{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_40773/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_40773","id":"gutenberg_40773","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40773","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Classics of Literature","Category: History - Other","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been\nstandardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A\nlist of volumes and pages in \"Notes and Queries\" has been added at the\nend.]\n\n\n\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION\n\nFOR\n\nLITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\nVOL. V.--No. 121. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 21. 1852.\n\nPrice Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n                                                                Page\n\n\n      NOTES:--\n\n      Readings in Shakspeare, No. II.                            169\n\n      National Defences                                          171\n\n      Notes on Homer, No. II., by Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie        171\n\n      Folk Lore:--Fernseed--Cornish Folk Lore                    172\n\n      Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words                 173\n\n      The Last of the Pal\u00e6ologi                                  173\n\n      The last Lay of Petrarch's Cat                             174\n\n      Minor Notes:--Sobriquet--Origin of Paper--Persistency\n        of Proper Names--Cheap Maps                              174\n\n      QUERIES:--\n\n      Did St. Paul quote Aristotle? by Thomas H. Gill            175\n\n      Minor Queries:--Silver Royal Font--L'Homme de 1400\n      Ans--Llandudno, on the Great Orme's Head--Johnson's House,\n      Bolt Court--Bishop Mossom--Orlando Gibbons--Portraits\n      --Barnard's Church Music--The Nelson Family--Letters\n      to the Clergy--Margaret Burr--Northern Ballads--\"Blamed\n      be the man,\" &c.--\"Quid est Episcopus\"--Henry Isaac--German\n      Poet quoted by Camden--American Degrees--Derivation\n      of News--Passage in Troilus and Cressida--Bachelor's\n      Buttons--Princes of Wales and Earls of Chester, eldest\n      Sons of the Kings of England--Authenticated Instances\n      of Longevity                                               175\n\n      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Laud's Letters and Papers--Scot's\n      Philomythie--Robin of Doncaster--Hor\u00e6\n      Belgic\u00e6--Dulcarnon                                         179\n\n      REPLIES:--\n\n      Number of the Children of Israel                           180\n\n      Serjeants' Rings and Mottoes, by J. B. Colman, &c.         181\n\n      Learned Men of the Name of Bacon                           181\n\n      Collar of SS.                                              182\n\n      The K\u00f6nigsmarks                                            183\n\n      Boiling Criminals to Death, by J. B. Colman, &c.           184\n\n      \"Admonition to the Parliament\"                             184\n\n      \"Sir Edward Seaward's Narrative,\" by W. H. Lammin, &c.     185\n\n      General Wolfe                                              185\n\n      Replies to Minor Queries:--Commemoration of Benefactors\n      --King Robert Bruce's Watch--Hornchurch--Buzz--Melody of\n      the Dying Swan--\"From the Sublime to the Ridiculous is but\n      a Step\"--\"Carmen perpetuum,\" &c.--Sterne at Paris--The\n      Paper of the present Day--Cimmerii, Cimbri--Rents\n      of Assize--Monastic Establishments in Scotland--History\n      of Brittany--Marches of Wales, and Lords Marchers--The\n      Broad Arrow--Miniature of Cromwell--The Sina\u00eftic\n      Inscriptions--Why cold Pudding settles One's Love\n      --Covines--\"Arborei foetus alibi,\" &c.--Poniatowski\n      Gems                                                       186\n\n      MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n      Notes on Books, &c.                                        190\n\n      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               190\n\n      Notices to Correspondents                                  191\n\n      Advertisements                                             191\n\n\n\n\nNotes.\n\n\nREADINGS IN SHAKSPEARE, NO. II.\n\n_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 4.\n\n                      \"The dram of eale\n      Doth all the noble substance of a doubt\n      To his own scandal.\"--_Quarto of 1604._\n\n                    \"The dram of eafe.\"\n\n      _Quarto of 1605._\n\n                      \"The dram of ill\n      Doth all the noble substance often dout,\n      To his own scandal.\"\n\n      _Knight and Collier._\n\nI cannot look upon this emendation, although sanctioned by the two\nlatest editors of Shakspeare, as by any means a happy one. The original\nword in the second quarto, \"ease,\" so nearly resembles \"eale\" in the\nfirst quarto (especially when printed with the old-fashioned long\n\"[s]\"); and the subsequent transition from _ease_ to _base_ is so\nextremely obvious, and at the same time so thoroughly consistent with\nthe sense, that it is difficult to imagine any plausible ground for the\nrejection of _base_ in favour of _ill_. _Dram_ was formerly used (as\n_grain_ is at present) to signify an indefinitely small quantity; so\nthat \"the dram of base\" presents as intelligible an expression as can be\ndesired.\n\nBut in addition to its easy deduction from the original, _base_\npossesses other recommendations, in being the natural antagonist of\n_noble_ in the line following, and in the capability of being understood\neither in a moral or physical sense.\n\nIf the whole passage be understood as merely assertive, then _base_ may\nhave, in common with _ill_, a moral signification; but if it be\nunderstood as a metaphorical allusion to substantial matter, in\nillustration of the moral reflections that have gone before, then _base_\nmust be taken (which _ill_ cannot) in the physical sense, as a _base\nsubstance_, and, as such, in still more direct antagonism to the _noble\nsubstance_ opposed to it.\n\nIn a former paper I had occasion to notice the intimate knowledge\npossessed by Shakspeare in the arcana of the several arts; and I now\nrecognise, in this passage, a metaphorical allusion to the degradation\nof gold by the admixture of baser metal. _Gold_ and _lead_ have always\nbeen in poetical opposition as types of the _noble_ and the _base_; and\nwe are assured by metallurgists, that if lead be added to gold, even in\nthe small proportion of one part in two thousand, the whole mass is\nrendered completely brittle.\n\nThe question then is, in what way \"the dram of base\" affects \"all the\nnoble substance?\" Shakspeare says it renders it doubtful or suspicious;\nhis commentators _make him say_ that it _douts_ or extinguishes it\naltogether! And this they do without even the excuse of an originally\nimperfect word to exercise conjecture upon. The original word is\n_doubt_, the amended one _dout_; and yet the first has been rejected,\nand the latter adopted, in editions whose peculiar boast it is to have\nrestored, in every practicable instance, the original text.\n\nNow, in my opinion, Shakspeare did not intend _doubt_ in this place, to\nbe a verb at all, but a noun substantive: and it is the more necessary\nthat this point should be discussed, because the amended passage has\nalready crept into our dictionaries as authority for the verb _dout_;\nthus giving to a very questionable emendation the weight of an\nacknowledged text. (Vide Todd's _Johnson_.)\n\nAny person who takes the amended passage, as quoted at the head of this\narticle, and restores \"dout,\" to its original spelling, will find that\nthe chief hindrance to a perfect meaning consists in the restriction of\n_doth_ to the value of a mere expletive. Let this restriction be\nremoved, by conferring upon _doth_ the value of an _effective verb_, and\nit will be seen that the difficulty no longer remains. The sense then\nbecomes, \"the base _doth_ doubt to the noble,\" i.e. _imparts_ doubt to\nit, or renders it doubtful. We say, a man's good actions _do him\ncredit_; why not also, his bad ones _do him doubt_? One phrase may be\nless familiar than the other, but they are in strict analogy as well\nwith themselves as with the following example from the _Twelfth Night_,\nwhich is exactly in point:\n\n      \"Thou hast, Sebastian, done good feature shame.\"\n\nHence, since the original word is capable of giving a clear and distinct\nmeaning, there can be no possible excuse for displacing it, even if the\nword to be substituted were as faultless as it is certainly the reverse.\n\nFor not only is _dout_ an apocryphal word, but it is _inelegant_ when\nplaced, as it must be in this instance, in connexion with the expletive\n_doth_, being at the same time in itself a verb compounded of _do_.\nNeither is the meaning it confers so clear and unobjectionable as to\nrender it desirable; for in what way can a very small quantity be said\nto _dout_, or expel, a very large quantity? To justify such an\nexpression, the entire identity of the larger must be extinguished,\nleaving no part of it to which _the scandal_ mentioned in the third line\ncould apply.\n\nBut an examination of the various places wherein scandal is mentioned by\nShakspeare, shows that the meaning attached by him to that word was\nfalse imputation, or loss of character: therefore, in the contact of the\nbase and the noble, _the scandal_ must apply _to the noble substance_--a\nconsideration that must not be lost sight of in any attempt to arrive at\nthe true meaning of the whole passage.\n\nSo far, I have assumed that \"often\" (the third substitution in the\namended quotation) is the best representative that can be found for the\n\"of a\" of the original; and inasmuch as it is confirmed by general\nconsent, and is moreover so redundant, in this place, that its absence\nor presence scarcely makes any difference in the sense, it is not easily\nassailable.\n\nThe best way, perhaps, to attempt to supplant it is to suggest a better\nword--one that shall still more closely resemble the original letters in\nsound and formation, and that shall, in addition, confer upon the sense\nnot a redundant but an effective assistance. Such a word is _offer_: it\nis almost identical (in sound at least) with the original, and it\nmaterially assists in giving a much clearer application to the last\nline.\n\nFor these reasons, but especially for the last, I adopt _offer_, as a\nverb in the infinitive ruled by _doth_, in the sense of causing or\ncompelling; a sense that must have been in familiar use in Shakspeare's\ntime, or it would not have been introduced into the translation of\nScripture.\n\nIn this view the meaning of the passage becomes, \"The base _doth_ the\nnoble offer doubt, to his own scandal\"--that is, causes the noble to\nexcite suspicion, to the injury of its own character.\n\nExamples of _do_ in this sense are very numerous in Spenser; of which\none is (_F.Q._, iii. 2. 34.):\n\n      \"To _doe_ the frozen cold away _to fly_.\"\n\nAnd in Chaucer (_Story of Ugolino_):\n\n      \"That they for hunger wolden _do_ him _dien_.\"\n\nAnd in Scripture (2 Cor. viii. 1.):\n\n      \"We _do_ you _to wit_ of the grace of God.\"\n\nBy this reading a very perfect and intelligible meaning is obtained, and\nthat too by the slightest deviation from the original yet proposed.\n\nBy throwing the action of offering doubt upon \"the _noble substance_,\"\nit becomes the natural reference to \"his own scandal\" in the third line.\n\nHamlet is moralising upon the tendency of the \"noblest virtues,\" \"be\nthey as pure as grace, as infinite as man may undergo,\" to take, from\n\"the stamp of one defect,\" \"_corruption in the general censure_\" (a very\nclose definition of scandal); and he illustrates it by the metaphor:\n\n                                \"The dram of base\n      _Doth_ all the noble substance offer doubt,\n      To his own scandal.\"\n\n    A. E. B.\n\n  Leeds.\n\n\nNATIONAL DEFENCES.\n\nCollet, in his _Relics of Literature_, has furnished some curious\nnotices of a work on national defences, which perhaps ought to be\nconsulted at the present time, now that this matter is again exciting\nsuch general interest among all classes. It was compiled when the\ngigantic power of France, under Buonaparte, had enabled him to overrun\nand humble every continental state, and even to threaten Great Britain;\nand when the spirit of this country was roused to exertion by a sense of\nthe danger, and by the fervour of patriotism. The government of that day\nneglected no means to keep this spirit alive in the nation; and George\nIII. conceiving the situation of his dominions to resemble, in many\nrespects, that which terminated so fortunately for England in the days\nof Queen Elizabeth, directed proper researches to be made for\nascertaining the principles and preparations adopted at that eventful\nperiod. The records of the Tower were accordingly consulted; and a\nselection of papers, apparently of the greatest consequence, was formed\nand printed, but not published. This work, which contained 420 pages in\noctavo, was entitled, _A Report of the Arrangements which were made for\nthe Internal Defence of these Kingdoms, when Spain, by its Armada,\nprojected the Invasion and Conquest of England; and Application of the\nWise Proceedings of our Ancestors to the Present Crisis of Public\nSafety_. The papers in this work are classed in the order of external\nalliance, internal defence, military arrangements, and naval equipments.\nThey are preceded by a statement of facts, in the history of Europe, at\nthe period of the Spanish Armada; and a sketch of events, showing the\neffects of the Queen's measures at home and abroad. As a collection of\nhistorical documents, narrating an important event in British history,\nthis work is invaluable; and, as showing the relative strength of this\ncountry in population and other resources in the sixteenth century, it\nis curious and interesting.\n\n    J. Y.\n\n\nNOTES ON HOMER, NO. II.\n\n(_Continued from_ Vol. v., p. 100.)\n\n_The Wolfian Theory._\n\nThe most important consideration concerning Homer is the hypothesis of\nWolf, which has been contested so hotly; but before entering on the\nconsideration of this revolution, as it may be called, I shall lay\nbefore your readers the following quotation from the introduction of\nFauriel to the old Proven\u00e7al poem, \"Histoire de la Croisade contre les\nAlbigeois,\" in the _Collection des Documens In\u00e9dits sur l'Histoire de\nFrance_. He observes:--\n\n  \"The romances collectively designated by the title of\n  Carlovingian, are, it would seem, the most ancient of all in the\n  Proven\u00e7al literature. They were not, originally, more than very\n  short and simple poems, popular songs destined to be recited with\n  more or less musical intonation, and susceptible, consequently on\n  their shortness, of preservation without the aid of writing, and\n  simply by oral tradition among the _jongleurs_, whose profession\n  it was to sing them. Almost insensibly these songs developed\n  themselves, and assumed a complex character; they attained a fixed\n  length, and their re-composition required more invention and more\n  design. In another point of view, they had increased in number in\n  the same ratio as they had acquired greater extent and complexity;\n  and things naturally attained such a position, that it became\n  impossible to chant them from beginning to end by the aid of\n  memory alone, nor could they be preserved any longer without the\n  assistance of a written medium. They might be still occasionally\n  sung in detached portions; but there exists scarcely a doubt, that\n  from that period they began to be read; and it was only necessary\n  to read them, in order to seize and appreciate their contents.\"[1]\n\n  [Footnote 1: P. xxx., quoted in Thirlwall's _History of Greece_\n  (Appendix I.), vol. i. p. 506., where it is given in French.]\n\nThese remarks, though applied to another literature, contain the\nessentials of the theory developed by Wolf in regard to Homer. Before\nthe time of Wolf, the popularly accepted opinion on this subject was as\nfollows: That Homer, a poet of ancient date, wrote the _Iliad_ and\n_Odyssea_ in their present form; and that the rhapsodists having\ncorrupted and interpolated the poems, Peisistratos, and Hipparchos, his\nson, corrected, revised, and restored these poems to their original\ncondition.\n\nSuch was the general opinion, when at the end of the seventeenth century\ndoubts began to be thrown upon it, and the question began to be placed\nin a new light. The critics of the time were Casaubon, Perizon, Bentley,\nH\u00e9delin, and Perrault, who, more or less, rejected the established\nopinion. Giambattista Vico made the first attempt to embody their\nspeculations into one methodical work. His _Principi di Scienza nuova_\ncontain the germ of the theory reproduced by Wolf with so much\nscholarship. Wolf, founding his theory on the investigations of Vico and\nWood, extended or modified their views, and assumed that the poems were\nnever written down at all until the time of Peisistratos, their\narranger. In 1778, the famous Venetian Scholia were discovered by\nVilloison, throwing open to the world the investigations of the\nAlexandrian critics; and by showing what the ideas of the Chorizontes\nwere (on whom it were madness to write after Mure), strengthening the\nviews of Wolf. In 1795, then, were published his famous _Prolegomena_,\ncontaining the theory--\n\n  \"That the _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_ were not two complete poems, but\n  small, separate, independent epic songs, celebrating single\n  exploits of the heroes; and that these lays were, _for the first\n  time_, written down and united as the _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_ by\n  Peisistratus, tyrant of Athens.\"[2]\n\n  [Footnote 2: Smith, ii. p. 501.]\n\nThe former critics (H\u00e9delin and Perrault) had been overruled, derided,\nand quashed by the force of public opinion; but Wolf brought so many\narguments to support his views,--collected so formidable a mass of\nauthorities, both traditional, internal, and written, that the classical\nworld was obliged to meet him with fresh arguments, as ridicule would\nnot again succeed. Thus arose the formidable Wolfian controversy, which\n\"scotched,\" though not \"killed,\" the belief of the critical world in\nHomer. The principal arguments he adduces are from the poems themselves,\nin his attempt to establish the non-being of writing at the time of\ntheir composition.\n\nThus, in the _Odyssea_,[3] a master of a vessel has to remember his\ncargo, not having a list of his goods; in the _Iliad_,[4] Bellerophon\ncarries a folded tablet containing writing or signs to Pr\u00e6tos in Lycia.\nThis Wolf interprets to signify conventional marks, like the picture\nwriting of the otherwise civilised Mexicans.[5] Again, in the _Iliad_\n(VII. 175.), the chiefs are represented as throwing lots in a helmet,\nand the herald afterwards handing the lots round for recognition, as\neach of the lots bore a mark known only to the person who made it. From\nthis Wolf argues that writing was unknown at the time, or the herald\nwould have immediately read the names aloud. But do we not even now make\nuse of such marks without confounding them with writing? This is nothing\nat all; and it must be remembered, firstly, that this does not apply to\nthe Homeric time, but to the period of Troy; secondly, that if it had\napplied to that time, it would be absurd to expect from illiterate\nwarrior chiefs, education superior to the medi\u00e6val crusaders, their\ncounterparts at a later period of the world's progress. These are the\nprincipal arguments that Wolf adduces to prove the non-existence of\nwriting at the Homeric period; whereas, far from proving anything, they\nare self-contradictory and incorrect.\n\n  [Footnote 3: Lib. viii. 163.]\n\n  [Footnote 4: Lib. vi. 168.]\n\n  [Footnote 5: See Mure, vol. iii., Appendix L., p. 507. foll.; and\n  Appendix M. vol. iii. p. 512. foll.; and see chap. vii. book III.\n  vol. iii. p. 397. _passim_.]\n\nTo prove that the Peisistratid\u00e6 first wrote down the poems of Homer, he\ncites Josephus (Orat. contr. Apion., I. 2.), who observes that--\n\n  \"No writing, the authenticity of which is acknowledged, is found\n  among the Greeks earlier than the poetry of Homer; and, _it is\n  said_, that even he did not commit his works to writing, but that,\n  having been preserved in the memory of men, the songs were\n  afterwards connected.\"\n\nJosephus had merely heard this reported, as is evident from his use of\nthe words \"it is said.\" Pausanias, in the _Tour in Greece_ (vii. 26.\n6.), has the following observation:--\n\n  \"A village called Donussa, between \u00c6gira and Pellene, belonging to\n  the Sicyonians, was destroyed by that people. Homer, _say they_,\n  remembered this town in his epic, in the enumeration of the people\n  of Agamemnon, 'Hyperesia then, and Donoessa, rocky town' (\u0399\u03bb.\n  \u03b2. 573.); but when Peisistratos collected the torn and widely\n  scattered songs of Homer, either he himself, or one of his\n  friends, altered the name through ignorance.\"\n\nWolf also makes use of this report, liable to the same objections as the\nabove, as one of his proofs. It is even doubtful whether Peisistratos\ndid edit Homer at all; but, under any circumstances, it was not the\nfirst edition;[6] for is not Solon represented as the reviser of the\nHomeric poems?\n\n  [Footnote 6: Granville Penn, _On the primary Arrangement of the\n  Iliad_; and Appendix B to Mure, vol. i.]\n\nCicero (_de Oratore_, III. 34.) says:\n\n  \"Who is _traditionally_ reported to have had more learning at that\n  time, or whose eloquence received greater ornaments from polite\n  literature than that of Peisistratos? who _is said to have been_\n  the first that arranged the books of Homer, from their confused\n  state, into that order in which we at present enjoy them.\"\n\nThis also is produced as a proof by Wolf, though, for the same reason,\nit is doubtful. But see Wolf's principal inaccuracies ably enumerated\nand exposed by Clinton (_F.H._, i. p. 370.).\n\nSuch is the far-famed theory of Wolf, which, as most modern scholars\nagree, is only calculated \"to conduct us to most preposterous\nconclusions.\"[7] And this last dictum of Othello's, Mr. Editor, reminds\nme, that here it would not be preposterous to come to a conclusion for\nthe present, and to close my observations in another paper, where I\nshall a theory \"unfold,\" which, after the most patient consideration and\nreconsideration, I am inclined to think the most approximative to the\ntruth.\n\n  [Footnote 7: _Othello_, Act I. Sc. 3.]\n\n    KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.\n\n  Feb. 16. 1852.\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Fernseed._--I find in Dr. Jackson's works allusions to a superstition\nwhich may interest some of your readers:\n\n  \"It was my hap,\" he writes, \"since I undertook the ministery, to\n  question an ignorant soul (whom by undoubted report I had known to\n  have been seduced by a teacher of unhallowed arts, to make a\n  dangerous experiment) what he saw or heard, when he watcht the\n  falling of the _Fernseed_ at an unseasonable and suspicious hour.\n  Why (quoth he), fearing (as his brief reply occasioned me to\n  conjecture) lest I should press him to tell before company, what\n  he had voluntarily confessed unto a friend in secret some fourteen\n  years before, do you think that the devil hath aught to do with\n  that good seed? No; it is in the keeping of the _king of Fayries_,\n  and _he_, I know, will do me no harm, although I should watch it\n  again; yet had he utterly forgotten this king's name, upon whose\n  kindness he so presumed, until I remembered it unto him out of my\n  reading in _Huon of Burdeaux_.\n\n  \"And having made this answer, he began to pose me thus; S'r, you\n  are a scholar, abut I am none: Tell me what said the angel to our\n  Lady? or what conference had our Lady with her cousin Elizabeth\n  concerning the birth of St. John the Baptist?\n\n  \"As if his intention had been to make bystanders believe that he\n  knew somewhat more on this point than was written in such books as\n  I use to read.\n\n  \"Howbeit the meaning of his riddle I quickly conceived, and he\n  confessed to be this; that the angel did foretell John Baptist\n  should be born at that very instant, in which the _Fernseed_, at\n  other times invisible, did fall: intimating further (as far as I\n  could then perceive) that this saint of God had some extraordinary\n  vertue from the _time_ or _circumstance_ of his birth.\"\n\n  _Jackson's Works_, book v. cap. xix. 8. vol. i. p. 916. Lond.\n  1673, fol.\n\nIn the sixth and seventh sections of the same chapter and book I find\nallusions to a maiden over whom Satan had no power \"so long as she had\nvervine and St. John's grass about her;\" to the danger of \"robbing a\nswallow's nest built in a fire-house;\" and to the virtues of\n\"south-running water.\" Delrius also is referred to as having collected\nmany similar instances.\n\nI have not access to Delrius, nor yet to Huon of Burdeaux, and so am\ncompelled deeply to regret that the good doctor did not leave on record\nthe name of the \"king of the Fayries.\"[8]\n\n  [Footnote 8: [_Oberon_ is his name, which Mr. Keightley shows to\n  be identical with _Elberich_. See _Fairy Mythology_, p. 208. (ed.\n  1850).--ED.]]\n\n    RT.\n\n_Cornish Folk Lore._--A recent old cottage tenant at Poliphant, near\nLaunceston, when asked why he allowed a hole in the wall of his house to\nremain unrepaired, answered that he would not have it stopped up on any\naccount, as he left it on purpose for the _piskies_ (Cornish for\n_pixies_) to come in and out as they had done for many years. This is\nonly a sample of the current belief and action.\n\n    S. R. P.\n\n\nDICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS.\n\nWill you allow me to suggest that, under the above, or some such\nheading, \"N. & Q.\" should receive any words not to be found in any\nwell-known dictionary; such, for instance, as Halliwell's or Webster's,\nwhich do not by any means contain all the words belonging to the class\nof which they profess to be the repositories. You may also invite\nbarristers, reporters, professional men generally, and others, to send\nsuch waifs of this description as they meet with. \"N. & Q.\" will then\nsoon become in this department of literature, as it is already in many\nothers, a rich mine from which future authors will draw precious store\nof knowledge. I will begin by giving one or two examples.\n\n_Earth-burn._ An intermittent land-spring, which may not show itself for\nseveral years. There is such a spring, and so named, near to Epsom.\n\n_Lavant._ A land-spring, according to Halliwell. But this also is an\nintermittent spring. The word is probably from _lava_, to flow.\n\n_Pick._ (Lancashire.) To push with the hand. \"I gen her a pick;\" that\nis, \"I pushed her from me;\" or, \"I gave her a violent push forward.\"\n\n_Pick_ is also the instrument colliers get coals with; or an excavator\ngets earth with; or a stonemason uses to take the \"rough\" off a stone.\nHe may also finish the face of ashlar by \"fine-picking\" it.\n\n_Gen._ (Lancashire.) A contraction of the word _gave_.\n\n    ROBERT RAWLINSON.\n\n  P.S.--I have seen, in a court of justice in Lancashire, judge and\n  counsel fairly set fast with a broad spoken county person; and\n  many of the words in common use are not to be found in any\n  dictionary or glossary. Again, I have spoken to reporters as to\n  technical words used at such meetings, for instance, as those of\n  the mechanical engineers in Birmingham, and I have been informed\n  that they are frequently bewildered and surprised at the numbers\n  of words in use having the same meaning, but which are not to be\n  found in any dictionary. It would be of the utmost value to seize\n  and fix these words.\n\n    R. R.\n\n  [The proposal of our correspondent jumps so completely with the\n  object of \"N. & Q.,\" as announced in our original Prospectus, that\n  we not only insert it, but hope that his invitation will be\n  responded to by all who meet with archaisms either in their\n  reading or in their intercourse with natives of those various\n  districts of England which are richest in provincialisms.--ED.]\n\n\nTHE LAST OF THE PAL\u00c6OLOGI.\n\nIn Chambers' _Edinburgh Journal_, vol. xvii. p. 24., there is a very\ninteresting article, bearing the above heading, in which it is shown\nthat Theodore Pal\u00e6ologus, the fourth in direct descent from Thomas, the\nyounger brother of Constantine, the last Christian Emperor of Greece,\nlies buried in the church of Landulph in Cornwall. This Theodore married\nMary, the daughter of William Balls, of Hadley in Suffolk, gentleman; by\nwhom he had issue five children, Theodore, John, Ferdinando, Maria, and\nDorothy. Theodore, the first son, died in or about 1693, without issue.\nOf John and Ferdinando there is no trace in this country. Maria died\nunmarried; and Dorothy was married at Landulph to William Arundell in\n1636, and died in 1681.\n\nFerdinando Pal\u00e6ologus appears to have died in the island of Barbadoes in\n1678, and was buried in the church of St. John.\n\nThese researches are extremely interesting, and it is only to be\nregretted that they are not more frequently made and left on record.\nAllow me to suggest that such of your readers as have time, inclination,\nand opportunity for making inquiries of this nature, should, through the\nmedium of \"N. & Q.,\" place on record any striking illustrations similar\nto the above. Your own publication, Vol. iii., p. 350., contains a list\nof names of the poor of St. Albans, several of which are borne still by\nnoble families. Possibly there may be still existing descendants of the\nDorothy Pal\u00e6ologus who married William Arundell at Landulph.\n\nTo mention another instance: I believe there now lives at Rugby a member\nof the legal profession, who is directly descended from one of the most\nrenowned Polish families. Particulars of this case, if furnished by or\nwith the consent of the head of the family, would, I have no doubt,\nprove exceedingly interesting.\n\n    L. L. L.\n\n\nTHE LAST LAY OF PETRARCH'S CAT.\n\nIn the year 1820 I saw the following Latin verse inscribed under the\nskeleton of a cat in one of the rooms of Petrarch's favourite villa at\nArqua, near Padua. If you choose to print them, with or without the\naccompanying English version, they are at your service:--\n\n      Etruscus gemino vates ardebat amore:\n        Maximus ignis ego; Laura secundus erat.\n      Quid rides? divin\u00e6 illam si gratia form\u00e6,\n        Me dignam eximio fecit amante fides.\n      Si numeros geniumque sacris dedit illa libellis\n        Causa ego ne s\u00e6vis muribus esca forent.\n      Arcebam sacro vivens \u00e0 limine mures,\n        Ne domini exitio scripta diserta forent;\n      Incutio trepidis eadem defuncta pavorem,\n        Et viget exanimi in corpore prisca fides.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n      The Tuscan bard of deathless fame\n      Nursed in his breast a double flame,\n        Unequally divided;\n      And when I say I had his heart,\n      While Laura play'd the second part,\n        I must not be derided.\n\n      For my fidelity was such,\n      It merited regard as much\n        As Laura's grace and beauty;\n      She first inspired the poet's lay,\n      But since I drove the mice away,\n        His love repaid my duty.\n\n      Through all my exemplary life,\n      So well did I in constant strife\n        Employ my claws and curses,\n      That even now, though I am dead,\n      Those nibbling wretches dare not tread\n        On one of Petrarch's verses.\n\n    J. O. B.\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Sobriquet._--As this word is now pretty generally adopted in our\nlanguage, I send you this Note to say that the word is not _sou_briquet,\nas some of your correspondents write it, but _so_briquet; the former\nbeing what the French term a _locution vicieuse_, and only used by the\nilliterate. M\u00e9nage derives the word from _rubridiculum_.\n\n    PHILIP S. KING.\n\n_Origin of Paper._--Whether a product is indigenous or foreign may\ngenerally be determined by the rule in linguistics, that similarity of\nname in different languages denotes _foreign_ extraction, and variety of\nname _indigenous_ production. The dog, whose name is different in most\nlanguages, shows that he is indigenous to most countries. The cat, on\nthe contrary, having almost the same name in many languages, is\ntherefore of foreign extraction in nearly all countries. The word\n_paper_ is common to many tongues, the moderns having adopted it from\nthe Greek; in which language, however, the root of the word is not\nsignificant. In Coptic (ai GUPTIC) the word _bavir_ means a plant\nsuitable for weaving: and is derived from the Egyptian roots _ba_, fit,\nproper; and _vir_, to weave. The art of paper-making may therefore be\ninferred to be the invention of the Egyptians; and further, that paper\nwas made by them as by us, from materials previously woven. This\ninference would be either confirmatory or corrective of history, in case\nthe history were doubtful, which it is not.\n\n    T. J. B.\n\n  Lichfield.\n\n_Persistency of Proper Names._--The village of Boscastle, originally\nfounded by the Norman Botreaux, still contains, amongst other French\nnames, the following:--Moise, Amy, Benoke, Gard, Avery (_Query_,\nYvery),--all old family names; and places still called Palais, Jardin,\nand a brook called Valency.\n\n    S. R. P.\n\n  Launceston.\n\n_Cheap Maps._--This is the age of cheap maps and atlases, yet the public\nis miserably supplied. We have maps advertised from 1_d._ to 5_s._, and\natlases from 10_s._ 6_d._ to 10 guineas. Yet they are generally\nimpressions from old plates, or copies of old plates, with a few places\nof later notoriety marked, without taking the entire chart from the\nlatest books of voyages and travels. Look at the maps of Affghanistan,\nScinde, Indian Isles, American Isthmus, &c.\n\nOn inquiry at all our shops here for a moderately priced map of the new\nrailway across South America to _Panama_, and for maps of _California_\nand _Borneo_, not one could be got.\n\nHave any of your chart-wrights in London got up such maps for youth and\nemigrants? If not, let them take the hint now given by\n\n    PATERFAMILI\u00c6.\n\n  Edinburgh.\n\n\n\n\nQueries.\n\n\nDID ST. PAUL QUOTE ARISTOTLE?\n\nThroughout the writings of St. Paul, his exactly cultivated mind is\nscarcely less visible than his divinely inspired soul. Notwithstanding\nhis magnificent rebukes of human learning and philosophy, and his\nsublime exaltation of the foolishness of God above the wisdom of men,\nthe Apostle of the Gentiles was no mean master of Gentile learning. His\nthree well-known quotations from Greek poets furnish direct evidence of\nhis acquaintance with Greek literature. He proclaimed the fatherhood of\nGod to the Athenians in the words of his countryman the poet Aratus\n(Acts, xvii. 28.). He warns the Corinthians by a moral common-place\nborrowed from the dramatist Menander (1 Cor. xv. 33.). He brings an\nhexameter verse of a Cretan poet as a testimony to the bad character of\nthe Cretan people (Titus, i. 12.). I do not positively assert that I\nhave discovered a fourth quotation; I would merely inquire whether the\nappearance in a Pauline epistle of a sentence which occurs in a treatise\nof Aristotle, is to be regarded as a quotation, or as an accidental and\nmost singular identity of expression. In the _Politics_ (lib. III. cap.\n8.), Aristotle, in speaking of very powerful members of a community,\nsays, \"\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03ba \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\" (\"but against such\nthere is no law\"). In the Epistle to the Galatians (v. 23.), Paul, after\nenumerating the fruits of the Spirit, adds, \"against such there is no\nlaw\" (\"\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03ba \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\"). The very same words\nwhich the philosopher uses to express the exceptional character of\ncertain over-powerful citizens, the apostle borrows, or, at least,\nemploys, to signify the transcendent nature of divine graces. According\nto Aristotle, mighty individuals are above legal restraint, against such\nthe general laws of a state do not avail: according to Paul, the fruits\nof the Spirit are too glorious and divine for legal restraint; they\ndwell in a region far above the regulation of the moral law.\n\nWhile there is no possibility of demonstrating that this identity of\nexpression is a quotation, there is nothing to forbid the idea of this\nsentence being a loan from the philosopher to the apostle. Paul was as\nlikely to be at home in the great philosophers, as in the second and\nthird-rate poets of Greece. The circumstance of Aratus being of his own\nbirth-place, Tarsus, might specially commend the _Ph\u00e6nomena_ to his\nperusal; but the great luminary of Grecian science was much more likely\nto fall within his perusal than an obscure versifier of Crete; and if he\nthought it not unseemly to quote frown a comic writer, he surely would\nnot disdain to borrow a sentence from the mighty master of Stagira. The\nvery different employment which he and Aristotle find for the same words\nmakes nothing against the probability of quotation. The sentence is\nremarkable, not in form, but in meaning. There is nothing in the mere\nexpression peculiarly to commend it to the memory, or give it proverbial\ncurrency. I cannot say that it is a quotation; I cannot say that it is\nnot.\n\nI am not aware that this quotation or identity of expression has been\npointed out before. Wetstein, who above all editors of the Greek\nTestament abounds in illustrations and _parallel_ passages from the\nclassics, takes no notice of this _identical_ one. It is surely worth\nthe noting; and should anything occur to any of your correspondents\neither to confirm or demolish the idea of quotation, I would gladly be\ndelivered out of my doubt. I should not think less reverently of St.\nPaul in believing him indebted to Aristotle; I should rather rejoice in\nbeing assured that one of the greatest spiritual benefactors of mankind\nwas acquainted with one of its chief intellectual benefactors.\n\n    THOMAS H. GILL.\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Silver Royal Font._--I remember having read of a very ancient silver\nfont, long preserved among the treasures of the British crown, in which\nthe infants of our royal families were commonly baptized. Is this relic\nstill in existence? where may it be seen? what is its history? have any\ncuts or engravings of it been published? where may any particulars\nrespecting it be found?\n\n    NOCAB.\n\n_L'Homme de 1400 Ans._--In that very extraordinary part of a very\nextraordinary transaction, the statement of Cagliostro, in the matter of\nthe _Collier_ (Paris, 1786, pp. 20. 36.), mention is twice made of an\nimaginary personage called _l'homme de 1400 ans_. Cagliostro complains\nthat he was said to be that personage, or the Wandering Jew, or\nAntichrist. He is not, therefore, the same as the Wandering Jew. I\nshould be very curious to learn where this notion is derived from.\n\n    C. B.\n\n_Llandudno, on the Great Orme's Head._--Having occasion to visit the\nabove interesting place last summer, among other objects of curiosity, I\nwas induced to visit a \"cavern,\" which the inhabitants said had been\nlately discovered, and which they said had been used by the \"Romans\"\n(Roman Catholics) as a place of worship. A party of five hired a boat\nfor the purpose of visiting the place, which is about two miles from the\nlittle bay of Llandudno; for it is quite inaccessible by land. We\narrived in about an hour; and were quite surprised at the appearance of\nthe \"cavern,\" which seems to have been made as private as possible, and\nas inaccessible, by large stones being piled _carelessly_ upon each\nother, so as to hide the entrance, and which we could not have found\nwithout the assistance of the sailors. The \"cavern\" is about ten feet\nhigh, lined with smooth and well-jointed stone work, with a plain but\nnicely executed cornice at the height of seven or eight feet. The shape\nis heptagonal, and the fronts on each side are faced with smooth stone;\nthe space from front to back, and from side to side, is equal, about six\nfeet six inches. On the right, close to the entrance, is a font, sixteen\ninches across inside, twenty-two outside, and eight or nine inches deep.\nThere is a seat round, except at the entrance; and there has been a\nstone table or altar in the centre, but a small portion of it and the\npillar only remain. The floor has been flagged, but it is in a very\ndilapidated state. That it was used for worship, there is little doubt;\nbut how and when it was fitted up, seems marvellous. It is not mentioned\nby Pennant, or any Welsh tourist.\n\nWill any of your correspondents oblige me and the public with the\nhistory of this \"cavern,\" as it is called, at Llandudno?\n\n    L. G. T.\n\n_Johnson's House, Bolt Court._--Can any of your readers inform me\nwhether the house in which Dr. Johnson resided, and in which he died,\nsituate in Bolt Court, Fleet Street, is yet in existence? You are\nprobably aware that an engraving of it appeared in the _Graphic\nIllustrations_ edited by Mr. Croker, and prefixed to this engraving was\nan announcement that it was destroyed by fire.\n\nThere is reason, however, to believe that this is a mistake, and that\nthe house so destroyed by fire belonged not to Johnson, but to Johnson's\nfriend, Allen the printer.\n\nYou are probably aware that the house which stands opposite the\nJohnson's Head Tavern, is shown as the residence of the great moralist;\nand on comparing another engraving by Smith of the Doctor's study with\nthe room now claimed to have been occupied by Johnson, the likeness is\nexact. Cobbett, too, who afterwards lived here, boasted in one of his\npublications that he was writing in the same room where Johnson compiled\nhis _Dictionary_. At any rate it is an interesting question, and\nprobably can be set at rest by some of your literary friends, especially\nas I have reason to believe that there is one gentleman still living who\nvisited the Doctor in Bolt Court. Madame D'Arblay, I think, once said,\nthat the author of the _Pleasures of Memory_ arrived at the door at the\nsame moment with herself during Johnson's last illness.\n\n    EDWIN LECHLADE.\n\n_Bishop Mossom._--Robert Mossom, D.D., was prebendary of Knaresboro' in\nYorkshire, 1662, and Bishop of Derry, 1666. In dedicating his _Zion's\nProspect_ (1651) to Henry (Pierrepont) Marquess of Dorchester and Earl\nof Kingston, towards the end he says, \"Besides this, mine relation to\nyour late deceased uncle;\" then referring to the margin he has \"Ds. T.\nG., _Eques felicis memori\u00e6_.\"\n\n_Zion's Prospect_ (a copy of which, with several of his other works, is\nin the library of the British Museum) has on the title-page, \"By R. M.,\nquondam \u00e8 coll'o S. P. C.\"\n\nHis grandson, Robert Mossom, D.D. (son of Robert Mossom, LL.D., Master\nin the French Court of Chancery), was Senior Fellow of Trinity College,\nDublin, and subsequently Dean of Ossory from 1701 to 1747; he married\nRebecca, daughter and coheir of Robert Mason of Dublin, and\ngranddaughter, _I believe_, of Jonathan Alaud of Waterford. Dean Mossom\nwas one of the oldest friends of Dean Swift; Sir Walter Scott has but\none letter to him in _Swift's Correspondence_ (2nd ed. Edin. 1824, vol.\nXIX. p. 275.). Are there any other letters that passed between them in\nexistence?\n\nCan any of your readers refer me to a pedigree of the _Masons_ of\nDublin, and also any pedigree that connects the Mossom with the _Elaud_\nfamily of Yorkshire?\n\nWhat college was that of S. P. C.? and who was Sir T. G----, Knt.; and\nhow was he related to Bishop Mossom?\n\n    T. C. M. M.\n\n  Inner Temple.\n\n_Orlando Gibbons._--Hawkins, in his _History of Music_, gives \"a head\"\nof this musician. Is there any other engraved portrait?\n\n    EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Portraits._--What is the most correct catalogue of all the engraved\n_portraits_ which are known to exist?\n\n    S. S.\n\n_Barnard's Church Music._--Can any of your readers point out where John\nBarnard's first book of selected church music, folio, ten parts, 1641,\nis to be found? The writer knows of the imperfect set at Hereford\nCathedral, a tenor part at Canterbury, and a bass part in private hands.\nDr. Burney makes mention, in his _History of Music_, of having sought\ndiligently throughout the kingdom, but could not find an entire copy.\nPerhaps some of your correspondents may kindly favour the writer with a\nlist of its contents.\n\n    AMANUENSIS.\n\n_The Nelson Family._--In Burke's _Commoners_, under the head of \"Nelson\nof Chuddleworth,\" it appears that _William Nelson_ of Chuddleworth, born\nin 1611, had by his second wife, the daughter of John Pococke,\ngentleman, of Woolley, among other children, a son named _William_; but\nof whom no further mention is made.\n\nCan any of your Norfolk or Berkshire friends state whether this son\n_William_ ever settled at Dunham Parva, in Norfolk?--as, by so doing, an\nobligation will be conferred on your occasional correspondent\n\n    FRANCISCUS.\n\n_Letters to the Clergy._--In the _Diary of Walter Yonge_ (published by\nthe Camden Society), p. 24., is the following:\n\n  \"16 Dec. 1614. This day the Ministers of this Diocese (Exon) were\n  called before the Bishop of Exon, who read letters from the\n  Archbishop, the effects of which were, that every minister should\n  exhort his parishioners to continue together the Sabbath Day, and\n  not to wander to other preachers who have better gifts than their\n  own pastors, but should content themselves with the Word of God\n  read and Homilies. 2. That all should kneel at the receiving of\n  the Sacrament. 3. To declare unto their parishioners that it is\n  not necessary to have the Word preached at the Sacraments.--Dictu\n  Magistri Knowles, Vicarii de Axminster, at that time present.\"\n\nQuery, Can any of your readers say to what letter, and on what occasion\nsuch orders were issued by the archbishop, and also whether they have\nbeen published in any volume on ecclesiastical matters?\n\n    H. T. E.\n\n_Margaret Burr._--It is related in Allan Cunningham's _Life of\nGainsborough_, that he married a young lady named Margaret Burr, of\nScottish extraction; and that\n\n  \"On an occasion of household festivity, when her husband was high\n  in fame, she vindicated some little ostentation in her dress by\n  whispering to her niece, now Mrs. Lane, 'I have some right to\n  this, for you know, my love, I am a prince's daughter.'\"\n\nThe biographer of the _British Painters_ prefaces this by saying,\n\n  \"Nor must I omit to tell that rumour conferred other attractions\n  (besides an annuity) upon her; she was said to be the natural\n  daughter of one of our exiled princes, nor was she, when a wife\n  and a mother, desirous of having this circumstance forgotten.\"\n\nAs I just now read in Vol. iv., p. 244., some account of Berwick, and\nother natural children of James II., I was put in mind of the above\nanecdote, and should be glad of any information respecting the Miss\nBurr's parentage in question. Myself a collateral descendant of her\nhusband, I know from other sources that the tradition is worthy of\ncredit; and to the genealogist and antiquary it may be a historically\ninteresting enquiry.\n\n    H. W. G. R.\n\n_Northern Ballads._--Is any gentleman in possession of any _old printed_\ncopies of Danish or Swedish popular ballads, or of any _manuscript\ncollection_ of similar remains? Are any such known to exist in any\npublic library in Great Britain? By printed, of course I mean old\nfly-sheets, from the sixteenth century downward; they are generally of\nfour, sometimes of eight, leaves small octavo. Any information, either\npersonally, or through \"N. & Q.,\" will much oblige\n\n    GEORGE STEPHENS.\n\n  Copenhagen.\n\n_\"Blamed be the man,\" &c._--Where is the following couplet to be found?\n\n      \"Blamed be the man that first invented ink,\n      And made it easier for to write than think.\"\n\n    N. O. K.\n\n\"_Quid est Episcopus._\"--Can any correspondent furnish me with the\nreference to a passage supposed to exist in one of the early fathers (I\nthink Iren\u00e6us):--\n\n      \"Quid est episcopus, nisi primus presbyter?\"\n\n    X. G. X.\n\n_Henry Isaac._--I shall feel obliged to any person who can give any\naccount (for genealogical purposes) of Henry Isaac, who lived at\nRoehampton about the middle of last century. He was a diamond merchant\nfrom Holland. He had a collection of pictures, one of which was the Lord\nof the Vineyard paying his Labourers, by Rembrandt.\n\n    H. T. E.\n\n_German Poet quoted by Camden._--_Britannia, sive regnorum Angli\u00e6,\nScoti\u00e6, et Hiberni\u00e6 chorographica descriptio_: Gulielmo Camdeno: Lond.\n1607, folio, p. 302., Middlesex.\n\n  \"Nec magno hinc intervallo _Tamisim_ duplici ostiolo Colus\n  postquam insulas sparserit, illabitur. _Ad quem_ ut nostr\u00e6 \u00e6tatis\n  Poeta Germanus lusit:\n\n      \"'Tot campos, sylvas, tot regia tecta, tot hortos\n      Artifici dextr\u00e2 excultos, tot vidimus arces,\n      Aut nunc Ausonio, Tamisis cum Tybride certet.'\"\n\nCamden, speaking of the Colne falling with a double mouth into the\nThames, quotes a German poet of his day; and I should be much obliged by\nany reader of the \"N. & Q.\" favouring me with the name, and reference to\nthe author from whence the preceding quotation is taken.\n\n    --> F.\n\n_American Degrees._--Several members of the Brougham Institute here, and\nconstant readers of \"N. & Q.,\" would feel obliged if some of your\nlearned correspondents would give them some information about the\nobtaining of American degrees, as recently a large cargo of diplomas had\narrived in this quarter, such as D.D. and LL.D., and conferred on men of\nthird-rate talent. What we want is, to be informed how such degrees are\nobtained; if it is the president, or president and professors, of the\nAmerican academies who confer them. This subject is so frequently\nagitated here, that you would greatly oblige many inquirers by making a\nquestion of it in \"N. & Q.,\" so that we may obtain full reply\nexplanatory of how these degrees are obtained, and of the bestowers of\nthem.\n\n    J. W.\n\n  Liverpool.\n\n_Derivation of News._--It is just two years since the word _News_ was\nstated to be derived from the initial letters of the cardinal points of\nthe compass, as prefixed to early newspapers. I well remember the\nimpression which the statement made on me: if written seriously, as a\nmark of credulity; if sportively, as rather out of place. Moreover, it\nwas both stated as a _fact_, and as an _ingenious etymology_--a manifest\ninconsistency.\n\nIn the fierce and tiresome discussion which arose out of that\nannouncement, the main points in support of the asserted derivation were\nnever once introduced. Do such early newspapers exist? Is the derivation\nitself of early date? As to the first question, I must declare that no\nsuch newspapers ever came under _my_ observation; but as to the second,\nit must be admitted that the derivation has been in print, with all the\nweight of evidence which belongs to it, above two centuries.\n\nI shall assume, if not better informed, that it has no other authority\nthan the subjoined epigram in _Wits recreations_, first published in\n1640, and said to contain the _finest fancies_ of the muses of those\ntimes. In default of the original edition of that rare work, I\ntranscribe from the re-publication of it in 1817.\n\n      \"_News._\n\n      \"When news doth come, if any would discusse\n      The letter of the word, resolve it thus:\n      News is convey'd by letter, word, or mouth,\n      And comes to us from _North_, _East_, _West_, and _South_.\"\n\n    BOLTON CORNEY.\n\n_Passage in Troilus and Cressida._--Would MR. J. PAYNE COLLIER, whose\nname I have often seen among your contributors, have the kindness to\ninform me whether any light is thrown, in the emendations inserted in\nhis folio edition of _Shakspeare_, 1628, on a line which has always\npuzzled me in Ulysses' speech in council, in Scene 3. of Act I. of\n_Troilus and Cressida_? The passage runs thus:\n\n                \"How could communities,\n      Degrees in schools, and brotherhood in cities,\n      _Peaceful comm\u00e9rce from dividable shores_,\n      The primogenitive and due of birth,\n      Prerogative of age, crowns, sceptres, laurels,\n      But by degree, stand in authentic place?\"\n\nIt will be seen that the third line, according to the usual\npronunciation of the last word, is defective in scanning; that, if\nderived from _divido_, the vowel in the penultimate syllable would be\n_i_ and not _a_; and that, even if intended to express the word\n_divided_, as suggested by one of our commentators, would be too vague\nand inexpressive.\n\nMight I suggest that the derivation is not from the word _divido_, but\nrather from a compound of the words _diviti\u00e6_ and _do_; the expression\n\"riches-giving shores\" not only completing the sense of the passage, but\nforming a compound not uncommon with our immortal bard.\n\n    W. S. D.\n\n_Bachelor's Buttons._--That should be their name if they exist; but, if\nso, where are they to be got? I never heard of them. I should think a\nclever fellow might make a fortune by inventing some kind of substitute\nwhich a man without the time, skill, or materials necessary for sewing\non a button, might put in the place of a deserter. If you do not insert\nthis Query, may your brace buttons fly off next time you are dressing in\na hurry to dine with the grandest people you know!\n\n    YOUR WELLWISHER.\n\n_Princes of Wales and Earls of Chester, eldest Sons of the Kings of\nEngland._--In the _New Memoirs of Literature_, vol. iv., July, 1726, it\nwas announced that Mr. Bush, one of the Clerks of the Record Office in\nthe Tower, and late Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, designed to\nprint a Collection of Charters, Letters Patent, and other instruments\nconcerning the creation and investiture of the eldest sons of the Kings\nof England as Princes of Wales, Dukes of Cornwall, Earls of Chester and\nFlint, &c. &c., from the time of Edward, the first Prince of Wales\n(afterwards King Edward II.), to the time of Edward IV.\n\nCan any of your correspondents inform me whether such a work ever was\npublished? and who was the editor of the monthly review entitled _New\nMemoirs of Literature_, which extended to six volumes 8vo.? It contains\nnotices of many old and now rare works, and stopped in December, 1727.\n\n    G.\n\n_Authenticated Instances of Longevity._--Your correspondent A. B. R.\n(ant\u00e8, p. 145.) and others argue _their_ question of the old Countess of\nDesmond very ably;--will any one of them be pleased to argue _my_\nquestion? Is there one word of truth in the story, or any other story\nthat rests, as a preliminary condition, on the assumption that people\nhave lived to one hundred and fifty years of age? Of course the proof is\nto rest on dates and facts, parish registers--on _clear legal evidence_.\nIt is admitted by actuaries and others, learned in such matters, that\nthe average duration of life is greater now than it was; so, we might\nfairly assume, would be the exceptional life. Can these gentlemen refer\nus to a single instance of an insured person who lived to one hundred\nand fifty? to one hundred and forty, thirty, twenty, ten? aye, to one\nhundred and ten? There is a nonsensical inscription to this effect on\nthe portrait of a man of the name of Gibson, hung up in Greenwich\nHospital, but its untruth has been proved. I also remember another case\nmade out to the entire satisfaction of some benevolent ladies, by, as\nafterwards appeared, the baptismal register of John the father being\nmade to do duty as the register of John the son. I mention these things\nas a warning; I protest, too, at starting against flooding \"N. & Q.\"\nwith evidence brought from Russia or America, or any of the back\nsettlements of the world, and against all evidence of people with\nimpossible memories. What I want is _good legal evidence_; the greatest\nage of the oldest members of the Equitable, Amicable, and other\nInsurance offices--lives certainly beyond the average; the greatest age\nof a member of the House of Peers coming within the eye of proof. When\nthese preliminary questions, and reasonable inferences, shall have been\ndetermined, it will, I think, be quite time enough to raise questions\nabout the old Countess, old Parr, old Jenkins, and other like\nante-register longevities.\n\n    O. C. D.\n\n\nMinor Queries Answered.\n\n_Laud's Letters and Papers._--Can any of your correspondents inform one\nwhere any unpublished letters or papers of Archbishop Laud are to be met\nwith, besides those at Lambeth or in the British Museum?\n\nAnthony \u00e0 Wood mentions his speech against Nathanael Fiennes; and\nWanley, in his _Catalogue of English and Irish MSS._, states that many\nof his writings, both political and theological, were extant at that\ntime in private libraries.\n\n    B. J.\n\n  [Archbishop Laud's _Works_ are now in the course of publication in\n  the Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology, and from the editor's\n  valuable bibliographical prefaces to vols. i. and ii., we think it\n  probable that some notices of these MSS. will be given in the\n  subsequent volumes. Our correspondent may also consult _Catalogi\n  Librorum Manuscriptorum Angli\u00e6 et Hiberni\u00e6_, Oxon. 1697.]\n\n_Scot's Philomythie._--_Philomythie, or Philomythologie, wherein\nOutlandish Birds, Beasts, and Fishes are taught to speak true English\nplainlie, &c._\n\nThe same volume, a small quarto unpaged, contains \"The Merrie American\nPhilosopher, or Wise Man of the New World,\" and \"Certaine Pieces of this\nAge Parabolized, viz. Duellum Britannicum; Regalis Justitia Jacobi;\nAquignispicium; Antidotum Cecillianum; by Thomas Scot, Gentleman, 1616,\nwith illustrative woodcuts.\"\n\nQuery: Is the book rare, and who was Thomas Scot?\n\n    L. S.\n\n  [But little appears to be known of the personal history of Thomas\n  Scot. Sir S. Egerton Brydges, in his _Censura Literaria_, vol.\n  iii. pp. 381-386., and vol. iv. p. 32., has given some account of\n  his works, but no biographical notice of the author. The\n  dedications to his poems being principally to the Norfolk and\n  Suffolk gentry, it is probable he belonged to one of those\n  counties. The first edition of _Philomythie_ was published in\n  1610; the second in 1616; but some copies of the second edition,\n  according to Lowndes, are dated 1622, others 1640. There is a\n  third portion which our correspondent does not appear to possess,\n  entitled _The Second Part of Philomythie, or Philomythologie_,\n  containing Certaine Tales of true libertie, false friendship,\n  power united, faction and ambition. By Thomas Scot, Gent. London,\n  1616, 1625. Thomas Park thought that, from the great disparity of\n  merit between this and the preceding part, there is little reason\n  to suppose them to be by the same author, though they bear the\n  same name. Scot's works are considered rare, especially his first,\n  entitled _Four Paradoxes of Arte, of Lawe, of Warre, of Seruice_:\n  London, 1602, consisting of twenty-four leaves, in verse,\n  dedicated to Ladie Helena, Marquesse of Northampton, which is\n  marked in _Bibl. Anglo. Poet._ at 25_l._, and resold for 7_l._\n  12_s._ (Hibbert, 7243.)]\n\n_Robin of Doncaster._--Give me leave to ask for an explanation of the\nfollowing enigmatical epitaph, which will be found in the _History of\nDoncaster_, by Dr. Edward Miller, p. 74.:\n\n              \"Howe, Howe, who is heare?\n      I Robin of Doncaster and Margaret my feare.\n              That I spent, that I had,\n              That I gave, that I have,\n              That I left, that I lost. A.D. 1579.\n      Quoth Robertus Byrkes, who in this world did reign\n      Three score years and seven, and yet liv'd not one.\"\n\nDr. Johnson latinized a part of it thus:\n\n      \"Habeo, dedi quod alteri;\n      Habuique, quod dedi mihi;\n      Sed quod reliqui, perdidi.\"\n\n      See _Works of English Poets_, vol. lxxii.\n      Lond. 1790, small 8vo. Poemata,\n      p. 99.\n\nIn _Magna Britannia et Hibernia, antiqua et nova_, vol. vi. p. 429., it\nis stated that Robin of Doncaster gave Rossington Wood to that\ncorporation. Perhaps some reader may be able to supply more of his\nbiography.\n\n    --> F.\n\n  [A similar epitaph to the above will be found on the tomb of\n  William Lambe, in the church of St. Faith under Paul: see Strype's\n  Stow, book iii. p. 146. Dr. Miller does not appear to have given\n  any biographical notices of Robert Byrkes, except that he was\n  Mayor of Doncaster during the years 1569, 1573, and 1577. The\n  following explanation of this inscription is given by Bland in his\n  _Proverbs_, vol. i. p. 23.:--\"By prudence in the distribution of\n  his benevolence, by giving only to good and deserving persons, he\n  procured to himself friends, on whose advice and assistance he\n  might depend whenever occasion should desire it; and by expending\n  only what he could conveniently spare, and laying it out on such\n  things as administered to his comfort, he enjoyed, and therefore\n  had what he expended; but what he left, not being enjoyed by\n  himself, nor going perhaps to persons of his choice, or being used\n  in the manner he would have preferred, that portion might be truly\n  said to be lost.\"]\n\n_Hor\u00e6 Belgic\u00e6._--In what language is the second part of Hoffman von\nFallersleben's _Hor\u00e6 Belgic\u00e6_ written? This, from its title being\nwritten in Latin, may seem a foolish question, but it is also called (N.\n& Q., Vol. v., p. 7.) _Holl\u00e4ndische Volkslieder_: and where can it be\nprocured or seen?\n\n    W. S. S.\n\n  [Hoffman's work consists of six parts, of which the first--a\n  bibliographical essay on old Flemish literature--is written in\n  Latin. The second, to which our correspondent refers, is in\n  German. Part III. contains the Flemish _Floris ende Blancefloer_,\n  with a German Introduction; Part IV., the old Flemish _Caerl ende\n  Elegast_, has a Latin preface; while Part V., containing\n  _Lantsloof ende die scone Sandrijn and Renout van Montalbaen_, and\n  Part VI., _Altniederl\u00e4ndische Schaub\u00fchne_, a collection of early\n  Flemish dramatic pieces, have German introductions. We believe the\n  work may be procured of Williams and Norgate. If not, or our\n  correspondent only wishes to refer to it, we shall be very happy\n  to place our copy at his service for a few weeks.]\n\n_Dulcarnon._--\"I am at Dulcarnon.\" What is the origin of the above\nsaying? I heard it used the other day by a person who, declaring he was\nat his wit's end, exclaimed, \"Yes, indeed I am at Dulcarnon.\" Since that\nI have seen it in Boyer's _French Dictionary_, but in no English book.\n\n    H. CORVILLE WARDE.\n\n  Kidderminster.\n\n  [In addition to the note in our first Vol. p. 254, we may remark\n  that Mr. Halliwell, in his _Dictionary_, says this word has set\n  all editors of Chaucer at defiance. A clue to its meaning may be\n  found in Stanihurst's _Description of Ireland_, p. 28.: \"These\n  sealie soules were (as all _dulcarnanes_ for the most part are)\n  more to be terrified from infidelitie through the paines of hell,\n  than allured to Christianitie by the joies of heaven.\"]\n\n\n\n\nReplies.\n\n\nNUMBER OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 11.)\n\nYour correspondent \u00c6GROTUS sees a difficulty in the rapid increase of\nthe Israelites in Egypt, and proposes to lessen it by doubling the time\nof their stay there, and including women in their census. His\ncriticisms, however, seem to be as inadmissible as his difficulty is\nunreal.\n\nFor, first, in the place he quotes (Ex. xii. 37.), the number is said to\nbe \"nearly 600,000 _that were_ men,\" where the Italics are intended to\nthrow emphasis on _men_; because the Heb. \u05dd\u05d9\u05b4\u05e8\u05d1\u05b8\u05d2\u05b0\u05bc means men\n_as opposed_ to women, _strong_ men, even soldiers. Also, from Numb. i.\n2. 46. we see that the number 603,550 included only \"every male ... from\n20 years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war,\" thus\nexcluding the tribe of Levi (v. 47.). Josephus, indeed, says (_Antiq._\nIII. viii. 2. and xii. 4.) that it included only the men between 20 and\n50 years of age.\n\nThen, as to the time that they were in Egypt: it is evident from Gal.\niii. 17. that, going back 430 years from the Exode, we must come into\nthe time of Abraham: so that the 430 years in Ex. xii. 40. must begin\nwhen Abraham first went into Egypt. And this is confirmed by the reading\nof the LXX there: \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1ff4\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03b3\u1fc7 \u0391\u1f30\u03b3\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03b3\u1fc7 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u1f70\u03bd, \u1f14\u03c4\u03b7\n\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. That they remained only 215 years in Egypt, is\nnot merely the opinion of Professor Lee, as \u00c6GROTUS seems to think: it\nis given by Josephus (_Antiq._ II. xv. 2.), was received by the Jews and\nearly Christians generally, and is now (at least almost) universally\nadopted.\n\nNow, to come to the supposed difficulty itself: none such really exists,\neven if we take the higher number and the shorter time, as I think\nindeed we ought. The men being taken at about 600,000, we must reckon\nthe whole people, at least, at 2,000,000. A calculation of no difficulty\nshows that if 70 persons increase in 215 years to 2,000,000, the number\nof the people must double itself every 14-\u00bd years: or, if they\nincrease to 3,000,000, the number must double every 14 years. Now,\ncompare this with what we know about some other nations. Humboldt, in\nhis _Essai Politique sur le Royaume de la Nouvelle-Espagne_ (tom. i. p.\n339.) says:\n\n  \"The information which I have collected proves that, if the order\n  of nature were not interrupted from time to time by some\n  extraordinary and disturbing cause\" [_e.g._ famine, pestilence],\n  \"the population of New Spain ought to double itself every\n  _nineteen_ years. [...] In the United States, since 1774, we have\n  seen the population double itself in 22 years. The curious tables\n  which M. Samuel Blodget has published in his _Statistical Manual\n  of the United States of America_ (1806, p. 73.), show that, for\n  certain States, this cycle is only _thirteen_ or _fourteen_\n  years.\"\n\nAgain, Malthus, in his _Essay on the Principles of Population_, p. 6.,\nsays:\n\n  \"According to a table of Euler, calculated on a mortality of 1 in\n  36, if the births be to the deaths in the proportion of 3 to 1,\n  the period of doubling will be over 12 years and 4-5ths. And this\n  supposition is not only a possible supposition, but has actually\n  occurred for short periods in more countries than one. Sir William\n  Petty (_Polit. Arith._, p. 14.) supposes a doubling, possible in\n  so short a time as _ten_ years.\"\n\nWhat difficulty, then, can there be (knowing the promise in Gen. xvii.\n6.) in believing that the number of the Israelites in Egypt doubled\nitself every _fourteen_ years?\n\n    F. A.\n\n  P.S. Assuming what Malthus considers an ordinary rate of increase,\n  when population is unchecked, viz. a doubling in 25 years, 70\n  persons in 430 years would increase to 10,539,000: which is what\n  \u00c6GROTUS wishes to know.\n\nAt Vol. v., p. 11., \u00c6GROTUS suggests that the \"600,000 men\" of Ex. xii.\n37. mean \"men and women.\" He will find some valuable \"Notes\" on Hebrew\nstatistics in the 1st and 2d chapters of Numbers, that appear to\nmilitate against his theory! (Numb. i. 1, 2, 3., ii. 32.)\n\n    A. A. D.\n\n\nSERJEANTS' RINGS AND MOTTOES.\n\n(Vol. v., pp. 59. 92. 110.)\n\nThe following will, I believe, be found to be a _correct_ list of the\nSerjeants' mottoes during the last twenty years. The Law Reports not\nbeing probably accessible to all your readers to whom the subject may be\none of interest, I have compiled this list with the view of preserving\n(in as brief a form as possible) in your pages, what is now scattered\nthrough many volumes.\n\n      Serjeants.\n\n      1832.   J. Gurney       | _Justo secerne iniquum._\n              J. T. Coleridge |\n              T. Denman         _Lex omnibus una._\n      1834.   J. Williams       _Tutela legum._\n      1837.   T. Coltman        _Jus suum cuique._\n      1838-9. T. Erskine        _Judicium parium._\n      1839.   W. H. Maule       _Suum cuique._\n              R. M. Rolfe       _Suaviter fortiter._\n      1840.   J. Manning      |\n              J. Halcomb      |\n              W. F. Channell  | _Honor nomenque manebunt._\n              W. Shee         |\n              D. C. Wrangham  |\n              W. Glover         _Regina et lege gaudet serviens._\n              S. Gaselee        _Nec temere nec timide._\n      1842.   J. V. Thompson    ?\n              F. S. Murphy      _Incidere Ludum._\n              H. G. Jones       _Bene Volens._\n              A. S. Dowling     _Onus allexit._\n      1843.   N. R. Clarke      _Sapiens qui assiduus._\n              J. B. Byles       _Metuis secundus._\n      1844.   E. Bellasis     |\n              J. A. Kinglake  | _Paribus legibus._\n              C. C. Jones     |\n              W. Erle           _Tenax justiti\u00e6._\n      1845.   T. J. Platt       _Labor et fides._\n              R. Allen          _Hic per tot casus._\n              E. S. Bain        _A Deo et Regina._\n              C. Wilkins        _Non quo sed quomodo._\n      1847.   E. N. Williams    _Legum servi ut libere._\n      1848.   A. Wallinger      _Quid quandoque deceat._\n      1850.   S. Martin         _Labore._\n              R. Miller         _Honeste niti._\n\nN.B. The subsequent titles of those of the above learned Serjeants who\nhave received promotion are omitted for brevity sake.\n\n    J. B. COLMAN.\n\n  Eye.\n\nMR. FOSS is, I believe, mistaken in supposing that all the serjeants\ncalled at the same time have the same motto. That is the usual practice,\nbut it has not been invariably observed. Sir John Walter, Sir Henry\nYelverton, and Sir Thomas Trevor, were all called on the same day (May\n10, 1 Car. I.). Sir John Walter and Sir Thomas Trevor gave the same\nmotto on their rings, and Sir Henry Yelverton gave rings with a\ndifferent motto. There are other instances of the like kind; that above\nreferred to I take from the only old law-book I have now at hand\n(Croke's _Reports_).\n\n    C. H. COOPER.\n\n  Cambridge.\n\nThe following is probably the case referred to at p. 92. It is contained\nin 1 _Modern Reports_, case 30.:\n\n  \"Seventeen serjeants being made the 14th day of November, a daye\n  or two after, Serjeant Powis, the junior of them all, coming to\n  the King's Bench bar, Lord Chief Justice Kelynge told him that he\n  had something to say to him, viz., that the rings which he and the\n  rest of the serjeants had given weighed but eighteen shillings\n  apiece; whereas Fortescue, in his book _De Laudibus Legum Angli\u00e6_,\n  says, 'The rings given to the Chief Justices and to the Chief\n  Baron ought to weigh twenty shillings apiece;' and that he spoke\n  not this expecting a recompense, but that it might not be drawn\n  into a precedent, and that the young gentlemen there might take\n  notice of it.\"\n\n    W. H. LAMMIN.\n\n  Fulham.\n\nMR. FOSS quotes what he considers the _happiest_ of these mottoes.\nI think the following at least as happy, and certainly more\nclassical. I believe (but am not sure) it was adopted by Mr.\nSerjeant Bosanquet. I need not point out its application:\n\n      \"Antiquam exquirite matrem.\"\n\n    F. R.\n\n\nLEARNED MEN OF THE NAME OF BACON.\n\n(Vol. iii., pp. 41. 151.)\n\nAs no one appears inclined to follow up the suggestion of your\ncorrespondent with regard to the learned men of the name of Bacon, I\nhave drawn up the following list, which I have met in the course of my\nreading, according to their dates.\n\n1st. Robert Bacon, an eminent divine, born 1168, and died 1248. He\nstudied at Oxford, and perfected his education at Paris; his principal\nwork was the life of his friend and patron, Edmund, Archbishop of\nCanterbury, which was highly esteemed; he also wrote many other learned\nworks.\n\n2nd. Roger Bacon, the learned monk; of him it will suffice for me to\nmention the date of his birth and death, as none will dispute _his_\nright to a place in the list. He was born near Ilchester, in\nSomersetshire, 1214, and died at Oxford 1294.\n\n3rd. John Bacon (surnamed _the Resolute Doctor_) was born at the latter\nend of the thirteenth century, in the little village of Baconthorpe, in\nNorfolk; from thence he is often called Baconthorpe. After some years\nspent in the Convent of Blackney, five miles from Walsingham, he removed\nto Oxford, and thence to Paris, where he was honoured by degrees both in\nlaw and divinity, and was considered the head of the Averro\u00efsts. In 1333\nhe was invited by letters to Rome; and Paulus Pansa, writing of him from\nthence, says, \"This one _resolute doctor_ has furnished the Christian\nreligion with armour against the Jews, stronger than any of Vulcan's,\"\n&c. He was held in great esteem all throughout Italy. He died in London,\n1346.\n\n4th. Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the great seal to Queen\nElizabeth, was born at Chislehurst, in Kent, 1510, and educated at\nCambridge. \"As a statesman,\" says his historian, \"he was remarkable for\na clear head and deep counsels; he had much of that penetrating genius,\nsolidity, and judgment, persuasive eloquence, and comprehensive\nknowledge of law and equity, which afterwards shone with so great a\nlustre in his son\" (Francis Lord Verulam). He died Feb. 26th, 1578,\nequally lamented by the queen and her subjects; a monument was erected\nto him in St. Paul's, which was destroyed by the Great Fire, 1666. Sir\nNicholas left several MSS., which have never been published.\n\n5th. Anthony Bacon, the eldest son of Sir Nicholas by his first wife,\nborn 1558, and educated at Cambridge. He was personally acquainted with\nmost of the literati of that age. At Geneva he lodged in the house of\nthe celebrated Theodore Beza. In 1585, he visited Henry of Navarre, then\nat Berne; here he became acquainted with the learned Lambert Dan\u00e6us,\nwho, as a mark of esteem, dedicated several of his works to him. In\n1586, he formed an intimacy with the famous Philip Plessis de Mornay at\nMontaubon; 1591, he returned to England; from this time he carried on an\nextensive correspondence with the literati, and in 1596 he began a\ncorrespondence with Henry of Navarre, then Henry IV. of France. The time\nof his death is uncertain.\n\n6th. Sir Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Albans, second son of Sir Nicholas,\nborn 1560, educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; died April 9th, 1621.\nWhat can be a more concise and expressive notice of this great man than\nthat of Walpole!--\n\n  \"_The Prophet of Arts_ which Newton was sent to reveal.... It\n  would be impertinent to enter into an account of this amazing\n  genius or his works; both will be universally admired so long as\n  science exists.\"\n\n7th. Sir Nathaniel Bacon, K.B., a younger son by his second wife of Sir\nNicholas, was an excellent painter. He studied his art in Italy, but his\nstyle and colouring approach nearer to the Flemish school. I can find no\ndate of his birth, &c.\n\n8th. Phanuel Bacon, D.D., an admirable wit and poet. He died at Balden,\nJan. 2nd, 1733.\n\n9th. John Bacon, the celebrated sculptor, and possessed also of\nrespectable literary talents; born in Southwark 1740, died 1799.\n\nI hope you will not consider this list too long for insertion; but I\nthought it useless to give a long string of names without a short notice\nof each.\n\n    MYFANWY.\n\n\nCOLLAR OF SS.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 81.)\n\nHaving only commenced subscribing to \"N. & Q.\" at the beginning of the\npresent year, I am not aware what has been said prior to this date, with\nreference to the Collar of SS.; but should not Mr. Boutell's remarks\nabout this collar have been published, I beg to send them for the\ninformation of those interested:\n\n  \"Next to the Garter itself, the most celebrated knightly\n  decoration of this class is the Collar of SS. introduced by King\n  Henry IV., apparently as a memorial of the success with which his\n  aspiring ambition had been crowned: this letter S, repeated either\n  in links of gold, or in gold embroidery, worked upon a fillet of\n  blue, is the initial of the word 'Souveraine,' Henry's motto,\n  which he bore while Earl of Derby, and which, as he afterwards\n  became sovereign, appeared auspicious.\"\n\nI dare say this idea of Mr. Boutell's may have been very ably refuted,\nby having pointed out the existence of the collar on a knight who is\nknown _for certain_ to have died prior to the reign of Henry IV.; but I\nmust say that I have seen nothing in the Numbers of the current year\nwhich alters my opinion.\n\nWith reference to what MR. LEWIS EVANS says, at page 38., I beg to\nremark that he only assumes their dates _from current report_, for the\ndates are not on either of the tombs he mentions; and I think MR. EVANS\nis not a great studier of monumental effigies, otherwise he would not\ntalk of a knight being dressed in \"a coif de mailles and pointed\nhelmet.\" I assume he means \"_a camail_ and pointed bascinet.\"\n\nLLEWELLYN, at p. 81., makes mention of several, but of the only two upon\nwhich he ventures to fix a date, prior to Henry IV., one is \"commonly\nascribed,\" &c., and the other is \"vulgarly called,\" &c., so that I place\nno reliance upon the truth of his deductions. Edwardus de la Hale, whom\nhe mentions as No. 7., died, I think he will find, in 1431, and not\n1421.\n\nAs regards the brass of Sir Thomas Peryent and lady, at Digswell, Herts,\nI may mention that although he wears a collar, yet I do not think it\nought to be fixed as certain that it is that of the SS., for no letter,\nor portion of a letter, remains to prove it, although the collar which\nLady Peryent wears is perfectly distinct.\n\nI send you a list of a few more knights and ladies who wear this collar:\n\n  A.D.\n\n  1382. Sir Thomas Burton, at Little Casterton, Rutlandshire.\n\n  1407. Sir W. and Lady Bagot, at Baginton, Warwickshire.\n\n  1411. Sir John Drayton, at Dorchester, Oxfordshire.\n\n  1412. Sir Thomas Swynborne, at Little Horkesley, Essex.\n\n  1424. Lord and Lady Camoys, at Trotton, Sussex.\n\n  1430. Sir John Dyve, at St. Owens, Bromham, Beds.\n\n  1435. Lady Delamere (but not worn by her husband), at Hereford\n  Cathedral.\n\nAs regards the brass of Sir Thomas Burton, although the date affixed to\nit is 1382, yet it is quite evident, from the style of armour worn by\nhim, and the execution of the brass itself, that it was not executed\ntill 1410, and that he died about that time, and his wife at the date\nmentioned.\n\n    H. L.\n\nTo MR. FOSS'S list of effigies bearing the Collar of SS. allow me to add\nthe brass of Sir Thomas Peryent and his lady, at Digswell, Herts, both\nof whom wear this collar. Sir Thomas was a squire at arms to Henry IV.,\nand died A.D. 1415.\n\nAt Arundel Church, also in Sussex, is a brass to Thomas Salmon and his\nlady. The figure of the knight is destroyed, but that of his lady bears\nthe collar. Perhaps some of your readers can give some account of this\nknight.\n\nQuery, What persons are _now_ entitled to wear it?\n\n    NEDLAM.\n\n\nTHE K\u00d6NIGSMARKS.\n\n(Vol. v., pp. 78. 115.)\n\nA tragic destiny was that of most of the posterity of that John\nChristopher K\u00f6nigsmark, who commanded at the storm of the suburbs of\nPrague, the last deed of arms of the Thirty Years' War. John Christopher\nhimself was born at Kotzlin in the Mark on Feb. 25, 1600, and from his\nbrother descended the K\u00f6nigsmarks of the Mark. He fought first in the\nimperial service and in Italy, but afterwards joined the Swedes, and\nafter the peace was Stadtholder of Bremen and Vredun, became Count and\nRoyal Councillor (Reichsrath), and left behind him at his death in 1663\nproperty worth 130,000 thalers yearly. He had three sons; the second,\nJohn Christopher, died in 1653 at Rottemburg, in Swabia, by a fall from\nhis horse. The youngest, Count Otto Wilhelm, was born at Minden on June\n3, 1639; studied under Esaias Pufendorf, and in 1654 was Rector\nMagnificus at Jena; served different powers as soldier and diplomatist;\ndistinguished himself as general of the Venetians in the Morea; and died\non September 16, 1688, of fever, when before Negropont. He was married\nto a Countess de la Gardie, of the well-known Swedish family. He\nprobably was that Count K\u00f6nigsmark to whose protection John Leyser\n(Theophilus Alethaus) fled when he forfeited his offices of preacher and\ninspector at Pforta, which he had held since 1664, on account of,\nalthough himself chaste and virtuous, having defended polygamy; was\npursued, taken, placed in prison, and died at Amsterdam in extreme\npoverty in 1684. The eldest son, Konrad, was first in the Swedish, then\nin the Dutch service, and fell a lieutenant-general at the siege of Bonn\nin 1673. He had married Marie Christine, daughter of Marshal Hermann\nWrangel, and the Pfalzgravine Amalie Magdalene of Sulzbach, who bore him\nthree sons and two daughters; one son died young. Which of the two\nothers was the elder is doubtful. Certain it is that the one, Karl\nJohann, who is generally, though on no sufficient grounds, held to be\nthe elder, was born in 1659, at Nieuburg on Fuhnen; studied till 1674 at\nHamburg and Stade; then travelled in Holland, England, France, and\nItaly; fought so bravely on board the Maltese galleys, that on his\ndeparture in 1678 he, although a protestant, received the grand cross of\nthe order. He then visited Rome, Florence, Genoa, Venice, Madrid, Paris,\nHolland, Hamburg, Stockholm, Windsor; set out in all haste when Tangiers\nwas attacked, to take share in the battle; and, as the fleet was delayed\nby contrary winds, made his journey to Tangiers through France and\nSpain; from thence back again to Madrid and Paris; then again to\nGibraltar, and three times to Africa; was with the English before\nAlgiers; wandered round in Holland, England, and Germany; was with the\nFrench before Courtrai; and in Catalonia fought bravely under his uncle\nat Argos, and died in Greece on August 26, 1686.\n\nThe most mysterious episode of his life was brought on by his sueing for\nEngland's richest and highest heiress, Elizabeth, daughter of Josceline,\nsecond Earl of Northumberland.\n\nThe other brother, Count Philip Christopher, was involved in the\nwell-known tale of the unfortunate wife of George I., the unhappy Sophia\nDorothea of Zelle, afterwards Duchess of Ahlden, and met his death under\ncircumstances of much mystery. According to the Duchess's assertion, he\nwas the elder brother, as she states he was born in 1656.\n\nThe sisters were--Amalie Wilhelmina, and the well-known mistress of\nAugustus II., Maria Aurora, the mother of Marshal Saxe. Amalie married\nthe Count Charles Gustavus of L\u00f6wenhaupt.\n\nExtract from Von Bulau's _Geheime Geschichten_, vol. iii., article on\n\"Count L\u00f6wenhaupt.\"\n\n    J. R. J.\n\n\nBOILING CRIMINALS TO DEATH.\n\n(Vol. v., pp. 32. 112.)\n\nMR. JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS'S observations upon the reply you favoured me by\npublishing upon this subject, require from me some few observations in\nfurther support of it. When I wrote the article in question, I had not\nhad an opportunity of consulting the statute of 22 Hen. VIII. itself. In\nmaking the assertion that, prior to the case of Roose, \"there was no\npeculiarity in the mode of punishment,\" I did so principally on the\nauthority of Blackstone, who says--\n\n  \"Of all species of deaths the most detestable is that of poison,\n  because it can of all others be the least prevented either by\n  manhood or forethought, _and therefore_ by the statute of 22 Hen.\n  VIII. c. 9. it was made treason, and a more grievous and lingering\n  kind of death was inflicted on it _than the common law allowed_,\n  namely, boiling to death.\"\n\nUpon a perusal of the statute (as published by you at p. 33.), I am\nconfirmed in my opinion that the statute _was_ \"retrospective in its\nenactments as against\" Roose, and was more extensive in its operation\nthan (as MR. NICHOLS appears to consider) merely depriving the culprit\nof the \"advantage of his clargie.\" The Act, after reciting the facts of\nthe case, enacted that the particular act of poisoning should be deemed\nhigh treason; and that the said \"Richard\" should be attainted of high\ntreason: and because that offence, then \"_newly_ practised,\" required\n_condign punishment_, it was further enacted, that the said Richard\nRoose should be boiled to death without benefit of clergy.\n\nIf this particular punishment already existed for the crime stated in\nthe Act to be \"new,\" why the necessity for thus particularising the mode\nof punishment? The conclusion of the Act (differing much in the verbiage\nfrom that part relating to Roose) confirms me in my opinion, for it\nenacts that all future poisoners should not only be adjudged guilty of\nhigh treason, and not be admitted to the benefit of clergy, _but also_\nprovides for the punishment in the mode in question.\n\nWith regard to the case instanced by MR. NICHOLS, in the 13th Hen., I\nmerely observe that it appears to have escaped the attention of\nBlackstone, and others who have written upon the subject. Assuming that\ncase to have happened, a reference to the statutes of Henry of that\nperiod might probably show that an Act was passed for the punishment of\nthat particular offence; but not extending further, it became necessary\nto pass another, both specific and general, upon the occurrence of\nRoose's case.\n\nIn support of my view as to the discontinuance of the punishment, vide\n_Blackstone_, vol. iv. p. 96.\n\nN.B. The date \"1524\" (third line from the bottom of second column, p.\n112.) appears a misprint for \"1542\".\n\n    J. B. COLMAN.\n\n  Eye.\n\nThe punishment of boiling criminals to death was not inflicted solely\nfor such a crime as poisoning. It was a common punishment for coining.\nSee _Annales Dominicanarum Colmariensium_ in Urstisius, Ger. _Illust.\nScript._, vol. ii. p. 12.; and Ducange, in verb. _Caldariis decoquere_.\nI believe instances of it will also be found in D\u00f6pler, _Theatrum\nPoenarum_; and it will be seen by a reference to Ayala, _Cronica del Rey\nDon Pedro_, that this was the favourite mode of putting to death all\npersons who had offended him, employed by that monarch, who is best,\nand, as I think, most truly, known in history as \"Peter the Cruel.\"\n\n    W. B. MACCABE.\n\nAs the punishment of boiling has been a matter of investigation lately\nin your columns, perhaps the following contribution on the same subject\nmay not be uninteresting to some of your readers. It appears that in the\nyear 1392, when Florentius Wewelinghofen, or Wewelkofen, was Bishop of\nUtrecht, a certain Jacobus von J\u00fclich, by means of forged credentials\nfrom the Pope, contrived to pass himself off, for a time, as suffragan\nto the same see. Upon the discovery of the cheat, however, Florentius\nsummoned a synod of six bishops to Utrecht, who condemned the\nunfortunate pretender to be sodden to death in boiling water! Zedler, in\nhis _Universal Lexicon_, tom. ix. col. 1282., alludes to the fact. Wilh.\nHeda, in his _Hist. Episc. Ultraject._ pp. 259, 260., gives the story\nthus:\n\n  \"Circa h\u00e6c tempora, scilicet anno 1392 ... quidam ex professione\n  Divi Francisci, sese pro Sacerdote et Episcopo gerens, et in\n  Suffraganeum Episcopi Florentii assumptus, cum aliquandiu sacra\n  omnia peregisset, inventus falso charactere atque literis usus,\n  destituitur, et ferventibus aquis immergendus adjudicatur;\n  impositus vero aquis (quia clamore suo Episcopum ad pietatem\n  commovit) statim extrahitur et capite truncatus obtinuit\n  sepulturam.\"\n\nPerhaps the Cardinal, should this meet his eye, or any one of your\nreaders equally skilled in Roman ecclesiastical arch\u00e6ology, can inform\nthe public whether this may not be the origin of the phrases, \"getting\noneself into hot water,\" and \"being sent to pot.\"\n\n    J. B. MCC.\n\n  British Museum.\n\n\n\"ADMONITION TO THE PARLIAMENT.\"\n\n(Vol. v., p. 4.)\n\nThis is not at all an uncommon book. There are at least three copies in\nthe University Library, Cambridge; one at Trinity College; besides\nothers in other college libraries. There is also one at Lambeth; two in\nthe Bodleian, Oxford; and copies are from time to time occurring at\nbooksellers' for sale. There is not, however, one in the British Museum;\nand the first edition is exceedingly scarce. MR. PAYNE COLLIER is, I\nthink, mistaken in the dates which he assigns to the _Admonition_ and\nto Whitgift's _Answer_. He follows indeed Herbert's _Ames_, in which\nreference is made to Strype; but Strype would have furnished materials\nfor a more accurate statement. Whitgift's _Answer_ was first published\ntowards the end of 1572; for the edition of that year does not contain\n\"Certayne notes and properties of Anabaptistes,\" which Whitgift himself\n(_Defense of the Aunswere_, p. 33., and elsewhere) tells us he had\nintroduced into the _second_ edition. But these \"notes\" do appear in the\nedition dated 1573, which must therefore be only the second. Moreover,\nThomas Norton wrote to Whitgift dissuading him from publishing his\n_Answer_. This letter was dated Oct. 20, 1572. In a subsequent letter to\nArchbishop Parker, dated Jan. 16, 1572 (1573), Norton speaks of his\nformer epistle as having been written \"before Mr. Whitgift's book came\nout.\" (See _Strype_; _Whitgift_, book I. chap. vi.; _Parker_, book IV.\nchap. xii.) The date of the _Answer_ thus ascertained, we may the better\nconjecture the dates of the editions of the _Admonition_, which MR.\nCOLLIER says he gathers \"had been printed four times anterior to\" 1572.\nWhitgift, it would seem, had written, if not published, his reply before\nmore than a single edition of the _Admonition_ was abroad; for he says\n(_Answer_, 1573, p. 189.), \"After I had ended this confutation of the\n_Admonition_, there comes to my hand a new edition of the same, wherein\nsome things be added,\" &c. He also says (_Defense_, p. 34.), \"the\n_Admonition_ was published after the Parliament, to the which it was\ndedicated, was ended ... it was not exhibited in Parliament, as it ought\nto have been,\" &c. Further, the _Admonition_ itself, fol. A. viii.,\nsays, \"immediately after the last Parliament holden at Westminster,\nbegun in Anno 1570, and ended in Anno 1571,\" &c. This could hardly have\nbeen said earlier than 1572. For these reasons (I will not occupy space\nby alleging more) the _Admonition_ could not, we may gather, have \"been\nprinted four times anterior to that year.\"\n\n    A. J. H.\n\n\n\"SIR EDWARD SEAWARD'S NARRATIVE.\"\n\n(Vol. v., p. 10.)\n\nThe following is a copy of a letter addressed by Miss Porter to a\nrelative of mine:--\n\n  \"Esher, Jan. 30, 1832.\n\n  \"Madam,--I hasten to express the pleasure with which I answer your\n  favour on the subject of Sir Edward Seaward's _Narrative_, to the\n  best indeed of my power, but, I regret to say, not as explicitly\n  as I wish. However, with respect to the authenticity of the\n  events, I have no reason to doubt them; the manner of the original\n  MSS. coming into my hands having been precisely what my Preface to\n  the work described.\n\n  \"The same query that you have made has been put to me from various\n  quarters; and I have communicated most of them to the owner of the\n  MSS., but he invariably declines allowing me to give his name, or\n  other proofs of the facts in the _Narrative_, saying, that 'since\n  the public has done him the honour of putting his old heir-loom\n  into mystery, even in the face of the editor's simply told\n  Preface, he will not deprive himself of the amusement such\n  unexpected doubts afford him.'\n\n  \"Thus far his whimsical decision; nevertheless, as editor of the\n  work, I cannot deny myself adding the sincere satisfaction I feel\n  in the sympathy so universally expressed with the virtues of the\n  truly amiable Seaward and his family; and the more so, as his\n  lessons of piety and domestic concord in the most trying\n  situations may well be considered his richest bequeathment.\n\n  \"I have the honour to subscribe myself, Madam,\n\n  \"Very much yours,\n\n  \"JANE PORTER.\"\n\nThis corroborates the account given by W. W. E. J., and may be thought\nworthy of a place in \"N. & Q.\"\n\n    W. H. LAMMIN.\n\n  Fulham.\n\nIf we may credit the inscription on the monument erected to the memory\nof the Porter family in Bristol Cathedral, the real author of Sir E.\nSeaward's _Narrative_ was none other than Miss Porter's own brother, Dr.\nWm. Ogilvie Porter, who within three months followed his sister to the\ngrave, being the last survivor of that talented and distinguished\nfamily. Dr. Porter commenced his medical career as a surgeon in the\nnavy, and was probably acquainted with the Caribbean Sea and its\nislands; for his first wife, who died in 1807, and was buried at St.\nOswald, in the city of Durham, was a native of Jamaica. Whether he\navowed himself the writer, when he entrusted the work to his sister for\npublication, seems doubtful. It is possible she may have been led to\nregard it as a genuine account of real transactions, whereas it is said\nto be an entirely fictitious and imaginary story, written solely for\namusement.\n\nMay I take this opportunity of asking for information respecting the\norigin of the Porter family? Their father, who was a surgeon in the\narmy, and died in early life, is said to have been of Irish extraction.\nTheir mother was a Miss Blenkinsop, of the city of Durham. Any\ninformation respecting the families of Porter and Blenkinsop would be\ninteresting. What is the name of the Russian nobleman or gentleman to\nwhom the daughter of Sir R. K. Porter is married? If she is still alive,\nshe is the sole representative of the Porters, it is believed.\n\n    E. H. A.\n\n\nGENERAL WOLFE.\n\n(Vol. v., pp. 34. 136.)\n\nAs a sequel to the inquiries suggested in your pages respecting General\nWolfe, permit me to contribute the inscription on the obelisk erected\nby Lord Dalhousie, in 1827, in a conspicuous part of Quebec, in honour\nof the General and of his brave opponent Montcalm.[9] I give it in the\nprecise form in which it was obligingly communicated to me by the\npresent Bishop of Quebec, in reply to my suggestions, a year or two ago,\nof another inscription, which I also send:\n\n        \"Mortem Virtus communem\n            Famam Historia\n      Monumentum Posteritas dedit.\"\n\nUpon the base:\n\n                      \"Hujusce\n        Monumenti in memoriam virorum illustrium\n                  WOLFE et MONTCALM.\n      Fundamentum p. c. Georgius Comes de Dalhousie,\n          In Septentrionalibus Americ\u00e6 partibus\n              Ad Britannos pertinentibus\n              Summam rerum administrans\n            (Quid duci egregio convenientius?)\n          Auctoritate promovens, exemplo stimulans\n                  Munificenti\u00e2 fovens\n              Die Novembris XV. MDCCCXXVII\n              Georgi IV. Britanniarum Rege.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n_Suggested Inscription._\n\n                    \"Hoc in loco\n              JACOBUS WOLFE, Anglorum,\n          LUDOVICUS DE MONTCALM, Francogallorum,\n                Exercitibus pr\u00e6fecti,\n          Optimis belli pacisque artibus pares,\n                  Vit\u00e6 exitu simili,\n                  Dispari fortun\u00e2,\n      Commiss\u00e2 inter Anglos et Francogallos pugn\u00e2,\n              Ille in amplexu victori\u00e6\n            Hic victus, sed invicto animo,\n                Vulneribus confossi\n            Satis honorific\u00e9 defuncti sunt.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                    \"Felices ambo!\n      Quorum ingenio, moribus, bellic\u00e6 virtuti,\n            Duarum amplissimarum gentium\n              Mutuo luctu lacrymisque\n                      Parentatum.\"\n\n  [Footnote 9: [An account of laying the first stone of the obelisk\n  to Wolfe and Montcalm, on Nov. 20, 1827, will be found in Quebec\n  and its Environs, 8vo. 1837.--ED.]]\n\n  P.S.--I would add, in connexion with this subject, that an elegant\n  and classical epitaph on Montcalm, printed in Popham's _Illustrium\n  Virorum Elogia Sepulchralia_, ends as follows:\n\n        \"Mortales optimi ducis exuvias in excavat\u00e2 humo,\n      Quam globus bellicus decidens dissiliensque defoderat,\n                  Galli lugentes deposuerunt,\n            Et generos\u00e6 hostium fidei commend\u00e2runt.\"\n\n  Query, Where is this epitaph inscribed; and is the fact recorded\n  in it noticed in any cotemporary history?\n\n    F. K.\n\n  Bath.\n\nUnder the impression that the following Note, with reference to the\ngallant General James Wolfe, may tend to illustrate some other fact\nconnected with the later period of the life of that generally lamented\nindividual, I send it at a venture.\n\nGeneral Jones Wolfe was (I am not aware of the military rank he then\nfilled) at--\n\n  \"An encampment on Bradford Heath. about two miles from the town of\n  Dorchester, co. Dorset, in the year 1757. The encampment consisted\n  of the following regiments, under the command of Lieut.-Gen. Sir\n  John Mordaunt and Major-Gen. Conway; viz. Bland's Dragoons; the\n  Old Buffs, two battalions; Kingsley's, two battalions; one company\n  of the Train of Artillery--in all ten troops, six battalions.\n  Generals Mordaunt and Conway, and a great part of these forces,\n  being sent on the expedition against Rochford, the remainder was\n  reinforced and commanded by Lieut.-Gen. John Campbell, afterwards\n  Duke of Argyll, and Major-Gen. Mostyn.\"\n\nThe above is extracted from Hutchins's _History of Dorset_, 1st edition,\nvol. i. p. 375.\n\nThat General Wolfe was in the above encampment, I had the information\nfrom a gentlemen who knew him; and many years ago I accidentally met\nwith a book with the autograph of the General, \"James Wolfe,\" written on\nthe fly-leaf, in a bold and gentlemanly style. The volume being on a\nmilitary subject, was not taken any care of, and lost: it was left by\nthe General in the hands of Messrs. Gould and Thorne, booksellers in\nDorchester, from whose successors I had it.\n\n    G. F.\n\n  Weymouth.\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Commemoration of Benefactors_ (Vol. v., p. 126.).--The office for\ncommemoration of benefactors now used in the several colleges in the\nuniversity of Cambridge, is prescribed by the statutes given to the\nuniversity by Queen Elizabeth in the 12th year of her reign, cap. 4.\nsec. 38.\n\nAn earlier office (2 Eliz.) is given in Dr. Cardwell's _Documentary\nAnnals_, vol. i. p. 282.\n\n    C. H. COOPER.\n\n  Cambridge.\n\n_King Robert Bruce's Watch_ (Vol. v., p. 105.).--The watch known under\nthis name is now, I believe, generally admitted to be a forgery. There\nis a letter in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. ii. p. 688., dated\nForfar, August 20, 1785, and signed J. Jamieson, who therein states that\nthe watch was offered for sale to him by a goldsmith hawker of Glasgow,\nwho afterwards sold it for two guineas, and it was next sold for five.\nThe letter does not trace this curiosity further; but I find in a little\nwork by Adam Thompson, entitled _Time and Timekeepers_, that it\nsubsequently found its way into the collection of George III.\n\n    W. W. E.\n\n_Hornchurch_ (Vol. v., p. 106.).--Permit me to call the attention of\nyour correspondents to some other peculiarities relating to Hornchurch.\nThere once, I believe, were (are there now?) a pair of horns over the\neast window of the church; thence the name is probably derived. The\ngreat tithes were once the property of the monks of the celebrated\nmonastery of St. Bernard in Savoy. Are not the horns connected with the\narms of Savoy? New College received the great tithes directly from the\nmonks, and have in their possession the license from the crown to\nalienate.\n\n    A. HOLT WHITE.\n\n_Buzz_ (Vol. v., p. 104.).--Corruption of _bouse_ or _booze_, to drink\nto excess. In Scotland they say \"bouse a',\" drink all.\n\n    J. R. J.\n\n\"_Buzz_,\" _to empty the Bottle_ (Vol. v., p. 104.).--The connexion\nbetween this and the drunken man, \"with his head full of bees\" (Vol.\niv., p. 308.), must strike every thoughtful reader!\n\n    A. A. D.\n\n_Melody of the Dying Swan_ (Vol. v., p. 107.).--A reference to Platon's\n_Ph\u00e6don_, p. 84. sub fin., with Fischer's note, forms a tolerable answer\nto a Query on this subject. Fischer says--\n\n  \"De cantu cygnorum, qui jam multis veterum fabulosus, v. _Lucian.\n  de Electro_, c. 5.; _\u00c6lian. H.A._ ii. 32.; xi. 1.; xiv. 13.;\n  _Pausan._, i. 30.; _Eutecnius Paraphr. Ixeut. Oppian._, p. 78. 5.;\n  _Eustathius ad Il._ \u03b2\u02b9., p. 254., aliosque qui a Jac.\n  Thomasio laudati sunt in libelli singulari de cantu cygnorum.\"\n\n[Where is this to be heard of?] Add Arist. _H.A._, viii. 11.; Ovid.\n_Heroid._ vii. 1.; Hesiod. _Sc._ 316.; _\u00c6sch. Ag._ 1444.\n\n    A. A. D.\n\n_\"From the Sublime to the Ridiculous is but a Step\"_ (Vol. v., p.\n100.).--In MR. BREEN'S interesting article entitled \"Id\u00e9es\nNapol\u00e9oniennes\" (p. 100.), is the following passage:\n\n  \"It will be seen that the original saying has undergone a slight\n  modification, Longinus making the transition a gradual one,\n  \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4' \u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd, while Blair, Payne, and Napoleon make it but\n  'a step.'\"\n\nNow there is nothing in the whole range of scholarship and philology\nthat requires more tender handling than the Greek preposition, unless it\nbe the prepositional adverb, which results from the combination of a\npreposition with an adjective. I would not be so bold as to assert that\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4' \u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd does _not_ mean \"gradually, by little and little.\" I\nfeel convinced that I have seen it so used before now; but I beg to\nsubmit that in the powerful passage quoted from Longinus it can only\nmean \"_presently, at once, with little_\" delay or interval. The purport\nof the passage seems to be this:--[The instances which I have cited]\n\"exhibit rather a turbid diction, and a confused imagery, than a\nstriking and forcible discourse. For, take them one by one, and hold\nthem up to the light, and what first looked terrible shall _presently_\ntake its true colour, and appear contemptible.\"\n\nLonginus had quoted certain turgid and empty attempts at a very high\nrhetorical strain: he then in the passage before us condemns them for\ntheir confusion both of thought and phrase; and says, that they won't\nbear looking into _for a minute_ (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4' \u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd).\n\nIf these remarks are correct, I fear they must damage the parallelism so\nindustriously instituted by your correspondent; but if he will not be\noffended, I shall not regret it: for I confess to some feeling of\njealousy in favour of modern forms of thought, and their claims to\noriginality. The field of thought is finite, and great minds have tilled\nit before us; so that scarcely in its remotest corners shall you find a\npatch of virgin soil, or a bud till now unseen. But originality is not\nexcluded for all that. He that culls a flower in the nineteenth century,\nand has an eye for its beauty, is as _original_ an admirer as he who did\nthe same on the day of creation. And he who with quick perceptions\ncombines the thoughts which have arrested his attention, and with a\nlively and apt expression, fresh and free from conventional formalism,\ngives them out to another, that man may be called original. The opposite\nof _originality_ is not _repetition_, but _imitation_. When, therefore,\nwe would prove that a writer is not original, it is not enough to\nproduce similar thoughts or phrases in older writers, unless our\ninstances are so numerous as to afford an appearance of systematic\ncopyism, or historical evidence of the fact of imitation be forthcoming\nfrom some external source.\n\n    J. E.\n\n  Oxford.\n\n\"_Carmen perpetuum_,\" &c. (Vol. v., p. 104.).--The words in Ham's Bible\nare from the _Metamorphoses_ of Ovid (I. 3.):\n\n                    \"Prim\u00e2que ab origine mundi\n      Ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen.\"\n\nThis book has been called the Heathen Bible. It should be studied with\nthe Greek translation of Tzetzes (Boisaunade's edition), to show the\nidentity of the gods and heroes of Greece and Rome under their different\nnames in the two languages. Ovid was by profession a learned priest; and\nit is probable that the subjects of his verse were the subjects of\nscenic representations in the mysteries, to which probably moral and\nnatural or theological instruction was added, much after the manner of\nthe Greek choruses. That these mysteries taught something worth the\nattention of a philosopher and moralist is manifest from the encomiums\nof Cicero:\n\n  \"Nam mihi cum multa eximia, divinaque videntur Athen\u00e6 tu\u00e6\n  peperisse, atque in vit\u00e2 hominum attulisse, tum _nihil melius\n  illis mysteriis_, quibus ex agresti immanique vit\u00e2 exculti ad\n  humanitatem et mitigati sumus: initiaque ut appellantur, ita\n  rever\u00e2 _principia vit\u00e6_ cognovimus; neque sol\u00f9m cum l\u00e6titi\u00e2\n  vivendi rationem accepimus, sed etiam cum _spe meliore\n  moriendi_.\"--_De Leg._ lib. ii. c. 14.\n\n  \"For amongst other excellent and divine things which owed their\n  origin to your Athens, and in which we participate, nothing is\n  more admirable than those mysteries which have caused us to pass\n  from a wild and uncivilised condition to one of amelioration and\n  humanity: or, to speak more correctly, they first brought us to\n  life, as indicated by the term _initiation_ (beginning), which the\n  mysteries have retained; since this new kind of life\n  (regeneration) is not only attended with happiness, but is\n  succeeded by the hope of a better destiny after death.\"\n\n    T. J. BUCKTON.\n\n  Lichfield.\n\n_Sterne at Paris_ (Vol. v., p. 105.).--In _M\u00e9moires d'un Voyageur qui se\nrepose_, by Mons. Dutens, or Duchillon, as he also called himself, is an\namusing account of a scene between Sterne and him, at Lord Tavistock's\ntable at Paris, on the 4th June, 1762.\n\n    M. S.\n\n_The Paper of the present Day_ (Vol. iii., p. 181.).--A. GRAYAN'S note\non the \"First Paper Mill\" reminds me of a too long neglected remark of\nyour correspondent LAUDATOR TEMPORIS ACTI on the inferiority of the\npaper made in the present days as compared with that of olden times. As\na matron, whose proper business it is to be curious in such matters, I\nventure to suggest that the universal use of calicos and printed cottons\nin the place of linen articles of dress, is the true cause of the\ndeterioration of the paper of our books. The careful inspection of the\nrags of present days on their arrival at a paper-mill, will, I think,\nconfirm my statement, if any gentleman who still clings pertinaciously\nto the linen shirts of \"better times\" is disposed to doubt the fact.\n\n    MARGARET GATTY.\n\n_Cimmerii, Cimbri_ (Vol. iv., p. 444.).--If the belief which derives the\nCimbrians from Gomer, son of Japhet, be on the increase, I fear the\nmovements of our restless race are not altogether progressive.\n\nBut there is good reason to think, that the Cimbri were of the\nBrito-Gallic race and tongue. Morimarusa (Pliny, iv. 27.) does not\nbelong to Indogermanic, or any such high categories as will prove nearly\nwhat you please. It is a piece of exact and determinate Brito-Gallic.\n\nPompeius Festus and Plutarch agree in stating, that the meaning of the\nname was _robbers_;--not, of course, as applied to individual offenders,\nor to any offenders, but as the hereditary boast of predatory tribes.\n\"Thou shalt want ere I want\" is the motto of the Lords Cranstoun, and\nwas the motto of all Cimbrians.\n\nCimmerii has certainly every appearance of being the same name as\nCimbri. In like manner, Cymmry becomes Cumbria and (unaccountably)\nCambria; Ambrosius becomes Emmrys, and Humber Hymmyr. What remains of\nthe old word Cimbr, or Cimmr, as meaning Latro, is the verb _cymmeryd_\n(and its cognate words), to take, or, more etymologically, to apportion:\nDividers of booty. The change of the sharp iota into that short vowel of\nwhich we possess not the long, but of which the long is the French _eu_,\nforms the difficulty; but the savages of Asia, and those of Caius\nMarius, may be conceived to have used vowels of shriller pronunciation\nthan the Gauls and Britons.\n\nThe Brigantes of Yorkshire, &c., bore a synonymous appellation, still\nused in French and Armorican, and not wholly extinct in Welsh. Of a race\nnamed Cimbri, or Cumbri, in this island, nothing whatever is known from\nancient geography or history. And probably no such name co-existed with\nthat of the Brigantes. For, if the two synonymes were used together,\nneither would express a distinctive peculiarity. The fable of the Brut\nprobably has a core of general truth, when it refers that name to the\ndays of the Cambro-Scoto-Saxon tripartition, disguised as\nCambro-Albano-Loegrian.\n\n    A. N.\n\n_Rents of Assize_ (Vol. v., p. 127.).--Rents of Assize, _Redditus assis\u00e6\nde assisa_ vel _redditus assisus_. The certain and determined rents of\nancient tenants paid in a set quantity of money or provisions; so\ncalled, because it was assised or made certain, and so distinguished\nfrom _redditus mobilis_, variable rent, that did rise and fall, like the\ncorn rent now reserved to colleges. (Cowel's _Interpreter_.) _Ob. q._\nmean respectively _obolus_ and _quadrans_.\n\nThe _great pipe_ is a roll in the Exchequer wherein all accounts and\ndebts due to the king delivered and drawn out of the remembrancer's\noffices, are entered and charged. I presume the Bishop of Winchester's\ngreat pipe was a roll of all accounts and debts due to him in right of\nhis bishopric.\n\n      \"Ad regis exemplar, totus componitur orbis.\"\n\n    J. G.\n\n  Exeter.\n\nLord Coke (_2nd Institute_, 19.) gives this definition:\n\n  \"_Redditus assisus_, or _redditus assis\u00e6_: vulgarly, rents of\n  assise, are the certain rents of the freeholders and ancient\n  copiholders, because they be assised, and certain, and doth\n  distinguish the same from _redditus mobiles_, farm rents for life,\n  years, or at will, which are variable and incertain.\"\n\n_Ob. q._ means three farthings, \"ob.\" being an abbreviation of _obolus_,\na halfpenny, and \"q.\" of _quadrans_, a farthing.\n\nThe _great pipe_ in the document referred to apparently means the pipe\nroll of the Bishops of Winchester, of which some account may be seen in\nthe report of the case of Doe dem. Kinglake _v._ Beviss, in 7 _Common\nBench Reports_, 456.\n\n    C. H. COOPER.\n\n  Cambridge.\n\n_Monastic Establishments in Scotland_ (Vol. v., p. 104.).--In\n_Picturesque Antiquities of Scotland_, etched by Adam de Cardonnel, is\na list of the different monastic establishments in Scotland. If your\ncorrespondent has not seen this volume, which I apprehend to be rather\nscarce (it was printed for the author in 1788), I shall be happy to\nsupply him with a transcript of the list that Mr. De Cardonnel has given\nin his introduction.\n\n    M. S.\n\n_History of Brittany_ (Vol. v., p. 59.).--MR. KERSLEY will find much\ninformation of the kind he wishes in the genealogies of the families of\nBretagne by D'Hosier, \"Chevalier, Conseiller du roy en ses conseils,\nJuge d'Armes de la Noblesse de France,\" circiter 1765.\n\nMy copy of the _Genealogies of Normandy_, by d'Hosier, was bought at\nQuaritch's, who also, I remember, a few months ago advertised other sets\nof the same herald, and I think Brittany amongst them.\n\n    I. J. H. H.\n\n  St. Asaph.\n\n_Marches of Wales, and Lords Marchers_ (Vol. v., pp. 30. 135.).--In\nconnexion with this Query, it may be interesting to G. to know that Mr.\nThos. Davies Lloyd, of Bronwydd, Caermarthenshire, is the only \"Lord\nMarcher now extant in the kingdom\" (extract from a letter of Mr. Lloyd\nto me). Mr. Lloyd holds the barony of Kemes, in the county of Pembroke,\nwhich was erected into a Lordship Marcher by Martin de Tours, one of the\ncompanions of William I., who exercised the Jura Regalia, and other\npeculiar privileges.\n\n    I. J. H. H.\n\n  St. Asaph.\n\n_The Broad Arrow_ (Vol. iv., pp. 315. 371. 412.; Vol. v., p. 115.).--I\ncan see nothing to connect this symbol with the worship of Mithras, but\nI have always fancied it of much earlier date than that commonly\nassigned to it. A coin of Carausius with a Greek legend would be an\nobject of great interest to our English numismatists, but nothing of the\nkind has ever been seen! My reason for thinking that the symbol of the\n\"broad arrow\" is one of considerable antiquity is, that the name by\nwhich sailors and \"longshore\" people designate it, namely, the \"Broad\nAr,\" is clearly not a vulgarism, but an archaism. In the north of\nEngland \"ar\" or \"arr\" is still used for a mark. It occurs on very early\nDanish coins, and I entertained a hope that some northern antiquary\nwould have told me how it originated; but my enquiry has ended in\ndisappointment. Query, When was the Pheon, which it is supposed to be,\nfirst used as an heraldic device? I have before me a coin of Stralsund,\nminted in the fourteenth century, with the Pheon for the principal type.\nBy German writers this object is called a fishspear, but I cannot help\nthinking that its origin may be connected with the broad arrow.\n\n    J. Y. AKERMAN.\n\n_Miniature of Cromwell_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.; Vol. v., pp. 17. 92.).--In\naddition to those already mentioned, I have seen in the possession of a\ngentleman connected with a Presbyterian trust, a miniature of Oliver\nCromwell by Cooper. The building connected with the trust, is one of\nthose built after the passing of the Five Mile Act, and is near\nYarmouth; with which place, as is well known, Cromwell was much\nconnected.\n\n    X. Y. Z.\n\n_The Sina\u00eftic Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.) have been deciphered by\nDr. E. F. Beer. Vide his _Studia Asiatica_, Leipsic, 1840.\n\n    S. W.\n\n_Why cold Pudding settles One's Love_ (Vol. v., p. 50.).--As no one has\nreplied to the Query of \"AN F. S. A. WHO LOVES PUDDING,\" may I be\npermitted to offer the following conjectural solution? In some parts of\nthe principality it is customary on the morning of a wedding-day for the\nbridegroom, with a party of his friends, to proceed to the lady's\nresidence; where he and his companions are regaled with ale, bread and\nbutter, and _cold custard pudding_! I hope I have hit the mark! But,\nperhaps, it does not become me to speculate upon these dainty matters.\n\n    AN OLD BACHELOR.\n\n  Hoxton.\n\n_Covines_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--A. N.'s inquiry for a reference not\nhaving been answered, I beg to name Sir Walter Scott's _Demonology and\nWitchcraft_, p. 206.; or, if he desires to \"sup full of horrors,\"\nPitcairn's _Criminal Trials in Scotland_, vol. iv. Appendix, p. 602.,\nwhere the confessions of the witches of Aulderne are given at length. It\nappears by these confessions that a _covine_ consists of thirteen\nwitches (\"the Deil's dozen?\"), of whom two are officials, the _Maiden of\nthe Covine_, who sits next the Deil, and with whom he leads off the\ndance (called _Gillatrypes_), and the _officer_, who, like the crier in\na court of justice, calls the witches at the door, when the Deil calls\nthe names from his book.\n\n_Covine_ is conventus. _Covent_ Garden. See Dr. Jamieson on the word\n_Covine-tree_.\n\n    W. G.\n\n\"_Arborei foetus alibi_,\" &c. (Vol. v., p. 58.).--Had the \"head master\"\nbeen as well versed in the subject as he undoubtedly was in the words of\nthe _Georgics_, he would have explained to the \"sixth form\" that, in the\nlines\n\n      \"Hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uv\u00e6;\n      Arborei foetus alibi, atque injussa virescunt\n      Gramina.\"\n\nthe intention of the poet was to contrast an agricultural with a\npastoral district. The _alibi_ which he establishes in the case of\n\"arborei foetus\" he applies equally to \"injussa gramina;\" and his\nobvious meaning is this:--One district is naturally fitted for the\ncultivation of corn; another for that of vines; whilst a third is more\nadapted for woodland, or rather, perhaps, orchards, meadows, and\npastures: the sowing down or formation of which, if indeed the hand of\nman has had anything to do with them at all--being a thing of the past,\nand, perhaps, not within the range of the oldest inhabitant's memory,\ntheir produce may with propriety be termed \"injussa,\" or spontaneous.\n\n    W. A. C.\n\n  Ormsary.\n\n_Poniatowski Gems_ (Vol. v., p. 140.).--A.O.O.D. is informed that the\nfirst sale of these gems took place in 1839, by Christie, and they were\nbought by a Mr. Tyrrell for 12,000_l._\n\n    M----N.\n\n\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\n_The Men of the Time in 1852, or Sketches of Living Notables_, is\nintended, as we are told in the Preface, \"to bring together in one\nmuster-roll the people who take the lead in doing the Work of the World,\nin literature, in politics, in art, and in science,--who are influential\nin their generation, either in thought or in action.\" The idea is a good\none, and the book will eventually supply a want which all have felt. We\nsay \"eventually,\" because both Editor and Publisher must be aware that\nno first attempt of a work of this nature can at all approach\nperfection. We do not complain that, within the small compass of the\npresent volume, we find many names we should scarcely have looked for in\nsuch a selection; but we would, for the purpose of improving the next\nedition, point out the omission of many very important ones. In the\nfield of learning, antiquarian and historical, we miss all mention of\nEllis, Hallam, Mahon, Maitland, Madden, Palgrave, Kemble, Thorpe and\nWright. In other classes again we meet with similar omissions. We find\nRobert Owen, but not Professor Owen; Southwood Smith, but not Sir Harry\nSmith; Faraday we have, but not Wheatstone; the Bishops of Exeter,\nOxford, and St. David's, but not the Bishops of London or Ely. We have\nPusey, but neither Hook, Bennett, Close, nor Newman. We have George\nDawson the lecturer, but not Cowden Clarke the lecturer. Such are some\nof the instances of omission which have occurred to us, and which will\nno doubt be supplied in a new edition. May we add our hope that in such\nnew edition as ample justice will be rendered to all \"men of learning\"\nas is in the present one rendered to all \"men of the press.\"\n\nWhen we find that the new issue of Bohn's _Illustrated Library_ consists\nof the first volume of a revised and enlarged edition of _The Battles of\nthe British Navy_, by Joseph Allen, Esq., R.N., we are almost disposed\nto imagine that this indefatigable publisher had seen with prophetic eye\nthat in the opening of 1852 Mr. Cobden's theory of universal peace would\nlose favour, and that John Bull would resume his old love for the \"blue\njackets.\" Be that as it may, such a work as the present, popularly\nwritten, handsomely illustrated, and published at a moderate price,\nwhich would at all times be a boon, is not likely to be less welcome at\na moment when there is a general feeling abroad, that England's best\nsecurities for that peace which all would preserve, \"like her best\nbulwarks,\" are \"her wooden walls.\"\n\nSir Joshua Reynolds was a painter among painters, and a man of letters\namong men of letters; and as long as the literature of this country\nendures, his name will be held in remembrance and in honour. In giving,\ntherefore, to the world a new edition of _The Literary Works of Sir\nJoshua Reynolds, the first President of the Royal Academy; to which is\nprefixed a Memoir of the Author, with Remarks on his Professional\nCharacter illustrative of his Principles and Practice_, by Henry\nWilliams Beechey, Mr. Bohn has conferred a boon, not only upon the\nprofessional student, but upon all who would acquire a knowledge of the\npresiding principle which regulates every part of art, and who can\nappreciate the eloquent and admirable manner in which the great\npresident conveyed that knowledge.\n\nWhen a glimpse of sunshine warns us of the approach of spring, and that\nour young friends are bethinking them of the country and its varied\npleasures, when they will again--\n\n      \"---- hear the lark begin its flight,\n      And singing, startle the dull night,\"\n\nwe are reminded of a long-delayed wish to call their attention to\nGosse's _Popular British Ornithology, containing a Familiar and\nTechnical Description of the Birds of the British Isles_, as a means of\nturning their pleasant rambles to a source of profitable instruction.\nWith this scientific, though concise and popularly written volume,\nprofusely illustrated as it is with coloured figures of the most\nremarkable British birds, as their guide--and a little patient\nobservation--an amount of knowledge of birds and their habits will soon\nbe acquired by them, which will prove a source of never-ending\nenjoyment, and give new zest to every fresh visit to the woods and\nfields.\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nGREGORY'S (DR.) SECOND MEMORIAL TO THE MANAGERS OF THE ROYAL INFIRMARY,\nEDINBURGH.\n\nHERON'S (SIR ROBERT) NOTES. First Edition. Privately printed.\n\nCOBBETT'S STATE TRIALS. 8vo. Vol. VIII. 1810.\n\nARNOTT'S PHYSICS. 2 Vols.\n\nISR. CLAUDERI DISPUTATIO DE SALE SUB PR\u00c6SIDIO SAGITTARII. Jen\u00e6, 1650.\n\nCRESCENT AND THE CROSS. Vol. I. Third Edition.\n\nMACKINNON'S HISTORY OF CIVILISATION. Vol. II. 1846.\n\nLITE'S DODOENS' HERBAL. First Edition. (An imperfect copy to complete\nanother.)\n\nTURNER'S A BOOKE OF THE NATURES OF THE BATHES IN ENGLAND. 1568. (An\nimperfect copy to complete another.)\n\nA MOST EXCELLENT AND PERFECTE CORNISH APOTHECARY. 1561. (An imperfect\ncopy to complete another.)\n\nTURNER'S A NEW HERBALL. (An imperfect copy to complete another.)\n\nFIELDING'S WORKS. 14 Vols. 1808. Vol. XI. [Being 2nd of Amelia].\n\nSHADWELL. Vols. II. and IV. 1720.\n\nARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON. Vol. IV. 1819.\n\nBARONETAGE. Vol. I. 1720. Ditto. Vols. I. and II. 1727.\n\nCHAMBERLAYNE'S PHARONNIDA. (Reprint.) Vols. I. and II. 1820.\n\nHOLCROFT'S LAVATER. Vol. I. 1789.\n\nDRECHSLERUS DE LARVIS. Lipsi\u00e6, 1674.\n\nELSLEY ON THE GOSPEL AND ACTS. London, 1833. Vol. I.\n\n  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,\n  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"Notes and\n  Queries,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nW. M. N. _is thanked for the kindly spirit of his communication. The\narticles to which he refers shall be attended to._\n\nAMERICA. _Our friends who desire to know how_ \"N. & Q.\" _may be\nforwarded to_ America _are informed that all that is required is to affix\na_ penny stamp _to a copy of the stamped edition._\n\nSALOPIAN. _There is as little doubt that Friday is considered unlucky\nbecause it is the day of the Crucifixion, as that the belief of its\nbeing unlucky for thirteen to set down to a meal together owes its\norigin to the remembrance of the Last Supper._\n\nG.R.E.E.N. _is no doubt a wag_. _But as we do not share his_ viridity,\n_we have committed his communication to the_ fire, _and can assure him\nfor his consolation that, like Sir Andrew Aguecheek's leg, it looked\n\"indifferent well in a_ flame_-coloured stock.\"_\n\nF. M. W. (Camden Town), _who inquires respecting the meaning and origin\nof \"era,\" is referred to our_ 4th Vol. pp. 383. 454., _and_ 5th Vol. p.\n106.\n\nK. (of Carlisle). _This correspondent has not said what the\ncommunication was to which he refers. We are therefore unable to reply\nto his inquiry._\n\nTILLOTSON'S SERMONS, by Parker, Vol. I., _may be had on application to\nthe Publisher._\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED.--_Ring Finger--Sanctus Bell--Bastides--Gospel\nOaks--Hyrne--Cibber's Lives of the Poets--Poniatowski's\nGems--Stoke--Pendulum Demonstration--Theoloneum--Rent of\nAssize--Kissing under the Mistletoe--Cambridge Commemoration\nService--Asters with Trains of Fire--Celebrated Trees--Hieroglyphics\nof Vagrants--Pasquinades--Traditions from remote Periods--Wiggan\nor Utigan--Derivation of \"Era\"--Smothering Hydrophobic\nPatients--Grimsdyke--Queen of the Isle of Man._\n\n\n\n\nJust published, Twenty-fourth Thousand, price 7_s._ cloth.\n\n  PROVERBIAL PHILOSOPHY.--A Book of Thoughts and Arguments,\n  originally treated. By MARTIN F. TUPPER, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., of\n  Christchurch, Oxford.\n\n  Also, by the same, second edition, with notes, price 4_s._,\n\n  PROBABILITIES: An Aid to Faith.\n\n    \"It is difficult to convey by extracts the charm which is diffused\n    over this little book. There is, in the infinite variety of\n    subject, a continuous line of thought, which fixes the attention\n    to its progress, and leaves the mind amused and edified with the\n    perusal.\"--_Christian Remembrancer._\n\n  London: T. HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly, and all Booksellers.\n\n\nJust published,\n\n  A CATALOGUE of a very choice and valuable Collection of Rare,\n  Curious, and Useful BOOKS, in the English and Foreign Languages,\n  including an extraordinary Specimen of Early Block-printing,\n  splendid Specimens of Early Typography, from the Presses of Fust,\n  Schoiffer, Jenson, Ulric Zell, Mentelin, Eggestyn, Wynken de\n  Worde, &c. &c. Very rare and interesting Books, printed by the\n  Aldine Family, from the first one issued by them in 1494 to 1592;\n  Works upon English History, Topography, and Antiquities;\n  Black-letter Books; Books of Prints and General Literature; Rare\n  and Curious Books in the French, Italian, and Spanish Languages;\n  many of the first and best editions of the Greek and Latin\n  Classics, &c. &c., in fine condition, chiefly in Morocco and\n  Russia Bindings, by the most eminent English and Foreign Binders.\n  Now on sale at the very reduced prices affixed, by\n\n  JOSEPH LILLY, 7. Pall Mall, London.\n\n  [Star symbol] Not a single book in this Catalogue has ever\n  appeared in any of Lilly's former ones, but they have all been\n  recently purchased, under very advantageous circumstances, from\n  one of the most extensive and valuable Collections of Books ever\n  formed in this country. It will be forwarded to any gentleman on\n  the receipt of Twelve Postage Stamps, allowed to Purchasers.\n\n  PART II., containing a most interesting Collection of Rare and\n  Curious Books in Early English Literature, is in preparation, and\n  will be forwarded to any gentleman sending his address.\n\n\nTHE BEST is the CHEAPEST.\n\n      The Best Congou Tea           3_s._ 8_d._ per lb.\n      The Best Souchong Tea         4_s._ 4_d._     \"\n      The Best Gunpowder Tea        5_s._ 8_d._     \"\n      The Best Old Mocha Coffee     1_s._ 4_d._     \"\n      The Best West India Coffee    1_s._ 4_d._     \"\n      The Fine True Ripe Rich\n          Rare Souchong Tea         4_s._ 0_d._     \"\n\n  40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England\n  by\n\n  PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS, No. 8. King William Street, City,\n  London.\n\n\nA SUITABLE PRESENT FOR YOUNG HOUSEKEEPERS.\n\n  This day (new and improved Edition), neatly bound in gilt cloth,\n  price 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  HOME TRUTHS for HOME PEACE: a Practical Inquiry into what chiefly\n  Mars or Makes the Comfort of Domestic Life. Especially addressed\n  to young Housewives.\n\n  \"A work which is calculated to effect an amount of good for which\n  young men and maidens will ever be grateful.\"--_Bell's Messenger._\n\n  EFFINGHAM WILSON, Publisher, 11. Royal Exchange.\n\n\nMESSRS. ROBERT COCKS'S NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS.\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"The Warrior Page.\" Words by J.\n  E. CARPENTER. 2_s._ 6_d._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"The Wandering Stars.\" Words by\n  J. E. CARPENTER. 3_s._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"The Flower Gatherers.\" Words by\n  J. E. CARPENTER. 3_s._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"The Stream and the Willow.\"\n  Words by J. E. CARPENTER, Esq. 3_s._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"Say, where shall we roam.\" Words\n  by J. E. CARPENTER, Esq. 3_s._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"The Sister's Birthday.\" Words by\n  J. E. CARPENTER, Esq. 2_s._ 6_d._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"Farewell, remember me!\" Words by\n  J. E. CARPENTER, Esq. 3_s._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"When shall we meet again.\" Words\n  by J. E. CARPENTER, Esq. 2_s._ 6_d._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"Ruth and Naomi.\" Words by J. E.\n  CARPENTER, Esq. 2_s._ 6_d._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"Sing, sweet Sister, sing to me.\"\n  Words by J. E. CARPENTER, Esq. 2_s._ 6_d._\n\n  STEPHEN GLOVER'S New Vocal Duet, \"Tuscan Girls crowning the Sea.\"\n  Words by MRS. CRAWFORD. 3_s._\n\n  Also, just published, gratis, and postage free,\n\n  A MONTHLY LIST of NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS for the Two past\n  Months; ditto Catalogue of Scarce Music, and a Catalogue of\n  Beethoven's Works.\n\n  London: ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, Publishers to\n  the Queen.\n\n\nTO the MUSICAL PUBLIC.--Gratis and Postage Free.--MESSRS. ROBERT COCKS'S\nMONTHLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS for December and January are now ready\nfor distribution. To be had of all Musicsellers and Booksellers, and at\nthe Royal Warehouses of the firm.\n\n  SCARCE MUSICAL WORKS.--Just published, and to be had gratis, and\n  postage free, a CATALOGUE of Scarce and Valuable MUSICAL WORKS,\n  New and Second-hand, Vocal and Instrumental, many selected from\n  the Library of his late Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge.\n\n  Also, a CATALOGUE of BEETHOVEN'S WORKS.\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,\n\n  3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\n  Founded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n      H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.\n      William Cabell, Esq.\n      T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.\n      G. Henry Drew, Esq.\n      William Evans, Esq.\n      William Freeman, Esq.\n      F. Fuller, Esq.\n      J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.\n      T. Grissell, Esq.\n      James Hunt, Esq.\n      J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.\n      E. Lucas, Esq.\n      James Lys Seager, Esq.\n      J. Basley White, Esq.\n      Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._\n\n      W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.\n      L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.\n      George Drew, Esq.\n\n  _Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P. Solicitor-General.\n\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\n  VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\n  POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through\n  temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given\n  upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to\n  the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.\n\n  Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share\n  in three-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n      Age           \u00a3 _s._  _d._\n       17           1  14    4\n       22           1  18    8\n       27           2   4    5\n       32           2  10    8\n       37           2  18    6\n       42           3   8    2\n\n  ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\n  Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material\n  additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE\n  on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of\n  Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land\n  Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on\n  Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A.,\n  Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament\n  Street, London.\n\n\nLONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.\n\n  Patron: His Royal Highness Prince ALBERT.\n\n  This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000\n  volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English\n  and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of\n  the members, supplied with the best English and foreign\n  periodicals.\n\n  Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription,\n  2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._\n\n  By order of the Committee:\n\n  J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.\n\n  September, 1851.\n\n\nThe Devotional Library.\n\nEDITED BY WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds.\n\n  THE DEVOTIONAL LIBRARY is intended to furnish, at the lowest\n  possible price, a series of Works, original or selected, from\n  well-known Church of England Divines, which, from their practical\n  character, as well as their cheapness, will be useful to the\n  Clergy for Parochial distribution. The following have appeared:\n\n  Helps to Self-Examination, \u00bd_d._ Original.\n\n  The Sum of Christianity, 1_d._ A. Ellis.\n\n  Directions for Spending One Day Well, \u00bd_d._ Abp. Synge.\n\n  Short Reflections for Morning and Evening, 2_d._ Spinckes.\n\n  Prayers for a Week, 2_d._ Sorocold.\n\n  The above may also be had, bound together in cloth, as \"Helps to\n  Daily Devotion.\" Price 8_d._ cloth.\n\n  The Crucified Jesus, 3_d._ Horneck.\n\n  The Retired Christian, 3_d._ Ken.\n\n  Holy Thoughts and Prayers, 3_d._ Original.\n\n  The Sick Man Visited, 3_d._ Spinckes.\n\n  Short Meditations for Every Day in the Year, 2 vols. 1260 pp.\n  cloth, 5_s._; calf, gilt edges, 9_s._ Original.\n\n  The separate Parts may still be had in cloth and limp calf.\n\n  The Christian Taught by the Church's Services. Cloth, 2_s._ 6_d._;\n  calf, gilt edges, 4_s._ 6_d._ Original.\n\n  The separate Parts may still be had in cloth and limp calf.\n\n  Penitential Reflections for Days of Fasting and Abstinence (Tracts\n  for Lent), 6_d._ Compiled.\n\n  Rules for the Conduct of Human Life, 1_d._ Abp. Synge.\n\n  Ejaculatory Prayers, 2_d._ A. Cook.\n\n  Pastoral Address to a Young Communicant, \u00bd_d._ Original.\n\n  Litanies for Domestic Use. 2_d._ Compiled.\n\n  Family Prayers. Cloth, 6_d._ Original.\n\n  Companion to the Altar. Cloth, 6_d._ Unknown.\n\n  Aphorisms, by Bishop Hall. Cloth, 9_d._ Original.\n\n  Devout Musings on the Psalms. Parts I. II. III. and IV. Cloth,\n  1_s._ each, or in 2 vols. 5_s._ Original.\n\n  The Evangelical History of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.\n  Cloth, 2_s._\n\n  The Common Prayer Book the Best Companion in the Family, 3_d._\n\n  The Church Sunday School Hymn Book. Cloth, 8_d._\n\n  Prayers for the Young, \u00bd_d._\n\n  GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nJust published, 32mo. cloth, with coloured frontispiece, price 4_s._, or\nmorocco, 6_s._ 6_d._\n\n  LYRA CHRISTIANA; Poems on Christianity and the Church; Original\n  and selected. From the Works of ROBERT MONTGOMERY, M.A. Author of\n  \"The Christian Life,\" \"God and Man,\" &c.\n\n    \"We think the 'Lyra Christiana' an admirable companion and\n    excellent sequence to that widely circulated book, 'The Christian\n    Year.'\"--_Churchman's Companion._\n\n  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nJust published, new edition, price 2_s._ 6_d._ cloth, 4_s._ 6_d._\ncalf.\n\n  THE CHRISTIAN TAUGHT by the CHURCH'S SERVICES. Edited by WALTER\n  FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds.\n\n  Also, 2 vols., price 5_s._ cloth.\n\n  DEVOUT MUSINGS on the BOOK OF PSALMS. Edited by DR. HOOK. (Or in\n  Four Parts, 1_s._ each.)\n\n    \"This we consider the most valuable of any of the volumes of the\n    'Devotional Library.' It will be a great step indeed when our\n    people shall be led to apprehend the evangelical meaning of\n    David's Psalms.\"--_Ecclesiastic._\n\n  Also, price 2_s._ cloth.\n\n  The HISTORY of OUR LORD and SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST. With suitable\n  Meditations and Prayers. By WILLIAM READING, M.A. Reprinted from\n  the Edition of 1737. Edited by DR. HOOK.\n\n\nJust published, fcap. 8vo., cloth, price 6_s._\n\n  SERMONS ON THE DOCTRINES and MEANS of GRACE, and on the SEVEN\n  WORDS from THE CROSS. By GEORGE TREVOR, M.A., Canon of York.\n\n  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n\nAN AUTHOR'S WIDOW, AGED 80.--The WIDOW of the late GEORGE CRABB, of\nMagdalen Hall, Oxford, M.A., and of the Inner Temple, Barrister at Law.\nAuthor of \"An Historical Dictionary,\" \"A Technological Dictionary,\" \"A\nDictionary of Synonymes,\" \"A History of the English Law,\" \"A Digest of\nthe Statutes at Large,\" \"A Treatise on the Law of Real Property,\" &c.\n&c. The abject poverty in which Mrs. CRABB, at the advanced age of 80,\nfinds herself left on the death of her Husband, having come to the\nknowledge of one or two persons slightly acquainted with the deceased,\nthey have made it a duty strictly to inquire into the merits of this\ndistressing case, and as such earnestly to recommend it to the sympathy\nof those who value literature and pity the necessities of age. It is\nproposed to raise by subscription a Fund with a view to purchase an\nAnnuity of about 50_l._ per annum for this venerable relict of one who\nhas laboured for more than half a century in the preparation of Works of\nstandard usefulness.\n\n      Subscriptions already received:\n\n      The Royal Literary Fund    \u00a360   0   0\n      Messrs. Butterworth         10  10   0\n      Mrs. Thompson                1   0   0\n      Messrs. Roworth & Sons       2   2   0\n\n  [Star symbol] Communications on the subject, and Subscriptions,\n  will be gladly received by the Treasurer, Mr. JOSHUA W.\n  BUTTERWORTH, 7. Fleet Street, London.\n\n\nOn the 1st of March, 1852, will be published the First Number of the\nENLARGED SERIES of\n\n  COCKS'S MUSICAL MISCELLANY. A Journal of Music and Musical\n  Literature, published on the 1st of every month.\n\n  Subscription for the stamped edition, 6_s._ per annum; unstamped,\n  5_s._\n\n  Subscribers' names received by Messrs. ROBERT COCKS & Co.,\n  Publishers to the Queen, New Burlington Street, London; by Messrs.\n  SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & Co., Stationers' Hall Court; and by\n  Booksellers, Musicsellers, and Newsvendors in general.\n\n\nLEBAHN'S WORKS.\n\nFourth Stereotype Edition, price 8_s._; with Key, 10_s._ 6_d._\n\n  GERMAN in ONE VOLUME. Containing a Grammar; Exercises; Undine, a\n  Tale by Fouqu\u00e9, with Notes; and a Vocabulary of 4,500 Words\n  synonymous in German and English.\n\nPrice 6_s._\n\n  PRACTICE IN GERMAN. Adapted for Self-Instruction; containing the First\n  Three Chapters of Undine, with a literal Interlinear Translation, and\n  copious Notes.\n\nPrice 6_s_. 6_d._\n\n  THE SELF-INSTRUCTOR in GERMAN. Containing--I. \"Der Muthwillige\"\n  (the Wag), a Comedy, in Five Acts, by KOTZEBUE. II. \"Der Neffe als\n  Onkel,\" a Comedy, in Three Acts, by SCHILLER. With a Vocabulary\n  and Notes.\n\nPrice 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  A FIRST GERMAN READING-BOOK. Containing--\"Das T\u00e4ubchen\" (the\n  Dove), a Tale for the Young, by CH. SCHMID. With an Introductory\n  Grammar, and a Vocabulary, containing every Word occurring in the\n  Text.\n\nPrice 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  EICHENFELS, AND DIALOGUES; In What Manner Henry came to the\n  Knowledge of God; a Tale, by CH. SCHMID. With a complete\n  Vocabulary, and Dialogues, containing the ordinary Conversational\n  Phrases.\n\nPrice 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  PETER SCHLEMIHL; or, the SHADOWLESS MAN. By CHAMISSO. With a\n  Vocabulary and Copious Notes.\n\nPrice 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  EGMONT: a Tragedy, in Five Acts. by GOETHE. With a complete\n  Vocabulary.\n\nPrice 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  UNDINE: a Tale, by FOUQU\u00c9. With Notes.\n\nPrice 3_s._ 6_d._\n\n  WILHELM TELL: a Drama, in Five Acts, by SCHILLER. With a complete\n  Vocabulary.\n\nAbout 250 commendatory Notices on the above Works have appeared.\n\n  Sold by all Booksellers; and at Mr. LEBAHN'S Class Rooms, 1.\n  Annett's Crescent, Lower Road, Islington.\n\n  MR. FALCK-LEBAHN receives Classes and Private Pupils at 1.\n  Annett's Crescent, Islington; 12. Norland Square, Notting Hill;\n  and attends Students at their own Residences.\n\n\nNEW WORK ON EUROPEAN TURKEY.\n\n  In Crown 8vo. price 7_s._ 6_d._\n\n  MOUNT ATHOS, THESSALY, and EPIRUS: being the Diary of a Journey\n  from Constantinople to Corfu. By GEO. FERGUSON BOWEN, Esq., M.A.,\n  Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford.\n\n  RIVINGTONS. St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.\n\n\nGIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Now complete\nin 3 Vols. Elegantly bound in Ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price\n18_s._\n\n    \"Her delicate perceptions of character, vigorous and truthful\n    conception, and felicitous expression, have ensured the\n    successful accomplishment of her design.\"--_Globe._\n\n  W. H. SMITH & SON, 136. Strand; SIMPKIN & Co., Stationers' Hall\n  Court.\n\n\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, February 21, 1852.\n\n\n\n\n      [Transcriber's Note: List of volumes and content pages in \"Notes\n      and Queries\", Vol. I.-V.]\n\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |\n      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |\n      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |\n      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |\n      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |\n      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |\n      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |\n      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |\n      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |\n      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |\n      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |\n      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |\n      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |\n      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |\n      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |\n      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |\n      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |\n      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |\n      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |\n      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |\n      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |\n      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |\n      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |\n      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |\n      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |\n      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |\n      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |\n      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |\n      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |\n      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |\n      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |\n      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |\n      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |\n      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |\n      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |\n      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |\n      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |\n      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |\n      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |\n      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |\n      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |\n      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |\n      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |\n      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |\n      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |\n      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |\n      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |\n      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |\n      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |\n      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |\n      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |\n      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |\n      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |\n      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |\n      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |\n      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |\n      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |\n      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |\n      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |\n      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |\n      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |\n      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |\n      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |\n      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |\n      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |\n      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |\n      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |\n      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |\n      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  88 | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  89 | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  90 | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  91 | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  92 | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  93 | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  94 | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  95 | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  96 | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |\n      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851      | 305-333 | PG # 38926 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov.  1, 1851      | 337-358 | PG # 39076 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov.  8, 1851      | 361-374 | PG # 39091 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851      | 377-396 | PG # 39135 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851      | 401-414 | PG # 39197 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851      | 417-430 | PG # 39233 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec.  6, 1851      | 433-460 | PG # 39338 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851      | 465-478 | PG # 39393 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851      | 481-494 | PG # 39438 |\n      | Vol. IV No. 113 | Dec. 27, 1851      | 497-510 | PG # 39503 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Notes and Queries Vol. V.                                   |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         |  Pages  | PG # xxxxx |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. V  No. 114 | January  3, 1852   |   1- 18 | PG # 40171 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 115 | January 10, 1852   |  25- 45 | PG # 40582 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 116 | January 17, 1852   |  49- 70 | PG # 40642 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 117 | January 24, 1852   |  73- 94 | PG # 40678 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 118 | January 31, 1852   |  97-118 | PG # 40716 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol. V  No. 119 | February  7, 1852  | 121-142 | PG # 40742 |\n      | Vol. V  No. 120 | February 14, 1852  | 145-167 | PG # 40743 |\n      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+\n      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |\n      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |\n      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |\n      | INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851    | PG # 40166 |\n      +------------------------------------------------+------------+","title":"Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 121, February 21, 1852: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":24428}