age of Charlemagne, could address a common letter of\nsalutation to another.\" CANTAB produces the passage in Mabillon, which\ncontains exactly what I have said; but assigns as a reason for it, that\nthe Christians, that is, the clergy, had wholly devoted themselves to\nthe study of Arabic and Hebrew books. And this excuse CANTAB accepts.\n\"They were devoting all their energies to Arabic and Chaldean science,\nand in their pursuit of it neglected other literature. A similar remark\nmight be made respecting many distinguished members of the university to\nwhich I belong.\" In order to make this a parallel case, it should be\nasserted, not that many senior wranglers would be at a loss in a Greek\nchorus, but that they cannot write a good English letter. CANTAB seems\nto forget, that in the age of Charlemagne, all that was necessary\ntowards writing a Latin letter in Spain was to substitute regular\ngrammar for the corrupt _patois_, the _lingua Romana rustica_, which was\nsoon to become Castilian. The truth is, that the reasons assigned by\nMabillon's authority, whoever it might be, is wholly incredible. I am\nnot convinced that it was more than a sarcasm on the ignorance which it\naffects to excuse. Does CANTAB believe that the whole body of the\nSpanish clergy relinquished at once, not other literature, but the most\nelementary knowledge, for the sake of studying Arabic and Chaldee books?\nAnd this is not alleged to have been for the purpose of converting Moors\nand Jews, but as a literary pastime. They are expressly said to have\nneglected the Scriptures. The object that I had in view was to show the\ngeneral ignorance of various nations in those ages and this charge of\nignorance, as to what lay most open to the Spanish clergy, would hardly\nbe alleviated, even if it were true, that some of them had taken to the\nstudy of Arabic.\n\nAnother criticism in Vol. i., p. 435., relating to what I have said in\n_Hist. of Literature_, vol. iii. p. 149. (1st edition), concerning\nCampanella and Adami, is better founded, though your correspondent C. is\nhimself not wholly accurate. I have said of Tobias Adami, that he\n\"dedicated to the philosophers of Germany his own _Prodromus Philosophi\u00e6\nInstaurand\u00e6_ (Instaur_atio_ is, of course, an error of the press),\nprefixed to his edition of Campanella's _Compendium de Rerum Natur\u00e2_,\npublished at Frankfort in 1617.\" C. says, \"This _Prodromus_ is a\ntreatise of Campanella's, not, as Mr. Hallam says, of Adami. Adami\npublished the _Prodromus_ for Campanella, who was in prison; and he\nwrote a preface, in which he gives a list of other writings of\nCampanella, which he proposes to publish afterwards. What Mr. Hallam\ncalls an edition, was the first publication.\"\n\nThe words _Prodromus Philosophi\u00e6 Instaurand\u00e6_, which appear only on the\ntitle-page, are of Adami himself, not of Campanella. The work of the\nlatter is called _Compendium de Rerum Natur\u00e2_, and is printed, after the\npreface, with this running title. The error into which I fell was to\nrefer the words _Prodromus Philosophi\u00e6 Instaurand\u00e6_ to the preface of\nAdami, and not to the entire work. It may be satisfactory to give the\ntitle-page, and one or two extracts from the preface:--\n\n  \"Prodromus Philosophi\u00e6 Instaurand\u00e6, id est, Dissertationis de\n  Natura rerum Compendium, secundum sera principia, ex scriptis\n  Thom\u00e6 Campanell\u00e6 pr\u00e6missum, cum pr\u00e6fatione ad philosophos\n  Germani\u00e6. Francofurt. 1617.\"\n\n_Prodromus_, of course, means the _avant-courier_ of a new philosophy;\nand this, I might think, was intended for Adami himself. But, on looking\nagain at the preface, I perceive that it refers to the _Compendium_,\nwhich was to lead the way to ulterior publications.\n\n  \"Pr\u00e6mittere autem hoc saltem opusculum visum nobis est, quo brevis\n  [Greek: anakephalai\u00f4sis] physicorum philosophematum conjecta est,\n  ut judicia doctorum ex eo in Germania experiremur,\n  exercitaremusque. Cui si oper\u00e6 pretium videbitur, subjungemus\n  posthac autoris pleniorem et concinniorem Epilogismum Philosophi\u00e6\n  Naturalis, Moralis et Politic\u00e6, addito opusculo Civitatis Solis,\n  quo idea ingeniosissima reipublic\u00e6 philosophi\u00e6 secundum naturam\n  instituend\u00e6 proponitur.\"\n\nI had at one time a doubt, suggested by the language of the title-page,\nwhether the _Compendium de Rerum Natur\u00e2_ were not an abridgment of\nCampanella, by Adami himself. But the style has too much vigour and\nterseness to warrant this supposition. And the following passage in the\npreface leads us to a different conclusion:\n\n  \"De stylo, si tam delicat\u00e6, ut nostratium nonnull\u00e6 sunt, aures\n  reperiantur, quibus non ubique ita accuratus, _et ex scriptis\n  mendosis interdum depravatus videatur_, supervacuum puto excusare,\n  cum philosophus non loquatur, ut loquatur, sed ut intelligi\n  velit.\"\n\nYour correspondent observes also: \"What Mr. Hallam calls an 'edition,'\nwas the first publication.\" Is not this rather hyper-critical? \"First\nedition\" is a familiar phrase, and Adam was surely an editor.\n\nIn Vol. iii., p. 241., it is said that \"in 1811 these MSS. (viz. of\nWilkes) were, I presume, in the possession of Peter Elmsley, Principal\nof St. Alban's Hall, as he submitted the Junius Correspondence, through\nMr. Hallam, to Serjeant Rough, who returned the letters to Mr. Hallam.\"\nAnd it is asked, \"Where now are the original Junius letters, and where\nthe other MSS.?\"\n\nI have to answer to this, that I returned the Junius letters (I never\nhad any others of Wilkes) to Mr. Elmsley some years before his death in\n1825. They are, in all probability, in the possession of his\nrepresentatives.\n\n    HENRY HALLAM.\n\n\nPRINTING.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 148.)\n\nMore than a few of your contributors have, I trust, concurred with me in\nhoping, if not expecting, that something will be done to effect the\nobject presented to our notice through M.'s most judicious suggestion.\nIt will be admitted that now, for about thirty years, the study of the\nhistory of early printing has been commonly neglected, frequently\ndespised. The extent of the advance or decline of any science in general\nestimation can always be accurately computed by means of a comparative\nview of the prices demanded at different periods for the works which\ntreat of it; and it is unquestionable, that books on bibliography, which\nonce were highly rated, have latterly become (at least to those who have\nthem already) provokingly cheap. In fact, unless some measures be\nadopted to revive a taste for this important branch of learning, the\nnext generation will be involved in decrepitude and darkness with\nrespect to typographical antiquities.\n\nM. has incidentally asked, \"Do _different books_ circulate under the\ntitle of _Fasciculus Temporum_?\" I should say, strictly speaking,\nCertainly not. But there is a sense in which the supposition is\nperfectly true; for we not only meet with the genuine _Fasciculus_ of\n1474, by Wernerus Rolevinck de Laer, but have also to encounter the same\nwork as it was interpolated by Heinricus Wirezburg de Vach, and\npublished for the first time in 1481. Ratdolt's edition of 1484, which\nM. used, does not contain the remarkable substituted passage in which\nthe author was compelled to record the _invention_, instead of the\n_propagation_, of printing; and it would appear, therefore, that that\nimpression does not belong to the Wirezburgian class. I have been\nsurprised at finding that Pistorius and Struvius have reprinted the\nsophisticated, and not the authentic, book; and it is curious to see the\nintroduction of an \"&c.\" along with other alterations in the account\ngiven of the death of Henry VII. from the reception of a poisoned Host.\n\nM. will instantly perceive that we cannot safely trust in a _Fasciculus\nTemporum_ of, or after, the date 1481; but I can answer for the\nagreement of the impression of Colon. 1479 with the _editio princeps_.\nThe citations respecting the Gutenberg Bible are not from the\n_Fasciculus Temporum_, but from _Die Cronica van der hilliger Stadt van\nCoellen_, A.D. 1499; the testimony of which (or rather of Ulric Zell\nrelated therein) as to the origin of printing is very well known through\nthe Latin translation of it supplied by B. de Mallinckrot. (Clement,\nvii. 221.; Meerman, ii. 105.; Marchand, _Hist. de l'Imp._, ii. 4. 104.;\nLambinet, 132.)\n\n    R. G.\n\n\nTHE PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION, ETC.\n\n(Vol. iv., pp. 129. 177. 235.)\n\nIt would have been more courteous in H. C. K. to have requested me to\nexhibit my authority for the assertion that the pendulum phenomenon had\nbeen latterly attributed to differences in the earth's superficial\nvelocity, than to have assumed that explanation as having originated\nwith myself. There is certainly nothing to justify H. C. K. in calling\nit \"A. E. B.'s theory;\" on the contrary, my avowed object was to suggest\nobjections to it, and even my approval of it was limited to this, that,\nproviding certain difficulties in it could be removed, it would then\nbecome the most reasonable explanation as yet offered of the alleged\nphenomenon,--the only one, I might have added, that I had the slightest\nhope of comprehending.\n\nI can understand what is meant by the parallelism of the earth's axis;\nand, with the slight exceptions caused by precession and nutation, I\ntake _that_ to be the standard of _fixity of direction in space_. When,\ntherefore, I am told that the plane of a pendulum's oscillation is also\nfixed in direction, and yet that it is continually changing its relative\nposition with respect to the other fixity, the axis of the earth, not\nonly does it not present to my mind a comprehensible idea, but it does\npresent to it a palpable contradiction of the commonest axiom of\nphilosophy.\n\nI am therefore in a disposition of mind the reverse of H. C. K.'s; that\nwhich to him is only \"hard enough to credit,\" to me is wholly\nincomprehensible; while that which to him is \"utterly impossible to\nconceive,\" appears to me a rational hypothesis in which I can understand\nat least the ground of assertion.\n\nH. C. K. asks me to \"reduce to paper\" the assertion of the difference of\nvelocity between two parallels of latitude ten feet apart. He is not\nsurely so unphilosophical as to imagine that a theory, to be true, must\nnecessarily be palpable to the senses. If the element of increase exist\nat all, however minute and imperceptible it may be in a single\noscillation, repetition of effect must eventually render it observable.\nBut I shall even gratify H. C. K., and inform him that the difference in\nlinear circumference between two such parallels in the latitude of\nLondon would be about fifty feet, so that the northern end of a ten-feet\nrod, placed horizontally in the meridian, would travel less by that\nnumber of feet in twenty-four hours than the southern end. This, so far\nfrom being inadequate, is greatly _in excess_ of the alleged apparent\nmotion in the plane of a pendulum's vibration.\n\nIn the remarks of another correspondent, E. H. Y. (Vol. iv., p. 177.),\nthere is but one point that seems to require observation from me; it is\nhis assertion that \"there is no force by which a body unconnected with\nthe earth would have any tendency to rotate with it!\" Is then the\nrotation of forty miles of atmosphere, \"and all that it inherit,\" due to\nfriction alone? And even so, can any object, immersed in that\natmosphere, be said to be \"_unconnected with the earth_\"?\n\n    A. E. B.\n\n\nWINIFREDA.--\"CHILDE HAROLD.\"\n\n(Vol. iii., pp. 27. 108. 155.; Vol. iv. p. 196.)\n\nI have not yet thanked LORD BRAYBROOKE for the obliging manner in which,\nin reply to my inquiry, he furnished a list of the reputed authors of\n\"Winifreda.\" His recent note on the same subject gives me an occasion\nfor doing so, while expressing my concurrence in his view that G. A.\nStevens was not the author. In short, it may be taken now I think as an\nestablished fact, that the author is unknown.\n\nNevertheless, I do not believe that this poem was written in any part of\nthe seventeenth century. It appears to me to be the work of a true poet\nin the most vicious age of English poetry, and infected with all its\nfaults. Weakened with epithets, and its language poor and artificial, it\nrises to nature at the close, than which nothing of the kind can be much\nbetter. In the following stanza I do not altogether like the\npersonification of Time:--\n\n      \"And when with envy, Time transported,\n        Shall think to rob us of our joys,\n      You'll in your girls again be courted,\n        And I'll go wooing in my boys.\"\n\nA likely thought, truly, for a boy of sixteen! My own impression is,\nthat it did not long precede the age of \"the little folks on Strawberry\nHill.\"\n\nSince writing the above I have referred to my copy of Steven's songs,\nwhich I had not at hand before. It is the Oxford edition mentioned by\nLORD BRAYBROOKE; and although it does not contain \"Winifreda,\" a clue,\nit appears to me, may be drawn from it as to Stevens's connexion with\nthis piece. In the first place, it is to be remarked that the title of\nthe book is, _Songs, Comic and Satyrical_, by George Alexander Stevens.\nThe motto is from the author's _Lecture on Heads_, \"_I love fun!--keep\nit up!_\" These circumstances are important, as one would hardly expect\nto find \"Winifreda\" in such a volume, though it were by the same author.\nYet, there is a song which, though written in a more lilting measure, is\nquite as much out of place; and this song shows evidence, in my opinion,\nof Stevens having known and admired \"Winifreda.\" It is entitled \"Rural\nFelicity,\" and is to be found at page 71 of the volume. Compare the two\nfollowing stanzas with the last two of \"Winifreda:\"--\n\n            III.\n\n      \"He smiles on his babes, as some strive for his knee,\n        And some to their mother's neck cling,\n      While playful the prattlers for place disagree,\n        The roof with their shrill trebles ring.\n\n            VI.\n\n      \"I remember the day of my falling in love,\n        How fearful I first came to woo;\n      I hope that these boys will as true-hearted prove,\n        And our lasses, my dear, look like you.\"\n\n\"Rural Felicity,\" however, though in a purer style than \"Winifreda,\" can\nhardly be said to rise to poetry at all; and if the latter had been by\nthe same author, it is most improbable that he would have excluded it\nfrom the volume containing the former. Looking at the two songs\ntogether, one is an evident imitation; and the conclusion I should come\nto with regard to the other is, that it was written by a man who _knew_\nthe feeling he describes; by one of whom it could not be said, \"He has\nno children;\" by one to whom that more than identity of interest that\ncentres in the--\n\n      \"Unselfish self, the filial self of twain,\"\n\nwas a familiar feeling. Stevens, perhaps, had repeated the poem, or made\na copy of it, and thus gained the credit of being its author.\n\nI am surprised that your correspondent T. W. should find any difficulty\nin the passage he quotes from _Childe Harold_:\n\n      \"Thy waters wasted them while they were free,\n       And many a tyrant (_has wasted them_) since.\"\n\nThis mode of expression is only faulty when ambiguous; but here of\nambiguity there is none.\n\n    SAMUEL HICKSON.\n\n\nTHE THREE ESTATES OF THE REALM.\n\n(Vol. iv., pp. 115. 196.)\n\nAs CANONICUS EBORACENSIS considers that I have \"not exactly hit the\nmark\" in inferring that \"the Lords, the Clergy _in Convocation_, and the\nCommons\" are the \"Three Estates of England\" named in the Gunpowder\nTreason Service, I would claim, being not yet altogether convinced by\nCANON. EBOR.'S arguments that such is the case, a share of your space\nfor discussing a question which must certainly be interesting to all who\nuphold \"our Constitution in Church and State.\" My apology for prolixity\nmust be, that having but just received \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" I have not\nhad time to study brevity.\n\nThe passages, which contain the expressions referred to in the Service,\nare as under:--\n\n  \"We yield Thee our unfeigned thanks and praise for the wonderful\n  and mighty deliverance of our gracious Sovereign King James the\n  First, the Queen, the Prince, and all the royal branches, _with\n  the Nobility, Clergy, and Commons of England_, then assembled in\n  Parliament, by popish treachery appointed as sheep to the\n  slaughter, in a most barbarous and savage manner, beyond the\n  examples of former ages.\"--The First Collect at Morning Prayer.\n\n  \"By discovering and confounding their horrible and wicked\n  enterprise, plotted and intended this day to have been executed\n  against the King _and the whole State of England_, for the\n  subversion of the government and religion established among\n  us.\"--The Litany.\n\n  \"Acknowledging Thy power, wisdom, and goodness in preserving the\n  King, _and the Three Estates of the Realm of England_, assembled\n  in Parliament, from the destruction this day intended against\n  them.\"--The Communion Service.\n\n  \"Who on this day didst miraculously preserve _our Church and\n  State_ from the secret contrivance and hellish malice of popish\n  conspirators.\"--After the Prayer for the Church Militant.\n\nCANON. EBOR. asserts that these Three Estates (the word \"estates\" being\nused of course in its second intention, as meaning the representatives,\nand not the orders _en masse_) are \"the Lords Spiritual,\" \"the Lords\nTemporal,\" and \"the Commons,\" representing severally the clergy, the\nnobility, and the commonality. As \"the Lords Spiritual\" are always\nplaced before \"the Lords Temporal,\" he is obliged to rank _the clergy_\nbefore _the nobility_ in spite of the order of precedency observed in\nthe Collect. This seems to show that the clergy are not represented by\nthe bishops. And in the Coronation Oath they are separately specified:\n\n  \"And will you preserve unto _the bishops and clergy of the realm_,\n  and to the churches committed to them, all such rights and\n  privileges as by law do or shall appertain unto them or any of\n  them?\"\n\nThis in an older oath ran thus:\n\n  \"Et quil gardera le peas de seynt Eglise _et al clergie_ et al\n  people de bon accorde.\"\n\nFrom these quotations it does not seem very faulty to infer, that the\nclergy as represented by Convocation are the second Estate of the realm;\nand are not, as represented by \"the Lords Spiritual,\" the first, which\nis the Estate of the nobility represented by the Peers.\n\nAgainst this CANON. EBOR.'S arguments are two: first, \"that the phrase\n'assembled in Parliament' has no application to the Convocation;\" and\nnext, that the \"Convocation does not sit at Westminster.\"\n\nWith regard to the first, I have to say that it was somewhat late in our\nhistory that the point was settled that Convocation was not a part of\nParliament. In Mr. Palin's recently published _History of the Church of\nEngland_, ch. x. p. 242., I read, with respect to the dissolution of the\nConvocation of 1701,--\n\n  \"With the presentation of this document the Convocation dispersed,\n  both the King and the Prolocutor being now dead; and in the act\n  that empowered the Parliament to sit after the king's\n  death, no provision was made to continue the Convocation. The Earl\n  of Rochester moved, in the House of Lords, that it might be\n  considered, _whether the Convocation was not a part of the\n  Parliament, and whether it was not continued in consequence of the\n  act that continued the Parliament_. But that was soon let fall;\n  for the judges were all of opinion that it was dissolved by the\n  king's death.\"\n\nIn _A Reconciling Letter, &c._, a pamphlet published in 1702:\n\n  \"Pray inform me to which notion I may subscribe; whether to the\n  Convocation being a Parliamentary body, and _part of Parliament_,\n  as Dr. A. has made it? Or to the Convocation having a\n  Parliamentary relation, and such an origin and alliance,\" &c.\n\nOn going back to an earlier date:--In Statutis 21 Richard II. c. 2., and\n21 Richard II. c. 12. the preambles state that--\n\n  \"These statutes were made by the assent _of the procurators of the\n  clergy, as well as_ of other constituent members _of parliament_.\"\n\nAnd we know that the _Procuratores Cleri_ occasionally sat in parliament\nin the Lower House, as the Judges do now in the Upper: in a treatise\nquoted by Coke (_De modo tenendi Parliamentum_)--\n\n  \"It appeareth that the proctors of the clergy should appear, 'cum\n  pr\u00e6sentia eorum sit necessaria' (which proveth they were voiceless\n  assistants only), and having no voices, and so many learned\n  bishops having voices, their presence is not now holden\n  necessary.\"--4 Inst. 5.\n\nPerhaps they were not altogether voiceless, for we find that on Nov. 22,\n1547, a petition was presented by the Lower House of Convocation to the\nUpper, the second clause of which was--\n\n  \"2dly. That the clergy of the lower house of Convocation may be\n  admitted _to sit in Parliament with the House of Commons_\n  according to antient usage.\"\n\nIn support of this, the clause _Pr\u00e6munientes_ in the writ directing the\nelections of Proctors was appealed to. This \"Pr\u00e6munitory Clause,\" which\nat a later period of the history of Convocation was the cause of much\ndiscussion, ran thus:--\n\n  \"The Bishop was commanded to 'give notice to the (Prior or) Dean\n  and Chapter of his Cathedral Church, and to the Archdeacons and\n  all the clergy of his diocese, that the Prior, Deans, and\n  Archdeacons, in their own persons, the chapter by one, and the\n  clergy by two, proper proxies, sufficiently empowered by the said\n  chapter and clergy, _should by all means be present at the\n  Parliament with him_ to do and to consent to those things, which,\n  by the blessing of GOD, by their common advice happened to be\n  ordained in the matters aforesaid, and that the giving this notice\n  should by no means be omitted by him.'\"\n\n  \"The clergy _thus summoned to Parliament_ by the King and\n  Diocesan, met for the choice of their proxies; for this purpose\n  the Dean or Prior held his chapter, and the Archdeacon his synod.\n  The representatives being chosen in these assemblies _were sent up\n  to Parliament_, with procuratorial letters from the chapter and\n  clergy to give them an authority to act in their names, and on the\n  behalf of their electors.\"--Collier's _Eccles. Hist._, Part II.\n  book iv.\n\nAlso--\n\n  \"All the members of both Houses of Convocation have the same\n  privileges for themselves and their servants as _the members of\n  parliament_ have, and that by statute.\"--Chamberlayn's _Mag. Brit.\n  Notitia_, p. 94.\n\nIt may be reasonably doubted, whether a little research would not afford\nfurther reasons for thinking that there was some ground for applying the\nphrase \"assembled in Parliament\" to Convocation.\n\nWith respect to the Convocations sitting at Westminster. The first\nConvocation of 1283 sat \"at the New Temple;\" the next was summoned on\nSt. Matthew's day, 1294, to meet _at Westminster_. On April 22, 1523, a\nNational Synod of both Convocations was held _at Westminster_ by\nCardinal Wolsey, the Papal Legate. The Convocation sat _at Lambeth_ in\n1555 and 1558. In 1586 and 1588, we find Convocation often sitting _at\nWestminster_. In 1624 the Upper House sat _at Christ Church_, Oxford,\nand the Lower _at Merton College_. On May 16, 1661, the Convocation met\nin \"the Collegiate Church _at Westminster_.\" The first Convocation of\nWilliam III. had its amended commission brought to it on the 4th of\nDecember, while both Houses were sitting together _in Henry VII.'s\nChapel_. The last Convocation of the same king met on the 10th of\nFebruary, 1701, at St. Paul's, where they heard divine service, and then\nwent to the chapter-house, where they chose for their prolocutor Dr.\nHooper. On the 25th of February, the Lower House was sitting in Henry\nVII.'s Chapel; and on the 6th of March they were both sitting _in the\nJerusalem Chamber: where_ twice in this present year it has sat. It is\ntrue that the writ which summoned James I.'s first Convocation called\nthe clergy to appear before the archbishop \"in our cathedral church of\nSt. Paul in London, the twentieth day of March then next ensuing, or\nelsewhere, as he should have thought it most convenient;\" and it seems\nthat they did assemble \"at the time and place before-mentioned;\" yet,\nsupposing they were not at Westminster then, they were in almost equal\ndanger from the Popish Plot, as it is not likely they would have\nreceived any greater mercy at the hands of the conspirators.\n\nI have always imagined that it was still a moot-point as to whether all\nthe Estates ever _deliberated_ together in the presence of the\nsovereign. It is not generally known, I think, that they all re-assemble\nfor the formal passing of every act: and with respect to the authority\nof all three being recited in the preamble, I beg to point out to CANON.\nEBOR. the following exceptions:--In the Act of Uniformity, the style of\n\"Lords Spiritual\" is omitted throughout, as every one of the bishops\nvoted against it. It has also been ruled by the judges that the King\nmay hold a parliament without any Spiritual lords; and, in fact, the\nfirst two parliaments of Charles II. were so holden.\n\nI will presume CANON. EBOR. intended to say that Prelates do not sit in\nthe Upper House as _Peers_, otherwise the charge of \"mistake\" will fall\nupon Blackstone, _Comm._ book i. ch. 2.:\n\n  \"The next in order are the Spiritual lords. These consist of two\n  archbishops and twenty-four bishops; and at the dissolution of\n  monasteries by Henry VIII. consisted likewise of twenty-six mitred\n  abbots, and two priors: a very considerable body, and in those\n  times equal in number to the temporal nobility. All these hold, or\n  are supposed to hold, _certain ancient baronies_, under the king:\n  for William the Conqueror thought proper to change the spiritual\n  tenure of frank-almoign, or free alms, under which the bishops\n  held their lands during the Saxon government, into feodal or\n  Norman tenure _by barony_; which subjected their estates to all\n  civil charges and assessments from which they were before exempt:\n  and in right of succession to those baronies, which were\n  unalienable from their respective dignities, the bishops and\n  abbots were allowed their seats in the House of Lords.\"\n\nSir Matthew Hale divides the king's extraordinary councils into two\nkinds: 1. Secular or temporal councils; 2. Ecclesiastical or spiritual:\nthe king's extraordinary secular councils being the Houses of the Peers\nand of the Commons; and the extraordinary ecclesiastical, the Upper and\nLower Houses of Convocation.\n\nSome illustration of this may be perhaps found in the following extract\nfrom an appendix to _A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Lower House\nof Convocation_, published by T. Bennet, London, 1701, in which\n_Prelates_ are Spiritual Lords, whether Bishops or Abbots; and the\nphrase \"full Parliament\" seems equivalent to the ones used in the\nGunpowder Treason Service:--\n\n  \"When the several Estates were assembled in _full Parliament_, and\n  received the King's commands concerning the business which they\n  were to consider, and were adjourned by him to another day of\n  _full Parliament_, in which they were to meet, and give their\n  answer: the Clergy, and Lords, and Commons consulted in the mean\n  time separately, ... Instances of this are not necessary, but one\n  may be seen among the Records in the appendix to a late book\n  call'd _Essays concerning the Balance of Power_, &c., and 'tis\n  this: 6 Edw. III. Part 3. N. 1., on Tuesday in Full Parliament the\n  King charged the Prelates, Earls, Barons, and other Great Men, and\n  the Knights of the Shires, and the Commons, that having regard to\n  the honor and profit of his Realm, they should give him their\n  counsel. The which Prelates with the Clergy by themselves, and the\n  Earls and Barons by themselves, and the knights and others of the\n  counties and the Commons by themselves, treated and consulted till\n  Friday next, the day assigned for the next session, and there _in\n  full Parliament_, each by themselves and afterward all in common,\n  answered.\"\n\nThe formation and development of Convocation, at least that of\nCanterbury, presents a great analogy to the English Parliament; as that\nof York does to the Scottish Parliament.\n\nWe must remember that before the Norman times, the clergy were exempt\nfrom all taxation; inasmuch as \"they held in Frankalmoigne,\" that is,\nheld their lands, &c., on free alms \"in liberam eleemosynam.\" Littleton\n(lib. ii. c. 6. s. 135.) says:\n\n  \"And they which hold in Frankalmoigne are bound of right before\n  God to make orisons, prayers, masses, and other divine services\n  for the soul of their grantor or feoffer, and for the souls of\n  their heirs which are dead,\" &c.\n\nThe king's succeeding William the Conqueror tried to make the clergy\ncontribute to the public exchequer, but were effectually resisted. In\norder to surmount the difficulty, King John (A.D. 1206) summoned all the\npriors and abbots _to parliament_, and obtained from them a vote of a\n_thirteenth_: and then wrote to the archdeacons to get the same from the\nclergy generally. Edward I. rendered this scheme for the taxation of the\nclergy complete. He applied to the Archbishops of Canterbury and York to\nassemble, by _their canonical authority_, the convocations of each\nprovince; and these Metropolitans, moved by the King's writ (the same\npractice is settled now), summoned these bishops and clergy.\n\nThe earliest royal writ, summoning a provincial synod, is dated Nov. 24,\n1282, and calling them to meet at _Northampton_: \"Venire ... _coram\nnobis_ apud Northampton.\"\n\nThis Convocation assembled at Northampton; and we find another mandate\nfrom the Archbishop to the dean of the province, directing him to summon\nthe bishops and clergy to a Convocation for the 9th of May, 1283, at the\n_New Temple_ (now the Inner and Middle Temples), pursuant to a\nresolution of the Convocation of Northampton. At this Convocation, the\nproctors of the clergy refused to pay the tenth. Eleven years after, we\nfind Edward summoning the whole body of the bishops and clergy to\n_Westminster_ on St. Matthew's day, 1294. His writ orders \"The dean and\narchdeacon to appear in their proper persons, the chapter by one, and\nthe clergy of the diocese by two procurators.\" The clergy objected to\nthis writ as uncanonical, and claimed to be convoked only by their\nMetropolitans; as tending to abolish their provincial synods convened by\nregular ecclesiastical authority, and to establish in their place a\nparliamentary chamber under secular authority. The King, finding them so\nopposed to his project of thus making them a part of the Third Estate,\nreverted to the established practice, and addressed his writs to the\nArchbishops; whereupon the Metropolitans issued their mandates,\nConvocations met, and subsidies were voted.\n\nAn important result followed this struggle (see 2 Lingard, p. 375.),\nviz., that the procurators of the common clergy of each diocese (in\ncompliance with the direction on the Kings writ) were admitted as\n_constituent members_ of these and all subsequent Convocations; the\narchdeacons, before this time, being considered as their\nrepresentatives, who probably were furnished with letters of procuration\nfrom them.\n\nThe constitution of the English Convocation may be said to be finally\nestablished in the reign of Edward I., and it has so continued to the\npresent day; except that in 1665 the clergy in Convocation gave up the\nprivilege of self-taxation, and received in return that of voting for\nthe House of Commons, losing thereby one distinctive sign of their being\n\"an Estate of the Realm.\"\n\n    WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L.\n\nP.S. The error which my former note was intended to correct was not\nutterly a \"cockney\" one, as the following Proposition, condemned in\n1683, by the University of Oxford, together with several others\ncontained in the books of the time, as \"damnable and destructive,\" will\nshow:--\n\n  \"The sovereignty of England is in _the Three Estates, viz. King,\n  Lords, and Commons_. The King has but a co-ordinate power, and may\n  be overruled by the other two.\" _Lex Rex. Hunter of a limited and\n  mixed Monarchy._ Baxter's _H. C. Polit. Catech._ See Collier's\n  _Eccl. Hist._, Part 2. Book ix.\n\n\nMEANING OF WHIG AND TORY.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 57.)\n\nThe derivation of these terms, as applied to the two extreme parties in\npolitics, is a much vexed question, which will probably never be\nsatisfactorily settled. That staunch Tory, Roger North, in his _Examen_,\nhas referred the origin of the name of his party to their connexion with\nthe Duke of York and his popish allies.\n\n  \"It is easy (says North) to imagine how rampant these procurators\n  of power, the Exclusioners, were under such circumstances of\n  advantage as at that time prevailed; everywhere insulting and\n  menacing the royalists, as was done in all the terms of common\n  conversation, and the latter had the wind in their faces, the\n  votes of the house and the rabble into the bargain. This trade,\n  then not much opposed, naturally led to a common use of slighting\n  and opprobrious names, such as Yorkist. That served for mere\n  distinction, but did not scandalize or reflect enough. Then they\n  came to Tantivy, which implied riding post to Rome. Observe, all\n  the while the loyal church party were passive; the outrage lay\n  wholly on the other side. These observing that the Duke favoured\n  Irishmen, all his friends, or those accounted such by appearing\n  against the Exclusion, were straight become Irish; thence\n  bog-trotters, and in the copia of the factious language, the word\n  _Tory_ was entertained, which signified the most despicable\n  savages among the wild Irish; and being a vocal and clear sounding\n  word, readily pronounced, it kept its hold, and took possession of\n  the foul mouths of the faction.\"\n\nBurton, in vol. ii. of his _Parliamentary Diary_ on the state of\nIreland, under date of June 10, 1657, has the following passage:\n\n  \"Tory is said to be the Irish word _Toree_, that is, _Give me_,\n  which was the summons of surrender used by the banditti, to whom\n  the name was originally applied.\"\n\nIn support of this assertion it may be as well to state that Tory or\nTerry Island, on the coast of Donegal, is said to have taken its name\nfrom the robbers by whom it was formerly infested. Dr. Johnson also\nsupports Burton's derivation of the word; he calls it a cant term, which\nhe supposed to be derived from an Irish word, signifying a savage. Mr.\nG. O. Borrow (alias Lavengro), who has devoted much attention to the\nCeltic dialect, in a paper which he contributed some years back to the\n_Norfolk Chronicle_, suggested that the etymology of the word Tory might\nbe traced to the Irish adherents of Charles II. during the Cromwellian\nera; the words _Tar-a-Ri_ (pronounced Tory, and meaning _Come, O King_),\nhaving been so constantly in the mouths of the Royalists as to have\nbecome a by-word to designate them. So much for the word _Tory_, which\nfrom these premises is evidently of Irish origin. We now come to\nconsider the derivation of the term _Whig_, concerning which there is\nnot quite such a diversity of opinion. The first authority we will quote\nshall be Burnet, who says:\n\n  \"The south-west counties of Scotland have seldom corn enough to\n  serve them round the year; and the northern parts producing more\n  than they need, those in the west come in the summer to buy at\n  Leith the stores that came from the north; and from a word,\n  Whiggam, used in driving their horses, all that drove were called\n  Whiggamors, and shorter, the Whiggs. Now, in that year (_i.e._\n  1648), after the news came down of Duke Hamilton's defeat, the\n  ministers animated their people to rise and march to Edinburgh;\n  and they came up marching on the head of their parishes with an\n  unheard-of fury, praying and preaching all the way as they came.\n  The Marquis of Argyle and his party came and bearded them, they\n  being about 6000. This was called the Whiggamors' inroad, and ever\n  after that, all that opposed the court came in contempt to be\n  called Whiggs; and from Scotland the word was brought into\n  England, where it is now one of our unhappy terms of\n  disunion.\"--Burnet's _History of his own Times_, vol. i. p. 43.\n\nSuch is Burnet's account of the derivation of this word, in which he is\nfollowed by Samuel Johnson, who has transcribed the above passage in his\n_Dictionary_. Kirkton also, in his _History of the Church of Scotland_,\nedited by C. K. Sharpe, Esq., in 1817, adheres to the same opinion:\nunder the year 1667, he says:\n\n  \"The poor people, who in contempt were called Whiggs, became\n  name-fathers to all that owned one honest interest in Britain, who\n  were called Whiggs after them, even at the court of England.\"\n\nThat the term Whig was originally from Scotland, I believe is a\nwell-ascertained fact; but while some of our etymologists follow the\nopinion of Burton, others, with (as I think) greater show of reason,\nadhere to the opinion of Roger North and the historians Laing and\nLingard, all of whom were of opinion that the original Scotch Whigs were\ncalled so, not, as Burnet supposes, from the word used by them in\ndriving their horses, but from the word Whig being vernacular in\nScotland for sour whey, which was a common drink with the people.\n\n    DAVID STEVENS.\n\n  Godalming.\n\n\nTHE RECOVERY OF THE LOST AUTHORS OF ANTIQUITY.\n\n(Vol. iii., pp. 161. 261. 340.)\n\n      \"[Greek: Pher', \u00f4, talain\u00ea cheiri tou trisathliou\n      orth\u00f4s prosarmos\u00f4men eutonon te pan\n      s\u00f4m' exakrib\u00f4s\u00f4men, eis hoson para.]\"\n\n  _Eurip. Bacch. Supplement._\n\n                        \"With a wretched hand,\n      \"Come let me this thrice wretched corse compose,\n      And careful as I can the limbs collect.\"\n\nThe foregoing lines, from Burgess's able restoration of this splendid\nscene in the _Bacch\u00e6_ of Euripides, published in the _Gentleman's\nMagazine_ for Sept. 1832, and afterwards without the Greek text in the\n_Literary Gazette_ for Oct. 11, 1845, form a fit motto for the\nundertaking in which I am engaged, and of which I now present a sort of\nreport to literary men interested in such matters.\n\nNo one, in my opinion, should endeavour to satisfy querists about a\ndesign more than the original proposer of such design, and I am the\nrather induced to make a few remarks, the subject having been passed\nover with a silence rendered remarkable by the importance of my\nproposal. Two correspondents, however, having come forward with\nadditional suggestions and remarks, I feel myself possessed of a pretext\nto touch upon the subject once more. The following will show what common\nsteadiness and attention have been able to bring about.\n\nI have so far accomplished my purpose, as lately, while residing on the\ncontinent, and also since my return, to establish in Russia, Siberia and\nTartary, Persia, and Eastern Europe, stations for the search after all\nMSS. worth attention. I hope, therefore, to be enabled ere long, through\nthe co-operation of my friends abroad, to present the world with\nsomething more solid than mere promises, and more satisfactory to\nclassical critics and lovers of antiquity like myself. Especially I\nexpect from my Tartary correspondent some interesting and valuable\nHebrew MSS., of which there are many to be obtained toward the frontier\nof China and in that country. I unfortunately missed such a MS. some\nyears ago, which a sailor had offered to me, whom I am now unable to\nfind. I earnestly solicit every Oriental traveller to co-operate with\nme.\n\nThe proposal of Dr. Arnold, quoted by M. N. (Vol. iii., p. 261.), I did\nnot mention, although I was aware of it, as it is at present next to an\nimpossibility to carry it out in the disturbed state of Continental\nEurope, useful as I allow it to be.\n\nYour correspondent J. M. (Vol. iii., p. 340.) asks what has been\naccomplished at Herculaneum in the late investigations. Alas! a few thin\nfolios at my side contain all that the most unwearied exertion, and\never-renewed patience, have been able to bring to light. A few tracts of\nEpicuros, Philodemos, Colotos, Polystratos, Demetrios, and Carneiscos,\nare the results of the labours at the \"City of the Dead.\" It is much to\nbe desired that the investigations should be recommenced when the\ntroubled condition of the kingdom of Naples will admit of it. I refer J.\nM. to M. Morgenstern's excellent article on the subject in the\n_Classical Journal_, vol. vii. p. 272. _sqq._, and the _Herculanensium\nVoluminum_, Oxonii, 1824-1825 (Press-mark, 604 f 15, British Museum),\nand the splendid folios of Naples, 1793-1844 (Press-mark, 813 i 2.).\n\n    KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.\n\n\nMS. NOTE IN A COPY OF LIBER SENTENTIARUM.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 188.)\n\n_Peter Lombard, Gratian, and Comestor_ (Vol. iv., p. 188.).--Your\ncorrespondent W. S. W. alludes to the above-mentioned worthies. I\nextract from Bishop Jeremy Taylor a passage or two in support of the\nstory of their brotherhood:\n\n  \"It is reported of the mother of Peter Lombard, Gratian, and\n  Comestor, that she having had three sons begotten in unhallowed\n  embraces, upon her death-bed did omit the recitation of those\n  crimes to her confessor; adding this for apology, that her three\n  sons proved persons so eminent in the church, that their\n  excellency was abundant recompense for her demerit; and therefore\n  she could not grieve, because God had glorified Himself so much by\n  three instruments so excellent: and that although her _sin_ had\n  _abounded_, yet God's grace did super_abound_. Her confessor\n  replied, '_At dole saltem, quod dolere non possis_ (Grieve that\n  thou canst not grieve).'\"--Sermon \"On the Invalidity of a late or\n  death-bed Repentance.\" _Sermons_, p. 234. Lond. 1678.\n\nAnd again:\n\n  \"To repent because we cannot repent, and to grieve because we\n  cannot grieve, was a device invented to serve the turn of the\n  mother of Peter Gratian.\"--_Holy Dying_, \"Practice of\n  Repentance in Sickness,\" Sect. vi. Rule 5. Lond. 1808.\n\n    RT.\n\n  Warmington.\n\nW. S. W. (Vol. iv., p. 188.) invites attention to a manuscript note in\nhis valuable copy of Peter Lombard's _Sentences_ (ed. Vien. 1477), by\nwhich Lombard, Gratian, and Comestor are described as \"_fratres\nuterini_.\"\n\nAntoninus, Archbishop of Florence, wrote about A.D. 1445. His account,\ntherefore, of this clearly fabulous story must be somewhat earlier, as\nit is (at least in one particular) more curiously circumstantial. His\nwords are (_Chronic. Op._, cap. vi. p. 65., ed. Lugd. 1586):\n\n  \"A quibusdam pr\u00e6dicatur in populis, quod fuerunt germani ex\n  adulterio nati. Quorum mater cum in extremis peccatum suum\n  confiteretur, et Confessor redargueret crimen perpetratum\n  adulterii, quia valde grave esset, et ideo multum deberet dolere,\n  et poenitentiam agere, respondit illa: '_Pater, scio quod\n  adulterium peccatum magnum est; sed, considerans quantum bonum\n  secutum est, cum isti filii sint lumina magna in Ecclesi\u00e2, ego non\n  valeo poenitere._'\"\n\nHowever, whilst he records this singular story, Antoninus confesses that\nhe gives little credit to it; for he presently adds:\n\n  \"Non enim reperitur authenticum; imo, nec fuerunt contemporanei,\n  etsi vicini tempore. Gratianus enim fuit ante alios duos.\"\n\nAnd not only were they not cotemporaries, but also it may be worth\nobserving, that they were not even fellow-countrymen.\n\n    J. SANSOM.\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Warnings to Scotland_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Thomas Dutton, Guy Nutt,\nand John Glover, who published the _Warnings to Scotland_, were three of\nthe French prophets who went as missionaries, first to Edinburgh and\nafterwards to Dublin. I have a continuation in manuscript, in a very\nthick 4to., of the printed book. They appear to have been succeeded at\nEdinburgh by James Cunningham and Margaret Mackenzie. Cunningham was the\ngrandson of the murdered Archbishop of St. Andrews, and prophecied\nhimself into the Tolbooth, his warnings from which place, with the\nautograph of the prophet, are contained in a volume entitled, _Warnings\nof the Eternal Spirit pronounced by the Mouth of James Cunningham during\nhis Imprisonment in the Tolbooth of Edinburgh_, Lond. 1712, 12mo. pp.\n547. 131. In the very curious and amusing account of the French prophets\ngiven in Keimer's _Brand pluck'd from the burning, exemplify'd in the\nunparall'd Case of Samuel Keimer_, Lond. printed by W. Boreman, 1718,\nDutton, Nutt, Glover, and Cunningham, are frequently mentioned. \"Thomas\nDutton,\" he says, \"was an eminent prophet, a sober ingenious man, by\nprofession a lawyer, who wrote a letter against John Lacy's taking E.\nGray.\" \"Guy Nutt, a prophet, a formal whimsical man, who goes in plain\nhabit, but not owned by the people called Quakers.\" Of Glover he gives\nan extraordinary account, p. 54., but which will scarcely admit of\nquotation. He observes, p. 115., that Glover acted the Devil \"under\nagitations, five people standing upon him, as commanded by the spirit,\nhe all the while making grimaces mixt with a strange mocking, yanging\nnoise to the affrightment of the believers.\" Whether the prophet\nproduced an abiding impression at Edinburgh by these _yanging noises_ I\nknow not, but in England the sect continued for many years. I have a\ncollection of the manifestations of one of them, Hannah Wharton,\npublished in 1732, 12mo. She appears to have preached and prophecied at\nBirmingham. I may here observe, that Keimer's tract above mentioned\ncontains a very interesting letter from Daniel Defoe, which has not been\nnoticed by his biographers. Keimer was one of the numerous publishers\nfor Defoe. He afterwards went to America, and we find him frequently\nnoticed in the autobiography of Dr. Franklin.\n\n    JAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n_Fides Carbonaria_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--_Fides carbonarii_, as it ought\nto be written, originated in an anecdote told with approbation by Dr.\nMilner, or some controversial writer on the same side, and ridiculed by\nProtestants. A coal porter being asked what he believed, replied \"What\nthe church believes;\" and being asked what the church believed, replied\n\"What I believe.\" He could give no further information.\n\n    E. H. D. D.\n\n_Fire Unknown._ (Vol. iv., p. 209.).--In answer to C. W. G., I find that\nPickering, in his _Races of Man_, p 32., states that in Interior Oregon\nhis friends Messrs. Agate and Brackenridge observed \"no marks of fire;\"\nand, p. 61., that in the Otafuan group the use of fire was apparently\nabsent; and that he does not remember to have seen any signs of fire at\nthe Disappointment Islands. Perhaps further inquiry, which he suggests,\nmight prove that fire is not really wanting among the inhabitants of\nthese islands.\n\n    THEOPHYLACT.\n\n_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 210.).--Flatman's _Poems_ were first\npublished in the year 1682--his death took place in 1688: these dates,\ntherefore, supply an answer to E. V., as far as regards the question of\nborrowing. The edition now before me is that of 1686, being the\n_fourth_, \"with many additions and amendments.\" It is dedicated to \"His\nGrace the Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,\" &c., and has\ntwenty-eight pages of recommendatory poems prefixed to it; one of which\nbears the name of _Charles Cotton_, the adopted son of honest Izaak\nWalton.\n\nAlthough Campbell speaks with great contempt of Flatman, and quotes\nGranger, who says that \"one of his heads (he painted portraits in\nminiature) is worth a ream of his pindarics,\" I cannot but think he has\nbeen unduly depreciated; there being many passages in his poems (brief\nones it is true) possessed of considerable beauty, and which I would\ngladly extract in proof of my assertion, were your pages available for\nsuch a purpose.\n\n    T. C. S.\n\n_Pope's Translations or Imitations of Horace_ (Vol. i., p. 230.; Vol.\niv., pp. 58. 122. 139. 239.).--I am very much obliged to MR. CROSSLEY\nfor his information and obliging offer; but until he is able to find the\npublication of the piece in question by Curll, and with the date of\n1716, he will forgive my doubting whether his memory has not failed him\nas to the date, as the fact is directly at variance with Pope's own\nstatement to Spence. MR. CROSSLEY is certainly mistaken in thinking that\n\"The two quarto volumes are the only collection of Pope's works that can\nbe called his own, and that Dodsley's edition of 1738 was a mere\nbookseller's collection.\" There is abundant evidence that this edition\nwas Pope's own just as much as the quartos, as was also a prior edition\nof the same small shape of 1736.\n\n    C.\n\n_Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor_ (Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137. 180.\n236.).--The main question is, I think, settled; that there is no\npretence whatsoever for the supposition that the _Lord Mayor is a Privy\nCouncillor_; but your last correspondent DN. has fallen into a slight\nerror, which it may be as well to correct. He confounds a _summons to\nthe Privy Council_ with an invitation or notice which is sent (as he\ntruly states) from the Home Office to such noblemen and gentlemen as are\nknown to be at hand to attend at the _meeting_ for proclaiming the\nsovereign; but which meeting any one may, and the majority do, attend\nwithout any such notice. This is the notice that DN. received, and that\nI myself have received at two accessions; and which no doubt the Lord\nMayor and Alderman, and city officers, also receive; but this has\nnothing whatsoever to do with the _Privy Council_.\n\n    C.\n\n_Herschel anticipated_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--Thomas Wright suspected the\nmotion of the sun in 1750; but I never heard that he was thought mad.\nSee _Phil. Mag._, April, 1848, where an account of Wright is given.\n\n    M.\n\n_Sanford's Descensus_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--\u00c6GROTUS will find the\nfollowing in the Bodleian: _De descensu Domini nostri Jesu Christi ad\nInferos, libri quatuor, ab Hugone Sanfordo inchoati, opera Rob. Parkeri\nad umbilicum perducti_, 4to. Amst. 1611.\n\n    SAXONICUS.\n\n_Pope's \"honest Factor\"_ (Vol. iv., pp. 6. 244.).--In the _European\nMagazine_ for September, 1791, under the head of \"Anecdotes of the Pitt\nFamily,\" there is a memoir given of Governor Pitt, from which I extract\nthe following passages as illustrative of the Queries of your\ncorrespondents J. SWAN and C.:--\n\n  \"The most extraordinary incident in this gentleman's life was, his\n  obtaining and disposing of the celebrated diamond which is still\n  called by his name. It was purchased by him during the time he was\n  Governor of Fort St. George, for 48,000 pagodas, _i.e._ 20,400_l._\n  sterling, instead of 200,000, which the seller first asked for it.\n  It was consigned to Sir Stephen Evance, Knt., in London, in the\n  ship Bedford, Captain John Hudson, Commander, by a bill of lading\n  dated March 8, 1701-2, and charged to the Captain at 6,500 pagodas\n  only. It was reckoned the largest jewel in Europe, and weighed one\n  hundred and twenty-seven carats. When polished it was as big as a\n  pullet's egg. The cuttings amounted to eight or ten thousand\n  pounds.\"\n\n  \"It appears, that the acquisition of this diamond occasioned many\n  reflections injurious to the honour of Governor Pitt; and Mr. Pope\n  has been thought to have had the insinuations, then floating in\n  the world, in his mind when he wrote the following lines:\n\n      \"'Asleep and naked as an Indian lay,\n      An honest factor stole a gem away:\n      He pledg'd it to the Knight; the Knight had wit;\n      So kept the di'mond, and the rogue was bit.'\n\n  \"These reports, however, never obtained much credit; though they\n  were loud enough to reach the ears of the person against whom they\n  were directed, who condescended to vindicate himself against the\n  aspersions thrown out upon him.\"\n\n    T. C. S.\n\n\"_A little Bird told me_\" (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--C. W. might have\ndiscovered the origin of this saying in an authority much older and much\nmore familiar to English readers than the Koran. Instead of going to\nMahomet in search for legends of King Solomon, if he had opened his\nBible, and turned to the Book of _Ecclesiastes_ x. 20., he would there\nhave found the wise monarch of Israel himself saying,\n\n  \"Curse not the king, no, not in thy thought; and curse not the\n  rich in thy bed-chamber: for a bird of the air shall carry the\n  voice, and that which hath wings shall tell the matter.\"\n\n    TYRO.\n\n  Dublin.\n\n  [R. G., MACKENZIE WALCOTT, P. S. Q., ROVERT, H. T. E., A. H. B.,\n  J. A. PICTON, and other friends, have kindly forwarded similar\n  replies.]\n\n_The Winchester Execution_ (Vol. iv., pp. 191. 243.).--The story, of\nwhich a summary appears under this title in a recent Number, resembles\none I have repeatedly heard told in the city of Durham by those who had\npersonal recollection of the facts and persons; it occurred about\nthirty years ago. A servant girl was capitally convicted of\nadministering poison to the household of a farmer, in a fit of passion\nat some petty injury: a legal doubt raised in her behalf was submitted\nfor consideration in London, and some months elapsed in determining it.\nDuring the interval, her character and conduct being good, she came to\nbe employed as a servant in the household of the governor of the gaol,\nthen situated in an old gatehouse at the entrance of the Bailey; and one\nof my informants has seen her drawing water at the _pant_ in the market\nplace, two or three hundred yards from the gaol, in the heart of the\ntown. One morning the governor and all Durham were struck with horror at\nthe receipt of an order for her execution, within three days; the city\nbeing then two days by coach from London, and an appeal for compassion\nimpossible. The execution, singularly, was attended with distressing\ncircumstances. The rope employed broke, another was not at hand: and the\nwretched girl sat crying under the beam, until a man sent into the town\n(in a field outside of which, on the Newcastle road, this scene\noccurred) could return with another cord, with which he was seen\nflogging his horse up to the gallows. So I have been told by grave and\ntrustworthy witnesses.\n\n    F.\n\n_Stanzas in \"Childe Harold\"_ (Vol. iv., p. 223.).--Surely nothing can be\nclearer than the construction in the lines quoted by our correspondent\nT. W.:\n\n      \"Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee--\n      Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?\n      Thy waters wasted them while they were free,\n      And many a tyrant since (has wasted them).\"\n\nTo add one word to confirm what is so transparent, would be merely\noccupying your space without the slightest necessity.\n\n    JAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n  [J. G. R., H. C. K., J. MN., H. L., CHAS. PASLAM, J. A. PICTON, A.\n  E. B., G. S., C. B., SELEUCUS, EDW. S. JACKSON, H. M. A., and many\n  other friends, have kindly furnished similar replies to T. W.'s\n  Query, some at considerable length. We have therefore selected the\n  above, as one of the shortest and first that reached us.]\n\n_Gray and Virgil._--Your correspondent on Gray's plagiarisms (Vol. iii.,\np. 445.) quotes Davenant and Prior as having both forestalled his idea\nwith regard to _sorrow_, that--\n\n              \"Where ignorance is bliss,\n      'Tis folly to be wise.\"\n\nI long since noted these lines as parallel to--\n\n      [Greek: Phron\u00f4 d', ha pasch\u00f4; kai tod' ou smikron kakon;\n      to m\u00ea eidenai gar h\u00eadon\u00ean echei tina\n      nosounta; _kerdos d' en kakois agn\u00f4sia_.]\n\n  Euripid. _Frag. Antiop._ xiii.\n\nIn the next page of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Q. E. D. reasonably defends the\nexpression \"Thamesini _littoris_ hospes.\" The exact distinction between\n_littus_ and _ripa_ is marked indeed by Ovid, where he says of the\nrivers:\n\n      \"In mare perveniunt partim, campoque recepta\n      Liberioris aqu\u00e6, _pro ripis littora pulsant_.\"--_Met._ i. 41.\n\nBut this did not prevent his applying _littora_ to a lake:\n\n      \"Sint tibi Flaminius _Thrasymenaque littora_ testes.\"\n\n  _Fast._ vi. 765.\n\nBoth he and Virgil use _littus_, speaking of the same river:\n\n      \"_Littus adit Laurens_; ubi tectus arundine serpit\n      In freta flumineis vicina Numicius undis.\"\n\n  _Met._ xiv. 598.\n\nHere, however, there might be a question from the context: not so,\nhowever, in _\u00c6n._ vii. 797.:\n\n      \"Qui saltus, Tiberiae, tuos, sacrumque Numici\n      _Littus_ arant.\"\n\nOn the other hand we have _ripa_ for _littus_:\n\n      \"\u00c6quoris nigri fremitum, et trementes\n                              Verbere ripas.\"\n\n  Hor. _Od._ III. xxvii. 23.\n\n    EFFIGIES.\n\n  Stamford.\n\n_Aulus Gellius' Description of a Dimple_ (Vol. iv., p. 134.).--The\ncouplet quoted by your correspondent RT. is from Varro, and I think he\nwill find it given by Mad. Dacier in her edition of Anacreon, under Ode\nxxviii., line 26.:\n\n      \"[Greek: trypherou d' es\u00f4 geneiou],\" &c.\n\n    [Hebrew: A. T.]\n\nIf your correspondent RT. will refer to Gray's _Works_, vol. ii. p.\n164., edited by Mitford, and published by Pickering, 1836, he will find\nthe following note:--\n\n  \"The fragment is not to be found in Aulus Gellius, but in Mori\n  Marcellus, under the word 'Mollitudo.'\"\n\nNow what _Mori Marcellus_ means, I know not: perhaps some of your\ncorrespondents may enlighten me on that point.\n\n    HENRY DYKE.\n\n  Gretworth, near Brackley, Aug. 25. 1851.\n\nThis Mori Marcellus I take to be the same person as Marcellus Nonius, of\nwhom an account is to be found in Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman\nBiography, &c._, vol. ii. p. 937.\n\n    F. BW.\n\n\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nThere is one feature in Murray's _Reading for the Rail_, namely, that of\nmaking the volumes not of one uniform price, but varying from One\nShilling and upwards, the advantages of which are shown very clearly by\nthe first two of the series which have appeared. For it would have been\na difficulty for the most Procrustean of editors to have compressed _The\nEssays from The Times_ within the limits of that capital\nshilling's worth, _The Chase_, by Nimrod. Well do we remember, that on\nthe appearance of that sparkling sketch in the _Quarterly_, in the same\nway that many--who like Michael Cassio,\n\n              \"never set a squadron in the field,\n      Nor the division of a battle knew,\n      More than a spinster,\"\n\nhave watched with the deepest interest the masterly strategy of\nMarlborough, Napoleon, or that greater still, The Duke--hundreds who\nnever set foot in stirrup--who certainly never joined in a view hallo!\nfollowed with the greatest interest and anxiety the adventures of Snob\nand his little bay mare in the Quorn Country. If Mr. Murray does not\nsell ten or twenty thousand copies of this amusing tractate, we shall be\ngreatly deceived. May he sell as many of its more important companion,\n_The Essays from the Times_: for, as he well observes in his prefatory\nnotice to the volume in question, these brilliant Papers on Lord Nelson\nand Lady Hamilton, Railway Novels, Louis Philippe, Southey, &c. exhibit\n\"literary merits and a moral tone well calculated to promote the\nimportant national object\" advocated by that powerful journal in the\narticle on the Literature of the Rail to which the present series owes\nits origin. How many hundreds, nay thousands, must there be who, having\nread these Essays and Reviews in _The Times_, where they were made to\npoint a moral most effectually, have especially desired to possess them\nin a more permanent form; and who, having secured the present admirable\nselection, will look anxiously for the period when Mr. Murray will be\nenabled to give a second volume of them.\n\nAmong the many works illustrative of the history of France--literary,\nsocial, and monumental--for which the French are mainly indebted to the\nenlightened administration of M. Guizot, when Minister of Public\nInstruction, there is not one of greater value than the handsome quarto\npublished by M. Didron, the learned Secretary of the Comit\u00e9 des Arts et\nMonuments, entitled _Iconographie Chr\u00e9tienne_. Of the importance and\nutility of this volume, with its admirable illustrations, every journal\nin this country devoted to art or arch\u00e6ology has exhibited repeated\nproofs: and of the many wonderfully cheap books which Mr. Bohn has from\ntime to time produced, there is not one to compare with the Translation\nof this interesting volume, which he has just put forth under the title\nof _Christian Iconography; or the History of Christian Art in the Middle\nAges. In Two Volumes. Vol. I comprising the History of the Nimbus, the\nAureole, and the Glory, the History of God the Father, the Son and the\nHoly Ghost_. This first volume contains not only nearly the whole of M.\nDidron's quarto; but also between 100 and 150 wood-cuts from the\noriginal blocks. The subject is one almost new to the English public;\nand the book therefore will be found of great interest to the general\nreader, and of especial interest to the artist, the ecclesiologist, the\nAntiquary, and the student of Church History.\n\nCATALOGUE RECEIVED.--Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List No. 57 of Very\nCheap Books.\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nTHE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II.\n\nHISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial\nCollections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside,\nEsq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in\ncontinuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th\nVolume.)\n\nRITSON'S ROBIN HOOD. 12mo. London, 1795. Vol. II. (10_s._ will be given\nfor a clean copy in _boards_, or 7_s._ 6_d._ for a clean copy _bound_.)\n\nDR. JOHNSON'S PRAYERS AND MEDITATIONS.\n\nANNUAL OBITUARY AND BIOGRAPHY. Vol. XXXI.\n\nTHEOPHILUS AND PHILODOXUS, or Several Conferences, &c., by Gilbert\nGiles, D.D., Oxon, 1674; or the same work republished 1679, under the\ntitle of a \"Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist.\"\n\nPECK'S COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF ALL THE DISCOURSES WRITTEN BOTH FOR AND\nAGAINST PAPACY IN THE TIME OF KING JAMES II. 1735. 4to.\n\nNICHOLS' LEICESTERSHIRE. Wanted the Vol. containing the Guthlaxton\nHundred.\n\nHARLEIAN MANUSCRIPTS. Index to Vol. IV.\n\nREPORTS OF CHARITY COMMISSION. Vols. VI. VIII. IX.\n\nINDEX TO ADDITIONAL MSS. in the Museum.\n\nFEARNE'S ESSAY ON HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS, 4to.\n\nBISHOP KIDDER'S LIFE OF ANTHONY HORNECK.\n\nTIGHE'S LIFE OF LAW.\n\nMACROPEDII, HECASTUS FABULA. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539.\n\nOMNES GEORGII MACROPEDII FABUL\u00c6 COMIC\u00c6. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo.\n\nOTHONIS LEXICON RABBINICUM.\n\n[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage\nfree_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186.\nFleet Street.\n\n\nNotices To Correspondents.\n\n_We this week present our Readers with an extra half-sheet for the\npurpose of making room for some of the many communications which have\nlong been waiting for insertion. By the end of the present month we\nshall reduce the number of these very considerably, even if we fail in\nour purpose of finding room for all of them._\n\nJ. E. (Homerton) _will find an account of Peter of Blois or Peter\nBlesensis in any biographical dictionary; and very full particulars of\nhim and his work in Mr. Wright's_ Biographia Britannica Literaria\n(_Anglo-Norman Period_).\n\nALPHA BETA'S _Query would give rise to a discussion--which we believe\nwould be fruitless--and would certainly occupy more space than we could\nafford to it. The omission is not general, and probably originated in\ndifferent places from very different causes._\n\nLEICESTRIENSIS _is thanked for his friendly hint, which shall not be\nlost sight of. Even he can hardly be aware of the difficulties we have\nto contend with._\n\nT. C. S. _The_ \"Poetical Coincidence\" _in our next_.\n\nC. H. B. _In our next if possible._\n\nR. _will find the subject of_ \"Beating the Bounds\" _or_ \"Parochial\nPerambulations\" _treated very fully in Brand's_ Popular Antiquities,\nVol. i. p. 191 (_ed. Ellis_) 1841. _For_ \"Gospel Trees\" _he is referred\nto our_ 2nd Vol. pp. 407. 496.\n\nJ. M. B. _Dr. Smith's_ Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and\nGeography, _price one guinea, is the cheapest work upon the subject. Dr.\nSmith's larger dictionaries contain more information; but they are, of\ncourse, more expensive._\n\nH. G. D. _Will our correspondent favour us with copies of the ballads to\nwhich he refers?_\n\nJ. ALLASON _will find his Query respecting_ \"Apr\u00e8s Moi le D\u00e9luge\"\n_discussed in our_ 3rd Vol. pp. 299. 397.\n\n REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Medical Use of Pigeons--Rasher--Herschel\nAnticipated--Battle of Brunanburgh--Locust of New\nTestament--Vermin--Discovering the drowned--Sir J. Davies--Island of\n\u00c6gina--Stanza in Childe Harold--Log Book--Winchester Execution--Suicides\nburied in Cross Roads--Prophecies of Nostradamus--Anagrams--Gray's\nProgress of Poetry--History of Hawick--Meaning of Mop--Archbishop of\nSpalatro--Meaning of Log Ship--Parish Registers--Stickle--Marriage of\nEcclesiastics--Nightingale and Thorn--Borough-English--Praed's\nWorks--William III. at Exeter--Bourchier Family--Story referred to by\nJeremy Taylor--Linteamina and Surplices--Coins of Constantius\nGallus--Berlin Time--Defoe's House._\n\n_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of T. E. H., will\nbe forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by circulating\nthem._\n\nVOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,\nprice 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country\nSubscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped\nEdition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office\nOrder drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet\nStreet; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be\naddressed._\n\n\n\n\nALMANACKS FOR 1852.\n\n  THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER will contain, in\n  addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family\n  Use, a List of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the\n  Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the various Colleges\n  connected with the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various\n  Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete List of all the\n  Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of the\n  Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is added\n  an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of Council on\n  Education, and of the various Training Institutions for Teachers;\n  mostly compiled from original sources.\n\n\nWHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY AND ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR, will contain a\nDiary, with Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for\nPublic Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for\nMemoranda; A List of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the\nChurch, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses; Bishops\nof the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars respecting the\nRoman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with Statistics of the\nvarious Religious Sects in England; Particulars of the Societies\nconnected with the Church; of the Universities, &c. Members of both\nHouses of Convocation, of both Houses of Parliament, the Government,\nCourts of Law, &c. With Instructions to Candidates for Holy Orders; and\na variety of information useful to all Clergymen. Forming a most\ncomplete and convenient Pocket-book for Clergymen.\n\n  JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.\n\n\nNow ready, Price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected.\nDedicated by Special Permission to\n\n  THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.\n\n  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected\n  by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music\n  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,\n  including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,\n  and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical\n  Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco\n  cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell\n  Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office\n  Order for that amount; and by order, of the principal Booksellers\n  and Music Warehouses.\n\n    \"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with\n    our Church and Cathedral Service.\"--_Times._\n\n    \"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this\n    country.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well\n    merits the distinguished patronage under which it\n    appears.\"--_Musical World._\n\n    \"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of\n    Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto\n    appeared.\"--_John Bull._\n\n  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n  Also, lately published, J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and\n  CHANTS as performed at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._\n\n  C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.\n\n\nPLAIN SERMONS, addressed to a Country Congregation. By the late Rev.\nEDWARD BLENCOWE, Curate of Teversal, and formerly Fellow of Oriel\nCollege, Oxford. Fourth edition, foolscap 8vo. cloth, 7_s._ 6_d._\n\n  A SECOND SERIES. New edition, foolscap 8vo. cloth, 7_s._ 6_d._\n\n  A THIRD SERIES. Foolscap 8vo. cloth, 7_s._ 6_d._\n\n    \"The numerous possessors of Mr. Blencowe's former plain but\n    excellent volumes will be glad to receive the third series of his\n    'Plain Sermons addressed to a Country Congregation,' similar in\n    character and texture to the two series which have preceded\n    it.\"--_Guardian._\n\n    \"Their style is simple, the sentences are not artfully\n    constructed, and there is an utter absence of all attempt at\n    rhetoric. The language is plain Saxon language, from which 'the\n    men on the wall' can easily gather what it most concerns them to\n    know.\"--_Theologian._\n\n  GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nPROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE\nBUILDINGS.\n\n      Established 1806.\n      Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._\n      Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._\n      Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._\n\n      _President._\n      The Right Honourable EARL GREY.\n\n      _Directors._\n      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.\n      Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_.\n      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.\n      George Dacre, Esq.\n      William Judd, Esq.\n      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.\n      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird\n      Thomas Maugham, Esq.\n      William Ostler, Esq.\n      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.\n      George Round, Esq.\n      Frederick Squire, Esq.\n      William Henry Stone, Esq.\n      Capt. William John Williams.\n\n      J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.\n\n      _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague\n      Street, Montague Square.\n\n  NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.\n\n  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.\n\n      Date of Policy. 1806\n      Sum Insured. \u00a32500\n      Original Premium. \u00a379  10  10 Extinguished\n      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.\n          \u00a31222   2   0\n\n      Date of Policy. 1811\n      Sum Insured. \u00a31000\n      Original Premium. \u00a3 33  19   2 Ditto [Extinguished]\n      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.\n           \u00a3231  17   8\n\n      Date of Policy. 1818\n      Sum Insured. \u00a31000\n      Original Premium. \u00a3 34  16  10 Ditto [Extinguished]\n      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.\n           \u00a3114  18  10\n\n  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.\n\n       Policy No.  521\n       Date. 1807\n       Sum Insured.  \u00a3900\n       Bonus added. \u00a3982  12  1\n       Total with Additions to be further increased. \u00a31882  12  1\n\n       Policy No. 1174\n       Date. 1810\n       Sum Insured. \u00a31200\n       Bonus added. \u00a31160   5  6\n       Total with Additions to be further increased. \u00a32360   5  6\n\n\n       Policy No. 3392\n       Date. 1820\n       Sum Insured. \u00a35000\n       Bonus added. \u00a33558  17  8\n       Total with Additions to be further increased. \u00a38558  17  8\n\n  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application\n  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the\n  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.\n  50. Regent Street.\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,\n\n  3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\n  FOUNDED A.D. 1842.\n\n      _Directors._\n\n      H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.\n      William Cabell, Esq.\n      T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.\n      G. Henry Drew, Esq.\n      William Evans, Esq.\n      William Freeman, Esq.\n      F. Fuller, Esq.\n      J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.\n      T. Grissell, Esq.\n      James Hunt, Esq.\n      J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.\n      E. Lucas, Esq.\n      James Lys Seager, Esq.\n      J. Basley White, Esq.\n      Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n      _Trustees._\n\n      W. Whately, Esq., Q.C.\n      L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.\n      George Drew, Esq.\n\n  _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P.,\n  Solicitor-General.\n\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\n  VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\n  POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through\n  temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given\n  upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to\n  the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.\n\n  Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share\n  in three-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n      Age   \u00a3  _s._  _d._\n      17    1    14    4\n      22    1    18    8\n      27    2     4    5\n      32    2    10    8\n      37    2    18    6\n      42    3     8    2\n\n      ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\n\nNow ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT\nBUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment,\nexemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,\n&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life\nAssurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life\nAssurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.\n\n\nTHE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CXCII., is published THIS DAY, the 11th inst.\n\n  CONTENTS:\n\n         I. COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY: BOPP.\n        II. DENNISTOUNS' DUKES OF URBINO.\n       III. SOURCES OF EXPRESSION IN ARCHITECTURE: RUSKIN.\n        IV. JUVENILE DELINQUENTS.\n         V. MIRABEAU'S CORRESPONDENCE.\n        VI. THE METAMORPHOSES OF APULEIUS.\n       VII. NEAPOLITAN JUSTICE.\n      VIII. THE ANGLO-CATHOLIC THEORY.\n        IX. THE CATALOGUE OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION.\n            NOTE TO ARTICLE VI. OF LAST NUMBER.\n\n  London: LONGMAN and Co. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK.\n\n\nJust published, in fcap. 8vo. with Wood Engravings, price 5_s._ bound in\ncloth,\n\n  INDIAN MISSIONS IN GUIANA. By the Rev. W. H. BRETT.\n\n    \"An interesting volume, well calculated for helping forward the\n    Church's Missions, by inducing persons to consider the subject who\n    would put aside mere Official Statement and Report. For Parochial\n    Libraries, and for furnishing materials for such Popular Lecture\n    Readings as we have advocated, this volume is admirably\n    adapted.\"--_English Churchman._\n\n  London: Published for the Society for the Propagation of the\n  Gospel, by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nJust published, fcap. 8vo. cloth, price 2_s._; gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._\n\n  VERSES FOR 1851. In Commemoration of the Third Jubilee of the\n  Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. Edited by the Rev.\n  ERNEST HAWKINS.\n\n  Also, fcap. 8vo. price 1_s._ 6_d._, with a new Map of the Bishop's\n  Route,\n\n  JOURNAL OF THE BISHOP OF CAPETOWN'S VISITATION TOUR in 1850.\n\n  The Journey herein recorded occupied nine months, and was\n  performed mostly in a waggon, or on foot, through the Karroo, the\n  Orange Sovereignty, Natal, Faker's Territory, British Kaffraria,\n  and the eastern province.\n\n  The above, with the BISHOP'S JOURNAL of 1818, may be had in one\n  volume, cloth, price 3_s._\n\n  London: Published for the Society by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet\n  Street; HATCHARD and SON, Piccadilly.\n\n\nJust published, price 1_s._\n\n  DEVOUT MUSINGS ON THE BOOK OF PSALMS, Part IV., containing Psalms\n  CXI. to CL. (being a new Part of the DEVOTIONAL LIBRARY, edited by\n  Dr. HOOK.)\n\n  [Star symbol] The complete book in 2 vols., price 5_s._ cloth.\n\n  Leeds: RICHARD SLOCOMBE. London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nARNOLD'S DEMOSTHENES, WITH ENGLISH NOTES.\n\n  In 12mo., price 4_s._\n\n  THE PHILIPPIC ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES, with ENGLISH NOTES, from\n  the best and most recent Sources. Edited by the Rev. THOMAS\n  KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of\n  Trinity College, Cambridge.\n\n  Also, by the same Editor (uniformly printed),\n\n  1. THE ORATION OF DEMOSTHENES ON THE CROWN. 4_s._ 6_d._\n\n  2. THE OLYNTHIAC ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES. 3_s._\n\n  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.\n\n\nLONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. Jame's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness\nPrince ALBERT.\n\n  This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000\n  volumes for which additions are constantly making, both in English\n  and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for use of the\n  members, supplied with the best English and foreign periodicals.\n\n  Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription,\n  2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._\n\n  By order of the Committee.\n\n  September, 1851.\n\n  J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.\n\n\nTHE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXVIII., is published THIS DAY.\n\nCONTENTS:\n\n         I. WIDOW BURNING IN INDIA.\n        II. LIFE OF BISHOP KEN.\n       III. PURITANISM IN THE HIGHLANDS.\n        IV. MIRABEAU AND COUNT DE LA MARCK.\n         V. SIR THOMAS BROWNE--WILKIN'S EDITION.\n        VI. THE LEXINGTON PAPERS.\n       VII. LYELL ON LIFE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT.\n      VIII. PAPAL PRETENSIONS.\n        IX. REVOLUTIONARY LITERATURE--FRENCH AND ENGLISH.\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nIn a few days, royal 4to., half bound, 38 Plates, 1_l._ 11_s._ 6_d._,\nColoured 2_l._ 2_s._,\n\n  ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND; being examples of\n  Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of\n  Historical Interest, &c. Drawn and Etched by WILLIAM B. SCOTT,\n  Government School of Design, Newcastle, containing--Antiquities in\n  Jarrow Church--Swords of Cromwell, Lambert, Fairfax, &c.--Norman\n  Wall Paintings--Antiquities in York Minster--Rosary of Mary Queen\n  of Scots--Antiquities at Hexham--Stained Glass, &c. in Wetheral\n  Church--Figures of the Apostles in Carlisle Cathedral--Drinking\n  Vessels, Carvings, &c.\n\n    \"A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the decorative\n    branch of art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a\n    very competent hand. Many of the objects possess considerable\n    interest: such as the chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's\n    sword and watch and the grace-cup of Thomas \u00e0 Becket. All are\n    drawn with that distinctness which makes them available for the\n    antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for the\n    study of decorative art.\"--_Spectator._\n\n  Parts 3 and 4 may be had to complete Sets; price together, 10_s._\n  Plain, 15_s._ Coloured.\n\n  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nANGLO-SAXON.\n\n  1. ETTMUELLERI LEXICON ANGLO-SAXONICUM. Vorda Vealhst\u00f4d Engla and\n  Seaxna, cum Synopsi Grammatica. 838 pp. 8vo. 1851. 13_s._ 6_d._\n\n  2. ETTMUELLERI ANGLO-SAXONUM PO\u00cbTAE ATQUE SCRIPTORES PROSAICI\n  quorum partim integra opera partim loca selecta. 328. pp. 8vo.\n  1851. 5_s._\n\n  3. CAEDMON'S BIBLISCHE DICHTUNGEN, herausg. von Dr. BOUTERWECK.\n  Text complete. 8vo. 1819. 4_s._\n\n  4. KOENIG AELFRED u. seine Stelle in der Geschichte Englands, von\n  Dr. R. PAULI. 8vo. 6_s._\n\n  WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.\n\n\nTHE PRIM\u00c6VAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK.\n\n  THE PRIM\u00c6VAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J. J. A. WORSAAE, Member\n  of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and\n  applied to the illustration of similar Remains in England, by\n  WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With\n  numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. 10_s._ 6_d._\n\n    \"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is\n    its arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject\n    illustrated by well-executed engravings.... It is the joint\n    production of two men who have already distinguished themselves as\n    authors and antiquarians.\"--_Morning Herald._\n\n    \"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book\n    is in all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms\n    has executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and\n    has appended many curious and interesting notes and observations\n    of his own.\"--_Guardian._\n\n    \"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our\n    readers, is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly\n    interesting and important work.\"--_Arch\u00e6ological Journal._\n\n  See also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850.\n\n  Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand, London.\n\n\nNOTICE.--The Volume of PROCEEDINGS of the ARCH\u00c6OLOGICAL INSTITUTE at\nSALISBURY will be ready in a few days, uniform with the former volumes.\nPrice to Subscribers 16_s._ All who wish to have the volume are\nrequested to send their names at once to the Publisher, Mr. BELL, 186.\nFLEET STREET.\n\n  [Star symbol] The price will be raised on the day of publication.\n\n\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, October 11. 1851.\n\n\n\n\n      [List of volumes and pages in \"Notes and Queries\", Vol. I-IV]\n\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |\n      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |\n      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |\n      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |\n      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |\n      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |\n      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |\n      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |\n      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |\n      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |\n      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |\n      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |\n      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |\n      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |\n      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |\n      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |\n      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |\n      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |\n      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |\n      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |\n      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |\n      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |\n      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |\n      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |\n      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |\n      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |\n      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |\n      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |\n      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |\n      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |\n      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |\n      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |\n      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |\n      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |\n      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |\n      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |\n      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |\n      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |\n      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |\n      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |\n      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |\n      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |\n      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |\n      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |\n      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |\n      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |\n      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |\n      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |\n      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |\n      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |\n      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |\n      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |\n      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |\n      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |\n      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |\n      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |\n      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |\n      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |\n      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |\n      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |\n      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |\n      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |\n      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |\n      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851       | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |\n      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |\n      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |\n      +------------------------------------------------+------------+","title":"Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 102, October 11, 1851: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":24189}