{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_40678/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_40678","id":"gutenberg_40678","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40678","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Archaeology & Anthropology","Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Other","Category: Language & Communication","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been\nstandardized. _Underscores_ have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts.\nSome Hebrew or Chaldee words may not be shown in an adequate way in this\nversion. A list of volumes and pages in \"Notes and Queries\" has been\nadded at the end.]\n\n\nNOTES and QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION\n\nFOR\n\nLITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\nVOL. V.--No. 117. SATURDAY, JANUARY 24. 1852.\n\nPrice Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n                                                                Page\n\n\n      NOTES:--\n\n      The Pantheon at Paris                                       73\n\n      Churchill the Poet                                          74\n\n      English Medals: William III. and Grandval, by W. D.\n      Haggard                                                     75\n\n      Readings in Shakspeare, No. I.                              75\n\n      Folk Lore:--Salting a New-born Infant--Lent\n      Crocking--Devonshire Superstition respecting Still-born\n      Children                                                    76\n\n      Goldsmith's Pamphlet on the Cock Lane Ghost, by Jas.\n      Crossley                                                    77\n\n      Minor Notes:--Traditions of remote Periods through\n      few Links--Preservation of Life at Sea--Epigram             77\n\n      QUERIES:--\n\n      Minor Queries--Count Konigsmark--\"O Leoline!\n      be absolutely just\"--Lyte Family--Sir Walter Raleigh's\n      Snuff-box--\"Poets beware\"--Guanahani, or Cat\n      Island--Wiggan, or Utiggan, an Oxford Student--Prayers\n      for the Fire of London--Donkey--French and\n      Italian Degrees--The Shadow of the Tree of\n      Life--Sun-dials--Nouns always printed with Capital\n      Initials--John of Padua--St. Kenelm--Church                 78\n\n      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Hieroglyphics of Vagrants\n      and Criminals--Muggleton and Reeve--Rev. T. Adams--The\n      Archbishop of Spalatro--Bishop Bridgeman--Rouse,\n      the Scottish Psalmist--\"Count Cagliostro, or the\n      Charlatan, a Tale of the Reign of Louis XVI.\"--Churchyard\n      Well and Bath                                               79\n\n      REPLIES:--\n\n      Collars of SS.                                              81\n\n      On the First, Final, and Suppressed Volume of the only\n      Expurgatory Index of Rome, by the Rev. J. Mendham           82\n\n      The First Paper-mill in England, and Paper-mill near\n      Stevenage, by A. Grayan                                     83\n\n      The Pendulum Demonstration                                  84\n\n      The Cross and the Crucifix, by Sir J. Emerson Tennent       85\n\n      Yankee Doodle, by C. H. Cooper                              86\n\n      Perpetual Lamp                                              87\n\n      Kibroth Hattavah and Wady Mokatteb: Num. xi. 26.\n      critically examined, by Moses Margoliouth                   87\n\n      Replies to Minor Queries:--\"Theophania\"--Royal\n      Library--Reichenbach's Ghosts--Marriage Tithe in\n      Wales--Paul Hoste--John of Halifax--Age of Trees--\"Mirabilis\n      Liber\"--C\u00e6sarius, &c.--Tripos--\"Please the Pigs\"--Basnet\n      Family--Serjeants' Rings--\"Crowns have their Compass\"--Hell\n      paved with the Skulls of Priests--Cooper's Miniature of\n      Cromwell--King Street Theatre--Groom, Meaning of--Schola\n      Cordis, &c.                                                 88\n\n      MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      94\n\n      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                94\n\n      Notices to Correspondents                                   94\n\n      Advertisements                                              95\n\n\n\n\nNotes.\n\n\nTHE PANTHEON AT PARIS.\n\nAmong the circumstances which have attracted notice in the remarkable\nevents of the present French revolution, the restoration of the\n_Panth\u00e9on_ to its primitive ecclesiastical name and destination has been\nspecially adverted to, and certainly not without reason from its\nimplied--indeed, its obvious purpose,--that of propitiating the feelings\nand courting the adhesion at least of the agricultural population of the\ncountry to the new order of things; for, indifferent as Paris, with\nother cities, may be to religious sentiments or practice, the\nunsophisticated inhabitants of the provinces still conscientiously\npursue the forms and exercise the duties of their long-established\nworship. No surer means of obtaining their suffrages could have been\nadopted by the French President than by gaining the favour of the parish\npriests, whose influence is necessarily paramount on such occasions over\ntheir flocks.\n\nIn the accounts which have appeared in our journals of the Pantheon and\nits varied fate, several errors and deficiencies having struck me, I beg\nleave briefly to correct and supply both, with your permission, by a\ngeneral history of the beautiful edifice.\n\nThe church dedicated to St. Genevi\u00e8ve, patroness of Paris, originally\nbegun by Clovis, and finished by his widow, St. Clotilda, in the sixth\ncentury (see Butler's _Lives of Saints_, January 3rd, and June 3rd), had\nfallen into decay, when Louis XV. determined to construct one near it,\nupon a large and magnificent scale. Designs presented by the eminent\narchitect Soufflot were adopted, and on the 6th of September, 1764, the\nking, as stated by Galignani and others, laid the first stone. But\nscarcely had it emerged from the foundation, when the wide-spreading\nimpiety of the age made it probable that it would eventually be diverted\nto uses wholly at variance with its destined purpose, and so the\nfollowing lines foretold so long since as 1777; and never has prediction\nbeen more literally in many respects, and for a considerable time more\ncompletely, fulfilled:--\n\n      \"Templum augustum, ingens, regin\u00e2 assurgit in urbe,\n        Urbe et patron\u00e2 virgine digna domus,\n      Tarda nimis pietas vanos moliris honores!\n        Non sunt h\u00e6c, Virgo, factis digna tuis.\n      Ante Deo summ\u00e2 quam templum extruxeris urbe,\n        Impietas templis tollet et urbe Deum.\"\n\nThe French translation thus impressively renders the sense:--\n\n      \"Il s'\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 Paris un temple auguste, immense,\n      Digne de Genevi\u00e8ve et des voeux de la France.\n      Tardive pi\u00e9t\u00e9! dans ce si\u00e8cle pervers,\n      Tu pr\u00e9pares en vain des monumens divers.\n      Avant qu'il soit fini ce temple magnifique,\n      Les saints et Dieu seront proscrits,\n      Par la secte philosophique\n      Et des temples et de Paris.\"\n\nIn the original pediment, since altered by the sculptor David (of\nAngers), a bas-relief represented a cross in the midst of clouds; and on\nthe plinth was the following inscription:--\n\n      \"D. O. M. SUB INVOC. ST\u00c6. GENOVEF\u00c6--LUD. XV. DICAVIT,\"\n\nwhich, in 1791, when a decree of the National Assembly appropriated this\nmonument of religion to the reception of the remains of illustrious\nFrenchmen, was changed to--\n\n      \"AUX GRANDS HOMMES LA PATRIE RECONNAISSANTE.\"\n\nOn the restoration of the Bourbons, and of the edifice to its first\npurpose, the Latin inscription resumed its place, with the addition of\n\"LUD. XVIII. RESTITUIT,\" which, however, again gave way to the French\nepigraph after the revolution of 1830, still probably to be retained,\nwhile accompanied with a due reference to the sanctified patroness of\nthe church.\n\nThe French inscription was the happy thought of M. Pastoret, one of the\nfew Academicians that embraced at its origin the principles of the\nRevolution, which he followed through its varying phases, until he\nattained an advanced age. The first mortuary deposit in the Pantheon was\nthat of Mirabeau, in August, 1791; and, on the 30th May ensuing, the\nanniversary of the death of Voltaire, \"L'Assembl\u00e9e Nationale d\u00e9clara cet\n\u00e9crivain le lib\u00e9rateur de la pens\u00e9e, et digne de recevoir les honneurs\nd\u00e9cern\u00e9es aux grands hommes,\" &c. On the 27th August following, a\nsimilar distinction was decreed to J. J. Rousseau; but in January, 1822,\nthe tombs of these apostles of incredulity were removed, until replaced\nin 1830. In July, 1793, the monster Marat was inhumed there, \"amidst the\ndeepest lamentations and mournful expressions of regret for the loss\nsustained by the country in the death of the most valued of her\ncitizens,\" whose corpse, however, on the 8th February, 1795, was torn\nfrom its cerements and flung, with every mark of ignominy, into the\nfilth of the sewer of Montmartre. In the vicissitudes of popular favour\neven Mirabeau's effigy was burned in 1793. Such have been the\nalternations and ever-recurring contests in the feelings and principles\nof the ascendant parties--\n\n      \"Et velut \u00e6terno certamine pr\u00e6lia pugnasque\n      Edere, turmatim certantia; nec dare pausam,\n      Conciliis et discidiis exercita crebris.\"\n\n      _Lucret._ ii. 117.\n\nThe cost of this beautiful edifice may be estimated at about a million\nsterling, or, taking into consideration the difference in the value of\nmoney at the periods, one-third of what was expended on our cathedral of\nSt. Paul. The architect of this and other noble monuments of art, Jean\nGermain Soufflot, born in 1704, died in August, 1781, the victim, it is\nsaid, of the jealousy of his rival artists, whose malignant attacks on\nhis works and fame made too deep an impression on his sensitive\nfeelings, though supported in this trial of his moral fortitude by his\nmost intimate friend and director, that genuine philanthropist, the\nfather and institutor of the _Deaf and dumb_,--the Abb\u00e9 de l'Ep\u00e9e, in\nwhose arms he died. No one it has been observed, was more justly\nentitled to have the achievement of his genius invoked, as our Wren's\nhas been, and indicated to the inquirer, as the fit repository of his\nmortal remains. He did not, however, live to contemplate the completed\nstructure. The sculptor David, who has embellished the pediment with\nnumerous statues, is now a refugee in Brussels, possibly the relative,\nbut certainly the political inheritor of his great namesake's\nultra-revolutionary sentiments, the eminent painter, I mean, and _\u00e2me\ndamn\u00e9e_, as he was called, of Robespierre, an exile, too, in Belgium for\nmany years.\n\nThe epitaph above referred to of Sir Christopher Wren, under the choir\nof St. Paul, celebrated as it rightly is, for its appropriate\napplication (\"Subtus conditur hujus Ecclesi\u00e6 Conditor ... Lector, si\nmonumentum qu\u00e6ris, circumspice\"), does not appear, I may add, to have\nbeen a primary, or original thought, for it was long preceded by one of\nsomewhat suggestive and similar tenor in the old church of the Jesuits,\nnow in ruins, at Lisbon (St. Jose). \"Hoc mausol\u00e6o condita est\nIllustrissima D.D. Philippa D. Comes (Countess) de Linhares--Cujus,\nsi ... pietatem et munificientiam qu\u00e6ris, hoc Templum aspice\"--Obiit\nMDCIII. This date is long anterior to our great architect's birth\n(1631), and above a century prior to his death in 1723, while, again,\nthe epitaph was not inscribed for several subsequent years.\n\n    J. R. (Cork.)\n\n\nCHURCHILL THE POET.\n\nMr. Tooke, in the biographical notice prefixed to the new edition, says\nthat Churchill was educated at Westminster school, and at the age of\nfifteen--\n\n  \"Became a candidate for admission [on the foundation], and went in\n  head of the election.... At the age of eighteen he stood for a\n  fellowship at Merton College ... when being opposed by candidates\n  of superior age, he was not chosen.... He quitted Westminster\n  school; and there is a story current, that _about this period_ he\n  incurred a repulse at Oxford on account of alleged deficiency in\n  the classics, which is obviously incorrect, as there is no such\n  examination or matriculation in our Universities as could lead to\n  his rejection. In point of fact, long before he was nineteen, he\n  was admitted of Trinity College, Cambridge. It is equally certain\n  that he met with some slight or indignity at Cambridge, from\n  whence he returned immediately after his admission, disgusted at\n  the treatment he experienced, which he afterwards visited on both\n  universities.\"\n\nThere is an obvious confusion here which perhaps I can clear up.\n\nI need not say, to those who know anything of Westminster, and of the\nold system of examination at our Universities, that a youth who entered\ncollege, as it is called, head of an election was qualified, at the\ntime, not merely to have entered the University, but to have taken a\ndegree, had age and circumstances permitted; and this opinion is\nconfirmed in Churchill's case, by his standing for a fellowship at\nMerton when only in his \"second election\"--second year on the\nfoundation--at Westminster. How to reconcile this with the stories\ncurrent is the apparent difficulty, and yet a few words will, I think,\nmake it all clear. There is what is called an \"election\" every year,\nfrom the senior boys on the foundation at Westminster, to scholarships\nat Christchurch, Oxford, and Trinity, Cambridge. As the scholarships at\nOxford are understood to be worth three or four times as much as those\nat Cambridge, all are anxious to obtain an Oxford scholarship. The\nelection is professedly made after examination; but while I knew\nanything of the school it was _selection_ according to interest, and it\nmust have been rare scholarship indeed that obtained the reward against\nprivate interest. Herein, I take it, was the repulse Churchill met with,\nnot _at_ Oxford, but as a candidate _for_ Oxford. I have little doubt\nthat with all his merit, proved by the prior election into college, he\nwas put off with a Trinity scholarship; and it was not, probably, until\nhe arrived at Cambridge that he clearly understood its exact no-value.\nHe then saw that it was impossible to maintain himself there for three\nyears--he had already imprudently married, and therefore resolved to\nstruggle for himself, and rely on his father's interest to get ordained,\nand at the proper age he succeeded in getting ordained.\n\n    C. P.\n\n\nENGLISH MEDALS.--WILLIAM III. AND GRANDVAL.\n\nIn \"N. & Q.\", (Vol. iv., p. 497.), S. H. alludes to the case of\nGrandval, who was to attempt the life of King William, and likewise to\nthe plot to assassinate him four years afterwards. In my collection of\nmedals relating to English history, I have two silver medals struck to\ncommemorate these events. I beg to send you a description of them for\ninsertion, if you consider them of sufficient interest.\n\nNo. I.--Bust to the right; flowing hair and ample drapery: legend,\n\"WILHELMINUS III., D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRANC. ET HIB. REX.\" Reverse, a\nmonument, or pedestal, on the top of which is the naked body of\nGrandval, and a man about to dissect it; on each side is a fire-pot, to\nburn the entrails, and pikes, on which the head and four quarters are\nstuck; between two pikes, on the right, is a gibbet. An inscription in\nLatin is on the pedestal to this effect:\n\n  \"Bartholomew de Grandval, a murderer, bribed by the money of\n  Louis, convicted of parricide, and suffered the most severe\n  punishment for having attempted to assassinate William III., King\n  of Great Britain; his head and quarters exposed to be a frightful\n  monument of his sacrilege, and of the perfidy of the French.\"\n\nExergue: \"XIII. Aug'st 1692.\"\n\nNo. II.--Bust to the right; flowing hair: legend, \"WILHELMUS III., D. G.\nMAG. BRIT. FRANC. ET HIB. REX;\" the breast and shoulders covered by half\nof a shield, on which is written in Hebrew characters the name\n\"Jehovah,\" and round it, in Latin, thus \"He whom I shield is safe.\"\nReverse: Six women, emblematical of Conspiracy, armed with daggers,\nsnakes, and torches, in dancing attitudes, ready to attempt the king's\nlife, and are withheld by cords issuing from a cloud, held by an\ninvisible hand, which encircle their necks and faces. The legend is to\nthis effect: \"An invisible hand withholds them.\" Exergue: \"1696, Boskam\nF.\"\n\n    W. D. HAGGARD.\n\n  Bullion Office, Bank of England.\n\n\nREADINGS IN SHAKSPEARE, NO. I.\n\n      \"In the most high and palmy state of Rome,\n      A little ere the mightiest Julius fell,\n      The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead\n      Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets;\n      As stars with trains of fire and dews of blood,\n      Disasters in the sun; and the moist star,\n      Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands,\n      Was pale almost to dooms-day with eclipse.\"\n\n      _Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 1.\n\nSuch is the present state of the text; and notwithstanding its evident\ncorruption, it has been judiciously preferred by modern editors to the\nvarious emendations and additions which, even to the manufacture of a\ncomplete line alleged to be deficient, had been unscrupulously made in\nit.\n\nBut the slight change I now wish to propose, in the substance of one\nword, and in the received sense of another, carries such entire\nconviction to my own mind of accordance with the genuine intention of\nShakspeare, that I may perhaps be pardoned if I speak of it with less\nhesitation than generally ought to accompany such suggestions,\nparticularly as I do not arrogate to myself its sole merit, but freely\nrelinquish to Malone so much of it as is his due.\n\nWith Malone however the suggestion, such as it was, appears to have been\nbut a random guess, abandoned as soon as formed, and avowedly prompted\nby very different considerations from those that have actuated me. That\nhe should have been on the very brink, as it were, of the true reading,\nand yet fail to discover it, is only to be accounted for by his\nsubjection to that besetting sin of the day which denied to Shakspeare\nall philological knowledge except what he might derive through his own\nlanguage.\n\nIn order to give Malone strict justice, I shall transcribe his\nsuggestion, together with the comment by which Steevens appears to have\nstifled it in the birth:--\n\n  \"The disagreeable recurrence of the word stars in the second line\n  induces me to believe that As stars, in that which precedes, is a\n  corruption. Perhaps Shakspeare wrote:--\n\n      _Astres_ with trains of fire--\n            ----and dews of blood\n      _Disasterous_ dimm'd the sun.\n\n  The word _astre_ is used in an old collection of poems entitled\n  _Diana_, addressed to the Earl of Oxenforde, a book of which I\n  know not the date, but believe it was printed about 1580. In\n  _Othello_ we have _antres_, a word of exactly a similar\n  formation.\"--_Malone._\n\n  \"The word _astre_ (which is nowhere else to be found) was\n  affectedly taken from the French by John Southern, author of the\n  poems cited by Mr. Malone. This wretched plagiarist stands\n  indebted both for his verbiage and his imagery to\n  Ronsard.\"--_Steevens._\n\nHence, according to Malone's own account, the consideration by which\n_he_ was led to the suggestion of \"astres\" was \"the disagreeable\nrecurrence of _stars_ in the second line.\"\n\nHe did not perceive the analogy between _aster_ and _disaster_, which\nrenders a verbal antithesis of these two words so extremely probable\nwith Shakspeare!--he did not apparently think of \"asters\" at all,\nalthough that word is so close to the text that it may be almost said to\nbe identical with it; and, notwithstanding that \"aster\" had been so long\nfamiliarised in every English garden as to be literally under his nose,\nhe must search out \"astre\" in obscure and contemptible ballads, in order\nthat Shakspeare might be sanctioned in the use of it.\n\nBut it is absolutely incredible that any person to whom _astre_\nsuggested itself should not also be reminded of _aster_. The conclusion\ntherefore is almost unavoidable, that Malone and Steevens considered the\nlatter word as too learned for poor Shakspeare's small acquirements.\nThey would not trust him, even for a synonyme to star, unless under the\npatronage of John Southern!\n\nAt least such was the spirit in which too many of the commentators of\nthat day presumed to treat Shakspeare,--him to whom, if to any mortal,\nhis own beautiful language is applicable--\n\n      \"How noble in reason! how infinite in faculty!\n      In apprehension how like a god!\"\n\nLet us be thankful we have fallen to better times.\n\nIt is only by the occurrence of such difficulties as the present, which,\nafter remaining so long obscure, are at last only resolvable by\npresupposing in Shakspeare a depth of knowledge far exceeding that of\nhis triflers, that his wonderful and almost mysterious attainments are\nbeginning to be appreciated.\n\nIn the present case he must not only have known that the fundamental\nmeaning of _aster_ is a spot of light[1], but he must also have taken\ninto consideration the power of _dis_ in producing an absolute reversal\nin the meaning of the word to which it may be prefixed. Thus, _service_\nis a benefit, _disservice_ is an injury, while _unservice_ (did such a\nword exist) would be a negative mean between the two extremes.\nSimilarly, if _aster_ signify a spot of light, a name singularly\nappropriate to a comet, _disaster_[2] must, by reversal, be a _spot of\ndarkness_, and \"_disasters in the sun_\" no other than what we should\ncall spots or macul\u00e6 upon his disk.\n\n  [Footnote 1: \u1f08\u03c3\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1, ab \u1f04\u03c9, luceo.]\n\n  [Footnote 2: \u1f08\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, obscurus.]\n\nCan there remain a doubt, therefore, that Shakspeare intended the\npassage to read as follows, which, requiring neither addition nor\nalteration of the text as transmitted to us--saving one slight change of\n\"as stars\" into \"asters,\"--must be perfectly intelligible to every\nreader, especially if accompanied by the simple note of explanation\nwhich I subjoin to it:--\n\n      \"In the most high and palmy state of Rome,\n      A little ere the mightiest Julius fell,\n      The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead\n      Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets\n      Asters with trains of fire and dews of blood,\n      Disasters in the sun[3], and the moist star\n      Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands,\n      Was sick almost to dooms-day with eclipse.\"\n\n  [Footnote 3: Spots or blotches.]\n\n    A. E. B.\n\n  Leeds.\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Salting a New-born Infant._--In Ezekiel xvi. 4 we read, \"In the day\nthou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water\nto supple thee; _thou wast not salted at all_, nor swaddled at all.\"\nSalting seems to be spoken of as a regular part of the process which a\nnew-born child underwent amongst the Jews in the days of Ezekiel. Can\nany one give me information on this point? Can the salt in baptism\nalluded to by SELEUCUS (Vol. iv., p. 163.) have any connexion with this\npassage?\n\n    ALFRED GATTY.\n\n_Lent Crocking._--The children in this neighbourhood have a custom of\ngoing round to the different houses in the parish, on the Monday before\nShrove Tuesday, generally by twos and threes, and chanting the following\nverses, by way of extracting from the inmates sundry contributions of\neggs, flour, butter, halfpence, &c., to furnish out the Tuesday's feast:\n\n      \"Lent Crock, give a pancake,\n      Or a fritter, for my labour,\n      Or a dish of flour, or a piece of bread,\n      Or what you please to render.\n      I see by the latch,\n      There's something to catch;\n      I see by the string,\n      There's a good dame within.\n      Trap, trapping throw,\n      Give me my mumps, and I'll be go\" [gone].\n\nThe above is the most popular version, and the one indigenous to the\nplace; but there is another set, which was introduced some few years ago\nby a late schoolmistress, who was a native of another part of the\ncounty, where her version was customary:\n\n      \"Shrove-tide is nigh at hand,\n        And we are come a-shroving;\n      Pray, Dame, give something,\n        An apple, or a dumpling,\n      Or a piece of crumple cheese,\n        Of your own making;\n      Or a piece of pancake.\n      Trip, trapping, throw;\n      Give me my mumps, and I'll be go.\"\n\n    PHILIP HEDGELAND.\n\n  Bridestowe, Okehampton.\n\n_Devonshire Superstition respecting Still-born Children._--One of the\nCommissioners of Devonport complaining last week that a charge of one\nshilling and sixpence should have been made upon the parish authorities\nfor the grave and interment of a still-born child, said, \"When I was a\nyoung man it was thought lucky to have a still-born child put into any\nopen grave, as it was considered to be a sure passport to heaven for the\nnext person buried there.\" Query, Is this prejudice still common?\n\n    R. R.\n\n\nGOLDSMITH'S PAMPHLET ON THE COCK LANE GHOST.\n\nMr. Prior (_Life of Goldsmith_, vol. i. p. 387.) gives the copy of a\nreceipt dated March 5, 1762, for three guineas paid by Newbery to\nGoldsmith for a pamphlet respecting the Cock Lane ghost, and suggests\nthat a pamphlet advertised in the _Public Advertiser_ of February 22,\n1762, under the title of--\n\n  \"The Mystery Revealed, containing a Series of Transactions and\n  Authentic Memorials respecting the Supposed Cock Lane Ghost.\n  Printed for W. Bristow in St. Paul's Church Yard;\"\n\nbut which Mr. Prior had not been able to meet with, might possibly be\nthe pamphlet purchased by Newbery, as he had occasional connexion with\nBristow, his neighbour.\n\nI have a copy of the pamphlet in question which indeed, as far as I can\nfind, is the only one published at the time which can at all answer to\nthe description of the one sold by Newbery. On a careful examination I\nam disposed to attribute it to Goldsmith. It contains thirty-four pages,\nand gives a full narrative of this extraordinary imposture. The\nbeginning and conclusion, though evidently written in haste, are not\nwithout marks of Goldsmith's serious and playful manner. The amount paid\nseems to agree with Newbery's general scale of remuneration to\nGoldsmith, the length of the pamphlet being considered; and the types\nemployed appear to be similar to those used in some of Newbery's\npublications at the same period. On the whole I consider that in a new\nedition of Goldsmith's works this pamphlet, which is additionally\ninteresting, as a record of a famous imposture, ought to find a place.\n\n    JAS. CROSSLY.\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Traditions of remote Periods through few Links_ (Vol. iv., p.\n484.).--One evening, very soon after his accession, George IV. said that\nhe had done that morning an extraordinary thing, namely given (to Lord\nMoira) _a garter_ which had been but once disposed of since the reign of\nCharles II. This, considering that men (except in royal cases) never\nobtain the garter when under age, and seldom till they are somewhat\nadvanced in life, seemed surprising; but his Majesty thus explained it.\nCharles II. gave the garter to the Duke of Somerset in 1684; the duke\ndied at the end of 1748, and (Frederic, Prince of Wales, being alive)\nhis son, afterwards George III., received, a few days after, the vacant\ngarter as an _ordinary knight_, and though he subsequently became\nsovereign, he always dated his rank in the Order from 1749; and when\nGeorge IV. succeeded as sovereign, his own stall, which was in fact that\nof George III., was filled by Lord Moira. Thus it is certainly true that\ntwo knights of the garter occupied the whole period between the reigns\nof Charles II. and George IV.\n\nI may add on this same topic of tradition, that I had a grand-uncle born\nearly in the reign of Queen Anne, who was intimate with Pope, Swift, and\nArbuthnot, from 1730 to their respective deaths; he used to tell me\nanecdotes of their society, about which I was, I dare say, at the age of\nsixteen or seventeen, old enough to propose _Queries_, but not to make\n_Notes_, which I much regret.\n\n    C.\n\n_Preservation of Life at Sea._--On the road between Yarmouth and\nGorleston is a small obelisk or monument, with a device of a ship in a\nstorm, a rocket with a rope attached just passing over it. The\ninscription on it may interest some of your readers:\n\n          \"In commemoration of the\n      12th Feb. 1808, on which DAY,\n        directly eastward of this spot,\n      the FIRST LIFE was saved from\n        SHIPWRECK, by means of a rope\n          attach'd to a shot propelled\n          by the force of gunpowder\n          over the stranded vessel.\n          A method now universally\n        adopted, and to which at least\n      1000 sailors of different nations\n          owe their preservation.\n                  1842.\"\n\n    W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\n_Epigram_--written in consequence of Queen Elizabeth having dined on\nboard Sir Francis Drake's ship, on his return from circumnavigating the\nglobe:\n\n      \"Oh Nature! to old England still\n        Continue these mistakes;\n      Give us for all our _Kings_ such _Queens_,\n        And for our _Dux_ such _Drakes_.\"\n\n    CLERICUS (D).\n\n\n\n\nQueries.\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Count Konigsmark._--Horace Walpole, in his _Reminiscences_, says\ndistinctly that Count Konigsmark, the admirer of the ill-fated Princess\nSophia Dorothea of Zelle, was the same person as the instigator of Mr.\nThynne's assassination. Sir E. Brydges, in his edition of Collins's\n_Peerage_, on the other hand, calls them brothers. Which of these\nwriters is correct? The fact may not be important otherwise than as\ngiving us an instance (if Walpole be correct) of the righteous judgment\nof heaven in visiting a murderer with such fearful retribution. I cannot\nfind what became of Konigsmark, after the murder of Mr. Thynne, in\n1681-2. It is said in the _Harleian Miscellany_, that he was taken by\none of Monmouth's attendants, who seized him as he was going on\nship-board. The three actual assassins were, we know, executed; but it\nis added, \"by some foul play, Konigsmark, who had employed them, and\ncame over to England expressly to see they executed their bloody\ncommission, was acquitted.\" What was this foul play, and how came the\ngreatest villain of the four to escape? I have not the _State Trials_ to\nrefer to: that work may give some explanation.\n\nWalpole, who was familiar from childhood with the events of the courts\nof the first three Georges, is likely to have been accurate as to the\nidentity of Konigsmark; but his occasional mistakes and\nmisrepresentations, as we are aware, have been frequently exposed by Mr.\nCroker.\n\n    J. H. MARKLAND.\n\n_\"O Leoline! be absolutely just._\"--\n\n      \"O Leoline! be absolutely just,\n      Indulge no passion and betray no trust.\n      Never let man be bold enough to say\n      Thus and no farther shall my passion stray.\n      The first step past still leads us on to more,\n      And guilt proves fate which was but choice before.\"\n\nWho is the author of the above?\n\n    H. B. C.\n\n_Lyte Family._--When did the Lyte family first settle at Lytes Carey,\nSomersetshire? On what occasion, and by whom, was the _fleur de lis_\nadded to their crest? And when did a part of the family alter the\nspelling of the name from Lyte to Light?\n\nThe family is an ancient one, and in the reign of Elizabeth of\nconsiderable literary distinction.\n\n    J. L.\n\n_Sir Walter Raleigh's Snuff-box._--What has become of Sir Walter\nRaleigh's snuff-box? It was a favourite box, in constant use by the late\nDuke of Sussex, and was knocked down at his sale for 6_l._ It is the box\nout of which Raleigh took a pinch of snuff on the scaffold.\n\n    L. H. L. T.\n\n\"_Poets beware._\"--Where are the following lines to be found:\n\n      \"Poets beware; never compare\n      Women to aught in earth or in air,\" &c.\n\n    E. F. L.\n\n_Guanahani, or Cat Island._--Why is this small island, one of the Bahama\ngroup, so called? It is supposed that cats of large size, and quite\nwild, used to be shot on this island; but none of the many writers on\nthe West Indies have touched on Guanahani, or Cat Island.\n\n    W. J. C.\n\n  St. Lucia.\n\n_Wiggan, or Utiggan, an Oxford Student._--To assist in deciphering a MS.\nI should be glad to know the name of a senior student of Christ Church,\nOxford, April, 1721, which seems to be Wiggan, Utiggan, or some such\nlike name.\n\n    W. DN.\n\n_Prayers for the Fire of London._--When were the \"Prayers for the Fire\nof London\" first introduced into the Book of Common Prayer, and when\nwere they discontinued?\n\nI have never seen them except in the Prayer Book prefixed to the Bibles\n\"Printed at the Theater, Oxford; and are to be sold by Peter Parker at\nthe Leg and Star in Cornhil. London MDCLXXXII.\" The Prayer Book bears\nthe same colophon.\n\n    W. E.\n\n_Donkey._--An omission in our dictionaries of a curious kind is that of\nthe word _donkey_, which is not to be found in any that I know of. There\nmay, however, be doubts as to the antiquity of this term; I have heard\nancient men say that it has been introduced within their recollection.\nWhat is its origin? Whence also the name \"moke,\" commonly applied to\ndonkeys in and about London? Is the word used in other parts of England?\n\n    C. W. G.\n\n_French and Italian Degrees._--Can you inform a young Englishman (of\ngood general knowledge, and possessing a thorough knowledge of the\nFrench and Italian languages), who is desirous of obtaining a French or\nItalian _degree_ as inexpensively as possible, how to proceed in order\nto obtain the same, the expense, &c.?\n\n    SEPTIMUS.\n\n  Buntingford, Hertfordshire.\n\n_The Shadow of the Tree of Life._--Can any of your readers oblige me\nwith information respecting the author of a little book, the title of\nwhich runs as follows:--\n\n  \"\u03a6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd: The Shadow of the Tree of Life; or\n  a Discourse of the Divine Institution and most Effectual\n  Application of Medicinal Remedies, in order to the Preservation\n  and Restoration of Health, by J. M. London, 1673.\"\n\n    S. (An Original Subscriber.)\n\n_Sun-dials._--The following is an inscription on a sun-dial on the wall\nof a monastery, now suppressed, near Florence. I copied it on the spot\nin 1841.\n\n                      \"A. D. S.\n      Mia vita \u00e8 il sol: Dell' uom la vita \u00e8 Dio,\n      Senza esso \u00e8 l'uom, qual senza sol son' io.\"\n\nWhat signification has A. D. S.?\n\n    L. S.\n\n_Nouns always printed with Capital Initials._--P. C. S. S. is desirous\nof information respecting the origin and subsequent disuse of the\npractice which appears to have prevailed among printers in the last, and\ntowards the end of the preceding century, of beginning every\nnoun-substantive with a capital letter. It prevailed also, to a certain\nextent, in books published in France and Holland during the same period;\nbut P. C. S. S. is not aware of any other European language in which it\nwas adopted.\n\n    P. C. S. S.\n\n_John of Padua._--Who was this person, who in various accounts of Henry\nVIII.'s time is styled \"Deviser of his majesty's buildings?\" Where was\nhe educated? and what were his works previous to his arrival in England?\nHe survived his royal master, and enjoyed the favour of the Protector\nSomerset, who employed him to build his famous palace in the Strand.\n\nFrom a warrant dated 1544, printed in Rymer's _Foedera_, it appears that\n_Johannes de Padua_ was a \"musician\" as well as an architect.\n\n    EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_St. Kenelm._--Can any of your readers inform me where the life or\nlegend of St. Kenelm, spoken of by Leland, in his _Itinerary_ and\n_Collectanea_, may be seen, if it is now in existence. Leland says, in\nspeaking of the murder of Kenelm, in Clinte in Cowbage, near Winchelcumb\n(now Winchcomb), Gloucestershire:--\n\n  \"He (Averey parson of Dene) tolde me that it is in _S. Kenelme's\n  Lyfe_ that Ascaperius was married to Quendreda, &c. &c.\"\n\n  \"He sayth that it aperithe _by Seint Kenelme's Legend_ that\n  Winchelcombe was oppidum muro cinctum.\"\n\nWhat does Clinthe or Clent in Cowbage mean in the Anglo-Saxon?\n\n    E. T. B.\n\n  Hereford.\n\n_Church._--What is the derivation of this word? and if from the Greek,\nhow is it that it prevails only in the Teutonic countries (England,\nScandinavia, the Netherlands, and Germany), while the Latin Ecclesia\nprevails in the rest of Europe?\n\n    GEORGE STEPHENS.\n\n  Copenhagen.\n\n\nMinor Queries Answered.\n\n_Hieroglyphics of Vagrants and Criminals._--In one of the recent deeply\ninteresting Sanitary Reports of Mr. Rawlinson to the General Board of\nHealth--reports which frequently contain scraps of antiquarian, among a\nmass of more directly utilitarian information--there is passage which\nopens up a curious subject, upon which, possibly, some of your readers\nmay be able to furnish illustrations from their literary stores. I\nallude to that portion of his Report on the Parish of Havant\n(Southamptonshire), in which he states:--\n\n  \"There is a sort of _blackguard's literature_, and the initiated\n  understand each other by slang terms, by pantomimic signs, and by\n  hieroglyphics. The vagrant's mark may be seen in Havant, on\n  corners of streets, on door-posts, and on house-steps. Simple as\n  these chalk lines appear, they inform the succeeding vagrants of\n  all they require to know; and a few white scratches may say 'be\n  importunate,' or 'pass on.' The murderer's signal is even\n  exhibited from the gallows; as, a red handkerchief held in the\n  hand of the felon about to be executed, is a token that he dies\n  without having betrayed any professional secrets.\"\n\nThis is a curious subject; and I think it would prove interesting to\nmany readers, if any illustration could be afforded of the above strange\nand somewhat startling statements.\n\n    J. J. S.\n\n  [Beloe, in his _Anecdotes of Literature_, vol. ii. pp. 146-157.,\n  has left us some curious notices of this kind of vulgar\n  literature, of English pure and undefiled from the \"knowledge box\"\n  of Thomas Decker. But the most complete _Lexicon Balatronicum et\n  Macaronicum_ was published in 1754, enriched with many \"a word not\n  in Johnson,\" and which leaves at a respectful distance the\n  glossorial labours of Spelman, Ducange, Junius, and even the\n  renowned Francis Grose and his _Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar\n  Tongue_. It is entitled _The Scoundrel's Dictionary_; or, an\n  Explanation of the Cant Words used by Thieves, Housebreakers,\n  Street Robbers, and Pickpockets. To which are prefixed some\n  Curious Dissertations on the Art of Wheedling; and a Collection of\n  Flash Songs, with a proper Glossary, 8vo., London, 1754.]\n\n_Muggleton and Reeve._--I wish to obtain some accurate information as to\nJohn Reeve and Rodowick Muggleton, the founders of the sect called\nMuggletonians, which appears to have been in existence up to the end of\nthe last century. Mr. Macaulay calls Muggleton \"a drunken tailor,\" but\ngives no reference. The article \"Muggletonians\" in the _Encyclop\u00e6dia\nBritannica_ is extremely meagre, both in matter and length. Is there any\nauthentic portrait of Reeve or Muggleton? Any information on these\npoints, or indication as to where it may be found, will greatly oblige\n\n    R. S.\n\n  Highgate.\n\n  [Our correspondent will find the information he requires in the\n  following works: \"The New Witnesses proved Old Hereticks,\" by\n  William Penn, 4to. 1672. \"A True Representation of the Absurd and\n  Mischievous Principles of the Sect commonly known by the name of\n  Muggletonians,\" 4to. 1694. Muggleton's Works, with his portrait,\n  1756. \"A Complete Collection of the Works of Reeve and Muggleton,\n  together with other Muggletonian Tracts,\" 3 vols. 4to. 1832. See\n  also Leslie's _Snake in the Grass_; Collier's _Historical\n  Dictionary_, Supplement; and _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. lxii. pt. i.\n  p. 218.]\n\n_Rev. T. Adams._--Can any particulars be noted of the Rev. Thomas Adams,\na preacher at Paul's Cross in 1612, besides those mentioned by the\neditor of a _Selection from his Sermons_, published in 1847--the Rev. W.\nH. Stowell. His works were printed in 1630 in a thick folio volume, but\nsome of them had previously appeared in small 4to., one such is in the\nBritish Museum, and another I recollect seeing at a bookseller's. I\nshould much like to have a list and some account of these 4to. editions.\n\n    S. FY.\n\n  [Thomas Adams, D.D., was minister at Willington, in Bedfordshire,\n  and afterwards rector of St. Bennet's, Paul's Wharf. According to\n  Newcourt (_Repertorium_, i. 302.), \"he was sequestered for his\n  loyalty in the late rebellion, and was esteemed an excellent\n  preacher; but died before the Restoration.\" The following Sermons\n  by him were all published in 4to.: those distinguished by an\n  asterisk are in the British Museum, the others in the Bodleian. 1.\n  The Gallant's Burden; a Sermon on Isa. xxi. 11, 12., 1612. 2.\n  Heaven and Earth Reconciled: on Dan. xii. 3., preached at Bedford\n  at the Visitation of M. Eland, Archdeacon, 1613. *3. The Diuell's\n  Banquet, described in Six Sermons, 1614. 4. England's Sickness\n  comparatively conferred with Israel's; in Two Sermons on Jer.\n  viii. 22., 1615. 5. The Two Sonnes; or the Dissolute conferred\n  with the Hypocrite; on Matt. xxi. 28., 1615. 6. The Leaven, or a\n  Direction to Heaven, on Matt. xiii. 33. p 97. ibid. *7. The\n  Spiritual Navigator bound for the Holy Land, preached at\n  Cripplegate on Trinity Sunday, 1615. 8. The Sacrifice of\n  Thankfulness, on Ps. cxviii. 27., whereunto are annexed five other\n  Sermons never before printed, 1616. 9. Diseases of the Sovle: a\n  Discourse Divine, Morall, and Physicall, 1616. *10. The Happiness\n  of the Church; being the Summe of Diverse Sermons preached at St.\n  Gregorie's, 1618.]\n\n_The Archbishop of Spalatro_ (Vol. iv., pp. 257. 295.).--Who were the\nEnglish bishops, at whose consecration Antonius de Dominis assisted in\nLambeth Chapel?\n\n    AGRIPPA.\n\n  [On December 14, 1617, Mark Spalatro assisted as a prelate at the\n  consecration of Nicholas Felton, Bishop of Bristol, and George\n  Monteigne, Bishop of Lincoln. See a list of the consecrations from\n  the Lambeth Registers in Perceval's _Apology for the Doctrine of\n  Apostolical Succession_, Appendix, p. 183.]\n\n_Bishop Bridgeman._--Will you direct me to the best means of obtaining\nanswers to the following questions:--\n\nJohn Bridgeman, fellow and tutor of Magdalen Coll. Camb., was admitted\n_ad eundem_ at Oxford, July 4, 1600; and consecrated Bishop of Chester,\nMay, 1619. The points of inquiry are--\n\n1. When was the said John Bridgeman entered at Cambridge?\n\n2. When and where was he born?\n\n3. Who and what were his parents?\n\n    C. J. CLAY, B.A. (Trin. Coll. Camb.)\n\n  [Leycester, in his _Cheshire_, says, \"Bishop Bridgeman was the son\n  of Thomas Bridgeman of Greenway in Devonshire,\" but other\n  authorities make him a native of Exeter. Prince (_Worthies of\n  Devon_, p. 99.) says, \"He was born in the city of Exeter, not far\n  from the palace-gate there, of honest and gentile parentage. His\n  father was Edmund Bridgeman, sometime high-sheriff of that city\n  and county, A.D. 1578. Who his mother was I do not find.\" In\n  Wood's _Fasti_, vol. i. p. 286. Mr. Bliss has the following note:\n  \"John Bridgman, natus erat Exoni\u00e6. Vid. Izaak's _Antiq. of\n  Exeter_, p. 156. S.T.P. Cant. Coll. Magd. an. 1612. Vid. Prynne's\n  _Antipathy_, p. 290., and _Worthies of Devon_, BAKER.\" Ormerod\n  (_Hist. of Cheshire_, i. 79.) says, \"He was the compiler of a\n  valuable work relating to the ecclesiastical history of the\n  diocese, now deposited in the episcopal registry, and usually\n  denominated Bishop Bridgeman's _Leger_.\" For other particulars\n  respecting him, consult Walker's _Sufferings of the Clergy_, Part\n  II. p. 10.; Ackermann's _Cambridge_, vol. ii. p 160.; Prynne's\n  _New Discovery of the Prelate's Tyranny_, pp. 91. 108. 218.; and\n  Cole's MSS. vol. xxvii. p. 218.]\n\n_Rouse, the Scottish Psalmist._--Can any of your readers favour me with\nsome particulars of the life of Rouse, the author of the Scottish\nmetrical version of the Psalms? His name does not appear in any of the\nbiographical dictionaries I have had an opportunity of consulting. From\nsome historical scraps this version had come into the hands of the\nWestminster Assembly of Divines--was afterwards transmitted by them to\nthe General Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland, who appointed\ncommissioners, &c., for consideration--and was, on 23rd Nov. 1649,\nsanctioned by the General Assembly, and any other version discharged\nfrom being used in the Kirk or its families. Notwithstanding some\ndoggerel interspersed, the version is allowed to be distinguished for a\nsweet easy simplicity, and well suited to the devotional purpose\nintended. Rouse evidently was considerably endowed with the _vis\npoetica_; and it is to be regretted, that he who has rendered such\nimportant service to our national church, should not be known more than\nby name; at least, this is the predicament in which I stand, along with\na few friends, whose notice has been incidentally drawn to the subject.\n\n    G. N.\n\n  Glasgow, Jan. 9. 1852.\n\n  [Our correspondent will find an interesting account of Francis\n  Rouse and his metrical version in Holland's _Psalmists of\n  Britain_, vol. ii. pp. 31-38.]\n\n\"_Count Cagliostro, or the Charlatan, a tale of the Reign of Louis\nXVI._\"--I remember of having read, somewhere about the year 1838-9, a\nnovel of this name; and having inquired frequently for it since, never\nheard of one. Can any of your correspondents tell me who wrote it?\n\n    S. WMSON.\n\n  [This work is in three volumes. We have seen it attributed to T.\n  A. James.]\n\n_Churchyard Well and Bath._--Whilst making a short antiquarian excursion\nin the county of Norfolk last autumn, I visited the ancient church at\nEast Dereham. Amongst other features of interest which this fine church\ndisplays, may be enumerated its massive bell tower, _detached_ from the\nsacred edifice, on the S.E. of the chancel; and a rude building, to the\nwest of the building, also detached, on the western front of which is\nthe following inscription:\n\n                         \"This bath\n                    was erected in the year\n                            1793,\n      in part by voluntary subscriptions, for public benefit,\n      on the ruins of a tomb which contained the remains of\n                        WITHBURGA,\n                      youngest daughter of\n                            ANNAS,\n                     king of the East Angles,\n                       who died A.D. 654.\n                     The abbot and monks of Ely\n                     stole this precious relique\n                  and translated it to Ely Cathedral,\n            where it was interred near her three royal sisters,\n                            A.D. 974.\"\n\nThe sexton informed me that the abbot and monks of Ely made this bath,\nor well, to recompense the good people of Dereham for the loss they had\nsustained by the removal of the bones. It is yet used as a bath, both by\nresidents and strangers, the supply of water being very plentiful, and\ndelightfully clear. The water rises under an arch of the Early English,\nor Early Decorated period. I shall be glad of any notes upon this, or\nsimilar baths, in any other churchyards.\n\n    W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\n  [This bath appears to have been formerly used as a baptistery,\n  which in the early British churches was erected outside of the\n  western entrance, where it continued until the sixth century, if\n  not later (Bingham, book viii. c. vii.). Blomefield, in his\n  _History of Norfolk_, vol. v. p. 1190. fol. 1775., has the\n  following notices of this building: \"At the west end of the\n  churchyard are the ruins of a very ancient baptistery, over which\n  was formerly a small chapel, dedicated to St. Withburga. At the\n  east end of the baptistery there is now remaining a curious old\n  Gothic arch, from which runs a spring of clear water, formerly\n  said to have had many medicinal and healing qualities. The\n  fabulous account is, that this spring took its rise in the\n  churchyard from the place where St. Withburga was first buried. In\n  the year 1752 it was arched over, and converted into a cold bath.\"\n  In the notices of the early churches of Cornwall, Wales, and\n  Ireland, frequent mention is made of these baptisteries or holy\n  wells, which we do not remember to have seen fully discussed in\n  any work, and of which some account would be interesting alike to\n  the divine, the topographer, and the antiquary. The learned\n  Leland, in his _Itinerary_, iii. 30., in a description of Falmouth\n  harbour, says, \"there is a praty village or fishar town with a\n  pere, cawlid S. Maws [Machutus], and there is a chapelle of hym,\n  and his chaire of stone, and his _welle_.\" Again, speaking of the\n  church of St. Germochus in Cornwall, he says, \"it is three miles\n  from S. Michael's Mont by est south est, and a mile from the se;\n  his tomb is yet seene ther. S. Germoke ther buried. S. Germoke's\n  chair in the chirch-yard. S. Germoke's _welle_ a little without\n  the chirch-yard.\" (_Itin._ iii. 16.) Some further notices of these\n  holy wells will be found in _The Chronicles of the Ancient British\n  Church_, pp. 136-140.]\n\n\n\n\nReplies.\n\n\nCOLLARS OF SS.\n\n(Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236. 456.)\n\nI communicate the following names and dates of the death, and in some\ninstances bare notices of the monumental effigies, of bearers of the\nvarious collars of SS., which may be found in Bloxam's _Monumental\nArchitecture_, Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_, Cotman's _Sepulchral\nBrasses_, Gough's _Sepulchral Monuments_, and Hollis's _Monumental\nEffigies_.\n\nI trust that the excellent example set by G. J. R. G., in making known\nthe existence of two of these collars on a tomb in his own neighbourhood\nwill be extensively followed by the readers of \"N. & Q.\"\n\n1. An effigy on a tomb in Tanfield church, co. York, commonly ascribed\nto Robert of Marmion, who probably died in the time of Henry III. or\nEdward I.\n\n2. An effigy on a tomb in Gloucester cathedral, vulgarly called that of\nHumphrey Bohun, Earl of Hereford, who died in 1367.\n\n3. The effigy of William Wilcotes, in Northleigh church, co. Oxon, who\ndied in 1411.\n\n4. and 5. Sir Thomas Peryent and his wife, in Digswell church, co.\nHerts. He was esquire-at-arms to Richard II., Henry IV. and V., and\nMaster of the Horse to Joan of Navarre, 1415.\n\n6. Sir William Calthorpe, in Burnham church, co. Norfolk, 1420.\n\n7. Edwardus de la Hale, in Oakwood chapel, near Shene, in co. Surrey,\ndied in 1421.\n\n8. Sir Humphrey Stafford, at Bromsgrove, co. Worcester. He was slain by\nCade, at Seven-Oaks, 28 Henry VI., 1450.\n\n9. An effigy of a man, in plated armour, in Bakewell church, co. Derby.\n\n10. An effigy of a woman at Dudley, co. Worcester.\n\n11. An effigy of a man in Selby abbey, co. York.\n\n    LLEWELLYN.\n\n_Collar of SS._ (Vol. iv., p. 147.).--In answer to the request of MR. E.\nFOSS, respecting effigies having a collar of SS., I beg to inform you\nthat in the church of St. Lawrence, Isle of Thanet, is a brass of\nNicholas Manston, Esq., A.D. 1444, who wears the above decoration. Near\nSt. Lawrence, is the hamlet of Manston, in which is an old farmhouse\ncalled Manston Court, attached to which are the ruins of a chapel.\n\nQuery: Who was Nicholas Manston?\n\n    CANTOR.\n\n\nON THE FIRST, FINAL, AND SUPPRESSED VOLUME OF THE ONLY EXPURGATORY INDEX\nOF ROME.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 440.; Vol. v., p. 33.)\n\nReceiving the \"N. & Q.\" only in monthly parts, I was, till last week,\nunacquainted with the article of your correspondent U. U., from\nBaltimore. This ignorance, however, has been attended with the advantage\nof the very decisive information on the matter of inquiry by B. B., as\nfar as the Bodleian Library, Oxford, is concerned. I am relieved by it\nfrom the necessity of describing more particularly the copy of the\nfirst, and Roman, Expurgatory of 1607; for the copy in my possession\n_agrees exactly_ in title with that of the Bodleian. Of the genuineness\nof the latter, the proof is as demonstrative as anything historical can\nbe. I have the same assurance of the genuineness of mine. It was in the\npossession of the celebrated and intelligent collector, J. G. Michiels,\nas his autograph, with the year 1755 attached, testifies. The title, as\ngiven in my _Literary Policy_, has indeed a trifling error in\npunctuation, whether my own or the printer's, but from simple oversight,\nas in some cases _fas est obrepere somnum_. There was, however, and\ncould be, no error as to the meaning of Brasichellen., of which\nCatalani, besides others, had given me information sufficiently correct\nin his _De Magistro S. Pal._\n\nThese observations will not, however, satisfy the _want_ of your\ntransatlantic correspondent so completely as I trust I am enabled, and\nshall be much pleased to do; for I have likewise the celebrated\n_counterfeit_, of which I have given an ample account in my forecited\nvolume; and the _difference_ between it and the original is sensibly\nevident on a _synoptical comparison_. But other marks, where this is\nimpracticable, may be adduced; and in the title itself, without\ndepending upon the _minuti\u00e6_ of punctuation, and without any reference\nto the _figures_ in the frontispiece, which are plainly not the same\nimpression, in both copies, the last line, SVPERIORVM PERMISSV, which,\nin the _genuine_ book measures 2-1/2 inches, in the counterfeit measures\n2-1/5; therefore, shorter by 3/10. In the _body_ of the work, in the\ncounterfeit the letter-press occupies more space than the genuine. Taken\nat a venture (and a right-hand page is preferred, because the _number_\nof the page, and the _catchword_, come in one perpendicular line), I\nexamined p. 163. The _height_ in the genuine is 5-1/5 inches; in the\ncounterfeit 5-4/5; the increase, 3/5. The _width_ of the page appears to\nbe in proportion. In the _preliminary matter_ of the genuine copy the\n_De Correctione_ ends with the line, \"eos corrigere, atque purgare.\" The\ncounterfeit varies. The last unnumbered page, indeed, the terminating\nline, of what is prefatory, is, \"Palatio Apostolico anno salutis 1607.\"\nThe counterfeit here likewise varies.\n\nI have another volume closely identical; of which, because it is far\nfrom common, I will give the title entire. It is well known, but not\neasily detected:\n\n                            \"INDEX\n                          LIBRORUM\n                        EXPURGANDORUM,\n                            _In quo_\n                Quinquaginta Authorum Libri pr\u00e6\n                c\u00e6teris desiderati emendantur.\n                              Per\n                      FRANC. JO. MARIAM\n                        BRASICHELLEN,\n      Sacri Palatii Apostolici Magistrum in unum Corpus\n                          redactus,\n                    & public\u00e6 Commoditati\n                            \u00e6ditus\n                        EDITIO SECUNDA,\n              Multorum desideri\u00f4 juxta Exemplare\n                    Romanum Typis mandata.\n                    _SUPERIORUM PERMISSU._\n                          Pedeponti\n                            vulgo\n                        STADT AM HOF\n            Sumptibus JOANNIS GLASTL, Bibliopol\u00e6\n                          Anno 1745.\"\n\nPreviously it may be as well to observe, that Stadt am Hof is a town\nbordering on the imperial city of Ratisbon, at or near _the court_, and\nLatinized Pedepons as being at the foot of the bridge over the Danube at\nthat part. This book is evidently the identical counterfeit before\ndescribed, with the _mask cast aside_ by a _new title-page_, and _newly\nprinted_ prefatory matter, in consequence of a proposal fairly and\nliterally to _reprint_ the first genuine Roman edition. I will just\nmention one proof of the identity of this and the previous copy in the\n_body_ of the book. It occurs in the last line of p. 239., where the\nword Iunij has a stroke, _by fault of the type_, immediately after the\nword, thus Iunij[|]; and this is found in both. This is an accidental\ncoincidence, not to be classed with the purposed retention of false\nspelling.\n\nThe Bergomi edition of 1608 is not in my possession; but I am well\nacquainted with it by actual inspection. My first sight of it was\nafforded by my friend the Rev. Richard Gibbings, who has published a new\nedition of it, with an elaborate and very finished preface, in 1837.[4]\nI have likewise seen it at Mr. Pickering's, a copy which I presume came\nfrom the dispersed library of the late Rev. H. F. Lyte. _That_ in the\nBodleian I did not feel it necessary to examine. I do, however, possess,\nthough not the original, a very correct, as appears, _fac-simile_ of\nthat volume, whether it was intended as a counterfeit or not. The title,\nwithout any addition, agrees _exactly_ with that of the original, as\ngiven by your Oxford correspondent. I conclude it to be not the\noriginal, from a distinct recollection that the engraving on the\ntitle-page there is more rude and broken than in my copy; and, in the\nbody of the work, some parts do not perfectly agree with Mr. Gibbings's\nreprint, not in the contents of the _pages_, in some instances in the\nmiddle portion, and in the frequent substitution of the _m_ and _n_ for\nthe superscript bar, signifying one or other of those letters. My copy\nlikewise is bound together in vellum, with the _Notitia Ind. Lib.\nExpurg. of Zobelius, Altorfii_, 1745. And, by the bye, I should like to\nknow whether, and where, there is another copy of that treatise of\neighty pages in England?\n\n  [Footnote 4: Copies may be had at Mr. Petheram's, 94. High\n  Holborn, London.]\n\nI am happy in the present opportunity of recommending to the attention\nof such students as U. U. in the New World, a work of so much real value\nand interest as Mr. Gibbings's edition of the Bergomi edition of the\n_Brasichellian Index_; and flatter myself that, by their aid and\nexample, an end will be put in the mother country to the incorrigible\nthough simple practice of calling every catalogue of condemned books\n_expurgatory_, when the accuracy of the title, as far as Rome is\nconcerned, hangs upon the single thread of one imperfect and withdrawn\ninstance; the not easily numbered remainder being exclusively and\nexpressly _prohibitory_.\n\nThe reason for the _suppression_ of the work here examined is, in part\nat least, correctly expressed by Papebrochius:\n\n  \"Nec _porro processum in opere reliquo_, quod mox apparuit futurum\n  seminarium litium infinitarum, quibus sustinendis nec unus, nec\n  plures forent pares, quantavis auctoritate subnixi.\"\n\n    J. MENDHAM.\n\n\nTHE FIRST PAPER-MILL IN ENGLAND, AND PAPER-MILL NEAR STEVENAGE.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 473.; Vol. iii., p. 187.)\n\nDR. RIMBAULT, in his Note \"On the First Paper-Mill in England,\" after\nalluding to the errors of various writers on the subject, adds, \"In\n_Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus Rerum_, printed by Wynkyn de Worde in\n1495, mention is made of a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of\nHertford, belonging to John Tate the younger, which was undoubtedly the\n'mylne' visited by Henry VII.\" Now this statement itself needs\ncorrection. The English translation of the work of Bartholomeus (De\nGlanvilla) informs us merely of the fact of John Tate the younger having\nlately _in England_ made the paper which was used for the printing of\nthis book. The lines, which occur at the end of the volume, are as\nfollows:\n\n      \"And also of your charyte call to remembraunce\n      The soule of William Caxton, first prynter of this boke\n      In Laten tonge at Coleyn [Cologne] hysself to avaunce,\n      That every well-disposed man may theron loke:\n      And JOHN TATE the younger joye mote [may] he broke,\n      Which late hathe in Englond doo make this paper thynne,\n      That now in our Englysshe this boke is printed inne.\"\n\nA rare poem, an early specimen of blank verse, entitled _A Tale of Two\nSwannes_, written by William Vallans (who was, I believe, a native of\nWare), and printed in 1590, supplies us with the information that the\nmill belonging to John Tate was situated at Hertford. One of the notes\nin the poem states that, \"in the time of Henry VIII., viz. 1507, there\nwas a paper-mill at Hertford, and belonged to John Tate, whose father\nwas Mayor of London.\" The author, however, is here mistaken in his\nchronology, as Henry VIII. did not begin to reign till 1509. The extract\nfrom the privy purse expenses of Henry VII., under the date of May 25,\n1498, \"for rewards geven at the Paper Mylne, 16s 8d,\" most clearly has\nreference to this particular mill, as the entry immediately preceding\nshows that the king went to Hertford two days before, viz. on the 23rd\nof May.\n\nIn answer to HERTFORDIENSIS, who asks for information as to its site, I\nquote a passage from Herbert's edition of Ames's _Typographical\nAntiquities_, under the description of the work of Bartholomeus, printed\nby Wynkyn de Worde. Herbert says, vol. i. p. 201.:--\n\n  \"I have been informed that this mill was where Seel, or Seal Mill\n  is now, at the end of Hertford town, towards Stevenage; and that\n  an adjoining meadow is still called Paper-mill Mead. This Seel\n  Mill, so denominated from the adjoining hamlet, was erected in the\n  year 1700; and is noted for being the first that made the finest\n  flour, known by the name of _Hertfordshire White_. It stands upon\n  the river Bean, in the middle of three acres of meadow land,\n  called Paper-mill Mead, so denominated in the charter of King\n  Charles I. to the town of Hertford for the fishery of a certain\n  part of that river. Hence, perhaps, some have thought it was at\n  Stevenage, but there is no water for a mill at or even near that\n  place.\"\n\nThe French authorities are particularly unhappy on the subject of the\nintroduction of the art of paper-making in England. According to the\n_Dictionnaire de la Conversation_, \"la premi\u00e8re manufacture, \u00e9tablie \u00e0\n_Gertford_ en Angleterre, est de 1588;\" while the _Encyclop\u00e9die des Gens\ndu Monde_ asserts that \"la premi\u00e8re patererie de chiffons qu'eu notre\npays fut \u00e9tablie en 1312; celle d'Angleterre en 1388.\"\n\n    A. GRAYAN.\n\n\nTHE PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION.\n\n(Vol. iv., pp. 129. 177. 235. 277.)\n\nSince my last communication on this subject (Vol. iv., p. 235.) I have\nbeen engaged in examining the theory, and the experiments connected with\nit, somewhat more closely; and, in the meanwhile, I abstain from\nreplying to the last observations of A. E. B. (Vol. iv., p. 277.)\n\nA. E. B. says it was \"uncourteous\" in me to call the theory which he put\nforward _his_ theory. I beg pardon for the offence. I intended by the\nexpression merely to indicate the particular theory which he advocated.\nI believe its author is M. Chesles. The theory in question is:\n\n  \"That the variation of the pendulum's plane is due to the excess\n  of velocity with which one extremity of the line of oscillation\n  may be affected more than the other.\"\n\nI ventured to pronounce this to be untenable, and begged A. E. B. to\n\"reduce it to paper.\" Upon this he remarked:\n\n  \"H. C. K. is surely not so unphilosophical as to imagine that a\n  theory, to be true, must be palpable to the senses. If the element\n  of increase exist at all, however imperceptible in a single\n  oscillation, repetition of effect must eventually make it\n  observable. But I shall even gratify H. C. K., and inform him,\n  that the difference in linear circumference between two such\n  parallels in the latitude of London, would be about 50 feet; so\n  that the northern end of a 10 feet rod, placed horizontally in the\n  meridian, would travel less by that number of feet in twenty-four\n  hours, than the southern end. This, so far from being inadequate,\n  is greatly _in excess_ of the alleged apparent motion in the place\n  of the pendulum's vibration.\"\n\nI think, if A. E. B. will reconsider this opinion, he will find that, so\nfar from being \"greatly in excess,\" it is inadequate to account for the\namount of apparent motion of the plane of the pendulum. For the onward\nmotion of the plane of a 2 sec. pendulum, describing a circle of 10 feet\ndiameter in twenty-four hours, amounts to \u00b70087 inch at each beat; 50\nfeet will be the difference in the distance the two extremities of the\narc of vibration will travel in twenty-four hours; that is, \u00b70138 inch\nin 2 seconds of time: but this is for a difference of 10 feet;\ntherefore, for 5 feet, the distance from the centre, it is \u00b70069 inch;\nwhereas the arc described is \u00b70087 inch, which is absurd.\n\nHowever, there is another equally fatal objection to this theory,\nfounded on experiment; to make which objection good, I will not merely\nadduce the result of my own, but that of certain experiments carried out\nat Paris, which place the matter beyond a doubt. In the Pantheon, at\nParis, there is a pendulum of the length of 230 feet, by means of which\nexperiments can be made under the most favourable conditions possible as\nregards suspension, exclusion of currents of air, &c. &c. While\nwitnessing the trials that were being made, a relation of mine requested\nthat the pendulum might be set to oscillate east and west; and the\nresult was, that the arc described after an interval of ten minutes, was\nthe same as that described when the pendulum was oscillating north and\nsouth.\n\nTo return to the original theory. I stated formerly that I had no faith\nin the experiments which had been published. I now repeat that I believe\nall the experiments that have been made, with the view of showing the\nrotation of the earth, and the independence of the pendulum of that\nrotation, are inconclusive; and for the following reason, _the\nimpossibility of obtaining perfect suspension_. Even in a still\natmosphere, and with a pendulum formed of the rigid rod and a \"bob,\" the\naxis of both of which shall be precisely in a line with the point of\nsuspension; yet, until suspension can be effected on a mathematical\npoint, and all torsion and local attraction got rid of, the pendulum\nwill not continue to swing _in the same plane_ for many consecutive\nbeats; because the _slightest_ disturbance will cause the \"bob\" to\ndescribe an ellipse; and, by a well-known law, the major axis of that\nellipse will go on advancing in the direction of the revolution. This\nadvance is by regular intervals; and my belief, founded on my own\nexperiments, is, that the astonished spectators at the Polytechnic\nInstitution, while intently watching, as they believed, the rotation of\nthe earth made visible, were watching merely a weight suspended by a\ncord, which, disturbed from the plane in which it was set to oscillate,\nwas describing a series of ellipses on the table, very pretty to look\nat, but having no more to do with the rotation of the earth than the\nbenches on which they were sitting.\n\nAt the same time, however, that I assert the inefficacy of any\nexperiments with the pendulum as tending to show the earth's rotation, I\nadmit that, provided a pendulum could be made to preserve its plane of\noscillation for twenty-four hours, it would oscillate independently of\nthe rotation of the earth, and actually describe a circle round a fixed\ntable in that interval. The _mathematical proof_ of this proposition is\nof a most abstruse nature; so much so, indeed, that it is understood to\nhave been relinquished by one of our ablest mathematicians. But that it\nis likely to be true, and one not difficult to comprehend, I think I can\nshow to A. E. B.'s satisfaction in a few lines.\n\nIf a pendulum be placed at one of the poles of the earth, it is obvious,\nthat while it swings in one plane, the revolution of the earth beneath\nit will cause it to appear to describe a complete circle in twenty-four\nhours. This position is simple enough, but it is true also in any\nlatitude, excepting near the equator. For there is no doubt, that, as\ngravity acts on the pendulum, _only in the line which joins the point of\nsuspension and the centre of the earth_ (thereby merely drawing the\n\"bobs\" towards that line) it can have no effect on the _plane_ of\noscillation; for the line of gravitation remains unchanged with respect\nto the pendulum, during a whole revolution of the earth on its axis.\nTake a map of a hemisphere, and on any parallel, say 60\u00b0 of latitude,\ndraw three pendulums, extended as in motion, with their centres of\ngravity directed toward the earth's centre, one on each extremity of the\nparallel of latitude, and one midway between the two; extend the \"bobs\"\nof the first two north and south, and those of the middle one east and\nwest. Number them 1, 2, and 3, from the westward. It will then be\nobserved that the _plane of oscillation_ of the three pendulums, thus\nplaced, is one and the same--that of the _plane of the paper_; and\nmoreover, that the lower \"bob,\" which is south at No. 1., is west at No.\n2., and north at No. 3. By this it will be evident, that the revolution\nof the pendulum will be through the whole circle, or 360\u00b0 in twenty-four\nhours, at all points of the earth's surface, excepting near the equator;\n_the line joining the \"bobs\"_ remaining in a parallel plane.\n\nI say, excepting near the equator; for it will be seen on looking\nclosely at the above illustration (which would be better on a globe)\nthat the three pendulums are not _strictly_ in the same, or even a\nparallel plane; inasmuch as the plane of oscillation must pass through\nthe point of suspension, _and the centre of the earth_. But still the\npendulum has _a tendency to remain_ in a parallel plane, as nearly as\nthe figure of the earth will allow,--the chord of the arc of oscillation\nremaining in a plane parallel to itself. It will be seen that, as we\napproach the equator, the plane of oscillation is forced from its\nparallelism more and more, until, _on_ the equator, it has no tendency\nto return, as all planes are there the same with reference to the centre\nof the earth.\n\nI may add that there is a variation of the above theory, which has found\nmany advocates, viz. that the pendulum will make the complete revolution\nin a period _varying_ from twenty-four hours at the poles, to infinity\nat the equator; varying, that is, as the sine of the latitude. This\nseems, _\u00e0 priori_, not so likely as the former, while it equally wants\nmathematical proof.\n\n    H. C. K.\n\n  ---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n\nTHE CROSS AND THE CRUCIFIX.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 39.)\n\nYour space precludes controversy: but the communication in Number 115.\nfrom W. DN. requires an explanation from me; which I give the more\nreadily as it may perhaps serve to throw further light on a curious\ninquiry. A correspondent in a former Number (Vol. iv., p. 422.)\nquestioned the correctness of an assertion by the Hon. MR. CURZON, that\n\"the crucifix was not known before the fourth or fifth century, though\nthe cross was always the emblem of the Christian faith.\" I ventured to\nsustain MR. CURZON'S view (Vol. iv., p. 485.) by referring to\nauthorities for the fact, that the idea of ignominy associated with that\npeculiar form of execution had long prevented the cross from being\nadopted as a symbol of Christ's passion; that the actual representation\nof the crucifixion itself was still more repulsive, and much later in\nits admission into the early churches; that allegory was in consequence\nresorted to, in order to evade the literal delineation of the Saviour's\ndeath, which was typified by a lamb bleeding at the foot of a cross; and\nthat when invention had become exhausted, and inert in the production of\nthese emblems, the Church, in the seventh century at the\n_Quini-sextile_, or _Council in Trullo_, had \"ordered that _fiction and\nallegory should cease, and the real figure of the Saviour be depicted on\nthe tree_.\" (The words in Italics are my own, and were not given as a\nquotation.)\n\nW. DN. in Number 115. (Vol. v., p. 39.) does not question the main\nconclusion sought to be established, but takes exception to my reference\nto the Council in Trullo as irrelevant, and says, \"should your readers\nturn to the canons of that council, they would be disappointed at\nfinding nothing about the cross;\" whence he infers, that I have been\n\"led into a singular mistake.\" But the mistake, I apprehend, is on the\npart of W. DN. himself, who evidently has not read the council in\nquestion, else he would have found, so far from its canons containing\n\"nothing about the cross,\" one, the 73rd, is devoted exclusively to the\ncross, whilst the 82nd is given to the crucifix. The 73rd canon of the\nCouncil in Trullo directs all veneration to be paid to the cross, and\nprohibits its being any longer depicted in the tesser\u00e6 of the floors\nwhere this \"trophy of our victory,\" as it is called in the canon, was\nexposed to desecration from the feet of the congregation. The 82nd\ncanon, in like manner, has direct reference to the crucifix, and its\nstyle of design. It alludes to the practice which had theretofore\nprevailed, of representing Christ as the lamb, pointed to by St. John,\nwhich was to take away the sins of the world (John, i. 29.); but as that\ngreat work has been accomplished, the council declares that the Church\nnow prefers the grace and _truth_ of him who had fulfilled the law, to\nthose ancient forms and shadows which had been handed down as types and\nsymbols only; and it continues:\n\n  \"In order, therefore, that what has come to pass should be\n  exhibited before the sight of all by the skill of the artist in\n  colours, we direct that the representation of Christ the Lamb of\n  God, which taketh away the sins of the world, shall henceforth be\n  elevated in his human character; and no longer under the old form\n  of a lamb.\"\n\nThe words are these:\n\n  \"\u1f61\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u1f02\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f44\u03c8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\n  \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f34\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f01\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f00\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\n  \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78\n  \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f41\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd.\"--_Concilium\n  Quinisextum_, Can. lxxxii. Concil. Collectio, J. B. MANSI, vol. xi.\n  p. 978.: Floren. 1765.\n\nW. DN. has quoted this canon, not from the original Greek of the\ncouncil, which I copy above, but from the Latin version given in Labbe,\nand which is much less close and literal than that of Carranza; and the\nwords \"_erigi et depingi_,\" which it employs, are a very incorrect\nrendering of the Greek \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, a term peculiarly\nappropriate to the elevation of a crucifix.\n\nBut that the whole canon has immediate reference to the literal\ndelineation of the mode and manner of Christ's passion, will be apparent\nfrom the concluding sentences, which expressly set out that the object\nof the change which it enjoins is to bring more vividly before our minds\nthe incarnation, suffering, and _death_ of the Saviour, by the full\ncontemplation of the depth of _humiliation_ attendant on it:\n\n  \"\u0394\u03b9' \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f55\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76\n  \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\n  \u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7\n  \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u1ff3 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, \u03ba. \u03c4. \u03bb.\"--_Ib._  MANSI, v. xi. p. 979.\n\nHow this impression of the \"_humiliation_\" and \"_suffering_\" of Christ's\n_death_ could be conveyed otherwise than by a literal delineation of its\nincidents, I cannot well see. And, indeed, of many authorities who have\nrecorded their opinion on the effect of this canon of the Quini-sextile\ncouncil, W. DN. is the only one who expresses a doubt as to its direct\nreference to the cross and the crucifix. Both the historians of the\nchurch, and those who have treated of the history of the Arts in the\nMiddle Ages, are concurrent in their testimony, that it was not till\nimmediately after the promulgation of the canons of the Council in\nTrullo that the use of the crucifix became common in the early churches.\nThis fact is recorded with some particularity by Gieseler, in his\n_Compendium of Ecclesiastical History_, sect. 99. note 51.; and\nEmeric-David, the most laborious and successful explorer of historical\nart of our time, in describing the effect upon the Fine Arts produced by\nthe edict of the council, adverts to the 82nd canon more than once, as\ndirecting the delineation of the Saviour _on the cross_:\n\n  \"La fin du 7me si\u00e8cle et le commencement du 8me pr\u00e9sentent deux\n  \u00e9v\u00e9nements de la plus haute importance dans l'histoire de la\n  peinture. Le premier est la r\u00e9volution op\u00e9r\u00e9e par le d\u00e9cret du\n  concile de Constantinople appel\u00e9 le concile _quinisexte_ ou _in\n  Trullo_, et c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 en 692 A.D., qui ordonna de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer la\n  peinture historique aux embl\u00e8mes, et notamment d'abandonner\n  l'all\u00e9gorie dans la repr\u00e9sentation du crucifiement de J\u00e9sus\n  Christ.... Ce fut apr\u00e8s ce concile que les images de J\u00e9sus Christ\n  sur la croix commenc\u00e8rent \u00e0 se multiplier.\" (_Histoire de la\n  Peinture au Moyen Age_, par T. B. Emeric-David, Paris, 1842, p.\n  59.) \"Lorsque le concile quinisexte ordonna de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer la r\u00e9alit\u00e9\n  aux images, et de montrer le Christ sur la croix, l'esprit\n  d'all\u00e9gorie, malgr\u00e9 ce d\u00e9cret, ne s'an\u00e9antit pas enti\u00e8rement.\"\n  (_Ib._ p. 32.)\n\n    J. EMERSON TENNENT.\n\n  London.\n\n\nYANKEE DOODLE.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 344.)\n\nThe subjoined song is copied from a _Collection of English Songs_ in\nthe British Museum (G. 310-163.). The Catalogue gives the conjectural\ndate of 1775. In the _History of the American Revolution_ (published by\nthe Society for Diffusion of Useful Knowledge), p. 22., is an anecdote\nreferring to Lord Percy having, in 1775, caused his band to play \"Yankee\nDoodle\" in _derision_ of the Americans: but I infer, from the Earl of\nCarlisle's Lecture on his Travels in America, that it is _now_ used by\nthe Americans as their _national tune_.\n\n      YANKEE DOODLE; OR, THE NEGROE'S FAREWELL TO\n      AMERICA.\n\n      _The Words and Music by T. L._\n\n      1.\n\n      \"Now farewell, my Massa, my Missey, adieu!\n      More blows or more stripes will me e'er take from you,\n      Or will me come hither or thither me go,\n      No help make you rich by de sweat of my brow.\n            Yankee doodle, yankee doodle dandy, I vow,\n            Yankee doodle, yankee doodle, bow wow wow.\n\n      2.\n\n      \"Farewell all de yams, and farewell de salt fish,\n      De bran and spruce beer, at you all me cry, Pish!\n      Me feed upon pudding, roast beef, and strong beer,\n      In Englan', old Englan', when me do get dere.\n                                Yankee doodle, &c.\n\n      3.\n\n      \"Farewell de musketo, farewell de black fly,\n      And rattle-snake too, who may sting me to dye;\n      Den Negroe go 'ome to his friends in Guinee,\n      Before dat old Englan' he 'ave a seen'e.\n                                Yankee doodle, &c.\n\n      4.\n\n      \"Farewell de cold winter, de frost and de snow,\n      Which cover high hills and de valleys so low,\n      And dangling and canting, swearing and drinking,\n      Taring and feath'ring for ser'ously thinking.\n                                Yankee doodle, &c.\n\n      5.\n\n      \"Den hey! for old Englan' where Liberty reigns,\n      Where Negroe no beaten or loaded with chains;\n      And if Negroe return, O! may he be bang'd,\n      Chain'd, tortur'd, and drowned,--or let him be hang'd!\n                                Yankee doodle,\" &c.\n\n    C. H. COOPER.\n\n\nPERPETUAL LAMP.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 501.)\n\nThe reported discovery at the dissolution of monasteries of a lamp that\nhad burned in a tomb nearly 1200 years, to which your correspondent B.\nB. adverts, is, I presume, the discovery referred to by Camden (Gough's\ned. vol. iii. p. 242.), where he says:\n\n  \"I have been informed by persons of good credit, that upon the\n  dissolution of monasteries in the last age, a lamp was found\n  burning in a secret vault of a little chapel, where, according to\n  tradition, Constantius was buried. For Lazius writes that the\n  ancients had the art of reducing gold to a consistent fluid, by\n  which they kept fire burning in vaults for a long time, and even\n  for many ages.\"\n\nThe lamp of the alleged tomb of Constantius Chlorus was the subject of a\ncommunication by Mr. Albert Way to the York meeting of the Arch\u00e6ological\nInstitute in 1846, in which he compared the ignited lamp said to have\nbeen found therein, with the story of a similar sepulchral lamp in a\nRoman family tomb, beneath the site of the ancient Castellum Priscum in\nthe province of Cordova, as communicated to the Institute by Mr.\nWetherell of Seville. It seems well worthy the attention of modern\narch\u00e6ologists to ascertain what foundation in fact exists for the\nstatements advanced by ancient writers as to the possibility of\npreparing a lamp that would burn for centuries in the tomb. Mr. Way\nremarks that the curious discovery communicated from Seville is\nunfortunately not authenticated by the observation at the time of any\nperson skilled either in natural history or arch\u00e6ology. Some, however,\nmay consider the tale of the sepulchre of Chlorus, though rejected by\nDrake and others, as not wholly unworthy of consideration; and Mr. Way\nsuggests the possibility of a substance having been compounded which, on\nthe admission of purer air to the tomb, became for a short time ignited.\nAn abstract of his interesting communication is in the _Athen\u00e6um_ for\n8th August, 1846. The prince whose tomb is said to have been discovered\nnear the church of St. Helen's on the Walls, in York, was the H.\nValerius Constantius who came to York about a century after the death of\nSeverus, and was father of Constantine the Great.\n\nLet me now ask where the story may be found of\n\n            \"The bright lamp that lay in Kildare's holy fane,\n      And burned through long ages of darkness and storm?\"\n\n    W. S. G.\n\n  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.\n\n\nKIBROTH HATTAVAH AND WADY MOKATTEB: NUM. XI. 26. CRITICALLY EXAMINED.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 481.; Vol. v., p. 31.)\n\nIn order that the readers of \"N. & Q.\" may have an opportunity of\njudging for themselves of the question between DR. TODD and myself, as\nto the identity of Kibroth Hattavah and Wady Mokatteb, it will be\nnecessary, in the first place, that a more comprehensive view should be\ntaken of the camp of Israel than DR. TODD'S criticism seems to imply. A\npopulation of six hundred thousand, besides women and children, must\nhave occupied a larger extent of ground than a single valley; and the\nvalley which is called _par excellence_ Wady Mokatteb would by no means\nsuffice for the accommodation of half the multitude, were it not joined\nto many other valleys,--both sides, by means of narrow windings.\n\nIn the second place, it must be borne in mind that the \"Tabernacle was\npitched without the camp, afar off from the camp\" (Exod. xxxiii. 7.); a\ncircumstance which DR. TODD overlooked, which made him hazard the\nstrange statement that I \"did not explain how Eldad and Medad were in\nWady Mokatteb, more than Moses and the rest of the seventy.\"\n\nIn the third place, it must be observable to every intelligent reader,\nthat there is not the least shadow of warrant for supposing that Eldad\nand Medad were two of the seventy elders \"gathered\" by Moses; on the\ncontrary, there is unmistakeable evidence against the notion. We are\nexpressly told by inspired authority, that the seventy elders--not\nsixty-eight--were set round about the tabernacle; and there and then did\nJehovah take of the spirit that was upon Moses, \"and gave it unto the\nseventy elders,\"--not to sixty-eight only. Another proof that Eldad and\nMedad cannot be considered as two of the seventy elders, but as persons\nbelonging to the mass of the laity, is derivable from Moses' answer to\nJoshua, \"Would God that all the Lord's people were prophets\" (ver. 29.).\nIf they were of the seventy, what cause was there for surprise and\nconsternation? Would Joshua have asked for a prohibition? and would\nMoses have given such an answer?\n\nBut what is to be done with the statements, \"And they were of them that\nwere written, but went not out unto the tabernacle, and they prophesied\nin the camp?\" How are these statements to be explained? Very easily, by\na reference to the original Hebrew. The words \u05dd\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05db\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d5 do\nnot mean \"and they were of them that were written,\" but \"and they were\namongst the writings\" or inscriptions, that is Wady Mokatteb, _i.e._ in\nthat part of the encampment which was pitched there. If the inspired\nnarrator had meant to convey the idea that Eldad and Medad were two of\nthe seventy elders, he would have employed the proper word for it, which\n\u05dd\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05db\u05d1 is certainly not. The proper word would have been\neither \u05dd\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e1\u05d0\u05d4\u05de, \"of them that were gathered,\" or \u05dd\u05d9\u05e0\u05e7\u05d6\u05d4\u05de,\n\"of the elders.\" We have no account of Moses writing down the\nnames of the seventy, to authorise such a translation. Besides, even if\nwe had such an account, and the sacred historian wished to intimate as\nmuch in the verse under review, he would assuredly have used the word\n\u05dd\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05db\u05d4\u05de, and not \u05dd\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05db\u05d1. It appears that the \u05d1 was a difficulty\nto the LXX, as well as to the author or authors of the Vulgate, to\nRashi and the translators of the English version. The Greek particle\n\u1f10\u03ba and the Latin _de_ are literal translations of the equivalent\nHebrew particle \u05df\u05de or \u05de, and not of \u05d1. It would appear, moreover, that\nDR. TODD himself found the \u05d1 insurmountable, and therefore omitted it\nin his last Hebrew quotation. Again, in the Pentateuch, wherever the\nword \u05dd\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05db occurs, it implies written records, but not written names\nof persons.\n\nBut do not all the ancient paraphrasts sanction the translation of the\nauthorised version? What of that, if they happen to be wrong! Such a\nconsideration will never interfere with my own judgment, founded on a\nthorough knowledge of the meaning of the Hebrew word. I have long since\nlearned that opinions are not necessarily true, because they are old\nones, nor doctrines undeniably infallible, because we may have believed\nin them from our cradles. I am positive, however, that had the LXX, the\nauthors of the Vulgate, Rashi, and the translators of the authorised\nversion, known the locality of Wady Mokatteb, they would have hesitated\nbefore they put so unnatural a construction on the word. Aye, and DR.\nTODD too, if he were in the valley, and traced, with his generally\ncorrect mind, the wanderings of the people of Israel, would have\nexclaimed, \"Surely this is none other than the Kibroth Hattavah of\nScripture, and rightly named \"\u05dd\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05db.\"\n\nOnkelos, however, in his _Chaldee Paraphrase_--DR. TODD evidently\noverlooked that, for he grouped the _Chaldee Paraphrase_ amongst the\nmistranslators--renders the words \u05dd\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05db\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d5 literally and\ngrammatically by the Chaldee words \u05d0\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05db\u05d1 \u05df\u05d5\u05e0\u05d0\u05d5, \"And they\nwere amongst the inscriptions.\"\n\nBut do not the words \"but they went not out into the tabernacle, and\nthey prophesied in the camp,\" \"completely overturn my hypothesis?\" They\nmay according to DR. TODD'S criticisms, but not according to the correct\nsense of that interesting portion of Scripture. The people in the camp\nwere evidently under the impression that it was not right for any one\nbut the seventy to prophesy, nor was it lawful to prophesy any where\nelse but at the tabernacle, as they were accustomed to hear Moses do;\nthe fact, therefore, that two men, who were _not_ of the seventy, and\nfar away from the tabernacle, probably in the very centre of the camp of\nIsrael, which I conceive Wady Mokatteb to have been, being gifted with a\nspirit of prophecy, seemed so astounding and unprecedented in the\nhistory of Israel's wanderings, that the inspired writer is induced to\nmake a particular note of the few circumstances connected with that\nextraordinary event.\n\nThe above is a _fair_, _sound_, and _well-digested_ view of the passage\nin question. Adding to it the stubborn fact--which _Dr. Todd_\nignores--that where the ancient maps have Kibroth Hattavah, the modern\nmaps have Wady Mokatteb, the conclusion is inevitable that _Wady\nMokatteb is mentioned in Num. xi. 26_.\n\n    MOSES MARGOLIOUTH.\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n\"_Theophania_\" (Vol. i., p. 174.).--An inquiry is made by your\ncorrespondent as to the author of this romance, printed in 4to. in 1655,\nto which no answer has yet been returned. In my copy, under \"By an\nEnglish Person of Quality,\" in the title-page, is written, in a\ncontemporary handwriting, \"Sr. W. Sales.\" In the same handwriting is a\nMS. key, annexed to the book, to all the names. This is too long to copy\nhere, but if your correspondent wishes for a transcript I shall be\nhappy to supply him with one.\n\n    JAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n_Royal Library_ (Vol. iv., p. 446.).--I cannot let GRIFFIN'S observation\non my contradiction of the fable about an intended sale of the library\nto Russia pass unanswered, as it might seem as if I acquiesced in his\ncriticism, and so leave a doubt on the point. He asks, \"Must the story\nbe false because the Princess de Lieven never heard of it? that is, must\na whole story be untrue if a part of it is?\" To which I answer, Yes,\nwhen the part refuted is the sole evidence for the rest. The story of\nthe sale to Russia stood on the _sole_ alleged evidence of the Princess\nde Lieven. I had myself good reason to believe that the story was false,\nbut I delayed contradicting it on general grounds, till I had obtained\nthe direct testimony of the Princess that she had not only not said or\ndone what had been imputed to her, but that she had _never before heard\nof any such proposition_. Those who know anything of the _English Court_\nand _Russian Embassy_ of those days, will acknowledge that this is also\na complete refutation of GRIFFIN'S new, but still more vague, version,\nthat _perhaps_ it was \"the _Russian ambassador, or some distinguished\nRussian_,\" that was engaged in the matter. I believe that I know as much\nabout it as any one now alive, and though I cannot trust my memory to\nstate all the details, I can venture to assert that I never heard of any\n_Russian_ proposition, and that I am confident that there never was one.\n\n    C.\n\n_Reichenbach's Ghosts_ (Vol. iv., p. 5.).--DR. MAITLAND asked what\n\"thousands of ghost-stories\" Reichenbach thought he had disproved.\nCertainly those by which it is said \"the spirits of the departed wander\nover their graves\" (Ashburner's _Reichenbach_, p. 177.). He shows that\nsuperstition to be popular in Germany. The weakness of the Baron's\n_tirade_ (a bad style, in which he rarely indulges,) lies in this, that\nthe best class of ghosts is an entirely different class. So that\nenlightenment and freedom, superstition and ignorance, have not yet\nwound up their accounts. See Gregory's _Letters to a Candid Enquirer_,\np. 277., where enlightenment and freedom get a slap on the face. He\nmaintains that even grave-lights (probably) humaniform apparitions; and\nthat all other ghost-stories, not connected with the place of interment,\nequally belong to bi-od or animal magnetism.\n\n    A. N.\n\n_Marriage Tithe in Wales_ (Vol. v., p. 29.).--It is well known to your\nreaders that the whole of the tithes in England and Wales have recently\nbeen commuted for rent-charges; and the present writer can confidently\naffirm that, throughout the commutation, no tithe of marriage goods has\nbeen admitted to be valid, nor does he believe that any such tithe has\nbeen claimed. Tithes in Wales have not differed in any material respect\nfrom those payable in England: an excessive subdivision of ownership\nbeing the only circumstance which is remarkable in regard to them. As\neach article of titheable produce is capable of becoming a separate\nproperty, and this property may again become divided amongst an\nindefinite number of owners, the complexity occasioned by such minute\ninterests may be imagined. The bee, for instance, produces three\ndistinct titheable articles,--honey, wax, and swarms,--and a case\nactually occurred in Wales, in which the honey belonged to one class of\nowners, and the wax and swarms to another class, one of the classes\nowning in undivided eighty-eighth parts. There have also been some\ncurious cases of modus in Wales, of which the following may be taken as\na specimen:--In a parish on the sea-coast in Pembrokeshire, an estate\nwas exempt from tithes by a modus of a cup of ale and an egg, rendered\nby way of refreshment to the parson, whenever, in consequence of the\nstate of the tide, he was compelled to pass the house of the landowner\non his way to perform divine service in the parish church.\n\n    H. P.\n\n_Paul Hoste_ (Vol. iv., p. 474.).--I would recommend your correspondent\n\u00c6GROTUS to examine the new edition of P. Paul Hoste's _Treatise on Naval\nTactics, translated with Notes and Illustrations_, by Captain J.\nDonaldson Boswall, a 4to. vol. published in 1834, when, I have no doubt,\nhe will there find the information he is in quest of.\n\n    T. G. S.\n\n  Edinburgh.\n\n_John of Halifax_ (Vol. iii., p. 389.; Vol. v., p. 42.).--Since every\ncountry has its _Holywood_, and _de Sacrobosco_ does not distinguish\nHoly_wood_ from Hali_fax_, John of Halifax has been claimed both by\nIreland and Scotland, and, if I remember right, by some foreign\ncountries. The manuscripts of his works, as well as the earlier printed\neditions, call him _Anglus_ or _Anglicus_; and he lived in a time at\nwhich the natives of the three countries were as distinct as Frenchmen,\nSpaniards, and Italians. Bale, quoting Leland, calls him Halifax; as\ndoes Tanner: Pits gives his birth to Halifax. He was buried in the\nMaturin convent at Paris, where his epitaph existed in the sixteenth\ncentury. Pits implies that it appears from the epitaph that he died in\n1256: M\u00e6stlinus expressly affirms that it can be collected from the\nepitaph, in the _Ad Lectorem_ of his _Epitome Astronomi\u00e6_. All the\nauthorities believe him to be English; and Leland thought he traced him\nas a student at Oxford. But had the manuscripts called him anything but\nEnglish, the other evidence would not have weighed them down; for there\nare plenty of Holywoods, and there was, notoriously, a press of foreign\nstudents to Oxford in the thirteenth century. But name and residence in\nEngland may come in aid of the manuscripts.\n\nThe statement that he died in 1244 probably arises as follows. In the\nepitaph, according to Pits, are the following lines:--\n\n      M. Christi bis C quarto deno quater anno\n      De Sacrobosco discrevit tempora Ramus\n      Gratia cui nomen dederat divina Johannis,\n\nmeaning that in 1244 a bough from the holy wood _discrevit tempora_.\nThis Pits calls an obscure reference to the time of his death, in the\nsame sentence in which he places that time in 1256. Very obscure indeed,\nif a reference to his death in 1256 be intended. But if _discrevit\ntempora_ refer, not to death, but to the matter of his celebrated work\n_de anni ratione, seu ... computus Ecclesiasticus_, there is no\nobscurity at all. And at the end of a Merton manuscript of this\n_computus_, Tanner found the preceding lines inserted; the copyist\ntaking them to allude, of course, to the date of the book.\n\n    M.\n\n_Age of Trees_ (Vol. iv., p. 401.).--Your correspondent L. inquires\nafter authentic evidence respecting the age of ancient trees:\n\n  \"In the 12th vol. of Loudon's _Gardener's Magazine_, p. 588., the\n  Cowthorpe Oak [standing at the extremity of the village of\n  Cowthorpe, near Wetherby in Yorkshire], is said to be 'undoubtedly\n  the largest tree at present known in the kingdom.'\n\n  \"Professor Burnet says, 'the Cowthorpe Oak is sixteen hundred\n  years old. We may ask, how is this ascertained? From tradition, or\n  calculated on botanical data? If the latter, it is possibly far\n  removed from truth. The method of calculating the age of\n  dicotyledonous trees, with _hollow trunks_' [and he elsewhere\n  says, so large is the hollow of the Cowthorpe Oak, that it is\n  reported to have had upwards of seventy persons at one time\n  therein assembled], 'is by multiplying the number of rings\n  comprised in a given portion of the remaining wood, by the\n  proportion which half the entire diameter of the trunk bears to\n  the selected portion.... It is evident, however, that this\n  calculation proceeds on the assumption of two circumstances, whose\n  probable variations may seriously affect the result.\n\n  \"'1st. That all the rings are of equal width.\n\n  \"'2nd. That each ring is of uniform width on both sides of the\n  tree.\n\n  \"'It is known that the width of the rings diminishes with the age\n  of the tree, until, at the latter part of its life, they are of\n  very inconsiderable width, compared with those near the centre of\n  the trunk.... Again, it is also known that the width of the rings\n  differs according to season, being of course wider in those\n  seasons most favourable to the action of the leaves, and the\n  general processes of growth; but greatly diminished in seasons\n  affected by blight, cold, or other causes of injury to the leaves.\n  It also happens that the rings are often of unequal width on\n  opposite sides of the trunk.... While, if the tree be so hollow as\n  to have no portion of its centre remaining ... will expose the\n  calculation to ... error. In reference, therefore, to the\n  Cowthorpe Oak, we abandon all scientific pretension.'\"\n\nThe foregoing is extracted from an account of the Cowthorpe Oak by C.\nEmpson, Esq., 1842: Ackerman, Strand.\n\n    COKELY.\n\n\"_Mirabilis Liber_\" (Vol. iv., p. 474.).--I have a copy of this book,\nfrom which a \"prophecy\" is quoted in \"N. & Q.\" p. 474., but the\ntranslation there given differs from the prophecy, as given in my book.\nI have therefore copied it out _at length_, and exactly as given in the\noriginal, with all the faults of barbarous Latin and want of stops.\n\nMy book is a small 8vo. without date: the first part in Latin, and the\nsecond in French, in Gothic characters. The colophon runs thus: \"On les\nvend au roy David en la rue St. Jacques.\"[5]\n\n  [Footnote 5: [For a notice of the various editions of this work,\n  see Brunet, _Manuel du Libraire_, _s. v._ Mirabilis, tome iii. p.\n  401.--ED.]]\n\nThe \"prophet\" is _S. Severus_ not _S. C\u00e6sario_.\n\n  \"PROPHETIA SANCTI SEVERI ARCHIEPISCOPI.\n\n  \"Propter incohabitationem doni tertii reviviscet scisma in\n  ecclesi\u00e2 Dei tunc erunt duo sponsi unus verus alter adulter.\n  Adulter vero videlicet pars diabolica qu\u00e6 ecclesia appellatur erit\n  tanta strages et sanguinis effusio quanta nunquam fuit ex quo\n  gigantes fuerunt. Legitimus sponsus fugiet, ecce leo surget et\n  aquila nigra veniens ex liguri\u00e2 et quasi fulgens eradicabit nido\n  suos sexatioribus pennis et tunc incipient tribulationes et pr\u00e6lia\n  terrena et marina et clamabitur pax et non invenietur:\n  blasphemabitur nomen domini et non erit ratio in terr\u00e2 unusquisque\n  opprimabitur potentiam suam. V\u00e6 tibi civitas gentium et divitiarum\n  in principio. Sed gaudebis in fine. V\u00e6 tibi civitas philosophorum\n  gaudeas. O terra filii Noe edificata quia prefatum habebis gaudium\n  et totam dominaberis romandiolam. V\u00e6 tibi civitas philosophorum\n  subdita erit. V\u00e6 tibi lombardi\u00e6 gens turres etiam gaudii tui\n  dirimentur. Ecce leo magnus et gallicus obviabit aquil\u00e6: et feriet\n  caput ejus eritque bellum immensum et mors valida unus eorum\n  amittet fugietque in thuciam illic reassumet vires.\n\n  \"Et Romandiolam qu\u00e6 tunc caput itali\u00e6 erit in eurola civitate\n  coronam accipiet ecce pr\u00e6lia et mortalitatis qu\u00e6 non fuerunt ab\n  origine mundi neque erunt usque in finem quia illic congregabuntur\n  ab omni natione.\n\n  \"Unus eorum vincet et ibit in elephantem: et ibi ponet sedem\n  antiquam et declarabitur quia fiet postea unus pastor in ecclesia\n  Dei recipiet utramque ecclesiam cardinalium cum maxim\u00e2 pace et\n  pr\u00e6dictus sponsus de dignitate columbinarum assumetur... Tunc\n  temporanee ecclesie et civitatis et dignitati columbinarum in\n  romandiola dabuntur et sua operatione fiet concorditer pax et\n  unitas pr\u00e6dictorum. Et pr\u00e6dictus rex diu regnabit in regno suo: et\n  deponentur omnes tyranni de ecclesia Dei et sub nomine regis\n  gubernabuntur omnia: et universitas sanctorum credet in eligendum\n  tanquam verum sponsum et pastorem pr\u00e6dictum. Et non erit amplius\n  scisma usque ad tempora antichristi. Et fiet passagium per\n  pr\u00e6dictum regem et gentes armorum quas secum ducet: et tunc fiet\n  quasi conversio generalis ad fidem Christi per leonem magnum et\n  regem pr\u00e6dictum qu\u00e0m qui tunc in romandiola: et semper gaudebunt\n  quia erunt amici et perpetui.\"\n\n    W. S.\n\n  Denton.\n\n_C\u00e6sarius, &c._--No facts have yet occurred to convince me but that all\nprophecies are stuff; by no means excepting those which Dr. Gregory\nprinted in _Blackwood for 1850_, and from which (more strange) he is\nunweaned in 1851. Seeing that you have reprinted (Vol. iv., p. 471.) the\nprophecy falsely ascribed to that ancient Latin father, C\u00e6sarius\nArelatensis, I beg leave to mention that I published in the _British\nMagazine for 1846_ an historical and chronological explanation of that\nmodern forgery, as well as of the far more ancient predictions ascribed\nto Queen Basina. Thomas of Ercildoun was anterior in date to the\npseudo-C\u00e6sarius, and borrowed the idea of _his_ French revolution from\nBasina's, if, indeed, that prophecy be authentically from his pen, of\nwhich the proofs are very slender. See it quoted in Walter Scott's\n_Poet. Works_, vi. p. 236., ed. 1820.\n\nI wish to be informed in what sense, and for what reason, Walter Scott\nin the same page calls the prophecy-man Robert Fleming, \"Mass Robert\nFleming.\"\n\n    A. N.\n\n_Tripos_ (Vol. iv., p. 484.).--The original _tripos_, from which the\nCambridge class lists have derived their names, was _a three-legged\nstool_, on which on Ash Wednesday a Bachelor of one or two years'\nstanding (called therefrom the _Bachelor of the Stool_) used formerly to\ntake his seat, and play the part of public disputant in the quaint\nproceedings which accompanied admission to the degree of B.A. In course\nof time the name was transferred from the stool to him that sat on it,\nand the disputant was called the _Tripos_; and thence by successive\nsteps it passed to the _day_ when the three-legged stool became \"for the\nnonce\" a post of honour; then to the _lists_ published on that day,\ncontaining the seniority of commencing B.A.s arranged according to the\npleasure of the Proctors; and ultimately it obtained the enlarged\nmeaning now universally recognised, according to which it stands for the\nexamination whether in mathematics, classics, moral or physical science,\nas well as the list by which the result of that examination is made\nknown.\n\nThe Latin verses which do, or till very lately did, accompany the\nprinted lists, and which it was expected were to partake more or less of\na burlesque character, are the only existing relics of the functions of\nthe _Bachelor of the Stool_ (performed in 1556/7 by Abp. Whitgift), to\nwhom, as to the _Pr\u00e6varicator_ at commencements, or the _Terr\u00e6 Filius_\nat Oxford, considerable license of language was allowed; a privilege\nwhich, in spite of the exhortation of the Father (see Bedle Buck's book)\n\"to be witty but modest withal,\" was not unfrequently abused.\n\nThose who desire further information on this subject may consult the\nappendixes to Dean Peacock's admirable work _On the Statutes of the\nUniversity_, pp. ix. x. lxx.\n\n    E. V.\n\n\"_Please the Pigs_\" (Vol. v., p. 13.).--The editorial reply to my query\nabout the origin of this expression is very ingenious, and appears at\nfirst sight to be very probable; and, of course, if it can be shown to\nrest upon authority, it will be accounted satisfactory. But [and here\nlet me say, how conscious I am that it savours something of presumption\nto be butting my buts against editorial sapience which has been brought\nto the aid of my own confessed ignorance; yet, as that \"purry furry\ncreature with a tail yclept a cat\" may with impunity cast its feline\nglances at a king, I am emboldened to hope that \"a pig without a tail\"\nmay enjoy the immunity of projecting just one porcine squint at an\neditor. And so to my _but_ right boldly, though perhaps as blunderingly\nas pigs are wont] the sound of the word \"pyx\" has suggested to my mind\nanother solution which, while it is much less ingenious, appears to me\nto be much more probable. May not the saying be a simple corruption,\n_all' allegria_, of \"please the _pixies_?\" This would save the metonymy,\nand would also avoid what I conceive to be a more formidable difficulty\nattaching to the idea of \"please the _Host_\"--viz., the fact that,\nalthough I have travelled and resided not a little in Roman Catholic\ncountries, in France, Italy, Spain, and the Mediterranean Islands, I\nnever yet have heard any expression which could be supposed to involve\nthe idea of favour or disfavour from the Host; albeit such expressions\napplying to the several persons of the blessed Trinity, and to every\nsaint in the calendar, are rife in every mouth.\n\nHaving no authority, however, for my conjecture, I put it in the form of\na Query, in the hope of provoking an authoritative decision.\n\n    PORCUS.\n\n_Basnet Family_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.; Vol. iv., p. 77.).--My attention\nhas been directed to the inquiries made touching this family, and I have\nlooked into my Manuscript Collections for such as related to the name. I\nfind them distinguished by me into Bassenet and Basnet, though the\nlatter writer on the subject identifies them as one and the same. The\nclassification in my books subdivides the notices I possess (as in the\ninstance of other pedigrees, 3000 surnames, for which I have gathered\nillustrations), according to the localities where _they_ fix the name.\nThese references are numerous in Ireland, and far more in England;\nespecially in Berkshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Essex,\nLeicestershire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire,\nShropshire, Staffordshire, and Surrey; as well as in MSS. of rare\naccess. These various notices would be too numerous, and, to the many,\ntoo uninteresting, to engross your pages, or I would gladly draw them\nout. Those who feel interested may receive further information on\ncommunicating their wishes to me by letter.\n\n    JOHN D'ALTON.\n\n  48. Summer Hill, Dublin, New Year's Day, 1852.\n\n_Serjeants' Rings_ (Vol. v., p. 59.).--T. P. asks if the custom of\nserjeants-at-law presenting rings on taking the coif prevailed so long\nback as 1670-80; and in C. W. Johnson's _Life of Sir Edward Coke_, 1845\n(vol. i. p. 217.), he will find as follows:\n\n  \"On the rings given by Coke were inscribed, 'Lex est tutissima\n  cassis'--the law is the safest helmet--a motto which has been\n  thought very well to apply to his future fortunes.\n\n  \"This custom of giving rings is of very old standing. Chancellor\n  Fortescue, who wrote about 1465, tells us that all Serjeants, at\n  their appointment, 'shall give rings of gold to the value of forty\n  pounds at the least; and your Chancellor well remembereth that at\n  the time he received this state and degree, the rings which he\n  then gave stood him in fifty pounds.' (_Laud. Leg._, c. 59.)\n  Dugdale also gives an account of the Serjeants' rings in 1556.\n  Some rings given in 1669 were objected to as wanting weight.\"\n\nI do not know where to refer T. P. for any record of the rings; but I\nthink if the mottoes and names of donors could be obtained, a very\namusing paper might be furnished; the variety would be great, some, as\nCoke's, alluding to the importance of law; some, as Serjeant Onslow's\n\"Festina lente,\" punning on the name, &c.\n\n    E. N. W.\n\n  Southwark.\n\n  [We should be obliged by our correspondents furnishing any such\n  particulars of the mottoes and donors of Serjeants' rings as they\n  may meet with in their reading.]\n\n\"_Crowns have their Compass_\" (Vol. iv., p. 428.).--The author of these\nlines was Robert Barker, as is ascertained from a MS. in the Ashmolean\nMuseum, quoted in Halliwell's _Life of Shakspeare_, p. 207., where they\nare entitled, \"Certayne verses wrighten by Mr. Robert Barker, his\nMajestis printer, under his Majestis picture.\" This is quite\nconfirmatory of, and is confirmed by, MARGARET GATTY'S communication.\n\n    R.\n\n  [A. GRAYAN, who refers us to Dibdin's _Ames_, vol. ii. p. 1090.,\n  for the foregoing information, adds, that the last line in the MS.\n  reads--\n\n      \"That knowledge makes _the_ Kinge most like his\n      Maker.\"]\n\n_Hell paved with the Skulls of Priests_ (Vol. iv., p. 484.).--The French\npriest referred to in this Query had most probably quoted, at second or\nthird hand, and with rhetorical embellishment--certainly not from the\noriginal direct--an expression of St. Chrysostom, in his third homily on\nthe Acts of the Apostles:\n\n  \"\u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u03bf\u1f36\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff7\n  \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.\"\n\n  \"I know not if there be many in the priesthood who are saved, but\n  I know that many more perish.\"\n\nGibbon has also quoted this passage at second hand (v. 399. note z.),\nfor he says:\n\n  \"Chrysostom declares his free opinion (tom. ix. hom. iii. in Act.\n  Apostol. p. 29.) that the number of _bishops_ who might be saved,\n  bore a very small proportion to those who would be damned.\"\n\nIt may be safely asserted that the above expression of Chrysostom is the\nstrongest against the priesthood to be found in any of the Christian\nFathers of authority in the Church.\n\n    T. J. BUCKTON.\n\n  Lichfield.\n\n_Cooper's Miniature of Cromwell_ (Vol. v., p. 17.).--The writer saw a\nbeautiful miniature of this celebrated man by Cooper in the possession\nof Monckton Milnes, Esq., M.P.\n\n    W. A.\n\n_King Street Theatre_ (Vol. v., p. 58.).--For the information of your\ncorrespondent B. N., I beg to suggest the \"Bristol Theatre\" as the one\nreferred to on the _silver_ ticket of admission; it having been situated\nin King Street in that city long before the days of Garrick, and there\nit now stands. And although _silver_ is still the medium of admission to\nit, silver _counters_ have ceased to exist in connexion with it. In its\npalmy days I doubt not it possessed such luxuries, it having been\nconsidered one of the best schools for actors out of London.\n\n    J. H.\n\n_Groom, Meaning of_ (Vol. v., p. 57.).--_Guma_ in Anglo-Saxon, and the\n_Codex Argenteus_, means simply man. Horne Tooke derives bridegroom from\nit.\n\n  \"Consider groom of the chambers, groom-porter.\"--_Nares._\n\nHerd grooms, in Spenser's _Pastorals_, and a passage in Massinger:\nGifford, vol. iii. p. 435.\n\nGrome is quoted by Halliwell, as meaning a man. Also _gome_, which he\nsays lasted till the civil wars.\n\n    C. B.\n\n_Schola Cordis_ (Vol. iv., p. 404.).--MARICONDA asks for Mr. Tegg's\nauthority for attributing the _Schola Cordis_ to Quarles in his edition\nof 1845.\n\nThe following extract from a very interesting and characteristic note,\ndated November 24, 1845, that I received from Mr. Tegg in reply to my\nquery of a similar description, will afford the information:--\n\n  \"Quarles' works were originally printed for me by Mr. Whittingham\n  of Chiswick, who, with my approbation, engaged the Rev. Mr.\n  Singer to edit the works. It was from this edition I printed my\n  books,\" [_i.e._ the edition of 1845.]\n\nTo show the energy of the publisher, and in justice to all the parties\nconcerned, I may add, that four days later he wrote me word, that he\n\"had begun to make inquiry and collate the various editions of Quarles\"\nwith his own; and adds, \"I have the great satisfaction of saying that my\neditor has not omitted any article, however trivial, that was inserted\nin the original editions.\" He afterwards says that he has \"seen\nseventeen\" editions; and concludes by remarking, \"that I consider no\ntime or money lost when in pursuit of truth.\"\n\nWill you allow me to suggest that few of your readers would regret to\nsee some of your pages occupied with a correct bibliographical account\nof the various productions of both Quarles and Withers.\n\n    MATERRE.\n\n_Greek Names of Fishes_ (Vol. iv. p. 501.).--The \u1f40\u03c1\u03c6\u1f78\u03c2 may\nperhaps be recognised by the zoologist from the following\ncharacteristics given by Aristotle in his history of animals:\n\n  \"1. It is of speedy growth (b. v. c. 9.). 2. Keeps close in shore\n  (b. viii. c. 13.). 3. Burrows in holes, as the lamprey and conger\n  (b. viii. c. 15.). 4. Lives only on animal food like other\n  cartilaginous fishes (b. viii. c. 2.).\"\n\nIt is therefore of Cuvier's series, _chondropterigii_, of which the\nsturgeon is _facile princeps_.\n\nThe \u03bc\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 is classed by Aristotle (b. vi. c. 15.) under the\ngeneral term \u1f00\u03c6\u03cd\u03b7, which appears to correspond well with\nCuvier's genus _clupea_ (including the herring, pilchard, sprat,\nwhite-bait, &c), and was taken, Aristotle says, all the year, except\nfrom autumn to spring, which corresponds with the migrations of this\ngenus; the shad coming in May and departing in July, the anchovy\nappearing from May to July, the pilchard in July, the herring in October\nand beginning of November, and the sprat in November. The \u1f00\u03c6\u03cd\u03b7,\nhe also says, were salted for keeping. The \u03bc\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 was\nobtained in the Phaleric harbour (b. vi. c. 15.), close to the marsh and\nstreet of the same name at Athens.[6] Aristotle also represents the\n\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 as coming from the \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, and the latter\nfrom the \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2; hence it is to be inferred that the\nfishermen called this fish at different stages of its growth by\ndifferent names, in mistake. The \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 appear also to have\nbeen as abundant at Athens as sprats are with us, the latter selling\nsometimes at sixpence the bushel, and being used for manure, whilst\nAristophanes mentions the price of five farthings (one _obolus_) the\nhundred of \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 (_Knights_, 662.). The \u1f00\u03c6\u03cd\u03b7 was\nobtained from the Attic shores of Salamine and Marathon (_Aristot. H.\nA._ b. vi. c. 15.), and the supply was stopped or much diminished by war\n(_Knights_, 644.). The \u1f40\u03c1\u03c6\u1f78\u03c2 was a more valuable fish than the\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, as the refusing the latter and buying the former\nfurnished the next stallman with the opportunity of insinuating that the\npurchaser was forgetful of liberty, equality, &c. (_Wasps_, 494.;\n_Knights_, 851.). Theodore Gaza, the Latin translator of Aristotle's\n_History of Animals_, renders \u1f40\u03c1\u03c6\u1f78\u03c2 by _cernua_. Amongst his\nvarious banquets, Homer never mentions _fish_, afterwards admitted as a\ndelicacy of the costliest kind at Grecian and Roman feasts.\n\n  [Footnote 6: Not from a fish called _Phalerica_, as stated in\n  Scapula's lexicon.]\n\n    T. J. BUCKTON.\n\n  Lichfield.\n\n_Dutch Commentary on Pope_ (Vol. v., p. 27.).--The passage in Pope has\nnothing to do with ducks and drakes.\n\n  \"Verbum quo utitur Popius, monstrat, cogit\u00e2sse eum de quodam quod\n  cadit, non quod jacitur. Sed neque est _lapis_. Cur de Hollandico\n  loquitur? quia ut puto, latrin\u00e6 in Hollandi\u00e2 pedit\u00e6 sunt aliquando\n  super aquam, ibi abundantem, _circuli_ sunt ii, quos omne quod\n  cadit in aquam, natur\u00e2 facit.\"\n\nThere is the same idea, as Warburton observes, in the _Essay on Man_,\nep. iv. 364.\n\n    C. B.\n\n_Sir William Hankford_ (Vol. v., p. 43.).--I see that MR. FOSS (_Judges\nof England_, vol. iv. p. 325.) disbelieves the story of the suicide of\nSir William Hankford, as told by Prince in his _Worthies of Devon_,\nbecause there was then nothing in the political horizon to justify the\n\"direful apprehension of dangerous approaching evils,\" assigned by\nPrince as the judge's inducement for wishing to die. His death, however\nit occurred, happened in 1422.\n\nMR. FOSS'S doubts seem in some measure to be warranted by the fact that\nHolinshed places the incident about half a century later, in 1470 or\n1471; and he thinks it more probable (_Ibid._ p. 427.) that the suicidal\nstory may apply to Sir Robert Danby, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas,\nbecause that judge disappeared in the latter year; and the circumstances\nof the time were really such as were likely to excite the fears\ndescribed as the cause of the catastrophe. Sir Robert Danby, who had\nbeen a judge of the Common Pleas under Henry VI., was made chief justice\nof that court by Edward IV. in 1461, the first year of that king's\nreign. On the restoration of Henry VI. in 1470, he was continued in his\noffice, and the sudden return of Edward IV. in the following year might\noccasion an apprehension in a weak mind sufficiently strong to lead to\nthe tragical result. Certain it is that a new chief justice, Sir Thomas\nBrian, was then appointed, and nothing more is told of Sir Robert Danby.\n\nThe Hankford's Oak at Annery, the remains of which were seen by Prince,\nwas as likely to have received its name from its having been planted by\nHankford, as from its being the spot where he died.\n\nPerhaps some correspondents may be able to throw more light on the\ntransaction, and assist in deciding which is the correct version.\n\n    R. S. V. P.\n\n_Abigail_ (Vol. iv., p. 424.; Vol. v., p. 38.).--We are told in No. 115.\nthat Abigail was a _handmaid_. The Bible, however, tells us, that she\nwas the _wife_ of Nabal, a rich man, as I pointed out in a letter which\nhas not been printed. Speaking to David, no doubt, she repeatedly uses\nthe common phrase in the Bible, \"thine handmaid,\" which would equally\nprove that the Virgin Mary was a servant.\n\n    C. B.\n\n_Moravian Hymns_ (Vol. iv., p. 502.; Vol. v., pp. 30. 63.).--With regard\nto Moravian hymns, it would be very valuable to know whether the little\nbook by Rimius, London, 1753, is really honest, which contains such\nshocking and inconceivable extracts from them. It is a translation from\na Dutch book by Stinstra.\n\n    C. B.\n\n\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nWhen we consider the popularity attached to the illustrious name of\nHumboldt, and the great interest excited by the publication of his\ntravels, we scarcely think Mr. Bohn is doing himself justice by\nincluding the _Personal Narrative of Travels in the Equinoctial Region\nof America during the Years_ 1799-1804, _by Alexander von Humboldt and\nAim\u00e9 Bonpland_; _written in French by Alexander von Humboldt: translated\nand edited by Thomasina Ross_, of which the first volume is now before\nus, in his _Scientific Library_. His doing so will have a tendency to\ndiscourage its perusal by many readers who, having no claim to be\nconsidered scientific, will be deterred from opening the pages of a book\nwhich, had they met with it in the _Standard Library_, they would have\nread and re-read with all the interest which Humboldt's power of\ncontemplating nature in all her grandeur and variety, and of recording\nthe impressions produced by such contemplations, can never fail to\nexcite. We hope this brief notice may be the means of recommending this\nvaluable work to the general reader; to the scientific one it has been\nso long known, as to render any such recommendation not at all\nnecessary.\n\nWe spoke so favourably of _The Woman's Journey round the World_, when\nnoticing the translation of it issued by Messrs. Longman in their\n_Traveller's Library_, that we have now only to record the appearance of\nanother translation in the _Illustrated National Library_, which differs\nfrom the former in being given in an unabridged form; and accompanied by\nsome dozen clever illustrations.\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nGIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Vol. II. Dublin. Luke White. 1789.\n\nELSLEY ON THE GOSPEL AND ACTS. London, 1833. Vol. I.\n\nARISTOPHANES, Bekker. London, 1829. In 2 vols. Vol. II.\n\nSPENSER'S WORKS. Pickering's edition, 1839. Sm. 8vo. Vol. V.\n\nWHARTON'S ANGLIA SACRA. Fol. Vol. II.\n\nLYDGATE'S BOKE OF TROGE. 4to. 1555. (Any fragment.)\n\nCOLERIDGE'S TABLE TALK. Vol. I. Murray. 1835.\n\nTHE BARBERS (a poem), by W. Hutton. 8vo. 1793. (Original edition, not\nthe fac-simile.)\n\nTHE DOCTRINE AND PRACTICE OF THE CHURCH OF ROME TRULY REPRESENTED, by\nEdw. Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester, edited by William Cunningham,\nMin. Edinburgh.\n\nA CATECHISM TRULY REPRESENTING THE DOCTRINES AND PRACTICES OF THE CHURCH\nOF ROME, with an Answer to them, by John Williams, M.A.\n\nTHE SALE CATALOGUE OF J. T. BROCKETT'S LIBRARY OF BRITISH AND FOREIGN\nHISTORY, &C. 1823.\n\nDODD'S CERTAMEN UTRIUSQUE ECCLESI\u00c6; OR A LIST OF ALL THE EMINENT\nWRITERS, CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS, SINCE THE REFORMATION. 1724.\n\nDODD'S APOLOGY FOR THE CHURCH HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 1742. 12mo.\n\nSPECIMENS FOR AMENDMENTS FOR DODD'S CHURCH HISTORY, 1741. 12mo.\n\nJOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (Several\nCopies are wanting, and it is believed that many are lying in London or\nDublin.)\n\nCH. THILLON (DE HALLE) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APOCRYPHES. Leipsic,\n1832.\n\nTHEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED, ETC. 4to. 1726.\n\nA SERMON preached at Fulham in 1810 by the REV. JOHN OWEN of Paglesham,\non the death of Mrs. Prowse, Wicken Park, Northamptonshire (Hatchard).\n\nF\u00dcSSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTR\u00c4GE ZUR ERL\u00c4UTERUNG DER\nKIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES. 5 Vols. Zurich,\n1741.\n\n[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage\nfree_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186.\nFleet Street.\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nC. & J. S., _who inquire respecting the phrase_ \"At Sixes and Sevens,\"\n_are referred to our_ 3rd Vol. pp. 118. 425.\n\nJ. E. S. _will find the line_:\n\n  \"When Greeks joined Greeks then was the tug of war,\"\n\n_in Nat. Lee's_ Alexander the Great.\n\nW. S. S. _We are obliged by our correspondent's offer respecting the_\nLiber Festivalis, _which we are only deterred from accepting from the\nfear that want of room may prevent our using his notes._\n\n_The title of the Rev. J. Robertson's book, referred to in our answer\nto_ G. S. M. _in out last week's Number, is_, \"How shall we conform to\nthe LITURGY?\" _not_ \"Litany,\" _as was inadvertently printed._\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED.--_Clerical Members of Parliament--Lords\nMarchers--Hexameter Verses in the Scriptures--Learned Men\nnamed Bacon--Derivation of Eva--Collar of SS.--Meaning of\nDelighted--Sleckstone--Serjeants' Rings--Son of the\nMorning--Voltaire--The Golden Bowl--Olivarius--Moravian\nHymns--Tripos--Age of Trees--Parish Registers--Quarter\nWaggoner--Valentine's Day--Inveni Portum--Epigram on\nBurnet--Crosses and Crucifixes--Monody on Death of Sir\nJohn Moore--MSS. of Sir H. St. George--Preached from a\nPulpit--Coverdale's Bible--Allen of Rossull--Slavery in\nScotland--Boiling to Death--Execution of Charles I.--Reichenbach's\nGhost Stories._\n\nVOLUME THE FOURTH OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with very copious_ INDEX, _is\nnow ready, price 9_s._ 6_d._ cloth boards._\n\n_Neat Cases for holding the Numbers of_ \"N. & Q.\" _until the completion\nof each Volume are now ready, price_ 1_s._ 6_d., and may be had by order\nof all booksellers and newsmen._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them\nto their Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n_Errata._--In Mr. Russell Smith's advertisement last week, the address\nshould have been \"36, Soho Square,\" the words \"36, Soho Square removed\nfrom\" having been accidentally omitted. Page 29. col. 1. l. 1. for\n\"_Albus_\" read \"Abbas,\" l. 25 for \"Nic_h_olas\" read \"Nicolas;\" p. 30.\ncol. 1. l. 1. for \"Bu_n_ell\" read \"_Burrell_;\" p. 35. col. 1. l. 21. for\n\"Tw_ens_low\" read \"Tw_em_low.\"\n\n\n\n\nGENEALOGICAL CHART OF WELSH HISTORY.\n\n  Now Ready, Second Edition, Price, coloured (and either varnished\n  and handsomely mounted on Mahogany Rollers, or elegantly bound and\n  gilt), 30_s._ to Subscribers,\n\n  THE GENEALOGY of WELSH HISTORY from the earliest times, with\n  Historical and Chronological Data respecting 1200 Persons, and 450\n  References to existing Families. BY I. J. H. HARRIS, Head Master\n  of the Grammar School, St. Asaph; who will supply those who write\n  to him direct at the above price.\n\n  Price to Non-subscribers, Two Guineas.\n\n  London: W. HUGHES, Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Row.\n\n\nTHE LIFE OF JUDGE STORY.\n\n  This day is published, in 2 vols. 8vo., price 30_s._, with a\n  Portrait.\n\n  LIFE AND LETTERS of JOSEPH STORY, the Eminent American Jurist,\n  Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and\n  Dane Professor of Law at Harvard University. Edited by his Son,\n  WILLIAM W. STORY.\n\n    \"Greater than any law writer of which England can boast since the\n    days of Blackstone.\"--_Lord Campbell in the House of Lords, April\n    7_, 1843.\n\n  London: JOHN CHAPMAN, 142. Strand; Edinburgh: MACLACHLAN, STEWART,\n  & Co.\n\n\nJust published, and forwarded to Gentlemen on receipt of their address.\n\n  CATALOGUE OF AN EXTENSIVE AND VERY INTERESTING LIBRARY OF BOOKS.\n  The genuine property of a distinguished Collector, lately\n  deceased. 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R. B. PAUL, late Fellow of Exeter\n  College, Oxford; and edited by the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD,\n  M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and Late Fellow of Trinity College,\n  Cambridge.\n\n  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Churchyard, and Waterloo Place;\n\n  Of whom may be had, the following HANDBOOKS for the CLASSICAL\n  STUDENT, edited by the Rev. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A.:\n\n  GRECIAN ANTIQUITIES, 3_s._ 6_d._--ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, 3_s._\n  6_d._--ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY, 6_s._ 6_d._--MEDI\u00c6VAL\n  GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY, 4_s._ 6_d._--MODERN GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY,\n  5_s._ 6_d._\n\n    \"The leading characteristic of these Handbooks is their exceeding\n    simplicity, the excellent order with which they are arranged, the\n    completeness of their details, and the remarkable accuracy and\n    elaborate erudition which they exhibit in every page. They have\n    this further advantage, which it is impossible to\n    over-estimate;--that they bring down their respective subjects to\n    the very latest period, and present us with the results of the\n    most recent investigations of the critics and antiquarians by whom\n    they have been discussed\"--_Dublin Review._\n\n\nSPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS.\n\n  INTENDING Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the\n  principles, rates, and whole provisions of the SCOTTISH PROVIDENT\n  INSTITUTION with those of any existing company.\n\n  In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the\n  policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal\n  liability. It claims superiority, however, over other mutual\n  offices in the following particulars.\n\n  1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See\n  specimens below.(*)\n\n  2. A more accurate adjustment of the rates of premium to the\n  several ages.\n\n  3. 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H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of\n  St. Paul's. The Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable\n  also to Two or One, including Chants for the Services, Responses\n  to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B.\n  SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat,\n  in morocco cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21.\n  Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post\n  Office Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal\n  Booksellers and Music Warehouses.\n\n    \"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected\n    with our Church and Cathedral Service.\"--_Times._\n\n    \"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this\n    country.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen.\n    Well merits the distinguished patronage under which it\n    appears.\"--_Musical World._\n\n    \"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of\n    Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto\n    appeared.\"--_John Bull._\n\n  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n  Also, lately published,\n\n  J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the\n  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._\n\n  C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.\n\n\nThe BEST is the CHEAPEST.\n\n      The Best Congou Tea           3_s._ 8_d._ per lb.\n      The Best Souchong Tea         4_s._ 4_d._   \"\n      The Best Gunpowder Tea        5_s._ 8_d._   \"\n      The Best Old Mocha Coffee     1_s._ 4_d._   \"\n      The Best West India Coffee    1_s._ 4_d._   \"\n      The Fine True Ripe Rich\n          Rare Souchong Tea         4_s._ 0_d._   \"\n\n  40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by\n\n  PHILLIPS & CO.. TEA MERCHANTS,\n\n  No. 8. King William Street, City, London.\n\n\nPrice 2_s._ 6_d._; by Post 3_s._\n\n  ILLUSTRATIONS AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the\n  Rev. S. R. MAITLAND, D.D. F.R.S. F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to the\n  late Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth.\n\n    \"One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever\n    read.\"--_Morning Herald._\n\n    \"This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a\n    larger work, will well repay serious perusal.\"--_Ir. Eccl.\n    Journ._\n\n    \"A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the\n    practices of modern Mesmerism.\"--_Nottingham Journal._\n\n    \"Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the\n    'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or\n    wrong. We thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and\n    hope that he will not long delay the remaining\n    portions.\"--_London Medical Gazette._\n\n    \"The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say\n    important. That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most\n    successful we ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this\n    brief notice; but we would strongly recommend the pamphlet even\n    to those who care nothing about Mesmerism, or _angry_ (for it has\n    come to this at last) with the subject.\"--_Dublin Evening Post._\n\n    \"We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour,\n    by one whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain\n    the genuine character of Mesmerism, which is so much\n    disputed.\"--_Woolmer's Exeter Gazette._\n\n    \"Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention on the\n    subject for many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part\n    the result of his thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in\n    it which we should have been glad to quote ... but we content\n    ourselves with referring our readers to the pamphlet\n    itself.\"--_Brit. Mag._\n\n    PIPER, BROTHERS, &  CO.,\n\n    23. Paternoster Row.\n\n\nPreparing for publication, in Numbers at 3_s._ each (to Subscribers\n2_s._ 6_d._).\n\n  REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England.\n  Drawn from the Originals. Described and illustrated by JOHN YONGE\n  AKERMAN, Fellow and Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of\n  London. The Engravings or Lithographs will, if possible, in every\n  case, be of the actual size of the objects represented. The First\n  Number will appear as soon as the names of Two Hundred Subscribers\n  have been received.\n\n  Subscribers are requested to forward their Names to the care of\n\n  MR. JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.\n\n\nLONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.\n\n  Patron: His Royal Highness Prince ALBERT.\n\n  This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000\n  volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English\n  and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of\n  the members, supplied with the best English and foreign\n  periodicals.\n\n  Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription,\n  2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._\n\n  By order of the Committee:\n\n  J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.\n\n  September, 1851.\n\n\nJust published, 8vo. cloth, pp. 240, price 10_s._ 6_d._ handsomely\nprinted on fine paper at the Dublin University Press,\n\n  THE UNRIPE WINDFALLS IN PROSE AND VERSE of JAMES HENRY, M.D.\n\n  CONTENTS: Miscellaneous Poems; Criticism on the style of Lord\n  Byron, in a Letter to the Editor of \"Notes and Queries;\" Specimen\n  of Virgilian Commentaries; Specimen of a New Metrical Translation\n  of the Eneis.\n\n  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nNow Ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 32_s._\n\n  THE GRENVILLE PAPERS; from the Archives at Stowe; being the\n  Private Correspondence of Richard Grenville, Earl Temple, and\n  George Grenville, their Friends and Contemporaries, including MR.\n  GRENVILLE'S POLITICAL DIARY. Edited by WM. JAS. SMITH, formerly\n  Librarian at Stowe. (To be completed in Four Vols.)\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nGROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE.\n\n  Now Ready, 3rd Edition, with Maps, 8vo. 16_s._ each.\n\n  HISTORY of GREECE. From the earliest period down to the Accession\n  of Philip of Macedon, B.C. 403-359. By GEORGE GROTE, Esq. Vols. I.\n  to X.\n\n  [Star symbol] Vols. IX. and X. are Just Ready.\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nMURRAY'S ILLUSTRATED PRAYER BOOK.\n\n  Now Ready, Illustrated with Ornamental Borders, Initial Letters,\n  and Engravings from the Old Masters. 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GUIZOT.\n\n  This edition contains the author's unmutilated text and notes,\n  carefully revised, with notes by the editors to correct the errors\n  of Gibbon, and especially his misstatements regarding\n  Christianity.\n\n    \"The only edition extant to which parents and guardians and\n    academical authorities ought to give any measure of\n    countenance.\"--_Quarterly Review._\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nNow Ready, Fourth Edition, Post 8vo., 15_s._\n\n  VISITS to the MONASTERIES of the LEVANT. By the Hon. ROBERT\n  CURZON, Jun. With numerous Illustrations.\n\n    \"This work is a most welcome addition to the stock of 'Travels in\n    the East,' and chiefly because it differs essentially from any\n    which have ever before fallen under our notice, whether the\n    subject-matter or the mode of handling it be considered. It\n    treats of thoroughly out-of-the-way and almost untrodden spots\n    and scenes, and in detailing the adventures which befel him in\n    his rambles in the East in quest of ancient manuscripts, the\n    author has contrived to present to the reader some eight and\n    twenty chapters of most agreeable writing, replete with\n    information on most interesting points. The result is this\n    delectable book, a bright and lively emanation from a happy and\n    cheerful mind.\"--_Times._\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nNow Ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 30_s._\n\n  THE FIRST YEARS of the AMERICAN WAR: 1763-80. By LORD MAHON.\n  Forming Vols. 5 and 6 of the HISTORY of ENGLAND from the PEACE of\n  UTRECHT.\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nUNIFORM WITH HALLAM'S LITERARY HISTORY.\n\n  Now Ready, 3 vols. 8vo., 42_s._\n\n  A HISTORY of SPANISH LITERATURE. With Criticism on Particular\n  Works, and Biographical Notices of Prominent Writers. By GEORGE\n  TICKNOR, Esq.\n\n    \"Ticknor's 'History of Spanish Literature' is a masterly\n    work.\"--_Alex. von Humboldt._\n\n    \"A record which will be read with general satisfaction, and will\n    be lastingly valued for reference.\"--_Quarterly Review._\n\n    \"The excellent 'History of Spanish Literature.'\"--_Lord Mahon's\n    Address to the Society of Antiquaries._\n\n    \"A masterly performance, and which perhaps, of all compositions\n    of the kind, has the most successfully combined popularity of\n    style with sound criticism and extensive research.\"--_Edinburgh\n    Review._\n\n    \"It is a history in the better sense--dealing with men as well as\n    books, and eliciting, from the facts of literary production, the\n    higher truths of social civilisation. There is nothing to compare\n    with it on the subject of which it treats, and we may safely\n    predict that it is likely to hold its ground as a standard book\n    in English literature.\"--_Examiner._\n\n    \"The masterly sweep of his general grasp, and the elaborated\n    finish of his constituent sketches.\"--_Morning Chronicle._\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nHANDBOOK TO THE BRITISH MUSEUM.\n\n  Now Ready, with 300 Woodcuts. Post 8vo., 7_s._ 6_d._\n\n  THE ANTIQUITIES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. Being a Description of the\n  Remains of Greek, Assyrian, Egyptian, and Etruscan Art preserved\n  there. By W. S. W. VAUX, F.S.A., Assistant in the department of\n  Antiquities, British Museum.\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nMR. HALLAM'S HISTORICAL WORKS.\n\n  Now Ready.\n\n  HALLAM'S VIEW of the STATE of EUROPE during the MIDDLE AGES. Ninth\n  Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 24_s._\n\n  II.\n\n  HALLAM'S CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY of ENGLAND, from the Accession of\n  Henry VII. to the Death of George II. Sixth Edition. 2 vols. 8vo.\n  24_s._\n\n  III.\n\n  HALLAM'S INTRODUCTION to the LITERARY HISTORY of EUROPE, during\n  the 15th, 16th, and 17th Centuries. Second Edition. 2 vols. 8vo.\n  36_s._\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nBIOGRAPHIES BY LORD CAMPBELL.\n\n  Now Ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 30_s._\n\n  LIVES OF THE CHIEF JUSTICES OF ENGLAND. From the Norman Conquest\n  to the Death of Lord Mansfield. By the Right Hon. LORD CAMPBELL.\n\n  By the Same Author, 3rd Edition, 7 vols. 8vo. 102_s._\n\n  LIVES of the LORD CHANCELLORS of ENGLAND. From the Earliest Times\n  to the Death of Lord Eldon in 1838.\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nNow Ready, with Portraits, 3 vols. 8vo., 42_s._\n\n  LIVES of the FRIENDS and CONTEMPORARIES of LORD CHANCELLOR\n  CLARENDON, Illustrative of Portraits in his Gallery; with an\n  Account of the Origin of the Collection, and a Descriptive\n  Catalogue of the Pictures. By LADY THERESA LEWIS.\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street\n\n\nNow Ready, 3 vols. 8vo., 42_s._\n\n  LIVES OF THE LINDSAYS; or, a Memoir of the HOUSES OF CRAWFORD AND\n  BALCARRES. By LORD LINDSAY. To which are added Extracts from the\n  Official Correspondence of Alexander, 6th Earl of Balcarres,\n  during the Maroon War; together with Personal Narratives, by his\n  Brothers the Hon. ROBERT, COLIN, JAMES, JOHN, and HUGH LINDSAY,\n  and by his Sister, Lady ANNE BARNARD.\n\n    \"It is by no means a constant fact, that every heraldic\n    painter shall execute his labour of love and reverence with\n    so much sincerity, delicacy, and patience, as Lord Lindsay\n    has. He has given us a book which Scott would have delighted\n    to honour.\"\n\n    \"The critic's task would be a holiday labour--instead of\n    being too often, as it is, a manufacture of bricks when the\n    supply of straw again and again fails--if it led him more\n    frequently to examine and exhibit such worthy books as Lord\n    Lindsay's.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\n  Also, by the Same, 3 vols. 8vo., 31_s._ 6_d._\n\n  SKETCHES of the HISTORY of CHRISTIAN ART.\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nNow Ready, with many Woodcuts, Post 8vo., 10_s._ 6_d._\n\n  AN ACCOUNT of the DANES AND NORTHMEN IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND\n  IRELAND. By J. J. A. WORSAAE, of Copenhagen.\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nTHE PRESENT BOOK OF THE SEASON.\n\n  This Day, with a Portrait, and Engravings of his Chief Works.\n  Printed in a Novel Style of Art, Fcap. 4to., 21_s._, in Ornamental\n  Binding.\n\n  LIFE OF THOMAS STOTHARD, R.A. With Personal Reminiscences. By MRS.\n  BRAY.\n\n  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n\nARNOLD'S SCHOOL EDITION OF ARISTOPHANES.\n\n  Now ready, in 12mo. price 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  ECLOG\u00c6 ARISTOPHANIC\u00c6, Part I.; Selections from the CLOUDS of\n  ARISTOPHANES, with ENGLISH NOTES, by Professor FELTON. Edited by\n  the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late\n  Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.\n\n  In this Edition the objectionable passages are omitted.\n\n  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Churchyard, and Waterloo Place;\n\n  Of whom may be had, the following volumes of Mr. ARNOLD'S SCHOOL\n  CLASSICS with ENGLISH NOTES.\n\n  1. SOPHOCLIS OEPIDUS TYRANNUS, 4_s._--2. The AJAX, 3_s._--3. The\n  PHILOCTETES, 3_s._--4. \u00c6SCHINES' ORATION against CTESIPHON,\n  4_s._--5. THUCYDIDES, Book I., 5_s._ 6_d._--6. DEMOSTHENES'\n  OLYNTHIAC ORATIONS, 3_s._--7. The ORATION on the CROWN, 4_s._\n  6_d._--8. The PHILIPPIC ORATIONS, 4_s._\n\n\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, January 24. 1852.\n\n\n\n\n[Transcriber's Note: List of volumes and content pages in \"Notes and\nQueries\", Vol. I.-V.]\n\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |\n      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |\n      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |\n      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |\n      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |\n      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |\n      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |\n      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |\n      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |\n      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |\n      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |\n      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |\n      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |\n      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |\n      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |\n      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |\n      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |\n      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |\n      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |\n      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |\n      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |\n      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |\n      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |\n      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |\n      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |\n      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |\n      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |\n      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |\n      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |\n      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |\n      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |\n      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |\n      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |\n      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |\n      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |\n      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |\n      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |\n      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |\n      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |\n      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |\n      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |\n      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |\n      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |\n      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |\n      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |\n      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |\n      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |\n      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |\n      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |\n      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |\n      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |\n      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |\n      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |\n      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |\n      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |\n      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |\n      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |\n      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |\n      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |\n      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |\n      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |\n      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |\n      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |\n      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  88 | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  89 | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  90 | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  91 | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  92 | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  93 | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  94 | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  95 | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  96 | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851      | 305-333 | PG # 38926 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov.  1, 1851      | 337-358 | PG # 39076 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov.  8, 1851      | 361-374 | PG # 39091 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851      | 377-396 | PG # 39135 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851      | 401-414 | PG # 39197 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851      | 417-430 | PG # 39233 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec.  6, 1851      | 433-460 | PG # 39338 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851      | 465-478 | PG # 39393 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851      | 481-494 | PG # 39438 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 113 | Dec. 27, 1851      | 497-510 | PG # 39503 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. V.                                   |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         |  Pages  | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. V  No. 114 | January  3, 1852   |   1-18  | PG # 40171 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 115 | January 10, 1852   |  25-45  | PG # 40582 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 116 | January 17, 1852   |  49-70  | PG # 40642 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |\n      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |\n      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |\n      | INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851    | PG # 40166 |\n      +------------------------------------------------+------------+","title":"Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 117, January 24, 1852: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":24894}