{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_39338/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_39338","id":"gutenberg_39338","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39338","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - Other","Category: Journals","Category: Literature - Other","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This\nfile was produced from images generously made available\nby The Internet Library of Early Journals.)\n\n\n\n\n\n[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in\nbrackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on\ntop. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs\nindicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been\nstandardized. A list of volumes and pages in \"Notes and Queries\" has\nbeen added at the end.]\n\n\n\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION\n\nFOR\n\nLITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\nVOL. IV.--No. 110. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6. 1851.\n\nPrice Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n                                                                Page\n\n\n      NOTES:--\n\n      The Aborigines of St. Domingo, by Henry H. Breen           433\n\n      Mitigation of Capital Punishment to a Forger, by\n      Alfred Gatty                                               434\n\n      Passage in Jeremy Taylor                                   435\n\n      Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple                   435\n\n      Folk Lore:--Death Omen by Bees                             436\n\n      The Caxton Coffer                                          436\n\n      Minor Notes:--Mental Almanac--Corruptions recognised\n      as acknowledged Words--Pasquinade--Epigram\n      on Erasmus--Etymology of London--Verses on\n      Shipmoney--Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna                 436\n\n      QUERIES:--\n\n      Additional Queries respecting General James Wolfe          438\n\n      Christianity, when first introduced into Orkney            439\n\n      The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607                      440\n\n      Minor Queries:--\"The Don,\" a Poem--John Lord\n      Frescheville--Meaning of \"Pallant\"--Rectitudines\n      Singularum Personarum--Sir Henry Tichborne's\n      Journal--Round Towers at Bhaugulpore--Johannes\n      Trithemius--Races in which Children are named after\n      the Mothers--Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys,\n      and Residents from Foreign Courts--Critolaus\n      and the Horatii and Curiatii--Cabal--\"Thus said the\n      Ravens black\"--Symbols in Painting--Latin Verse\n      on Franklin--General Moyle--Musical Compositions\n      of Matthew Dubourg--Collodion, and its Application\n      to Photography--Engraved Portrait--Lines by Lord\n      Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to\n      forgive her Son when on her Death-bed                      441\n\n      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Kimmeroi, Cimbri,\n      Cymry--Dictionary of Musicians--City of London\n      Charter--St. Alkald                                        444\n\n      REPLIES:--\n\n      Plaids and Tartans                                         445\n\n      Religious Statistics                                       445\n\n      Royal Library                                              446\n\n      Damasked Linen                                             446\n\n      Vermin, Payments for Destruction of                        447\n\n      Was Raleigh in Virginia?                                   448\n\n      Replies to Minor Queries:--Bunting's Irish\n      Melodies--Colonies in England--\"History of Anglesey,\"\n      &c.--The Lowey of Tunbridge--Praed's Works--John\n      \u00e0 Cumber--Punishment of Prince Edward of\n      Carnarvon--Joceline's Legacy--Bristol Tables--Grimsdyke\n      or Grimesditch--Derivation of \"\u00c6ra\"--Scent of the\n      Bloodhound--Monk and Cromwell Families--\"Truth is that\n      which a man troweth\"--\"Worse than a Crime\"--Verses in\n      Classical Prose--Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru--Nolo\n      Episcopari--Hougoumont--Call a Spade, a Spade--\"Tace is\n      Latin for a Candle\"--Collars of SS.--Locusts of the New\n      Testament--Theodolite--\"A Posie of other Men's\n      Flowers\"--Voltaire--Sina\u00eftic Inscriptions--Le Greene\n      at Wrexham--Cross-legged Effigies--The Word \u1f08\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u1f78\u03c2\n      --Finger Pillories--Blackloana Heresis--Quaker\n      Expurgated Bible--\"Acu tinali merida\"                      452\n\n      MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     459\n\n      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               460\n\n      Notices to Correspondents                                  460\n\n      Advertisements                                             460\n\n\n\n\nNotes.\n\n\nTHE ABORIGINES OF ST. DOMINGO.\n\nPerhaps you will kindly permit me to have recourse to \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\" for the purpose of pointing out one or two errors in a letter\nfrom Sir R. Schomburgk, which was read at the meeting of the British\nAssociation on the 3rd July last, section of Geography and Ethnology.\nThis communication, entitled \"Ethnological Researches in Santo Domingo,\"\nand addressed to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, contains the\nfollowing statement: I quote from the _Athen\u00e6um_ of the 5th July:--\n\n  \"The extirpation of the pure Indian race prevented me from making\n  comparative inquiries between the still existing tribes of Guiana,\n  and those that once inhabited St. Domingo. My researches were\n  therefore restricted to what history and the few and poor\n  monuments have transmitted to us of their customs and manners.\n  Their language lives only in the names of places, rivers, trees,\n  and fruits; but all combine in declaring that the people who\n  bestowed these names were identical with the Carib and Arawaak\n  tribes of Guiana.\"\n\nThe last sentence in this passage is obviously erroneous. That the\naboriginal inhabitants of the great Antilles (Santo Domingo, Cuba,\nPorto-Rico, and Jamaica,) were identical with, or descended from, the\nArawaaks of Guiana, is an opinion which has long prevailed, and which\nthe circumstances stated by Sir R. Schomburgk tend to confirm. Indeed,\nthey are described by most writers as Indians _or_ Arawaaks. But that\nthere was any identity between the Indians and the tribes known by the\nname of Caribs, is an assertion totally at variance with the established\nfacts. In support, however, of this assertion, Sir R. Schomburgk appeals\nto \"history;\" but what history, he does not state. I have perused, and\nstill possess, almost every work that was ever written on the history of\nthese islands; and they all lead to the conclusion, that the Indians of\nSanto Domingo (also called Hispaniola and Haiti) were a totally distinct\nrace from the Caribs. The Indians were a mild, inoffensive people; the\nCaribs a race of savages, some say, cannibals. The former were indolent\nand effeminate; the latter fierce and warlike. In short, no two races\never presented such a striking disparity, not only in their manners and\ncustoms, but in their features and personal appearance.\n\nThe second error into which Sir R. Schomburgk has fallen, is where he\nsays:\n\n  \"There are various proofs that the Caribs inhabited Santo Domingo;\n  among others, I found at the eastern point of the island, called\n  Junta Enga\u00f1o, numerous heaps of conch shells.\"\n\nThe fact is, that the Caribs were the mortal enemies of the Indians.\nThey were engaged with them in the fiercest warfare, and made frequent\ndepredatory incursions into Santo Domingo and the other large islands.\nBut they never formed any settlements in those islands, and cannot be\nsaid to have \"inhabited\" any of them, in the sense in which that word is\nused by Sir R. Schomburgk.\n\nWhenever the Caribs in any of the lesser Antilles projected an\nexpedition against the Indians, they provided themselves with clubs and\npoisoned arrows, and set off in their canoes. On their way, they touched\nat most of the other small islands; and with their conch shells, of\nwhich they always kept a supply, they summoned their brother Caribs to\njoin the expedition. As the fleet of canoes approached St. Domingo (the\nprincipal theatre of their depredations) they glided silently along the\ncoast, and secreted themselves in some sheltered bay, till the darkness\nof the night enabled them to emerge from their hiding places. Then, with\nthe most savage yells and war-whoops, accompanied by the blowing of\nshells, they pounced upon the nearest village, beating down with their\nclubs such of the Indians as had not taken refuge in flight. In these\nencounters, however, the Caribs were not always victorious. If the\nIndians were less robust and warlike than their invaders, they were also\nfar more numerous; and it sometimes happened that the Caribs were driven\nback to their canoes with much slaughter. In all hand-to-hand conflicts\nthe conch shells would easily get detached, or, becoming an incumbrance,\nwould be thrown aside; and the Indians, finding them on the field of\nbattle, may be supposed to have piled them up as so many trophies.\n\nAs the Caribs were incited to these incursions by the prospect of\nplunder among a race of people their superiors in the arts of\ncivilisation, but chiefly from their inveterate hatred to the Indians,\nso the moment they had accomplished their object, they lost no time in\nretreating from a country where a longer sojourn would only have\nafforded their enemies an opportunity of risings _en masse_, and\nexterminating them by the superiority of their numbers.\n\nThese facts are sufficient to account for the heaps of shells found by\nSir R. Schomburgk, and for the other traces of the Caribs which he\nappears to have discovered in St. Domingo, without resorting to the\nsupposition that the Caribs had actually \"inhabited\" that island, or\nwarranting the conclusion that the two races were identical.\n\n    HENRY H. BREEN.\n\n  St. Lucia, Sept. 1851.\n\n\nMITIGATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT TO A FORGER.\n\nThe well-known cases of Dr. D. the divine and Mr. F. the banker, who\nwere executed for forgery, notwithstanding the powerful intercessions\nthat were made in their behalf, induced me to suppose that any\nmitigation of punishment under similar circumstances used to be a very\nrare occurrence; and, if so, that a curious instance of successful\napplication for mercy may interest some readers of \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\"\n\nA young man of respectable Scotch connexions settled in a town in the\nnorth of England as a merchant, and soon afterwards made an offer of\nmarriage to a young lady of the same place. Her parents rejected his\nsuit, on the ground of his not being sufficiently established in\nbusiness, and he seemed to acquiesce in their decision. In a short time,\nhowever, the young merchant took possession of larger premises than he\nhad hitherto occupied, and showed other symptoms of wishing to have it\nunderstood that his fortunes were improving. But these appearances were\nof short duration. He was suddenly arrested, and committed to take his\ntrial at the ensuing assizes on several charges of forgery. Immediately\nafter his arrest, a sister of singularly energetic character arrived\nfrom Scotland, and applied to the father of my informant for\nprofessional aid. This gentleman told her that he never touched criminal\nbusiness, and declined to interfere. But she was no common client, and\nit ended in his undertaking to prepare the defence of her brother, and\nreceiving her into his house as a guest. Her immediate object was to\nprevent the prosecutors pressing their charges at the trial; and, by her\nindefatigable management, she succeeded with all, except the L---- bank,\nthe directors of which, as a matter of principle, were inexorable to her\nentreaties. The trial came on at an early period of the assize, and the\nprisoner was found guilty, and condemned to be hanged. His sister left\nthe court, and instantly proceeded to Scotland. There were no railways\nin those days, and she had to rely on coaches and post-chaises, and she\ntravelled for four days and nights successively, without stopping or\nremoving her clothes, and carrying a petition with her from house to\nhouse amongst her titled and powerful Scotch friends.\n\nWith this she returned to the city at which the assizes had been held,\njust as they were concluded. The two judges were in the act of\ndescending through the cathedral nave, after partaking of the holy\nsacrament, when the petitioner cast herself at their feet, and held\nforth her document. Baron G. was notorious for his unflinching obduracy;\nbut her devotion and energy were irresistible. He received her petition;\nand her brother's sentence was eventually commuted to transportation for\nlife. But his story is not yet finished. The forger was placed in the\nhulks prior to transportation; and, before this took place, he had\nforged a pass or order from the Home Secretary's office for his own\nliberation, which procured his release, and he was never afterwards\nheard of.\n\nThis \"Jeanie Deans,\" who was the means of saving the life of her\nunworthy relative, was described to me as a person of extraordinary\nforce of character. Indeed it could not have been otherwise. She\nprevailed with the solicitor, who before had been a stranger both to her\nand her brother; with the main body of the prosecutors; with the\npetitioners in Scotland; and ultimately with the judge himself. My\nfriend, who lived in his father's house during the several weeks she\nstayed there, told me, that, night and morning when he passed her door,\nshe was always in audible prayer; and he was convinced that her success\nwas attributable to her prayers having been _extraordinarily_ answered.\nHer subsequent fate, even in this world, was a happy one. She became a\nwife and a mother, and possibly is so still.\n\n    ALFRED GATTY.\n\n\nPASSAGE IN JEREMY TAYLOR.\n\nIt may not be useless or uninteresting to the readers of Bishop Jeremy\nTaylor to bring under their notice a point in which the editor of the\nlast edition seems to have fallen into an error. In Part II. of the\nSermon \"On the Invalidity of a Death-bed Repentance\" (p. 395.), the\nBishop says:\n\n   \"Only be pleased to observe this one thing: that this place of\n  Ezekiel [_i.e._ xviii. 21.] is it which is so often mistaken for\n  that common saying, 'At what time soever a sinner repents him of\n  his sins from the bottom of his heart, I will put all his\n  wickedness out of my remembrance, saith the Lord:' yet there are\n  no such words in the whole Bible, nor any nearer to the sense of\n  them, than the words I have now read to you out of the prophet\n  Ezekiel.\"\n\nNow the editor, as a reference for this \"common saying,\" says in a\nnote--\n\n  \"+ See Jer. xviii. 7, 8.:\"\n\nwhence I suppose that he thinks that text to be the nearest quotation to\nit that can be found. But he has altogether overlooked the fact that\nthis \"common saying\" is, as the Bishop has here quoted it, the exact\nform in which the first of the sentences at the beginning of Morning\nPrayer occurs in the Second Book of Edward, and down to the time of the\nlast review, with the exception of the Scotch book. As it did not agree\nwith the translation of the Bible then in use, Bishop Taylor seems to\nhave considered it as a paraphrase. This also is the view which\nChillingworth took of it, who makes this reflection on it, in a sermon\npreached before Charles I.:\n\n  \"I would to God (says he) the composers of our Liturgy, out of a\n  care of avoiding mistakes, and to take away occasion of cavilling\n  our Liturgy, and out of fear of encouraging carnal men to security\n  in sinning, had been so provident as to set down in terms the\n  first sentence, taken out of the 18th of Ezekiel, and not have put\n  in the place of it an ambiguous, and (though not in itself, but\n  accidentally, by reason of the mistake to which it is subject) I\n  fear very often a pernicious paraphrase: for whereas they make it,\n  '_At what time soever ... saith the Lord_;' the plain truth, if\n  you will hear it, is, the Lord doth not say so; these are not the\n  very words of God, but the paraphrase of men.\"\n\nThus, I think, it is evident that this \"sentence\" has nothing to do with\nthe passage of Jeremiah to which the editor refers us; and its being\nread continually in the church explains the application of the word\n\"common\" to it in this place.\n\nWhile on this subject I would go on to mention that both Chillingworth\nand Taylor seemed to have erred in calling it a paraphrase, and saying\nthat it does not occur in the Bible; for according to L'Estrange (c.\niii. n. F.) the sentence is taken from the Great Bible, or Coverdale's\ntranslation. It is, however, remarkable that this fact should not have\nbeen known to these divines.\n\n    F. A.\n\n\nPARALLEL PASSAGES.\n\nI send you two parallels on the subject of Death and Sleep, Nature the\nart of God, &c.\n\n      \"How wonderful is death--\n      Death and his brother sleep!\"\n\n      Shelley, _Queen Mab_.\n\n  \"Since the Brother of Death daily haunts us with dying\n  mementoes.\"\n\n  Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n      \"Oh! what a wonder seems the fear of death,\n      Seeing how gladly we all sink to sleep,\n      Babes, children, youths, and men,\n      Night following night, for threescore years and ten!\"\n\n      Coleridge, _Monody on Chatterton_.\n\n      \"A sleep without dreams, after a rough day\n      Of toil, is what we covet most; and yet\n      How clay slinks back from more quiescent clay!\"\n\n      _Byron_ (reference lost).\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n  \"In brief all things are artificial; for Nature is the art of\n  God.\"\n\n  Sir T. Browne, _Religio Medici_, p. 32. (St. John's edit.)\n\n      \"The course of Nature is the art of God.\"\n\n      Young, _Night Thoughts_, IX.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n  \"Princes are like to heavenly bodies, which cause good or evil\n  times, and _which have much veneration, but no rest_.\"\n\n  Bacon, _Essay 20._, \"Of Empire.\"\n\n      \"Kings are like stars--they rise and set--_they have\n      The worship of the world, but no repose_.\"\n\n      Shelley, _Hellas_.\n\nThe following are not exactly parallel, but being \"in pari materia,\" are\nsufficiently curious and alike to merit annotation:\n\n  \"But the common form [of urns] with necks was a proper figure,\n  making our last bed like our first: nor much unlike the urns of\n  our nativity, while we lay in the nether part of the earth, and\n  inward vault of our microcosm.\"\n\n  Sir T. Browne, _Hydriotaphia_, p. 221. (St. John's edit.)\n\n      \"The babe is at peace within the womb,\n      The corpse is at rest within the tomb.\n      We begin in what we end.\"\n\n      Shelley, _Fragments_.\n\n  \"The grave is as the womb of the earth.\"\n\n  Pearson _on the Creed_, p. 162.\n\n    HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Death Omen by Bees._--It is not wonderful that the remarkable instincts\nand intelligence of the honey-bee, its domesticity, and the strong\naffinity of its social habits to human institutions, should make it the\nobject of many superstitious observances, and I think it probable that\nif enquiry be made of that class of people amongst whom such branches of\nfolk-lore are most frequently found lingering, other prejudices\nrespecting bees than those lately noticed by some of your correspondents\nmight be discovered.\n\nIf the practice of making the bees acquainted with the mortuary events\nof the family ever prevailed in that part of Sussex from whence I write,\nI think it must be worn out, for I have not heard of it. But there is\nanother superstition, also appertaining to mortality, which is very\ngenerally received, and which is probably only one of a series of such,\nand amongst which it is probable the practice before-mentioned might\nonce be reckoned. Some years since the wife of a respectable cottager in\nmy neighbourhood died in childbed. Calling on the widower soon after, I\nfound that although deeply deploring a loss which left him several\nmotherless children, he spoke calmly of the fatal termination of the\npoor woman's illness, as an inevitable and foregone conclusion. On being\npressed for an explanation of these sentiments, I discovered that both\nhim and his poor wife had been \"warned\" of the coming event by her going\ninto the garden a fortnight before her confinement, and discovering that\ntheir bees, in the act of swarming, had made choice of a _dead hedge\nstake for their settling-place_. This is generally considered as an\ninfallible sign of a death _in the family_, and in her situation it is\nno wonder that the poor woman should take the warning to herself;\naffording, too, another example of how a prediction may assist in\nworking out its own fulfilment.\n\nSeeing that another P-urveyor to your useful P-ages has assumed the same\nsignature as myself, for the future permit me, for contradistinction, to\nbe--\n\n    \"J. P. P.,\" but not \"CLERK OF THIS PARISH.\"\n\n\nTHE CAXTON COFFER.\n\nDid Caxton ever print his name CAUSTON or CAWSTON, or is it ever found\nso spelt? He tells us, in the preface or prologue to his _Recuyell of\nthe Historyes of Troye_, \"that I was born and learned mine English in\nKent, in the Weald.\" The only locality in Kent which I can discover at\nall approximating in its name to Caxton, is Causton, a manor in the\nparish of Hadlow, in the Weald of Kent, _held of the honor of Clare_.\nThis manor was, in the fourteenth century, possessed by the family of\n\"De Causton;\" how and when it passed from them I have been unable to\nascertain with certainty, possibly not long before the birth of William\nCaxton. In 1436, Beatrice Bettenham entails it on the right heirs of her\nson, Thomas Towne, by which entail it came into the family of Watton of\nAddington Place, who owned it in 1446. The honor of Clare, and the\nforest, &c. of South Frith, closely adjoining Causton, descended through\none of the co-heiresses of Gilbert de Clare to Richard Duke of York,\nfather of the Duchess of Burgundy and Edward IV., whose widow, Cicely,\ncontinued in possession till her death. I name the owners of the manor\nof Causton, and the chief lords of whom it was held, as affording,\nperhaps, some clue to identification, should any of your correspondents\nbe inclined to take up the inquiry. I need hardly add that the\ndifference between the two names of Causton and Caxton is of little\nmoment should other circumstances favour the chances that Causton in\nHadlow may claim the honour of having given birth to our illustrious\nprinter, or that he was descended from the owners of that manor.\n\n    L. B. L.\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Mental Almanac_ (Vol. iv., p. 203.).--The additive number for this\nmonth of December, is 6. Hence next Sunday is 1 + 6 = the 7th of\nDecember. Christmas Day will be 25, less 20, that is 5, or Thursday.\n\n    A. E. B.\n\n_Corruptions recognised as acknowledged Words_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The\nfirst person who settled in Honduras was the celebrated buccaneer\nWallis, in 1638, from whom the principal town and river were named. The\nSpaniards called it _Valis_; and _v_ and _b_ having the same\npronunciation in Spanish, it became _Balis_, then _Balize_, _Belize_,\nthe actual name.\n\n    PHILIP S. KING.\n\n_Pasquinade_ (Vol. iv., p. 292.).--Will A. B. R. allow me to correct one\nor two to typographical errors in the Italian version of his clever\nepigram? In the first place \"_Piu_,\" in both places where it occurs,\nshould be \"_Pio_,\" which the sense demands, while _Piu_ is downright\nnonsense. What A. B. R. _intended_ to write was no doubt:\n\n      \"Quando Papa o' Cardinale\n      Chies' Inglese tratta male,\n      _Quel che_ chiamo quella gente\n      Pio? No-no, _ne_ sapiente.\"\n\nThe alteration in the third line is required both by sense and metre,\nwhich last is octosyllabic; and _chiamo_ is pronounced as a dissyllable,\nas are also _chiesa_ and _-piente_.\n\n    E. S. TAYLOR.\n\n_Epigram on Erasmus._--The following epigram, written in a fly-leaf of a\ncopy of the _Epistol\u00e6 Obscuroram Virorum_, published at Frankfort, 1624,\nin the possession of a friend, is commended to your notice; not,\nhowever, without a suspicion of its having been printed already:\n\n      \"Ut Rhadamantheum stetit ante tribunal Erasmus,\n        Ante jocos scribens serio damnor, ait\n      Cui Judex, libri dant seria damna jocosi,\n        Si tibi culpa jocus, sit tibi poena jocus.\"\n\n      _Anglic\u00e8_, T. CORBETT.\n\n      \"Erasmus standeinge fore hell's tribune said,\n      For writeinge iest I am in earnest paid.\n      The iudge replied, Iests will in earnest hurt,\n      Sport was thy fault, then let thy paine be sport.\"\n\n    D. B. J.\n\n_Etymology of London._--I believe the word London has never yet received\na satisfactory explanation, and it is, perhaps, too late in the day to\ntry to explain it entirely. It has always, however, been supposed that\nit was significant in the old British language. It has been explained as\n\"the town of ships,\" the final syllable _don_, formerly _dun_, meaning a\ntown. Several other explanations have been given also on the same\nprinciple, namely, that the final syllable meant a town or fortified\nplace, and the first was the characteristic distinguishing it from other\ntowns or _duns_ in the neighbourhood.\n\nThis mode of explanation is repugnant to the general principles of\nBritish topographical nomenclature: for they generally put the general\nname first, and the characteristic last. Might the first syllable \"Lon\"\nnot be a corruption of the British \"Llan,\" so common yet in names of\nplaces, and so universally retained in Wales to this day? Llan means a\nlevel place generally, as most of your readers who are versant in those\nsubjects know. The _don_ is not so easily explained, but perhaps some of\nyour readers may be able to assist in finding a meaning.\n\n\"Don\" might indeed still mean an enclosed strong place, and the meaning\nof the whole word \"London\" would then be _Llandun_, or \"the level ground\nnear the fort or strong camp.\" Perhaps some of your correspondents may\nbe able to offer something confirmatory or adverse to this explanation,\nand in either case I should join with the rest of your readers in\nthanking them.\n\n    M. C. E.\n\n_Verses on Shipmoney._--\n\n  \"A coppy of certaine Verses dispersed in and about London in febr.\n  1634 in ye 10th year of ye Raigne of ye King Charls occasioned by\n  ye eager prosecucon of Shipmoney, and Imprisonm'ts therefore.\n\n      \"The Cittie Cofers abounding with Treasure,\n      Can pay this ship Tribute, and doe poor men pleasure\n      To save that Pelfe: the more is the pitty,\n      The Grey Cloaks divide it and yet tax the Citty.\n      A p'sent there being small occasion for Gold\n      Hast thether Collectors, 'tis time it were tould\n      And taken from such citty Asses:\n      Mony whom sly Proiects easily passes,\n      And speedily conveyt to Court\n      Wher they to see it will make sport,\n      And set out Shipps from Puddle dock\n      To scoure ye seas. A pretty mock\n\n        \"If that this ship Tribute be not speedily paid\n        Pycrust Lord Maior saith in Newgate you shall be laid,\n        Wher you shall see rogues, theeves, and vile knaves,\n        Yet none so bad as are Tributarie Slaves.\n\n      \"If men like Pycrust could make so great gain\n      As xx'ty in ye hundred to Irish mens paine\n      For moneys lent, some reason ther were,\n      To pay this ship Tribute w'thout wit or feare.\n\n        \"O crewell hard Pycrust though pay all men must\n        This crewell hard Tribute cause thou art uniust\n        And favourest this Project, when laid in thy grave\n        All good men will say then: Parkhurst was a knave.\n\n      \"Finis.\" (From a MS. at Oxford.)\n\n_Columbus's Bust, &c. at Havanna._--In case you do not happen to possess\na correct copy of the inscription on Columbus's bust and tablet in the\ncathedral at Havanna, I send you one, and my translation of it, for the\nbenefit of those who may not make out the force and beauty of the\n\"\u00e9loge.\"\n\n      \"O restos e imagen del grande Colon,\n      Mil siglos durad guardados en la urna,\n      Y en la remembranza de nuestra nacion!\"\n\n      \"O remains and image of the great Columbus,\n                      [ages]\n      For a thousand centuries rest ye securely in this urn,\n      And in the remembrance of our nation.\"\n\nThe bust is a mean and ill-executed one; although a late \"lady\"\nauthoress _has_ a different opinion of its merits. It is stiff and\nwooden-looking, and, still worse, the right cheek, and _side of the head\ntoo_, are comparatively _flattened_. Within it, built into the wall, are\nthe \"restos,\" the dust and bones, in the urn. Beneath the epitaph is a\ndate of \"1822\"--the year, I presume, of the bust being \"set up.\" It\nstands abreast of the altar, and on the right hand, the head of the bust\nbeing about six feet from the ground. I visited the interesting spot\nonly a few days ago, as soon as possible after my landing, for the first\ntime, in that truly noble city the Havana (or, in the Spanish, Habana).\n\n    A. L.\n\n  West Indies.\n\n\n\n\nQueries.\n\n\nADDITIONAL QUERIES RESPECTING GENERAL JAMES WOLFE.\n\n(Vol. iv., pp. 271. 322.)\n\nI beg to thank the six gentlemen who have so promptly and courteously\nresponded to my Queries respecting this admirable soldier. The\ninformation they have communicated is valuable and interesting, and\ntends to remove much of the obscurity that had attended my researches\ninto the earlier portion of his history; and I feel greatly obliged to\nyour correspondents. Still, some of my Queries are unanswered, and I\nventure to repeat these, in the hope that the information wanted may be\nelicited.\n\n1. Where was James Wolfe educated?\n\n2. His _first_, and subsequent, military services?\n\n3. How long was he stationed in Scotland; on what duty; and in what\nplaces? [He was in the North in 1749 and 1750; but I have reason to\nbelieve some years earlier.]\n\n4. Was he at the battle of Culloden, in 1746?\n\nAs some of the gentlemen, in kindly answering my inquiries, have raised\ncertain points on which additional information may be mutually given and\nreceived, I take leave to offer the following remarks to these\nrespondents, _seriatim_.\n\nI.--To H. G. D.\n\nIn corroboration of your statement, that the correct date of Wolfe's\nbirth is 2nd January, 1727 (not 1726, as alleged by some), I am enabled\nto cite his own authority. One of his autograph letters in my\npossession, dated Glasgow, 2nd April, 1749, states, \"_I am but\ntwenty-two and three months_;\" which answers precisely to your time.\n\nYou mention that his mother came from, or near, Deptford, and that her\nChristian name was Henrietta. I am enabled to mention that her surname\nwas _Thompson_, and that her brother Edward was member of parliament for\nPlymouth, prior to 1759. Does this give you any clue to Wolfe's mother's\nfamily; and particularly whether his maternal grandfather was a military\nman?\n\nMay I further inquire--\n\n1. Whether Wolfe's _father_ was a native of Westerham; or merely\nquartered there when his illustrious son was born?\n\n2. You allude to two houses at Westerham. Were these General Edward\nWolfe's property; or if not, what had led to the family residing there\nso long, as they seem, from your remarks, to have done?\n\n3. Who was Sir Jeffrey Amherst, and in what manner did he \"patronise\nWolfe\"? Was he any relation of the General Amherst, commander-in-chief\nin British America, who was to have supported young Wolfe in the attack\non Quebec in 1759.\n\n4. Who is the present representative of Wolfe's family?\n\nYou mention that you are uncertain when and where James Wolfe _first_\nserved. I have experienced the very same difficulty. It seems strange\nthat his biographers have been so meagre in the details of his life. It\nhas been said that Wolfe's first effort in arms was as a volunteer under\nhis father, in the unlucky expedition against Carthagena, in 1740,\ncommanded by Lord Cathcart. But I cannot find proper authority for this.\n\nYou farther state, that Wolfe was ardently attached to Colonel Barr\u00e9. It\nis curious enough that their introduction to each other was chiefly in\nconsequence of a letter which Barr\u00e9 carried to Wolfe, from the officer\nto whom Wolfe's letters in my possession are addressed. In one of these,\ndated \"Portsmouth, 7th Feb. 1758,\" Wolfe, after speaking favourably of\nBarr\u00e9, states--\n\n  \"I did not know that Barr\u00e9 was your friend, nor even your\n  acquaintance. Now that I do know it, I shall value him the\n  more.... I trust I shall have good reason to thank the man that\n  mentioned him. Nay, I am already overpaid, by the little that I\n  did, by drawing out of his obscurity so worthy a gentleman. I\n  never saw his face till very lately, nor ever spoke ten words to\n  him before I ventured to propose him as a Major of Brigade.\"\n\nAnd he adds:\n\n  \"Barr\u00e9 and I have the great apartment of a three-decked ship to\n  revel in, but, with all this space, and fresh air, I am sick to\n  death. Time, I suppose, will deliver me from these sufferings\n  [sea-sickness], though in former trials I never could overcome\n  it\", &c.\n\nI cordially assent to your encomium on England's young general.\n\nII.--To YUNAFF.\n\nThe lady to whom the affectionate and touching lines you have quoted\nwere addressed was Miss Louther, a sister of Sir James Louther; rich,\nhighly accomplished, and most amiable. Wolfe was to have been married to\nher, had he returned from Quebec. She was very averse to his accepting\nthe command. But nothing could stay his military ardour, even though in\nindifferent health. Well might the epithet be applied to him--\"favourite\nson of Minerva.\"\n\nMiss Louther was an object of general sympathy, after her brave lover's\nfall; and some of the periodicals of the day contain beautiful verses,\naddressed to her, appropriate to the occasion. This lady's _name_ is not\nmentioned in any of Wolfe's letters in my possession; but an _allusion_\nis made to her incidentally. She was a favourite with the old general\nand Mrs. Wolfe. In one of the early letters a graphic description is\ngiven by young Wolfe of another lady of rank, with whom he was much\nsmitten. That was before he paid his addresses, however, to Miss\nLouther. But I do not feel at liberty to break the seal of confidence\nunder which this information was communicated in Wolfe's letter, though\nat the distance of one hundred years, by mentioning farther particulars.\n\nMay I ask if the verses in your possession are signed by Wolfe; or in\nhis autograph; and dated? It would be very interesting to have precise\ninformation, tending to identity Wolfe as the author of these lines.\n\nIII.--To W. A.\n\nI shall be glad to know the contents of the petition, dated February,\n1746, and of the six letters mentioned by you. They may throw some light\non Wolfe's history. Will you allow me to communicate with you on this\nsubject, by letter, through the Editor, as I reside at a distance from\nLondon?\n\nIV.--To J. H. M.\n\nThe packet of Wolfe's letters in my possession was never shown to\nSouthey. They were discovered only three years ago. I believe Southey\nintended to write a memoir of Wolfe, but I am not aware that he carried\nhis intentions into effect. The letters in my care were published in\n_Tait's Edinburgh Magazine_, December, 1849, under the title \"Original\nCorrespondence of General Wolfe.\" I shall feel obliged by any\ninformation you possess regarding the _other_ collection of Wolfe's\nletters which you believe to exist. Pray, where are they to be seen?\n\n    [Gh.]\n\nP.S.--Since expressing my acknowledgments to the other gentlemen who\nhave kindly answered some of my inquiries respecting Wolfe, I have had\nthe pleasure to peruse the information communicated by J. R. (Cork), and\nI beg to thank him for his courtesy. The sketch he has given of Wolfe's\nancestors is very interesting, the more so, as J. R. mentions he is\nhimself connected with Wolfe's family. Would J. R. be kind enough to\nsupply information on the following additional points, viz.:\n\n1. In which of the English counties did Captain George Wolfe, who\nescaped after the siege of Limerick, settle?\n\n2. Was the son of this officer (father of General Edward Wolfe) also a\nmilitary man, or a civilian; and what was his Christian name?\n\n3. The birth-place of General Edward Wolfe, father of the hero of\nQuebec.\n\nAnswers to these Queries would connect some of the broken links in the\nhistory of one of the most gallant and skilful young generals that\nEngland ever entrusted with her armies.\n\n    [Gh.]\n\nGeneral Wolfe's executor was General Warde, of the family of Squerries,\nnear Westerham, by whom the epitaph was written, which is now over the\nsouth door of Westerham church. General Warde's nephew and executor was\nGeneral George Warde, who by that means became possessed of several very\ninteresting objects, viz., an original portrait of Wolfe, representing\nhim with his natural red hair. After some time the natural red was\nconverted, by water colours, into a powdered wig; consequently a sponge\nand clean water would restore it to its original state. Another portrait\nof Wolfe painted after his death by West; he is represented sitting and\nconsulting a plan of military operations. West has given him the same\ncountenance in which he appears in the celebrated picture of his death.\nWhen West was offered the original portrait on which to form this\npicture, he declined making use of it, as he had already committed\nhimself in the historical portrait, and it would not do for him to alter\nit, and send out in his name two different portraits. Gen. G. Warde also\npossessed Wolfe's short sword and black leather letter-case, and a\ncollection of original letters; among which was one of much interest,\nwhere Wolfe, mentioning the flattering terms in which he was spoken of\nby the public and high military authorities, says, that unwarranted\nexpectations were raised, and that to maintain his reputation he might\nbe driven into some desperate undertaking.\n\nI write all this from memory, but my details cannot be very far from\ncorrect.\n\n    GRIFFIN.\n\n\nCHRISTIANITY, WHEN FIRST INTRODUCED INTO ORKNEY.\n\nChristianity is believed to have been introduced into Orkney before the\nNorwegian conquest by King Harold Harfager, in 895; but the race who\ninhabited the country at that period are said to have been extirpated or\ndriven out by the Scandinavians, who were worshippers of Odin and Thor.\nIn the end of the tenth century, the King of Norway, Olaf Tryggveson,\nrenounced Paganism for Christianity, which he forced both on Norway and\nOrkney at the point of the sword. M. Depping, in his _Histoire des\nExp\u00e9ditions Maritimes des Normands_, tom. ii. p. 60. ed. 1826, states\nthat Sigurd, the second Earl of Orkney (whose brother Ronald, Earl of\nM\u00e6re, the first Norwegian Earl of Orkney, was the common ancestor of the\nEarls of Orkney and Dukes of Normandy), drove the Christians out of\nOrkney. This was towards the beginning of the tenth century. It has been\noverlooked by Barry, the local historian, or unknown to him, who\nmentions (p. 123.) the introduction by King Olaf Tryggveson as either\nthe first introduction, or at least the final establishment of the\nChristian religion. I have looked into Torf\u00e6us' _Orcades_, the\nOrknayinga Saga, and the Sagas of the two kings, Harold Harfager and\nOlaf Tryggveson, in Mr. Laing's translation of Snow's Hermskringla, and\nhave not found the expulsion of the Christians by Sigurd mentioned in\nany of those works. Will some of your learned correspondents be so\nobliging as to point out M. Depping's authority for this fact? I have\njust now fallen in with a curious example of the rude Christianity of\nthe Northmen, who worshipped both Thor and Christ, and the passage is\nperhaps worth quoting. Torf\u00e6us, in his _Orcades_, p. 15., mentions a\nScandinavian chief called Helgius, who lived in Iceland about 888, and\nsays:\n\n  \"Christianis sacris quibus infans initiatus est, per totam vitam\n  adh\u00e6sit, valde tamen in religionis articulis rudis; nam Thorem, ad\n  ardua negotia, itineraque maritima feliciter expediunda,\n  invocandum, c\u00e6tera Christum dictitavit, tanquam cum Thore divisum\n  imperium habentem. Simile Witichendus Monachus et Sigebertus\n  Gemlansensis, de Danis, in primis religionis incunabulis,\n  prodidere.\"\n\n    W. H. F.\n\n\nTHE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607.\n\nThis work, both in the original edition, and in the reprint of Bergomi,\n1608, is reputed to be of extreme rarity. Mr. Mendham, in his _Literary\nPolicy of the Church of Rome Exhibited, in an Account of her Damnatory\nCatalogues or Indices, both Prohibitory and Expurgatory, &c._, 2nd ed.,\nLondon, 1830, calls it \"perhaps the most extraordinary and scarcest of\nall this class of publications,\" p. 116., while all of the class are\nknown to be by no means of common occurrence. Clement (_Biblioth\u00e8que\nCurieuse_, art. \"Brasichellensis,\" v. ccvii.) designates the Roman\nedition as \"_extr\u00eamement_ rare;\" and (note 48., p. 211 a.) says of the\nother, \"cette \u00e9dition de Bergame est encore plus rare que celle de\nRome.\"\n\nNow Clement informs us that \"on a copi\u00e9 l'\u00e9dition de Rome de 1607 \u00e0\nRatisbonne, vers l'an 1723, sur de beau papier;\" and Mr. Mendham says\nthat this was done by \"Serpilius, a priest of Ratisbon, in 1723,\" and\nthat the copy so closely resembled the original \"as to admit of its\nbeing represented as the same.\" Accordingly, Clement says that it was\nfurtively sold as the genuine work, until the announcement of an\nintended reprint by Hessel, at Altorff, in 1742, induced the owner of\nthe remainder of the Ratisbon counterfeit to avow his fraud. Then, Mr.\nMendham says, it \"appeared with a new title-page, as a second edition.\"\nOf _that_ circumstance Clement makes no mention.\n\n\"The original and counterfeit editions of this peculiar work are\nsufficiently alike to deceive any person who should not examine them in\nliteral juxtaposition; but upon such examination the deception is easily\napparent,\" says Mr. Mendham, p. 131. The natural inference from this is,\nthat _he has_ so examined them.\n\nHis mention of the Bodleian \"copy of the original edition\" may warrant\nthe belief that he has made use of it. The fact that Dr. James, \"chief\nkeeper\" of the Bodleian, used and cited the Roman edition in his\n_Treatise of the Corruptions of Scripture, Councils and Fathers, &c._ in\n1612, may further warrant the belief that the copy in that library is an\nindubitable original, placed where it is before the counterfeit was\ngotten up.\n\nIf these inferences are correct, I have, what I much desire, a criterion\nby which to distinguish the counterfeit from the genuine Roman edition.\nYet I hardly dare to trust it, because it involves a charge of\ncarelessness against Clement, who is not often justly liable to such\nreproach.\n\nHe says, \"J'ai eu le bonheur d'acqu\u00e9rir l'\u00e9dition originale de Rome.\" He\ntherefore either copied the title of what he thought a genuine edition,\nor carelessly substituted that of the counterfeit.\n\nNow I have a copy of what purports to be the Roman edition, the title of\nwhich, agreeing exactly neither with Clement nor with the title given by\nMr. Mendham (p. 116.), yet coincides with the latter in one curious\nparticular, which seems to identify it with Mr. Mendham's genuine\noriginal, while its rare disagreements from Clement's distinguish it\nfrom that. Mr. Mendham's transcript of the title runs:\n\n  \"Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti.\n  Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri pr\u00e6 c\u00e6teris\n  desiderati emendantur, Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen Sacri\n  Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et public\u00e6\n  commoditati \u00e6ditus. Rom\u00e6, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. MDCVII.\n  Superiorum Permissu.\"\n\nIn this there are two observable peculiarities: 1. The full-stop after\n\"confecti,\" breaking the grammatical construction; 2. The omission of\nsuch a stop (as a sign of contraction) after the portion of a word,\n\"Brasichellen,\" from which the final syllable \"sem\" has been dropped, as\nappears in the archetype, for want of room.\n\nThat Mr. Mendham faithfully copied this last peculiarity is shown by his\nown singular misconception of the word, which he has taken to be\ncomplete, and on p. 130. writes of \"_Brasichellen_, or _Guanzellus_;\" a\nmistake into which he has been led by Jugler, whom he is there\nreporting; Jugler, as quoted in the note, seeming to have been led into\nit by Zobelius.\n\nThe peculiarity which has thus led Mr. Mendham, and before him Zobelius\nand Jugler, into error, does not appear in Clement's title. It runs:\n\n  \"Indicis Librorum Expurgandorum in Studiosorum gratiam confecti,\n  Tomus Primus. In quo Quinquaginta Auctorum Libri pr\u00e6 c\u00e6teris\n  desiderati emendantur. Per Fr. Jo. Mariam Brasichellen. Sacri\n  Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum corpus redactus, et public\u00e6\n  commoditati \u00e6ditus. Rom\u00e6, ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost. M.DC.VII.\n  Superiorum Permissu.\"\n\nBoth the peculiarities pointed out in Mendham's copy are wanting in\nthis; and a third difference is, that where Mendham, after \"emendantur,\"\nhas a comma, this has a full-stop. All these differences are\ncorrections, and therefore more likely to be found in a reprint, than\nthe reverse.\n\nMy copy agrees with Mendham in the two peculiarities first remarked; but\nwith Clement in the last. It has, beside, another peculiarity which\nneither has retained, but resembling those of Mendham's copy. After the\nword \"auctorum\" there is a full-stop, breaking the grammatical\nconstruction just as that after \"confecti\" does.\n\nThese circumstances lead me to think my copy one of the genuine edition,\nand to suppose that Mendham's was of the same; in which case, Clement\nmust have either carelessly given the title of the counterfeit, while he\nhad the genuine at hand (as he says); or, still more carelessly,\nmiscopied the genuine; or deceived himself with the belief that he had\nthe genuine, while he had only a counterfeit.\n\nIt is singular that there is room for a similar doubt about the Bergomi\nedition of this work. Of that, too, I have what purports to be a copy;\nbut am led by Clement's description of the Altorff edition to have\nmisgivings that it may have been made as studiously a counterfeit of the\nBergomi edition, as its predecessor of Ratisbon had been of that of\nRome. In all the particulars of which Clement says, \"Ceux qui auront\nl'\u00e9dition de Bergame, pourront juger sur ce d\u00e9tail, si la copie\nd'Altorff la repr\u00e9sente exactement ou non,\" my copy _does_ agree with\nhis description; and it may be that some of the Altorff copies bear a\nfalse title, with Bergomi as the imprint.\n\nThe genuineness of this book is of no ordinary interest. It is one of\nthe most damaging witnesses against Rome, to convict her of conscious\nfraud. How much its evidence is dreaded, is proved by the industrious\nsuppression that has made it of so great rarity.\n\nMay I not hope, therefore, that some of your readers who have access to\nthe Bodleian will inform me through your columns--\n\n1. Whether any copy there, purporting to be of the Roman edition, can be\nidentified as having been in the library before 1723?\n\n2. Whether the title of such copy (if there be any) agree with Mr.\nMendham's, or Clement's, or mine?\n\n3. Whether there is in that library (or elsewhere in England) an\nundoubted copy of the Bergomi edition?\n\nA copy of the titles of the Ratisbon and Altorff editions would also be\ndesirable; and (if they could be identified) any distinguishing note of\nthe Ratisbon counterfeit, _e.g._ the signature marks of its preliminary\nsheet.\n\n    U. U.\n\n  Baltimore, U. S. A.\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n313. _\"The Don,\" a Poem._--This is an old work illustrative of the local\nantiquities, ancient families, castles, &c., on the banks of the Don, in\nAberdeenshire. It is said to have been written during the usurpation of\nOliver Cromwell by a Mr. Forbes of Brux, in the immediate neighbourhood.\nOne of the ablest of our local antiquaries states, that he has never\nbeen able to satisfy himself of the existence of any edition of that\npoem earlier than that of the quarto one of 1742, which seems to have\nbeen reprinted from an edition of the year 1655; but is so thoroughly\nredolent of the spirit of a later age, that it is not possible to\nbelieve it to have been written in the seventeenth century. All\nsubsequent editions (and they have been numerous) have reference to an\nedition of 1655. In 1655, it is said to have been originally written by\na Mr. Forbes of Brux, as before stated, and published the same year,\nwith a few historical notes, and reprinted in 1674; and again in 1742,\nwith little or no alteration, and continued in that state until 1796;\nwhen Mr. Charles Dawson, schoolmaster of Kemnay, added a few more notes,\nand offered it to the public as his own composition in a small 12mo.\npamphlet!!! price 4_d._; which met with such encouragement, that a\nsecond edition appeared in 1798, with more copious notes, price 6_d._ An\nenlarged edition in 8vo. was published in Edinburgh in 1814. In 1819,\nMr. Peter Buchan of Peterhead, the editor of _Scottish Ballads_,\n_Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads_, &c. &c., published an edition, price\n6_d._, which sold well; and in 1849, another edition was printed at the\nHattonian Press, Fintray, Aberdeenshire, by John Cumming. I should be\nglad to hear if any of your correspondents have seen an edition of 1655\nor 1674?\n\n    STONEHAVEN.\n\n314. _John Lord Frescheville._--It is stated in the printed notices of\nthis individual, with whom expired, in 1682, the barony of Frescheville\nof Stavely, co. Derb., that he was engaged, on the side of the king, at\nthe battle of Edge Hill. I have no reason to doubt the truth of the\nstatement: but I should like to know whether his name occurs in any of\nthe contemporary accounts of the fight at that place, or rather Keynton;\nor whether he is anywhere mentioned in the royal musters. I think a\ncorrespondent of the \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" indicated an acquaintance with\nsome local information relative to this affair, and the persons engaged\nin it.\n\n    D.\n\n315. _Meaning of_ \"_Pallant._\"--While staying in the neighbourhood of a\nsmall country town in the south of England, I was requested to drive a\nfriend to call on an acquaintance who lived in _The Pallant_ in the said\ntown. The word being an uncommon one, we naturally conversed on its\nprobable derivation and meaning, but without arriving at a satisfactory\nconclusion. I have since seen it used in a number of Dickens' _Household\nWords_, where the scene of a ghost story is laid in an old house, or\nstreet (I forget which), called _The Pallant_. What is its true\nsignification?\n\n    A DEVONIAN.\n\n316. _Rectitudines Singularum Personarum._--This interesting Anglo-Saxon\ndocument is necessarily well known to many of your readers. Will they\nfavor me with a Note, stating what they consider to be its date? In the\nmean time, I will say that it is not improbable that the date may be\nreferrible to _temp._ Ethelredi II. The service of _S\u00e6 weard_ is\ninsisted upon, and it is fair to suppose that such would not have been\nthe case if the _textus_ had been written at a period anterior to those\ntimes, when the coast was wasted by the piratical incursions of the\nNorthmen. In the title \"thegnes riht\" it is mentioned in priority to\n\"heafod weard\" and \"fyrdweard.\" It is again mentioned in the title\n\"cotsetlan riht.\" This document was doubtless written by a priest, and\nprobably by a secular one, for some of its concluding words show a\nhabit, or at least a possibility, of migration on the part of the\nwriter, viz.:\n\n  \"Be th\u00e6re theode theawe, the we th\u00e6nne onwuniath.\"\n\nThe Latin translation, which accompanies the original, is of a date\nmanifestly later than the Norman Conquest. The phraseology which it\nexhibits, and the gross mistakes which it contains, are sufficient\nevidence of the fact.\n\nIn the title \"be thaw the beon bewitath,\" the words \"self l\u00e6dan\" are\ntranslated \"ipse minare.\" Sometimes the translator does not understand\nhis original: in the first title he converts \"bocriht\" into \"testamenti\nrectitudo;\" and of the words \"sceorp to frithscipe,\" he leaves the first\nword as he finds it.\n\n    H. C. C.\n\n317. _Sir Henry Tichborne's Journal._--I should be obliged to any of\nyour numerous correspondents or readers for any information given\nrespecting a diurnal written by Sir Henry Tichborne, third baronet of\nTichborne, co. Hants, of his _Travells into France, Italy, Loretto,\nRome, and other places, in the years 1675, 1676, and 1678_.\n\nIs the original in existence, or where might this MS. be found? Has any\nof your readers seen or heard of it?\n\nI may here remark it is not in the possession of the family, neither\nhave they yet been able to trace it.\n\n    THE WHITE ROSE.\n\n  Winchester.\n\n318. _Round Towers at Bhaugulpore._--Lord Valentia (_Travels to India,\n&c._) gives views of these towers, and the following description of\nthem:--\n\n  \"They much resemble those buildings in Ireland, which have\n  hitherto puzzled the antiquaries of the sister kingdoms, excepting\n  that they are more ornamented. It is singular that there is no\n  tradition concerning them, nor are they held in any respect by the\n  Hindoos of this country. The Rajah of Jyenagur considers them as\n  holy, and has erected a small building to shelter the great number\n  of his subjects, who annually come to worship here.\"\n\nThis is but a meagre account of them; and if any of your readers can\ngive further information respecting them, and especially on the religion\nof those who go to worship at them, they will confer a great favour on\nyour querist. Bhaugulpore seems to be about half-way between Calcutta\nand Patna, at some distance off the great road; and Jyenagur must be\nsome 800 miles distant. The dominant race in the latter are Rajpoots,\nbut there appear to be inferior races; which are the worshippers? What\nis the meaning of Bhaugulpore? has it any relation to Baal? Jeypoor is\nanother name for Jyenagur.\n\n    DE CAMERA.\n\n319. _Johannes Trithemius._--In my possession is a book entitled _Liber\nde Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis_, by the above author; the date of its\npublication 1494. Can any one inform me who Trithemius was, and whether\nthe book, in point of accuracy, is to be relied on?\n\n    A. W. H.\n\n320. _Races in which Children are named after the Mothers._--Will some\ncorrespondent favour me with a list of the races in which the children\nare named, or take their titles, or inherit property after their\nmothers, and not after their fathers; and where descent in any form is\nreckoned on the mother's side? I have a list of some, but I fear a very\nimperfect one; and all additions to it, with a memorandum of the\nauthority on which the statement is made, will be very valuable to me. I\nwish the instances to be fetched as well from ancient as from modern\nnations.\n\n    THEOPHYLACT.\n\n321. _Foreign Ambassadors, Ministers, Envoys, and Residents from Foreign\nCourts._--Will any of your readers inform me where there may be found\nthe best, or any list of personages filling these diplomatic posts,\nbetween the 1st of King Henry VIII. and the end of the reign of King\nJames II.?\n\n    S. E. G.\n\n322. _Critolaus and the Horatii and Curiatii._--Has any writer on early\nRoman history noticed the extraordinary similarity, even in the minutest\nparticulars, of the combat between the Horatii and Curiatii, followed by\nthe murder of a sister of the former by her brother, for mourning for\none of the opposite party, to whom she was betrothed, to the similar\ncircumstances related of Critolaus the Tegean? The chances of two such\ntransactions resembling each other so closely appear so very small, that\nthere can be no doubt of one story being a copy of the other: but which\nwas the original? I have no doubt the Roman historians adopted this tale\nfrom the Greeks, to diversify the barren pages of their early history.\nAt all events, such a person as Critolaus undoubtedly existed, which is\nmore than can be averred of the Roman hero. (See _Encyc. Brit._, art.\n\"Critolaus.\")\n\n    J. S. WARDEN.\n\n  Balica.\n\n323. _Cabal._--I should like to know the earliest use of this word as\nsignifying \"a secret council,\" and, as a verb, \"to plot or intrigue.\"\nPepys applies it to the king's confidential advisers several years\nbefore the date (1672) when Burnet remarks that the word was composed of\nthe initials of the five chief ministers; and Dryden uses the verb in\nthe sense I have mentioned. Can any of your correspondents trace either\nverb or noun to an earlier period, or explain this application of it?\nThe Hebrew verb _kibbal_ signifies \"to receive;\" and the _Cabbala_ was\nso called from its being \"traditionary,\" not from its being \"secret.\" A\npopular error on this point may, however, have given rise to the\nabove-mentioned application of the word.\n\n    E. H. D. D.\n\n324. \"_Thus said the Ravens black._\"--In what modern poem or ballad do\nthe following or similar lines occur?\n\n                ---- \"thus said the ravens black,\n      We have been to Cordova, and we're just come back.\"\n\n    D. B. J.\n\n325. _Symbols in Painting._--In a painting of the Crucifixion by Guido\n(?) the following accessories are introduced, the meaning of which I\ncannot discover: the persons present are four, two of whom are evidently\nthe Virgin and St. John; but the other two, who are both old men, are\ndoubtful. On the ground, at the foot of the cross, is a skull and some\nbones; and at one side of the picture is a monster, somewhat like a\ngigantic toad, with his foot on a book; and at the other side lies a\nbell, with a twisted cord attached to it: the monster and the skull\nmight be symbolical of sin and death, but what can the bell mean? It is\na singular object for an artist to have introduced without some\nparticular meaning; but the only instance I know of its use, is in the\npictures of St. Anthony (in the fourth century), who is generally\nrepresented with a bell in his hand. Perhaps some of your correspondents\nmay be able to explain its meaning in this painting. Can the handbell\nrung in Roman Catholic churches at the elevation of the host have any\nconnexion with the subject in question?\n\n    B. N. C.\n\n  Oxford.\n\n326. _Latin Verse on Franklin._--Can you inform me who wrote the line on\nFranklin:\n\n      \"Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque Tyrannis?\"\n\n    HENRY H. BREEN.\n\n  St. Lucia.\n\n327. _General Moyle._--Who was General John Moyle, who died about 1738?\nHe resided, if he did not die, in Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk.\n\n    BURIENSIS.\n\n328. _Musical Compositions of Matthew Dubourg._--I am induced, while\npreparing for the press a new edition of my _opusculum_ on the _violin_,\nto seek your kind mediatorial aid in behalf of an object which some one\nor other of your correspondents, acquainted with Irish matters of the\nlast century, may _possibly_ enable me to attain. I am desirous of\nlearning whether there be _extant_ any of the musical compositions\n(especially the violin _solos_ and _concertos_) of my progenitor,\nMatthew Dubourg, who held the post of director and composer to the\nking's band in Ireland, from 1728 until, I believe, his death in 1767.\n\nAs I do not know that any of these compositions (which appear to have\nbeen called forth by immediate occasions) were ever _printed_, my hope\nof now tracing them out is perhaps more lively than rational. If they\nhave existed only in a manuscript state, it is but too possible that the\nbarbarian gripe of the butterman may long ago have suppressed what\nvitality was in them. I cannot, however, relinquish the idea that a\ndusty oblivion, and not absolute destruction, may be the amount of what\nthey have undergone; and that they _may_ still exist in such condition\nas to be, at least, more susceptible of resuscitation than disinterred\n_mummies_. I have the honour to be, Sir, yours wistfully,\n\n    G. DUBOURG.\n\n  Brighton.\n\n329. _Collodion, and its Application to Photography._--May I ask for\ninformation as to the first discoverer of Collodion, and the origin or\nderivation of the name? I should also be glad to know by whom it was\nfirst applied to photogenic purposes.\n\n    A PHOTOGRAPHER.\n\n330. _Engraved Portrait._--Will some of your correspondents who are\nconversant with the history of engraved English heads, oblige me by\nnaming the original of a copper-plate print in my possession, and also\nwith the conclusion of the verses beneath, the lower part of the plate\nbeing mutilated. The verses, as far as I have them, run thus:\n\n      \"Here you may see an honest face,\n      Arm'd against envy and disgrace;\n      Who lives respected still in spite\n      .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .\"\n\nThe addition of the names of the painter and engraver will increase the\nobligation.\n\n    HENRY CAMPKIN.\n\n331. _Lines by Lord Chesterfield on Queen Caroline's supposed Refusal to\nforgive her Son when on her Death-bed._--In Coxe's _Life of Sir Robert\nWalpole_ (vol. i. p. 549.), we read, in the account of the death of\nQueen Caroline, as follows:\n\n  \"The tongue of slander has even reproached her with maintaining\n  her implacability to the hour of death, and refusing her pardon to\n  the prince, who had humbly requested to receive her blessing. To\n  this imputation Chesterfield alludes in a copy of verses\n  circulated at the time:\n\n      \"'And unforgiving, unforgiven dies.'\"\n\nCan any of your readers refer me to the remainder of this copy of\nverses?\n\n    PROEM.\n\n\nMinor Queries Answered.\n\n_Kimmeroi, Cimbri, Cymry._--There appears to be a growing belief that\nthe Gomerid\u00e6 of the Bible, the Kimmeroi of the Greeks, the Cimbri of the\nRomans, and the Cymry or Kymry of Wales, belong to the same family; the\nfew words remaining of their language are to all appearance Kymraeg; and\nrecently there was some likelihood of having more light thrown upon this\nsubject. Kohl, the German traveller, visited the remnant of the Cimbri\ndefeated by Marius, and was told that \"_sette commune parlano Cimbro_.\"\nIs the language of these Lombard Kimbri like that of the Kymry of Wales?\nM. Kohl states that a professor at Padua was about to publish the\nremains of their language; but I have not seen any subsequent notice\nrespecting them. The inquiry is highly interesting, and will I trust be\ntaken up by some persons who may be in position to obtain further\ninformation; and I hope soon to see a few specimens of their language in\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES.\"\n\nRitson, in the notes to his work on the Celts, has these remarks on the\nlanguage of this Cimbric remnant:\n\n  \"Their language, which was thought to be a corrupt German, was\n  found upon closer inquiry to be very pure Danish. Signor Marco\n  Pezzo has written a very learned dissertation on this\n  subject.\"--Page 288.\n\nWhat is the title of this work? I am very desirous to obtain further\ninformation on this subject, and invite attention to this people and\ntheir Kimbro speech.\n\n    T. STEPHENS.\n\n  Merthyr Tydfil.\n\n  [The title of Pezzo's work is, _Dei Cimbri Veronesi, e Vicentini_,\n  libri ii. Terza edizione. 8vo. Verona, 1763. This edition is in\n  the British Museum.]\n\n_Dictionary of Musicians._--I have now before me _A Dictionary of\nMusicians_, &c., second edition, 2 vols. 8vo., Longman and others, 1827.\nI should be glad to know whether there is any more recent edition, or\nanybody engaged in preparing one; or whether there is any more recent\nand complete work of the kind. This one contains much information, but\nmight be greatly improved by omissions, corrections, and additions.\n\n    AN AMATEUR.\n\n  [_The Biographical Dictionary of Musicians_ noticed by our\n  correspondent is very incorrect in its details. There is another\n  work of the same kind in preparation, but is not expected to be\n  published for some months. The latest works on the subject are the\n  German _Lexicon der Tonkunst_ in several 8vo. volumes, and that by\n  M. Fetis, which appeared about four years since at Brussels, and\n  pronounced both comprehensive and correct.]\n\n_City of London Charter._--What was the cause of the City charter being\nforfeited in the year 1683?\n\nIn a trial, _The King_ v. _The City of London_, judgment was given\nagainst the City, whereby the charter was forfeited.\n\n    S. E. G.\n\n  [An information brought against the Mayor and citizens of London\n  was \"for usurping of divers franchises and liberties within the\n  said city, and for assuming to themselves an unlawful power to\n  levy several great sums of money, as well upon the said citizens\n  of London as strangers; and in particular upon those which come to\n  the markets of the said city, by colour of the laws and ordinances\n  in their Common Council by them in fact ordained and established,\n  without any other right or authority.\" The circumstance which gave\n  occasion for this _quo warranto_ to be brought against the City\n  charter, was a petition the Court of Aldermen and City made to the\n  King, upon his prorogation of Parliament, when they were going to\n  try several noblemen concerned in the Popish plot; but especially\n  for their printing and publishing the petition, which was\n  considered seditious. For particulars relating to this celebrated\n  trial, we must refer our correspondent to the following\n  tracts:--_The Case of the Charter of London Stated_, fol. 1683.\n  This is an ingenious treatise against the charter. _A Defence of\n  the Charter and Municipal Rights of the City of London_, by Thomas\n  Hunt, 4to.; _The Lawyer Outlawed; or a Brief Answer to Mr. Hunt's\n  Defence of the Charter_, 4to. 1683; _The Forfeitures of London's\n  Charter, or an Impartial Account of the several Seisures of the\n  City Charter_, 4to. 1682; _Reflections on the City Charter, and\n  Writ of Quo Warranto_, 4to. 1682; _The City of London's Plea to\n  the Quo Warranto_, (an information) _brought against their Charter\n  in Michaelmas Term_, 1681, fol. 1682. A summary account of the\n  whole proceedings will be found in Maitland's _History of London_,\n  vol. i. pp. 473-484.]\n\n_St. Alkald._--Upon looking over a sheet of the Ordnance Map lately\npublished, on which part of the parish of Giggleswick is laid down, I\nfind that the patron saint, to whom the church is dedicated, is St.\nAlkald. No calendar that I have access to mentions any such saint. I\nshall be obliged by any of your correspondents giving me some account of\nhim, or referring me to any book where I may read his history.\n\n    F. W. J.\n\n  [In _The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated_, published\n  by Parker of Oxford, p. 181., our querist will find\n\n  \"_S. Alkald_ or _Alkilda_ was commemorated March 28. The church of\n  Giggleswick, Yorkshire, is named in honour of this saint, and the\n  Collegiate Church of Middleham in the same county in the joint\n  names of SS. Mary and Alkald.\"]\n\n\n\n\nReplies.\n\n\nPLAIDS AND TARTANS.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 107.)\n\nI am not going to enter into the controversy respecting the antiquity of\nthe _Highland_ kilt and tartans, nor when and where they were invented.\nBut in reference to these questions, I beg leave to cite a passage,\nwhich may be found in the second book of the _History_ of Tacitus, in\nwhich is designated a garb having a very distinct analogy to the _trews_\nand tartans of the Highland chiefs.\n\nIn lib. ii. sec. xx. the return of C\u00e6cina from Germany into Italy is\nthus described:--\n\n  \"At C\u00e6cina, velut relict\u00e2 post Alpes s\u00e6viti\u00e2 ac licenti\u00e2, modesto\n  agmine per Italiam incessit. Ornatum ipsius, municipia et coloni\u00e6\n  in superbiam trahebant, quod _versicolore sagulo, bruccas_ tegmen\n  barbarum, indutus, togatos adloqueretur.\"\n\nC\u00e6cina and Valens had been the Imperial \"Legati\" in Upper Germany, and\nthe former is thus described in lib. i. sec. liii.:--\n\n  \"At in superiore Germani\u00e2, C\u00e6cina decor\u00e2 juvent\u00e2, corpore ingens,\n  animi immodicus, scito sermone, erecto incessu studia militum\n  inlexerat.\"\n\nSo it seems that this handsome Roman, \"great in stature,\" and \"graceful\nin youth,\" thought (like many of our modern fine gentlemen when they get\namong the hills) the partycoloured plaid and barbarian clothing so\nextremely becoming, that he was determined to set the fashion of wearing\nit in Italy, and actually was intrepid enough to appear like a male\nBloomer before the astonished eyes of the \"Togati,\" and to answer the\naddresses of the \"Municipia\" and \"Coloni\u00e6\" clad in this outlandish\ncostume.\n\nI leave to more learned antiquaries the task of tracing this Celtic\nhabit, \"in superiore Germani\u00e2,\" into the Scottish Highlands. For myself\nI have little doubt that from the earliest division of the community\ninto septs or clans, the chiefs assumed the pattern of this \"tegmen\nversicolor\" which best pleased them, and in course of time the pattern\ndistinguished the wearers as belonging to such and such chiefs. As to\nthe kilt, in all probability it was the apology for nudity.\n\nThe chiefs wore the trews, the humbler vassals or serfs either wore no\nnether garments at all, or covered their loins with a scanty apron,\nwhich gradually comprising more ample folds, has been modernised into\nthe kilt.\n\nBut I beg leave to put forward these speculations with all possible\nmodesty, feeling quite inadequate to discuss such momentous matters from\nbeing only\n\n    A BORDERER.\n\n\nRELIGIOUS STATISTICS.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 382.)\n\nI have a memorandum (not dated) which states that M. Pradt, in his work\non _Ancient and Modern Jesuitism_, gives curious calculations on the\nreligious statistics of the world. The terrestrial globe, he estimates,\ncontains 670,000,000 inhabitants, who are thus divided:--\n\n      Catholics                         120,000,000\n      Protestants and their dependants   40,000,000\n      Of the Greek Church                36,000,000\n      Jews                                4,000,000\n      Mahomedans                         70,000,000\n      Idolators                         400,000,000\n\nOf these, China alone, according to the most probable accounts, contains\n300,000,000.\n\nAn elaborate, valuable, and now, I believe, a scarce work, entitled _The\nConsumption of Public Wealth by the Clergy of every Christian Nation_,\n&c. (published by Effingham Wilson in 1822), among details, founded on\nauthorities of repute, and which are named, gives for each nation,\n\"France,\" \"Scotland\" (its Kirk), \"Spain,\" \"Portuguese Church,\"\n\"Hungarian Churches,\" \"Clergy in Italy,\" \"Clergy in Austria,\" \"Clergy in\nPrussia,\" \"Clergy in Russia,\" \"England and Wales,\" \"Established Church\nProperty Ireland,\" &c. &c., the particulars required by Q. E. D. For\ninstance, under the heading \"Hungarian Churches,\" we are preliminarily\ntold that--\n\n  \"Hungary contains about 8,000,000 people of various religious\n  persuasions, who live happily together ever since the days of that\n  excellent Emperor Joseph II. He laboured resolutely and\n  successfully, in spite of the bigots of his own religion by whom\n  he was surrounded, to root out the evils of religious discord from\n  his dominions; and he left, as a glorious legacy to his people,\n  for which his memory will be ever dear, the blessings of concord\n  and harmony between his subjects of all denominations.\"\n\nIt is then narrated that there are (in Hungary):\n\n      \"Catholics, Latin and Greek         4,750,000\n      Greek Church                        1,150,000\n      Calvinists                          1,050,000\n      Lutherans                             650,000\n      Unitarian Christians                   46,000\n      Various small Christian Sects, and\n        persons of the Jewish faith         200,000.\"\n\nBut this work contains no summary of the total amounts of its own\nenumerations.\n\n    A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.\n\n\nROYAL LIBRARY.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 427.; Vol. iv., pp. 69. 154.)\n\nYour correspondent J. H. M. remarks (Vol. iv., p. 69.): \"In justice to\nKing George IV., the letter which he addressed to the late Earl of\nLiverpool, on presenting the books to his own subjects, should be\nprinted in your columns.\" Heartily concurring in this opinion, I have\nmuch pleasure in supplying your readers with a transcript of the same. I\ncopied it some years back from the original, then in the possession of a\nnoble friend:\n\n  \"Dear Lord Liverpool,--The king, my late revered and excellent\n  father, having formed, during a long period of years, a most\n  valuable and extensive library, consisting of about one hundred\n  and twenty thousand volumes, I have resolved to present this\n  collection to the British nation. Whilst I have the satisfaction\n  by this means of advancing the literature of my country, I also\n  feel that I am paying a just tribute to the memory of a parent,\n  whose life was adorned with every public and private virtue. I\n  desire to add, that I have great pleasure, my lord, in making this\n  communication through you. Believe me, with great regard, your\n  sincere friend,\n\n  \"G. R.\n\n  \"Pavilion, Brighton, 15th of January, 1823.\"\n\n    EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\nYour correspondent C. says, \"the whole story of the projected sale to\nRussia is absolutely unfounded.\" He seems to consider that, because the\nPrincess Lieven never heard a syllable about the matter, the whole story\nwas unfounded--that is, that when a part of a story is untrue the whole\nmust be untrue. What is really the truth I do not positively _know_; but\nI will give you the story, as I heard it at the time, from one who had\ngood means of information. George IV. disliked the expense of keeping up\nthe Royal Library; he was also occasionally out of temper at the claims\nmade or insinuated by some members of the family, that as the library\nhad not been bequeathed, they had all an equal property in it. To get\nrid of the expense and the claims he resolved to dispose of it, and said\nsomething about this wish at his own dinner-table. This was, perhaps, in\nthe presence of the Russian ambassador, or some distinguished Russian,\nor at least came to his ears; and he spoke to Lord Liverpool upon the\nsubject, expressing a desire to purchase. Lord L. immediately waited\nupon the king, and remonstrated in the strongest terms against allowing\nsuch a library collected by a king of England to be sent out of the\ncountry; and went so far as to say that he would resign his office if\nthe measure was persisted in. The king then resolved to relieve himself\nfrom all annoyance about the matter by presenting it to the nation. Such\nI believe to be the outline of the truth: the minute details I did not\n\"make a Note\" of at the time, and will not trust my memory to relate\nthem.\n\n    GRIFFIN.\n\n\nDAMASKED LINEN.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 199.; Vol. iii., pp. 13. 229.)\n\nIn the subjoined account of some old patterns, I have, for the sake of\nbrevity, enclosed in brackets the descriptions of the several objects\nrepresented, beginning with the highest and most distant. The words\nenclosed within inverted commas are the inscriptions.\n\n                          No. I.\n      [Two horsemen, with steel-caps, riding away at speed.]\n                         [Crown.]\n           \"PVRSV'D BY MEN. PRESERV'D BY GOD.\"\n         [Crown.]                      [Crown.]\n      [Oak branches surrounding a head surmounted\n         with a low-crowned hat and flowing wig.]\n\nI may mention that this bears the mark of an ancestor of its present\npossessor, who was about forty years of age at the time of the\nRestoration, and died in 1707.\n\n                          No. II.\n      \"SISTE SOL IN GIBEON ET LVNA IN VALLE IAALON.\"\n               [Sun]  \"RIS\"  [Moon]  \"SEL.\"\n                     [Fortified town.]\n          [Mortars throwing shells into the town.]\n                    [Tents and cannon.]\n        [Trophy]       \"EGENIVS.\"       [Trophy.]\n           [Equestrian figure holding a baton.]\n\nCan any of your readers be so good as to explain the allusion of the\nabove ungainly and somewhat profane compliment to Prince Eugene?\n\n                          No. III.\n                         \"STAD ANT\n                          WERPEN.\"\n                        [City gate.]\n                     [Water with ships.]\n                 \"DER HERTZOG VON MARLBORVK.\"\n      [Equestrian figure in the proper costume, holding a baton.]\n\nThe above probably commemorates the surrender of Antwerp to the allied\narmies soon after the battle of Ramillies, May 27, 1706.\n\n                    No. IV.\n          \"CAROLVS K\u00d6NIG IN SPANIGEN.\"\n             [Equestrian figure.]\n        [Trophy of arms and banners.]\n                  \"MADRIED.\"\n              [City and gates.]\n      [Batteries with cannon planted.]\n\nI presume this must refer to the short-lived triumph of Charles\n(afterwards Emperor of Germany), who was crowned King of Spain at Vienna\nin 1703, and entered Madrid in 1706.\n\n                                 No. V.\n                                 [City.]\n                           [River with boats.]\n                          [Cannon and mortars.]\n      [Tents and halberdiers, and arms strewn about on the ground.]\n                             \"K\u00d6NIG GEORGE.\"\n        [Crown.]                                         [Crown.]\n        [Harp.]                                           [Harp.]\n                  [Equestrian figure holding a sceptre.]\n\nWill some one be so kind as to explain the meaning of this design?\n\nI may mention that there is little doubt that this cloth, as well as the\nothers, belonged to the son of the gentleman before mentioned, and that\nit is very unlikely that it ever belonged to the royal household. This\nmay perhaps affect the inference of your correspondent H. W. D. from the\ninscription \"Der K\u00f6nig Georg II.\" (Vol. iii., p. 229.).\n\n                          No. VI.\n      [A group of figures:--On the right an eastern\n      monarch standing, and in an attitude of command\n      towards a female figure on the left, who\n      is stooping down to put something into the\n      gaping mouth of a dragon, while with her left\n      hand she points towards the king. Behind the\n      woman are three men turning towards the king\n      in attitudes of entreaty.]\n                        \"BABYLON.\"\n      [A man and woman kneeling down, with hands\n      raised as in supplication or astonishment.]\n                     \"DANIEL, XIIII.\"\n      [A tree with two birds in it. In front of the tree\n      an angel flying downwards; and underneath, a\n      man in the same attitude, holding a vessel\n      shaped like a pitch-kettle in the left hand, and\n      what appears to be a small loaf or cake in the\n      right.]\n\nAll the above figures are in oriental costume. The date of this cloth\n_cannot_ be later than about 1720. In each case the pattern is repeated\nin rows; the alternate rows being reversed so that on whichever side the\ncloth is turned, half of the patterns have the inscriptions legible.\n\n      W. S. T.\n\n\nVERMIN, PAYMENTS FOR DESTRUCTION OF.\n\n(Vol. iv., pp. 208. 389.)\n\nThe authority by which churchwardens paid for the destruction of vermin,\nis by acts of parliament (8 Eliz. cap. 15. and 14 Eliz. cap. 11.), but\n_not AS churchwardens_; and the payment for vermin out of the\n_church-rate_ is illegal: but they are _ex officio_ appointed by the\nstatutes quoted, \"with six other parishioners,\" as shown by FRANCISCUS,\nVol. iv., p. 389.\n\nThere can be no doubt, that in course of time this assessment got into\ndesuetude; that churchwardens, being the \"distributors,\" they charged it\non the _church-rate_ by way of simplifying the machinery. This, and\nother duties of churchwardens and other parish officers, many of which\nhave become obsolete, may be seen in Lambard's _Eirenarcha, or Office of\nthe Justice of the Peace_, first published in 1581, which passed through\nmany editions from that date to 1637. The work is commended by\nBlackstone as deserving the perusal of students.\n\nWith regard to the old names of vermin, _Glead_ and _Ringteal_ are\ndescribed by Osbaldiston, in his _Dictionary of Recreation_, as a sort\nof kite; the latter with whitish feathers about the tail. _Greas'-head_\nand _Baggar_ he does not notice. May they not be provincialisms?\n\n    H. T. ELLACOMBE\n\n  Clyst St. George.\n\nIn further illustration of this Query, and of J. EASTWOOD'S reply (p.\n389.), may be quoted:--\n\n  \"That the distributers of the provision for the destruction of\n  noysome foule and vermine being chosen, and having money [as\n  before shown by me, Vol. iv., p. 389.], shall give and pay the\n  same money so to them delivered, to every person that shall bring\n  to them any heades of old crowes, choughes, pies, or rookes, taken\n  within the several parishes, for the heads of every three of them\n  a peny; and for the heads of every sixe young crowes, choughes,\n  pyes, or rookes, taken, as is aforesaid, a peny; and for every\n  sixe egges of any of them unbroken, a peny; and likewise for every\n  twelve stares heades, a peny. All which said heads and egges, the\n  said distributers in some convenient place shall keep, and shall\n  every moneth at the least bring foorth the same before the said\n  churchwardens and taxors, or three of them, and then and there to\n  them shall make a true account in writing, what money they have\n  laid forth and paid for such heads and egges, and for the heads of\n  such other raveinous birds and vermine, as are hereafter\n  mentioned, that is to say:\n\n      \"For everie head of merton, haukes, fursekite,\n        moldkite, bussard, scag, carmerant, or ringtaile    iid\n      For every two egges of them                            id\n      For every iron or ospraies heads                    iiiid\n      For the head of every woodwall, pie, jay, raven,\n        or kite                                              id\n      For the head of every bird which is called the\n        kingsfisher                                          id\n      For the head of every bulfinsh, or other birde\n        that devoureth the blouth of fruit                   id\n      For the heads of every foxe or gray                  xiid\n      For the head of every fichewe, polcat, wesell,\n        stote, faire, badger, or wildecat                    id\n      For the heads of every otter or hedghog               iid\n      For the heads of every three rats or twelve mice       id\n      For the heads of every moldwarpe or want, an\n        halfe-penie.\n\n  \"All which sayd heads and egges shall be foorthwith, after such\n  account made in the presence of the sayd churchwardens and taxors,\n  or of three of them, burned, consumed, or cut in sunder.\"--Vid. 8\n  Eliz. c. 15.; 14 Eliz. c 11.; and 39 Eliz. c. 18.\n\n    FRANCISCUS.\n\n\nWAS RALEIGH IN VIRGINIA?\n\n(Vol. iv., pp. 190. 241.)\n\nRaleigh never visited Virginia. The numerous expeditions thither, set on\nfoot by him, and in which he had so large a concern as to cause them to\nbe called _his_ voyages, no doubt gave rise to the popular error.\n\nWe first find Raleigh's name, in connexion with discovery in North\nAmerica, in 1579. In that year Sir Humphrey Gilbert, his stepbrother,\nprevailed upon him to join in a projected voyage. The accounts of this\nvoyage are very scanty: all, I believe, that is known on the subject is\nto be found in Hakluyt, vol. iii. p. 146., in the following words:\n\n  \"Others failed of their promises contracted, and the greater\n  number were dispersed, leaving the Generall with few of his\n  assured friends, with whom he adventured to sea; where having\n  tasted of no lesse misfortune, he was shortly driven to retire\n  home with the losse of a tall ship, and (more to his grief) of a\n  valiant gentleman, Miles Morgan.\"\n\nIt will be observed that Raleigh's name is not mentioned, the \"Generall\"\nbeing Gilbert. It appears, however, to be generally assumed by his\nbiographers that he did accompany this expedition in person. It may, at\nall events, be predicated with tolerable certainty, that Raleigh was not\namongst those who deserted Sir Humphrey. Tytler adds the following\nparticulars, in his _Life of Raleigh_ (Edinburgh, 1833), p. 27., on the\nauthority of Oldys's _Life of Raleigh_, pp. 28, 29.:\n\n  \"On its homeward passage the small squadron of Gilbert was\n  dispersed and disabled by a Spanish fleet, and many of the company\n  were slain; but, perhaps owing to the disastrous issue of the\n  fight, it has been slightly noticed by the English historians.\"\n\nSchomburgk adds, in the Introduction to his reprint of Raleigh's\n_Guiana_, published for the Hakluyt Society in 1848, also on the\nauthority of Oldys, that during the engagement \"Raleigh was exposed to\ngreat danger.\"\n\nWe may therefore assume that he did sail with Gilbert on this occasion.\nThere is no appearance, however, of the expedition having reached\nAmerica at all; and most certainly Virginia was not then visited.\n\nThe next voyage undertaken by Gilbert was in 1583. Raleigh took a great\ninterest in this expedition, and fitted out a barque of two hundred\ntons, which bore his name; and although the \"most puissant\" vessel in\nthe fleet, it only ranked as \"Vice-admirall.\" The \"Delight, _alias_ the\nGeorge, of burthen 120 tunnes, was Admirall, in which went the\nGenerall.\" They \"began their voyage upon Tuesday, the eleventh day of\nJune, in the yere of our Lord 1583;\" but \"about midnight\" of the 13th\nJune, \"the Vice-admirall forsooke us, notwithstanding that we had the\nwinde east, faire, and good. But it was after credibly reported that\nthey were infected with a contagious sickness, and arrived greatly\ndistressed at Plimmouth.... Sure I am no cost was spared by their owner,\nMaster Raleigh, in setting them forth.\" So writes worthy Master Hayes,\nwho commanded the Golden Hinde, the \"Rear-admirall\" of the expedition.\nIt may be easily believed that Raleigh was not on board of the vessel\nwhich belonged to him. Sir H. Gilbert, who was ignorant of the cause of\ndesertion, wrote thus to Sir George Peckham, after his arrival in\nNewfoundland:--\"On the 13th the bark Raleigh ran from me, in fair and\nclear weather, having a large wind. I pray you solicit my brother\nRaleigh to make them an example to all knaves.\" The subsequent history\nof this disastrous expedition need not be dwelt upon. Gilbert reached\nNewfoundland, but was lost in returning on board the Squirrel of ten\ntons!\n\nOn the 25th March, 1584, Raleigh obtained letters patent from Queen\nElizabeth authorising him to establish a colony in North America, south\nof Newfoundland. \"The first voyage made\" under this patent \"to the\ncoasts of America\" was \"with two barks, wherein were Captains M. Philip\nAmadas, and M. Arthur Barlowe, who _discovered_ part of the countrey now\ncalled Virginia, anno 1584:\" the account of which voyage is stated to\nhave been \"written by one of the said Captaines, and _sent_ to Sir\nWalter Raleigh, knight, at whose charge and direction the said voyage\nwas set forty\"--_Hak._ vol. iii. p. 246.\n\nThe next voyage is called (p. 251.) \"The voyage made by Sir Richard\nGrenvill _for_ Sir Walter Raleigh to Virginia, in the yeere 1585.\" Sir\nRichard left a colony under the government of Master Ralph Lane. A list\nof all the colonists, to the number of 107, \"as well gentlemen as\nothers, that remained one whole yeere in Virginia,\" is given in Hakluyt,\nat p. 254. The first name is Master Philip Amadas, Admirall of the\ncountrey;\" the second is \"Master Hariot.\" On the 10th June of next year\nthe colony was visited by Sir Francis Drake, with no less than\ntwenty-three sail of vessels, \"in his prosperous returne from the\nsacking of Saint Domingo.\" Sir Francis gave the colonists, who had\nsuffered severely from \"scarsity,\" the means of returning to England,\nwhich they did, leaving Virginia on the 18th of June, and arriving at\nPortsmouth on the 28th of July, 1586. Governor Lane was greatly blamed\nfor his precipitate desertion of the colony. Hariot wrote a description\nof the country, which occupies fifteen folio pages of Hakluyt. Hallam\n(in the passage quoted by MR. BREEN) is correct in describing Hariot as\nthe companion of Raleigh; for that he was, and very much esteemed by\nhim: but he is wrong in making it appear that they were together in\nVirginia.\n\nIn the meantime Raleigh at home was far from being forgetful of his\ncolonists, although they seemed so little inclined to depend upon him.\nHe got ready no less than four vessels: various delays, however,\noccurred to retard their sailing; and Raleigh at last getting anxious\nstarted off one of them as a \"bark of aviso,\" or despatch boat, as it is\ncalled in one of the old accounts. It arrived at the site of the colony\n\"immediately after the departing of our English colony out of this\nparadise of the world;\" and \"after some time spent in seeking our colony\nup in the countrey, and not [of course] finding them, it returned with\nall the aforesaid provision into England.\" Thus Hakluyt, page 265., who\nalso states that it was \"sent and set forth at the charges of Sir Walter\nRaleigh and his direction;\" expressions surely inconsistent with any\nsupposition that he was on board of this bark of aviso; and yet it would\nappear, from the Introduction of Sir Robert Schomburgk, already referred\nto, that _this_ was the identical occasion on which Raleigh was\nerroneously supposed to have visited Virginia. As what Sir Robert says\nis very important, and bears very directly on the question, I quote his\nwords:\n\n  \"It has been asserted by Theobald and others, that Sir Walter\n  Raleigh himself accompanied this vessel, which he sent for the\n  relief of the young colony; such may have been his intention, as\n  Captain Smith states in the first book of his _General History of\n  Virginia_; but we have so many proofs that Sir Walter did not\n  leave England in that year, that we are surprised that such an\n  erroneous statement has found credence up to the present day.\"\n\nThis is a strong opinion of Sir Robert, and if borne out by evidence,\nwould be conclusive; but in the first place, his reference to Smith's\n_Virginia_ is incorrect; and besides, Smith, for anything he relates\nprior to 1606, is only secondary evidence. His book was published in\n1624, and is reprinted in Pinkerton's _Voyages_ (1812). On reference to\nit there I can find no such _intention_ attributed to Raleigh; and in\nfact Smith's account is manifestly taken from Hakluyt (1599), who, it is\nwell known, had his information on these voyages chiefly from Raleigh\nhimself[1]. In the second place, it would have been well if Sir Robert\nhad mentioned some distinct proof that Raleigh was in England on some\none day that the vessel was absent, rather than generally stating that\nhe did not leave England during 1586. Unfortunately, there is a want of\nprecision as to the exact dates when the vessel left and returned to\nEngland; enough is said, however, to fix upon the two months _at least_\nfrom the 20th of May to the 20th of July as being embraced in the period\nduring which she was on her voyage. In Hakluyt it is stated that she did\nnot sail until \"after Easter:\" in 1586 Easter Sunday was, by my\ncalculation, on the 3rd April. The 20th of May is therefore a liberal\nmeaning to attach to the expression \"after Easter.\" She arrived in\nVirginia \"immediately after\" Drake sailed, on the 18th of June. Say then\nthat she even arrived on the 19th June; only spent one day in searching\nfor the colony; and took thirty days to go home; this would bring us to\nthe 20th July. It will be noticed that I narrow the time as much as\npossible, to strengthen the evidence that would be gained by proving an\n_alibi_ for Sir Walter. If it can be shown that he was in England on any\nday between the 20th May and the 20th July, the supposition that he went\non this occasion to Virginia must be given up as untenable. I have\ntherefore directed my inquiries to this point. In the sketch of the life\nof George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, given in Lodge's _Portraits_, a\nwork certainly not of indisputable authority, but tolerably correct\nnotwithstanding, I find the following statement:\n\n  \"His [Cumberland's] fleet consisted of three ships, and a pinnace,\n  _the latter commanded by Sir Walter Raleigh_.... It sailed from\n  Gravesend on the 26th of June, 1586; but was repeatedly driven\n  back by contrary winds, and could not finally leave England till\n  the end of August.\"\n\n  [Footnote 1: What Smith really says is, speaking generally of\n  _all_ the voyages, that Raleigh's occasions and employments were\n  such that he could not go himself; but he says nothing about his\n  intentions specially as to this particular voyage.]\n\nNow, if this were quite correct, it would be conclusive, that if Sir\nWalter Raleigh sailed from Gravesend on the 26th June, he could not have\nstarted from Virginia to return to England on the 20th of the same\nmonth. I thought it well, however, to verify this statement of Mr.\nLodge, and had recourse to my old friend Hakluyt as usual. I there found\n(vol. iii. pp. 769. et seq.) that on starting from Gravesend, there were\nonly two vessels called respectively the Red Dragon and the Clifford;\nthese vessels arrived at Plymouth on the 24th of July, and were there\ndetained by westerly winds until the 17th of August, when they--\n\n  \"Then departed with another ship, also for our Rear-admirall,\n  called the Roe, whereof W. Hawes was Captaine; and a fine pinnesse\n  also, called the Dorothie, _which was Sir Walter Raleigh's_.\"\n\nIt therefore follows, that the pinnace might have joined them\nimmediately before the 17th of August, a date too late for our purpose.\nNay more, the only authority for Mr. Lodge's statement, that the vessel\nwas commanded by Sir Walter, rests upon the words which I have put in\nItalics; his name is not mentioned in the subsequent account of the\nexpedition, although, on the 7th of February, 1587, it was found\nnecessary to hold a council of war, at which no less than eighteen\nofficers assisted, all of whom, beginning with the admiral, are named.\nRaleigh's name does not occur; and is it conceivable that he, if present\nin the fleet, would have been absent on such an occasion? This therefore\naffords one additional instance in which Raleigh was presumed to be\npresent merely because he fitted out a vessel. Being inconclusive as a\npositive piece of evidence on the main question, my chief reason for\nreferring to it was to show how hastily some writers make assertions,\nand how probable it is that \"Theobald and others\" went upon similar\ngrounds in their statement as to Raleigh's having visited Virginia. In\njustice to Mr. Lodge, I must mention that the error into which he fell\nwith respect to Raleigh, in his sketch of the life of the Earl of\nCumberland, is not repeated in his biography of Raleigh, in which it may\nbe supposed he was more careful. Raleigh's having concerned himself\nsometime in July or August in fitting out a vessel for Cumberland's\nexpedition, undoubtedly forms part of that chain of evidence alluded to\nby Schomburgk, tending to prove his continued residence in England in\n1586. I feel inclined, however, to search for positive evidence on the\npoint. In the very valuable collection of letters entitled the\n_Leicester Correspondence_, published for the Camden Society in 1844, I\nfind his name occurring several times. On the 29th of March, 1586,\nRaleigh writes \"from the court\" to the Earl of Leicester, at that time\nin the Low Countries: he states that he had moved the Queen to send\nLeicester some pioneers, and found her very willing; but that since, the\nmatter had been stayed, he knew not for what cause. He then goes on to\nprotest against certain rumours which had been afloat as to his having\nbeen acting a treacherous part with the Queen against the Earl.\nLeicester had been in some disgrace with her Majesty, and Raleigh in a\npostscript says:\n\n  \"The Queen is in very good tearms with yow, and, thanks be to God,\n  well pacified, and yow are agayne her 'sweet Robyn.'\"\n\nOn the 1st of April the Queen herself writes to Leicester a letter,\nwhich will repay perusal. And on the same day, Walsingham, at the\nexpress instance of the Queen, signifies to Leicester that Rawley, \"upon\nher honor,\" had done Leicester good offices; and that, during the time\nof her displeasure, he dealt as earnestly for him as any other of his\nfriends. All this shows Raleigh in high favour and standing at the\ncourt; and it is most improbable that he could, at such a moment, absent\nhimself no less than three months from it. These letters appear to have\nbeen unusually long in reaching Leicester; in the early part of April he\ncomplains of not getting letters from the Queen, and on the 27th a great\nmany reached him all at once. On the 31st of May, Leicester writes to\nWalsingham, and speaks of Rawley's pioneers; saying that he had written\nto him saying that they were ready to come. This could not refer to\nRaleigh's letter of 29th of March, because in it he states that the\nmatter had been stayed; it must refer to one of a later date, which does\nnot appear, but which was written, in all probability, some time on in\nMay; it could not have been in Leicester's possession on the 29th of\nMay, because on that day he writes to Walsingham, and mentions the same\nsubject; namely, his wish for a reinforcement of 1000 men, which led him\nto speak of Rawley's pioneers on the 31st. With regard to the time it\ntook to communicate with Leicester, he was at the Hague on the 30th of\nJuly, and on that day he knew of Drake's arrival at Portsmouth, stated\nin Hakluyt's account of Drake's voyage to have taken place on the 28th;\nalthough it is true, Governor Lane, who came home in the fleet, says the\n27th of the same month. This was very speedy communication; but the\narrival of Drake, and the results of his enterprise, were looked for\nwith the utmost anxiety by the English ministry; and, no doubt, their\nsatisfaction on the subject was communicated to Leicester by a rapid\nexpress. On the 9th of July we find Walsingham writing to Leicester:\n\n  \"And lastly, that yt shall in no sorte be fyt for her Majestye to\n  take any resolutyon in the cause until Sir Francis Drake's\n  returne, at lest untyll the successe of his vyage be seene;\n  wheruppon, in verry trothe, dependethe the lyfe and death of the\n  cause according to man's judgment.\"\n\nIn a letter from Burleigh to Leicester, dated 20th of June, 1586, occurs\nthe following:\n\n  \"In Irland all thynges are quiet, and a nombre of gentilmen of\n  Somersett, Devon, Dorcet, Cheshyre, and Lancashyre, are making\n  themselves to go to Monster, to plant two or three thousand\n  people, mere English, there this year.\"\n\nIn a note to this, Mr. Bruce, the editor, states, that Stow records the\nnames of the honourable and worshipful gentlemen who made the attempt to\ncolonise Munster, and names, amongst others, Sir Walter Raleigh. It was\non this occasion that the poet Spenser got his grant of 3,028 acres in\nthe county of Cork, which \"is said to be dated June 27, 1586.\" So the\nRev. Mr. Mitford, in his life of Spenser, prefixed to the Aldine edition\nof his poems (1839); and although he seems uncertain as to the date,\nthere can be no doubt but that it is correct. Now I think that most\npeople will agree with me in thinking that the whole of this, Raleigh's\nmovements so far as they can be traced, his position at court, and the\nbusy and stirring nature of the time, make it altogether improbable that\nRaleigh was absent in the month of June, 1586, on a voyage to Virginia.\nHakluyt's not mentioning that he was in the vessel, would of itself be\nconvincing to my mind, knowing the extent of his information on all\nsubjects connected with Raleigh, and his minute and painstaking\naccuracy. Knowing, however, that _this_ was the voyage in which Raleigh\nwas stated to have visited Virginia, I have thought it worth while to\nsearch for more positive evidence. How far I have succeeded may be seen,\nbut it is open to others to fix the fact of Raleigh's having been in\nEngland within the time I have limited. As a hint to go upon, I may\nmention that Babington's conspiracy was known to the English ministry on\nthe 9th of July, although the conspirators were not apprehended until a\nmonth after; if Raleigh could be shown to have had any share in the\ndiscovery of the plot, his presence in England in the beginning of July,\n1586, would be established beyond all doubt.\n\nI have already been more than sufficiently tedious on the subject of the\nvoyage of this little bark; what I have brought forward however bears\nmore or less upon the question as to Raleigh having visited Virginia: I\nam clearly of opinion that on this occasion he did not. I cannot\nrefrain, however, from adding a word or two of purely speculative\nconjecture. There is something rather suspicious in Drake visiting\nVirginia with the whole of his armament, and losing time in doing so,\nwhen the whole nation, from the queen downwards, was on the very\ntenter-hooks of anxiety for intelligence of him and of his success. The\nquestion arises, was it a rendezvous? and did the \"bark of aviso\" bear\nother and more important despatches than those addressed to Master Ralph\nLane? Might not its arrival a day or two earlier have directed Drake to\nstrike a blow at some defenceless but important part of the Spanish\nempire, deadly in proportion to its being unexpected? These are\nquestions which I can in no wise answer, but they have arisen in my\nmind; and if it were so, we might be fain to believe, in spite of\neverything that I have been able to bring forward, that Raleigh was\nindeed on board his gallant little bark, but that, the mark not having\nbeen hit, the attempt was kept secret. It must not be forgotten that at\nthat time, with the exception of this little colony, England had not a\nrood of land in the New World. However, I must remember that history\nought not to deal in conjecture.\n\nAbout fourteen or fifteen days after the departure of the bark, Grenvill\nmade his appearance with the other three vessels. After making every\nsearch he returned home, leaving fifteen men on the Island of Roanoke.\nSubsequent expeditions found no traces of these men excepting the bones\nof one of them. No one has ever asserted that Raleigh was on board of\nthis fleet.\n\nNothing daunted by these failures--\n\n  \"In the yeere of our Lord 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh, intending to\n  persevere in the planting of his countrey of Virginia, prepared a\n  newe colonie of one hundred and fiftie men to be sent thither,\n  under the charge of John White, whom hee appointed Governour, and\n  also appointed unto him twelve assistants, unto whom he gave a\n  charter, and incorporated them by the name of the Governour and\n  Assistants of the Citie of Raleigh in Virginia.\"--_Hak._ Vol. iii.\n  p. 280.\n\nThis colony, owing to contentions with the natives and other causes, did\nnot thrive; and in August of the same year White was, much against his\nwish, induced to return to England for assistance. He failed in his\nfirst attempt to go back with aid. In 1593 he gives, at Hakluyt's\nrequest, an account of a voyage he made thither in 1590, but which quite\nfailed in its object. The men with whom he embarked showed a greater\ndisposition towards buccaneering, than to assist him in his search for\nthe unfortunate colonists. He found traces of their having gone to the\nIsland of Croatan; but his associates would not prosecute the search,\nand poor White, with a sad heart, was obliged to leave them, if they\neven then survived, to their fate. From that day to this no intelligence\nhas ever been got as to what became of them. This voyage was made, if\nnot under Raleigh's auspices, at all events with his assistance. It has\nbeen supposed by some that this voyage of White in 1590 was the _last_\nattempt made by Raleigh to succour his colonists--he has even been\nreproached with it. This, however, was not the case. At p. 1653. vol.\niv. of Purchas, a very brief account is given of a ship having been\npurchased by Raleigh and sent out under the command of--\n\n  \"Samuell Mace (a sufficient marriner who had been twice before at\n  Virginia), to fynd out those people which he had sent last thither\n  by Captain White in 1587.\"\n\nThe ill success of the previous attempts to communicate with the colony\nseems to have been ascribed to the practice which prevailed in that day\nof engaging seamen for the voyage with a share in the profits; this\nRaleigh attempted to remedy by hiring \"all the cumpanye for wages by the\nmonth.\" I quote from Strachey's _Virginia_, printed by the Hakluyt\nSociety from an original MS., whose statement bears undoubted marks of\nbeing the original from which Purchas took his account, and somewhat\nabridged it. In spite of Raleigh's precautions as to the hiring, the\npeople behaved ill, and--\n\n  \"They returned, and brought no comfort or new accesse of hope\n  concerning the lives and safety of the unfortunate English people,\n  for which only they were sett forth, and the charg of this\n  employment was undertaken.\"\n\nHere ends the history of Sir Walter Raleigh's connexion with Virginian\ndiscovery and colonisation. A new company was at the moment in\ncontemplation, and it even despatched its first pioneer vessel in the\nsame month of 1602 as Raleigh did. Raleigh may have had, to a certain\nextent, a selfish object in view. His patent of 1584 was conditional, as\nregarded its continuance, on his planting a colony within six years; and\nhad he been able to have discovered any remains, however small, of the\ncolony of '87, he could have prevented interlopers. The nature of his\nposition also in England in March, 1602, may perhaps afford a clue to\nhis designs. At that moment his royal mistress lay on the bed of\nsickness, dying by inches. The clouds were beginning to gather around\nRaleigh's head. His star, which had been in the ascendant for more than\ntwenty years, was getting nigh its setting. Raleigh, a man of wisdom and\nforesight, as well as conduct and action, knew all this. He knew what he\nhad to expect, and what he afterwards in fact experienced, from the new\nking, to whom all eyes were turned. Is it not most likely that he looked\nto Virginia as his haven of refuge, where, if he could maintain his\npatent rights, he might have set his enemies at defiance? Had this\ndream, if he entertained it, been realised, the twelve years'\nimprisonment and the bloody scaffold on which his head fell, might have\nbeen averted. This, however, was not to be;--the search, as already\nmentioned, was fruitless, and the new company went on; and, finally,\nunder a fresh charter from James I., Virginia was again colonised in\n1606, since which time its history and existence have been\nuninterrupted. On Raleigh's return from his last expedition to Guiana in\n1618, only a few months before his murder, he touched at Newfoundland,\nbeing, as I verily believe, the only occasion on which he set his foot\nin North America.\n\nIt may cause your readers to smile, and perhaps be a surprise to some of\nthem, when I conclude this long paper, written on the subject of\nRaleigh's connexion with Virginia, by asserting that he never had any\nconnexion, direct or indirect, with it! All the colonies with which he\nhad to do were planted in North Carolina and the islands thereto\nbelonging. To have laid any stress upon this, or to have mentioned it\nearlier than now, would have amounted to nothing but a play upon names.\nThe country called Virginia in Queen Elizabeth's reign, embraced not\nonly the state now so called, but also Maryland and the Carolinas.\nVirginia Proper was in reality first planted by the company of 1606, who\nfixed their settlement on the Chesapeake.\n\n    T. N.\n\n  Demerary, Oct. 1851.\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Bunting's Irish Melodies._--On p. 167. of the third volume of \"NOTES\nAND QUERIES,\" MR. STEPHENS, of Stockholm asks a question concerning the\n_Irish Airs_ of this distinguished musician. As a member of the Royal\nAcademy of Music in Stockholm, I feel more than ordinary pleasure in\nanswering the Query of your esteemed correspondent.\n\nEdward Bunting was born at Armagh in 1773. He claimed descent from\nPatrick Gruama O'Quin, who as killed in arms in July, 1642; and it was\nto this origin that Bunting attributed his musical talents, as well as\ncertain strong Irish predilections, for which he was through life\nremarkable. His first collection of _Irish Airs_ was published in 1796;\nhis second in 1809; and his third, and last, in 1840. The first work\ncontains sixty-six native Irish airs never before published. The second\nadded seventy-five tunes to the original stock. This volume, like the\nfirst, afforded a copious fund of new melodies, of which the\nsong-writers of the day eagerly and largely availed themselves. The\nthird and final collection consists of upwards of 150 melodies; \"Of\nthese,\" the editor remarks in his Preface, \"considerably more than 120\nare now for the first time published, the remainder being sets much\nsuperior to those already known.\" Bunting did not live to carry out his\nplan of republishing his first two collections uniform with the third.\nHe died December 21, 1843, aged seventy. A copious memoir of him,\naccompanied with a portrait, may be found in the _Dublin University\nMagazine_, No. XLI., January, 1847.\n\n    EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Colonies in England_ (Vol. iv., pp. 272. 370.).--In Vol. iv., p. 207.\ninquiry is made about the existence of colonies of Moors and others in\ndifferent parts of England: I was not aware of there being any such as\nthose he mentions, but as your correspondent wishes to know of any\nothers which may still exist, I can inform him that colonies of\nSpaniards are known of in Mount's Bay and Torbay. The latter, from\nhaving intermingled with the surrounding population, have not now, I\nbelieve, much more than a traditionary Spanish descent; whilst the\nformer, on the contrary, have kept aloof, and are easily distinguished\nfrom their marked Spanish features. This colony is planted at Mousehole;\nand, according to their account, they have been settled there upwards of\nthree centuries. Another account declares the original settlers to have\nformed part of the Spanish Armada; and that after its defeat, they made\na descent on this part of the Cornish coast, drove out or killed the\nformer inhabitants and have ever since remained unmolested, and in great\nmeasure distinct from the surrounding inhabitants. The nature of the\ncountry in which they settled has, no doubt, proved favourable to them\nin this respect, as the soil is barren and rocky, with thinly scattered\nvillages inhabited by a hardy race of fishermen.\n\n    H. L.\n\nThe settlement of a colony of Flemings in the lower part of\nPembrokeshire, called Rhos and Castle Martin, in the time of Henry I.,\nwas one of the subjects discussed at the meeting of the Cambrian\nArch\u00e6ological Association at Tenby in August last, where the subject was\nfully debated, and the fact seemed established. A full report of this\ndiscussion is contained in the October number of the _Cambrian\nArch\u00e6ological Association_, published by Pickering, London.\n\n    T. O. M.\n\n_\"History of Anglesey,\" &c._ (Vol. iv, p. 317.).--This publication is\nattributed to the Rev. J. Thomas in a note to page 230. of the _Cambrian\nPlutarch_, by the late J. Humphreys Parry.\n\n    T. O. M.\n\n_The Lowey of Tunbridge_ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--There still is, I\nbelieve, a district known by this name. In order to save the valuable\nspace in \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" I will merely refer E. N. W. for\ninformation respecting it to the following works:\n\n  \"A Perambulation of Kent; written in the yeere 1570 by William\n  Lambarde of Lincolnes Inn, Gent. Imprinted at London by Edm.\n  Bollisant, 1596.\"--Page 425.\n\nThis first I believe to be a somewhat scarce book.\n\n  \"A Topographie or Survey of the County of Kent. By Richard\n  Kilburne, London, 1659.\"--Pp. 276, 277.\n\n  \"Tunbridge Wells and its Neighbourhood. By Paul Amsinck, Esq.,\n  London, 1810.\"--Pp. 97-99.\n\nThere are incidental notices of Tunbridge Lowey in Hasted's _History of\nKent_. From the _Parliamentary Gazetteer_ I extract the following (to\nwhich my attention has been directed by a friend):--\n\n  \"Tunbridge Lowey, a division in the Lathe of Aylesford, County of\n  Kent. Area, 20,660 acres; houses, 2,072; population in 1831,\n  12,233.\"\n\nIn 1841 the census returns for that district gave a population of\n14,638.\n\nThere is also, I believe, another \"Lowey,\" viz. that of Pevensey.\n\n    R. VINCENT.\n\n_Praed's Works_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--About five years since I saw in\nthe travelling library of an American lady a very good edition of\nPraed's _Poems_, small 8vo. clear type, published (I believe) in the\n_States_. The owner promised to send me a fac-simile of the work, on her\nreturn to New York; but family bereavements and various painful\ncircumstances have arisen to banish the recollection of such a promise.\nI have asked for the book in vain in London; but if your correspondent\nK. S. is very anxious to procure a copy, I would suggest an order for\nit, given through _Chapman in the Strand_, to whom Wiley and Putnam\nappear to have transferred the American literary agency. I should think\nthe price would not exceed six or seven shillings.\n\n    YUNAF.\n\n  [This collection was published by Griswold of New York in 1844. We\n  saw a copy at Tupling's, No. 320. Strand, a few days since.]\n\n_John \u00e0 Cumber_ (Vol. iv., p. 83.).--Some months ago MR. J. P. COLLIER\nmade some inquiries respecting John \u00e0 Kent, the Princess Sidanen, and\nJohn \u00e0 Cumber. Respecting the two latter I was enabled to furnish some\ninformation; and since that I have fallen upon the traces of John \u00e0\nCumber. My inquiries have recently been directed to the scene of the\nBattle of Cattraeth or Siggeston (Kirby Sigston); and I have\nendeavoured, hitherto ineffectually, to find some good description of\nthe scenery of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and of the great plain of\nMowbray, which was probably the scene of the conflict described by\nAneurin, and which, I believe, includes both Catterick and Sigston. It\nwas in that country that I found John \u00e0 Cumber, who is most probably the\nperson described in the following extract:--\n\n  \"Thirsk.--In the reign of Henry VII. an insurrection broke out\n  here, in consequence of an obnoxious tax. This was a subsidy\n  granted by the parliament to the king, to enable him to carry on\n  the war in Brittany against the French. The Earl of Northumberland\n  had signified at an assembly, that the king would not remit any\n  part of the tax, though the northern people had besought it; when\n  they, taking the earl to be the cause of the answer, fell upon,\n  and slew him, together with several of his servants, at the\n  instigation of one John \u00e0 Chamber. They then placed themselves\n  under a leader, Sir John Egremond, who, on being defeated by the\n  Earl of Surrey, fled into Burgundy. John \u00e0 Chamber and some others\n  were taken, and executed at York.\"--_A Picturesque Tour in\n  Yorkshire and Derbyshire_, by the late Edward Dayes, London, 1825,\n  pp. 147-8.\n\nDayes gives no authorities[2]; but this may afford a clue to further\ndiscoveries.\n\n     T. STEPHENS.\n\n  Merthyr, Nov. 21. 1851.\n\n  [Footnote 2: [Dayes' account of the above insurrection will be\n  found in Kennett's _History of England_, vol. i. p. 595.--ED.]]\n\n_Punishment of Prince Edward of Carnarvon_ (Vol. iv., pp. 338.\n409.).--MR. W. S. GIBSON will find further particulars of the offence\nand punishment of this prince in a paper by Mr. Blaauw on the recently\ndiscovered letters of Prince Edward, which is published in the second\nvolume of the _Sussex Arch\u00e6ological Collections_. The offence appears to\nhave been committed in May or June, 1305, and the minister was, as has\nbeen stated, Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, the\nking's Treasurer, but in the letters called Bishop of Chester; a seeming\ndiscrepancy arising from the fact that the Bishops of Lichfield and\nCoventry were not unfrequently called Bishops of Chester at that period,\nwhich was two centuries before the present see of Chester was created.\n\n    W. S. W.\n\n  Middle Temple.\n\nIt may be as well to add a note to your two communications from MR.\nJOSEPH BURTT and R. S. V. P., that the _Bishop of Chester_, named by the\nformer, is one and the same person with the _Bishop of Lichfield and\nCoventry_, named by the latter, as suggested by MR. FOSS; the two\nbishoprics being identical, and almost as often called by one title as\nby the other.\n\n    P. P. C.\n\n_Joceline's Legacy_ (Vol. iv., pp. 367. 410.).--The _first_ edition I\nbelieve to have been \"_The Mother's Legacie to her Vnborne Childe_, by\nElizabeth Iocelin, London. Printed by Iohn Hauiland, for William Barret,\n1624.\" pp. 114. + title, approbation and epistle dedicatorie (40).\n\nHenry Jocelyn, a younger son of Sir Thomas Jocelyn, who died 4 Eliz.,\nmarried Anne, daughter and heir of Humphry Torrell, Esq., of Torrell's\nHall, Essex, by whom he had Sir Thomas Jocelyn, Knt., and _other sons;_\none of whom I suspect to have been the Tourell Jocelin, husband to Eliz.\nJocelin, the authoress of this excellent little tract.\n\n    P. B.\n\n_Bristol Tables_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--The four remarkable bronze\ntables, respecting which E. N. W. inquires, formerly stood under the\npiazza of the \"Tolzey,\" or \"Counter,\" in Bristol; the place where the\nmerchants transacted business. On the opening of the Exchange in 1743,\nthey were removed, and fixed in front of that building, where they now\nstand. It appears that they were presented to the city at different\ntimes, and by different persons. On a garter, beneath the surface of one\nof them, is the following inscription:--\n\n  \"Thomas Hobson of Bristol made me, anno 1625. Nicholas Crisp of\n  London gave me to this honourable city in remembrance of God's\n  mercy in anno domini 1625. N. C.\"\n\nOn a ring round the surface is this inscription:\n\n  \"Praise the Lord, O my soul! and forget not all his benefits. He\n  saved my life from destruction, and ... to his mercy and\n  loving-kindness. Praise....\"\n\nOn a ring round the surface of the second is the following:\n\n  \"A.D. 1631. This is the gift of Mr. White of Bristoll, Merchant,\n  brother unto Dr. Thomas White, a famous benefactor to this citie.\"\n\nOn the garter round the exterior is this inscription:\n\n  \"The church of the Living God is the pillar and ground of the\n  truth. So was the work of the pillars finished.\"\n\nThe third table has the following words round the surface:\n\n  \"This Post is the gift of Master Robert Kitchen, Merchant, some\n  time Maior and Alderman of this city, who deceased Sep. 1. 1594.\"\n\nOn the ring below the surface:\n\n  \"His Executors were fower of his servants. John Barker, Mathew\n  Howil, and Abell Kitchin, Aldermen of this city, and John\n  Rowborow, Sherif. 1630.\"\n\nSix lines in verse, and a shield with armorial bearings, formerly\nappeared as the centre of this table; but they are now obliterated.\n\nThe fourth table, which is supposed to be the oldest, has no\ninscription.\n\nThese curious round tables, on which the merchants of this ancient city\nformerly made their payments, and wrote their letters, &c., are now used\nby the newsmen, who here sell the daily journals, &c. In times of\npopular excitement, they have been sometimes used as pedestals, whence\nmob-orators, and candidates for parliamentary honours, have harangued\nthe populace.\n\n    J. R. W.\n\n_Grimsdyke or Grimesditch_ (Vol. iv., pp. 192. 330.).--There is a\nhundred in Norfolk called Grimeshoe or Grimeshow, of which Blomefield,\nin his History, vol. ii. p. 148., says:\n\n  \"It most probably derives its name from _Grime_ and _hoo_, a hilly\n  champaign country. This Grime was (as I take it) some considerable\n  leader or general, probably of the Danes, in this quarter; and if\n  he was not the _pr\u00e6situs comitatus_, or _vicecomes_, that is, the\n  shire reeve or sheriff, he was undoubtedly the _Centuri\u00e6\n  pr\u00e6positus_, that is, the hundred-greeve; and, as such, gave the\n  name to it, which it retains to this day.\"\n\nNear this is a curious Danish encampment, with a number of pits and\ntumuli, called _Grime's Graves_, from the aforementioned Grime. These\nare about two miles east of the village of Weeting, on a rising ground.\nOn the west side of the village is a bank and ditch, extending several\nmiles, called the Fen-dyke or Foss. The encampment contains about two\nacres, and is of a semicircular form. There are numerous deep pits dug\nwithin it in the quincunx form, and capable of concealing a large army.\nThere are also several tumuli, one in particular of a long shape. The\nusual opinion respecting these remains is, that it was the seat of great\nmilitary operations between the Saxons and Danes.\n\n    E. S. TAYLOR.\n\n_Derivation of \"\u00c6ra\"_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--With regard to the\nderivation of _\u00c6ra_ (or _Era_). I have always been accustomed to\nexplain the derivation of _\u00c6ra_ or _Era_ thus:--that it is a term\ntransferred from the [brazen] tablets, on which the records of events\nwere noted, to the events themselves, and thence to the computum, or\nfixed chronological point from which the reckoning proceeds.\n\nMy difficulty here has been to find sufficient instances of the use of\nbrass in ancient times for these purposes. Brass was the material on\nwhich laws, &c. were commonly registered: but the fasti at present\ndiscovered, as far as I can learn, are engraven on marble; as, for\ninstance, the Fasti Capitolini, discovered in the Roman Forum in 1547,\nand the fragments afterwards brought to light in 1817, 1818.\n\nIsidore of Hispola, in the eighth century, in his _Origines_, gives this\nderivation:\n\n  \"\u00c6ra singulorum annorum constituta est a C\u00e6sare Augusto, quando\n  primum censum exegit. Dicta autem \u00c6ra ex eo, quod omnis orbis \u00e6s\n  reddere professus est reipublic\u00e6.\"\n\nI quote on the authority of Facciolati, who adds that others derive the\nword from the letters A.ER.A., \"annus erat Augusti.\" These are not at\nall satisfactory; and I shall be glad if you will allow me to throw in\nmy derivation as \"being worth what it will fetch.\"\n\n    THEOPHYLACT.\n\nKoch says, in note 5 to the Introduction of his _Revolution of Europe_,\nthat \"\u00e6ra\" is derived from the initials of the phrase \"Anno erat\nregnante Augusto;\" and was first used among the Spaniards, who dated\nfrom the renewal of the second triumvirate even down to the fourteenth\nor fifteenth centuries.\n\n    HD.\n\n_Scent of the Blood-hound_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--C. H. asks whether it\nbe true that hound loses his scent--\n\n      \"If he fele swetness of \u00fee flouris.\"\n\nA few years ago a master of fox-hounds in the New Forest excused some\nbad sport in March thus \"The hounds can't hunt for those d--d stinking\nviolets!\" rather to the amusement of some of his field.\n\n    G. N.\n\n_Monk and Cromwell Families_ (Vol. iv., p. 381.).--A SUBSCRIBER seems to\nimply that the Monk and Cromwell families intermarried. In Chauncy's\n_Hertfordshire_, vol. i. p. 582. of the new edition, but which was\noriginally printed in 1700, it is stated, that the well-known manor of\nTheobalds was granted by Charles II. to the great Monk in tail male; on\nthe death of his son, Duke Christopher, it reverted to the crown; and\nthat King William, by letters patent of the 4th of April, 1689, gave it\nto William Bentinck, who was created Earl of Portland. It must have come\ntherefore, to the Cromwells by intermarriage either with Bentinck,\nwhich, I believe, was not the case, or with some subsequent purchasers\nof the manor. Theobalds originally belonged to Sir Robert Cecil, of whom\nJames I. obtained it in exchange for Hatfield. It was given as reward\nfor restoring the Stuarts to Monk, and to Bentinck for assisting again\nto expel them.\n\n    J. H. L.\n\n\"_Truth is that which a man troweth_\" (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--For the\ninformation of your correspondent \u0393. I send the following,\nwhich I believe to be the original authority for the above saying. It is\ntaken from the celebrated work of Horne Tooke's, entitled _Diversions of\nPurley_, which, though highly interesting as a treasury of philological\ninformation, contains this among other absurd attempts to base moral\nconclusions on the foundation of etymology:--\n\n  \"_Truth_ is the third person singular of the indicative _trow_. It\n  was formerly written _troweth_, _trowth_, _trouth_, and _troth_.\n  And it means (_aliquid_, anything, something) that which one\n  _troweth_, i.e. thinketh, or firmly believeth.\"\n\nDugald Stewart, in his _Philosophical Essays_, justly observes regarding\nthe principle involved in such speculations, that \"if it were admitted\nas sound, it would completely undermine the foundations both of logic\nand of ethics.\"\n\n    TYRO.\n\n  Dublin.\n\n\"_Worse than a Crime_\" (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--In reply to a question you\nattribute the famous saying concerning the murder of the Duc D'Enghien\nto Talleyrand.\n\nIf you will refer to p. 266. vol. i. of Fouch\u00e9's _Memoirs_, 2nd edition,\n1825, C. Knight, you will find that he claims the saying to himself:\n\n  \"I was not the person who hesitated to express himself with the\n  least restraint respecting the violence against the rights of\n  nations and of humanity. 'It is more than a crime, it is a\n  political fault.' I said words which I record, because they have\n  been repeated and attributed to others.\"\n\n    J. W.\n\n  Walsall.\n\nIn matters of rumour different people hear different things. I never\nheard the words \"c'estoit pire qu'un crime, c'estoit une faute,\"\nascribed to any one but Fouch\u00e9 of Nantes. I have understood that the\nlate Prince of Cond\u00e9 would not hold any intercourse with the Prince de\nTalleyrand, or with the Court when he was present officiating as Grand\nChamberlain of France, owing to his full conviction of that minister's\nprivity to the murder of his son. But how is that consistent with\nTalleyrand's more than condemning, and even ridiculing the action?\n\n    A. N.\n\n_Verses in Classical Prose_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--Merely as matter of\ninformation, permit me to refer your correspondent A. A. D. to the notes\nof Glareanus and Drakenborch on the first lines of Livy's preface, and\nto the \"variorum\" commentators on the first line of Tacitus' _Annals_\n(\"Urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere\"), for a collection of\nexamples of the occurrence of verse in prose compositions.\n\n    THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY.\n\n_Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru_ (Vol. iv., p. 257.).--Probably the\nmelodramatic spectacle mentioned by MR. HASKINS was derived from a\nSpanish book, of which I possess an English translation, bearing the\nfollowing title:--\n\n  \"A Relation of the First Voyages and Discoveries made by the\n  Spaniards in America, with an Account of their unparalleled\n  Cruelties on the Indians, in the destruction of above Forty\n  Millions of People. Together with the Propositions offered to the\n  King of Spain, to prevent the further ruin of the West Indies. By\n  Don Bartholomew de las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, who was an\n  Eye-witness of their Cruelties. Illustrated with Cuts. London,\n  printed for Daniel Brown at the Black Swan and Bible without\n  Temple Bar, and Andrew Bell at the Cross Keys and Bible in\n  Cornhill, near Stocks Market, 1699.\" 8vo. pp. 248.\n\nThe \"cuts\" are twenty-two in number, on two fly-sheets, and represent\ntorturing death in the most horrible variety.\n\nA MS. note on a fly-leaf, in the handwriting of Mr. Bowdler of Bath,\nsays, \"This book is taken out of the fourth part of Purchas's\n_Pilgrims_, fol. 1569.\"\n\n    E. WARING.\n\n  Hotwells, Clifton.\n\n_Nolo Episcopari_ (Vol. iv., p. 346.).--_Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ seems to\nascribe the above oft-quoted words to the _Roman Pontifical_:--\n\n  \"It is lawful to desire a Bishoprick; neither can the\n  unwillingness to accept it be, in a prudent account, adjudged the\n  aptest disposition to receive it (especially if done in\n  ceremony--(in Pontifical. Rom.)--just in the instant of their\n  entertainment of it, and possibly after a long ambition.)\"--_Life\n  of Christ_, Ad Sect. IX. Part I. 2.; _Considerations upon the\n  Baptism of Jesus_, p. 96. Lond. 1702. Fol.\n\nOn more occasions than one I have hunted Roman Pontificals in vain, but\nI may have been unfortunate in the editions to which I had access.\n\nIt cannot at all events have descended from remote antiquity, for\n\"episcopari\" is a comparatively modern word.\n\nSt. Bernard uses it in his 272nd _Epistle_; but the Benedictine editors\nspeak of it as an \"exotic.\"\n\n    RT.\n\n  Warmington.\n\n_Hougoumont_ (Vol. iv., p. 313.).--The assertion of your correspondent\nA. B. R. I have met with before, but forget where: viz. that the proper\ndesignation of the ch\u00e2teau in question is _Goumont_, and that\n_Hougoumont_ is only a corruption of _Ch\u00e2teau Goumont_.\n\nThis may be the case; but the Duke must not be charged with the\ncorruption, for I have now before me a map of the D\u00e9partement de la\nDyle, published \"l'An 8 de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise, \u00e0 Bruxelles, &c.,\npar Ph. J. Maillart et Soeur,\" &c., in which the place is distinctly\ncalled _Hougoumont_.\n\n    A. C. M.\n\n  Exeter.\n\n_Call a Spade, a Spade_ (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--I have found two early,\nbut unauthenticated, instances of the use of this saying, in a note by\nJ. Scaliger on the _Priapeia, sive Diversorum Poetarum in Priapum\nLusus_:--\n\n      \"Simplicius multo est, ----, latin\u00e8\n      Dicere, quid faciam? crassa Minerv\u00e6 mea est.\"\n\n      _Carmen_, ii. 9, 10.\n\n  \"\u1f0c\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9;\"\n  Aristophanes.--\"Unde jocus maximi Principis, Philippi Macedonis.\n  Quum ii, qui prodiderant Olynthum Philippo, conquestum et\n  expostulatum ad ipsum venissent, quod injurios\u00e8 nimis vocarentur\n  proditores ab aliis Macedonibus: \u03bf\u1f31 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, inquit, \u1f00\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2\n  \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b9\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9.\"\u2014J. Scaliger.\n\nFor which note see the \"Priapeia,\" &c., at the end of an edition of\nPetronius Arbiter, entitled, _Titi Petronii Arbitri Equitis Romani\nSatyricon. Concinnante Michaele Hadrianide. Amstelodami. Typis Ioannis\nBlaeu. M.DC.LXIX._\n\nAs I cannot at this moment refer to any good verbal index to\nAristophanes, I cannot ascertain in what part of his works Scaliger's\nquotation is to be found. Burton, in his preface to the _Anatomy of\nMelancholy_ (\"Democritus Junior to the Reader\"), repeats the saying\ntwice, _i.e._ in Latin and English, and presents it, moreover, in an\nentirely new form:\n\n  \"I am _aqu\u00e6 potor_, drink no wine at all, which so much improves\n  our modern wits; a loose, plain, rude writer, _ficum voco ficum,\n  et ligonem ligonem_, and as free as loose; _idem calamo quod in\n  mente_: I call a spade a spade; _animis h\u00e6c scribo, non auribus_,\n  I respect matter, not words,\" &c.--Democritus Jr. to the Reader,\n  Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, Blake, MDCCCXXXVI. one vol. 8vo.\n  p. 11.\n\n    C. FORBES.\n\n  Temple.\n\n\"_Tace is Latin for a Candle_\" (Vol. i., p. 385.; Vol. ii., p.\n45.).--Your correspondent H. B. C. states that the earliest use he has\nmet with of this phrase is in Dean Swift's _Polite Conversation_,\nwritten, as appears by the preface, about 1731; but he will find, in\nDampier's _Voyages_, the same phrase in use in 1686, or perhaps earlier:\nnot having the work itself at hand, I cannot refer him to the passage,\nbut he will find it quoted in the _United Service Journal_ for 1837,\nPart III. p. 11.\n\n    J. S. WARDEN.\n\n  Balica, Oct. 1851.\n\n_Collars of SS._ (Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236.).--With reference to the\ndifferent notices that have appeared in your pages respecting effigies\nbearing the collar of SS, and especially in compliance with the desire\nexpressed by MR. E. FOSS, that information should be sent to you of any\neffigy that might be met with having this distinction, I beg to state\nthat in the church of St. Mary, Ruabon, Denbighshire, there is a finely\nexecuted high tomb of alabaster, bearing the effigies of \"John ap Ellis\nEyton\" and of his lady \"Elizabeth Chalfrey Ellis Eyton;\" the former\ndeceased A.D. 1524, and the latter A.D. 1527. The knight wears the\ncollar of SS, to which is suspended a rose-shaped ornament, and is\nstated to have been at the battle of Bosworth, and, for his services on\nthat day, to have been granted by Henry VII. what lands he chose. The\nknight's gauntlets lie together on his right side, and his feet rest\nagainst a lion.\n\n    G. J. R. G.\n\n  Pen-y-lau, Ruabon.\n\n_Locusts of the New Testament_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255. 351.).--In reference\nto the word \u1f00\u03ba\u03c1\u1f76\u03c2, which has given rise to so much discussion\nin your very valuable periodical, may I be permitted to observe that the\np\u00e2tois spoken in this town (Nice = Nizza = Nic\u00e6a, founded by the\nPhoc\u00e6ans, expelled their Asian abode by Harpagus; Strabo, l. 4. p. 184.;\nHerod. i. 163.) bears many traces of its Greek origin. The tree which\nanswers to the \"locust\" is called by the peasantry _acro\u00f2b_; and in\norder that you, or any of your correspondents, may observe its\nsimilarity in every point to the Eastern tree, I have transmitted a\npacket of its fruit to your office. I do not know whether Grimm's law\nwould authorise the antithesis of a _d_ for a _p_ sound, but every\nstudent of Romaic will allow the tendency that _i_ and _o_ sounds have\nfor interchanging. This would give _acreed_, \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b4, the root of\n\u1f00\u03ba\u03c1\u1f76\u03c2.\n\n    NIC\u00c6ENSIS.\n\n_Theodolite_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--If your correspondent J. S. WOOD will\nrefer to Todd's _Johnson's Dictionary_, he will find the derivation of\nthe word thus--\n\n  \"THEODOLITE (Fr. from \u03b8\u03b5\u1ff6, Gr., contracted of \u03b8\u03b5\u03ac\u03c9, or \u03b8\u03b5\u03ac\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, to\n  observe; and \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c7\u1f78\u03c2, long. See Morin, _Fr. and Gr. Etym. Dict._),\n  a mathematical instrument for taking heights and distances.\"\n\n    HENRY WILKINSON.\n\n  Brompton, Nov. 15. 1851.\n\n\"_A Posie of other Men's Flowers_\" (Vol. iv., p. 211.).--Your\ncorrespondent MR. C. FORBES appears anxious to know where Montaigne\nspeaks of \"a posie of other men's flowers.\" I believe that there is an\nerror in confining Montaigne's idea thus exclusively to poetry, for I\npresume the passage sought for is what I shall now quote; but if so, it\napplies generally to any borrowed thought from an author embellished by\nanother:\n\n  \"La v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et la raison sont communes \u00e0 un chascun, et ne sont\n  plus \u00e0 celui qui les adictes premi\u00e8rement, qu'\u00e0 qui les dict\n  aprez: ce n'est non plus selon Platon que selon moy, puisque luy\n  et moy l'entendons, et veoyons de mesme. _Les abeilles pillotent\n  de\u00e7a del\u00e0 les fleurs; mais elles en font aprez le miel, qui est\n  tout leur; ce n'est plus thym, ny mariolaine_; ainsi les pi\u00e8ces\n  emprunt\u00e9es d'aultruy, il les transformera et confondra pour en\n  faire un ouvrage tout sien, \u00e0 scavoir son jugement,\"\n  &c.--_Essays_, livre i. chap. 25.\n\nI hope that this will satisfactorily answer your correspondent's\ninquiry.\n\n    J. R.\n\n_Voltaire_ (Vol. iii. p. 433.).--On the subject of _anagrams_, lately\nadverted to by your correspondents, I not long since referred to that\nwhich showed that the name of _Voltaire_, as adduced by me in the\n_Gentleman's Magazine_ a few years back, instead of being, as asserted\nby Lord Brougham and others, that of an estate, was in fact the anagram\nof his family patronymic, with the adjunct of l. j., or junior (le\njeune), to distinguish him from his elder brother. We see similarly the\nPresident of the French National Assembly uniformly called \"Dupin\nl'a\u00een\u00e9\"; and his brother Charles, until created a Baron, always \"Dupin\nle jeune.\" Observing, therefore, that Voltaire was in reality Arouet le\njeune, or, as he signed it, Arouet l. j., and that the two letters u and\nj were, until distinguished by the Elzevir, indiscriminately written v\nand i, the anagram will thus be clearly proved: every letter, though\ntransposed, being equally in both:--\n\n      A R O V E T L J\n      1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8\n\n      V O L T A I R E\n      4 3 7 6 1 8 2 5\n\nAlthough, as above mentioned, this unquestionable fact has already\nappeared in another publication, and, indeed, likewise in the _Dublin\nReview_ for June 1845 (both from me), yet the old mis-statement of this\ncelebrated personage's biographers still continued to be asserted, as it\nhas been in your own pages. This is my motive for now addressing you on\nthe matter. Voltaire, I may add, was a little partial to his paternal\nname. To the Abb\u00e9 Moussinot, his Parisian agent, he thus wrote on the\n17th of May, 1741:\n\n  \"Je vous ai envoy\u00e9 ma signature, dans laquelle j'ai oubli\u00e9 le nom\n  d'Arouet, que j'oublie assez volontiers.\"\n\nAnd, on another occasion:\n\n  \"Je vous renvoie d'autres parchemins, o\u00f9 se trouve ce nom, malgr\u00e9\n  le peu de cas que j'en fais.\"\n\nMixing with the higher classes of society, he wished, like them, to be\nknown by a territorial possession, and framed the name now resounding\nthrough the world, prefixing to it the nobiliary particle, _De_. His\nelder brother was named Armond, whose death preceded that of the younger\nby thirty-seven years, 1741-1778; both were unmarried. Numerous, and\ncurious too, are the anagrams which my memory could furnish me.\n\n    J. R.\n\n_Sina\u00eftic Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--The decipherer of these\ninscriptions was the late Professor Beer of Berlin. T. D. will find his\nalphabet, together with that of the Himyaritic inscriptions, and others\nwhich resemble them, in Dr. (John) Wilson's _Lands of the Bible_.\n\n    E. H. D. D.\n\n_Le Greene at Wrexham_ (Vol. iv., p. 371.).--A survey of the lordships\nof Bromfield and Yale (within the former of which this town is\nsituated), made by Norden about the year 1620 for Charles I., then\nPrince of Wales, has been preserved in the Harleian Collection in the\nBritish Museum. The descriptive part is in Latin; but before the names\nof the places and streets in this town the French article _le_ is used,\nas Le highe street, Le hope street, Le church street, Le beast market,\nLe greene. The larger part of this Le greene (now called \"The Green\")\nhas still grass growing upon it; and there is no tradition that either a\ngranary or corn-mill was ever situated there.\n\n    [Pointing hand symbol]\n\n  Wrexham.\n\n_Cross-legged Effigies_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--In the parish church of\nLimington, Somerset, is a figure of a cross-legged knight, with his hand\non the hilt of his sword, as if about to draw it. The date of the\nfoundation of the chantry in which he lies is said to be 1329, and the\nmouldings and windows appear to testify its correctness.\n\n    [Hebrew: Beth.]\n\n_The Word \u1f08\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u1f78\u03c2_ (Vol. iv., p. 339.).--Your correspondent,\nthe Rev. T. R. BROWN, is right in acquiescing in the ordinary derivation\nof \u1f00\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u1f78\u03c2 from \u1f00 and \u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c6\u03c5\u03c2, but wrong, as I think, in\nendeavouring to find cognate forms in the Indo-Germanic\nlanguages. The fact is, that the word is solely and peculiarly Greek.\nThe Sanscrit word for brother is, as every body knows, _bhratri_ (Latin,\n_frater_, &c.); and that this form was not entirely unknown to the\nHellenic races, is evidenced by their use of \u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1, or\n\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7, in various senses, all of which may easily be reduced\nto the one common idea of brotherhood. How it happened that the word\n\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 was lost in Greek, and \u1f00\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u1f78\u03c2 substituted,\nwe think we can satisfactorily explain, and, if so, the elucidation will\nmake clearer an interesting point in Greek manners. It appears that\nthey, in common with some Eastern nations, looked upon the relationship\nbetween brothers of the same mother as much closer in blood than that in\nwhich the brothers were related through the father alone; and hence the\nwell-known law forbidding \u1f00\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u1f76 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 _alone_ to\nmarry. In the same manner we find Abraham (Gen. xx. 12.) using a similar\nexcuse for marrying Sarah:\n\n  \"And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my\n  father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my\n  wife.\"\n\nIt is not difficult, therefore, to understand how this notion prevailing\namong the Greeks, might lead them to frame a new word from \u1f00\nand \u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c6\u03c5\u03c2, to express the uterine relation of brothers, which\nwould soon in common use supplant the older Indo-German term \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1.\nFor further reasons which may have influenced the dropping of\nthe word \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1, I would refer to a learned article on\n\"Comparative Philology\" in the last number of the _Edinburgh Review_, by\nDr. Max M\u00fcller.\n\nWith regard to the derivations suggested by MR. BROWN from the Hebrew,\nArabic, &c., I think I am justified in laying down as a rule that no\napparent similarity between words in the Semitic and Asian families can\nbe used to establish a real identity, the two classes of language being\nradically and fundamentally distinct.\n\n    J. B.\n\n_Finger Pillories_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--Meeting recently with a person\nwho, although illiterate, is somewhat rich in oral tradition and local\nfolk lore, I inquired if he had ever seen such a thing as that described\nby MR. LAWRENCE. He replied that he had not, but that he had frequently\nheard of these \"stocks,\" as he called them, and that he believed they\nwere used in \"earlier days\" for the purpose of inflicting _penance_ upon\nthose parishioners who absented themselves from mass for any lengthened\nperiod. My informant illustrated his explanation with a \"traditionary\"\nanecdote (too fabulous to trouble you with), which had been the means of\nimparting the above to him. Whether correct or not, however, I must\nleave others to determine.\n\n    J. B. COLMAN.\n\n  [Will our correspondent favour us with the tradition to which he\n  refers?]\n\n_Blackloana Heresis_ (Vol. iv., p. 239.).--The accounts given of\nBlacklow and his religious heresy merely excite curiosity. Will no one\nfurnish some brief particulars of him and his proceedings? For what was\nPeter Talbot famous, and where may his history be read?\n\n    E. A. M.\n\n_Quaker Expurgated Bible._--A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (Vol.\niv., p. 412.) has answered my Query respecting this Bible in a manner\nnot very satisfactory. He says \"no committee was ever appointed by the\nSociety of Friends\" to publish such a Bible, and that the Society adopt\nthe English authorised version only. The authority from which I quoted\ndid not say that the committee had been appointed by the Society of\nFriends, or that the object of the proposed publication was to supersede\nthe version authorised by the Church, which (as is well known) is\nadopted, as your correspondent states, by the Society. What she states\nis this:--That about four years ago a Committee of Friends intended to\npublish such an edition of the Bible, for daily perusal in Friends'\nfamilies; and that a prospectus was printed, in which it was promised\nthat every passage of the Bible would be carefully expunged which was\nunfit for reading aloud, and also those which might be called dangerous,\nwhich the unlearned and unstable might wrest to their own destruction.\n\nMy Query was, whether such a Bible was ever published, and whether any\nof your correspondents could furnish a copy of the prospectus alluded\nto? It is no answer to this to say, that the committee who proposed to\npublish this Bible were not appointed by the Society of Friends, and\nthat the Friends applied to by your correspondent knew nothing of the\nproject. The authoress of the work I quoted has since been publicly\nnamed, and if this query should meet her eye, perhaps she may be able to\ngive me the information I require. It is the more incumbent upon her to\ndo so, as the tone of your correspondent is evidently intended to throw\na doubt upon her veracity.\n\n    T.\n\n\"_Acu tinali merida_\" (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--An ingenious friend has\nsuggested to me the following explanation of this passage:\n\u1f0c\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1. It is rendered almost certain by the words that come\nimmediately after, in the line quoted by C. W. G., _i.e._ \"audi alteram\npartem.\" I am unable, however, to point out the source from which the\nGreek motto was derived. Perhaps some of your readers will solve this\nulterior question.\n\n    C. H.\n\n\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nWhat the Laureate of the day, inspired by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle,\nsang in 1748,--\n\n      \"Th' Almighty hand, which first her shores secured\n      With rolling oceans, and with rocks immured,\n      Which spread her plains, and bade her flocks increase,\n      Designed Britannia for the Land of Peace;\n      Where Commerce only should exert her sway,\n      And musing Science trim th' unfading bay\"--\n\nwas in 1851 recognised by the whole civilised world, not as a poetical\nfiction, but as a practical, we had almost said a political, truth.\nHence the Crystal Palace, that glorious Temple of Concord, which those\npotent genii Fox and Henderson, at the bidding of the arch-magician\nPaxton, raised before our eyes, to put to shame the visionary glories of\nthe _Arabian Nights_;--and hence the avidity with which, like\nministering sprites, all the great manufacturers and producers, artists\nand artizans, vied with each other in assembling beneath its fairy dome\nthe masterpieces of their respective skill, ingenuity, and science.\nHence, too, the unfading interest with which, day after day, from May\nuntil October, did thousands upon thousands press forward to gaze upon a\nscene unparalleled in the world's history, whether for costliness of\ndisplay or moral grandeur.\n\nOf such an event--of such a scene, which it was acknowledged fairly\nrepresented the productive genius of the whole world, all may well\ndesire to preserve some remembrance; and whatever may be the fate of the\nCrystal Palace, the great gathering of the nations which assembled under\nits roof has found an imperishable monument in the three handsome octavo\nvolumes which form _The Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue\nof the Great Exhibition_, 1851. In this great and useful record--the raw\nmaterials for which were furnished by no fewer than _fifteen thousand\nauthors_--we have not only an account of every article exhibited,\naccompanied in many instances by valuable notes from the ablest\nscientific pens, pointing out the leading features of interest in the\nobjects described--which annotations again are rendered still more\nvaluable by the twelve hundred woodcut illustrations which are scattered\nthrough these pages,--but we have also Mr. Cole's valuable Historical\nIntroduction, illustrating the Rise of the Exhibition, its Progress and\nCompletion; Mr. Digby Wyatt's able account of the Construction of the\nBuilding and of the mechanical applications employed; and Mr. Ellis'\ninteresting description of the Revision and Preparation of the\nCatalogue; when we add that it contains, moreover, all sorts of Indices\nand Lists for facilitating references--our readers will, we think, agree\nwith us that this most complete, instructive, and extraordinary\nCatalogue may fairly be regarded as _An Encyclop\u00e6dia of the Industry of\nall Nations in 1851_, and as such should find a place not only in every\nfactory and workshop, but in every study and educational establishment\nwithin the realm. To meet the requirements of those who cannot purchase\nthe _Illustrated Catalogue_, Messrs. Spicer have issued a corrected and\nimproved edition of the _Official Catalogue, with Alphabetical Indices\nof Names and Subjects, and British and Foreign Priced Lists_: while to\nenable the non-scientific reader to understand, and to furnish the\nscientific reader with the results, or, as we might term it, a\nsumming-up of the details to be found in the works already described,\nthey commissioned Mr. Robert Hunt to prepare a _Handbook to the Official\nCatalogues; an Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and\nManufactures of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations_,\n1851; and that gentleman has so ably executed his task, that, though\nsome who may only wish for general views and impressions may content\nthemselves with his _Handbook_, the majority of the purchasers of the\nlarger Catalogues must secure Mr. Hunt's interesting volume as an\nindispensable companion to them.\n\nWhen we read the announcement that Mr. Planch\u00e9 was about to publish _The\nPursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded upon Facts_, we looked for a\nwork in which good common sense and sound antiquarian knowledge would be\nfound applied to an important branch of historical learning, which has\nbeen too often followed by men whose disregard of the former, and want\nof the latter gift, have done much to justify Voltaire's biting sarcasm\nupon heraldry. Nor have we been disappointed. The work is one of facts\nrather than of inferences; and although the accomplished gentleman now\nat the head of the College of Arms, to whom, \"as an able antiquary and\nworthy man,\" the work is most appropriately dedicated, may probably\ndissent from some of Mr. Planch\u00e9's views, he will, we are sure, admit\nthat they are cautiously advanced, and maintained with learning and\nability; and that the _Pursuivant of Arms_, with its numerous woodcut\nillustrations drawn from old seals, monuments, &c., is a valuable\ncontribution towards a more perfect knowledge of heraldic antiquities.\n\nFew books of travels in the East have excited greater attention, on\ntheir first appearance, or maintained their popularity for a longer\nperiod, than the lively volume entitled _Eothen_. In selecting it,\ntherefore, for the Eleventh and Twelfth Parts of _The Traveller's\nLibrary_, Messrs. Longman have shown their determination to maintain the\ninterest of that excellent series of cheap books.\n\nCATALOGUES RECEIVED.--C. Skeet's (21. King William Street, Strand)\nCatalogue No. 3. of Old and New Books; W. Lumley's (56. Chancery Lane)\nBibliographical Advertiser No. 9., Ninth Series; E. Stibbs's (331.\nStrand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books; W. S. Lincoln's\n(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Seventy-fifth Catalogue of English,\nForeign, Classical and Miscellaneous Cheap Second-hand Books; and\nSupplementary Catalogue of Italian Books.\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nMITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo.\n\nWILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a\ncopy.\n\nFLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of\nhis works.\n\nBEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS.\n\nLAW'S APPEAL, &c.\n\nLAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON.\n\nHUNTER'S DEANERY OF DONCASTER. Vol. I. Large or small paper.\n\nCLARE'S RURAL MUSE.\n\nCHRISTIAN PIETY FREED FROM THE DELUSIONS OF MODERN ENTHUSIASTS. A.D.\n1756 or 1757.\n\nAN ANSWER TO FATHER HUDDLESTONE'S SHORT AND PLAIN WAY TO THE FAITH AND\nCHURCH. By Samuel Grascombe. London, 1703. 8vo.\n\nREASONS FOR ABROGATING THE TEST IMPOSED UPON ALL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT.\nby Samuel Parker, Lord Bishop of Oxon. 1688. 4to.\n\nLEWIS'S LIFE OF CAXTON. 8vo. 1737.\n\nCATALOGUE OF JOSEPH AMES'S LIBRARY. 8vo. 1760.\n\nTRAPP'S COMMENTARY. Folio. Vol. I.\n\nWHITLAY'S PARAPHRASE ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. Folio. Vol. I. 1706.\n\nLONG'S ASTRONOMY. 4to. 1742.\n\nADAMS' MORAL TALES.\n\nAUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. JOHNSON. 1805.\n\n  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,\n  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND\n  QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nBOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. _In compliance with the suggestion of several\ncorrespondents, that the space now occupied by our enumeration of\ncatalogues published during the week might be filled with information of\ngreater interest to our readers, such announcements will in future be\ndiscontinued._\n\nO. S. _The passage_--\n\n      \"Finds tongues in trees,\" &c.\n\n_is in Shakspeare's_ As You Like It, Act II. Scene 1.\n\nW. S. (Linwood). _The_ History of Napoleon _in the_ Family Library _was\nwritten by Mr. Lockhart._\n\nMR. FENTON'S _Query was received, and, as we thought, inserted. It shall\nbe attended to._\n\nDRYASDUST'S _Query respecting the \"Crucifix\" appeared in our last\nNumber_, p. 422.\n\n_A copy of_ D'ARBLAY'S DIARY, Vol. II., _has been reported, and may be\nhad of the Publisher._\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED.--_Coins of Vabalathus--Crosses and Crucifixes--Mrs.\nMary Anne Clarke--Coke, how pronounced--Freemasonry--Calendar of\nKnights--Ellrake--Isabel of Man--Cromwell Estates--Jonah and the Whale,\n&c.--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Locust Tree--Story in Jeremy\nTaylor--Deep Well near Banstead Downs--Erroneous Scripture\nQuotations--Crowns have their Compass--Presant Family--Dido and \u00c6neas,\n&c.--Earwig--Passage in Virgil--Passage in Campbell--Bristol\nTables--Slums, &c.--Serpent with a Human Head--Abigail--Hogarth and\nCooper._\n\n_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H.,\n_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by\ncirculating them._\n\nVOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,\nprice 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country\nSubscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped\nEdition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office\nOrder drawn in favour of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet\nStreet; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be\naddressed._\n\n_Erratum._--Vol. iv. p. 429. col. i. 1. 15. for \"works of\" read \"works\nof two of.\"\n\n\n\n\nTHE ART JOURNAL FOR JANUARY 1852.\n\n  Circulation guaranteed at 30,000.\n\n  Advertisements for January should be addressed to MR. CLARK, \"Art\n  Journal Office,\" 8. Wellington Street North, ON OR BEFORE THE\n  THIRTEENTH INSTANT.\n\n\nSEASONABLE GIFT-BOOK FOR THE YOUNG.\n\n  Just published, fcap. 8vo., cloth, with Steel Engravings, price\n  4_s._ 6_d._\n\n  THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS, and OTHER TALES. By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY.\n  Dedicated to her Children.\n\n    \"Approaching in tone and tendency to the Fa\u00ebry Tales of Andersen.\n    Most commendable as a fa\u00ebry book, with a beautiful Frontispiece\n    Illustration by an amateur artist, Miss L. E.\n    Barker.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\n    \"A very pretty little book, showing a great deal of talent and\n    originality. Indeed, the children are so real, so like our own\n    small friends and acquaintance in all their ways and sayings, that\n    it gives an additional quaintness to the story to find them,\n    subject to the influence of fairies. The lessons are all\n    admirable.\"--_The Monthly Packet._\n\n  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nJust published, No. 14. price 2_s._ 6_d._ imperial 4to.,\n\n  DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing\n  examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect.\n\n  CONTENTS.\n\n      E.E.  Side Elevation and Section, South Porch,\n            West Walton Church, Norfolk.\n        \"   Details of Pinnacle from ditto      ditto.\n        \"   Window, Binham Priory, Norfolk.\n        \"   Door.        ditto      ditto.\n      DEC. Diaper work from Winchelsea.\n\n  (Continued Monthly.)\n\n  London: D. BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.\n\n\nNEW WORK BY DR. R. G. LATHAM.\n\n  This day, demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth,\n\n  THE GERMANIA OF TACITUS; with Ethnological Dissertations and\n  Notes. By Dr. R. G. LATHAM, Author of the \"English Language,\" &c.\n\n  London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street; and\n  27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.\n\n\nCHEAP FOREIGN BOOKS.\n\n      Just published, post free, one stamp,\n\n  WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S SECOND-HAND CATALOGUE, No. 4. Literature,\n  History, Travels, German Language, Illustrated Books, Art,\n  Architecture, and Ornament. 600 Works at very much reduced prices.\n\n  WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S GERMAN BOOK CIRCULARS. 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Cooper        Hunt          Robson\n      Cotman           Jenkins       C. Stanfield\n      D. Cox           Lance         Topham\n      Dewint           Martin        J. M. W. Turner\n      Fripp            M\u00fcller        Harrison Weir\n      and other celebrated Artists.\n\n  [Star symbol] Catalogues will be forwarded to Gentlemen favouring\n  S. & B. with their Address.\n\n\nTHE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER contains: 1. The Metamorphosis of\nApuleius. 2. Gleanings from the Irish Council Books. 3. The Duchess of\nAngouleme. 4. Medi\u00e6val Art, as exemplified in the Exhibition of 1851. 5.\nAutobiography of Lady Springett, one of the first Quakers. 6. Ulrich von\nHutten, Part IV. 7. Carlyle's Life of Sterling. 8. William Wyon and his\nWorks (with a Portrait). 9. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. 10. Notes\nof the Month. With Miscellaneous Reviews, Antiquarian Intelligence,\nHistorical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Right Hon.\nCharles Hope, Hon. 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ARNOLD, M.A. Price 5_s._ 6_d._\n\n    \"Mr. Arnold has succeeded in preparing a work admirably adapted to\n    meet the wants of English students of the French language. The\n    philosophical explanation of the changes of consonants, together\n    with the frequent references to Latin words and idioms by way of\n    illustration and comparison, render it far superior as a\n    school-book to any other introduction, even from the pen of a\n    native writer. The sound principles of imitation and repetition\n    which have secured for the author a reputation widely extended and\n    well deserved are here happily exemplified. His account of the\n    differences of idiom is very satisfactory and complete: whoever\n    thoroughly masters it, will rarely want any thing further on the\n    subject.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\n  5. A KEY to the Exercises, by M. DELILLE. Price 2_s._ 6_d._\n\n  6. HANDBOOK of FRENCH VOCABULARY. Price 4_s._ 6_d._\n\n\nNEW NUMBER OF MR. ARNOLD'S THEOLOGICAL CRITIC.\n\n  Now ready, price 4_s._; (by post, 4_s._ 6_d._); the Fourth Number of\n\n  THE THEOLOGICAL CRITIC; a Quarterly Journal. Edited by the Rev.\n  THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow\n  of Trinity College, Cambridge.\n\n  This Journal embraces Theology in its widest acceptation, and\n  several articles of each Number are devoted to Biblical Criticism.\n\n  CONTENTS.--1. Scipio de Ricci (_concluded_).--2. Galatians iii.\n  19, 20.--3. On the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.--4.\n  On \u1f10\u03c6' \u1fa7 in the New Testament.--5. Schmidt's Cathari,\n  or Albigenses.--6. Cycles of Egyptian Chronology.--7. The Madonna\n  of Ancona.--8. The Septuagint Version an Authentic and Valuable\n  Tradition.--9. Mesmerism.--10. \"Things New and Old.\"--Notices of\n  Books received.--Contents of the Theological Journals.\n\n  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;\n\n  Now ready, The FIRST VOLUME, price 16_s._ 6_d._\n\n\nIn royal 8vo. with a Plan and Sixteen Plates of Antiquities, price\n12_s._ cloth,\n\n  EBURACUM; or YORK UNDER THE ROMANS, by C. WELLBELOVED.\n\n  London: LONGMAN, BROWN & CO.; York: R. SUNTER and H. SOTHERAN.\n\n\nNow ready, Two New Volumes of\n\n  THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD\n  FOSS, F.S.A.\n\n  Volume Three, 1272-1377. Volume Four, 1377-1485.\n\n  Lately published, price 14_s._ each, cloth,\n\n  Volume One, 1066-1199. Volume Two, 1199-1272.\n\n  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.\n\n\nPROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. CITY BRANCH: 2. 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With a Mathematical Appendix on\n  Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A.,\n  Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament\n  Street, London.\n\n\nSPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS.\n\n  Intending Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the\n  principles, rates, and whole provisions of the\n\n  SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION\n\n  with those of any existing company.\n\n  In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the\n  policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal\n  liability. It claims superiority, however, over other mutual\n  offices in the following particulars.\n\n  1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See\n  specimens below.\n\n  2. A more accurate adjustment of the rates of premium to the\n  several ages.\n\n  3. A principle in the division of the surplus more safe,\n  equitable, and favourable to good lives.\n\n  4. Exemption from entry money.\n\n  Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits.\n\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------\n      Age 20 |   25   |  30   |   35   |   40   |  45   |  50   |  55\n      -------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------\n      1 15 8 | 1 18 0 | 2 1 6 | 2 6 10 | 2 14 9 | 3 4 9 | 4 1 7 | 5 1 11\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n  [Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits, payable for 21\n  years only.]\n\n      -------------------------------------------------------------\n      Age 20 |   25   |   30   |   35   |   40  |   45    |   50\n      -------+--------+--------+--------+-------+---------+--------\n       2 7 0 | 2 10 8 | 2 14 6 | 2 19 8 | 3 6 4 | 3 14 9  |  4 7 2\n      -------------------------------------------------------------\n\n  All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud.\n\n  Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of\n  the Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be\n  forwarded (gratis) on application at the London Office, 12.\n  Moorgate Street.\n\n  GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London.\n\n\nJust Published,\n\n  ALMANACKS FOR 1852.\n\n  WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with\n  Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public\n  Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for\n  Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the\n  Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses;\n  Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars\n  respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with\n  Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars\n  of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities,\n  &c. 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Aboe, 1826. 21_s._\n\n  =Flemish.=--OLINGER, DICTIONNAIRE FLAMAND-FRANCAIS et\n  FRANCAIS-FLAMAND. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 1842. 24_s._\n\n  =French.=--BOISTE, DICTIONNAIRE UNIVERSELLE de la LANGUE\n  FRANCAISE, avec le Latine et l'Etymologie. 4to. 1847. 18_s._\n\n  ---- FLEMMING AND TIBBINS, GRAND ENGLISH and FRENCH, and FRENCH and\n  ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 thick volumes, imp. 4to. 2_l._ 12_s._ 6_d._\n\n  =Frisian.=--RICHTHOFEN (K. v.), ALTFRIESISCHES W\u00d6RTERBUCH. 4to.\n  1840. (Published at 20_s._), 8_s._\n\n  =German.=--ADELUNG, W\u00d6RTERBUCH der HOCHDEUTSCHEN MUNDART. 4 vols.\n  royal 8vo. 1793-1802. (Published at 35_s._), 21_s._\n\n  ---- HEYSE, HANDW\u00d6RTERBUCH der DEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. Complete in 3\n  thick vols. 8vo. 1833-49. 24_s._\n\n  =German-English.=--HILPERT'S GERMAN and ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 4\n  vols. 4to. Strongly half-bound morocco (publ. at 4_l._ 12_s._),\n  3_l._ 12_s._\n\n  ---- The ENGLISH-GERMAN PART. 2 vols. 4to. Half-bound morocco, in\n  one volume, 1_l._ 8_s._\n\n  ---- The GERMAN-ENGLISH PART. 2 vols. 4to. Half-bound morocco, in\n  one volume, 2_l._ 8_s._\n\n  ---- FLUGEL'S OWN ENLARGED GERMAN and ENGLISH DICTIONARY,\n  containing Forty Thousand Words more than the late London or any\n  other edition. 2 very thick vols. 8vo. Cloth lettered. Leipsic.\n  (Published in Germany at 2_l._ 5_s._), 1_l._ 11_s._ 6_d._\n\n  =Gothic.=--GABELENTZ u. LOEBE, GLOSSARIUM der GOTHISCHEN SPRACHE.\n  4to. 1843. 13_s._ 6_d._\n\n  ---- SCHULZE, GOTHISCHES GLOSSAR mit Vorrede v. JAC. GRIMM. 4to.\n  1848. 18_s._\n\n  =Greek.=--BENFEY, GRIECHISCHES WURZEL-LEXICON. 2 vols. 8vo.\n  1839-42. (Publ. at 27_s._), 13_s._ 6_d._\n\n  ---- PLANCH\u00c9, DICTIONNAIRE GREC-FRANCAIS. Compos\u00e9 sur le Thesaurus\n  de H. Etienne. Royal 8vo. cloth, 1845. 17_s._ 6_d._\n\n  =Greek (Modern).=--SCHMIDT, DICTIONNAIRE\n  GREC-MODERNE--FRANCAIS--ALLEMAND. 8vo. 1838. 8_s._\n\n  =Hebrew; Chaldae.=--GESENIUS, LEXICON MANUALE HEBR\u00c6IC. et CHALD.\n  Ed. 2. Royal 8vo. 1848. 14_s._ 6_d._\n\n  ---- GESENIUS, THESAURUS PHILOLOG. CRIT. LING. HEBR\u00c6\u00c6 et CHALDE\u00c6.\n  Vols. I. to III. Part I. (all out). 4to. 1828-42 (Publ. at 3_l._\n  4_s._), 1_l._ 15_s._\n\n  ---- KIMCHI (RAB. DAV.) RADICUM LIBER, seu Hebr\u00e6um Bibliorum\n  Lexicon. 4to. 1848. 15_s._\n\n  =Hungarian.=--BLOCH, UNGARISCH u. DEUTSCHES W\u00d6RTERBUCH 2 vols.\n  8vo. 1848. 12_s._\n\n  =Icelandic.=--HALDERSON (B.), LEXICON, ISLANDICO-LATINO-DANICUM\n  cur. RASK. 2 vols. 4to. 1814. 1_l._ 9_s._\n\n  =Illyrian.=--VOLTIGGI, ILLYRIAN ITALIAN-GERMAN DICTIONARY and\n  GRAMMAR. 610 pages. 8vo. Vienna. 6_s._ 6_d._\n\n  =Italian.=--BUTTURA, DICTIONNAIRE ITALIEN-FRAN\u00c7AIS et FRAN\u00c7.-ITAL.\n  2 vols. 8vo. 1832. 10_s._\n\n  =Jakutsh.=--B\u00d6HTLINGK (O.), W\u00d6RTERBUCH, GRAMMATIK, TEXT \u00dcBER DIE\n  SPRACHE DER JAKUTEN. 4to. Petersb. 1851. 20_s._\n\n  =Japanese.=--PFIZMAIER, W\u00d6RTERBUCH DER JAPANES. SPRACHE.\n  (Japanese-German-English). Part I. Fol. 1851. 23_s._\n\n  =Javanese.=--GERICKE, JAVAANSCH-NEDERDUITSCH WOORDENBOEK uitg. d.\n  T. ROORDA. Royal 8vo. bds. 1848. 2_l._ 5_s._\n\n  =Lapland.=--IHRE, LEXICON LAPPONICUM, Gramm. Lapp. auct. 4to.\n  1780. 30_s._\n\n  =Latin.=--FREUND (W.), W\u00d6RTERBUCH DER LATEIN. SPRACHE. 4 vols.\n  royal 8vo. (5,000 pages). 1846. (Publ. at 4_l._) 2_l._ 6_s._\n\n  =Lithuanian.=--NESSELMANN, W\u00d6RTERBUCH DER LITTHAUISCHEN SPRACHE.\n  Royal 8vo. 1851. 10_s._ 6_d._\n\n  =Malay.=--WILDE (A. de), NEDERL. MALAEISCH-SONDASCH. WOERDENBOEK.\n  8vo. 1841. 10_s._ 6_d._\n\n  =Mongol.=--SCHMIDT, MONGOLISCH-DEUTSCH-RUSSISCH. W\u00d6RTERBUCH. 4to.\n  1835. 1_l._ 8_s._\n\n  =Norse.=--AASEN (J.), ORDBOG over det NORSKE FOLKESPROG. Royal\n  8vo. 1850. 10_s._\n\n  =Ossetic.=--SJ\u00d6GREN, OSSETISCH-DEUTSCH u. DEUTSCH-OSSETISCHES\n  W\u00d6RTERBUCH, mit Grammatik. 4to. Petersb. 1844. 12_s._\n\n  =Persian.=--SAMACHSCHARI, LEXICON ARABICUM-PERSICUM atque\n  INDICEM ARABICUM, adj. WETZSTEIN. 4to. bds. 1850. 27_s._\n\n  =Polish-English= and ENGLISH-POLISH DICTIONARY, compiled from\n  Linde, Mrongovius, &c. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 1851. 20_s._\n\n  =Polyglot.=--REEHORST, POLYGLOT MARINER'S and MERCHANT'S\n  DICTIONARY, in English, Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, French,\n  Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian. Obl. 8vo. (Publ. at\n  20_s._) 5_s._\n\n  =Russian.=--HEYM, DICTIONNAIRE RUSSE, FRAN\u00c7AIS et ALLEMANDE.\n  Second Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. 1844. 1_l._ 7_s._\n\n  ---- RUSSIAN-ENGLISH and ENGLISH-RUSSIAN POCKET-DICTIONARY. 1846.\n  3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  =Sanscrit.=--BOPP (F.), GLOSSARIUM SANSCRITUM COMPARATIV. 4to.\n  1847. 20_s._\n\n  ---- WESTERGAARD, RADICES LINGU\u00c6 SANSCRIT\u00c6. Royal 8vo. 1841.\n  (Publ. at 34_s._) 12_s._\n\n  =Slavonic (Old).=--NICKLOSICH (F.), LEXICON LINGU\u00c6 SLOVENIC\u00c6\n  VETERIS DIALECTI. 4to. 1850. 12_s._\n\n  =Swedish= and ENGLISH POCKET-DICTIONARY. 16mo. 1845. 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  =Syriac.=--CASTELLI, LEXICON SYRIACUM, ed. MICHAELIS. 2 vols. 4to.\n  1788. (Publ. at 22_s._ 6_d._) 6_s._\n\n  =Teutonic.=--GRAFF, ALTHOCHDEUTSCHER SPRACHSCHATZ od. W\u00d6RTERBUCH\n  der ALTDEUTSCHEN SPRACHE. 7 vols. 4to. (Publ. at 7_l._) 2_l._\n  12_s._ 6_d._\n\n  ---- MEIDINGER, DICTIONNAIRE COMPARATIF et ETYMOLOGIQUE des\n  LANGUES TEUTO-GOTHIQUES. Royal 8vo. 1836. 12_s._\n\n  ---- ZIEMANN (A.) MITTELHOCHDEUTSCHES W\u00d6RTERBUCH, nebst gram.\n  Einleitung. Royal. 8vo. 1828. (Publ. at 17_s._ 6_d._) 8_s._\n\n  =Tibetan.=--SCHMIDT, TIBETANISCH-DEUTSCHES W\u00d6RTERBUCH. 4to.\n  Petersb. 1841. 28_s._\n\n  14. HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.\n\n\nNEW EDITIONS.\n\n  I.\n\n  A New Edition of\n\n  THE POETICAL WORKS OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, including the \"Lord of the\n  Isles,\" and a variety of other Copyright Poetry, contained in no\n  other Pocket Edition. With a Life of Scott, and Illustrations on\n  Wood and Steel. 12mo. handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges,\n  5_s._, or large paper, with additional Engravings, 6_s._ 6_d._\n\n  II.\n\n  A New Edition of\n\n  THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in \"The\n  Tales of a Grandfather.\" 12mo., illustrated by numerous Engravings\n  on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, gilt leaves, 4_s._\n\n  III.\n\n  A New Edition of\n\n  THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, by SIR WALTER SCOTT, as contained in \"The\n  Tales of a Grandfather.\" 3 vols. 12mo., illustrated by numerous\n  Engravings on Wood and Steel, and handsomely bound in cloth,\n  12_s._, extra cloth, gilt edges, 15_s._\n\n  IV.\n\n  Three volumes in one, profusely illustrated, cloth, gilt edges,\n  7_s._ Separate volumes, cloth, gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._\n\n  READINGS FOR THE YOUNG. Selected from the Works of Sir WALTER\n  SCOTT, containing\n\n      1. Tales of Chivalry and the Olden Time.\n      2. Historical and Romantic Narratives.\n      3. Scottish Scenes and Characters.\n\n  V.\n\n  An Illustrated Edition of\n\n  THE HISTORY OF PALESTINE, by DR. KITTO. From the Patriarchal Age\n  to the present time, with introductory chapters on the Geography\n  and Natural History of the Country, and on the Customs and\n  Institutions of the Hebrews. 12mo. Illustrated by upwards of 200\n  Engravings on Wood and Steel, handsomely bound in cloth, 6_s._, or\n  with gilt leaves, 6_s._ 6_d._\n\n  VI.\n\n  A Second Edition of\n\n  VIEWS OF CANADA AND THE COLONISTS. Embracing the Experience of an\n  Eight Years' Residence; Views of the Present State, Progress, and\n  Prospects of the Colony; with detailed and practical Information\n  for intending Emigrants. By JAS. B. BROWN. Small 8vo., with a Map,\n  price 4_s._ 6_d._\n\n  RECENTLY PUBLISHED.\n\n  In a thick and closely-printed volume, price 16_s._ The Fourth\n  Edition of\n\n  THE WEALTH OF NATIONS, by ADAM SMITH, LL.D. With a Life Of the\n  Author, Notes, and Supplemental Dissertations, by J. R. M'CULLOCH,\n  Esq.\n\n  This edition contains elaborate NOTES ON OUR MONETARY SYSTEM,\n  REPEAL of the CORN and NAVIGATION LAWS, our COLONIAL POLICY, &c.\n\n  The INDEX extends to fifty closely-printed pages, affording\n  facilities in the consultation of the work which no other edition\n  possesses to nearly so great an extent.\n\n    \"Adam Smith's errors, when he fell into any, are corrected: most\n    of the improvements made in his science since his time are\n    recorded; and the work is not only adapted to our age, but is a\n    history of past aberrations, and of the progress towards truth.\n    Mr. M'Culloch's great attainments are too well known to make any\n    work he publishes require any other notice or recommendation than\n    such a brief description as we have now given of the contents of\n    this.\"--_Economist._\n\n  In two volumes, price 3_l._, illustrated by 554 Engravings on\n  Wood, besides Maps, and Views on Steel,\n\n  A CYCLOP\u00c6DIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE. By JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A.,\n  &c. &c. Assisted by forty able Scholars and Divines, British,\n  Continental, and American, whose initials are affixed to their\n  respective Contributions.\n\n    \"Among the contributors are to be recognised the names of many of\n    the most distinguished Biblical Scholars, both British and\n    Foreign. It is not, therefore, too much to say, that this\n    Cyclop\u00e6dia surpasses every Biblical Dictionary which has preceded\n    it, and that it leaves nothing to be desired in such a work which\n    can throw light on the criticism, interpretation, history,\n    geography, arch\u00e6ology, and physical science of the\n    Bible.\"--_Horne's Introduction to the Critical Study of the\n    Scriptures._\n\n  In a beautifully printed volume, 8vo., price 10_s._ 6_d._,\n  illustrated by 336 Engravings on Wood,\n\n  A CYCLOP\u00c6DIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE FOR THE PEOPLE. By JOHN KITTO,\n  D.D., F.S.A., &c. This Work is studiously accommodated to the\n  wants of the great body of the religious public. It forms a\n  Popular Digest of the contents of the Two-volume Work, and\n  possesses the same superiority over Popular Dictionaries of its\n  class as the Original Work confessedly does over those which\n  aspire to higher erudition. To Parents, to Sunday School Teachers,\n  to Missionaries, and to all engaged, either statedly or\n  occasionally, in the important business of Biblical Education, the\n  volume is confidently recommended as \"at once the most valuable\n  and the cheapest compendium of Bible Knowledge for the People\n  which has ever appeared in this country.\"\n\n  In a handsome volume, strongly half-bound in morocco, with gilt\n  leaves, price 2_l._ 16_s._,\n\n  BLACK'S GENERAL ATLAS OF THE WORLD. New Edition, Revised and\n  Corrected throughout, with Numerous additional Maps, and an Index\n  of 60,000 Names.\n\n  The work is in every respect accommodated to the present advanced\n  state of geographical research, and whether on the ground of\n  Accuracy, Beauty of Execution, or Cheapness, the Publishers invite\n  a comparison with any work of its class.\n\n    \"We are now in possession of an 'Atlas' which comprehends every\n    discovery of which the present century can boast. It ought at once\n    to supersede all other works of the kind, and we earnestly\n    recommend those who are entrusted with the duty of education to\n    accept it as their standard of correctness.\"--_United Service\n    Gazette_, February 22, 1851.\n\n  In one thick volume, 8vo., double columns, price 12_s._, the Tenth\n  Edition of\n\n  A DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, DESIGNED FOR POPULAR USE. Containing an\n  Account of Diseases and their Treatment, including those most\n  frequent in Warm Climates; with Directions for Administering\n  Medicines; the Regulation of Diet and Regimen; and the Management\n  of the Diseases of Women and Children. By ALEXANDER MACAULAY,\n  M.D., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and\n  Physician Accoucheur to the New Town Dispensary.\n\n    \"Just such a work as every head of a family ought to have on his\n    book-shelf.\"--_Brighton Herald._\n\n    \"If sterling merit might be the passport to success, this work\n    will obtain the most extensive celebrity.\"--_Bath Herald._\n\n    \"Calculated to accomplish all that could be wished in a Popular\n    System of Medicine.\"--_Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal._\n\n    \"We have seen nothing of the kind better adapted for\n    consultation.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"Decidedly the most useful book of the kind that has yet been\n    offered to the public.\"--_Caledonian Mercury._\n\n  ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, Edinburgh; and sold by all Booksellers.\n\n\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, December 6, 1851.\n\n\n\n\n      [List of volumes and pages in \"Notes and Queries\", Vol. I-IV]\n\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |\n      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |\n      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |\n      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |\n      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |\n      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |\n      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |\n      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |\n      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |\n      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |\n      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |\n      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |\n      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |\n      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |\n      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |\n      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |\n      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |\n      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |\n      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |\n      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |\n      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |\n      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |\n      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |\n      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |\n      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |\n      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |\n      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |\n      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |\n      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |\n      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |\n      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |\n      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |\n      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |\n      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |\n      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |\n      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |\n      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |\n      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |\n      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |\n      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |\n      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |\n      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |\n      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |\n      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |\n      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |\n      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |\n      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |\n      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |\n      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |\n      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |\n      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |\n      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |\n      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |\n      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |\n      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |\n      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |\n      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |\n      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |\n      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |\n      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |\n      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |\n      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |\n      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |\n      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851      | 305-333 | PG # 38926 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov.  1, 1851      | 337-358 | PG # 39076 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov.  8, 1851      | 361-374 | PG # 39091 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851      | 377-396 | PG # 39135 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851      | 401-414 | PG # 39197 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851      | 417-430 | PG # 39233 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |\n      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |\n      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |\n      +------------------------------------------------+------------+","title":"Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, December 6, 1851: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":31379}