{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_40642/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_40642","id":"gutenberg_40642","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40642","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Journalism/Media/Writing","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been\nstandardized. Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with\nan equal sign, as [=m] for a letter m with a macron on top.\n_Underscores_ have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; +plus+ signs\nindicate +bold+ fonts. Notes and Queries, Index of Volume 4,\nJuly-December, 1851, has been made available separately as PG ebook\n#40166. A list of volumes and pages in \"Notes and Queries\" has been\nadded at the end.]\n\n\n\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION\n\nFOR\n\nLITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\nVOL. V.--No. 116.\n\nSATURDAY, JANUARY 17. 1852.\n\nWith Index, Price Tenpence. Stamped Edition, 11_d._\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n                                                                Page\n\n\n      NOTES:--\n\n      Mechanical Arrangements of Books                            49\n\n      Caxton Memorial, by Beriah Botfield                         51\n\n      Settle's Female Prelate, or Pope Joan; a Tragedy, by\n      James Crossley                                              52\n\n      Historical Bibliography                                     52\n\n      Calamities of Authors                                       55\n\n      Folk Lore:--Valentine's Day; Superstition in\n      Devonshire--Fairies                                         55\n\n      Minor Notes:--Lines in Whispering Gallery at Gloucester\n      Cathedral--Definition of Thunder--Greek Epigram\n      by an uncertain Author                                      56\n\n      QUERIES:--\n\n      Burning of the Jesuitical Books at Paris, by\n      H. Merivale                                                 56\n\n      Grantham Altar Case                                         56\n\n      Meaning of Groom, by E. Davis Protheroe                     57\n\n      Minor Queries:--Gregentius and the Jews in Arabia\n      Felix--King Street Theatre--Lesteras and Emencin--Epigram on\n      Franklin and Wedderburn--Plenius and his Lyrichord--Epigram\n      on Burnet--Dutch Chronicle of the World--\"Arborei foetus\n      alibi, atque iniussa virescunt Gramina\" (Virgil G.\n      I. 55.)--History of Brittany--Serjeants' Rings--The Duchess\n      of Cleveland's Cow-pox--Arms of Manchester--Heraldical\n      MSS. of Sir Henry St. George Garter                         58\n\n      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--The Pelican, as a Symbol\n      of the Saviour--Bishop Coverdale's Bible--Age of the\n      Oak--Olivarius--Vincent Bourne's Epilogus in Eunuchum\n      Terentii--Burton, Bp., Founder of Schools, &c.,\n      at Loughborough, co. Leicester--Hoo                         59\n\n      REPLIES:--\n\n      Modern Names of Places                                      61\n\n      Proverbial Philosophy; Parochial Library at Maidstone,\n      by John Branfill Harrison                                   61\n\n      \"A Breath can make them as a Breath has made\"               62\n\n      Bogatzky                                                    63\n\n      Moravian Hymns                                              63\n\n      Replies to Minor Queries:--Inveni portum--Quarter\n      Waggoner--Cibber's Lives of the Poets--Poniatowski\n      Gems--Dial Motto at Karlsbad--Passage in Jeremy\n      Taylor--Aue Trici and Gheeze Ysenoudi--Rev. John\n      Paget--Lines on the Bible--Dial Mottoes--Martial's\n      Distribution of Hours--Nelson's Signal--Cooper's\n      Miniature, &c.--Roman Funeral Pile--Barrister--Meaning\n      of Dray--Tregonwell Frampton--Vermin,\n      Parish Payments of, &c.--Alterius Orbis Papa--Dido\n      and \u00c6neas--Compositions during the Protectorate             64\n\n      MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      69\n\n      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                70\n\n      Notices to Correspondents                                   70\n\n      Advertisements                                              70\n\n\n\n\nNotes.\n\n\nMECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS OF BOOKS.\n\nAll persons who, whatever might be their motive, have followed any\nsubject of literary research, must be aware of the extent to which their\nlabours are facilitated or retarded by the mechanical arrangements of\nbooks, such as the goodness of paper, the legibility of type, the size\nof volumes, the presence or absence of table of contents, indexes, and\nother means of reference. It is in the possession of these conveniences\nthat the capabilities of typography, and its superiority over\nmanuscript, mainly consist. I propose now to set down a few remarks on\nthis subject, in the hope that any means, however trifling they may\nseem, by which literary knowledge is rendered more commodious and\naccessible, will not be deemed unworthy of attention by your readers.\n\nWith regard to the form of printed letters, it is difficult to conceive\nany improvement in modern typography, as practised in Italy, France, and\nEngland. This is equally true of Roman and Greek characters. The Greek\ntypes introduced by Porson leave nothing to be desired. The Germans\nstill to a great extent retain the old black-letter type for native\nworks, which was universal over all the north of Europe in the early\nperiod of printing, and is not a _national_ type, as some persons seem\nto imagine. These letters being imitated from the manuscript characters\nof the fifteenth century, are essentially more indistinct than the Roman\ntype, and have for that reason been disused by the rest of Europe,\nHolland and Denmark not excepted. In England this antiquated mode of\nprinting was long retained for law-books, and, till a comparatively\nrecent date, for the statutes. The Anglo-Saxon letters are in like\nmanner nothing but a barbarous imitation of old manuscript characters,\nand have no real connexion with the Anglo-Saxon language. Their use\nought to be wholly abandoned (with the exception of those which are\nwanting in modern English). Roman numerals, likewise, as being less\nclear and concise than Arabic numerals, especially for large numbers,\nought to be discarded, except in cases where it is convenient to\ndistinguish the volume from the page, and the book from the chapter.\nEnglish lawyers, indeed, who in general have only occasion to cite the\nvolume and page, invariably make their quotations with Arabic figures,\nby prefixing the number of the volume, and subjoining the number of the\npage. Thus, if it were wished to refer to the 100th page of the second\nvolume of _Barnewall and Alderson's Reports_, they would write _2 B. &\nC. 100_. Roman numerals are still retained for the sections of the\nstatutes.\n\nAkin to the retention of antiquated forms of letters is the retention of\nantiquated orthography. Editors of works of the sixteenth and\nseventeenth centuries sometimes retain the spelling of the period, of\nwhich Evelyn's _Diary_ is an example; but this practise is unpleasant to\nthe modern reader, and sometimes, particularly in proper names,\nperplexes and misleads him. The modern editions of the classical writers\nof that period, such as Shakspeare, Bacon, Milton, Clarendon, &c., are\nvery properly reduced to the modern standard of orthography, as is done\nby Italian editors with the works of Dante, Boccaccio, &c. The attempt\nto introduce the native orthography of foreign proper names naturalised\nin English, is likewise unsuccessful, and merely offends the eye of the\nreader, without giving any real information. Mr. Lane and other\nOrientalists will never succeed in banishing such forms as _vizier_,\n_caliph_, _cadi_, &c., nor will even Mr. Grote's authority alter the\nspelling of the well-known Greek names. Names of ancient persons and\nplaces which are enshrined in the verses of Milton and other great\npoets, cannot be altered.\n\nThe old unmeaning practice of printing every noun substantive with a\ncapital letter (still retained in German) has been abandoned by every\nEnglish printer, except the printer of parliamentary papers for the\nHouse of Lords. Proper names used to be printed in italics; and\ngenerally, the use of italics was much greater than at present. In\nmodern reprints, these ancient flowers of typography ought to be\nremoved. The convenient edition of Hobbes' _Works_, for which we are\nindebted to Sir W. Molesworth, would be more agreeable to read if the\nitalics were less abundant.\n\nThe use of the folio and quarto size is now generally restricted to such\nbooks as could scarcely be printed in octavo, as dictionaries and\nsimilar books of reference. The parliamentary blue book, which long\nresisted the progress of octave civilization, is now beginning to shrink\ninto a more manageable size. With regard to separate volumes, the most\nconvenient practice is to consider them as a mere printer's division,\nwhich may vary in different editions; and to number them consecutively,\nwithout reference to their contents. The Germans have a very\ninconvenient practice of dividing a volume into parts, each of which is\na volume in the ordinary meaning of the word; so that a work consisting\nof nine volumes, for example, may be divided into four volumes, one of\nwhich consists of three parts, and the other three of two parts each.\nThe result is, that every reference must specify both the volume and the\npart: thus, Band II. Abtheilung III. S. 108. Frequently, too, this mode\nof numbering misleads the bookbinder, who (unless properly cautioned)\nnumbers the volumes in the ordinary manner.\n\nVolumes, as I have remarked, are merely a printer's division. Every\nliterary composition ought, however, to have an organic division of its\nown. The early Greeks seem indeed to have composed both their poems and\nprose works as one continuous discourse. The rhapsodies of Homer and the\nmuses of Herodotus were subsequent divisions introduced by editors and\ngrammarians. But literary experience pointed out the commodiousness of\nsuch breaks in a long work; and the books of the _\u00c6neid_ and of the\n_History of Livy_ were the divisions of the authors themselves. Since\nthe invention of printing, the books of the prose works of the classical\nwriters have been subdivided into chapters; while for the books of\npoems, as well as for the dramas, the verses have been numbered. The\nbooks of the Old and New Testament have likewise been portioned into\nchapters, and into a late typographical division of verses.\n\nIn making a division of his work, an author ought to number its parts\nconsecutively, without reference to volumes. The novels of Walter Scott\nare divided into chapters, the numbering of which is dependent on the\nvolume; so that it is impossible to quote them without referring to the\nedition, or to find a reference to them in any other edition than that\ncited. For the same reason, an author ought not to quote his own book in\nthe text by a reference to volumes.\n\nThe division most convenient for purposes of reference is that which\nrenders a quotation simple to note, and easy to verify. Divisions which\nrun through an entire work (such as the chapters of Gibbon's _History_)\nare easy to quote, and the quotation can be easily verified when the\nchapter is not long. The numbering of paragraphs in one series through\nan entire work, as in the French codes, in Cobbett's writings, and in\nthe state papers of the Indian government, is the simplest and most\neffectual division for purposes of reference. The Digest can now be\nreferred to by book, title, and paragraph; nevertheless the Germans\n(who, notwithstanding their vast experience in the work of quoting, seem\nto have a predilection for cumbrous and antiquated methods) still adhere\nto the old circuitous mode of quotation, against which Gibbon long ago\nraised his voice (_Decl. and Fall_, c. 44. n. 1.).\n\nSome works have been divided by their authors into chapters, but the\nchapters have been left unnumbered. Niebuhr's _Roman History_ is in this\nstate.\n\nThe internal division of a work by its author is not, however, merely\nfor purposes of reference. It may likewise be a _logical_ division; it\nmay follow the distribution of the subject, and assist the reader by\nvisibly separating its several parts. This process, however, may be\ncarried so far as to defeat its purpose (viz. perspicuity of\narrangement) by the intricacy of its divisions. Here again we must\nrecur for an example to the Germans, who sometimes make the compartments\nof their writings as numerous as a series of Chinese boxes all fitted\ninto each other. First, there is the part, then the book, then the\nchapter, then the section, then the article, and then the paragraph,\nwhich is itself subdivided into paragraphs with Roman numerals and\nArabic numerals; and these again are further subdivided into paragraphs\nwith Roman letters, and Greek letters, and sometimes Hebrew letters. To\nrefer to a work divided in this manner by any other means than the\nvolume and page, is a labour of as hopeless intricacy as it is to follow\nthe logical cascade down its successive platforms.\n\nIt is a considerable convenience where the book or chapter is marked at\nthe head or margin of the page; and in histories, or historical memoirs,\nchronological notation is very convenient.\n\nIn general no book (not being a book arranged in alphabetical order, as\na dictionary, encyclopedia, &c.) ought to be printed without a _table of\ncontents_. The trouble to the author of making a table of contents is\nvery small, and the expense to the publisher in printing it is in\ngeneral imperceptible. Modern English books rarely sin in this respect;\nforeign books, however, both French and German, are frequently wanting\nin a table of contents. The invaluable collection of the fragments of\nGreek historians lately published in Didot's Series--a work\nindispensable to every critical student of ancient history--has no table\nof contents, referring to the pages, prefixed to each volume. The _Poet\u00e6\nScenici Gr\u00e6ci_ of Dindorf is without a table of contents; and a similar\nwant is a serious drawback to the use of the cheap and portable edition\nof the Greek and Latin classics published by Tauchnitz at Leipsic.\n\nLastly, an _index_ adds materially to the value of every work which\ncontains numerous and miscellaneous facts. The preparation of a good\nindex is a laborious and sometimes costly task; the printing of it,\nmoreover, adds to the price of the book. Many of the indexes to the\nEnglish law-books are models of this species of labour; the indexes in\nthe Parliamentary Reports are likewise prepared with great care and\nintelligence. Even a meagre index, however, is better than no index at\nall; and where the publisher's means, and the demand for the book, do\nnot admit of the preparation of a copious index of subjects, an\nalphabetical list of names of persons and places would often be an\nacceptable present to the reader of an historical or scientific work.\n\n    L.\n\n\nCAXTON MEMORIAL.\n\nThe inquiries addressed to me by Mr. BOLTON CORNEY in your paper of the\n15th of November appear to amount to this:--Whether the whole or part of\nthe expense of his proposed volume will be defrayed out of the fund\nappropriated to the Caxton Memorial? To this question, so far as my own\ninformation extends, I can only give a negative reply. The Society of\nArts, in compliance with a request preferred to them by the subscribers\nat their last meeting, have accepted the charge of the Caxton Fund; and\nit is sufficient, for my present purpose, to state that negociations are\nnow in progress between the Council and the Dean and Chapter, for\nliberty to erect a suitable memorial within the precincts of Westminster\nto the memory of William Caxton. This is as it should be; the memorial,\nbe it what it may, statue, obelisk or fountain, or even a niche in a\nwall, should be substantial and enduring, calculated to remind the\npassing stranger that within the precincts of Westminster, William\nCaxton first exercised in England the art of printing. This circumstance\nforms one of those epochs in the history of civilisation which deserve\npublic commemoration; and any memorial of Caxton should be placed as\nnear as possible to the scene of his literary labours.\n\nMr. BOLTON CORNEY says, that I seem to regard his project with somewhat\nless of disfavour. Now I do not wish to be misunderstood. As a\nsubstitute for the Caxton Memorial, originally proposed at the great\nmeeting over which the Earl of Carlisle presided, I am disposed to\nreject it altogether, for reasons which I have already stated in your\ncolumns. But as a literary undertaking I am willing to give it a fair\nconsideration upon its own merits. The apothegm that a man's best\nmonument consists in his own works, is capable of considerable\nmodification from the nature of the works themselves. In the case before\nus, I believe the interest felt by the public in the works of Caxton to\nbe too limited to justify the republication of his collected works. The\nproposal which Mr. CORNEY makes for a selection from those works, with a\nnew life of the author, and a glossary, the latter proving how much they\nare out of date, is much more feasible than his original plan. There is\na Caxton Society which has already issued several publications, and\nwhose usefulness would be materially increased by such a publication as\nthat suggested by Mr. CORNEY, if the Society to which he alludes (the\nCamden, I presume) should not be disposed to undertake it. The true\nobject of these and similar societies is the production of books of\ninterest and value, which are not sufficiently popular to justify a\nbookseller, or an individual, in incurring the pecuniary risk of their\nseparate publication. Mr. CORNEY's literary memorial of Caxton appears\nto me to come under this head, and as such might be properly undertaken\nby any of the clubs or societies formed for the cultivation of early\nEnglish literature. He might perhaps more easily attain the object of\nhis wishes in this manner than by that which he has hitherto pursued.\nWhen a selection is to be made from the works of any author, much will\ndepend upon the taste and discretion of the editor. Now I gather from\nMr. CORNEY's letter, that he is fully prepared to undertake that office\nhimself; and I may be permitted to add that his scrupulous accuracy and\nunwearied diligence afford the best guarantee that the work will be\nexecuted in such a manner as to fully satisfy the public interest in\nCaxton, and to form a graceful and appropriate tribute to the\nillustrious father of the English press.\n\n    BERIAH BOTFIELD.\n\n  Norton Hall, Jan. 3. 1852.\n\n\nSETTLE'S FEMALE PRELATE, OR POPE JOAN; A TRAGEDY.\n\nI have not seen it anywhere noticed that this play, printed under\nElkanah Settle's name, with a long dedication by him to the Earl of\nShaftsbury, in 1680, 4to., was certainly a mere alteration of an old\nplay on the same subject. It is impossible for any one to read many\npages of it, without seeing everywhere traces of a much more powerful\nhand than \"poor Elkanah's,\" although he needed no assistance in managing\nthe ceremony of pope-burning. Take at random the following quotation,\nwhich is much more like Middleton's or Decker's than the debased style\nafter the Restoration:\n\n      \"_Saxony._ And art thou then in earnest?\n      Come, prithee, speak: I was to blame to chide thee;\n      Be not afraid; speak but the fatal truth,\n      And by my hopes of heav'n I will forgive thee.\n      Out with it, come; now wouldst thou tell me all,\n      But art ashamed to own thyself a bawd:\n      'Las, that might be thy father's fault, not thine.\n      Perhaps some honest humble cottage bred thee,\n      And thy ambitious parents, poorly proud,\n      For a gay coat made thee a page at court,\n      And for a plume of feathers sold thy soul;\n      But 'tis not yet, not yet too late to save it.\n\n      _Amir._ Oh, my sad heart!\n\n      _Sax._ Come, prithee, speak; let but\n      A true confession plead thy penitence,\n      And Heaven will then forgive thee as I do.\n\n      _Amir._ But, Sir, can you resolve to lend an ear\n      To sounds so terrible, so full of fate,\n      As will not only act a single tragedy,\n      But even disjoint all Nature's harmony,\n      And quite untune the world? for such, such are\n      The notes that I must breathe.\n\n      _Sax._ Oh, my dear murderer,\n      Breathe 'em as cheerfully as the soaring lark\n      Wakes the gay morn. Those dear sweet airs that kill me\n      Are my new nuptial songs. My Angeline\n      Has been my first, and Death's my second bride.\"\n\n      _Fem. Prel._ p. 58.\n\nOr the following:\n\n      \"_Sax._ Carlo, she must die;\n      The softest heart that yon celestial fire\n      Could ever animate, must break and die.\n      We are both too wretched to outlive this day;\n      And I but send thee as her executioner.\n\n      _Carlo._ I flie to obey you, Sir.\n\n      _Sax._ Stay, Carlo, stay;\n      Why all this haste to murder so much innocence?\n      Yet, thou must go. And since thy tongue must kill\n      The brightest form th' enamoured stars can e'er\n      Receive, or the impoverisht world can lose.\n      Go, Carlo, go; but prithee wound her soul\n      As gently as thou canst; and when thou seest\n      A flowing shower from her twin-orbs of light\n      All drown the faded roses of her cheeks;\n      When thou beholdst, 'midst her distracted groans,\n      Her furious hand, that feeble, fair revenger,\n      Rend all the mangled beauties of her face.\n      Tear her bright locks, and their dishevell'd pride\n      On her pale neck, that ravisht whiteness, fall;\n      Guard, guard thy eyes: for, Carlo, 'tis a sight\n      Will strike spectators dead.\"--_Fem. Prel._ p. 61.\n\nIn the _Biog. Dram._ (vol. iii. p. 237.), it is stated that the same\nplay, with the same title, was printed in 4to., 1689, except that it was\nthere said to be written by a person of quality. The play is, however,\nclaimed by Settle in his dedication to Lord Shaftsbury, prefixed to the\nedition of 1680, now before me. I do not, however, believe he had more\nto do with it than in adapting it, as he did _Philastes_, for\nrepresentation. The only question seems to be by whom the original play\nwas written? This I will not at present attempt to decide, though I\nentertain a strong opinion on the subject, but will leave it to be\nresolved by the critical acumen of your readers.\n\n    JAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n\nHISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.\n\n(_Eustache le Noble._)\n\nHaving been favoured by Mr. Gancia, of 73. King's Road, Brighton, with\nan opportunity of examining the following work, I venture to send you a\nnotice of its contents, with some account of the author. Such books\nhave, I conceive, their utility to historians and historical readers. We\ngain through them an accurate idea of party spirit, are brought into\nmore immediate communion with the opinions of the times to which they\nrefer, and can thus trace more closely the means by which parties\nworked, were consolidated, and advanced their schemes. Even from their\npersonalities, we gain some gleams of truth. In this case, I am assured\nthat perfect copies of the work are _very scarce_. I cannot find that\nany other copy has recently been offered for sale. This appeared to me\nan additional reason for submitting a notice of it to your readers.\n\n  LE PIERRE DE TOUCHE POLITIQUE, OU PASQUINADES. By Eustache le\n  Noble. Rome (Paris), Octobre, 1688; Novembre, 1691. 5 vols. 12mo.\n\nEach of the twenty-eight pieces which compose the work should have an\nengraved title, and a separate pagination. The place of publication is\nfictitious, and in general satirical. The first volume has a portrait.\n\nThe following is a collation from what is understood to form a perfect\ncopy:\n\n  \"Tome 1. Rome, chez Francophile Al\u00e9tophile. Octobre, 1691.\n\n      Le Cibisme, Le Songe de Pasquin.\n      Londres, Jean Benn, 1689.\n\n      Le Couronnement de Guillemot et de la Reine Guillemette,\n      avec le Sermon du grand Docteur Burnet.\n      Londres, 1689.\n\n      Le Festin de Guillemot, 1689.\n\n      La Chambre des Comptes d'Innocent XI.\n      Rome, F. Al\u00e9tophile, 1689, with portrait.\n\n  \"'These five dialogues have for interlocutors Pasquin and\n  Marforio, under which names the dialogues are sometimes\n  introduced, as also under the title of Pasquinades.' (Qu\u00e9rard,\n  art. _Le Noble._)\n\n  \"Tome 2. Title (no engraved title). Janvier, 1690.\n\n      Janvier.   La Biblioth\u00e8que du Roi Guillemot.\n                 Londres, Jean Benn, 1690.\n\n      F\u00e9vrier.   La Fable du Renard.\n                 Leyde, 1690.\n\n      Mars.      La Di\u00e8te d'Augsbourg.\n                 Vienne, Peter Hansgood, 1690.\n\n      Avril.     La Lotterie de Pasquin.\n                 Basle, Eugene Tyrannomostix, 1690.\n\n      Mai.       L'Ombre de Monmouth.\n                 Oxford, _James Good King_, 1690.\n\n      Juin.      Les Medaillez.\n                 Amsterdam, Eugene Philolethe, 1690.\n\n  \"Tome 3.  Title.\n\n      Juillet.   La Clef du Cabinet de Neufbourg.\n                 Heidelberg, Neopolo Palatino, 1690.\n\n      Ao\u00fbt.      Le Triomphe.\n                 Fleuruz, chez Valdekin Bienbattu, 1690.\n\n      Septembre. Les Ombres de Schomberg et de Lorraine.\n                 Dublin, chez Le Vieux, Belle Montaigne.\n\n      Octobre.   La Lanterne de Diog\u00e8ne.\n                 Whitehall, chez La Veuve Guillemot. 1690.\n\n      Novembre.  Les Mercures, ou la Tabati\u00e8re des Etats d'Hollande.\n                 Hermstadt, chez Emeric Hospodar, 1690.\n\n      D\u00e9cembre.  Le Roy des Fleurs.\n                 A Bride, chez Leopol la Dupe.\n\n  \"Tome 4. Title.\n\n      Janvier.   Les Estrennes d'Esope ('burnt at Amsterdam, by the\n                 hand of the hangman, by order of the States-General.\n                 The dialogue had its origin, probably, in the\n                 proscription of the History of the Republic of Holland\n                 by the same author, which was seized wherever it was\n                 found.'--_Peignot._).\n                 Bruxelles, chez Jean Gobbin, 1691.\n\n      F\u00e9vrier.   L'Ombre du Duc d'Albe, with illustration.\n                 Anvers, Antoine Maugouverne, 1691.\n\n      Mars.      Le Carnaval de la Haye, with illustration.\n                 A la Haye, chez Guillaume l'Emballeur, 1691.\n\n      Avril.     Le Tabouret des Electeurs, with illustration.\n                 Honslar d\u00fck, Guillemin Tabouret, 1691.\n\n      Mai.       Le Reveille Matin des Alliez, with illustration.\n                 A Monts, Guillaume le Chasseur, 1691.\n\n      Juin.      Les Lunettes pour le Quinze Vingts.\n                 Turin, Jean sans Terre, 1691.\n\n  \"Tome 5. Title.\n\n      Juillet.   Nostradamus, ou les Oracles, with illustration.\n                 A Liege, Lambert Bonnefoi, 1691.\n\n                 La Fable du Baudet Extraordinaire, with illustration.\n                 A Asni\u00e8res, chez Jean le Singe, 1691.\n\n      Ao\u00fbt.      L'Anneau des Giges, with illustration.\n                 A Venise, Penetrante Penetranti, 1691.\n\n      Septembre. L'Avortement, with illustration.\n                 Gerpines, chez Guillaume Desloge sur le Quai des\n                 Morfondus au Pistolet qui prend un Rat, 1691.\n\n      Octobre.   Le Jean de Retour, with illustration.\n                 A Loo, chez Guillaume Pie de Nez, rue Perdue au Bien\n                 Revenu, 1691.\n\n      Novembre.  Le Proth\u00e9e, with illustration.\n                 Chez Pedre l'Endormy, 1691.\"\n\nEustache le Noble, Baron of St. George and of Teneli\u00e8re, the author of\nthis work, was born at Troyes in 1643, of a good and ancient family. His\nnatural abilities and attainments, combined with political influence,\nreadily obtained for him, at an early age, the post of Procureur-G\u00e9n\u00e9ral\nto the Parliament at Metz. But a dissolute life soon brought on its\nconsequent evils--duties neglected and discreditable debts--and he was\ncompelled to sell his appointment. The proceeds were insufficient, and\nhe had recourse to forgery to satisfy his creditors. To be successful in\nsuch a case, more than ability is required. Le Noble was suspected,\narrested, confined in the Ch\u00e2telet, and condemned to nine years'\nimprisonment. Upon his appeal, he was removed to the Conciergerie, a\nplace destined to become another scene in his life of uniform villainy.\nGabrielle Perreau, known under the name of \"La Belle Epici\u00e8re,\" was\nconfined here at the instigation of her husband, who indulged in the\nhope of thus reforming her disorderly conduct. But a prison is hardly a\nschool of reformation, and La Belle Epici\u00e8re and Le Noble were not\ncharacters to receive, even in monastic seclusion, any such impression.\nHe won her affections, or the mastery over her passions: the husband,\nfrantic with jealous rage, obtained for himself the satisfaction of\nimmuring her in a convent of his own selection. From this she escaped,\nand joined Le Noble, who had similarly evaded the vigilance of his\nkeepers. By living in the vilest and least frequented quarters of Paris,\nby disguises, false names, and constant changes of residence, they\nsucceeded in baffling the pursuit of the police for three years, when Le\nNoble was accidentally discovered; the judgment of the Ch\u00e2telet was\nconfirmed, and he was reconducted to prison. It was then that his great\nresources were displayed. He retained his gaiety, and assured his\nfriends he still enjoyed \"une parfaite tranquillit\u00e9 d'esprit,\nins\u00e9parable de l'innocence!\" A man of this kind, with a venal and\ncapacious intellect, and a heart utterly unconscious of the slightest\nmoral feeling, could not with advantage be suffered to remain\nunemployed. There was work to be done for James II., and the hireling\nwas worthy of his hire. It was simply to lie and libel with ability,\nwith caution, with the appearance of loyalty, and an ardent zeal for\nreligion. Le Noble was equal to the task. He had written histories burnt\nby the hangman; Bayle had praised him for his skill in judicial\nastrology; he had composed treatises on money, and on Catholic doctrine;\ncompiled historical romances, and translated the Psalms of David! In\npoetry he had attempted to rival La Fontaine; written the Eulogy of the\nRevocation of the Edict of Nantes, and translated Persius,--substituting\nFrench customs for the Roman, and praising, or censuring, his\ncontemporaries as though he were the Roman poet and not the Paris\nscribe! An ability so various was at least well paid. He received from\nthe booksellers, and others by whom he was retained, a hundred pistoles\na month; Peignot states, in all, about one hundred thousand crowns.\nThere cannot be the least doubt this was but a portion of his earnings,\nor that the work I have described was not written for the Jacobite\ninterest of James II. But no success in such characters is ever\naccompanied with prudence. Although the penalty of banishment from\nFrance was suspended, that his venal abilities might assist the designs\nof others, he was always living between luxury and the direst want. As\nhe advanced in years, he was less useful, and was consequently driven\nfrom doors where he had formerly been welcomed. D'Argenson allowed him a\nlouis-d'or for charity per week; but all other resources failed, until,\nin his sixty-eighth year, after a long period of misery, and of the\nuttermost mental and bodily degradation, he died on the 31st January,\n1711, and was buried at the communal expense. It cannot be denied that\nLe Noble united many pleasing qualities as a writer. He had read much,\ncould condense ably, and united to a strong memory a rare facility in\nemploying its resources. He touched with light ridicule the weaker\npoints of a case, and could wield both reason, sarcasm and polished\ninuenda in misstating facts, or damaging the argument of his\nadversaries. Such a man was well adapted to the French advisers of\nJames. Public attention was to be engaged and won by falsehoods in the\ndisguise of truth; bad designs were to be cloaked under moral purposes;\nand the revolution was to be discredited in the name of loyalty and\nreligion. All this Le Noble did with infinite ability, and infinite\nobliquity. I can give but a slight sketch of his work. The _Couronnement\nde Guillemot_ is a violent tirade against William. Marforio and Pasquin\nconverse about his coronation, and the king is described as one \"qui\nvouloit estre le bourreau du Prince de Galles.\" Churchill is \"l'infame\ncombl\u00e9 de tant de bienfaitz par son bon ma\u00eetre, et qui l'a vendu, trahi\net livr\u00e9.\" In the decorations of the abbey, consisting of tapestry, &c.,\nthere is stated to be a representation of Pilate placing Jesus Christ\nand Barabbas before the people, and the choice of Barabbas by the\nlatter; James occupying, in Le Noble's opinion, the place of the former.\nThe people he describes as preferring even \"ce voleur public, ce\nsc\u00e9l\u00e9rat, ce s\u00e9ditieux de Barabbas, ce meurtrier qui a poignard\u00e9 les\n_Withs_ (Witts), \u00e0 cet aimable maistre qui n'a jamais eu pour eux que de\nla douceur et de la bont\u00e9.\" The _Sermon du grand Docteur Burnet_ is very\nclever, light, pungent, and satirical, especially against the king: the\ntext being \"Dominus regnavit, exultet terr\u00e6, l\u00e6tentur insul\u00e6.\" In the\n_L'Ombre de Monmouth_, William is described as wishing to be \"le singe\ndu glorieux Cromwell;\" Portland, Shrewsbury, Burnet, and Dykvelt, are\n\"ses quatre Evang\u00e9listes;\" and the king is made to utter violent\ncomplaints against the Parliament, which he calls \"une \u00e9trange beste,\"\nand adds: \"Si je n'avois pas cass\u00e9 celui que j'ai rompu pour en\nconvoquer un autre, toutes mes affaires s'en alloient sens dessus\ndessous.\" In the _Estrennes d'Esope_, which was burnt by order of the\nStates-General, there is the following description of England:\n\n  \"L'Angleterre sous son Roi l\u00e9gitime et ne lui donnant qu'avec\n  epargne comme elle faisoit le n\u00e9cessaire pour son entretien,\n  estoit justement comme ces sages et vertueuses femmes qui, fid\u00e8les\n  \u00e0 leurs \u00e9poux, gouvernen avec un prudent \u00e9conomie leur m\u00e9nage\n  regl\u00e9, et cette mesme Angleterre, qui s'\u00e9puise pour satisfaire \u00e0\n  l'avidit\u00e9 d'un tyran, est aujourd'hui comme une de ces infames\n  debauch\u00e9es qui, emport\u00e9e de fureur pour une adult\u00e8re qui l'enl\u00e8ve\n  \u00e0 son mari, lui fait une profusion criminelle de son bien.\"\n\nIn illustrations such as these, Le Noble was most happy, as with the\nvice he was most familiar. The length of this paper precludes my sending\nto you a pasquinade, in the epitaph written for Innocent XI., which,\nconsidering its purport, is of value as indicating the opinions of the\nJacobites against the policy of the Pope. This I will do in another\npaper.\n\n    S. H.\n\n\nCALAMITIES OF AUTHORS.\n\nThe miseries and disappointments of the literary life are proverbial:\n\n  \"Toil, envy, want, the patron and the gaol.\"\n\nTo these \"calamities of authors,\" I wish to add a new, and as yet\nunrecorded trial, incidental to this age of cheap postage and\nextravagant puffs. I am myself _a small author_, and have written on\ntheology and antiquarianism; and my publisher's shelves know the weight\nof my labours. Conceive then my delight, a few weeks ago, at receiving a\n\"confidential\" letter from B. D., requesting the immediate transmission\nof my theological tomes to a country address; on the representation\nthat, although B. D. well knew that my writings had been favourably\nreceived, he judged that \"striking recommendations at this moment in\ninfluential journals to which he had reviewing access during the\nparliamentary recess, would prove of essential service.\" I wrote to my\npublisher, who coolly answered that it was \"no go;\" and I even stood the\ntempting shock of a second application from B. D., remonstratively\nhinting that, but for the non-arrival of the volumes, a notice would\nhave appeared that very week in an \"important quarter.\" The hopeful mind\nhas difficulty in settling down into a belief that men deceive.\n\nNot a month had elapsed before I received another letter, sealed with\nsuch a signet as in size would rival the jewel sometimes seen pendent\nfrom the waistcoat pocket of a Jew broker on Saturday, and engraven with\nevidence of illustrious lineage, if quarterings be only half true. I did\nnot break this magnificent seal, but I tore open the envelope, and I\nfound that my antiquarian researches had been most flatteringly\nestimated by a gentleman with a double surname, which happened to be\nfamiliar to me. The communication was, of course, \"private;\" and it\nexpressed the writer's knowledge, from hearsay, of the \"value, merit,\nand ability\" of my book, and the satisfaction it would afford my\ncorrespondent, to give it a \"handsome an elaborate review in both the\nwidely circulating and reviewing publications with which he had the\nhonour of being connected.\" A copy of my work was to be sent to his own\naddress, or to that of his bookseller: or, even a third course was\nobligingly opened to me--\"he would send his man-servant to my publisher\nfor the volume!\" I sent the book, and the same day communicated with the\nhead of the family who legally bore this very handsome name used by my\ncorrespondent, and he told me that he had just received 5_l._ worth of\nbooks from a great house in \"the Row,\" which were obviously designed to\nbe the response to an application from the gentleman with a large seal,\nwho was \"an impostor.\" This may be so; but I have received an\nacknowledgement for the receipt of my little work, so kind and courtly\nin its tone, that I do not even yet quite despair of one day reading the\npromised \"handsome and elaborate review.\"\n\n    A SMALL AUTHOR.\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Valentine's Day--Superstition in Devonshire._--The peasants and others\nbelieve that if they go to the porch of a church, waiting there till\nhalf-past twelve o'clock on the eve of St. Valentine's day, with some\nhempseed in his or her hand, and at the time above-named then proceed\nhomewards, scattering the seed on either side, repeating these lines--\n\n      \"Hempseed I sow, hempseed I mow,\n      She (or he) that will my true love be,\n      Come rake this hempseed after me;\"--\n\nhis or her true love will be seen behind, raking up the seed just sown,\nin a winding-sheet. Do any of your readers know the origin of this\nsuperstitious custom?\n\n    J. S. A.\n\n  Old Broad Street.\n\n_Fairies._--An Irish servant of mine, a native of Galway, gave me the\nfollowing relations:--Her father was a blacksmith and for his many acts\nof benevolence to benighted travellers became a great favourite with the\nfairies, who paid him many visits. It was customary for the fairies to\nvisit his forge at night, after the family had retired to rest, and here\ngo to work in such right good earnest, as to complete, on all occasions,\nthe work which had been left overnight unfinished. The family were on\nthese occasions awoke from their slumber by the vigorous puffing of\nbellows, and hammering on anvil, consequent upon these illustrious\nhabits of the fairies, and it was an invariable rule for the fairies to\nreplace all the tools they had used during the night; and, moreover, if\nthe smithy had been left in confusion the previous evening, the \"good\npeople\" always arranged it, swept the floor, and restored everything to\norder before the morning. I never could glean from her any detailed\ninstances of the labour accomplished in this way, or indeed anything\nwhich might aid in the formation of an estimate of the relative skill of\nthe fairies in manual labour; and I must confess that on these subjects\nI never question too closely,--the reader will know why.\n\nOn one occasion, one of the family happening to be unwell, the father\nwent back to the smithy at midnight for some medicine which had been\nleft there on the shelf, and put the \"good people\" to flight, just as\nthey had begun their industrial orgies. To disturb the fairies is at any\ntime a perilous thing; and so it proved to him: for a fat pig died the\nfollowing day, little Tike had the measles, too, after, and no end of\nmisfortunes followed. In addition to this occult revenge, the inmates of\nthe house were kept awake for several nights by a noise similar to that\nwhich would be produced by peas being pelted at the windows. The\nstatement was made with an earnestness of manner which betrayed a faith\nwithout scruples.\n\n    SHIRLEY HIBBERD.\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Lines in Whispering Gallery at Gloucester Cathedral._--The following\nverse is inscribed in the Whispering Gallery of Gloucester Cathedral; to\npreserve it, and as a \"Note\" to the fourth stanza of the \"Ditty\" I\ninserted in Vol iv., p. 311., I copied it for \"N. & Q.\"\n\n      \"Doubt not but God who sits on high,\n        Thy secret prayers can hear;\n      When a dead wall thus cunningly\n        Conveys soft whispers to the ear.\"\n\n    H. G. D.\n\n_Definition of Thunder._--The following singular definition of _thunder_\noccurs in Bailey's _Dictionary_, vol. i. 17th edit., 1759:--\n\n  \"Thunder [Dunder, Sax. &c.], a noise known by persons not deaf.\"\n\nIn Bailey's 2nd vol. 2nd edition, 1731 (twenty-eight years previous to\nthe edition of vol. i. above cited), the word is much more\nscientifically treated.\n\n    CRANMORE.\n\n_Greek Epigram by an uncertain Author._--\n\n      \u0395\u1f34 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u1f74 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2\u00b7 \u03b5\u1f30 \u03b4\u03ad \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2,\n      \u03a4\u03cc\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b7\u03c2, \u1f45\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u1ff6.\n\n      _Imitated._\n\n      \"Shouldst thou, O Daphne! for my sake,\n        An equal pain endure,\n      A sense of gratitude will make\n        The bond of love secure.\n\n      But shouldst thou, reckless of my fate,\n        Unkind and cruel prove,\n      Sweet maid, thou'lt never learn to hate\n        So truly as I love.\"\n\n    N. N.\n\n\n\n\nQueries.\n\n\nBURNING OF THE JESUITICAL BOOKS AT PARIS.\n\nThe Quarterly Reviewer who endeavours in the number just published to\nestablish the claim of Thomas Lord Lyttelton to the authorship of\nJunius, instances the following coincidence in support of his theory:--\n\n  \"Junius tells us directly, 'I remember seeing Busenbaum, Suarez,\n  Molina, and a score of other Jesuitical books, burnt at Paris, for\n  their sound casuistry by the hands of the common hangman.' _We may\n  assume_ that this took place in 1764, as it was in that year that\n  Choiseul suppressed the Jesuits. Thomas Lyttelton was on the\n  continent during the whole of 1764, and for part of that time\n  resided at Paris.\"[1]\n\n  [Footnote 1: [The burning of the books referred to by BIFRONS not\n  Junius (unless it be proved that JUNIUS and BIFRONS are one, which\n  is not yet universally admitted), took place on 7th August, 1761.\n  See a very curious note on the subject in Bohn's recently\n  published edition of _Junius_, vol. ii. pp. 175-6.--ED. \"N. &\n  Q.\"]]\n\nBut the orders of the parliament of Paris against the Jesuits, one of\nwhich condemned some thirty of their books to be burnt, were issued\nthree years before the suppression of their order in France, viz., in\nthe early part and summer of 1761. That Thomas Lyttelton could then have\nbeen in Paris is highly improbable; he was only seventeen, and it was a\ntime of war. Will any one take the trouble to ascertain where Francis\nwas? I believe he was appointed secretary to the Portuguese embassy in\n1760, and returned to London in 1763.\n\n    H. MERIVALE.\n\n\nGRANTHAM ALTAR CASE.\n\nAn old book now lies before me, intituled _England's Reformation from\nthe time of King Henry VIII. to the end of Oates's Plot, a Poem in four\nCantos, with large Marginal Notes according to the Original. By Thomas\nWard. London: Printed for W. B. and sold by Thomas Bickerton, in Little\nBritain._ 1716.\n\nIn Canto IV., and beginning at p. 353., there is an account of a brawl\nin the parish church of Grantham, anno 1627, arising, as appears by a\nmarginal note, out of circumstances connected with the \"removal of the\nCommunion table from the upper part of the quire to the altar place.\" A\nmaster alderman Wheatley, assisted by \"an innkeeper fat as brawn,\" and\n\"a bow-legged tailor that was there,\" appears to have taken an active\npart in the scuffle which ensued upon the vicar's persisting in his\ndetermination. The alderman and his mob seem to have been triumphant on\nthis occasion, for we read, p. 356.:\n\n      \"The alderman, by help of rabble,\n      Brought from the wall communion table;\n      Below the steps he plac'd it, where\n      It stood before, in midst of quire.\"\n\nA pamphlet war followed; for there was immediately _A Letter to the\nVicar of Grantham about setting his Table altarwise_. In answer to this\ncame _A Coal from the Altar_; which was in its turn assailed by _The\nQuench Coal out_, and _The Holy Table, Name and Thing_ (said to have\nbeen written by Williams, Bishop of Lincoln.) A Dr. Pocklington (who was\nhe?) espoused the side of the Altar party, and published his _Altare\nChristianum_. During this literary contest the vicar appears to have\ndied, and, some twelve months after his death, out comes _The Dead\nVicar's Plea_.\n\nThe affair seems to have created what we should now call a great\nsensation in the \"religious world:\" for, says our author:\n\n      \"Scarce was a pen but what has try'd,\n      And books flew out on every side,\n      Till ev'ry fop set up for wit,\n      And Laud, and Hall and Heylin writ,\n      And so did White and Montague,\n      And Shelford, Cousins, Watts, and Dow,\n      Lawrence and Forbis, and a crew\n      Whose names would\"----\n\nMaster Ward did not like these men, and therefore I omit his rather\nuncharitable conclusion.\n\nIs there any record left of the notable quarrel, which appears to have\nengaged the attention and pens of some of the learned men of the age?\nPerhaps some of your correspondents at Grantham could throw some light\nupon this question.\n\n    L. L. L.\n\n  Kirton-in-Lindsey.\n\n  [This celebrated altar controversy occurred during the reign of\n  Charles I., and its origin will be found in Clarendon's _History\n  of the Rebellion_. The Puritans contended that the proper place\n  for the table, when the eucharist was administered, was in the\n  body of the church before the chancel door, and to be placed\n  _tablewise_, and not _altarwise;_ that is, that one of the _ends_\n  of the table was to be placed towards the east, so that one of the\n  larger sides might be to the north, the priest being directed to\n  stand at the north side, and not at the north _end_ of the table.\n  The Church party, on the contrary, contended that as the\n  Injunctions ordered that the table should stand where the altar\n  used to stand, it should consequently be placed as the altar was.\n  This matter was the source of much violent contention, and tracts\n  were published neither remarkable for courtesy of language nor for\n  accurate statements of facts. It appears to have originated in a\n  dispute between Mr. Titly, the Vicar of Grantham, and his\n  parishioners, respecting the proper place for the table. The vicar\n  insisted that it ought to stand at the upper end of the chancel,\n  against the east wall. Some of the parishioners contended that it\n  should stand in the body of the church. The vicar removed it from\n  that situation, and placed it in the chancel. The alderman of the\n  borough and others replaced it in its former situation, when a\n  formal complaint was made to the bishop (Williams). In 1627 the\n  bishop published his judgment on the question, in _A Letter to the\n  Vicar of Grantham_. The visitation of 1634 tempted Peter Heylyn to\n  republish this _Letter_, together with an answer under the title\n  of _A Coal from the Altar_, &c. Williams replied in 1637 by a\n  treatise entitled _The Holy Table, Name and Thing, more anciently\n  and literally used under the New Testament than that of Altar_.\n  Heylyn rejoined by his _Antidotum Lincolniense; or an Answer to a\n  Book entitled \"The Holy Altar, Name and Thing,\" &c._ The bishop\n  was preparing for his further vindication, when he was prevented\n  by his troubles in the Star Chamber, in consequence of which his\n  library was seized. \"And how,\" says Hacket, \"could he fight\n  without his arms? or, how could the bell ring when they had stolen\n  away the clapper?\" During the controversy Dr. Pocklington,\n  Chaplain in Ordinary to the King, published his _Altare\n  Christianum; or, the Dead Vicar's Plea, wherein the Vicar of\n  Grantham being dead yet speaketh, and pleadeth out of Antiquity\n  against him that hath broken down his Altar_, 4to. 1637. The best\n  historical notice of this controversy is given in Hacket's _Life\n  of Archbishop Williams_, pt. ii. pp. 99-109., and was particularly\n  referred to by the counsel on the Cambridge stone altar case,\n  1844-1845, as well as by Sir Herbert Jenner Fust in his judgment\n  on it.]\n\n\nMEANING OF GROOM.\n\nIn investigating the descent of two Devonshire families, I save met with\nfour instances of persons designating themselves as _groom_. They were\ncertainly well connected, and in fortune apparently much above the class\nof people who accept the care of horses in this present day.\n\nIf they were grooms of horses, society was in a very different state\nfrom that in which it is at the present day; if they were not such\ngrooms, what then were they? I believe they were unmarried persons.\nFirst, there is Samuel Weeks, of South Tawton, groom; will proved in the\nArchdeacon of Exeter's Court, 1639. His father was Richard Weeks, styled\ngentleman in the parish register; and Samuel Weeks signs his name in a\npeculiarly fine Italian hand, that I do not remember to have seen in any\ninstance of that time except in that of a thorough gentleman.\n\nFrancis Kingwell, of Crediton, groom. His will was proved in the\nBishop's Court in 1639; his sister married a Richard Hole, of South\nTawton, yeoman of substance; her second husband was John Weeks, of South\nTawton, gentleman, and his sons were gentlemen. These Weekses were, I\ndoubt not, nearly related to the Wykes or Weeks, of North Wyke, in the\nsame parish, a family of great antiquity.\n\nThirdly, here is John Hole, of South Tawton, groom, 1640. His inventory\nis 180_l._, of which 4_l._ was for his clothes, whereas a gentleman in\none case in this neighbourhood has his clothes valued at ten shillings;\nKingwell's inventory was the same.\n\nRobert Hole, of Zeal Monachorum, groom, is the fourth instance. His will\nwas proved at Westminster in 1654; he was the son of a wealthy yeoman,\nand his brother, Thomas Hole, was a gentleman.\n\nI trouble you that I may learn, through your kindness, whether _groom_,\nin these instances, was used with the meaning which we attach to it; or\nat that time, or in the English language, or the vernacular tongue of\ncentral Devonshire, meant anything else.\n\n    E. DAVIS PROTHEROE.\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Gregentius and the Jews in Arabia Felix._--\n\n  \"We have a remarkable instance to this purpose in ecclesiastical\n  history, which is attested by many and great authors. It seems,\n  about 400 years after our Saviour's ascension, one Gregentius, a\n  bishop, endeavoured the conversion of those Jews which lived in\n  Arabia Felix. After a tedious disputation of three days'\n  continuance some of the Jews desired the bishop to show them Jesus\n  alive, and it would convince them. Immediately upon this the earth\n  began to tremble, and the sky to shine and echo with lightnings\n  and thunder. After these ceased, the gates of the celestial palace\n  opened, and a bright serene cloud appeared, darting forth beams of\n  an extraordinary lustre. At last our blessed Saviour showed\n  himself walking on this bright cloud, and a voice was heard from\n  this excellent glory saying, 'I am He who was crucified by your\n  fathers.' This glorious appearance cast all the Jews prostrate on\n  the ground, and, beating their breasts, they cried with a loud\n  voice, 'Lord have mercy on us!' and afterwards were baptised into\n  the faith of Christ.\"--_Sermons_ by John March, B.D., late Vicar\n  of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 2nd ed. 1699, p. 235.\n\nWho are the \"many and great authors\" who have attested this\nextraordinary apparition?\n\n    E. H. A.\n\n_King Street Theatre._--Among a large collection of medallic tickets of\nadmission to theatres, I am unable to fix the precise attribution of the\nfollowing:\n\nOb.: A group of dramatic emblems, mask, sword, mirror, scourge, and a\nlegend:\n\n  \"Spectas et tu spectabere. King Street Theatre.\"\n\nRev.:\n\n  \"Admit Mr. Cooper, or bearer, to any part of the house before the\n  curtain.\"\n\nThe ticket is of silver, and is evidently of the time of Garrick; it\ncannot therefore apply to the theatre in King Street, St. James's, which\nis of recent erection; nor am I aware of any other King Street in London\nwhich contained a theatre. Its situation will most probably be found in\nsome provincial town.\n\nIf any of your obliging correspondents could furnish information as to\nits locality, they would confer a favour on the writer.\n\n    B. N.\n\n_Lesteras and Emencin._--In an old MS. I meet with the following\nwords:--\n\n  \"One (a pillar) was made of _Lefteras_ (I do not know whether the\n  third letter is an _s_ or an _f_ in the original) which would not\n  burn.\"\n\n  \"After they came to the land of _Emencin_, which is the country of\n  Jerusalem.\"\n\nCan any of your readers give me any information as to either of the\nwords _Lesteras_ or _Emencin_?\n\n    O. OGLE.\n\n  Oxford.\n\n_Epigram on Franklin and Wedderburn._--Will any of your correspondents\nacquaint me with the name of the author of the following lines, written\nshortly after Dr. Franklin's attendance at the Privy Council in January,\n1774, in allusion to Wedderburn's severe remarks upon him?--\n\n      \"Sarcastic Sawney, full of spite and hate,\n      On modest Franklin poured his venal prate;\n      The calm philosopher without reply\n      Withdrew--and gave his country liberty.\"\n\nThe lines were repeated to me by the late Francis Maseres, Esq.,\nCursitor Baron of the Court of Exchequer.\n\n    W. S.\n\n  Richmond, Surrey.\n\n_Plenius and his Lyrichord._--May I hope to ascertain, through the\nmedium of your journal, where to look for information on the subject of\nthe \"lyrichord of Plenius,\" referred to in Rees' _Encyclop\u00e6dia_, art.\n\"Basse Fondamentale,\" as having been \"tuned by weights instead of\ntension?\" The point left in doubt by this, is whether a single weight\nwas substituted for tension, or whether the different notes in the\nmusical scale were produced by altering the weight according to the\nrules for that purpose.\n\nWas Plenius an ancient, a Middle-Age man, or was he _Herr Plen_, who\nlatinized his name, as was the fashion a century or two ago?\n\n    T.\n\n_Epigram on Burnet._--A friend of mine across the Atlantic wishes to\nask, whether any one knows where the following epigram, which he\nremembers in MS. in an old folio copy of Burnet's _History_, comes\nfrom:--\n\n      \"If Heaven is pleas'd when sinners cease to sin,\n      If Hell is pleas'd when sinners enter in,\n      If men are pleas'd at parting with a knave,\n      Then all are pleas'd--for Burnet's in his grave.\"\n\n    C. B.\n\n_Dutch Chronicle of the World._--Will any of your readers oblige me with\ninformation respecting a Dutch work, professing to be an historical\nchronicle of the world from the creation to the time in which it was\nprinted, which was in the days of _Merian_, the celebrated engraver,\nfather to the naturalist Madame Merian, who was also an artist of some\nrepute. The work I allude to was illustrated by numerous spirited\nengravings (supposed to have been executed on _pewter_), and of which I\npossess several hundred, which had been cut out of the letter-press\nwhich surrounded the prints, and bought at a stall in London many years\nback. I question whether there is a copy of the work to be found in\nEngland, except it be in the British Museum.\n\n    JOHN FENTON.\n\n\"_Arborei foetus alibi, atque injussa virescunt Gramina_\" (_Virgil G._\nI. 55.).--Amongst my school reminiscences, I retain very distinctly the\nremembrance of the surprise we felt in the sixth form, when we were\ndesired by our revered and excellent master to construe the above words\nas follows:\n\n  \"'Arborei foetus,' _flourish unbidden in one situation, grass in\n  another_.\"\n\nOr, more literally:\n\n  \"'Arborei foetus,' _flourish unbidden in situations different from\n  those in which grass (flourishes unbidden)_.\"\n\nI well remember too, that some of us, while we admired the ingenuity,\nventured to doubt the correctness of the translation. Will some of your\nlearned correspondents kindly favour me with their opinions?\n\n    W. S.\n\n_History of Brittany._--I shall feel obliged to any one who can refer me\nto a good history or histories of Brittany; more especially to those\nwhich relate to the genealogies and heraldry of the Breton families, or\nwhich contain pedigrees.\n\n    T. H. KERSLEY, B.A.\n\n_Serjeants' Rings._--T. P. would be obliged to any of your antiquarian\nreaders who could inform him, through the medium of your paper, whether\nthe custom of serjeants-at-law presenting rings with mottoes, on taking\nthe coif, prevailed so long back as A.D. 1670-80, and, if so, whether\nthere are any records, or other sources, from which he could ascertain\nthe motto used by an individual who was admitted to that degree about\nthat period?\n\n_The Duchess of Cleveland's Cow-pox._--In Baron's _Life of Jenner_, Vol.\ni. p. 123., there occurs the following note, extracted from one of Dr.\nJenner's note-books of 1799:\n\n  \"I know of no direct allusion to the disease in any ancient\n  author, yet the following seems not very distantly to bear upon\n  it. When the Duchess of Cleveland was taunted by her companions,\n  Moll Davis (Lady Mary Davis) and others, that she might soon have\n  to deplore the loss of that beauty which was then her boast, the\n  small-pox at that time raging in London, she made a reply to this\n  effect,--that she had no fear about the matter, for she had had a\n  disorder which would prevent her from ever catching the small-pox.\n  This was lately communicated by a gentleman in this county, but\n  unfortunately he could not recollect from what author he gained\n  his intelligence.\"\n\nCan any reader of \"N. & Q.\" supply this missing authority for a fact\nwhich is very important in the history of medicine--if true?\n\n    ONETWOTHREE.\n\n_Arms of Manchester._--What are the arms of Manchester? and are they of\nancient usage? or only assigned to the town since its incorporation? and\nif the latter, whence did the bearings originate?\n\n    H. H. H. V.\n\n_Heraldical MSS. of Sir Henry St. George Garter._--What has become of\nthese valuable MSS.? and if the place of their deposit is known, can\naccess be obtained to them for literary purposes? They were, as Noble\nrelates, originally sold into the Egmont family, and descended to John\nJames, the third Earl; but some time after his death, about the year\n1831, all the personal property of the family was disposed of; the\neffects at Enmore Castle were sold by auction on the spot; and the\nwriter of this well remembers seeing the old family pictures preparing\nfor the same fate in a sales-room in Conduit Street, he thinks of Mr.\nAbbots. Mr. Braithwaite, of Great Russell Street, was the auctioneer\nemployed at Enmore, and an inquiry was made of him at the time relative\nto these MSS., and the answer was, that they also were destined to the\nhammer. A catalogue also was promised whenever it should come out. The\nwriter was subsequently informed that the MSS. were withdrawn, and he\ncould never learn what became of them.\n\n    M----N.\n\n\nMinor Queries Answered.\n\n_The Pelican, as a Symbol of the Saviour._--Is the pelican now, or was\nit formerly considered as a symbol of Our Saviour? I have seen it used\nin the ancient decorations of churches, but never looked on it as such;\nnor can I remember ever having seen it mentioned as an emblem of the\nSaviour, with the exception of one passage in Dante's Vision (Canto\nxxv.) of Paradise.\n\n    ROBERT NELSON.\n\n  [In the _Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated_, p. 328.,\n  will be found an engraving of \"a pelican feeding her young with\n  blood from her own breast, signifying the Saviour giving Himself\n  up for the redemption of mankind;\" and in the foot-note references\n  to Aringhi's _Roma Subterranea_, and other works, in which other\n  representations of the same symbol are to be found. Our\n  correspondent may also be referred to Alt's _Heiligenbilder_, s.\n  56.]\n\n_Bishop Coverdale's Bible._--When did Bishop Coverdale _commence_ his\ntranslation of the Bible? Where was the first edition printed? Is any\ncopy in existence which possesses the _original_ title-page, i.e. _not_\nthe one added in England, stating that it is translated from the \"Douche\nand Latyn?\"\n\n    H. H. H. V.\n\n  [We have submitted H. H. H. V.'s Query to our obliging\n  correspondent, GEORGE OFFOR, ESQ., whose library is particularly\n  rich in early English versions of the Bible, and who has kindly\n  favoured us with the following communication]:--\n\nIn reply to your correspondent H. H. H. V.'s very curious question to\nknow when Myles Coverdale _commenced_ his translation, I beg to state\nthat he was born in 1488, and that it has not yet been discovered when\nhis mind was first led to contemplate the translation of the Sacred\nScriptures, nor whether he _commenced_ with the New or the Old\nTestament. The facts known are, that he finished the translation or the\nprinting of it on the 4th day of October, 1535,--probably at Cologne,\nbecause other books printed there about that time have the same\ninitials, wood-cuts, and type. A copy, with the original title-page, is\nin the Holkham library, having, on the reverse, part of the list of\nbooks, showing that originally it was without a dedication; this has the\nwords, \"Douche and Latyn.\" When the dedication was printed, this title\nwas cancelled and a new one printed, still with the words \"Douche and\nLatyn,\" with the reverse blank. A fine copy of this is in the possession\nof Earl Jersey, and one with the title-page repaired is in the British\nMuseum. Perfect copies have a map of Palestine. In 1537, this book was\nreprinted, both in folio and quarto, probably at Antwerp, and in these\nthe words \"from the Douche and Latyn\" were very properly omitted,\nCoverdale being still living to see them through the press; these are\nornamented with large initial letters with a dance of death, and are the\nrarest volumes in the English language. In these the dedication is\naltered from Queen Anne to Queen Jane, as the wife of Henry VIII. They\nwere all dedicated to the king and to the queen; the two latter are all\nin Old English type. These were followed by an edition dedicated to\nEdward VI. in a Swiss type, 4to., printed at Zurich by Chr. Froschover,\nand published under three titles--1st, as the translation of Thos.\nMatthewe; 2nd, as the translation of Myles Coverdale, London, by Andrew\nHester, 1550; and 3rd, London, by Jugge, 1553. These are books of great\nrarity, and may be all seen in my library by any of your readers,\nsanctioned by a note from you or any minister of religion. My first\nedition has several uncut leaves.\n\nThe introduction of the words \"from the Douche (meaning Luther's German)\nand Latyn\" has never been accounted for; they probably were inserted by\nthe German printer to make the volume more popular, so as to interest\nreformers by the German of Luther, and Romanists by the Vulgate Latin.\nThe translation is certainly from the Hebrew and Greek, compared with\nLuther's and the Vulgate.\n\n    GEORGE OFFOR.\n\n  Grove Street, Victoria Park.\n\n_Age of the Oak._--The late Queries respecting the age of trees, remind\nme of some lines of which I have been long in search--\n\n      \"The monarch oak, the patriarch of the trees,\n      Shoots rising up, and spreads by slow degrees:\n      Three centuries he grows, and three he stays\n      Supreme in state; and in three more decays.\"\n\nI think it probable that they are from a play of Dryden or Otway; but\nsome of your readers may probably be able to answer this Query.\n\n    T. C.\n\n  Durham.\n\n  [In Richardson's _Dictionary_, as well as in the _Encyclop\u00e6dia\n  Metropolitana_, these lines are quoted under the word _Patriarch_,\n  as from _The Cock and the Fox_, by Dryden; whereas Bysshe, in his\n  _Art of English Poetry_, under the word _Oak_, refers us to\n  Dryden's _Ovid_. In neither of these pieces do they occur; our\n  correspondent, however, will find them in Dryden's _Palamon and\n  Arcite, or the Knight's Tale_, line 2334.]\n\n_Olivarius._--Can any of your readers inform me what is the title of a\nbook written by Olivarius, a French astrologer, 1542, in which there is\na prophecy relative to France, and somewhat similar to that of St.\nC\u00e6sarius (p. 471.)? What was his christian name, and in what library is\nthe work to be found?\n\n    CLERICUS D.\n\n  Dublin.\n\n  [Maittaire, in his _Annales Typograph._, tom. v. pt. ii. p. 102.,\n  notices the following work: \"Olivarius (Petrus Joannes) Valentinus\n  de Propheti\u00e2. Basile\u00e6 ex officin\u00e2 Joannis Oporini, 1543, mense\n  Augusto.\" From the catalogues of the British Museum and the\n  Bodleian, it does not appear to be in either of these libraries.]\n\n_Vincent Bourne's Epilogus in Eunuchum Terentii._--Will any of your\nreaders inform me whether an Epilogue to the _Eunuch_ of Terence,\nwritten by V. Bourne, and spoken in 1746, has ever been printed in any,\nand what, edition of Bourne's _Poems_? Gnatho appears on the stage,\ndressed as a recruiting sergeant, with several recruits, and thus\nbegins:\n\n      \"Siste--tace--Gnatho sum Miles, cum gloria cives\n        Evocat ad Martem, quis parasitus erit?\n      Aut quis venari coenas et prandia malit,\n        Nobile cui stimulet pectus honoris amor?\"\n\nAnd the concluding lines are:\n\n      \"Arma viros facient--Vosmet simul arma geratis,\n        Seribatis, jubeo, protinus armigeros:\n      H\u00e2c lege, ut conclametis, Rex Vivat; idemque\n        Tu repetas, Stentor noster, utr\u00e2que manu.\"\n\nThis epilogue is in my possession in MS., the handwriting of my father,\nwho was, in 1746, a scholar of Westminster College. It should seem, from\na letter written to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ by the late Archdeacon\nNares, in April, 1826, and reprinted in Nichols's _Illustrations_, vol.\nvii. p. 656., that he was in possession of a copy, as he there tenders\nit to the editor of the sixth edition of _Bourne_, which had then (1826)\nrecently issued from the Oxford press.\n\n    W. S.\n\n  Richmond, Surrey.\n\n  [The Epilogue referred to will be found in the beautiful edition\n  of Vinny Bourne's _Poems_, published by Pickering in 1840, and in\n  the _Gentleman's Magazine_, May, 1826, p. 450, where, however, the\n  first line reads--\n\n  'Siste, tace; Gnatho sum Miles, cum gloria _pulchra_,' &c.]\n\n_Burton, Bp., Founder of Schools, &c., at Loughborough, co.\nLeicester._--Can any of your genealogical readers give a clue to his\nfamily, and their armorial bearings?\n\n    J. K.\n\n  [Thomas Burton was a French merchant, not a prelate. A short\n  notice of him and his gifts will be found in the _Reports of\n  Commissioners of Inquiry into Charities_, and in Carlisle's\n  _Endowed Charities_; but no account of his family has been given\n  by his namesake, William Burton, in his _History of\n  Leicestershire_, or by Nichols in his _History_.]\n\n_Hoo._--What is the meaning of this word? In Bedfordshire there are two\nhouses and estates called by this name, Luton Hoo and Pertenhall Hoo;\nand in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Kent are villages so called.\n\n    ARUN.\n\n  [Luton Hoo, in Bedfordshire, was the manor of the family of Hoo,\n  or De Hoo, who are said by Sir Henry Chauncy to have been settled\n  there before the Norman Conquest. Hasted, in his Kent, says, \"Hoo\n  comes from the Saxon _hou_, a hill.\" Ihre derives the word from\n  _hoeg_, high. Spelman, vo. _Hoga_, observes that _ho_, _how_,\n  signifies mons, collis. Jamieson says \"_How_ is certainly no other\n  than Isl. _haug_, Suio-Gothic _hoeg_, the name given to sepulchral\n  mounds.\" See also Lemon's _English Etymology_, s. v. _Hough_,\n  _how_.]\n\n\n\n\nReplies.\n\n\nMODERN NAMES OF PLACES.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 470.)\n\nYour correspondent L. H. J. T. has noticed the corruption of Greek\ntopographical names, arising from the use of the definite article, which\nthe ear of a traveller not skilled in the language supposes to be a part\nof the name, and so makes _Statines_ or _Satines_ from Athens, _Stives_\nfrom Thebes, &c.\n\nIt may be interesting to some readers of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" to know\nthat exactly the same thing has happened in Ireland, and that the\nrecognised Anglicised forms of several proper names, now stereotyped,\nare a combination of the definite article _an_, of the Gaelic or Irish\nlanguage, with the name of the place.\n\nFor instance, _Nenagh_ in the co. Tipperary is properly _Aonach_ [pron.\n_eenagh_], but generally spoken of by the people with the definite\narticle _an Aonach_, the Aonach, _i.e._ fair, place of a fair or\nassembly; and hence by the English made _Nenagh_.\n\nSo also the river _Ainge_ [pron. nearly as _Anny_] is usually called an\nAinge, _the_ Ainge; and therefore is now _Nanny_, the Nanny, or Nanny\nwater, in the co. Meath.\n\nIn like manner, the island _Aondruim_ in Loch Cuan, on which stood once\na celebrated monastery, is in Irish always called _an Aondruim_, the\nAondruim, and is now Nandrum or Nantrim Island.\n\nThe town of _Newry_ is another instance. It has its name from an ancient\nyew tree [in Irish _Iubhair_, pron. nearly as the word _your_] which\nstood near it, and was said to have been planted by St. Patrick. Hence\nthe town is always called _an Iubhair_, the yew tree; which, by\nincorporating the article, has been Anglicised _Newry_.\n\nThe river _Nore_ in Ossory, is properly _an Eoir_, the Eoir [pron.\n_Ore_].\n\nSo also the _Navan_ fort near Armagh, is _an Eamhain_, the Eamhain\n[pron. nearly as _Avan_].\n\nI might fill a page with other instances, but I shall only mention\nanother similar corruption in proper names, where after dropping the\n_Mac_ the _c_ is retained, in cases where the patronymic begins with a\nvowel. Thus the descendants of the Danish family of _Ottar_ became _Mac\nOttar_, and are now Cotter. So _Mac Etigan_ became _Gettigan_; _Mac\nEeoghegan_, Geoghegan; the _c_ being further transmuted into _g_. And\nhundreds of similar instances could be given.\n\nIt may also be observed that the English very generally caught the\ngenitive, or oblique case, of the Irish proper names, and from it formed\nthe name which is now in use amongst the English speaking population.\nThus they heard the Irish speak of the isles _Araun_, _i.e._ the isles\n_of Ara_, for _Araun_ is the genitive; and hence they are now the _Aran\nIsles_. So also the ford Trim or Druim, in Irish _Ath-Druim_ (the ford\nof the long low hill, _vadum Dorsi_), where _Druim_ [pron. nearly\n_Trim_] is the genitive of _Drom_ or _Drum_, a long low hill, a back.\n\nThe names given to Ireland by medieval writers, after the ancient name\nof Scotia had been transferred to _Alban_ (which, by the way, is itself\na genitive, from _Alba_), afford instances of the same thing.\n\nOne of the native names of Ireland is _Eri_, or _Eire_, genitive\n_Erinn_. From this the Greeks and Romans formed the name _Ierne_, from\nthe old word _I_, an island--_I-Erinn_, the island _of Eri_. And so we\nnow have also the genitive _Erin_, as a poetical name of the island. The\nDanes, however, retained the absolute form, and called it _Eri-landt_,\nIreland.\n\nSo also from the old word _Ibh_, or _Hibh_, a tribe, or country, we have\n_Hibh-Erinn_, the tribe, or people of Eri, and hence evidently\n_Hibernia_ and _Ivernia_.\n\n    T. D.\n\n\nPROVERBIAL PHILOSOPHY.--PAROCHIAL LIBRARY AT MAIDSTONE.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 92.)\n\nAs some of your readers may be aware, there is an old and somewhat\nvaluable library in the vestry of All Saints Church, Maidstone, which\nwas partly purchased by the parishioners of the executors of Dr. Bray\n(who bequeathed his books to any parish which would advance fifty pounds\nas a consideration for the value of them), and was afterwards increased\nby the munificence of several benefactors.\n\nUp to the year 1810, when the present catalogue was made, it would\nappear that but little, or at any rate very insufficient, care was taken\nof these books; for Mr. Finch, who rearranged the library and wrote the\ncatalogue, carefully correcting the inaccuracies in the former one,\ndeclares, in a note that he has placed at the commencement, dated\nOctober 1, 1810, that he \"found many valuable books missing, and a still\nlarger number irretrievably damaged by the incursions of worms and\ndamp.\"\n\nThe number of volumes missing and decayed amounted to about 100, whilst\nthe number remaining in the library appears to have been 710, and their\ngross value about 165_l._\n\nSince 1810 far greater care seems to have been bestowed on them, for but\nfew, very few, volumes mentioned in the catalogue then made are missing,\nand a daily fire during the winter months tends greatly to prevent their\nfurther injury by damp.\n\nI will not, however, trouble you with any further remarks about the\nlibrary itself, but proceed at once to the subject of my note, which is\nto offer for your acceptance three proverbs (which I have met with in\nreading one of the books) as an addition to the valuable collection\nlately sent by your correspondent COWGILL.\n\nThe book from which I have derived them is a small quarto, containing\nthe following tracts or treatises; but whether any or all of them are\nnow but rarely to be met with, I know not.\n\n  1st. \"The Heresiography, or a description of the Hereticks and\n  Sectaries of these latter times, by E. Pagitt. 5th edit. London,\n  1654.\"\n\n  2nd. \"An apologie for our publick ministerie and infant baptism,\n  by William Lyford, B.D. and Minister of the Gospel at Sherborn in\n  Dorcetshire. London, 1653.\"\n\n  3rd. \"The Font guarded with XX arguments, containing a compendium\n  of that great controversie of Infant Baptism, proving the\n  lawfulness thereof; as being grounded on the word of God,\n  agreeable to the Practice of all Reformed churches: together with\n  the concurrent consent of a whole jury of judicious and pious\n  divines. With a word to one Collier and another to Mr. Tombs, in\n  the end of the Book. Birmingham, 1651.\"\n\n  4th. \"Vindici\u00e6, P\u00e6do-Baptismi, or A Vindication of Infant Baptism\n  in a Full Answer to Mr. Tombs his twelve arguments alleaged\n  against it in his exercitation, and whatsoever is rational or\n  material in his answer to Mr. Marshall's sermon. By John Geree,\n  M.A. and Preacher of the Word sometime at Tewksbury, but now at\n  St. Albanes. London, 1646.\"\n\n  5th. [Title-page wanting, but it appears to have been this:] \"The\n  Gangrene of Heresie, or A catalogue of many of the Errours,\n  Blasphemies, and Practices of the Sectaries of the time, with some\n  observations upon them. By Thomas Edwards, 1650.\"\n\n  6th. \"The Patrimony of Christian Children, or A defence of Infants\n  Baptisme prooved to be consonant to the Scriptures and will of God\n  against the erroneous positions of the Anabaptists. By Robert\n  Cleaver, with the joynt consent of Mr. John Dod. London, 1624.\"\n\nThese six treatises contain from 80 to 220 pages each, and in reading\nthem I have noted the three following \"sententious truths,\" which I hope\nmay be thought worthy to be added to the much larger number contributed\nby COWGILL. The first is from the lines of Beriah Philophylax to his\nfriend Mr. Thomas Hall, which is prefixed to his \"Font Guarded;\" and the\nother two from Edwards' \"Gangrene of Heresie,\"--\n\n      1st. \"Answers are Honours to a Scold,\n             And make her spirit much more bold.\"\n\n      2nd. \"A spark not quenched may burn down a whole house.\"\n\n      3rd. \"Little sins make way for great, and one brings in all.\"\n\n    JOHN BRANFILL HARRISON.\n\n  Maidstone.\n\n\n\"A BREATH CAN MAKE THEM AS A BREATH HAS MADE.\"\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 482.)\n\nWith reference to the observations of HENRY H. BREEN upon a well-known\npassage in Goldsmith's _Deserted Village_, a little consideration will\nconvince him that the view taken by D'Israeli and himself is not only\nextremely superficial, but that the proposed emendation would entirely\ndestroy the poet's meaning.\n\nThe antithesis is not between flourishing and fading, but between the\ndifficult restoration of a bold peasantry and the easy reproduction of\nprinces and lords.\n\nThe first branch of the antithesis is between _wealth_ and _men_:\n\n      \"Where wealth accumulates and men decay.\"\n\nIt then proceeds to set forth that it matters little whether nobles\nflourish or fade, because a breath can make _them_ as easily as it has\noriginally made them: but not so with a bold peasantry. When once _they_\nare destroyed, _they_ can never be replaced.\n\nIn fact, so far from the sense requiring the alteration of \"makes\" into\n\"_un_makes,\" the substitution, if we would preserve the author's\nmeaning, should be \"remakes:\"\n\n      \"Princes and lords may flourish or may fade,\n      A breath _remakes them_, as a breath has made.\"\n\nI only put this in illustration: Heaven forbid I should recommend it as\nan improvement!\n\nAs for the cited \"parallel passages,\" the best answer that can be given\nto _them_ is, that they cease to be parallel passages!\n\nI shall therefore take the liberty to repeat a sentence from MR. BREEN,\nwith a slight alteration:\n\n  \"That Goldsmith wrote the line in question with the word\n  'unmakes,' there seems (_every_) reason to doubt.\"\n\n    A. E. B.\n\n  Leeds.\n\nP.S.--As a mere matter of fact, apart from other considerations,\nalthough a breath from the fountain of honour may create a noble, it\nmay be questioned whether it would not require something more than a\nbreath to _un_make him?\n\n  [We have received many other excellent defences of the original\n  reading of this passage in Goldsmith. We have selected the present\n  as one of the shortest among those which first reached us. We will\n  add to it a postscript from the communication of another\n  correspondent, J. S. W., showing a curious typographical error\n  which has crept into the recent editions of Goldsmith.]\n\n_Passage in the Traveller._--There is a line in the _Traveller_, I may\nobserve, into which an error of the press, or of some unlucky critic,\nhas intruded. Goldsmith, speaking of the Swiss, says that he\n\n      \"_Breasts_ the keen air, and carols as he goes.\"\n\nIn some editions it is given--\n\n      \"_Breathes_ the keen air,\" &c.\n\n_Breasts_ was doubtless the original word, for it is quoted in Johnson's\n_Dictionary_, under the word _Breast_. This alteration, however, does\nnot, like the supposed change of _unmakes_ into _can make_, affect the\nsense.\n\n    J. S. W.\n\n  Stockwell.\n\n\nBOGATZKY.\n\n(Vol. iii., pp. 478., 526.; Vol. iv., p. 44.)\n\nPerhaps the following Note may prove interesting, as a contribution to\nthe literary history of Bogatzky's popular work, and as explanatory of\nthe statement of R. D. H. (Vol. iii., p. 526.), that the book was almost\nentirely re-written _by the Rev. H. Venn_.\n\n_The Golden Treasury_ was introduced to English readers through the late\nexcellent John Thornton, Esq. This gentleman having met with a copy of\nthe German work, caused it to be translated into English. Of this\ntranslation (in which many of Bogatzky's papers are exchanged for\nextracts from English writers) a single copy was printed, interleaved,\nand sent to the _Rev. John Berridge_, of Everton, for final revision.\nThis copy is now before me. The title runs thus: _A Golden Treasury for\nthe Children of God, whose Treasure is in Heaven; consisting of select\nTexts of the Bible, with practical Observations in Prose and Verse, for\nevery Day in the Year. By C. H. v. Bogatzky: with some Alterations and\nImprovements by various Hands. Also a Preface on the right Use of this\nBook. Together with a few Forms of Prayer for private Use. \"Where your\nTreasure is, there will your Heart be also.\" Matt._ vi. 21. _London:\nPrinted in the Year_ MDCCLXXV. Then follows the Preface (pp. iii.-xvi.),\nwritten by Mr. Thornton. The rest of the book extends to 374 pages of a\nsmall oblong form. The whole is very copiously annotated by Mr.\nBerridge, whose corrections are most important and judicious. He greatly\nimproved and simplified the language, his chief aim evidently being to\naccommodate the book to the use of as large a number of readers as\npossible. The humour of the man breaks out ever and anon in cutting\nrebukes and sarcasms directed against unsound doctrine: neither\nCalvinist nor Arminian, Pharisee nor Antinomian, escape his lash. A\nconsiderable number of papers are either entirely re-written, or very\nlargely altered; _e.g._ Jan. 29 (by J. Thornton); Feb. 10, 19; April 8,\n26; May 2, 3, 16, 20; June 19, 22; Sept. 9, 17, 18, 21, 25; Oct. 10;\nNov. 18; Dec. 1, &c. About forty-three papers are left untouched, and\ntwenty others have only some verses added by Mr. Berridge. Next, as to\nthe extracts from English authors: in the interleaved copy the sources\nare indicated in Mr. Thornton's handwriting for the first six months;\nbeyond which there is no indication of the kind. I subjoin a list of the\nauthors from whom extracts have been made:--\n\n_Aberdeen Bible_, Feb. 17, 22, April 1, 18, June 8; _Mr. Adams_, March\n28; _Mr. Bentley_, Jan. 1, 12, April 21; _Mr. Brewer_, April 15;\n_Darracot's Scripture Marks_, March 5, April 3; _Mr. De Coetlogon_, June\n5; _Mr. Fletcher_, May 4, 5; _Mr. Forster_, Feb. 10, 20; _Dr. Guise_,\nJune 11; _Bishop Hall_, Feb. 12, 26, March 12, May 3, June 9; _Mr.\nHowe_, March 1, April 6; _Mr. Keash (?)_, Feb. 1; _Mr. King_, Jan. 31,\nFeb. 8; _Mr. Law_, June 4; _Mr. Mason_, March 29, 30; _Mr. Newton_,\nApril 17; _Dr. Owen_, Feb. 21, March 15, 21; _Mr. Romaine_, Jan. 29;\n_Spencer's Storehouse_, Feb. 16, March 19, 31, April 20, 30, May 29,\nJune 14, 17; _Mrs. Thornton_, March 10; _Mrs. Wills_, April 19.\n\nI will only add that most of the corrections of Mr. Berridge were\nadopted by Mr. Thornton, and have consequently appeared in the London\neditions in current use.\n\n    C. P. PH***.\n\n\nMORAVIAN HYMNS.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 502.)\n\nJohn Wesley was at one time of his life a pupil of the Moravians, and\nSouthey's _Life_ of that remarkable man, like most of his works,\npregnant with interest and erudition, affords a satisfactory answer to\nyour correspondent's Query. I quote from the 3rd edition of the _Life_,\n2 vols., 1846. Of the Moravians he says:--\n\n  \"Madness never gave birth to combinations of more _monstrous and\n  blasphemous obscenity_ than they did in their fantastic allegories\n  and spiritualizations. In such freaks of perverted fancy the\n  abominations of the Phallus and the Lingam have unquestionably\n  originated; and in some such abominations Moravianism might have\n  ended, had it been instituted among the Mingrelian or Malabar\n  Christians, where there was no antiseptic influence of surrounding\n  circumstances to preserve it from putrescence. Fortunately for\n  themselves, and for that part of the heathen world among whom they\n  have laboured, and still are labouring with exemplary devotion,\n  the Moravians were taught by their assailants to correct this\n  perilous error in time.\"--Vol. i. p. 173.\n\nHe adds in a note:\n\n  \"The reader who may have perused Rimius's _Narrative of the Rise\n  and Progress of the Herrnhuters_, and the 'Responsorial Letters of\n  the Theological Faculty of T\u00fcbingen' annexed to it [the 2nd\n  edition was published London, 1753], will not think this language\n  too strong.\"\n\nIn the Appendix, p. 481., Southey further says:\n\n  \"The most characteristic parts of the Moravian hymns are _too\n  shocking_ to be inserted here: even in the humours and\n  extravagances of the Spanish religious poets there is nothing\n  which approaches to the monstrous perversion of religious feeling\n  in these astonishing productions. The copy which I possess is of\n  the third edition printed for James Hutton, 1746. An interesting\n  account of James Hutton, who published the _Moravian Hymns_, may\n  be seen in the great collection of _Literary Anecdotes_ by Mr.\n  Nichols, vol. iii. p. 435. Of their _silliness_ I subjoin only\n  such a specimen as may be read without offence:--\n\n      'What is now to children the dearest thing here?\n      To be the Lamb's lambkins and chickens most dear;\n      Such lambkins are nourished with food which is best,\n      Such chickens sit safely and warm in the nest.'\n\n      'And when Satan at an hour\n      Comes our chickens to devour,\n      Let the children's angels say,\n      Those are Christ's chicks--go thy way.'\n\n  \"Yet even the _Moravian Hymns_ are equalled by a poem of\n  Manchester manufacture in the _Gospel Magazine_ for August, 1808,\n  entitled the 'Believer's Marriage in Christ.'\"--Southey's _Life of\n  Wesley_.\n\nSee also Crantz's _History of the Brethren_, translated by Latrobe, 8vo.\nLondon, 1780; _A True and Authentic Account of Andrew Frey_, translated\nfrom the German, London, 1753, an extremely curious work; also _A Solemn\nCall on Count Zinzendorf_, by Henry Rimius, London, 1754.\n\n    JARLTZBERG.\n\n  December 30th, 1851.\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Inveni portum_ (Vol. v., p. 10.).--This couplet, which occurs at the\nclose of the second volume of _Gil Blas_, is a version of the following\nGreek epigram among those of uncertain authors in the _Anthologia_:\n\n            \u0395\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7\u03bd\n      \u1f18\u03bb\u03c0\u1f76\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u1f7a \u03a4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd' \u03b5\u1f57\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd.\n      \u039f\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1f76 \u03c7' \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4' \u1f10\u03bc\u03ad.\n\nIt is a slight alteration of the translation given by William Lilly, Sir\nThomas More's friend and schoolfellow, and occurs, with Sir Thomas\nMore's version, in the _Progymnasmata_ prefixed to the first edition of\nMore's _Epigrams_, a very elegant volume, printed under the care of\nBeatus Rhinanus by Frobenius, at Basle, in 1520: small 4to. The\nfrontispiece is by Holbein:\n\n            \"T. MORI DE CONTEMPTU FORTUN\u00c6.\n\n      \"Jam portum inveni, Spes et Fortuna valete.\n        Nil mihi vobiscum est, ludite nunc alios.\"\n\n            \"G. LILII.\n\n      \"Inveni portum. Spes et Fortuna valete.\n        Nil mihi vobiscum, ludite nunc alios.\"\n\nThere is a longer epigram, also by an uncertain author, in the First\nBook of the _Anthologia_, the first lines of which differ but slightly.\nIt runs thus:\n\n      \u1f18\u03bb\u03c0\u1f76\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u1f7a \u03a4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f41\u03b4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b5\u1f57\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7\n      \u039f\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u1f14\u1fe4\u1fe5\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f04\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9,\n      \u039f\u1f55\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad.\n      \u03ba. \u03c4. \u03bb.\n\nThe epigram has been very frequently translated. We have Latin versions\nby W. Morel, Grotius, and others; and several Italian and French\nversions. Mr. Merivale has thus rendered it:\n\n      \"Fortune and Hope farewell! I've found the port:\n      You've done with me: go now, with others sport!\"\n\nThomas Moore has given us a spirited paraphrase of it.\n\n    S.W. SINGER.\n\n  Manor Place, South Lambeth.\n\n_Quarter Waggoner_ (Vol. v., p. 11.).--As the editor, in the exercise of\nhis official functions, may class this scrap with the _Replies_, it\ncannot be amiss to state that I offer its contents as mere conjectures.\n\nIn the _Sea grammar_ of captain John Smith, which was published in 1627,\nwe have a list of books adapted to the use of those who would _learn to\nobserve the altitude_, to _prick_ their _card_, or _say_ their\n_compass_. It is as follows:\n\n  \"Master _Wrights_ Errours of nauigation. Master _Tapps_ Sea-mans\n  kalender. The art of nauigation. The sea regiment. The sea-mans\n  secret. _Waggoner_. Master _Gunters_ workes. The sea-mans glasse\n  for the scale. The new attracter for variation. Master _Wright_\n  for vse of the globe. Master _Hewes_ for the same.\"\n\nIt thus appears that _Waggoner_ was either the title of a book, or the\nname of an author; and we may infer, from the absence of particulars,\nthat it was quite familiar to the seamen of that period--as much so as\n_Charles'-wain_. May it not indicate Lucas Jansz _Wagenaer_ of\nEnchuisen, author of the _Spieghel der zeevaerdt_, or mirror of\nnavigation, published at Leyden in 1585. The _Spieghel_ became a\nstandard work; and a translation of it by Anthony Ashley was printed at\nLondon, with a dedication to sir Christopher Hatton, about the year\n1588. Mr. Joseph Ames, who gives the title of this translation,\nobserves: \"Perhaps the sailors from this book call their sea charts\n_Wagenars_.\" He was the son of a merchant-captain, and passed his life\nas a ship chandler in Wapping: I need not search for a better witness.\nWith regard to the word _Quarter_, it seems to be an abbreviation of\nquarter-deck; and if so, _Quarter Waggoner_ would mean the quarter-deck\ncharts, or the charts which were supplied to the commander of a ship for\nthe use of himself and the other officers.\n\n    BOLTON CORNEY.\n\n_Cibber's Lives of the Poets_ (Vol. v., p. 25.).--MR. CROSSLEY says that\nnone of Johnson's biographers appear to have known that the prospectus\nwhich he has sent you was furnished by Dr. Johnson; but of this fact he\ngives no other proof than his own opinion that \"the internal evidence is\ndecisive.\" Now I really must say, that to my poor judgment nothing can\nbe less like Johnson's peculiar style; and, moreover, MR. CROSSLEY, who\nquotes Mr. Croker's note (p. 818., ed. 1848) on this subject, has\ncertainly not read that note accurately, for the object of that note was\nto endeavour to account for Johnson's having frequently and positively\nasserted that _Cibber had nothing to do with these lives_, of which MR.\nCROSSLEY would have us suppose he wrote the prospectus for Cibber. If\nMR. CROSSLEY will read more carefully the note referred to, which is\nhalf Boswell's and half Croker's, and also another note (also referred\nto), p. 504., he will see that it is impossible that Johnson could have\nwritten this prospectus.\n\nAs I happen to be addressing MR. CROSSLEY, I take the liberty of asking\nwhether he has yet been able to lay his hands on Pope's Imitation of\nHorace, _printed by Curll_ in 1716 (see \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. iv., pp. 122.\n139.), and which he tells us he possesses. I wonder and should be sorry\nthat _such a curiosity_ should be lost or even mislaid.\n\n    C.\n\n_Poniatowski Gems_ (Vol. v., p. 30.).--A. O. O. D. is informed that a\nportion of these gems were sold by Christie and Manson about the second\nweek in June of last year, under an order of the Court of Chancery, on\naccount of the estate of the late Lord Monson. The contents of one\ncabinet were alone put up, and the auctioneers can, no doubt, supply the\nparticulars that A. O. O. D. requires; or more general information might\npossibly be obtained from the solicitors, Messrs. Pooley and Beisly, 1.\nLincoln's Inn Fields.\n\n    M----N.\n\n_Dial Motto at Karlsbad_ (Vol. iv., pp. 471. 507.).--I do not think it\ndifficult to throw light upon the Karlsbad inscription sent to you by\nHERMES. I believe that there is a mistake either by the inscriber or the\ntranscriber, and that the word CEdIt ought to be written CeDIt. The\nchrono-grammatic letters or numerals would then be MDCCVVVVIIIIIIIIII =\nMDCCXXX = 1730. There are, however, as you have printed it, three other\ncapital letters, but I observe they are not in the same type as the\nnumerals. The question then arises, how do they appear in the original\ninscription? do they all appear there, or only the first two. It is\npossible that they, _i.e._ H. H. T., may be the initials of the name of\nthe then owner of the house I should like this explanation better if the\nonly capitals, not numerals, were H. H., the initials of the first two\nwords of the inscription, and unmingled with the numerals. It would then\nbe H. H. MDCCXXX, or as it would appear upon a house of the present day:\n\n      H. H.\n      1730.\n\nIt is probable that by inquiry at Karlsbad, if it were worth while, the\nname of the owner and date of the house might afford a certain solution\nof his difficulty. The doubtful letters may be the initials of the maker\nof the dial.\n\n    GRIFFIN.\n\nP.S. Upon what authority does your correspondent E. H. D. D. (Vol. iv.,\np. 507.) assert that \"E in such compositions stands for 250?\"\n\n_Passage in Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 435.).--I have to thank your\ncorrespondent F. A. for calling my attention to a passage in the present\nedition of Jeremy Taylor, in which the bishop cites a \"common saying\"\nconcerning Repentance. I had already discovered the error which F. A.\nalludes to, my attention having been called to the words in question, by\nfinding them quoted by Jackson (Sermon on Luke, xiii. 6. _et seq._); and\na MS. note in the margin by a former possessor of the volume gave me the\ntrue account of the sentence.\n\nI am living at a distance from libraries, and without the opportunity of\nexamining questions; but I believe F. A. will find that he has slightly\nmisunderstood L'Estrange; the sentence in question _not_ being found in\nCoverdale's translation of the Bible.\n\n    C. P. E.\n\n_Aue Trici and Gheeze Ysenoudi_ (Vol. i., pp. 215. 267.).--These two\nnuns belonged to the convent of St. Margaret at Gouda. In 1714 there\nstill existed in the library of that city a book entitled _Coll==tarius_\n(Commentarius) _supra Psalmos_.[2] This work, written by Peter Por of\nFloref, and dedicated to John of Arckel, bishop of Utrecht, was\ntranscribed on parchment in the year 1454 by seven nuns of the above\nconvent, these were:\n\n      Maria Joannis,\n      _Geza Yzenoude_,\n      _Aua Trici_,\n      Jacoba Gerardi,\n      Agatha Nicolai,\n      Maria Martini,\n      en Maria Gerardi.\n\n  [Footnote 2: Sic in MSS. Legendumne co[=m]tarius?]\n\nOn the back of the MS. is a list of the books belonging to the convent:\nthese were then seventy in number.\n\nLambertus Wilhelmi, a monk of Sion Abbey, and director of these nuns,\ncomposed in the year 1452 a _History of the Convent of St. Margaret at\nGouda_, by order of its superintendent, Heymanus Florentii, a monk of\n'S. Gravezande. This convent was burnt in 1572 by one of Lumey's\ncaptains, Hans Aulterman, who for his many crimes was condemned on the\n11th of April, 1573, and burnt alive at the gates of Gouda.\n\nThe Nicholas de Wit mentioned in the Query was prior of the monastery of\nSt. Michael, near Schoonhoven. (See further T. Walvisch, _Beschr\u00ffving\nvan Gouda_, II. pp. 123-172.)\n\n    ELSEVIER.\n\n  Leyden, Navorscher, Jan. 1852.\n\n_Rev. John Paget_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--Of this clergyman the following\nmention is made in the _Resolutions of the States General_:\n\n  \"9 January, 1607. Op te requeste van John Paget, predikand van de\n  Engelsche regimenten, is geordonneert de selve te stellen in\n  handen van den Ovesten Horace Vere, Ridder, omme ordre te stellen,\n  dat den suppl. van syn tractament mach worden betaelt.\"\n\n  9 January, 1607. Touching the request of John Paget, chaplain of\n  the English regiments, is ordained that the same be placed in the\n  hands of the Colonel Horace Vere, Knight, that provision may be\n  made for the payment of the suppliant's salary.\n\nFrom the register of a marriage celebrated at Leyden the 7th of January,\n1649, between Mathys Paget, smith, and Maria Picters Del Tombe, both of\nthat city, it would appear that other members of the Paget family have\nresided there.\n\n    ELSEVIER.\n\n  Leyden, Navorscher, Jan. 1852.\n\nThe Rev. John Paget doubtless belonged to an English or Scotch family,\nsometimes also called Pagett, or Pagetius. John Paget, who was the first\nminister of the English church in Amsterdam, came there in 1607, and\npreached his introductory sermon on the 5th of February, in the chapel\nprepared for that purpose: his formal induction took place in the month\nof April, in the same year, and here he remained twenty-nine years.\nThomas Paget, invited from Blackeley in England, was inducted in\nNovember 1639, and departed the 29th of August 1646, for Shrewsbury.\nRobert Paget, or Pagetius, minister of the Scotch congregation at\nDordrecht from 1638 to 1685, \"was a man of extensive biblical knowledge,\nbut of extreme modesty.\" When the English church in Amsterdam was\noffered him, he could not be prevailed upon to accept it. With Jacob\nBorstius he lived on terms of close intimacy.\n\nConsult the _Kerkel\u00ffk Alphabeth_ of Veeris, Wagenaar, _Beschr\u00ffving van\nAmsterdam_, and Balen _Beschr\u00ffving van Dordt_; also _The History of the\nScottish Church at Rotterdam_, by the Rev. William Steven, M.A.,\nEdinburgh and Rotterdam, 1832, and Schotel, _Kerkel\u00ffk Dordrecht_, vol.\ni. p. 457., and the note (2), vol. ii. p. 217., where many particulars\nconcerning the Pagets, especially Robert, are found. It is, however,\nprobable that CRANMORE may obtain more information touching his family\nin England than in this country. In T\u00f6cher's _Gelehrten Lexicon_ mention\nis made of Ephraim, Eusebius, and Wilhelmus Paget, all of whom resided\nin England.\n\nWe also read in the _L\u00ffste van de Namen der Predikanten in de Provincie\nvan Utrecht_, by H. van Rhenen, 1705, p. 66., that Robert Paget, an\nEnglishman, and English preacher at Dordt, nephew of Thomas Paget, was\ninvited to Utrecht in 1655, but declined. He remained at Dordrecht, and\ndied there in 1684.\n\n    V. D. N.\n\n  Rotterdam, Navorscher, Jan. 1852.\n\n_Lines on the Bible_ (Vol. iv., p. 473.).--\"Within that awful volume\nlies,\" &c. These lines are Walter Scott's. They are spoken by the White\nLady of Avenel, in _The Monastery_. It appears that they were copied by\nLord Byron into his Bible, for they are inserted at the end of\nGalignani's 1-vol. edition of Byron's Works (Paris, 1826), among the\n\"_attributed_ pieces,\" as \"lines found in Lord Byron's Bible.\" This I\nbelieve is the only authority on which the compiler of the volume\nreferred to by your correspondent can have supposed his lordship to have\nbeen the author. In Murray's editions they have no place, nor even in\nGalignani's later editions.\n\n    B. R. I.\n\n  [We are indebted to many other correspondents for similar\n  replies.]\n\n_Dial Mottoes_ (Vol. iv., p. 471.).--The following is an inscription\nwhich I copied from a dial-plate in the churchyard of Kirk-Arbory, Isle\nof Man:\n\n        \"Thomas Kirkall de\n          Bolton Fecit.\n      Horula dum quota sit\n      Qu\u00e6ritur hora fugit.\n            1678.\"\n\nThere is a coat of arms also, but the tinctures are not marked; viz.\nQuarterly of three coats: first and fourth, three roundels in fess,\nbetween two barrulets; second, on a bend three mullets; third, a chevron\nbetween three lozenges.\n\n    T. H. KERSLEY, B.A.\n\n_Martial's Distribution of Hours_ (Vol. iv., pp. 273., 332.).--I ought\nperhaps to thank THEOPHYLACT for good intention in answering, not the\nquestion I did ask, but that which he thinks I \"might have asked.\"\n\nMy real question was based upon an assumption, the truth of which\nTHEOPHYLACT denies: his reply therefore is rather a challenge to\npremiss, than an answer to the question.\n\nI totally dissent from him in understanding \"quies lassis\" in any sense\nshort of absolute _recumbent_ repose: \"finis,\" which he takes as the\nreal commencement of the siesta, I understand as its conclusion: nor am\nI aware of any, except the last final quies, to which the term _finis_\nwould be applicable.\n\nNeither can I admit, upon the authority of THEOPHYLACT, that there was\nany gradual or partial cessation of business in Rome during the hour\nwhich we call \"between eleven and twelve o'clock in the forenoon.\"\nJulius C\u00e6sar left home, commenced the business of the senate, was\nsurrounded by thronging applicants, and was assassinated--all during\nthat hour: and, unless THEOPHYLACT can show that therefore, and on that\naccount, it became distasteful to succeeding emperors, he must excuse me\nfrom admitting his interpretation.\n\n    A. E. B.\n\n_Nelson's Signal_ (Vol. iv., p. 473.).--I send you Nelson's exact words\nas conveyed by signal at Trafalgar, as noted down by several ships in\nthe fleet:\n\n      England [253]\n      expects [269]\n      that    [863]\n      every   [261]\n      man     [471]\n      will    [958]\n      do      [220]\n      his     [370]\n      d         [4]\n      u        [21]\n      t        [19]\n      y        [24]\n\nLet me add, that the refrain of the best song on the Battle of\nTrafalgar, gives the exact words of the signal:\n\n      \"From line to line the signal ran,\n      England expects that every man\n            This day will do his duty.\"\n\nYou should have heard this chanted in the singing-days of\n\n    W. H. S.\n\n_Cooper's miniature, &c._ (Vol. v. p. 17.).--I have a painting on copper\nof Oliver Cromwell. It is oval, and about six inches by four. It\nresembles the engravings of him which have Cooper's name attached to\nthem. In the distance is a \"white horse,\" faintly sketched in. My\nfather, in whose possession it long was, set a very great value upon it.\nI have not had sufficient opportunity to inquire--Did ever Cooper paint\nin oil?\n\n    B. G.\n\n_Roman Funeral Pile_ (Vol. iv., p. 381.).--The ceremony of a Roman\nfuneral concluded with a feast, which was usually a supper given to the\nfriends and relatives of the deceased; and sometimes provisions were\ndistributed to the people. (Vid. Adams' _Roman Hist._, 3rd edit. p.\n283.) Basil Kennett, in his _Antiquities of Rome_, published 1776,\nfurther observes (p. 361.) that--\n\n  \"The feasts, celebrated to the honour of the deceased, were either\n  private or publick. The private feasts were termed _silicernia_,\n  from _silex and coena_, as if we should say _suppers made on a\n  stone_. These were prepared both for the _dead_ and the _living_.\n  The repast designed for the dead consisting commonly of beans,\n  lettuces, bread and eggs, or the like, was laid on the tomb for\n  the ghosts to come out and eat, as they fancied they would; and\n  what was left they burnt on the stone.\"\n\nNo authority is cited either by Adams or Kennett for the custom, but\nyour correspondent _John ap William ap John_ might perhaps refer to\n\"_Petri Morestelli Pompa Feralis, sive justa Funebria Veterum_,\" with\nsome probability of success in finding the subject there treated at\nlarge.\n\n    FRANCISCUS.\n\n_Barrister_ (Vol. iv., p. 472.).--The derivation of this word proposed\nby W. Y. can only be looked upon as a joke, as he himself seems to\nregard it. \"Roister\" can have no more to do with it than \"oyster\" has\nwith such words as \"songster, spinster, maltster, punster, tapster,\nwebster,\" &c., in which \"ster\" is the A.S. termination to denote one\nwhose business is \"song, or spinning,\" &c. Thus from the Medi\u00e6val Latin\n\"barra\" we get \"barraster, one whose business is at the bar;\" this is\nconfirmed by the old mode of spelling the word, viz., \"barrester and\nbarraster.\" See Spelman's _Glossary_, v. Cancellarius--\n\n  \"Dicuntur etiam _cancelli_ septa curiarum qu\u00e6 _barras_ vocant;\n  atque inde Juris candidati causas illic agentes, Bud\u00e6o\n  _Cancellarii_, ut nobiscum _Barrestarii_.\"\n\nAnd again--\n\n  \"_Barrasterius_, Repagularis Causidicus.\"\n\n    J. EASTWOOD.\n\n_Meaning of Dray_ (Vol. iv., p. 209.).--_Dray_ is a squirrel's nest.\n\n  \"A boy has taken three little young squirrels in their nest or\n  _drey_.\"--White's _Selborne_, p. 333. Bohn's edition.\n\nTo which is appended the following note:--\n\n  \"The squirrel's nest is not only called a _drey_ in Hampshire, but\n  also in other counties; in Suffolk it is called a bay. The word\n  _drey_, though now provincial, I have met with in some of our old\n  writers.\"--_Mitford_.\n\n    PANTAGRUEL.\n\n_Tregonwell Frampton_ (Vol. iv., p. 474.; Vol. v., p. 16.).--In the\n_History of the British Turf_, by James Christie Whyte, Esq. (London,\nColburn, 2 vols. 8vo. 1840), T. R. W. will meet with a sketch of the\nlife of Mr. Frampton, together with an inquiry into the truth of the\nwell known anecdote respecting his cruelty to his horse Dragon. Mr.\nChafin, in his _Anecdotes of Cranbourne Chase_ (London, 1818), p. 47.,\nrefers to him, and prints one or two curious original letters from him.\nMr. Whyte illustrates his first volume by a portrait of Mr. Frampton.\n\n    CRANMORE.\n\n_Vermin, Parish Payments of, &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--There is no\ndoubt but that nearly all country parishes paid at one time for the\ndestruction of different kinds of vermin; but this practice is now\nentirely discontinued. The following are the prices paid twenty-five\nyears ago by the parish of Corsham, Wilts:--\n\nVipers, 6_d._ each; slowworms or blindworms, 3_d._ each; rats, 1_d._\neach (the tails only were required to be brought); sparrows' heads,\n6_d._ per dozen, (meaning the old birds); sparrows' eggs and young\nbirds, 4_d._ per dozen.\n\nI shall never forget, when a boy, and my father was churchwarden, the\ntricks the young lads and boys used to play in order to palm off other\nbirds' eggs and young birds for sparrows. One young rascal actually\npainted the eggs very cleverly to imitate the sparrows, till I\ndiscovered it. Young birds of all kinds were brought, and many dozens\npaid for that were not sparrows; as it was impossible to tell the young\nbirds of many of the hard billed kinds from the sparrow. At last the\nparish gave up paying for the eggs or young birds, but gave 1_s._ per\ndozen for the heads of old sparrows, and vast numbers were brought\nthroughout the winter; and then attempts were made to substitute other\nbirds' heads, which were in many cases paid for. The next year the\nparish agreed only to pay for the whole birds, so that no deception\ncould be practised. When the New Poor Law came into operation, all these\npayments were stopped. Glead was a provincial term for the kite and\nbuzzard, the ringtail for the hen harrier hawk, and greashead or\ngreyhead for the female kestrel or greyheaded falcon. In most of the\nWiltshire parishes 6_d._ per head was paid for the hedgehog, as the\nfarmers always believed they sucked the teats of cows when laid down in\nthe fields. The badger was also paid for in some places.\n\n    J. K.\n\n  North Wilts.\n\n_Alterius Orbis Papa_ (Vol. iii., p. 497.).--The origin of this title\nis, I think, still open to explanation, and in offering one which I find\nrecorded in Lambard's _Perambulation of Kent_, 1596, pp. 80, 81. I trust\nthe quaint but interesting style of that learned antiquary and historian\nwill be a sufficient excuse to your readers for its insertion at length\n_verbatim et literatim_:\n\n  \"The whole Province of this Bishopricke of Canterbury, was at the\n  first divided by Theodorus (the seventh Bishop) into five Dioceses\n  only: howbeit, in processe of time it grew to twentie and one,\n  besides itselfe, leaving to Yorke (which by the first institution\n  should have had as many as it) but Durham, Carleil, and Chester\n  only. And whereas by the same ordinance of Gregorie, neither of\n  these Archbishops ought to be inferiour to other, save onely in\n  respect of the priority of their consecration, Lanfranc (thinking\n  it good reason that he should make a conquest of the English\n  clergie, since his maister, King William, had vanquished the whole\n  nation), contended at Windsor with Thomas Norman (Archbishop of\n  Yorke) for the primacie, and there (by judgement before Hugo, the\n  Pope's Legate) recovered it from him: so that ever since the one\n  is called _Totius Angli\u00e6 primas_, and the other _Angli\u00e6 primas_,\n  without any further addition. Of which judgement, one (forsooth)\n  hath yielded this great reason: that even as the Kentish people,\n  by an auncient prerogative of manhood, do challenge the first\n  front in each battel, from the Inhabitants of other countries; so\n  the Archbishop of their Shyre, ought by good congruence to be\n  preferred before the rest of the Bishops of the whole Realme.\n  Moreover, whereas before time, the place of this Archbishop in the\n  generall Councell was to sit next to the Bishop of Sainct\n  Ruffines, Anselmus, the successor of this Lanfranc (for recompence\n  of the good service that hee had done, in ruffling against\n  Priests' wives, and resisting the King for the investiture of\n  clerks) was by Pope Urbane endowed with this accession of honour,\n  that he and his Successours should from thencefoorth have place in\n  all generall councels, at the Pope's right foote, who then said\n  withall. 'Includamus hunc in orbe nostro, tanquam alterius orbis\n  Papam.'\"\n\n    FRANCISCUS.\n\n_Dido and \u00c6neas_ (Vol. iv., p. 423.).--I beg leave to transcribe for A.\nA. D. the following passage from the _Faceti\u00e6 Cantabrigiensis_, p. 95.\n(London, Charles Mason, 1836):\n\n  \"Porson observing that he could pun on any subject, a person\n  present defied him to do so on the Latin gerunds, which however he\n  immediately did in the following admirable couplet:\n\n      'When Dido found \u00c6neas would not come,\n      She mourned in silence, and was DI-DO-DUM.'\"\n\nI have also seen these lines attributed to Porson in an old volume of\n_The Mirror_. Of any other authorities I have no knowledge.\n\n    J. S. W.\n\n  Stockwell.\n\n_Compositions during the Protectorate_ (Vol. iv., pp. 406. 490.).--W. H.\nL. suspects that there is an error in the list of these compositions for\nLincolnshire, as given in Oldfield's _History of Wainfleet_, and asks,\n\"Where is there any account or list of these?\" H. F. refers W. H. L. to\na small volume entitled _A Catalogue of the Lords, Knights, and\nGentlemen that have compounded for their Estates_. London, 1655. I have\ncompared Oldfield's list with the reprint of the _Catalogue_ (Chester,\n1733), and find that, with some slight exceptions, they agree. Oldfield,\nhowever, omits the following compositions for Lincolnshire:\n\n                                                    \u00a3   _s._  _d._\n      \"Benson, Clement, of North Kelsey,\n      Gent.                                        120   0     0\n\n      Burcroft, Thomas, late of Waltham,\n      _pro_ Frances and Jane, his sisters           70   0     0\n\n      Dalton, John, late of Barton on\n      _Humber_                                      46   0     0\n\n      Fines, Morris, of Christhead (Kirkstead)      50   0     0\n\n      Leesing, Thomas, of North Somercotes          12   7     6\n\n      Monson, Sir John, of South Carleton         2642   0     0\n\n      Moore, Alexander, of Grantham                350   0     0\n\n      Manson, Sir John, Jun., of North\n      Thorpe                                       133   0     0\n\n      Thorold, Joseph, of Boston, Gent.             96   0     0\n\n      Whichcoat, Edward, of Bishop's Norton,\n      Esq., with 50_l._ per annum\n      settled                                      513   0     0.\"\n\nThere are also a few discrepancies in the amounts of the compositions,\nbut none of any importance.\n\nRoger Adams, the publisher of the edition of the _Catalogue_ printed at\nChester in 1733, says, in the preliminary address to his subscribers,\nthat--\n\n  \"The Catalogue was printed five years before the miserable scene\n  of oppression (by sequestration) closed. To supply the defects of\n  it, I apply'd many ways, first to _Goldsmith's Hall_, where I was\n  told the latter sequestrations were generally imposed; but the\n  haste my friend was in, and some discouragements he met with,\n  rendered this application unsuccessful.\"\n\nThe error which W. H. L. suspects in Oldfield's list, may probably be\ncorrected by application at Goldsmith's Hall.\n\n    P. T.\n\nI was aware of the work, _A Catalogue, &c._, which contains also the\nerror alluded to at p. 406. Will H. F. be so obliging as to say from\nwhat materials that work was compiled, and how the whole business of the\ncompositions was managed? Some part of it was carried on at Goldsmith's\nHall. Evelyn probably alludes to the compositions at p. 311. of vol. i.\nof his _Diary_, edition of 1850.\n\n    W. H. L.\n\n\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nWhen we consider how many indications are still discoverable, by those\nwho know how to look for them, of the influence which the incursions of\nthe Danes and Northmen into Britain have exercised upon our language,\ncustoms, and social and political condition; and that even the most\ncursory glance at the map of these islands will show in so many local\nnames indisputable evidence of Danish occupation--evidence which is\namply confirmed by many of our archaisms or provincialisms, our popular\ncustoms and observances,--when these things are considered, it is\nobvious that a work which should give us the result of these incursions,\nif written by a competent hand, must prove of great and general\ninterest. Just such a book has been issued by Mr. Murray, under the\ntitle of _An Account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland,\nand Ireland_, by J. J. A. Worsaae. All who had the pleasure of making\nMr. Worsaae's acquaintance when he visited this country in 1846-47, were\naware that he possessed two qualifications essentially necessary for the\nproper execution of the task which he had undertaken. For his\narch\u00e6ological acquirements were made patent (even to those who were\nunable to study his various antiquarian publications in Danish and\nGerman) by the English version of his _Prim\u00e6val Antiquities of Denmark_;\nwhile his thorough mastery over our language was such as to enable him\nto pursue his researches into the period of our country's history which\nhe proposed to illustrate, without the slightest let or hindrance. With\na theme, then, which may be considered as novel as it is interesting\n(for it is the first attempt to view the subject _from the Danish\nside_), and with such abilities to do it justice, it is no wonder that\nMr. Worsaae has produced a work which will, we are sure, be found to\npossess the double merit of not only gratifying the antiquary, but also\nof interesting, instructing, and amusing the general reader.\n\nTo form a complete Encyclop\u00e6dia of Classical Antiquity, it was necessary\nthat to the _Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, and of _Greek\nand Roman Biography and Mythology_, should be added a _Dictionary of\nGreek and Roman Geography_. That want is in the course of being\nsupplied. The first Quarterly Part of such a _Dictionary_, called, for\nthe sake of uniformity, \"_of Greek and Roman Geography_,\" but including\neven Scriptural names, and so being in reality a _Dictionary of Ancient\nGeography_, edited by Dr. Smith, written by the principal contributors\nto the former works, and illustrated by numerous woodcuts, has just been\nissued. It equals its predecessors in its claims to the support of all\nstudents and lovers of classical learning; and we know no higher praise.\n\nWe learn from _The Athen\u00e6um_ that Mr. George Stephens, the translator of\nTegner's beautiful epic _Frithiof's Saga_, and whose intimate\nacquaintance with the early literature of Sweden has been shown by the\ncollection of legends of that country which he has edited in conjunction\nwith Hylten-Cavallius, and by the various works superintended by him for\nthe _Svenska Fornskrift-S\u00e4llskapet_, a sort of Stockholm Camden Society,\nhas removed to Copenhagen in consequence of his having been appointed\nProfessor of the English Language and Literature in the University\nthere. The subject of his first course of lectures--to be delivered in\nthe present month--is, Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. After this we shall\nbe quite prepared to hear of a Danish translation of this masterpiece of\nthe Father of English Poetry, as a companion to the recently published\nSwedish translations of Shakspeare.\n\nBOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Rhymed Chronicle of Edward Manlove concerning the\nLiberties and Customs of the Lead Mines within the Wapentake of\nWirksworth, Derbyshire_, &c., edited by Thomas Tapping, Esq. This little\ntract (which with its valuable Glossary, List of Cases, &c., occupies\nbut forty pages) is an extremely curious book; and the manner in which\nit has been edited reflects great credit upon Mr. Tapping.--_Neander's\nGeneral History of the Christian Religion and Church_, vol. vi., forms\nthe new volume of Bohn's _Standard Library_. The same indefatigable\npublisher has issued, as the new volume of his Classical Library, _The\nOdes of Pindar, literally translated into English Prose_, by Dawson W.\nTurner, M.A.; and, as if this was not sufficient, he has added the\n_Metrical Version by the late Abraham Moore_--a translation which he\npronounces, and with great justice, to be distinguished for \"poetry,\nscholarship, and taste.\"\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nJOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (Several\nCopies are wanting, and it is believed that many are lying in London or\nDublin.)\n\nCH. THILLON (DE HALLE) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APOCRYPHES. Leipsic,\n1832.\n\nTHEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED, ETC. 4to. 1726.\n\nA SERMON preached at Fulham in 1810 by the REV. JOHN OWEN of Paglesham,\non the death of Mrs. Prowse, Wicken Park, Northamptonshire (Hatchard).\n\nF\u00dcSSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTR\u00c4GE ZUR ERL\u00c4UTERUNG DER\nKIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES. 5 vols. Zurich,\n1741.\n\n  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,\n  _carriage free_ to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND\n  QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\n_We have to regret being compelled to postpone until next week a\nvaluable communication from the_ REV. JOSEPH MENDHAM _on the_ INDEX\nEXPURGATORIUS.\n\nW. F. S. _will find the subject of_ MORGANATIC MARRIAGES _treated in\nour_ 2nd Vol., pp. 72. 125. 231. 261.\n\nWILHELM, FRANZ ADOLPH, GERMANUS. _A letter will reach the accomplished\nlady to whom our correspondents refer, if addressed to_ 69. _Dean\nStreet, Soho; or Craven Hill Cottage, Bayswater._\n\nD. E. N. _will find the lines_:\n\n      \"Her voice was ever soft, gentle, and low,\n      An excellent thing in woman.\"\n\n_in_ King Lear, Act V. sc. 3.\n\nG. S. M. (Dublin) _will, we think, find all the information of which he\nis in search, in the Rev. J. C. Robertson's_ How shall we Conform to the\nLitany, _of which a new edition has, we believe, recently been published\nby Pickering._\n\nED. S. JACKSON. _We hope to write privately to this correspondent._\n\nSir J. EMERSON TENNENT'S _Reply to_ DN. _reached us at too late a period\nfor insertion in this Number._\n\nJOHN N. BAGNALL _will find his Query replied to in our last_ No. p. 39.\n\nW. P. A. _We hope to be able to give a very satisfactory Reply in a\nshort time._\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED--_Damasked Linen--Cabal--Planets of the Month--Apple\nPie Order--Wyle Cop--Quarter Waggoner--Priory of Hertford--Epigram on\nErasmus, &c., from_ J. R., _Cork--Number of the Children of\nIsrael--Lowey of Tonbridge--Three Estates of the Realm--Richly\ndeserved--Parish Registers--Objective and Subjective--Passage in\nGoldsmith--Conjunction of Planets, &c., from_ A. A. D.--_Lines on the\nBible--Many Children at a Birth--Meaning of Stickle--Head of the\nSaviour, and others, from_ CLERICUS, _Dublin--John of Halifax--Portraits\nof Wolfe--Introduction of Stops, and Lives of the Poets--Preached\nin a Pulpit--Royal Library, &c., from our valued correspondent_\nC.--_They that touch pitch, &c., from_ ESTE--_Marriage Tithe in\nWales--Cockney--Smothering Hydrophobic Patients--Moravian Hymns--Old\nMorm--Age of Trees--New Zealand Legend--Chattes of Hazelle, &c., from_\nJ. K.--_Dictionary of Quotations--Dr. Johnson and Cibber's\nLives--Praed's Charade--Verses on Clarendon._\n\n_Neat Cases for holding the Numbers of_ \"N. & Q.\" _until the completion\nof each Volume are now ready, price_ 1_s._ 6_d._, _and may be had by\norder of all booksellers and newsmen._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them\nto their Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n\n\n\nJust published, 18mo. cloth, with Wood Engravings, price 2_s._\n\n  JOURNAL of the BISHOP of COLOMBO through a PORTION of his DIOCESE:\n  including an Account of the First Episcopal Visit to the Islands\n  of Mauritius and the Sechelles, from February to September 1850.\n\n  In fcp. 8vo. price 1_s._ 6_d._ with a New Map of the Bishop's\n  Route.\n\n\nJOURNAL of the BISHOP of CAPETOWN'S VISITATION TOUR in 1850.\n\n  The Journal herein recorded occupied nine months and was performed\n  mostly in a waggon or on foot, through the Karroo, the Orange\n  Sovereignty, British Kaffraria, and the Eastern Province. The\n  above, with the Bishop's Journal of 1848, in One Volume, cloth,\n  price 36s.\n\n  Fcp. 8vo. cloth, sewed, price 2_s._; cloth, gilt edges 2_s._ 6_d._\n\n\nVERSES for 1851; in Commemoration of the Third Jubilee of the Society\nfor the Propagation of the Gospel. Edited by the Rev. ERNEST HAWKINS.\n\n  Fcp. 8vo. with Wood Engravings, price 5_s._ cloth.\n\n\nINDIAN MISSIONS in GUIANA. By the Rev. W. H. BRELL.\n\n  \"A publication like this is peculiarly well-timed at the moment\n  when the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel is celebrating\n  its Jubilee. The volume before us will tell the nature of the work\n  which is being quietly done by the missionaries of this Society in\n  foreign parts. There is an immensity of much interesting detail\n  throughout this volume, and we trust it may obtain a wide\n  circulation.\"--_English Review._\n\n\nTHE GOSPEL MISSIONARY: a Magazine of Missionary and Colonial\nIntelligence, addressed chiefly to the Humbler Members of our\nCongregations and the Children of our Schools. Published Monthly, price\nOne Half-penny.\n\n  Vol. I., containing Nos. 1. to 12. neatly bound in cloth, is now\n  ready, price 1_s._\n\n  Country Subscribers are requested to order through their\n  Booksellers.\n\n  Published for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, by\n  GEORGE BELL. 186. Fleet Street, London.\n\n\nIRISH ETHNOLOGY SOCIALLY AND POLITICALLY CONSIDERED; embracing a General\nOutline of the Celtic and Saxon Races, with Practical Inferences. By\nGEORGE ELLIS, M.B., T.C.D. Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons,\nIreland.\n\n  Dublin: HODGES & SMITH.\n\n  London: HAMILTON, ADAMS & CO.\n\n\nSecond edition, 12mo., cloth 3_s._, with Illustrations.\n\n  THE BELL, its Origin, History, and Uses. By the Rev. ALFRED GATTY,\n  Vicar of Ecclesfield.\n\n  \"A new and revised edition of a very varied, learned, and amusing\n  essay on the subject of bells.\"--_Spectator._\n\n  GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nVols. I. and II. now ready.\n\n  Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6s. each.\n\n  GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES. A series of Fifteen Tales. By\n  MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in One Shilling Books, each\n  containing a complete Story.\n\n  Vol. I. Price 6_s._\n\n      Tale I. PORTIA: THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT.\n      Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER.\n      Tale III. HELENA: THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN.\n      Tale IV. DESDEMONA; THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD.\n      Tale V. MEG AND ALICE; THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR.\n\n      Vol. II. Price 6_s._\n\n      Tale VI. ISABELLA; THE VOTARESS.\n      Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA; THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.\n      Tale VIII. OPHELIA; THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.\n      Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA; THE FRIENDS.\n      Tale X. JULIET; THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.\n\n      Vol. III. (In progress.)\n\n      Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO; THE COUSINS.\n      Tale XII. OLIVIA; THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.\n\n  SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court.\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n      H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.\n      William Cabell, Esq.\n      T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.\n      G. Henry Drew, Esq.\n      William Evans, Esq.\n      William Freeman, Esq.\n      F. Fuller, Esq.\n      J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.\n      T. Grissell, Esq.\n      James Hunt, Esq.\n      J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.\n      E. Lucas, Esq.\n      James Lys Seager, Esq.\n      J. Basley White, Esq.\n      Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._\n\n      W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.\n      L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.\n      George Drew, Esq.\n\n      _Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P., Solicitor-General.\n      _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n      _Bankers._--Messrs. 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No public\n  library ought to be without it.\n\n\nTHE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral tradition.\nEdited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with 38 Designs by W.\nB. Scott. 4_s._ 6_d._ cloth.\n\n\nPOPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations: a Sequel\nto \"The Nursery Rhymes of England.\" Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Royal\n18mo. 4_s._ 6_d._\n\n\nHOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary Introduction\nby an Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 51 Engravings, being the most\naccurate copies ever executed of these gems of Art, and a Frontispiece\nof an Ancient Bedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with a Dance of Death carved\non it, engraved by Fairholt, cloth, 9_s._\n\n  \"The designs are executed with a spirit and fidelity quite\n  extraordinary. They are indeed most truthful.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\n\nFACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS. By W.\nA. CHATTO, Author of \"Jackson's History of Wood Engraving,\" in one\nhandsome vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and\ncoloured, cloth, 1_l._ 1_s._\n\n  \"It is exceedingly amusing.\"--_Atlas._\n\n  \"Curious, entertaining, and really learned book.\"--_Rambler._\n\n  \"Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest\n  approbation.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n  \"A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even\n  to persons who never play at cards.\"--_Tait's Mag._\n\n\nA DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases,\nProverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the reign of Edward I. By JAMES\nORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S., F.S.A., &c., 2 vols. 8vo. containing upwards\nof 1,000 pages, closely printed in double columns, cloth. 1_l._ 1_s._\n\n  It contains about 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered\n  Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the\n  reading of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians,\n  and other authors, whose works abound with allusions, of which\n  explanations are not to be found in ordinary Dictionaries and\n  books of reference. Most of the principal Archaisms are\n  illustrated by examples selected from early inedited MSS. and rare\n  books, and by far the greater portion will be found to be original\n  authorities.\n\n\nA DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON. intended as a first Class-book in the\nLanguage. By the Rev. W. BARNES. of St. John's College, Cambridge,\nauthor of the Poems and Glossary in the Dorset dialect. 12mo. cloth,\n2_s._ 6_d._\n\n  \"To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own\n  native English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is\n  indispensable; and we have never seen an introduction better\n  calculated than the present to supply the want of a beginner in a\n  short space of time. The declensions and conjugations are well\n  stated, and illustrated by references to the Greek, Latin, French,\n  and other languages. A philosophical spirit pervades every part.\n  The Delectus consists of short pieces on various subjects, with\n  extracts from Anglo-Saxon History and the Saxon Chronicle. There\n  is a good Glossary at the end.\"--_Athen\u00e6um, Oct. 20, 1819._\n\n\nGUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose, for\nthe Use of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth, 5_s._\n6_d._\n\n  This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or to those well\n  versed in other languages.\n\n\nBOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY.\n8vo. closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12_s._\n\n  \"This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost\n  an entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a\n  very moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in\n  the former expensive edition, with a great accession of new words\n  and matter.\"--_Author's Preface._\n\n\nANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from Anglo-Saxon\nLiterature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay, and Notes, critical\nand explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the University of Giessen, 2\nthick vols. post 8vo. cloth. 12_s._ (original price 18_s._)\n\n\nA LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick Books,\nMS. and Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo. pp. 240,\nhalf-bound in morocco, 6_s._\n\n        ----Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old,\n      Now cheaply bought for thrice their weight in gold.\n\n\nBIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA; a Bibliographical Account of the Music and\nPoetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth\nCenturies, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets, Ayres, Canzonets, &c.\nBy DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5_s._\n\n\nCONSUETUDINES KANCI\u00c6. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable\nCustoms in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A.\n(Cantianus), illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume, 8vo.\ncloth, 15_s._\n\n\nBRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ROMAN\nWALL FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and 194 woodcuts,\nhalf morocco, 1_l._ 1_s._\n\n\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, January 17., 1852.\n\n\n\n\n[Transcriber's Note: List of volumes and content pages in \"Notes and\nQueries\", Vol. I.-V.]\n\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |\n      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |\n      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |\n      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |\n      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |\n      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |\n      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |\n      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |\n      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |\n      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |\n      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |\n      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |\n      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |\n      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |\n      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |\n      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |\n      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |\n      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |\n      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |\n      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |\n      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |\n      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |\n      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |\n      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |\n      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |\n      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |\n      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |\n      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |\n      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |\n      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |\n      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |\n      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |\n      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |\n      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |\n      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |\n      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |\n      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |\n      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |\n      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |\n      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |\n      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |\n      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |\n      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |\n      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |\n      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |\n      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |\n      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |\n      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |\n      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |\n      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |\n      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |\n      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |\n      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |\n      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |\n      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |\n      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |\n      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |\n      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |\n      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |\n      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |\n      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |\n      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |\n      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |\n      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  88 | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  89 | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  90 | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  91 | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  92 | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  93 | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  94 | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  95 | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  96 | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851      | 305-333 | PG # 38926 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov.  1, 1851      | 337-358 | PG # 39076 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov.  8, 1851      | 361-374 | PG # 39091 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851      | 377-396 | PG # 39135 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851      | 401-414 | PG # 39197 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851      | 417-430 | PG # 39233 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec.  6, 1851      | 433-460 | PG # 39338 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851      | 465-478 | PG # 39393 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851      | 481-494 | PG # 39438 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 113 | Dec. 27, 1851      | 497-510 | PG # 39503 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. V.                                   |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         |  Pages  | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. V  No. 114 | January  3, 1852   |   1-18  | PG # 40171 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 115 | January 10, 1852   |  25-45  | PG # 40582 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |\n      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |\n      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |\n      | INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851    | PG # 40166 |\n      +------------------------------------------------+------------+","title":"Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 116, January 17, 1852: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":24133}