{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42005/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42005","id":"gutenberg_42005","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42005","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: History - British","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Category: Poetry","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"{165} NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 226.]\nSATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25. 1854\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                    Page\n\n  Legends and Superstitions respecting Bees                    167\n\n  Oxford Jeu d'Esprit                                          168\n\n  Ansareys in Mount Lebanon                                    169\n\n  Primers of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, by the\n    Rev. T. Lathbury                                           170\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--Objective and Subjective--Lucy Walters,\n    the Duke of Monmouth's Mother--General Haynau's\n    Corpse--\"Isolated\"--Office of Sexton held by One\n    Family--Sententious Despatches--Reprints Suggested         170\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Pictures from Lord Vane's Collection                         171\n\n  Burial-Place of Thurstan, Archbishop of York, by George Fox  172\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Admiral Hopson--\"Three cats sat,\" &c.--\n    Herbert's \"Church Porch\"--Ancient Tenure of Lands--\n    Dramatic Works--Devreux Bowly--\"Corruptio optimi,\" &c.\n    --Lamenther--Sheriff of Somersetshire in 1765--Edward\n    Brerewood--Elizabeth Seymour--Longfellow--Fresick and\n    Freswick--Has Execution by Hanging been survived?--Maps\n    of Dublin--\"The Lounger's Commonplace Book\"--Mount Mill,\n    and the Fortifications of London--\"Forms of Public\n    Meetings\"                                                  172\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Queen Elizabeth and the\n    Ring--Lives of English Bishops: Bishop Burnet--Eden\n    Pedigree and Arms--The Gentleman's Calling--Obs and\n    Sols--Fystens or Fifteenths                                175\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Hardman's Account of Waterloo                                176\n\n  Dates of Births and Deaths of the Pretenders                 177\n\n  \"Could we with ink,\" &c., by J. W. Thomas                    179\n\n  Mackey's Theory of the Earth by J. Dawson, &c.               179\n\n  Do Conjunctions join Propositions only? by G. Boole          180\n\n  Robert Bloet, by Edward Foss                                 181\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--A Hint to the Photographic\n    Society--Test for Nitrate of Silver--Professor Hunt's\n    Photographic Studies--Waxed-paper Pictures--The Double\n    Iodide Solution--Dr. Mansell's Process                     181\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Buonaparte's Abdication--\n    Burton Family--Drainage by Machinery--Nattochiis and\n    Calchanti--\"One while I think,\" &c.--\"Spires 'whose\n    silent finger points to heaven'\"--Dr. Eleazar Duncon\n    --\"Marriage is such a rabble rout\"--Cambridge\n    Mathematical Questions--Reversible Masculine Names--\n    The Man in the Moon--Arms of Richard, King of the\n    Romans--Brothers with the same Christian Name--\n    Arch-priest in the Diocese of Exeter, &c.                  183\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 187\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    187\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nINSTRUCTION IN ART, General and Special, as afforded at the SCHOOLS of the\nDEPARTMENT of SCIENCE and ART, at MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, Pall Mall, London. The\nSchool consists of\n\nI. A NORMAL SCHOOL for TRAINING TEACHERS.\n\nII. SPECIAL CLASSES for TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION.\n\n_Art Superintendent_:--\n\nRICHARD REDGRAVE, R.A.\n\nThe SPRING SESSION will COMMENCE on 1st of MARCH, and end 31st of July; and\nthe Fees are for that period.\n\n1. The Courses of Instruction are intended to impart systematically a\nknowledge of the scientific principles of Art, especially in its relation\nto the useful purposes of life. A limited application of those principles\nis demonstrated with the view of preparing Students to enter upon the\nfuture practice of the Decorative Arts in Manufactories and Workshops,\neither as Masters, Overseers, or skilled workmen. At the same time,\ninstruction is afforded to all who may desire to pursue these studies\nwithout reference to a preparation for any special Branch of Industry.\nSpecial Courses are arranged in order to train persons to become Masters of\nSchools of Art, and to enable Schoolmasters of Parochial and other Schools\nto teach Elementary Drawing as a part of general Education concurrently\nwith Writing.\n\n2. The Lectures and Courses of Instruction are as follows:--\n\nGENERAL COURSE FOR MALE STUDENTS ONLY.\n\n    A. Free-hand, Model, and Elementary Mechanical Drawing, Practical\n    Geometry and Perspective, Painting in Oil, Tempera, and Water Colours.\n    Modelling. The Classes for Drawing, Painting, and Modelling, include\n    the Figure from the Antique and the Life: and Artistic Anatomy.\n    Lectures, Teaching, and Practice, in the Morning and Evening, Fee 4l.\n    the Session.--Head Master, Mr. Burchet; Assistants, Messrs. Herman,\n    Walsh, Denby, Wills, and Hancock.\n\n    B. The Evening Instruction is limited to advanced Drawing, Painting,\n    and Modelling, including the Figure. Fee 2l.\n\nTECHNICAL COURSES.\n\n    C. Practical Construction, including Architecture, Building, and the\n    various processes of Plastic Decoration, Furniture, and Metal Working.\n    Lectures, Teaching and Practice, Morning and Evening. Fee 4l. Evening\n    Course only, Fee 2l. for Male Students only. Superintendent, Professor\n    Semper.\n\n    D. Mechanical and Machine Drawing. Class Lectures with Evening Teaching\n    and Morning Practice. For Male Students only. Fee 2l. Superintendent,\n    Mr. W. Binns.\n\n    E. Surface Decoration, as applied to Woven Fabrics of all kinds, Lace,\n    Paper Hangings, &c. Lectures, Teaching and Practice, Morning and\n    Evening. Fee 4l. An Afternoon Class for Females only, Fee 2l. An\n    Evening Class for Male Students only, Fee 2l. Superintendent, Mr.\n    Octavius Hudson.\n\n    F. Porcelain Painting, daily Teaching and Practice for Male and Female\n    Students, Fee 4l. Superintendents, Mr. Simpson and Mr. Hudson.\n\n    G. Wood Engraving. Lectures, daily Teaching and Practice for Female\n    Students only, Fee 4l. Superintendents, Mr. Thompson and Miss\n    Waterhouse.\n\n    H. Lithography, Chalk, Pen, and Colour. Daily Teaching and Practice for\n    Female Students only, Fee 4l. Superintendents, Mr. Brookes and Miss\n    Channon.\n\nPUBLIC LECTURES\n\n    On the Forms and Colours of the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms, by\n    Professor E. Forbes; on the Human Form, by Mr. J. Marshall, F.R.C.S.;\n    on the History of Ornamental Art, by Mr. Wornum, &c. Admission to each\n    Lecture, 6d.\n\n3. The Instruction for the general Students is carried on daily, except on\nSaturdays.\n\n4. Students may matriculate for a period of three years upon paying 20l. in\none sum on entrance, or three annual payments of 10l. They are entitled to\nattend all the Public and Class Lectures, the general and technical\nCourses, to receive personal instruction, and to practice in the School at\nall times; they have also access to the Museum and Library. At the end of\nthe Session they may pass an Examination, and have the privilege of\ncompeting for Scholarships, varying from 10l. to 30l. a year in value.\n\n5. Occasional Students are at liberty to attend only the particular Courses\nfor which they enter, and have admission to the Museum, Library, and Public\nLectures.\n\n6. A CLASS FOR SCHOOLMASTERS AND PUPIL TEACHERS will meet every Wednesday\nand Friday, Tuesday and Thursday Evenings, and on Saturdays, Fee, 5s.\nSuperintendent of the Training teaching, and Elementary Instruction, Mr.\nBurchet; Assistant, Mr. Bowler.\n\nAlso at Gore House, Kensington, on Monday and Thursday.\n\n7. A Register of the Students' attendances is kept, and may be consulted by\nParents and Guardians.\n\n8. The SCHOOL FOR THE FEMALE STUDENTS passing through the General Course,\nis at 37. Gower Street. Superintendent, Mrs. McIan; Assistants, Miss Gann\nand Miss West.\n\nFees:--Advanced Classes, 2l. and 4l.; Elementary Class, 20s.; Evening\nClass, 10s.\n\nA Class also meets at Gore House, Kensington, Mondays, Wednesdays, and\nFridays.\n\n9. DISTRICT SCHOOLS OF ART, in connexion with the Department, are now\nestablished in the following places. Open every Evening (except Saturday)\nfrom 7 to 9:30. Entrance Fee, 2s. Admission, 2s. and 3s. per month. The\ninstruction comprises Practical Geometry and Perspective, Free-hand and\nMechanical Drawing, and Elementary Colour:--\n\n1. Spitalfields, Crispin Street.\n\n2. North London, High Street, Camden Town.\n\n3. Finsbury, William Street, Wilmington Square.\n\n4. Westminster, Mechanics' Institute, Great Smith Street.\n\n5. St. Thomas, Charterhouse, Goswell Street.\n\n6. Rotherhithe, Grammar School.\n\n7. St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Long Acre.\n\nAt 1. and 2. Schools there are Female Classes. Application for admission to\nbe made at the Offices in each locality.\n\nFor farther information, apply at Marlborough House, Pall Mall.\n\n  HENRY COLE,\n  LYON PLAYFAIR,\n      Joint Secretaries.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{166}\n\nMURRAY'S\n\nBRITISH CLASSICS.\n\nPublishing Monthly, in Demy Octavo Volumes.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow ready (to be completed in 4 vols.), Vols. 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In\nPreparation.\n\nTHE PERSONALITY OF THE TEMPTER, AND OTHER SERMONS. 7s. 6d.\n\nINDEPENDENCE AND SUBMISSION: the Use and Abuse of each. Second Edition. 1s.\n6d.\n\nSERMONS preached in the Parish Church of St. Martin's, London. Second\nEdition. 12s. 6d.\n\nSERMONS preached in the Chapel of Harrow School. Second Series. 12s.\n\nLondon: John W. Parker & Son, West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{167}\n\n_LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1854._\n\nNotes.\n\nLEGENDS AND SUPERSTITIONS RESPECTING BEES.\n\nThe Vicar of Morwenstow, among the beautiful poems to be found in his\n_Echoes from Old Cornwall_, has one entitled \"A Legend of the Hive:\" it\ncommences--\n\n \"Behold those winged images!\n    Bound for their evening bowers;\n  They are the nation of the bees,\n    Born from the breath of flowers:\n  Strange people are they; a mystic race\n  In life, and food, and dwelling-place!\"\n\nAs another poet has sung:\n\n \"His quidam signis, atque h\u00e6c exempla secuti,\n  _Esse Apibus partem Divin\u00e6 mentis_ et haustus\n  \u00c6therios dixere.\"\n\nMr. Hawker's Legend is to this effect: A Cornish woman, one summer, finding\nher bees refused to leave their \"cloistered home,\" and \"ceased to play\naround the cottage flowers,\" concealed a portion of the Holy Eucharist\nwhich she obtained at church:\n\n \"She bore it to her distant home,\n    She laid it by the hive\n  To lure the wanderers forth to roam,\n    That so her store might thrive;--\n 'Twas a wild wish, a thought unblest,\n  Some evil legend of the West.\n\n \"But lo! at morning-tide a sign,\n    For wondering eyes to trace,\n  They found above that Bread, a shrine\n    Rear'd by the harmless race!\n  They brought their walls from bud and flower,\n  They built bright roof and beamy tower!\n\n \"Was it a dream? or did they hear\n    Float from those golden cells\n  A sound, as of some psaltery near,\n    Or soft and silvery bells?\n  A low sweet psalm, that griev'd within\n  In mournful memory of the sin!\"\n\nThe following passage from Howell's _Parley of Beasts_, Lond. 1660,\nfurnishes a similar legend of the piety of bees. Bee speaks:\n\n    \"Know, Sir, that we have also a religion as well as so exact a\n    government among us here; our hummings you speak of are as so many\n    hymns to the Great God of Nature; and ther is a miraculous example in\n    _C\u00e6saries Cisterniensis_, how som of the Holy Eucharist being let fall\n    in a medow by a priest, as he was returning from visiting a sick body,\n    a swarm of bees being hard by took It up, and in a solemn kind of\n    procession carried It to their hive, and there erected an altar of the\n    purest wax for It, where It was found in that form, and untouched.\"--P.\n    144.\n\nIt is remarkable that, in the Septuagint version of Prov. vi. 8., the bee\nis introduced after the ant, and reference is made to [Greek: t\u00ean ergasian\nh\u00f4s semn\u00ean poieitai: ergas. sem.] St. Ambrose translates it _operationem\nvenerabilem_; St. Jerome, _opus castum_; Castalio, _augustum opus_; Bochart\nprefers _opus pretiosum, aut mirabile_.[1]\n\nPliny has much to say about bees. I shall give an extract or two in the Old\nEnglish of Philemon Holland:\n\n    \"Bees naturally are many times sick; and that do they shew most\n    evidently: a man shall see it in them by their heavie looks and by\n    their unlustines to their businesse: ye shall marke how some will bring\n    forth others that be sicke and diseased into the warme sunne, and be\n    readie to minister unto them and give them meat. Nay, ye shall have\n    them to carie forth their dead, and to accompanie the corps full\n    decently, as in a solemne funerall. If it chaunce that the king be dead\n    of some pestilent maladie, the commons and subjects mourne, take\n    thought, and grieve with heavie cheere and sad countenance: idle they\n    be, and take no joy to do any thing: they gather in no provision: they\n    march not forth: onely with a certain doleful humming they gather round\n    about his corps, and will not away.\n\n    \"Then requisite it is and necessarie to sever and part the multitude,\n    and so to take away the bodie from them: otherwise they would keepe a\n    looking at the breathlesse carcasse, and never go from it, but still\n    mone and mourne without end. And even then also they had need be\n    cherished and comforted with good victuals, otherwise they would pine\n    away and die with hunger.\"--Lib. XI. cap. xviii.\n\n    \"We bury our dead with great solemnity; at the king's death there is a\n    generall mourning and fasting, with a cessation from labour, and we use\n    to go about his body with a sad murmur for many daies. When we are sick\n    we have attendants appointed us, and the symptoms when we be sick are\n    infallible, according to the honest, plain poet:\n\n     \"If bees be sick (for all that live must die),\n      That may be known by signes most certainly;\n      Their bodies are discoloured, and their face\n      Looks wan, which shows that death comes on apace.\n      They carry forth their dead, and do lament,\n      Hanging o' th' dore, or in their hives are pent.'\"\n                          _Howell_, p. 138.\n\nOf bees especially the proverb holds good, that \"Truth is stranger than\nfiction.\" The discoveries of Huber, Swammerdam, Reaumur, Latreille, Bonnet,\nand other moderns, read more like a fairy-tale than anything else, and yet\nthe subject is far from being exhausted. At the same time modern\nnaturalists have substantiated the accuracy of the ancients in many\nstatements which were considered ridiculous fables. The ancients {168}\nanticipated us so far as even to have used _glass hives_, for the purpose\nof observing the wonderful proceedings of this winged nation. Bochart,\nquoting an old writer, says:\n\n    \"Fecit illis Aristoteles _Alveare Vitreum_, ut introspiceret, qua\n    ratione ad opus se accingerent. Sed abnuerunt quidquam operari, donec\n    interiora vitri luto oblevisset.\"--_Hierozoicon_, Lond. 1663, folio,\n    Part II. p. 514.\n\nEIRIONNACH.\n\n[Footnote 1: The bee is praised for her pious labours in the offices of the\nRoman Church, \"as the unconscious contributor of the substance of her\npaschal light.\" \"Alitur enim liquantibus ceris, quas in substantiam\npretios\u00e6 hujus lampadis _Mater Apia_ eduxit.\"--_Office of Holy Saturday._]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOXFORD JEU D'ESPRIT.\n\nThe following _jeu d'esprit_ appeared at Oxford in 1819: printed, not\npublished, but laid simultaneously on the tables of all the Common Rooms.\nNo author's name was attached to it then, and therefore no attempt is now\nmade to supply this deficiency by conjecture. Since the attention of the\ndiscerning public has lately been directed towards the University of\nOxford, probably with the expectation of finding some faults in her system\nof education, it is possible that some of those who are engaged or\ninterested in that inquiry may be amused and instructed by the good sense,\nhumour, logic, and Latinity of this satire.\n\n    \"ERUDITIS OXONI\u00c6 AMANTIBUS SALUTEM.\n\n    \"Acerrimis vestr\u00fbm omnium judiciis permittitur conspectus, sive\n    syllabus, libri breviter edendi, et e Prelo Academico, si Diis, _i. e._\n    Delegatis, placet, prodituri: in quo multa dictu et notatu dignissima a\n    tenebris et tineis vindicantur; multa ad hujusce loci instituta et\n    disciplinam pertinentia agitantur; plurima qu\u00e6 Academi\u00e6 famam et\n    dignitatem spectant fuse admodum et libere tractantur et explicantur.\n    Subjiciuntur operis illustrandi ergo capitum quorundam Argumenta,\n\n     '[Greek: Ek Dios arch\u00f4mestha].'\n\n    1. \u00c6lfredi magni somnium de Sociis omnibus Academicis ad Episcopatum\n    promovendis:\n\n     'With suppliant smiles they bend the head,\n      While distant mitres to their eyes are spread.'\n                              _Byron._\n\n    Opus egregium perutile perjucundum ex membranis vetustissimis detritis\n    tertium rescriptis, solerti\u00e2 plus quam Angelo-Maiana, nuperrime\n    redintegratum.\n\n    2. Devorguill\u00e6, Balliolensibus semper carissim\u00e6, pudicitia laborans\n    vindicatur.\n\n    3. Contra Kilnerum et Mertonenses disputatur, Pythagoram Cantabrigi\u00e6\n    nunquam docuisse:\n\n     '[Greek: Dedaidalmenoi pseudesi poikilois]\n      [Greek: Exapat\u00f4nti muthoi].'--_Pind._\n\n    4. Wiccamici publicis examinationibus liberi, sibi et reipublic\u00e6\n    nocentes.\n\n    5. Magdalenenses semper \u00e6dificaturientes nihil agunt:\n\n     'Implentur veteris Bacchi.'--_Virg._\n\n    6. Orielensibus, ingenio, ut ipsi aiunt, exundantibus, Aula B. M. V.\n    malevole denegatur:\n\n     'Barbara Celarent Darii.'--_Ars Logica._\n\n    7. De reditibus annuis Decani et Canonicorum \u00c6dis Christi, sive de\n    libris Canonicis.\n\n    8. Qu\u00e6stiones du\u00e6: An Alumni \u00c6dis Christi _jure_ fiant Canonici? An\n    Alumni \u00c6dis Christi _re-ver\u00e2_ fiant Canonici?\n\n    9. Respondetur serenissim\u00e6 Archiduciss\u00e6 de Oldenburg qu\u00e6renti:\n\n     'What do the Fellows of All-Souls do?'\n\n    10. E Collegio \u00c6nei Nasi legati Stamfordiam missi Nasum illum\n    celeberrimum, Collegii [Greek: ep\u00f4numos], solemni pomp\u00e2 Oxoniam\n    asportant.\n\n    11. Nummi ad ornandam faciem occidentalem Collegii Lincolniensis\n    erogati unde comparati fuerint?\n\n                  ... 'Lucri bonus est odor ex re\n      Qualibet.'--_Juv._\n\n    12. _Note._--The original heading of this chapter was altered in a\n    later edition, and therefore is not reprinted here.\n\n    13. Ex Societatibus c\u00e6teris ejectos Aula S. Albani pessimo exemplo ad\n    se recipit:\n\n     'Facilis descensus Averni.'--_Virg._\n\n    14. De Golgotha et de Golgothitis.\n\n    15. Pr\u00e6lectores an Pr\u00e6lectiones numero sint plures.\n\n    16. Viro venerabili S. T. P. R. pr\u00e6legente pecunia a clientibus sordide\n    admodum exigitur.\n\n    17. Magistri in Venerabili domo Convocationis necessario adsistentes\n    more Attico [Greek: to tri\u00f4bolon] recipere debent.\n\n    18. De Academicorum in Venerabili domo Convocationis sedentium\n    podicibus igneo quodam vapore calefaciendis:\n\n     'Placetne vobis Magistri?'--[Greek: ho aei] Vice-Can.\n\n    19. De viris clarissimis Bibliothec\u00e6 Bodleian\u00e6 Curatoribus.\n\n        'Scene II.--_Enter_ Quince the Carpenter, Snug the Joiner, Bottom\n        the Weaver, Flute the Bellows-mender, Snout the Tinker, _and_\n        Starveling the Tailor.\n\n        _Quince._ Is all our company complete?'\n\n                      _Shakspeare._\n\n    20. De matulis in Bibliothec\u00e2 studentibus copiosius suppeditandis:\n\n     '[Greek: Amis gar \u00ean our\u00eatias\u00eais aut\u00ea]\n      [Greek: Para soi krem\u00easetai engus epi tou pattalou].'\n                              _Aristophanes._\n\n    21. De Bibliothecario et ejus adjutoribus.\n\n        '_Captain._ What are you about, Dick?\n\n        _Dick._ Nothing, Sir.\n\n        _Captain._ Thomas, what are you doing?\n\n        _Thomas._ Helping Dick, Sir.'\n\n    22. Examinantur Examinatores.\n\n    23. Cuinam eorum Doctoris Planissimi cognomen jure optimo concedendum\n    sit.\n\n    24. De Dodd. {169}\n\n    25. De Magistris Scholarum.\n\n     'Who made that wond'rous animal a Soph?'\n                              _Oxford Spy._\n\n    26. Baccalaurei ad Clepsydram determinantes.\n\n     'Nor stop, but rattle over every word,\n      No matter what, so it can not be heard.'\n                              _Byron._\n\n    27. De Vocum Great-go, Little-go, By-go, in concione qu\u00e2dam nuper\u00e2\n    perperam felici usu.\n\n     '[Greek: Eti to auto hupokorizesthai; esti de hupokorismos hos elatton\n         poiei k. t. l. eulabeisthai de dei].'--_Aristotle._\n\n    28. De statu\u00e0 matron\u00e6 venerabilis [Greek: t\u00eas] Goose nuper defunct\u00e6 in\n    medi\u00e0 Scholarum are\u00e0 collocand\u00e0.\n\n    29. De statutorum nostrorum simplici perspicuitate.\n\n     '[Greek: Anarchaion te kai atelentaion to pan.]'\n\n      Ephraim Jenkins, apud the _Vicar of Wakefield_.\n\n    30. An Procuratorum pedissequi recte nominentur Bull-dogs?\n\n    31. De passere intra Templum B. Mari\u00e6 concionantibus obstrepente per\n    statutum coercendo.\n\n     '[Greek: \u00d4 Zeu basileu tou phthegmatos tournithiou].'\n\n    32. Typographium Clarendonianum fam\u00e6 Universitatis male consulit, dum\n    Cornelium Nepotem et alios, id genus, libellos, in usum Scholarum\n    imprimit.\n\n     'Fama malum.'--_Virg._\n\n     'Qu\u00e6renda pecunia primum.'--_Horat._\n\n    33. De celeberrim\u00e0 Matron\u00e0 Knibbs ex Horatii mente deificanda.\n\n     'Divina tomacula porci.'\n\n    34. Exemplo viri clarissimi Joannis Gutch probatur mortales errori\n    obnoxios esse.\n\n    35. Petitur ut memoria viri prosapi\u00e0 ingenio et moribus spectatissimi\n    Gulielmi Stuart oratione annu\u00e0 celebretur.\n\n     'Integer vit\u00e6 scelerisque purus.'--_Hor._\n\n     'The merry poacher who defies his God.'\n                          _Oxford Spy._\n\n    36. Oxoni\u00e0 novo lumine vestit\u00e0, gaudent Bal\u00e6n\u00e6 Atlantic\u00e6, exulant\n    meretrices, Procuratores otio enecantur.\n\n     '[Greek: H\u00f4s ektos \u00f4men t\u00easde t\u00eas alampias].'\n\n     'Jam redit et Virgo, redeunt Saturnia regna.'--_Virg._\n\n    37. Probatur Bedellum Academicum vero et genuino sensu esse quartum\n    Pr\u00e6dicabile; quippe qui comes adsit Vice-Cancellario omni soli et\n    semper. Doctissimus tamen Higgenbrockius Differentiam potius esse\n    putat, eujus h\u00e6c sunt verba:\n\n     'Bedellus est de Vice-Cancellarii Essentia,\n      Nec potest dispensari cum absentia:\n      Nam sicat forma dat Esse Rei,\n      Sic Esse dat Bedellus ei.'\n\n    Nec errat forsan vir clarissimus, si enim Collegii eujusvis Pr\u00e6fectum\n    (genus) recte dividat Bedellus adstans (Differentia), fit illico\n    Species optata.--_Dominus Vice-Can._\n\n    38. Tutorum et Examinatorum Oxoniensium petitio Mediolanum transmissa,\n    ut Auctorum deperditorum restitutor nequissimus Angelus Maius, iste\n    mal\u00e8 feriatus, oculis et virilibus mulctetur.\n\n    39. Statuto quamprimum cautum sit, idque sub poenis gravissimis, ne\n    quis ad Universitatis privilegia admissus auctoris cujuspiam libros\n    feliciter deperditos invenire audeat, inventos huc asportet, imprimat,\n    imprimendos curet, denique impressos legat.\n\n    H\u00e6c sunt et horum similia, Academici, qu\u00e6 favore et Auspiciis vestris\n    auctor sibi evolvenda destinat. Ei investigandi t\u00e6dium, vobis\n    delectatio, adsit, et honos et gloria. In quantam molem assurgat\n    materies tam varia tam augusta non est in pr\u00e6senti ut pro certo\n    affirmetur. Spes est, ut omnia rite collecta, in ordinem breviter et\n    [Greek: enkuklopaidik\u00f4s] redacta, voluminibus, form\u00e0 quam vocant\n    'Elephant-Quarto,' non plusquam triginta contineantur.\n\n    Omnes igitur qui famam aut Academi\u00e6 aut suam salvam velint, moras\n    excutiant, Bibliopolam nostrum integerrimum pr\u00e6sto adeant, symbolas\n    conferant, deut nomina, ut hanc saltem a nobis immortalitatem\n    consequantur, ali\u00e0 fortasse carituri.\"\n\nJ. B. O.\n\nLoughborough.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nANSAREYS IN MOUNT LEBANON.\n\nIn the romance of _Trancred_, Mr. D'Israeli mentions the Ansareys, one of\nthe tribes of Lebanon, as worshipping the old heathen gods, Jupiter,\nApollo, and Astarte, or Venus. A writer of fiction is certainly not\nexpected to be bound to fact; but in such a matter as the present religion\nof an existing people, I feel doubtful whether to suppose this religion his\nown invention, or if he has any authority for it, and its connexion with\npagan Antioch. A people to-day retaining the worship of the old gods of\nGreece and Syria, is a matter of great interest. I have looked into\nVolney's _Travels in Syria and Egypt_, and in some later writers, but none\nof them state the paganism of Tancred to be the religion of the Ansareys.\nIt is, however, said to be a mystery, so not impossibly the account in\n_Tancred_ may be the reality. In the same work, the Sheikhs of Sheikhs, and\nhis tribe, the Beni-Rechab children of Rechab, are said to be Jews on\nhorseback, inhabiting the desert, and resembling the wandering Arabs in\ntheir mode of life. This also is curious, if there be such a people; and\nsome of your readers acquainted with the history and manners of Syria may\ngive information on these matters. The other tribes of Lebanon are singular\nand equally interesting:--the Maronites, Christians of the Roman Catholic\nsect, who, however, allow their priests to marry; the Metualis, Mahomedans\nof the sect of Ali; and the Druses, whose religion is unknown, and, as\nLamartine tells us, was entirely so to Lady Hester Stanhope, who lived\nyears in the middle of them. Volney divides the Ansareys {170} in several\nsects, of whom one worshipped the sun, another a dog, and a third had an\nobscene worship, with such lewd nocturnal meetings as were fabled of the\nYesedee.\n\nF.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPRIMERS OF THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.\n\nLittle is known respecting the Primers of this reign, and yet several\neditions were published. My object will be to give some information on the\nsubject, in the hope that more may be elicited from your correspondents.\n\nThere is an edition of the year 1559, 4to. Two copies only are known at\npresent; one in the library at Christ Church, Oxford, and the other at\nJesus College, Cambridge. It has been reprinted by the Parker Society. This\nPrimer contains certain prayers for the dead, as they stand in that of\nHenry VIII., 1545. In short, with the exception of \"An Order for Morning\nPrayer,\" with which it commences, this Primer follows the arrangement of\nthat of 1545; some things, relative to saints, angels, and the Virgin Mary,\nhaving been excluded.\n\nBut I have in my possession another edition in 12mo. of this reign, of\nwhich I can trace no other copy. My book wants the title, and consequently\nI cannot ascertain its date. It was formerly in Gough's possession. I am\ninclined to think that it is earlier than the edition reprinted by the\nParker Society.\n\nUnlike the book of 1559, mine commences with the Catechism, but the\nsubsequent arrangement is the same. The differences, when any exist,\nconsist in a more literal following of the Primer of 1545. The Prayers for\nthe Dead are retained as in the book of 1559. The Graces, also, are more\nnumerous in my edition, and some of them are not found even in King Henry's\nbook. One consists of an address, as from the master of the family, with an\nanswer from the other members. In some respects this is similar to a form\nin King Edward's Primer, while in others it is altogether different. At the\nclose of the Graces, the book of 1559 has the words \"God save our Queen and\nRealm,\" while in my edition the reading is the same as in the book of 1545,\n\"Lorde, save thy Churche, our Quene, and Realme,\" &c.\n\nIn \"The Dirige\" there is a very singular variation. In 1559 we find \"Ego\nDixi, Psalm Esaic xxxviii.;\" in 1545 it is only \"Esa. xxxviii.;\" in that of\n1546 the form is \"Ego Dixi, Psal. Esa. xxxviii.;\" and my edition has \"Ego\nDixi, Psal. xxxv.,\" being different from all the rest.\n\nSome curious typographical errors are also found in my edition. In the\nCatechism the word king is substituted for queen. In the third petition in\nthe Litany for the Queen, we have \"That it may please thee to be hys\ndefendour, and gevinge hym,\" &c.; yet in the previous clauses the pronoun\nis correctly used. It would seem that the printer had the Primer of 1545 or\n1546 before him, and that in these cases he followed his copy without\nmaking the necessary alterations.\n\nSuch are the more remarkable differences between my edition and that of\n1559.\n\nThere is a Primer of this reign in the Bodleian, quite different from mine\nand that of 1559. In this the Prayers for the Dead are expunged, and the\ncharacter of the book is altogether dissimilar. Two copies of this book\nexist in the Bodleian, which have been usually regarded as different\neditions. From a careful examination, however, I have ascertained that they\nare the same edition. One copy has the title, with the date 1566 on the\nwoodcut border; the other wants the title, but has the colophon, bearing\nthe date 1575. The latter is the true date of the book, and the date on the\ntitle is merely that of some other book, for which the compartment had been\nused in 1566. Such variations are common with early books. I have several\nvolumes bearing an earlier date on the title than in the colophon. Thus,\nthe first edition of Sir Thomas Elyot's _Castle of Health_ has 1534 on the\ntitle, and 1539 in the colophon. The latter was the true date. It may be\nremarked that the two books in the Bodleian of 1575 will together make up a\nperfect copy.\n\nSome of your correspondents may be able to mention another copy of the\nedition which I possess. I am very anxious to discover another.\n\nTHOMAS LATHBURY.\n\nBristol.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Objective and Subjective._--I tried, a little while ago, to show in your\npages that this antithesis, though not a good pair of terms, is\nintelligible, and justified by good English usage. But I must allow that\nthe writers who use these terms, do all that is possible to put those who\njustify them in the wrong. In a French work at least, recently published, I\nfind what appears to me a curious application of the corresponding words in\nthat language. M. Auguste Comte, in the preface to the third volume of his\n_Syst\u00e8me de Politique Positive_, speaks of some of his admirers who had by\ntheir \"cotisations,\" or contributions, supported him while he was writing\nthe work; and he particularly celebrates one of them, Mr. Wallace, an\nAmerican, adding:\n\n    \"Devenu jusqu'ici le principal de mes souscripteurs, Wallace a perp\u00e9tu\u00e9\n    _subjectivement_ son patronage _objectif_, en me leguant une annuit\u00e9 de\n    cinq cent francs.\"\n\nI must confess that the metaphysics according to which a sum paid by a\nliving man is _objectif_, and a legacy _subjectif_, is beyond my depth.\n{171}\n\nWhile I write, as if writers of all kinds were resolved to join in\nperplexing the use of these unfortunate words, I read in a journal,\n\"objective discussion in the sense of hostile or adverse discussion,\ndiscussion which proposed _objections_.\" I think this is hard upon the\nword, and unfair usage of it.\n\nW.\n\n_Lucy Walters, the Duke of Monmouth's Mother._--The death of this\nunfortunate woman is usually stated to have taken place at Paris. The date\nis not given, and the authority cited is John Evelyn. But Evelyn's words\nhave been misunderstood. He says, speaking of the Duke of Monmouth's\nexecution:\n\n    \"His mother, whose name was Barlow, daughter of some very mean\n    creatures, was a beautiful strumpet, whom I had often seen at Paris;\n    she died miserably, without anything to bury her.\"--_Diary_, July 15,\n    1685.\n\nThis passage surely does not imply that she _died_ at Paris? In the Parish\nRegisters of Hammersmith is the following entry:\n\n    \"1683, June 5, Lucy Walters bur.\"\n\nwhich I am fully persuaded records the death of one of King Charles's\nquondam mistresses.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_General Haynau's Corpse._--A most extraordinary account has reached us in\na private letter from Vienna to a high personage here, and has been the\ntalk of our _salons_ for the last few days. It appears that the\ncircumstance of the death of General Haynau presented a phenomenon of the\nmost awful kind on record. For many days after death the warmth of life yet\nlingered in the right arm and left leg of the corpse, which remained limpid\nand moist, even bleeding slightly when pricked. No delusion,\nnotwithstanding, could be maintained as to the reality of death, for the\nother parts of the body were completely mortified, and interment became\nnecessary before the two limbs above mentioned had become either stiff or\ncold. The writer of the letter mentioned that this strange circumstance has\nproduced the greatest awe in the minds of those who witnessed it, and that\nthe emperor had been so impressed with it, that his physicians had\nforbidden the subject to be alluded to in his presence. Query, Can the\nabove singular statement be verified? It was copied from a French paper,\nimmediately after the decease of General Haynau was known in Paris.\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\n_\"Isolated.\"_--This word was not in use at the commencement of the\neighteenth century, as is evident from the following expression of Lord\nBolingbroke's:\n\n    \"The events we are witnesses of in the course of the longest life\n    appear to us very often original, unprepared, single, and _unrelative_;\n    if I may use such a word for want of a better in English. In French, I\n    would say _isol\u00e9s_.\"\n\nThe only author quoted by Richardson is Stewart.\n\nR. CARY BARNARD.\n\nMalta.\n\n_Office of Sexton held by One Family._--The following obituary, copied from\nthe _Derbyshire Advertiser_ of Jan. 27, 1854, contains so extraordinary an\naccount of the holding of the office of sexton by one family, that it may\ninterest some of your readers, and may be difficult to be surpassed.\n\n    \"On Jan. 23, 1854, aged eighty-six, Mr. Peter Bramwell, sexton of the\n    parish church of Chapel-en-le-Frith. The deceased served the office of\n    sexton forty-three years; Peter Bramwell, his father, fifty years;\n    George Bramwell, his grandfather, thirty-eight years; George Bramwell,\n    his great-grandfather, forty years; Peter Bramwell, his\n    great-great-grandfather, fifty-two years: total 223 years.\"\n\nS. G. C.\n\n_Sententious Despatches_ (Vol. viii., p. 490.; Vol. ix., p. 20.).--In\naddition to the sententious dispatches referred to above, please note the\nfollowing. It was sent to the Emperor Nicholas by one of his generals, and\nis a very good specimen of Russian _double entendres_:\n\n    \"_Voli[=a] V[=a]sch[=a]_, [=a] Varsch[=a]voo vsiat nemogoo.\"\n\n    \"_Volia is your's_, but Warsaw I cannot take.\"\n\nAlso,--\n\n    \"_Your will is all-powerful_, but Warsaw I cannot take.\"\n\nJ. S. A.\n\nOld Broad Street.\n\n_Reprints suggested._--As you have opened a list of suggested reprints in\nthe pages of \"N. & Q.,\" may I be allowed to remark that some of Peter\nHeylin's works would be well worth reprinting.\n\nThere is a work of which few know the value, but yet a work of the greatest\nimportance, I mean Dr. O'Connor's _Letters of Columbanus_. A carefully\nedited and well annotated edition of this scarce work would prove of\ngreater value than any reprint I can think of.\n\nMARICONDA.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nPICTURES FROM LORD VANE'S COLLECTION.\n\nMy family became possessed of six fine portraits at the death of Lord Vane,\nhusband to that lady of unenviable notoriety, a sketch of whose life\n(presented by her own hand to the author) is inserted, under the title\n\"Adventures of a Lady of Quality,\" in _Peregrine Pickle_. I quote from my\n{172} relation who knew the facts.[2] Lord Vane was the last of his race,\nand died at Fairlawn, Kent, probably about the latter half of the last\ncentury.[3] The successor to his fortune selected a few pictures, and left\nthe remaining, of which mine formed a part, to his principal agent.\nAmateurs say they are by Sir Peter Lely: a fact I should be glad to\nestablish. I have searched Windsor Castle, Hampton Court, and Knowle Park\ncollections in vain for duplicates.\n\nNo. 1. is a young man in what appears to be a court dress, exhibiting\narmour beneath the folds of the drapery. Point lace neck-tie. 2. Do., in\nbrocaded silk and fringed dress. Point lace neck-tie and ruffles. A spaniel\nintroduced, climbing up his knee. 3. A youth sitting under a tree, with pet\nlamb. Point lace neck-tie and ruffles, but of simple dress. 4. A lady in\nflowing drapery. Pearls in her hair and round her neck, sitting under a\ntree. An orange blossom in her hand. 5. A lady seated in an apartment with\nmarble columns. Costume similar to No. 4, minus the pearls in the hair. A\nkind of wreath in her hand. 6. A lady in simple, flowing drapery, without\njewellery, save a broach or clasp on her left shoulder; holding a flower in\nher right hand. In all, the background is _very dark_, but trees and\nbuildings can be traced through the gloom. The hands are models, and\n_beautifully painted_. Size of pictures, divested of their carved and gilt\nframes, four feet two inches by three feet four inches. If any of your\nreaders can, from this description, give me any clue to the name of the\nartist, it will greatly oblige and be duly appreciated by an elderly\nspinster.\n\nS. D.\n\n[Footnote 2: [A correspondent in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for May, 1789,\np. 403., who was intimately acquainted with Lord and Lady Vane, states that\n\"though Dr. Smollet was as willing as he was able to embellish his works\nwith stories marvellous, yet he did not dress up Lady Vane's story of her\nLord. She wrote it as well as she could herself, and Dr. Shebbeare put it\nin its present form at her ladyship's request.\"]\n\n[Footnote 3: Lord Vane died April 5, 1789, at his house in Downing Street,\nWestminster. He was great-grandson of that inflexible republican, Sir Henry\nVane, executed on Tower Hill, June 14, 1662.--ED.]]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBURIAL-PLACE OF THURSTAN, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.\n\nThe church of All Saints, in Pontefract, county York, was some years ago\npartly restored for divine worship; and during the progress of the works, a\nbroken slab was discovered in the chancel part of the church, upon which\nwas cut an archiepiscopal cross, extending from the top apparently to the\nbottom. On the upper part of the stone, and on each side of the cross, was\na circle or ring cut down the middle by a dagger; and bearing on the circle\nthe following inscription in Old English characters:\n\n    \"+ in . god . is . all .\"\n\nIn the middle of the stone, and on each side of the cross, also appear a\nshield emblazoned with a rabbit or coney _sejant_.[4]\n\nBeneath this part appears the commencement of the inscription, which seems\nto have run across the surface of the stone, \"Orate pro anim....\" Here the\nstone is broken across, and the lower part not found.\n\nCan any of your numerous readers inform me if this stone could possibly be\nthe tombstone of Thurstan, Archbishop of York? It is said that he resigned\nthe see of York after holding it twenty-six years:\n\n    \"Being old and sickly, he would have been made a monk of Pontefract,\n    but he had scarcely put off his pontifical robes, and put on his monk's\n    dress, when death came upon him and made him assume his grave-clothes;\n    for he survived but eleven days after his resignation, dying Feb. 5,\n    1140.\"\n\nThurstan is stated to have been buried in the Monastery; but may he not\nhave been buried in the church of All Saints, which was the conventual\nchurch of the Priory of St. John the Evangelist, and was situated adjoining\nthe Grange, the site of the Priory? In the bull of Pope Celestine, \"right\nof burial in this church was granted to the monks, saving the privileges of\nneighbouring churches.\" (_Ch. de Pontif._ fol. 8. a.)\n\nGEORGE FOX.\n\n[Footnote 4: In \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. ix., p. 19., I find, under the head of\n\"Wylcotes Brass,\" an answer to the inscription \"In . on . is . all;\" and as\nthe inscription on the tombstone discovered in All Saints, Pontefract, was\nvery legibly written \"In God is all,\" may not one family be a branch of the\nother? Can you say where the quotation is from?]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Admiral Hopson._--In Tomkins' _History of the Isle of Wight_ (1796), vol.\nii. p. 123., an anecdote is told of a native of Bonchurch named Hobson, who\nafterwards became Admiral Hobson. It is mentioned that he was _an orphan_,\nbound apprentice to a tailor; and that being struck with the sight of a\nsquadron of ships off the Isle of Wight, he rowed off in a boat to them,\nand was received on the admiral's ship; that _the next day_, in an\nengagement with _the French_, when his ship was engaged yard-arm and\nyard-arm with the enemy, he climbed up the mast, clambered to the enemy's\nyard-arm, mounted to the top-gallant mast, and took down the flag. This\ncreated consternation in the enemy, who were soon defeated. Hobson was\n{173} promoted to be an officer, and ultimately became an admiral.\n\nThis is the story as told by Tomkins. I wish to know what was his\nauthority.\n\nConsulting Chernoch's _Lives of the Admirals_, I find mention of Admiral\nSir Thomas Hopson, a native of Bonchurch; who ran away from his parents,\nand did not return to his home till he was an admiral. This Sir Thos.\nHopson was made second lieutenant in 1672, the year of the action in\nSolbay, in which the Earl of Sandwich perished. He rose to the rank of\nVice-Admiral of the Red; and in the action of Vigo, in 1702, he\ndistinguished himself, and was knighted in consequence. He received a\npension of 500l. a year, and retired from the service in this year. He died\nin 1717. After he quitted the navy, he became Member of Parliament for\nNewtown, in the Isle of Wight.\n\nIt is evident that this Hopson is the _Hobson_ of Tomkins; and that Tomkins\nspoke of the French by mistake for the _Dutch_ enemy. But I cannot discover\nwhat authority he had for his account of the manner in which young Hobson\nfirst distinguished himself.\n\nG. CURREY.\n\nCharterhouse.\n\n_\"Three cats sat,\" &c._--Can any of your correspondents give me the end of\na ballad, beginning thus, which a very old lady in her ninetieth year is\nmost anxious to know?--\n\n \"Three cats sat by the fire-side,\n  With a basket full of coal dust,\n              Coal dust, coal dust,\n  With a basket full of coal dust.\"\n\nJULIA R. BOCKETT.\n\nSouthcote Lodge.\n\n_Herbert's \"Church Porch.\"_--Will any of your readers help me to the sense\nof the following stanza from George Herbert's _Church Porch_, verse 48:\n\n \"If thou be single, all thy good and ground\n  Submit to love; but yet not more than all.\n  Give one estate, as one life. None is bound\n  To work for two, who brought himself to thrall.\n  God made me one man; love makes me no more\n  Till labour come, and make my weakness score.\"\n\nThe lines of which I want the meaning are the last three.\n\nS. SINGLETON.\n\nGreenwich.\n\n_Ancient Tenure of Lands._--I should feel obliged to any of your readers\nwho would inform me as to the ancient tenure by which estates were held in\nthis country. For instance, a manor, including within its limits several\nhamlets, is held by A, who grants by subinfeudation one of the said hamlets\nto B; B dies, leaving a son and successor, who continues in possession of\nthe hamlet, and grants leases, &c., and thus for several generations. My\nquestion is, did A, in granting to B, relinquish all interest in the\nhamlet, or how much did he still retain, since in after years the hamlet is\nfound to have reverted to him, and no allusion is afterwards made to the\nsubinfeudatory lords who possessed it for some generations? It is presumed\nthat in early times lords of a manor were owners of the _lands_ of the\nmanor of which they were lords; at present an empty title is all that\nremains. When did the practice of alienating lands by a piecemeal partition\nand sale commence? and did a subinfeudatory lord possess the power of\nalienation? In fact, what is the origin of the numerous small freeholds\ninto which our ancient manors are broken up?\n\nJ. B.\n\n_Dramatic Works._--_Dramatic and Poetical Works_, very rare, privately\nprinted, 1840. Information relative to this work will oblige\n\nJOHN MARTIN.\n\nWoburn Abbey.\n\n_Devreux Bowly._--An old and excellent hall clock in this city bears the\nname of Devreux Bowly, of Lombard Street, London, as the maker. Can any of\nthe readers of \"N. & Q.\" (either horologists or others) say when he lived?\n\nUNEDA.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_\"Corruptio optimi,\" &c._--What is the origin or earliest use of the\nsaying, \"Corruptio optimi est, al. fit, pessima,\" in its present form? I\nstate it in this way, because I am aware of its having been referred to\nAristotle's remarks on the different forms of government. The old Latin\ntranslation however, does not contain the expression, and I have not traced\nit farther back than to writers of the seventeenth century,--to Jeremy\nTaylor, for instance.\n\nE. M.\n\nHastings.\n\n_Lamenther._--Who was the writer of the _Life of Lamenther, written by\nherself_, published by subscription in 1771? Is it a genuine narrative; and\nif so, where can I find a key to the initials?\n\nC. CLIFTON BARRY.\n\n_Sheriff of Somersetshire in 1765._--Will any of your correspondents\nresident in, or acquainted with the county of Somerset, oblige me by\nstating the date of death of James Perry, Esq., the Sheriff of that county\nin 1756; and also his place of residence, and the names of his children, if\nany; and where any of their descendants now reside?\n\nH.\n\n_Edward Brerewood._--Is there any authenticated portrait extant of this\nlearned mathematician? He was the first Gresham Professor of Astronomy at\nthe University of Oxford, and the {174} author of several important\nphilosophical works; one of which, on the _Diversity of Language_, has been\nmore than once reprinted. Possibly at Oxford, his _alma mater_, a portrait\nof him may be in existence; and I dare say some resident member of that\nUniversity will kindly endeavour to ascertain the fact.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\n_Elizabeth Seymour._--I have lately met with a pedigree in which it is\nstated that Sir Joseph Tredenham (I presume of Cornwall or Devonshire)\nmarried Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward Seymour, first baronet of the\npresent Duke of Somerset's line, by his wife Elizabeth Champernown; but\nanother pedigree gives this Elizabeth to George Cary of Cockington, co.\nDevon, Esq. Which is correct? Or did the said Elizabeth marry twice? and,\nin that case, which was the first husband?\n\nPATONCE.\n\n_Longfellow._--Could you inform me whether the name \"Longfellow\" may still\nbe traced in any parts of England? It is the belief of that distinguished\nAmerican poet that his name still exists in some of the south-western\ncounties; and it would be an additional gratification to him that his hopes\nwere confirmed by testimony.\n\nOXONIENSIS.\n\n_Fresick and Freswick._--In the map of the kingdom of Scotland, occurring\nin the _Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine_, by John Speed, 1614, pp.\n131-2., on the north-east point of Scotland a place is noted as _Fresick_\nEast, in the present maps _Freswick_. Is _Fresick_ a contracted form of\n_Freswick_? and if so, has it some reference to a settlement of the\nFrisians (anciently Fresians) on this coast? The village Freswick, on the\nborders of the Lek, and another Freswick in the neighbourhood of Deventus,\nboth in the Netherlands, near the Frisians, are supposed to owe their names\nto a settlement or refuge of those first parents of the Anglo-Saxons.\n\nD. H.\n\n_Has Execution by Hanging been survived?_--I have heard vague and\nindiscriminate tales of persons who, as criminals, have undergone\ninfliction of the punishment of hanging without total extinction of life;\nbut I have always been disposed to look upon such accounts as mere fables,\ntill lately, in turning over some newspapers of the year 1740, I found a\ncase mentioned, under such circumstances that, if it were untrue, its\nrefutation might have been easily accomplished. By _The Craftsman_ of\nSaturday, Sept 27, 1740, it appears one William Dewell had been concerned\nin the violation, robbery, and murder of a young woman in a barn at Acton\n(which place has so recently been the scene of another horrible crime).\n_The Craftsman_ of Saturday, Nov. 29, 1740, states that Dewell, having\nundergone execution, and being brought to Surgeons Hall to be anatomised,\n_symptoms of life appeared, and he quite recovered_.[5] This strikes me as\na most unaccountable story; but perhaps similar ones may have been met with\nin the reading of some of your correspondents.\n\n[Sigma].\n\n[Footnote 5: [Matt of the Mint in the _Beggar's Opera_ says, \"My poor\nbrother Tom had an accident this time twelve-month; and so clever a made\nfellow he was, that I could not save him from those flaying rascals the\nsurgeons; and now, poor man, he is among the 'otamies at Surgeons' Hall.\"\nThe executed culprit noticed by our correspondent, however, seems to have\nbeen _re-animated_ at Surgeons' Hall.--ED.]]\n\n_Maps of Dublin._--In Gough's _Topographical Antiquities of Great Britain\nand Ireland_, p. 689., it is stated that there is a map of the city and\nsuburbs of Dublin, by Charles Brookin, 1728, and a map of the Bay and\nHarbour of Dublin, with a small plan of the city, 1728. I have Brookin's\nmap of the city, 1728, but I have never seen or heard of any person who had\nseen the map of the Bay and Harbour of 1728. Possibly some of your\ncorrespondents could give information on the subject, and also state\nwhether there be any map of the city, either manuscript or printed, between\nSpeed's map of 1610 and Brookin's of 1728, and where?\n\nC. H.\n\nDublin.\n\n\"_The Lounger's Common-place Book._\"--Who was the editor of this work? Any\ninformation as to its literary history, and especially as to that of the\nrevised edition of it, will be very acceptable to\n\nW. H. S.\n\n_Mount Mill, and the Fortifications of London._--In a topographical account\nof Middlesex, published in the middle of the last century, I find the\nfollowing:\n\n    \"_Mount Mill_, at the end of Goswell Street, was one of the forts\n    erected by the Parliament for the defence of London.\"\n\nWill any of your correspondents be kind enough to inform me what the exact\nsite was; at what period it was demolished; what were the names and sites\nof any _other_ forts erected by the Parliament at the time for the purposes\nof defence; and, lastly, in what work any record of them may be found?\n\nB. R. A. Y.\n\n\"_Forms of Public Meetings._\"--Can any of your readers inform me of the\nname of the publisher of _Forms and Proceedings of Public Meetings_\nreferred to in _The Times_ of Sept. 16 or 17 last, and supposed to have\nbeen written by the Speaker of the House of Commons?\n\nZ. Y.\n\n{175}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Queen Elizabeth and the Ring._--Has the common story, respecting the Earl\nof Essex sending a ring to Queen Elizabeth by the Countess of Nottingham,\nin order to procure his pardon, any foundation in fact?\n\nT. T. W.\n\n    [Miss Strickland seems to have examined the traditionary notices of\n    this love-token. She says: \"The romantic story of the ring which, it is\n    said, the queen had given to Essex in a moment of fondness as a pledge\n    of her affection, with an intimation 'that, if he forfeited her favour,\n    if he sent it back to her, the sight of it would ensure her\n    forgiveness,' must not be lightly rejected. It is not only related by\n    Osborne, who is considered a fair authority for other things, and\n    quoted by historians of all parties, but it is a family tradition of\n    the Careys, who were the persons most likely to be in the secret, as\n    they were the relations and friends of all the parties concerned, and\n    enjoyed the confidence of Queen Elizabeth. The following is the version\n    given by Lady Elizabeth Spelman, a descendant of that House, to the\n    editor of her great-uncle Robert Carey's _Memoirs_: 'When Essex lay\n    under sentence of death, he determined to try the virtue of the ring,\n    by sending it to the queen, and claiming the benefit of her promise;\n    but knowing he was surrounded by the creatures of those who were bent\n    on taking his life, he was fearful of trusting it to any of his\n    attendants. At length, looking out of his window, he saw early one\n    morning a boy whose countenance pleased him, and him he induced by a\n    bribe to carry the ring, which he threw down to him from above, to the\n    Lady Scrope his cousin, who had taken so friendly interest in his fate.\n    The boy, by mistake, carried it to the Countess of Nottingham, the\n    cruel sister of the fair and gentle Scrope, and, as both these ladies\n    were of the royal bedchamber, the mistake might easily occur. The\n    countess carried the ring to her husband the Lord Admiral, who was the\n    deadly foe of Essex, and told him the message, but he bade her suppress\n    both.' The queen, unconscious of the accident, waited in the painful\n    suspense of an angry lover for the expected token to arrive; but not\n    receiving it, she concluded he was too proud to make this last appeal\n    to her tenderness, and, after having once revoked the warrant, she\n    ordered the execution to proceed. It was not till the axe had\n    absolutely fallen, the the world could believe that Elizabeth would\n    take the life of Essex.\"--_Lives of the Queens of England_, vol. iv. p.\n    747.]\n\n_Lives of English Bishops: Bishop Burnet._--I should be glad to know who is\nthe author of _The Lives of the English Bishops, from the Restauration to\nthe Revolution_; Fit to be opposed to the Aspersions of some late Writers\nof Secret History: London, printed for C. Rivington, at the Bible and Crown\nin St. Paul's Churchyard, MDCCXXXI? The name of \"Nath. Salmon, LL.B. CCCC,\"\nis written on the title-page; but it does not appear whether this is\nintended to indicate the author, or merely a former possessor of the copy\nnow lying before me. From this work, in which Burnet, Kennett, and others\nare very severely criticised, I send a curious extract relating to Burnet:\n\n    \"He puts me in mind of a petty canon of Exeter, to whom he used\n    military force upon refusal to alter the prayers at his command until\n    he should receive the proper instructions. He brought a file of\n    musqueteers upon him, and crammed his amendments down his throat. This\n    man, in a journey to London, visited the musical part of the Church of\n    Salisbury, and was as usual asked to sing an anthem at evening service.\n    He was a lover of humour, and singing the 137th Psalm, threw out his\n    right hand towards the bishop's stall, and with great emphasis\n    pronounced the words, 'If I forget thee--if I forget thee,' repeating\n    it so often that the whole congregation inquired after the meaning of\n    it. It was from that time ordered that no strange songster should come\n    up more.\"--P. 229.\n\nE. H. A.\n\n    [This work was written by Nathaniel Salmon, who was deprived of his\n    curacy for being a Nonjuror. He afterwards settled as a physician at\n    Bishop-Stortford in Hertfordshire, where he died in 1742. See a notice\n    of him, and his other works, in Bowyer's _Anecdotes_, p. 638.]\n\n_Eden Pedigree and Arms._--I find in Gough Nicholl's _Topographer and\nGenealogist_, vol. i. p. 173., mention of a monument in All Saints' Church,\nSudbury, to one of the Eden family; and a pedigree painted on the east wall\nof Eden, much defaced, with numerous arms, date 1615. Would any of your\ncorrespondents kindly give me particulars of this monument, pedigree, and\narms?\n\nELFFIN AP GWYDDNO.\n\n    [The monument was commenced by the second Sir Thomas Eden in 1615, and\n    contained, some years since, an inscription upon brass, a limbed\n    picture, and upon the wall, beneath the canopy, a pedigree of the\n    marriages of the family with those of Waldegrave, Peyton, Steward,\n    Workington, Harrys, and St. Clere. The whole having fallen into ruin,\n    it became necessary in 1851 to remove it. The brass being gone, the\n    following inscription upon the verge of the canopy alone was visible:\n    \"This tombe was finished at y^e coste of Sir Thomas Eden, Knight, Maie\n    16, 1617.\" A large mural monument to the memory of several of the Eden\n    family is about to be erected by its side. See the Rev. Charles\n    Badham's _History and Antiquities of All Saints' Church, Sudbury_, pp.\n    44-46. and 162., London, 1852; who says that the pedigree upon the wall\n    has been preserved, but does not state where it may be seen: it will,\n    however, be found among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum.]\n\n_The Gentleman's Calling._--Can any one tell me who was the author of this\nbook? It was printed in London for T. Garthwait, at the little north doore\nof St. Pauls, 1660.\n\nJOHN SCRIBE.\n\n    [This work is attributed to the uncertain author of _The Whole Duty of\n    Man_, and is included among the collected works of that writer in the\n    folio edition of {176} 1729. Compare \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. vi., p. 537., with\n    Vol. viii., p. 564.]\n\n_Obs and Sols._--Burton, in his _Anatomy of Melancholy_ (\"Democritus to the\nReader\"), 6th edition, has the following passage:\n\n    \"Bale, Erasmus, Hospinian, Vives, Kemnisius, explode, as a vast ocean\n    of _obs_ and _sols_, school divinity.\"\n\nWhat is the meaning of the terms _obs_ and _sols_?\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n    [This is a quaint abbreviation of the words _objectiones et\n    solutiones_, being frequently so contracted in the margins of books of\n    controversial divinity to mark the transitions from the one to the\n    other. Hence Butler (_Hudibras_, III. ii. 1237.) has coined the name of\n    _ob_ and _sollers_ for scholastic disputants:\n\n     \"But first, o' th' first: the Isle of Wight\n      Will rise up, if you should deny't;\n      Where Henderson, and the other masses,\n      Were sent to cap texts and put cases:\n      To pass for deep and learned scholars,\n      Although but paltry _ob_ and _sollers_:\n      As if th' unseasonable fools,\n      Had been a coursing in the schools.\"]\n\n_Fystens or Fifteenths._--Can you inform me what is the meaning of the word\n\"fystens.\" In looking over an old corporation chamber book some years ago I\nfound the following entries, of which I made extracts:\n\n \"1587. Paid to Mr. Mayor for fystenes, iiij. [_sic_].\n  1589. Paid Mr. Dyston for the fystens, xxxs.\n        More for the fystens, xxvjs.\n  1592. Paid for the fystenes, xixs. iijd.\n        More for the fystenes, xxxi_s_, vijd. _q._\n  1594. Paid to make up the fystenes, xxxijs. iijd.\n  1595. Paid for the fistenies, xxxs.\"\n\nIn a recent publication this last entry is extracted thus:\n\n \"1595. Paid for the fifteenths, 30s.\"\n\nPATONCE.\n\n    [This was the tribute or imposition of money called _fifteenths_,\n    formerly laid upon cities, boroughs, &c., so called because it amounted\n    to a fifteenth part of that which each city or town was valued at, or a\n    fifteenth of every man's personal estate, according to a reasonable\n    valuation. In 1588, on occasion of the Spanish invasion, the Parliament\n    gave Queen Elizabeth two subsidies and four fifteenths.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nHARDMAN'S ACCOUNT OF WATERLOO.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 199.)\n\nThe book for which G. D. inquires is, _A Descriptive Poem of the Battle of\nWaterloo, and Two previous Days_, dedicated to the Earl of Carlisle, by\nCaptain Hardman, London, 1827, 8vo., pp. 28. It appears from the dedication\nthat he was adjutant to the 10th Royal Hussars, of which the Hon. F. Howard\nwas major. He says:\n\n    \"We breakfasted together in the hovel on the 18th, in the morning, as\n    stated in the poem; and during that dreadful bloody day, he and I were\n    frequently discoursing about our situation; the good position occupied\n    by us; the humane feeling of our brave Duke for choosing that situation\n    to save men's lives; and once during the day our regiment was\n    completely sheltered; all the balls from the enemy flying over our\n    heads, except one that dropped about six yards from the major and me.\n    We were at that time dismounted about twenty minutes, to rest the\n    horses. I took the ball up; we looked at it, and had a good hearty\n    laugh over it.\"\n\nHere is the description referred to:\n\n    \"At three in the morning I went to Major Howard,--\n\n     'This morning, Major, is enough to make us all cowards;\n      Such a night of heavy rain I never before saw,\n      It has fell hard on my shoulders and made them raw;\n      But still I am hearty, can I do anything for you?\n      For on the face of this province I never will rue.'\n\n     'No, thank you, Hardman, not now, come by-and-by;\n      I have lain in this place till my neck's all awry.\n      My servant is getting a light, then a letter I write;\n      But I am so excessively cold I cannot one indite.\n      He shall then make a fire, and set water over,\n      Come in an hour and live with me in clover;\n      We will have some coffee and some fat fowl too,\n      Then we can face the French well at Waterloo!'\n\n     'Thank you, Major, I will do myself the honour,\n      That will be better than being sat on by the coroner.\"\n                                      P. 12.\n\nThe prose description of the charge is clear and vivid:\n\n    \"When we advanced to decide the destiny of the day, our right squadron\n    was in front, led on by the brave Major-General Sir. H. Vivian,\n    commanding our brigade; Lord Robert Manners commanding our regiment;\n    Major Howard commanding the right squadron; and I, the adjutant, in\n    front with those officers. Just as we began to advance, I said, 'Major,\n    what a grand sight we have before us!' 'Yes, it is,' said the major.\n    These were the last words he spoke, for in half a minute afterwards we\n    were right amongst them, slashing away; then there was no time to talk.\n    We quickly made them turn their backs towards us; but there was one\n    square of infantry that stood firm. That square made sad havoc among\n    us. The major was killed by that square. He was not six yards from the\n    muzzles of the French firelocks when he was shot. He fell off his\n    horse, and, I believe, never moved a finger; but I had not a moment's\n    time to stop, for we had not then cleared the field. This, my lord, is\n    a true account of the last moments of your lordship's late son, and one\n    of the best friends I ever had.\"--P. iv.\n\n     \"We then drove their cavalry past a solid square mass;\n      This mass stood firm against us, like solid brass.\n      {177}\n      This is the place where Hon. Major F. Howard was killed,\n      That grieved my mind sorely and my poor heart thrilled.\"--P. 19.\n\nThen follow some reflections which I abstain from quoting, as the way in\nwhich they are expressed would produce an effect quite contrary to the\nauthor's intentions. The burial is thus described:\n\n     \"I ordered the party to mount their horses,\n      And proceed to carry off and bury all our losses.\n      The party assemble here, now instantly move forward:\n      Serjeant, take care where you bury Major Howard.\n      Take two objects in view, or three if you can,\n      Then you will be sure to find him again!\n      He lies in the hollow, not far from the French guns.\n      Bury him by their side, but not where water runs.\"\n                                      P. 21.\n\nThe criticism of the note quoted by G. D. is sound: \"Hardman was no poet,\nbut he could describe graphically what he saw and did.\" The poem seems to\nhave been the result of a sudden thought. In the dedication he says it was\nnot begun till May 18, and \"A Letter to the Right Hon. George Canning,\"\nappended to it, is dated June 4. In the letter he says, that if he \"can get\ninto the printing-house again without loss,\" he will answer Mr. Canning\neffectually on the Catholic question. He also hopes \"to get before the\npublic every week,\" and \"to show that all gentlemen professing the law are\nthe most abused, and at the same time more honest than any other class in\nthis kingdom.\" Had the last-mentioned hope been fulfilled, I think I should\nhave heard of it. I have not met with any other work bearing Captain\nHardman's name; and probably his printer's bill (he was his own publisher)\nput an end to his literary career.\n\nI subjoin two specimens of the poem which, though not relating to the\nsubject of G. D.'s Query, may be interesting if you have room for them, as\nsuch poetry is not published every day. An exhortation to good conduct ends\nthus:\n\n 'Therefore let us prepare, the call may be very soon;\n  Then we shall not despair, if the call be made before noon:\n  But if our sins weigh us down, what misery and woe!\n  Ah! devils all slily squinting, and to them we must go.\n  Their eyes are flames of fire, their tongues are frightful darts,\n  Their looks a venomous ire, ready to pierce our feeble hearts,\n  Their cloven feet of enmity, their taily stings so long,\n  Their poisonous hearts of calomel, daily forming vicious songs.\"--P. 12.\n\nThe other describes his own narrow escape, and the death of an\nartilleryman:\n\n \"A ball from their infantry went through my jacket,\n  Took the skin off my side, and made me racket.\n  My sword-belt turned it, otherwise through it must have gone.\n  The stroke was very severe, compare it to a sharp gore.\n  Captain Fitzroy said, 'Harding is severely wounded;\n  A ball has gone through his side: here it comes, rounded!'\n 'Stop,' said I, 'a minute; I shall be ready for another shot,\n  I have now gotten my breath again, I will make them rot.'\n  I then said to a gunner who was alleviating a gun,\n 'Which of those columns do you mean to make run?'\n 'That,' said he, pointing with his finger to a very large mass.\n  A ball came that instant and turned him into brass.\n  It cut him in two; he then turned as yellow as that metal.\n  He was a strange sight to see, and appeared quite brittle.\"--P. 16.\n\nH. B. C.\n\nU. U. C.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDATES OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS OF THE PRETENDERS.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 565.)\n\nThough it is much to be regretted that the dates in question are not\nrecorded on the Stuart monument in St. Peter's, yet the deficiency is in\npart supplied by the cenotaph raised to the memory of his elder brother by\nCardinal York, in his cathedral church at Frascati. From it we find that\nCharles Edward deceased on 31st January, 1788, at the age of sixty-seven\nyears and one month. This date also fixes the year of his birth at 1720,\nand the month December; most probably the 28th, though often given as the\n31st. We give a copy of the inscription below.\n\nThe date of the birth and decease of James III. is correctly given in \"N. &\nQ.,\" Vol viii., p. 565.\n\nAn account of the sepulchral monument of the last of the Stuarts may\ninterest the readers of \"N. & Q.\" In the south aisle of St. Peter's, and\nagainst the first pier of the nave, is the monument of the Stuarts. It was\nsculptured by Canova to the memory of James, the old Pretender; Charles\nEdward, the young Pretender; and Henry Benedict, the Cardinal, who was\nknown in Rome as Cardinal York. Part of the expense of the monument was\ndefrayed by George IV., who sent a donation of fifty pounds for the purpose\nto Pius VII. The monument is built on to the masonry of the pier, of white\nmarble, about fifteen feet high, and is in the form of the frustrum of a\n{178} pyramid, and surmounted above the entablature by the royal arms of\nEngland. Below the arms are profile portraits in bas-relief of James,\nCharles Edward, and Henry Benedict, surmounted by a festoon of flowers.\nBeneath the portraits is the following inscription:\n\n              \"Jacobo III.\n    Jacobi II. Magn\u00e6 Brit. regis filio,\n              Karolo Edvardo,\n  Et Henrico, decano Patrum Cardinalium,\n             Jacobi III. filiis,\n     Regi\u00e6 Stirpis Stuardi\u00e6 postremis.\n              A.D. MDCCCXIX.\n              Beati mortui,\n         Qui in Domino moriuntur.\"\n\nThere is a representation of panelled doors, as if leading to a vault,\nbelow the inscription, though their sepulchre is not in this locality; a\nsmall triangular slab of marble surmounts the door, with the words \"Beati\nmortui,\" &c. A weeping angel in bas-relief guards the doorway on each side;\nthe head of each angel resting on the bosom, the wings drooping, the hands\nelevated, joined together, and resting on the end of an extinguished and\ninverted torch. The figures of the two angels are exquisitely beautiful,\nand among Canova's finest works.\n\nThe bodies, however, of these last representatives of a fallen line are not\nburied beneath this monument, but in the crypt under the dome, and in that\nportion of it called the \"Grotto Vecchie.\" There, in the first aisle to the\nleft on entering, against the wall, a tomb about six feet long by three\nbroad contains all that remains of the ashes of the last of the Stuarts.\nOver it is a plain slab of marble, with an inscription to announce that\nthis is the burial-place of \"James III., Charles III., and Henry IX., Kings\nof England.\" Even in death this royal race has not abandoned the claim they\nwere unable to enforce.\n\nOpposite to this monument is the monument of Maria Clementina, daughter of\nJames Sobieski, and grand-daughter of John Sobieski, King of Poland, wife\nof James III., and mother of Charles Edward and Henry Benedict. She married\non 3rd September, 1719, and died at Rome on 18th January, 1735. The\nmonument stands against the wall over the door leading to the staircase by\nwhich the public ascend to the cupola. Pietro Bracci carved the monument\nfrom the design of Filippo Barigioni, consisting of a pyramid of porphyry\non a base of Porta Santa marble, the whole relieved by a ground of blue sky\nand clouds painted on the wall. Under the elevated pyramid is the\nsarcophagus of porphyry, above which are two marble statues, one of\nCharity, and the other of an infant, which support a circular medallion\nportrait in mosaic, of Maria Clementina, by Cav. Cristofori, from a\npainting by Lewis Stern. Drapery of Sicilian alabaster, with a fringe of\ngilded bronze, falls in ample folds on both sides of the sarcophagus, which\nis flanked by two angels, one holding a crown and the other a sceptre; and\nupon it the words are carved \"Maria Clementina M. Britann. Fr. et Hibern.\nRegina.\" It was erected by the \"Fabbrica di S. Pietro,\" at the cost of\n18,000 scudi. There is another monument in Rome to Maria Clementina, and it\nis in the church of the SS. Apostoli, in the nave, upon the second pier on\nthe right-hand side. It contains her heart, and consists of a circular urn\nof verde antico, surmounted by a crown, over which two angels hover, of\nwhite marble; and below, a tablet of rosso antico, bearing an inscription,\nthus:\n\n      \"Mari\u00e6 Clementin\u00e6 Magn\u00e6 Britanni\u00e6\n  Etc. Regin\u00e6, Fratres Min. Cons. venerabundi pp.\n\n    Hic Clementin\u00e6 remanent pr\u00e6cordia, nam cor\n        C\u00e6lestis fecit ne superesset amor.\"\n\nCharles Edward has also another monument in addition to the one in St.\nPeter's, namely, at Frascati, fourteen miles from Rome, of which see\nCardinal York was bishop. Its position is to the left of the great entrance\ndoor; the inscription runs thus:\n\n    \"Hic situs est Karolus Odoardus, cui pater Jacobus III., Rex Angli\u00e6,\n    Scoti\u00e6, Franci\u00e6, Hiberni\u00e6, primus natorum, paterni juris et regi\u00e6\n    dignitatis successor et h\u00e6res, qui, domicilio sibi Rom\u00e6 delecto, Comes\n    Albanyensis dictus est. Vixit annos LXVII et mensem: decessit in pace\n    [Chi-rho] pridie Kal. Febr. anno MDCCLXXXVIII.\n\n    \"Henricus Card. Episc. Tusculan., cui paterna jura titulique cessere,\n    Ducis Eboracensis appellatione resumpta, in ipso luctu amori et\n    reverenti\u00e6 obsequutus, indicto in templum suum funere multis cum\n    lacrimis pr\u00e6sens justa persolvit fratri augustissimo, honoremque\n    sepulchri ampliorem destinavit.\"\n\nHenry Benedict, or Cardinal York, was born at Rome on 6th of March, 1725.\nHe was Bishop of Ostia and Velletri, Dean of the Sacred College,\nVice-Chancellor of the Roman Church, Arch-priest of St. Peter's, and\nPrefect of the Fabric of St. Peter's. He deceased at Frascati in July,\n1807. In the church at Frascati, on the left hand of the entrance into the\nsanctuary, there is a monument in his honour; but I have not a copy of the\ninscription.\n\nIt is needless to add that though all these monuments are made of the\nrichest marbles, and at great cost, the effect produced by them as\nChristian sepulchral monuments is unsatisfactory in the extreme. The\ninscriptions upon them are in equally bad taste.\n\nCEYREP.\n\n{179}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"COULD WE WITH INK,\" ETC.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 648., &c.)\n\nI agree with your learned correspondent MR. MARGOLIOUTH, that the\nauthorship of the lines alluded to must be ascertained by comparing _the\nwhole_, and not by a single expression. It seems to me highly probable that\nthey were suggested, either by the Chaldee hymn quoted by your\ncorrespondent, or by the lines of Chaucer, quoted \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. viii., p.\n180. I cannot, however, agree that the popular lines in question are a are\na translation of the Chaldee hymn. The improbability will appear, if we\ncompare them (as given \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. viii., p. 127.) with the following\nversion of the hymn; which, although metrical, will be found sufficiently\nliteral:\n\n \"To write the eternal power of God, no effort would suffice;\n  Although, such writing to contain, the volume were the skies;\n  Each reed a pen; and for the ink, the waters of the sea;\n  And though each dweller on the earth, an able scribe should be.\"\n\nThis hymn, I admit, is more succinct than the popular lines; but at the\nsame time I cannot but think that its author was indebted to the passage in\nthe Koran (\"N. & Q.,\" Vol. viii., p. 422.), immediately, or through\nChaucer; who has not only the general sentiment as there found, but also--\n\n \"Eche sticke a pen, eche man a scrivener able.\"\n\nI am equally convinced, that Mahomet himself took the thought from the\npassage in the New Testament, as suggested by your correspondent E. G. R.\nEach successive writer appears to have added something to what he borrowed.\nBut when the Evangelist, John, had said, \"_The world itself_ would not be\nable to contain the books that should be written,\" it was easy for one\nwriter to suppose an inkstand capacious as the sea; and for another to\nsupply parchment, pens, and scribes _ad libitum_. That the phrase in the\nKoran should _now_ be common in the East, is not wonderful, considering the\nextent to which Mahomedanism has prevailed there. After all, I do not think\nthat the _additions_ are any very great improvements. Without disputing\nabout tastes, I may say at least that, for my own part, I greatly prefer\nthe simplicity of the original idea, as expressed by the beloved disciple.\n\nJ. W. THOMAS.\n\nDewsbury.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMACKEY'S THEORY OF THE EARTH.\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 468. 565.; Vol. ix., p. 89.)\n\nA friend called on me this morning with the Number containing a notice of\nS. A. Mackey, supposing that, being a neighbour, I could furnish a few\nparticulars of that extraordinary man. The whole of his MSS. came into my\npossession after his demise. Amongst these was a MS. of his Life, written\nby himself, and of which I took a faithful copy: which I have transcribed\nfor gentlemen who wish to possess a copy. I am ready to furnish any\ngentleman with a copy, neatly written, book included, for 5s. It consists\nof fifty-two pages large demy 4to. The original is in the possession of a\nMr. Brereton of Flitcham, near Lynn, Norfolk, to whom I sold all the MSS.,\nMr. Brereton being an intimate friend of S. A. Mackey.\n\nI have on sale a copy of Mr. Mackey's _Works_, selected by Mr. Shickle,\nanother intimate friend; neatly done up in coloured cloth. Also a copy of\nhis _Mythological Astronomy_, with copious notes, in one hundred pages.\nAlso, an Appendix of forty-eight pages. And another copy of the MS.\nAstronomy, with notes; but minus the Appendix.\n\nI may as well inform you, that a friend of mine has in his possession a\nhalf-length full-size portrait of Mr. Mackey; admirably executed, and in\nprime condition, in a handsome frame. I believe it is for sale. I assure\nyou, when I first saw it, I felt at the moment a kind of impulse to shake\nhands with my old friend and neighbour.\n\nI shall feel great pleasure in answering any inquiries, so far as my\nknowledge extends. His Life is truly interesting; being that of a man born\nin sorrow, and cradled in adversity. Like him, I am a self-taught humble\nindividual, and in my eighty-second year.\n\nJ. DAWSON.\n\n15. Doughty's Hospital, Calvert Street, Norwich.\n\nIn July, 1830, Sampson Arnold Mackey delivered a course of six\n\"astro-historical lectures\" in a large room near the Philanthropic\nInstitution. The attendance was full, considering the subject, and I was\nsurprised at the admiration which many well-educated persons expressed for\nhis strange theories, to which they seemed to give full assent. To me his\ncalculations and etymologies appeared as good as those of Pluche, Sir W.\nDrummond, Volney, and Dupuis, but no better. I met him at the house of the\nlate Dr. Wright, then resident physician to Bethlehem Hospital. He was\nquiet and unassuming; but so perfectly satisfied that he had proved his\nsystem, that though ready to explain, he declined to answer objections, or\ndefend his opinions. As a remarkable example of \"the pursuit of knowledge\nunder difficulties,\" he excited sympathy, and I believe that he disposed of\nall the copies of his various works then unsold.\n\nH. B. C.\n\nU. U. Club.\n\n{180}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDO CONJUNCTIONS JOIN PROPOSITIONS ONLY?\n\n(Vol. viii., pp. 514. 629.)\n\nAs my name appears to have been referred to by two of your correspondents,\nMR. INGLEBY and H. C. K., in connexion with the above question, I request\nto be permitted to state my real views upon it, together with the grounds\nupon which they rest. In doing this I can only directly refer to the\nobservations of H. C. K., not having seen those of MR. INGLEBY to which he\nmakes allusion.\n\nAdmitting that there are many conjunctions which connect propositions only,\nI am unable to coincide with the view of my friend Dr. Latham and other\ngrammarians, that the property is universal. And I agree with MR. INGLEBY,\nas quoted by H. C. K., in thinking that the incorrectness of that view may\nbe _proved_. We possess the power of conceiving of any distinct classes of\nthings, as \"trees,\" \"flowers,\" &c. And we possess the power of connecting\nsuch conceptions in thought, so as to form, for instance, the conception of\nthat collection of things which consists of \"trees and flowers\" together.\nIf we possess the power of _performing_ this mental operation, we have\nclearly also the power of _expressing_ it by a sign. This sign is the\nconjunction \"and.\" It is assumed, what consciousness indeed makes evident,\nthat the power of forming conceptions is antecedent to that of forming\njudgments expressed by propositions.\n\nBut even if we proceed to form a judgment, as \"trees and flowers exist,\" it\nmay still be shown that the conjunction \"and\" connects the substantives\n\"trees,\" \"flowers,\" and not propositions. For if we reduce the given\nproposition to the form, \"trees exist and flowers exist,\" the conjunction\nbecomes wholly superfluous. It adds nothing whatever to the meaning of the\nseparate propositions, \"trees exist,\" \"flowers exist.\" Omit, however, the\nconjunction between the substantives in the original proposition, and the\nsense is wholly lost. What meaning can we attach, except by a convention,\nto the form of words \"trees flowers exist.\" Now there is, I conceive, no\nmore obvious principle in grammar than that the doctrine of the elements of\nspeech should be founded upon the examination of instances in which they\nhave a real meaning--in which their employment is essential, not\naccidental.\n\nIt is doubtless one of the consequences of the neglect of this principle,\nthat the older grammarians have made it a part of the definition of a\nconjunction, that it is a word \"devoid of signification\" ([Greek: ph\u00f4n\u00ea\nas\u00eamos]). See references in Harris, p. 240. Were the philosophy of grammar\nfounded, as alone it truly can be, upon the laws of thought, I venture to\nthink that such statements would no longer be accepted.\n\nIf the views which I have expressed needed confirmation, they would to my\nown mind derive it from the circumstance, that on applying to the original\nproposition that \"mathematical analysis of logic\" to which H. C. K. refers\n(not, I think, without a shade of scorn), it is resolved into the\nelementary propositions, \"trees exist,\" \"flowers exist,\" _unconnected by\nany sign_.\n\nLet us take, as a second example, the proposition, \"All trees are endogens\nor exogens.\" If the subject, \"all trees,\" is to be retained, there is, I\nconceive, but one way in which the above proposition can mentally be\nformed. We form the conception of that collection of things which comprises\nendogens and exogens together, and we refer, by an act of judgment, \"all\ntrees\" to that collection. And thus _the subject \"all trees,\" remaining\nunchanged_, the conjunction \"or\" connects the terms of the predicate, as\nthe conjunction \"and\" in the previous example connected those of the\nsubject. I am prepared to show that this is the only view of the\nproposition consistent with its strictly logical use. If H. C. K. insist\nupon the resolution \"any tree is an endogen, or it is an exogen,\" I would\nask him to define the word \"it.\" He cannot interpret it as \"any tree,\" for\nthe resolution would then be invalid. It must be applied to a _particular_\ntree, and then the proposition resolved is really a \"singular\" one, and not\nthe proposition whose subject is \"all trees.\"\n\nNot only do conjunctions in certain cases couple words, but in so doing\nthey manifest the dominion of mental laws and the operation of mental\nprocesses, which, though never yet recognised by grammarians and logicians,\nform an indispensable part of the only basis upon which logic as a science\ncan rest. And however strange the assertion may appear, I do not hesitate\nto affirm that the science thus established is a mathematical one. I do not\nby this mean that its subject is the same as that of arithmetic or\ngeometry. It is not the _quantitative_ element to which the term is\nintended to refer. But I hold, with, I believe, an increasing school of\nmathematicians, that the processes of mathematics, as such, do not depend\nupon the nature of the subjects to which they are applied, but upon the\nnature of the laws to which those subjects, when they pass under the\ndominion of human thought, become obedient. Now the ultimate laws of the\nprocesses which are subsidiary to general reasoning, such as attention,\nconception, abstraction, as well as of those processes which are more\nimmediately involved in inference, are such as to admit of perfect and\nconnected development in a mathematical form alone. We may indeed, without\nany systematic investigation of those laws, collect together a system of\nrules and canons, and investigate their common principle. This the genius\nof Aristotle has done. But we cannot thus establish _general methods_.\nAbove all, {181} we cannot thus establish such methods as may really guide\nus where the unassisted intellect would be lost amid the complexity or\nsubtlety of the combinations involved. How small, for instance, is the aid\nwhich we derive from the ordinary doctrines of the logicians in questions\nin which we have to consider the operation of mixed causes and in various\ndepartments of statistical and social inquiry, in which the intellectual\ndifficulty is almost wholly a logical one.\n\nFor the ground upon which some of these statements are made, I must refer\nto my recently-published work on the _Laws of Thought_. I trust to your\ncourtesy to insert these remarks, and apologise for the undesigned length\nto which they have extended.\n\nG. BOOLE.\n\nQueens College, Cork.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nROBERT BLOET.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 105.)\n\nRobert, Earl of Moreton, and Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, the Conquerors uterine\nbrothers, both accompanied William, acting conspicuous parts on his\ninvasion of England in 1066. The former died about 1090. Odo had been\nelected Bishop as far back as 1049. In 1088 he headed a conspiracy against\nWilliam II.; but being defeated at Rochester, retired to Normandy. The time\nof his death is uncertain, but is supposed to have occurred in 1096.\n\nThe first notice of Robert Bloet's name, is as a witness to one of the\ncharters of William II. to the monastery of Durham, granted in 1088 or\n1089. He was appointed Chancellor in 1090, consecrated Bishop of Lincoln in\n1093, and died in 1123.\n\nThese dates plainly prove that he was not \"identical\" with Robert, Earl of\nMoreton; and scarcely could be called cotemporary with him.\n\nHis supposed relationship to Odo is affirmed by Richardson, in his notes to\nGoodwin _de Pr\u00e6sulibus_, from an expression in his grant of the manor of\nCharleton to the priory of Bermondsey (Claud. A. 8., f. 118., MSS. Hutton);\nin which he says, \"quod pro salute anim\u00e6 Dom. mei Willelmi Regis, et\n_fratris mei_ Bajocens. Episcopi.\" If Odo be the Bishop here intended, the\nmeaning of \"fratris mei\" may be translated, not in the natural, but in the\nepiscopal sense, as brother of his order. But the grant is probably a\nforgery, or its date of 1093 incorrect, for at that time Odo was in exile;\nand Bloet would have scarcely ventured to insult the king, from whom he had\njust received rewards and advancement, by coupling with his the name of one\nwho had been banished as a traitor.\n\nFor farther particulars, allow me to refer your correspondent MR. SANSOM to\n_The Judges of England_, vol. i. p. 103.\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_A Hint to the Photographic Society._--It has been objected to this\nSociety, that beyond the establishment of its _Journal_, and the forming of\nan Exhibition, it has done very little to promote the improvement of the\nbeautiful art it was specially intended to advance. Such objections are\nvery easily urged; but those who make them should at least propose a\nremedy. It is in no unfriendly spirit that we allude to these complaints;\nand we well know how difficult it is for a body like the Photographic\nSociety to take any important step which shall not be liable to\nmisconstruction. We would however suggest, that among those endeavours\nwhich it would become the Society to make, there is one which might at once\nbe taken, namely, to secure for the photographic public a good paper. The\nwant of such an article is hourly felt. If the Photographic Society,\nfollowing the example of the _Society of Arts_, should appoint a Committee\nto take this matter into consideration, to define clearly and unmistakeably\nthe essentials of a good _negative_ paper for calotypes (for perhaps it\nwould be well to keep to a _good negative_ paper), and offer a premium for\nits production, a very short time would elapse before specimens of such an\narticle would be submitted for examination. It is clear that the premium\nneed be one only of small pecuniary value; for the fact of a maker having\nproduced such an article as should gain the prize, would secure him an\nample recompense in the enormous demand which would instantly arise for a\npaper which should be stamped with the public approval of a body entitled\nto speak with so much authority on such a subject as the Council of the\nPhotographic Society.\n\n_Test for Nitrate of Silver._--The READER OF PHOTOGRAPHIC WORKS, who in\nVol. ix., p. 111., asked for information as to how he might know whether\nnitrate of silver was pure, can detect any impurities with which that salt\nis likely to be contaminated, by applying a few simple tests to an aqueous\nsolution of it. The impurities which nitrate of silver most frequently\ncontains are nitrate of copper, nitrate of potash, and free nitric acid. It\nis also sometimes intentionally adulterated with nitrate of lead. The\npresence of a salt of copper is detected by the solution assuming a blue\ncolour when mixed with an excess of ammonia. To detect nitrate of potash,\nhydrochloric acid should be added to the solution in sufficient quantity to\nprecipitate the whole of the silver. The liquid should then be freed from\nthe precipitate by filtration, and evaporated; if nitrate of potash is\npresent, a fixed residue will remain after evaporation. The presence of a\nsalt of lead is detected by adding a few drops of sulphuric acid to the\nsolution of nitrate of silver, which precipitates the lead as sulphate if\npresent. It is, however, necessary to dilute the acid with a considerable\nquantity of water, and, if any precipitate forms, to allow it to subside\nprevious to using it as a test for lead, as ordinary sulphuric acid is\nfrequently contaminated with sulphate of lead, which is soluble in the\nstrong, but not in dilute, acid.\n\nAny free nitric acid in the nitrate of silver can be detected by the smell.\nThe crystals can be freed from {182} it, should they contain any, by fusing\nthem in a porcelain crucible over a spirit-lamp. The ordinary fused lunar\ncaustic of the surgeon is unfit for general use as a photographic agent.\n\nJ. LEACHMAN.\n\n_Professor Hunt's Photographic Studies._--My attention has just been\ndirected to a \"Practical Photographic Query\" in your Journal, Vol. ix., p.\n41., which appears to require a reply from me. It is quite evident that\nyour correspondent, notwithstanding the personal respect which he professes\nto entertain, cannot have any intimate knowledge of either my works or my\nstudies. Allow me to make my position clear to him and other of your\nreaders. My first photographic experiment dates from January 28, 1839, and\nsince that period the investigation of the _chemical phenomena of the solar\nrays_ has been the constant employment of all the leisure which a busy life\nhas afforded me. The production of photographic pictures has never been the\nultimate object at which I have aimed, although my researches have caused\nme to obtain thousands. My object has been, and is, to endeavour to obtain\nsome light into the mysteries of the radiant force with which the\nphotographic artist works, being quite content to leave the production of\nbeautiful images to other manipulators.\n\nAs I write on the subject, it appears, of course, necessary that I should\nbe familiar with all the details of manipulation in each process which I\nmay describe. Whenever I have mentioned, in either of my works, a process\nwith which I have not been entirely familiar, I have given the name of the\nauthority upon whom I have depended. But there will not be found in either\nmy _Photography_, or my _Researches on Light_ (of which a greatly enlarged\nedition will soon be submitted to the public), any one process upon which I\nhave not made such experiments as appeared to me necessary to my\nunderstanding the _rationale_ of the chemical changes involved, and of the\nphysical phenomena which arise.\n\nNow, since it is not necessary to select a picturesque object to instruct\nme in these points, the same buildings, trees, and plaster casts have been\ncopied times beyond number; and when the problem under examination has been\nsolved, these pictures have been destroyed.\n\nThere are twenty exhibitors of pictures in the Photographic Gallery who\nwould certainly leave my productions far behind, as it concerns their\npictorial character; but I am confident there is not one who has made the\nphilosophy of Photography so entirely his study as I have done.\n\nI have been engaged for the last two years in studying the chemical action\nof the prismatic spectrum. I inclose you my report on this subject to the\nBritish Association for 1852 (that for 1853 is now in the hands of the\nprinter), from which you will perceive that I am employing myself to\ngreater advantage to photography, as science under art, than I should be\ndid I enter the lists with those who catch the beauties of external nature\non their sensitive tablets, and secure for themselves and others pictures\ndrawn by the solar pencil, in which no one can more deeply delight than\nyour humble servant.\n\nROBERT HUNT.\n\n_Waxed-paper Pictures._--Will your correspondents or yourself do me the\nfavour to say, how such beautiful pictures have been produced and exhibited\nby Mr. Fenton and others by the waxed-paper medium, if that process be so\nbad and defective? When I have followed it, and exercised consistent\npatience, I have ever produced pleasing and faithful results. That when\nparties do not themselves prepare, it becomes expensive, I am willing to\nadmit; but I am inclined to attribute many failures to the uncertain heat\nof hot irons, which _must_ vary; and I make this fact known to you as the\nresult of my own observation on many sheets: added to which, defective\nmanipulation, or impure chemicals, must not be allowed to do away with its\nhaving much merit.\n\nHARLEY LANE.\n\n_The Double Iodide Solution._--In a note appended to DR. MANSELL'S\ncommunication on the calotype (Vol. ix., p. 134.), you state that having\nlately prepared the double iodide solution according to the formula given\nby DR. DIAMOND, in which it required 650 grains of iodide of potassium to\ndissolve a 60-grain precipitate, you were inclined to believe, until you\nmade the experiment yourself, that DR. MANSELL must have made a wrong\ncalculation as to the quantity of iodide of potassium (680 grains) which he\nstated was sufficient to dissolve a 100-grain precipitate, as the\ndifference appeared so small for a solution more than one-third stronger.\n\nThe small difference referred to with respect to the quantity of iodide of\npotassium required, is owing to the amount of water used being in both\ncases the same. A slight difference in the strength of a solution of iodide\nof potassium makes a great difference with respect to the quantity of\niodide of silver it is capable of dissolving. Thus, if you remove a small\nproportion of the water from a solution of the double iodide of silver by\nevaporation, the slight increase of strength which the solution will\nthereby acquire, will enable it to take up a much larger proportion of\niodide of silver than it already contains; and if, on the other hand, you\ndilute it with a small proportion of water, its diminished strength (unless\nthe solution contains a great excess of iodide of potassium) will cause the\nprecipitation of a large proportion of the iodide of silver. And hence the\ngreat variation in the amount of iodide of potassium which is found\nrequisite to form a solution of the double iodide of silver, under the same\napparent conditions with regard to the proportions of the other ingredients\nemployed, may be accounted for by the impossibility of _measuring_ off with\nsufficient accuracy the proper proportion of water.\n\nWhenever _exact_ quantities of liquids are required, recourse should always\nbe had to the balance, for no great accuracy can be depended upon by\nmeasurement with our ordinary glass measures, even supposing them to be\ncorrectly graduated, which is not always the case.\n\nJ. LEACHMAN.\n\n_Dr. Mansell's Process._--DR. MANSELL'S lucid and very practical paper on\nthe calotype process in \"N. & Q.\" must, I am sure, be of the greatest\nservice to photographers in general; and as one of the many I am\nirresistibly tempted to offer my sincere and hearty {183} thanks to him for\nthe truly valuable hints it contains. If DR. MANSELL will give the\nrationale of the necessity of not allowing a longer time than absolutely\nrequired for the soaking out the now injurious iodide of potassium, set\nfree by the deposit of the iodide of silver; and also, an explanation of\nthe cause of that part of the iodized papers which takes the longest time\nin drying being weaker than that part which had been more hastily dried,\nthe learned Doctor will still be adding to our present account of\nobligation to him.\n\nHENRY HELE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Buonaparte's Abdication_ (Vol. ix., p. 54.).--In an article on this\nsubject, after referring to Wilkinson's shop on Ludgate Hill, your\ncorrespondent states that \"Wilkinson's shop does not now exist.\" In justice\nto ourselves, we trust you will insert this letter, as such a remark may be\nprejudicial to us. Having sold our premises on Ludgate Hill to the Milton\nClub, we have removed our establishment to No. 8. Old Bond Street,\nPiccadilly.\n\nAs regards the table spoken of, your informant must be labouring under some\nstrange error. We do not remember ever having, or pretending to have, the\noriginal table on which the Emperor Napoleon signed his abdication. Many\nyears ago, a customer of ours lent us a table with some such plate as you\ndescribe, which he had had made abroad from the original, for us to copy\nfrom; and after this we made and sold several, but only as copies. We\ncannot charge our memory with the correctness of the inscription you\npublish; and, moreover, we believe the words \"a fac-simile,\" or something\nto that effect, were engraved as a heading to those made by us.\n\nCHAS. WILKINSON & SONS.\n\n8. Old Bond Street.\n\n    [We willingly give insertion to this disclaimer from so respectable a\n    firm as MESSRS. WILKINSON & SONS; from which it appears that our\n    correspondent A CANTAB has not made \"when found, a _correct_ note\" of\n    the fac-simile. Another correspondent has favoured us with the\n    following additional notices of the original table: \"On Dec. 8, 1838, I\n    saw the table on which Napoleon signed his abdication at the Chateau of\n    Fontainebleau, on which there are two scratches or incisures said to\n    have been made by him with a penknife. These injuries upon the surface\n    of the table were so remarkable as to attract my attention, and I\n    inquired about them of the attendant. He said Napoleon, when excited or\n    irritated, was in the habit of handling and using anything which lay\n    beside him, perhaps to allay mental agitation; and that he was\n    considered to have so used a penknife, and disfigured the table.\"]\n\n_Burton Family_ (Vol. ix., p. 19.).--I know not whether E. H. A. is\ninterested about the Burtons of Shropshire. If he is, he will find an\ninteresting account of them in _A Commentary on Antoninus his Itinerary,\n&c. of the Roman Empire, so far as it concerneth Britain_, &c.: London,\n1658, p. 136.\n\nCLERICUS (D.).\n\n_Drainage by Machinery_ (Vol. viii., p. 493.).--E. G. R. will perhaps find\nwhat he wants on this subject in Walker's\n\n    \"Essay on Draining Land by the Steam Engine; showing the number of\n    Acres that may be drained by each of Six different-sized Engines, with\n    Prime Cost and Annual Outgoings: London, 1813, 8vo., price 1s. 6d.\"\n\nHe will find a complete history of the drainage of the English fens in Sir\nWilliam Dugdale's\n\n    \"History of Embanking and Draining of divers Fens and Marshes, both in\n    Foreign Parts and in this Kingdom, and of the Improvement thereby:\n    adorned with sundry Maps, &c. London, 1662, fol. A New Edition, with\n    three Indices to the principal Matters, Names, and Places, by Charles\n    Nelson Cole, Esq.: London, 1772, fol.\"\n\nMr. Samuel Wells published, in 1830, in 2 vols. 8vo., a complete history of\nthe Bedford Level, accompanied by a map; and I may add that the late Mr.\nGrainger, C.E., read a series of papers on the draining of the Haarlem Lake\nto the Society of Arts in Edinburgh, which, I believe, were never\npublished, but which may, perhaps, be accessible to E. G. R.\n\nHENRY STEPHENS.\n\n_Nattochiis and Calchanti_ (Vol. ix., pp. 36. 84.).--The former of these\nwords being sometimes spelt _natthocouks_ in the same deed, shows the\nignorance or carelessness of the scribe, the reading being clearly corrupt;\nI would suggest _cottagiis_, cottages, and by \"g^anis\" I should understand\nnot _granis_, as F.S.A. supposes, but _gardinis_, gardens. The line will\nthen run thus:\n\n \"Cum omnibus gardinis et cottagiis adjacentibus.\"\n\nIt will be seen that this differs from the solution proposed by MR. THRUPP\n(p. 84.).\n\nWith respect to the latter word, _calchanti_, I regret that I cannot offer\na satisfactory solution. Possibly the word intended may have been\n_calcanthi_, copperas, vitriol, or the water of copper or brass; but I find\nin the _Index Alter_ of Ainsworth, the word--\n\n    \"CALECANTUM. A kind of earth like salt, of a binding nature. _Puto pro\n    Chalcanthum, Vitriol, L._\"\n\nWill this tally with the circumstances of the case? I presume that the\nwords _liquor_, _mineral_, &c., following _calchanti_ in the grant, are\ncontractions for the genitive plural of those words; the subject of the\ngrant being the tithes of all those substances.\n\nH. P.\n\nLincoln's Inn.\n\n{184}\n\n_\"One while I think,\" &c._ (Vol. ix., p. 76.).--These lines will be found\nin _The Synagogue_, p. 41., by Christopher Hervie.\n\nM. ZACHARY.\n\n_\"Spires 'whose silent finger points to heaven'\"_ (Vol. ix., pp. 9.\n85.).--F. R. M., M.A., seems not to have observed that Wordsworth marks\nthis line as a quotation; and in the note upon it (_Excursion_, 373.) gives\nthe poetical passage in _The Friend_, whence he took it, thus acknowledging\nColeridge to be the author. The passage is not to be found in the modern\nedition of _The Friend_, by the reference in Wordsworth's note to \"_The\nFriend_, No. 14. p. 223.\" I presume that _The Friend_ was originally\npublished in numbers, and that it is to that publication Wordsworth refers.\nThis is not simply the case, as F. R. M., M.A., suggests, of two authors\nusing the same idea, but of one also honestly acknowledging his debt to the\nother. The idea is of much older date than the prose of Coleridge, or the\nverse of Wordsworth. Milton, in his Epitaph on Shakspeare, has:\n\n \"Under a star y-pointing pyramid.\"\n\nPrior has the following line:\n\n \"These pointed spires that wound the ambient sky.\"\n                      Prior's _Poems_: Power, vol. iii. p. 94.,\n                          Edin. 1779.\n\nIn Shakspeare we find:\n\n \"Yon towers, whose wanton tops do buss the clouds.\"\n                      _Troilus and Cressida_, Act IV. Sc. 5.\n\nThe idea is traceable in Virgil's description of \"Fame\" or \"Rumour\" in the\n4th \u00c6neid:\n\n \"... caput inter nubila condit.\"\n\nJ. W. FARRER.\n\n_Dr. Eleazar Duncon_ (Vol. ix., p. 56.).--D. D. will find some mention of\nDr. Duncon in a correspondence between Sir Edward Hyde and Bishop Cosin,\nprinted among the _Clarendon State Papers_ (ed. Oxford, vol. iii., append.\npp. ci. cii. ciii.), from which it appears that, in 1655, Dr. Duncon was at\n_Saumur_; where also Dr. Monk Duncan, a Scotch physician, was a professor\n(Conf. note _a_, p. 375. of Cosin's _Works_, vol. iv., as published in the\nAnglo-Catholic Library). I regret that I cannot furnish D. D. with the when\nand where of Dr. Duncon's death.\n\nJ. SANSON.\n\n_\"Marriage is such a rabble rout\"_ (Vol. iii., p. 263.).--\n\n \"Marriage is such a rabble rout,\n  That those that are out would fain get in,\n  And those that are in would fain get out.\"\n\nI do not think it is against the rules of \"N. & Q.\" for any Querist to put\na _rider_ on any of his own Queries. In a volume entitled _The Poetical\nRhapsody_, by Francis Davidson, edited, with memoirs and notes, by Nicholas\nH. Nicolas, London, Pickering, 1826, under the head of \"A Contention\nbetwixt a Wife, a Widow, and a Maid,\" p. 21., occur the following lines:\n\n \"_Widow._ Marriage is a continual feast.\n\n  _Maid._ Wedlock, indeed, hath oft compared been\n  To public feasts, where meet a public rout,\n  Where they that are without would fain go in,\n  And they that are within would fain go out,\" &c.\n\nThis piece is signed \"Sir John Davis.\"\n\nS. WMSON.\n\n_Cambridge Mathematical Questions_ (Vol. ix., p. 35.).--IOTA is informed\nthat the questions set at the examination for honours, are annually\npublished in the _Cambridge University Calendar_. He should consult the\nback volumes of that work, which he will probably find in any large\nprovincial library.\n\nThese questions, with solutions at length, are also annually published by\nthe Moderators and Examiners in one quarto volume. All the Senate House\nexamination papers are annually published by the editor of the _Cambridge\nChronicle_, in a supplement to one of the January numbers of that\nperiodical.\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nP.S.--As I write from memory, I may have been guilty of some slight\ninaccuracy in details.\n\nI think the _Cambridge University Calendar_ will contain all the\nmathematical questions proposed in the Senate House for the period\nmentioned. Those from 1801 to 1820 inclusively were also published by Black\nand Armstrong (Lond. 1836), to accompany the revised edition of Wright's\nsolutions. The problems from 1820 to 1829 inclusive are reprinted in vol.\nv. of Leybourne's _Mathematical Repository_, new series, and in vol. vi.\nthose for 1830 and 1831 are given. In 1849 the Rev. A. H. Frost arranged\nand published the questions proposed in 1838 to 1849. Perhaps this may be\nfound satisfactory.\n\nT. T. WILKINSON.\n\n_Reversible Masculine Names_ (Vol. viii., pp. 244. 655.).--If you allow\n_Bob_, you cannot object to _Lol_, the short for _Laurence_. Lord Glenelg\nand the Hebrew abba will not perhaps be held cases in point, but _Nun_,\n_Asa_, and _Gog_, and probably many other Scripture names, may be\ninstanced; and _Odo_ and _Otto_ from profane history, as well as the\nPeruvian Capac.\n\nP. P.\n\n_The Man in the Moon_ (Vol. vi., pp. 61. 182. 232. 424.).--\n\n    \"As for the forme of those spots, some of the vulgar thinke they\n    represent a man, and the poets guesse 'tis _the boy Endymion_, whose\n    company shee loves so well, that shee carries him with her; others will\n    have it onely to be the face of a man as the moone is usually pictured;\n    but Albertus thinkes rather that it represents {185} _a lyon_, with his\n    taile towards the east and his head to the west; and some others\n    (Eusebius, Nieremb. _Hist. Nat._, lib. VIII. c. xv.) have thought it to\n    be very much like a _fox_, and certainly 'tis as much like a lyon as\n    that in the zodiake, or as Ursa Major is like a beare.... It may be\n    probable enough that those spots and brighter parts may show the\n    distinction betwixt the sea and land in that other world.\"--Bishop\n    Wilkin's _Discovery of a New World_, 3rd. edit., Lond. 1640, p. 100.\n\n \"Does the _Man in the Moon_ look big,\n  And wear a huger periwig;\n  Show in his gait, or face, more tricks\n  Than our own native lunatics?\"\n                  _Hudibras_, pt. II. c. iii. 767.\n\nTo judge from his physiognomy, one would say the Man in the Moon was a\n_Chinese_, or native of the Celestial Empire.\n\nEIRIONNACH.\n\n_Arms of Richard, King of the Romans_ (Vol. viii., p. 653.).--With\nrespectful submission to MR. NORRIS DECK, and notwithstanding his ingenious\nconjecture that the charges on the border are pois, and the seal which he\nmentions in his last communication, I think the evidence that the border\nbelongs to Cornwall, and not to Poictou, is perfectly conclusive.\n\n1. The fifteen bezants in a sable field have been time out of mind regarded\nas the arms of Cornwall, and traditionally (but of course without\nauthority) ascribed to Cadoc, or Caradoc, a Cornish prince of the fifth\ncentury. They occur in juxtaposition with the garbes of Chester, upon some\nof the great seals of England, and I think also upon the tomb of Queen\nElizabeth; and they are, to the present day, printed or engraved on the\nmining leases of the duchy.\n\n2. Bezants on sable are extremely frequent in the arms of Cornish families;\nbut crowned lions rampant gules do not occur in a single instance of which\nI am aware, except in the arms of families named Cornwall, who are known or\npresumed to be descended from this Richard, and bear his arms with sundry\ndifferences. Bezants on sable are borne (_e.g._) by Bond, Carlyon,\nChamberlayne, Cole, Cornwall (by some without the lion), Killegrew,\nSaint-Aubyn, Treby, Tregyan (with a crowned eagle sable, holding a sword),\nTreiago, and Walesborough, all of Cornwall; and it is to be remarked that\nbezants are not a common bearing in other parts of England, especially not\non sable.\n\n3. When Roger Valtorte married Joan, daughter of Reginald de Dunstanville\n(who was natural son of Henry I., and Earl of Cornwall nearly a century\nbefore Richard, King of the Romans, but never Earl of Poictou), he added to\nhis paternal arms a border sable bezant\u00e9e.\n\nThis is but a small portion of the evidence which might be adduced; but it\nis, I think, quite enough to justify the statements of Sylvanus Morgan,\nSandford, Mr. Lower, and others, that the bezants pertain not to Poictou,\nbut to Cornwall.\n\nH. G.\n\n_Brothers with the same Christian Name_ (Vol. viii., pp. 338. 478.).--If\nyour various correspondents, who adduce instances of two brothers in\nfamilies having the same Christian names (both brothers being alive), will\nconsult Lodge's _Peerage_ for 1853, they will find the names of the sons of\nthe Marquis of Ormonde thus stated:\n\n    \"James Edward Wm. Theobald, Earl of Ossory, born Oct. 5, 1844.\n\n    \"Lord James Hubert Henry Thomas, born Aug. 20, 1847.\n\n    \"Lord James Arthur Wellington Foley, born Sept. 23, 1849.\n\n    \"Lord James Theobald Bagot John, born Aug. 6, 1852.\"\n\nThe Christian name of the late Marquis was James; and whichever of his\ngrandsons shall succeed the present possessor of the title, will bear the\nsame Christian name as the late peer.\n\nJUVERNA.\n\n_Arch-priest in the Diocese of Exeter_ (Vol. ix., p. 105.).--Haccombe is\ndoubtless the parish in the diocese of Exeter, where MR. W. FRASER will\nfind the arch-priest about whom he is inquiring. Haccombe is a small\nparish, having two houses in it, the manor-house of the Carew family and\nthe parsonage. It is said that, by a grant from the crown, in consequence\nof services done by an ancestor of the Carews, this parish received certain\nprivileges and exemptions, one of which was that the priest of Haccombe\nshould be exempt from all ordinary spiritual jurisdiction. Hence the title\nof arch-priest, and that of chorepiscopus, which the priests of Haccombe\nhave claimed, and perhaps sometimes received. The incumbent of Bibury, in\nGloucestershire, used to claim similar titles, and like exemption from\nspiritual jurisdiction.\n\nJ. SANSOM.\n\nSince sending my Query on this subject, I have obtained the following\ninformation. The Rectory of Haccombe, which is a peculiar one, in the\ndiocese of Exeter, gives to its incumbent for the time being the dignity of\narch-priest of the diocese. The arch-priest wears lawn sleeves, and on all\noccasions takes precedence after the bishop. The late rector, the Rev. T.\nC. Carew, I am told, constantly officiated in lawn sleeves attached to an\nA. M. gown, and took the precedence due to his spiritual rank as\narch-priest of the diocese. The present arch-priest and Rector of Haccombe\nis the Rev. Fitzwilliam J. Taylor. Does such an office, or rather dignity,\nexist in any other case in the Anglican Church?\n\nWM. FRASER, B.C.L.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n{186}\n\n_\"Horam coram dago\"_ (Vol. ix., p. 58.).--Your correspondent [Sigma]. is\nprobably thinking of Burns' lines \"Written in a wrapper, inclosing a letter\nto Captain Grose,\" &c.:\n\n \"Ken ye aught o' Captain Grose?\n    Igo et ago,\n  If he's among his friends or foes,\n    _Iram, coram, dago_.\"\n\nIt is not very likely, however, that this should be the first appearance of\nthis \"burden,\" any more than of \"Fal de ral,\" which Burns gives to other\npieces both before and after this. It may have a meaning (as I believe one\nhas been found for \"Lilliburlero,\" &c.), but I should think it more likely\nto be sheer _gibberish_.\n\nBy the way, how comes _burden_ to be used in the sense of \"chorus or\nrefrain?\" I believe we have the authority of Shakspeare for so doing.\n\n \"Foot it featly here and there\n  And let the rest the burden bear?\"\n\nIs it the _bourdon_, or big drone? Certainly the chorus could not \"bear a\nburden,\" in the sense of _hard work_, even before the time of Hullah.\n\nJ. P. ORDE.\n\nIn Chambers' _Scottish Songs_, Edinburgh, 1829, p. 273. is a piece\nbeginning--\n\n \"And was you e'er in Crail toun?\n    _Igo and ago_;\n  And saw ye there clerk Fishington?\n    Sing _irom, igon, ago_.\"\n\nAnd in _Blackwood_ for Jan. 1831 (\"Noctes Ambrosian\u00e6, No. 53.\") is \"A\nChristmas Carol in honour of Maga, sung by the Contributors,\" which begins\nthus--\n\n \"When Kit North is dead,\n    What will Maga do, Sir?\n  She must go to bed,\n    And like him die too, Sir!\n      Fal de ral de ral,\n        _Iram coram dago_;\n      Fal de ral de ral,\n        Here's success to Maga!\"\n\nI suspect that the \"chorus or refrain\" of the first of these ditties\nsuggested that of the second; and that _this_ is the song which was running\nin your contributor's head.\n\nJ. C. R.\n\n    [We are also indebted to S. WMSON, F. CROSSLEY, E. H., R. S. S., and J.\n    SS. for similar replies. See Burns' _Works_, edit. 1800, vol. iv. p.\n    399., and edit. Glasgow, 1843, vol. i. p. 113.]\n\n_Children by one Mother_ (Vol. v., p. 126.).--In reply to the Query, \"If\nthere be any well-authenticated instance of a woman having had more than\ntwenty-five children,\" I can furnish you with what I firmly believe to be\nsuch an instance. The narrator was a relative of my late wife, a man of the\nvery highest character in the City of London for many years, and formerly\nclerk to the London Bridge (Old) Water Works, a mark by which he may\npossibly be recognised by some of your readers. I have heard him relate,\nthat once, as he was travelling into Essex, he met with a very respectable\nwoman, apparently a farmer's wife, who during the journey several times\nexpressed an anxious desire to reach home, which induced my informant at\nlength to inquire the cause of so great an anxiety. Her reply was, \"Indeed,\nSir, if you knew, you would not wonder at it.\" When, upon his jocularly\nsaying, \"Surely she could have no cause for so much desire to reach home,\"\nshe said farther, that \"The number of her children was the cause, for that\nshe had _thirty_ children, it having pleased God to give to her and her\nhusband fifteen boys; and because they were much dissatisfied at having no\ngirl, in order to punish their murmuring and discontent, He was pleased\nfarther to send them fifteen girls.\"\n\nI. R. R.\n\n_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--In the small village of\nHalton, Cheshire, there is a small public library, of no inconsiderable\nextent and importance, founded in 1733 by Sir John Chesshyre, Knight, of\nHallwood in that county. Of the works comprised in the collection, the\nfollowing may be selected as best worthy of mention: Dugdale's\n_Monasticon_, Rymer's _Foedera_, Walton's _Polyglot_, and a host of\nstandard ecclesiastical authors, interspersed with modern additions of more\ngeneral interest. The curate for the time being officiates as librarian;\nthe books being preserved in a small stone building set apart for the\npurpose, in the vicinity of his residence. Over the door is the following\ninscription:\n\n         \"Hanc Bibliothecam,\n     pro communi literatorum usu,\n   sub cura curati capell\u00e6 de Halton\n  proventibus ter feliciter augmentat\u00e6,\n      JOHANNES CHESSHYRE miles\n     serviens D'ni Regis ad legem,\n               D. D. D.\n          Anno MDCCXXXIII.\"\n\nSir John, the founder, was buried at Runcorn, where a monument exists to\nhis memory, bearing the following epitaph at its foot:\n\n \"A wit's a feather, and a chief's a rod,\n  An honest man's the noblest work of God.\"\n\nThe parishes of Stoke Damarel, Devon, and of St. James the Great,\nDevonport, have each their parochial library: the former commenced in 1848,\nby the Rev. W. B. Flower, late curate of the parish; and the latter by the\nRev. W. B. Killpack, the first incumbent of the district.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\n{187}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWanted To Purchase.\n\nSCHILLER'S POEMS, translated by Merivale.\n\nS.N. COLERIDGE'S BIOGRAPHIA LITERARIA.\n\n---- ESSAYS ON HIS OWN TIMES.\n\n---- POEMS. 1 Vol.\n\n---- CONFESSIONS OF AN INQUIRING SPIRIT.\n\nTHE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\nParticulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the\ngentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are\ngiven for that purpose:\n\nSCRAPBOOK OF LITERARY VARIETIES, AND MIRROR OF INSTRUCTION, &c. Prose,\nVerse, and Engravings. Lacy, 76. St. Paul's Churchyard. 8vo. 424 pp.\n\n  Wanted by _Rev. G. T. Driffield_, Bow, Middlesex.\n\nCAMBRIDGE INSTALLATION ODE, 1835, by Chr. Wordsworth. 4to. Edition.\n\nKITCHENER'S ECONOMY OF THE EYES. Part II.\n\nBROWN'S ANECDOTES OF DOGS.\n\n---- OF ANIMALS.\n\n  Wanted by _Fred. Dinsdale_, Esq., Leamington.\n\nMASTERMAN READY. Vol. I. First Edition.\n\nSWIFT'S WORKS. Vol. XIII. London, 1747.\n\n  Wanted by _W. H. Bliss_, Hursley, Winchester.\n\nWILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPT. Vols. IV. and V.\n\nBAXTER'S FLOWERING PLANTS. Plain or coloured.\n\nEVELYN'S DIARY. 5 Vols. 8vo.\n\nPEPYS'S DIARY. 5 Vols. 8vo.\n\nTRANSACTIONS OF GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. Parts or Volumes.\n\nLIFE OF BISHOP KEN, by Anderdon.\n\nPERCIVAL'S ROMAN SCHISM.\n\n  Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath.\n\nOne or two Plans of the Harbour of CRONSTADT, showing the Mole,\nMan-of-war's Mole, Fortress, Fortress of CRONSLOTT opposite, as well as all\nthe Fortresses that are erected in the Shallows defending the Approach, &c.\n\n  Wanted by _H. E. Baseley_, 9. Old Broad Street.\n\nBIBLE PRINTS, either Line Engraving, Mezzotint, or Wood, and either with or\nwithout Letter-press, for the purpose of binding with a 4to. Edition of\n\"Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Bible.\"\n\n  Wanted by _John Garland_, Solicitor, Dorchester.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\n_We are this week compelled to omit our usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS. &c.\n\nDR. RIMBAULT _on_ Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, _and_ MR. LAMMIN'S _Paper\non_ Grammont, _in our next Number._\n\nJAMES SAMUELS _will find full particulars of the legend of_ The Wandering\nJew _in_ Die Sage vom Ewigen Juden, _by Gr\u00e4sse, Dresden, 1844._\n\nTHOMAS Q. COUCH _is thanked for his Cornish legends. He will, however, find\nthat of the Mole in our_ Second Vol., p. 225.; _and that of the Owl, in\nthe_ Variorum Shakspeare _and other works._\n\nCABAL.--_Our Correspondent on the origin of this word is referred to_ \"N. &\nQ.,\" Vol. iv., pp. 413. 507.; Vol v., pp. 139, 520., _where he will find\nenough to satisfy him that it was not formed from the initials of the five\nchief ministers of Charles II._\n\nW. _The date of the consecration the old St. Pancras Church has hitherto\nbaffled research. The question was asked in our_ Second Volume, p. 496. _We\ndoubt whether any drawing of the original structure is extant._\n\n_The numerous articles on_ PHOTOGRAPHY _already in type compel us to\npostpone until next week several other valuable papers._\n\n_Errata._--Vol. ix., p. 59., 8th line in translation from Sheridan, for\n\"vict\u00e2 marte\" read \"vict\u00e2 mente;\" p. 138., 1st line, for \"Erie\" read\n\"Erse.\"\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSECOND-HAND BOOKS.--T. & W. BOONE having recently completed the Enlargement\nof their Premises, respectfully invite the attention of Book-buyers to an\nInspection of their very Extensive Stock of SECOND-HAND BOOKS, both English\nand Foreign, which will be found to comprise several rare and early\nEditions of Versions of the Scriptures and Theology generally; English,\nIrish, and Scottish History, including some of the Rarest Works,\nBlack-letter Chronicles, &c., and a Series of Hearne's Antiquarian Works:\nTopography, Heraldry, and Genealogy; Rare Voyages and Travels, many\nrelating to America; English, French, and Spanish Romances; early English\nand Italian Poetry, the Drama, &c.; Fine Books of Prints, Galleries, and\nIllustrated Books; Books relating to the Fine Arts, Numismatics,\nInscriptions, &c.; Works on Natural History, Field Sports, &c.; Privately\nprinted Books, and Books printed upon Vellum with early Woodcuts; A\nBeautiful Collection of Illuminated Missals, Hor\u00e6, and other Manuscripts.\nThe whole in fine Condition, many on Large Paper, and in the original\nmorocco bindings (some being Royal and Presentation Copies), for Sale at\nPrices to compete with any Catalogue published.\n\n29. NEW BOND STREET, LONDON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nValuable Illustrated Books at Reduced Prices.\n\nROBERTS' HOLY LAND. 230 Plates. 16l. 16s. Published at 41 guineas.\n\nDIGBY WYATT'S INDUSTRIAL ARTS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 160 Plates. 2\nvols. folio. half-bound morocco. 10l. 10s. Published at 17l. 17s.\n\nDIGBY WYATT'S METAL WORK, and its ARTISTIC DESIGN. 50 Plates. Folio,\nhalf-bound morocco. 3l. 3s. Published at 6l. 6s.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by\nSpecial Permission to\n\nTHE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.\n\nPSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the\nVery Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for\nFour Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the\nServices, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING,\nby J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat,\nin morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell\nStreet, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for\nthat amount: and, by order, of the principal Book-sellers and Music\nWarehouses.\n\n    \"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our\n    Church and Cathedral Service.\"--_Times._\n\n    \"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this\n    country.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well\n    merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears.\"--_Musical\n    World._\n\n    \"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting\n    of very superior character to any which has hitherto appeared.\"--_John\n    Bull._\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\nAlso, lately published,\n\nJ. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel\nRoyal St. James, price 2s.\n\nC. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOMPLETION OF THE CATHOLIC HISTORY OF ENGLAND.\n\nBy WM. BERNARD MAC CABE. ESQ.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIn the Press.\n\nTHE THIRD AND LAST VOLUME OF A CATHOLIC HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Price 18s.\n\n    Orders to complete Sets can be addressed to the Publisher, T. C. NEWBY,\n    30. Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, London.\n\nN.B.--Only a limited number of Copies of this Edition will be published. It\nwill be therefore necessary for intending purchasers to give their orders\nas early as possible.\n\n    \"Carefully compiled from our earliest records, and purporting to be a\n    literal translation of the writings of the old Chroniclers, miracles,\n    visions, &c., from the time of Gildas: richly illustrated with notes,\n    which throw a clear, and in many instances a new light on what would\n    otherwise be difficult and obscure passages.\"--Thomas Miller, _History\n    of the Anglo-Saxons_, p. 88.\n\nWorks by the same Author.\n\nBERTHA; or, The POPE and the EMPEROR.\n\nTHE LAST DAYS OF O'CONNELL.\n\nA TRUE HISTORY OF THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION.\n\nTHE LIFE OF ST. ETHELBERT, KING of the EAST ANGLES.\n\nA GRANDFATHER'S STORY-BOOK; or, TALES and LEGENDS, by a POOR SCHOLAR. {188}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price and Description of\nupwards of 100 articles consisting of\n\nPORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS\n\nLadies' Portmanteaus,\n\nDESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES and other travelling\nrequisites, Gratis on application or sent free by Post on receipt of Two\nStamps.\n\nMESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their\nTravelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new\nPortmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles\nof the kind ever produced.\n\nJ. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23 and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square\n(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25\nGuineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these\npianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,\nsigned by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--\"We, the\nundersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined\nthe Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great\npleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears\nto us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a\nricher and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while\nthe elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the\nlibrary, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.\nBishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E.\nF. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.\nHass\u00e9, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.\nKiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.\nMontgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry\nPhillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.\nRockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright,\" &c.\n\nD'ALMAINE & CO., 20 Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nW. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of\nIndices to many of the early Public Records whereby his inquiries are\ngreatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in\nAntiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches\namong the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or\nother Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,\nHistory, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had\nconsiderable experience.\n\nJ. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.\n  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,\n               T. Grissell, Esq.\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       \u00a3   s.  d. | Age       \u00a3   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8\n   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6\n   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPOLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES, and intending Assurers generally, are\ninvited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH\nPROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages of Mutual\nAssurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established 1837. Number of\nPolicies insured 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half Millions.\n\nFull Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application.\n\n*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is invited to\nthe circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are now allowed\nas a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax.\n\n  GEORGE GRANT, Resident Sec. London Branch,\n  12. Moorgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,\nby an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,\nthey may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any\nother hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and\nappreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.\n\nApparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of\nPhotography. Instruction in the Art.\n\nTHE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per\nPost, 1s. 2d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.\n\nTHE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental\nArtists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.\n\n                                            \u00a3  s. d.\n  A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent\n    Process                                 1  1  0\n  Additional Copies (each)                  0  5  0\n  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished\n    (small size)                            3  3  0\n  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished\n    (larger size)                           5  5  0\n\nMiniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed\nand Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,\nChurches, &c., taken at a short notice.\n\nCameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and\nChemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.\n\nGratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,\n  168. New Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.--THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND DAGUERREOTYPES is\nnow open at the Gallery of the Society of British Artists, Suffolk Street,\nPall Mall, in the Morning from 10 A.M. to half-past 4 P.M., admission 1s.;\nand in the Evening from 7 to 10 P.M., admission 3d. Catalogue 6d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty\nby using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and\nuniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most\nfaithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent\nin the hands of the photographer. Albumenised paper, for printing from\nglass or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of detail unattained by any\nother method, 3s. per Quire.\n\nWaxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.\n\nInstruction in the Processes.\n\n    BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and\n    Operation Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.\n\n*** Catalogues sent on application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in the\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It\ncontains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads,\nin iron, brass, japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany, rosewood, and\nwalnut-tree woods; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and\nQuilts.\n\nHEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n    Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the\n    Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the\n    Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE\n    BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the\n    West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street\n    aforesaid.--Saturday, February 25, 1854.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 226, February 25, 1854: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":22737}