{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_38966/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_38966","id":"gutenberg_38966","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38966","summary":null,"tags":["Association of the Miraculous Medal","Category: Biographies","Category: History - Religious","Category: Religion/Spirituality"],"text":"Produced by Michael Gray (Diocese of San Jose)\n\n\n\n\n  The Manifestation of\n  the Miraculous Medal\n\n  ---\n\n  A Brief Account of Its History and of the Establishment of the\nAssociation\n\n\n\n  _O Mary Conceived Without Sin_\n  _Pray for Us Who Have Recourse to Thee_\n\n\n\n  ---\n\n  Published by\n  THE ASSOCIATION OF THE MIRACULOUS MEDAL\n  St. Mary's Seminary, Perryville, Mo.\n\n\n\n    IMPRIMI POTEST\n(Die 18, Junii 1918)\n         THOMAS FINNEY, C. M.\n         _Visitator Prov. Occidentalis._\n\n     NIHIL OBSTAT\nS. Ludovici, die 20 Junii 1918.\n          F. G. HOLWECK,\n                _Censor Theol_.\n\n     IMPRIMATUR\nS. Ludovici, die 21 Junii 1918.\n          JOANNES JOSEPHUS,\n          _Archiepiscopus S. Ludovici._\n\n\nHis Grace, the Most Reverend Archbishop of St. Louis, in a letter to\nthe Director, has heartily approved of the establishment of the\nAssociation of the Miraculous Medal at St. Mary's Seminary,\nPerryville, Mo.\n\n\n\nMISSOURIAN PRINTING & STY CO., CAPE GIRARDEAU\n\n\n\n  THE ASSOCIATION\n  OF THE MIRACULOUS MEDAL\n  IN HONOR OF\n  THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION\n\n---\n\nThe object of this Association is to spread and to increase devotion\nto Mary under the title of her Immaculate Conception; and one of the\nmost efficacious means for the accomplishment of this aim is the\nMedal known as Miraculous.\n\nA brief account of the supernatural origin of this medal and of the\nstatutes of the Association will prove of interest and help to all\ndevout clients of our Blessed Mother.\n\n  SISTER CATHERINE\n\nThe weak and lowly does God choose to confound the strong and\nworldly-wise, and so in His inscrutable designs, when He would reveal\nto the Church the marvelous blessings of the Miraculous Medal, He\nchose for this great mission an humble Daughter of Charity. She was\nZoe Laboure, called in community life Sister Catherine. This saintly\nchild of God was born on May 2, 1806, at Fain-les-Moutiers, a village\nof the Cote-d'Or, in France.\n\nZoe had not reached her eighth year when death took her pious mother,\nand henceforth this peasant child felt that Mary, the Consoler of the\nAfflicted, would be her only Mother.\n\nFrom the time of her First Communion at the age of twelve years, she\nfelt an abiding desire to give herself unreservedly to her Divine\nMaster. The choice of her vocation was decided in a remarkable\nmanner. When she was eighteen a venerable priest appeared to her in a\ndream, and told her that one day she would be happy to come to him\nand that God had great designs on her. Sometime after she saw a\npicture of this holy priest, and, on inquiring, she learned he was\nnone other than St. Vincent de Paul. After many trials and sufferings\nshe finally succeeded in overcoming all obstacles to her vocation,\nand in the beginning of the year 1830 she entered as postulant the\nhouse of the Sisters of Charity at Chatillon. Her soul was happy in\nthe thought that He who watches over our ways had brought her through\nstorm and trouble to the calm and peace of the religious life.\n\nOn April 21, 1830, she entered the Seminary of the Daughters of\nCharity. During her novitiate she received many supernatural favors--\nthe most remarkable of which was the Manifestation of the Miraculous\nMedal.\n\nIn the month of January, 1831, Sister Catherine received the holy\nhabit of a Daughter of Charity; and she was then sent to the hospital\nof Enghien in the faubourg Saint Antoine of Paris. For forty-six\nyears she labored there in the most humble duties, ever faithful to\nthe rules and leading a life hidden with Christ in God. She always\nmanifested a great love for the poor and a wonderful devotion to our\nBlessed Mother. On December 31, 1876, the final summons came, and she\npassed from the shadows of earth to the eternal realities and joys of\nher Heavenly Home.\n\nSister Catherine was declared Venerable by Pius X on December 11,\n1907.\n\n[Note to the electronic edition: Sister Catherine was declared a\nSaint by Pius XII on July 27, 1947.]\n\n  THE MANIFESTATION OF THE MIRACULOUS MEDAL\n\n  _The First Apparition_\n\nSister Catherine in the simplicity of her heart had an ardent desire\nto see the Blessed Virgin, and she prayed earnestly that she might\nobtain this favor. The first apparition was vouchsafed her in the\nchapel of the Mother House of the Sisters in Paris on July 18, 1830.\nOur Blessed Mother appeared to her coming from the right side of the\naltar and seating herself on the left side of the sanctuary in the\nplace usually occupied by the Director of the Sisters. Our Lady told\nSister Catherine that she would be charged with a mission, that she\nwould have many trials in fulfilling it, but that the thought of\nGod's glory would enable her to overcome all difficulties. The\nBlessed Virgin foretold the evil events that would come on France,\nand that the whole world would be in sorrow. \"But come,\" said our\nHoly Mother, \"to the foot of this altar. There graces will be\nshowered on you and on all those who shall ask for them, rich or\npoor.\"\n\n  [Illustration: The First Apparition]\n\n  First Apparition of Mary Immaculate to Sister Catherine Laboure\n  July 18, 1830. Eve of the Feast of St. Vincent de Paul.\n\n  _The Second Apparition._\n\nThe second apparition of our Immaculate Mother to Sister Catherine\ntook place towards the end of November in the same year. We give the\nnarration in her own words:\n\n\"The 27th of November, 1830, which was a Saturday and eve of the\nfirst Sunday in Advent, whilst making my meditation in profound\nsilence, at half-past five in the evening, I seemed to hear on the\nright hand side of the sanctuary something like the rustling of a\nsilk dress, and glancing in that direction, I perceived the Blessed\nVirgin standing near St. Joseph's picture; her height was medium, and\nher countenance so beautiful that it would be impossible for me to\ndescribe it. She was standing, clothed in a robe the color of auroral\nlight, with high neck and plain sleeves. Her head was covered with a\nwhite veil, which descended on each side to her feet. Her hair was\nsmooth on the forehead, and above was a coif ornamented with a little\nlace and fitting close to her head. Her face was only partially\ncovered, and her feet rested upon a globe, or rather a hemisphere (at\nleast, I saw but half a globe). Her hands were raised about as high\nas her waist, and she held in a graceful attitude another globe (a\nfigure of the universe). Her eyes were lifted up to Heaven, and her\ncountenance was radiant as she offered the globe to our Lord.\"\n\nThen Sister Catherine tells us of the rings of precious stones that\ncovered the fingers of our Blessed Mother. From these stones darted\nforth the brightest rays--symbols of the graces which Mary Immaculate\nbestows on all who ask for them. \"There now formed around the Blessed\nVirgin,\" continues Sister Catherine, \"a frame slightly oval, upon\nwhich appeared in golden letters these words: 'O Mary, conceived\nwithout sin, pray for us who have recourse to thee.'\n\n\"Then I heard a voice which said: 'Have a medal struck from this\nmodel; persons who wear it indulgenced will receive great graces,\nespecially if they wear it around the neck; graces will be abundantly\nbestowed upon those who have confidence.' Suddenly the picture seemed\nto turn...\" The reverse of the picture bore the letter M\nsurmounted by a cross, having a bar at its base and beneath the\nmonogram of Mary were the hearts of Jesus and Mary, the first\nsurrounded with a crown of thorns, the other transpierced with a\nsword.\n\n  [Illustration: The Second Apparition]\n  Second Apparition\n  November 27th, 1830.\n\n  _The Third Apparition._\n\nFather Aladel, C. M., her director, treated these relations of Sister\nCatherine with coldness and severity, and he even forbade her to\nbelieve in them. She made every effort to obey, but nothing could\nefface the consoling memory of these visitations. In December she\nagain had an apparition of our Blessed Mother, the same as that of\nNovember 27, except that in this third manifestation the Blessed\nVirgin did not remain near the picture of St. Joseph, but passed\nbefore it and stood to the rear of the Tabernacle, a little above it.\nAgain Sister Catherine was told to have a medal struck according to\nthis model.\n\n  [Illustration: The Third Apparition.]\n  Third Apparition.\n  Manifestation of the Miraculous Medal to Sister Catherine.\n\n  THE MIRACULOUS MEDAL\n\nSister Catherine was most anxious to carry out the command of her\nheavenly Visitant, but she met with many difficulties, because her\nprudent director feared to be precipitate, and he wished to take\nevery precaution in so important a matter. Finally, with the approval\nof Mgr. de Quelen, Archbishop of Paris, the first medals were struck\non June 30, 1832. When it came to details of the medal, difficulty\narose as to how our Blessed Mother should be represented, as she had\nnot always appeared in the same attitude. After serious deliberation\nit was decided to adopt the existing model of Mary Immaculate with\nher hands extended.\n\nThe medal soon spread throughout France, and then throughout the\nworld by reason of the miraculous cures both of soul and body that\nwere wrought through it. In Paris and Lyons nearly eighty million of\nthese medals had been struck by 1879.\n\nAt the request of the Superior General of the Congregation of the\nMission and of the Daughters of Charity, Leo XIII granted to the two\nCommunities a feast with special Mass and Office in honor of Mary\nImmaculate under the title of the Miraculous Medal. This feast is\nyearly celebrated on November 27.\n\n  CONVERSION OF ALPHONSE RATISBONNE\n\nOne of the most noteworthy conversions brought about by means of the\nmedal was that of Alphonse Ratisbonne a staunch believer in Judaism\nand much opposed to the Catholic church. On his way to the East he\nvisited Rome, where he became acquainted with Baron deBussiere,\nhimself a convert to the faith. The latter used every argument to\nbring Ratisbonne to the true faith, but his efforts were in vain.\n\nHe succeeded however in getting Ratisbonne to wear a medal, which the\nlatter accepted reluctantly enough. A few days later they happened to\nenter the church of S. Andrea delle Frate, and while deBussiere paid\na short visit to the nearby monastery Ratisbonne was left alone to\nlook about the church. Suddenly he was seized with an indescribable\nemotion, and raising his eyes to the chapel of St. Michael where the\nlight seemed to be concentrated, there in the midst of the light the\nBlessed Virgin appeared full of majesty and sweetness--just as she is\nrepresented on the medal. At the same time an irresistible force drew\nhim towards her. She made a sign with her hand that he should kneel,\nand seemed to say to him, \"All is well.\" In that instant he\nunderstood all, and rose a changed man. He had entered the church a\ndevotee of Judaism he left it an humble follower of Him who came to\nsave the lost sheep of the house of Israel. This apparition took\nplace on January 20, 1842. Several years later Ratisbonne became a\npriest and devoted his life to the conversion of his former\ncompatriots in Palestine.\n\n  THE ASSOCIATION OF THE MIRACULOUS MEDAL\n\nThe center of this Association is established at the Mother-House of\nthe Daughters of Charity, Paris.\n\nIn the Acta Apostolicae Sedis the following statutes were approved\nJuly 8, 1909, by Pius X.\n\n  STATUTES\n\n  _Article 1_\n\nThe Association of the Holy Medal in Honor of the Immaculate\nConception has been established as a living and perpetual memorial of\nthe apparition of Mary Immaculate, which took place (at the Chapel of\nthe Daughters of Charity, Rue du Bac, Paris) in the year 1830, the\nfeast of which is celebrated on November 27. At this apparition the\nBlessed Virgin herself clearly indicated the design of the\ncommemorative medal that was to be struck. The medal spread and\nwrought wonders, and thus received from the faithful the title\n\"Miraculous.\"\n\n  _Article 2_\n\nThe end or aim of the Association is to render due honor to Mary\nImmaculate, first by sanctifying ourselves, and second by\ncontributing to the sanctification of our neighbor by means of the\nMiraculous Medal. The medal is an efficacious symbol of this double\nsanctification, by virtue of the promises attached to it by Mary\nherself.\n\n  _Article 3_\n\nThe Association canonically erected in each diocese is governed,\naccording to its own laws and usages, by diocesan directors,\nappointed by their respective bishops, but under the authority of one\ndirector general.\n\n  _Article 4_\n\nBy virtue of a rescript of His Holiness Pius X (June 3, 1905), the\nsame privileges and indulgences granted to the Association of the\nScapular of the Immaculate Conception (blue scapular) have been\nextended to the Association of the Holy Medal of the Immaculate\nConception (Miraculous Medal).\n\n    _Article 5_\n\nAll the faithful of both sexes may become members of this Association\nand sharers in its privileges. The only condition is that they wear\nthe medal suspended from the neck on the breast, when the medal has\nbeen blessed and imposed by a priest delegated to do so according to\nthe rite approved by Leo XIII (April 19, 1895).\n\n  _Article 6_\n\nThe principal feast of the Association is November 27,--Feast of the\nApparition of the Immaculate Virgin of the Miraculous Medal.\n\n  _Article 7_\n\nThe associates incur no new obligation. They are recommended to\nrepeat frequently the invocation inscribed on the medal: \"O Mary\nconceived without sin, pray for us who have recourse to thee.\"\n\nThe Director General of the Association is the Superior General of\nthe Congregation of the Mission and of the Daughters of Charity.\n\nAccording to article 4 of the Statutes, the Indulgences and\nPrivileges of the Association of the Scapular of the Immaculate\nConception (blue scapular) have been extended to the Association of\nthe Miraculous Medal by a Rescript of Our Holy Father, Pius X, June\n3, 1905.\n\nThe following is a summary of these Indulgences and Privileges:\n\n  _Plenary Indulgences_\n\n1. On the day of reception.\n2. A member elevated to the priesthood on the day of his first Mass.\n3. At the hour of death.\n4. During exercises of retreat, once a year.\n5. On the first Sunday of each month.\n6. All the Saturdays of Lent.\n7. On Passion Sunday and on following Friday.\n8. On Wednesday, Thursday and Friday of Holy Week.\n9. On the feast of Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Ascension and\nPentecost.\n10. On feast of Immaculate Conception, Nativity, Purification,\nAnnunciation and Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.\n11. On the principal Theatine feasts; St. Cajetan, August 7;\nExaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14; St. Andrew Avelino,\nNovember 10; St. Joseph, March 19; Blessed Joseph Mary Thomas, March\n24; Finding of the Holy Cross, May 3: Blessed Paul Buralis\n(Theatine), June 17; St. John the Baptist, June 24; St. Peter and St.\nPaul, June 29; Last Sunday of July; Our Lady of Angels of\nPortiuncula, August 2; St. Augustine, August 28; St. Michael the\nArchangel, September 29; Guardian Angels, October 2; St. Teresa,\nOctober 15; All Saints, November 1; and Blessed John Maronius\n(Theatine), December 13.\n\n12. On several other days of the year: on first and last days of\nChristmas novena; once a year during the Forty Hours; on April 12,\nCanonization of St. Cajetan; once a year on a day appointed by the\nDirector General.\n\n13. The indulgences of the Roman Stations on days specified in Roman\nMissal on condition that one visit a church containing an altar of\nOur Blessed Mother and pray for the ordinary intentions. (If the\nTheatines have a church in the place, that church is to be visited.--\nPius IX, December 3, 1847).\n\n14. The indulgences of the seven Roman Basilicas twice a month\n(conditions same as last above).\n\n15. Twice a month the indulgences granted those who visit the Holy\nLand and the Holy Sepulcher (conditions as in 13).\n\n16. All the indulgences granted those who visit the seven Roman\nBasilicas, the Portiuncula Indulgence and the Jerusalem and\nCompostella indulgences, on condition that one recite six Our\nFathers, six Hail Marys and six Glorias in honor of the adorable\nTrinity and of the Immaculate Mother of God, to obtain the exaltation\nof the Church, the extirpation of heresies and peace and union among\nChristian princes. By a decree of the Congregation of Indulgences\n(March 31, 1859), the indulgences of the seven Roman Basilicas, of\nthe Portiuncula, of Jerusalem and of St. James of Compostella may be\ngained every time (toties quoties) that a member of the Association\nof the Miraculous Medal recites six Our Fathers, six Hail Marys and\nsix Glorias, anywhere, without adding any other prayers and even\nwithout receiving the Sacraments (the state of grace, of course,\nsupposed). All these indulgences are applicable to the souls in\nPurgatory. This decree of the Congregation was confirmed by Pius IX.\nApril 14, 1856.\n\n  _Partial Indulgences._\n\n1. Sixty years for those who make half an hour's meditation.\n\n2. Twenty years for visiting the sick, aiding them spiritually or\ncorporally, or (if the visit be impossible) for reciting for the\nintention of the sick five Our Fathers, five Hail Marys and five\nGlorias.\n\n3. Twenty years may be gained on the feasts of Our Lord, and on the\nfeasts of the Saints of the Augustinian, Dominican, Carmelite,\nTrinitarian and Servite Orders.\n\n4. Seven years and seven quarantines on the minor feasts of the\nBlessed Virgin Mary. And when one goes to confession and Communion,\nwhen one accompanies the Viaticum, when one recites seven Our\nFathers, seven Hail Marys and seven Glorias for the sick who received\nholy Communion. The same indulgences is gained on all the feasts to\nwhich a plenary indulgence is attached by a visit to a church\ncontaining an altar dedicated to our blessed Mother. Confession and\nCommunion are not prescribed for this indulgence. The same, for the\nrecitation of the \"Hail, Holy Queen,\" at vespers, when one prays for\nthe needs of the Church. The same, daily from Septuagesima to Palm\nSunday on condition that one receive Holy Communion and recite seven\nOur Fathers, seven Hail Marys and seven Glorias for the needs of the\nChurch. The same on the feasts of the Invention and Exaltation of the\nHoly Cross, if an alms be given. The same on three Fridays of each\nmonth by receiving Holy Communion. The same on the nine days of\nnovena before Christmas. The same on every Monday, if one visit the\nBlessed Sacrament.\n\n5. Five years and five quarantines daily, if a visit be made to any\nchurch and five Our Fathers, five Hail Marys and five Glorias be\nsaid. An indulgence of three hundred days daily during the Octave of\nPentecost, two hundred days each time that one is present at a\nsermon, sixty days for each pious work, fifty days for piously\ninvoking the holy names of Jesus and Mary, or when one recites an Our\nFather, a Hail Mary and a Gloria in any church for the living and the\ndead.\n\n6. Mass said at any altar for a deceased person who had been rightly\nenrolled in and wore the Miraculous Medal enjoys the spiritual\nadvantage of a Mass said at a privileged altar.\n\n(Vide Rescripta Authentica S. Cong. Ind., p. 574-579.)\n\n  THE ASSOCIATION ESTABLISHED IN THE WESTERN PROVINCE OF THE\nVINCENTIANS\n\nAs may be seen from the Statutes, the object of the Association is\nthe personal sanctification of its members and the sanctification of\nthe neighbor by means of the medal. In order to cooperate in this\nholy and noble work, the Vincentians, or the Priests of the\nCongregation of the Mission, with the approval of the Most Reverend\nArchbishop of St. Louis, have established this Association at their\nCentral House in the Western Province.\n\nThe only condition necessary to become a member of the Association is\n\"to wear the medal suspended from the neck, on the breast. The medal\nmust be blessed and imposed by a priest delegated to do so according\nto the rite approved by Leo XIII.\" This faculty will be granted to\nany priest for the asking. Application should be made to the Reverend\nVisitor, or the Reverend Director of the Association, St. Mary's\nSeminary, Perryville, Mo. In the Eastern Province of the United\nStates, address Reverend Visitor, or Reverend Director of the\nAssociation, St. Vincent's Seminary, Germantown, Pa.\n\n  _UNION OF MASSES_\n\nIn connection with the Association we have established a Union of\nMasses. Three monthly Novenas of Masses are offered for all members\nbelonging to the Union of Masses, one in our Seminary Church at\nPerryville, Mo., the second in St. Vincent's Church, Chicago, and the\nthird in the Chapel of the Apparition at Paris. The names of deceased\nrelatives and friends may be enrolled as members for the Union of\nMasses.\n\nThis booklet together with the miraculous medal, will be sent to each\nliving member.\n\nThe offering for membership is twenty-five cents a year. This\noffering goes to defray the expenses of the Association, and whatever\nremains over and above the expenses is devoted to pious and\ncharitable purposes.\n\nThe Novena of Masses offered at Perryville each month is as follows:\n\n  January: Espousal of Mary, 15th to 23rd.\n  February: Our Lady of Lourdes, 3rd to 11th;\n  March: Annunciation of Mary, 17th to 25th;\n  April: Mother of Good Counsel, 18th to 26th;\n  May: Help of Christians, 16th to 24th;\n  June: Mother of Divine Grace, 12th to 20th;\n  July: Visitation of Mary, 2nd to 10th;\n  August: Assumption of Mary, 7th to 15th;\n  September: Seven Dolors of Mary, 7th to 15th;\n  October: Rosary of Mary, 7th to 15th;\n  November: Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, 19th to 27th;\n  December: Immaculate Conception of Mary, 8th to 16th.\n\nPersons may also enter their names as life members or perpetual\nmembers.\n\nA life member shares during life, and a perpetual member not only\nduring life but also after death in the monthly novena of Masses said\nin perpetuity in the chapel of the Miraculous Medal. Whole families\nmay be enrolled in perpetuity in the Association.\n\nThey also share in the other special Novenas of the Association\nwhenever these Novenas are offered for its members.\n\n  PROMOTERS OF THE ASSOCIATION\n\nSince the chief aim of the Association is devotion to our Immaculate\nMother, we urge all members to strive to spread this devotion among\ntheir friends and acquaintances; in other words, to become Promoters\nof the Association. They should endeavor to form bands of twelve,\nsymbolic of the twelve stars on the Miraculous Medal. Any member\nmaybe a Promoter, and the same Promoter may form many bands of\nmembers. Promoters will receive suitable premiums, and will\nparticipate in three special Novenas of Masses offered each year. One\nin the Chapel of the Miraculous Medal, at Perryville, Missouri, the\nother in the Mother House of Paris where the Blessed Virgin appeared\nto Sister Catherine. The third Novena is offered up in the Church of\nSt. Andrea in Rome, on the altar where our Blessed Lady appeared to\nand converted Alphonse Ratisbonne, a prejudiced Jew.\n\nIn all matters connected with our Association address:\n\n   The Reverend Director,\n        St. Mary's Seminary,\n            Perryville, Mo.\n\n  DEVOTION TO MARY IMMACULATE\n\nWe would urge our members to have a constant and ever-increasing\ndevotion to our Blessed Mother. No new obligation is contracted by\nmembers, but they are requested to say frequently the invocation\ninscribed on the medal: \"O Mary conceived without sin, pray for us\nwho have recourse to thee.\" We would also be pleased to receive from\nmembers an account of the special favors and graces they may receive\nthrough Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, for such statements tend to\nmake her powerful intercession better known and to spread devotion to\nher.\n\nYou are well aware that your great work in life, the one thing\nnecessary is your personal sanctification. The one thing we need in\nlife is greater love for Jesus. Day by day our life moves on towards\neternity, and day by day we feel that we must be busy about life's\nsupreme work, its greatest good,--the growing like unto Jesus. Who is\nto assist us in our task, in our daily efforts? Mary, our Mother. She\nis the \"Gate of Heaven,\" the \"Morning Star\" of our life. No one has\never called upon her and been left unaided.\n\nIn joy and sorrow, in peace and trouble, in life's unceasing\nstruggle, when temptations gather and the burden grows heavy, call\nupon Mary Immaculate, and you will find peace and rest to your soul.\nStrive to bring others to know her. Tell them of her beauty and her\nglory, of the marvelous sanctity wherewith God has clothed her. To\nknow her is to love her; and they that find her shall find life and\nshall have salvation from the Lord.\n\nShe is the protectress and guide of youth, the help and strength of\nadvancing years, and the consolation and sweetness of old age.\n\nThrough Mary we shall find Jesus, and to find Jesus is life's hope\nfulfilled,--the completion of our joy, the crown and palm of victory.","title":"The Manifestation of the Miraculous Medal: A Brief Account of Its History and of the Establishment of the Association","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":4199}