{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42004/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42004","id":"gutenberg_42004","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42004","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: History - Other","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"{141}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 225.]\nSATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18. 1854\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                    Page\n\n  Remarkable Imprints                                          143\n\n  Legends of the Co. Clare, by Francis Robert Davies           145\n\n  Canting Arms                                                 146\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--Selleridge--Tombs of Bishops--Lines on\n    visiting the Portico of Beau Nash's Palace, Bath--\n    Acrostic in Ash Church, Kent--A Hint to Publishers--\n    Uhland, the German Poet--Virgilian Inscription for an\n    Infant School                                              146\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  The Shippen Family--John White, by Thos. Balch               147\n\n  Books issued in Parts and not completed                      147\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--\"Hovd Maet of Laet\"--Hand in Church--\n    Egger Moths--The Yorkshire Dales--Ciss, Cissle, &c.--\n    Inn Signs, &c.--Smiths and Robinsons--Coin of\n    Carausius--Verelst the Painter--Latin Treatise on\n    whipping School-boys--Whitewashing in Churches--Surname\n    \"Kynoch\"--Dates of published Works--Saw-dust Recipe        148\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Branks, or Gossips' Bridles--\n    Not caring a Fig for anything--B. C. Y.--Earl Nugent's\n    Poems--Huntbach MSS.--Holy Loaf Money--St. Philip's,\n    Bristol--Foreign Universities                              149\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Death-warnings in Ancient Families, by C. Mansfield Ingleby  150\n\n  Starvation, by N. L. Melville, &c.                           151\n\n  Osmotherley in Yorkshire, by T. Gill                         152\n\n  Echo Poetry, by Jas. J. Scott                                153\n\n  Blackguard                                                   153\n\n  \"Wurm,\" in Modern German--Passage in Schiller's\n    \"Wallenstein\"                                              154\n\n  Was Shakspeare descended from a Landed Proprietor?\n    by H. Gole, &c.                                            154\n\n  Lord Fairfax                                                 156\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Lyte on Collodion--\n    Dr. Diamond on Sensitive Collodion                         156\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Portrait of Alva--Lord Mayor\n    of London not a Privy Councillor--New Zealander and\n    Westminster Bridge--Cui Bono--Barrels Regiment--Sir\n    Matthew Hale--Scotch Grievance--\"Merciful Judgments of\n    High Church,\" &c.--Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester--\n    Fleet Prison--The Commons of Ireland previous to the\n    Union--\"Les Lettres Juives\"--Sir Philip Wentworth--\n    General Fraser--Namby-Pamby--The Word \"Miser\"--The\n    Forlorn Hope--Thornton Abbey--\"Quid facies,\" &c.--\n    Christ-Cross-Row--Sir Walter Scott, and his Quotations\n    from himself, &c.                                          158\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Notes on Books, &c.                                          162\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 163\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    163\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.--THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND DAGUERREOTYPES is\nnow open at the Gallery of the Society of British Artists, Suffolk Street,\nPall Mall, in the Morning from 10 A.M. to half-past 4 P.M., admission\n_1s._; and in the Evening from 7 to 10 P.M., admission 3d. Catalogue 6d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most\ncelebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of\nthe principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A\nPortrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea: Two extra Copies\nfor 10s.\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety\nof Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury\nto the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively\nemployed by\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price and Description of\nupwards of 100 articles consisting of\n\nPORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS\n\nLadies' Portmanteaus,\n\nDESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES and other travelling\nrequisites, Gratis on application or sent free by Post on receipt of Two\nStamps.\n\nMESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their\nTravelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new\nPortmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles\nof the kind ever produced.\n\nJ. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nRECENT DISCOVERIES AT NINEVEH.\n\nA LECTURE, illustrated by numerous Coloured Diagrams, will be given upon\nthe above subject by\n\nAUSTEN H. LAYARD, ESQ., D.C.L., M.P.,\n\nAt the Beaumont Institution, Beaumont Square, Mile End Road, on WEDNESDAY\nEVENING, Feb. 22nd, at a Quarter before Eight.\n\nThe Proceeds will be applied for the benefit of the Schools and other\nParochial Charities, of St. Thomas, Stepney, a district containing 11,000\npeople, who are mostly poor.\n\nTICKETS may be procured at Messrs. Hatchard's, 187. Piccadilly; Messrs.\nSeeley's, 2. Hanover Square, and 54. Fleet Street; Messrs. Rivingtons,\nWaterloo Place; Mann & Co., 39. Cornhill; and the Rev. W. Valentine, St.\nThomas', Stepney.\n\nPRICES.--East of Hall 1s.; Balcony, 2s. 6d.; Centre of Hall, 3s.; Reserved\nSeats, 5s.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThis Day, crown 8vo., 8s.\n\nA YEAR WITH THE TURKS. By WARINGTON SMYTH, M.A., With a Map, by J. W.\nLOWRY.\n\nLondon: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nGRIMM'S TEUTONIC WORKS.--Jacob Grimm's Deutsche Grammatik, 4 vols. 8vo.,\n1822-37 (published at 3l.), sewed, 2 Guineas. Grimm's Geschichte der\nDeutschen Sprache, 2 vols. 8vo., 1853, sewed, 10s.\n\nSold by QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square.\n\n*** QUARITCH'S CATALOGUES of Valuable, Rare, and Curious Works, many on\nPhilology, Oriental Literature, and the Fine Arts, &c., are published\nMonthly, and sent Gratis for a Year on prepayment of Twelve Postage Stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSPANISH Dictionaries, Grammars, and all the Principal Works of Spanish\nLiterature, sold by\n\nQUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square.\n\n*** Catalogues Gratis.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBIBLES in One Hundred various Oriental and European Languages constantly on\nSale by\n\nB. QUARITCH, Second-hand Oriental and Foreign Bookseller, 16. Castle\nStreet, Leicester Square.\n\n*** QUARITCH'S MONTHLY CATALOGUES Gratis, on prepayment of Twelve Stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFRENCH NOVELS by PAUL DE KOCK.\n\nSold by QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square.\n\n*** QUARITCH'S CATALOGUES of his Extensive Second-hand Stock of French\nWorks, Gratis.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{142}\n\nWORKS\n\nBY THE\n\nREV. DR. MAITLAND.\n\nTHE DARK AGES; being a Series of ESSAYS intended to illustrate the State of\nRELIGION and LITERATURE in the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Centuries.\nReprinted from the \"British Magazine,\" with Corrections, and some\nAdditions; uniformly with the present Volume. Third Edition. 10s. 6d.\n\nESSAYS on Subjects connected with the REFORMATION IN ENGLAND. Reprinted,\nwith Additions, from the \"British Magazine.\" 13s.\n\nERUVIN; or MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the NATURE,\nHISTORY, and DESTINY of MAN. Second Edition. In small 8vo. 5s.\n\nEIGHT ESSAYS on various Subjects. In small 8vo. 4s. 6d.\n\nA LETTER to the REV. DR. MILL, containing some STRICTURES on MR. FABER'S\nrecent Work, entitled \"The Ancient Vallenses and Albigenses.\" 8vo. 1s. 6d.\n\nTHE VOLUNTARY SYSTEM. New Edition. Small 8vo. 5s. 6d.\n\nNOTES on the CONTRIBUTIONS of the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND, M.A., Canon of\nDurham, to the New Edition of FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. In Three Parts: 1. On the\nMemoir of Fox, ascribed to his Son. 2. Puritan Thaumaturgy. 3. Historical\nAuthority of Fox. 8vo. 8s. 6d.\n\nREMARKS on the REV. S. R. CATTLEY'S DEFENCE of his Edition of FOX'S\nMARTYROLOGY. 8vo. 2s. 6d.\n\nTWELVE LETTERS ON FOX'S ACTS and MONUMENTS. Reprinted from the \"British\nMagazine.\" 8vo. 6s.\n\nA REVIEW of FOX'S HISTORY of the WALDENSES. 8vo. 1s. 6d.\n\nA LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D., Chaplain to His Grace the\nArchbishop of Canterbury; with STRICTURES on MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY. 8vo.\n1s. 6d.\n\nA SECOND LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D.: containing NOTES on\nMILNER'S HISTORY of the CHURCH in the FOURTH CENTURY. 8vo. 2s. 6d.\n\nA LETTER to the REV. JOHN KING, M.A., Incumbent of Christ's Church, Hull;\noccasioned by his PAMPHLET, entitled \"Maitland not authorised to censure\nMilner.\" 8vo. 2s. 6d.\n\nREMARKS on that Part of the REV. J. KING'S PAMPHLET, entitled \"Maitland not\nauthorised to censure Milner,\" which relates to the WALDENSES, including a\nReply to the REV. G. S. FABER'S SUPPLEMENT, entitled \"Reinerius and\nMaitland.\" 8vo. 2s. 6d.\n\nAn INDEX of such ENGLISH BOOKS printed before the year MDC. as are now in\nthe Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth. 8vo. 4s.\n\nRIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by\nSpecial Permission to\n\nTHE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.\n\nPSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the\nVery Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for\nFour Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the\nServices, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise System of Chanting,\nby J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat,\nin morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell\nStreet, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for\nthat amount; and, by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music\nWarehouses.\n\n    \"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our\n    Church and Cathedral Service.\"--_Times._\n\n    \"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this\n    country.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well\n    merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears.\"--_Musical\n    World._\n\n    \"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting\n    of a very superior character to any which has hitherto\n    appeared.\"--_John Bull._\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\nAlso, lately published,\n\nJ. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel\nRoyal St. James, price 2s.\n\nC. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.\n\nOne Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth, price 6s.\n\nTHE ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM; or, PORTFOLIO OF ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS:\nrelating to\n\n  Language, Literature, and Government.\n  Architecture and Sculpture.\n  Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Discoveries.\n  Articles of Dress, &c.\n  Titles, Dignities, &c.\n  Names, Trades, Professions.\n  Parliament, Laws, &c.\n  Universities and Religious Sects.\n  Epithets and Phrases.\n  Remarkable Customs.\n  Games, Field Sports.\n  Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.\n  Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.\n\nBy WILLIAM PULLEYN.\n\nThe Third Edition, revised and improved,\n\nBy MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ.\n\n    \"The additions to this book indicate the editor to be his father's own\n    son. He deals in folk lore, chronicles old customs and popular sayings,\n    and has an eye to all things curious and note-worthy. The book tells\n    everything.\"--_Gentleman's Magazine._\n\n    \"The book contains a vast amount of curious information and useful\n    memoranda.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"An invaluable manual of amusement and information.\"--_Morning\n    Chronicle._\n\n    \"This is a work of great practical usefulness. It is a _Notes and\n    Queries_ in miniature.... The revision which the present edition of it\n    has undergone has greatly enhanced its original value.\"--_Era._\n\nLondon: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, Gratis, and Post Free, Part II. (New Series) of\n\nA CATALOGUE OF USEFUL AND CURIOUS BOOKS, including an interesting\nCollection on the times of Charles I. and II.; also a fine selection of the\nWorks of Thomas Bewick; together with Autograph Letters, &c. On Sale by\nRICHARD JAMES BELL, 17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE\n\nTOPOGRAPHER & GENEALOGIST,\n\nEDITED BY\n\nJOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A.\n\n_The XIIIth Part of this Work is now published, price_ 3s. 6d.,\n_containing:_\n\nSome Account of the Manor of Apuldrefield, in the Parish of Cudham, Kent,\nby G. Steinman Steinman, Esq., F.S.A.\n\nPetition to Parliament from the Borough of Wotton Basset, in the reign of\nCharles I., relative to the right of the Burgesses to Free Common of\nPasture in Fasterne Great Park.\n\nMemoranda in Heraldry, from the MS. Pocket-books of Peter Le Neve, Norroy\nKing of Arms.\n\nWas William of Wykeham of the Family of Swalcliffe? By Charles Wykeham\nMartin, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.\n\nAccount of Sir Toby Caulfield rendered to the Irish Exchequer, relative to\nthe Chattel Property of the Earl of Tyrone and other fugitives from Ulster\nin the year 1616, communicated by James F. Ferguson, Esq., of the Exchequer\nRecord Office, Dublin.\n\nIndenture enumerating various Lands in Cirencester, 4 Hen. VII. (1489).\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTwo Volumes of this Work are now completed, which are published in cloth\nboards, price Two Guineas, or in Twelve Parts, price 3s. 6d. each. Among\nits more important articles are--\n\n    Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln, with Introductory Observations on\n    the Ancient Earldoms of England, by the Editor.\n\n    On the Connection of Arderne, or Arden, of Cheshire, with the Ardens of\n    Warwickshire. By George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., F.S.A.\n\n    Genealogical Declaration respecting the Family of Norres, written by\n    Sir William Norres, of Speke, co. Lane. in 1563; followed by an\n    abstract of charters, &c.\n\n    The Domestic Chronicle of Thomas Godfrey, Esq., of Winchelsea, &c.,\n    M.P., the father of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, finished in 1655.\n\n    Honywood Evidences, compiled previously to 1620, edited by B. W.\n    Greenfield, Esq.\n\n    The Descendants of Mary Honywood at her death in 1620.\n\n    Marriage Settlements of the Honywoods.\n\n    Pedigrees of the families of Arden or Arderne, Arundell of Aynho,\n    Babington, Barry, Bayley, Bowet, Browne, Burton of Coventry, Clarke,\n    Clerke, Clinton, Close, Dabridgecourt, Dakyns or Dakeynes, D'Oyly,\n    Drew, FitzAlan, Fitzherbert, Franceis, Fremingham, Gyll, Hammond,\n    Harlakenden, Heneage, Hirst, Honywood, Hodilow, Holman, Horde, Hustler,\n    Isley, Kirby, Kynnersley, Marche, Marston, Meynell, Norres, Peirae,\n    Pimpe, Plomer, Polhill or Polley, Pycheford, Pitchford, Pole or De la\n    Pole, Preston, Viscount Tarah, Thexton, Tregose, Turner of Kirkleatham,\n    Ufford, Walerand, Walton, and Yate.\n\n    The Genealogies of more than ninety families of Stockton-upon-Tees, by\n    Wm. D'Oyly Bayley, Esq., F.S.A.\n\n    Sepulchral Memorials of the English at Bruges and Caen.\n\n    Many original Charters, several Wills, and Funeral Certificates.\n\n    Survey, temp. Philip and Mary, of the Manors of Crosthole, Landren,\n    Landulph, Lightdurrant, Porpehan, and Tynton, in Cornwall; Aylesheare\n    and Whytford, co. Devon; Ewerne Courtenay, co. Dorset; Mudford and\n    Hinton, West Coker, and Stoke Courcy, co. Somerset; Rolleston, co.\n    Stafford; and Corton, co. Wilts.\n\n    Survey of the Marshes of the Medway, temp. Henry VIII.\n\n    A Description of Cleveland, addressed to Sir Thomas Chaloner, temp.\n    James I.\n\n    A Catalogue of the Monumental Brasses, ancient Monuments, and Painted\n    Glass existing in the Churches of Bedfordshire, with all Names and\n    Dates.\n\n    Catalogue of Sepulchral Monuments in Suffolk, throughout the hundreds\n    of Babergh, Blackbourn, Blything, Bosmere and Claydon, Carlford,\n    Colnies, Cosford, Hartismere, Hoxne, Town of Ipswich, Hundreds of\n    Lackford and Loes. By the late D. E. Davy, Esq. of Ufford.\n\n    Published by J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster;\n    where may be obtained, on application, a fuller abstract of the\n    contents of these volumes, and also of the \"Collectanea Topographica et\n    Genealogica,\" now complete in Eight Volumes.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{143}\n\n_LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1854._\n\nNotes.\n\nREMARKABLE IMPRINTS.\n\nMore than one pen has considered titles, dedications, and imprints worth a\nNote, and as there are still gleanings in their track, I take the liberty\nof sending you a few of the latter; some from my common-place book, others\nfrom the fountainheads on my own shelves, but all drawn at random, without\nmuch regard to classification or chronological arrangement.\n\nThe horrors of the Star Chamber and the Ecclesiastical Courts produced many\nextraordinary imprints, particularly to those seditious books of the\nPuritans, better known as the _Marprelate Family_; works which were printed\nby ambulatory presses, and circulated by unseen hands, now under the walls\nof Archiepiscopal Lambeth, and _presto_! (when the spy would lay his hands\nupon them) sprite-like, Martin re-appeared in the provinces! This game at\nhide and seek between the brave old Nonconformists and the Church, went on\nfor years without detection: but the readers of \"N. & Q.\" do not require\nfrom me the history of the Marprelate Faction, so well told already in the\n_Miscellanies of Literature_ and elsewhere; the animus of these towards the\nhierarchy will be sufficiently exhibited for my purpose in a few of their\nimprints. _An Almond for a Parrot_, for example, purports to be--\n\n    \"Imprynted at a place not farre from a place; by the Assignes of\n    Signior Some-body, and are to be soulde at his shoppe in Trouble-Knave\n    Street.\"\n\nAgain, _Oh read ouer D. John Bridges, for it is a worthy work_, is\n\n    \"Printed ouer sea, in Europe, within two forlongs of a Bouncing Priest,\n    at the Cost and Charges of Martin Marprelate, Gent, 1589.\"\n\n_The Return of the renowned Cavaliero Pasquill_ has the following\nextraordinary imprint:\n\n    \"If my breath be so hote that I burne my mouthe, I suppose I was\n    printed by Pepper Allie, 1589.\"\n\nThe original \"Marprelate\" was John Penri, who at last fell into the hands\nof his enemies, and was executed under circumstances of great barbarity in\nElizabeth's reign. \"Martin Junior,\" however, sprung up, and _The\nCounter-Cuffe_ to him is--\n\n    \"Printed between the Skye and the Grounde, wythin a Myle of an Oake,\n    and not many Fields off from the unpriuileged Presse of the Ass-ignes\n    of Martin Junior, 1589.\"\n\nThe virulency of this theological warfare died away in James's reign, but\nonly to be renewed with equal rancour in that of Charles, when Marprelatism\nwas again called into activity by the high-church freaks of Archbishop\nLaud. _Vox Borealis, or a Northerne Discoverie by way of Dialogue between\nJamie and Willie_, is an example of these later attacks upon the\noverbearing of the mitre, and affords the imprint--\n\n    \"Amidst the Babylonians. Printed by Margery Marprelate, in Thwack-Coat\n    Lane, at the Signe of the Crab-Tree Cudgell, without any privilege of\n    the Cater-Caps, 1641.\"\n\nOthers of this stamp will occur to your readers: this time the Puritans had\nthe best of the struggle, and ceased not to push their advantage until they\nbrought their enemy to the block.\n\nWhen the liberty of the press was imperfectly understood, the political\nsatirist had to tread warily; consequently we find that class of writers\nprotecting themselves by jocular or patriotic imprints. A satirical\npamphlet upon the late _Sicke Commons_ is \"Printed in the Happie Year\n1641.\" _A Letter from Nobody in the City to Nobody in the Country_ is\n\"Printed by Somebody, 1679.\" _Somebody's Answer_ is \"Printed for Anybody.\"\nThese were likely of such a tendency as would have rendered both author and\nprinter amenable to _somebody_, say Judge Jeffries. During the\nadministration of Sir Robert Walpole, there were many skirmishing satirists\nsupported by both ministry and people, such as James Miller, whose\npamphlet, _contra, Are these things so?_ is \"Printed for the perusal of all\nLovers of their Country, 1740.\" This was answered by the ministers'\nchampion, James Dance, _alias_ Love, in _Yes, they are!_ alike addressed to\nthe \"Lovers of their Country.\" _What of That?_ was the next of the series,\nbeing Miller's reply, who intimated this time that it was \"Printed, and to\nbe had of all True Hearts and Sound Bottoms.\"\n\nWhen there was a movement for an augmentation of the poor stipends of the\nScots Clergy in 1750, there came out a pamphlet under the title of _The\nPresbyterian Clergy seasonably detected_, 1751, which exceeds in\nscurrility, if possible, the famous or infamous, _Scotch Presbyterian\nEloquence Displayed_; both author and printer, however, had so much sense\nas to remain in the background, and the _thing_ purported to be \"Printed\nfor Mess John in Fleet Street.\" Under the title of _The Comical History of\nthe Marriage betwixt Heptarchus and Fergusia_, 1706[1], the Scots figured\nthe union of the Lord Heptarchus, or England, with the independent, but\ncoerced, damsel Fergusia, or Scotland; the discontented church of the\nlatter {144} finding that the former broke faith with her, could not help\ngiving way to occasional murmurings, and these found vent in (among others)\na poetical Presbyterian tract, entitled _Melancholy Sonnets, or Fergusia's\nComplaint upon Heptarchus_, in which the author reduced to rhyme the\naforesaid _Comical History_, adding thereto all the evils this ill-starred\nunion had entailed upon the land after thirty-five years' experience. This\ncurious production was \"Printed at Elguze? for Pedaneous, and sold by\nCircumferaneous, below the Zenith, 1741.\"[2] Charles II., when crowned at\nScone, took the solemn league and covenant; but not finding it convenient\nto carry out that part of his coronation oath, left the Presbyterians at\nthe Restoration in the lands of their enemies. To mark their sense of this\nbreach of faith, there was published a little book[3] describing the\ninauguration of the _young profligate_, which expressively purports to be\n\"Printed at Edinburgh in the Year of Covenant-breaking.\" The Scots folk had\nsuch a horror of anything of a deistical tendency, that John Goldie had to\npublish his _Essays, or an Attempt to distinguish true from false Religion_\n(popularly called \"Goldie's Bible\"), at Glasgow, \"Printed for the Author,\nand sold by him at Kilmarnock, 1779;\" neither printer nor bookseller would,\napparently, be identified with the _unclean thing_. Both churchmen and\ndissenters convey their exultations, or denouncements, upon political\nchanges, through the medium of imprints; and your correspondents who have\nbeen discussing that matter, will see in some of these that the \"Good Old\nCause\" may be \"all round the compass,\" as Captain Cuttle would say,\ndepending wholly upon the party spectacles through which you view it.\n_Legal Fundamental Liberty_, in an epistle from Selburne to Lenthal, is\n\"Reprinted in the Year of Hypocritical and Abominable Dissimulation, 1649;\"\non the other hand, _The Little Bible_ of that militant soldier Captain\nButler is \"Printed in the First Year of England's Liberty, 1649.\" _The Last\nWill and Testament of Sir John Presbyter_ is \"Printed in the Year of\nJubilee, 1647.\" _A New Meeting of Ghosts at Tyburn_, in which Oliver,\nBradshaw, and Peters figure, exhibits its royal tendency, being \"Printed in\nthe Year of the Rebellious Phanatick's Downfall, 1660.\" \"Printed at N.,\nwith Licence,\" is the cautious imprint of a republication of _Doleman's\nConference_ in 1681. _A proper Project to Startle Fools_ is \"Printed in a\nLand where Self's cry'd up, and Zeal's cry'd down, 1699.\" _The Impartial\nAccountant, wherein it is demonstratively made known how to pay the\nNational Debt, and that without a New Tax, or any Inconveniency to the\nPeople_, is \"Printed for a Proper Person,\" and, I may add, can be had of a\n_certain person_, if Mr. Gladstone will come down with an adequate\nconsideration for the secret! These accountants are all mysterious,--you\nwould think they were plotting to empty the treasury rather than to fill\nit; another says his _Essay Upon National Credit_ is \"Printed by A. R. in\nBond's Stables!\" Thomas Scott, the English minister at Utrecht, published,\namong other oddities, _Vox Coelis; or Newes from Heaven, being Imaginary\nConversations there between Henry VIII.(!), Edward VI, Prince Henrie, and\nothers_, \"Printed in Elysium, 1624.\" Edward Raban, an Englishman, who set\nup a press in the far north, published an edition of Lady Culros' _Godlie\nDreame_, and finding that no title commanded such respect among the canny\nScots as that of _Laird_, announced the book to be \"Imprinted at Aberdene,\nby E. R., Laird of Letters, 1644.\" _The Instructive Library_, containing a\nlist of apocryphal books, and a satire upon some theological authors of\nthat day, is \"Printed for the Man in the Moon, 1710.\" _The Oxford Sermon\nVersified_, by Jacob Gingle, Esq., is \"Printed by Tim. Atkins at Dr.\nSacheverell's Head, near St. Paul's, 1729.\" \"Printed, and to be had at the\nPamphlett Shops of London and Westminster,\" was a common way of circulating\nproductions of questionable morals or loyalty. The Chapmen, or\nFlying-Stationers, had many curious dodges of this kind to give a relish to\ntheir literary wares: _The Secret History of Queen Elizabeth and the Earl\nof Essex_ derived additional interest in the eyes of their country\ncustomers by its being \"Printed at Cologne for Will-with-the-Wisp, at the\nSign of the Moon in the Ecliptic, 1767.\" The Poems of that hard-headed\nJacobite, Alexander Robertson of Struan, are \"Printed at Edinburgh for\nCharles Alexander, and sold at his house in Geddes Close, where Subscribers\nmay call for their Copies, circa 1750.\"[4] _The New Dialogues of the Dead_\nare \"Printed for D. Y., at the foot of Parnassus Hill, 1684.\" Professor\nTenant's poem of _Papistry Stormed_ imitates the old typographers, it being\n\"Imprentit at Edinbrogh be Oliver and Boyd, anno 1827.\" A rare old book is\nGoddard's {145} _Mastiffe Whelpe_, \"Imprinted amongst the Antipodes, and\nare to be sould where they are to be bought.\" Another, by the same author,\nis a _Satirical Dialogue_, \"Imprinted in the Low Countreyes for all such\nGentlemen as are not altogether idle, nor yet well occupyed.\" These were\nboth, I believe, libels upon the fair sex. John Stewart, otherwise _Walking\nStewart_, was in the habit of dating his extraordinary publications \"In the\nyear of Man's Retrospective Knowledge, by Astronomical Calculation, 5000;\"\n\"In the 7000 year of Astronomical History in the Chinese Tables;\" and \"In\nthe Fifth Year of Intellectual Existence.\" \"Mulberry Hill, Printed at Crazy\nCastle,\" is an imprint of J. H. Stevenson. _The Button Makers' Jests_, by\nGeo. King. of St. James', is \"Printed for Henry Frederick, near St. James'\nSquare;\" a coarse squib upon royalty. One Fisher entitled his play _Thou\nshall not Steal; the School of Ingratitude_. Thinking the managers of Drury\nLane had communicated his performance, under the latter name, to Reynolds\nthe dramatist, and then rejected it, he published it thus: \"Printed for the\ncurious and literary--shall we say? Coincidence! refused by the Managers,\nand made use of in the Farce of 'Good Living,'\" published by Reynolds in\n1797. _Harlequin Premier, as it is daily acted_, is a hit at the ministry\nof the period, \"Printed at Brentafordia, Capital of Barataria, and sold by\nall the Booksellers in the Province, 1769.\" \"Printed Merrily, and may be\nread Unhappily, betwixt Hawke and Buzzard, 1641,\" is the _satisfactory_\nimprint of _The Downefall of temporising Poets, unlicensed Printers,\nupstart Booksellers, tooting Mercuries, and bawling Hawkers_. Books have\nsometimes been published for behoof of particular individuals; old Daniel\nRodgers, in his _Matrimonial Honour_, announces \"A Part of the Impression\nto be vended for the use and benefit of Ed. Minsheu, Gent., 1650.\" How full\nof interest is the following, \"Printed at Sheffield by James Montgomery, in\nthe Hart's Head, 1795!\" A poor man, by name J. R. Adam, meeting with\nreverses, enlisted, and after serving abroad for a period, returned but to\nexchange the barrack-room for the Glasgow Lunatic Asylum. Possessing a\npoetical vein, he indulged it here in soothing his own and his companions'\nmisery, by circulating his verses on detached scraps, printed by himself.\nThese on his enlargement he collected together, and gave to the world in\n1845, under the title of the _Gartnavel Minstrel_, a neat little square\nvolume of 104 pages, exceedingly well executed, and bearing the imprint\n\"Glasgow, composed, printed, and published by J. R. Adam;\" under any\ncircumstances a most creditable specimen, but under those I have described\n\"a _rara avis_ in literature and art.\"\n\nThe list might be spun out, but I fear I have exceeded limits already with\nmy dry subject.\n\nJ. O.\n\n[Footnote 1: G. Chalmers ascribed this to one \"Balantyne.\" In Lockhart's\n_Memoirs_, Lond. 1714, Mr. John Balantyne, the minister of Lanark, is\nnoticed as the most uncompromising opponent of the Union. I shall therefore\nassign the _Comical History_ to him until I find a better claimant.]\n\n[Footnote 2: This resembles in its doggrel style _Scotland's Glory and her\nShame_, and _A Poem on the Burgess Oath_. Can any of your correspondents,\nfamiliar with Scottish typographical curiosities, tell me who was the\nauthor, or authors, of these?]\n\n[Footnote 3: _A Phoenix, or the Solemn League and Covenant, &c._, 12mo. pp.\n168, with a frontispiece representing Charles burning the book of the\nSolemn League and Covenant, above the flames from which hovers a phoenix.]\n\n[Footnote 4: I have not met with the name of such a bookseller elsewhere,\nand would like to hear the history of this book; it was again published\nwith the addition of _The Martial Achievements of the Robertsons of\nStruan_, and in imitation of the original is printed at Edinburgh by and\nfor Alexander Robertson, in Morison's Close, where subscribers may call for\ntheir copies (1785?).]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLEGENDS OF THE CO. CLARE.\n\nIn the west of Clare, for many miles the country seems to consist of\nnothing but fields of grey limestone flags, which gives it an appearance of\nthe greatest desolation: Cromwell is reported to have said of it, \"that\nthere was neither wood in it to hang a man, nor water to drown him, nor\nearth to bury him!\" The soil is not, however, by any means as barren as it\nlooks; and the following legend is related of the way in which an ancestor\nof one of the most extensive landed proprietors in the county obtained his\nestates.\n\n'Twas on a dismal evening in the depth of winter, that one of Cromwell's\nofficers was passing through this part of the country; his courage and\ngallantry in the \"good cause\" had obtained for him a large grant of land in\nClare, and he was now on his journey to it. Picturing to himself a land\nflowing with milk and honey, his disappointment may therefore be imagined\nwhen, at the close of a weary day's journey, he found himself bewildered\namid such a scene of desolation. From the inquiries he had made at the last\ninhabited place he had passed, he was led to conclude that he could not be\nfar distant from the \"land of promise,\" where he might turn his sword into\na pruning-hook, and rest from all his toils and dangers. Could this be the\nplace of which his imagination had formed so fair a vision? Hours had\nelapsed since he had seen a human being; and, as the solitude added to the\ndismal appearance of the road, bitterly did the veteran curse the folly\nthat had enticed him into the land of bogs and \"Papistrie.\" Troublous\ntherefore as the times were, the tramp of an approaching steed sent a\nthrill of pleasure through the heart of the Puritan. The rider soon joined\nhim, and as he seemed peaceably disposed, they entered into conversation;\nand the stranger soon became acquainted with the old soldier's errand, and\nthe disappointment he had experienced. Artfully taking advantage of the\noccasion, the stranger, who professed an acquaintance with the country,\nused every means to aggravate the disgust of his fellow-traveller, till the\nheart of the Cromwellian, already half overcome by fatigue and hunger, sank\nwithin him; and at last he agreed that the land should be transferred to\nthe stranger for a butt of Claret and the horse on which he rode. As soon\nas this important matter was settled, the stranger conducted his new friend\nto a house of entertainment in a neighbouring hamlet, whose ruins are still\ncalled the Claret House of K----. A plentiful, though coarse, entertainment\nsoon smoked on the board; and as the eye of the Puritan wandered over the\n\"creature comforts,\" his heart rose, and he forgot his disappointment and\nhis fatigue. It is even said that he dispensed with nearly ten of the\ntwenty minutes which he usually bestowed on the benediction; {146} but be\nthis as it may, ere he retired to his couch--\"vino ciboque gravatus\"--the\narticles were signed, and the courteous stranger became possessed of one of\nthe finest estates in the county!\n\nFRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCANTING ARMS.\n\nIn the introduction to a work entitled _A Collection of Coats of Arms borne\nby the Nobility and Gentry of the County of Gloucester_, London, J. Good,\n159. New Bond Street, 1792, and which I believe was written by Sir George\nNayler, it is asserted that--\n\n    \"_Armes parlantes_, or canting arms, were not common till the\n    commencement of the seventeenth century, when they prevailed under the\n    auspices of King James.\"\n\nNow doubtless they were _more_ common in the seventeenth century, but I am\nof opinion that there are many instances of them _centuries_ previous to\nthe reign of King James; as, for example, in a roll of arms of the time of\nEdward II. (A.D. 1308-14), published by Sir Harris Nicolas from a\nmanuscript in the British Museum, there are the following:\n\n    \"Sire Peres Corbet, d'or, \u00e0 un _corbyn_ de sable.\n\n    Sire Johan le Fauconer, d'argent, \u00e0 iii _faucouns_ de goules.\n\n    Sire Johan Heroun, d'azure, \u00e0 iii _herouns_ d'argent.\n\n    Sire Richard de Cokfeld, d'azure, \u00e0 une crois e iiii _coks_ d'or.\n\n    Sire Richard de Barlingham, de goules, \u00e0 iii ours (_bears_) d'argent.\n\n    Sire Johan de Swyneford, d'argent, \u00e0 un cheveroun de sable, \u00e0 iii\n    testes de _cenglers_ (_swines' heads_) d'or.\"\n\nSire Ammon de Lucy bore three _luces_; Sire William Bernak a fers between\nthree barnacles, &c. There are many other examples in the same work, but as\nI think I have made my communication quite long enough, I forbear giving\nthem.\n\nCID.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Selleridge._--The story of the author who was charged by his publisher for\n_selleridge_, and thought it for selling his books, whereas it was storing\nthem in a cellar, is given by Thomas Moore in his _Diary_, lately\npublished, upon the authority of Coleridge. It is to be found, much better\ntold, in Coleridge's _Biographia Literaria_.\n\nUNEDA.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_Tombs of Bishops._--The following bishops, whose bodies were interred\nelsewhere, had or have tombs in the several cathedrals in which their\nhearts were buried:--William de Longchamp, William de Kilkenny, Cardinal\nLouis de Luxembourg, at Ely; Peter de Aqu\u00e2 Blanc\u00e2, at Aquablanca, in Savoy;\nThomas Cantilupe, at Ashridge, Bucks (Hereford); Ethelmar (Winton), at\nWinchester; Thomas Savage (York), at Macclesfield; Robert Stichelles\n(Durham), at Durham.\n\nMACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.\n\nDurham.\n\n_Lines on visiting the Portico of Beau Nash's Palace, Bath._--\n\n  And here he liv'd, and here he reign'd,\n    And hither oft shall strangers stray;\n  To muse with joy on native worth,\n    And mourn those pleasures fled for aye.\n\n  Alas! that he, whose days were spent\n    In catering for the public weal,\n  Should, in the eventide of life,\n    Be destin'd sad distress to feel.\n\n  An ever open heart and hand,\n    With ear ne'er closed to sorrow's tale,\n  Exalts the man, and o'er his faults\n    Draws the impenetrable veil.\n\nL. M. THORNTON.\n\nBath.\n\n_Acrostic in Ash Church, Kent._--The following acrostic is from a brass in\nAsh Church, Kent. It is perhaps curious only from the fact of its being\nunusual to inscribe this kind of verse on sepulchral monuments. The capital\nletters at the commencement of each line are given as in the original:\n\n     \"J   John Brooke of the parish of Ashe\n      O   Only he is nowe gone.\n      H   His days are past, his corps is layd\n      N   Now under this marble stone.\n\n      B   Brookstrete he was the honor of,\n      R   Robd now it is of name,\n      O   Only because he had no sede\n      O   Or children to have the same;\n      K   Knowing that all must passe away,\n      E   Even when God will, none can denay.\n\n \"He passed to God in the yere of Grace\n  One thousand fyve hundredth ffower score and two it was,\n  The sixteenthe daye of January, I tell now playne,\n  The five-and-twentieth yere of Elizabeth rayne.\"\n\nFRAS. BRENT.\n\nSandgate.\n\n_A Hint to Publishers._--The present period is remarkable for its numerous\nreprints of our poets and standard writers. However excellent these may be,\nthere is often a great drawback, viz. that one must purchase an author's\nentire works, and cannot get a favourite poem or treatise separately.\n\nWhat I would suggest is, that a separate title-page be prefixed to every\npoem or treatise in an {147} author's works, and that they be sold\ncollectively or separately at the purchaser's option. Thus few would\nencumber themselves with the entire works of Dryden, but many would gladly\npurchase some of his poems if they could be had separately.\n\nThese remarks are still more applicable to encyclop\u00e6dias. The _Encycl.\nMetropol._ was a step in the right direction; and henceforth we may hope to\nhave each article sold separately in _octavo_ volumes. Is there no chance,\namid all these reprints, of our seeing Heywood, Crashaw, Southwell,\nHabington, Daniel, or Drummond of Hawthornden?\n\nMARICONDA.\n\n_Uhland, the German Poet._--Mr. Mitchell, in his speech at New York, is\nsaid to have stated that Uhland, the German poet, had become an exile, and\nwas now in Ohio. This is a mistake; for Uhland is now living in his native\nW\u00fcrtemberg, and is reported in the papers to have quite recently declined a\ncivic honour proposed to be conferred on him by the King of Prussia at the\nsuggestion of Baron Humboldt.\n\nJ. M.\n\nOxford.\n\n_Virgilian Inscription for an Infant School._--\n\n \"... Audit\u00e6 voces, vagitus et ingens,\n  Infantumque anim\u00e6 flentes, in limine primo.\"\n                          _\u00c6n._ VI. 426.\n\nANON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nTHE SHIPPEN FAMILY--JOHN WHITE.\n\nThe Historical Society of Pennsylvania having requested me to edit certain\nMSS., I should be very much indebted to any one for information, either\nthrough your columns, or addressed to me directly, concerning the following\npersons or their ancestry.\n\nEdward Shippen, son of William, born in Yorkshire, near Pontefract or\nWakefield, as supposed, 1639; emigrated to Boston 1670, was a member of the\nAncient and Honourable Artillery Company, afterwards turned Quaker, was\npublicly whipt for his faith (see Thomas Story's _Journal_, quoted in\nSouthey's _Common-Place Book_), removed to Philadelphia, elected Speaker\n1695, first mayor 1701, &c., died 1712. His son's family Bible entries (now\nin possession of Colonel Jno. Hare Powel) say that his (the son's)\nrelations in England were his \"uncle William's children,\" viz. Robert\nShippen, Doctor of Divinity; William Shippen, Doctor of Laws and a\nparliament man; Edward, a physician; John, a Spanish merchant.\n\nThe uncle William thus mentioned is conjectured to have been the Rector of\nStockport, and the \"parliament man\" to have been his son, \"downright\nShippen\" (Lord Mahon's _Hist. Eng._, three vols.)--a conjecture\nstrengthened by another mem., \"John, son of the Rector of St. Mary's\nparish, Stockport, was baptized July 5, A.D. 1678.\n\nEdward Shippen's daughter, Margaret, married John Jekyll, collector of the\nport of Boston, said to have been a younger brother of Sir Joseph; and a\ndescendant, daughter of Chief Justice Shippen, married General Benedict\nArnold, then a distinguished officer in the American army.\n\nMr. Shippen lived in great style (Watson's _Annals_, &c.), and among his\ndescendants were, and are, many persons of consequence and distinction.\n\nBesides information as to Mr. Shippen's ancestors, I should be glad to\nlearn something of his kinsfolk, and of the Jekyll and Arnold branches.\nSabine's (_Loyalists_) account of the latter is imperfect, and perhaps not\nvery just.\n\nJohn White, Chief Justice Shippen, whilst a law student in London, writes,\n1748-50, as though Mr. White was socially a man of dignified position. He\nwas a man of large fortune; his sister married San. Swift, who emigrated to\nthis state. His portrait, by Reynolds, represents a gentleman past middle\nage, whose costume and appearance are those of a person of refined and\nelegant education. His letters were destroyed by fire some years since. The\nChina and silver ware, which belonged to him, have the following arms:\n\"Gules, a border sable, charged with seven or eight estoiles gold; on a\ncanton ermines a lion rampant sable. Crest, a bird, either a stork, a\nheron, or an ostrich.\" The copy inclosed is taken from the arms on the\nchina; but our Heralds' College (_i.e._ an intelligent engraver, who gave\nme the foregoing description) says, that on the silver the crest is \"a\nstork close.\"\n\nTHOS. BALCH.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS ISSUED IN PARTS AND NOT COMPLETED.\n\nFrom time to time various productions, many valuable, others the reverse,\nhave issued from the press in parts or numbers; some have been completed,\nwhile others have only reached a few numbers. It would be desirable to\nascertain what works have been finished, and what have not. I have\ntherefore transmitted a note as to several that have fallen in my way, and\nshould be happy for any information about them:\n\n    \"1. John Bull Magazine, 8vo., London, 1824. Of this I possess four\n    numbers. A friend of mine has also the four numbers, and, like myself,\n    attaches great value to them, from the ability of many of the articles.\n    One article, entitled \"Instructions to Missionaries,\" is equal to any\n    thing from the pen of T. Hood. May it not have been written by him?\n    {148}\n\n    2. Portraits of the Worthies of Westminster Hall, with their\n    Autographs, being Fac-Similes of Original Sketches found in the\n    Note-Book of a Briefless Barrister. London: Thomas and William Boone,\n    480. Strand. Small 8vo.\n\n    Part I. Price Twenty Shillings. Twenty Sketches (very clever).\n\n    3. Dictionary of Terms employed by the French in Anatomy, Physiology,\n    Pathology, &c., by Shirley Palmer, M.D. 8vo., 1834. Birmingham: Barlow.\n    London: Longman & Co. Two Parts. Stops at the letter H.\n\n    4. Quarterly Biographical Magazine, No. I., May, 1838. 8vo. London:\n    Hunt & Hart.\n\n    5. Complete Illustrations of the British Fresh-water Fishes. London: W.\n    Wood. 8vo. Three Numbers.\n\n    6. New and Compendious History of the County of Warwick, &c. By William\n    Smith, F.R.S.A. 4to. Birmingham: W. Evans. London: J. T. Hinton, 4.\n    Warwick Square. 1829. Ten Numbers, to be completed in Twelve. On my\n    copy there is written, \"Never finished.\" Is this the case?\n\n    7. Fishes of Ceylon. By John Whitchurch Bennet, Esq., F.H.S. London:\n    Longman & Co. 1828. 4to. Two Numbers. A Guinea each.\n\nJ. M.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n\"_Hovd Maet of Laet._\"--Will you kindly give me a translation of the above,\nwhich is in the corner of an old Dutch panel painting in the style of\nOstade and Teniers, jun., in my possession?\n\nREADING.\n\n_Hand in Church_ (Vol. viii., p. 454.).--What is the hand projecting under\nchancel arch, Brighton old church?\n\nA. C.\n\n_Egger Moths._--What is the derivation of the word \"egger,\" as applied to\nseveral species of moths?\n\nMOUNTJOY.\n\n_The Yorkshire Dales_ (Vol. ii., p. 220.).--Is the Guide to the above by J.\nH. Dixon published?\n\nR. W. D.\n\n_Ciss, Cissle, &c._--Can any of your readers give me any authority for a\nwritten usage of these words, or any one of them: _ciss_, _siss_, _cissle_\nor _cizzle_? They are often heard, but I have never seen them written, nor\ncan I find them in any dictionary.\n\nA.\n\n_Inn Signs, &c._--Can any reader of \"N. & Q.\" supply information respecting\ninn and other signs; or refer to any printed books, or accessible MSS.,\nrelating to the subject?\n\nALPHEGE.\n\n_Smiths and Robinsons._--Could any of your correspondents inform me what\nare the arms of Miles Smith, Bishop of Gloucester, those of the Smiths of\nWilloughby, those of the Smiths of Crudely, in Lancashire, and those of the\nRobinsons of the North Riding of Yorkshire? Also, in what church, and in\nwhat year, did Lady Elizabeth Robinson, otherwise known as Betty of the\nBoith, serve the office of churchwarden?\n\nJOHN H. R. SMITH, JUN.\n\n_Coin of Carausius._--A brass coin has lately come into my possession,\nbearing on the obverse the head and inscription:\n\n    \"IMP. CARAVSIUS. P. P. AVG.\"\n\nAnd on the reverse, a female figure, with spear and a branch:\n\n    \"PAX. AUG. S. P. MLXXI.\"\n\nI believe it to have been struck by Carausius, an usurper of the end of the\nthird century, and my Query is as to the meaning of the letters MLXXI. Some\nfriends assert them to be the Roman numerals, making the year 1071, and\nconclude it to have been struck at that date.\n\nC. G.\n\nPaddington.\n\n_Verelst the Painter._--Can any of your readers inform me who was Jo.\nVerelst? I have in my possession a picture bearing the signature, with the\naddition of P. 1714. The celebrated artists of that name mentioned in the\n_Dictionary of Painters_ cannot be the same.\n\nCELCRENA.\n\n_Latin Treatise on whipping School-boys._--What is the name of a modern\nLatin author, who has written a treatise on the antiquity of the practice\nof whipping school-boys? The work is alluded to in the _History of the\nFlagellants_, p. 134., edit. 1777, but the author's name is not given.\n\nBETULA.\n\nDublin.\n\n_Whitewashing in Churches._--Can any of your correspondents inform me at\nwhat period, and about what year it became the custom to cover over with\nwhitewash the many beautiful works of art, both in stone and wood, which\nhave of late years been brought to light in our cathedrals and churches in\nthe course of renovation?\n\nK.\n\n_Surname \"Kynoch.\"_--Can any of your correspondents supply any heraldic or\ngenealogical information regarding this name, a few families of which are\nto be found in Moray and Aberdeen shires, North Britain?\n\nJ.\n\n_Dates of published Works._--Is it possible to ascertain the exact time of\npublication of any book, for instance in the year 1724, either at\nStationers' Hall or elsewhere?\n\nD.\n\n_Saw-dust Recipe._--There is a recipe existing somewhere for converting\nsaw-dust into palatable {149} human food. Can you tell me what it is, or\nwhere it is to be found?\n\nG. D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Branks, or Gossips' Bridles._--Walton Church contains one of those strange\ninstruments with which our ancestors used to punish those dames who were\ntoo free with the use of their tongues. They were called hanks [branks], or\ngossips' bridles, and were intended to inclose the head, being fastened\nbehind by a padlock, and having attached to it a small piece of iron which\nliterally \"held the tongue.\" Thus accoutred, the unhappy culprit was\nmarched through the village till she gave unequivocal signs of repentance\nand humiliation. Can any one give some account of this curious instrument?\n\nGEORGE HODGES.\n\nOxford.\n\n    [Fosbroke says that \"the brank is a sugar-loaf cap made of iron\n    hooping, with a cross at top, and a flat piece projecting inwards to\n    lie upon the tongue. It was put upon the head of scolds, padlocked\n    behind, and a string annexed, by which a man led them through the\n    towns.\" (See also Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, vol. iii. p. 108.,\n    Bohn's edition.) Engravings of them will be found in Plot's _History of\n    Staffordshire_, p. 389., and in Brands _History of Newcastle_, vol. ii.\n    p. 192. In the _Historical Description of the Tower of London_, p. 54.,\n    edit. 1774, occurs the following libellous squib on the fair sex:\n    \"Among the curiosities of the Tower is a collar of torment, which, say\n    your conductors, used formerly to be put about the women's neck that\n    cuckolded their husbands, or scolded them when they came home late; but\n    that custom is left off now-a-days, to prevent quarrelling for collars,\n    there not being smiths enough to make them, as most married men are\n    sure to want them at one time or another.\" Waldron, in his _Description\n    of the Isle of Man_, p. 80., thus notices this instrument of\n    punishment: \"I know nothing in the Manx statutes or punishments in\n    particular but this, which is, that if any person be convicted of\n    uttering a scandalous report, and cannot make good the assertion,\n    instead of being fined or imprisoned, they are sentenced to stand in\n    the market-place, on a sort of scaffold erected for that purpose, with\n    their tongue in a noose made of leather, which they call a _bridle_,\n    and having been exposed to the view of the people for some time, on the\n    taking off this machine, they are obliged to say three times, 'Tongue,\n    thou hast lyed.'\"]\n\n_Not caring a Fig for anything._--What is the origin of this expression?\n\nJ. H. CHATEAU.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n    [Nares informs us that the real origin of this expression may be found\n    in Stevens and Pineda's Dictionaries under _Higa_; and, in fact, the\n    same phrase and allusion pervaded all modern Europe: as, _Far le\n    fiche_, Ital.; _Faire la figue_, Fr.; _Die Feigen weisen_, Germ., _De\n    v\u00ffghe setten_, Dutch. (See Du Cange, in _Ficha_.) Johnson says, \"To\n    _fig_, in Spanish, _higas dar_, is to insult by putting the thumb\n    between the fore and middle finger. From this Spanish custom we yet say\n    in contempt, _A fig for you_.\" To this explanation Mr. Douce has added\n    the following note: \"Dr. Johnson has properly explained this phrase;\n    but it should be added, that it is of Italian origin. When the Milanese\n    revolted against the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, they placed the\n    Empress his wife upon a mule with her head towards the tail, and\n    ignominiously expelled her their city. Frederick afterwards besieged\n    and took the place, and compelled every one of his prisoners, on pain\n    of death, to take with his teeth a _fig_ from the posteriors of a mule.\n    The party was at the same time obliged to repeat to the executioner the\n    words _Ecco la fica_. From this circumstance _far la fica_ became a\n    term of derision, and was adopted by other nations. The French say\n    likewise, _faire la figue_.\"]\n\n_B. C. Y._--Can you give me any information respecting the famous B. C. Y.\nrow, as it was called, which occurred about fifty years ago? A newspaper\nwas started expressly to explain the meaning of the letters, which said it\nwas \"Beware of the Catholic Yoke;\" but it was wrong.\n\nH. Y.\n\n    [These \"No-Popery\" hieroglyphics first appeared in the reign of Charles\n    II. during the debates on the Exclusion Bill, and were chalked over all\n    parts of Whitehall and the Houses of Parliament. O B. C. Y. was then\n    the inscription, which meant, \"O Beware of Catholic York.\" On their\n    re-appearance in 1809 the Y. was much taller than the B. C.; but the\n    use and meaning at this time of these initials still remains a query.]\n\n_Earl Nugent's Poems._--I would be much obliged for any information\nrelating to the poems written by Robert, afterwards Earl Nugent, between\nthe years 1720 and 1780. It is supposed that they were first published in\nsome periodical, and afterwards appeared in a collected form.\n\nJAMES F. FERGUSON.\n\nDublin.\n\n    [A volume of his poems was published anonymously by Dodsley, and\n    entitled _Odes and Epistles_; containing an Ode on his own Conversion\n    from Popery: London, 1739, 8vo., 2nd edit. There are also other pieces\n    by him in Dodsley's Collection, and the _New Foundling Hospital for\n    Wit_. He also published _Faith_, a Poem; a strange attempt to overturn\n    the Epicurean doctrine by that of the Trinity; and _Verses to the\n    Queen_; with a New Year's Gift of Irish Manufacture, 1775, 4to.]\n\n_Huntbach MSS._--Can you tell me where the Huntbach MSS. now lie? Shaw, in\nhis _History of Staffordshire_, drew largely from them.\n\nURSUS.\n\n    [Dr. Wilkes's Collections, with those of Fielde, Huntbach, Loxdale, and\n    Shaw, as also the engraved plates and drawings, published and\n    unpublished, relative to the _History of Staffordshire_, were, in the\n    year 1820, in the possession of William Hamper, F.S.A., Deritend House,\n    Birmingham.]\n\n{150}\n\n_Holy Loaf Money._--In Dr. Whitaker's _Whalley_, p. 149., mention is made\nof holy loaf money. What is meant by this?\n\nT. I. W.\n\n    [This seems to be some ecclesiastical due payable on Hlaf-mass, or\n    Loaf-mass, commonly called Lammas-Day (August 1st). See Somner and\n    Junius. It was called Loaf or Bread-mass, because it was a day of\n    oblation of grain, or of bread made of new wheat; and was also the\n    holiday of St. Peter ad Vincula, when Peter-pence were paid. Du Cange\n    likewise mentions the _Panis benedictus_, and that money was given by\n    the recipients of it on the following occasion:--\"Since the\n    catechumens,\" says he, \"before baptism could neither partake of the\n    Divine Mysteries, nor consequently of the Eucharist, a loaf was\n    consecrated and given to them by the priest, whereby they were prepared\n    for receiving the body of Christ.\"]\n\n_St. Philip's, Bristol._--Can you inform me when the Church of St. Philip,\nBristol, was made parochial, and in what year the Priory of Benedictines,\nmentioned by William de Worcester in connexion with this church, was\ndissolved, and when founded?\n\nE. W. GODWIN.\n\n    [Neither Dugdale nor Tanner could discover any notices of this priory,\n    except the traditionary account preserved in William of Worcester, p.\n    20.: \"---- juxta Cimiterium et Ecclesiam Sancti Philippi, ubi quondam\n    ecclesia religiosorum et Prioratus scituatur.\" It was probably a cell\n    to the Tewkesbury monastery; and the historians of Bristol state, that\n    the exact time when it became parochial is not known; but it was very\n    early, being mentioned in Gaunt's deeds before the year 1200; and, like\n    St. James's, became a parish church through the accession of\n    inhabitants.]\n\n_Foreign Universities._--Is there any history of the University of Bologna?\nor where can be found any account of the foundation and constitution of the\nforeign universities in general?\n\nJ. C. H. R.\n\n    [Our correspondent will find some account of the foreign universities,\n    especially of Bologna, in the valuable article \"Universities,\"\n    _Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica_, vol. xxi., with numerous references to other\n    works containing notices of them. Consult also \"A Discovrse not\n    altogether vnprofitable nor vnpleasant for such as are desirous to know\n    the Situation and Customes of Forraine Cities without trauelling to see\n    them: containing a Discovrse of all those Citties which doe flourish at\n    this Day priuiledged Vniuersities. By Samuel Lewkenor. London, 1594,\n    4to.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nDEATH-WARNINGS IN ANCIENT FAMILIES.\n\n(Vol. ix. p. 55.)\n\nThe remarks of JOHN O' THE FORD of Malta deserve to be followed up by all\nyour correspondents who, at least, admit the possibility of \"communications\nwith the unseen world.\" In order to facilitate the acquisition of the\nrequisite amount of facts, I beg to apprise JOHN O' THE FORD, and your\nother correspondents and readers generally, that a Society was founded\nabout a year ago, and is now in existence, composed of members of the\nUniversity of Cambridge; the objects of which will be best gleaned from the\nfollowing extract from the Prospectus:\n\n    \"The interest and importance of a serious and earnest inquiry into the\n    nature of the phenomena which are vaguely called 'supernatural,' will\n    scarcely be questioned. Many persons believe that all such apparently\n    mysterious occurrences are due, either to purely natural causes, or to\n    delusions of the mind or senses, or to wilful deception. But there are\n    many others who believe it possible that the beings of the unseen world\n    may manifest themselves to us in extraordinary ways; and also are\n    unable otherwise to explain many facts, the evidence for which cannot\n    be impeached. Both parties have obviously a common interest in wishing\n    cases of supposed 'supernatural' agency to be thoroughly sifted.... The\n    main impediment to investigations of this kind is the difficulty of\n    obtaining a sufficient number of clear and well-attested cases. Many of\n    the stories current in tradition, or scattered up and down in books,\n    may be exactly true; others must be purely fictitious; others again,\n    probably the greater number, consist of a mixture of truth and\n    falsehood. But it is idle to examine the significance of an alleged\n    fact of this nature, until the trustworthiness, and also the extent of\n    the evidence for it, are ascertained. Impressed with this conviction,\n    some members of the University of Cambridge are anxious, if possible,\n    to form an extensive collection of authenticated cases of supposed\n    'supernatural' agency.... From all those who may be inclined to aid\n    them, they request written communications, with full details of\n    persons, times, and places.\"\n\nThe Prospectus closes with the following classification of phenomena:\n\n    \"I. Appearances of Angels. (1.) Good. (2) Evil.--II. Spectral\n    appearances of--(1.) The beholder himself (_e.g._ 'Fetches' or\n    'Doubles'). (2.) Other men, recognised or not. (i.) Before their death\n    (_e.g._ 'second sight.') (a.) To one person. (b.) To several persons.\n    (ii.) At the moment of their death. (a.) To one person. (b.) To several\n    persons. 1. In the same place. 2. In several places. i. Simultaneously.\n    ii. Successively. (iii.) After their death. In connexion with--(a.)\n    Particular places remarkable for--1. Good deeds. 2. Evil deeds. (b.)\n    Particular times (_e.g._ on the anniversary of any event, or at fixed\n    seasons). (c.) Particular events (_e.g._ before calamity or death).\n    (d.) Particular persons (_e.g._ haunted murderers).--III. 'Shapes'\n    falling under neither of the former classes. (1.) Recurrent. In\n    connexion with--(i.) Particular families (_e.g._ the 'Banshee'). (ii.)\n    Particular places (_e.g._ the 'Mawth Dog'). (2.) Occasional. (i.)\n    Visions signifying events, past, present, or future. (a.) By actual\n    representation (_e.g._ 'second sight'). (b.) By symbol. (ii.) Visions\n    of a fantastical nature.--IV. Dreams remarkable for {151} coincidences.\n    (1.) In their occurrence. (i.) To the same person several times. (ii.)\n    In the same form to several persons. (a.) Simultaneously. (b.)\n    Successively. (2.) With facts. (i.) Past. (a.) Previously unknown. (b.)\n    Formerly known, but forgotten. (ii.) Present, but unknown. (iii.)\n    Future.--V. Feelings. A definite consciousness of a fact. (1.) Past: an\n    impression that an event has happened. (2.) Present: sympathy with a\n    person suffering or acting at a distance. (3.) Future:\n    presentiment.--VI. Physical effects. (1.) Sounds. (i.) With the use of\n    ordinary means (_e.g._ ringing of bells). (ii.) Without the use of any\n    apparent means (_e.g._ voices). (2.) Impressions of touch (_e.g._\n    breathings on the person).\n\n    \"Every narrative of 'supernatural' agency which may be communicated,\n    will be rendered far more instructive if accompanied by any particulars\n    as to the observer's natural temperament (_e.g._ sanguine, nervous,\n    &c.), constitution (_e.g._ subject to fever, somnambulism, &c.), and\n    state at the time (_e.g._ excited in mind or body, &c.).\"\n\nAs I have no authority to give names, I can do no more than say that,\nthough not a member of the Society, I shall be happy to receive\ncommunications and forward them to the secretary.\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n    [_The Night Side of Nature_ would seem to indicate that its ingenious,\n    yet sober and judicious, authoress had forestalled the \"Folk-lore\"\n    investigations of the projected Cambridge Society. Probably some of its\n    members will not rest satisfied with a simple collection of phenomena\n    relating to communications with the unseen world, but will exclaim with\n    Hamlet--\n\n     \"Thou com'st in such a questionable shape,\n      That I will _speak_ to thee!\"\n\n    and will endeavour to ascertain the _philosophy_ of those\n    communications, as Newton did with the recorded data and phenomena of\n    the mechanical or material universe. Whether the transcripts of some of\n    the voluminous unpublished writings of Dionysius Andreas Freher,\n    deposited in the British Museum (Add. MSS. 5767-5792.), will assist the\n    inquirer in his investigations, we cannot confidently state; but in\n    them he will find continual references to what Jacob B\u00f6hme terms \"the\n    eternal and astral magic, or the laws, powers and properties of the\n    great Universal Will-Spirit of the two co-eternal worlds of darkness\n    and light, and of this third or temporary principle.\" Freher was the\n    principal illustrator of the writings of the celebrated Jacob B\u00f6hme,\n    now exciting so much interest among the German literati; and, if we may\n    credit William Law, it was from the principles of this remarkable man\n    that Sir Isaac Newton derived his theory of fundamental powers. (See\n    \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. viii., p. 247.) But on this and other matters we may\n    doubtless expect to be well informed by Sir David Brewster, in his new\n    \"Memoir of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton.\"\n    According to Law, the two-fold spiritual universe stands as near, and\n    in a similar relation to this material mixed world, of darkness and\n    light, evil and good, death and life, or rather the latter to the\n    former, as water does to the gases of which it is essentially\n    compounded.--ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSTARVATION.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 54.)\n\nUntil your correspondent Q. designated the word _starvation_ as \"an\nAmericanism,\" I never had the least suspicion that it was obtained from\nthat source. On the contrary, I remember to have heard some thirty or forty\nyears ago, that it was first employed by Harry Dundas, the first Viscount\nMelville, who might have spoken with a brogue, but whose despatches were in\ngood intelligible English. I once asked his son, the second Viscount, whose\ncorrectness must be fresh in the recollection of many of your readers, if\nthe above report was true, and he seemed to think that his father had\ncoined the word, and that it immediately got into general circulation. My\nimpression is, that it was already current during the great scarcity at the\nend of the last, and the commencement of this century; but the dictionary\nmakers, those \"who toil at the lower employments of life,\" as old Sam\nJohnson termed it, are not apt to be alert in seizing on fresh words, and\n\"starvation\" has shared in the general neglect.\n\nIf you permit me I will, however, afford them my humble aid, by\ntranscribing some omitted words which I find noted in a little Walker's\n_Dictionary_, printed in 1830, and which has been my companion in many\npilgrimages through many distant lands. Many of them may by this time have\nfound their way even into dictionaries, but I copy them as I find them.\n\n  Fiat.\n  Lichen.\n  Dawdle.\n  Compete (verb).\n  Starvation.\n  Cupel (_see_ test).\n  Stationery (writing materials).\n  Chubby.\n  Mister (form of address).\n  Iodine.\n  Disorganise.\n  Growl (substantive).\n  Avadavat (School for Scandal).\n  Apograph.\n  Flange.\n  Effete.\n  Jungle.\n  Celt (formed of touchstone).\n  Minivar.\n  Unhesitating.\n  Remittent.\n  Tannin.\n  Curry (substantive).\n  Uncompromised.\n  Duchess.\n  Resile (verb).\n  Gist.\n  Nascent.\n  Dictum.\n  Retinence.\n  Phonetic.\n  Lacun\u00e6.\n  Extradition.\n  Laches.\n  Fulcrum.\n  Statics.\n  \u00c6sthetical.\n  Complicity.\n\nN.L. MELVILLE.\n\nHowever \"strange it may appear, it is nevertheless quite true,\" that this\nword, \"_Starvation_ {152} (from the verb), state of perishing from cold or\nhunger,\" is to be found, and thus defined, in \"An Appendix to Dr. Johnson's\nEnglish Dictionary,\" published along with the latter, by William Maver, in\n2 vols. 8vo., Glasgow, 1809, now forty-five years ago. In his preface to\nthis Appendix he says:\n\n    \"In the compilation the editor is principally indebted to Mr. Mason,\n    whose labours in supplying the deficiencies of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary\n    have so much enriched the vocabulary of our language, that every\n    purchaser of the quarto edition should avail himself of a copy of Mr.\n    Mason's Supplement.\"\n\nWhether or not Mr. Maver drew the word \"starvation\" from Mr. Mason's\nSupplement, I cannot say; but from old date in the west of Scotland it has\nbeen, and is still, popularly and extensively used in the exact senses\ngiven to it by Mr. Maver as above. I think it much more likely to be of\nScottish than of American origin, and that Mr. Webster may have picked it\nup from some of our natives in this country.\n\nI may add, that in early life I often spoke with Mr. Maver, who was a most\nintelligent literary man. In 1809 he followed the business of a bookseller\nin Glasgow, but from some cause was not fortunate, and afterwards followed\nthat of a book auctioneer, and may be dead fully thirty years ago. His\nedition of, and Appendix to, Johnson were justly esteemed; the latter\n\"containing several thousand words omitted by Dr. Johnson, and such as have\nbeen introduced by good writers since his time,\" with \"the pronunciation\naccording to the present practice of the best orators and orthoepists\" of\nthe whole language.\n\nG. N.\n\nThis word was first introduced into the English language by Mr. Dundas, in\na debate in the House of Commons on American affairs, in 1775. From it he\nobtained the nick-name of \"Starvation Dundas.\" (Vide the _Correspondence\nbetween Horace Walpole and Mason_, vol. ii. pp. 177. 310. 396., edition\n1851.) The word is of irregular formation, the root starve being Old\nEnglish, while the termination _-ation_ is Latin.\n\nE. G. R.\n\nThe word may perhaps be originally American; but if the following anecdote\nbe correct, it was introduced into this country long before Webster\ncompiled his _Dictionary_:\n\n    \"The word _starvation_ was first introduced into the English language\n    by Mr. Dundas, in a speech in 1775 on an American debate, and hence\n    applied to him as a nickname, 'Starvation Dundas.' 'I shall not,' said\n    he, 'wait for the advent of starvation from Edinburgh to settle my\n    judgment.'\"--_Letters of Horace Walpole and Mason_, vol. ii. p. 396.\n\nJ. R. M., M.A.\n\nThroughout this part of the country, \"starved\" always refers to cold, never\nto hunger. To express the latter the word \"hungered\" is always used: thus,\nmany were \"like to have been hungered\" in the late severe weather and hard\ntimes. This is clearly the scriptural phrase \"an hungred.\" To \"starve\" is\nto perish; and it is a common expression in the south, \"I am quite perished\nwith cold;\" which answers to our northern one, \"I am quite starved.\"\n\nH. T. G.\n\nHull.\n\nI cannot ascertain the period of the adoption of the unhappily common word\n\"starvation\" in our language, but it is much older than your correspondent\nQ. supposes. It occurs in the _Rolliad_:\n\n \"'Tis but to fire another Sykes, to plan\n  Some new _starvation_ scheme for Hindostan.\"\n\nM.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOSMOTHERLEY IN YORKSHIRE.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 617.)\n\nR. W. CARTER gives an account of folk lore in reference to Osmotherley, and\nexpresses a desire to know if his statement is authentic. I have\nendeavoured to make myself acquainted with Yorkshire folk lore, and beg to\ninform MR. CARTER that his statement approaches as near the truth as\npossible. In my early days I frequently had recited to me, by a respectable\nfarmer who had been educated on the borders of Roseberry (and who obtained\nit from the rustics of the neighbourhood), a poetical legend, in which all\nthe particulars of this curious tradition are embodied. It is as follows:\n\n \"In Cleveland's vale a village stands,\n  Though no great prospect it commands;\n  As pleasantly for situation\n  As any village in the nation.\n  Great Ayton it is call'd by name;\n  But though I am no man of fame,\n  Yet do not take me for a fool,\n  Because I live near to this town;\n  But let us take a walk and see\n  This noted hill call'd Roseberry,\n  Compos'd of many a cragged stone,\n  Resembling all one solid cone,\n  Which, monumental-like, have stood\n  Ever since the days of Noah's flood.\n  Here cockles ... petrified,\n  As by the curious have been tried,\n  Have oft been found upon its top,\n 'Tis thought the Deluge had cast up.\n 'Tis mountains high (you may see that),\n  Though not compar'd with Ararat.\n  Yet oft at sea it doth appear,         }\n  To ships that northern climates steer, }\n  A land-mark, when the weather's clear. }\n  If many ships at sea there be,\n  A charming prospect then you'll see;\n  Don't think I fib, when this you're reading,\n  They look like sheep on mountains feeding.\n  {153}\n  Then turn your eyes on the other hand,\n  As pleasing views you may command.\n  For thirty miles or more, they say,      }\n  The country round you may survey,        }\n  When the air's serene and clear the day. }\n  There is a cave near to its top,\n  Vulgarly call'd the Cobbler's Shop,\n  By Nature form'd out of the rock,\n  And able to withstand a shock.\n  On the north side there is a well,\n  Relating which this Fame doth tell:\n  Prince Oswy had his nativity        }\n  Computed by astrology,              }\n  That he unnatural death should die. }\n  His mother to this well did fly     }\n  To save him from sad destiny;       }\n  But one day sleeping in the shade,\n  Supposing all secure was made,\n  Lo! sorrow soon gave place to joy;\n  This well sprung up and drown'd the boy.\"\n\nIt is confidently stated, in the neighbourhood of Osmotherley and\nRoseberry, that Prince Oswy and his mother were both interred at\nOsmotherley, from whence comes the name of the place, Os-by-his-mother-lay,\nor Osmotherley.\n\nTHOMAS GILL.\n\nEasingwold.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nECHO POETRY.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 51.)\n\nAs another and historically-interesting specimen of echo poetry, perhaps\nthe readers of \"N. & Q.\" may not dislike to see preserved in your pages the\nfollowing translation from the French. The original publication, it is\nsaid, exposed the bookseller, Palm of Nuremberg, to trial by court-martial.\nHe was sentenced to be shot at Braunau in 1807--a severe retribution for a\nfew lines of echo poetry. It is entitled\n\n \"_Bonaparte and the Echo._\n\n  _Bon._ Alone, I am in this sequestered spot not overheard.\n\n  _Echo._ Heard!\n\n  _Bon._ 'Sdeath! Who answers me? What being is there nigh?\n\n  _Echo._ I.\n\n  _Bon._ Now I guess! To report my accents Echo has made her task.\n\n  _Echo._ Ask.\n\n  _Bon._ Knowest thou whether London will henceforth continue to resist?\n\n  _Echo._ Resist.\n\n  _Bon._ Whether Vienna and other Courts will oppose me always?\n\n  _Echo._ Always.\n\n  _Bon._ O, Heaven! what must I expect after so many reverses?\n\n  _Echo._ Reverses.\n\n  _Bon._ What? should I, like a coward vile, to compound be reduced?\n\n  _Echo._ Reduced.\n\n  _Bon._ After so many bright exploits be forced to restitution?\n\n  _Echo._ Restitution.\n\n  _Bon._ Restitution of what I've got by true heroic feats and martial\n      address?\n\n  _Echo._ Yes.\n\n  _Bon._ What will be the fate of so much toil and trouble?\n\n  _Echo._ Trouble.\n\n  _Bon._ What will become of my people, already too unhappy?\n\n  _Echo._ Happy.\n\n  _Bon._ What should I then be, that I think myself immortal?\n\n  _Echo._ Mortal.\n\n  _Bon._ The whole world is filled with the glory of my name, you know.\n\n  _Echo._ No.\n\n  _Bon._ Formerly its fame struck this vast globe with terror.\n\n  _Echo._ Error.\n\n  _Bon._ Sad Echo, begone! I grow infuriate! I die!\n\n  _Echo._ Die!\"\n\nIt may be added that Napoleon himself (_Voice from St. Helena_, vol. i. p.\n432.), when asked about the execution of Palm, said:\n\n    \"All that I recollect is, that Palm was arrested by order of Davoust, I\n    believe, tried, condemned, and shot, for having, while the country was\n    in possession of the French and under military occupation, not only\n    excited rebellion amongst the inhabitants, and urged them to rise and\n    massacre the soldiers, but also attempted to instigate the soldiers\n    themselves to refuse obedience to their orders, and to mutiny against\n    their generals. _I believe_ that he met with a fair trial.\"\n\nJAS. J. SCOTT.\n\nHampstead.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBLACKGUARD.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 15.)\n\nIn a curious old pamphlet of twenty-three pages, entitled _Everybody's\nBusiness is Nobody's Business answer'd Paragraph by Paragraph_, by a\nCommittee of Women-Servants and Footmen, London, printed by T. Read for the\nauthor, and sold by the booksellers of London, and ... price one penny\n(without date), the following passage occurs:\n\n    \"The next great Abuse among us is, that under the Notion of cleaning\n    our Shoes, above ten Thousand Wicked, Idle, Pilfering Vagrants are\n    permitted to stroll about our City and Suburbs. These are called the\n    _Black-Guard_, who Black your Honour's Shoes, and incorporate\n    themselves under the Title of the _Worshipful Company of Japanners_.\n    But the Subject is so low that it becomes disagreeable even to myself;\n    give me leave therefore to propose a Way to clear the streets of those\n    Vermin, and to substitute as many honest and industrious persons in\n    their stead, who are now starving for want of bread, while these\n    execrable {154} villains live (though in Rags and Nastiness) yet in\n    Plenty and Luxury.\"\n\n    \"A(nswer). _The next Abuse you see is_, Black your shoes, your Honour,\n    _and the_ Japanners _stick in his Stomach. We shall not take upon us to\n    answer for these pitiful Scrubs, but in his own words_; the Subject is\n    so low, that it becomes disagreeable even to us, _as it does_ even to\n    himself, _and he may_ clear the Streets of these Vermin _in what Manner\n    he pleases if the Law will give him leave, for we are in no want of\n    them; we are better provided for already in that respect by our Masters\n    and their Sons_.\"\n\nG. N.\n\nThe following lines by Charles, Earl of Dorset and Middlesex (the writer of\nthe famous old song \"To all you ladies now at land\"), are an instance of\nthe application of this term to the turbulent link-boys, against whom the\nproclamation quoted by MR. CUNNINGHAM was directed. Their date is probably\na short time before that of the proclamation:\n\n \"Belinda's sparkling wit and eyes,\n    United cast so fierce a light,\n  As quickly flashes, quickly dies;\n    Wounds not the heart, but burns the sight.\n  Love is all gentleness, Love is all joy;\n    Sweet are his looks, and soft his pace:\n  _Her_ Cupid _is a black-guard boy,_\n    _That runs his link full in your face_.\"\n\nF. E. E.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"WURM,\" IN MODERN GERMAN--PASSAGE IN SCHILLER'S \"WALLENSTEIN.\"\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 464. 624.; Vol. ix., p. 63.)\n\nI believe MR. KEIGHTLEY is perfectly right in his conjecture, so far as\nSchiller is concerned. _Wurm_, without any prefix, _had_ the sense of\nserpent in German. Adelung says it was used for all animals without feet\nwho move on their bellies, serpents among the rest. Schiller does not seem\nto have had Shakspeare in his thoughts, but the proverb quoted by Adelung:\n\n    \"Auch das friedlichste W\u00fcrmchen _beiszt_, wenn man es treten will.\"\n\nIn this proverb there is evidently an allusion to the serpent, as if of the\nsame nature with the worm; which, as _we_ know, neither _stings_ nor\n_bites_ the foot which treads on it. Shakspeare therefore says \"will turn,\"\nmaking a distinction, which Schiller does _not_ make. In the translation\nColeridge evidently had Shakspeare in his recollection; but he has not lost\nSchiller's idea, which gives the worm a serpent's _sting_. _Vermo_ is\napplied both by Dante and Ariosto to the Devil, as the \"great serpent:\"\n\n                     \"... I' mi presi\n  Al pel del _vermo_ reo, che 'l mondo fora.\"\n                          _Inferno_, C. XXXV.\n\n \"Che al gran _vermo_ infernal mette la briglia.\"\n              _Orlando furioso_, C. XLV. st. 84.\n\nE. C. H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWith deference to C. B. d'O., I consider that _Wurm_ is used, in poetry at\nleast, to designate any individual of the tribe of _reptiles_. In the\n_Kampf mit dem Drachen_, the rebuke of the \"Master\" is thus conveyed:\n\n \"Du bist ein Gott dem Volke worden,\n  Du kommst ein Feind zur\u00fcck dem Orden,\n  Und einen schlimmern _Wurm_ gebar.\n  Dein Herz, als deiser _Drache_ war,\n  Die _Schlange_ die das Herz vergiftet,\n  Die Zwietracht und Verderben stiftet!\"\n\nThe monster which had yielded to the prowess of the disobedient son of the\n\"Order\" is elsewhere called \"der _Wurm_:\"\n\n \"Hier hausete _der Wurm_ und lag,\n  Den Raub ersp\u00e4hend Nacht und Tag;\"\n\nwhile the \"counterfeit presentment\" of it--\"Alles _bild ich nach\ngenau_\"--is delineated in the following lines:\n\n \"In eine _Schlange_ endigt sich,\n  Des R\u00fcckens ungeheure L\u00e4nge\n  Halb _Wurm_ erschien, halb Molch und Drache.\"\n\nThe word in question is in this passage applicable perhaps to the _serpent_\nsection, but we have seen that it is used to denote the entire living\nanimal.\n\nA. L.\n\nMiddle Temple.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWAS SHAKSPEARE DESCENDED FROM A LANDED PROPRIETOR?\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 75.)\n\nI am inclined to think that MR. HALLIWELL has been misled by his old\nlaw-books, for upon looking at the principal authorities upon this point, I\ncannot find any such interpretation of the term _inheritance_ as that\nquoted by him from Cowell. The words \"the inheritance,\" in the passage\n\"heretofore the inheritance of William Shakspeare, Gent., deceased,\" would\nmost certainly appear to imply that Shakspeare inherited the lands as\nheir-at-law to some one. But, however, it must not be concluded upon this\nalone that the poet's father was a landed proprietor, as the inheritance\ncould proceed from any other ancestor to whom Shakspeare was by law heir.\n\nBlackstone, in his _Commentaries_, has the following:\n\n    \"Descent, or hereditary succession, is the title whereby a man on the\n    death of his ancestor acquires his estate by right of representation,\n    as his heir-at-law. An heir, therefore, is he upon whom the law casts\n    the estate immediately on the death of the ancestor: and an estate, so\n    descending to the heirs, is in Law called _the inheritance_.\"--Vol. ii.\n    p. 201.\n\n{155} Again:\n\n    \"Purchase, _perquisitio_, taken in its largest and most extensive\n    sense, is thus defined by Littleton; the possession of lands and\n    tenements which a man hath by his own act or agreement, and not by\n    descent from any of his ancestors or kindred. In this sense it is\n    contra-distinguished from acquisition by right of blood, and includes\n    every other method of coming to an estate, _but merely that by\n    inheritance_: wherein the title is vested in a person, not by his own\n    act or agreement, but by the single operation of law.\"--Vol. ii. p.\n    241.\n\nThus it is clear the possession of an estate by inheritance is created only\nby a person being heir to it; and the mere purchase of it, though it vests\nthe fee simple in him, can but make him the _assign_ and not the _heir_.\nThe nomination (as it would be in the case of a purchase) of an heir to\nsucceed to the inheritance, has no place in the English law; the maxim\nbeing \"Solus Deus h\u00e6redem facere potest, non homo;\" and all other persons,\nwhom a tenant in fee simple may please to appoint as his successors, are\nnot his heirs but his assigns. (See _Williams on the Law of Real\nProperty_.)\n\nRUSSELL GOLE.\n\nMR. HALLIWELL is perfectly right in his opinion as to the expression\n\"heretofore the _inheritance_ of William Shakspeare.\" All that that\nexpression in a deed means is, that Shakspeare was the absolute owner of\nthe estate, so that he could sell, grant, or devise it; and in case he did\nnot do so, it would descend to his heir-at-law. The term has no reference\nto the mode by which the estate came to Shakspeare, but only to the nature\nof the estate he had in the property. And as a man may become possessed of\nsuch an estate in land by gift, purchase, devise, adverse possession, &c.,\nas well as by descent from some one else, the mere fact that a man has such\nan estate affords no inference whatever as to the mode in which he became\npossessed of it. The authorities on the subject are Littleton, section ix.,\nand Co. Litt., p. 16. (a), &c. A case is there mentioned so long ago as the\n6 Edw. III., where, in an action of waste, the plaintiff alleged that the\ndefendant held \"de h\u00e6reditate su\u00e2,\" and it was ruled that, albeit the\nplaintiff had purchased the reversion, the allegation was sufficient.\n\nIn very ancient deeds the word is very commonly used where it _cannot_ mean\nan estate that has descended to an heir, but _must_ mean an estate that may\ndescend to an heir. Thus, in a grant I have (without date, and therefore\nprobably before A.D. 1300), Robert de Boltone grants land to John, the son\nof Geoffrey, to be held by the said John and his heirs \"in feodo et\nh\u00e6reditate in perpetuum.\" This plainly shows that _h\u00e6reditas_ is here used\nas equivalent to \"fee simple.\" I have also sundry other equally ancient\ndeeds, by which lands were granted to be held \"jure h\u00e6reditaris,\" or\n\"liber\u00e8, quiet\u00e8, _h\u00e6reditari\u00e8_, et in pace.\" Now these expressions plainly\nindicate, not that the land has descended to the party as heir, but that it\nis granted to him so absolutely that it may descend to his heir; in other\nwords, that an _estate of inheritance_, and not merely for life or for\nyears, is granted by the deed.\n\nS. G. C.\n\nMR. HALLIWELL'S exposition of the term \"inheritance,\" quoted from the\nShakspeare deed, is substantially correct, and there can be no question but\nthat the sentence \"heretofore the inheritance of William Shakspeare, Gent.,\ndeceased,\" was introduced in such deed, simply to show that Shakspeare was\nformerly the _absolute owner in fee simple_ of the premises comprised\ntherein, and not to indicate that he had acquired them by descent, either\nas heir of his father or mother, although he might have done so. As MR.\nHALLIWELL appears to attach some importance to the word \"purchase,\" as used\nby Cowell in his definition of the term \"inheritance,\" the following\nexplanation of the word \"purchase\" may not prove unacceptable to him.\n\nPurchase--\"Acquisitum, perquisitum, purchasium\"--signifies the _buying_ or\nacquisition of lands and tenements, with _money_, or by taking them by deed\nor agreement, and _not by descent or hereditary right_. (Lit. xii.; Reg.\nOrig., 143.) In Law a man is said to come in by purchase when he acquires\nlands by legal conveyance, and he hath a lawful estate; and a purchase is\nalways intended by title, either from some consideration or by gift (for a\ngift is in Law a purchase), whereas descent from an ancestor cometh of\ncourse by act of law; also all contracts are comprehended under this word\npurchase. (Coke on _Littleton_, xviii., \"Doctor and Student,\" c. 24.)\nPurchase, in opposition to descent, is taken largely: if an estate comes to\na man from his ancestors without writing, that is a descent; but where a\nperson takes an estate from an ancestor or others, by deed, will, or gift,\nand _not as heir-at-law_, that is a purchase. This explanation might be\nextended, but it is not necessary to carry it farther for the purpose of\nMR. HALLIWELL'S inquiry.\n\nCHARLECOTE.\n\nThe word \"inheritance\" was used for hereditament, the former being merely\nthe French form, the latter the Latin. Littleton (\u00a7 9.) says:\n\n    \"Et est ascavoir que cest parol (enheritance) nest pas tant solement\n    entendus lou home ad terres ou tenementes per discent de heritage, mes\n    auxi chescun fee simple ou taile que home ad per son purchase puit\n    estre dit enheritance, pur ceo que ses heires luy purront enheriter.\n    Car en briefe de droit que home portera de terre, que fuit de son\n    purchase demesne, le briefe dira: Quam clamat esse jus et\n    hereditamentum suum. Et issint serra dit en divers auters briefes, que\n    home ou feme portera de son purchase demesne, come il appiert per le\n    Register.\"\n\n{156}\n\nThe word is still in use, and signifies what is capable of being inherited.\n\nH. P.\n\nLincoln's Inn.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLORD FAIRFAX.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 10.)\n\nYour correspondent W. H. M. has called my attention to his Note, and\nrequested me to answer the third of his Queries.\n\nThe present rightful heir to the barony of Fairfax, should he wish to claim\nit, is a citizen of the United States, and a resident in the State of\nVirginia. He is addressed, as any other American gentleman would be, Mr.,\nwhen personally spoken to, and as an Esquire in correspondence.\n\nA friend of mine, Captain W., has thus kindly answered the other Queries of\nW. H. M.:\n\n1. Sir Thomas Fairfax of Denton in Yorkshire was employed in several\ndiplomatic affairs by Queen Elizabeth, and particularly in negotiations\nwith James VI. of Scotland. By Charles I. he was created a peer of\nScotland, his patent having been dated at Whitehall on Oct. 18, A.D. 1627.\n\n2. The family of Fairfax never possessed property, or land, in Scotland,\nand had no connexion with that country beyond their peerage. Many English\ngentlemen were created peers of Scotland by the Stuart kings, although\nunconnected with the nation by descent or property. I may cite the\nfollowing instances:--The old Yorkshire House of Constable of Burton\nreceived a peerage in the person of Sir Henry Constable of Burton and\nHalsham; by patent, dated Nov. 14, 1620, Sir Henry was created Viscount\nDunbar and Lord Constable. Sir Walter Aston of Tixal in Staffordshire,\nBart., was created Baron Aston of Forfar by Charles I., Nov. 28, 1627. And,\nlastly, Sir Thomas Osborne of Kineton, Bart., was created by Charles II.,\nFeb. 2, 1673, Viscount Dumblane.\n\n3. Answered.\n\n4. William Fairfax, fourth son of Henry Fairfax of Tolston, co. York,\nsecond son of Henry, fourth Lord Fairfax, settled in New England in\nAmerica, and was agent for his cousin Thomas, sixth lord, and had the\nentire management of his estates in Virginia. His third and only surviving\nson, Bryan Fairfax, was in holy orders, and resided in the United States.\nOn the death of Robert, seventh Lord Fairfax, July 15, 1793, this Bryan\nwent to England and preferred his claim to the peerage, which was\ndetermined in his favour by the House of Lords. He then returned to\nAmerica. Bryan Fairfax married a Miss Elizabeth Cary, and had several\nchildren. (Vide Douglas, and Burke's _Peerage_.)\n\nThere are several English families who possess Scottish peerages, but they\nare derived from Scottish ancestors, as Talmash, Radclyffe, Eyre, &c.\n\nPerhaps the writer may be permitted to inform your correspondent W. H. M.\nthat the term \"subject\" is more commonly and correctly applied to a person\nwho owes allegiance to a crowned head, and \"citizen\" to one who is born and\nlives under a republican form of government.\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\n1. Thomas, first Lord Fairfax (descended from a family asserted to have\nbeen seated at Towcester, co. Northampton, at the time of the Norman\ninvasion and subsequently of note in Yorkshire), accompanied the Earl of\nEssex into France, temp. Eliz., and was knighted by him in the camp before\nRouen. He was created a peer of Scotland, 4th May, 1627; but why of\nScotland, or for what services, I know not.\n\n2. I cannot discover that the family ever possessed lands in Scotland. They\nwere formerly owners of Denton Castle, co. York (which they sold to the\nfamily of Ibbetson, Barts.), and afterwards of Leeds Castle, Kent.\n\n3. Precise information on this point is looked for from some transatlantic\ncorrespondent.\n\n4. The claim of the Rev. Bryan, eighth Lord Fairfax, was admitted by the\nHouse of Lords, 6th May, 1800 (_H. L. Journals_). He was, I presume, born\nbefore the acknowledgment of independence.\n\n5. The title seems to be erroneously retained in the Peerages, as the\ngentleman now styled Lord Fairfax cannot, it is apprehended, be a\nnatural-born subject of the British Crown, or capable of inheriting the\ndignity. It seems, therefore, that the peerage, if not extinct, awaits\nanother claimant. As a direct authority, I may refer to the case of the\nScottish earldom of Newburgh, in the succession to which the next heir (the\nPrince Gustiniani), being an alien, was passed over as a legal nonentity.\n(See _Riddell on Scottish Peerages_, p. 720.) There is another case not\nvery easily reconcilable with the last, viz. that of the Earl of Athlone,\nwho, though a natural-born subject of the Prince of Orange, was on 10th\nMarch, 1795, permitted to take his seat in the House of Lords in Ireland\n(_Journals H. L. I._). Perhaps some correspondent will explain this case.\n\nH. G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Mr. Lyte on Collodion._--When I had the pleasure of meeting you in London,\nI promised that I would write to you from this place, and give you a\ndetailed account of my method of making the collodion, of which I left a\nsample with you; but since then have been making a series of experiments,\nwith a view, first, to simplifying my present formul\u00e6, and next, to produce\ntwo collodions, one of great sensibility, the other of rather slower\naction, but producing better half-tones. I have also been considering the\nsubject of {157} printing, and the best methods of producing those\nbeautiful black tints which are so much prized; and I think that, although\nthe processes formerly given all of them produce this effect with tolerable\ncertainty, yet many operators, in common with myself, have met with the\nmost provoking failures on this head, where they felt the most certain of\ngood results.\n\nI do not pretend to make a collodion which is different in its ingredients\nfrom that compounded by others. The only thing is that I am anxious to\ndefine the best proportions for making it, and to give a formula which even\nthe most unpractised operator may work by. First, to produce the collodion\nI always use the soluble paper prepared according to the method indicated\nby MR. CROOKES, and to which I adverted in \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. viii., p. 252.\nTake of colourless nitric acid of 1.50, and sulphuric acid of 1.60, equal\nquantities by measure, and mix them; then plunge into the mixture as much\nof the best Swedish filtering paper (Papier Joseph is also very good) as\nthe liquid will cover; it must be placed in it a single piece at a time.\nCover the basin, and let it remain a night, or at least some hours. Then\npour off the liquid, and wash the paper till its washings cease to taste\nthe least acid, or to redden litmus paper. Then dry it. Of this paper I\ntake 180 grains to one pint of ether, and having placed them together, I\nadd alcohol drop by drop, till the ether begins to dissolve the paper,\nwhich will be denoted by the paper becoming quite transparent. I have\nrather increased the quantity of paper to be added, as the after treatment\nrather thins the collodion. This, when shaken up and completely dissolved,\nforms the collodion. To sensitize I use two preparations, one prepared with\npotassium, the other with ammonium compounds; and, contrary to what many\noperators find the case, I find that the potassium gives the most rapid\nresults. To prepare the potassium sensitizer, I take two bottles of, we\nwill suppose, 6 oz. each; into one of these I put about half an ounce of\niodide of potassium in fine powder, and into the other an equal quantity of\nbromide of potassium, also pounded; we will call these No. 1. and No. 2. I\nfill the bottle No. 1. with absolute alcohol, taking great care that there\nis no oxide of amyle in it, as that seriously interferes with the action of\nthe collodion. After leaving the alcohol in No. 1. for two hours, or\nthereabouts, constantly shaking it, let it settle, and then quite clear\ndecant it off into No. 2., where leave it again, with constant shaking, for\ntwo hours, and when settled decant the clear liquid into a third bottle for\nuse. The oxide of amyle may be detected by taking a portion of the alcohol\nbetween the palms of the hands, and rubbing them together, till the alcohol\nevaporates, after which, should oxide of amyle be present, it will easily\nbe detected by its smell, which is not unlike that exhaled by a diseased\npotato. Of the liquid prepared, take one part to add to every three parts\nof collodion. The next, or ammonium sensitizer, is made as follows. Take\n\n  Absolute alcohol     10 oz.\n  Iodide of ammon.    100 grs.\n  Bromide of ammon.    25 grs.\n\nMix, and when dissolved, take one part to three of collodion, as before. I\nfeel certain that on a strict adherence to the correct proportion depends\nall the success of photography; and as we find in the kindred process of\nthe daguerrotype, that if we add too much or too little of the bromine\nsensitizer, we make the plate less sensitive, so in this process. When\nmaking the first of these sensitizers, I always in each case let the\nsolution attain a temperature of about 60\u00ba before decanting, so as to\nattain a perfectly equable compound on all occasions.\n\nIn the second, or ammonium sensitizer, the solution may be assisted by a\nmoderate heat, and when again cooled, may advantageously be filtered to\nseparate any sediment which may exist; but neither of these liquids should\never be exposed to great cold.\n\nI dissolve in my bath of nitrate of silver as much freshly precipitated\nbromide of silver as it will take up. Next, as to the printing of positives\nto obtain black tints, the only condition necessary to produce this result\nis having an acid nitrate bath; whether the positive be printed on albumen\npaper, or common salted paper, the result will always be the same. I have\ntried various acids in the bath, viz. nitric, sulphuric, tartaric, and\nacetic, and prefer the latter, as being the most manageable, and having a\nhigh equivalent. The paper I now constantly use is common salted paper,\nprepared as follows. Take\n\n  Chloride of barium        180 grs.\n  Chloride of ammon.        100 grs.\n  Chloride of potassium     140 grs.\n  Water                      10 oz.\n\nMix, and pour into a dish and lay the paper on the liquid, wetting only one\nside; when it has lain there for about five minutes if French paper has\nbeen used, if English paper till it ceases to curl and falls flat on the\nliquid, let it be hung up by a bent pin to dry. These salts are better than\nthose generally recommended, as they do not form such deliquescent salts\nwhen decomposed as the chloride of sodium does, and for this reason I\nshould have even avoided the chloride of ammonium, only that it so much\nassists the tints; however, in company with the other salts, the nitrate of\nammon. formed does not much take up the atmospheric moisture, and I have\nnever found it stain an even unvarnished negative. To sensitize this paper\ntake\n\n  Nitrate of silver        500 grs.\n  Acetic acid, glacial       2 drs.\n  Water                      5 oz.\n\nMix, and lay the paper on this solution for not less than five minutes, and\nif English paper, double that time. The hyposulphite to be used may be a\nvery strong solution of twenty to twenty-five per cent., and this mode of\ntreatment will always be found to produce fine tints. After some time it\nwill be found that the nitrate bath will lose its acidity, and a drachm of\nacetic acid may be again added, when the prints begin to take a red tone:\nthis will again restore the blacks. Lastly, the bath may of itself get too\nweak, and then it will be best to place it on one side, and recover the\nsilver by any of the usual methods, and make a new bath. One word about the\naddition of the bromide of {158} silver to the double iodide, as\nrecommended by DR. DIAMOND. I tried this, and feel most confident that it\nproduces no difference; as soon as the bromide of silver comes in contact\nwith the iodide of potassium, double decomposition ensues, and iodide of\nsilver is formed. Indeed, farther, this very double decomposition, or a\nsimilar one, is the basis of a patent I have just taken for at the same\ntime refining silver and manufacturing iodide of potassium; a process by\nwhich I much hope the enormous present price of iodide of potassium will be\nmuch lowered.\n\nF. MAXWELL LYTE.\n\n  H\u00f4tel de l'Europe,\n  \u00e0 Pau, Basses Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es.\n\nP.S.--Since writing the former part of this letter, I see in _La Lumi\u00e8re_ a\npaper on the subject of printing positives, in part of which the addition\nof nitric acid is recommended to the bath; but as my experiments have been\nquite independent of theirs, and my process one of a different nature, I\nstill send it to you. When I have an opportunity, I will send a couple of\nspecimens of my workmanship. I had prepared some for the Exhibition, but\ncould not get them off in time. I may add that the developing agent I use\nis the same in every way as that I have before indicated through the medium\nof your pages; but where formic acid cannot be got, the best developer is\nmade as follows:\n\n  Pyrogallic acid  27 grs.\n  Acetic acid       6 drs.\n  Water             9 oz.\n\n_On Sensitive Collodion._--As I have lately received many requests from\nfriends upon the subject of the most sensitive collodion, I am induced to\nsend you a few words upon it.\n\nSince my former communication, I believe a greater certainty of manufacture\nhas been attained, whereby the operator may more safely rely upon\nuniformity of success.\n\nI have not only tried every purchasable collodion, but my experiments have\nbeen innumerable, especially in respect to the ammoniated salts, and I may,\nI think, safely affirm that all preparations containing ammonia ought to be\nrejected. Often, certainly, great rapidity of action is obtained; but that\ncollodion which acted so well on one day may, on the following, become\ncomparatively useless, from the change which appears so frequently to take\nplace in the ammoniacal compounds. That blackening and fogging, of which so\nmuch has been said, I much think is one of the results of ammonia; but not\nhaving, in my own manipulations, met with the difficulty, I have little\npersonal experience upon the subject.\n\nThe more simple a collodion is the better; and the following, from its\nlittle varying and active qualities, I believe to be equal to any now in\nuse.\n\nA great deal has also been said upon the preparation of the simple\ncollodion, and that some samples, however good _apparently_, never\nsensitize in a satisfactory manner. I have not experienced this difficulty\nmyself, or any appreciable variation.\n\nThe collodion made from the Swedish filtering paper, or the papier Joseph,\nis preferable, from the much greater care with which it is used.\n\nIf slips of either of these papers be carefully and completely immersed for\nfour hours in a mixture of an equal part (by weight) of strong nitric acid\nor nitrous acid (the aqua fortis of commerce) and strong sulphuric acid,\nthen _perfectly_ washed, so as to get entirely rid of the acids, the result\nwill be an entirely soluble material. About 100 grains of dry paper to a\npint (twenty ounces) of ether will form a collodion of the desired\nconsistence for photographic purposes. If too thick, it may be reduced by\npure ether or alcohol. However carefully this soluble paper or the gun\ncotton is prepared, it is liable to decompose even when kept with care. I\nwould therefore advise it to be mixed with the ether soon after\npreparation, as the simple collodion keeps exceedingly well. Excellent\nsimple collodion is to be procured now at the reasonable price of eight\nshillings the pint, which will to many be more satisfactory than trusting\nto their own operations.\n\n_To make the sensitizing Fluid._--Put into a clean stoppered bottle,\nholding more than the quantity required so as to allow of free shaking, six\ndrachms of iodide of potassium and one drachm of bromide of potassium; wet\nthem with one drachm of distilled water first, then pour into the bottle\nten ounces of spirits of wine (not alcohol); shake frequently until\ndissolved. After some hours, if the solution has not taken place, add a few\nmore drops of water, the salts being highly soluble in water, though\nsparingly so in rectified spirits; but care must be taken not to add too\nmuch, as it prevents the subsequent adhesion of the collodion film to the\nglass.\n\nA drachm and a half to two drachms, according to the degree of intensity\ndesired, added to the ounce of the above collodion, which should have\nremained a few days to settle before sensitizing, I find to act most\nsatisfactorily; in fine weather it is instantaneous, being, after a good\nshake, fit for immediate use. If the sensitive collodion soon assumes a\nreddish colour, it is improved by the addition of one or two drops of a\nsaturated solution of cyanide of potassium; but great care must be used, as\nthis salt is very active.\n\nHUGH W. DIAMOND.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Portrait of Alva_ (Vol. ix., p. 76.).--There is a fine portrait of the\nDuke of Alva in the Royal Museum at Amsterdam, by D. Barendz (No. 14. in\nthe _Catalogue_ of 1848); and MR. WARDEN will find a spirited etching of\nhim, decorated with the Order of the Golden Fleece, in the _Historia\nBelgica_ of Meteranus (folio, 1597), at p. 63. The latter portrait is very\nQuixotic in aspect at the first glance, but the expression becomes more\nSatanic as the eye rests on it.\n\nLANCASTRIENSES.\n\n_Lord Mayor of London not a Privy Councillor_ (Vol. iv. _passim_; Vol. ix.,\np. 137.).--L. HARTLY a little misstates Mr. Serjeant Merewether's evidence.\nThe learned serjeant only said that \"he believed\" the fact was so. But he\nwas undoubtedly mistaken, probably from confounding {159} the Privy Council\n(at which the Lord Mayor _never_ appeared) with a meeting of other persons\n(nobility, gentry, and others), who assemble on the same occasion in a\ndifferent room, and to which meeting (altogether distinct from the Privy\nCouncil) the Lord Mayor is always summoned, as are the sheriffs, aldermen,\nand a number of other notabilities, not privy councillors. This matter is\nconclusively explained in Vol. iv., p.284.; but if more particular evidence\nbe required, it will be found in the _London Gazette_ of the 20th June,\n1837, where the names of the privy councillors are given in one list to the\nnumber of eighty-three, and in another list the names of the persons\nattending the meeting to the number of above 150, amongst whom are the\nlocal mayor, sheriffs, under-sheriffs, aldermen, common sergeants, city\nsolicitor, &c. As \"N & Q.\" has reproduced the mistake, it is proper that it\nshould also reproduce the explanation.\n\nC.\n\n_New Zealander and Westminster Bridge_ (Vol. ix., p. 74.).--Before I saw\nthe thought in Walpole's letter to Sir H. Mann, quoted in \"N. & Q.,\" I\nventured to suppose that Mrs. Barbauld's noble poem, _Eighteen Hundred and\nEleven_, might have suggested Mr. Macaulay's well-known passage. The\nfollowing extracts extracts describe the wanderings of those who--\n\n \"With duteous zeal, their pilgrimage shall take,\n  From the blue mountains on Ontario's lake,\n  With fond adoring steps to press the sod,\n  By statesmen, sages, poets, heroes, trod.\"\n\n \"Pensive and thoughtful shall the wanderers greet\n  Each splendid square, and still untrodden street;\n  Or of some crumbling turret, mined by time,\n  The broken stairs with perilous step shall climb,\n  Thence stretch their view the wide horizon round,\n  By scatter'd hamlets trace its ancient bound,\n  And choked no more with fleets, fair Thames survey,\n  Through reeds and sedge pursue his idle way.\n    .    .    .    .    .    .\n  Oft shall the strangers turn their eager feet,\n  The rich remains of ancient art to greet,\n  The pictured walls with critic eye explore,\n  And Reynolds be what Raphael was before,\n  On spoils from every clime their eyes shall gaze,\n  Egyptian granites and the Etruscan vase;\n  And when, 'midst fallen London, they survey\n  The stone where Alexander's ashes lay,\n  Shall own with humble pride the lesson just,\n  By Time's slow finger written in the dust.\"\n\nJ. M.\n\nCranwells, near Bath.\n\nThe beautiful conception of the New Zealander at some future period\nvisiting England, and giving a sketch of the ruins of London, noticed in\n\"N. & Q.\" as having been suggested to Macaulay by a passage in one of\nWalpole's letters to Sir H. Mann, will be found more broadly expressed in\nKirke White's Poem on Time. Talking of the triumphs of Oblivion, he says:\n\n \"Meanwhile the Arts, in second infancy,\n  Rise in some distant clime; and then, perchance,\n  Some bold adventurer, fill'd with golden dreams,\n  Steering his bark through trackless solitudes,\n  Where, to his wandering thoughts, no daring prow\n  Had ever plough'd before,--espies the cliffs\n  Of fallen Albion. To the land unknown\n  He journeys joyful; and perhaps descries\n  Some vestige of her ancient stateliness:\n  Then he with vain conjecture fills his mind\n  Of the unheard-of race, which had arrived\n  At science in that solitary nook,\n  Far from the civil world; and sagely sighs,\n  And moralises on the state of man.\"\n\nThis hardly reads like a borrowed idea; and I should lean to a belief that\nit was not. Kirke White's _Poems and Letters_ are but too little read.\n\nJ. S.\n\nDalston.\n\n_Cui Bono_ (Vol. ix., p. 76.).--Reference to a dictionary would have\nsettled this. According to Freund, \"Cui bono fuit=Zu welchem Zwecke, or\nWozu war es gut?\" That is, To what purpose? or, For _whose_ good?\n\nCARNATIC.\n\nThe syntax of this common phrase, with the ellipses supplied, is, \"Cui\nhomini fuerit bono negotio?\" To what person will it be an advantage?\nLiterally, or more freely rendered, Who will be the gainer by it? It was\n(see _Ascon. in Cicer. pro Milone_, c. xii.) the usual query of Lucius\nCassius, the Roman judge, implying that the person benefiting by any crime\nwas implicated therein. (Consult Facciolati's _Dict. in voce_ BONUM.)\n\nHK.\n\nThe correct rendering of this phrase is undoubtedly that given by F.\nNEWMAN, \"For the benefit of whom?\" but it is generally used in such a\nmanner as to make it indifferent whether that, or the corrupted\nsignification \"For what good?\" was intended by the writer making use of it.\nThe latter is, however, the idea generally conveyed to the mind, and in\nthis sense it is used by the best writers. Thus, _e.g._:\n\n    \"The question '_cui bono_,' to what practical end and advantage do your\n    researches tend? is one,\" &c.--Herschel's _Discourse on Nat.\n    Philosophy_, p. 10.\n\nWILLIAM BATES.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_Barrels Regiment_ (Vol. viii., p. 620.; Vol. ix., p. 63.).--I am obliged\nto H. B. C. for his attention to my Query, though it does not quite answer\nmy purpose, which was to learn the circumstances which occasioned a print\nin my possession, entitled \"The Old Scourge returned to Barrels.\" It\nrepresents a regiment, the body of each {160} soldier being in the form of\na barrel, drawn up within view of Edinburgh Castle. A soldier is tied up to\nthe halberts in order to be flogged; the drummer intercedes: \"Col., he\nbehaved well at Culloden.\" An officer also intercedes: \"Pray Col. forgive\nhim, he's a good man.\" The Col.'s reply is, \"Flog the villain, ye rascal.\"\nUnder the print--\"And ten times a day whip the Barrels.\" I want to know who\nthis flogging Col. was; and anything more about him which gained for him\nthe unenviable title of Old Scourge.\n\nE. H.\n\n_Sir Matthew Hale_ (Vol. ix., p. 77.).--From Sir Matthew Hale, who was born\nat Alderley, descends the present family of Hale of Alderley, co.\nGloucestershire. The eldest son of the head of the family represents West\nGloucestershire in parliament. The Estcourts of Estcourt, co.\nGloucestershire, are, I believe, also connexions of the family of Hale.\n\nMACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.\n\nThe descendants of Sir Matthew Hale still live at Alderley, near Wotton\nUnderedge, in Gloucestershire. I believe a Mr. Blagdon married the heiress\nof Hale, and took her name. The late Robert Blagdon Hale, Esq., married\nLady Theodosia Bourke, daughter of the late Lord Mayo, and had two sons.\nRobert, the eldest, and present possessor of Alderley, married a Miss\nHolford. Matthew, a clergyman, also married; who appears by the Clergy List\nto be Archdeacon of Adelaide, South Australia. Mr. John Hale, of\nGloucester, is their uncle, and has a family.\n\nJULIA R. BOCKETT.\n\nSouthcote Lodge.\n\nThe Hales of Alderley in Gloucestershire claim descent from Sir Matthew\nHale, born and buried there. (See Atkins, p. 107.; Rudder, p. 218., and\nBigland, p. 30.) When Mr. Hale of Alderley was High Sheriff of\nGloucestershire in 1826, the judge then on circuit made a complimentary\nallusion to it in court. The descent is in the female line, and the name\nwas assumed in 1784.\n\nLANCASTRIENSIS.\n\n_Scotch Grievance_ (Vol. ix., p. 74.).--The Scottish coins of James VI.,\nCharles I., William, have on the reverse a shield, bearing 1. and 4.\nScotland; 2. France and England quarterly; 3. Irish harp.\n\nEDW. HAWKINS.\n\nUnder this head A DESCENDANT OF SCOTTISH KINGS asks: \"Can any _coin_ be\nproduced, from the accession of James VI. to the English throne, on which\nthe royal arms are found, with Scotland in the first quarter, and England\nin the second?\"\n\nWill you kindly inform your querist, that in my collection I have several\nsuch coins, viz. a shilling of Charles I.; a mark of Charles II., date\n1669; a forty-shilling piece of William III., date 1697: on each Scotland\nis _first_ and _third_. I shall be most happy to submit these to your\ninspection, or send them for the satisfaction of your correspondent.\n\nF. J. WILLIAMS.\n\n24. Mark Lane.\n\n_\"Merciful Judgments of High Church,\" &c._ (Vol. ix., p. 97.).--The author\nof this tract, according to the Bodleian Catalogue, was Matthew Tindal.\n\n[Greek: Halieus].\n\nDublin.\n\n_Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester_ (Vol. ix., p. 105.).--I can refer A. S.\nto Camden's _History of Elizabeth_, where, under the year 1588, it\nrelated,--\n\n    \"Neither was the publick joy anything abated by Leicester's death, who\n    about this time, namely, on the 4th day of September, died of a\n    continuall fever upon the way as he went towards Killingworth.\"\n\nI can also refer him to Sir William Dugdale's _Baronage of England_, vol.\nii. p. 222., where I find it stated that he--\n\n    \"Design'd to retire unto his castle at Kenilworth. But being on his\n    journey thitherwards, at Cornbury Park in Com. Oxon., he died upon the\n    fourth of September, an. 1588, of a feaver, as 'twas said, and was\n    buried at Warwick, where he hath a noble monument.\"\n\nBut neither in the above writers, nor in any more recent account of his\nlife, have I seen his death ascribed to poison. The ground on which\nStanfield Hall has been regarded as the birthplace of Amy Robsart is, that\nher parents Sir John and Lady Elizabeth Robsart resided at Stanfield Hall\nin 1546, according to Blomefield in his _History of Norfolk_, though where\nhe resided at his daughter's birth does not appear.\n\n[Greek: Halieus].\n\nDublin.\n\n_Fleet Prison_ (Vol. ix., p. 76.).--A list of the wardens will be found in\nBurn's _History of Fleet Marriages_, 2nd edit., 1834. Occasional notices of\nthe under officers will also there be met with, and a list of wardens' and\njailors' fees.\n\nS.\n\n_The Commons of Ireland previous to the Union in 1801_ (Vol. ix.,\np.35.).--Allow me to inform C. H. D. that I have in my possession a copy\n(with MS. notes) of _Sketches of Irish Political Characters of the present\nDay, showing the Parts they respectively take on the Question of the Union,\nwhat Places they hold, their Characters as Speakers, &c._, 8vo. pp. 312,\nLondon, 1799. Is this the book he wants? I know nothing of its author nor\nof the Rev. Dr. Scott.\n\nABHBA.\n\n_\"Les Lettres Juives\"_ (Vol. viii., p. 541.).--The author of _Les Lettres\nJuives_ was Jean Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, one of the most\nprolific and amusing writers of the eighteenth century. {161} His principal\nworks are, _Histoire de l'Esprit Humain_, _Les Lettres Juives_, _Les\nLettres Chinoises_, _Les Lettres Cabalistiques_, and his _Philosophie du\nbons Sens_. Perhaps your correspondent may be interested to learn that a\nreply to the _Lettres Juives_ was published in 1739, La Haye, three vols.\nin twelve, by Aubert de la Chenaye Des-Bois under the title of\n_Correspondence historique, philosophique et critique, pour servir de\nr\u00e9ponse aux Lettres Juives_.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\n_Sir Philip Wentworth_ (Vol. vii., p. 42.; Vol. viii., pp. 104. 184.).--In\nWright's _Essex_, vol. i. p. 645., Sir Philip Wentworth is said to have\nmarried Mary, daughter of John, Lord Clifford. I do not recollect that\nWright cites authority. I know he has more than one error respecting the\nGonsles, who are in the same pedigree.\n\nANON.\n\n_General Fraser_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.).--Simon Fraser, Lieut.-Colonel, 24th\nRegiment, and Brigadier-General was second in command under Burgoyne when\nhe advanced from Canada to New York with 7000 men in 1777. He fell at\nStillwater, a short time before the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga. He\nwas struck by a shot from a tree, as he was advancing at the head of his\ntroops; and died of his wound October 7, 1777. He was buried, as he had\ndesired, in the redoubt on the field, in the front of the American army\ncommanded by General Gates. During his interment, the incessant cannonade\nof the enemy covered with dust the chaplain and the officers who assisted\nin performing the last duties to his remains, they being within view of the\ngreatest part of both armies. An impression long prevailed among the\nofficers of Burgoyne's army, that if Fraser had lived, the issue of the\ncampaign, and of the whole war, would have been very different from what it\nwas. Burgoyne is said to have shed tears at his death. General Fraser's\nregiment had been employed under Wolfe in ascending the Heights of Abraham,\nSept. 12, 1759; where, both before and after the fall of Wolfe, the\nHighlanders rendered very efficient service. His regiment was also engaged\nwith three others under Murray at the battle of Quebec in 1760. Some\nincidental mention of General Fraser will be found in Cannon's _History of\nthe 31st Regiment_, published by Furnivall, 30. Whitehall; but I am not\naware of any memoirs or life of him having been published.\n\nJ. C. B.\n\n_Namby-Pamby_ (Vol. viii., pp 318. 390.).--Henry Carey, the author of\n_Chrononhotonthologos_, and of _The Dragoness of Wantley_, wrote also a\nwork called _Namby-Pamby_, in burlesque of Ambrose Phillips's style of\npoetry; and the title of it was probably intended to trifle with that\npoet's name. Mr. Macaulay, in his Essay on _Addison and his Writings_,\nspeaks of Ambrose Phillips, who was a great adulator of Addison, as--\n\n    \"A middling poet, whose verses introduced a species of composition\n    which has been called after his name, _Namby-Pamby_.\"\n\nD. W. S.\n\n_The Word \"Miser\"_ (Vol. ix., p. 12.).--Cf. the use of the word _miserable_\nin the sense of miserly, mentioned amongst other Devonianisms at Vol. vii.,\np. 544. And see Trench's remarks on this word (_Study of Words_, p. 38. of\n2nd edit.).\n\nH. T. G.\n\nHull.\n\n_The Forlorn Hope_ (Vol. viii, p. 569.), _i.e._ the advanced guard.--This\nexplains what has always been to me a puzzling expression in Gurnall's\n_Christian in Complete Armour_ (p. 8. of Tegg's 8vo. edit., 1845):\n\n    \"The fearful are _in the forlorn_ of those that march for hell.\"\n\nSee Rev. xxi. 8., where \"the fearful and unbelieving\" stand at the head of\nthe list of those who \"shall have their part in the lake which burneth with\nfire and brimstone.\"\n\nH. T. G.\n\nHull.\n\nThe true origin and meaning of _forlorn hope_ has no doubt been fully\nexplained in \"N & Q.,\" Vol. viii., p. 569. Richardson's _Dictionary_ does\nnot countenance this view, but his example proves it conclusively. He only\ngives one quotation, from North's _Plutarch_; and as it stands in the\ndictionary, it is not easy to comprehend the passage entirely. On comparing\nit, however, with the corresponding passage in Langhorne (Valpy's edition,\nvol. iii. p. 97.), and again with Pompei's Italian version (vol. iii. p.\n49.), I have no doubt that, by the term _forlorn hope_, North implied\nmerely an advanced party; for as he is describing a pitched battle and not\na siege, a modern forlorn hope would be strangely out of place.\n\nIs _enfans perdus_ the idiomatic French equivalent, or is it only\ndictionary-French? And what is the German or the Italian expression?\n\nR. CARY BARNARD.\n\nMalta.\n\n_Thornton Abbey_ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--In the _Arch\u00e6ological Journal_,\nvol. ii. p. 357., may be found not only an historical and architectural\naccount of this building, but several views; with architectural details of\nmouldings, &c.\n\nH. T. G.\n\nHull.\n\n_\"Quid facies,\" &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 539. Vol. ix., p. 18.).--In a curious\nwork written by the Rev. John Warner, D.D., called _Metronariston_, these\nlines (as printed in Vol. ix., p. 18.) are quoted, and stated to be--\n\n    \"A punning Epigram on _Scylla as a type of Lust_, cited by Barnes.\"\n\n{162} I have not the _Metronariston_ with me, and therefore cannot refer to\nthe page.\n\nD. W. S.\n\n_Christ-Cross-Row_ (Vol. iii., pp. 330. 465.; Vol. viii., p. 18.).--Quarles\n(_Embl._ ii. 12.) gives a passage from St. Augustine commencing,--\"Christ's\ncross is the Christ-cross of all our happiness,\" but he gives no exact\nreference.\n\nWordsworth speaks of\n\n \"A look or motion of intelligence\n  From infant conning of the Christ-cross-row.\"\n                          _Excurs._ viii. p. 305.\n\nThese lines suggest the Query, Is this term for the alphabet still in use?\nand, if so, in what parts of the country?\n\nEIRIONNACH.\n\n_Sir Walter Scott, and his Quotations from himself_ (Vol. ix, p. 72.).--I\nbeg to submit to you the following characteristic similarity of expression,\noccurring in one of the poems and one of the novels of Sir Walter Scott. I\nam not aware whether attention has been drawn to it in the letters of Mr.\nAdolphus and Mr. Heber, as I have not the work at hand to consult:\n\n \"His grasp, as hard as glove of mail,\n  Forced the red blood-drop from the nail.\"\n                  _Rokeby_, Canto I. Stan. 15.\n\n    \"He wrung the Earl's hand with such frantic earnestness, that his grasp\n    forced the blood to start under the nail.\"--_Legend of Montrose._\n\nN. L. T.\n\n_Nightingale and Thorn_ (Vol. viii., p. 527.).--Add Young's _Night\nThoughts_, Night First, vers. 440-445.:\n\n \"Griefs sharpest thorn hard pressing on my breast,\n  I strive with wakeful melody to cheer\n  The sullen gloom, sweet Philomel! like thee,\n  And call the stars to listen--every star\n  Is deaf to mine, enamour'd of thy lay.\"\n\nH. T. G.\n\nHull.\n\n_Female Parish Clerks_ (Vol. viii., p. 474.).--Within the last\nhalf-century, a Mrs. Sheldon discharged the duties of this post at the\nparish church of Wheatley, five miles from Oxford, and near Cuddesdon, the\nresidence of the Bishop of Oxford. This clerkship was previously filled by\nher husband; but, upon his demise, she became his successor. It is not a\nweek since that I saw a relation who was an eye-witness of this fact.\n\nPERCY M. HART.\n\nStockwell.\n\n_Hour-glass Stand_ (Vol. ix., p. 64.).--There is an hour-glass stand of\nvery quaintly wrought iron, painted in various colours, attached to the\npulpit at Binfield, Berks.\n\nJ. R. M., M.A.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\nThe Rev. Edward Trollope, F.S.A., wisely conceiving that an illustrated\nwork, comprising specimens of the arms, armour, jewellery, furniture,\nvases, &c., discovered at Pompeii and Herculaneum, might be acceptable to\nthose numerous readers to whom the magnificent volumes, published by the\nNeapolitan government, are inaccessible, has just issued a quarto volume\nunder the title of _Illustrations of Ancient Art, selected from Objects\ndiscovered at Pompeii and Herculaneum_. The various materials which he has\nselected from the _Museo Borbonico_, and other works, and a large number of\nhis own sketches, have been carefully classified; and we think few will\nturn from an examination of the forty-five plates of Mr. Trollope's\nadmirable outlines, without admiring the good taste with which the various\nsubjects have been selected, and acknowledging the light which they throw\nupon the social condition, the manners, customs, and domestic life, of the\nRoman people.\n\nAs the great Duke of Marlborough confessed that he acquired his knowledge\nof his country's annals in the historical plays of Shakspeare, so we\nbelieve there are many who find it convenient and agreeable to study them\nin Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of England_. To all such it will\nbe welcome news that the first and second volumes of a new and cheaper\nedition, and which comprise the lives of all our female sovereigns, from\nMatilda of Flanders to the unfortunate Anne Boleyn, are now ready; and will\nbe followed month by month by the remaining six. At the close of the work,\nwe may take an opportunity of examining the causes of the great popularity\nwhich it has attained.\n\nMr. M. A. Lower has just published a small volume of antiquarian gossip,\nunder the title of _Contributions to Literature, Historical, Antiquarian,\nand Metrical_, in which he discourses pleasantly on Local Nomenclature, the\nBattle of Hastings, the Iron Works of the South-East of England, the South\nDowns, Genealogy, and many kindred subjects; and tries his hand, by no\nmeans unsuccessfully, at some metrical versions of old Sussex legends.\nSeveral of the papers have already appeared in print, but they serve to\nmake up a volume which will give the lover of popular antiquities an\nevening's pleasant reading.\n\nWe beg to call the attention of our readers to the opportunity which will\nbe afforded them on Wednesday next of hearing Mr. Layard lecture on his\nrecent _Discoveries at Nineveh_. As they will see by the advertisement in\nour present Number, Mr. Layard has undertaken to do so for the purpose of\ncontributing to the schools and other parochial charities of the poor but\ndensely populated district of St. Thomas, Stepney.\n\nBOOKS RECEIVED.--Mantell's _Geological Excursions round the Isle of Wight,\n&c._ This reprint of one of the many valuable contributions to geological\nknowledge by the late lamented Dr. Mantell, forms the new volume of Bohn's\n_Scientific Library_.--_Retrospective Review, No. VI._, containing\ninteresting articles on Drayton, Lambarde, Penn, Leland, and other writers\nof note in English literature.--Dr. Lardner's _Museum of_ {163} _Science\nand Art_, besides a farther portion of the inquiry, \"The Planets, are they\ninhabited Worlds?\" contains essays on latitudes and longitudes, lunar\ninfluences, and meteoric stones and shooting stars.--_Gibbon's Rome, with\nVariorum Notes_, Vol. II. In a notice prefixed to the present volume, which\nis one of Mr. Bohn's series of British Classics, the publisher, after\ndescribing the advantages of the present edition as to print, paper,\nediting, &c., observes: \"The publisher of the unmutilated edition of\nHumboldt's Cosmos hopes he has placed himself beyond the suspicion of\nmutilating Gibbon.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWanted To Purchase.\n\nTORRENS ON WAGES AND COMBINATIONS. Longmans. 1834.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\nParticulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the\ngentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are\ngiven for that purpose:\n\nWILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPT. Vols. IV. and V.\n\nBAXTER'S FLOWERING PLANTS. Plain or coloured.\n\nEVELYN'S DIARY. 5 Vols. 8vo.\n\nPEPYS'S DIARY. 5 vols. 8vo.\n\nTRANSACTIONS OF GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. Parts or Volumes.\n\nLIFE OF BISHOP KEN, by Anderdon.\n\nPERCIVAL'S ROMAN SCHISM.\n\n  Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath.\n\nOne or two Plans of the Harbour of CRONSTADT, showing the Mole,\nMan-of-war's Mole, Fortress, Fortress of CRONSLOTT opposite, as well as all\nthe Fortresses that are erected in the Shallows defending the Approach, &c.\n\n  Wanted by _H. E. Baseley_, 9. Old Broad Street.\n\nBIBLE PRINTS, either Line Engraving, Mezzotint, or Wood, and either with or\nwithout Letter-press, for the purpose of binding with a 4to. Edition of\n\"Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Bible.\"\n\n  Wanted by _John Garland_, Solicitor, Dorchester.\n\nTHE BRITISH PRESERVE, etched by S. Howitt. Prints, 2. The Badger, and 6.\nThe Stag.\n\n  Wanted by _Mr. James Pascoe_, Solicitor, Penzance.\n\n_An Account of the Ministers_, &c., who were Ejected or Silenced after the\nRestoration in 1660, by or before the Act for Uniformity. Second Edition.\nVol. I. By Edmund Calamy, D.D. 1713.\n\n  Wanted by _John Nurse Chadwick_, Solicitor, King's Lynn, Norfolk.\n\nSANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE, IN STAFFORDSHIRE.\n\n  Wanted by _C. J. D._, Post Office, Stourbridge, Worcestershire.\n\nTHE HIVE, having the First Edition of Vol. I.\n\n  Wanted by _Fred. Dinsdale_, Esq., Leamington.\n\nDUBLIN UNIVERSITY CALENDARS AND EXAMINATION PAPERS for 1835, 1836, 1844,\n1845.\n\nSHERIDAN'S (Thos.) LECTURES ON THE ART OF READING. 8vo. Lond. 1781.\n\nBLACKER'S (Col. Val.) MEMOIRS OF THE OPERATIONS OF THE BRITISH ARMY IN\nINDIA DURING THE MAHRATTA WAR OF 1817, 1818, AND 1819. 4to. Lond. 1821.\nAlso, by the same, a Map of Hindostan, from his own survey.\n\nPARKER'S (Capt. Robert) MEMOIRS OF THE MOST REMARKABLE MILITARY\nTRANSACTIONS from 1683 to 1718. 8vo. Lond. 1747.\n\n  Wanted by _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.\n\nALLISTER'S PARADIGMA CHESS OPENINGS.\n\nRUSSELL'S ELEMENTS OF PAINTING WITH CRAYONS. 1772.\n\nPHILLIP'S LIFE OF SMITH (the Geologist).\n\nHIRSCHER'S SYMPATHIES OF THE CONTINENT, translated by Coxe. J. H. Parker.\n1852.\n\nSIR H. NICOLAS'S EDITION OF WALTON AND COTTON'S ANGLER.\n\nWINDSOR CASTLE, by Ainsworth. The original edition, 8vo. with Plates.\n\n  Wanted by _Mr. Hayward_, Bookseller, Bath.\n\nWORDSWORTH'S POETICAL WORKS. 6 vols. 12mo. Moxon. Vol. I. Morocco. (The\nmissing volume was lent to a student at Cambridge by C. B. W. in 1844.)\n\nROSCOE'S ITALIAN NOVELIST. Second Edition. 4 Vols. 12mo. Vol. III.\n\nFirst or Early Edition of THE CHRISTIAN WORLD UNMASKED, by John Berridge.\n\nJOHN BERRIDGE'S WORKS. 8vo. Simpkin & Co.\n\nGEO. SANDYS' PARAPHRASE OF THE PSALMS. Small Edition.\n\nPOEMS BY GEORGE WITHERS. Separate or Collected.\n\nDRAYTON'S POEMS. 12mo. Edition.\n\nWALTON'S LIVES. Tonson or Dodsley. 1-Vol. Edition.\n\nPAXTON'S MAGAZINE OF BOTANY. Nos. 169. and 179. Orr & Co.\n\n  Wanted by _Mr. Hiscoke_, Bookseller, Richmond, Surrey.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nJ. B. WHITBORNE. _Where shall we address a letter to this Correspondent?_\n\nOXFORD JEU D'ESPRIT. _We hope next week to lay before our Oxford friends a\nreprint of a clever_ jeu d'esprit, _which amused the University some\nfive-and-thirty years since._\n\nB. H. C. _Will this Correspondent, who states_ (p. 135.) _that he has found\nthe termination_ -by _in Sussex, be good enough to state the place to which\nhe refers?_\n\nC. C. _The ballad of \"Fair Rosamond\" is printed in Percy's Reliques, in\nthe_ Pictorial Book of British Ballads, _and many other places; but the\nlines quoted by our Correspondent--_\n\n \"With that she dash'd her on the mouth,\n    And dyed a double wound\"--\n\n_do not occur in it._\n\nT. [Phi]. _Biographical notices of the author of_ Drunken Barnaby _will be\nfound in Chalmers' and Rose's Dictionaries. The best account of Richard\nBrathwait is that by Joseph Haslewood, prefixed to his edition of_ Barnab\u00e6\nItinerarium.--_Gurnall has been noticed in our_ Sixth Volume, pp. 414. 544.\n\nW. FRASER. _Bishop Atterbury's portrait, drawn by Kneller, and engraved by\nVertue, is prefixed to vol. i. of the Bishop's_ Sermons and Discourses,\n_edit. 1735. The portrait is an oval medallion; face round, nose prominent,\nwith large eye-brows, double chin, and a high expansive forehead, features\nregular and pleasant, and indicative of intellect. He is drawn in his\nepiscopal habit, with a full-dress curled wig; beneath are his arms,\nsurmounted by the mitre._\n\nI. R. R. _The song \"O the golden days of good Queen Bess!\" will be found\nin_ The British Orpheus, a Selection of Songs and Airs, _p. 274., with the\nmusic._\n\nTRENCH ON PROVERBS. _We cannot possibly find space for any further\ndiscussion of the translation of_ Ps. cxxvii. 2.\n\nBLOMEFIELD'S NORFOLK.--_Gentlemen who possess a copy of this work will be\nkind enough to write to John Nurse Chadwick, Solicitor, King's Lynn,\nNorfolk, stating the fact, with their names and addresses, by letter, post\npaid._\n\nPROFESSOR HUNT'S _Letter shall appear next week. We can well understand how\na gentleman, who labours so assiduously in his scientific investigations,\ncan have little time and feel little anxiety to produce merely pretty\npictures. We are glad that the question was asked (we are sure only in a\nfriendly spirit); and our photographic readers will be as glad to hear that\nan enlarged edition of Professor Hunt's_ Researches on Light _may soon be\nexpected._\n\nC. E. F., FOUR PHOTOGRAPHIC READERS, _and other Correspondents, shall\nreceive due attention next week._\n\nOUR EIGHTH VOLUME _in now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d.,\ncloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up,\nprice 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{164}\n\nIMPERIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.\n\n1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.\n\nInstituted 1820.\n\n----\n\nSAMUEL HIBBERT, ESQ., _Chairman_.\nWILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., _Deputy-Chairman_.\n\n----\n\nThe SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by this Office will be found of a very\nmoderate character, but at the same time quite adequate to the risk\nincurred.\n\nFOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent. of the Profits, are assigned to Policies\n_every fifth year_, and may be applied to increase the sum insured, to an\nimmediate payment in cash, or to the reduction and ultimate extinction of\nfuture Premiums.\n\nONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insurances of 500l. and upwards, for the whole\nterm of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy, to be paid off at\nconvenience; or the Directors will lend sums of 50l. and upwards, on the\nsecurity of Policies effected with this Company for the whole term of life,\nwhen they have acquired an adequate value.\n\nSECURITY.--Those who effect Insurances with this Company are protected by\nits Subscribed Capital of 750,000l., of which nearly 140,000l. is invested,\nfrom the risk incurred by Members of Mutual Societies.\n\nThe satisfactory financial condition of the Company, exclusive of the\nSubscribed and Invested Capital, will be seen by the following Statement:\n\n  On the 31st October, 1853, the sums\n  Assured, including Bonus added,\n  amounted to                          \u00a32,500,000\n\n  The Premium Fund to more than           800,000\n\n  And the Annual Income from the\n  same source, to                         109,000\n\nInsurances, without participation in Profits, may be effected at reduced\nrates.\n\nSAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square\n(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25\nGuineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these\npianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,\nsigned by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--\"We, the\nundersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined\nthe Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great\npleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears\nto us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a\nricher and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while\nthe elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the\nlibrary, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.\nBishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E.\nF. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.\nHuss\u00e9, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.\nKiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.\nMontgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry\nPhillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.\nRockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright,\" &c.\n\nD'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It\ncontains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads,\nin iron, brass, japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany, rosewood, and\nwalnut-tree woods; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and\nQuilts.\n\nHEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.\n  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,\n               T. Grissell, Esq.\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       \u00a3   s.  d. | Age       \u00a3   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8\n   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6\n   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte\nTerrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body\nFolding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS,\nFeatherstone Buildings, Holborn; the Photographic Institution, Bond Street;\nand at the Manufactory as above, where every description of Cameras,\nSlides, and Tripods may be had. The Trade supplied.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCALOTYPE PAPER prepared by Dr. Diamond's Process, 4s. per Quire.\nAlbumenised ditto, 4s. ditto. Canson's Negative Paper for Mons. Le Gray's\nProcess:--Waxed, 6s. per Quire; Iodized, 8s. ditto; Sensitive, available\nfor Three Weeks, 13s., size 17\u00bd by 11\u00bd, demy folio. Specimens of either\nPapers sent between Boards on Receipt of Carriage (Ten Stamps).\n\n    Sold by LUKE SAMS, 7. Adelphi Chambers, facing the Society of Arts; and\n    retailed by J. B. HOCKIN & CO., 289. Strand, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFcap. 8vo., 5s., cloth.\n\nTHOMAS \u00e0 BECKET, and other Poems, by PATRICK SCOTT.\n\n    \"Mr. Scott is a true poet.\"--_Notes and Queries._\n\n    \"He knows well where lie the springs of the highest poetic\n    inspiration.\"--_Critic._\n\n    \"A volume of great ability.\"--_Guardian._\n\nLONGMAN & CO.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWESTMINSTER HOSPITAL, Broad Sanctuary, opposite Westminster Abbey.--This\nHospital was instituted in the year 1719, and is the oldest hospital in\nEngland supported by voluntary contributions. The high prices of provisions\nand coals have materially increased the current expenditure, and a sum of\nnot less than 800l. is required to meet the payment of the tradesmen's\nbills to Christmas last. 16,000 persons are relieved annually, and the\ndoors of the Hospital are open night and day for the reception of cases of\naccident and urgent disease. The Committee earnestly entreat the aid of the\nbenevolent at the present time.\n\nDonations and subscriptions will be thankfully received by MESSRS. BOUVERIE\n& CO., 11. Haymarket; MESSRS. HOARE & CO., Fleet Street; by the HON. P.\nPLEYDELL BOUVERIE, and P. R. HOARE, ESQ., the joint Treasurers; or by the\nSecretary at the Hospital.\n\n  F. G. WILSON, Secretary.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nW. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of\nIndices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are\ngreatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in\nAntiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches\namong the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or\nother Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,\nHistory, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had\nconsiderable experience.\n\n1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.\n\nKNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of\nthe best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's\nLenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and\npure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.\nForwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.\n\nInstructions given in every branch of the Art.\n\nAn extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,\nby an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,\nthey may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any\nother hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and\nappreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.\n\nApparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of\nPhotography. Instruction in the Art.\n\nTHE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per\nPost. 1s. 2d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n    Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the\n    Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the\n    Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE\n    BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the\n    West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street\n    aforesaid.--Saturday, February 18. 1854.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 225, February 18, 1854: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":22713}