{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42053/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42053","id":"gutenberg_42053","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42053","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Religion/Spirituality","Church polity -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600","Didache","Worship -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600"],"text":"\u0394\u0399\u0394\u0391\u03a7\u0397\n\n                                             \u03a4\u03a9\u039d\n\n                           \u0394\u03a9\u0394\u0395\u039a\u0391 \u0391\u03a0\u039f\u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u039b\u03a9\u039d.\n\n                                       Teaching\n                                             of\n                               The Twelve Apostles.\n\nRecently discovered and published by Philotheos\nBryennios, Metropolitan of Nicomedia.\nEdited with a Translation, Introduction\nand Notes,\n\n                                           by\n\n                              Roswell D. Hitchcock\n                                          and\n                                 Francis Brown,\n\nProfessor in Union theological Seminary, New York.\n\n\n                                      New York:\n                           Charles Scribner's Sons.\n                                         1884.\n\n[================================================]\n\nIntroduction\n\nIn 1875 Philotheos Bryennois, then Metropolitan of Serrae\n(now Serres), in ancient Mesopotamia, published the two\nEpistles of Clement of Rome, from a manuscript discovered\nby him in the Library of the Most Holy Sepulchre in Fanar\nof Constantinople. The last six chapters (60-65) of the First\nEpistle, and the last eight sections (13-20) of the so-called\nSecond Epistle, had never been published before. The date\nof the manuscript is 1056 a.d. As described by the finder,\n\u201cit is an octavo volume, written on parchment, in cursive\ncharacters, and consists of 120 leaves.\u201d First comes\nChrysostom\u2019 Synopsis of the Books of the Old and New\nTestament; then the Epistle of Barnabas; then the two\nEpistles of Clement; then the Teaching of the Twelve\nApostles; then the Epistle of Mary of Cassobelae to Ignatius;\nfollowed by eight Epistles of Ignatius (the current seven,\nbesides one to the Virgin Mary).\n\nThe \u201cTeaching of the Twelve Apostles,\u201d \u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u1f74 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd\n\u03b4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, occupies leaves 76-80 of the\nmanuscript. It now seems strange to us that the document\nthus announced attracted so little attention. This same\nBryennious, now Metropolitan of Nicomedia, in Asia\nMinor, has again surprised the literary world by publishing,\nwith an abundance of learned illustration, this long-lost\ndocument. It is printed in Constantinople, and the date of\npublication is 1883. The genuineness of the document can\nhardly be doubted. It is cited by Clement of Alexandria in\nhis First Stroma; by Eusebius, who speaks of it (Hist. iii. 25)\nas \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f31 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af; and by\nAthanasius in his 39th Festal Epistle. Bickell and\nGebhardt had recently argued that there must have been\nsome such document underlying both the Seventh Book of\nthe Apostolic Constitutions and the Apostolic Epitome.\nIn 1882 Kravutzky undertook, from these sources, to recover\nand reconstruct the embedded earlier and simpler document;\nand with a success of the most pronounced and brilliant\ncharacter, as now tested by the work just published.\n\nThis document belongs undoubtedly to the second century;\npossibly as far back as 120 a.d., hardly later than 160 a.d.\nThe whole tone of it is archaic. It contradicts nothing belonging\nto that age; corroborates some things which may henceforth\nbe more strongly emphasized; and adds some things for\nwhich we may well be very profoundly grateful.\n\nThe present editors are happy to be able to put this \u201cTeaching\nof the Twelve Apostles,\u201d so vpromptly before the American\npublic. The text has been carefully edited. The translation\nwill be found to be studiously literal. A few notes have been\nadded, which, it is hoped, may be of service both to the students\nand to general readers.\n\nRoswell D. Hitchcock.\nFrancis Brown.\n\nUnion Theological Seminary,\nNew York City, March 20, 1884\n\n[================================================]\n\n                                            \u0394\u0399\u0394\u0391\u03a7\u0397\n                          \u03a4\u03a9\u039d \u0394\u03a9\u0394\u0395\u039a\u0391 \u0391\u03a0\u039f\u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u039b\u03a9\u039d.\n\n[================================================]\n\n\n\n                                         \u0394\u0399\u0394\u0391\u03a7\u0397\n                                            \u03a4\u03a9\u039d\n                           \u0394\u03a9\u0394\u0395\u039a\u0391 \u0391\u03a0\u039f\u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u039b\u03a9\u039d.\n\n1\n\u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u1f74 \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2\n\u1f14\u03b8\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b1\u0384.\n\n\u1f49\u03b4\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03af, \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac-\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f74 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u1f7a \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u1f41\u03b4\u1ff6\u03bd.\n5\n\u1f29 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f41\u03b4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7\u00b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd,\n\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u0398\u03b5\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5\u00b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c4\u03b5-\n\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f45\u03c3\u03b1\n\u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u1fc3\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03af \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u1f7a \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff3 \u03bc\u1f74\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03b9. \u03a4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u1f21 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\n10\n\u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7\u00b7 \u0395\u1f50\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\n\u03b4\u1f72 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2,\n\u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2; \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\n\u1f14\u03b8\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd; \u1f51\u03bc\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2\n15\n\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7 \u1f15\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd. \u1f08\u03c0\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\n\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd. \u1f18\u03ac\u03bd\n\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u1ff7 \u1fe5\u03ac\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u1f70\u03bd \u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1,\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03c3\u1fc3 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7\n\u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u1fc3 \u03c3\u03ad \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f15\u03bd, \u1f55\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1fbf \u03b1\u03cd-\n20\n\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf\u00b7 \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u1f04\u03c1\u1fc3 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f31\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7\n\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1\u00b7 \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u1fc3 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03cc\u03bd,\n\u03bc\u1f74 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03b1\u1f30-\n\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u00b7 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\n\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f41 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f30\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.\n25\n\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f00\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bf\u03c2\n\u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u00b7 \u03b5\u1f30 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1\n\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2, \u1f00\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72\n\u03bc\u1f74 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03b7, \u1f31\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u1f14\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u03af\u03c2\n\u03c4\u03af, \u1f10\u03bd 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\u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u1ff3.\n105\n\u039c\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fb6\u03bd \u1f43 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3-\n\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u1ff3. \u039f\u1f50 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f10\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u1fc3\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u1f70\u03c2\n\u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f03 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9-\n\u03b8\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f00\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd. \u1f18\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u1fb3 \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u1fc3\n\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u1fc3 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76\n110\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u1fb7. \u0391\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7\n\u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76\u03bd \u1f21 \u1f41\u03b4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u1fc6\u03c2.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b5\u0384.\n\n\u1f29 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41\u03b4\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7\u00b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\n\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u00b7 \u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9,\n\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03af, \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf-\n115\n\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f01\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03af, \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf-\n\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b1, \u03b4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1-\n\u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u1f50\u03b8\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf-\n\u03b3\u1f30\u03b1, \u03b6\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1, \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u1f55\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u00b7\n\u03b4\u03b9\u1ff6\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd, \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd-\n120\n\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b5\u1fe6\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf-\n\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f50 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff7 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9-\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u1fb3, \u1f00\u03b3\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1fbf\n\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f67\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u1f70\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf-\n\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae, \u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc-\n125\n\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u1ff3, \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\n\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6,\n\u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\n\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae-\n130\n\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f04\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03af, \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u00b7 \u1fe5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5,\n\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bd\u03b1, \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03db\u0384.\n\n\u1f4d\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u1fc3 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f41\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\n\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u1fc6\u03c2, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9.\n\u0395\u1f30 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f45\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u1f78\u03bd\n135\n\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f15\u03c3\u1fc3\u00b7 \u03b5\u1f30 \u03b4\u1fbf \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f43 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u1fc3\n\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03b9. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, \u1f43 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\n\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2-\n\u03b5\u03c7\u03b5\u00b7 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u0398\u03b5\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b6\u0384.\n\n\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u00b7\n140\n\u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\n\u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a5\u03af\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f01\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\n\u03a0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f55\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b6\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9. \u1f18\u1f70\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f14\u03c7\u1fc3\u03c2\n\u1f55\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1 \u03b6\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u1f55\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u03b5\u1f30 \u03b4\u1fbf \u03bf\u1f50\n\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u1ff7, \u1f10\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u1ff7. \u1f18\u1f70\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\n145\n\u03bc\u1f74 \u1f14\u03c7\u1fc3\u03c2, \u1f14\u03ba\u03c7\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u1f76\u03c2 \u1f55\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c2\n\u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a5\u1f31\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f01\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.\n\u03a0\u03c1\u1f78 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0-\n\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd-\n\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf-\n150\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78 \u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b7\u0384.\n\n\u0391\u1f31 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd\n\u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd\u00b7 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u1fb3 \u03c3\u03b1\u03b2\u03b2\u03ac-\n\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u1fc3\u00b7 \u1f51\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 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\u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u1f72\n\u03bc\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u00b7 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b5\u1f30 \u1f03 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6,\n\u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af. \u03a0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9-\n\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c9\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9-\n235\n\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd 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\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u1fc3. \u03a4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72\n\u03b5\u1f50\u03c7\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5, \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5-\n290\n\u03bb\u03af\u1ff3 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b9\u03db\u0384.\n\n\u0393\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\n\u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 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\u1f60\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2\n\u1f41 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd, \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7\n\u1f10\u03c3\u03c7\u03ac\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u1ff7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b5. \u1f18\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c7\u1fb6-\n\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\n300\n\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\n\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21 \u1f00\u03b3\u03ac\u03c0\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03bc\u1fd6\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7\n\u03b1\u1f50\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1f50\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae-\n\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\n\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c5\u1f31\u1f78\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9-\n305\n\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u1f30\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21 \u03b3\u1fc6 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5-\n\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f00\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1, \u1f03\n\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f21 \u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2\n\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\n\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9,\n310\n\u03bf\u1f31 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03b8\u03ae-\n\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51\u03c0\u1fbf \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\n\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd,\n\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u1ff7, \u03b5\u1f36\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd\n\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5-\n315\n\u03ba\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1fbf \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u00b7 \u1f2d\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f41\n\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f05\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1fbf \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6. \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\n\u1f44\u03c8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\n\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6.\n\n[================================================]\n\nTeaching\nof the\nTwelve Apostels.\n\nTeaching of the Lord, through the Twelve Apostles,\nto the Nations.\n\nChap. I: 1 \u2014 Two ways there are, one of life and one of\ndeath, but there is a great difference between the two\nways. The way of life, then, is this: First, thou shalt\nlove the God who made thee; secondly, thy neighbor\nas thyself; and all things whatsoever thou wouldst not\nhave befall thee, too, do not to another. Now\nof these words the teaching is this: Bless them that\ncurse you, and pray for your enemies, and fast for\nthem that persecute you: for what thank have ye if ye\nlove them that love you? Do not the nations also the\nsame? But love ye them that hate you and ye shall\nhave no enemy. Abstain from the fleshly and worldly\nlusts. If any one give thee a blow on the right cheek,\nturn to him the other also, and thou shalt be perfect;\nif any one compel thee to go one mile, go with him\ntwo; if any one take thy cloak, give him thy tunic also;\nif any one take from thee what is thine, ask it not\nback; for indeed thou canst not. To every one that\nasketh thee, and ask not back; for to all the\nFather desires to give of his own gracious gifts. Blessed\nis he that giveth according to the commandment; for\nhe is guiltless; wo to him that taketh; for if indeed,\none taketh who hath need, he shall be guiltless; but he\nwho hath no need shall give account, why he took, and\nfor what purpose, and coming under arrest shall be ex-\namind concerning what he did, and shall not go out\nthence until he pay the last farthing. But it hath\nbeen also said concerning this matter: Let thine alms\nsweat in thy hands, until that knowest to whom thou\nshouldst give.\n\nChap. II: 2 \u2014 Now the second commandment of the\nteaching is: Thou shalt not kill, thou shalt not commit\nadultery, thou shalt not corrupt boys, thou shalt not\ncommit fornication, thou shalt not steal, thou shalt not\npractise magic, thou shalt not use sorcery, thou shalt\nnot slay a child by abortion, nor what is begotten shall\nthou destroy. Thou shalt not lust after the things\nof thy neighbour, thou shalt not forswear thyself,\nthou shalt not bear false witness, thou shalt not re-\nvile, thou shalt not bear malice. Thou shalt not be\ndoubled-minded nor doubled-tongued; for a snare of\ndeath is the double tongue. Thy speech shall not be\nfalse, nor empty, but filled with doing. Thou shalt not\nbe covetous, nor rapacious, nor a hypocrite, nor malicious,\nnor arrogant. Thou shalt not take evil counsel against\nthy neighbour. Thou shalt hate no man, but some thou\nshalt reprove, and for some thou shalt pray, and some\nthou shalt love above thy life.\n\nChap. III: 3 \u2014 My child, flee from every evil thing, and\nfrom everything like it. Be not inclined to anger, for\nanger leadeth to murder; nor jealous, nor contentious,\nnor passionate; for of all these murders are begotten.\nMy child, become not lustful; for lust leadeth to for-\nnication; nor foul-mouthed, nor lofty-eyed; for of all\nthese things adulteries are begotten. My child, become\nnot an omen-watcher; since it leadeth into idolatry;\nnor an enchanter, nor an astrologer, nor a purifier, nor\nbe willing to look upon these things; for of all these\nthings idolatry is begotten. My child, become not a\nliar; since lying leads to theft; nor avaricious, nor vain-\nglorious; for of all these things thefts are begotten.\nMy child, become not a murmurer; since it leads to\nblasphemy; nor presumptuous, nor evil-minded; for of\nall these things blasphemies are begotten. But be meek,\nsince the meek shall inherit the earth. Become long-\nsuffering and pitiful and guileless and gentle and good,\nand tremble continually at the words which thou hast\nheard. Thou shalt not exalt thyself, nor permit over-\nboldness to thy soul. Thy soul shall not cleave to the\nhigh, but with the righteous and lowly thou shalt\ndwell. The things that befall thee accept as well-\nwrought, knowing that without God nothing occurs.\n\nChap IV: 4 \u2014 My child, him that speaks to thee the\nword of God remember night and day, and thou shalt\nhonor him as the Lord; for where that which pertaineth\nto the Lord is spoken there the Lord is. And thou shalt\nseek out daily the faces of the saints that thou mayst be\nrefreshed by their words. Thou shalt not desire division,\nbut shalt make peace between those who content; thou\nshalt judge justly, thou shalt not respect persons in con-\nvicting for transgressions. Thou shalt not hesitate\nwhether it shall be or not. Become not one who for tak-\ning stretches out the hands, but for giving draws them\nin; if thou hast anything, by thy hands thou shalt give\na ransom for thy sins. Thou shalt not hesitate to give,\nnor when giving shalt thou murmur, for thou shalt know\nwho is the good dispenser of the recompense. Thou\nshalt not turn away the needy, but shalt share all things\nwith thy brother, and shalt not say they are thine own;\nfor it ye are partners in that which is imperishable, how\nmuch more is the perishable things? Thou shalt not\ntake off thy hand from thy son and from thy daughter,\nbut from youth thou shalt teach them the fear of God.\nThou shalt not lay commands in thy bitterness upon thy\nslave or handmaid, who hope in the same God, lest they\nperchance shalt not fear the God who is over you both;\nfor he cometh not to call men according to the ap-\npearance, but to those whom the Spirit hath made\nready. And ye, slaves, ye shall be subject to your lords,\nas to God's image, in modesty and fear. Thou shalt\nhate every hypocrisy, and whatever is not pleasing to\nthe Lord. Thou shalt by no means forsake the Lord's\ncommandments, but shalt guard what thou hast received,\nneither adding to it nor taking from it. In the church\nthou shalt confess thy transgressions, and shalt not come\nforward for thy prayer with an evil conscience. This\nis the way of life.\n\nChap V: 5 \u2014 Now the way of death is this: first of\nall it is evil, and full of curse; murders, adulteries, lusts,\nfornications, thefts, idolatries, magic arts, sorceries, rob-\nberies, false testimonies, hypocrisies, duplicity, craft,\narrogance, vice, presumptuousness, greed, foul speech,\njealousy, over-boldness, loftiness, pretence; persecutors\nof the good, hating truth, loving falsehood, knowing not\nthe reward of righteousness, not cleaving to what which\nis good nor to righteous judgment, on the watch not\nfor good but for evil; far from whom are meekness\nand humility, loving vanities, pursuing revenge, not\nknowing him that made them, murderers of children,\ndestroyers of the image of God, turning away the\nneedy, oppressing the afflicted, advocates of the rich,\nlawless judges of the poor, universal sinners: may ye\nbe delivered, children, from all these.\n\nChap VI: 6 \u2014 See that no one lead thee astray from\nthis way of the teaching, because apart from God does\nhe teach thee. For if thou art able to bear the whole\nyoke of the Lord, thou shalt be perfect; but if thou art\nnot able, what thou art able, that do. And concerning\nfood, what thou are able, bear; but of that offered to\nidols, beware exceedingly; for it is a worship of dead\ngods.\n\nChap VII: 7 \u2014 Now concerning baptism, thus baptize\nye: having first uttered all these things, baptize into the\nname of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy\nSpirit, in running water. But if thou hast not running\nwater, baptize in other water; and if thou canst not in\ncold, then in warm. But if thou hast neither, pour\nwater upon the head thrice, into the name of the Father\nand Son and Holy Spirit. But before the baptism let\nthe baptizer and the baptized fast, and whatever others\ncan; but the baptized thou shalt command to fast for\ntwo or three days before.\n\nChap VIII: 8 \u2014 But let not your fasting be appointed\nin common with the hypocrites; for they fast on the\nsecond day of the week and on the fifth; but do ye fast\nduring the fourth, and the preparation day. Nor pray\nye like the hypocrites, but as the Lord commanded in his\ngospel, thus pray: Our Father who art in heaven, Hal-\nlowed by thy name, thy kingdom come, thy will be\ndone, as in heaven, so on earth; our daily bread give us\nto-day, and forgive us our debt as we also forgive our\ndebtors, and bring us not into temptation, but deliver us\nfrom the evil one; for thine is the power and the glory\nforever. Thee times in the day pray ye thus.\n\nChap IX: 9 \u2014 Now concerning the Eucharist, thus give\nthanks; first, concerning the cup: We thank thee, our\nFather, for the holy vine of David thy servant, which\nthou hast made known to us through Jesus thy servant;\nto thee by the glory forever. And concerning the\nbroken bread: We thank thee, our Father, for the life\nand the knowledge which thou hast made known to us\nthrough Jesus thy servant; to thee by the glory forever.\nJust as this broken bread was scattered over the hills\nand having been gathered together became one, so let\nthy church be gathered together from the ends of the\nearth into thy kingdom; for thine is the glory and the\npower through Jesus Christ forever. But let no one eat\nor drink of your Eucharist, except those baptized into\nthe Lord's name; for in regard to this the Lord hath\nsaid: Give not that which is holy to the dogs.\n\nChap X: 10 \u2014 Now after ye are filled thus do ye give\nthanks: We thank thee, holy Father, for thy holy\nname, which thou hast caused to dwell in our hearts,\nand for the knowledge and faith and immortality which\nthou hast made known to us through Jesus thy servant;\nto thee be the glory forever. Thou, Almighty Master,\ndidst create all things for thy name's sake; both food\nand drink thou didst give to men for enjoyment, in\norder that they might give thanks to thee; but to us\nthou hast graciously given spiritual food and drink\nand eternal life through thy servant. Before all things,\nwe thank thee that thou art powerful; to thee be the\nglory forever. Remember, Lord, thy church, to de-\nliver it from every evil and to make it perfect in thy\nlove, and gather it from the four winds, it, the sancti-\nfied, into thy kingdom, which thou hast prepared for\nit; for thine is the power and the glory forever. Let\ngrace come and let this world pass away. Hosanna to\nthe son of David! Whoever is holy, let him come;\nwhoever is not let him repent. Maranatha. Amen.\nBut permit the prophets to give thanks as much as they\nwill.\n\nChap XI: 11 \u2014 Now whoever cometh and teacheth you\nall these things, before spoken, receive him; but if the\nteacher himself turn aside and teach another teaching,\nso as to overthrow this, do not hear him; but if he teach\nso as to promote righteousness and knowledge of the\nLord, receive him as the Lord. But in regard to the\napostles and prophets, according to the ordinance of the\ngospel, so do ye. And every apostle who cometh to you,\nlet him be received as the Lord; but he shall not remain\nmore than one day; if, however, there be need, then\nthe next day; but if he remain three days, he is a false\nprophet. But when the apostle departeth, let him take\nnothing except bread enough till he lodge again; but\nif he ask money, he is a false prophet. And every\nprophet who speaketh in the spirit, ye shall not try\nnor judge; for every sin shall be forgiven, but this sin\nshall not be forgiven. But not every one that speaketh\nin the spirit is a prophet, but only if he have the ways\nof the Lord. So from their ways shall the false prophet\nand the prophet be known. And no prophet who or-\nders a meal, in the spirit, eateth of it, unless indeed he\nis a false prophet; and every prophet who teacheth the\ntruth, if he do not which he teacheth, is a false\nprophet. But every prophet, proved, true, acting with\na view to the mystery of the church on earth, but not\nteaching others to do all that he himself doeth, shall\nnot be judged among you; for with God he hath his\njudgment; for so did the ancient prophets also. But\nwhoever, in the spirit, says: Give me money, or some-\nthing else, ye shall not hear him; but if for others in\nneed, he bids you give, let no one judge him.\n\nChap XII: 12 \u2014 But let every one that cometh in the\nLord's name be received, but afterward ye shall test and\nknow him; for ye shall have understanding, right and\nleft. If he who comes is a traveller, help him a much\nas ye can; but he shall not remain with you, unless for\ntwo or three days, if there be necessity. But if he will\ntake up his abode among you, being an artisan, let him\nwork and so eat; but if he have no trade, provide,\naccording to your understanding, that no idler live\nwith you as a Christian. But if he will not act accord-\ning to this, he is one who makes gain out of Christ; be-\nware of such.\n\nChap XIII: 13 \u2014 But every true prophet who will set-\ntle among you is worthy of his support. Likewise a\ntrue teacher, he also is worthy, like the workman, of\nhis support. Every firstfruit, then, of the products of\nwine-press and threshing-floor, or oxen and of sheep,\nthou shalt take and give to the prophets; for they are\nyour high-priests. but if ye have no prophet, give it to\nthe poor. If thou makest a baking of bread, take the\nfirst of it and give according to the commandment. In\nlike manner when thou openest a jar of wine or oil, take\nthe first of it and give to the prophets; and of money and\nclothing and every possession take the first, as seems\nright to thee, and give according to the commandment.\n\nChap XIV: 14 \u2014 But on the Lord's day do ye assemble\nand break bread, and give thanks, after confessing your\ntransgressions, in order that your sacrifice may be pure.\nBut every one that hath controversy with his friend, let\nhim not come together with you, until they be reconciled,\nthat your sacrifice may not be profaned. For this is\nthat which was spoken by the Lord: At every place and\ntime, bring me a pure sacrifice; for a great king am I,\nsaith the Lord, and my name is marvellous among the\nnations.\n\nChap XV: 15 \u2014 Now appoint for yourselves bishops and\ndeacons worthy of the Lord, men meek and not ava-\nricious, and upright and proved; for they, too, render\nyou the service of the prophets and teachers. Despise\nthem not, therefore; for they are the ones who are\nhonored of you, together with the prophets and teachers.\n\nAnd reprove one another, not in anger but in peach,\nas ye have it in the gospel; and to every one who erreth\nagainst another, let no one speak, nor let him hear any-\nthing from yo, until he repent. But your prayers and\nyour alms and all your deeds so do ye, as ye have it\nin the gospel of our Lord.\n\nChap XVI: 16 \u2014 Watch for your life's sake; let your\nlamps not go out, and your loins not be relaxed, but be\nready; for ye know not the hour in which our Lord com-\neth. But ye shall come together often, and seek the\nthings which befit your souls; for the whole time of your\nfaith thus far will not profit you, if ye do not be-\ncome perfect in the last time. For in the last days\nthe false prophets and the corruptors shall be multiplied,\nand the sheep shall be turned into wolves, and love\nshall be turned into hate; for when lawlessness in-\ncreaseth they shall hate one another, and shall persecute\nand shall deliver up, and then shall appear the world-\ndeceiver as the Son of God, and shall do signs and won-\nders, and the earth shall be given into his hands, and\nhe shall commit iniquities which have never get been\ndone since the beginning. Then all crated men shall\ncom into into the fire of trial, and many shall be made to\nstumble and shall perish. But they that endure in\ntheir faith shall be saved from this curse. And then\nshall appear the signs of the truth; first the sign of an\nopening in heaven, then the sign of the trumpet's sound,\nand thirdly, the resurrection of the dead; yet not of all,\nbut as it hath been said: The Lord will come and the\nsaints with him. Then shall the world see the Lord\ncoming upon the clouds of heaven.\n\n[================================================]\n\n\nUSE OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES IN THE \u201cTEACHING.\u201d\u00b9\n\nOld Testament\n  \t                      Line \t  \t                       Line\n*Deut. 5:17-19 \t35 f. \t*Sirach 4:31 \t    86 f.\n*Tobit. 4:15 \t      7 f.      Zech. 14:5 \t      315 f.\n*Sirach 2:4 \t       75 f.      *Mal. 1:11, 14   273 f.\n*Sirach. 4:5 \t       91 f.\n\nNew Testament\n                              Line                                            Line\n*Matt. 5:5                 69 f.        *Matt. 24:3-4             298 f.\n*Matt. 5:22             284 f.        *Matt. 24:24-31         313 f.\n*Matt. 5:26               30 f.        *Matt 24:31               200 f.\n*Matt. 5:39-48          16 f.        *Matt. 24:43, 44        291 f.\nMatt. 6:5-13           155 f.         Matt 28:19               140 f.\n*Matt. 6 and 7        289          *Luke 6:27-35             10\n*Matt. 7:6              183 f.        *Luke 9:1-6               215 f.\n*Matt. 7:15-23       215 f.         Luke 10:4-21           215 f.\n*Matt. 10:5-12       215 f.         Luke 11:2-4            215 f.\n*Matt. 10:10          256 f.        *Luke 11 and 12      289 f\n*Matt 12:31           224 f.        *Luke 12:35             291 f.\n*Matt. 18:15-17     284           *Acts 4:32                  92 f.\n*Matt. 18:21-35     284           *Eph 6:5, 9              103 f.\nMatt. 21:9             205           *1 Thess. 5:22           50 f.\nMatt. 22:27-39         5 f.        *1 Pet. 2:11                15 f.\n\n\u00b9 This table is that of Bryennios, who adds: \u201cBy this sign [*]\nare distinguished the passages which are not verbally cited\nin the \u2018Teaching,\u2019 and those to which the \u2018Teaching,\u2019 simply\nrefers, with the words, \u2018As the Lord commanded in the gospel.\u2019\u201d\n\u2014Eds.\n\n\n[================================================]\n\nNOTES\n\nTHE TITLE\n\nAnother title is \u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u1f74 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd,\n\u201cTeaching of the Lord through the Twelve Apostles.\u201d Athanasius\nalso calls it \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae. But Eusebius (Hist iii. 25) uses the plural,\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af. And Clement of Alexandria cites it as \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b1\u02b9. \u2014 CHAP. I.\n\nP. 2, 1.8.\u2014\u201cdo not to another\u201d] The Golden Rule occurs both\nhere and in the Apostolic Constitutions (vii. 2), in a negative\nform, as in the teachings of Confucius.\n\nP. 2, 1.11.\u2014\u201cfast for them that persecute you\u201d] The emphasis\nput upon fasting, here and elsewhere in this document, is not\nsign of Montanism, since fasting was much emphasized in the\nearly Church, and Montanism itself was, in this respect, only an\nexaggeration of common usage.\n\nP. 4, 1.15\u2014\u201cye shall have no enemy\u201d] Suggested, apparently,\nby 1 Pet. iii.13, \u201cAnd who is he that will harm you, if ye be\nzealous of that which is good?\u201d\n\nP. 4, 1.22\u2014\u201cfor indeed thou canst not\u201d] Because Christians\nwere forbidden to go to law before the unrighteous,\u201d\n1 Cor. vi. 1.\n\nP. 4, 1.32\u2014\u201cLet thine alms sweat in thy hands, until thou\nknowest to whom thou shouldst give\u201d] A very graphic\ninjunction of carefulness in giving.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b2\u02b9. \u2014 CHAP. II.\n\nP. 4, 1.36.\u2014\u201cthou shalt not corrupt boys\u201d] The \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\nof Classic writers, referred to by Paul in Rom. i.27.\n\nP. 6, 1.38.\u2014\u201cby abortion\u201d] Another heathen abomination.\n\nP. 6, 1.42, 43.\u2014\u201c\u03b4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u201d] This noun does not occur in\nClassic Greek, nor in the New Testament, but is found,\ntogether with the entire sentence in which it here stands, in\nthe Epistle of Barnabas, Chap. xix. There are many other\ncorrespondences between that epistle and the present\ndocument.\n\nP. 6, 1.44.\u2014\u201cfilled with doing\u201d] i.e., works, deeds, as in\nMatt. xvi. 27.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b3\u02b9. \u2014 CHAP. III.\n\nP. 6, 1.60.\u2014\u201cnor a purifier\u201d] Referring to some kind of\nsuperstitious lustration, perhaps by fire, as in Lev. xviii.21;\nDeut. xviii.10.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b4\u02b9. \u2014 CHAP. IV.\n\nP. 10, 1.87.\u2014\u201cfor taking stretches out the hands, but for giving\ndraws them in\u201d] Graphic description of taking and giving.\n\nP. 10, 1.88.\u2014\u201cby thy hands thou shalt give a ransom for they\nsins\u201d] Beneficence is better than sacrifice. See Prov. xvii.6,\n\u201cBy mercy and truth iniquity is purged.\u201d\n\nP. 10, 1.98\u2014\u201cthy slave\u201d] As in the New Testament, so here,\nthe relation of master and slave is not denounced, but regulated.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b5\u02b9. \u2014 CHAP. V.\n\nThis catalogue of evil things pertaining to the \u201cway of death,\u201d\nreflects only too faithfully the dreadful corruption of the\nancient civilization.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03db\u0384. \u2014 CHAP. VI.\n\nP. 14, 1.136\u2014\u201cAnd concerning food, what thou art able,\nbear\u201d] Nothing is unclean of itself, as Paul says in Rom xiv.14.\nAnd again in 1 Tim. iv.4, \u201cFor every creature of God is good,\nand nothing is to be rejected, if it be received with\nthanksgiving.\u201d\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b6\u0384. \u2014 CHAP. VII.\n\nP. 14, 1.139\u2014\u201cNow, concerning baptism . . .  in running\nwater\u201d] \u1f10\u03bd \u1f55\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b6\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9, literally \u201cin living water,\u201d water\nin motion, either as in a fountain, or as a stream. A picture\nin the Catacomb of St. Callixtus, dating from about the year\n200 a.d., represents a youth standing ankle-deep in water,\nand receiving baptism by the pouring of water upon his head.\n[See Northcote and Brownlow\u2019s \u201cRoma Sotteranea,\u201d Part II.,\nPlate XV.] The passage before us apparently recommends just\nthis mode of performing the rite. If this should be impracticable,\nthen fresh cold water might be similarly used [in a font]. If cold\nwater could not be had, warm water would answer. If neither\ncold nor warm water is sufficient quantity (ankle-deep) could\nbe had, then pouring only (the feet resting on the floor or\nground) would suffice. This last is now the Syrian mode of\nbaptism, and probably always has been. This fact, ascertained\nby the Crusaders (in the third Crusade, 1189-92), and made\nknown through them in Europe, would help to account for\nAquinas\u2019s definition of baptism, so different from that of\nPeter Lombard about a century before. Lombard\u2019s definition\nrequires immersion; Aquinas\u2019s definition permits either\nimmersion, pouring, or sprinkling. The Seventh Book of the\nApostolic Constitutions, at this point (Section xxii.), says\nnothing about the mode, but prescribes anointing with oil,\nboth before and after baptism. Fasting is enjoined in\nboth documents.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b7\u0384. \u2014 CHAP. VIII.\n\nP. 14, 1.154\u2014\u201c\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03bd\u201d] Cf. John xix. 14.\n\nWednesday and Friday are named as days of fasting, instead\nof Monday and Thursday, as observed by \u201cthe hypocrites.\u201d\nThe Lord\u2019s Prayer ends with Doxology, as in Matthew,\ninstead of its being omitted as in Luke.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b8\u0384. \u2013 CHAP. IX., \u2014 \u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b9\u0384. \u2013 CHAP. X.\n\nThese two chapters contain a brief eucharistic liturgy.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b9\u03b1\u0384. \u2014 CHAP. XI.\n\nApostles and Prophets are described as mere evangelists, or\nitinerant preachers, who were not expected to remain in one\nplace more than a single day.\n\nP. 20, 1:218\u2014\u03b5\u1f30 \u03bc\u03ae has been inserted in the translation before\n\u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd. So Harnack, Theol. Lit. Zeit., Feb. 9, 1884.\nCt. p. 22, I.246.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b9\u03b2\u0384. \u2014 CHAP. XII.\n\nP. 22, 1.244\u2014\u201cYe shall have understanding right and left\u201d]\nThat is, a complete understanding. See 2 Cor. vi.7.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b9\u03b3\u0384. \u2014 CHAP. XIII.\n\nProphets and teachers are here spoken of as resident\nministers, entitled to maintenance. They were to have\nthe first-fruits of everything. \u03a3\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, in Classic Greek,\nis the plural of \u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd, meaning \u201cfood\u201d in general.\nHere, as in the Byzantine Greek, it is a singular noun,\nand means \u201cbatch,\u201d or \u201cbaking of bread.\u201d\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b9\u03b4\u0384. \u2014 CHAP. XIV.\n\nThe Lord\u2019s Day is the day for worship and for the Eucharist.\nNo mention is made of the seventh day of the week.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b9\u03b5\u0384. \u2014 CHAP. XV.\n\nP. 26, 1.277\u2014\u201cNow appoint for yourselves,\u201d \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\n\u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2] \u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9 occurs only twice in the New\nTestament (Acts xiv.23; 2 Cor. viii.19), and, in both places,\nmeans simply to \u201cappoint.\u201d Josephus uses the word in the\nsame sense in Ant. xiii.2, 2, where Alexander Balas, the\npretended son of Antiochus Epiphanes, \u201cappoints\u201d Jonathan\nHigh Priest. The same meaning appears in Ant. vii 9, 3;\nvii. 11, 1. In ant. vi. 5, 4, however, the noun \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 is\nused of the coronation of Saul. In Josephus, accordingly, the\nprevailing sense of \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9 is to \u201cappoint.\u201d This is the\nmeaning of the word also in the Epistles of Ignatius (about\n115 a.d.). See Philadelphians, Chap. 10; Smyrn\u00e6ns, Chap. 11;\nPolycarp, Chap. 7.\n\nBut in the \u201cApostolic Canons,\u201d I. and II., and in the\n\u201cApostolic Constitutions,\u201d viii. 4, 5, \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9 means\nto \u201cordain.\u201d This represents the usage of the third century,\nas the New Testament, Josephus, and Ignatius represent\nthe usage of the first and second centuries.\n\nNow, it is noteworthy, that in the \u201cApostolic Constitutions,\u201d\nvii. 31 (the section corresponding to the passage before us),\nthe word employed is not \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9, which then meant\n\u201cordain,\u201d but \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, a new usage having obtained.\nIn this fifteenth chapter of the \u201cTeaching,\u201d \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9 is\nemployed, evidently, in its original sense of \u201cappoint.\u201d This\nindicates the high antiquity of the document, antedating by\ndecades, if not by a whole century, the \u201cApostolic Canons\u201d\nand the \u201cApostolic Constitutions.\u201d\n\nAs for the officers to be \u201cappointed,\u201d only Bishops and\nDeacons are mentioned. By Bishops must, of course, be\nmeant Presbyters, or Elders. There is no sign of a Bishop\nas distinguished from a Presbyter; nor of a Ruling Elder as\ndistinguished from a Teaching Elder; and, apparently, there\nwas in each congregation a plurality both of Bishops (or\nElders) and Deacons.\n\n\u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u03b9\u03db\u0384. \u2014 CHAP. XVI.\n\nThe document concludes with a vision of the Lord coming\nupon the clouds of heaven, and all the saints with him. The\nresurrection is of the dead, \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd, though \u201cnot of all the\ndead.\u201d Not a word is said of any second resurrection. If there\nis to be a second resurrections, it is only implied. Of course,\nno interval is indicated. Premillennarianism, accordingly, is\nnot directly, perhaps not even indirectly, taught. Following\nthe lead of the New Testament, as in Matt. xxiv. 31,\nand in 1 Thess. iv. 13-18, our document may, after all,\nonly be emphasizing the resurrection of the righteous.\n\n[================================================]\n\nErrors In The Codex Corrected By Bryennios.\n\nLine\t           Codex.                Bryennios.\n32.               \u03b4\u03ad                          \u03b4\u1f20\n32.               \u1f30\u03b4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9            \u1f31\u03b4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\n51.               \u1f40\u03c1\u03b3\u1fd6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2               \u1f40\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2\n59.              \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd   \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd\n62.              \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1     \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\n91.              \u1f21                           \u1f41\n103.            \u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9                 \u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\n                  [Sic! See Bryenn., p. 22. N. 19]\n104.           \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd                    \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd\n114, 115.    \u1f30\u03b4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03b9    \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03b9\n115.            \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03b91      \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03b9\n158, 159.    \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9       \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\n188.            \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd                  \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd\n197.            \u03c3\u1f7a \u1f21 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1           \u03c3\u03bf\u1f76 \u1f21 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1\n205.           \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03bd\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03b8\u03b5\u1ff7     \u1f61\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c5\u1f31\u1ff7\n229.           \u1f41 \u1fe5\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd                \u1f41\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\n244.           \u1f15\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9                  \u1f15\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\n258.           \u03b4\u1f7c\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd     \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\n\n1 Used only in poetry.\u2014Bryenn.","title":"\u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0394\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd = Teaching of the Twelve Apostles","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":7458}