{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_40743/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_40743","id":"gutenberg_40743","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40743","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: History - Other","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Category: Reports & Conference Proceedings","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been\nstandardized. \u03f9 (Greek Capital Lunate Sigma Symbol) rather than \u03a3 has\nbeen used in some words to reproduce the characters exactly; Hebrew\ncharacters have been represented as printed. Underscores have been\nused to indicate _italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in\n\"Notes and Queries\" has been added at the end.]\n\n\n\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION\n\nFOR\n\nLITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--Captain Cuttle.\n\nVOL. V.--No. 120. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 14. 1852.\n\nPrice Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n                                                                Page\n\n\n      NOTES:--\n\n      The Old Countess of Desmond                                145\n\n      The Imperial Eagle of France                               147\n\n      Folk Lore:--Valentine's Day--Nottingham Hornblowing--Bee\n      Superstitions; Blessing Apple-trees;\n      \"A Neck! a Neck!\"--Hooping Cough                           148\n\n      Note on the Coins of Vabalathus                            148\n\n      The Agnomen of \"Brother Jonathan,\" of Masonic\n      Origin                                                     149\n\n      Minor Notes:--Hippopotamus, Behemoth--Curious\n      Inscription--Coins of Edward III. struck at Antwerp\n      in 1337                                                    149\n\n      QUERIES:--\n\n      Is the Walrus found in the Baltic?                         150\n\n      English Free Towns, by J. H. Parker                        150\n\n      Minor Queries:--Bishop Hall's Resolutions--Mother\n      Huff and Mother Damnable--Sir Samuel Garth--German's\n      Lips--Richard Leveridge--Thomas Durfey--Audley\n      Family--Ink--Mistletoe excluded from\n      Churches--Blind taught to read--Hyrne, Meaning of--The\n      fairest Attendant of the Scottish Queen--\"Soud,\n      soud, soud, soud!\"--Key Experiments--Shield\n      of Hercules--\"Sum Liber, et non sum,\" &c.                  150\n\n      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Whipping a Husband;\n      Hudibras--Aldus--\"The last links are broken\"--Under\n      Weigh or Way--The Pope's Eye--\"History\n      is Philosophy\"                                             152\n\n      REPLIES:--\n\n      Coverdale's Bible, by George Offor                         153\n\n      \"As Stars with Trains of Fire,\" &c.,\n      by Samuel Hickson                                          154\n\n      Dials, Dial Mottoes, &c.                                   155\n\n      Can Bishops vacate their Sees?                             156\n\n      Character of a True Churchman                              156\n\n      Wearing Gloves in Presence of Royalty                      157\n\n      Gospel Oaks                                                157\n\n      The Pendulum Demonstration                                 158\n\n      Expurgated Quaker Bible, by Archdeacon Cotton              158\n\n      Junius Rumours                                             159\n\n      Wady Mokatteb not mentioned in Num. xi. 26.,\n      by Rev. Dr. Todd                                           159\n\n      Replies to Minor Queries:--Rotten Row--\"Preached from a\n      Pulpit rather than a Tub\"--Olivarius--Slavery in Scotland\n      --Cibber's Lives of the Poets--Theoloneum--John of\n      Padua--Stoke--Eliza Fenning--Ghost Stories--Autographs of\n      Weever and Fuller--Lines on the Bible--Hell-rake--Family\n      Likenesses--Grimsdyke--Portraits of Wolfe, &c.             160\n\n      MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n      Notes on Books, &c.                                        166\n\n      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               166\n\n      Notices to Correspondents                                  167\n\n      Advertisements                                             167\n\n\n\n\nNotes.\n\n\nTHE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND.\n\n(_Continued from_ Vol. iv., p. 426.)\n\nI feel much obliged to J. H. M., who writes from Bath, and has directed\nmy attention to Horace Walpole's \"minute inquiry\" respecting the \"Old\nCountess of Desmond,\" as also to \"Pennant's Tours,\" all which I have had\nopportunity of examining since I wrote to you last. The references do\nnot incline me to alter one word of the opinion I have ventured as to\nthe identity of this lady; on the contrary, with the utmost respect for\nhis name and services to the cause of antiquarian research, I propose to\nshow that Horace Walpole (whose interest in the question was, by his own\nconfession, but incidental, and ancillary to his historic inquiries into\nthe case of Richard III., and who had no direct data to go on) knew\nnothing of the matter, and was quite mistaken as to the individual.\n\nBefore I proceed on this daring undertaking, I beg to say, that an\ninspection of Pennant's print, called \"The Old Countess of Desmond,\"\n_satisfies_ me that it is _not_ taken from a duplicate picture of that\nin possession of the Knight of Kerry: though there certainly is a\nresemblance in the faces of the two portraits, yet the differences are\nmany and decisive. Pennant says that there are \"four other pictures in\nGreat Britain in the same dress, and without any difference of feature,\"\nbesides that at Dupplin Castle, from which his print was copied; but\nthat of the Knight of Kerry must be reckoned as a sixth portrait, taken\nat a _much more advanced period_ of life: in it the wrinkles and\nfeatures denote _extreme_ old age. The head-dresses are markedly\ndifferent, that of Pennant being a _cloth_ hood lying back from the face\nin folds; in the Knight of Kerry's, the head-dress is more like a beaver\nbonnet standing forward from the head, and throwing the face somewhat\ninto shade. In Pennant's, the cloak is plainly fastened by leathern\nstrap, somewhat after the manner of a laced shoe; in the other, the\nfastening is a single button: but the difference most marked is this,\nthat the persons originally sitting for these pictures, looked opposite\nways, and, of course, presented different sides to the painter. So that,\nin Pennant's plate, the _right side-face_ is forward; and in the other,\nthe left: therefore, these pictures are markedly and manifestly neither\nthe same, nor copies either of the other.\n\nIt does not concern us, in order to maintain the authority of our\n_Irish_ picture, to follow up the question at issue between Pennant and\nWalpole but I may here observe, that either must be wrong in an\nimportant matter of fact. Walpole, in a note to his \"Fugitive Pieces\"\n(Lord Orford's _Works_, vol. i. p. 210-17.), writes thus: \"_Having by\npermission of the Lord Chamberlain obtained a copy of the picture at\nWindsor Castle, called The Countess of Desmond, I discovered that it is\nnot her portrait; on the back is written in an old hand, 'The Mother of\nRembrandt.'_\" He then proceeds to prove the identity of this picture\nwith one given to King Charles I. by Sir Robert Car, \"My Lord Ankrom\"\n(after Duke of Roxburg), and set down in the Windsor Catalogue as\n\"_Portrait of an old woman, with a great scarf on her head, by\nRembrandt_.\" Pennant's note differs from this in an essential\nparticular; he mentions this picture at Windsor Castle thus: \"_This was\na present from Sir Robert Car, Earl of Roxburg, as is signified on the\nback; above it is written with a pen,_ 'REMBRANDT' (not a word of his\n_mother_), _which must be a mistake, for Rembrandt was not fourteen\nyears of age in 1614_, at a time when _it is certain (?) that the\nCountess was not living, and ... it does not appear that he ever visited\nEngland_.\"\n\nThe discrepancy of these two accounts is obvious--if it \"_be written in\nan old hand, 'The Mother of Rembrandt,'_\" on the back of the picture, it\nseems strange that Pennant should _omit_ the first three words; if they\nbe not so written, it seems equally strange that Walpole should venture\nto _add_ them. I presume the picture at Windsor is still extant; and\nprobably some reader of \"N. & Q.\" having access to it, will be so good\nas to settle the question of accuracy and veracity between two\ngentlemen, of whom one must be guilty of _suppressio veri_, or the other\nof _suggestio falsi_.\n\nHorace Walpole, or his editor, must have corrected his \"Fugitive Pieces\"\nsince the \"Strawberry Hill edition,\" to which J. H. M. refers, was\nprinted; for in the edition I have consulted, instead of saying \"I can\nmake no sense of the word _noie_,\" the meaning is correctly given in a\nfoot-note to the inscription; and the passage given by J. H. M. is\naltogether omitted from the text.\n\nI must now proceed in my bold attempt to show that Horace Walpole knew\nnothing of a matter, into which he made a \"minute inquiry.\" This may\nseem presumptuous in a tyro towards one of the old masters of\nantiquarian lore and research; but I plead in apology the great advance\nof the science since Horace Walpole's days, and the greater plenty of\nmaterials for forming or correcting a judgement. It has been well said,\nthat a single chapter of Mr. Charles Knight's _Old England_ would full\nfurnish and set up an antiquarian of the last century; and this is true,\nsuch and so many are the advantages for obtaining information, which we\nmodern antiquaries possess over those who are gone before us; and\nlastly, to quote old Fuller's quaintness, I would say that \"a dwarf on a\ngiant's shoulders can see farther than he who carries him:\" thus do I\nexplain and excuse my attempt to impugn the conclusion of Horace\nWalpole.\n\nWalpole's first conjectures applied to a Countess of Desmond, whose tomb\nis at Sligo in Ireland, and who was widow to that _Gerald_, the\nsixteenth earl, _ingens rebellibus exemplar_, who was outlawed, and\nkilled in the wood of _Glanagynty_, in the county of Kerry, A.D. 1583.\nWalpole applied to an Irish correspondent for copies of the inscriptions\non her tomb; but we need not follow or discuss the supposition of her\nidentity with \"the old Countess\" further, for he himself abandons it,\nand writes to his Irish correspondent thus:--\"_The inscriptions you have\nsent me have not cleared away the difficulties relating to the Countess\nof Desmond; on the contrary, they make me doubt whether the lady\ninterred at Sligo was the person reported to have lived to such an\nimmense age._\"\n\nWell might he doubt it, for in no one particular could they be\nidentified: _e.g._ the lady buried at Sligo made her will in 1636, and\nsurvived to 1656,--a date long beyond the latest assigned for the demise\nof \"the old Countess.\" Sir Walter Raleigh expressly says, \"the old\nCountess had _held her jointure from all the Earls of Desmond since the\ntime of Edward IV._,\" a description which could not apply to the widow\nof a person who did not die until 1583, in the reign of Elizabeth. There\nare many other _impossibilities_ in the case, discussed by Walpole, into\nwhich it is unnecessary to follow him.\n\nWalpole then reverts to the issue of Thomas, the sixth Earl of Desmond,\nwho was compelled to surrender his earldom, A.D. 1418, for making an\n\"inferior marriage;\" and conjectures that \"the old Countess\" might have\nbeen the wife of a grandson of his born 1452, or thereabouts, who would\nbe, as Walpole states, \"a titular earl:\" but this absurd supposition is\nmet by the fact of our \"old Countess\" enjoying a jointure from all the\nearls _de facto_ in another line; a provision which the widow of an\nadverse claimant to the earldom could hardly have made good.\n\nWalpole's last conjecture, following the suggestion of Smith's _History\nof Cork_, fixes on the widow of Thomas (_the twelfth earl_, according to\nthe careful pedigree of Sir William Betham, though Smith erroneously\ncalls him the thirteenth earl), and asserts the identity of the \"old\nCountess\" with a _second_ wife, called \"Catherine Fitzgerald of Dromana\"\n(the Dacres branch of the Geraldines): for this assertion Smith, in a\nfootnote, quotes \"the Russel MSS.,\" and Walpole calls this \"the most\npositive evidence we have.\" Of the MSS. referred to, I can find no\nfurther trace, and this \"positive evidence\" is weakened by the silence\nof Lodge's _Peerage_ as to any second marriage of the earl in question,\nwhile, on the contrary, he gives many probabilities against it. Thomas\n(moyle, or bald), twelfth earl, succeeded to his nephew, James, the\neleventh earl, in 1529, being then in extreme age, and died in five\nyears after; he was the second brother of James, ninth earl, murdered in\n1587--whose widow I affirm the old Countess to have been. Let us not\nlose sight of the fact, that the \"old Countess,\" by general consent, was\nmarried in the reign of Edward IV., who died 1483. And I would ask, what\nprobability is there that a younger brother would be already married to\na _second wife_, in the lifetime of his elder brother, who is described\nas murdered \"while flourishing in wealth and power at the age of\ntwenty-nine years?\" The supposition carries improbability on the face of\nit; none of the genealogies mention this second marriage at all; and Dr.\nSmith, whose county histories I have had particular occasion to examine,\nwas, though a diligent collector of _reports_, no antiquarian authority\nto rely on. Above all, it is to be remembered, that Sir Walter Raleigh\ncalls her \"_The old Countess of Desmond of_ INCHEQUIN:\" this is in\nitself proof, all but positive, that the lady was an _O'Bryen_, for none\nother could have \"part or lot\" in the hereditary designation of that\nfamily: hence I have no hesitation in adhering to the conclusion, which,\nwith slight correction of dates, I have adopted from accurate\nauthorities, that \"MARGARET O'BRIEN, WIFE OF JAMES, NINTH EARL OF\nDESMOND, WHO WAS MURDERED IN 1587, WAS THE GENUINE AND ONLY 'OLD\nCOUNTESS.'\" Upon the only point on which I venture to correct my\nauthority, namely, as to the date of the earl's death, I find, on\nreference to an older authority than any to which we have hitherto\nreferred, that my emendation is confirmed. In the Annals of the Four\nMasters, compiled from more ancient documents still, in the year 1636, I\nfind, under the date 1487, the following: \"The Earl of Desmond, James\nFitzgerald, was treacherously killed by his own people at Rathgeola\n(Rathkeale, co. Limerick), at the instigation of his brother John.\"\n\n    A. B. R.\n\n  Belmont.\n\n\nTHE IMPERIAL EAGLE OF FRANCE.\n\nOn reading the _Times_ of the 7th ult. at our city library, in which the\nfollowing translation of a paragraph in the French journal, _Le\nConstitutionnel_, appeared, application was made to me for an\nexplanation of that part where the Emperor Napoleon is represented as\nstating, among other advantages of preferring an eagle to a cock as the\nnational emblem or ensign, which, during the ancient dynasty of France,\nthe latter had been--\n\n  \"_that it owes its origin to a pun._ I will not have the cock,\n  said the Emperor; it lives on the dunghill, and allows itself to\n  have its throat twisted by the fox. I will take the eagle, which\n  bears the thunderbolt, and which can gaze on the sun. The French\n  eagles shall make themselves respected, like the Roman eagles. The\n  cock, besides, has the disadvantage of owing its origin to a pun,\"\n  &c.\n\nPremising that the French journalist's object is to authorise the\npresent ruler of France's similar adoption and restoration of the noble\nbird on the French standard by the example of his uncle, I briefly\nstated the circumstance to which Napoleon, on this occasion, referred;\nand as not unsuited, I should think, to your miscellany, I beg leave to\nrepeat it here.\n\nIn 1545, during the sitting of the Council of Trent, Peter Danes, one of\nthe most eminent ecclesiastics of France, who had been professor of\nGreek, and filled several other consonant stations, appeared at the\nmemorable council as one of the French representatives. While there, his\ncolleague, Nicholas Pseaume, Bishop of Verdun, in a vehement oration,\ndenounced the relaxed discipline of the Italians, when Sebastian Vancius\nde Arimino (so named in the \"Canones et Decreta\" of the Council), Bishop\nof Orvietto (Urbevetanus), sneeringly exclaimed \"Gallus cantat,\"\ndwelling on the double sense of the word Gallus--a Frenchman or a cock,\nand intending to express \"the cock crows;\" to which Danes promptly and\npointedly responded, \"Utinam et Galli cantum Petrus resipisceret,\" which\nexcited, as it deserved, the general applause of the assembly, thus\nturning the insult into a triumph. The apt allusion will be made clear\nby a reference to the words of the Gospels: St. Matthew, xxvi. 75.; St.\nMark, xiv. 68. 72.; St. Luke, xxii. 61-2.; and St. John, xviii. 27.,\nwhere the \u1f00\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 of the original is the \"cantus galli\"\nof the Vulgate, and where Petrus represents the pope, who is aroused to\n_resipiscere_ by the example of his predecessor St. Peter.\n\nThis incident in the memorable assembly is adverted to in the French\ncontemporary letters and memoirs, but more particularly in the\nsubsequent publication of a learned member of Danes's family, _La Vie,\nEloges et Opuscules de Pierre Danes, par P. Hilaire Danes_, Paris, 1731,\n4to., with the the portrait of the Tridentine deputy, who became Bishop\nof Lavaur, in Languedoc (now d\u00e9partement du Saone), and preceptor to\nFrancis, the short-lived husband of Mary Stuart, before that prince's\nascent to the throne. So high altogether was he held in public\nestimation, that he was supposed well entitled to the laudatory anagram\nformed of his name (Petrus Danesius), \"De superis natus.\"\n\nIn the Council of Trent there only appeared two Englishmen, Cardinal\nPole and Francis Gadwell[1], Bishop of St. Asaph, with three Irish\nprelates, (1) Thomas Herliky, Bishop of Ross, called Thomas Overlaithe\nin the records of the Council; (2) Eugenius O'Harte, there named\nOhairte, a Dominican friar, Bishop of Ardagh; and (3) Donagh MacCongal,\nBishop of Raphoe: Sir James Ware adds a fourth, Robert Waucup, or\nVincentius, of whom, however, I find no mention in the official\ncatalogue of the assisting prelates. Deprived of sight, according to\nWare, from his childhood, he yet made such proficiency in learning,\nthat, after attaining the high degree of Doctor of Sorbonne in France,\nhe was appointed Archbishop of Armagh, or Primate of Ireland; but of\nthis arch-see he never took possession, it being held by a _reformed_\noccupant, Dr. George Dowdall, appointed by Henry VIII. in 1543.\n\n  [Footnote 1: [Query, Thomas Goldwell.]]\n\n    J. R. (Cork.)\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Valentine's Day_ (Vol. v., p. 55.).--Your correspondent J. S. A. will\nfind the following notice of a similar custom to the one he alludes to\nin Mr. L. Jewitt's paper on the Customs of the County of Derby, in the\nlast number of the _Journal of the British Arch\u00e6ological Association_:\n\n  \"Of the latter (divinations) there is a curious instance at\n  Ashborne, where a young woman who wishes to divine who her future\n  husband is to be, goes into the church-yard at midnight, and as\n  the clock strikes twelve, commences running round the church,\n  repeating without intermission--\n\n      'I sow hemp-seed, hemp-seed I sow,\n      He that loves me best\n      Come after me and mow.'\n\n  Having thus performed the circuit of the church twelve times\n  without stopping, the figure of her lover is supposed to appear\n  and follow her.\"\n\n    J.\n\n_Nottingham Hornblowing._--About the beginning of December the boys in\nand around Nottingham amuse themselves, to the annoyance of the more\npeaceable inhabitants, by parading the streets and blowing horns. I have\nnoticed this for several years, and therefore do not think it is any\nwhim or caprice which causes them to act thus; on the contrary, I think\nit must be the relic of some ancient custom. If any of your\ncorrespondents could elucidate this, it would particularly oblige\n\n    STOMACHOSUS.\n\n_Bee Superstitions--Blessing Apple-trees--\"A Neck! a Neck!\"_--The\nsuperstition concerning the bees is common among the smaller farmers in\nthe rural districts of Devon. I once knew an apprentice boy _sent back_\nfrom the funeral _cort\u00e8ge_ by the nurse, to tell the bees of it, as it\nhad been forgotten. They usually put some wine and honey for them before\nthe hives on that day. A man whose ideas have been confused frequently\nsays his \"head has been among the bees\" (buzzing).\n\nThe custom is still very prevalent in Devonshire of \"hollowing to the\napple-trees\" on Old Christmas Eve. Toasted bread and sugar is soaked in\nnew cider made hot for the farmer's family, and the boys take some out\nto pour on the oldest tree, and sing--\n\n      \"Here's to thee,\n      Old apple-tree,\n      From every bough\n      Give apples enough,\n      Hat fulls, cap fulls\n      Bushel, bushel boss fulls.\n            Hurrah, hurrah!\"\n\nThe village boys go round also for the purpose, and get some halfpence\ngiven them for their \"hollering,\" as they call it. I believe this to be\nderived from a Pagan custom of offering to Ceres.\n\nThe farmer's men have also a custom, on cutting the last sheaf of wheat\non the farm, of shouting out \"A neck! a neck!\" as they select a handful\nof the finest ears of corn, which they bind up, and plait the straw of\nit, often very prettily, which they present to the master, who hangs it\nup in the farm kitchen till the following harvest. I do not know whence\nthis custom arises.\n\n    WILLIAM COLLYNS, M.R.C.S.\n\n  Kenton.\n\n_Hooping Cough._--In Cornwall, a slice of bread and butter or cake\nbelonging to a married couple whose Christian names are John and Joan,\nif eaten by the sufferer under this disorder, is considered an\nefficacious remedy, though of course not always readily found.\n\n    W. S. S.\n\n\nNOTE ON THE COINS OF VABALATHUS.\n\n(Vol. iv., pp. 255. 427. 491.)\n\nSince the publication of my last note on the coins of Vabalathus, I have\nobtained the _Lettres Numismatiques_ du Baron Marchant, 1850. The\noriginal edition being very rare, and I believe only three hundred of\nthis one having been printed, I have thought it might be as well to\nrecord some additional information from it in your pages. Marchant\nreads, \"Vabalathus Verenda Concessione Romanorum Imperatore Medis datus\nRex.\" It is needless to remark on this, further than on the more ancient\ninterpretations. He points out that the Greek letters, or rather\nnumerals, show the coins to have been struck in a country where Greek,\nif not the popular language, was that of the government, along with\nLatin. This country was necessarily an Oriental one, and I think this\nobservation would rather lead to the inference that the word VCRIMDR,\noccupying the place usually filled by C\u00e6sar, Augustus, \u03f9\u0395\u0392\u0391\u03f9\u03a9\u03f9,\n&c., might be an Oriental title, though expressed in Latin letters.\nMillin, to whom he had communicated his view, thought correctly \"que \u00e7a\nsentait un peu le p\u00e8re Harduin,\" and it was only published in the\nposthumous edition of his works. De Gauley has published coins struck by\nthe Arabs in Africa, which have Latin legends, in some of which the\nArabic titles are given in Latin letters. The Emir Musa Ben Nasir\nappears thus, M\u03c5SE. F. NASIR. AMIRA. The coins of Vabalathus\noffer a more ancient example of the same. I have given what appears to\nme the clue, and I hope it will be followed out by Orientalists. M. de\nLongperier, in his annotations to the 28th letter, shows that the\nname \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u1fb6\u03c2 is derived from \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, and appears to\nthink \u0391\u0398\u0397\u039d\u039f\u03a5 or \u0391\u0398\u0397\u039d\u03a5 the genitive of \u0391\u0398\u0397\u039d\u0391\u03f9. The difficulty, he says,\nis, that names in \u1fb6\u03c2 have, in the Alexandrian dialect, the genitive\n\u1fb6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. He does not appear to have noticed the reading as\n\u03a5\u0399\u03bf\u03f9 (or \u039f\u03a5 as \u039f \u03a5\u0399\u03bf\u03f9?), which appears to me to remove the difficulty,\nbut also to obviate the necessity of the name  \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u1fb6\u03c2 at all. He\nremarks on the similarity of name between \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2, \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2,\nand Odenathus.\n\n  \"If,\" he says, \"we examine comparatively Vabalath (\u039f\u03a5\u0391\u0392\u0391\u039b\u0391\u0398)\n  and Odenath, or rather Odanath, as in Zosimus, we see\n  an analogous formation; Ou-baalat, Ou-tanat, the feminine of Baal\n  or Bel, and of Tan, Dan, or Zan, preceded by the same syllable.\n  Baalat is a Scripture form (Jos. xix. 44.; 1 Kings ix. 48.; Paral.\n  ii. viii. 6.). De Gauley has found the name of Tanat in a\n  Phoenician inscription, and Lenormant remarks that this feminine\n  form of Zan, or Jupiter, corresponds to Ath\u00e9n\u00e9. Thus Ou-tanat is\n  the equivalent of Athenas, consequently of Athenodorus.\"\n\nVabalathus is thus, if these etymological considerations be correct, the\nson of Odenathus. Longperier proposes to read \u0395\u03a1\u03a9\u03a4\u0391\u03f9 for \u03f9\u03a1\u03a9\u0399\u0391\u03f9,\nand to consider this the equivalent of Herodes, mentioned by\nTrebellius Pollio. With all deference to M. de Longperier,\nI venture to oppose the following objections. First, Some coins read\n\u03f9\u03a1\u0399\u0391\u03f9, which would read \u0395\u03a1\u03a4\u0391\u03f9 on his principle. Since, in\nthe coins of Zenobia, Vabalathus, and those bearing the name of\nAthenodorus, whether struck by Vabalathus or not, is not material at\npresent, we find the names at full length, not omitting the vowels, it\nis natural to suppose that the same would here take place, if the word\nreally were the name of Herodes. To explain, if we found\n\u0396\u0397\u039d\u039f\u0392\u0399\u0391 and \u0396\u039d\u039f\u0392\u0399\u0391, \u0391\u0398\u0397\u039d\u039f\u0394\u03a9\u03a1\u039f\u03f9 and \u0391\u0398\u039d\u0394\u03a1\u039f\u03f9, or similar contractions,\nwe might consider \u0395\u03a1\u03a9\u03a4\u0391\u03f9 and \u0395\u03a1\u03a4\u0391\u03f9 identical. Secondly, On my\nspecimens of this coin I find the \u03b9 in this word distinctly formed,\nand the \u03a4 in the next word \u0391\u03a5\u03a4 _as_ distinct. All authors have read this\nletter \u03b9, although varying in the rest. Thirdly, On the obverse\nof these specimens the  \u0395 is larger and more open than the \u03f9,\nas may be seen in the conclusion  ...\u039d\u039f\u03f9 . \u03f9\u0395\u0392, where it is preceded\nby two sigmas, and is easy to compare with them. We should naturally\nexpect to find it having the same form on the reverse, if the\nreading \u0395\u03a1\u03a9\u03a4\u0391\u03f9 were correct. But it is of the same size as the\nother letters, on my specimens at least. I need not say that\nthere is no trace of the central stroke.\n\n    W. H. S.\n\n  Edinburgh.\n\n\nTHE AGNOMEN OF \"BROTHER JONATHAN,\" OF MASONIC ORIGIN.\n\nGeorge Washington, commander-in-chief of the American army in the\nrevolution, was a mason, as were all the other generals, with the\nsolitary exception of Arnold the traitor, who attempted to deliver West\nPoint, a most important position, into the hands of the enemy. It was\nthis treasonable act on the part of Arnold which caused the gallant\nAndre's death, and ultimately placed a monument over his remains in\nWestminster Abbey. On one occasion, when the American army had met with\nsome serious reverses, General Washington called his _brother officers_\ntogether, to consult in what manner their effects could be the best\ncounteracted. Differing as they did in opinion, the commander-in-chief\npostponed any action on the subject, by remarking, \"Let us consult\nbrother Jonathan,\" referring to Jonathan Trumbull, who was a well-known\nmason, and particularly distinguished \"for his sound judgment, strict\nmorals, and having the tongue of good report.\"\n\nGeorge Washington was initiated a mason in Fredericksburg, Virginia,\nLodge No. 4, on the 4th of November, 1752, was passed a fellow craft on\nthe 3rd of March, 1753, and raised to the sublime degree of a master\nmason on the 4th day of August, 1753. The hundredth anniversary of this\ndistinguished mason's initiation is to be celebrated in America\nthroughout the length and breadth of the land.\n\n    W. W.\n\n  La Valetta, Malta.\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Hippopotamus, Behemoth._--The young animal which has drawn so much\nattention hitherto, will increase in attractiveness as he acquires his\nvoice, for which the zoologist may now _arectis auribus_ await the\ndevelopment. It has appeared singular to many who knew the Greek name of\nthis animal to signify _river-horse_, that he should be so unlike a\nhorse. Nevertheless, the Greeks who knew him only at a distance, as we\ndid formerly, named him from his voice and ears after an animal which he\nso little resembles in other respects. The Egyptian words from which the\nBehemoth of Job (chap. xl. v. 10.) are derived, more fitly designate him\nas _water-ox_, _B-ehe-mo\u016bt_ = literatim, _the aquatic ox_.\n\n    T. W. B.\n\n  Lichfield.\n\n_Curious Inscription_ (Vol. iv., pp. 88. 182.).--My ecclesiological\nnote-book supplies two additional examples of the curious kind of\ninscription communicated by your correspondents J. O. B. and MR. E. S.\nTAYLOR (by the way, the one mentioned by J. O. B. was found also at St.\nOlave's, Hart Street; see Weever, _Fun. Mon._). These both occur at\nWinchester Cathedral: the first near a door in the north aisle, at the\nsouth-west angle:--\n\n      [<--] ILL          PREC\n              AC            ATOR\n           H            VI      [-->]\n                  AMBVLA\n\nThe other on the south side:\n\n      CESSIT COMMVNI PROPRIVM JAM PERGITE\n                 QVA FAS. 1632.\n\n                    [-->]\n       ACR       S        ILL     CH\n      S   A       IT         A      ORO\n       ERV       F        IST      F\n                    [<--]\n\n    W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\n  [This curious inscription, with a translation, is given by Milner,\n  in his _History of Winchester_, vol. ii. p. 90.]\n\n_Coins of Edward III. struck at Antwerp in 1337._--Ruding, in his\n_Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain_ (3rd ed. p. 212.), describing\nthe coins of Edward III. (who often resided on the Continent, and whose\nsister Eleanor was married to Raimond III., Duke of Guelder), says:\n\n  \"In November A.D. 1337, according to Grafton, the king was made\n  vicar-general and lieutenant to the emperor, _with power to coin\n  money of gold and silver_. He kept his winter at the castle of\n  Louvain, and caused great sums of money, both of gold and silver,\n  to be coined at Antwerp.\"\n\nAnd in the note:\n\n  \"Chronicle [of Grafton?] _sub anno_. Froissart also mentions this\n  fact. The silver coins were probably struck with English dies, and\n  consequently _are not now to be distinguished_.\"\n\nNow, you will oblige me by informing your English readers, that though\nthese may have been struck with English dies, they can readily be\ndistinguished from other English coins by the legends. They are\nrepresented on Pl. viii., Nos. 19. and 20., in my _Munten der voormalige\nHertogdommen Braband en Limburg, van de vroeyste Tijden tot aan de\nPacificatie van Gend_. The type is wholly English, and agrees with the\ncoins of Edward III., as I have remarked in the text. The _Moneta\nnostra_ indicates a joint coin (_i.e._ common to the emperor and to the\nking); as Coin No. 3. Pl. xxxiii. was probably a joint coin of Edward\nIII. and Philip VI., King of France.\n\n    P. O. VAN DER CH\u0178S.\n\n  Leiden.\n\n\n\n\nQueries.\n\n\nIS THE WALRUS FOUND IN THE BALTIC?\n\nIs the Walrus, or Sea-Horse, ever found in the Baltic, or in the ocean\nnear Norway or Lapland?\n\nMr. J. R. Forster, in his Notes on the _Geography of Europe by King\nAlfred_, appended to the edition of _Orosius_ by Daines Barrington,\nsays, at p. 243.:\n\n  \"In the country of the Beormas he (Ohthere) found the\n  _horse-whales_ or the _Walrus_, animals which he distinguishes\n  carefully from the whales and the seals, of whose teeth he brought\n  a present to King Alfred, and which are found _nowhere but in the\n  White Sea, near Archangel_, and the other seas to the north of\n  Siberia. In all the ocean near Norway and Lapland, no walruses are\n  ever seen, _but still less in the Baltic_.\"\n\nI wish to know if the walrus is found in the Baltic, and where it most\nabounds, with a reference to voyages or written works of authority where\nit is mentioned. Personal testimony would be valuable.\n\n    THROW.\n\n\nENGLISH FREE TOWNS.\n\nA great many of your readers are doubtless aware that there are in\nFrance a number of towns commonly known by the name of _Villes\nAnglaises_, or the English towns, and also called _Bastides_. Many of\nthese were certainly founded by Edward I., and important privileges were\ngranted to these _Free Towns_ from motives of sound policy. These towns\nare all built on a regular plan, the principal streets wide, open, and\nstraight, and crossing each other at right angles, with a large\nmarket-place, usually in the centre of the town. I have seen several of\nthese towns, which preserve their original ground plan to the present\ntime. I could mention other peculiarities about them; but it is not\nnecessary for my purpose, which is to inquire whether we have any towns\nin England corresponding with them, of the same regular plan and\narrangement. The only one I have been able to hear of is the ruined town\nof Winchelsea, which corresponds closely with them, and was also founded\nby Edward I. If any of your readers can inform me of any other town in\nEngland of the same plan, I shall be greatly obligated to them.\n\n    J. H. PARKER.\n\n  Oxford.\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Bishop Hall's Resolutions._--A small edition of Bishop Hall's\n_Resolutions and Decisions of Cases of Conscience_, printed in 1650, and\nconsequently in the author's lifetime, has, as its frontispiece, a \"vera\neffigies\" of the venerable writer. On a fly-leaf there is, in the\nhandwriting of the former possessor,--a man of much literary\ninformation,--this note: \"The following portrait of Bishop Hall is rare\nand valuable.\" I should esteem it a favour if some one of your\ncorrespondents would inform me how far this is a correct estimate of the\nprint.\n\n    S. S. S.\n\n_Mother Huff and Mother Damnable._--Can any of your correspondents\nfavour me with an account of Mother Huff? She is mentioned in Bishop\nGibson's edition of the _Britannia_, in a list of wild plants found in\nMiddlesex. In Park's _Hampstead_, p. 245., is the following extract from\nBaker's comedy of _Hampstead Heath_, 4to. 1706, Act II. Sc. 1.:\n\n  \"_Arabella._ Well, this Hampstead's a charming place: to dance all\n  night at the Wells, and be treated at Mother Huff's,\" &c.\n\nThe place designated as \"Mother Huff's\" was, I think, the same as that\nknown as \"Mother Damnable's.\" The latter personage is mentioned in\nCaulfield's _Remarkable Characters_. Who was Mother Damnable? Can any of\nyour correspondents furnish any additions to Caulfield's account of\nMother Damnable?\n\n    S. WISWOULD.\n\n_Sir Samuel Garth._--Can any of your numerous correspondents inform me\nwhen and where Sir Samuel Garth the poet was born, or favour me with a\ncopy of the inscription on his tomb in Harrow Church? Some say he was\nborn in Yorkshire; others that he was born at Bolam, in Durham.\n\n    S. WISWOULD.\n\n_German's Lips._--In Fulke's _Defence of the English Translations of the\nBible_ (Parker Society, 1843, p. 267.) he speaks thus:\n\n  \"Beza's words agree to us, as well as German's lips, that were\n  nine miles asunder.\"\n\nCan you inform me who German was, and where his lips were situated?\n\n    H. T.\n\n  [In our first Vol. p. 157. will be found a similar Query, founded\n  on passages in Calfhill and Latimer, in which the same allusion\n  occurs, but which has not as yet received any satisfactory reply.]\n\n_Richard Leveridge._--Some years ago, I saw an oil-painting of this\ncelebrated singer at an auction-room in Leicester Street. Can any of\nyour readers give me a clue to its discovery?\n\n    EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Thomas Durfey._--Is there any other engraved portrait of this\n\"distinguished\" wit, besides the one prefixed to his _pills_?\n\n    EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Audley Family._--Can any of your correspondents inform me whether there\nare any male representatives still existing of the family of _Audley_\n(or _Awdeley_) of _Gransden_, in Huntingdonshire; or, if not, when it\nbecame extinct?\n\nThomas Audley, created Lord Audley of Walden, Lord High Chancellor, and\nK. G. by Henry VIII., had an only daughter and heiress, married to the\nDuke of Norfolk. He had also two brothers, Robert and Henry. _Robert_\nwas of _Berechurch_, in Essex; and, on the chancellor's death without\nmale issue, inherited from him large landed property. His line\nflourished for several generations, and ended in Henry Audley--a weak\nand vicious spendthrift, who ruined himself, and died (without issue) in\nthe Fleet Prison, in 1714, having married a daughter of Philip, Viscount\nStrangford. _Henry_, the chancellor's youngest brother, had the manor of\n_Great Gransden_, in Huntingdonshire, by a grant from Henry VIII., where\nhis descendants were fixed for several generations. In the _Visitation\nof Hunts_, made in 1613, under the authority of William Camden\n(Clarencieux), there is a pedigree of the Audleys of Gransden, which\ncomes down to Robert Audley, married to Elizabeth, daughter of John\nMarbury, who had two sons then living, _Robert_ and _Francis_, of the\nrespective ages of three and two (in 1613): a daughter, _Elizabeth_, was\nborn in 1614, and married William Sneyd, Esq., of Keele, co. Stafford;\nshe had issue, and died 1686, aged seventy-two.\n\nGransden must have passed from the possession of that family not long\nafter this visitation; for, in Charles II.'s time, it belonged to Sir\nJulius C\u00e6sar: and in the catalogue of lords and gentlemen who compounded\nfor their estates (1655), the only Audleys of Hunts who were mentioned,\nare, _Wheatehill Audley, of Woodhurst_; and _Molineux Audley, of St.\nIves_ (both in Hunts). The parish registers of Gransden throw no light\non the fate of the family. The church contains no memorials, and local\ntradition is silent.\n\nCan any of your correspondents supply any information? My object is to\nascertain whether the above-mentioned _Elizabeth_, married to Wm. Sneyd,\ndid, or did not, become the representative of the family, by the death,\nwithout issue, of her brothers.\n\n    W. S.\n\n  Denton.\n\n_Ink._--Can any of your correspondents enlighten me as to the nature of\nthe ink used in the ancient MSS.; its delightful blackness, even in\nexamples of great antiquity, is most refreshing to the eye.\n\n    W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\n_Mistletoe excluded from Churches._--Is mistletoe excluded now from any\nchurch in the mistletoe-producing counties at Christmas? And was it ever\nadmitted in Roman Catholic times?\n\n    T. GOLDSEER.\n\n_Blind taught to read._--Burnet, in the postscript of his _Letter from\nMilan_, dated Oct. 1, 1685 (ed. Rotterdam, 1687, p. 114.), speaking of\nMistress _Walkier_, who had been accidentally blinded in infancy,\nstates, that her father \"ordered letters to be carved in wood;\" and that\n\"she, by feeling the characters, formed such an idea of them, that she\nwrites with a crayon so distinctly, that her writing can be well read.\"\nWhat is the earliest known instance of the blind being taught to read or\nwrite by the instrumentality of raised letters?\n\n    J. SANSOM.\n\n_Hyrne, Meaning of._--During my recent investigations into our local\nhistory, I met with three places in this town with this word\naffixed--such as North _Hirne_, now called North Street; also Cold\n_Hyrne_, now called All Saints' Street, in South Lynn; and a place\ncalled Clink's _Heven_, in North Lynn.\n\nI have also met with another village, \"Guy_hirn_,\" in Cambridgeshire, of\nwhich most of your readers are aware; and my present object is to learn\nthe meaning of this word?\n\n    JOHN NURSE CHADWICK.\n\n  King's Lynn.\n\n_The fairest Attendant of the Scottish Queen._--Mary (of Guise), Dowager\nQueen of Scots, passed through England, on returning from a visit to\nFrance, in November 1551: she was lodged at the Bishop's Palace in\nLondon, and on her departure \"divers lords and ladies brought her on her\nway; and when she came without Bishopsgate, _the fairest lady that she\nhad with her of her country was stolen away from her_; and so she went\nforth on her journey.\" This passage is from _The Chronicle of the Grey\nFriars of London_, now printing for the Camden Society. Can any one tell\nme whether \"the fairest lady's\" elopement has been elsewhere recorded?\n\n    JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.\n\n\"_Soud, soud, soud, soud!_\"--In the _Taming of the Shrew_, Act IV. Sc.\n1., Petruchio, on arriving at his house, says to his bride:\n\n      \"Sit down, Kate, and welcome. Soud, soud, soud soud!\"\n\nThe word _soud_ puzzles the commentators.\n\nJohnson takes it for _soot_ or _sooth_, sweet. Mason supposes it to\ndenote the humming of a tune, or an ejaculation, for which it is not\nnecessary to find out a meaning. Malone conjectures it to be a word\ncoined to express the noise made by a person heated and fatigued.\n\nThis seems a proper subject for a Query.\n\n    T. C.\n\n_Key Experiments._--Can some one of your correspondents afford me an\nexplanation of the principles controlling the following experiment: Two\npersons, taking a large key, hold it balanced by the handle upon the\nforefinger of their opposite hands; the key should be tied in a thin\nbook, with the handle projecting so far that the finger may easily pass\nbetween the book and the handle; the book serves to balance the key by\nits weight, and exhibits more plainly any movement of the key; both\npersons then wish the key to turn to the right or left, and, after a few\nmoments, the key will take the desired direction. The earnest and united\nwish of the operators appears to be the motive power. The divination by\n\"the Bible and key,\" given in your Vol. i., p. 413., and Vol. ii., p.\n5., is evidently based on the same principles; and the mention of that\nsuperstition will be an apology for my making your pages the medium of\nthe present inquiry, which is perhaps scarcely fitted for a publication\ndesigned for literary purposes.\n\n    J. P. Jun.\n\n_Shield of Hercules._--In which of the English periodicals can I have\nmet with a drawing of the Shield of Hercules, as described by Hesiod?\n\n    BATAVUS.\n\n  Amsterdam.\n\n_\"Sum Liber, et non sum,\" &c._--\n\n      \"Sum Liber, et non sum liber, quia servio Servo.\n        Sum Servus Servo, Servus et ille Deo.\"\n\nThe above lines are written in the fly-leaf of a copy of the _Iliad_,\nGreek and Latin, which formerly belonged to Sir Isaac Newton, and bears\nhis autograph. Can any of your correspondents inform me whence they are\ntaken? or may they be considered as the original composition of Newton?\nThe autograph is \"Isaac Newton. Trin. Coll. Cant. 1661.\"\n\n    G. E. T.\n\n\nMinor Queries Answered.\n\n_Whipping a Husband--Hudibras._--In the first canto of _Hudibras_, part\nii. l. 885., are these lines:\n\n      \"Did not a certain lady whip\n      Of late her husband's own lordship?\n      And though a grandee of the house\n      Claw'd him with fundamental blows;\n      Ty'd him uncover'd to a bed-post,\n      And firk'd his hide, as if sh' had rid post.\n      And after in the Sessions Court,\n      Where whipping's judg'd, had honor for't?\"\n\nMy copy of the poem, with Hogarth's plates, has no note on this passage.\nTo whom does it refer? A _Bury Guide_, published in 1833, states that it\noccurred in that town in 1650 to a nobleman who had discovered an\ninclination to desert the Hanoverian cause.\n\n    BURIENSIS.\n\n  [Zachary Grey has given a long note on this passage, and states\n  that it was William Lord M-n-n, residing at Bury St. Edmunds,\n  whose lady, possessing the true disciplinarian spirit, tied his\n  lordship to a bed-post by the help of her maids, and punished him\n  for showing favours to the unsanctified Cavaliers; for which\n  salutary discipline she had thanks given her in open court.]\n\n_Aldus._--What was the inscription on his printing-house, requesting his\nfriends to dispatch their business with him as soon as possible, and\nthen go about their business?\n\n    A. D. F.R.S.\n\n  [Over the door of his _sanctum_ Aldus placed the following\n  inscription:\n\n  \"Whoever you are, ALDUS earnestly entreats you to dispatch your\n  business as soon as possible, and then depart; unless you come\n  hither, like another Hercules, to lend him some friendly\n  assistance; for here will be work sufficient to employ you, and as\n  many as enter this place.\"\n\n  This inscription was afterwards adopted, for a similar purpose, by\n  the learned Oporinus, a printer of Basil.]\n\n\"_The last links are broken._\"--Who is the author of \"The last links are\nbroken?\" If they are by Moore, in what part of his works are they to be\nfound?\n\n    M. C.\n\n  [This ballad was written by Miss Fanny Steers.]\n\n_Under Weigh or Way._--Does a ship on sailing get under \"weigh,\" or\nunder \"way?\"\n\n    E. S. T. T.\n\n  [Webster and Falconer are in favour of _way_. The latter says,\n  \"The _way_ of a ship is the course or progress which she makes on\n  the water under sail. Thus, when she begins her motion, she is\n  said to be under way; and when that motion increases, she is said\n  to have fresh way through the water; whereas, _to weigh_ (_lever\n  l'ancre_, _appareiller_) is to heave up the anchor of a ship from\n  the ground, in order to prepare her for sailing.\"]\n\n_The Pope's Eye._--Why is it that the piece of fat in the middle of a\nleg of mutton is called the \"Pope's eye?\"\n\n    J. D. G.\n\n  [Boyer, in his _French Dictionary_, explains it: \"Le morceau gras\n  d'une \u00e9clanche ou d'un gigot de mouton.\" Others have derived it\n  from _popa_, which seems originally to have denoted that part of\n  the _fat_ of the victim separated from the thigh in sacrificing;\n  and in process of time, the priest who sacrificed.]\n\n_\"History is Philosophy,\" &c._--What is the exact source of the often\nrepeated passage,\n\n  \"History is philosophy teaching by examples?\"\n\nI am aware that it is commonly attributed to Bolingbroke, but a\ndistinguished literary friend tells me that he cannot find it in\nBolingbroke's writings, and suspects that, as is the case with some\nother well-known sayings, its paternity is unknown.\n\n    T.\n\n  [In the _Encyclop\u00e6dia Metropolitana_, vol. ix., p. 13., this\n  passage is attributed to Dionysius of Halicarnassus.]\n\n\n\n\nReplies.\n\n\nCOVERDALE'S BIBLE.\n\n(Vol. v., pp. 59., 109.)\n\nLearned disputes about the translation of Biblical words might occupy\nthe pages of \"N. & Q.\" to the discomfort of some of its readers. In fact\nits numbers might be all swallowed up in the important inquiry after\nthose original texts which our eminent translators used when they\nsupplied England with the water of life, by furnishing the country with\na faithful translation of the Holy Oracles. To the martyr Tyndale, and\nthe venerable servant of Christ, Coverdale, this nation and the world\nare indebted to an extent that no honour to their memory can ever repay.\nTyndale, fearless, learned, and devoted, was sacrificed in the prime of\nlife; while Coverdale, more cautious, went on to old age constantly\nenergetic in promoting the Reformation.\n\nWords and sentences can be produced in which Coverdale claims\nsuperiority over Tyndale. While Tyndale's is more suited to this day of\nfearless enquiry and meridian light, Coverdale's may be preferred as a\ngentler clearing away of the morning clouds which obscured the horizon\nafter Wickliffe had introduced the day spring from on high.\n\nIt has become too much the fashion in our day to exalt Tyndale at the\nexpense of Coverdale. This is ungenerous and unjust: they were both of\nthem great and shining lights in the hemisphere of the Reformation.\nTyndale's learning and decision of character gave him great advantages\nas a translator from languages then but little known; while Coverdale's\ncautious, pains-taking perseverance enabled him to render most essential\nservice to the sacred cause of Divine Truth. Our inquiry commenced with\nthe question, why the words \"translated out of Douche and Latyn into\nEnglyshe\" appeared upon the title-page to _some_ copies of Coverdale's\nBible, 1535. I must remind my excellent friend, the Rev. HENRY WALTER,\nthat while the copy in the British Museum, and that at Holkham, has\nthose words, a finer and unsophisticated copy in the library of Earl\nJersey of the _same_ edition has no such words; and that the four\neditions subsequently published by Coverdale all omit the words \"Douche\nand Latyn,\" and insert in their place, \"faythfully translated in\nEnglish.\" My decided impression is, that the insertion of those words on\nthe first title-page was not with Coverdale's knowledge, and that, lest\nthey should mislead the reader, they were omitted when the title was\nreprinted; and a dedication and prologue were added when the copies\narrived in England, the dedication and preface being from a very\ndifferent fount of type to that used in printing the text.\n\nIt must also be recollected that Coverdale altered his prologue to the\nreader in the copies dedicated to Edward VI. Instead of \"To helpe me\nherein I have had sondrye translacyons, not onely in Latyn but also _of\nthe Douche interpreters_,\" the last four words are omitted, and he has\ninserted, \"in other languages.\" Coverdale, with indefatigable zeal, made\nuse of every translation in his power. Tyndale's _Pentateuch_ had been\nfor several years published, and had passed through two editions. His\ntranslation of _Jonah_, with a long prologue, was printed in 1530 and\n1537, and republished in Matthew's (Tyndale's) Bible in 1549. The\nprologue is inserted in _The Works of Tyndale_, _Frith, and Barnes_,\nand the translation of _Jonah_ by Tyndale is denounced by Sir Thomas\nMore. Why MR. WALTER doubts its existence I cannot imagine. The\ntitle-page is given at full length by Herbert in his _Typographical\nAntiquities_; and it is a fact that _Henry Walter_, in 1828, in his\n_Second Letter to the Bishop of Peterborough_, clearly states that which\nin 1852 he says is \"adhuc sub judice.\" Coverdale rejected from the canon\nall apocryphal chapters and books, and placed them together as a\ndistinct part, in four of his editions, between the Old and New\nTestaments, and in one between Esther and Job. In this he neither copied\nfrom the Latin nor the German.\n\nNo subject connected with English history has been more confused and\nmisrepresented than the history of the English Bible. Mr. Anderson's\nerrors in quotation are most remarkable,--a fact much to be regretted in\nso laborious a compilation. In his selection of passages to prove the\nsuperiority of Tyndale over Coverdale (_Annals_, vol. i. pp. 587, 588),\nin copying forty-six lines he has made _two hundred and sixty-one\nerrors_; viz. 191 literal errors in spelling, 5 words omitted, 1 added,\n2 words exchanged for others, 11 capitals put for small letters, 47\nwords in Italics which ought to be Roman, 3 words joined, and 1 divided.\nThese extracts ought to have been correct, for accurate reprints were\nwithin his reach; it probably exhibits the most extraordinary number of\nblunders in as short a space as could be found in the annals of\nliterature. Mr. Anderson is equally unfortunate in nearly all his\nextracts from written documents and printed books: let one more instance\nsuffice. He quotes the just and memorable words of Dr. Geddes in eulogy\nof our translations made in the reign of Henry VIII. It is astonishing\nhow little obsolete the language of it is, even at this day, and \"in\npoint of perspicuity and noble simplicity, propriety of idiom, and\npurity of style, no English version has yet surpassed it.\" To this\nextract Mr. Anderson adds a note (vol. i. p. 586.): \"These words are\napplied by Geddes, by way of distinction, to Tyndale, and not to\nCoverdale, as sometimes quoted.\" They occur in Dr. Geddes's _Prospectus\nfor a New Translation of the Holy Bible_, 4to. 1786, p. 88. His words\nare: \"The first compleat edition of an English version of the whole\nBible, from the originals, is that of Tyndale's and Coverdale's\ntogether.\" It is to the united labours of these two great men that Dr.\nGeddes applies his just, and, for a Roman Catholic, liberal eulogium.\n\nAmidst a mass of errors Mr. Anderson complains, in a note on p. 569.,\nthat Lewis's _History of the English Bible_ is \"grievously in want of\ncorrection!\" Mr. Anderson's _Annals_ are encumbered with a heavy\ndisquisition on the origin of printing, which reminds us of\nKnickerbocker's _History of New York_, in which we find to a\nconsiderable extent learned accounts of the cosmogony of creation,\nbecause, if the world had not been created, in all probability New York\nwould not have existed: the same probability connects the origin of\nprinting with the history of the English Bible. Why the annalist should\nhave omitted any notice of those important Roman Catholic translations\nat Rheims and Douay, after a long account of Wickliffe's, which was from\nthe same source, is as difficult to account for as is his total silence\nwith regard to a most important revision of the New Testament made in\nthe reign of Edward VI., called by the Company of Stationers \"the most\nvendible volume in English,\" and which was introduced into Parker's, or\nthe Bishop's Bible, in 1568. A good historical work on this subject is\ngreatly needed, showing not only the editions and gradual improvement,\nbut also the sources whence our translation was derived, and its\nfaithfulness and imperishable renown.\n\n    GEORGE OFFOR.\n\n\n\"AS STARS WITH TRAINS OF FIRE,\" ETC.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 75.)\n\nYour correspondent A. E. B. has shown on more than one occasion so high\nan appreciation of the wonderful powers of Shakspeare, and his\nspeculations in connexion therewith are so ingenious, that I feel\nconsiderable regret when I am compelled to dissent from his conclusions.\nI believe with him, that Shakspeare's learning has been very much\nunderrated; but at the same time it must be confessed, that so soon as\nwe abandon the intuition, which some would substitute for learning, by\nwhich his knowledge was acquired, the latter ceases to be \"mysterious.\"\nI regret, however, to say that, if it could be shown that he wrote\n\"asters,\" and with the intention which A. E. B. claims for him, my\nconclusion would be against that misuse of learning which left the\nmeaning of a passage dependent on the antithesis between two words used\neach in a sense different from the usual one, and not understood by the\naudience to whom they were addressed.\n\nLet us now take another view of the question. The purpose of the passage\nis to record the occurrence of a series of omens, the harbingers of\n\"fierce events.\" \"The graves _stood tenantless_;\" \"the sheeted dead _did\nsqueak and gibber_;\" \"the moist star _was sick almost to doomsday with\neclipse_:\" each circumstance is distinct. But what did \"asters with\ntrains of fire,\" and \"disasters in the sun\" do? Mr. Knight says that\nMalone's proposal to substitute \"astres\" for \"as stars,\" appears to get\nrid of the difficulty; but not until the English language admits of the\nformation of a perfect sentence without a verb will it do so. In short,\nthere is nothing gained by the substitution, as Malone saw when he\nproposed to turn \"disasters\" into \"_disasterous_,\" and to supply the\nverb.\n\nI have no alteration of my own to propose; but I think possibly a\nsuggestion as to the directions to be taken in search of the right text\nmay be of service. In the case of a line or lines being lost, nothing\ncan be done; but I discern a gleam of hope in two other directions. In\nthe first place it is to be observed, that the thoughts of the speaker\nwould in all probability be turned to _night_-portents. There is a\nreference to the same circumstances in _Julius C\u00e6sar_, Act II. Sc. 2.,\nas having occurred in the night, and been seen by the watch. Now, though\nthere is certainly no reason why Horatio might not have enumerated spots\nin the sun as one of the omens preceding terrible events, it seems\nscarcely probable that it was in the order of his allusions to the\nevents of the \"fearful night\" preceding the death of C\u00e6sar. Let the\ncorruption then be sought for here. Or look for a verb in the place of\n\"disasters\" that shall intelligibly connect \"the sun\" with what\nprecedes. \"As stars\" must not be changed into \"asters\" until it can be\nshown that such change is necessary to a better constructed sentence\nthan any which has yet been suggested.\n\n    SAMUEL HICKSON.\n\n  St. John's Wood.\n\n\nDIALS, DIAL MOTTOES, ETC.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 471., &c.)\n\nPerhaps the following will be of use to your correspondent HERMES (Vol.\niv., p. 471.), referring to dials which I take to mean sun-dials.\n\nLately there was rather an interesting object of that kind to be seen\nupon the south wall of Glasgow Cathedral, with this motto or\ninscription:--\n\n      \"Our life's a flying shadow, God's the pole,\n      The index pointing at Him is our soul;\n      Death the horizon, when our sun is set,\n      Which will through Christ a resurrection get.\"\n\nThat the above cannot now be classed among _living_ inscriptions is\nentirely to be ascribed to the zeal for clean walls exhibited by Her\nMajesty's Commissioners of Woods and Forests, under whose auspices the\nrenovation of our cathedral has been accomplished. I regret to mention\nsome other memorials have also disappeared, long familiar to the eye of\nthe antiquary--not granting but that these gentlemen have a power to do\nwhat they please; however, _en passant_, we would entreat, if they can,\nto lay on their hands as charily as possible when such innocent matters\ncome in their way. Though the following well-known lines--\n\n      \"Good friend, for Jesus' sake forbear,\n      To dig the dust inclosed here;\n      Blest be the man that spares these stones,\n      And curst be he that moves my bones\"--\n\nbe not literally applicable in the present case, they breathe such a\nspirit as would almost make any one \"nervous\" in tampering with revered\nand time-honoured relics nearly become sacred.\n\nGlasgow does not appear at all rich in dial erections; the only one I\nknow of is in our old street the Gallowgate (or _Gallow's Gate_; as you\nwould say, _the road to Tyburn_), on the south front of a tenement, with\nno motto, but date 1708. Our long fame for numerous public clocks and\nexcellent bells, according to the ancient adage--\n\n      \"_Glasgow for bells_,\n      Linlithgow for wells,\n      Falkirk for beans and pease,\n      Edinburgh for wh----s and thieves,\"\n\ntogether with our frequent wet murky atmosphere, may all have\ncontributed to the unfavourableness of endeavouring to mark the flight\nof Time through the medium of the solar rays.\n\nThe cities and villages under the sunny skies of southern climates, and\nwhere also appears a better taste generally than with us for\ninscriptions on public and private monuments, would, I think, be the\nrichest field for HERMES to explore. I speak from some little\nobservation in a tour of France and Italy, &c., in the year 1846.\nSun-dials were to me objects of curiosity, but not of that importance as\nto be engrossing. On a loose memorandum I have the two following mottoes\nwhich particularly struck me, but have not preserved a note of the\nplaces, that I think lay on the route from Florence to Bologna:--\n\n  (Latin Englished) \"This dial indicates every hour to man but his\n  last.\"\n\n      \"Se il Sol benigno, mi concede il raggio,\n      L'ora ti mostra, \u00e8 il ciel ti dia buon viaggio.\"\n\nOn a building near the Cathedral of Geneva, there is rather a novel and\ncurious example of the sun-dial, in a perpendicular line bisected on\neach side by two curves, the curve on the one side _black_, the other\n_gilded_, with the following:--\n\n      \"Fait en 1778--Restaur\u00e9 en 1824,\n      La Courbe noire Indique le Midi du 21 Juin au 21 D\u00e9cembre,\n            et la\n      Courbe dor\u00e9e du 21 D\u00e9cembre au 21 Juin.\"\n\nMeridian lines, though not, properly speaking, coming under the order of\nsun-dials, may be reckoned so far cognate; fine specimens of these may\nbe seen in the cathedrals of Milan, Bologna, &c.\n\nPublic clocks occasionally become objects of considerable interest, as\nat Berne, &c., not to mention the _monster_ of Strasbourg, which all the\nworld has heard of.\n\nQuaint allegorising on such subjects as the foregoing, as presenting\ndifferent stages in the life of man and the fleeting nature of times and\nthings, were not unusual among our old Scotch divines, as in the\nsubsequent quotation from _The Last Battell of the Soule in Death_, by\nMr. Zachary Boyd, Glasgow, 1629:--\n\n  \"Men's dayes are distributed vnto them like _houres_ upon the\n  _Horologe_: some must liue but till _one_; another vnto _two_;\n  another vnto _three_. The _Palme_ turneth about, and with its\n  finger pointeth at the _houre_. So soone as man's appointed\n  _houre_ is come, whether it bee the _first_, _second_, or _third_,\n  there is no more biding (abiding) for him. _Nec prece nec precio_,\n  neither by _pryce_ nor _prayer_ can Death be moued to spare him\n  but an _houre_; no, not, As the sound of the _clocke bell_\n  ringing, his last _houre_ passeth away with all speede, and\n  turneth not againe, so must the poor man at death packe him out of\n  sight, and no more be seene upon the _land of the living_.\"\n\n    NIGEL.\n\n  Glasgow.\n\n\nCAN BISHOPS VACATE THEIR SEES?\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 293.)\n\nIn answer to your correspondent K. S.'s Query, \"Can bishops vacate their\nsees?\" I have little hesitation in saying that they can; though I know\nof no instance (in modern times) of such an occurrence (except colonial\nbishops); nor have I ever heard of any one but Dr. Pearce who wished so\nto do. Lord Dover is, however, mistaken in supposing that \"his\nresignation could not be received, on the ground that a bishopric, as\nbeing a peerage, is inalienable.\" The bishop's own account of the matter\n(see his Life, prefixed to his _Commentary on the Gospels and Acts_) is\nas follows:--Feeling himself unable, from his age and other infirmities,\nto perform any longer his duties as Bishop of Rochester, and wishing\nlike Charles V. to retire from the world, he requested his friend Lord\nBath to apply to the king for permission to resign. He was soon after\nsent for by the king, who told him that he had consulted _Lord Mansfield\nand Lord Northington, and that neither of them saw any objection_. In\nthe mean time, however, Lord Bath asked the king to appoint, as his\nsuccessor in the see of Rochester, Dr. Newton, then Bishop of Bristol.\nOn this the ministry, not wishing any ecclesiastical dignities to be\ngranted except through their hands, interfered so as to prevent the\nresignation from being effected; Dr. Pearce being told by the king that\nhis resignation could not be accepted, but that he should have all the\ncredit of it.\n\nLord Dover's mistake is, I think, to be attributed to his assumption\nthat bishops are peers of the realm. This is, however, by no means the\ncase. A bishop is simply _a Lord of Parliament_, and possesses none of\nthe privileges of the peerage; not those, among others, of freedom from\narrest, and trial by their peers. A peer can only be deprived of his\npeerage by a special act of parliament, and after a trial by the House\nof Lords; while a bishop can be deprived of his see, and, of\nconsequence, of his seat in the House of Lords, by the sentence of the\narchbishop of the province, assisted by such of his suffragans as he may\nsummon. The two last instances of deprivation were those of Bishop\nWatson, of St. David's, by Archbishop Tenison, and of the Bishop of\nClogher, in 1822.\n\nA bishop so deprived does not cease to be a bishop, but only ceases from\nhaving jurisdiction over a diocese. Whether a bishop can be deposed from\nhis episcopal office altogether is a matter of doubt, though it is held\nby most of those who are learned in the canon law, that there is not\nsufficient authority in any ecclesiastical person, or body of persons,\nto degrade from the office of bishop any one who has once received\nepiscopal consecration.\n\n    R. C. C.\n\n  Oxon.\n\n\nCHARACTER OF A TRUE CHURCHMAN.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 105.)\n\nJ. Y. makes an inquiry as to the author of the _Character of a True\nChurchman_, printed 1711. Your correspondent will do me good service by\nstating the size, and giving the first few words, of his tract. In 1702,\nor perhaps in the preceding year, Richard West, D.D., Fellow of Magd.\nColl. Oxford, and prebendary of Winchester, published _The True\nCharacter of a Churchman, showing the False Pretences to that Name_, one\nsheet in quarto, no date, of which I have two editions; and it was\nreprinted in the Somers' _Tracts_: \"It is commonly observed,\" &c. This\nwas answered by Sacheverell in _The Character of a Low Churchman_, 4to.\n1702: \"It cannot but be visible,\" &c. And in the same year there was an\nedition of both these characters printed, paragraph by paragraph, the\noriginal character and the reply: London, for A. Baldwin.\n\nI have also _The Character of a True Church of England Man_, a single\nsheet in 4to.: London, by D. Edwards for N. C. 1702: \"Next to the name\nChristian.\" And _The True Churchman and Loyal Subject_: London, for J.\nMorphew, 1710, 8vo. pp. 168.: \"The name of the church in whose communion\nI am,\" &c. Is this the same with J. Y.'s book with another title?\n\n    P. B.\n\n  [We have submitted the above to J. Y., who states that \"neither of\n  the tracts mentioned by P. B. is the one noticed in his Query. It\n  commences with the following words: 'He [_i.e._ the True\n  Churchman] is one who is not only called a Christian, but is in\n  truth and reality such.' Prefixed is a short letter from the\n  author to his friend in the country; and the edition of 1711\n  appears to have been the first. It makes sixteen pages of octavo,\n  and consists of short sententious paragraphs, more practical and\n  devotional than controversial. J. Y. discovered it in the British\n  Museum bound up with Dr. Hickes' _Seasonable and Modest Apology_,\n  and other tracts.\"]\n\n\nWEARING GLOVES IN PRESENCE OF ROYALTY.\n\n(Vol. i., p. 366.; Vol. ii., pp. 165. 467.; Vol. v., p. 102.).\n\nMR. SINGER'S explanation (Vol. ii., p. 165.) is simple, and, I believe,\ncorrect. The covered hands might be considered as discourteous as a\ncovered head: but why should uncovering either be a mark of respect? The\nsolution of this question seems to me of some curiosity, and may perhaps\nbe to many of your readers of some novelty. These and most other modern\nforms of salutation and civility are derived from chivalry, or at least\nfrom war, and they all betoken some deference, as from a conquered\nperson to the conqueror; just as in private life we still continue to\nsign ourselves the \"very humble servants\" of our correspondent.\n\nThe _uncovered_ head was simply the head _unarmed_; the helmet being\nremoved, the party was at mercy. So the hand _ungloved_ was the hand\n_ungauntleted_, and to this day it is an incivility to shake hands with\ngloves on. Shaking hands itself was but a token of truce, in which the\nparties took hold each of the other's _weapon-hand_, to make sure\nagainst treachery. So also a gentleman's _bow_ is but an offer of the\nneck to the stroke of the adversary: so the lady's _curtsey_ is but the\nform of going _on her knees_ for mercy. This general principle is\nmarked, as it ought naturally to be, still more strongly in the case of\nmilitary salutes. Why is a discharge of guns a _salute_? Because it\nleaves the guns empty, and at the mercy of the opponent. And this is so\ntrue, that the saluting with blank cartridge is a modern invention.\nFormerly salutes were fired by discharging the cannonballs, and there\nhave been instances in which the compliment has been nearly fatal to the\nvisitor whom it meant to honour. When the _officer_ salutes, he points\nhis drawn sword to the ground; and the salute of the troops is, even at\nthis day, called \"_presenting arms_,\"--that is, presenting them to be\ntaken.\n\nThere are several other details both of social and military salutation\nof all countries which might be produced; but I have said enough to\nindicate the principle.\n\n    C.\n\n\nGOSPEL OAKS.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 407.)\n\nThe inquiry of STEPHEN into the origin of \"this delightful name,\"\napplied to some fine old oak trees in different parts of the country,\nhas not elicited one answer, nor an additional note of other trees so\ndesignated. Oaks are not the only trees so honoured; for I remember\nreading of a \"gospel _elm_,\" but where situated I do not recollect. Had\nyour valuable publication been then in existence, I should most probably\nhave made a note of it. It would be desirable to elucidate this\ninteresting subject; and if your correspondents would send you a note of\nsuch as may be in their neighbourhoods, with the traditions attached to\nthem, much curious and interesting information would be accumulated; and\nit is possible that some approximation to their date and origin might be\narrived at. The Rev. A. G. H. Hollingsworth, in his _History of\nStowmarket_, gives an account of a very fine one still remaining in the\npark of Polstead Hall, Essex, the seat of Charles Tyrell, Esq.:\n\n  \"It stands (he writes) almost in front of the house, at a distance\n  of about 150 yards, and close to the adjoining early Norman\n  church. It rises like a small feudal tower out of the green field,\n  to the height of twenty feet, and still possesses vigorous remains\n  of the three enormous stems into which it was divided above. This\n  earth-born giant is forty-three feet in circumference four feet\n  from the ground, and the base slopes gradually outwards as the\n  sides bury themselves in the earth, giving one the idea of a\n  skilful architect's hand having systematically planted an enormous\n  foundation for that stupendous mass of wood, with which 1000 or\n  1500 years must have loaded its shoulders. It is hollow within,\n  and could seat eight or ten persons. The bark is generally gone,\n  except in one or two places, where it winds like a stream of rough\n  verdure to supply the branches, which still drop their acorns into\n  your face as you gaze upwards, and are thus reminded of the\n  passing seasons. Its wood is seared, knotted, and in some places\n  looks like a piece of sculpture smoothed and wrought by hand into\n  waving channels. By its side, and at a distance of some eight\n  feet, is a tall oak of eighty years' growth,--a scion, no doubt,\n  of such a mighty tree. But it looks puerile, and a child, when\n  compared with its parent. And some idea may be formed of this,\n  perhaps one of the last fast departing memorials of Roman and\n  Saxon times, when on comparison it would take twenty or more such\n  trunks of a hundred years' growth, to make up the bulk of the\n  glorious size of this mighty pillar, thus erected by the hand of\n  nature to the memory of past generations.\"\n\nMr. Hollingsworth appears to consider them relics of Druidism:\n\n  \"When Christianity was first introduced into England, it was\n  customary for the missionaries to select some one known gigantic\n  tree as their place of assemblage. These leafy tabernacles were\n  generally oaks of vast size and stature. Nor is it at all unlikely\n  that some of them were thus chosen because from their gigantic\n  bosoms the sacred mistletoe of the Druids had been cut, and they\n  were consecrated by superstitious veneration in the minds of the\n  people as sacred places. Nor were they inappropriate pulpits for\n  the apostolic bishops and priests, who thus, in making their\n  shades vocal with the gospel words, proclaimed by their voice and\n  presence the victory of Christ over darkness and idolatry.\"\n\n  P. 18.\n\nCan the following item in the will of John Cole, of Thelnetham, dated\nMay 8, 1527, be considered as throwing any light upon their origin and\nuse?\n\n  \"Item, I will have a newe crosse made according to Trappett's\n  crosse at the Hawelanesende, and sett vp at _Short Groves end,\n  where the gospell is sayd vpon Ascension Even_, for y'e w'ch I\n  assigne X_s._\"\n\n  _Bury Wills_, p. 118.\n\n    BURIENSIS.\n\n\nTHE PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 84.)\n\nA few lines will suffice for my rejoinder to H. C. K.'s further\nobservations on this subject.\n\nSince he and I are substantially of the same opinion as to the reality\nof the phenomenon, it would be bootless to discuss the comparative\nmerits of the considerations that have led us to it. But inasmuch as I\nam very careful in making assertions, so am I proportionately impatient\nwhen their correctness is wrongfully impugned.\n\nH. C. K., in remarking upon a statement of mine, enters into a\ncalculation to show that it is absurd. At least such I suppose to be the\nmeaning of the paragraph concluding with the words \"which is absurd.\"\n\nMy assertion was, that the difference alluded to was \"greatly in excess\nof the alleged apparent motion.\"\n\nNow \"_the difference_\" was fifty feet in twenty-four hours, or upwards\nof two feet in the hour; and \"_the alleged apparent motion_\" had been\nstated over and over again to be a complete revolution in about thirty\nhours (for the latitude of London). Hence, the circumference of a\nten-feet circle being about thirty feet, it requires no great profundity\nto discover that \"the alleged apparent motion\" is one foot in the hour;\nbut the \"difference\" in velocity is two feet in the hour, which surely\njustifies the assertion that the latter is \"greatly in excess\" of the\nformer.\n\nIt would occupy too much space to show H. C. K. where it is that his\ncalculation has gone astray; but if he will reconsider it, he will\nperceive, firstly, that he has no authority, except his own, for\nassuming a revolution (of the line of oscillation) in _twenty-four_\nhours; and secondly, that five feet _on either side_ of the centre is\nequal to ten feet altogether.\n\nBut, above all, he must recollect that his own original assertion (Vol.\niv., p. 236.), to which mine was but an answer, was, that \"the\ndifference\" would be \"_practically nothing_:\" of this even his own\ncalculation is a sufficient refutation.\n\n    A. E. B.\n\n  Leeds.\n\n\nEXPURGATED QUAKER BIBLE.\n\n(Vol. iv., pp. 87. 412.; Vol. v., p. 44.)\n\nBy favour of an intelligent and respected friend, I am enabled to send\nsome kind of answer to the inquiries made on this subject in your\nNumbers.\n\nThe Society of Friends have never published nor authorised a mutilated\nedition of the Holy Scriptures. The Bible in common use with them is the\nauthorised version of King James. The translation published in 1764, by\nAntony Purver, a member of the Society, contains several alterations\nfrom the received version, but it does not _omit_ any part. Besides,\nthis edition never came into general use. It was too expensive, and too\nbulky, being in two large folio volumes. It never was reprinted, and in\nfact is seldom found except in public libraries. It is quite true, that\nmany of the Friends, as well as other Christians, have felt that there\nare parts of the sacred volume, which at this time are ill suited for\nbeing read aloud and discussed in a family circle: and some of them have\ndevised expedients for a ready selection of the most edifying portions\nof Holy Writ for such occasions. One of their ministers, Mr. George\nWithy, published a small tract in 1846, which he named _An Index to the\nHoly Scriptures, intended to facilitate the Audible Reading thereof in\nFamilies and in Schools_. His tract enumerates those chapters of the Old\nand New Testaments, which he judged _most_ suitable for that purpose.\n\nIn 1830, John Kendall (to whom one of your correspondents alludes)\npublished in 2 vols. 12mo. _The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New\nTestament, by way of Abstract; containing what is more especially\nInstructive in the Historical Parts, &c. &c._ He designed this for the\nspecial use of young persons, and expressly states that \"it was not\nintended to supersede the reading of the Scriptures at large by those\nwho are come to an age of discernment.\" He adheres mostly, but not\nentirely, to the words of the authorised version.\n\nTwenty or thirty years later, the same feeling of the want of an edition\nof the Bible _entirely_ fit for audible reading in the presence of a\nmixed family, induced Mr. William Alexander, a printer of York, to\nendeavour to supply the deficiency: and after fourteen years of earnest\nattention to the subject, he issued proposals for publishing a Bible so\narranged. It was designed to be in three (perhaps four) volumes,\nimperial octavo size: but, for want of sufficient encouragement, only\nthe first volume appeared, containing the Pentateuch. This consists of\n792 pages; has foot-notes, side-notes, and marginal references; together\nwith introductions to the several books, and dissertations upon sundry\ninteresting subjects. It is evident, that the whole work, if completed\nin the same manner, would have been far too cumbrous for general use,\nand could not have been sold for less than fifty shillings or three\npounds; so that we need not be surprised at its remaining unfinished, as\nit would have been little likely to find its way into many of those\nfamilies for whose benefit it was kindly intended.\n\nThe author explains his views and manner of proceeding in his preface. I\ncannot enter into them at length here. Where a single word or\nexpression in the authorised version appeared to him objectionable, he\nhas removed or changed it. Where entire verses, or a whole chapter,\nseemed little fitted for family reading, he has placed such portions in\nthe lower part of the page, and has printed them in _Italics_ by way of\ndistinction. He has also added a lineal arrangement of numerous passages\nwhich seemed peculiarly fitted to exhibit the characteristic features of\nHebrew poetry.\n\nAltogether, it appears that Mr. Alexander's object was most\npraiseworthy, his learning considerable, and his diligence very great;\nand it is to be hoped that the remaining portions of his work are not\nlost, but that they may yet be made available in some manner for the\npious purpose which the author had in view.\n\n    H. COTTON.\n\n  Thurles, Ireland.\n\n\nJUNIUS RUMOURS.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 125.)\n\nThe experience of a pretty long life has taught me never to believe a\nJunius \"rumour\"; never to believe in any story of a coming Junius, no\nmatter how confidently or circumstantially told, which is not _proved_;\nand I think the short experience of the Editor of \"N. & Q.\" must have\nconvinced him that what is asserted on men's personal knowledge--the\nevidence of their own eyes and ears (see case of \u00c6GROTUS, Vol. iii., p.\n378.), may possibly be untrue, on the proof that it was impossible. Out\nof respect, however, to \"N. & Q.,\" I will say a few words on the rumours\nto which JUNIUS QUERIST refers.\n\nOne of your correspondent's rumours is to this effect, that an eminent\nbookseller was lately called in to value certain MSS., and thus\naccidentally discovered who \"Atticus _or_ Brutus was, and _consequently_\nwho Junius himself was.\" This _consequently_ is certainly a most\nastounding _non-sequitur_ to those who are reasonably well-informed as\nto the present state of the Junius question. But let that pass. Still I\nmust observe that your correspondent is dealing with a rumour; that the\nrumour does not tell us whether the discovery is inferential or\npositive--relates to Atticus or Brutus: nothing can well be more vague.\nNow my \"rumour\" said the discovery was of the writer of the letters of\nLucius. Under these circumstances it would be idle to waste another line\nin speculation: enough for the information of your correspondent, if I\nadd, that in one case the discovery _might_ help us to a _conjecture_\nwho Junius _was_; in another, might prove who he was _not_.\n\nAs to the \"rumours\" about the scents contained in the _Grenville\nPapers_, they would fill a volume. They have been buzzing about for more\nthan a quarter of a century. The nonsense of one-half was demonstrable\nby any intelligent person who would have taken the trouble to examine\nand test them: but nobody did take such trouble. \"N. & Q.\" was not then\nin existence. The most plausible, and seemingly, from its\ncircumstantiality, best authenticated version, was given by Mr. Barker,\nin 1828, to the effect that three letters had been discovered, one of\nwhich had a fictitious signature; another asked legal advice of Mr.\nGrenville as to publishing the letter to the King; and the third\nenclosed a copy of Junius's letter to Lord Mansfield, signed with the\nauthor's initials, and with a reference therein to a letter received\nfrom Mr. Grenville.\n\nThe publication of the letters will soon put an end to \"rumour.\"\nMeanwhile the few following facts will dispose of Mr. Barker's\ncircumstantial fictions, and perhaps satisfy your correspondent.\n\nThere are amongst the _Grenville Papers_ three letters, dated Feb.,\nSept., and Nov., 1768; the _last_ therefore before the _first_ Junius\nwas published.\n\n_Two_ of these letters are signed with the initial C.; and, on the\nsimilarity of the handwriting, it is assumed that the _three_ letters\ncame from the same person. The writer of the _unsigned_ letter claims to\nhave written many of the letters which had latterly appeared in the\nnewspapers, and, amongst others, a letter signed Atticus, a copy of\nwhich he encloses. This is according to my recollection; but I will not\nsay positively that he does not claim to be the writer of the _letters_\nsigned Atticus. The question, therefore, at present stands thus:--The\nconnexion of these letters with the writer of Junius's letters is an\ninference or assumption, not a fact. It remains to be proved: and, for\nanything I know to the contrary, it may hereafter be proved by the\neditor of the _Grenville Papers_,--a diligent and careful man,--that the\nunknown writer of the unsigned letter is worthy of belief; that he was\nthe same person who wrote the two letters signed C.; that Mr.\nGrenville's correspondent C. in 1768, was Woodfall's correspondent C. in\n1769; and then, whether Mr. Grenville's Atticus was the same Atticus\nwhose four letters were published as written by Junius, by Mr. _George_\nWoodfall in the edition of 1812. Simple as this last question may\nappear, and naturally as most persons would come to a conclusion on the\nsubject, I think it well to mention as a warning, that there were, as\nadmitted in the _Public Advertiser_, two persons who about the same time\nwrote under that signature, and I think clear evidence of a third\nwriter.\n\n    J. R.\n\n\nWADY MOKATTEB NOT MENTIONED IN NUM. XI. 26.\n\n(Vol. iv., p. 481.; Vol. v., pp. 31., 87.)\n\nYour pages are not suited to the discussion of topics like this: I mean,\nthat to enter fully into all the points raised by MR. MARGOLIOUTH, would\noccupy more space than you could afford. I therefore write only a few\ngeneral remarks, lest my silence should be interpreted as an\nacquiescence in MR. M.'S arguments. The difficulty MR. M. has to contend\nwith is evidently this: how came the eminent Hebrew scholars, who were\nthe authors of the ancient versions--how came the whole body of Jewish\nRabbis who have written upon the law, to be ignorant of what seems so\nclear to MR. M., that \u05dd\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05db\u05d4, in the passage in question was\nin fact a proper name, denoting _the place_ in which Eldad and Medad\nwere? How came it that they all took it in the sense expressed in our\nEnglish version? [I do not admit the Chaldee paraphrase as an exception\n(notwithstanding what MR. M. remarks), because the words \u05d0\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05db\u05d1 \u200e\u05d5\u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05df\nare an exact rendering of the Hebrew text, and partake of the\nsame ambiguity, if there be any ambiguity.] The legend which I quoted\nfrom Rashi clearly proves that the Jews of his time understood the\npassage as our English translators have done. This is MR. M.'s\ndifficulty: and how does he meet it? He says, \"What of that, if they\nhappen to be wrong? Such a consideration will never interfere with my\nown judgment, founded on a thorough knowledge of the meaning of the\nHebrew word.\"\n\nWhat is this but to say that the Septuagint translators, the authors of\nthe other ancient versions, the Jewish Rabbis, had not the same\n\"thorough knowledge of the meaning of the Hebrew word\" which MR. M. \"in\nhis own judgment\" believes himself to possess? I do not, however,\nsuppose that MR. M. really intends to set up his own judgment against\nthese authorities, as if he was better acquainted with Hebrew than those\nwho lived when the language was vernacular; but when he tells us \"that\nhe has long since learned that opinions are not necessarily true because\nthey are old, nor doctrines undeniably infallible because we have\nbelieved them from our cradles,\" it becomes necessary to remind him that\nI never asserted any such thing, and that my argument, from authority,\namounted simply to this,--that the judgment of the LXX, and other\nancient translators, with that of all the Jewish Rabbis of later date,\nwas a better authority, in my judgment, as to the meaning of a Hebrew\nword, than the unsupported opinion of MR. MARGOLIOUTH, which (as it\nseems to me) is also inconsistent with the context of the passage. If\nMR. M. will produce the judgment of any other authority, especially of\nthose who lived near the time when Hebrew was a vernacular language (for\nthis is what makes the age of the authority valuable), his opinion will\nbe more worthy of attention.\n\n  MR. M. says, as one of his arguments, \"It would appear that DR.\n  TODD himself found the \u05d1 insurmountable, and therefore\n  omitted it in his last Hebrew quotation.\"\n\nThis omission was the error of your printer, not mine; and I think any\none who did not greatly need such an argument, must have seen that it\nwas a mistake of the press. In my own defence I must say that I had not\nthe advantage of being allowed to correct the press.\n\nI do not deny that MR. M.'S interpretation is ingenious and clever, but\nit is for this reason especially that I object to it; Holy Scripture is\ntoo sacred a thing to be trifled with by ingenious conjectures: it is\neasy for a man of talent like Mr. M. to gain a reputation with the\nunlearned by affecting to correct our English version on a \"thorough\nknowledge of Hebrew words.\" This is a rock upon which many have\nfoundered; the temptation is very great to a man like MR. M., who has\nbeen brought up with a verbal knowledge of the Hebrew Scriptures: and it\nis in no unkindly spirit towards him, but very much the reverse, that I\nventure to give him this warning.\n\n    J. H. TODD.\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Rotten Row._--I cannot agree with any of the etymologies of this\nphrase, as given at p. 441. of Vol. i., p. 235. of Vol. ii., or at p.\n40. of Vol. v. of \"N. & Q.,\" because I have found the same applied to\nmany places with which such etymologies could not, by any possibility,\nhave the remotest connexion. In my examination of the _Hundred Rolls_ or\n_Acre Books_ of the various parishes in the hundred of Skirbeck in\nLincolnshire, I found that a portion of several of those parishes was\nnamed _Rotten Row_: I will instance two, Freiston and Bennington. Upon\nconsulting the best authorities I could meet with, I found that Camden\nderives the name from _Rotteran_, to muster; and we know that the Barons\nde Croun and their descendants, the Lords Rous, who formerly held the\nmanor of Freiston, were in the habit of mustering their vassals under\narms. \"William Lord Ros, then residing at Ros Hall, Freiston, received a\ncommand to attend Edward II. at Coventry; and hastened to him with all\nhis men at arms, divers _Hoblers_, and some foot soldiers accordingly.\"\n(See Dugdale's _Baronage_.) That the term _Rotten Row_ has this military\norigin receives additional corroboration from the fact, that in Blount's\n_Glossographia_, 1670, the word ROT is defined to be \"a term of war; six\nmen (be they pikes or musketeers) make a _Rot_ or file.\" Under the word\nBRIGADE in the same dictionary, I find it stated that \"six men make a\n_Rot_, and three _Rots_ of Pikes make a corporalship, but the\nmusqueteers have four _Rots_ to a corporalship. Nine _Rots_ of pikes and\ntwelve _Rots_ of musqueteers, or 126 men, make a complete company.\" In\nCole's _Dictionary_, 1685, I find \"ROT, a file of six soldiers.\"\n\nFrom these authorities I am led to infer that the term _Rotten Row_ is\na corruption of the name originally applied to the place where the\nfeudal lord of a town or village held his _Rother_ or muster, and where\nthe _Rots_, into which his vassals were divided, assembled for the\npurpose of military exercise.\n\n    P. T.\n\n  Stoke Newington.\n\n\"_Preached from a Pulpit rather than a Tub_\" (Vol. v., p. 29.) is from\nthe conclusions of _Religio Clerici; a Churchman's First Epistle_, 3rd\nedition, Murray, 1819. The author thus dictates his own epitaph:--\n\n      \"This be my record: Sober, not austere,\n      A Churchman, honest to his Church, lies here;\n      Content to tread where wiser feet had trod,\n      He loved established modes of serving God;\n      Preached from a pulpit rather than a tub,\n      And gave no guinea to a Bible Club.\"\n\n    B. R. I.\n\n_Olivarius_ (Vol. v., p. 60.).--CLERICUS D. may be informed that the\nwork of _Petrus Joannes Olivarius de propheti\u00e2_; _Basilea_, 1543, is in\nthe library of Trinity College, Dublin.\n\n    TYRO.\n\n  Dublin.\n\n_Slavery in Scotland_ (Vol. v., p. 29.).--To the question of E. F. L.,\nas to what time the custom of mitigating the punishment of condemned\nScottish criminals to perpetual servitude was done away with, I cannot\nat present give a definite answer; but perhaps the following curious\nextract from the _Decisions_ of Fountainhall may be interesting to\nenquirers on this subject:--\n\n  \"Reid, the _Mountebank_, pursues Scot of Harden and his Lady, for\n  stealing away from him a little Girl, called the _Tumbling\n  Lassie_, that danced upon his stage; and he claimed damages, and\n  produced a contract, whereby he _bought her from her mother_, for\n  \u00a330 Scots. But _we have no Slaves in Scotland_, and mothers cannot\n  sell their bairns; and physicians attested the employment of\n  tumbling would kill her; and her joints were now grown stiff, and\n  she declined to return; though she was at least a 'prentice, and\n  so could not run away from her master; yet some cited Moses's Law,\n  that if a servant shelter himself with thee, against his master's\n  cruelty, thou shalt surely not deliver him up. The lords,\n  _renitente cancellario_, assoilzied Harden, on the 27th January\n  (1687).\"--Vol. i. p. 439.\n\n    R. S. F.\n\n  Perth.\n\n_Cibber's Lives of the Poets_ (Vol. v., pp. 25., 116.).--P. T. says that\n\"he has not Croker's _last_ edition of Boswell's _Life of Johnson_,\" to\nwhich MR. CROSSLEY had referred him as to Shiells' share in Cibber's\n_Lives_. He has printed \"last\" in Italics; but I see reason to suspect\nthat he has not seen _any_ of Mr. Croker's editions, nor even Boswell's\nown; for the MS. note which he quotes from a fly-leaf of his (P. T.'s)\ncopy of the _Lives of the Poets_, is nothing but a verbal repetition of\nwhat Boswell had stated on Dr. Johnson's authority in his text, but of\nwhich he had added a refutation in a note; which note, with some\ncorroborative circumstances, was repeated in _both_ Mr. Croker's\neditions.\n\nThere can be no doubt that Shiells misled Johnson, and that Johnson\nmisled Stevens, into the statement which P. T. has copied at some _third\nor fourth hand_, after it had been twice or thrice refuted.\n\nIt is a little hard that your valuable space should be taken up by\ngentlemen who will not even take the trouble of referring to the\nauthorities where you tell them that they will find an answer, and then\nbegin questioning again, as if you had not already settled the matter.\n\n    C.\n\n_Theoloneum_ (Vol. v., p. 105.).--Theoloneum is the Latin law term for\ntoll, corrupted from the Greek Telonium. I am surprised that I cannot\nfind it either in Du Cange or Spelman.\n\n    C. B.\n\n_John of Padua_ (Vol. v., p. 78.).--I have often endeavoured without\nsuccess to obtain some correct particulars about John of Padua, and also\nto ascertain whether he was the same person as \"John Thorpe.\" I hope,\ntherefore, that the inquiry in your last number may lead to a\nsatisfactory result; for we ought to know more of these worthies.\n\n    BRAYBROOKE.\n\n  Audley End.\n\n_Stoke_ (Vol. v., p. 106.).--W. B. asks the meaning of the word _stoke_\nin the names of places; as Bishopstoke, Ulverstoke, &c. (Ulverstoke\nbeing, I presume, a miscopying or misprint of Alverstoke). I cannot at\nall concur in the derivation you quote from Bosworth, from _stoc_, \"a\nplace;\" for then every place might be called _stoke_ without\ndistinction. But in all the _stokes_ that I remember in England there is\nalways and actually a kind of _stockade_ or sluice, which dams up some\nwatercourse to a certain level. Whether this explanation will apply to\nthe local circumstances of all the _stokes_, I know not; but it\ncertainly does to the cases of Bishopstoke and Alverstoke, and of at\nleast half a dozen other _stokes_ within my own observation.\n\n    C.\n\n_Eliza Fenning_ (Vol. v., p. 105.).--Eliza Fenning was a maid servant\nconvicted and executed for poisoning her master's family. I happened to\nbe very intimate with some charitable and distinguished persons who had\ndoubts of her guilt. I myself did not partake those doubts, but I\nassisted my friends in their benevolent inquiries, and was so frequently\nin communication with them both at the time, and long after, that I\nthink I may venture to say that there can be no foundation for the\nstatement that another person had confessed to the crime for which she\nsuffered.\n\n    C.\n\nOn or about Christmas Day, 1833, there may be found in _The Times_\nnewspaper a notice of the death of a man, who, after leading a\ndissolute life, ended his days in the workhouse of some town either in\nSuffolk or Essex. On his death-bed he confessed that he was the brother\nof the law-stationer, and that he had put the poison into the pudding,\nby the eating of which his brother and family died, and for which crime\nEliza Fenning had suffered innocently.\n\n    F. HH.\n\nWith reference to the inquirer respecting Elizabeth Fenning, I would\nremark, that I well remember that it was inserted in a provincial paper,\nmany years ago, that Turner, in whose family the poisoning took place,\nhad confessed before his death that he himself was the guilty person. My\nimpression is, that it was inserted in an Ipswich newspaper. There was\ngreat excitement in London at the time of Eliza Fenning's execution, and\nthe house of Turner had to be protected from the fury of the populace.\nMr. Hone had several pamphlets at his shop window on the circumstance. I\nhave heard Mr. Richard Taylor say she was the last person condemned by\nSir John Sylvester.\n\n    X. Y. Z.\n\n_Ghost Stories_ (Vol. iv., p. 5.; Vol. v., pp. 89. 136.).--I hope it\nwill not be thought that I mean to vouch for the truth of the stories\nafter which I am inquiring, if it should turn out that there really are\nany; and also that I shall not be thought captious if I am not satisfied\nwith the substitutes which are proposed. When your correspondent says\nthat Reichenbach's \"system may be advantageously applied to the\nexplanation of corpse-candles, illuminated churchyards, and other\narticles of Welsh and English superstition,\" I can only say that, as far\nas I understand the superstitions referred to, nobody ever thought of\nconnecting _them_ with _ghosts_. There may be stories of \"illuminated\nchurchyards,\" with ghosts in them, of which I have not heard but no\nghosts are mentioned by your correspondent. I am not laying undue stress\non a word. If the word _ghost_ means anything, it means a _spirit_; and\nI apprehend that the enlightened Baron will not thank any friend who\nwould sink, or explain away, that meaning. So, I presume, his translator\nDr. Ashburner understood him, when he triumphantly exclaimed, \"The\n_glorious_ Reichenbach has, in this treatise, done good service against\nthe _vile demon of superstition_,\" p. 180. These words would have been\ntoo grand for the celebration of such a petty triumph as snuffing out\nWelsh candles, and explaining one or two small superstitions of the\nvulgar. I must therefore again, if you will allow me, ask whether\nanybody knows of such stories as would really meet what appears to be\nthe meaning of the author and translator.\n\n    S. R. MAITLAND.\n\n  Gloucester.\n\n_Autographs of Weever and Fuller_ (Vol. iv., pp. 474. 507.).--Upon\nreading the Query of A. E. C., I remembered to have seen some of\nWeever's handwriting a year or two since, in the copy of his _Funerall\nMonuments_ in the library of Queen's College, Cambridge, of which I was\nthen librarian. I have since written to a resident member of the\ncollege, who has kindly sent me a careful tracing of the MS. note; it is\nas follows:\n\n      \"To the learned and judicious View of\n      the Maister and Fellowes of\n      Queenes Colledge in Cambridge\n      John Weever\n      Presents these his imperfect labours.\"\n\nThe tracing, the accuracy of which may be relied upon, I shall be very\nhappy to lend to A. E. C., if it will be of any service to him. Fuller's\nautograph has not yet been discovered in the library, but, I have reason\nto believe, will be found in the President's lodge.\n\n    W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\n  14. Grove Road, North Brixton, Surrey.\n\n_Lines on the Bible_ (Vol. iv., p. 473. Vol. v., p. 66.).--It has been\nalready shown that these lines are _not_ Byron's, but are to be found in\nthe 12th chapter of Sir W. Scott's _Monastery_. I write now for the\npurpose of noting, that in a similar collection, almost exclusively of\nthe Evangelical school, called _Sacred Poetry_, and published by\nOliphant of (I think) Edinburgh, Byron's lines from _The Giaour_,\nbeginning--\n\n      \"Yes! Love indeed is light from heaven;\n        A spark of that immortal fire,\n      With angels shared, by _Allah_ given,\n        To lift from Earth each low desire,\" &c.--\n\nare printed with the \"Allah\" of the third line simply changed into\n\"Jesus!\" And so a passage, applicable solely to the earthly Eros, is\nmade to do duty as descriptive of another love of which the noble poet\nhad, I fear, remarkably little notion. The editors have had the grace\nnot to append Byron's name as the author. How far is this mode of\n\"improving\" a passage honest?\n\n    HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.\n\n_Hell-rake_ (Vol. iv., pp. 192. 260.).--I cannot dispossess my mind of\nthe impression that, like the theological word _hell_, so the\nagricultural term _hell-rake_ is derived front the well-known Saxon word\nsignifying to _cover_.\n\nEvery Devonshire vestryman or mason well enough knows what is meant by\nthe \"helling,\" or \"heleing,\" or \"heeling,\" of a church, viz. the\ncovering of the roof; and every farmer or labourer in the west will tell\nyou, that the _second-helling_ of potatoes is the covering them with\nearth a second time. Query: Was not the _hell-rake_ originally an\nimplement used in husbandry for the purposes of _covering_ the\nbroad-cast seed, and for other kindred purposes?\n\n    J. SANSOM.\n\n_Family Likenesses_ (Vol. v., p. 7.).--The remarkable preservation of a\nfamily likeness is the subject of one of your \"Minor Notes.\" It has\nbeen often observed, I believe, that in the continuation of such\nresemblance, a generation is not unfrequently passed over, and the son\nis not like the father, but the grandfather. The Note recalled to my\nmind some powerful lines in a poem, printed more than forty years ago,\nfor private circulation only, which I transcribe, thinking that perhaps\nyou may consider them not unsuited to your pages. To establish the\nrelationship of one who claims kindred with another, several proofs are\noffered, viz. a bracelet, a ring, a letter: but the satisfactory\nevidence is afforded by the family resemblance:--\n\n      \"That bracelet with Elmina's hair,\n      That bridal ring which join'd the pair,\n      From Geoffrey, or from Geoffrey's son,\n      By craft or outrage might be won.\n      That letter, where I seem to view\n      Sir Endo's lines precise and true,\n      Of forger's hands the fruit may be,\n      Or penn'd for others, not for thee.\n      But the mild lustre of her eye,\n      Soft as the tint of noontide sky,\n      The grace that once her lips array'd,\n      Nor force nor fraud could thine have made.\n      The semblance of Elmina dead\n      Thus o'er thy every feature spread,\n      No finger on thy front could trace,\n      _'Tis God's handwriting on thy face_.\"\n\n    S. S. S.\n\n_Grimsdyke_ (Vol. iv. _passim_).--Your correspondent NAUTILUS asks it\nthere are any ancient entrenchments in England known by the name of\n_Grimsdyke_, besides the one he mentions in Hants. I have to inform him\nthat one of the most remarkable of the _many Celtic and Druidical\nremains_ on Dartmoor, in the county of Devon, is _Grimspound_, with its\ndyke or ditch, a small stream running through, or just outside, its\ncircumvallation. He will find two very good accounts of it lately\npublished, one in _A Perambulation of the Ancient and Royal Forest of\nDartmoor_: by Samuel Rowe, M.A., Vicar of Crediton (published by\nHamilton, Adams & Co.); and another, in a _Guide to the Eastern\nEncampment of Dartmoor_, _with a Descriptive Map_ (published by Dr.\nCroker, of South Bovey).[2]\n\n  [Footnote 2: The _Guide_ is published by Holden, Exeter; and\n  Kirkman and Thackray, London.]\n\nThere is a good print of Grimspound in Mr. Rowe's book, who describes it\nas by far the finest and most extraordinary of all the relics of this\nclass. Its situation is on the N.W. slope of Hamel Down, on the borders\nof the parishes of Manaton (Colonel Hamilton says, _Maen-y-dun_, the\nfort or inclosure of erect stones), North Bovey, and Widdecombe. Dr.\nCroker says Grimspound is about 400 feet diameter; the wall inclosing\nthe area is formed of loose stones (granite), several of which are of\nimmense size: when first erected it appears to have been about twelve\nfeet in height. There are two entrances, N. and S., with evident marks\nof a pavement. Within are many smaller circles formed by erect stones\nthree feet high, and in general twelve feet in diameter.\n\n    WM. COLLYNS, Surgeon.\n\n  Kenton, Devon.\n\n_Portraits of Wolfe._--I have by me a print well known by \"hearsay\" to\nall the admirers of Hogarth (though evidently none of _his_\nperformance), the print of \"A living dog is better than a dead lion.\" It\nshows a profile likeness of Wolfe, which certainly corresponds with\nevery other likeness I have seen of him. I never saw any other print of\nit but that in my possession.\n\nNow we are upon the subject of Wolfe's portraits, it may not be amiss to\nstate that in the celebrated print by Woollett, every face there was\nengraved by the celebrated Ryland; for this I had the authority of my\nfather, who was acquainted with him.\n\n    B. G.\n\n_Jenings or Jennings Family_ (Vol. iv., p. 424.).--Mr. Jennings or\nJennens (William), of Acton Place, Suffolk, who died at the close of the\nlast century, was a son of Robert Jennens, who served as aide-de-camp to\nthe great Duke of Marlborough. _His_ grandfather Humphrey was settled in\nWarwickshire, became an eminent iron manufacturer in Birmingham, and\nafterwards purchased extensively in Leicestershire. The father of\nHumphrey was settled for some time at Hales Owen in Shropshire; but I\nhave reason to believe his family came from Yorkshire, as suggested by\nA. B. C. of Brighton. The will of Humphrey was dated Feb. 25th, 1651;\nand, as it was proved, may throw some light on his kindred. Various\nworks touching on the pedigrees of Yorkshire may also give the querist\ninformation, especially Whitaker's _Ducatus Leodiensis_ and his _Leodis\nand Elmete_, Surtees' publications, Part I. for 1836; Cleveland's\n_Cleveland_; Davis's _York Records_; Hunter's _South Yorkshire_;\nNichols's _Collectanea Topographica et Geneologica_, vols. iv. and viii.\n&c. &c. Doubtless, too, there are local histories of Craven and Ripon\nwhich might aid his object; but if it would justify expense, he should\nexamine the diocesan and parochial registries of York in regard to those\nlocalities. Mr. Jennens died at a very advanced age, having been the\ngodson of William III., and afterwards page of George I. He amassed an\nimmense property in lands and stock, much of which is, I believe,\nunappropriated and yet unclaimed.\n\n    JOHN D'ALTON.\n\n  48. Summer Hill, Dublin.\n\n_The Father of Cardinal Pole_ (Vol. v., p. 105.).--I. J. H. H. does not\nstate by what authority Sir Richard Pole is styled \"a Welsh knight:\" and\nthe surmise that this name was a corruption of Powell is clearly\nunfounded. The not uncommon names of De la Pole, Atte Pole, and Poole,\nare of English origin; belonging to the _minor_ class of local\ncognomina, like Brook, Gate, Wood, &c. The family from which the\ncardinal sprang was wholly distinct from the De la Poles, earls and\ndukes of Suffolk, and can only be traced for three generations: but the\nseries of \"Pedigrees of Noble Families related to the Blood Royal,\"\nmade, it is believed, by Wriothesley Garter, and printed in the first\nvolume of the _Collectanea Topogr. et Genealogica_, throws some light\nupon it. It appears that Sir Richard Pole and Alianor, who was married\nto Ralph Verney, Esq., and had issue, were the children of _Geoffrey\nPole of Buckinghamshire_ by Edith, daughter of Sir Oliver St. John, and\nhalf-sister to Margaret, Countess of Richmond, the mother of King Henry\nVII. Sir Harris Nicolas, who edited the pedigrees in question, remarks\nupon this alliance:\n\n  \"It has been a subject of surprise that Sir Richard Pole, of whom,\n  or of whose family, little was known, should have married Margaret\n  Countess of Salisbury, the last descendant of the Plantagenets.\n  One of these pedigrees proves that Sir Richard Pole was nearly\n  related to the king, which accounts for the fact.\"\n\nSir Harris Nicolas further remarks, that where, in another page of the\nsame manuscript, the arms of Sir Geoffrey Pole (for he was, it seems, a\nknight) ought to have been inserted, the shield is _left blank_; and\nthat the coat which is engraved on the garter-plate of Sir Richard Pole\nat Windsor, being Party per pale argent and sable, a saltire engrailed\ncounterchanged, appears as if it may have been formed upon the saltire\nof the Nevilles, in allusion to the great inheritance of his wife, the\nLady Margaret of Clarence.\n\n    J. G. N.\n\n_Sir Gammer Vangs_ (Vol. ii., pp. 89. 280. 396.).--I have just found\nsome account of this absurd story in Swift's _Correspondence_, Scott's\nedition, vol. xvi. p. 306. It seems to have been printed in a pamphlet,\na copy of which was sent to the Dean by his friend Mr. Ludlow (Sept. 10,\n1718), under the name of _Sir Politic Would-be_, who gives it sportively\n(as I always thought it _really_ had) a political meaning, and there\nseems to have been some allusion in it to the Dean himself. The pamphlet\nmay, perhaps, be found in some of the Irish libraries.\n\n    C.\n\n_Delighted, Meaning of_ (Vol. ii., pp. 113. 329.).--A discussion was,\nsome time ago, carried on in the pages of \"N. & Q.\" relative to the\nsignification of the word _delighted_ as used by Shakspeare. The same\nword occurs in a sense very different from that which it now bears in\nthe \"Epistle Dedicatory\" (dated 1667) to _The City and Country Purchaser\nand Builder_, by Stephen Primatt. The book is dedicated to Sir Orlando\nBridgman and \"the rest of the Justices and Barons appointed----for\nDetermination of Differences touching Houses burnt down or demolished by\nreason of the late Fire in London,\" and the following is the passage\nalluded to:\n\n  \"The truely merited reputation by your Honours equal ballancing\n  the Scales of Justice, hath, and is the daily cause of so many\n  Petitioners to you for the same, especially in the late\n  wisely-erected Court of Judicature; wherein your Honours, by your\n  quick and _delighted_ equitable dispatch of such differences as\n  have come before you, hath sufficiently testified your undoubted\n  loyalty to our Sovereign Lord the King, and amity to his people,\"\n  &c.\n\n    R. C. H.\n\n_Stops, when first introduced_ (Vol. v., p. 1.).--The semicolon had been\nfreely used in England some years before the date (1589) of Puttenham's\n_Arte of English Poesie_. If Sir Henry Ellis will turn to the first\nedition of Archbishop Sandys' Sermons, _Sermons made by the most\nreuerende Father in God, Edwin, Archbishop of Yorke_: At London, printed\nby Henrie Midleton, for Thomas Charde, 1585, he will find semicolons in\nabundance. I see that the note of interrogation occurs in _A Compendiovs\nand very frvtefvl treatyse teachynge the waye of Dyenge well_, _by\nThomas Lupsete;_ London, 1541. It is no doubt to be found at an earlier\ndate, but my poor library does not afford an older English book. The\nsame mark, I may add, was used as a note both of interrogation and of\nexclamation.\n\n    A. J. H.\n\n_Force of Conscience_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--The relation given by your\ncorrespondent J. K. is also to be found in a volume entitled _The\nProvidence of God illustrated_, 12mo., London, 1836, pp. 386. 387., in\nvery similar words, but no authority is given. Many anecdotes equally\nextraordinary are to be found in this work; it would be very desirable\nto authenticate them.\n\n    W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\n_Monton in Pembroke_ (Vol. iv., p. 371.).--I have to remark that this\nmountain, or monton (the meaning of which B. B. finds it difficult to\nexplain), is situated outside the walls of Pembroke on the adjoining\nhill; and there is now the remains of a priory in or about the midst to\nwhich this village belonged, and that in old deeds it is written\nMonkton, or Moncton. Perhaps this may solve his difficulty.\n\n    J. D.\n\n_Catterick for Cattraeth_ (Vol. iv., p. 453.).--I understand MR.\nSTEPHENS to insinuate that Cattraeth means Catterick or _vice vers\u00e2_.\nThat both names begin with _cat_, and so much only, I am able to\nconcede.\n\nCatterick was Cataractonium, or Cataracta, a Latin word of Greek\nderivation, alluding to the rapids of the Swale. No man can dispute that\nCat-traeth is a compound of regular and truly idiomatic formation.\nTherefore the best meaning I can surmise is this: that Aneurin, wishing\nto play upon the syllable _cat_, the battle, and disregarding the\nfalsehood and inapplicability of _traeth_, therefore travestied\nCataracta into Cattraeth. For the meaning of _traeth_, in topography,\nsee Giraldus, _Itin. Cambr._ lib. ii. cap. 6., and the common sources of\ninformation.\n\nBut that meaning was not one tolerated by Aneurin, maugre its untruth,\nin order to avail himself of the other and appropriate word. It was one\non which he leant heavily and with emphasis, reproducing, and\nmultiplying it in several forms. For he calls the scene of contest not\nonly Cat-traeth, seabeach of battle, but also Gall-traeth, sea-beach of\nprowess; and Mordai, the sea-shore: \"Gododin ar llawr mordai: Gododin\nwhose ground-plot is on the sea-shore.\" Again, the scene of \"outcry and\nslaughter\" is called Uffin; but Uffin was situate on \"y mordai ymmoroedd\nGododin,\" on the sea-shore of the sea of Gododin.\n\nCatterick is remote from the sea, and inconsistent with all that Aneurin\nsays. And though Sigston should mean in Anglo-Saxon _town of victory_,\nfrom some ancient occurrence, Catterick is assuredly not derived from\n_cat_, a battle, in British. Bilinguar etymology, of the same date, and\nfrom the same event, would be suspicious, even if facts did not confute\nit.\n\n    A. N.\n\n_Biographical Dictionary_ (Vol. iv., p. 483.).--It is almost unnecessary\nto direct Z. Z. Z. to the _Biographical Dictionary_ of the Society for\nthe Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, inasmuch as it is but a splendid\nfragment, comprising only the letter A, in seven half-volumes. But it\nmay be of use to call attention to this work; and as, from an\nexamination of the plan, the names of the contributors, and that of the\neditor, no one can have any doubt of its worth and superiority, so one\nwould imagine that an enterprising publisher might take up the\ncontinuation of it without risk.\n\n    ED. STEANE JACKSON.\n\n  Saffron Walden.\n\n_Martinique_ (Vol. v., p. 11.).--One of your correspondents from St.\nLucia asks why the Island of Martinique was so called. It is from the\ncircumstance of its having been discovered on _St. Martin's Day_, 1502,\nby Christopher Columbus.\n\n    PHILIP S. KING.\n\n_A Regular Mull_ (Vol. iii., pp. 449. 508.).--The suggestions of W. E.\nW. and M. as to the origin of this expression are amusing, and show,\nhowever farfetched the derivations, their authors have not gone so far\nas \"Malabar or Deccan.\" Had either of these gentlemen been from the land\nof the wise, they would have known that the residents of Bengal, Bombay,\nand Madras are, in Eastern parlance, designated \"Qui Hies,\" \"Ducks,\" and\n\"Mulls.\" Madras not hitherto having been so highly favoured by \"Kumpanie\nJeh\u00e2n,\" is in a comparatively less advanced stage of civilisation than\nits sister presidencies. The Qui Hies and Ducks, attributing this to the\ninertness and want of go-a-headness of the Mulls, hold them (though most\nunjustly) in cheap estimation; hence they say of a person deficient in\nskill and cleverness that he is \"a regular Mull.\"\n\n    TAPROBANE.\n\n_The Pelican as a Symbol of the Saviour_ (Vol. v., p. 59.).--In Lord\nLindsay's _Christian Art_, vol. i. xx. xxi., we find, in the text: \"God\nthe Son (is symbolised) by a Pelican\" (Psalm cii. 6.), to which is added\nthe following note:\n\n  \"The medi\u00e6val interpretation of this symbol is given as follows by\n  Sir David Lindsay of the Mount, Lion King (nephew of the poet), in\n  his MS. Collectanea, preserved in the Advocates' Library,\n  Edinburgh:--\n\n  \"'The Pellican is ane foule in Egipt, of the quhilkis auld men\n  sayis that the litill birdis straikis thair fader in the face with\n  thair wingis, and crabis him quhill (till) he slayis thame. And\n  quhen the moder seis thame slane, scho greitis (weeps) and makis\n  grit dule thre dayis lang, quhill scho streikis hirself in the\n  breist with hir neb (beak), and garris the blude skayle (flow)\n  vpone hir birdis, quhairthrow thai restoir and turnis to lyf\n  agane. Bot sum folkis sayis thai ar clekkit swown and (hatched\n  swooning), lyk as thai war bot (without) life, and that thair\n  fader haillis (heals) thame agane with his blude. And this maner\n  haly kirk beiris witnes, quhair our Lord sayis that he is maid lyk\n  the Pelican.'\"\n\nI wish Lord L. had translated \"crabis.\"\n\n    F. W. J.\n\n_Church_ (Vol. v., p. 79.).--Can it be that MR. STEPHENS is not aware\nthat there is a long dissertation on the subject of his Query in Ihre's\n_Glossarium Suio-Gothicum_ voce \"Kyrka?\" The Welsh still retain the\nderivative from the Latin, _Eglwys_.\n\n    B. WILLIAMS.\n\n_Donkey_ (Vol. v., p. 78.).--C. W. G. asks, \"What is the origin of\n_donkey_?\" Perhaps he may consider the following (from the great\nauthority) as satisfactory. Porson was introduced to a _Danish_\narch\u00e6ologist of celebrity, who, thinking it necessary to say something\nto Porson, rather abruptly addressed him thus: \"I dink, Mr. Porson, that\nyou vil agree wid me, that asses is derived from Asia.\" Porson eyed the\nlearned Dane, and observed: \"Yes, Sir, about as much as that _donkey_ is\nderived from Denmark: and that is a thought that never struck me till\nnow.\"\n\n    \u00c6GROTUS.\n\n_Moravian Hymns_ (Vol. v., p. 113.).--Dr. Pusey's _Letter to the Bishop\nof London_ (Epiphany, 1851), \u00a7 vi., forms a curious comment on the\nalmost blasphemous lines quoted on this page.\n\n  A. A. D.\n\n\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\nA Note on the coins of Edward III. by PROFESSOR VAN DER CH\u0178S, director\nof the cabinet of coins and medals in the University of Leyden, in a\nformer part of this Number, reminds us to inform our readers that the\nTeyler's Society in Haarlem have just published the treatise on the\ncoins of the ancient duchies of Brabant and Limberg from the earliest\ntimes to the pacification of Ghent, referred to by the professor, who,\nhas been several years occupied in making drawings and descriptions of\ncoins in his own collection, in the cabinet under his care, and in other\npublic and private collections in the Netherlands and neighbouring\ncountries. His work, comprising more than 400 quarto pages of\ndescription and historical research, with 36 well-executed plates\ncontaining 470 specimens of coins from original drawings, supplies a\nwant long felt, and will be equally welcomed by the lover of coins and\nthe student of history. It is not less remarkable for its cheapness than\nfor its beauty.\n\nSince the days when Teofilo Folengo, who has with some propriety been\nregarded as the forerunner of Rabelais, gave to the world, under the\nname of Merlinus Cocaius, the \"Libriculum ludicrum et curiosum, partim\nlatino, partim italiano sermone compositum,\" which may be said to have\ncalled into existence that burlesque style of composition which is now\nunderstood by the term Macaronic, not only has he found many imitators,\nbut his and their works have always found a numerous class of purchasers\nat least, if not of readers. In 1829, Genthe gave to the literary world\nof Germany an excellent history of the works of this peculiar class. He\nwas followed in this country in 1831 by Mr. Sandys, who then gave us his\ninteresting _Specimens of Macaronic Poetry;_ and we have now to thank M.\nOctave Delepierre for his _Macaron\u00e9ana, ou M\u00e9langes de Litt\u00e9rature\nMacaronique des diff\u00e9rents Peuples de l'Europe_--an agreeable and\namusing work upon the same subject. M. Delepierre, while busied in its\npreparations, has had the advantage of consulting the library of M. Van\nde Weyer, which appears to be as rich in this peculiar branch of\nbibliography, as it is known to be not only in every department of the\nliterature of the Low Countries, but in everything that relates to the\ngeneral history of literature.\n\nWhen we consider the unwearied zeal and well-directed perseverance\nmanifested by Mrs. Cowden Clarke in her admirable _Concordance to\nShakspeare_, and the unvarying good taste and great ability with which\nshe has shadowed forth the infant life of those female characters which\nShakspeare has drawn with such mastery,--we feel that we have scarcely\ndone justice to _The Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines_ in allowing this\ngraceful and interesting series of Tales to draw to the close, to which\nit has now been brought by the publication of _Viola the Twin_ and\n_Imogen the Peerless_, without having directed the attention of our\nreaders to the various tales, as they were from time to time presented\nto the world. The press has been unanimous in commending the plan\nproposed to herself by Mrs. Clarke, as well as her execution of it; and\nalthough at the eleventh hour, we join most heartily in a commendation\nas well deserved as it has been universally bestowed.\n\nIf Authors have their peculiar calamities, they may console themselves\nby the reflection that Editors have also some which are peculiarly their\nown. Is it a small matter to receive a book (with a title which alone\nwould occupy nearly a column) containing upwards of a thousand\nclosely-printed pages, and be expected to give, in the short space which\nwe can allot to such notes, an account of its objects, merits, &c.? And\nyet, when one reads in the opening of _The Grammar of English Grammars,\nwith an Introduction, Historical and Critical; the whole methodically\narranged and amply illustrated_, &c., by Goold Brown,--that it is the\nfulfilment of a design formed upwards of a quarter of a century\nsince,--one feels pained at being merely enabled to announce that it is\na work obviously the fruit of much reflection on the part of its author,\nand as obviously deserving of the attention of all whose duty it is to\ndiscover the most advantageous system of inculcating the rules of\nEnglish Grammar.\n\nWe understand that several very important publications will shortly be\nissued from the Oxford University Press. We may first mention the _Fasti\nCatholici_, or _Universal Chronology_, by the Rev. Edward Greswell,\nauthor of the _Harmony of the Gospels_, _the Parables_, &c. It is stated\nthat the present work, which contains the result of the indefatigable\nlabour and research of the Editor for several years, is a still more\nlearned and elaborate production than any of his previous publications.\nAnother, which will excite great attention, is a _Catalogue of the\nManuscripts contained in the Libraries of the Twenty-four Colleges and\nHalls of the University of Oxford_, which has been prepared by the Rev.\nHenry Octavius Coxe, ore of the sub-librarians of the Bodleian Library,\neditor of _Roger of Wendover's Chronicle_, and of Lewis's _Collection of\nForms of Bidding Prayer_, from the manuscript in the Bodleian Library.\nAnd, lastly, we may mention a reprint of Bishop Burnet's _Lives of the\nDukes of Hamilton_, which is usually considered as a supplement to\nSpottiswoode's _History of the Church of Scotland_.\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nISR. CLAUDERI DISPUTATIO DE SALE SUB PR\u00c6SIDIO SAGITTARII. Jen\u00e6, 1650.\n\nTILLOTSON'S SERMONS. Vol I. First Edition. 1670-80. Edited by Parker,\nhis Chaplain.\n\nCRESCENT AND THE CROSS. Vol. I. Third Edition.\n\nMACKINNON'S HISTORY OF CIVILISATION. Vol. II. 1846.\n\nLITE'S DODOENS' HERBAL. First Edition. (An imperfect copy to complete\nanother.)\n\nTURNER'S A BOOKE OF THE NATURES OF THE BATHES IN ENGLAND. 1568. (An\nimperfect copy to complete another.)\n\nA MOST EXCELLENT AND PERFECTE CORNISH APOTHECARY. 1561. (An imperfect\ncopy, to complete another.)\n\nTURNER'S A NEW HERBALL. (An imperfect copy to complete another.)\n\nFIELDING'S WORKS. 14 Vols. 1808. Vol. XI. [Being 2nd of Amelia.]\n\nSHADWELL. Vols. II. and IV. 1720.\n\nARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON. Vol. IV. 1819.\n\nBARONETAGE. Vol. I. 1720. Ditto, Vols. I. and II. 1727.\n\nCHAMBERLAYNE'S PHARONNIDA. (Reprint.) Vols. I. and II. 1820.\n\nHOLCROFT'S LAVATER. Vol. I. 1789.\n\nDRECHSLERUS DE LARVIS. Lipsi\u00e6, 1674.\n\nENCYCLOP\u00c6DIA BRITANNICA. Vol. I. Third edition, published in 1794,\nEdinburgh, for A. Bell.\n\nGIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Vol. II. Dublin. Luke White. 1789.\n\nELSLEY ON THE GOSPEL AND ACTS. London. 1833. Vol. I\n\nSPENSER'S WORKS. Pickering's edition. 1839. Sm. 8vo. Vol. V.\n\nWHARTON'S ANGLIA SACRA. Fol. Vol. II.\n\nARISTOPHANES, BEKKER. (5 Vols. edit.) Vol. II. London, 1829.\n\nLYDGATE'S BOKE OF TROYE. 4to. 1555. (Any fragment.)\n\nCOLERIDGE'S TABLE TALK. Vol. I. Murray. 1835.\n\nTHE BARBERS (a poem) by W. Hutton. 8vo. 1793. (Original edition, not the\nfac-simile.)\n\nTHE DOCTRINE AND PRACTICE OF THE CHURCH OF ROME TRULY REPRESENTED, by\nEdw. Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester, edited by William Cunningham,\nMin. Edinburgh.\n\nA CATECHISM TRULY REPRESENTING THE DOCTRINES AND PRACTICES OF THE CHURCH\nOF ROME, with an Answer to them, by John Williams, M.A.\n\nDODD'S CERTAMEN UTRIUSQUE ECCLESI\u00c6: or a list of all the Eminent\nWriters, Catholics and Protestants, since the Reformation. 1724.\n\nTHE SALE CATALOGUE of J. T. Breckett's Library of British and Foreign\nHistory, &c. 1823.\n\nDODD'S APOLOGY FOR THE CHURCH HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 1742. 12mo.\n\nSPECIMENS FOR AMENDMENTS FOR DODD'S CHURCH HISTORY, 1741. 12mo.\n\nJOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (Several\nCopies are wanting, and it is believed that many are lying in London or\nDublin.)\n\nCH. THILLON (DE HALLE) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APOCRYPHES.. Leipsic,\n1832.\n\n  [Star symbol] Letters stating particulars and lowest price,\n  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND\n  QUERIES,\" 186. 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Moore--Haberdasher--Madrigal--Arborei\nfoetus--Please the Pigs--Porson's Puns--Carmen perpetuum--Coke and\nCowper--Baskerville--Though lost to sight--Covines--Herschel\nanticipated--Monastic Establishments in Scotland--Black Rood\nof Scotland--Stone Pillar Worship--Sacre Cheveux--Rent of\nAssize--Cabal--Parish Registers--White-livered--Blaen--Connecticut\nHalfpenny--London--Tripos--Bow-bell--St. Bartholomew, &c._\n\n_Full price will be given for clean copies of_ No. 19 _upon application\nto our Publisher._\n\n_Neat cases for holding the Numbers of_ \"N. & Q.\" _until the completion\nof each Volume are now ready, price_ 1_s._ 6_d., and may be had by order\nof all booksellers and newsmen._\n\n_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H.,\n_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by\ncirculating them._\n\nVOLUME THE FOURTH OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with very copious_ Index, _is\nnow ready, price_ 9_s._ 6_d. cloth boards._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them\nto their Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n_Errata._--Page 81. col. 1. l. 37, for \"building\" read \"Church;\" p. 105.\ncol 2. l. 41., in the article \"Sterne in Paris,\" for \"wit\" read \"visit.\"\n\n\n\n\nPreparing for publication.\n\n  A HISTORY of the ENGLISH SCHOOL of PAINTING in WATER COLOURS, with\n  Examples Illustrative of its Process, and BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES of\n  the most eminent Professors of the Art.\n\n  By JOS. J. JENKINS,\n\n  Member of the Society of Painters in Water Colours.\n\n  Mr. Jenkins respectfully solicits information relating to the\n  early professors of the art.--5. Newman Street.\n\n\nJust published, price 6_d._, by post 8_d._\n\n  THE PLANTING OF NATIONS A GREAT RESPONSIBILITY. A Sermon preached\n  at the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, in Oxford, on the occasion\n  of the Third Jubilees of the Society for the Propagation of the\n  Gospel in Foreign Parts. By SAMUEL, LORD BISHOP OF OXFORD, Lord\n  High Almoner to the Queen, and Chancellor of the Most Noble Order\n  of the Garter. Published by Request.\n\n  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street\n\n\nLONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.\n\n  Patron: His Royal Highness Prince ALBERT.\n\n  This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000\n  volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English\n  and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of\n  the members, supplied with the best English and foreign\n  periodicals.\n\n  Terms of admission--entrance fee. 6_l._; annual subscription,\n  2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._\n\n    By order of the Committee:\n\n  J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.\n\n    September, 1851.\n\n\nTHE BEST is the CHEAPEST.\n\n      The Best Congou Tea           3_s._ 8_d._ per lb.\n      The Best Souchong Tea         4_s._ 4_d._   \"\n      The Best Gunpowder Tea        5_s._ 8_d._   \"\n      The Best Old Mocha Coffee     1_s._ 4_d._   \"\n      The Best West India Coffee    1_s._ 4_d._   \"\n      The Fine True Ripe Rich\n          Rare Souchong Tea         4_s._ 0_d._   \"\n\n  40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England\n  by\n\n  PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS, No. 8. King William Street, City,\n  London.\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n  3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\n  Founded A.D. 1842.\n\n      _Directors._\n\n      H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.\n      William Cabell, Esq.\n      T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.\n      G. Henry Drew, Esq.\n      William Evans, Esq.\n      William Freeman, Esq.\n      F. Fuller, Esq.\n      J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.\n      T. Grissell, Esq.\n      James Hunt, Esq.\n      J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.\n      E. Lucas, Esq.\n      James Lys Seager, Esq.\n      J. Basley White, Esq.\n      Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n      _Trustees._\n\n      W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.\n      L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.\n      George Drew, Esq.\n\n  _Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P.\n\n  Solicitor-General.\n\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\n  VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\n  Policies effected in this Office do not become void through\n  temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given\n  upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to\n  the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.\n\n  Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share\n  in three-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n      Age    \u00a3.  _s._ _d._\n       17    1   14    4\n       22    1   18    8\n       27    2    4    5\n       32    2   10    8\n       37    2   18    6\n       42    3    8    2\n\n  ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S. Actuary.\n\n  Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._ Second Edition, with material\n  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE\n  on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of\n  Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land\n  Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on\n  Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A.,\n  Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament\n  Street, London.\n\n\nBOOK PLATES.--Heraldic Queries answered; Family Arms found, and every\ninformation afforded. Drawing of Arms, 2_s._ 6_d._; Painting ditto,\n5_s._; Book Plate Crest, 5_s._; Arms, &c. from 20_s._; Crest on Card\nPlate, and One Hundred Cards, 8_s._; Queries answered for 1_s._ Saxon,\nMedi\u00e6val, and Modern Style Book Plates. The best Authorities and MS.\nBooks of thirty-five years' practice consulted. Heraldic Stamps for\nLinen or Books, with reversed Cyphers and Crests. Apply, if by letter,\nenclosing stamps or post office order, to JAMES FRISWELL (Son-in-law to\nJ. Rumley, publisher of \"The Crest Book,\" \"Heraldic Illustrations\").\nHeraldic Engraver, 12. Brooke Street, Holborn.\n\n\nSPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS.\n\n  Intending Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the\n  principles, rates, and whole provisions of the\n\n  SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION\n\n  with those of any existing company.\n\n  In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the\n  policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal\n  liability. It claims superiority, however, over other mutual\n  offices in the following particulars.\n\n  1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See\n  specimens below.(*)\n\n  2. A more accurate adjustment of the rules of premium to the\n  several ages.\n\n  3. A principle in the division of the surplus more safe,\n  equitable, and favourable to good lives.\n\n  4. Exemption from entry money.\n\n      (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits.\n\n      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------\n      Age 20  |  25   |   30  |  35   |  40   |  45   | 50    |   55\n      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------\n      1  15  8|1 18  0|2  1  6|2  6 10|2 14  9|3  4  9|4  1  7|5  1  11\n      --------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------\n\n      (*) Annual Premiums for 100_l._, with Whole Profits, payable\n      for 21 years only.\n\n      ---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------\n      Age 20   |  25   |   30   |   35   |   40   |   45   |  50\n      ---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------\n       2   7  0|2 10  8|2  14  6|2  19  8|3   6  4|3  14  9|4  7  2\n      ---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------\n\n  All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud.\n\n  Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of\n  the Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be\n  forwarded (gratis) on application, at the London Office, 12.\n  Moorgate Street.\n\n  GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London.\n\n\nPARTICIPATION IN PROFITS.\n\n      GLOBE INSURANCE,\n      CORNHILL AND PALL-MALL,\n      LONDON.\n\n      Established 1803.\n      (_Empowered by Special Acts of Parliament._)\n\n      FOR\n\n      FIRE, LIFE, ANNUITIES, AND THE\n      PURCHASE OF REVERSIONS AND\n      LIFE CONTINGENCIES.\n\n  JAMES WM. FRESHFIELD, Esq., M.P. F.R.S., Chairman.\n\n  FOWLER NEWSAM, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.\n\n  GEORGE CARR GLYN, Esq., M.P., Treasurer.\n\n  _Capital._--One Million _Sterling_--_the Whole Paid-up and\n  Invested_.\n\n  New Tables of Life Premiums on a Just and Liberal basis have been\n  adopted by the \"Globe Insurance,\" combining the _Plan of\n  Participation_, with those principles of Solidity and Security,\n  which have distinguished the Company from its formation.\n\n  Two Scales of Premiums, _Participating_ and _Non-Participating_.\n\n  Two-Thirds of Profits divided as Bonus every Seven Years.\n\n  One-Third of the Premium may remain _Unpaid_ as a debt upon the\n  Policy--and other facilities afforded to Insurers.\n\n  Insurances taken to the extent of 10,000_l._ on a Single Life.\n\n  Every class of FIRE and LIFE Insurance Business transacted.\n\n  PROSPECTUSES with full Tables and Details--and Forms, may be had\n  at the Offices of the Company, or of any of the Agents.\n\n  (_By Order of the Board_)\n\n  _Jan. 1852._\n\n      WILLIAM NEWMARCH.\n      _Secretary._\n\n\nVols. I. II. and III. now ready.\n\n  Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6_s._\n  each.\n\n  GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES. A Series of Fifteen Tales. By\n  MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in One Shilling Books, each\n  containing a complete Story.\n\n      Vol. I. Price 6_s._\n      Tale I.  PORTIA; THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT.\n      Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER.\n      Tale III. HELENA; THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN.\n      Tale IV. DESDEMONA; THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD.\n      Tale V. MEG AND ALICE; THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR.\n\n      Vol. II. Price 6_s._\n      Tale VI. ISABELLA; THE VOTARESS.\n      Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA; THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.\n      Tale VIII. OPHELIA; THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.\n      Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA; THE FRIENDS.\n      Tale X. JULIET; THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.\n\n      Vol. III. Price 6_s._\n      Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO; THE COUSINS.\n      Tale XII OLIVIA; THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.\n      Tale XIII. HERMIONE; THE RUSSIAN PRINCESS.\n      Tale XIV.  VIOLA; THE TWIN.\n      Tale XV. IMOGEN; THE PEERLESS.\n\n  SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court.\n\n\nJust Published.\n\n  PROPERTY AND INCOME TAX: SCHEDULE A, AND SCHEDULE D.\n\n  London: JAMES RIDGWAY, Piccadilly.\n\n\nBOOKS PRINTED FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.\n\n  At the Prices annexed, _in Boards_.\n\n  Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, in Oxford; and 377. Strand. London; and\n  E. GARDNER, 7. Paternoster Row.\n\n  These books are also supplied in neat library binding, and\n  specimens may be seen at Mr. Parker's, either in Oxford, or at\n  377. Stand, London.\n\n  The Wycliffe Versions.\n\n  THE HOLY BIBLE, CONTAINING THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS, with the\n  APOCRYPHAL BOOKS, in the Earliest English Versions made from the\n  Latin Vulgate by JOHN WYCLIFFE AND HIS FOLLOWERS. Edited by the\n  Rev. JOSIAH FORSHALL, F.R.S. &c., late Fellow of Exeter College,\n  and SIR FREDERIC MADDEN, K.H., F.R.S., Keeper of the MSS. in the\n  British Museum. 4 vols. 4to. 5_l._ 15_s._ 6_d._\n\n  REFORMATIO LEGUM.--THE REFORMATION OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL LAWS, as\n  attempted in the reigns of King Henry VIII., King Edward VI., and\n  Queen Elizabeth. A New Edition. 8vo. 6_s._ 6_d._\n\n  THE LIFE OF JAMES DUKE OF ORMOND; containing an account of the\n  most remarkable affairs of his time, and particularly of Ireland\n  under his government; with an Appendix and a Collection of\n  Letters, serving to verify the most material facts in the said\n  History. A new Edition, carefully compared with the original MSS.\n  6 vols. 8vo. Price 2_l._ 6_s._ in boards.\n\n  A CATALOGUE OF ALL GRADUATES IN DIVINITY, LAW, MEDICINE, ARTS, AND\n  MUSIC, who have regularly proceeded or been created in the\n  University of Oxford, between October 10 and December 31, 1850. To\n  which is added, a List of Chancellors, High Stewards,\n  Vice-Chancellors, Proctors, Heads of Colleges and Halls, and\n  Burgesses of the University; together with a Statement of\n  Matriculations and Regencies. 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._\n\n  A PARAPHRASE and COMMENT UPON THE EPISTLES AND GOSPELS APPOINTED\n  TO BE USED IN THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND ON ALL SUNDAYS AND HOLYDAYS\n  THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. By GEORGE STANHOPE, D.D., sometime Dean of\n  Canterbury. A New Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 18_s._\n\n  THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT CONNECTED IN THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS AND\n  NEIGHBOURING NATIONS, from the declension of the Kingdoms of\n  Israel and Judah to the time of Christ. By HUMPHREY PRIDEAUX, Dean\n  of Norwich. 2 vols. 8vo. Price 14_s._ in boards.\n\n  THE WORKS OF RICHARD HOOKER. With an account of his Life and\n  Death. By IZAAC WALTON. A New Edition, with additions; arranged by\n  the Rev. JOHN KEBLE, M.A., late Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford,\n  Professor of Poetry. 5 vols. 8vo. 1_l._ 11_s._ 6_d._\n\n  A PARAPHRASE AND ANNOTATIONS UPON ALL THE BOOKS OF THE NEW\n  TESTAMENT, briefly explaining all the difficult places thereof. By\n  H. HAMMOND, D.D. 4 vols. 8vo. 1_l._ 10_s._\n\n  CLARENDON'S (EDW. EARL OF) HISTORY OF THE REBELLION AND CIVIL WARS\n  IN ENGLAND, together with an Historical View of the Affairs of\n  Ireland; now for the first time carefully printed from the\n  original MS. preserved in the Bodleian Library. To which are\n  subjoined the Notes of Bishop Warburton. 7 vols. 8vo. 2_l._ 10_s._\n\n\nPROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET.\n\n  CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.\n\n  Established 1806.\n\n  Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._\n\n  Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._\n\n  Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._\n\n      _President._\n\n      The Right Honourable EARL GREY.\n\n      _Directors._\n\n      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.\n      H. Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Dep.-Chairman_.\n      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.\n      George Dacre, Esq.\n      William Judd, Esq.\n      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.\n      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird\n      Thomas Maugham, Esq.\n      William Ostler, Esq.\n      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.\n      George Round, Esq.\n      Frederick Squire, Esq.\n      William Henry Stone, Esq.\n      Capt. William John Williams.\n\n      J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.\n\n  _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D., F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague\n  Street, Montague Square.\n\n  NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.\n\n  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.\n\n      Date of Policy. 1806\n      Sum Insured. \u00a32500\n      Original Premium. \u00a379  10  10 Extinguished\n      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.\n          \u00a31222   2   0\n\n      Date of Policy. 1811\n      Sum Insured. \u00a31000\n      Original Premium. \u00a3 33  19   2 Ditto [Extinguished]\n      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.\n           \u00a3231  17   8\n\n      Date of Policy. 1818\n      Sum Insured. \u00a31000\n      Original Premium. \u00a3 34  16  10 Ditto [Extinguished]\n      Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually.\n           \u00a3114  18  10\n\n  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.\n\n       Policy No.  521\n       Date. 1807\n       Sum Insured.  \u00a3900\n       Bonus added. \u00a3982  12  1\n       Total with Additions to be further increased. \u00a31882  12  1\n\n       Policy No. 1174\n       Date. 1810\n       Sum Insured. \u00a31200\n       Bonus added. \u00a31160   5  6\n       Total with Additions to be further increased. \u00a32360   5  6\n\n       Policy No. 3392\n       Date. 1820\n       Sum Insured. \u00a35000\n       Bonus added. \u00a33558  17  8\n       Total with Additions to be further increased. \u00a38558  17  8\n\n  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application\n  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the\n  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.\n  50. Regent Street.\n\n\nLITERARY ASSISTANCE.--Extracts made from Books and Manuscripts in the\nBritish Museum, and other Libraries; and Researches connected with all\nbranches of Literary Inquiry, conducted on extremely moderate terms, by\nW. W. H. BERESFORD. Address \"Care of Mr. Goodinge, Bookseller, 21.\nAldergate Street.\"\n\n  Gentlemen residing in the Country will find this an expeditious\n  and inexpensive way of availing themselves of the bibliographical\n  treasures contained in the metropolitan collections.\n\n\nSecond edition, 12mo., cloth 3_s._, with Illustrations.\n\n  THE BELL, its Origin, History, and Uses. By the Rev. ALFRED GATTY,\n  Vicar of Ecclesfield.\n\n  \"A new and revised edition of a very varied, learned, and amusing\n  essay on the subject of bells.\"--_Spectator._\n\n  GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\n\n\nPrinted by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, February 14. 1852.\n\n\n\n\n      [Transcriber's Note: List of volumes and content pages in \"Notes\n      and Queries\", Vol. I.-V.]\n\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |\n      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |\n      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |\n      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |\n      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |\n      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |\n      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |\n      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |\n      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |\n      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |\n      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |\n      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |\n      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |\n      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |\n      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |\n      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |\n      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |\n      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |\n      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |\n      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |\n      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |\n      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |\n      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |\n      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |\n      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |\n      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |\n      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |\n      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |\n      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |\n      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |\n      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |\n      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |\n      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |\n      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |\n      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |\n      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |\n      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |\n      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |\n      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |\n      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |\n      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |\n      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |\n      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |\n      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |\n      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |\n      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |\n      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |\n      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |\n      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |\n      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |\n      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |\n      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |\n      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |\n      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |\n      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |\n      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |\n      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |\n      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |\n      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |\n      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |\n      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |\n      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |\n      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |\n      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  88 | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  89 | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  90 | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  91 | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  92 | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  93 | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  94 | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  95 | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  96 | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851      | 305-333 | PG # 38926 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov.  1, 1851      | 337-358 | PG # 39076 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov.  8, 1851      | 361-374 | PG # 39091 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851      | 377-396 | PG # 39135 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851      | 401-414 | PG # 39197 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851      | 417-430 | PG # 39233 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec.  6, 1851      | 433-460 | PG # 39338 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851      | 465-478 | PG # 39393 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851      | 481-494 | PG # 39438 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 113 | Dec. 27, 1851      | 497-510 | PG # 39503 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. V.                                   |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         |  Pages  | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. V  No. 114 | January  3, 1852   |   1- 18 | PG # 40171 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 115 | January 10, 1852   |  25- 45 | PG # 40582 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 116 | January 17, 1852   |  49- 70 | PG # 40642 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 117 | January 24, 1852   |  73- 94 | PG # 40678 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 118 | January 31, 1852   |  97-118 | PG # 40716 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. V  No. 119 | February  7, 1852  | 121-142 | PG # 40742 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |\n      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |\n      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |\n      | INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851    | PG # 40166 |\n      +------------------------------------------------+------------+","title":"Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 120, February 14, 1852: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":24907}