{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42083/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42083","id":"gutenberg_42083","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42083","summary":null,"tags":["Category: British Literature","Category: Classics of Literature","Category: Philosophy & Ethics","Early English Text Society","Happiness","Philosophy and religion"],"text":"Produced by Louise Hope, David Starner, JackMcJiggins and\nthe Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[This e-text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file\nencoding:\n\n \u0153 (\u201coe\u201d ligature)\n \u021d \u021c (yogh)\n \u0127 \u0169 (h with bar, u with tilde: both rare)\n\nThe Sidenotes include a few Greek phrases:\n\n \u1f15\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0398\u03b5\u1ff7\n\nIf any of these characters do not display properly, or if the\napostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage,\nmake sure your text reader\u2019s \u201ccharacter set\u201d or \u201cfile encoding\u201d is set\nto Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font.\nAs a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead.\n\nLinenotes refer to the Cambridge MS.; see end of Introduction. \u201cH.\u201d in\nthe Linenotes is not explained; Skeat\u2019s edition of Chaucer\u2019s _Complete\nWorks_ says that it refers to MS. Harley 2421.\n\n_Text format:_\n\nIn the printed book, line numbers were squeezed in wherever there was\nroom. For the e-text, they have been regularized to the EETS-standard\nmultiples of 4. Line divisions and page numbers were retained for use\nwith the Index and linenotes, except that some very short words have\nbeen moved up or down to avoid awkward gaps. Headnotes have been\nmoved to the nearest convenient line break.\n\nItalics representing expanded abbreviations are shown in b{ra}ces.\nOther italics are shown conventionally with _lines_. Superscripts are\nshown with ^ (caret); they always continue to the end of the word.\nOversized initial letters are shown with double leading ++ as ++A. In\nthe Appendix, decorative final letters are shown with single + as dar+,\nsprong+. Italic thorn (\u00fe) and yogh (\u021d) seem to have been unavailable to\nthe printer; both letters have been formatted to match the surrounding\ntext.\n\nThe inverted semicolon (rare) is shown in brackets as [;]. All other\nbracketed letters or letter groups are in the original.\n\nIn the primary text, anomalous spellings with initial \u201cu\u201d or non-initial\n\u201cv\u201d are not individually noted. Other errors, whether corrected or not,\nare listed at the end of the e-text.\n\nFor this e-text, Chaucer\u2019s translation of the _Consolatio_ is given\ntwice: first as printed, with all notes and apparatus, and then as text\nalone.]\n\n\n\n\n Chaucer\u2019s Translation of\n BOETHIUS\u2019S \u201cDE CONSOLATIONE\n PHILOSOPHI\u00c6\u201d\n\n\n EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY\n\n Extra Series, No. 5\n\n 1868\n (Reprinted 1889, 1894, 1895, etc., 1969)\n\n Price 40s.\n\n\n\n\n Chaucer\u2019s Translation of\n BOETHIUS\u2019S \u201cDE CONSOLATIONE\n PHILOSOPHI\u00c6\u201d\n\n Edited From\n British Museum Additional MS. 10,340\n Collated With\n Cambridge University Library MS. Ii.3.21\n\n By\n\n RICHARD MORRIS\n\n\n _Published for_\n THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY\n _by the_\n OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS\n London New York Toronto\n\n\n\n\n First Published 1868\n\n Reprinted 1889, 1894, 1895, etc.,\n and 1969\n\n\n Extra Series, No. 5\n\n Originally printed by\n Richard Clay & Sons Ltd., London and Bungay\n and now reprinted lithographically in Great Britain\n at the University Press, Oxford\n by Vivian Ridler\n Printer to the University\n\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION.\n\n\nWhen master hands like those of Gibbon and Hallam have sketched the life\nof _Boethius_, it is well that no meaner man should attempt to mar their\npictures. They drew, perhaps, the most touching scene in Middle-age\nliterary history,--the just man in prison, awaiting death, consoled by\nthe Philosophy that had been his light in life, and handing down to\nposterity for their comfort and strength the presence of her whose\nsilver rays had been his guide as well under the stars of Fortune as the\nmirk of Fate. With Milton in his dark days, Boece in prison could say,--\n\n \u2018I argue not\n Against Heaven\u2019s hand or will, nor bate a jot\n Of heart or hope; but still bear up and steer\n Right onward. What supports me, dost thou ask?\n The conscience, friend, to have lost them overplied\n In liberty\u2019s defence, my noble task,\n Of which all Europe rings from side to side.\u2019\n\nFor, indeed, the echoes of Boethius, Boethius, rang out loud from every\ncorner of European Literature. An Alfred awoke them in England, a\nChaucer, a Caxton would not let them die; an Elizabeth revived them\namong the glorious music of her reign.[I-1] To us, though far off, they\ncome with a sweet sound. \u2018The angelic\u2019 Thomas Aquinas commented on him,\nand many others followed the saint\u2019s steps. Dante read him, though,\nstrange to say, he speaks of the Consolation as \u2018a book not known by\nmany.\u2019[I-2] Belgium had her translations--both Flemish[I-3] and\nFrench[I-4]; Germany hers,[I-5] France hers,[I-6] Italy hers.[I-7] The\nLatin editors are too numerous to be catalogued here, and manuscripts\nabound in all our great libraries.\n\nNo philosopher was so bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of\nMiddle-age writers as Boethius. Take up what writer you will, and you\nfind not only the sentiments, but the very words of the distinguished\nold Roman. And surely we who read him in Chaucer\u2019s tongue, will not\nrefuse to say that his full-circling meed of glory was other than\ndeserved. Nor can we marvel that at the end of our great poet\u2019s life, he\nwas glad that he had swelled the chorus of Boethius\u2019 praise; and \u2018of the\ntranslacioun of Boece de Consolacioun,\u2019 thanked \u2018oure Lord Ihesu Crist\nand his moder, and alle the seintes in heuen.\u2019\n\nThe impression made by Boethius on Chaucer was evidently very deep. Not\nonly did he translate him directly, as in the present work, but he read\nhis beloved original over and over again, as witness the following list,\nincomplete of course, of passages from Chaucer\u2019s poems translated more\nor less literally from the _De Consolatione_:\n\n [Footnote I-1: Other translations are by John Walton of Osney, in\n verse, in 1410 (Reg. MS. 18, A\u00a013), first printed at Tavistock in\n 1525, and to be edited some time or other for the E.E.T.S. An\n anonymous prose version in the Bodleian. George Coluile, alias\n Coldewel, 1556; J.\u00a0T. 1609; H.\u00a0Conningesbye, 1664; Lord Preston,\n 1695, 1712; W.\u00a0Causton, 1730; Redpath, 1785; R.\u00a0Duncan, 1789;\n anon. 1792 (Lowndes).]\n\n [Footnote I-2: Dante, in his _Convito_, says, \u201cMisimi a legger\n quello _non conosciuto da molti_ libro di Boezio, nel quale\n captivo e discacciato consolato s\u2019avea.\u201d]\n\n [Footnote I-3: Printed at Ghent, 1485.]\n\n [Footnote I-4: By Reynier de Seinct Trudon, printed at Bruges,\n 1477.]\n\n [Footnote I-5: An old version of the 11th cent., printed by Graff,\n and a modern one printed at Nuremberg, 1473.]\n\n [Footnote I-6: By Jean de M\u00e9ung, printed at Paris, 1494.]\n\n [Footnote I-7: By Varchi, printed at Florence, 1551; Parma, 1798.]\n\n\nI. LOVE.\n\n Wost thou nat wel the olde clerkes sawe,\n That who schal yeve a lover eny lawe,\n Love is a grettere lawe, by my pan,\n Then may be yeve to (of) eny erthly man?\n\n (_Knightes Tale, Aldine Series_, vol. ii. p. 36, 37.)\n\n But what is he \u00feat may \u021deue a lawe to loueres. loue is a gretter\n lawe and a strengere to hym self \u00fean any lawe \u00feat men may \u021deuen.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Prose Translation_, p. 108.)\n\n _Quis legem det amantibus?\n Major lex amor est sibi._\n\n (Boeth., lib. iii. met. 12.)\n\n\nII. A DRUNKEN MAN.\n\n A dronke man wot wel he hath an hous,\n But he not[I-8] which the righte wey is thider.\n\n (_Knightes Tale_, vol. ii. p. 39.)\n\n _Ry\u021dt as a dronke man not nat[I-9] by whiche pa\u00fee he may retourne\n home to hys house._\n\n (Chaucer\u2019s Trans., p. 67.)\n\n _Sed velut ebrius, domum quo tramite revertatur, ignorat._\n\n (Boeth., lib. iii. pr. 2.)\n\n [Footnote I-8: The Harl. MS. reads _not nat_, to the confusion of\n the metre.]\n\n [Footnote I-9: = ne wot nat = knows not.]\n\n\nIII. THE CHAIN OF LOVE.\n\n The firste moevere of the cause above,\n Whan he first made the fayre cheyne of love,\n Gret was theffect, and heigh was his entente;\n Wel wist he why, and what therof he mente;\n _For with that faire cheyne of love he bond\n The fyr, the watir, the eyr, and eek the lond\n In certeyn boundes, that they may not flee._\n\n (_Knightes Tale_, p. 92.)\n\n That \u00fee world with stable feith / varieth acordable chaungynges //\n \u00feat the contraryos qualite of element\u021d holden amonge hem self\n aliaunce perdurable / \u00feat phebus the sonne with his goldene\n chariet / bryngeth forth the rosene day / \u00feat the mone hath\n commaundement ouer the nyhtes // whiche nyhtes hesperus the eue\n sterre hat[h] browt // \u00feat \u00fee se gredy to flowen constreyneth with\n a certeyn ende hise floodes / so \u00feat it is nat l[e]ueful to\n strechche hise brode termes or bowndes vp-on the erthes // \u00feat is\n to seyn to couere alle the erthe // Al this a-cordaunce of thinges\n is bownden with looue / \u00feat gouerneth erthe and see / and [he]\n hath also commaundement\u021d to the heuenes / and yif this looue\n slakede the brydelis / alle thinges \u00feat now louen hem to-gederes /\n wolden maken a batayle contynuely and stryuen to fordoon the\n fasoun of this worlde / the which they now leden in acordable\n feith by fayre moeuynges // this looue halt to-gideres poeples /\n ioygned with an hooly bond / and knytteth sacrement of maryages of\n chaste looues // And loue enditeth lawes to trewe felawes // O\n weleful weere mankynde / yif thilke loue \u00feat gouerneth heuene\n gouerned yowre corages /.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, bk. ii. met. 8.)\n\n Quod mundus stabili fide\n Concordes variat vices,\n Quod pugnantia semina\n F\u0153dus perpetuum tenent,\n Quod Ph\u0153bus roseum diem\n Curru provehit aureo,\n Ut quas duxerit Hesperus\n Ph\u0153be noctibus imperet,\n Ut fluctus avidum mare\n Certo fine coerceat,\n Ne terris liceat vagis\n Latos tundere terminos;\n _Hanc rerum seriem ligat,\n Terras ac pelagus regens,\n Et c\u0153lo imperitans amor._\n Hic si fr\u00e6na remiserit,\n Quicquid nunc amat invicem,\n Bellum continuo geret:\n Et quam nunc socia fide\n Pulcris motibus incitant,\n Certent solvere machinam.\n Hic sancto populos quoque\n Junctos f\u0153dere continet,\n Hic et conjugii sacrum\n Castis nectit amoribus,\n Hic fidis etiam sua\n Dictat jura sodalibus.\n O felix hominum genus,\n Si vestros animos amor,\n Quo c\u00e6lum regitur, regat.\n\n (_Boeth._, lib. ii. met. 8.)\n\n Love, that of erth and se hath governaunce!\n Love, that his hestes hath in hevene hye!\n Love, that with an holsom alliaunce\n Halt peples joyned, as hym liste hem gye!\n Love, that knetteth law and compaignye,\n And couples doth in vertu for to dwelle!\n\n (_Troylus & Cryseyde_, st. 243, vol. iv. p. 296.)\n\n That, that the world with faith, which that is stable\n Dyverseth so, his stoundes concordynge;--\n That elementz, that ben so discordable,\n Holden a bond, perpetualy durynge;--\n That Phebus mot his rosy carte forth brynge,\n And that the mone hath lordschip overe the nyghte;--\n Al this doth Love, ay heryed be his myght!\n\n That, that the se, that gredy is to flowen,\n Constreyneth to a certeyn ende so\n Hise flodes, that so fiersly they ne growen\n To drenchen erth and alle for everemo;\n And if that Love aught lete his brydel go,\n Al that now loveth asonder sholde lepe,\n And lost were al that Love halt now to kepe.\n\n (_Ibid._ st. 244, 245.)\n\n\nIV. MUTABILITY DIRECTED AND LIMITED BY AN IMMUTABLE AND DIVINE\nINTELLIGENCE.\n\n That same prynce and moevere eek, quod he,\n Hath stabled, in this wrecched world adoun,\n Certeyn dayes and duracioun\n To alle that er engendrid in this place,\n Over the whiche day they may nat pace,\n Al mowe they yit wel here dayes abregge;\n . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n Than may men wel by this ordre discerne\n That thilke moevere stabul is and eterne.\n . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n And therfore of his wyse purveaunce\n He hath so wel biset his ordenaunce,\n That spices of thinges and progressiouns\n Schullen endure by successiouns\n And nat eterne be, withoute any lye.\n\n (_Knightes Tale_, vol. ii. p. 92, 93.)\n\n \u00dee engendrynge of alle \u00feinges quod she and alle \u00fee progressiouns\n of muuable nature. and alle \u00feat moeue\u00fe in any manere taki\u00fe hys\n causes. hys ordre. and hys formes. of \u00fee stablenesse of \u00fee deuyne\n \u00feou\u021dt [and thilke deuyne thowht] \u00feat is yset and put in \u00fee toure.\n \u00feat is to seyne in \u00fee hey\u021dt of \u00fee simplicite of god. stablisi\u00fe\n many manere gyses to \u00feinges \u00feat ben to don.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, bk. iv. pr. 6, p. 134.)\n\n\nV. THE PART IS DERIVED FROM THE WHOLE, THE IMPERFECT FROM THE PERFECT.\n\n Wel may men knowe, but it be a fool,\n That every partye dyryveth from his hool.\n For nature hath nat take his bygynnyng\n Of no partye ne cantel of a thing,\n But of a thing that parfyt is and stable,\n Descendyng so, til it be corumpable.\n\n (_Knightes Tale_, vol. ii. p. 92.)\n\n For al \u00feing \u00feat is cleped inperfit . is proued inperfit by \u00fee\n amenusynge of perfeccioun . or of \u00feing \u00feat is perfit . and her-of\n come\u00fe it . \u00feat in euery \u00feing general . yif \u00feat . \u00feat men seen any\n \u00feing \u00feat is inperfit . certys in \u00feilke general \u00feer mot ben somme\n \u00feing \u00feat is perfit. For yif so be \u00feat perfeccioun is don awey .\n men may nat \u00feinke nor seye fro whennes \u00feilke \u00feing is \u00feat is cleped\n inperfit . For \u00fee nature of \u00feinges ne token nat her bygynnyng of\n \u00feinges amenused and inperfit . but it procedi\u00fe of \u00feingus \u00feat ben\n al hool . and absolut . and descende\u00fe so doune in-to outerest\n \u00feinges and in-to \u00feingus empty and wi\u00fe-oute fruyt . but as I haue\n shewed a litel her byforne . \u00feat yif \u00feer be a blisfulnesse \u00feat be\n frele and vein and inperfit . \u00feer may no man doute . \u00feat \u00feer nys\n som blisfulnesse \u00feat is sad stedfast and perfit.\u2019\n\n (bk. iii. pr. 10, p. 89.)\n\n Omne enim quod imperfectum esse dicitur, id deminutione perfecti\n imperfectum esse perhibetur. Quo fit ut si in quolibet genere\n imperfectum quid esse videatur, in eo perfectum quoque aliquod\n esse necesse sit. Etenim perfectione sublata, unde illud, quod\n imperfectum perhibetur, extiterit, ne fingi quidem potest. _Neque\n enim ab diminutis inconsummatisque natura rerum cepit exordium,\n sed ab integris absolutisque procedens in h\u00e6c extrema atque eff\u0153ta\n dilabitur._ Quod si, uti paulo ante monstravimus, est qu\u00e6dam boni\n fragilis imperfecta felicitas, esse aliquam solidam perfectamque\n non potest dubitari.\n\n (_Boeth._, lib. iii. pr. 10.)\n\n\nVI. GENTILITY.\n\n For gentilnesse nys but renom\u00e9\n Of thin auncestres, for her heigh bount\u00e9\n Which is a straunge thing to thy persone.\n\n (_The Wyf of Bathes Tale_, vol. ii. p. 241.)\n\n For if \u00fee name of gentilesse be referred to renoun and clernesse\n of linage. \u00fean is gentil name but a foreine \u00feing.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, p. 78.)\n\n _Qu\u00e6_ [nobilitas], _si ad claritudinem refertur, aliena est._\n\n (_Boethius_, lib. iii. pr. 6.)\n\n\nVII. NERO\u2019S CRUELTY.\n\n No teer out of his eyen for that sighte\n Ne cam; but sayde, a fair womman was sche.\n Gret wonder is how that he couthe or mighte\n Be domesman on hir dede beaut\u00e9.\n\n (_The Monkes Tale_, vol. iii. p. 217.)\n\n Ne no tere ne wette his face, but he was so hard-herted \u00feat he\n my\u021dte ben domesman or iuge of hire dede beaut\u00e9.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, p. 55.)\n\n Ora non tinxit lacrymis, sed esse\n Censor extincti potuit decoris.\n\n (_Boethius_, lib. ii. met. 6.)\n\n\nVIII. PREDESTINATION AND FREE-WILL.\n\nIn \u2018Troylus and Cryseyde\u2019 we find the following long passage taken from\nBoethius, book v. prose 2, 3.\n\nBook iv. st. 134, vol. iv. p. 339.\n\n (1) Syn God seth every thynge, out of doutaunce,\n And hem disponeth, thorugh his ordinaunce,\n In hire merites sothely for to be,\n As they shul comen by predesteyn\u00e9\n\n136\n\n (2) For som men seyn if God seth al byforne,\n Ne God may not deseyved ben pard\u00e9!\n Than moot it fallen, theigh men hadde it sworne,\n That purveyaunce hath seyn befor to be,\n Wherfor I seye, that, from eterne, if he\n Hathe wiste byforn our thought ek as oure dede,\n We have no fre choys, as thise clerkes rede.\n\n137\n\n (3) For other thoughte, nor other dede also,\n Myghte nevere ben, but swich as purveyaunce,\n Which may nat ben deceyved nevere moo,\n Hath feled byforne, withouten ignoraunce;\n For if ther myghte ben a variaunce,\n To wrythen out fro Goddes purveyinge,\n Ther nere no prescience of thynge comynge;\n\n138\n\n (4) But it were rather an opinyon\n Uncertein, and no stedfast forseynge;\n And certes that were an abusyon\n That God shold han no parfit clere wetynge,\n More than we men, that han douteous wenynge,\n But swich an erroure upon God to gesse\n Were fals, and foule, and wikked corsednesse.\n\n139\n\n (5) They seyn right thus, that thynge is nat to come,\n For that the prescience hath seyne byfore\n That it shal come; but they seyn that therfore\n That it shal come, therfor the purveyaunce\n Woot it bifore, withouten ignorance.\n\n140\n\n (6) And in this manere this necessit\u00e9\n Retourneth in his part contrarye agayn;\n For nedfully byhoveth it not to be,\n That thilke thynges fallen in certeyn\n That ben purveyed; but nedly, as they seyne,\n Bihoveth it that thynges, which that falle,\n That thei in certein ben purveied alle.\n\n141\n\n (7) I mene as though I labourede me in this,\n To enqueren which thynge cause of whiche thynge be;\n\n (8) As, whether that the prescience of God is\n The certein cause of the necessit\u00e9\n Of thynges that to comen ben, pard\u00e9!\n Or, if necessit\u00e9 of thynge comynge\n Be cause certein of the purveyinge.\n\n142\n\n (9) But now nenforce I me nat in shewynge\n How the ordre of causes stant; but wel woot I\n That it bihoveth that the bifallynge\n Of thynges, wiste bifor certeinly,\n Be necessarie, al seme it nat therby\n That prescience put fallynge necessaire\n To thynge to come, al falle it foule or faire.\n\n143\n\n (10) For, if ther sit a man yonde on a see, [seat]\n Than by necessit\u00e9 bihoveth it,\n That certes thyn opinioun soth be,\n That wenest or conjectest that he sit;\n And, further over, now ayeinwarde yit,\n Lo right so is it on the part contrarie,\n As thus,--nowe herkene, for I wol nat tarie:--\n\n144\n\n (11) I sey, that if the opinion of the\n Be soth for that he sit, than seye I this,\n That he moot sitten by necessit\u00e9;\n And thus necessit\u00e9 in either is,\n For in hym nede of sittynge is, ywis,\n And in the, nede of soth; and thus forsoth\n Ther mot necessit\u00e9 ben in yow bothe.\n\n145\n\n (12) But thow maist seyne, the man sit nat therfore,\n That thyn opinioun of his sittynge sothe is;\n But rather, for the man sat there byfore,\n Therfor is thyn opinioun soth, ywys;\n And I seye, though the cause of soth of this\n Cometh of his sittynge, yet necessit\u00e9\n Is interchaunged both in hym and the.\n\n146\n\n (13) Thus in the same wyse, out of doutaunce,\n I may wel maken, as it semeth me,\n My resonynge of Goddes purveiaunce,\n And of the thynges that to comen be; . . .\n\n147\n\n (14) For although that for thynge shal come, ywys,\n Therfor it is purveyed certeynly,\n Nat that it cometh for it purveied is;\n Yet, natheles, bihoveth it nedfully,\n That thynge to come be purveied trewly;\n Or elles thynges that purveied be.\n That they bitiden by necessit\u00e9.\n\n148\n\n (15) And this sufficeth right ynough, certeyn,\n For to distruye oure fre choys everydele.\n\n (1) Qu\u00e6 tamen ille ab \u00e6terno cuncta prospiciens providenti\u00e6 cernit\n intuitus, et suis qu\u00e6que meritis pr\u00e6destinata disponit.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0.\n (_Boethius_, lib. v. pr. 2.) \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0.\n\n (2) Nam si cuncta prospicit Deus neque falli ullo modo potest,\n evenire necesse est, quod providentia futurum esse pr\u00e6viderit.\n Quare si ab \u00e6terno non facta hominum modo, sed etiam consilia\n voluntatesque pr\u00e6noscit, nulla erit arbitrii libertas;\n\n (3) Neque enim vel factum aliud ullum vel qu\u00e6libet existere\n poterit voluntas, nisi quam nescia falli providentia divina\n pr\u00e6senserit. Nam si res aliorsum, quam provis\u00e6 sunt detorqueri\n valent, non jam erit futuri firma pr\u00e6scientia;\n\n (4) Sed opinio potius incerta; quod de Deo nefas credere judico.\n\n (5) Aiunt enim non ideo quid esse eventurum quoniam id providentia\n futurum esse prospexerit; sed e contrario potius, quoniam quid\n futurum est, id divinam providentiam latere non possit.\n\n (6) Eoque modo necessarium est hoc in contrariam relabi partem;\n neque enim necesse est contingere qu\u00e6 providentur, sed necesse est\n qu\u00e6 futura sunt provideri.\n\n (7) Quasi vero qu\u00e6 cujusque rei causa sit,\n\n (8) Pr\u00e6scientiane futurorum necessitatis an futurorum necessitas\n providenti\u00e6, laboretur.\n\n (9) At nos illud demonstrare nitamur, quoquo modo sese habeat ordo\n causarum, necessarium esse eventum pr\u00e6scitarum rerum, etiam si\n pr\u00e6scientia futuris rebus eveniendi necessitatem non videatur\n inferre.\n\n (10) Etenim si quispiam sedeat, opinionem qu\u00e6 eum sedere conjectat\n veram esse necesse est: at e converso rursus,\n\n (11) Si de quopiam vera sit opinio quoniam sedet eum sedere\n necesse est. In utroque igitur necessitas inest: in hoc quidem\n sedendi, at vero in altero veritatis.\n\n (12) Sed non idcirco quisque sedet, quoniam vera est opinio: sed\n h\u00e6c potius vera est, quoniam quempiam sedere pr\u00e6cessit. Ita cum\n causa veritatis ex altera parte procedat, inest tamen communis in\n utraque necessitas.\n\n (13) Similia de providentia futurisque rebus ratiocinari patet.\n\n (14) Nam etiam si idcirco, quoniam futura sunt, providentur: non\n vero ideo, quoniam providentur, eveniunt: nihilo minus tamen a Deo\n vel ventura provideri, vel provisa evenire necesse est:\n\n (15) Quod ad perimendam arbitrii libertatem solum satis est.\n\n (lib. v. pr. 3.)\n\nSee _Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, pp. 154-6.\n\n\nIX. THE GRIEF OF REMEMBERING BYGONE HAPPINESS.\n\n For, of fortunes scharp adversit\u00e9,\n The worste kynde of infortune is this,\n A man to han ben in prosperit\u00e9,\n And it remembren, when it passed is.\n\n (_Troylus and Cryseyde_, bk. iii. st. 226, vol. iv. p. 291.)\n\n Sed hoc est, quod recolentem me vehementius coquit. Nam in omni\n adversitate fortun\u00e6 infelicissimum genus est infortunii, fuisse\n felicem.[I-10]\n\n (_Boethius_, lib. ii. pr. 4.)\n\n [Footnote I-10: Cf. Dante, _Inferno_, V. 121.\n\n Nessun maggior dolore\n Che ricordarsi del tempo felice\n Nella miseria; e ci\u00f2 sa \u2019l tuo Dottore.]\n\n\nX. VULTURES TEAR THE STOMACH OF TITYUS IN HELL.\n\n ----Syciphus in Helle,\n Whos stomak fowles tyren everemo,\n That hyghten volturis.\n\n (_Troylus and Cryseyde_, book i. st. 113, p. 140.)\n\n \u00dee fowel \u00feat hy\u021dt voltor \u00feat eti\u00fe \u00fee stomak or \u00fee giser of ticius.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, p. 107.)\n\n\nXI. THE MUTABILITY OF FORTUNE.\n\n For if hire (Fortune\u2019s) whiel stynte any thinge to torne\n Thanne cessed she Fortune anon to be.\n\n (_Troylus and Cryseyde_, bk. i. st. 122, p. 142.)\n\n If fortune bygan to dwelle stable. she cesed[e] \u00fean to ben fortune.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, p. 32.)\n\n(Compare stanzas 120, 121, p. 142, and stanza 136, p. 146, of \u2018Troylus\nand Cryseyde\u2019 with pp.\u00a031, 33, 35, and p.\u00a034 of Chaucer\u2019s Boethius.)\n\n At omnium mortalium stolidissime, si manere incipit, fors esse\n desistit.\n\n (_Boethius_, lib. ii. prose 1.)\n\n\nXII. WORLDLY SELYNESSE\n\n . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n Imedled is with many a bitternesse.\n Ful angwyshous than is, God woote, quod she,\n Condicion of veyn prosperit\u00e9!\n For oyther joies comen nought yfeere,\n Or elles no wight hath hem alwey here.\n\n (_Troylus and Cryseyde_, bk. iii. st. 110, p. 258.)\n\n \u00dee swetnesse of mannes welefulnesse is yspranid wi\u00fe many[e]\n bitternesses.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, p. 42.)\n\n --ful anguissous \u00feing is \u00fee condicioun of mans goodes. For ey\u00feer\n it come\u00fe al to-gidre to a wy\u021dt. or ellys it laste\u00fe not perpetuely.\n\n (_Ib._ p. 41.)\n\n Quam multis amaritudinibus human\u00e6 felicitatis dulcedo respersa\n est!\n\n (_Boethius_, lib. ii. prose 4.)\n\n Anxia enim res est humanorum conditio bonorum, et qu\u00e6 vel nunquam\n tota proveniat, vel nunquam perpetua subsistat.\n\n (_Ib._)\n\n O, brotel wele of mannes joie unstable!\n With what wight so thow be, or how thow pleye,\n Oither he woot that thow joie art muable,\n Or woot it nought, it mot ben on of tweyen:\n Now if he woot it not, how may he seyen\n That he hath veray joie and selynesse,\n That is of ignoraunce ay in distresse?\n\n Now if he woote that joie is transitorie,\n As every joie of worldly thynge mot fle,\n Thanne every tyme he that hath in memorie,\n The drede of lesyng maketh hym that he\n May in no parfyte selynesse be:\n And if to lese his joie, he sette not a myte,\n Than semeth it, that joie is worth ful lite.\n\n (_Troylus and Cryseyde_, bk. iii. st. 111, 112, vol. iv. p.\u00a0258.)\n\n (1) What man \u00feat \u00feis toumblyng welefulnesse leedi\u00fe, ei\u00feer he woot\n \u00feat [it] is chaungeable. or ellis he woot it nat. And yif he woot\n it not. what blisful fortune may \u00feer be in \u00fee blyndenesse of\n ignoraunce.\n\n (2) And yif he woot \u00feat it is chaungeable. he mot alwey ben adrad\n \u00feat he ne lese \u00feat \u00feing. \u00feat he ne doute\u00fe nat but \u00feat he may\n leesen it. . . . . . For whiche \u00fee continuel drede \u00feat he ha\u00fe\n ne suffri\u00fe hym nat to ben weleful. Or ellys yif he leese it he\n wene[\u00fe] to be dispised and forleten hit. Certis eke \u00feat is a ful\n lytel goode \u00feat is born wi\u00fe euene hert[e] whan it is loost.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, pp. 43, 44.)\n\n (1) Quem caduca ista felicitas vehit, vel scit eam, vel nescit\n esse mutabilem. Si nescit, qu\u00e6nam beata sors esse potest\n ignoranti\u00e6 in c\u00e6citate?\n\n (2) Si scit, metuat necesse est, ne amittat, quod amitti posse non\n dubitat; quare continuus timor non sinit esse felicem. An vel si\n amiserit, negligendum putat? Sic quoque perexile bonum est, quod\n \u00e6quo animo feratur amissum.\n\n (_Boethius_, lib. ii. prose 4.)\n\n\nXIII. FORTUNE.\n\n ----Fortune\n That semeth trewest when she wol bigyle,\n . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n And, when a wight is from hire whiel ithrowe,\n Than laugheth she, and maketh hym the mowe.\n\n (_Troylus and Cryseyde_, bk. iii. st. 254, vol. iv. p. 299.)\n\n She (Fortune) vse\u00fe ful flatryng familarit\u00e9 wi\u00fe hem \u00feat she\n enforce\u00fe to bygyle.\n\n (_Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, p. 30.)\n\n .\u00a0 .\u00a0 .\u00a0 .\u00a0 .\u00a0 .\u00a0 . She lau\u021de\u00fe and scorne\u00fe \u00fee wepyng of hem \u00fee\n whiche she ha\u00fe maked wepe wi\u00fe hir free wille\u00a0 .\u00a0 .\u00a0 .\u00a0 . Yif \u00feat a\n wy\u021dt is seyn weleful and ouer\u00ferowe in an houre.\n\n (_Ib._ p. 33.)\n\nIn book v., stanza 260, vol. v. p. 75, Chaucer describes how the soul of\nHector, after his death, ascended \u2018up to the holughnesse of the seventhe\nspere.\u2019 In so doing he seems to have had before him met.\u00a01, book\u00a04, of\nBoethius, where the \u2018soul\u2019 is described as passing into the heaven\u2019s\nutmost sphere, and looking down on the world below. See _Chaucer\u2019s\nBoethius_, p.\u00a0110, 111.\n\n\u00c6tas Prima is of course a metrical version of lib. ii. met. 5.\n\nHampole speaks of the wonderful sight of the Lynx; perhaps he was\nindebted to Boethius for the hint. --(See _Boethius_, book 3, pr. 8,\np. 81.)\n\nI have seen the following elsewhere:\n\n (1) Value not beauty, for it may be destroyed by a three days\u2019\n fever.\n\n (See _Chaucer\u2019s Boethius_, p. 81.)\n\n (2) There is no greater plague than the enmity of thy familiar\n friend.\n\n (See _Chaucer\u2019s_ translation, p. 77.)\n\n * * * * *\n\nChaucer did not English Boethius second-hand, through any early French\nversion, as some have supposed, but made his translation with the Latin\noriginal before him.\n\nJean de M\u00e9ung\u2019s version, the only early French translation, perhaps,\naccessible to Chaucer, is not always literal, while the present\ntranslation is seldom free or periphrastic, but conforms closely to the\nLatin, and is at times awkwardly literal. A few passages, taken\nhaphazard, will make this sufficiently clear.\n\n _Et dolor \u00e6tatem jussit inesse suam._ And sorou ha\u00fe comaunded his\n age to be in me (p. 4).\n\n Et ma douleur {com}ma{n}da a vieillesse\n Entrer en moy / ains quen fust hors ieunesse.\n\n _Mors hominum felix, qu\u00e6 se nec dulcibus annis\n Inserit, et m\u00e6stis s\u00e6pe vocata venit._\n\n \u00deilke dee\u00fe of men is welful \u00feat ne come\u00fe not in \u021deres \u00feat ben\n swete (i. _mirie_). but come\u00fe to wrecches often yclepid. (p.\u00a04)\n\n On dit la mort des ho{m}es estre eureuse\n Qui ne vie{n}t pas en saiso{n} pla{n}tureuse\n Mais des tristes mo{u}lt souue{n}t appellee\n Elle y affuit nue / seche et pelee.\n\n _Querimoniam lacrymabilem._ Wepli compleynte (p. 5). Fr. ma\n complainte moy esmouuant a pleurs.\n\n _Styli officio._ Wi\u00fe office of poyntel (p. 5). Fr. (que ie\n reduisse) p{ar} escript.\n\n _Inexhaustus._ Swiche . . . \u00feat it ne my\u021dt[e] not be emptid (p.\n 5). Fr. inconsumptible.\n\n _Scenicas meretriculas._ Comune strumpetis of siche a place \u00feat\n men clepen \u00fee theatre (p. 6). Fr. ces ribaudelles fardees.\n\n _Pr\u00e6cipiti profundo._ In ouer-\u00ferowyng depnesse (p. 7).\n\n [L]As que la pensee de lomme\n Est troublee et plongie comme\n En _abisme precipitee_\n Sa propre lumiere gastee.\n\n _Nec pervetusta nec incelebris._ Ney\u00feer ouer-oolde ne vnsolempne\n (p. 11). Fr. desquelz la memoire nest pas trop ancienne ou no{n}\n recitee.\n\n _Inter secreta otia._ Among my secre restyng whiles (p. 14). Fr.\n entre mes secrettes {et} oyseuses estudes.\n\n _Palatini canes._ \u00dee houndys of \u00fee palays (p. 15). Fr. les chiens\n du palais.\n\n _Mascul\u00e6 prolis._ Of \u00fei masculyn children (p. 37). Fr. de ta\n lignie masculine.\n\n _Ad singularem felicitatis tu\u00e6 cumulum venire delectat._ It\n delite\u00fe me to comen now to \u00fee singuler vphepyng of \u00fei welefulnesse\n (p. 37). Fr. Il me plait venir au singulier monceau de ta\n felicite.\n\n _Consulare imperium._ Emperie of consulers (p. 51). Fr. le{m}pire\n consulaire.\n\n _Hoc ipsum brevis habitaculi._ Of \u00feilke litel habitacle (p. 57).\n Fr. de cest trespetit habitacle.\n\n _Late patentes plagas._ \u00dee brode shewyng contreys (p. 60).\n\n QVico{n}ques tend a gloire vaine\n Et le croit estre souueraine\n Voye _les regions pate{n}tes_\n Du ciel . . . . . .\n\n _Ludens hominum cura._ \u00dee pleiyng besines of men (p. 68).\n\n Si quil tollist par doulz estude\n Des hommes la solicitude . .\n\n _Hausi c\u0153lum._ I took heuene (p. 10). Fr. ie . . . regarday le\n ciel.\n\n _Certamen adversum pr\u00e6fectum pr\u00e6torii communis commodi ratione\n suscepi._ I took strif a\u021deins \u00fee prouost of \u00fee pretorie for comune\n profit (p. 15). Fr. ie entrepris lestrif a lencontre du prefect du\n parlement royal a cause de la commune vtilite.\n\n _At cujus criminis arguimur summam qu\u00e6ris?_ But axest \u00feou in somme\n of what gilt I am accused? (p. 17). Fr. Mais demandes tu la somme\n du pechie duquel pechie nous so{m}mes arguez?\n\n _Fortuita temeritate._ By fortunouse fortune (p. 26). Fr. par\n fortuite folie.\n\n _Quos premunt septem gelidi triones._ Alle \u00fee peoples \u00feat ben\n vndir \u00fee colde sterres \u00feat hy\u021dten \u00fee seuene triones (p. 55). Fr.\n ceulx de septentrion.\n\n _Ita ego quoque tibi veluti corollarium dabo._ Ry\u021dt so wil I \u021deue\n \u00fee here as a corolarie or a mede of coroune (p. 91). Fr.\n semblablement ie te donneray ainsi que vng correlaire.\n\n _In stadio._ In \u00fee stadie or in \u00fee forlonge (p. 119). Fr. ou (for\n au) champ.\n\n _Conjecto._ I coniecte (p. 154). Fr. ie coniecture.\n\n _Nimium . . . adversari ac repugnare videtur._ It seme\u00fe . . . to\n repugnen and to contrarien gretly. Fr. Ce semble chose trop\n contraire et repugnante.\n\n _Universitatis ambitum._ Envirounynge of \u00fee vniuersite (p. 165).\n Fr. lauironnement de luniuersalite.\n\n _Rationis universum._ Vniuersite of resoun (p. 165). Fr.\n luniuersalite de Raison.\n\n _Scientiam nunquam deficientis instanti\u00e6 rectius \u00e6stimabis._ \u00deou\n shalt demen [it] more ry\u021dtfully \u00feat it is science of presence or\n of instaunce \u00feat neuer ne fayle\u00fe (p. 174). Fr. mais tu la diras\n plus droittement et mieulx science de instante p{re}sentialite non\n iamais defaillant mais eternelle.\n\nMany of the above examples are very bald renderings of the original, and\nare only quoted here to show that Chaucer did not make his translation\nfrom the French.\n\nChaucer is not always felicitous in his translations:--thus he\ntranslates _clavus atque gubernaculum_ by _keye and a stiere_ (p.\u00a0103),\nand _compendium_ (gain, acquisition) by _abreggynge_ (abridging,\ncurtailment), p.\u00a0151. Many terms make their appearance in English for\nthe first time,--and most of them have become naturalized, and are such\nas we could ill spare. Some few are rather uncommon, as _gouernaile_\n(gubernaculum), p.\u00a027; _arbitre_ (arbitrium), p.\u00a0154. As Chaucer takes\nthe trouble to explain _inestimable_ (in\u00e6stimabilis), p.\u00a0158, it could\nnot have been a very familiar term.\n\nOur translator evidently took note of various readings, for on p.\u00a031 he\nnotes a variation of the original. On p.\u00a051 he uses _armurers_\n(=\u00a0armures) to render _arma_, though most copies agree in reading\n_arva_.\n\nThere are numerous glosses and explanations of particular passages,\nwhich seem to be interpolated by Chaucer himself. Thus he explains what\nis meant by the _heritage of Socrates_ (p.\u00a010, 11); he gives the\nmeaning of _coemption_ (p.\u00a015); of _Euripus_ (p.\u00a033); of the _porch_\n(p.\u00a0166).[I-11] Some of his definitions are very quaint; as, for\ninstance, that of Tragedy--\u2018_a dit\u00e9 of a prosperit\u00e9 for a tyme \u00feat endi\u00fe\nin wrechednesse_\u2019 (p.\u00a035). One would think that the following definition\nof Tragedian would be rather superfluous after this,--\u2018_a maker of dites\n\u00feat hy\u021dten_ (are called) _tregedies_\u2019 (p.\u00a077).\n\n _Melliflui . . . oris Homerus_\n\nis thus quaintly Englished: _Homer wi\u00fe \u00fee hony mou\u00fee, \u00feat is to seyn.\nhomer wi\u00fe \u00fee swete dites_ (p.\u00a0153).\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe present translation of the _De Consolatione_ is taken from\nAdditional MS. 10,340, which is supposed to be the _oldest_ manuscript\nthat exists in our public libraries. After it was all copied out and\nready for press, Mr Bradshaw was kind enough to procure me, for the\npurpose of collation, the loan of the Camb. University MS. Ii. 3. 21,\nfrom which the various readings at the foot of the pages are taken.\n\nHad I had an opportunity of examining the Cambridge MS. carefully\nthroughout before the work was so far advanced, I should certainly have\nselected it in preference to the text now given to the reader. Though\nnot so ancient as the British Museum MS., it is far more correct in its\ngrammatical inflexions, and is no doubt a copy of an older and very\naccurate text.\n\nThe Additional MS. is written by a scribe who was unacquainted with the\nforce of the final _-e_. Thus he adds it to the preterites of strong\nverbs, which do not require it; he omits it in the preterites of weak\nverbs where it is wanted, and attaches it to passive participles (of\nweak verbs), where it is superfluous. The scribe of the Cambridge MS. is\ncareful to preserve the final _-e_ where it is a sign (1)\u00a0of the\ndefinite declension of the adjective; (2)\u00a0of the plural adjective;\n(3)\u00a0of the infinitive mood; (4)\u00a0of the preterite of weak verbs; (5)\u00a0of\npresent participles;[I-12] (6)\u00a0of the 2nd pers. pret. indic. of strong\nverbs; (7)\u00a0of adverbs; (8)\u00a0of an older vowel ending.\n\nThe Addit. MS. has frequently _thilk_ (singular and plural), and _-nes_\n(in _wrechednes_, &c.), when the Camb. MS. has _thilke_[I-13] and\n_-nesse_.\n\nFor further differences the reader may consult the numerous collations\nat the foot of the page.\n\nIf the Chaucer Society obtains that amount of patronage from the\nliterary public which it deserves, but unfortunately has yet not\nsucceeded in getting, so that it may be enabled to go on with the great\nwork which has been so successfully commenced, then the time may come\nwhen I shall have the opportunity of editing the Camb. MS. of Chaucer\u2019s\nBoethius for that Society, and lovers of Early English Literature will\nhave two texts instead of one.\n\n [Footnote I-11: See pages 39, 50, 61, 94, 111, 133, 149, 153,\n 159.]\n\n [Footnote I-12: In the Canterbury Tales we find participles in\n _-yng\u00eb_.]\n\n [Footnote I-13: It is nearly always _thilk\u00eb_ in the Canterbury\n Tales.]\n\n\n\n\nAPPENDIX TO INTRODUCTION.\n\n\nThe last of the ancients, and one who forms a link between the classical\nperiod of literature and that of the middle ages, in which he was a\nfavourite author, is Boethius, a man of fine genius, and interesting\nboth from his character and his death. It is well known that after\nfilling the dignities of Consul and Senator in the court of Theodoric,\nhe fell a victim to the jealousy of a sovereign, from whose memory, in\nmany respects glorious, the stain of that blood has never been effaced.\nThe _Consolation of Philosophy_, the chief work of Boethius, was written\nin his prison. Few books are more striking from the circumstances of\ntheir production. Last of the classic writers, in style not impure,\nthough displaying too lavishly that poetic exuberance which had\ndistinguished the two or three preceding centuries, in elevation of\nsentiment equal to any of the philosophers, and mingling a Christian\nsanctity with their lessons, he speaks from his prison in the swan-like\ntones of dying eloquence. The philosophy that consoled him in bonds, was\nsoon required in the sufferings of a cruel death. Quenched in his blood,\nthe lamp he had trimmed with a skilful hand gave no more light; the\nlanguage of Tully and Virgil soon ceased to be spoken; and many ages\nwere to pass away, before learned diligence restored its purity, and the\nunion of genius with imitation taught a few modern writers to surpass in\neloquence the Latinity of Boethius. --(Hallam\u2019s _Literature of Europe_,\ni. 2, 4th ed. 1854.)\n\nThe Senator Boethius is the last of the Romans whom Cato or Tully could\nhave acknowledged for their countryman. As a wealthy orphan, he\ninherited the patrimony and honours of the Anician family, a name\nambitiously assumed by the kings and emperors of the age; and the\nappellation of Manlius asserted his genuine or fabulous descent from a\nrace of consuls and dictators, who had repulsed the Gauls from the\nCapitol, and sacrificed their sons to the discipline of the Republic. In\nthe youth of Boethius the studies of Rome were not totally abandoned; a\nVirgil is now extant, corrected by the hand of a consul; and the\nprofessors of grammar, rhetoric, and jurisprudence, were maintained in\ntheir privileges and pensions by the liberality of the Goths. But the\nerudition of the Latin language was insufficient to satiate his ardent\ncuriosity; and Boethius is said to have employed eighteen laborious\nyears in the schools of Athens, which were supported by the zeal, the\nlearning, and the diligence of Proclus and his disciples. The reason and\npiety of their Roman pupil were fortunately saved from the contagion of\nmystery and magic, which polluted the groves of the Academy, but he\nimbibed the spirit, and imitated the method, of his dead and living\nmasters, who attempted to reconcile the strong and subtle sense of\nAristotle with the devout contemplation and sublime fancy of Plato.\nAfter his return to Rome, and his marriage with the daughter of his\nfriend, the patrician Symmachus, Boethius still continued, in a palace\nof ivory and [glass] to prosecute the same studies. The Church was\nedified by his profound defence of the orthodox creed against the Arian,\nthe Eutychian, and the Nestorian heresies; and the Catholic unity was\nexplained or exposed in a formal treatise by the _indifference_ of three\ndistinct though consubstantial persons. For the benefit of his Latin\nreaders, his genius submitted to teach the first elements of the arts\nand sciences of Greece. The geometry of Euclid, the music of Pythagoras,\nthe arithmetic of Nicomachus, the mechanics of Archimedes, the astronomy\nof Ptolemy, the theology of Plato, and the logic of Aristotle, with the\ncommentary of Porphyry, were translated and illustrated by the\nindefatigable pen of the Roman senator. And he alone was esteemed\ncapable of describing the wonders of art, a sun-dial, a water-clock, or\na sphere which represented the motions of the planets. From these\nabstruse speculations, Boethius stooped, or, to speak more truly, he\nrose to the social duties of public and private life: the indigent were\nrelieved by his liberality; and his eloquence, which flattery might\ncompare to the voice of Demosthenes or Cicero, was uniformly exerted in\nthe cause of innocence and humanity. Such conspicuous merit was felt and\nrewarded by a discerning prince: the dignity of Boethius was adorned\nwith the titles of consul and patrician, and his talents were usefully\nemployed in the important station of master of the offices.\nNotwithstanding the equal claims of the East and West, his two sons were\ncreated, in their tender youth, the consuls of the same year. On the\nmemorable day of their inauguration, they proceeded in solemn pomp from\ntheir palace to the forum amidst the applause of the senate and people;\nand their joyful father, the true Consul of Rome, after pronouncing an\noration in the praise of his royal benefactor, distributed a triumphal\nlargess in the games of the circus. Prosperous in his fame and fortunes,\nin his public honours and private alliances, in the cultivation of\nscience and the consciousness of virtue, Boethius might have been styled\nhappy, if that precarious epithet could be safely applied before the\nlast term of the life of man.\n\nA philosopher, liberal of his wealth and parsimonious of his time, might\nbe insensible to the common allurements of ambition, the thirst of gold\nand employment. And some credit may be due to the asseveration of\nBoethius, that he had reluctantly obeyed the divine Plato, who enjoins\nevery virtuous citizen to rescue the state from the usurpation of vice\nand ignorance. For the integrity of his public conduct he appeals to the\nmemory of his country. His authority had restrained the pride and\noppression of the royal officers, and his eloquence had delivered\nPaulianus from the dogs of the palace. He had always pitied, and often\nrelieved, the distress of the provincials, whose fortunes were exhausted\nby public and private rapine; and Boethius alone had courage to oppose\nthe tyranny of the Barbarians, elated by conquest, excited by avarice,\nand, as he complains, encouraged by impunity. In these honourable\ncontests his spirit soared above the consideration of danger, and\nperhaps of prudence; and we may learn from the example of Cato, that a\ncharacter of pure and inflexible virtue is the most apt to be misled by\nprejudice, to be heated by enthusiasm, and to confound private enmities\nwith public justice. The disciple of Plato might exaggerate the\ninfirmities of nature, and the imperfections of society; and the mildest\nform of a Gothic kingdom, even the weight of allegiance and gratitude,\nmust be insupportable to the free spirit of a Roman patriot. But the\nfavour and fidelity of Boethius declined in just proportion with the\npublic happiness; and an unworthy colleague was imposed to divide and\ncontrol the power of the master of the offices. In the last gloomy\nseason of Theodoric, he indignantly felt that he was a slave; but as his\nmaster had only power over his life, he stood without arms and without\nfear against the face of an angry Barbarian, who had been provoked to\nbelieve that the safety of the senate was incompatible with his own. The\nSenator Albinus was accused and already convicted on the presumption of\n_hoping_, as it was said, the liberty of Rome.\n\n\u201cIf Albinus be criminal,\u201d exclaimed the orator, \u201cthe senate and myself\nare all guilty of the same crime. If we are innocent, Albinus is equally\nentitled to the protection of the laws.\u201d These laws might not have\npunished the simple and barren wish of an unattainable blessing; but\nthey would have shown less indulgence to the rash confession of\nBoethius, that, had he known of a conspiracy, the tyrant never should.\nThe advocate of Albinus was soon involved in the danger and perhaps the\nguilt of his client; their signature (which they denied as a forgery)\nwas affixed to the original address, inviting the emperor to deliver\nItaly from the Goths; and three witnesses of honourable rank, perhaps of\ninfamous reputation, attested the treasonable designs of the Roman\npatrician. Yet his innocence must be presumed, since he was deprived by\nTheodoric of the means of justification, and rigorously confined in the\ntower of Pavia, while the senate, at the distance of five hundred miles,\npronounced a sentence of confiscation and death against the most\nillustrious of its members. At the command of the Barbarians, the occult\nscience of a philosopher was stigmatized with the names of sacrilege and\nmagic. A devout and dutiful attachment to the senate was condemned as\ncriminal by the trembling voices of the senators themselves; and their\ningratitude deserved the wish or prediction of Boethius, that, after\nhim, none should be found guilty of the same offence.\n\nWhile Boethius, oppressed with fetters, expected each moment the\nsentence or the stroke of death, he composed in the tower of Pavia the\n_Consolation of Philosophy_; a golden volume not unworthy of the leisure\nof Plato or Tully, but which claims incomparable merit from the\nbarbarism of the times and the situation of the author. The celestial\nguide, whom he had so long invoked at Rome and Athens, now condescended\nto illumine his dungeon, to revive his courage, and to pour into his\nwounds her salutary balm. She taught him to compare his long prosperity\nand his recent distress, and to conceive new hopes from the inconstancy\nof fortune. Reason had informed him of the precarious condition of her\ngifts; experience had satisfied him of their real value; he had enjoyed\nthem without guilt; he might resign them without a sigh, and calmly\ndisdain the impotent malice of his enemies, who had left him happiness,\nsince they had left him virtue. From the earth, Boethius ascended to\nheaven in search of the SUPREME GOOD; explored the metaphysical\nlabyrinth of chance and destiny, of prescience and free-will, of time\nand eternity; and generously attempted to reconcile the perfect\nattributes of the Deity with the apparent disorders of his moral and\nphysical government. Such topics of consolation, so obvious, so vague,\nor so abstruse, are ineffectual to subdue the feelings of human nature.\nYet the sense of misfortune may be diverted by the labour of thought;\nand the sage who could artfully combine in the same work the various\nriches of philosophy, poetry, and eloquence, must already have possessed\nthe intrepid calmness which he affected to seek. Suspense, the worst of\nevils, was at length determined by the ministers of death, who executed,\nand perhaps exceeded, the inhuman mandate of Theodoric. A strong cord\nwas fastened round the head of Boethius, and forcibly tightened till his\neyes almost started from their sockets; and some mercy may be discovered\nin the milder torture of beating him with clubs till he expired. But his\ngenius survived to diffuse a ray of knowledge over the darkest ages of\nthe Latin world; the writings of the philosopher were translated by the\nmost glorious of the English kings, and the third emperor of the name of\nOtho removed to a more honourable tomb the bones of a Catholic saint,\nwho, from his Arian persecutors, had acquired the honours of martyrdom\nand the fame of miracles. In the last hours of Boethius, he derived some\ncomfort from the safety of his two sons, of his wife, and of his\nfather-in-law, the venerable Symmachus. But the grief of Symmachus was\nindiscreet, and perhaps disrespectful; he had presumed to lament, he\nmight dare to revenge, the death of an injured friend. He was dragged in\nchains from Rome to the palace of Ravenna; and the suspicions of\nTheodoric could only be appeased by the blood of an innocent and aged\nsenator.--Gibbon\u2019s _Decline and Fall_, 1838, vol. vii. p.\u00a045-52 (without\nthe notes).\n\n\n\n\nINDEX\n\n\n_(Giving the first line of each Metre, the first words of each Prose,\nand the corresponding page of the translation)._\n\nBook Metre Prose Page\n\n I 1 -- Carmina qui quondam studio florente peregi 4\n \u201e -- 1 H\u00e6c dum mecum tacitus ipse reputarem 5\n \u201e 2 -- Heu, quam pr\u00e6cipiti mersa profundo 7\n \u201e -- 2 Sed medicin\u00e6, inquit, potius tempus est 8\n \u201e 3 -- Tunc me discussa liquerunt nocte tenebr\u00e6 9\n \u201e -- 3 Haud aliter tristiti\u00e6 nebulis dissolutis,\n hausi c\u0153lum 10\n \u201e 4 -- Quisquis composito serenus \u00e6vo 12\n \u201e -- 4 Sentisne, inquit, h\u00e6c, atque animo\n illabuntur tuo? 13\n \u201e 5 -- O stelliferi conditor orbis 21\n \u201e -- 5 H\u00e6c ubi continuato dolore delatravi 23\n \u201e 6 -- Cum Ph\u0153bi radiis grave 25\n \u201e -- 6 Primum igitur paterisne me pauculis\n rogationibus 26\n \u201e 7 -- Nubibus atris 29\n II -- 1 Posth\u00e6c paulisper obticuit 29\n \u201e 1 -- H\u00e6c cum superba verterit vices dextra 33\n \u201e -- 2 Vellem autem pauca tecum fortun\u00e6 ipsius 33\n \u201e 2 -- Si quantas rapidis flatibus incitus 35\n \u201e -- 3 His igitur si pro se tecum fortuna\n loqueretur 36\n \u201e 3 -- Cum polo Ph\u0153bus roseis quadrigis 39\n \u201e -- 4 Tum ego, Vera, inquam, commemoras 39\n \u201e 4 -- Quisquis volet perennem 44\n \u201e -- 5 Sed quoniam rationum jam in te mearum\n fomenta 45\n \u201e 5 -- Felix nimium prior \u00e6tas 50\n \u201e -- 6 Quid autem de dignitatibus, potentiaque\n disseram 51\n \u201e 6 -- Novimus quantas dederit ruinas 55\n \u201e -- 7 Tum ego, Scis, inquam, ipsa 56\n \u201e 7 -- Quicumque solam mente pr\u00e6cipiti petit 60\n \u201e -- 8 Sed ne me inexorabile contra fortunam 61\n \u201e 8 -- Quod mundus stabili fide 62\n III -- 1 Jam cantum illa finierat 63\n \u201e 1 -- Qui serere ingenuum volet agrum 64\n \u201e -- 2 Tum defixo paululum visu 64\n \u201e 2 -- Quantas rerum flectat habenas 68\n \u201e -- 3 Vos quoque, o terrena animalia 69\n \u201e 3 -- Quamvis fluente dives auri gurgite 71\n \u201e -- 4 Sed dignitates honorabilem reverendumque 72\n \u201e 4 -- Quamvis se Tyrio superbus ostro 74\n \u201e -- 5 An vero regna regumque familiaritas\n efficere potentem valent? 75\n \u201e 5 -- Qui se volet esse potentem 77\n \u201e -- 6 Gloria vero quam fallax s\u00e6pe,\n quam turpis est! 77\n \u201e 6 -- Omne hominum genus in terris 78\n \u201e -- 7 Quid autem de corporis voluptatibus loquar? 79\n \u201e 7 -- Habet omnis hoc voluptas 80\n \u201e -- 8 Nihil igitur dubium est, quin 80\n \u201e 8 -- Eheu, quam miseros tramite devio 81\n \u201e -- 9 Hactenus mendacis formam felicitatis\n ostendisse 82\n \u201e 9 -- O qui perpetua mundum ratione gubernas 87\n \u201e -- 10 Quoniam igitur qu\u00e6 sit imperfecti 88\n \u201e 10 -- Huc omnes pariter venite capti 94\n \u201e -- 11 Assentior, inquam. 95\n \u201e 11 -- Quisquis profunda mente vestigat verum 100\n \u201e -- 12 Tum ego, Platoni, inquam, vehementer\n assentior 101\n \u201e 12 -- Felix qui potuit boni 106\n IV -- 1 H\u00e6c cum Philosophia, dignitate 108\n \u201e 1 -- Sunt etenim penn\u00e6 volucres mihi 110\n \u201e -- 2 Tum ego, Pap\u00e6, inquam, ut magna promittis! 112\n \u201e 2 -- Quos vides sedere celso 118\n \u201e -- 3 Videsne igitur quanto in c\u0153no probra\n volvantur 119\n \u201e 3 -- Vela Neritii ducis 122\n \u201e -- 4 Tum ego, Fateor, inquam, nec injuria\n dici video 123\n \u201e 4 -- Quid tantos juvat excitare motus 130\n \u201e -- 5 Hic ego, Video, inquam, qu\u00e6 sit vel\n felicitas 131\n \u201e 5 -- Si quis Arcturi sidera nescit 132\n \u201e -- 6 Ita est, inquam. 133\n \u201e 6 -- Si vis celsi jura tonantis 143\n \u201e -- 7 Jamne igitur vides, quid h\u00e6c omnia\n qu\u00e6 diximus, consequatur? 144\n \u201e 7 -- Bella bis quinis operatus annis 147\n V -- 1 Dixerat, orationisque cursum ad alia qu\u00e6dam 149\n \u201e 1 -- Rupis Ach\u00e6meni\u00e6 scopulis, ubi versa\n sequentum 151\n \u201e -- 2 Animadverto, inquam, idque uti tu dicis,\n ita esse consentio. 152\n \u201e 2 -- Puro clarum lumine Ph\u0153bum 153\n \u201e -- 3 Tum ego, En, inquam, difficiliori rursus\n ambiguitate confundor. 154\n \u201e 3 -- Qu\u00e6nam discors f\u0153dera rerum 159\n \u201e -- 4 Tum illa, Vetus, inquit, h\u00e6c est de\n Providentia querela 161\n \u201e 4 -- Quondam porticus attulit 166\n \u201e -- 5 Quod si in corporibus sentiendis, quamvis 168\n \u201e 5 -- Quam variis terras animalia permeant\n figuris! 170\n \u201e -- 6 Quoniam igitur, uti paulo ante\n monstratum est 171\n\n Appendix.--\u00c6tas Prima 180\n \u201e Balades de Vilage sanz Peinture 182\n\n\n\n\nTABLE OF CONTENTS.\n\n++[I]NCIPIT TABULA LIBRI BOICII DE CONSOLAC{I}O{N}E PHILOSOPHIE.\n\n [_Additional MS. 10,340, fol. 3._]\n\n\n [Sidenote: [fol. 3.]]\n\nLIBER PRIMUS.\n\n 1 Carmina qui quondam studio flore{n}te p{er}egi.\n 2 Hic dum mecum tacitus.\n 3 Heu q{ua}m precipiti.\n 4 Set medicine inquit tempus.\n 5 Tunc me discussa.\n 6 Haut[C-1] aliter tristicie.\n 7 Quisquis composito.\n 8 Sentis ne inquit.\n 9 O stelliferi conditor orbis.\n 10 Hic ubi continuato dolore.\n 11 Cum phebi radijs.\n 12 Primu{m} igit{ur} pateris rogac{i}o{n}ib{us}.\n 13 Nubib{us} atris condita.\n\nEXPLICIT LIBER PRIMUS.\n\n\nLIBER SECUNDUS.\n\n 1 Postea paulisper[C-2] conticuit.\n 2 Hec cum superba.\n 3 Uellem autem pauca.\n 4 Si quantas rapidis.\n 5 His igitur si {et} pro se.\n 6 Cum primo polo.\n 7 Tunc ego uera inq{ua}m.\n 8 Contraq{ue}.\n 9 Quisq{ui}s ualet p{er}hennem cantus.\n 10 Set cum racionu{m} iam in te.\n 11 Felix i{n} miru{m} iam prior etas.\n 12 Quid au{tem} de dignitatib{us}.\n 13 Nouim{us} quantos dederat.\n 14 Tu{m} ego scis inq{ua}m.\n 15 Quicu{n}q{ue} solam mente.\n 16 Set ne me inexorabile.\n 17 Q{uo}d mu{n}dus stabile fide.\n\nEXPLICIT LIBER S{E}C{UN}DUS.\n\n\nLIBER TERCIUS.\n\n 1 Iam tantu{m} illa.\n 2 Qui serere ingeniu{m}.\n 3 Tunc defixo paululu{m}.\n 4 Quantas reru{m} flectat.\n 5 Uos quoq{ue} terrena a{n}i{m}alia.\n 6 Qua{m}uis fluenter diues.\n 7 Set dignitatib{us}.\n 8 Qua{m}uis se tirio.\n 9 An uero regna.\n 10 Qui se ualet esse potentem.\n 11 Gloria uero q{uam} fallax.\n 12 Omne hominu{m} genus in terris.\n 13 Quid au{tem} de corporib{us}.\n 14 Habet hoc uoluptas.\n 15 Nichil igit{ur} dubiu{m} est.\n 16 Heu q{ue} miseros tramite.\n 17 Hacten{us} me{n}dacio forma{m}.\n 18 O qui p{er}petua.\n 19 Q{uonia}m igit{ur} qui scit.\n 20 Nunc omnes pariter.\n 21 Assencior inq{ua}m cuncta.\n 22 Quisq{ue} profunda.\n 23 Tunc ego platoni inq{ua}m.\n 24 Felix qui poterit.\n\nEXPLICIT LIBER T{ER}CIUS.\n\n\nLIBER QUARTUS.\n\n 1 Hec cum philosophia.\n 2 Sunt eteni{m} penne.\n 3 Tunc ego pape inq{uam}.\n 4 Quos uides sedere celsos.\n 5 Uides ne igitur quanto.\n 6 U[e]la naricij ducis.\n 7 Tunc ego fateor inq{ua}m.\n 8 Quid tantos iuuat.\n 9 Huic ego uideo inq{ua}m.\n 10 Si quis arcturi[C-3] sydera.\n 11 Ita est inq{ua}m.\n 12 Si uis celsi iura.\n 13 Iam ne igit{ur} uides.\n 14 Bella bis quinis.\n\nEXPLICIT LIBER QUARTUS.\n\n\nINCIPIT LIBER QUINTUS.\n\n 1 Dixerat orac{i}onis q{ue} cursu{m}.\n 2 Rupis achemenie.\n 3 Animaduerto inq{ua}m.\n 4 Puro claru{m} lumine.\n 5 Tamen ego en inq{ua}m.\n 6 Que nam discors.\n 7 Tamen illa uetus.\n 8 Quonda{m} porticus attulit.\n 9 Quod si i{n} corporib{us}.\n 10 Qua{m} uarijs figuris.\n 11 Quonia{m} igit{ur} uti paulo ante.\n\nEXPLICIT LIBER QUI{N}TUS {ET} ULTIMUS.\n\n [Footnote C-1: MS. hanc.]\n\n [Footnote C-2: MS. luper.]\n\n [Footnote C-3: MS. arituri.]\n\n\n\n\n [[pg 4]]\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS DEPLORES HIS MISFORTUNES.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 3 _b_.]]\n\n*LIBER PRIMUS.\n\n\nINCIPIT LIBER BOICII DE CO{N}SOLAC{I}O{N}E PHILOSOPHIE.\n\nCar{m}i{n}a qui q{u}onda{m} studio flore{n}te p{er}egi.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius deplores his misfortunes in the following\n pathetic elegy.]\n\n ++Allas I wepyng am constreined to bygynne vers of\n sorouful matere. \u00b6 \u00deat whilom in florysching\n studie made delitable ditees. For loo rendyng muses\n of poetes enditen to me \u00feinges to be writen. and drery 4\n v{er}s of wrecchednes weten my face wi\u00fe v{er}ray teers.\n \u00b6 At \u00fee leest no drede ne my\u021dt[e] ouer-come \u00feo muses.\n \u00feat \u00feei ne were{n} felawes {and} folweden my wey. \u00feat is\n to seyne when I was exiled.\n\n [Sidenote: ypalage antithesis]\n\n \u00feei \u00feat weren glorie of 8\n my you\u021dth whilom weleful {and} grene co{n}forten now \u00fee\n sorouful werdes of me olde man.\n\n [Sidenote: Laments his immature old age.]\n\n for elde is comen vnwarly\n vpon me hasted by \u00fee harmes \u00feat I haue. {and}\n sorou ha\u00fe comau{n}ded his age to be in me. \u00b6 Heeres 12\n hore ben schad ouertymelyche vpon myne heued. and\n \u00fee slak[e] skyn tremble\u00fe vpon myn emty body.\n\n [Sidenote: Death turns a deaf ear to the wretched.]\n\n \u00feilk[e]\n dee\u00fe of men is welful \u00feat ne come\u00fe not in \u021deres \u00feat\n ben swete (.i. mirie.) but come\u00fe to wrecches often 16\n yclepid.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1 _of_--MS. of of.\n 2 _florysching_--floryssynge\n 3 _rendyng_--rendynge\n 4 _be_--ben\n 5 _wrecchednes_--wrecchednesse\n _teers_--teeres\n 6 _leest_--leeste\n _my\u021dt[e] ouer-come_--myhte ouercomen\n 8 _seyne when_--seyn whan\n 9 _you\u021dth_--MS. \u00feo\u021dt, C. yowthe\n 10 _sorouful werdes_--sorful wierdes [i. fata]\n 12 _sorou_--sorwe\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _be_--ben\n 13 _hore_--hoore\n _ben_--arn\n _myne_--myn\n 14 _slak[e]_--slake\n _vpon_--of\n _emty_--emptyd\n _\u00feilk[e]_--thilke\n 15 _welful_--weleful\n _come\u00fe not_--comth nat\n 16 _.i. mirie_--omitted]\n\n \u00b6 Allas allas wi\u00fe how deef an eere dee\u00fe cruel\n to{ur}ne\u00fe awey fro wrecches {and} naie\u00fe to closen wepyng\n eyen.\n\n [Sidenote: When Fortune was favourable Death came near Boethius,\n but in his adversity life is unpleasantly protracted.]\n\n \u00b6 While fortune vnfei\u00feful fauored[e] me 20\n wi\u00fe ly\u021dte goodes (.s. temp{or}els.) \u00fee sorouful houre \u00feat\n is to seyne \u00fee dee\u00fe had[de] almost dreynt myne heued.\n \u00b6 But now for fortune clowdy ha\u00fe chaunged hir disceyuable\n chere to me warde. myn vnpitouse lijf drawe\u00fe 24\n a long vnagreable dwellynges in me.\n\n [Sidenote: Why did his friends call him happy? He stood not firm\n that hath thus fallen.]\n\n \u00b6 O \u021de my\n frendes what or wherto auaunted[e] \u021de me to be weleful: [[pg 5]]\n for he \u00feat ha\u00fe fallen stood not i{n} stedfast degree.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 19 _tourne\u00fe_--torneth\n _naie\u00fe_--nayteth\n _wepyng_--wepynge\n 20 _While_--Whil\n _fauored[e]_--fauorede\n 21 _ly\u021dte_--lyhte\n _.s. temporels_--omitted\n _sorouful houre_--sorwful howr{e}\n 22 _seyne_--seyn\n _had[de]_--hadde\n _myne_--myn\n 23 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _chaunged hir disceyuable_--chaungyd hyre deceyuable\n 24 _vnpitouse lijf_--vnpietous lyf]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n PHILOSOPHY APPEARS TO BOETHIUS.]\n\nHIC DUM MECUM TACITUS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The firste p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy appears to Boethius, like a beautiful woman,\n and of great age.]\n\n ++IN \u00fee mene while \u00feat I stille recorded[e] \u00feise \u00feinges 28\n wi\u00fe my self. {and} markede my wepli compleynte wi\u00fe\n office of poyntel. I saw stondyng aboue \u00fee hey\u021dt of my\n heued a woman of ful greet reuerence by semblaunt\n hir eyen brennyng {and} clere seing ouer \u00fee comune 32\n my\u021dt of men. wi\u00fe a lijfly colo{ur} {and} wi\u00fe swiche vigoure\n {and} strenke\u00fe \u00feat it ne my\u021dt[e] not be emptid. \u00b6 Al\n were it so \u00feat sche was ful of so greet age. \u00feat men ne\n wolde not trowe i{n} no manere \u00feat sche were of oure 36\n elde.\n\n [Sidenote: Her height could not be determined, for there were\n times when she raised her head higher than the heavens.]\n\n \u00fee stature of hir was of a doutous iugement. for\n su{m}tyme sche constreyned[e] {and} schronk hir selue{n}\n lyche to \u00fee comune mesure of men. {and} su{m}tyme it\n semed[e] \u00feat sche touched[e] \u00fee heuene wi\u00fe \u00fee hey\u021dte 40\n of hir heued. and when sche hef hir heued heyer sche\n p{er}ced[e] \u00fee selue heuene. so \u00feat \u00fee sy\u021dt of men lokyng\n was i{n} ydel.\n\n [Sidenote: Her clothes were finely wrought and indissoluble, but\n dark and dusky, like old besmoked images.]\n\n \u00b6 Hir clo\u00fees weren maked of ry\u021dt delye\n \u00feredes {and} subtil crafte of p{er}durable matere. \u00fee wyche 44\n clo\u00fees sche hadde wouen wi\u00fe hir owen hondes: as I\n knew wel aftir by hir selfe. declaryng {and} schewyng\n to me \u00fee beaute. \u00fee wiche clo\u00fees a derkenes of a forleten\n and dispised elde had[de] duskid {and} dirkid as 48\n it is wo{n}t to dirken by-smoked ymages.\n\n [Sidenote: On the lower hem of her garment was the letter \u03a0\n and on the upper \u0398.]\n\n \u00b6 In \u00fee ne\u00feerest[e]\n hem or bordure of \u00feese clo\u00fees me{n} redden [[pg 6]]\n ywouen in swiche a gregkysche .P. \u00feat signifie\u00fe \u00fee lijf\n actif. And abouen \u00fe{a}t l{ett}re in \u00fee hey\u021dest[e] bordure 52\n a grekysche T. \u00feat signifie\u00fe \u00fee lijf contemplatif.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 26 _auaunted[e]_--auauntede\n _be_--ben\n 27 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _not_--nat\n _stedfast_--stidefast\n 28 _In \u00fee mene_--omitted\n _recorded[e]_--recordede\n 30 _saw_--MS. sawe, C. sawh\n _stondyng above_--MS. studiyng aboue, C. stondinge abouen\n _hey\u021dt_--heyhte\n _my_--myn\n 31 _greet_--gret\n 32 _brennyng_--brennynge\n _clere seing_--cleer seynge\n 33 _swiche_--swych\n 34 _strenke\u00fe_--strengthe\n _it----emptid_--it myhte nat ben emted\n _Al_--alle\n 36 _wolde----trowe_--wolden nat trowen\n 37 _iugement_--Iuggement\n 38 _sumtyme_--somtyme\n _constreyned[e]_--constreynede\n _schronk_--MS. schronke, C. shronk\n 39 _lyche_--lyk\n 40 _semed[e]_--semede\n _touched[e]_--towchede\n 41 _when_--whan\n _hef_--MS. heued, C. hef\n _heyer_--hyere\n 42 _perced[e]_--percede\n _sy\u021dt_--syhte\n _lokyng_--lookynge\n 44 _crafte_--craft\n 45 _wouen_--MS. wonnen, C. wouen\n _owen hondes_--owne handes\n 46 _knew_--MS. knewe, C. knewh\n _selfe declaryng_--self declarynge\n _schewyng_--shewynge\n 47 _derkenes_--dirknesse\n _forleten_--forletyn\n 48 _dispised_--despised\n _had[de] duskid_--hadde dusked\n _dirkid_--derked\n 49 _by-smoked_--the smokede\n _ne\u00feerest[e]_--nethereste\n 50 _\u00feese_--thise\n 51 _swiche_--omitted\n _gregkysche_--grekyssh{e}\n _signifie\u00fe_--syngnifieth\n 52 _hey\u021dest[e]_--heyeste]\n\n [Headnote:\n A DESCRIPTION OF PHILOSOPHY.]\n\n [Sidenote: Between the letters were steps like a ladder.]\n\n \u00b6 And by-twene \u00feese two l{ett}res \u00feere weren seien degrees\n nobly wrou\u021dt in manere of laddres. By wyche\n degrees men my\u021dt[en] clymbe fro \u00fee ne\u00feemast[e] l{ett}re 56\n to \u00fee ouermast[e].\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy\u2019s garments were tattered and torn, and\n pieces had been carried violently off.]\n\n \u00b6 Na\u00feeles hondes of su{m} men\n hadde korue \u00fe{a}t clo\u00fee by vyolence {and} by strenke\u00fe.\n \u00b6 And eueryche man of hem hadde born away syche\n peces as he my\u021dte geet[e].\n\n [Sidenote: In her right hand she bore her books, and in her left a\n sceptre.]\n\n \u00b6 And forso\u00fee \u00feis forsaide 60\n woman ber bookes in hir ry\u021dt honde. {and} in hir lefte\n honde sche ber a ceptre. \u00b6 And when sche sau\u021d \u00feese\n poetical muses ap{ro}chen aboute my bedde. {and} endytyng\n wordes to my wepynges. sche was a lytel ameued 64\n and glowed[e] wi\u00fe cruel eyen.\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy bids the Muses leave Boethius, as they only\n increase his sorrow with their sweet venom.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 4.]]\n\n \u00b6 Who q{uo}d sche ha\u00fe\n suffred ap{ro}chen to \u00feis seek[e] man \u00feise comune strumpetis\n of siche a place \u00feat *men clepen \u00fee theatr{e}.\n \u00b6 \u00dee wyche only ne asswagen not his sorowes. wi\u00fe no 68\n remedies. but \u00feei wolde fede {and} norysche hem wi\u00fe\n swete venym. \u00b6 Forso\u00fee \u00feise ben \u00feo \u00feat wi\u00fe \u00feornes\n {and} prykkynges of talent\u021d or affecciou{n}s wiche \u00feat\n ben no \u00feing frutefiyng nor p{ro}fitable destroyen \u00fee 72\n cornes plenteuouse of frutes of reson.\n\n [Sidenote: They may accustom the mind to bear grief, but cannot\n free it from its malady.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feei\n holden \u00fee hertes of men i{n} usage. but \u00feei ne delyuere\n not folk fro maladye. but if \u021de muses hadde wi\u00fedrawen\n fro me wi\u00fe \u021doure flateries. any vnkonnyng\n {and} vnp{ro}fitable [[pg 7]]\n man as men ben wont to fynde comunely amonges 77\n \u00fee peple. I wolde wene suffre \u00fee lasse greuously.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 54 _by-twene \u00feese_--bytwixen thise\n _\u00feere_--ther\n _seien_--seyn\n 55 _nobly wrou\u021dt_--nobely ywroght\n _wyche_--whiche\n 56 _my\u021dt[en] clymbe_--myhten clymbyn\n _ne\u00feemast[e]_--nethereste\n 57 _ouermast[e]_--vppereste\n _sum_--some\n 58 _hadde korue_--hadden koruen\n _clo\u00fee_--cloth\n _strenke\u00fe_--strengthe\n 59 _born_--MS. borne, C. born\n _away syche_--awey swiche\n 60 _geet[e]_--geten\n _forsaide_--forseide\n 61 _ber_--MS. bere, C. bar\n _bookes_--smale bookes\n _honde_--hand\n _lefte honde_--left hand\n 62 _ber_--MS. bere, C. baar\n _sau\u021d \u00feese_--say thise\n 63 _bedde_--bed\n _endytyng_--enditynge\n 64 _ameued_--amoued\n 65 _glowed[e]_--glowede\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee, C. hath\n 66 _seek[e]_--sike\n _\u00feise_--the\n _strumpetis_--strompetes\n 67 _siche_--swich\n _clepen_--clepyn\n 68 _only ne_--nat oonly ne\n _not his_--nat hise\n _no_--none\n 69 _wolde fede_--wolden feeden\n _norysche hem_--noryssyn hym\n 72 _ben_--ne ben\n _frutefiyng_--fructefiynge\n 73 _cornes plenteuouse_--corn plentyuos\n 74 _\u00fee_ and _ne_--both omitted\n 75 _not_--nat\n _if \u021de_--MS. if \u00fee, C. yif ye\n _hadde_--hadden\n 76 _vnkonnyng_--vnkunnynge\n 78 _peple_--poeple]\n\n [Headnote:\n PHILOSOPHY REBUKES THE MUSES.]\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy is deeply grieved, because they have not\n seduced one of the profane, but one who has been brought up in\n Eleatic and Academic studies.]\n\n \u00b6 For-why in syche an vnp{ro}fitable man myne ententes\n weren no \u00feing endamaged. \u00b6 But \u021de wi\u00fedrawen me 80\n \u00feis man \u00feat ha\u00fe ben norysched in studies or scoles of\n Eleaticis {and} of achademicis in grece.\n\n [Sidenote: She bids the syrens begone.]\n\n \u00b6 But go\u00fe now\n ra\u00feer awey \u021de meremaydenes wyche ben swete til it\n be at \u00fee laste. {and} suffre\u00fe \u00feis man to be cured {and} 84\n heled by myne muses. \u00feat is to say by notful sciences.\n\n [Sidenote: Blushing for shame they pass the threshold.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feus \u00feis compaygnie of muses I-blamed casten\n wro\u00feely \u00fee chere adou{n}ward to \u00fee er\u00fee {and} schewyng\n by redenesse hir schame \u00feei passeden sorowfuly \u00fee 88\n \u00fereschefolde. \u00b6 And I of whom \u00fee sy\u021dt plonged i{n}\n teres was derked so \u00feat I ne my\u021dt[e] not knowe what\n \u00feat woman was of so i{m}perial auctorite.\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius is astonished at the presence of the august\n dame.]\n\n \u00b6 I wex al\n a-besid {and} astoned. {and} caste my sy\u021dt adoune in to \u00fee 92\n er\u00fee. {and} bygan stille forto abide what sche wolde don\n afterwarde. \u00b6 \u00deo come sche nere {and} sette hir doun\n vpon \u00fee vterrest[e] corner of my bedde.\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy expresses her concern for Boethius.]\n\n {and} sche byholdyng\n my chere \u00feat was cast to \u00fee er\u00fee heuy {and} 96\n greuous of wepyng. co{m}pleinede wi\u00fe \u00feise wordes \u00fe{a}t I\n schal sey \u00fee p{er}t{ur}bac{i}ou{n} of my \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 79 _syche_--swhiche\n _myne_--myn\n 80 _weren_--ne weeren\n _\u021de_--ye\n 81 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee, C. hath\n _ben_--be\n _scoles_--schooles\n 82 _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee, C. goth\n 83 _wyche_--whiche \u00feat\n 85 _say_--seyn\n _notful_--noteful\n 86 _I-blamed_--Iblamyd\n 87 _wro\u00feely_--wrothly\n _adounward_--downward\n 88 _redenesse_--rednesse\n _sorowfuly_--sorwfully\n 89 _\u00fereschefolde_--thresshfold\n _sy\u021dt_--syhte\n 90 _derked_--dyrked\n _my\u021dt[e]----knowe_--myhte nat knowen\n 91 _wex_--wax\n 92 _a-besid_--abaysshed\n _caste_--cast\n _adoune in to_--down to\n 93 _don_--MS. done\n 95 _vterrest[e] corner_--vttereste corner{e}\n _bedde_--bed\n 97 _compleinede_--compley[n]de\n 98 _sey_--seyen]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n PHILOSOPHY ADDRESSES BOETHIUS.]\n\nHEU Q{UAM} PRECIPITI MERSA PROFUNDO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 2de Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Drowned in the depth of cares the mind loses its proper\n clearness.]\n\n ++Allas how \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt of man dreint in ouer \u00ferowyng\n depnesse dulle\u00fe {and} forleti\u00fe hys p{ro}pre clerenesse. 100\n myntynge to gone in to foreyne derknesses as\n ofte as hys anoious bisines wexi\u00fe wi\u00fe-oute{n} mesure.\n \u00fe{a}t is dryuen to {and} fro wi\u00fe worldly wyndes. [[pg 8]]\n\n [Sidenote: Man in his freedom knew each region of the sky, the\n motions of the planets, and was wont to investigate the causes of\n storms, the nature and properties of the seasons, and the hidden\n causes of nature.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deis\n man \u00feat su{m}tyme was fre to who{m} \u00fee heuene was open 104\n {and} knowen {and} was wont to gone in heuenelyche\n pa\u00fees. {and} sau\u021d \u00fee ly\u021dtnesse of \u00fee rede sunne. {and} sau\u021d\n \u00fee sterres of \u00fee colde moone. {and} wyche sterre i{n}\n heuene vse\u00fe wandryng risorses yflit by dyuerse speres. 108\n \u00b6 \u00deis man ouer comere hadde co{m}p{re}hendid al \u00feis by\n noumbre. of accountyng in astronomye. \u00b6 And ouer\n \u00feis he was wont to seche \u00fee causes whennes \u00fee sounyng\n wy{n}des moeuen {and} bisien \u00fee smo\u00fee water of \u00fee 112\n see. {and} what spirit turne\u00fe \u00fee stable heuene. {and}\n whi \u00fee sterre ryse\u00fe oute of \u00fee reede eest. to falle\n in \u00fee westren wawes. and what attempri\u00fe \u00fee lusty\n houres of \u00fee fyrste somer sesou{n} \u00feat hi\u021dte\u00fe {and} apparaile\u00fe 116\n \u00fee er\u00fee wi\u00fe rosene floures. \u00b6 And who\n make\u00fe \u00feat plenteuouse autu{m}pne in fulle \u021deres fleti\u00fe\n wi\u00fe heuy grapes. \u00b6 And eke \u00feis ma{n} was wont to\n telle \u00fee dyuerses causes of nature \u00feat weren yhid. 120\n\n [Sidenote: But now, alas, he is constrained to keep his face to\n the ground.]\n\n \u00b6 Allas now lie\u00fe he emptid of ly\u021dt of hys \u00feou\u021dt. {and}\n hys nekke is p{re}ssid wi\u00fe heuy cheynes {and} bere\u00fe his\n chere enclined adoune for \u00fee greet[e] wey\u021dt. and is\n constreyned to loke on foule er\u00fee. 124\n\n [Linenotes:\n 101 _gone_--goon\n 102 _bisines_--bysynesse\n _outen_--owte\n 103 _worldly_--wordely\n 104 _sumtyme_--whilom\n 105 _gone_--goon\n 106 _pa\u00fees_--paathes\n _sau\u021d_--sawh\n _ly\u021dtnesse_--lythnesse\n _sunne_--sonne\n _sau\u021d_--MS. sue, C. sawgh\n 107 _wyche_--which\n 108 _risorses_--recourses\n 111 _seche_--seken\n _sounyng_--sownynge\n 114 _ryse\u00fe oute_--aryseth owt\n _falle_--fallen\n 115 _westren_--westrene\n 116 _fyrste_--fyrst\n 119 _eke_--ek\n 120 _dyuerses_--diuerse\n _yhid_--MS. yhidde\n 121 _lie\u00fe_--lith\n _emptid_--emted\n 123 _adoune_--adown\n _greet[e] wey\u021dt_--grete weyhte\n 124 _loke----foule_--looken on the fool]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n PHILOSOPHY ENLIGHTENS BOETHIUS.]\n\nSET MEDICINE INQUIT TEMPUS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ij^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: More need of medicine than of complaint.]\n\n ++Bvt tyme is now q{uo}d sche of medicine more \u00feen of\n compleynte. \u00b6 Forso\u00fee \u00feen sche entendyng to\n me warde wi\u00fe al \u00fee lokyng of hir eyen saide.\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy addresses Boethius.]\n\n \u00b6 Art\n not \u00feou he q{uo}d sche \u00feat su{m}tyme I-norschid wi\u00fe my 128\n mylke {and} fostre[d] wi\u00fe my meetes were ascaped {and}\n comen to corage of a p{er}fit man. \u00b6 Certys I \u021daf \u00fee\n syche armures \u00feat \u021dif \u00feou \u00fei self ne haddest first caste [[pg 9]]\n hem away. \u00feei schulden haue defendid \u00fee in sykernesse 132\n \u00feat may not be ouer-comen. \u00b6 Knowest \u00feou me not.\n\n [Sidenote: She fears his silence proceeds from shame rather than\n from stupidity.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 4 _b_.]]\n\n *Why art \u00feou stille. is it for schame or for astonynge.\n It were me leuer \u00feat it were for schame. but it seme\u00fe\n me \u00feat astony{n}ge ha\u00fe opp{re}ssed \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: She finds him, however, in a lethargy, the distemper of\n a disordered mind.]\n\n \u00b6 And whan 136\n sche say me not oonly stille. but wi\u00fe-outen office of\n tonge {and} al doumbe. sche leide hir honde softely vpon\n my brest {and} seide. \u00b6 Here nis no p{er}il q{uod} sche.\n \u00b6 He is fallen in to a litargie. whiche \u00feat is a comune 140\n sekenes to hertes \u00feat ben desceiued. \u00b6 He ha\u00fe a litel\n for\u021deten hym self. but certis he schal ly\u021dtly reme{m}bren\n hym self. \u00b6 \u021cif so be \u00feat he ha\u00fe knowe{n} me or now.\n\n [Sidenote: To make his recovery an easy matter, she wipes his\n eyes, which were darkened by the clouds of mortal things, and\n dries up his tears.]\n\n {and} \u00feat he may so done I wil wipe a litel hys eyen. 144\n \u00feat ben derked by \u00fee cloude of mortel \u00feinges \u00b6 \u00deise\n wordes seide sche. and wi\u00fe \u00fee lappe of hir garment\n yplitid in a frounce sche dried[e] myn eyen \u00feat were\n ful of \u00fee wawes of my wepynges. 148\n\n [Linenotes:\n 125, 126 _\u00feen_--than\n 127 _al_--alle\n _saide_--seyde\n 128 _sumtyme_--whilom\n _I-norschid_--MS. I-norschide, C. noryssed\n 129 _fostre[d]_--fostered\n _my_--myne\n 130 _Certys_--Certes\n _\u021daf_, yaf\n 131 _syche_--swiche\n _\u021dif_--yif\n _caste_--C. cast\n 132 _away_--awey\n _schulden haue_--sholden han\n 133 _not be_--nat ben\n _Knowest \u00feou_--knowestow\n 134 _art \u00feou_--artow\n 136 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 138 _tonge_--tunge\n _doumbe_--dowmb\n _honde_--hand\n 139 _Here_--her\n 140 _litargie whiche_--litarge which\n 141 _sekenes_--sykenesse\n 141, 143 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 144 _done_--doon\n _wil wipe_--wol wypen\n 146 _garment_--garnement\n 147 _dried[e]_--dryede\n _were_--weeren\n 148 _ful_--fulle]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS RECOGNIZES HIS PHYSICIAN.]\n\nTUNC ME DISCUSSA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Her touch dispels the darkness of his soul, just as the\n heavy vapours, that darken the skies and obscure the sunlight, are\n chased away by the north wind, causing the return of the hidden\n day, when the sun smites our wondering sight with his sudden\n light.]\n\n ++\u00deus when \u00feat ny\u021dt was discussed {and} chased awey.\n derknesses forleften me. {and} to myn eyen repeyre\n a\u021deyne her firste strenke\u00fe. and ry\u021dt by ensample as\n \u00fee sonne is hid when \u00fee sterres ben clustred. \u00feat is to 152\n sey whe{n} sterres ben couered wi\u00fe cloudes by a swifte\n wynde \u00feat hy\u021dt chorus. {and} \u00feat \u00fee firmame{n}t stont\n derked by wete ploungy cloudes. and \u00feat \u00fee sterres not\n apperen vpo{n} heuene. \u00b6 So \u00feat \u00fee ny\u021dt seme\u00fe sprad 156\n vpo{n} er\u00fee. \u00b6 Yif \u00fean \u00fee wynde \u00feat hy\u021dt borias\n sent out of \u00fee kaues of \u00fee contre of Trace beti\u00fe \u00feis [[pg 10]]\n ny\u021dt. \u00feat is to seyn chasi\u00fe it away {and} descouere\u00fe \u00fee\n closed day. \u00b6 \u00dean schine\u00fe pheb{us} yshaken wi\u00fe 160\n sodeyne ly\u021dt {and} smyte\u00fe wi\u00fe hys bemes i{n} m{er}uely{n}g\n eyen.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 149 _when_--whan\n 150 _myn_--myne\n _repeyre_--repeyrede\n 151 _a\u021deyne_--omitted\n _her firste_--hir fyrst\n 152 _hid_--MS. hidde, C. hid\n _when_--whan\n 153 _sey_--seyn\n _when_--whan\n 154 _hy\u021dt_--heyhte\n _chorus_--MS. thorus\n _stont_--MS. stonde, C. stant\n 157 _\u00fean_--thanne\n _wynde_--wynd\n _hy\u021dt_--hyhte\n 158 _sent_--isent\n 160 _\u00fean_--thanne\n 161 _sodeyne_--sodeyn]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE TRIALS OF PHILOSOPHY AND PHILOSOPHERS.]\n\nHAUT[1] ALITER TRISTICIE.\n\n [Footnote 1: MS. hanc.]\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: The clouds of sorrow being dispelled, Boethius\n recollects the features of his Physician, whom he discovers to be\n Philosophy.]\n\n ++Ry\u021dt so {and} none o\u00feer wyse \u00fee cloudes of sorowe\n dissolued {and} don awey. \u00b6 I took heuene. {and} 164\n receyuede mynde to knowe \u00fee face of my fyciscien.\n \u00b6 So \u00feat I sette myne eyen on hir {and} festned[e] my\n lokyng. I byholde my norice philosophie. in whos\n houses I hadde conuersed {and} haunted fro my \u021dou\u00fee. 168\n {and} I seide \u00feus.\n\n [Sidenote: He addresses her.]\n\n \u00b6 O \u00feou maistresse of alle uertues\n descendid fro \u00fee souereyne sete. Whi art \u00feou comen\n in to \u00feis solitarie place of myn exil. \u00b6 Art \u00feou comen\n for \u00fe{o}u art mad coupable wi\u00fe me of fals[e] blames. 172\n\n [Sidenote: She expresses her concern for him, and tells him that\n she is willing to share his misfortunes.]\n\n \u00b6 O q{uod} sche my norry scholde I forsake \u00fee now. and\n scholde I not parte wi\u00fe \u00fee by comune trauaille \u00fee charge\n \u00feat \u00feou hast suffred for envie of my name. \u00b6 Certis\n it nar[e] not leueful ne sittyng to philosophie to leten 176\n wi\u00fe-outen compaignie \u00fee wey of hym \u00feat is i{n}nocent.\n\n [Sidenote: She fears not any accusation, as if it were a new\n thing.]\n\n \u00b6 Scholde I \u00fean redoute my blame {and} agrisen as \u00feou\u021d\n \u00feer were byfallen a newe \u00feing. q.\u00a0d. non. \u00b6 For\n trowest \u00feou \u00feat philosophi be now al\u00feerfirst assailed 180\n i{n} p{er}ils by folk of wicked[e] maneres.\n\n [Sidenote: For before the age of Plato she contended against\n folly, and by her help Socrates triumphed over an unjust death.]\n\n \u00b6 Haue I not\n stryuen wi\u00fe ful greet strife in olde tyme byfore \u00fee\n age of my plato a\u021deins \u00fee foolhardines of foly {and}\n eke \u00fee same plato lyuyng. hys maistre socrates 184\n deserued[e] victorie of vnry\u021dtful dee\u00fe in my presence.\n\n [Sidenote: Of the inheritance of Socrates the rout of Epicureans\n and Stoics wanted to get a part.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00dee heritage of wyche socrates. \u00fee h{er}itage is to seyne\n \u00fee doctrine of \u00fee whiche soc{ra}tes in hys oppiniou{n} of [[pg 11]]\n felicite \u00feat I clepe welfulnesse \u00b6 Whan \u00feat \u00fee people 188\n of epicuriens {and} stoyciens {and} many o\u00feer enforceden\n hem to go rauische eueryche man for his part \u00feat is\n to seyne. \u00feat to eueryche of hem wolde drawen to \u00fee\n defence of his oppiniou{n} \u00fee wordes of socrates. 192\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy withstood them, whereupon they tore her\n robe, and, departing with the shreds, imagined that they had got\n possession of her.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deei\n as in p{ar}tie of hir preye todrowe{n} me criynge {and}\n debatyng \u00feer a\u021deins. {and} tornen {and} torente{n} my clo\u00fees\n \u00feat I hadde woue{n} wi\u00fe myn handes. {and} wi\u00fe \u00fee\n cloutes \u00feat \u00feei hadden arased oute of my clo\u00fees. \u00feei 196\n wenten awey wenyng \u00feat I hadde gon wi\u00fe he{m} euery\n dele.\n\n [Sidenote: Thus, clothed with her spoils, they deceived many.]\n\n In whiche epicuryens {and} stoyciens. for as\n myche as \u00feer semed[e] so{m}me traces {and} steppes of\n myne habit.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 5.]]\n\n \u00fee folye of men wenyng \u00feo epicuryens 200\n {and} stoyciens my *familers p{er}uertede (.s. p{er}sequend{o})\n so{m}me \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee errour of \u00fee wikked[e] or vnkunnyng[e]\n multitude of hem.\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy adduces examples of wise men, who had\n laboured under difficulties on account of being her disciples.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deis is to seyne for \u00feei\n semeden philosophres: \u00feei weren p{ur}sued to \u00fee dee\u00fe 204\n and slayn. \u00b6 So yif \u00feou hast not knowen \u00fee exilynge\n of anaxogore. ne \u00fee empoysenyng of socrates. ne \u00fee\n to{ur}ment\u021d of \u021deno for \u00feei [weren] straungers. \u00b6 \u021cit\n my\u021dtest \u00feou haue knowe{n} \u00fee senectiens {and} \u00fee Canyos 208\n {and} \u00fee sorancis of wyche folk \u00fee renou{n} is ney\u00feer ouer\n oolde ne vnsolempne. \u00b6 \u00dee whiche men no \u00feing ellys\n ne brou\u021dt[e] hem to \u00fee dee\u00fe but oonly for \u00feei weren\n enfourmed of my maneres. {and} semede{n} moste vnlyke 212\n to \u00fee studies of wicked folk. \u00b6 And for\u00fei \u00feou au\u021dtest\n not to wondre \u00feou\u021d \u00fe{a}t I in \u00fee bitter see of \u00feis lijf be\n fordryuen wi\u00fe tempestes blowyng aboute. [[pg 12]]\n\n [Sidenote: It is the aim of Philosophy to displease the wicked,\n who are more to be despised than dreaded, for they have no\n leader.]\n\n in \u00fee whiche\n te{m}peste \u00feis is my most p{ur}pos \u00feat is to seyn to displese 216\n to wikked[e] men. \u00b6 Of whiche schrews al be\n \u00fee oost neuer so grete it is to dispyse. for it nis gouerned\n wi\u00fe no leder of resoune. but it is rauysched only by\n flityng errour folyly {and} ly\u021dtly.\n\n [Sidenote: If Philosophy is attacked by the wicked, she retires\n within her fortress, leaving the enemy busy among the useless\n baggage, and laughing to scorn such hunters of trifles.]\n\n \u00b6 And if \u00feei somtyme 220\n maky{n}g an ost a\u021deynest vs assaile vs as strengere. oure\n leder drawe\u00fe to gedir hys rycchesse i{n} to hys toure.\n {and} \u00feei ben ententif aboute sarpulers or sachels vnp{ro}fitable\n forto taken. but we \u00feat ben hey\u021d abouen syker 224\n fro al tumulte {and} wode noise. ben stored {and} enclosed\n in syche a palays. whider as \u00feat chateryng or anoying\n folye ne may not attayne. \u00b6 We scorne swiche\n rauiners {and} honters of foulest[e] \u00feinges. 228\n\n [Linenotes:\n 163 _none o\u00feer_--non oother\n _sorowe_--sorwe\n 165 _knowe_--knowen\n 166 _myne_--myn\n _festned[e]_--fastnede\n 170 _fro_--from\n 170, 171 _art \u00feou_--artow\n 172 _mad_--MS. made, C. maked\n _fals[e]_--false\n 174 _parte_--parten\n 176 _nar[e]_--nere\n _sittyng_--sittinge\n 178 _\u00fean_--thanne\n 179 _\u00feing_--thing\n _q.d. non_--omitted\n 180 _trowest \u00feou_--trowestow\n _al\u00feerfirst_--alderfirst\n 181 _wicked[e]_--wikkede\n 182 _strife_--strif\n 183 _a\u021deins_--ayenis\n _foolhardines_--foolhardinesse\n _foly_--folie\n 184 _eke_--ek\n 185 _deserued[e]_--desseruede\n 186 _wyche_--the which\n _seyne_--seyn\n 188 _welfulnesse_--welefulnesse\n 189 _o\u00feer_--oothre\n 190 _go_--gon\n _eueryche_--euerich\n 191 _seyne_--seyn\n _to_--omitted\n _eueryche_--euerich\n 194 _tornen_--_read_ coruen, C. koruen\n 195 _wouen_--MS. wonne{n}, C. wouen\n 196 _arased_--arraced\n 197 _gon_--MS. gone, C. gon\n 198 _dele_--del\n 199 _myche_--moche\n _semed[e]_--semede\n {and}--or\n 200 _myne_--myn\n _wenyng_--MS. wevyng, C. weninge\n 202 _\u00feoru\u021d_--thorw\n _wikked[e]_--wikkede\n _vnkunnyng[e]_--vnkunnynge\n 203 _seyne_--seyn \u00fe{a}t\n 204 _semeden_--semede\n _pursued_--MS. pursuede, C. pursued\n 205 _slayn_--MS. slayne, C. slayn\n 207 [_weren_]--weeren\n 208 _my\u021dtest \u00feou haue_--myhtestow han\n 209 _sorancis_--sorans\n _wyche_--which\n _is_--nis\n 210 _oolde_--MS. colde, C. old\n 211 _brou\u021dt[e]_--browhte\n 212 _enfourmed_--MS. vnfourmed, C. enformyd\n _my_--myne\n _vnlyke_--vnlyk\n 213 _wicked folk_--wikkede foolk{e}\n _au\u021dtest_--owhtest\n 214 _wondre_--wondren\n _bitter_--bittre\n 216 _displese_--displesen\n 217 _wikked[e]_--wikkede\n _schrews_--shrewes\n 218 _oost_--glossed _acies_ in C.\n _grete_--gret\n 219, 222 _leder_--leder{e}\n 220 _flityng_--fleetynge\n _ly\u021dtly_--lythly\n _if_--yif\n 221 _a\u021deynest_--ayenis\n 222 _to----rycchesse_, to gydere hise rychesses\n _toure_--towr\n 224 _hey\u021d_--heye\n 225 _al_--alle\n _ben_--omitted\n _stored_--warnestored\n 226 _syche_--swich\n _\u00feat_--omitted\n 227 _scorne_--schorne\n 228 _rauiners----\u00feinges_--rauyneres & henteres of fowleste thinges]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE AIM OF PHILOSOPHY.]\n\nQUISQ{UI}S COMPOSITO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: He who hath triumphed over fate, and remained\n insensible to the changes of Fortune, shall not be moved by\n storms, nor by the fires of Vesuvius, nor by the fiercest\n thunderbolts.]\n\n ++Who so it be \u00feat is clere of vertue sad {and} wel ordinat\n of lyuyng. \u00feat ha\u00fe put vnderfote \u00fee prowed[e]\n wierdes {and} loki\u00fe vpry\u021dt vpon ey\u00feer fortune. he may\n holde hys chiere vndiscomfited. \u00b6 \u00dee rage ne \u00fee manace 232\n of \u00fee co{m}moeuyng or chasyng vpwarde hete fro \u00fee\n botme. ne schal not moeue \u00feat man. ne \u00fee vnstable\n mountaigne \u00feat hy\u021dt veseuus. \u00feat wirche\u00fe oute \u00feoru\u021d\n hys broken[e] chemineys smokyng fires. \u00b6 Ne \u00fee wey 236\n of \u00feonder ly\u021dt \u00feat is wont to smyte hey\u021de toures ne\n schal not mouene \u00feat man.\n\n [Sidenote: Fear not the tyrant\u2019s rage.]\n\n \u00b6 Wherto \u00feen wrecches\n drede \u021de tyrauntes \u00feat ben wode {and} felownes wi\u00fe-outen\n ony strenke\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: He who neither fears nor hopes for anything disarms the\n tyrant.]\n\n \u00b6 Hope after no \u00feing ne drede nat. {and} 240\n so schalt \u00feou desarmen \u00fee ire of \u00feilke vnmy\u021dty tyraunt. [[pg 13]]\n\n [Sidenote: He whose heart fails him, yields his arms, and forges\n his own fetters.]\n\n \u00b6 But who so \u00feat quakyng drede\u00fe or desire\u00fe \u00feing \u00feat\n nis not stable of his ry\u021dt. \u00feat man \u00feat so do\u00fe ha\u00fe cast\n awey hys schelde {and} is remoeued fro hys place. {and} 244\n enlace\u00fe hym i{n} \u00fee cheyne wi\u00fe whiche he may be\n drawen.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 229 _clere_--cleer\n 230 _lyuyng_--leuynge\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _vnderfote_--vndir-foot\n _prowed[e]_--prowde\n 231 _may----chiere_--may his cheere holde\n 232 _manace_--manesses\n 233 _\u00fee_--\u00fee see\n 235 _hy\u021dt_--hihte\n _veseuus_--MS. vesenus\n _wirche\u00fe_--writith\n 236 _broken[e]_--brokene\n _smokyng_--smokynge\n 237 _smyte_--smyten\n 238 _Wherto \u00feen_--wharto thanne\n 239 _felownes----ony_--felonos withowte any\n 241 _schalt \u00feou desarmen_--shaltow deseruien\n 243 _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee, C. doth\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee, C. hath\n _cast_--MS. caste, C. cast\n 244 _schelde_--sheld\n _remoeued fro_--remwed from\n 245 _whiche_--the which\n _be_--ben]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS SPEAKS OF HIS TROUBLES.]\n\nSENTIS NE INQUIT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The verthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy seeks to know the malady of Boethius.]\n\n ++FElest \u00feou q{uod} sche \u00feise \u00feinges {and} entren \u00feei ou\u021dt\n in \u00fei corage. \u00b6 Art \u00feou like an asse to \u00fee harpe. 248\n Whi wepest \u00feou whi spillest \u00feou teres. \u00b6 Yif \u00feou\n abidest after helpe of \u00fei leche. \u00fee byhoue\u00fe discouere \u00fei\n wounde.\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius complains of Fortune\u2019s unrelenting rage.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deo .I. \u00feat hadde gadered strenke\u00fe in my\n corage answered[e] {and} seide. {and} nede\u00fe it \u021ditte q{uod} 252\n .I. of rehersyng or of amonic{i}ou{n}. {and} schewe\u00fe it not\n ynou\u021d by hym self \u00fee scharpnes of fortune \u00feat wexe\u00fe\n woode a\u021deynes me.\n\n [Sidenote: Is not she moved, he asks, with the aspect of his\n prison?]\n\n \u00b6 Ne moeue\u00fe it nat \u00fee to seen \u00fee\n face or \u00fee man{er}e of \u00feis place (.i. p{r}isou{n}.).\n\n [Sidenote: His library, his habit, and his countenance are all\n changed.]\n\n \u00b6 Is \u00feis 256\n \u00fee librarie wyche \u00feat \u00feou haddest chosen for a ry\u021dt\n certeyne sege to \u00fee i{n} myne house. \u00b6 \u00deere as \u00feou\n desputest of[te] wi\u00fe me of \u00fee sciences of \u00feinges touching\n diuinitee {and} touchyng mankynde. \u00b6 Was \u00fean 260\n myn habit swiche as it is now. was \u00fean my face or\n [Interlinear: quasi d{ice}ret non.]\n my chere swiche as now.\n\n \u00b6\u00a0Whan I sou\u021dt[e] wi\u00fe \u00fee\n secretys of nature. whan \u00feou enfo{ur}medest my maners\n {and} \u00fee resou{n} of al my lijf. to \u00fee ensaumple of \u00fee ordre 264\n of heuene.\n\n [Sidenote: Is this, he asks, the reward of his fidelity?]\n\n [Interlinear: ironice]\n \u00b6 Is nat \u00feis \u00fee gerdou{n} \u00feat I refere to \u00fee\n to whom I haue be obeisaunt. \u00b6 Certis \u00feou enfo{ur}medist\n by \u00fee mou\u00fee of plato \u00feis sentence.\n\n [Sidenote: Plato (de Rep. v.) says that those Commonwealths are\n most happy that are governed by philosophers, or by those who\n study to be so.]\n\n \u00feat is to\n seyne \u00feat co{m}mune \u00feinges or comunabletes weren 268\n blysful yif \u00feei \u00feat haden studied al fully to wisdom [[pg 14]]\n gouerneden \u00feilke \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 5 _b_.]]\n\n or ellys yif it so by-felle \u00feat\n \u00fee gouernours *of co{m}munalites studieden in grete wisdomes.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 247 _Felest \u00feou_--Felistow\n _ou\u021dt_--awht\n 248 _art \u00feou_--artow\n 249 _wepest \u00feou_--wepistow\n _spillest \u00feou_--spillestow\n 252 _answered[e]_--answerede\n 255 _woode_--wood\n 257 _wyche_--which\n 258 _myne house \u00feere_--myn hows ther\n 259 _desputest of[te]_--desputedest ofte\n 260 _\u00fean_--thanne\n 261 _it_ and _\u00fean_--both omitted\n 261, 262 _swiche_--swich\n 262 _sou\u021dt[e]_--sowhte\n 263 _secretys_--secret\u021d\n _my_--MS. me, C. my\n 264 _al_--alle\n 265 _gerdoun_--gerdouns\n 266 _enfourmedist_--conformedest\n 267 _mou\u00fee_--mowht\n 268 _comunabletes_--comunalitees\n 270 _by-felle_--byfille\n 271 _in grete wisdomes_--to geten wysdom]\n\n [Headnote:\n PHILOSOPHERS TO BE POLITICIANS.]\n\n [Sidenote: The same Plato urged philosophers to take upon them the\n management of public affairs, lest it should fall into the hands\n of unprincipled citizens.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deou saidest eke by \u00fee mou\u00fee of \u00fee same 272\n plato \u00feat it was a necessarie cause wyse men to taken\n {and} desire \u00fee gou{er}nau{n}ce of comune \u00fei{n}ges. for \u00feat \u00fee\n gou{er}nementes of comune citees y-left in \u00fee hondes of\n felonous to{ur}mento{ur}s Citi\u021denis ne scholde not brynge 276\n inne pestile{n}ce {and} destrucc{i}ou{n} to goode folk.\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius declares that he desired to put in practice\n (in the management of public affairs) what he had learnt in his\n retirement.]\n\n \u00b6 And\n \u00feerfore I folowynge \u00feilk auctoritee (.s. platonis). desiryng\n to put[te] fur\u00fee in execusiou{n} {and} in acte of comune\n admi{ni}st{ra}c{i}ou{n} \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat .I. hadde lerned of \u00fee 280\n among my secre restyng whiles. \u00b6 \u00deou {and} god \u00fe{a}t\n put[te] \u00feee in \u00fee \u00feou\u021dtis of wise folk ben knowen wi\u00fe\n me \u00feat no \u00feing brou\u021dt[e] me to maistrie or dignite: but\n \u00fee comune studie of al goodenes.\n\n [Sidenote: He sought to do good to all, but became involved in\n discord with the wicked.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feer-of come\u00fe 284\n it \u00feat by-twixen wikked folk {and} me han ben greuouse\n discordes. \u00feat ne my\u021dten not be relesed by p{ra}yeres.\n\n [Sidenote: Consciousness of integrity made him despise the anger\n of the most powerful.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feis libertee ha\u00fe fredom of conscience \u00feat \u00fee wra\u00fe\u00fee\n of more my\u021dty folk ha\u00fe alwey ben despised of me for 288\n saluac{i}ou{n} of ry\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: He opposed Conigastus, and put a stop to the doings of\n Triguilla.]\n\n \u00b6 How ofte haue .I. resisted {and}\n wi\u00festonde \u00feilk man \u00feat hy\u021dt[e] conigaste \u00feat made\n alwey assautes a\u021deins \u00fee p{ro}pre fortunes of poure feble\n folke. \u00b6 How ofte haue .I. \u021ditte put of. or cast out 292\n hy{m} trigwille p{ro}uost of \u00fee kynges hous bo\u00fee of \u00fee\n wronges \u00feat he hadde bygon[ne] to done {and} eke fully\n p{er}formed. \u00b6 How ofte haue I couered {and} defended\n by \u00fee auctorite of me put a\u021deins p{er}ils.\n\n [Sidenote: He put his authority in peril for the defence of poor\n folk.]\n\n \u00feat is to seine put 296\n myne auctorite in peril for \u00fee wreched pore folke. \u00feat\n \u00fee couetise of straungeres vnpunysched to{ur}mentid alwey [[pg 15]]\n wi\u00fe myseses {and} greuaunces oute of noumbre.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 272 _eke_--ek\n 275 _comune_--omitted\n _y-left_--MS. ylefte, C. yleft\n 276 _Citi\u021denis_--citesenes\n _brynge inne_--bryngen in\n 278 _\u00feerfore_--therfor\n _\u00feilk_--thilke\n _desiryng_--desired\n 279 _put[te] fur\u00fee_--putten forth\n 280 _\u00feo_--thilke\n 282 _put[te]_--putte\n 283 _brou\u021dt[e]_--ne browhte\n 284 _\u00fee_--omitted\n _al goodenes_--alle goodnesse\n _come\u00fe_--comth\n 287, 288 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 289 _saluacioun_--sauacioun\n 290 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n _hy\u021dt[e]_--hyhte\n 290 _conigaste_--MS. coniugaste\n 292 _ofte_--ofte ek\n _\u021ditte_--omitted\n 294 _bygon[ne]_--bygunne\n _done_--don\n 295 _couered_--MS. couerede, C. couered\n 296 _put_--MS. putte, C. put\n _seine_--seyn\n 297 _myne_--myn\n 298 _vnpunysched_--vnpunyssed\n 299 _myseses_--myseyses]\n\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS DEFENDS HIS OWN CONDUCT.]\n\n [Sidenote: I never deviated, he says, from the path of justice.]\n\n \u00b6 Neuer man drow me \u021ditte fro ry\u021dt to wro{n}g. When I say \u00fee 300\n fortunes {and} \u00fee rychesse of \u00fee people of \u00fee p{ro}uinces\n ben harmed ey\u00feer by p{r}iue rauynes or by comune\n tributis or cariages.\n\n [Sidenote: I felt for those that were wrongfully oppressed.]\n\n as sory was I as \u00feei \u00feat suffred[e]\n \u00fee harme. _Glosa._ \u00b6 Whan \u00feat theodoric \u00fee kyng of 304\n gothes in a dere \u021dere hadde hys gerners ful of corne\n {and} comaundede \u00feat no ma{n} ne schold[e] bie no corne\n til his corne were solde {and} \u00feat at a dere greuous pris.\n \u00b6 But I w{i}t{h}stod \u00feat ordinaunce {and} ouer-com it 308\n knowy{n}g al \u00feis \u00fee kyng hym self. \u00b6 Coempciou{n} \u00feat\n is to seyn comune achat or bying to-gidere \u00feat were\n establissed vpon poeple by swiche a manere imposiciou{n}\n as who so bou\u021dt[e] a busshel corn he most[e] \u021deue \u00fee 312\n ky{n}g \u00fee fifte p{ar}t. _Textus._\n\n [Sidenote: I opposed successfully Coemption in Campania.]\n\n \u00b6 Whan it was in \u00fee\n soure hungry tyme \u00feere was establissed or cried greuous\n {and} inplitable coempciou{n} \u00feat men seyn wel it schulde\n greetly to{ur}me{n}tyn {and} endamagen al \u00fee p{ro}uince of 316\n co{m}paigne I took strif a\u021deins \u00fee p{ro}uost of \u00fee pretorie\n for comune p{ro}fit. \u00b6 And \u00fee kyng knowyng of it I\n ouercom it so \u00feat \u00fee coempciou{n} ne was not axed ne\n took effect.\n\n [Sidenote: I saved Paulinus out of the hands of the hounds of the\n palace (_Palatini canes_).]\n\n \u00b6 Paulyn a counseiller of Rome \u00fee rychesse 320\n of \u00fee whyche paulyn \u00fee houndys of \u00fee palays. \u00feat is to\n seyn \u00fee officeres wolde han deuoured by hope {and}\n couetise \u00b6 \u021cit drow I hym out of \u00fee Iowes .s. faucib{us}\n of hem \u00feat gapede{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: I defended Albinus against Cyprian.]\n\n \u00b6 And for as myche as \u00fee peyne 324\n of \u00fee accusac{i}ou{n} aiuged byforn ne scholde not sodeynly\n henten ne punischen wrongfuly Albyn a counseiller of\n Rome. I put[te] me a\u021denis \u00fee hates {and} indignac{i}ou{n}s [[pg 16]]\n of \u00fee accuso{ur} Ciprian. \u00b6 Is it not \u00fean ynought yseyn 328\n \u00feat I haue p{ur}chased greet[e] discordes a\u021deins my self.\n\n [Sidenote: For the love of justice I forfeited all favour at\n Court.]\n\n but I aughte be more asseured a\u021denis alle o\u00feer folk \u00feat\n for \u00fee loue of ry\u021dtwisnesse .I. ne reserued[e] neuer no\n \u00feing to my self to hem ward of \u00fee kynges halle .s. officers. 332\n by \u00fee whiche I were \u00fee more syker. \u00b6 But \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee\n same accuso{ur}s accusyng I am co{n}dempned.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 300 _drow_--MS. drowe, C. weth drowh\n _\u021ditte_--yit\n _wrong_--wronge\n 301 _rychesse_--richesses\n _\u00fee_ (2)--omitted\n 302 _harmed ey\u00feer_--harmyd or amenused owther\n 303 _tributis_--tribut\u021d\n _suffred[e]_--suffreden\n 304 _harme_--harm\n 305 _\u021dere_--yer\n _hys_--hise\n 305, 306, 307 _corne_--corn\n 306 _schold[e] bie_--sholde byen\n 308 _But I withstod_--Boece withstood (MS. withstode)\n _com_--MS. come, C. com\n 311 _swiche_--swich\n 312 _bou\u021dt[e]_--bowhte\n _busshel_--bossel\n _most[e] \u021deue_--moste yeue\n 315 _inplitable_--vnplitable\n _seyn_--sayen\n 319 _ouercom_--MS. ouercome, C. ouer com\n 320 _counseiller_--consoler\n _rychesse_--rychesses\n 321 _whyche_--which\n 322 _wolde_--wolden\n 323 _drow_--MS. drowe, C. drowh\n 324 _myche_--moche\n 326 _punischen_--punisse\n 327 _putt[e]_--putte\n 328 _yseyn_--MS. yseyne\n 329 _greet[e]_--grete\n 330 _aughte be_--owhte be the\n _o\u00feer_--oothre\n 333 _by \u00fee whiche_--by which\n _\u00feoru\u021d \u00fee_--thorw tho]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE ACCUSERS OF BOETHIUS.]\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius makes mention of his accusers, Basilius,\n Opilio, Gaudentius, men who had been commanded to leave the city\n on account of their many crimes.]\n\n \u00b6 Of \u00fee noumbre of whiche accuso{ur}s one basilius \u00feat somtyme\n was chased out of \u00fee kynges seruice. is now co{m}pelled 336\n i{n} accusyng of my name for nede of foreine\n moneye. \u00b6 Also opilion {and} Gaudenci{us} han accused\n me. al be it so \u00feat \u00fee Iustice regal hadde su{m}tyme demed\n hem bo\u00fee to go in to exil. for her treccheries {and} fraudes 340\n wi\u00fe-outen noumbre. \u00b6 To whiche iugement \u00feei wolde\n not obeye. but defended[e] hem by sykernesse of holy\n houses.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 6.]]\n\n *\u00feat is to seyne fledden in to seyntuaries. {and}\n whan \u00feis was ap{er}ceiued to \u00fee kyng. he comaunded[e] 344\n but \u00feat \u00feei voided[e] \u00fee citee of Rauenne by certeyne\n day assigned \u00feat men scholde merken hem on \u00fee forheued\n wi\u00fe an hoke of iren {and} chasen hem out of toune.\n \u00b6 Now what \u00feing seme\u00fe \u00fee my\u021dt[e] be lykned to \u00feis 348\n cruelte.\n\n [Sidenote: But, on the day this sentence was to be executed, they\n accused him, and their testimony against him was accepted.]\n\n For certys \u00feilk same day was receyued \u00fee accusyng\n of my name by \u00feilk[e] same accuso{ur}s. \u00b6 What\n may be seid herto. ha\u00fe my studie {and} my konnyng\n deserued \u00feus. or ellys \u00fee forseide dampnaciou{n} of me. 352\n made \u00feat hem ry\u021dtful accuso{ur}s or no (q.d. no{n}).\n\n [Sidenote: Fortune, if not ashamed at this, might at least blush\n for the baseness of the accusers.]\n\n \u00b6 Was not fortune asshamed of \u00feis. [Certes alle hadde\n nat fortune ben asshamyd] \u00feat i{n}nocence was accused.\n \u021dit au\u021dt[e] sche haue had schame of \u00fee fil\u00fee of myn accuso{ur}s. 356\n\n [Linenotes:\n 335 _whiche_--the whiche\n _one_--oon\n _somtyme_--whilom\n 339 _sumtyme_--whilon\n 340 _go_--gon\n _her_--hir\n 341 _wi\u00fe-outen_--withowte\n _wolde not_--nolden nat\n 342 _defended[e]_--defendedyn\n _by_--by the\n 343 _seyne_--seyn\n _seyntuaries_--sentuarye\n 344 _was_--omitted\n _comaunded[e]_--comaundede\n 345 _voided[e]_--voidede\n _certeyne_--certeyn\n 346 _men_--me\n _merken_--marke\n 347 _hoke of iren_--hoot yren\n 348 _\u00fee_--omitted\n _my\u021dt[e] be_--myhte ben\n 349 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 350 _\u00feilk[e]_--thilke\n 351 _be_--ben\n _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 354, 355 [_Certes----asshamyd_]--from C.\n 356 _au\u021dt[e]_--owte\n _haue had_--han had, MS. hadde]\n\n [[pg 17]]\n [Headnote:\n THE ACCUSATIONS AGAINST BOETHIUS.]\n\n \u00b6 But axest \u00feou in so{m}me of what gilt .I.\n am accused.\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius says he is accused of trying to save the\n Senate, and of having embarrassed an informer against the Senate.]\n\n men seyne \u00feat I wolde sauen \u00fee co{m}paignie\n of \u00fee senato{ur}s. \u00b6 And desirest \u00feou to here\n in what manere .I. am accused \u00feat I scholde han distourbed 360\n \u00fee accuso{ur} to beren l{ett}res. by whiche he\n scholde han maked \u00fee senatours gilty a\u021deins \u00fee kynges\n Real maieste. \u00b6 O meistresse what demest \u00feou of\n \u00feis. schal .I. forsake \u00feis blame \u00feat I ne be no schame to 364\n \u00fee (q. d. no{n}).\n\n [Sidenote: It is true that he tried to save the Senate, for he has\n and will have its best interests always at heart.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis .I. haue wold it. \u00feat is to\n seyne \u00fee sauuaciou{n} of \u00fee senat. ne I schal neuer leten\n to wilne it. {and} \u00feat I confesse {and} am a-knowe. but\n \u00fee entent of \u00fee accusour to be destourbed schal cese. 368\n \u00b6 For schal I clepe it a felonie \u00fean or a synne \u00feat I\n haue desired \u00fee sauuaciou{n} of \u00fee ordre of \u00fee senat.\n and certys \u021dit hadde \u00feilk same senat don by me \u00feoru\u021d\n her decret\u021d {and} hire iugementys as \u00feou\u021d it were a synne 372\n or a felonie \u00feat is to seyne to wilne \u00fee sauuaciou{n} of\n he{m} (.s senat{us}).\n\n [Sidenote: (Folly cannot change the merit of things.]\n\n \u00b6 But folye \u00feat lieth alwey to hym\n self may not chaunge \u00fee merit of \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: According to Socrates\u2019 judgment it is not lawful to\n hide the truth nor assent to a falsehood.)]\n\n \u00b6 Ne .I.\n trowe not by \u00fee iugement of socrates \u00fe{a}t it were leueful 376\n to me to hide \u00fee so\u00fee. ne assent[e] to lesynges.\n \u00b6 But certys how so euer it be of \u00feis I put[te] it to gessen\n or p{re}ise{n} to \u00fee iugeme{n}t of \u00fee {and} of wise folk. \u00b6\u00a0Of\n whiche \u00feing al \u00fee ordinaunce {and} \u00fee so\u00fee for as moche 380\n as folk \u00feat ben to comen aftir our{e} dayes scholle{n}\n knowen it.\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius determines to transmit an account of his\n prosecution to posterity.]\n\n \u00b6 I haue put it in scripture {and} remembraunce.\n for touching \u00fee l{ett}res falsly maked. by\n whiche l{ett}res I am accused to han hooped \u00fee fredom of 384\n Rome. What app{er}tene\u00fe me to speken \u00feer-of.\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius says that he could have defeated his accusers\n had he been allowed the use of their confessions.]\n\n Of whiche l{ett}res \u00fee fraude hadde ben schewed ap{er}tly if\n I hadde had libertee forto han vsed {and} ben at \u00fee [[pg 18]]\n co{n}fessiou{n} of myn accuso{ur}s. \u00b6 \u00dee whiche \u00feing in 388\n alle nedys ha\u00fe grete strenke\u00fe. \u00b6 For what o\u00fe{er} fredo{m}\n may men hopen.\n\n [Sidenote: But there is now no remains of liberty to be hoped\n for.]\n\n Certys I wolde \u00feat some o\u00fe{er} fredom\n my\u021dt[e] be hoped. \u00b6 I wolde \u00fean haue answered by\n \u00fee wordes of a man \u00feat hy\u021dt[e] Canius. for whan he was 392\n accused by Gayus Cesar Germeins son \u00feat he (cani{us})\n was knowyng {and} consentyng of a coniurac{i}ou{n} maked\n a\u021deins hym (.s. Gai{us}). \u00b6 \u00deis Canius answered[e]\n \u00feus. \u00b6 Yif I had[de] wist it \u00feou haddest not wist it. 396\n\n [Linenotes:\n 357 _axest \u00feou_--axestow\n 358 _seyne_--seyn\n _sauen_--saue\n 359 _desirest \u00feou_--desires thow\n _here_--hereen\n 362 _maked_--MS. maken, C. makyd\n 363 _demest \u00feou_--demestow\n 365 _wold_--MS. wolde, C. wold\n 366 _seyne_--seyn\n 367 _\u00feat_--omitted\n _am_--I am\n 368 _be_--ben\n 369 _it_--it thanne\n _\u00fean_--omitted\n 371 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 372 _her_--hir\n _hire_--hir\n _\u00feou\u021d_--thogh\n 373 _or_--and\n _seyne_--seyn\n 374 _lieth_--MS. lie\u00fee, C. lieth\n 377 _assent[e]_--assente\n 381 _schollen_--shellen\n 382 {and}--{and} in\n 385 _speken_--speke\n 385-86 _of----lettres_--C. omits\n 386 _if_--yif\n 387 _had_--MS. hade, C. had\n 388 _myn_--myne\n 389 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee, C. hath\n _grete_--gret\n _what_--omitted\n 390 _some_--som\n 391 _my\u021dt[e] be_--myhte ben\n _\u00fean haue_--thanne han\n 392 _hy\u021dt[e]_--hyhte\n 394 _maked_--ymaked\n 395 _answered[e]_--answerede\n 396 _had[de]_--hadde]\n\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS COMPLAINS TO PHILOSOPHY.]\n\n [Sidenote: It is not strange that the wicked should conspire\n against virtue.]\n\n In whiche \u00feing sorwe ha\u00fe not so dulled my witte\n \u00fe{a}t I pleyne oonly \u00feat schrewed[e] folk apparailen\n folies a\u021deins vertues. \u00b6 But I wondre gretly how \u00feat\n \u00feei may p{er}forme \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei had[de] hoped forto 400\n done.\n\n [Sidenote: The will to do ill proceeds from the defects of human\n nature.]\n\n For why. to wylne schrewednesse \u00feat come\u00fe\n p{ar}auenture of oure defaute. \u00b6 But it is lyke to a\n monstre {and} a meruaille.\n\n [Sidenote: It is a marvel how such evil acts can be done under the\n eye of an Omniscient God.]\n\n \u00b6 How \u00feat in \u00fee p{re}se{n}t\n sy\u021dt of god may ben acheued {and} p{er}formed swiche 404\n \u00feinges. as euery felonous man ha\u00fe conceyued in hys\n \u00feou\u021dt a\u021deins i{n}nocent. \u00b6 For whiche \u00feing oon of \u00fei\n familers not vnskilfully axed \u00feus.\n\n [Sidenote: If there be a God, whence proceeds evil? If there is\n none, whence arises good?]\n\n \u00b6 \u021cif god is. whennes\n comen wikked[e] \u00feinges. {and} yif god ne is whennes 408\n comen goode \u00feinges. but al hadde it ben leueful \u00feat\n felonous folk \u00feat now desiren \u00fee bloode {and} \u00fee dee\u00fe of\n alle goode men. {and} eke of al \u00fee senat han wilned to\n gone destroien me. whom \u00feei han seyn alwey bataile{n} 412\n {and} defenden goode men {and} eke al \u00fee senat. \u021cit\n hadde I not desserued of \u00fee fadres. \u00feat is to seyne of\n \u00fee senatours \u00feat \u00feei scholde wilne my destrucc{i}ou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius defends the integrity of his life.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 6 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deou remembrest wele as I gesse \u00feat whan I wolde [[pg 19]]\n don or *seyn any \u00feing. \u00feou \u00fei self alwey p{re}sent reweledest me. 417\n\n [Sidenote: He defended the Senate at Verona.]\n\n \u00b6 At \u00fee citee of verone wha{n} \u00feat \u00fee\n kyng gredy of comune slau\u021dter. caste hym to t{ra}nsporten\n vpon al \u00fee ordre of \u00fee senat. \u00fee gilt of his real 420\n maieste of \u00fee whiche gilt \u00feat albyn was accused. wi\u00fe\n how grete sykernesse of p{er}il to me defended[e] I al\n \u00fee senat.\n\n [Sidenote: He spake only the truth, and did not boast.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deou wost wel \u00feat I seide so\u00fee. ne I\n auaunted[e] me neuer in preysyng of my self. 424\n\n [Sidenote: (Boasting lessens the pleasure of a self approving\n conscience.)]\n\n \u00b6 For\n alwey when any wy\u021dt resceiue\u00fe p{re}ciouse renou{n} in\n auauntyng hym self of hys werkes: he amenusi\u00fe \u00fee\n secre of hys conscience. \u00b6 But now \u00feou mayst wel\n seen to what ende I am comen for myne i{n}nocence. 428\n\n [Linenotes:\n 397 _whiche_--which\n _sorwe_--sorw\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _witte_--wit\n 398 _schrewed[e]_--shrewede\n 399 _folies_--felonies\n _vertues_--vertu\n 400 _had[de]_--han\n 401 _done_--don\n _come\u00fe_--comth\n 402 _lyke to a_--lyk a\n 404 _sy\u021dt_--syhte\n 405 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 406 _innocent_--innocent\u021d\n _whiche_--which\n 408 _wikked[e]_--wykkede\n 410 _bloode_--blod\n 411 _eke_--ek\n 412 _gone_--gon {and}\n _seyn_--seyen\n 413 _eke_--ek\n 414 _seyne_--seyn\n 415 _scholde_--sholden\n 416 _wele_--wel\n 417 _don_--MS. done, C. doon\n _seyn_--seyen\n 418 _\u00fee_ (1)--omitted\n 419 _slau\u021dter_--slawhtre\n 420 _transporten vpon_--transpor vp\n 422 _grete_--gret\n _defended[e]_--deffendede\n 423 _seide so\u00fee_--seye soth\n 424 _auaunted[e]_--auauntede\n 425 _when_--whan\n _preciouse_--presious]\n\n [Headnote:\n OF HIS FALSE ACCUSERS.]\n\n [Sidenote: But as the reward of his innocence he is made to suffer\n the punishment due to the blackest crime.]\n\n I receiue peyne of fals felonie in gerdou{n} of verray\n vertue. \u00b6 And what open co{n}fessiou{n} of felonie\n had[de] euer iugis so accordaunt i{n} cruelte. \u00feat is to\n seyne as myne accusyng ha\u00fe. \u00b6 \u00deat o\u00feer errour of 432\n mans witte or ellys co{n}diciou{n} of fortune \u00feat is vncerteyne\n to al mortal folk ne submytted[e] su{m}me of he{m}. \u00feat is\n to seyne \u00feat it ne cheyned[e] su{m}me iuge to han pitee\n or compassiou{n}. 436\n\n [Sidenote: Had he been accused of a design to burn temples,\n massacre priests, he would have been allowed to confront his\n accusers.]\n\n \u00b6 For al \u00feou\u021d I had[de] ben accused\n \u00feat I wolde brenne holy houses. {and} strangle p{re}stys\n wi\u00fe wicked swerde. \u00b6 or \u00feat .I. had[de] gray\u00feed dee\u00fe\n to alle goode men algatis \u00fee sentence scholde han\n punysched me p{re}sent confessed or co{n}uict.\n\n [Sidenote: But now this is denied him, and he is proscribed and\n condemned to death.]\n\n \u00b6 But 440\n now I am remewed fro \u00fee Citee of rome almost fyue-hundre\u00fe\n \u00feousand pas. I am wi\u00fe outen defence dampned\n to p{ro}sc{ri}pciou{n} {and} to \u00fee dee\u00fe. for \u00fee studie {and}\n bountees \u00feat I haue done to \u00fee senat. \u00b6 But o wel ben 444\n \u00feei wor\u00fei of mercye (as who sei\u00fe nay.) \u00feer my\u021dt[e] neuer\n \u021dit non of hem ben conuicte. Of swiche a blame as [[pg 20]]\n myn is of swiche t{r}espas myn accuso{ur}s seyen ful wel \u00fee dignitee.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 429 _in_--for\n 430 _vertue_--vertu\n 431 _had[de]_--hadde\n 432 _seyne_--seyn\n _myne_--myn\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 433 _witte_--wit\n _vncerteyne_--vncerteyn\n 434 _al_--alle\n _submytted[e]_--submittede\n 435 _seyne_--seyn\n _cheyned[e]_--enclinede\n 436 _had[de]_--hadde\n 438 _wicked_--wykkede\n _had[de]_--hadde\n 441 _almost_--almest\n 442 _\u00feousand_--MS. \u00feousas\n _wi\u00fe outen_--withowte\n 444 _done_--doon\n 445 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 446 _ben_--be\n _swiche_--swich\n 447 _myn_ (_both_)--myne\n _swiche_--whiche\n _seyen_--sayen]\n\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS ACCUSED OF SORCERY.]\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius says that his enemies accused him of sorcery.]\n\n \u00fee wiche dignite for \u00feei wolde derken it 448\n wi\u00fe medelyng of some felonye. \u00feei beren me on honde\n {and} lieden. \u00feat I hadde polute {and} defouled my conscience\n wi\u00fe sacrelege. for couetise of dignite. \u00b6 And\n certys \u00feou \u00fei self \u00feat art plaunted in me chacedest oute 452\n \u00fee sege of my corage al couetise of mortal \u00feinges. ne\n sacrilege ne had[de] no leue to han a place in me byforne\n \u00feine eyen.\n\n [Sidenote: He affirms that he has always followed the golden maxim\n of Pythagoras,-- \u1f15\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0398\u03b5\u1ff7.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feou drouppedest euery day in myn\n eer{e}s {and} in my \u00feou\u021dt \u00feilk comaundement of pictogoras. 456\n \u00feat is to seyne men schal seruen to god. {and} not to\n goddes. \u00b6 Ne it was no couenaunt ne no nede to\n taken helpe of \u00fee foulest spirites. \u00b6 I \u00feat \u00feou hast\n ordeyned or set in syche excellence \u00fe{a}t [\u00feou] makedest 460\n me lyke to god. and ouer \u00feis \u00fee ry\u021dt clene secre\n chaumbre of myn house.\n\n [Sidenote: His family and friends could clear him from all\n suspicion of the crime of sorcery.]\n\n \u00feat is to seye my wijf {and} \u00fee\n co{m}paignie of myn honeste frendis. {and} my wyues\n fadir as wel holy as wor\u00fei to ben reuerenced \u00feoru\u021d 464\n hys owen dedis. defenden me of al suspecciou{n} of syche\n blame. \u00b6\u00a0But o malice. \u00b6 For \u00feei \u00feat accusen me\n taken of \u00fee philosophie fei\u00fee of so grete blame.\n\n [Sidenote: Because he has given himself up to Philosophy, his\n enemies accuse him of using unlawful arts.]\n\n \u00b6 For 467\n \u00feei trowen \u00feat .I. haue had affinite to malyfice or enchau{n}tement\u021d\n by cause \u00feat I am replenissed {and} fulfilled\n wi\u00fe \u00fei techynges. {and} enformed of \u00fei maners.\n \u00b6 And \u00feus it suffice\u00fe not only \u00feat \u00fei reuerence ne auayle\n me not. but \u021dif \u00feat \u00feou of \u00fei fre wille ra\u00feer be blemissed 472\n wi\u00fe myne offensiou{n}. \u00b6 But certys to \u00fee harmes \u00feat I\n haue \u00feere bytyde\u00fe \u021dit \u00feis encrece of harme.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 448 _wolde_--wolden\n 449 _some_--som\n _beren_--baren\n _on honde_--an hand\n 450 _polute_--polut\n 451 _sacrelege_--C. _has_ sorcerie _as a gloss to_ sacrilege\n 453 _al_--alle\n 454 _had[de]_--hadde\n _byforne_--byforn\n 455 _drouppedest_--droppedest\n _myn_--myne\n 456 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 457 _seyne_--seyn\n _seruen_--serue\n _god_--godde\n 459 _helpe_--help\n _spirites_--spirite\n 460 _set_--MS. sette, C. set\n _syche_--swiche\n [_\u00feou_]--thow\n 461 _lyke_--lyk\n 462 _house_--hows\n _seye_--seyn\n 463 _myn_--my\n 465 _owen_--owne\n _of al_--from alle\n _syche_--swich\n 467 _philosophie_--philosophre\n _fei\u00fee_--feyth\n _grete_--gret\n 468 _had_--MS. hadde, C. had\n 473 _myne_--myn\n 474 _\u00feere_--ther\n _harme_--harm]\n\n [[pg 21]]\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS DEPLORES THE POPULAR CENSURE.]\n\n \u00feat \u00fee gessinge {and} \u00fee iugement of myche folk ne loken no\n \u00feing to \u00fee[de]sertys of \u00feinges but only to \u00fee aue{n}t{ur}e 476\n of fortune.\n\n [Sidenote: Most people imagine that that only should be judged to\n be undertaken with prudent foresight which is crowned with\n success.]\n\n \u00b6 And iugen \u00feat only swiche \u00feinges ben\n p{ur}ueied of god. whiche \u00feat temporel welefulnesse\n co{m}mendi\u00fe. _Glosa._ \u00b6 As \u00feus \u00feat yif a wy\u021dt haue\n prosperite. he is a good man {and} wor\u00fei to haue \u00feat 480\n p{ro}sperite.\n\n [Sidenote: The unfortunate lose the good opinion of the world.]\n\n and who so ha\u00fe aduersite he is a wikked\n man. {and} god ha\u00fe forsake hym. {and} he is wor\u00fei to\n haue \u00feat aduersite. \u00b6 \u00deis is \u00fee opiniou{n} of so{m}me\n folke.\n\n [Sidenote: [* Text begins again.]]\n\n *{and} \u00feer of come\u00fe \u00feat good gessyng. \u00b6 Fyrste of 484\n al \u00fei{n}g forsake\u00fe wrecches certys it greue\u00fe me to \u00feink[e]\n ry\u021dt now \u00fee dyuerse sentences \u00feat \u00fee poeple sei\u00fe of\n me. \u00b6 And \u00feus moche I seye \u00feat \u00fee laste charge of\n contrarious fortune is \u00feis.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 7.]]\n\n *\u00feat whan \u00feat ony blame is 488\n laid vpon a caytif. men wenen \u00feat he ha\u00fe deserued \u00feat\n he suffre\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius laments the loss of his dignities and\n reputation.]\n\n \u00b6 And I \u00feat am put awey fro{m} goode men\n {and} despoiled from dignitees {and} defoulid of my name\n by gessyng haue suffred torment for my goode dedis. 492\n\n [Sidenote: The wicked, he says, sin with impunity, while the\n innocent are deprived of security, protection, and defence.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys me seme\u00fe \u00feat I se \u00fee felonus couines of\n wikked men abounden in ioie {and} in gladnes. \u00b6 And\n I se \u00feat euery lorel shapi\u00fe hy{m} to fynde oute newe\n fraudes forto accusen goode folke. and I se \u00feat goode 496\n men ben ou{er}\u00ferowen for drede of my p{er}il. \u00b6 and\n euery luxurious to{ur}mentour dar don alle felonie vnpunissed\n {and} ben excited \u00feerto by \u021diftes. and i{n}nocent\u021d\n ne ben not oonly despoiled of sykernesse but of defence 500\n {and} \u00feerfore me list to crien to god in \u00feis manere.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 475 _myche_--moche\n 476 _\u00fee[de]sertys_--the desert\u021d\n 479 _Glosa_--glose\n 480 _good_--MS. goode, C. good\n _haue_--han\n 481 _so_--omitted in C.\n 481, 482 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 483 _haue_--han\n 484 _Fyrste_--fyrst\n 485 _al_--alle\n _\u00feink[e]_--thinke\n 488 _ony_--any\n 489 _laid_--MS. laide, C. leyd\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 490 _put_--MS. putte, C. put\n 491 _from_--of\n 494 _abounden_--habownden\n _gladnes_--gladnesse\n 495 _oute_--owt\n 496 _accusen_--accuse\n 497 _ben_--beth\n 501 _manere_--wise]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE CRUEL CHANGES OF FORTUNE]\n\nO STELLIFERI CONDITOR ORBIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fifthe met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Author of the starry sky, Thou, seated on high, turnest\n the spheres, and imposest laws upon the stars and planets.]\n\n ++O \u00feou maker of \u00fee whele \u00feat bere\u00fe \u00fee sterres. whiche\n \u00feat art fastned to \u00fei p{er}durable chayere. {and}\n turnest \u00fee heuene wi\u00fe a rauyssyng sweigh{e}\n {and} {con}streinest [[pg 22]]\n \u00fee sterres to suffren \u00fei lawe. \u00b6 So \u00fe{a}t \u00fee 505\n mone somtyme schynyng wi\u00fe hir ful hornes metyng\n wi\u00fe alle \u00fee bemes of \u00fee sonne.\n\n [Sidenote: The sun obscures the lesser lights, and quenches even\n the moon\u2019s light.]\n\n \u00b6 Hir bro\u00feer hide\u00fe \u00fee\n sterres \u00feat ben lasse. {and} somtyme whan \u00fee mone 508\n pale wi\u00fe hir derke hornes approche\u00fe \u00fee sonne. leesith\n hir ly\u021dtes.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou raisest Hesperus to usher in the shades of night,\n and again causest him to be the harbinger of day, whence his name\n Lucifer.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feat \u00fee euesterre esperus whiche\n \u00feat in \u00fee first[e] tyme of \u00fee ny\u021dt brynge\u00fe fur\u00fee hir\n colde arysynges come\u00fe eft a\u021deynes hir vsed cours. {and} 512\n is pale by \u00fee morwe at \u00fee rysynge of \u00fee sonne. and is\n \u00fean cleped lucifer. \u00b6 \u00deou restreinest \u00fee day by schorter\n dwellyng in \u00fee tyme of colde wynter \u00feat make\u00fe \u00fee\n leues to falle. \u00b6 \u00deou diuidest \u00fee swifte tides of \u00fee 516\n ny\u021dt when \u00fee hote somer is comen.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou controllest the changing seasons of the year.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00dei my\u021dt attempre[\u00fe]\n \u00feo variau{n}t\u021d sesons of \u00fee \u021dere. so \u00feat\n \u021depherus \u00fee deboneire wynde bringe\u00fe a\u021dein in \u00fee first[e]\n somer sesou{n} \u00fee leues \u00feat \u00fee wynde \u00feat hy\u021dt[e] boreas 520\n ha\u00fe reft awey in autu{m}pne. \u00feat is to seyne in \u00fee laste\n eende of somer. and \u00fee sedes \u00feat \u00fee sterre \u00feat hy\u021dt arctur{us}\n saw ben waxen hey[e] cornes whan \u00fee sterre\n sirius eschaufe\u00fe hym. 524\n\n [Sidenote: All nature is bound by thy eternal law.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deere nis no \u00feing vnbounde\n from hys olde lawe ne forlete\u00fe hym of hys p{ro}pre estat.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 502 _whele_--whel\n _whiche_--which\n 503 _fastned_--yfastned\n _chayere_--chayer\n 504 _sweighe_--sweyh\n _constreinest_, MS. contreuiest, C. constreynest\n 506 _hir_--her{e}\n 508 _lasse_--lesse\n 510 _esperus whiche_--hesperus which\n 511 _first[e]_--fyrste\n _fur\u00fee_--forth\n 512 _eft_--est\n 514 _restreinest_--MS. restreniest\n 516 _to_--omitted\n 518 _attempre[\u00fe] \u00feo_--atempreth the\n _sesons_--sesoun\n _\u021dere_--yer\n 519 _wynde bringe\u00fe_--wynd brengeth\n 520 _wynde_--wynd\n _hy\u021dt[e]_--hihte\n 521 _reft_--MS. refte, C. reft\n _seyne_--seyn\n 522 _hy\u021dt_--hihte\n _arcturus_--MS. aritur{us}\n 523 _saw_--MS. sawe\u00fe, C. sawgh\n _hey[e]_--hyye\n 524 _hym_--hem\n _\u00feere_--ther\n _\u00feing_--thinge\n 525 _from_--fram\n _forlete\u00fe hym of_--forleetheth \u00fee werke of]\n\n [Headnote:\n CONTRASTED WITH THE ORDER OF NATURE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Why, then, leavest thou man\u2019s actions uncontrolled?]\n\n \u00b6 O \u00feou gouerno{ur} gouernyng alle \u00feinges by certeyne\n ende. why refusest \u00feou oonly to gouerne \u00fee werkes of\n men by dewe manere.\n\n [Sidenote: Why should fickle fortune be allowed to work such\n mighty changes in the world?]\n\n \u00b6 Whi suffrest \u00fe{o}u \u00feat slidyng 528\n fortune turne\u00fe to grete vtter chaungynges of \u00feinges.\n so \u00feat anoious peyne \u00feat scholde duelly punissh{e} felouns\n punissit\u021d innocent\u021d.\n\n [Sidenote: The wicked are prosperous, while the righteous are in\n adversity.]\n\n \u00b6 And folk of wikked[e]\n man{er}es sitten in hei\u021de chaiers. {and} anoienge folk 532\n treden {and} \u00feat vnry\u021dtfully in \u00fee nekkes of holy men. [[pg 23]]\n \u00b6 And vertue clere {and} schynyng naturely is hid in\n dirke dirkenesses. {and} \u00fee ry\u021dtful man beri\u00fe \u00fee blame\n {and} \u00fee peyne of \u00fee felowne. \u00b6 Ne \u00fee forsweryng ne 536\n \u00fee fraude couered {and} kembd wi\u00fe a fals colo{ur} ne\n a-noye\u00fe not to schrewes. \u00b6 \u00dee whiche schrewes whan\n hem lyst to vsen her streng\u00fee \u00feei reioisen hem to\n putte{n} vndir hem \u00fee souerayne kynges. whiche \u00fe{a}t 540\n poeple wi\u00fe[outen] noumbre dreden.\n\n [Sidenote: O thou that bindest the disagreeing elements, look upon\n this wretched earth, and, as thou dost govern the spacious\n heavens, so let the earth be firmly bound.]\n\n \u00b6 O \u00feou what so\n euer \u00feou be \u00feat knyttes[t] alle bondes of \u00feinges loke\n on \u00feise wrecched[e] er\u00fees. we men \u00feat ben nat a\n foule party but a faire party of so grete a werke we 544\n ben turmentid in \u00fee see of fortune. \u00b6 \u00deou gouerno{ur}\n wi\u00fedraw {and} restreyne \u00fee rauyssinge flodes {and} fastne\n {and} forme \u00feise er\u00fees stable wi\u00fe \u00feilke [bonde] wi\u00fe\n whiche \u00feou gouernest \u00fee heuene \u00feat is so large. 548\n\n [Linenotes:\n 527 _refusest \u00feou_--refowsestow\n 529 _to----\u00feinges_--so grete entrechaunginges of thynges\n 531 _punissit\u021d_--punysshe\n _wikked[e]_--wykkede\n 532 _hei\u021de_--heer{e}\n 533 _in_--oon\n 534 {and}--omitted\n 536 _Ne \u00fee forsweryng_--Ne forswerynge\n 537 _kembd_--MS. kembde, C. kembd\n 541 _wi\u00fe[outen]_--withhowtyn\n 542 _knyttes[t]_--knyttest\n 543 _wrecched[e]_--wrecchede\n 544 _a_ (2)--omitted\n 545 _\u00fee_--this\n 546 _wi\u00fedraw_--MS. wi\u00fedrawe, C. withdrawh\n _\u00fee_--thei\n 547 _forme_--ferme\n [_bonde_]--from C.\n _wi\u00fe_--by]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n PHILOSOPHY CONSOLES BOETHIUS,]\n\nHIC UBI CONTINUATO DOLORE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy consoles Boethius.]\n\n ++Whan I hadde wi\u00fe a continuel sorwe sobbed or\n broken out \u00feise \u00feinges sche wi\u00fe hir chere peisible\n {and} no \u00fei{n}g amoeued. wi\u00fe my compleyntes seide \u00fe{us}.\n whan I say \u00fee q{uod} sche sorweful {and} wepyng I wist[e] 552\n on-one \u00feat \u00feou were a wrecche {and} exiled. but I\n wist[e] neuer how fer \u00feine exile was: \u021dif \u00fei tale ne\n hadde schewed it to me. but certys al be \u00feou fer fro \u00fei\n contre.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 7 _b_.]]\n\n \u00feou nart *nat put out of it. but \u00feou hast 556\n fayled of \u00fei weye {and} gon amys.\n\n [Sidenote: She speaks to him of his country.]\n\n \u00b6 and yif \u00feou hast\n leuer forto wene \u00fean \u00feou be put out of \u00fei contre. \u00fean\n hast \u00feou put oute \u00fei self ra\u00feer \u00feen ony o\u00feer wy\u021dt ha\u00fe.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 550 _broken_--borken\n 552 _wist[e]_--wyste\n 553 _on-one_--anon\n 554 _wist[e]_--wyste\n _fer_--ferr{e}\n 555 _ne hadde_--nadde\n 557 _gon_--MS. gone, C. gon\n 558 _leuer_--leuer{e}\n 558, 559 _put_--MS. putte, C. put\n 559 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n [Headnote:\n AND PROPOSES TO ADMINISTER REMEDIES.]\n\n \u00b6 For no wy\u021dt but \u00fei self ne my\u021dt[e] neuer haue don 560\n \u00feat to \u00fee. [[pg 24]]\n\n [Sidenote: She reminds him that he is a citizen of a country not\n governed by a giddy multitude, but \u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd, \u03b5\u1f37\u03c2\n \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u021dif \u00feou remembre of what contre \u00feou\n art born. it nis not gou{er}ned by emp{er}oures. ne by\n gouernement of multitude. as weren \u00fee contres of hem\n of athenes. \u00b6 But o lorde {and} o kyng {and} \u00feat is god 564\n \u00feat is lorde of \u00fei contree. whiche \u00feat reioise\u00fe hym of\n \u00fee dwellyng of hys Cite\u021denis. {and} not forto putte hem\n in exile. Of \u00fee whiche lorde it is a souerayne fredom\n to be gouerned by \u00fee bridel of hym and obeie to his 568\n iustice.\n\n [Sidenote: The Commonwealth of Boethius.]\n\n \u00b6 Hast \u00feou for\u021deten \u00feilke ry\u021dt olde lawe of \u00fei\n Citee. in \u00fee whiche Citee it is ordeyned {and} establissed\n \u00feat what wy\u021dt \u00feat ha\u00fe leuer founden \u00feer i{n}ne hys sete\n or hys house. \u00feen ellys where: he may not be exiled 572\n by no ry\u021dt fro \u00feat place. \u00b6 For who so \u00feat is co{n}tened\n in-wi\u00fe \u00fee paleis [{and} the clos] of \u00feilke Citee. \u00feer nis\n no drede \u00feat he may deserue to ben exiled. \u00b6 But\n who \u00feat lette\u00fe \u00fee wille forto enhabit[e] \u00feere. he forlete\u00fe 576\n also to deserue to ben Cite\u021dein of \u00feilke Citee.\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy says she is moved more by the looks of\n Boethius than by his gloomy prison.]\n\n \u00b6 So \u00feat I seye \u00feat \u00fee face of \u00feis place ne amoeue\u00fe me\n nat so myche as \u00feine owen face. Ne .I. ne axe not\n ra\u00feer \u00fee walles of \u00fei librarie apparailled {and} wrou\u021dt 580\n wi\u00fe yvory {and} wi\u00fe glas \u00fean after \u00fee sete of \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: Books are to be valued on account of the _thoughts_\n they contain.]\n\n In whiche I putte nat somtyme bookes. but .I. putte\n \u00feat \u00feat make\u00fe bookes wor\u00fei of p{ri}s or p{re}cious \u00feat is\n to sein \u00fee sentence of my books. \u00b6 {And} certeinly of 584\n \u00fei dec{er}tes by-stowed in co{m}mune good. \u00feou hast seid\n so\u00fee but after \u00fee multitude of \u00fei goode dedys. \u00feou hast\n seid fewe. {and} of \u00fee vnhonestee or falsnesse of \u00feinges\n \u00feat ben opposed a\u021deins \u00fee. \u00feou hast remembred \u00feinges 588\n \u00feat be{n} knowe to alle folk.\n\n [Sidenote: Boethius has rightfully and briefly recounted the\n frauds of his accusers.]\n\n and of \u00fee felonies {and}\n fraudes of \u00feine accuso{ur}s. it seme\u00fe \u00fee haue I-touched\n it forso\u00fee ry\u021dtfully {and} schortly. \u00b6 Al my\u021dten \u00feo\n same \u00feinges bettere {and} more plentiuousely be couth [[pg 25]]\n in \u00fee mou\u00fee of \u00fee poeple \u00fe{a}t knowe\u00fe al \u00feis. \u00b6 \u00deou 593\n hast eke blamed gretly {and} compleyned of \u00fee wrongful\n dede of \u00fee senat. \u00b6 And \u00feou hast sorwed for my\n blame.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou hast, said Philosophy, bewailed the loss of thy\n good name, thou hast complained against Fortune, and against the\n unequal distribution of rewards and punishments.]\n\n {and} \u00feou hast wepen for \u00fee damage of \u00fei renoune 596\n \u00feat is appaired. {and} \u00fei laste sorwe eschaufed\n a\u021deins fortune {and} co{m}pleinest \u00feat gerdou{n}s ne ben not\n euenliche \u021dolde to \u00fee desertes of folk. {and} in \u00fee l{att}re\n ende of \u00fei woode muse \u00feou p{r}iedest \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke pees \u00feat 600\n gouerne\u00fe \u00fee heuene scholde gou{er}ne \u00fee er\u00fee \u00b6 But\n for \u00feat many tribulac{i}ou{n}s of affecc{i}ou{n}s han assailed\n \u00fee. {and} sorwe {and} Ire {and} wepyng todrawen \u00feee\n dyuersely\n\n [Sidenote: Strong medicines are not proper for thee now,\n distracted by grief, anger, and sadness.]\n\n \u00b6 As \u00feou art now feble of \u00feou\u021dt. my\u021dtyer 604\n remedies ne schullen not \u021dit touchen \u00fee for whiche\n we wil[e] vsen somedel ly\u021dter medicines.\n\n [Sidenote: Light medicines must prepare thee for sharper\n remedies.]\n\n So \u00feat \u00feilk[e]\n passiou{n}s \u00feat ben woxen harde in swellyng by p{er}turbac{i}ou{n}\n folowyng in to \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt mowen woxe esy 608\n {and} softe to receyue{n} \u00fee strenke\u00fe of a more my\u021dty {and}\n more egre medicine by an esier touchyng.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 560 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n _haue_--han\n _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 562 _born_--MS. borne, C. born\n 566 _hys_--hise\n _putte_--put\n 568 _be_--ben\n 571 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 572 _house_--hows\n 574 [_and----clos_]--from C.\n 576 _wille_--wyl\n _enhabit[e]_--enhabyte\n 578 _seye_--sey\n _amoeue\u00fe_--moueth\n 579 _myche_--mochel\n _owen_--owne\n _ne_ (2)--omitted\n 582 _putte_ (_both_)--put\n _somtyme_--whilom\n 585 _decertes_--desertes\n _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyde\n 586 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 587 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n 588 _opposed_--aposyd\n 599 _knowe_--knowyn\n 592 _be couth_--MS. be couth{e}, C. ben cowth\n 596 _wepen_--wopen\n 597 _laste_--last\n _eschaufed_--eschaufede\n 598 _not_--omitted\n 599 _\u021dolde_--yolden\n 602 _many_--manye\n 604 _my\u021dtyer_--myhtyer{e}\n 605 _whiche_--which\n 606 _wil[e]_--wol\n _ly\u021dter_--lyhter{e}\n _\u00feilk[e]_--thilke\n 607 _harde_--hard\n 608 _folowyng_--Flowyng\n _woxe_--wexen\n 610 _esier_--esyer{e}]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n PHILOSOPHY QUESTIONS BOETHIUS.]\n\nCU{M} PHEBI RADIIS G{RA}UE CA{N}C{R}I SID{US} ENESTUAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The sixte met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: He who sows his seed when the sun is in the Sign of\n Cancer, must look for no produce.]\n\n ++Whan \u00feat \u00fee heuy sterre of \u00fee cancre eschaufe\u00fe by\n \u00fee beme of pheb{us}. \u00feat is to seyne whan \u00feat pheb{us} 612\n \u00fee sonne is in \u00fee signe of \u00fee Cancre. Who so \u021deue\u00fe\n \u00fean largely hys sedes to \u00fee feldes \u00feat refuse to receiuen\n hem. lete hym gon bygyled of trust \u00feat he\n hadde to hys corn. to acorns or okes.\n\n [Sidenote: Think not to ingather violets in the wintry and stormy\n season.]\n\n yif \u00feou wilt 616\n gadre violett\u021d. ne go \u00feou not to \u00fee purp{er} wode whan\n \u00fee felde chirkynge agrise\u00fe of colde by \u00fee felnesse of\n \u00fee wynde \u00feat hy\u021dt aquilon\n\n [Sidenote: If you wish for wine in autumn let the tendrils of the\n vine be free in the spring.]\n\n Yif \u00feou desirest or\n \u00b6 wolt vsen grapes ne seke \u00feou nat wi\u00fe a gloto{n}us hande [[pg 26]]\n to streine {and} p{re}sse \u00fee stalkes of \u00fee vine in \u00fee first 621\n somer sesou{n}. for bachus \u00fee god of wyne ha\u00fe ra\u00feer\n \u021deuen his \u021diftes to autu{m}pne \u00fee latter ende of somer.\n\n [Sidenote: To every work God assigns a proper time, nor suffers\n anything to pass its bounds.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 8.]]\n\n \u00b6 God tokeni\u00fe {and} assigne\u00fe *\u00fee tymes. ablyng hem 624\n to her p{ro}pre offices. \u00b6 Ne he ne suffre\u00fe not stoundes\n whiche \u00feat hym self ha\u00fe deuided {and} co{n}streined to\n be medeled to gidre\n\n [Sidenote: Success does not await him who departs from the\n appointed order of things.]\n\n \u00b6 And for\u00fei he \u00feat forlete\u00fe\n certeyne ordinaunce of doynge by ou{er}\u00ferowyng wey. 628\n he ne ha\u00fe no glade issue or ende of hys werkes.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 612 _beme_--beemes\n _seyne_--seyn\n 614 _hys_--hise\n _refuse_--refusen\n 615 after _hem_ C. adds [s. corn]\n _lete hym gon_ (MS. _gone_)--lat hym gon\n 616 _or_--of\n _wilt gadre_--wolt gadery\n 618 _felde_--feeld\n _felnesse_--felnesses\n 619 _hy\u021dt_--hyhte\n 620 _hande_--hond\n 622 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 625 _her propre_--heer{e} propres\n _not_--nat the\n 626 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 627 _be medeled_--ben I-medled\n 628 _certeyne_--certeyn\n 629 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n DISCOVERS THE CAUSE OF HIS DISTEMPER.]\n\nPRIMU{M} IGITUR PATERIS ROGACIONIB{US}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The syxte p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy proposes to question Boethius.]\n\n ++FIrst wolt \u00feou suffre me to touche {and} assaie \u00fee stat\n of \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt by a fewe demaundes. so \u00feat I may\n vnderstonde what be \u00fee manere of \u00fei curac{i}ou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0Axe 632\n me q{uod} .I. atte \u00fei wille what \u00feou wilt. {and} I schal\n answer{e}.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Is the world governed by Chance?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deo saide sche \u00feus. whe\u00feer wenest \u00feou q{uo}d\n sche \u00fe{a}t \u00feis worlde be gouerned by foolisshe happes\n {and} fortunes. or elles wenest \u00feou \u00feat \u00feer be i{n} it any 636\n gouerneme{n}t of resou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ By no means. The Creator presides over his own\n works.]\n\n Certes q{uod} .I. ne trowe not\n in no manere \u00feat so certeyne \u00feinges scholde be moeued\n by fortunouse fortune. but I wot wel \u00feat god maker\n {and} mayster is gouerno{ur} of \u00feis werk.\n\n [Sidenote: I shall never swerve from this opinion.]\n\n Ne neuer nas 640\n \u021dit day \u00feat my\u021dt[e] putte me oute of \u00fee so\u00feenesse of\n \u00feat sentence.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Yes! Thou didst say as much when thou didst\n declare man alone to be destitute of divine care.]\n\n \u00b6 So is it q{uod} sche. for \u00fee same \u00feing\n songe \u00feou a lytel here byforne {and} byweyledest {and}\n byweptest. \u00feat only men weren put oute of \u00fee cure of 644\n god. \u00b6 For of alle o\u00feer \u00feinges \u00feou ne doutest nat\n \u00feat \u00feei nere gouerned by reso{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Still thou seemest to labour under some defect even in\n this conviction.]\n\n but how (.i. pape.).\n I wondre gretly certes whi \u00feat \u00feou art seek. si\u00feen \u00feou\n art put in to so holesom a sentence. but lat vs seken 648\n depper. I coniecte \u00feat \u00feere lakke\u00fe I not what. [[pg 27]]\n\n [Sidenote: Tell me how the world is governed.]\n\n but sey me \u00feis. si\u00feen \u00feat \u00feou ne doutest nat \u00fe{a}t \u00feis worlde\n be gouerned by god \u00b6 wi\u00fe swycche gouernailes takest\n \u00feou hede \u00feat it is gouerned.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I do not thoroughly comprehend your question.]\n\n \u00b6 vnne\u00fe q{uod} .I. knowe 652\n .I. \u00fee sente{n}ce of \u00fei q{ue}stiou{n}. so \u00feat I ne may nat\n \u021dit answeren to \u00fei demaundes.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I was not deceived, then, when I said there was\n some defect in thy sentiment.]\n\n \u00b6 I nas nat deceiued\n q{uod} sche \u00feat \u00feere ne faile\u00fe su{m}what. by whiche \u00fee\n maladie of p{er}turbac{i}ou{n} is crept in to \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt. so 656\n as \u00fee streng\u00fee of \u00fee paleys schynyng is open.\n\n [Sidenote: Tell me what is the chief end of all things; and\n whither all things tend.]\n\n \u00b6 But\n seye me \u00feis reme{m}brest \u00feou ou\u021dt what is \u00fee ende of\n \u00fei \u00feinges. whider \u00feat \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n} of al kynde tende\u00fe.\n \u00b6 I haue herd told it somtyme q{uod} .I. but drerynesse 660\n ha\u00fe dulled my memorie. \u00b6 Certys q{uod} sche\n \u00feou wost wel whe{n}nes \u00feat alle \u00feinges ben comen {and}\n p{ro}ceded.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ God is the beginning of all things.]\n\n I wot wel q{uod} .I. {and} ansewered[e] \u00feat\n god is \u00fee bygynnyng of al.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ How, then, art thou ignorant of their end?]\n\n \u00b6 And how may \u00feis be 664\n q{uod} sche \u00feat si\u00feen \u00fe{o}u knowest \u00fee bygynnyng of\n \u00feinges. \u00feat \u00feou ne knowest not what is \u00fee endyng of\n \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: But it is the nature of these perturbations (which thou\n endurest) to unsettle men\u2019s minds.]\n\n but swiche ben \u00fee customes of p{er}turbac{i}ou{n}s.\n {and} \u00feis power \u00feei han. \u00feat \u00feei may moeue a ma{n} fro 668\n hys place. \u00feat is to seyne from \u00fee stablenes {and} p{er}fecc{i}ou{n}\n of hys knowyng. but certys \u00feei may not al\n arace hym ne alyene hy{m} in al. \u00b6 But I wolde \u00feat\n \u00feou woldest answere to \u00feis.\n\n [Sidenote: Dost thou remember that thou art a man?]\n\n \u00b6 Remembrest \u00feou \u00feat 672\n \u00feou art a man\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Certainly I do.]\n\n \u00b6\u00a0_Boice._ \u00b6 Whi scholde I nat remembre\n \u00feat q{uod} .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ What is man?]\n\n _Philosophie._ \u00b6 Maiste \u00feou not telle\n me \u00fean q{uod} sche what \u00feing is a man.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ If you ask me whether I am a rational and mortal\n creature, I know and confess I am.]\n\n \u00b6 Axest not\n me q{uod} I. whe\u00feir \u00feat be a resonable best mortel. I 676\n wot wel {and} I confesse wel \u00feat I am it.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ But dost thou not know that thou art more than\n this?]\n\n \u00b6 Wistest\n \u00feou neuer \u021dit \u00feat \u00feou were ony o\u00feer \u00feing q{uod} she.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 630 _wolt \u00feou_--woltow\n _stat_--estat\n 633 _atte_--at\n _wilt_--wolt\n 635 _worlde_--world\n _foolisshe_--foolyssh\n 636 _fortunes_--fortunows\n 638 _scholde_--sholden\n 639 _wot_--MS. wote, C. woot\n 641 _my\u021dt[e] putte_--myhte put\n 644 _put_--MS. putte\n 645 _doutest_--dowtedest\n 646 _how_--owh\n 647 _seek si\u00feen_--syk{e} syn\n 648 _put_--MS. putte, C. put\n 649 _depper_--depper{e}\n _not what_--not ner{e} what\n 650 _si\u00feen_--syn\n _worlde_--world\n 651 _takest \u00feou_--takestow\n 658 _seye_--sey\n _remembrest \u00feou_--remenbres thow\n _ou\u021dt_--omitted\n 659 _al_--alle\n 660 _herd told_--MS. herde tolde\n _herd told it_--herd yt toold\n 661 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 663 _proceded_--procedeth\n _ansewered[e]_--answerede\n 664 _\u00fee_--omitted\n _al_--alle\n 665 _si\u00feen_--syn\n 668 _fro_--owt of\n 669 _seyne from_--seyn fro\n 672 _Remembrest \u00feou_--Remenbresthow\n 674 _Maiste \u00feou_--Maysthow\n 675 _\u00fean_--\u00feanne\n _\u00feing_--thinge\n _Axest_--Axestow\n 677 _Wistest \u00feou_--wystesthow\n 678 _\u00feing_--thinge]\n\n [[pg 28]]\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS NEEDS LIGHT REMEDIES.]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No.]\n\n No q{uod} .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Now I know the principal cause of thy distemper.]\n\n now wot I q{uod} she o\u00feer cause of \u00fei\n maladie {and} \u00feat ry\u021dt grete \u00b6 \u00deou hast left forto 680\n knowe \u00fei self what \u00feou art. \u00feoru\u021d whiche I haue pleynelyche\n knowen \u00fee cause of \u00fei maladie. or ellis \u00fee\n entre of recoueryng of \u00fein hele.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou hast lost the knowledge of thyself, thou knowest\n not the end of things, and hast forgotten how the world is\n governed.]\n\n \u00b6 Forwhy for \u00feou\n art co{n}founded wi\u00fe for\u021detyng of \u00fei self. for\u00fei sorwest 684\n \u00feou \u00feat \u00feou art exiled of \u00fei p{ro}pre goodes. \u00b6 And\n for \u00feou ne wost what is \u00fee ende of \u00feinges. for[\u00fei] demest\n [\u00feou] \u00feat felono{us} {and} wikked men ben my\u021dty {and} weleful\n for \u00feou hast for\u021deten by whiche gouernement\u021d \u00fee worlde 688\n is gouerned. \u00b6 For\u00fei wenest \u00feou \u00feat \u00feise mutac{i}ou{n}s\n of fortune fleten wi\u00fe oute{n} gouerno{ur}.\n\n [Sidenote: These are not only great occasions of disease, but also\n causes of death itself.]\n\n \u00feise ben grete\n causes not oonly to maladie. but certes grete causes to\n dee\u00fe\n\n [Sidenote: I thank God that Reason hath not wholly deserted thee.]\n\n \u00b6 But I \u00feanke \u00fee auctour {and} \u00fee makere of 692\n heele \u00feat nat{ur}e ha\u00fe not al forleten \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: I have some hope of thy recovery since thou believest\n that the world is under Divine Providence, for this small spark\n shall produce vital heat.]\n\n {and} I haue\n g[r]ete norissinges of \u00fei hele. {and} \u00feat is \u00fee so\u00fee sentence\n of gou{er}nau{n}ce of \u00fee worlde.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 8 _b_.]]\n\n \u00feat \u00feou byleuest\n \u00feat \u00fee gou{er}nynge of it nis nat subgit ne vnderput 696\n to \u00fee folie *of \u00feise happes auenterouses. but to \u00fee\n resou{n} of god \u00b6 And \u00feer fore doute \u00fee no\u00feing.\n For of \u00feis litel spark \u00feine heet of lijf schal shine.\n\n [Sidenote: But as this is not the time for stronger remedies, and\n because it is natural to embrace false opinions so soon as we have\n laid aside the true, from whence arises a mist that darkens the\n understanding, I shall endeavour therefore to dissipate these\n vapours so that you may perceive the true light.]\n\n \u00b6 But\n for as muche as it is not tyme \u021ditte of fastere remedies 700\n \u00b6 And \u00fee nature of \u00feou\u021dtes disseiued is \u00feis \u00feat as ofte\n as \u00feei casten aweye so\u00fee opyniou{n}s: \u00feei clo\u00feen hem in\n fals[e] opiniou{n}s. [of which{e} false opyniou{n}s] \u00fee derknesse\n of p{er}turbac{i}ou{n} wexe\u00fe vp. \u00feat comfounde\u00fe \u00fee verray 704\n insy\u021dt. {and} \u00feat derkenes schal .I. say somwhat to\n maken \u00fei{n}ne {and} wayk by ly\u021dt {and} meenelyche remedies.\n so \u00feat after \u00feat \u00fee derknes of desseyuynge\n desyrynges is don awey. \u00feou mow[e] knowe \u00fee schynyng 708\n of verray ly\u021dt.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 680 _hast left_--MS. haste lefte, C. hast left\n 681 _knowe_--knowen\n _pleynelyche knowen_--pleynly fwonde [=\u00a0founde]\n 684 _sorwest \u00feou_--sorwistow\n 686 _for[\u00fei] demest [\u00feou]_--For thy demesthow\n 687 _wikked_--MS. wilked, C. wykkyd\n 688 _worlde_--world\n 689 _wenest \u00feou_--wenestow\n 690 _outen_--owte\n 693 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _al_--alle\n 694 _\u00fei_--thin\n 696 _vnderput_--vndyrputte\n 697 _to_ (2)--omitted\n 698 _fore_--for\n _no\u00feing_--nothinge\n 699 _spark \u00feine heet_--sparke thin hete\n 700 _muche_--meche\n 702 _aweye_--away\n 703 [_of----opyniouns_]--from C.\n 705 _insy\u021dt_--insyhte\n _say_--assaye\n 706 _ly\u021dt_--lyhte\n 708 _don_--MS. don{e}\n _mow[e]_--mowe]\n\n [[pg 29]]\n [Headnote:\n HE IS NOT TO TAKE HIS LOSSES TO HEART.]\n\nNUBIB{US} ATRIS CONDITA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The seuende Metyr.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Black clouds obscure the light of the stars.]\n\n ++\u00deE sterres cou{er}ed wi\u00fe blak[e] cloudes ne mowen\n geten a dou{n} no ly\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: If the south wind renders the sea tempestuous, the\n waves, fouled with mud, will lose their glassy clearness.]\n\n \u021cif \u00fee trouble wy{n}de \u00feat\n hy\u021dt auster stormynge {and} walwy{n}g \u00fee see medle\u00fe \u00fee 712\n heete \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee boylyng vp from \u00fee botme\n \u00b6 \u00dee wawes \u00fe{a}t somtyme weren clere as glas {and}\n lyke to \u00fee fair[e] bry\u021dt[e] dayes wi\u00festant anon \u00fee\n sy\u021dtes of men. by \u00fee fil\u00fee {and} ordure \u00feat is resolued. 716\n {and} \u00fee fletyng streme \u00feat royle\u00fe dou{n} dyuersely fro\n hey\u021de mou{n}taignes is arestid {and} resisted ofte tyme\n by \u00fee encountrynge of a stoon \u00fe{a}t is dep{ar}tid {and}\n fallen from some roche. 720\n\n [Sidenote: If thou wouldst see truth by the clearest light, pursue\n the path of right.]\n\n \u00b6 And for\u00fei yif \u00feou wilt\n loken {and} demen so\u00fee wi\u00fe clere ly\u021dt. {and} holde \u00fee\n weye wi\u00fe a ry\u021dt pa\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: Away with joy, fear, hope, and sorrow.]\n\n \u00b6 Weyue \u00feou ioie. drif fro \u00fee\n drede. fleme \u00feou hope. ne lat no sorwe ap{ro}che.\n\n [Sidenote: Let none of these passions cloud thy mind.]\n\n \u00feat is\n to sein lat noon of \u00feise four passiou{n}s ouer come \u00fee. 724\n or blynde \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: Where these things control, the soul is bound by strong\n fetters.]\n\n for cloudy {and} dirke is \u00feilk \u00feou\u021dt {and}\n bounde w{i}t{h} bridles. where as \u00feise \u00feinges regnen.\n\n EXPLICIT LIBER PRIMUS.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 710 _blak[e]_--blake\n 712 _stormynge_--turnyng\n 713 _from_--fro\n 714 _somtyme_--whilom\n 715 _lyke_--lyk\n _fair[e]----wi\u00festant_ (MS. wi\u00festante)--fayr{e} cleer{e} dayes\n {and} brihte withstand\n 716 _sy\u021dtes_--syhtes\n 717 _streme_--strem\n 718 _hey\u021de_--hy\n 720 _from some_--fram som\n _wilt_--wolt\n 721 _so\u00fee_--soth\n _clere_--cleer\n _holde_--holden\n 722 _weye_--wey\n _pa\u00fee_--paath\n 724 _come_--comen\n 725 _blynde_--blende\n _\u00feilk_--thilke]\n\n\n\n\n [Headnote:\n PHILOSOPHY EXHIBITS TO BOETHIUS THE WILES OF FORTUNE.]\n\nINCIPIT LIBER SECUNDUS.\n\n\nPOSTEA [PAU]LISPER CONTICUIT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrst p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy exhorts Boethius not to torment himself on\n account of his losses.]\n\n ++After \u00feis she stynte a litel. and after \u00feat she hadde\n gadred by atempre stillenesse myn attenciou{n} she 728\n seide \u00feus.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou art, she says, affected by the loss of thy former\n fortune.]\n\n \u00b6 As who so my\u021dt[e] seye \u00feus. After \u00feise\n \u00feinges she stynt[e] a lytel. {and} whanne she ap{er}ceiued[e]\n by atempre stillenesse \u00feat I was ententif to\n herkene hire. she bygan to speke in \u00feis wyse. \u00b6 Yif 732\n I q{uod} she haue vnderstonde{n} {and} knowe vtterly \u00fee [[pg 30]]\n causes {and} \u00fee habit of \u00fei maladie. \u00feou languissed {and}\n art deffeted for talent {and} desijr of \u00fei ra\u00feer fortune.\n\n [Sidenote: It hath perverted thy faculties.]\n\n \u00b6 She \u00feat ilke fortune only \u00feat is chaunged as \u00feou 736\n feinest to \u00fee ward. ha\u00fe p{er}uerted \u00fee clerenesse {and} \u00fee\n astat of \u00fei corage.\n\n [Sidenote: I am well acquainted with all the wiles of that Prodigy\n (_i.\u00a0e._ Fortune).]\n\n \u00b6 I vnderstonde \u00fee felefolde\n colo{ur} {and} deceites of \u00feilke merueillous monstre fortune.\n and how she vse\u00fe ful flatryng familarite wi\u00fe hem 740\n \u00feat she enforce\u00fe to bygyle. so longe til \u00feat she co{n}founde\n wi\u00fe vnsuffreable sorwe hem \u00feat she ha\u00fe left\n in despeir vnpurueyed.\n\n [Sidenote: Though she has left thee, thou hast not lost anything\n of beauty or of worth.]\n\n \u00b6 and if \u00feou remembrest wel\n \u00fee kynde \u00fee maners {and} \u00fee desert of \u00feilke fortune. \u00feow 744\n shalt wel knowe as in hir \u00feou neuer ne haddest ne\n hast ylost any fair \u00feing. But as I trowe I shal not\n gretly trauaile to don \u00fee remembren of \u00feise \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou wert once proof against her allurements.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feou were wont to hurtlen [{and} despysen] hir 748\n wi\u00fe manly wordes whan she was blaundissinge {and}\n presente {and} p{ur}sewedest hir wi\u00fe sentences \u00feat were\n drawe{n} oute of myne entre. \u00feat is to seyne out of\n myn i{n}formac{i}ou{n}\n\n [Sidenote: But sudden change works a great alteration in the minds\n of men, hence it is that thou art departed from thy usual peace of\n mind.]\n\n \u00b6 But no sudeyne mutac{i}ou{n} ne 752\n bytide\u00fe nat wi\u00fe oute{n} a maner chau{n}gyng of curages.\n and so is it byfallen \u00feat \u00feou art dep{ar}ted a litel fro\n \u00fee pees of \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: But with some gentle emollients I shall prepare thee\n for stronger medicines.]\n\n but now is tyme \u00feat \u00feou drynke\n {and} atast[e] some softe {and} delitable \u00feinges. so \u00feat whan 756\n \u00feei ben entred wi\u00fe i{n}ne \u00fee. it mow make weye to\n strenger drynkes of medycynes.\n\n [Sidenote: Approach then, Rhetoric, with thy persuasive charms,\n and therewith let Music also draw near.]\n\n \u00b6 Com nowe fur\u00fee\n \u00feerfore \u00fee suasiou{n} of swetnesse Rethoryen. whiche\n \u00feat go\u00fe oonly \u00fee ry\u021dt wey whil she forsake\u00fe not myne 760\n estatut\u021d. \u00b6 And wi\u00fe Rethorice com for\u00fee musice a\n damoisel of oure house \u00feat synge\u00fe now ly\u021dter moedes\n or p{ro}lac{i}ou{n}s now heuyer. [[pg 31]]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 9.]]\n\n *what ayle\u00fe \u00fee man. what\n is it \u00feat ha\u00fe cast \u00fee in to murnyng {and} in to wepyng. 764\n I trow[e] \u00feat \u00feou hast sen some newe \u00feing {and} uncou\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou thinkest that Fortune is changed towards thee.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deou wenest \u00feat fortune be chaunged a\u021deins \u00fee\n\n [Sidenote: But thou art deceived.]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00feou wenest wrong. yif \u00feou [\u00feat] wene.\n\n [Sidenote: In this misadventure of thine she hath preserved her\n constancy in changing.]\n\n Alwey \u00feo ben hire maners. she ha\u00fe ra\u00feer [kept] as to 768\n \u00fee ward hire p{ro}pre stablenes in \u00fee chaungyng of hyre\n self. \u00b6 Ry\u021dt swyche was she whan she flatered[e]\n \u00fee. {and} desseiued[e] \u00fee wi\u00fe vnleueful lykynges of\n false welefulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: You have seen the double face of this blind divinity.]\n\n \u00feou hast now knowen {and} ataynt 772\n \u00fee doutous or double visage of \u00feilke blynde goddesse\n fortune. \u00b6 She \u00feat \u021dit couere\u00fe hir {and} wymple\u00fe hir\n to o\u00feer folk. ha\u00fe shewed hir euerydel to \u00fee. \u00b6 \u021cif\n \u00feou app{ro}uest hir {and} \u00feenkest \u00feat she is good. vse 776\n hir maners {and} pleyne \u00fee nat.\n\n [Sidenote: If thou dost abhor her perfidy cast her off, for her\n sports are dangerous.]\n\n \u00b6 And if \u00feou agrisest\n hir fals[e] trecherie. dispise {and} cast aweye hir \u00feat\n pleye\u00fe so harmefully. for she \u00feat is now cause of so\n myche sorwe to \u00fee. sholde be to \u00fee cause of pees {and} 780\n [of] ioie. \u00b6 she ha\u00fe forsaken \u00fee forso\u00fee. \u00fee whiche\n \u00feat neuer man may be syker \u00feat she ne shal forsake\n hym. _Glose._ \u00b6 But na\u00feeles some bookes han \u00fee text\n \u00feus. For so\u00fee she ha\u00fe forsaken \u00fee ne \u00feer nis no man 784\n syker \u00feat she ne ha\u00fe not forsaken.\n\n [Sidenote: Is that happiness which is so transient?]\n\n \u00b6 Holdest \u00feou\n \u00fean \u00feilke welefulnesse p{re}ciouse to \u00fee \u00feat shal passen.\n\n [Sidenote: Is the attendance of Fortune so dear to thee, whose\n stay is so uncertain, and whose removal causes such grief?]\n\n {and} is p{re}sent fortune derwor\u00fei to \u00fee. whiche \u00feat nis\n not fei\u00feful forto dwelle. {and} whan she go\u00fe aweye \u00feat 788\n she brynge\u00fe a wy\u021dt in sorwe \u00b6 For syn she may nat\n be wi\u00feholde{n} at a mans wille. she make\u00fe hym a wrecche\n whe{n} she dep{ar}te\u00fe fro hym.\n\n [Sidenote: What is she (Fortune) but the presage of future\n calamity?]\n\n \u00b6 What o\u00feer \u00feing is\n flitti{n}g fortune but a manere shewyng of wrycchednesse [[pg 32]]\n \u00feat is to comen. ne it ne suffri\u00fe nat oo[n]ly to loken 793\n of \u00feing \u00feat is p{re}sent byforne \u00fee eyen of man. but\n wisdom loke\u00fe {and} mesure\u00fe \u00fee ende of \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Her mutability should make men neither fear her threats\n nor desire her favours.]\n\n {and} \u00fee\n same chau{n}gyng from one to an o\u00feer. \u00feat is to seyne 796\n fro aduersite to p{ro}sperite make\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee manaces of\n fortune ne ben not forto dreden. ne \u00fee flatrynges of\n hir to ben desired. \u00b6 \u00deus atte \u00fee last it byhoue\u00fe \u00fee\n to suffren wi\u00fe euene wille in pacience al \u00feat is don 800\n inwi\u00fe \u00fee floor of fortune. \u00feat is to seyne in \u00feis worlde.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 727 _she_ (2)--I\n 729 _my\u021dt[e] seye_--myht{e} seyn\n 730 _stynt[e]_--stynte\n 732 _hire_--here\n 733 _knowe vtterly_--knowen owtrely\n 734 _languissed_--languyssest\n 737 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 738 _astat_--estat\n _felefolde_--feelefold\n 739 _colour_--colours\n _deceites_ (MS. decrites)--deceytes\n _merueillous_--meruayles\n 742 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 743 _if_--yif\n 746 _any_ (MS. my)--any\n _\u00feing_--thinge\n 747 _trauaile_--travaylen\n _don_--do\n _remembren of_--remenbre on\n 748 [_and despysen_]--from C.\n 749 _was_--omitted\n 750 _were_--weren\n 751 _myne_--myn\n _seyne_--sayn\n 752 _sudeyne_--sodeyn\n 753 _outen_--owte\n 757 _inne_--in\n _mow----weye_--mowe maken way\n 758 _strenger_--strengere\n _Com nowe fur\u00fee_--MS. Come; C. Com now forth\n 760 _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee\n 761 _com_--MS. come, C. com\n 762 _house_--hows\n _ly\u021dter_--lyhter{e}\n 763 _prolaciouns_--p{ro}basyons\n _heuyer_--heuyer{e}\n _ayle\u00fe_--eyleth\n 765 _trow[e]_--trowe\n _sen_--MS. sene, C. seyn\n _some_--som\n _\u00feing_--thinge\n _uncou\u00fee_--vnkowth\n 766 _a\u021deins_--ayein\n 767 _wenest_--weenes\n [_\u00feat_]--C. that\n 768 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n [_kept_]--from C.\n 769 _stablenes in \u00fee_--stabylnesse standeth in the\n 770 _swyche_--swich\n 771 _vnleueful_--vnlefful\n 775 _ha\u00fe_--MS. had, C. hat\n 776 _good_--MS. goode, C. god\n 777 _agrisest_--MS. agrised, C. agrysyst\n 778 _fals[e]_--false\n 780 _myche_--mochel\n 781 [_of_]--from C.\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 783 _text_--texte\n 784 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 785 _forsaken_--forsake\n _Holdest \u00feou_--holdestow\n 786 _\u00fean_--thanne\n _preciouse_--p{re}syes\n 787 _derwor\u00fei_--dereworthe\n _whiche_--which\n 788 _fei\u00feful_--feythfulle\n _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee\n _aweye_--awey\n 790 _mans_--mannys\n 791 _when_--wan\n _\u00feing_--thinge\n 793 _suffri\u00fe_--suffiseth\n 794 _of \u00feing_--on thynge\n _byforne_--MS. byforne byforne\n _man_--a man\n 795 _mesure\u00fe_--amesureth\n 796 _from one_--fram oon\n _seyne_--seyn\n 797 _fro_--from\n _to_--into\n 799 _atte \u00fee last_--at the laste]\n\n [Headnote:\n PHILOSOPHY EXPOSTULATES WITH BOETHIUS.]\n\n [Sidenote: If you submit to her yoke you must patiently endure her\n inflictions.]\n\n \u00b6 Sy\u00feen \u00feou hast oones put \u00fei nekke vnder \u00fee \u021dokke\n of hir. for if \u00feou wilt write a lawe of wendyng {and} of\n dwellyng to fortune whiche \u00feat \u00feou hast chosen frely 804\n to be \u00fei lady\n\n [Sidenote: Impatience will only embitter your loss.]\n\n \u00b6 Art \u00feou nat wrongful in \u00feat {and}\n makest fortune wro\u00fee {and} asp{er}e by \u00fein inpacience.\n {and} \u021dit \u00feou mayst not chaungen hir.\n\n [Sidenote: You cannot choose your port if you leave your vessel to\n the mercy of the winds.]\n\n \u00b6 Yif \u00feou co{m}mittest\n [{and}] bitakest \u00fei sayles to \u00fee wynde. \u00feou shalt 808\n be shouen not \u00feider \u00feat \u00feou woldest(:) but whider \u00feat\n \u00fee wy{n}de shoue\u00fe \u00fee \u00b6 Yif \u00feou castest \u00fei seedes in \u00fee\n feldes \u00feou sholdest haue in mynde \u00feat \u00fee \u021deres ben\n o\u00feer while plenteuous {and} o\u00fe{er} while bareyne.\n\n [Sidenote: You have given yourself up to Fortune; it becomes you\n therefore to obey her commands.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deou 812\n hast bytaken \u00feiself to \u00fee gouernaunce of fortune.\n {and} for\u00fei it byhoue\u00fe \u00fee to ben obeisaunt to \u00fee manere\n of \u00fei lady.\n\n [Sidenote: Would you stop the rolling of her wheel?]\n\n and enforcest \u00feou \u00fee to aresten or wi\u00festonden\n \u00fee swyftnesse {and} \u00fee sweyes of hir to{ur}nyng 816\n whele.\n\n [Sidenote: Fool! if Fortune once became stable she would cease to\n exist.]\n\n \u00b6 O \u00feou fool of alle mortel fooles if fortune\n bygan to dwelle stable. she cesed[e] \u00fean to ben fortune.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 801 _seyne_--seyn\n _worlde_--world\n 802 _Sy\u00feen_--Syn\n _\u021dokke_--yok{e}\n 803 _if_--yif\n _write_--wryten\n 804 _whiche_--which\n 805 _lady_--ladye\n _Art \u00feou_--Artow\n 806 _wro\u00fee_--wroth\n _\u00fein_--thine\n 807 _chaungen_--chaunge\n 808 [_and_]--from C.\n 809 _\u00feider_--thedyr\n _whider_--whedyr\n 811 _haue_--han\n 814 _manere_--maneres\n 815 {and}--omitted\n _wi\u00festonden_--withholden\n 816 _sweyes_--swey\u021d\n 818 _cesed[e]_--cesede]\n\n\n [[pg 33]]\n [Headnote:\n THE INCONSTANCY OF FORTUNE.]\n\nHEC CUM SUPERBA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrst met{ur}.]\n\n [Sidenote: Fortune is as inconstant as the ebb and flow of\n Euripus.]\n\n ++Whan fortune wi\u00fe a proude ry\u021dt hande ha\u00fe turnid\n hir chau{n}gyng stoundes she fare\u00fe lyke \u00fee maners 820\n of \u00fee boillyng eurippe. _Glose._ Eurippe is an arme of\n \u00fee see \u00fe{a}t ebbith {and} flowi\u00fe. {and} somtyme \u00fee streme\n is on one syde {and} somtyme on \u00feat o\u00feer. _Texte_\n\n [Sidenote: She hurls kings from their thrones, and exalts the\n captive.]\n\n \u00b6 She\n cruel fortune kaste\u00fe adoune kynges \u00feat somtyme weren 824\n ydred. {and} she deceiuable enhau{n}seth vp \u00fee humble\n chere of hym \u00feat is discomfited.\n\n [Sidenote: She turns a deaf ear to the tears and cries of the\n wretched.]\n\n {and} she ney\u00feer here\u00fe\n ne recche\u00fe of wrecched[e] wepynges. {and} she is so harde\n \u00feat she lau\u021de\u00fe {and} scorne\u00fe \u00fee wepyng of hem \u00fee whiche 828\n she ha\u00fe maked wepe wi\u00fe hir free wille.\n\n [Sidenote: Thus she sports and boasts her power and presents a\n marvel to her servants if, in the space of an hour, a man is\n hurled from happiness into adversity.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00deus she\n pleye\u00fe {and} \u00fe{us} she p{re}ue\u00fe hir streng\u00fee {and} shewe\u00fe a\n grete wondre to alle hir seruau{n}t\u021d. \u00b6 Yif \u00feat a wy\u021dt\n is seyn weleful {and} ou{er}\u00ferowe in an houre. 832\n\n [Linenotes:\n 819 _proude_--prowd\n _hande_--hand\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 820 _lyke_--lik\n 821 _arme_--arm\n 822 _streme_--strem\n 823 _one_--o\n 821 _adoune_--adown\n _somtyme_--whilom\n 825 _ydred_ (MS. _ydredde_)--ydrad\n _humble_--vmble\n 827 _recche\u00fe_--rekke\u00fe\n _wrecched[e]_--wrecchede\n _harde_--hard\n 828 _lau\u021de\u00fe_--lyssheth\n _wepyng_--wepynges\n 830 _streng\u00fee_--strengthes]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n PROSPERITY DOES NOT CONSTITUTE FELICITY.]\n\nVELLEM AUTE{M} PAUCA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The secunde p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy expostulates with Boethius in the name of\n Fortune.]\n\n ++CErtis I wolde plete wi\u00fe \u00feee a fewe \u00feinges vsynge\n \u00fee wordes of fortune tak heede now \u00fei self. yif \u00fe{a}t\n she axe\u00fe ry\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: Why do you accuse me (Fortune) as guilty?]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 9 _b_.]]\n\n *\u00b6 O \u00feou man wher fore makest \u00feou\n me gilty by \u00feine euerydayes pleynynges. what wronges 836\n haue I don \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: What goods or advantages have I deprived you of?]\n\n what goodes haue I byreft \u00fee \u00feat weren\n \u00feine. stryf or plete wi\u00fe me by fore what iuge \u00feat \u00feou\n wilt of \u00fee possessiou{n} of rycchesse or of dignites\n\n [Sidenote: Can you prove that ever any man had a fixed property in\n his riches?]\n\n \u00b6 And\n yif \u00feou maist shewe me \u00feat euer any mortal man ha\u00fe 840\n receyued any of \u00feese \u00feinges to ben his in p{ro}pre. \u00fean\n wol I graunt[e] frely \u00feat [alle] \u00feilke \u00feinges were{n} \u00feine\n whiche \u00feat \u00feou axest.\n\n [Sidenote: You came naked into the world, and I cherished you and\n encompassed you with affluence.]\n\n \u00b6 Whan \u00feat nature brou\u021dt[e] \u00fee\n for\u00fee out of \u00fei moder wombe. I receyued[e] \u00fee naked 844\n {and} nedy of al \u00feing. {and} I norysshed[e] \u00fee wi\u00fe my [[pg 34]]\n rychesse. {and} was redy {and} ententif \u00feo{ru}\u021d my fauo{ur} to\n sustene \u00fee. \u00b6 And \u00feat make\u00fe \u00fee now i{n}pacient a\u021deins\n me. {and} I envirounde \u00fee wi\u00fe al \u00fee habundaunce {and} 848\n shinyng of al goodes \u00feat ben in my ry\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: Now that I have a mind to withdraw my bounty, be\n thankful and complain not.]\n\n \u00b6 Now it\n lyke\u00fe me to wi\u00fe drawe myne hande. \u00feou hast had grace\n as he \u00feat ha\u00fe vsed of foreyne goodes. \u00feou hast no ry\u021dt to\n pleyne \u00fee. as \u00feou\u021d \u00feou haddest vtterly lorn alle \u00fei 852\n \u00feinges. whi pleynest \u00feou \u00fean. I haue don \u00fee no wrong.\n\n [Sidenote: Riches and honours are subject to me.]\n\n Ricches hono{ur}es {and} swyche o\u00feer \u00feinges ben of my\n ry\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: They are my servants, and come and go with me.]\n\n \u00b6 My seruauntes knowen me for hir lady. \u00feei\n comen wi\u00fe me {and} dep{ar}ten whan I wende. I dar wel 856\n affermen hardyly. \u00feat yif \u00feo \u00feinges of whiche \u00feou\n pleynest \u00feat \u00feou hast forlorn hadde ben \u00feine. \u00feou ne\n haddest not lorn he{m}.\n\n [Sidenote: Shall I alone be forbidden to use my own right?]\n\n \u00b6 shal I \u00fean only be defended\n to vse my ry\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: Doth not heaven give us sunny days and obscure the same\n with dark nights?]\n\n \u00b6 Certis it is leueful to \u00fee heuene to 860\n make clere dayes. {and} after \u00feat to keuere \u00fee same dayes\n wi\u00fe derke ny\u021dtes.\n\n [Sidenote: Is not the earth covered with frost as well as with\n flowers?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00dee er\u00fee ha\u00fe eke leue to apparaile\n \u00fee visage of \u00fee er\u00fee now w{i}t{h} floures {and} now wi\u00fe\n fruyt. {and} to confounde he{m} so{m}tyme wi\u00fe raynes {and} 864\n wi\u00fe coldes.\n\n [Sidenote: The sea sometimes appears calm, and at other times\n terrifies us with its tempestuous waves.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00dee see ha\u00fe eke hys ry\u021dt to be somtyme\n calme {and} blaundyshing wi\u00fe smo\u00fee water. {and}\n somtyme to be horrible wi\u00fe wawes {and} wi\u00fe tempestes.\n\n [Sidenote: Shall I be bound to constancy by the covetousness of\n men?]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00fee couetyse of men \u00feat may not be staunched 868\n shal it bynde me to be stedfast. syn \u00feat stedfastnesse\n is vnkou\u00fe to my maneres. \u00b6 Swyche is my streng\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: I turn my rolling wheel and amuse myself with exalting\n what was low, and bringing down what was high.]\n\n {and} \u00feis pley. I pley[e] co{n}tinuely. I tourne \u00fee whirly{n}g\n whele wi\u00fe \u00fee tournyng cercle \u00b6 I am glade to chaunge 872\n \u00fee lowest to \u00fee heyeste. {and} \u00fee heyest to \u00fee loweste.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 833 _plete_--pleten\n 834 _tak_--MS. take, C. tak\n 835 _makest \u00feou_--makes thow\n 836 _wronges_--wro{n}ge\n 837 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n _byreft_--MS. byrefte, C. byreft\n 838 _stryf_--MS. stryue, C. stryf\n _plete_--pleten\n _by fore_--by forn\n 839 _wilt_--wolt\n _rycchesse_--rychesses\n 840 _shewe_--shewyn\n _euer_--eu{er}e\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 841 _\u00feese_--tho\n _his_--hise\n 842 _graunt[e]_--grau{n}te\n [_alle_]--from C.\n 845 _al \u00feing_--alle thinges\n _norysshed[e]_--noryssede\n 846 _rychesse_--rychesses\n 848, 849 _al_--alle\n 848 _habundaunce_--abou{n}dau{n}ce\n 850 _wi\u00fe----hande_--withdrawen myn hand\n _had_--MS. hadde, C. had\n 851 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 852 _vtterly_--outrely\n _lorn_--MS. lorne, C. for lorn.\n 853 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 854 _Ricches_--Rychesses\n 858 _forlorn_--MS. forlorne, C. forlorn\n 859 _lorn_--MS. lorne, C. lorn\n 860 _vse_--vsen\n 861 _keuere \u00fee_--coeu{er}yn tho\n 862 _derke_--dirk\n _er\u00fee_--yer\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 864 _confounde_--co{n}fownden\n 865 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 866 _calme_--kalm\n 867 (2nd) _wi\u00fe_--omitted\n 869 _stedfast_--stidefast\n _stedfastnesse_--stidefastnesse\n 870 _vnkou\u00fe_--MS. vnkou\u00fee, C. vnkowth\n _Swyche_--Swych\n 871 _pley[e]_--pleye\n 872 _whele_--wheel\n _glade_--glad\n _chaunge_--chaungy{n}]\n\n [[pg 35]]\n [Headnote:\n BE SUBJECT TO FORTUNE\u2019S CHANGES.]\n\n [Sidenote: Ascend if you will, but come down when my sport\n requires it.]\n\n wor\u00fee vp yif \u00feou wilt. so it be by \u00feis lawe. \u00feat \u00feou\n ne holde not \u00feat I do \u00fee wronge \u00feou\u021d \u00feou descende\n dou{n} whanne resou{n} of my pleye axe\u00fe it.\n\n [Sidenote: Know you not the history of Cr\u0153sus and of Paulus\n \u00c6milius?]\n\n Wost \u00feou 876\n not how Cresus kyng of lyndens of whiche kyng Cir{us}\n was ful sore agast a litel byforne \u00feat \u00feis rewlyche\n Cresus was cau\u021dt of Cirus {and} lad to \u00fee fijr to be\n brent. but \u00feat a reyne desce{n}ded[e] dou{n} from heuene 880\n \u00feat rescowed[e] hym \u00b6 And is it out of \u00fei mynde how\n \u00feat Paulus consul of Rome whan he hadde take \u00fee\n kyng of p{er}ciens weep pitou[s]ly for \u00fee captiuitee of \u00fee\n self[e] kyng.\n\n [Sidenote: What else does the weeping muse of Tragedy deplore but\n the overthrow of kingdoms by the indiscriminate strokes of\n Fortune?]\n\n What o\u00feer \u00feinges bywaylen \u00fee criinges of 884\n Tragedies. but only \u00fee dedes of fortune. \u00feat wi\u00fe an\n vnwar stroke ouert{ur}ne\u00fe \u00fee realmes of grete nobley\n \u00b6 _Glose._ Tragedie is to seyne a dite of a p{ro}sp{er}ite for\n a tyme \u00feat endi\u00fe in wrechednesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Did you not learn whilst a youth, that at the gates of\n Jove\u2019s palace stand two vessels, one full of blessings, the other\n of woes?]\n\n Lernedest nat \u00feou 888\n in grek whan \u00feou were \u021donge \u00feat in \u00fee entre or in \u00fee\n seler of Iuppiter \u00feer ben couched two tunnes. \u00feat on\n is ful of good \u00feat o\u00feer is ful of harme.\n\n [Sidenote: What if you have drunk too deep of the first vessel?]\n\n \u00b6 What ry\u021dt\n hast \u00feou to pleyne. yif \u00feou hast taken more plenteuously 892\n of \u00fee goode syde \u00feat is to seyne of my rycchesse {and}\n p{ro}sp{er}ites. {and} what eke. yif I be nat departed fro \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: My mutability gives thee hope of happier days.]\n\n What eke. yif my mutabilitee \u021diue\u00fe \u00fee ry\u021dtful cause of\n hope to han \u021dit better \u00fei{n}ges.\n\n [Sidenote: Desire not to be exempted from the vicissitudes of\n humanity.]\n\n \u00b6 Na\u00feeles desmaie \u00fee 896\n nat in \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt. and \u00fe{o}u \u00feat art put in comune realme\n of alle: ne desijr[e] nat to lyue by \u00feine oonly p{ro}pre ry\u021dt.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 874 _wor\u00fee_--worth\n _wilt_--wolt\n 876 _doun_--adou{n}\n _whanne_--wan\n _pleye_--pley\n _Wost \u00feou_--wistesthow\n 877 _kyng_ (1)--the kyng\n _lyndens_--lydyens\n 878 _byforne_--byforn\n 880 _reyne descended[e]_--rayn dessendede\n _from_--fro\n 881 _rescowed[e]_--rescowede\n 882 _take_--takyn\n 885 _an_--a\n 886 _\u00fee_--omitted\n 887 _seyne_--seyn\n 890 _tunnes_--tonnes\n 891 _harme_--harm\n 892 _hast \u00feou_--hasthow\n 893 _seyne_--seyn\n _rycchesse_--rychesses\n 894 _I be nat_--I ne be nat al\n 896 _better_--beter{e}\n 898 _lyue_--lyuen\n _\u00feine_--thin]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE COVETOUS ARE EVER DISCONTENTED.]\n\nSI Q{UA}NTAS RAPIDIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [the secu{n}de met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Though Plenty, from her teeming horn, poured down as\n many riches on the world as there are sands on the sea-shore, or\n stars in heaven, mankind would not cease to complain.]\n\n ++\u00deOu\u021d plentee \u00feat is goddesse of rycches hielde adou{n}\n wi\u00fe ful horn. {and} wi\u00fedrawe\u00fe nat hir hand. \u00b6 As 900\n many recches as \u00fee see turne\u00fe vpwardes sandes whan it\n is moeued wi\u00fe rauysshing blastes. or ellys as many [[pg 36]]\n rycches as \u00feer shynen bry\u021dt[e] sterres on heuene on \u00fee\n sterry ny\u021dt. \u021cit for al \u00feat mankynde nolde not cesce to 904\n wope wrecched[e] pleyntes.\n\n [Sidenote: Though Heaven may grant every desire, they will still\n cry for more.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 10.]]\n\n \u00b6 And al be it so *\u00feat\n god receyue\u00fe gladly her p{ra}yers {and} \u021deue\u00fe hem as ful\n large muche golde {and} app{ar}aile\u00fe coueytous folk wi\u00fe\n noble or clere hono{ur}s. \u021dit seme\u00fe hem haue I-gete no\u00feing. 908\n but alwey her cruel ravyne deuourynge al \u00feat \u00feei\n han geten shewi\u00fe o\u00feer gapinges. \u00feat is to seye gapen\n {and} desiren \u021dit after moo rycchesse.\n\n [Sidenote: What rein can restrain unbounded avarice?]\n\n \u00b6 What brideles\n my\u021dten wi\u00feholde to any certeyne ende \u00fee desordene 912\n coueitise of men \u00b6 Whan euere \u00fee ra\u00feer \u00fe{a}t it fleti\u00fe in\n large \u021diftis: \u00fee more ay brenne\u00fe in hem \u00fee \u00ferest of\n hauyng.\n\n [Sidenote: He who thinks himself poor, though he be rich, doth\n truly labour under poverty.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis he \u00feat quakyng {and} dredeful wene\u00fe\n hym seluen nedy. he ne lyue\u00fe neu{er}e mo ryche. 916\n\n [Linenotes:\n 899 _rycches_--rychesses\n 901 _recches_--rychesses\n _vpwardes_--vpward\n 902 _rauysshing_--rauyssynge\n 903 _rycches_--rychesses\n _bry\u021dt[e]_--bryhte\n _on_ (1)--in\n 904 _ny\u021dt_--nyhtes\n 905 _wope wrecched[e]_--wepe wrecchede\n 906 _her_--hir\n _ful_--fool\n 907 _muche_--meche\n _folk_--men\n 908 _haue_--hauen\n _I-gete_--I-getyn\n 909 _her_--hir\n 910 _seye_--seyn\n 911 _rycchesse_--rychesses\n 912 _wi\u00feholde_--wytholden\n _certeyne_--certeyn\n 914 _\u00ferest_--thurst\n 915 _dredeful_--dredful\n 916 _lyue\u00fe_--leueth]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS IS NOT UNHAPPY.]\n\nHIIS IGITUR SI PRO SE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The thrydde p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: If Fortune spake thus to you, you could not defend your\n complaint.]\n\n ++\u00deerfore yif \u00feat fortune spake wi\u00fe \u00fee for hir self in\n \u00feis manere. For so\u00fee \u00feou ne haddest [nat] what\n \u00feou my\u021dtest answere. and if \u00feou hast any \u00fei{n}g wherwi\u00fe.\n \u00feou mayist ry\u021dtfully tellen \u00fei co{m}pleynt. \u00b6 It 920\n byhoue\u00fe \u00fee to shewen it. {and} .I. wol \u021deue \u00fee space to\n tellen it.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What you have said is very specious, but such\n discourses are only sweet while they strike our ears.]\n\n \u00b6 Certeynely q{uod} I \u00fean \u00feise ben faire\n \u00feinges {and} enoyntid wi\u00fe hony swetnesse of rethorike\n {and} musike. {and} only while \u00feei ben herd \u00feei ben 924\n deliciouse.\n\n [Sidenote: They cannot efface the deep impressions that misery has\n made in the heart.]\n\n \u00b6 But to wrecches is a deppere felyng of\n harme. \u00feis is to seyn \u00feat wrecches felen \u00fee harmes \u00feat\n \u00feei suffren more greuously \u00fean \u00fee remedies or \u00fee delites\n of \u00feise wordes mowe gladen or comforten hem. so \u00feat 928\n whan \u00feise \u00feinges stynten forto sou{n}[e] in eres. \u00fee sorwe [[pg 37]]\n \u00feat is inset greue\u00fe \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ So it is indeed; for my arguments are not designed\n as remedies, but as lenitives only.]\n\n Ry\u021dt so is it q{uod} she.\n \u00b6 For \u00feise ne ben \u021dit none remedies of \u00fei maladie. but\n \u00feei ben a manere norissinges of \u00fei sorwe \u021dit rebel 932\n a\u021deyne \u00fei curac{i}ou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: When time serves, I will administer those things that\n shall reach the seat of your disease.]\n\n \u00b6 For whan \u00feat tyme is. I shal\n moue swiche \u00feinges \u00feat p{er}cen hem self depe.\n\n [Sidenote: But you are not among the number of the wretched.]\n\n \u00b6 But\n na\u00feeles \u00fe{a}t \u00feou shalt not wilne to leten \u00fei self a\n wrecche. \u00b6 Hast \u00feou for\u021deten \u00fee nou{m}bre {and} \u00fee 936\n manere of \u00fei welefulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: I shall not speak of your happiness in being provided\n for (in your orphanage) by the chief men of the city; nor of your\n noble alliance with Festus and Symmachus;]\n\n I holde me stille how \u00feat\n \u00fee souerayn men of \u00fee Citee toke{n} \u00fee in cure {and}\n kepynge whan \u00feou were orphelyn of fadir {and} modir.\n {and} were chosen i{n} affinite of p{r}inces of \u00fee Citee. 940\n \u00b6 And \u00feou bygu{n}ne ra\u00feer to ben leef {and} deere \u00fean\n forto ben a ney\u021dbo{ur}. \u00fee whiche \u00feing is \u00fee most p{re}ciouse\n kynde of any p{ro}pinquitee or aliau{n}ce \u00feat may\n ben. \u00b6 Who is it \u00feat ne seide \u00feou nere ry\u021dt weleful 944\n wi\u00fe so grete a nobley of \u00fei fadres in lawe.\n\n [Sidenote: nor of your virtuous wife, and manly sons.]\n\n \u00b6 {And} wi\u00fe\n \u00fee chastite of \u00fei wijf. {and} wi\u00fe \u00fee oportunite {and}\n noblesse of \u00fei masculyn children. \u00feat is to seyne \u00fei\n sones {and} ou{er} al \u00feis me lyst to passe of comune \u00feinges. 948\n \u00b6 How \u00feou haddest in \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt dignitees \u00feat weren\n warned to olde men. but it delite\u00fe me to comen now to\n \u00fee singuler vphepyng of \u00fei welefulnesse. \u00b6 Yif any\n fruyt of mortal \u00feinges may han any wey\u021dte or price of 952\n welefulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Can you ever forget the memorable day that saw your two\n sons invested with the dignity of Consuls?]\n\n \u00b6 My\u021dtest \u00feou euere for\u021deten for any\n charge of harme \u00feat my\u021dt[e] byfallen. \u00fee remembrau{n}ce\n of \u00feilke day \u00feat \u00feou sey[e] \u00fei two sones maked conseillers.\n {and} ylad to gidre from \u00fein house vndir so gret 956\n assemble of senatours. {and} vndir \u00fee bly\u00feenesse of poeple.\n {and} whan \u00feou say[e] hem sette in \u00fee court in her\n chaieres of dignites. \u00b6 \u00deou rethorien or p{ro}nou{n}cere [[pg 38]]\n of kynges p{re}ysinges. deseruedest glorie of wit {and} of 960\n eloquence.\n\n [Sidenote: When in the circus you satisfied the expectant\n multitude with a triumphal largess?]\n\n whan \u00feou sittyng bytwix \u00fei two sones conseillers\n in \u00fee place \u00feat hy\u021dt Circo. {and} fulfildest \u00fee\n abydyng of multitude of poeple \u00feat was sprad about \u00fee\n wi\u00fe large p{ra}ysynge {and} laude as me{n} syngen in victories. 964\n\n [Sidenote: By your expressions you flattered Fortune, and obtained\n from her a gift which never before fell to any private person.]\n\n \u00feo \u021daue \u00feou wordes of fortune as I trowe. \u00feat\n is to seyne. \u00feo feffedest \u00feou fortune wi\u00fe glosynge\n wordes {and} desseiuedest hir. whan she accoied[e] \u00fee\n {and} norsshed[e] \u00fee as hir owen delices. \u00b6 \u00deou hast 968\n had of fortune a \u021difte \u00feat is to seyn swiche gerdou{n}\n \u00feat she neu[er]e \u021daf to p{re}ue man\n\n [Sidenote: Will you therefore call Fortune to account?]\n\n \u00b6 Wilt \u00feou \u00feerfore\n leye a rekenyng wi\u00fe fortune.\n\n [Sidenote: She now begins, I own, to look unkindly on you; but if\n you consider the number of your blessings, you must confess that\n you are still happy.]\n\n she ha\u00fe now twynkeled\n first vpon \u00fee wi\u00fe a wykked eye. \u00b6 Yif \u00feou considere 972\n \u00fee nou{m}bre {and} \u00fee manere of \u00fei blysses. {and} of \u00fei\n sorwes.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 10 _b_.]]\n\n *\u00feou maist nat forsake \u00feat \u00feou nart \u021dit blysful.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 918 [_nat_]--from C.\n 919 _if_--yif\n 920 _mayist_--mayst\n _tellen_--defendyn\n 921 _\u021deue_--yeuyn\n 922 _\u00fean_--thanne\n _ben_--bet (=\u00a0beth)\n 923 _swetnesse_--swetenesse\n 924 _while_--whil\n _herd_--MS. herde\n 926 _harme_--harm\n 928 _mowe_--mowen\n 929 _soun[e]_-sowne\n 930 _inset_--MS. insette, C. inset\n 932 _sorwe_--sorwes\n 933 _a\u021deyne_--ayein\n 934 _moue swiche_--moeue swych\n 938 _souerayn_--sou{er}ane\n 943 _ney\u021dbour_--neysshebo{ur}\n 944 _nere_--were\n 945 _nobley_--nobleye\n _fadres_--fadyr-is\n 947 _seyne_--seyn\n 948 _lyst_--lyste\n _passe of_--passen the\n 949 _\u00feou\u021dt_--yowthe\n 950 _warned_--werned\n 952 _fruyt_--frute\n _price_--p{r}is\n 953 _My\u021dtest \u00feow_--myhtes-thow\n 954 _harme_--harm\n _my\u021dt[e] byfallen_--myhte befalle\n 955 _sey[e]_--saye\n 956 _from_--fro\n _gret_--MS. grete, C. gret\n 958 _say[e]_--saye\n _sette_--set\n _her_--heer{e}\n 961 _bytwix_--bytwyen\n 962 _hy\u021dt_--hihte\n 963 _of_ (1)--of the\n _about_--abowten\n 964 _wi\u00fe_--w{i}t{h} so\n 965 _\u021daue_--MS. \u00fean, C. yaue\n _of_--to\n 966 _seyne_--seyn\n 967 _accoied[e]_--acoyede\n 968 _norsshed[e]_--noryssede\n _owen_--owne\n _\u00feou----of_--thow bar away of\n 969 _had_--MS. hadde\n _swiche_--swich\n 970 _preue_--pryue\n 971 _leye_--lye\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 972 _wykked_--wyckede\n 973 _blysses_--blysse\n 974 _forsake_--forsakyn\n _nart_--art\n _blysful_--blysseful]\n\n [Headnote:\n ADVERSITY IS BUT TRANSIENT.]\n\n [Sidenote: These evils that you suffer are but transitory.]\n\n For if \u00feou \u00feerfore wenest \u00fei self nat weleful for \u00feinges\n \u00feat \u00feo semeden ioyful ben passed. \u00b6 \u00deer nis nat whi 976\n \u00feou sholdest wene \u00fei self a wrecche. for \u00feinges \u00feat now\n semen soory passen also. \u00b6 Art \u00feou now comen firste\n a sodeyne gest in to \u00fee shadowe or tabernacle of \u00feis\n lijf.\n\n [Sidenote: Can there be any stability in human affairs, when the\n life of man is exposed to dissolution every hour?]\n\n or trowest \u00feou \u00fe{a}t any stedfastnesse be in mannis 980\n \u00feinges. \u00b6 Whan ofte a swifte houre dissolue\u00fe \u00fee same\n man. \u00feat is to seyne whan \u00fee soule dep{ar}ti\u00fe fro \u00fee\n body. For al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat yelde is \u00feer any fei\u00fe \u00feat fortunous\n \u00feinges willen dwelle.\n\n [Sidenote: The last day of life puts an end to Prosperity.]\n\n \u021dit na\u00feeles \u00fee last[e] day 984\n of a ma{n}nis lijf is a man{er}e dee\u00fe to fortune. {and} also\n to \u00feilke \u00feat ha\u00fe dwelt.\n\n [Sidenote: What matters it then, whether you by death leave it, or\n it (Fortune) by flight doth leave you?]\n\n {and} \u00feerfore what wenist \u00feou\n \u00fear recche yif \u00feou forlete hir i{n} dey{n}ge or ellys \u00fe{a}t she\n fortune forlete \u00fee i{n} fleenge awey. 988\n\n [Linenotes:\n 978 _soory_--sorye\n _firste_--fyrst\n 979 _sodeyne_--sodeyn\n _shadowe_--shadwe\n 980 _stedfastnesse_--stedefastnesse\n 981 _swifte_--swyft\n _dissolue\u00fe_--dyssoluede\n 983 _al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat_--al \u00fe{a}t thowgh\n _fortunous_--fortune\n 984 _willen dwelle_--wolen dwellyn\n _last[e]_--laste\n 986 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _wenist \u00feou_--weenestow\n 987 _\u00fear recche_--dar recke\n 988 _awey_--away]\n\n\n [[pg 39]]\n [Headnote:\n MANY BLESSINGS STILL REMAIN.]\n\nCUM PRIMO POLO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .iij. Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: The stars pale before the light of the rising sun.]\n\n ++Whan phebus \u00fee sonne bygynne\u00fe to spreden his clerenesse\n w{i}t{h} rosene chariettes. \u00fean \u00fee sterre ydimmyd\n pale\u00fe hir white cheres. by \u00fee flamus of \u00fee so{n}ne \u00feat\n ouer come\u00fe \u00fee sterre ly\u021dt. \u00b6 \u00deis is to seyn whan \u00fee 992\n sonne is risen \u00fee day sterre wexi\u00fe pale {and} lesi\u00fe hir\n ly\u021dt for \u00fee grete bry\u021dtnesse of \u00fee sonne.\n\n [Sidenote: Westerly winds deck the wood with roses, but easterly\n winds cause their beauty to fade.]\n\n \u00b6 Whan \u00fee\n wode wexe\u00fe redy of rosene floures in \u00fee first somer\n sesou{n} \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee bre\u00fee of \u00fee wynde Zephirus \u00feat wexe\u00fe 996\n warme. \u00b6 Yif \u00fee cloudy wynde auster blowe felliche.\n \u00fean go\u00fe awey \u00fee fayrnesse of \u00feornes.\n\n [Sidenote: Now the sea is calm, and again it is tempestuous.]\n\n Ofte \u00fee see is\n clere {and} calme wi\u00feoute moeuy{n}g floodes. And ofte\n \u00fee horrible wynde aq{u}ilon moeue\u00fe boylyng tempestes 1000\n {and} ouer whelwe\u00fe \u00fee see.\n\n [Sidenote: If all things thus vary, will you trust in transitory\n riches?]\n\n \u00b6 Yif \u00fee forme of \u00feis worlde\n is so [\u021deelde] stable. {and} yif it to{ur}ni\u00fe by so many\n entrechau{n}gynges. wilt \u00feou \u00fea{n} truste{n} in \u00fee trublynge\n fortunes of me{n}. wilt \u00feou trowen i{n} flittyng goodes. 1004\n\n [Sidenote: All here below is unstedfast and unstable.]\n\n It is certeyne {and} establissed by lawe p{er}durable \u00feat no\n \u00fei{n}g \u00fe{a}t is engendred nys stedfast no stable.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 989 _his_--hyr\n 990 _\u00fean_--thanne\n 991 _flamus_--flambes\n 995 _redy_--rody\n _rosene_--rosyn\n 997 _warme_--warm\n 998 _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee, C. goth\n _fayrnesse_--fayrenesse\n 999 _clere_--cleer\n _calme_--kalm\n 1000 _wynde_--wynd\n 1001 _whelwe\u00fe_--welueeth\n 1002 [_\u021deelde_]--from C.\n 1003, 1004 _wilt \u00feou_--wolthow\n 1003 _\u00fean_--thanne\n _trublynge_--towmbly{n}ge\n 1004 _in flittyng_--on flettynge\n 1005 _It is_--is it\n 1006 _no_--ne\n _stable_--estable]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n MUCH TO BE THANKFUL FOR.]\n\nTUNC EGO UERA INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe prose.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I cannot deny my sudden and early prosperity.]\n\n ++\u00deAnne seide I \u00feus. O norice of alle uertues \u00feou\n seist ful so\u00fee. \u00b6 Ne I may nat forsake \u00fee ry\u021dt[e] 1008\n swifte cours of my p{ro}speritee. \u00feat is to seine. \u00feat\n p{ro}speritee ne be comen to me wondir swiftly {and}\n soone. but \u00feis is a \u00feing \u00feat gretly smerti\u00fe me whan it\n remembre\u00fe me.\n\n [Sidenote: It is the remembrance of former happiness that adds\n most to man\u2019s infelicity.]\n\n \u00b6 For in alle aduersitees of fortune \u00fee 1012\n most vnsely kynde of contrariouse fortune is to han\n ben weleful.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Recollect that you have yet much affluence.]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00feat \u00feou q{uo}d she abaist \u00feus \u00fee\n to{ur}ment of \u00fei fals[e] opiniou{n} \u00feat maist \u00feou not ry\u021dtfully\n blamen ne aretten to \u00feinges. as who sei\u00fe for \u00feou [[pg 40]]\n hast \u021ditte many habundaunces of \u00feinges. \u00b6 _Textus._ 1017\n For al be it so \u00feat \u00fee ydel name of auenterouse welefulnesse\n moeue\u00fe \u00fee now. it is leueful \u00feat \u00feou rekene\n w{i}t{h} me of how many[e] \u00feinges \u00feou hast \u021dit plentee. 1020\n\n [Sidenote: What you esteemed most precious in your happy days, you\n still retain, and ought therefore not to complain.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feerfore yif \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat \u00feou haddest for\n most p{re}cious in alle \u00fei rycchesse of fortune be kept\n to \u00fee by \u00fee grace of god vnwemmed {and} vndefouled.\n Mayst \u00feou \u00fea{n} pleyne ry\u021dtfully vpon \u00fee myschief of fortune. 1024\n syn \u00feou hast \u021dit \u00fei best[e] \u00feinges. \u00b6 Certys \u021dit\n lyue\u00fe in goode poynt \u00feilke p{re}cious hono{ur} of mankynde.\n\n [Sidenote: Symmachus, dear to you as life, is safe and in health.]\n\n \u00b6 Symacus \u00fei wyues fadir whiche \u00feat is a\n man maked al of sapience {and} of vertue. \u00fee whiche 1028\n man \u00feou woldest b[i]en redely wi\u00fe \u00fee pris of \u00fein owen\n lijf. he byweyle\u00fe \u00fee wronges \u00feat men don to \u00feee. {and}\n not for hym self. for he liue\u00fe in sykernesse of any\n sentence put a\u021deins him.\n\n [Sidenote: Your wife Rusticiana is also alive, and bewails her\n separation from you.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u021dit lyue\u00fe \u00fei wif \u00feat 1032\n is attempre of witte {and} passyng o\u00feer women in clennes\n of chastitee. and for I wol closen shortly her bountes\n she is lyke to hir fadir. I telle \u00fee welle \u00feat she lyue\u00fe\n loo\u00fe of hir life. {and} kepi\u00fe to \u00feee oonly hir goost. {and} 1036\n is al maat {and} ouer-comen by wepyng {and} sorwe for\n desire of \u00fee \u00b6 In \u00fee whiche \u00feing only I mot graunten\n \u00feat \u00fei welefulnesse is amenused.\n\n [Sidenote: Why need I mention your two sons, in whom so much of\n the wit and spirit of their sire and grandsire doth shine?]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 11.]]\n\n \u00b6 What shal I seyn\n eke of \u00fei two sones conseillours of whiche as of children 1040\n of hir age \u00feer shine\u00fe *\u00fee lyknesse of \u00fee witte of\n hir fadir {and} of hir eldefadir.\n\n [Sidenote: And since it is the chief care of man to preserve life;\n you are still most happy in the possession of blessings which all\n men value more than life.]\n\n and si\u00feen \u00fee souereyn\n cure of alle mortel folke is to sauen hir owe{n} lyues.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1008 _so\u00fee_--soth\n _Ne I may_--Ne I ne may\n 1009 _seine_--seyn\n 1011 _a_--omitted\n _gretly_--gretely\n 1012 _aduersitees_--adu{er}syte\n 1013 _most_--mooste\n 1014 _abaist_--abyest\n 1015 _tourment_--torment\u021d\n _fals[e]_--false\n 1016 _sei\u00fe_--MS. sei\u00fee, C. seyh\n 1017 _\u021ditte_--yit\n 1019 _leueful_--leefful\n 1020 _many[e] \u00feinges_--manye grete thinges\n 1022 _alle_--al\n 1023 _\u00fee by_--the yit by\n 1024 _myschief_--meschef\n 1025 _best[e]_--beste\n 1026 _lyue\u00fe_--leueth\n _goode_--good\n 1027 _whiche_--which\n 1028 _al_--alle\n _of_ (2)--omitted\n 1029 _b[i]en_--byen\n _owen_--owne\n 1030 _byweyle\u00fe_--bewayleth\n _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 1031 _liue\u00fe_--leueth\n 1033 _witte_--wyt\n _women_--wymmen\n 1034 _shortly_--shortely\n 1035 _lyke_--lik\n _welle_--wel\n 1036 _hir life_--this lyf\n 1037 _maat_--maad\n 1038 _whiche_--weche\n 1039 _amenused_--amenyssed\n _seyn_--(MS. seyne) seyn\n 1041 _lyknesse_--lykenesse\n _witte_--wyt\n 1042 {and} (1)--or\n _eldefadir_--eldyr fadyr\n _si\u00feen_--syn\n 1043 _folke_--folk]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE CONDITION OF HUMAN BLISS.]\n\n \u00b6 O how weleful art \u00feou \u00feou\u021d \u00feou knowe \u00fei goodes. 1044\n \u00b6 But \u021ditte ben \u00feer \u00feinges dwelly{n}g to \u00fee wardes \u00feat no [[pg 41]]\n man doute\u00fe \u00feat \u00feei ne ben more derwor\u00fee to \u00fee \u00feen\n \u00feine owen lijf.\n\n [Sidenote: Dry up thy tears, thou hast still present comfort and\n hope of future felicity.]\n\n \u00b6 And for\u00fei drie \u00fei teres for \u021ditte nys\n nat eueriche fortune al hateful to \u00fee warde. ne ou{er} 1048\n greet tempest ha\u00fe nat \u021dit fallen vpon \u00fee. whan \u00feat \u00fein\n ancres cliue fast[e] \u00feat nei\u00feer wole suffre \u00fee comfort of \u00feis\n tyme p{re}sent. ne \u00fee hope of tyme comynge to passen\n ne to falle{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I hope these will never fail me.]\n\n \u00b6 And I p{re}ie q{uod} I \u00feat fast[e] mot[en] 1052\n \u00feei holden. \u00b6 For whiles \u00feat \u00feei halden. how so eu{er}e\n \u00feat \u00feinges ben. I shal wel fleten fur\u00fee and eschapen.\n\n [Sidenote: But do you not see how low I am fallen?]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00feou mayst wel seen how greet[e] apparailes {and}\n aray \u00feat me lakke\u00fe \u00feat ben passed awey fro me. 1056\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I should think that I had made progress if you did\n not repine so at your fate.]\n\n \u00b6 I haue su{m}what auau{n}ced {and} for\u00feered \u00fee q{uod} she. if\n \u00feat \u00feou anoie nat or for\u00feenke nat of al \u00fei fortune. As\n who sei\u00fe. \u00b6 I haue somwhat comforted \u00fee so \u00feat \u00feou\n tempest nat \u00fee \u00feus wi\u00fe al \u00fei fortune. syn \u00feou hast 1060\n \u021dit \u00fei best[e] \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: It grieves me to hear you complain while you possess so\n many comforts.]\n\n \u00b6 But I may nat suffre \u00fein\n delices. \u00feat pleinst so wepyng. {and} anguissous for \u00feat\n o\u00feer lakke\u00fe somwhat to \u00fei welefulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Every one, however happy, has something to complain\n of.]\n\n \u00b6 For what\n man is so sad or of so p{er}fit welefulnesse. \u00feat he ne 1064\n stryue\u00fe or pleyne\u00fe on some half a\u021deine \u00fee qualitee of\n his estat.\n\n [Sidenote: The condition of human enjoyment is anxious; for either\n it comes not all at once, or makes no long stay when it does\n come.]\n\n \u00b6 For whi ful anguissous \u00feing is \u00fee condiciou{n}\n of mans goodes. \u00b6 For ey\u00feer it come\u00fe al to\n gidre to a wy\u021dt. or ellys it laste\u00fe not p{er}petuely. 1068\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1044 _art \u00feou \u00feou\u021d_--arthow yif\n 1045 _But \u021ditte_--for yit\n _dwellyng_--dwellyd\n _wardes_--ward\n 1046 _\u00feat_--than\n _derwor\u00fee_--dereworthe\n _\u00feen \u00feine_--than thin\n 1047 _\u021ditte_--yit\n 1049 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _\u00fein_--thyne\n 1050 _cliue fast[e]_--cleuen faste\n _wole suffre_--wolen suffren\n 1052 _fallen_--faylen\n _fast[e] mot[en]_--faste moten\n 1053 _holden_--halden\n 1054 _fur\u00fee_--forth\n 1055 _mayst_--mayste\n _greet[e]_--grete\n 1058 _for\u00feenke_--forthinke\n 1061 _best[e]_--beste\n _suffre \u00fein_--suffren thi\n 1063 _o\u00feer_--ther\n 1064 _perfit_--parfyt\n 1065 _or_--and\n _some half a\u021deine_--som halue ayen\n 1067 _mans_--mannes\n _come\u00fe al_--comth nat al\n 1068 _laste\u00fe_--last\n _perpetuely_--p{er}petuel]\n\n [Headnote:\n HAPPINESS ARISES FROM CONTENTMENT.]\n\n [Sidenote: One man is very wealthy, but his birth is obscure.]\n\n \u00b6 For som man ha\u00fe grete rycchesse. but he is asshamed\n of hys vngentil lynage.\n\n [Sidenote: Another is conspicuous for nobility of descent, but is\n surrounded by indigence.]\n\n {and} som man is renomed\n of noblesse of kynrede. but he is enclosed in so\n grete angre for nede of \u00feinges. \u00feat hym were leuer \u00feat 1072\n he were vnknowe.\n\n [Sidenote: A third is blest with both advantages, but is\n unmarried.]\n\n and som ma{n} habunde\u00fe bo\u00fee i{n}\n rychesse {and} noblesse. but \u021dit he bywaile\u00fe hys chast[e]\n lijf. for he ha\u00fe no wijf. [[pg 42]]\n\n [Sidenote: This man is happy in a wife, but is childless, while\n that other man has the joy of children, but is mortified by their\n evil ways.]\n\n \u00b6 and som man is wel {and}\n selily maried but he ha\u00fe no children. {and} norisshe\u00fe his 1076\n ricchesse to \u00fee heires of straunge folk. \u00b6 And som\n man is gladded wi\u00fe children. but he wepi\u00fe ful sory for\n \u00fee trespas of his son or of his dou\u021dtir.\n\n [Sidenote: Thus we see that no man can agree easily with the state\n of his fortune.]\n\n \u00b6 and for \u00feis\n \u00feer accorde\u00fe no wy\u021dt ly\u021dtly to \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} of his fortune. 1080\n for alwey to euery man \u00feere is i{n} mest somwhat\n \u00feat vnassaie\u00fe he ne wot not or ellys he dredi\u00fe \u00feat he\n ha\u00fe assaied.\n\n [Sidenote: The senses of the happy are refined and delicate, and\n they are impatient if anything is untoward.]\n\n \u00b6 {And} adde \u00feis also \u00feat euery weleful\n man ha\u00fe a wel delicat felyng. \u00b6 So \u00feat but yif alle 1084\n \u00feinges fallen at hys owen wille for he inpacient or is\n nat vsed to han none aduersitee. an-oone he is \u00ferowe\n ado\u0169ne for euery lytel \u00feing.\n\n [Sidenote: The happiness of the most fortunate depends on\n trifles.]\n\n \u00b6 And ful lytel \u00feinges\n ben \u00feo \u00feat wi\u00fedrawen \u00fee so{m}me or \u00fee p{er}fecc{i}ou{n} of 1088\n blisfulnesse fro hem \u00feat ben most fortunat.\n\n [Sidenote: How many would think themselves in heaven if they had\n only a part of the remnant of thy fortune!]\n\n \u00b6 How\n many men trowest \u00feou wolde demen hem self to ben\n almost in heuene yif \u00feei my\u021dten atteyne to \u00fee leest[e]\n p{ar}tie of \u00fee remenaunt of \u00fei fortune. \u00b6 \u00deis same place 1092\n \u00feat \u00feou clepist exil is contre to hem \u00feat enhabiten\n here.\n\n [Sidenote: Thy miseries proceed from the thought that thou art\n miserable.]\n\n {and} for\u00fei. No\u00feing wrecched. but whan \u00feou\n wenest it\n\n [Sidenote: Every lot may be happy to the man who bears his\n condition with equanimity and courage.]\n\n \u00b6 As who sei\u00fe. \u00feou\u021d \u00fei self ne no wy\u021dt\n ellys nys no wrecche but whan he wene\u00fe hym self a 1096\n wrecche by reputac{i}ou{n} of his corage.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1069 _rycchesse_--Rychesses\n 1070 _renomed_--renowned\n 1072 _angre for_--Angwysshe of\n _leuer_--leu{er}e\n 1074 _chast[e]_--caste\n 1075, 1076 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1076 _maried_--ymaryed\n _his_--hise\n 1077 _ricchesse_--Rychesses\n _heires_--eyres\n _folk_--foolkys\n 1080 _\u00feer_--\u00fe{er} ne\n 1081 _mest_--omitted\n 1082 _vnassaie\u00fe_--vnassaied\n _wot_--MS. wote, C. wot\n 1083, 1084 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1084 _wel_--ful\n 1085 _fallen_--byfalle\n _wille_--wyl\n 1086 _none_--non\n _an-oone_--Anon\n _\u00ferowe_--throwen\n 1087 _ado\u0169ne_--adou{n}\n 1090 _wolde_--wolden\n 1095 _it_--hyt\n _who_--ho\n 1096 _no_--a]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE SOURCE OF TRUE HAPPINESS.]\n\nCONTRAQ{UE}.\n\n [Sidenote: When patience is lost then a change of state is\n desired.]\n\n ++And a\u021deinewarde al fortune is blisful to a man by \u00fee\n agreablete or by \u00fee egalite of hym \u00feat suffre\u00fe it.\n \u00b6 What man is \u00feat. \u00feat is so weleful \u00feat nolde chau{n}ge{n} 1100\n his estat whan he ha\u00fe lorn pacience. \u00fee swetnesse of\n mannes welefulnesse is yspranid wi\u00fe many[e] bitternesses.\n \u00fee whiche welefulnesse al \u00feou\u021d it seme swete {and} [[pg 43]]\n ioyeful to hym \u00feat vse\u00fe it. \u021dit may it not be wi\u00fe-holden 1104\n \u00feat it ne go\u00fe away whan it wol.\n\n [Sidenote: How much is human felicity embittered!]\n\n \u00b6 \u00dean is it wel sen\n how wrecched is \u00fee blisfulnesse of mortel \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: It will not stay with those that endure their lot with\n equanimity, nor bring comfort to anxious minds.]\n\n \u00feat nei\u00fe{er} it dwelli\u00fe p{er}petuel wi\u00fe hem \u00feat euery fortune\n receyuen agreablely or egaly. \u00b6 Ne it ne delite\u00fe not in 1108\n al. to hem \u00feat ben anguissous.\n\n [Sidenote: Why then, O mortals, do ye seek abroad for that\n felicity which is to be found within yourselves?]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 11 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 O ye mortel folkes\n what seke *\u021de \u00fean blisfulnesse oute of \u021doure self. whiche\n \u00feat is put in \u021doure self. Erro{ur} {and} folie co{n}fou{n}de\u00fe\n \u021dow \u00b6 I shal shewe \u00fee shortly. \u00fee poynt of souereyne 1112\n blisfulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Nothing is more precious than thyself.]\n\n Is \u00feer any \u00feing to \u00fee more p{re}ciouse \u00fean\n \u00fei self \u00b6 \u00deou wilt answere nay.\n\n [Sidenote: If thou hast command over thyself, Fortune cannot\n deprive thee of it.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00dean if it so be \u00feat\n \u00feou art my\u021dty ouer \u00fei self \u00feat is to seyn by tranquillitee\n of \u00fei soule. \u00fean hast \u00feou \u00feing i{n} \u00fei power \u00feat \u00feou 1116\n noldest neuer lesen. ne fortune may nat by-nyme it \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: Happiness does not consist in things transitory.]\n\n {and} \u00feat \u00feou mayst knowe \u00feat blisfulnesse [ne] may\n nat standen in \u00feinges \u00feat ben fortunous {and} te{m}perel.\n\n [Sidenote: If happiness be the supreme good of nature, then that\n thing cannot be it which can be withdrawn from us.]\n\n \u00b6 Now vndirstonde {and} gadir it to gidir \u00feus 1120\n yif blisfulnesse be \u00fee souereyne goode of nature \u00feat\n liue\u00fe by resou{n} \u00b6 Ne \u00feilke \u00feing nis nat souereyne\n goode \u00feat may be taken awey in any wyse. for more\n wor\u00fei \u00feing {and} more digne is \u00feilke \u00feing \u00fe{a}t may nat be 1124\n taken awey.\n\n [Sidenote: Instability of fortune is not susceptive of true\n happiness.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00dean shewi\u00fe it wele \u00feat \u00fee vnstablenesse\n of fortune may nat attayne to receyue verray\n blisfulnes. \u00b6 And \u021dit more ouer.\n\n [Sidenote: He who is led by fading felicity, either knows that it\n is changeable or does not know it.]\n\n \u00b6 What man \u00feat\n \u00feis toumblyng welefulnesse leedi\u00fe. ei\u00feer he woot \u00feat 1128\n [it] is chaungeable. or ellis he woot it nat.\n\n [Sidenote: If he knows it not, what happiness has he in the\n blindness of his ignorance?]\n\n \u00b6 And yif\n he woot it not. what blisful fortune may \u00feer be in \u00fee\n blyndenesse of ignorau{n}ce. and yif he woot \u00feat it is\n chaungeable. he mot alwey ben adrad \u00fe{a}t he ne lese 1132\n \u00feat \u00feing. \u00feat he ne doute\u00fe nat but \u00feat he may leesen it.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1098 _a\u021deinewarde al_--ayeinward alle\n 1099 _it_--hyt\n 1101 _whan_--what\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _lorn_--MS. lorne, C. lost\n 1102 _yspranid_--spraynyd\n _bitternesses_--beternesses\n 1104 _hym_--hem\n _it_--hyt\n _be_--ben\n 1105 _go\u00fe_--MS. ge\u00fee\n _wol_--woole\n _sen_--MS. sene\n 1107 _dwelli\u00fe_--dureth\n 1109 _folkes_--folk{e}\n 1110 _oute_--owt\n 1112 _shortly_--shortely\n 1114 _wilt_--MS. wilte, C. wolt\n _if_--yif\n 1117 _by-nyme_--be-neme\n 1118 _blisfulnesse [ne]_--blyssefulnesse ne\n 1120 _to gidir_--to gidere\n 1121, 1122 _souereyne goode_--sou{er}eyn good\n 1125 _wele_--wel\n 1126 _receyue_--resseyuen\n 1129 [_it_]--from C.\n _it_--hyt\n 1130 _be_--ben\n 1131 _blyndenesse_--blyndnesse]\n\n [[pg 44]]\n [Headnote:\n RICHES DO NOT CONSTITUTE HAPPINESS.]\n\n [Sidenote: If he knows it is fleeting he must be afraid of losing\n it, and this fear will not suffer him to be happy.]\n\n \u00b6 As whoo sei\u00fe he mot ben alwey agast lest he\n leese \u00feat he wot wel he may leese. \u00b6 For whiche \u00fee\n continuel drede \u00feat he ha\u00fe ne suffri\u00fe hym nat to ben 1136\n weleful. \u00b6 Or ellys yif he leese it he wene to be\n dispised {and} forleten hit. \u00b6 Certis eke \u00feat is a ful\n lytel goode \u00feat is born wi\u00fe euene hert[e] whan it is\n loost. \u00b6 \u00deat is to seyne \u00feat men don no more force. 1140\n of \u00fee lost \u00fean of \u00fee hauynge.\n\n [Sidenote: Since thou art convinced of the soul\u2019s immortality,\n thou canst not doubt that if death puts an end to human felicity,\n that all men when they die, are plunged into the depths of\n misery.]\n\n \u00b6 And for as myche as\n \u00feou \u00fei self art he to who{m} it ha\u00fe ben shewid {and} p{ro}ued\n by ful many[e] demonstrac{i}ou{n}s. as I woot wel \u00feat \u00fee\n soules of men ne mowen nat dien in no wise. and eke 1144\n syn it is clere. {and} certeyne \u00feat fortunous welefulnesse\n endi\u00fe by \u00fee dee\u00fe of \u00fee body. \u00b6 It may nat ben douted\n \u00feat yif \u00feat dee\u00fe may take awey blysfulnesse \u00feat al \u00fee\n kynde of mortal \u00fei{n}g{us} ne descendi\u00fe in to wrecchednesse 1148\n by \u00fee ende of \u00fee dee\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: But we know that many have sought to obtain felicity,\n by undergoing not only death, but pains and torments.]\n\n \u00b6 And syn we knowen\n wel \u00feat many a man ha\u00fe sou\u021dt \u00fee fruit of blisfulnesse\n nat only wi\u00fe suffryng of dee\u00fe. but eke wi\u00fe suffryng of\n peynes {and} to{ur}mentes.\n\n [Sidenote: How then can this present life make men truly happy,\n since when it is ended they do not become miserable?]\n\n how my\u021dt[e] \u00fean \u00feis p{re}sent 1152\n lijf make men blisful. syn \u00feat whanne \u00feilke self[e]\n lijf is endid. it ne make\u00fe folk no wrecches.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1134 _it_--hyt\n _sei\u00fe_--MS. sei\u00fee, C. seyth\n 1135 _wot_--MS. wote, C. wot\n _leese_ (2)--leese it\n _whiche_--which\n 1136 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1137 _ellys_--omitted\n _wene_--weneth\n 1138 _hit_--omitted\n 1139 _goode_--good\n _born_--MS. borne, C. born\n _hert[e]_--herte\n 1140 _seyne_--seyn\n _don_--MS. done, C. do\n _force_--fors\n 1142 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1143 _many[e]_--manye\n 1144 _mowen_--mowe\n _dien_--deyen\n 1145 _clere_--cleer\n _certeyne_--certeyn\n 1147 _al_--alle\n 1150 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _fruit_--frut\n 1152 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 1153 _make_--maken\n _self[e]_--selue]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n RICHES HAVE NO INTRINSIC VALUE.]\n\nQUISQUIS UOLET[2] P{ER}HENNEM CAUTUS.\n\n [Footnote 2: MS. ualet.]\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: He who would have a stable and lasting seat must not\n build upon lofty hills; nor upon the sands, if he would escape the\n violence of winds and waves.]\n\n ++What maner man stable {and} war \u00feat wil founden hym\n a p{er}durable sete {and} ne wil not be cast doune 1156\n wi\u00fe \u00fee loude blastes of \u00fee wynde Eurus. {and} wil dispise\n \u00fee see manassynge wi\u00fe floodes \u00b6 Lat hym eschewe to\n bilde on \u00fee cop of \u00fee mou{n}tay{n}gne. or in \u00fee moyste\n sandes. \u00b6 For \u00fee fel[le] wynde auster to{ur}mente\u00fe \u00fee cop 1160\n of \u00fee mou{n}tayngne wi\u00fe alle his streng\u00fees. \u00b6 and \u00fee\n lowe see sandes refuse to beren \u00fee heuy wey\u021dte. [[pg 45]]\n\n [Sidenote: If thou wilt flee perilous fortune, lay thy foundation\n upon the firmer stone, so that thou mayst grow old in thy\n stronghold.]\n\n {and} for\u00fei yif \u00feou wolt flee \u00fee p{er}ilous auenture \u00feat is to\n seine of \u00fee worlde \u00b6 Haue mynde certeynly to ficchyn 1164\n \u00fei house of a myrie site in a lowe stoone. \u00b6 For al\n \u00feou\u021d \u00fee wynde troublyng \u00fee see \u00feondre wi\u00fe ouere\u00ferowynges\n \u00b6 \u00deou \u00feat art put i{n} quiete {and} welful by\n streng\u00fee of \u00fei palys shalt leden a cleer age. scornyng 1168\n \u00fee wodenesses and \u00fee Ires of \u00fee eir.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1155, 1156, 1157 _wil_--wole\n 1156 _be cast_--MS. be caste, C. ben cast\n 1157 _wynde_--wynd\n 1158 _eschewe_--eschewen\n 1160 _fel[le]_--felle\n 1161 _his_--hise\n 1162 _lowe_--lavse\n _see_--omitted\n _refuse_--refusen\n _wey\u021dte_--wyhte\n 1163 _flee_--fleen\n 1164 _seine_--seyn\n 1165 _\u00fei_--thin\n _lowe stoone_--lowh stoon\n 1167 _welful_--weleful\n 1169 _wodenesses_--woodnesses]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n GLORY NOT IN RICHES; THEY ADD NOTHING TO VIRTUE.]\n\nSET CUM RACIONU{M} IAM IN TE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: It is now time to use stronger medicines, since lighter\n remedies have taken effect.]\n\n ++But for as moche as \u00fee noryssinges of my resou{n}s\n descenden now in to \u00fee. I trowe it were tyme to\n vsen a litel strenger medicynes.\n\n [Sidenote: What is there in the gifts of Fortune that is not vile\n and despicable?]\n\n \u00b6 Now vndirstonde 1172\n here al were it so \u00feat \u00fee \u021diftis of fortune nar[e] nat\n brutel ne t{ra}nsitorie.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 12.]]\n\n what is \u00feer in hem \u00feat may be\n \u00feine *in any tyme. or ellis \u00feat it nys foule if \u00feat it be\n considered {and} lokid p{er}fitely.\n\n [Sidenote: Are riches precious in themselves, or in men\u2019s\n estimation?]\n\n \u00b6 Richesse ben \u00feei 1176\n p{re}ciouse by \u00fee nature of hem self. or ellys by \u00fee\n nature of \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: What is most precious in them, quantity or quality?]\n\n What is most wor\u00fei of rycchesse. is it\n nat golde or my\u021dt of moneye assembled.\n\n [Sidenote: Bounty is more glorious than niggardliness.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis\n \u00feilke golde {and} \u00feilke moneye shine\u00fe {and} \u021deue\u00fe better 1180\n renou{n} to hem \u00feat dispenden it. \u00feen to \u00feilke folke \u00feat\n mokeren it.\n\n [Sidenote: Avarice is always hateful, while liberality is\n praise-worthy.]\n\n For auarice make\u00fe alwey mokeres to be\n hated. {and} largesse make\u00fe folke clere of renou{n}\n \u00b6 For syn \u00feat swiche \u00fei{n}g as is t{ra}nsfered from o 1184\n man to an o\u00feer ne may nat dwellen wi\u00fe no man.\n\n [Sidenote: Money cannot be more precious than when it is dispensed\n liberally to others.]\n\n Certis \u00fean is \u00feilke moneye p{re}cious. whan it is translated\n in to o\u00feer folk. {and} stynte\u00fe to ben had by\n vsage of large \u021deuy{n}g of hym \u00feat ha\u00fe \u021deuen it. 1188\n\n [Sidenote: If one man\u2019s coffers contained all the money in the\n world, every one else would be in want of it.]\n\n {and} also yif al \u00fee moneye \u00feat is ouer-al in \u00fee world were\n gadered towar[d] o man. it sholde maken al o\u00feer men [[pg 46]]\n to ben nedy as of \u00feat. \u00b6 And certys a voys al hool\n \u00feat is to seyn wi\u00fe-oute amenusynge fulfille\u00fe to gyder 1192\n \u00fee heryng of myche folke.\n\n [Sidenote: Riches cannot be dispensed without diminution.]\n\n but Certys \u021doure rycchesse\n ne mowen nat passen vnto myche folk wi\u00fe-oute amenussyng\n \u00b6 And whan \u00feei ben apassed. nedys \u00feei maken\n hem pore \u00feat forgon \u00fee rycchesses.\n\n [Sidenote: O the poverty of riches, that cannot be enjoyed by many\n at the same time, nor can be possessed by one without\n impoverishing others!]\n\n \u00b6 O streite {and} 1196\n nedy clepe I \u00feise rycchesses. syn \u00feat many folke [ne]\n may nat han it al. ne al may it nat comen to on man\n wi\u00fe-oute pouerte of al o\u00feer folke. \u00b6 And \u00fee shynynge\n of ge{m}mes \u00feat I clepe p{re}ciouse stones. drawe\u00fe it nat 1200\n \u00fee eyen of folk in to hem warde. \u00feat is to seyne for \u00fee\n beaute.\n\n [Sidenote: The beauty of precious stones consists only in their\n brightness, wherefore I marvel that men admire that which is\n motionless, lifeless, and irrational.]\n\n \u00b6 For certys yif \u00feer were beaute or bounte\n in shynyng of stones. \u00feilke clerenesse is of \u00fee stones\n hem self. {and} nat of men. \u00b6 For whiche I wondre 1204\n gretly \u00feat men merueilen on swiche \u00feinges. \u00b6 For\n whi what \u00feing is it \u00feat yif it wa{n}te\u00fe moeuyng {and}\n ioynture of soule {and} body \u00feat by ry\u021dt my\u021dt[e] semen\n a faire creature to hym \u00feat ha\u00fe a soule of resou{n}. 1208\n\n [Sidenote: Precious stones are indeed the workmanship of the\n Creator, but their beauty is infinitely below the excellency of\n man\u2019s nature.]\n\n \u00b6 For al be it so \u00feat ge{m}mes drawen to hem self a\n litel of \u00fee laste beaute of \u00fee worlde. \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee entent\n of hir creato{ur} {and} \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee distincc{i}ou{n} of hem self.\n \u021dit for as myche as \u00feei ben put vndir \u021doure excellence. 1212\n \u00feei han not desserued by no weye \u00feat \u021de shullen\n merueylen on hem.\n\n [Sidenote: Doth the beauty of the field delight thee?]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00fee beaute of feeldes delite\u00fe\n it nat mychel vnto \u021dow.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Why should it not? for it is a beautiful part of a\n beautiful whole.]\n\n _Boyce._ \u00b6 Whi sholde it nat\n deliten vs. syn \u00feat it is a ry\u021dt fayr porciou{n} of \u00fee ry\u021dt 1216\n fair werk. \u00feat is to seyn of \u00feis worlde.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence, we admire the face of the sea, the heavens, as\n well as the sun, moon, and stars.]\n\n \u00b6 And ry\u021dt\n so ben we gladed somtyme of \u00fee face of \u00fee see whan\n it is clere. And also merueylen we on \u00fee heuene {and}\n on \u00fee sterres. {and} on \u00fee sonne. {and} on \u00fee mone. [[pg 47]]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Do these things concern thee? darest thou glory in\n them?]\n\n _Philosophie._ \u00b6 App{er}teine\u00fe q{uo}d she any of \u00feilke 1221\n \u00feinges to \u00fee. whi darst \u00feou glorifie \u00fee in \u00fee shynynge\n of any swiche \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Do the flowers adorn you with their variety?]\n\n Art \u00feou distingwed {and} embelised\n by \u00fee spryngyng floures of \u00fee first somer 1224\n sesou{n}. or swelli\u00fe \u00fei plente in fruytes of somer. whi\n art \u00feou rauyshed wi\u00fe ydel ioies.\n\n [Sidenote: Why embracest thou things wherein thou hast no\n property?]\n\n why enbracest \u00feou\n straunge goodes as \u00feei weren \u00feine.\n\n [Sidenote: Fortune can never make that thine which the nature of\n things forbids to be so.]\n\n Fortune shal neuer\n maken \u00feat swiche \u00feinges ben \u00feine \u00feat nature of \u00feinges 1228\n maked foreyne fro \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: The fruits of the earth are designed for the support of\n beasts.]\n\n \u00b6 Syche is \u00feat wi\u00fe-oute{n}\n doute \u00fee fruytes of \u00fee er\u00fee owen to ben on \u00fee\n norssinge of bestes.\n\n [Sidenote: If you seek only the necessities of nature, the\n affluence of Fortune will be useless.]\n\n \u00b6 And if \u00feou wilt fulfille \u00fei\n nede after \u00feat it suffise\u00fe to nature \u00fean is it no nede 1232\n \u00feat \u00feou seke after \u00fee sup{er}fluite of fortune.\n\n [Sidenote: Nature is content with a little, and superfluity will\n be both disagreeable and hurtful.]\n\n \u00b6 For\n wi\u00fe ful fewe \u00feinges {and} w{i}t{h} ful lytel \u00feing nature\n halt hire appaied. {and} yif \u00feou wilt achoken \u00fee fulfillyng\n of nat{ur}e wi\u00fe sup{er}fluites \u00b6 Certys \u00feilke 1236\n \u00feinges \u00fe{a}t \u00feou wilt \u00feresten or pouren in to nature\n shullen ben vnioyeful to \u00fee or ellis anoies.\n\n [Sidenote: Does it add to a man\u2019s worth to shine in variety of\n costly clothing?]\n\n \u00b6 Wenest\n \u00feou eke \u00feat it be a fair \u00feinge to shine wi\u00fe dyuerse\n clo\u00feing.\n\n [Sidenote: The things really to be admired are the beauty of the\n stuff or the workmanship of it.]\n\n of whiche clo\u00feing yif \u00fee beaute be agreable 1240\n to loken vpon. I wol merueylen on \u00fee nature of \u00fee\n matere of \u00feilke clo\u00fees. or ellys on \u00fee werkeman \u00feat\n wrou\u021dt[e] hem.\n\n [Sidenote: Doth a great retinue make thee happy?]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 12 _b_.]]\n\n but al so a longe route of meyne. maki\u00fe\n \u00feat a blisful *man.\n\n [Sidenote: If thy servants be vicious, they are a great burden to\n the house, and pernicious enemies to the master of it.]\n\n \u00fee whiche seruauntes yif \u00feei ben 1244\n vicio\u0169s of condic{i}ou{n}s it is a greet charge {and} a\n destrucc{i}ou{n} to \u00fee house. {and} a g{r}eet enmye to \u00fee lorde\n hym self\n\n [Sidenote: If they be good, why should the probity of others be\n put to thy account?]\n\n \u00b6 {And} yif \u00feei ben goode men how shal\n straung[e] or foreyne goodenes ben put in \u00fee nou{m}bre 1248\n of \u00fei rycchesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Upon the whole, then, none of those enjoyments which\n thou didst consider as thy own did ever properly belong to thee.]\n\n so \u00fe{a}t by alle \u00feise forseide \u00feinges. it is\n clerly shewed \u00feat neuer none of \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feou\n accou{m}ptedest for \u00fein goodes nas nat \u00fei goode.\n\n [Sidenote: If they be not desirable, why shouldst thou grieve for\n the loss of them?]\n\n \u00b6 In\n \u00fee whiche \u00feinges yif \u00feer be no beaute to ben desired. 1252\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1172 _strenger_--strenger{e}\n _vndirstonde_--vndyrstond\n 1173 _nar[e]_--ne weere\n 1174 _be \u00feine_--ben thyn\n 1175 _foule_--fowl\n 1176 _Richesse_--Rychessis\n 1178 _rycchesse_--rychesses\n 1179, 1180 _golde_--gold\n 1180 _better_--betere\n 1181 _\u00feen_--thanne\n 1182 _mokeres_--mokereres\n 1183 _folke clere_--folk cler\n 1184 _swiche_--swich\n _from_--fram\n 1187 _stynte\u00fe_--stenteth\n 1188 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1189 _world_--worlde\n 1190 _al_--alle\n 1191 _al hool_--omitted\n 1193 _myche folke_--moche folk{e}\n _rycchesse_--rychesses\n 1194 _myche_--moche\n 1196 _forgon_--MS. forgone\n 1197 _\u00feise_--this\n _rycchesses_--rychesse\n [_ne_]--from C.\n 1198 _on_--o\n 1199 _wi\u00fe-oute_--with-owten\n _al_--alle\n _folke_--folk{e}\n 1200 _preciouse_--p{re}syous\n 1201 _in_--omitted\n _warde_--ward\n _seyne_--seyn\n 1202 _beaute_ (1)--beautes\n _For_--but\n 1203 _in_--in the\n 1204 _whiche_--which\n 1207 _ioynture_--Ioyngture\n 1208 _faire_--fayr\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1210 _laste_--last\n _worlde_--world\n 1212 _myche_--mochel\n 1213 _desserued_--MS. desseyued, C. desseruyd\n _weye_--wey\n _shullen_--sholden\n 1215 _mychel_--mochel\n 1217 _fair werk_--fayr{e} werke\n _worlde_--world\n 1219 _clere_--cler\n 1222 _darst \u00feou glorifie_--darsthow gloryfyen\n 1225 _in_--in the\n 1229 _Syche_--Soth\n 1230 _on_--to\n 1231, 1235, 1237 _wilt_--wolt\n 1238 _shullen_--shollen\n 1239 _fair_--fayre\n 1240 _whiche_--which\n 1242 _werkeman_--werkman\n 1246 _house_--hows\n _lorde_--lord\n 1248 _goodenes_--goodnesse\n 1250 _shewed_--I-shewyd\n _none_--oon\n 1251 _\u00fein_--thine\n _goode_--good]\n\n [[pg 48]]\n [Headnote:\n RICHES BRING ANXIETIES.]\n\n whi sholdest \u00feou be sory yif \u00feou leese hem. or whi\n sholdest \u00feou reioysen \u00fee to holden hem.\n\n [Sidenote: If they are fair by nature, what is that to thee?]\n\n \u00b6 For if \u00feei\n ben fair of hire owen kynde. what app{er}tene\u00fe \u00feat to \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: They would be equally agreeable whether thine or not.]\n\n for as wel sholde \u00feei han ben faire by hem self. 1256\n \u00feou\u021d \u00feei were{n} dep{ar}tid from alle \u00fein rycchesse.\n\n [Sidenote: They are not to be reckoned precious because they are\n counted amongst thy goods, but because they seemed so before thou\n didst desire to possess them.]\n\n \u00b6 For-why\n faire ne p{re}cio\u0169s ne weren \u00feei nat. for \u00feat \u00feei\n comen amonges \u00fei rycchesse. but for \u00feei semeden fair\n {and} p{re}cious. \u00feerfore \u00feou haddest leuer rekene hem 1260\n amonges \u00fei rycchesse.\n\n [Sidenote: What, then, is it we so clamorously demand of Fortune?]\n\n but what desirest \u00feou of fortune\n wi\u00fe so greet a noyse {and} wi\u00fe so greet a fare\n\n [Sidenote: Is it to drive away indigence by abundance?]\n\n \u00b6 I\n trowe \u00feou seke to dryue awey nede wi\u00fe habundaunce\n of \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: But the very reverse of this happens, for there is need\n of many helps to keep a variety of valuable goods.]\n\n \u00b6 But certys it turne\u00fe to \u021dow al in \u00fee 1264\n contrarie. for whi certys it nedi\u00fe of ful many[e] helpynges\n to kepen \u00fee dyuersite of preciouse ostelment\u021d.\n\n [Sidenote: They want most things who have the most.]\n\n and so\u00fee it is \u00feat of many[e] \u00feinges han \u00feei nede \u00feat\n many[e] \u00feinges han.\n\n [Sidenote: They want the fewest who measure their abundance by the\n necessities of nature, and not by the superfluity of their\n desires.]\n\n {and} a\u021deyneward of litel nedi\u00fe 1268\n hem \u00feat mesuren hir fille after \u00fee nede of kynde {and}\n nat after \u00fee outrage of couetyse\n\n [Sidenote: Is there no good planted within ourselves, that we are\n obliged to go abroad to seek it?]\n\n \u00b6 Is it \u00fean so \u00feat ye\n men ne han no p{ro}pre goode. I-set in \u021dow. For\n whiche \u021de moten seken outwardes \u021doure goodes in 1272\n foreine {and} subgit \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Are things so changed and inverted, that god-like man\n should think that he has no other worth but what he derives from\n the possession of inanimate objects?]\n\n \u00b6 So is \u00fean \u00fee condic{i}ou{n}\n of \u00feinges turned vpso dou{n}. \u00feat a man \u00feat is a devyne\n beest by merit of hys resou{n}. \u00feinke\u00fe \u00feat hy{m}\n self nys ney\u00feer fair ne noble. but if it be \u00feoru\u021d 1276\n possessiou{n} of ostelmentes. \u00feat ne han no soules.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1255 _fair_--fayr{e}\n _hire owen_--hyr owne\n 1256 _sholde_--sholden\n _self_--selue\n 1257 _\u00fein rycchesse_--thyne rychesses\n 1259 _amonges_--among{e}\n 1259, 1261 _rycchesse_--Rychesses\n 1259 _fair_--fayr{e}\n 1260 _leuer rekene_--leu{er}e rekne\n 1262 _greet_ (2)--grete\n 1265, 1267 _many[e]_--manye\n 1267 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 1272 _outwardes_--owtward\n 1276 _fair_--fayr{e}\n _if_--yif]\n\n [Headnote:\n IGNORANCE CRIMINAL IN MAN.]\n\n [Sidenote: Inferior things are satisfied with their own\n endowments, while man (the image of God) seeks to adorn his nature\n with things infinitely below him, not understanding how much he\n dishonours his Maker.]\n\n \u00b6 And certys al o\u00fe{er} \u00fei{n}ges ben appaied of hire owen\n beautes. but \u021de men \u00feat ben semblable to god by \u021dour{e}\n resonable \u00feou\u021dt desiren to apparaille \u021dour{e} excellent 1280\n kynde of \u00fee lowest[e] pinges. ne \u021de ne vndirstonde nat\n how gret a wro{n}g \u021de don to \u021doure creato{ur}.\n\n [Sidenote: God intended man to excel all earthly creatures, yet\n you debase your dignity and prerogative below the lowest beings.]\n\n for he\n wolde \u00feat man kynde were moost wor\u00fei {and} noble of\n any o\u00feer er\u00feely \u00feinges. and \u021de \u00feresten adou{n} \u021doure [[pg 49]]\n dignitees by-ne\u00feen \u00fee lowest[e] \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: In placing your happiness in despicable trifles, you\n acknowledge yourselves of less value than these trifles, and well\n do you merit to be so esteemed.]\n\n \u00b6 For if \u00feat al 1285\n \u00fee good of euery \u00feing be more p{re}ciouse \u00fean is \u00feilk\n \u00feing whos \u00feat \u00fee good is. syn \u021de demen \u00feat \u00fee\n foulest[e] \u00feinges ben \u021doure goodes. \u00feanne summytten 1288\n \u021de {and} putten \u021doure self vndir \u00feo foulest[e] \u00feinges by\n \u021doure estimac{i}ou{n}. \u00b6 And certis \u00feis bitidi\u00fe nat wi\u00fe\n out \u021dour{e} desert.\n\n [Sidenote: Man only excels other creatures when he knows himself.]\n\n For certys swiche is \u00fee co{n}dic{i}ou{n}\n of al man kynde \u00feat oonly whan it ha\u00fe knowyng of it 1292\n self. \u00fean passe\u00fe it i{n} noblesse alle o\u00feer \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: When he ceases to do so, he sinks below beasts.]\n\n and whan it forleti\u00fe \u00fee knowyng of it self. \u00fean it is\n brou\u021dt byne\u00feen alle beestes.\n\n [Sidenote: Ignorance is natural to beasts, but in men it is\n unnatural and criminal.]\n\n \u00b6 For-why alle o\u00feer\n [leuynge] beestes han of kynde to knowe not hem 1296\n self. but whan \u00feat men leten \u00fee knowyng of hem self.\n it come\u00fe hem of vice.\n\n [Sidenote: How weak an error is it to believe that anything\n foreign to your nature can be an ornament to it.]\n\n but how brode shewe\u00fe \u00fee erro{ur}\n {and} \u00fee folie of \u021dow men \u00feat wenen \u00feat ony \u00feing may\n ben apparailled wi\u00fe straunge apparaillement\u021d \u00b6 but 1300\n for-so\u00fee \u00feat may nat be don.\n\n [Sidenote: If a thing appear beautiful on account of its external\n embellishments, we admire and praise those embellishments alone.]\n\n for yif a wy\u021dt shyne\u00fe wi\u00fe\n \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat ben put to hym. as \u00feus. yif \u00feilke \u00feinges\n shynen wi\u00fe whiche a man is apparailled. \u00b6 Certis\n \u00feilke \u00feinges ben commendid {and} p{re}ised wi\u00fe whiche 1304\n he is apparailled.\n\n [Sidenote: The thing covered still continues in its natural\n impurity.]\n\n \u00b6 But na\u00feeles \u00fee \u00feing \u00feat is\n couered {and} wrapped vndir \u00feat dwelle\u00fe in his fil\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: I deny that to be a good which is hurtful to its\n owner.]\n\n and I denye \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing be good \u00feat anoye\u00fe hym\n \u00feat ha\u00fe it.\n\n [Sidenote: Am I deceived in this? You will say no; for riches have\n often hurt their possessors.]\n\n \u00b6 Gabbe I of \u00feis. \u00feou wolt seye nay. 1308\n \u00b6 Certys rycchesse han anoyed ful ofte hem \u00feat han \u00fee\n rycchesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Every wicked man desires another\u2019s wealth, and esteems\n him alone happy who is in possession of riches.]\n\n \u00b6 Syn \u00feat euery wicked shrew {and} for\n hys wickednesse \u00fee more gredy aftir o\u00feer folkes rycchesse\n wher so euer it be in any place. be it golde or 1312\n p{re}cious stones. [[pg 50]]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 13.]]\n\n {and} weni\u00fe hym *only most wor\u00fei \u00feat\n ha\u00fe hem\n\n [Sidenote: You, therefore, who now so much dread the instruments\n of assassination, if you had been born a poor wayfaring man,\n might, with an empty purse, have sung in the face of robbers.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feou \u00fean \u00feat so besy dredest now \u00fee swerde\n {and} \u00fee spere. yif \u00feou haddest entred in \u00fee pa\u00fee of \u00feis\n lijf a voide wayfaryng man. \u00fean woldest \u00feou syng[e] 1316\n by-fore \u00fee \u00feeef. \u00b6 As who sei\u00fe a poure man \u00feat bere\u00fe\n no rycchesse on hym by \u00fee weye. may boldly syng[e]\n byforne \u00feeues. for he ha\u00fe nat wher-of to ben robbed.\n\n [Sidenote: O the transcendant felicity of riches! No sooner have\n you obtained them, than you cease to be secure.]\n\n \u00b6 O preciouse {and} ry\u021dt clere is \u00fee blysfulnesse of 1320\n mortal rycchesse. \u00feat wha{n} \u00feou hast geten it. \u00fean hast\n \u00feou lorn \u00fei syke[r]nesse.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1278 _hire owen_--hir owne\n 1281 _ne_ (2)--omitted\n _vndirstonde_--vndyrstondyn\n 1282 _gret_--MS. grete, C. gret\n 1284 _o\u00feer er\u00feely_--oothre worldly\n _\u00feresten_--threste\n 1285 _by-ne\u00feen_--by-nethe\n _if_--yif\n 1286 _good_--MS. goode, C. good\n _\u00feing_--thinge\n _preciouse_--p{re}syos\n _\u00feilk \u00feing_--thilke thinge\n 1287 _\u00fee_ (2)--tho\n 1288 _summytten_--submitten\n 1289 _self_--seluen\n _foulest[e]_--fowleste\n 1290 _bitidi\u00fe_--tydeth\n 1291 _out_--owte\n _desert_--desertes\n 1292 _al_--alle\n 1293 _self_--selue\n 1294 _it is_--is it\n 1296 [_leuynge_]--from C.\n _hem_--hym\n 1297 _\u00feat_--omitted\n 1298 _come\u00fe_--comth\n 1299 _\u00feing_--thinge\n 1302 _put_--MS. putte, C. put\n 1303 _whiche_--which\n 1306 _fil\u00fee_--felthe\n 1307 _\u00feing_--thinge\n _good_--MS. goode, C. good\n 1308 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1309 _rycchesse_--Rychesses\n _\u00fee_--tho\n 1310 _rycchesse_--Rychesses\n _shrew_--shrewe\n 1311 _rycchesse_--rychesses\n 1312 _golde_--gold\n 1314 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee, C. hat\n _besy_--bysy\n _swerde_--swerd\n 1315 _pa\u00fee_--paath\n 1316 _wayfaryng_--wayferynge\n _syng[e]_--synge\n 1317 _by-fore_--by-forn\n _sei\u00fe_--MS. sei\u00fee, C. seyth\n _poure_--pore\n _bere\u00fe_--berth\n 1318 _boldly syng[e]_--boldely synge\n 1319 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1320 _preciouse_--p{re}cyos\n _clere_--cler\n 1321 _rycchesse_--rychesses\n 1322 _lorn_--MS. lorne, C. lorn]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE GOLDEN AGE.]\n\nFELIX IN MIRU{M} PRIOR ETAS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Happy was the first age of men. They were contented\n with what the faithful earth produced.]\n\n ++Blysful was \u00fee first age of men. \u00feei helden hem\n apaied wi\u00fe \u00fee metes \u00feat \u00fee trewe er\u00fees brou\u021dten 1324\n fur\u00fee. \u00b6 \u00feei ne destroyed[e] ne desceyued[e] not hem\n self wi\u00fe outerage.\n\n [Sidenote: With acorns they satisfied their hunger.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feei weren wont ly\u021dtly to slaken\n her hunger at euene wi\u00fe acornes of okes\n\n [Sidenote: They knew not Hypocras nor Hydromel.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feei ne\n cou\u00fee nat medle \u00fee \u021dift of bacus to \u00fee clere hony. 1328\n \u00feat is to seyn. \u00feei cou\u00fee make no piment of clarre.\n\n [Sidenote: They did not dye the Serian fleece in Tyrian purple.]\n\n ne \u00feei cou\u00fee nat medle \u00fee bri\u021dt[e] flies of \u00fee co{n}tre\n of siriens wi\u00fe \u00fee venym of tirie. \u00feis is to seyne. \u00feei\n cou\u00fee nat dien white flies of sirien contre wi\u00fe \u00fee 1332\n blode of a manar shelfysshe. \u00feat men fynden in tyrie.\n wi\u00fe whiche blode men deien purper.\n\n [Sidenote: They slept upon the grass, and drank of the running\n stream, and reclined under the shadow of the tall pine.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feei slepen\n holesom slepes vpon \u00fee gras. and dronken of \u00fee rynnyng\n watres. {and} laien vndir \u00fee shadowe of \u00fee hey\u021de 1336\n pyne trees.\n\n [Sidenote: No man yet ploughed the deep, nor did the merchant\n traffick with foreign shores.]\n\n \u00b6 Ne no gest ne no straunger [ne] karf\n \u021dit \u00fee heye see wi\u00fe oores or wi\u00fe shippes. ne \u00feei ne\n hadden seyne \u021ditte none newe strondes to leden merchaundyse [[pg 51]]\n in to dyuerse co{n}tres.\n\n [Sidenote: The warlike trumpet was hushed and still.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feo weren \u00fee cruel 1340\n clariou{n}s ful whist {and} ful stille.\n\n [Sidenote: Bloodshed had not yet arisen through hateful quarrels.]\n\n ne blode yshed by\n egre hate ne hadde nat deied \u021dit armurers.\n\n [Sidenote: Nothing could stimulate their rage to engage in war,\n when they saw that wounds and scars were the only meeds.]\n\n for wherto\n or whiche woodenesse of enmys wolde first moeuen\n armes. whan \u00feei seien cruel woundes ne none medes 1344\n ben of blood yshad\n\n [Sidenote: O that those days would come again!]\n\n \u00b6 I wolde \u00feat oure tymes sholde\n turne a\u021deyne to \u00fee oolde maneres.\n\n [Sidenote: The thirst of wealth torments all; it rages more\n fiercely than \u00c6tna\u2019s fires.]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00fee anguissous\n loue of hauyng brenne\u00fe in folke moore cruely \u00fean \u00fee\n fijr of \u00fee Mou{n}taigne of Ethna \u00feat euer brenne\u00fe. 1348\n\n [Sidenote: Cursed be the wretch who first brought gold to light.]\n\n \u00b6 Allas what was he \u00feat first dalf vp \u00fee gobets or\n \u00fee wey\u021dtys of gold couered vndir er\u00fee. {and} \u00fee p{re}cious\n stones \u00feat wolden han ben hid. he dalf vp p{re}cious\n perils. \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat he \u00feat hem first vp dalf. he 1352\n dalf vp a p{re}cious peril.\n\n [Sidenote: It has since proved perilous to many a man.]\n\n for-whi. for \u00fee p{re}ciousnesse\n of swyche ha\u00fe many man ben in peril.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1324 _er\u00fees_--feeldes\n 1325 _fur\u00fee_--forth\n _destroyed[e]_--dystroyede\n 1327 _her_--hyr\n _at_--MS. as, C. at\n _euene_--euen\n 1328 _cou\u00fee_--cowde\n _medle_--medly\n _\u021dift_--yifte\n _clere_--cleer\n 1329 _cou\u00fee_--cowde\n _of_--nor\n 1330 _cou\u00fee_--cowde\n _bri\u021dt[e] flies_--bryhte flee\u021des\n 1331 _siriens_--Seryens\n _seyne_--seyn\n 1332 _cou\u00fee_--cowde\n _dien_--deyen\n _flies_--fle\u021des\n 1333 _blode_--blood\n _shelfysshe_--shyllefyssh\n 1334 _blode_--blood\n 1335 _holesom_--holsom\n _rynnyng watres_--rennynge wateres\n _shadowe_--shadwes\n _hey\u021de_--heye\n 1337 _pyne_--pyn\n _no_ (2)--omitted\n [_ne_]--from C.\n _karf_--karue\n 1339 _hadden seyne \u021ditte_--hadde seyn yit\n 1341 _whist_--hust\n _blode yshed_--blod I-shad\n 1343 _whiche woodenesse_--whych wodnesse\n 1344 _seien_--say\n 1346 _turne a\u021deyne_--torne ayein\n 1347 _folke_--folk\n 1348 _\u00fee_--omitted\n _euer_--ay\n 1351 _hid_--MS. hidde, C. hydd\n 1352 _seyne_--seyn\n _he_ (2)--omitted\n 1354 _swyche_--swych thinge\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _ben_--be]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n OF DIGNITIES AND POWERS.]\n\nQUID AUTE{M} DE DIGNITATIB{US} {ET} C{ETERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The sixte p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: But why should I discourse of dignities and powers\n which (though you are ignorant of true honour and real power) you\n extol to the skies?]\n\n ++But what shal I seyne of dignitees {and} of powers.\n \u00fee whiche [ye] men \u00fe{a}t nei\u00feer knowen verray dignitee 1356\n ne verray power areysen hem as heye as \u00fee\n heuene.\n\n [Sidenote: When they fall to the lot of a wicked man, they produce\n greater calamities than the flaming eruption of \u00c6tna, or the most\n impetuous deluge.]\n\n \u00fee whiche dignitees {and} powers yif \u00feei come\n to any wicked man \u00feei don [as] greet[e] damages {and}\n distrucc{i}ou{n} as do\u00fe \u00fee fla{m}me of \u00fee Mou{n}taigne 1360\n Ethna whan \u00fee fla{m}me wit walwi\u00fe vp ne no deluge\n ne do\u00fe so cruel harmes.\n\n [Sidenote: You remember that your ancestors desired to abolish the\n Consular government (the commencement of the Roman liberty),\n because of the pride of the Consuls; as their ancestors before for\n the same consideration had suppressed the title of King.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys ye remembri\u00fe wel\n as I trowe \u00feat \u00feilke dignitee \u00feat men clepi\u00fe \u00fee emperie\n of {con}sulers \u00fee whiche \u00feat somtyme was bygynnyng 1364\n of fredom. \u00b6 \u021coure eldres coueiteden to han\n don a-wey \u00feat dignitee for \u00fee p{r}ide of \u00fee conseilers.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1355 _seyne_--seye\n 1358 _come_--comen\n 1359 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n _[as] greet[e]_--as grete\n 1360 _distruccioun_--destrucciou{n}s\n _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee, C. doth\n _flamme_--flaumbe\n 1361 _flamme_--flawmbe\n _wit_--omitted\n 1362 _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee, C. doth\n 1363 _clepi\u00fe_--clepyn\n 1364 _whiche_--whych\n _somtyme_--whilom\n 1366 _for_--MS. of, C. for]\n\n [[pg 52]]\n [Headnote:\n HONOURS NOT INTRINSICALLY GOOD,]\n\n \u00b6 And ry\u021dt for \u00fee same p{r}ide \u021doure eldres byforne \u00feat\n tyme hadden don awey out of \u00fee Citee of rome \u00fee 1368\n kynges name. \u00feat is to seien. \u00feei nolden haue no\n lenger no kyng \u00b6 But now yif so be \u00fe{a}t dignitees\n {and} powers ben \u021deuen to goode men. \u00fee whiche \u00feing\n is ful \u021delde. what agreable \u00fei{n}ges is \u00feer in \u00feo dignitees. 1372\n or powers. but only \u00fee goodenes of folk \u00feat vsen hem.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1368 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 1369 _seien_--seyn\n 1370 _lenger_--lenger{e}\n _kyng_--kynge\n 1371 _whiche_--which\n 1373 _folk_--foolkys]\n\n [Headnote:\n FOR THEY FALL TO THE LOT OF THE WICKED.]\n\n [Sidenote: Virtue is not embellished by dignities, but dignities\n derive honour from virtue.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feerfore it is \u00feus \u00feat hono{ur} ne come\u00fe nat to\n vertue for cause of dignite. but a\u021deinward. hono{ur}\n come\u00fe to dignite by cause of vertue.\n\n [Sidenote: But what is this power, so much celebrated and\n desired?]\n\n but whiche is 1376\n \u021doure derwor\u00fee power \u00feat is so clere {and} so requerable\n\n [Sidenote: What are they over whom you exercise authority?]\n\n \u00b6 O \u021de er\u00feelyche bestes considere \u021de nat ouer whiche\n \u00feing \u00feat it seme\u00fe \u00feat \u021de han power.\n\n [Sidenote: If thou sawest a mouse assuming command over other\n mice, wouldst thou not almost burst with laughter?]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 13 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 Now yif \u00feou\n say[e] a mouse amo{n}g{us} *o\u00feer myse \u00feat chalenged[e] to 1380\n hymself ward ry\u021dt {and} power ouer alle o\u00feer myse. how\n gret scorne woldest \u00feou han of hit. \u00b6\u00a0_Glosa._ \u00b6 So\n fare\u00fe it by men. \u00fee body ha\u00fe power ouer \u00fee body.\n\n [Sidenote: What is more feeble than man, to whom the bite of a fly\n may be the cause of death?]\n\n For yif \u00feow loke wel vpon \u00fee body of a wy\u021dt what 1384\n \u00feing shalt \u00feou fynde moore frele \u00fean is mannes kynde.\n \u00fee whiche ben ful ofte slayn wi\u00fe bytynge of smale\n flies. or ellys wi\u00fe \u00fee entryng of crepyng wormes in to\n \u00fee priuetees of mennes bodyes.\n\n [Sidenote: But how can any man obtain dominion over another,\n unless it be over his body, or, what is inferior to his\n body,--over his possessions, the gifts of Fortune?]\n\n \u00b6 But wher shal 1388\n men fynden any man \u00feat may exercen or haunten any\n ry\u021dt vpon an o\u00feer ma{n} but oonly vpon hys body. or\n ellys vpo{n} \u00feinges \u00feat ben lower \u00feen \u00fee body. whiche\n I clepe fortunous possessiou{n}s\n\n [Sidenote: Can you ever command a freeborn soul?]\n\n \u00b6 Mayst \u00feou euer haue 1392\n any comaundement ouer a fre corage\n\n [Sidenote: Can you disturb a soul consistent with itself, and knit\n together by the bond of reason?]\n\n \u00b6 Mayst \u00feou\n remuen fro \u00fee estat of hys p{ro}pre reste. a \u00feou\u021dt \u00feat is\n cleuyng to gider in hym self by stedfast resou{n}. \u00b6 As\n somtyme a tiraunt wende to co{n}founde a freeman of 1396\n corage \u00b6 {And} wende to co{n}streyne hym by to{ur}ment [[pg 53]]\n to maken hym dyscoueren {and} acusen folk \u00feat wisten\n of a coniurac{i}ou{n}. whiche I clepe a confederacie \u00feat\n was cast a\u021deins \u00feis tyraunt\n\n [Sidenote: Have you not read how Anaxarchus bit off his tongue and\n spat it in the face of Nicocreon?]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00feis free man boot 1400\n of hys owen tunge. {and} cast it in \u00fee visage of \u00feilke\n woode tyrau{n}te. \u00b6 So \u00feat \u00fee to{ur}ment\u021d \u00feat \u00feis\n tyrau{n}t wende to han maked mater{e} of cruelte. \u00feis\n wyse man maked[e it] matere of vertues.\n\n [Sidenote: What is it that one man can do to another that does not\n admit of retaliation?]\n\n \u00b6 But what 1404\n \u00feing is it \u00feat a man may don to an o\u00feer man. \u00feat he\n ne may receyue \u00fee same \u00feing of o\u00feer folke i{n} hym\n self. or \u00feus. \u00b6 What may a man don to folk. \u00feat folk\n ne may don hym \u00fee same.\n\n [Sidenote: Busiris used to kill his guests, but at last himself\n was killed by Hercules, his guest.]\n\n \u00b6 I haue herd told of 1408\n busirides \u00feat was wo{n}t to sleen hys gestes \u00feat herburghden\n in hys hous. and he was slayn hym self of\n ercules \u00feat was hys gest\n\n [Sidenote: Regulus put his Carthaginian prisoners in chains, but\n was afterwards obliged to submit to the fetters of his enemies.]\n\n \u00b6 Regulus had[de] taken in\n bataile many men of affrike. and cast hem in to fetteres. 1412\n but sone after he most[e] \u021diue hys handes to\n ben bounden w{i}t{h} \u00fee cheynes of hem \u00feat he had[de]\n somtyme ou{er}comen.\n\n [Sidenote: Is he mighty that dares not inflict what he would upon\n another for fear of a requital?]\n\n \u00b6 Wenest \u00feou \u00fean \u00feat he be\n my\u021dty. \u00feat may nat don a \u00feing. \u00feat o\u00feer ne may don 1416\n hym. \u00feat he do\u00fe to o\u00feer.\n\n [Sidenote: If powers and honours were intrinsically good, they\n would never be attained by the wicked.]\n\n {and} \u021dit more ou{er} yif it so\n were \u00feat \u00feise dignites or poweres hadden any p{ro}pre\n or naturel goodnesse in hem self neuer nolden \u00feei\n comen to shrewes.\n\n [Sidenote: An union of things opposite is repugnant to nature.]\n\n \u00b6 For contrarious \u00feinges ne ben 1420\n not wont to ben yfelawshiped togidres. \u00b6 Nature refuse\u00fe\n \u00feat contra[r]ious \u00feinges ben yioigned.\n\n [Sidenote: But as wicked men do obtain the highest honours, it is\n clear that honours are not in themselves good, otherwise they\n would not fall to the share of the unworthy.]\n\n \u00b6 And so\n as I am in certeyne \u00feat ry\u021dt wikked folk han dignitees\n ofte tymes. \u00fean shewe\u00fe it wel \u00feat dignitees {and} powers 1424\n ne ben not goode of hir owen kynde. syn \u00feat \u00feei suffren\n hem self to cleue{n} or ioynen hem to shrewes.\n\n [Sidenote: The worst of men have often the largest share of\n Fortune\u2019s gifts.]\n\n \u00b6 And certys \u00fee same \u00feing may most digneliche Iugen\n {and} seyen of alle \u00fee \u021diftis of fortune\n \u00feat most plenteuously [[pg 54]]\n comen to shrewes.\n\n [Sidenote: We judge him to be valiant who has given evidence of\n his fortitude.]\n\n \u00b6 Of \u00fee whiche \u021diftys I 1429\n trowe \u00feat it au\u021dt[e] ben considered \u00feat no man douti\u00fe\n \u00feat he nis strong. in whom he see\u00fe streng\u00fee. {and} in\n whom \u00feat swiftnesse is \u00b6 So\u00fee it is \u00feat he is swyfte. 1432\n\n [Sidenote: So music maketh a musician, &c.]\n\n Also musyk make\u00fe musiciens. {and} fysik make\u00fe phisiciens.\n {and} rethorik rethoriens.\n\n [Sidenote: The nature of everything consists in doing what is\n peculiar to itself, and it repels what is contrary to it.]\n\n \u00b6 For whi \u00fee nature\n of euery \u00feing maki\u00fe his p{ro}pretee. ne it is nat\n ent{er}medled wi\u00fe \u00fee effect{is} of co{n}trarious \u00feinges. 1436\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1374 _come\u00fe_--comth\n 1375, 1376 _vertue_--vertu\n 1376 _come\u00fe_--comth\n _by_--for\n _whiche_--which\n 1377 _derwor\u00fee_--dereworthe\n _clere_--cleer\n 1378 _whiche_--which\n 1379 _han_--MS. hanne, C. han\n 1380 _say[e]_--saye\n _mouse amongus_--mous amonges\n _myse_--mus\u021d\n 1382 _scorne_--scorn\n 1383 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1385 _mannes_--man\n 1386 _\u00fee----slayn_--the whiche men wel ofte ben slayn\n 1388 _mennes bodyes_--mannes body\n 1391 _lower_--lower{e}\n _whiche_--the which\n 1395 _stedfast_--stidefast\n 1396 _somtyme_--whylom\n 1399 _whiche_--which\n 1401 _owen_--owne\n 1406 _receyue_--resseyuen\n _o\u00feer_--oothre\n 1408 _herd told_--MS. herde tolde, C. herd told\n 1409 _hys_--hise\n _herburghden_--herberweden\n 1410 _slayn_--sleyn\n 1411 _had[de]_--hadde\n 1413 _most[e]_--moste\n 1414 _bounden_--bownde\n _cheynes_--MS. \u00feeues, C. cheynes\n _had[de]_--hadde\n 1415 _somtyme_--whylom\n 1416 _\u00feat----\u00feing_--that hath no power to don a thinge\n _o\u00feer_--oothre\n 1417 _hym_--in hym\n _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee, C. doth\n _to o\u00feer_--in oothre\n 1421 _togidres_--to-gider{e}\n 1423 _certeyne_--certein\n 1424 _tymes_--tyme\n 1425 _owen_--owne\n 1429 _whiche_--which\n 1430 _au\u021dt[e]_--owhte\n 1432 _So\u00fee_--soth\n _swyfte_--swyft\n 1435 _is_--nis\n 1436 _effectis_--effect]\n\n [Headnote:\n POWER DOES NOT CONFER GOODNESS.]\n\n \u00b6 And as of wil it chase\u00fe oute \u00feinges \u00feat to it ben\n contrarie\n\n [Sidenote: Riches cannot restrain avarice. Power cannot make a man\n master of himself if he is the slave of his lusts.]\n\n \u00b6 But certys rycchesse may nat restreyne\n auarice vnstaunched \u00b6 Ne power [ne] make\u00fe nat a\n ma{n} my\u021dty ouer hym self. whiche \u00feat vicious lustis 1440\n holden destreined wi\u00fe cheins \u00feat ne mowen nat ben\n vnbounden.\n\n [Sidenote: Dignities conferred upon base men do not make them\n worthy, but rather expose their want of merit.]\n\n {and} dignitees \u00feat ben \u021deuen to shrewed[e]\n folk nat oonly ne maki\u00fe hem nat digne. but it shewe\u00fe\n ra\u00feer al openly \u00feat \u00feei ben vnwor\u00fei {and} vndigne. 1444\n\n [Sidenote: Why is it so? \u2019Tis because you give false names to\n things. You dignify riches, power, and honours, with names they\n have no title to.]\n\n \u00b6\u00a0And whi is it \u00fe{us}. \u00b6 Certis for \u021de han ioye to\n clepen \u00feinges wi\u00fe fals[e] names. \u00feat beren hem al in\n \u00fee co{n}t{ra}rie. \u00fee whiche names ben ful ofte reproued\n by \u00fee effect of \u00fee same \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 14.]]\n\n so \u00feat *\u00feise ilke rycchesse 1448\n ne au\u021dten nat by ry\u021dt to ben cleped rycchesse.\n ne whiche power ne au\u021dt[e] not ben cleped power. ne\n whiche dignitee ne au\u021dt[e] nat ben cleped dignitee.\n\n [Sidenote: In fine, the same may be said of all the gifts of\n Fortune, in which nothing is desirable, nothing of natural good in\n them, since they are not always allotted to good men, nor make\n them good to whom they are attached.]\n\n \u00b6 And at \u00fee laste I may conclude \u00fee same \u00feinge of 1452\n al \u00fee \u021diftes of fortune in whiche \u00feer nis no \u00feing to\n ben desired. ne \u00feat ha\u00fe in hym self naturel bounte.\n \u00b6 as it is ful wel sene. for ney\u00feer \u00feei ne ioygne{n}\n hem nat alwey to goode men. ne maken hem alwey 1456\n goode to who{m} \u00feei be{n} y-ioigned.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1437 _oute_--owt\n 1441 _ben_--be\n 1442 _shrewed[e]_--shrewede\n 1446 _fals[e]_--false\n _al_--alle\n 1447 _whiche_--which\n 1449 _au\u021dten_--owhten\n _rycchesse_--rychesses\n 1450 _whiche_--swich\n _au\u021dt[e]_--owhte\n 1451 _whiche_--swich\n _au\u021dt[e]_--owht\n 1453 _al_--alle\n 1454 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1455 _sene_--I-seene]\n\n\n [[pg 55]]\n [Headnote:\n NERO\u2019S CRUELTY.]\n\nNOUIMUS QUANTOS DEDERAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The sixte Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: We know what ruin Nero did.]\n\n ++WE han wel knowen how many g{r}eet[e] harmes {and}\n destrucc{i}ou{n}s weren do\u00f1 by \u00fee Emp{er}oure Nero.\n\n [Sidenote: He burnt Rome, he slew the conscript fathers, murdered\n his brother, and spilt his mother\u2019s blood.]\n\n \u00b6 He letee brenne \u00fee citee of Rome {and} made slen \u00fee 1460\n senato{ur}s. and he cruel somtyme slou\u021d hys bro\u00feer. {and}\n he was maked moyst wi\u00fe \u00fee blood of hys modir. \u00feat is\n to seyn he let sleen {and} slitte{n} \u00fee body of his modir to\n seen where he was conceiued.\n\n [Sidenote: He looked unmoved upon his mother\u2019s corpse, and passed\n judgment upon her beauty.]\n\n {and} he loked[e] on euery 1464\n half vpon hir colde dede body. ne no tere ne wette\n his face. but he was so hard herted \u00feat he my\u021dt[e] ben\n domesman or Iuge of hire dede beaute.\n\n [Sidenote: Yet this parricide ruled over all lands, illumined by\n the sun in his diurnal course, and controlled the frozen regions\n of the pole.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u021ditte\n neuer\u00feeles gouerned[e] \u00feis Nero by Ceptre al \u00fee peoples 1468\n \u00feat phebus \u00fee sonne may seen comyng from his outerest\n arysyng til he hidde his bemes vndir \u00fee wawes. \u00b6 \u00feat\n is to seyne. he gouerned[e] alle \u00fee peoples by Ceptre imp{er}ial\n \u00feat \u00fee so{n}ne go\u00fe aboute from est to west \u00b6 And 1472\n eke \u00feis Nero goueyrende by Ceptre. alle \u00fee peoples \u00feat\n ben vndir \u00fee colde sterres \u00feat hy\u021dten \u00fee seuene triones.\n \u00feis is to seyn he gouerned[e] alle \u00fee poeples \u00feat ben vndir\n \u00fee p{ar}ties of \u00fee nor\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: He governed, too, the people in the torrid zone.]\n\n \u00b6 And eke Nero gouerned[e] 1476\n alle \u00fee poeples \u00feat \u00fee violent wynde Nothus scorchi\u00fe\n {and} baki\u00fe \u00fee brennynge sandes by his drie hete. \u00feat\n is to seyne. alle \u00fee poeples in \u00fee sou\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: But yet Nero\u2019s power could not tame his ferocious\n mind.]\n\n [but yit ne\n myhte nat al his heye power torne the woodnesse of 1480\n this wykkyd nero /\n\n [Sidenote: It is a grievous thing when power strengthens the arm\n of him whose will prompts him to deeds of cruelty.]\n\n Allas it is greuous fortune it is]. as\n ofte as wicked swerde is ioygned to cruel venym. \u00feat is\n to sein. venimous cruelte to lordshipe.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1458 _greet[e]_--grete\n 1460 _letee_--let\n 1461 _somtyme slou\u021d_--whilom slow\n 1463 _let_--lette\n 1464 _where_--wher\n 1465 _half_--halue\n 1466 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 1467 _hire_--hyr\n 1468 _neuer\u00feeles_--natheles\n _gouerned[e]_--gou{er}nede\n _al_--alle\n 1469 _from_--fram\n _outerest_--owtereste\n 1470 _hidde_--hide\n 1471 _seyne_--seyn\n 1472 _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee, C. goth\n 1473 _goueyrende_--gou{er}nyd\n 1474 _triones_--tyryones\n 1475 _gouerned[e]_--gou{er}nede\n 1476 _parties_--p{ar}ty\n _nor\u00fee_--north\n _gouerned[e]_--gou{er}nede\n 1477 _wynde_--wynd\n _scorchi\u00fe_--scorklith\n 1479 _seyne_--seyn\n _sou\u00fee_--sowth\n 1479-81 [_but----it is_]--MS. _has_: but ne how greuous fortune is\n 1482 _swerde_--swerd]\n\n\n [[pg 56]]\n [Headnote:\n THE LOVE OF GLORY.]\n\nTU{M} EGO SCIS INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The seuende p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Thou knowest that I did not covet mortal and\n transitory things.]\n\n ++\u00deAnne seide I \u00feus. \u00feou wost wel \u00feiself \u00feat \u00fee 1484\n couetise of mortal \u00feinges ne hadden neuer lordshipe\n of me. but I haue wel desired matere of \u00feinges\n to done. as who sei\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: I only wished to exercise my virtue in public concerns,\n lest it should grow feeble by inactivity.]\n\n I desired[e] to han matere of\n gou{er}naunce ouer comunalites. \u00b6 For vertue stille ne 1488\n sholde not elden. \u00feat is to seyn. \u00feat list \u00feat or he wex\n olde \u00b6 His uertue \u00feat lay now ful stille. ne sholde\n nat p{er}isshe vnexcercised i{n} gouernaunce of comune.\n \u00b6 For whiche men my\u021dten speke or write{n} of his 1492\n goode gouernement.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ A love of glory is one of those things that may\n captivate minds naturally great, but not yet arrived at the\n perfection of virtue.]\n\n \u00b6\u00a0_Philosophie._ \u00b6 For so\u00fee q{uo}d\n she. {and} \u00feat is a \u00feing \u00feat may drawen to gouernaunce\n swiche hertes as ben wor\u00fei {and} noble of hir nature.\n but na\u00feeles it may nat drawen or tollen swiche hertes as 1496\n ben y-brou\u021dt to \u00fee ful[le] p{er}fecciou{n} of vertue. \u00feat is\n to seyn couetyse of glorie {and} renou{n} to han wel\n administred \u00fee comune \u00feinges. or doon goode decertes\n to p{ro}fit of \u00fee comune.\n\n [Sidenote: But consider how small and void of weight is that\n glory.]\n\n for se now {and} considere how 1500\n litel {and} how voide of al prise is \u00feilke glorie.\n\n [Sidenote: Astronomy teaches us that this globe of earth is but a\n speck compared with the extent of the heavens, and is as nothing\n if compared with the magnitude of the celestial sphere.]\n\n \u00b6 Certeine\n \u00feing is as \u00feou hast lerned by demonstrac{i}ou{n} of\n astronomye \u00feat al \u00fee envyronynge of \u00fee er\u00fee aboute\n ne halt but \u00fee resou{n} of a prykke at regard of \u00fee gretnesse 1504\n of heuene. \u00feat is to seye. \u00feat yif \u00feat \u00feer were\n maked co{m}parisou{n} of \u00fee er\u00fee to \u00fee gretnesse of\n heuene. men wolde Iugen in alle \u00feat er\u00fee [ne] helde\n no space\n\n [Sidenote: Ptolemy shows that only one-fourth of this earth is\n inhabited by living creatures.]\n\n \u00b6 Of \u00fee whiche litel regiou{n} of \u00feis worlde 1508\n \u00fee fer\u00fee partie is enhabitid wi\u00fe lyuyng beestes \u00feat\n we knowen. as \u00feou hast \u00fei self lerned by tholome \u00feat\n p{ro}uit\u0127 it.\n\n [Sidenote: Deduct from this the space occupied by seas, marshes,\n lakes, and deserts, and there remains but a small proportion left\n for the abode of man.]\n\n \u00b6 yif \u00feou haddest wi\u00fe drawen {and} abated\n in \u00fei \u00feou\u021dte fro \u00feilke fer\u00fee partie as myche space as \u00fee 1512\n see {and} [the] mareys contenen {and} ouergon {and} as\n myche space as \u00fee regiou{n} of droughte ou{er}strecche\u00fe.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1487 _desired[e]_--desyr{e}\n 1489 _wex olde_--wax old\n 1492 _whiche_--which\n _speke_--spekyn\n 1496 _tollen_--MS. tellen, C. tollen\n 1497 _ful[le]_--fulle\n 1501 _al prise_--alle prys\n 1505 _seye_--seyn\n 1507 _wolde_--woldyn\n _alle_--al\n [_ne_]--from C.\n 1510 _lerned_--ylerned\n 1512 _\u00feou\u021dte_--thowht\n _myche_--moche\n 1513 [_the_]--from C.\n 1514 _myche space_--moche spaces]\n\n [[pg 57]]\n [Headnote:\n FAME IS CIRCUMSCRIBED.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 14 _b_.]]\n\n \u00feat is to seye sandes {and} desertes wel vnne\u00fe sholde\n *\u00feer dwellen a ry\u021dt streite place to \u00fee habitaciou{n} of 1516\n men.\n\n [Sidenote: And do you, who are confined to the least point of this\n point, think of nothing but of blazing far and wide your name and\n reputation?]\n\n {and} \u021de \u00fean \u00feat ben environed {and} closed wi\u00fe\n i{n}ne \u00fee leest[e] prikke of \u00feilk prikke \u00feenke \u021de to\n manifesten \u021doure renou{n} {and} don \u021doure name to ben\n born for\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: What is there great in a glory so circumscribed?]\n\n but \u021dour{e} glorie \u00feat is so narwe {and} so 1520\n streyt y\u00feronge{n} in to so litel boundes. how myche\n contein\u00fee it in largesse {and} in greet doynge.\n\n [Sidenote: Even in this contracted circle, there is a great\n variety of nations, to whom not only the fame of particular men,\n but even of great cities, cannot extend.]\n\n And also\n sette \u00feis \u00feer to \u00feat many a nac{i}ou{n} dyuerse of tonge\n {and} of maneres. {and} eke of resou{n} of hir lyuyng ben 1524\n enhabitid in \u00fee cloos of \u00feilke litel habitacle. \u00b6\u00a0To \u00fee\n whiche nac{i}ou{n}s what for difficulte of weyes. {and} what\n for diu{er}site of langages. {and} what for defaute of\n vnusage entercomunynge of marchau{n}dise. nat only \u00fee 1528\n names of singler men ne may [nat] strecchen. but eke\n \u00fee fame of Citees ne may nat strecchen.\n\n [Sidenote: In the time of Marcus Tullius the fame of Rome did not\n reach beyond Mount Caucasus.]\n\n \u00b6 At \u00fee\n last[e] Certis in \u00fee tyme of Marcus tulyus as hym\n self write\u00fe in his book \u00feat \u00fee renou{n} of \u00fee comune of 1532\n Rome ne hadde nat \u021ditte passed ne clou{m}ben ou{er} \u00fee\n mou{n}taigne \u00feat hy\u021dt Caucasus. {and} \u021ditte was \u00feilk\n tyme rome wel wexen {and} gretly redouted of \u00fee p{ar}thes.\n and eke of o\u00feer folk enhabityng aboute.\n\n [Sidenote: How narrow, then, is that glory which you labour to\n propagate.]\n\n \u00b6 Sest \u00feou 1536\n nat \u00fean how streit {and} how comp{re}ssed is \u00feilke glorie\n \u00feat \u021de t{ra}uaile{n} aboute to shew {and} to multiplie.\n\n [Sidenote: Shall the glory of a Roman citizen reach those places\n where the name even of Rome was never heard?]\n\n May \u00fean \u00fee glorie of a singlere Romeyne strecchen \u00feider\n as \u00fee fame of \u00fee name of Rome may nat clymben ne 1540\n passen.\n\n [Sidenote: Customs and institutions differ in different\n countries.]\n\n \u00b6 And eke sest \u00fe{o}u nat \u00feat \u00fee maners of\n diu{er}se folk {and} eke hir lawes ben discordau{n}t amonge\n hem self.\n\n [Sidenote: What is praise-worthy in one is blame-worthy in\n another.]\n\n so \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat so{m}men iugen wor\u00fei of\n p{re}ysynge. o\u00feer folk iugen \u00feat it is wor\u00fei of torment. 1544\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1515 _seye_--seyn\n 1516 _streite_--streyt\n 1517 _\u00fean_--thanne\n 1518 _inne_--in\n _leest[e]_--leste\n _\u00feilk_--thilke\n _\u00feenke \u021de_--thinken ye\n 1520 _born for\u00fee_--MS. borne, C. born, forth\n _narwe_--narwh\n 1521 _streyt_--streyte\n _myche_--mochel\n 1522 _contein\u00fee_--coueyteth\n 1525 _habitacle_--MS. habitache, C. habytacule\n 1529 [_nat_]--from C.\n 1531 _last[e]_--laste\n 1532 _write\u00fe_--writ\n 1533 _hadde_--hadden\n _\u021ditte_--omitted\n 1534 _hy\u021dt_--hyhte\n _\u00feilk_--thikke\n 1535 _wexen_--waxen\n 1536 _Sest \u00feou_--sestow\n 1538 _shew_--shewe\n 1539 _singlere_--singler]\n\n [Headnote:\n FAME IS NOT ETERNAL.]\n\n [Sidenote: It is not the interest of any man who desires renown to\n have his name spread through many countries.]\n\n \u00b6 and \u00feer of come\u00fe \u00feat \u00feou\u021d a man delite hy{m} in\n p{re}ysyng of his renou{n}. he ne may nat i{n} no wise [[pg 58]]\n bryngen fur\u00fee ne sprede{n} his name to many manere\n peoples.\n\n [Sidenote: He ought, therefore, to be satisfied with the glory he\n has acquired at home.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feerfore euery man{er} man au\u021dte to ben 1548\n paied of hys glorie \u00feat is puplissed among hys owen\n ney\u021dbores.\n\n [Sidenote: But of how many personages, illustrious in their times,\n have the memorials been lost through the carelessness and neglect\n of writers.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feilke noble renou{n} shal be\n restreyned wi\u00fe-i{n}ne \u00fee boundes of o maner folk but how\n many a man \u00feat was ful noble in his tyme. ha\u00fe \u00fee 1552\n nedy {and} wrecched for\u021detynge of writers put oute of\n mynde {and} don awey.\n\n [Sidenote: But writings do not preserve the names of men for\n ever.]\n\n \u00b6 Al be it so \u00feat certys \u00feilke\n writynges p{ro}fiten litel. \u00fee whiche writy{n}ges longe {and}\n derke elde do\u00fe aweye bo\u00fee he{m} {and} eke her auto{ur}s. 1556\n\n [Sidenote: But perhaps you suppose that you shall secure\n immortality if your names are transmitted to future ages.]\n\n but \u021de men semen to geten \u021dow a p{er}durablete whan \u021de\n \u00feenke \u00feat in tyme comyng \u021doure fame shal lasten.\n\n [Sidenote: If you consider the infinite space of eternity you will\n have no reason to rejoice in this supposition.]\n\n \u00b6 But\n na\u00feeles yif \u00feou wilt maken co{m}parisou{n} to \u00fee endeles\n space of eternite what \u00feing hast \u00feou by whiche \u00feou 1560\n maist reioysen \u00fee of lo{n}g lastyng of \u00fei name.\n\n [Sidenote: If a _moment_ be compared with 10,000 years, there is a\n proportion between them, though a very small one.]\n\n \u00b6 For\n if \u00feer were maked co{m}parysou{n} of \u00fee abidyng of a\n mome{n}t to ten \u00feousand wynter. for as myche as bo\u00fee\n \u00feo spaces ben endid. \u00b6 For \u021dit ha\u00fe \u00fee moment some 1564\n porciou{n} of hit al \u00feou\u021d it a litel be.\n\n [Sidenote: But this number of years, multiplied by whatever sum\n you please, vanishes when compared with the infinite extent of\n eternity.]\n\n \u00b6 But na\u00feeles\n \u00feilke self nou{m}bre of \u021deres. and eke as many \u021deres as\n \u00feer to may be multiplied. ne may nat certys be comparisou{n}d\n to \u00fee p{er}durablete \u00feat is een[de]les.\n\n [Sidenote: There may be comparison between finite things, but none\n between the infinite and finite.]\n\n \u00b6 For of 1568\n \u00feinges \u00feat han ende may be mad co{m}parisou{n} [but of\n thinges that ben w{i}t{h}-owtyn ende to thinges \u00fe{a}t han ende\n may be maked no {com}parysou{n}].\n\n [Sidenote: Hence it is, that Fame (however lasting), compared with\n eternity, will seem absolutely nothing.]\n\n \u00b6 And for \u00fei is it al\n \u00feou\u021d renou{n} of as longe tyme as euer \u00fee lyst to \u00feinken 1572\n were \u00feou\u021dt by \u00fee regard of et{er}nite. \u00feat is vnstauncheable\n {and} infinit. it ne sholde nat oonly semen litel. but\n pleinliche ry\u021dt nou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: But yet you do good from no other view than to have the\n empty applause of the people, foregoing the pleasures of a good\n conscience in order to have the insignificant praises of other\n people.]\n\n \u00b6 But \u021de men certys ne konne\n don no \u00feing ary\u021dt. but \u021dif it be for \u00fee audience of poeple. [[pg 59]]\n {and} for ydel rumo{ur}s. {and} \u021de forsaken \u00fee grete wor\u00feinesse 1577\n of conscience {and} of vertue. {and} \u021de seke{n} \u021doure\n gerdou{n}s of \u00fee smale wordes of st{ra}nge folke.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1545 _come\u00fe_--comth it\n 1547 _fur\u00fee_--forth\n _manere_--maner\n 1548 _\u00feerfore_--ther-for\n _au\u021dte_--owhte\n 1549 _paied_--apayed\n _hys owen_--hise owne\n 1550 _ney\u021dbores_--nesshebours\n _be_--ben\n 1552 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1553 _put_ (MS. _putte_) _oute_--put owt\n 1556 _derke_--derk\n _do\u00fe aweye_--MS. do\u00fee, C. doth a-wey\n _her autours_--hir actorros\n 1557 _\u021de_--yow\n _semen_--semeth\n 1558 _comyng_--to comynge\n 1559 _wilt_--wolt\n 1560 _whiche_--which\n 1563 _myche_--mochel\n 1564 _\u00feo_--the\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _some_--som\n 1566 _self_--selue\n 1567 _be_ (2)--ben\n 1568 _een[de]les_--endeles\n 1569 _mad_--MS. made, C. maked\n [_but----comparysoun_]--from C.\n 1573 _by_--to]\n\n [Headnote:\n VANITY REPROVED.]\n\n [Sidenote: This silly vanity was once thus ingeniously and\n pleasantly rallied.]\n\n \u00b6 Haue now here {and} vndirstonde i{n} \u00fee ly\u021dtnesse of whiche 1580\n p{r}ide {and} veyne glorie. how a man scorned[e] festiualy\n {and} myrily swiche vanite.\n\n [Sidenote: A certain man, who had assumed the name of a\n philosopher through a love of vain-glory, was told by a man of\n humour that he could prove he was a philosopher by bearing\n patiently the injuries offered him.]\n\n somtyme \u00feere was a man \u00feat\n had[de] assaied wi\u00fe striuyng wordes an o\u00feer ma{n}. \u00b6 \u00fee\n whiche nat for vsage of verrey vertue. but for proude 1584\n veyne glorie had[de] take{n} vpon hym falsly \u00fee name\n of a philosopher. \u00b6 \u00feis ra\u00feer man \u00feat I speke of\n \u00feou\u021dt[e] he wolde assay[e] where he \u00feilke were a\n philosopher or no.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 15.]]\n\n \u00feat is to seyne yif he wolde han suffred 1588\n ly\u021dtly in pacience \u00fee wro{n}ges *\u00feat weren don vnto hym.\n\n [Sidenote: After counterfeiting patience for a while, the sophist\n said to the other, \u2018You must surely confess that I am a\n philosopher.\u2019]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feis feined[e] philosophre took pacience a\n litel while. {and} whan he hadde receiued wordes of\n outerage he as in stryuynge a\u021deine {and} reioysynge of 1592\n hym self seide at \u00fee last[e] ry\u021dt \u00feus. \u00b6 vndirstondest\n \u00feou nat \u00feat I am a philosophere.\n\n [Sidenote: \u2018I might have believed it,\u2019 said the other, \u2018had you\n held your tongue.\u2019]\n\n \u00feat o\u00feer man answered[e]\n a\u021dein ful bityngly {and} seide. \u00b6 I had[de]\n wel vndirstonden [yt]. yif \u00feou haddest holde{n} \u00fei tonge 1596\n stille.\n\n [Sidenote: What advantage is it to great and worthy men to be\n extolled after death?]\n\n \u00b6 But what is it to \u00feise noble wor\u00fei men.\n For certys of swyche folk speke .I. \u00feat seken glorie wi\u00fe\n vertue. what is it q{uo}d she. what atteini\u00fe fame to\n swiche folk whan \u00fee body is resolued by \u00fee dee\u00fe. atte 1600\n \u00fee last[e].\n\n [Sidenote: If body and soul die, then there can be no glory; nor\n can there be when he (to whom it is ascribed) does not exist.]\n\n \u00b6 For yif so be \u00feat men dien in al. \u00feat is\n to seyne body {and} soule. \u00fee whiche \u00feing oure resou{n}\n defendi\u00fe vs to byleuen \u00feanne is \u00feere no glorie in no\n wyse. For what sholde \u00feilke glorie ben. for he of 1604\n who{m} \u00feis glorie is seid to be nis ry\u021dt nou\u021dt in no wise.\n\n [Sidenote: But if the soul is immortal when it leaves the body, it\n takes no thought of the joys of this world.]\n\n and \u021dif \u00fee soule whiche \u00feat ha\u00fe in it self science of\n goode werkes vnbounden fro \u00fee p{r}isou{n} of \u00fee er\u00fee [[pg 60]]\n wende\u00fe frely to \u00fee heuene. dispise\u00fe it nou\u021dt \u00fean alle 1608\n er\u00feely occupac{i}ou{n}s. {and} beynge i{n} heuene reioise\u00fe \u00feat\n it is exempt from alle er\u00feely \u00feinges [as wo seith /\n thanne rekketh the sowle of no glorye of renou{n} of this\n world]. 1612\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1580 _whiche_--swych\n 1581 _scorned[e]_--scornede\n 1582 _swiche_--swych\n _somtyme_--whilom\n 1583 _had[de]_--hadde\n 1584 _whiche_--which\n _proude_--prowd\n 1586 _speke_--spak\n 1587 _\u00feou\u021dt[e]_--thowhte\n _assay[e]_--assaye\n 1588 _seyne_--seyn\n 1590 _feined[e]_--feynede\n 1592 _a\u021deine_--ayein\n 1593 _last[e]_--laste\n _vndirstondest \u00feou_--vndyrstondow\n 1594 _answered[e]_--answerde\n 1595 _had[de]_--hadde\n 1596 [_yt_]--from C.\n 1601 _last[e]_--laste\n 1602 _seyne_--seyn\n 1604 _for_ (2)--whan\n 1605 _\u00feis_--thilke\n _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n _nou\u021dt_--nawht\n 1606 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1608 _nou\u021dt \u00fean_--nat thanne\n 1610 _from_--fro\n 1610-1612 [_as----world_]--from C.]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n DEATH PUTS AN END TO RENOWN.]\n\nQUICUMQ{UE} SOLAM MENTE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 7th Metre.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Let him who seeks fame, thinking it to be the sovereign\n good, look upon the broad universe and this circumscribed earth;\n and he will then despise a glorious name limited to such a\n confined space.]\n\n ++Who so \u00feat wi\u00fe ouer\u00ferowyng \u00feou\u021dt only seke\u00fe glorie\n of fame. {and} weni\u00fe \u00feat it be souereyne good\n \u00b6 Lete hym loke vpon \u00fee brode shewyng contreys of\n \u00fee heue{n}. {and} vpo{n} \u00fee streite sete of \u00feis er\u00fee. {and} 1616\n he shal be ashamed of \u00fee encres of his name. \u00feat may\n nat fulfille \u00fee litel compas of \u00fee er\u00fee. \u00b6 O what\n coueiten proude folke to liften vpon hire nekkes in\n ydel {and} dedely \u021dok of \u00feis worlde.\n\n [Sidenote: Will splendid titles and renown prolong a man\u2019s life?]\n\n \u00b6 For al \u00feou\u021d 1620\n [\u00fe{a}t] renoune y-spradde passynge to ferne poeples go\u00fe\n by dyuerse tonges. and al \u00feou\u021d grete houses {and} kynredes\n shyne wi\u00fe clere titles of hono{ur}s.\n\n [Sidenote: In the grave there is no distinction between high and\n low.]\n\n \u021dit na\u00feeles\n dee\u00fe dispise\u00fe al heye glorie of fame. {and} dee\u00fe wrappe\u00fe 1624\n to gidre \u00fee heye heuedes {and} \u00fee lowe {and} make\u00fe egal\n {and} euene \u00fee heyest[e] to \u00fee lowest[e].\n\n [Sidenote: Where is the good Fabricius now?]\n\n \u00b6 where\n wone{n} now \u00fee bones of trewe fabricius.\n\n [Sidenote: Where the noble Brutus, or stern Cato?]\n\n what is\n now brutus or stiern Caton \u00fee \u00feinne fame \u021dit lastynge 1628\n of hir ydel names is markid wi\u00fe a fewe lettres.\n\n [Sidenote: Their empty names still live, but of their persons we\n know nothing.]\n\n but al \u00feou\u021d we han knowe{n} \u00fee faire wordes of \u00fee fames of\n hem. it is nat \u021deuen to knowe he{m} \u00feat ben dede {and}\n consumpt.\n\n [Sidenote: Fame cannot make you known.]\n\n Liggi\u00fe \u00feanne stille al vtterly vnknowable 1632\n ne fame ne make\u00fe \u021dow nat knowe. and yif \u021de wene\n to lyuen \u00fee leng{er} for wynde of \u021doure mortal name.\n whan o cruel day shal rauyshe \u021dow. \u00fean is \u00fee secunde\n dee\u00fe dwellyng in \u021dow.\n\n [Sidenote: It will be effaced by conquering Time, so that death\n will be doubly victorious.]\n\n _Glosa._ \u00fee first dee\u00fe he clepi\u00fe 1636\n here \u00fee dep{ar}tynge of \u00fee body {and} \u00fee soule. \u00b6 and [[pg 61]]\n \u00fee secunde dee\u00fe he clepe\u00fe as here. \u00fee styntynge of\n \u00fee renoune of fame.[3]\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1615 _Lete_--Lat\n _loke_--looken\n 1616 _sete_--Cyte\n 1617 _be_--ben\n 1619 _vpon_--vp\n 1620 _and dedely_--in the dedly\n 1621 _y-spradde_--ysprad\n [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n _ferne_--MS. serue, C. ferne\n _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee, C. goth\n 1622 {and} (2)--or\n 1623 _shyne_--shynen\n _clere_--cler\n 1624 _al_--alle\n 1626 _heyest[e]_--heyoste\n _lowest[e]_--loweste\n 1628 _stiern_--MS. sciern, C. stierne\n 1632 _consumpt_--{con}sumpte\n 1634 _lenger_--longer{e}\n 1637 _\u00fee_ (1)--omitted\n 1639 _renoune_--renou{n}]\n\n [Footnote 3: The next three chapters are from the Camb. MS.]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n ADVERSE FORTUNE IS BENEFICIAL.]\n\n[SET NE ME INEXORABILE CONTRA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The viij p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: \u2018But do not believe,\u2019 said Philosophy, \u2018that I am an\n implacable enemy to Fortune.]\n\n ++BVt for-as-mochel as thow shalt nat wenen q{uod} she 1640\n \u00fe{a}t I bere vntretable batayle ayenis fortune //\n\n [Sidenote: This inconstant dame sometimes deserves well of men,\n when she appears in her true colours.]\n\n yit som-tyme it by-falleth \u00fe{a}t she desseyuable desserueth\n to han ryht good thank of men // {And} \u00fe{a}t is whan she\n hir{e} self opneth / {and} whan she descou{er}eth hir frownt / 1644\n {and} sheweth hir maneres p{ar}-auentur{e} yit vndirstondesthow\n nat \u00fe{a}t .I. shal seye //\n\n [Sidenote: And what I say may perhaps appear paradoxical.]\n\n it is a wondyr \u00fe{a}t .I.\n desyr{e} to telle /\n\n [Sidenote: That is, that adverse fortune is more beneficial than\n prosperous fortune.]\n\n {and} forthi vnnethe may I. vnpleyten my\n sentense w{i}t{h} wordes for I. deme \u00fe{a}t contraryos fortune 1648\n p{ro}fiteth mor{e} to men than fortune debonayr{e} //\n\n [Sidenote: The latter lies and deceives us, the former displays\n her natural inconstancy.]\n\n For al-wey whan fortune semeth debonayr{e} than she lyeth\n falsly in by-hetynge the hope of welefulnesse // but forsothe\n {con}traryos fortune is alwey sothfast / whan she 1652\n sheweth hir self vnstable thorw hyr chau{n}gynge //\n\n [Sidenote: That deceives us, this instructs us; that, by a\n fallacious show of good, enslaves the mind; this, by the knowledge\n of her fickleness, frees and absolves it.]\n\n the amyable fortune desseyueth folk / the contrarye fortune\n techeth // the amyable fortune byndeth w{i}t{h} the beaute\n of false goodys the hertes of folk \u00fe{a}t vsen he{m} / the 1656\n contrarye fortune vnbyndeth he{m} by \u00fe^e knowynge of\n freele welefulnesse //\n\n [Sidenote: The one is wavering and incapable of reflection, the\n other is staid and wise through experience of adversity.]\n\n the amyable fortune maysthow sen\n alwey wyndynge {and} flowynge / {and} eu{er}e mysknowynge 1659\n of hir self // the contrarye fortune is a-tempre {and} restreynyd\n {and} wys thorw excersyse of hir aduersyte //\n\n [Sidenote: Lastly, prosperous fortune leads men astray. Adversity\n teaches them wherein real happiness consists.]\n\n at the laste amyable fortune w{i}t{h} hir flaterynges draweth\n mys wandrynge men fro the souereyne good // the contraryos\n fortune ledith ofte folk ayein to sothfast goodes / 1664\n {and} haleth hem ayein as w{i}t{h} an hooke /\n\n [Sidenote: It renders us no inconsiderable service in enabling us\n to recognize our true friends.]\n\n weenesthow\n thanne \u00fe{a}t thow owhtest to leten this a lytel thing / \u00fe{a}t\n this aspre {and} horible fortune hath discoueryd to the / the\n thowhtes of thy trewe frendes // For-why this ilke fortune 1668\n hath departyd {and} vncou{er}yd to the bothe the [[pg 62]]\n certeyn vysages {and} ek the dowtos visages of thy\n felawes // wha{n} she dep{ar}tyd awey fro the / she took\n awey hyr frendes {and} lafte the thyne frendes // 1672\n\n [Sidenote: At what price would you not have bought this knowledge\n in your prosperity?]\n\n now whan thow wer{e} ryche {and} weleful as the semede / w{i}t{h}\n how mochel woldesthow han bowht the fulle knowynge\n of this // \u00fe{a}t is to seyn the knowynge of thy\n verray freendes //\n\n [Sidenote: Complain not, then, of loss of wealth, since thou hast\n found infinitely greater riches in your true friends.]\n\n now pleyne the nat thanne of Rychesse 1676\n .I.-lorn syn thow hast fowndyn the moste p{re}syos kynde\n of Rychesses \u00fe{a}t is to seyn thy verray frendes.\n\n\n [Headnote:\n ALL THINGS BOUND BY THE CHAIN OF LOVE.]\n\nQUOD MU{N}DUS STABILI FIDE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The viij Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: This world, by an invariable order, suffers change.]\n\n ++THat \u00fe^e world w{i}t{h} stable feith / varieth acordable\n chaungynges //\n\n [Sidenote: Elements, that by nature disagree, are restrained by\n concord.]\n\n \u00fe{a}t the contraryos qualite of element\u021d 1680\n holden among{e} hem self aliau{n}ce p{er}durable / \u00fe{a}t pheb{us}\n the sonne w{i}t{h} his goldene chariet / bryngeth forth the\n rosene day / \u00fe{a}t the mone hath {com}mau{n}dement ou{er} the\n nyhtes // whiche nyhtes hesp{er}us the eue sterre hat browt // 1684\n\n [Sidenote: The sea is thus kept within its proper bounds.]\n\n \u00fe{a}t \u00fe^e se gredy to flowen constreyneth w{i}t{h} a certeyn ende\n hise floodes / so \u00fe{a}t it is nat l[e]ueful to strechche hise\n brode termes or bowndes vp-on the erthes // \u00fe{a}t is to seyn\n to cou{er}e alle the erthe //\n\n [Sidenote: This concord is produced by love, which governeth earth\n and sea, and extends its influence to the heavens.]\n\n Al this a-cordau{n}ce of thinges 1688\n is bownden w{i}t{h} looue / \u00fe{a}t gou{er}neth erthe {and} see / {and}\n hath also {com}mau{n}dement\u021d to the heuenes /\n\n [Sidenote: If this chain of love were broken all things would be\n in perpetual strife, and the world would go to ruin.]\n\n {and} yif\n this looue slakede the brydelis / alle thinges \u00fe{a}t now\n louen hem to gederes / wolden maken a batayle contynuely 1692\n {and} stryuen to fordoon the fasou{n} of this worlde /\n the which they now leden in acordable feith by fayre\n moeuynges //\n\n [Sidenote: Love binds nations together, it ties the nuptial knot,\n and dictates binding laws to friendship.]\n\n this looue halt to gideres poeples Ioygned\n w{i}t{h} an hooly bond / {and} knytteth sacrement of maryages 1696\n of chaste looues // And loue enditeth lawes to\n trewe felawes //\n\n [Sidenote: Men were truly blest if governed by this celestial\n love!\u2019]\n\n O weleful weer{e} mankynde / yif thilke\n loue \u00fe{a}t gouerneth heuene gouerned[e] yowr{e} corages /\n\n EXPLICIT LIB{ER} 2_^us_.\n\n [Linenote:\n 1690 _hath_--H. he hath]\n\n\n\n\n [[pg 63]]\n [Headnote:\n BOETHIUS IS COMFORTED BY PHILOSOPHY\u2019S SONG.]\n\nINCIPIT LIB{ER} 3^_us_.\n\n\nIAM CANTU{M} ILLA FINIERAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy now ended her song.]\n\n ++By this she hadde endid hir{e} song{e} / whan the swetnesse 1700\n of hir{e} ditee hadde thorw p{er}ced me \u00fe{a}t was desirous\n of herkninge /\n\n [Sidenote: I was so charmed that I kept a listening as if she were\n still speaking.]\n\n {and} .I. astoned hadde yit streyhte myn\n Eres / \u00fe{a}t is to seyn to herkne the bet / what she wolde\n seye //\n\n [Sidenote: At last I said, O sovereign comforter of dejected\n minds, how much hast thou refreshed me with the energy of thy\n discourse, so that I now think myself almost an equal match for\n Fortune and able to resist her blows.]\n\n so \u00fe{a}t a litel her{e} aft{er} .I. seyde thus // O thow 1704\n \u00fe{a}t art sou{er}eyn comfort of Angwissos corages // So thow\n hast remou{n}ted {and} norysshed me w{i}t{h} the weyhte of thy\n sentenses {and} w{i}t{h} delit of thy syngynge // so \u00fe{a}t .I. trowe\n nat now \u00fe{a}t .I. be vnparygal to the strokes of fortune / as 1708\n who seyth. I. dar wel now suffren al the assautes of fortune\n {and} wel deffende me fro hyr //\n\n [Sidenote: I fear not, therefore, thy remedies, but earnestly\n desire to hear what they are.]\n\n {and} tho remedies\n whyche \u00fe{a}t thow seydest hir{e} byforn weren ryht sharpe\n Nat oonly p{a}t .I. am nat agrysen of hem now // but .I. desiros 1712\n of herynge axe gretely to heeren tho remedyes //\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ When I perceived that, silent and attentive, you\n received my words, I expected to find such a state of mind in you,\n or rather, I created in you such an one.]\n\n than seyde she thus // \u00fe{a}t feelede .I. ful wel q{uod} she //\n whan \u00fe{a}t thow ententyf {and} stylle rauysshedest my\n wordes // {and} .I. abood til \u00fe{a}t thow haddest swych habyte 1716\n of thy thowght as thow hast now // or elles tyl \u00fe{a}t .I.\n my self had[de] maked to the the same habyt / which\n \u00fe{a}t is a moore verray thing{e} //\n\n [Sidenote: What remains to be said is of such a nature that when\n it is first tasted it is pungent and unpleasant, but when once\n swallowed it turns sweet, and is grateful to the stomach.]\n\n And certes the remenau{n}t\n of thinges \u00fe{a}t ben yit to seye / ben swyche // \u00fe{a}t fyrst 1720\n whan men tasten hem they ben bytynge / but whan\n they ben resseyuyd w{i}t{h}-inne a whyht than ben they\n swete //\n\n [Sidenote: But because you say you would now gladly hear, with\n what desire would you burn if you could imagine whither I am going\n to lead you?]\n\n but for thow seyst \u00fe{a}t thow art so desirous to\n herkne hem // wit[h] how gret brennynge woldesthow 1724\n glowen / yif thow wystest whyder .I. wol leden the //\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Whither is that, I pray?]\n\n whydyr{e} is \u00fe{a}t q{uod} .I. //\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ To that true felicity, of which you seem to have\n but a faint foretaste.]\n\n to thilke verray welefulnesse\n q{uod} she // of whyche thynge herte dremeth //\n\n [Sidenote: But your sight is clouded with false forms, so that it\n cannot yet behold this same felicity.]\n\n but for as moche as thy syhte is ocupied {and} distorbed / by 1728\n Imagynasyon of herthely thynges / thow mayst nat yit\n sen thilke selue welefulnesse //\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Show me, I pray, that true happiness without\n delay.]\n\n do q{uod} .I. {and} shewe\n me / what is thilke verray welefulnesse / .I. preye the [[pg 64]]\n w{i}t{h}-howte tarynge //\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I will gladly do so at your desire, but I will\n first describe that false cause (of happiness), so that you may be\n better able to comprehend the exact model.]\n\n \u00fe{a}t wole .I. gladly don q{uod} she / 1732\n for the cause of the // but .I. wol fyrst marken the by\n wordes / {and} I wol enforcen me to enformen the //\n thilke false cause of blysfulnesse \u00fe{a}t thow more knowest /\n so \u00fe{a}t whan thow hast fully by-holden thilke false 1736\n goodes {and} torned thyne eyen to \u00fe{a}t oother syde / thow\n mowe knowe the clernesse of verray blysfulnesse //]\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1702 _streyhte_--H. strenghed\n 1712 _am nat_--H. nam nought\n 1718 _had[de]_--H. hade\n 1734 _wol_--H. shall{e}\n 1739 _wil_--wole\n _felde_--feeld]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n AWAY WITH FALSE FELICITY!]\n\n [Sidenote: * Here the Add. MS. begins again.]\n\n*QUI SERERE I{N}GENIUM.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrst met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: He who would sow seed must first clear the ground of\n useless weeds, so that he may reap an abundant harvest.]\n\n \u00b6 Who so wil sowe a felde plentiuous. lat hym first\n delyuer it of \u00feornes {and} kerue asondre wi\u00fe his hooke 1740\n \u00fee bushes {and} \u00fee ferne so \u00feat \u00fee corne may come{n} heuy\n of eres {and} of greins.\n\n [Sidenote: Honey tastes all the sweeter to a palate disgusted by\n offensive flavours.]\n\n hony is \u00fee more swete yif mou\u00fees\n han firste tastid sauoures \u00fe{a}t ben wikke.\n\n [Sidenote: The stars shine all the clearer when the southern\n showery blasts cease to blow.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fee sterres\n shynen more agreably whan \u00fee wynde Nothus leti\u00fe his 1744\n ploungy blastes.\n\n [Sidenote: When Lucifer has chased away the dark night, then\n Ph\u0153bus mounts his gay chariot.]\n\n {and} aftir \u00feat lucifer \u00fee day sterre ha\u00fe\n chased awey \u00fee derke ny\u021dt. \u00fee day \u00fee feir{e}r ledi\u00fe \u00fee\n rosene horse of \u00fee sonne.\n\n [Sidenote: So you, beholding the false felicity, and withdrawing\n your neck from the yoke of earthly affections, will soon see the\n sovereign good.]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt so \u00feou byholdyng\n first \u00fee fals[e] goodes. bygynne to wi\u00fedrawe \u00fei nek[ke] 1748\n fro \u00fee \u021dok of er\u00feely affecc{i}ou{n}s. {and} afterwarde \u00fee\n verrey goodes sholle{n} entre i{n} to \u00fei corage.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1740 _delyuer_--delyuere\n _of_--fro\n _hooke_--hook\n 1741 _bushes_--bosses\n _ferne_--fern\n _corne_--korn\n 1743 _firste_--fyrst\n _wikke_--wyckyd\n 1744 _wynde_--wynd\n _his_--hise\n 1745 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1746 _feirer_--fayrere\n 1747 _horse_--hors\n _Ry\u021dt_--And Ryht\n 1748 _fals[e]_--false\n _bygynne_--bygyn\n _wi\u00fedrawe_--w{i}t{h} drawen\n _nek[ke]_--nekke\n 1749 _afterwarde_--afft{er}ward\n 1750 _entre_--entren]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE DESIRE OF THE TRUE GOOD.]\n\nTUNC DEFIXO PAULULU{M}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 2^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Philosophy, with a serious air, and appearing to\n recollect herself, and to rouse up all her faculties, thus began.]\n\n ++\u00deO fastned[e] she a lytel \u00fee sy\u021dt of hir eyen {and} wi\u00fedrow\n hir ry\u021dt as it were in to \u00fee streite sete of hir 1752\n \u00feou\u021dt. {and} bygan to speke ry\u021dt \u00fe{us}.\n\n [Sidenote: All the cares and desires of men seek one\n end--happiness.]\n\n Alle \u00fee cures\n q{uo}d she of mortal folk whiche \u00feat trauaylen hem i{n}\n many manere studies gon certys by diu{er}se weies.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 15 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 But na\u00feeles \u00feei enforced hem *to comen oonly to on 1756\n ende of blisfulnesse [[pg 65]]\n\n [Sidenote: True happiness is that complete good which, once\n obtained, leaves nothing more to be desired.]\n\n [And blysfulnesse] is swiche a goode\n \u00feat who so ha\u00fe geten it he ne may ouer \u00feat no \u00feing more\n desiire.\n\n [Sidenote: It is the sovereign good, and comprehends all others.\n It lacks nothing, otherwise it could not be the supreme good.]\n\n and \u00feis \u00feing for so\u00fee is \u00fee souereyne good \u00feat conteini\u00fe\n in hym self al man{er}e goodes. to \u00fee whiche goode 1760\n yif \u00feere failed[e] any \u00feing. it my\u021dt[e] nat ben souereyne\n goode. \u00b6 For \u00fean were \u00feere som goode out of \u00feis ilke souereyne\n goode \u00fe{a}t my\u021dt[e] ben desired.\n\n [Sidenote: Happiness is, therefore, that perfect state, in which\n all other goods meet and centre.]\n\n Now is it clere {and}\n certeyne \u00fea{n} \u00feat blisfulnesse is a p{er}fit estat\n by \u00fee congregac{i}ou{n} 1764\n of alle goodes.\n\n [Sidenote: It is the object which all men strive after.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fee whiche blisfulnesse as\n I haue seid alle mortal folke enforcen hem to geten by\n dyuerse weyes.\n\n [Sidenote: A desire of the true good is a natural instinct, but\n error misleads them to pursue false joys.]\n\n \u00b6 For-whi \u00fee couetise of verray goode\n is naturely y-plaunted in \u00fee hertys of men. \u00b6 But \u00fee 1768\n myswandryng erro{ur} mysledi\u00fe hem in to fals[e] goodes.\n\n [Sidenote: Some, imagining the supreme good to consist in lacking\n nothing, labour for an abundance of _riches_; others, supposing\n that this good lies in the _reverence_ and _esteem_ of their\n fellow men, strive to acquire honourable positions.]\n\n \u00b6 of \u00fee whiche men some of hem wenen \u00feat souereygne\n goode is to lyue wi\u00fe outen nede of any \u00feing.\n {and} t{ra}ueile{n} hem to ben habundaunt of rycchesse. 1772\n and some o\u00feer men deme{n}. \u00feat sou{er}ein goode be forto\n be ry\u021dt digne of reu{er}ences. {and} enforce{n} hem to ben\n reu{er}enced among hir ney\u021dbo{ur}s. by \u00fee hono{ur}s \u00feat \u00feei\n han ygeten\n\n [Sidenote: There are some, again, who place it in supreme _power_,\n and seek to rule, or to be favoured by the ruling powers.]\n\n \u00b6 {and} some folk \u00feer ben \u00feat halden \u00feat 1776\n ry\u021dt hey\u021de power to be souereyn goode. {and} enforcen\n he{m} forto regnen or ellys to ioigne{n} he{m} to hem \u00feat\n regnen.\n\n [Sidenote: There are those who fancy _fame_ to be the height of\n happiness, and seek by the arts of war or peace to get renown.]\n\n \u00b6 And it seme\u00fe to some o\u00feer folk \u00feat noblesse\n of renou{n} be \u00fee sou{er}ein goode. {and} hasten hem to 1780\n geten glorious name by \u00fee artes of werre or of pees.\n\n [Sidenote: Many there are who believe nothing to be better than\n _joy_ and _gladness_, and think it delightful to plunge into\n luxury.]\n\n and many folke mesuren {and} gessen \u00fe{a}t sou{er}ein goode\n be ioye {and} gladnesse {and} wenen \u00feat it be ry\u021dt blisful\n [thyng{e}] to ploungen hem i{n} uoluptuous delit.\n\n [Sidenote: Some there are who use these causes and ends\n interchangeably, as those who desire riches as a means of getting\n power; or who desire power in order to get money or renown.]\n\n \u00b6 And 1784\n \u00feer ben folk \u00feat enterchaungen \u00fee causes {and} \u00fee endes\n of \u00feise forseide goodes as \u00feei \u00feat desire{n} rycchesse to [[pg 66]]\n han power {and} delices. Or ellis \u00feei desiren power forto\n han moneye or for cause of renou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: In all they do they have a particular end in view.]\n\n \u00b6 In \u00feise \u00feinges 1788\n {and} i{n} swyche o\u00feer \u00feinges is to{ur}ned al \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n}\n of desirynges {and} [of] werkes of me{n}. \u00b6 As \u00feus.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1751 _fastned[e]_--fastnede\n _wi\u00fedrow_--MS. wi\u00fedrowen, C. w{i}t{h} drowh\n 1752 _sete_--Cyte\n 1756 _enforced_--enforsen\n 1757 [_And blysfulnesse_]--from C.\n _goode_--good\n 1758 _so_--so \u00fe{a}t\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 1759 _souereyne_--sou{er}eyn\n 1760 _al_--alle\n _goode_--good\n 1761 _\u00feere_--ther\n _failed[e]_--faylyde\n _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n _souereyne goode_--sou{er}eyn good\n 1762 _\u00fean_--thanne\n _\u00feere_--ther\n _goode_--good\n _souereyne_--sou{er}eyn\n 1763 _goode_--good\n _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 1764 _certeyne_--certein\n 1766 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n _folke_--foolk\n 1767 _goode_--good\n 1769 _fals[e]_--false\n 1770 _souereygne goode is_--sou{er}eyn good be\n 1771 _lyue wi\u00fe outen_--lyuen w{i}t{h} owte\n 1772 _rycchesse_--Rychesses\n 1773 _some_--som\n _goode be_--good ben\n 1774 _be_--ben\n 1775 _ney\u021dbours_--nesshebors\n 1776 _halden_--holden\n 1777 _hey\u021de_--heyh\n _to_--omitted\n _goode_--good\n 1780 _goode_--good\n 1781 _or_--{and}\n 1782 _folke_--folk\n _goode_--good\n 1783 _be_--by\n 1784 [_thynge_]--from C.\n 1786 _rycchesse_--rychesses\n 1787 _delices_--delytes\n 1789 _o\u00feer_--oothre\n _al_--alle\n 1790 [_of_]--from C.]\n\n [Headnote:\n FRIENDSHIP A SACRED THING.]\n\n [Sidenote: Nobility and popular favour are sought after by some in\n order to become famous.]\n\n \u00b6 Noblesse {and} fauo{ur} of poeple whiche \u00feat \u021diue\u00fe as it\n seme\u00fe a manere clernesse of renou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: By others, wives and children are only desired as\n sources of pleasure.]\n\n \u00b6 and wijf {and} 1792\n children \u00feat men desiren for cause of delit {and} mirinesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Friendship must not be reckoned among the goods of\n fortune, but among those of virtue, for it is a very sacred\n thing.]\n\n \u00b6 But forso\u00fee frendes ne shollen nat ben rekkened\n among \u00fee goodes of fortune but of vertue. for it\n is a ful holy man{er}e \u00feing.\n\n [Sidenote: All else are desired either for the power or pleasure\n they afford.]\n\n alle \u00feise o\u00feer \u00feinges forso\u00fee 1796\n ben taken for cause of power. or ellis for cause of\n delit.\n\n [Sidenote: The goods of the body fall under the same predicament.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis now am I redy to referen \u00fee goodes of\n \u00fee body to \u00feise forseide \u00feinges abouen.\n\n [Sidenote: Strength and a good stature seem to give power and\n worthiness.]\n\n \u00b6 For it seme\u00fe\n \u00fe{a}t streng\u00fee {and} gretnesse of body \u021deuen power {and} 1800\n wor\u00feinesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Beauty and swiftness give glory and fame; and health\n gives delight.]\n\n \u00b6 and \u00feat beaute {and} swiftenesse \u021deuen\n noblesse {and} glorie of renou{n}. {and} hele of body seme\u00fe\n \u021diuen delit.\n\n [Sidenote: In all these happiness alone is sought.]\n\n \u00b6 In alle \u00feise \u00fei{n}g{us} it seme\u00fe oonly \u00feat\n blisfulnesse is desired.\n\n [Sidenote: What a man most wishes for, that he esteems the supreme\n good, which, as we have defined, is happiness.]\n\n \u00b6 For-whi \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat euery 1804\n man desire\u00fe moost ouer alle \u00feinges. he demi\u00fe \u00feat be \u00fee\n souereyne goode. \u00b6 But I haue diffined \u00feat blisfulnesse\n is \u00fee souereyne goode. for whiche euery wy\u021dt\n demi\u00fe \u00feat \u00feilke estat \u00feat he desire\u00fe ouer alle \u00feinges \u00feat 1808\n it be \u00fee blisfulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou hast now before thee a view of human felicity\n (falsely so called), that is, riches, honours, power, glory, and\n delight, which last _Epicurus_ considered as the sovereign good.]\n\n \u00b6 Now hast \u00feou \u00fean byforne\n [thy eyen] almost al \u00fee p{ur}posed forme of \u00fee welfulnesse\n of ma{n}ky{n}de. \u00feat is to seyne rycchesse. hono{ur}s.\n power. glorie. {and} delit\u021d. \u00fee whiche delit oonly considered 1812\n Epicurus Iuged {and} establissed. \u00feat delit is \u00fee\n souereyne goode. for as myche as alle o\u00feer \u00feinges as\n hym \u00feou\u021dt[e] by-refte awey ioie {and} myr\u00fee fro{m} \u00fee\n herte.\n\n [Sidenote: I now return to the inclinations and pursuits of\n mankind.]\n\n \u00b6 But I reto{ur}ne a\u021deyne to \u00fee studies of meen. 1816\n of whiche men \u00fee corage alwey rehersi\u00fe {and} seeke\u00fe \u00fee [[pg 67]]\n souereyne goode of alle be it so \u00fe{a}t it be wi\u00fe a derke\n memorie [but he not by whiche paath].\n\n [Sidenote: Their minds are bent upon the chief good, and are ever\n seeking it with a darkened understanding, like a drunken man, who\n cannot find his way home.]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt as a\n dronke ma{n} not nat by whiche pa\u00fee he may reto{ur}ne 1820\n home to hys house.\n\n [Sidenote: Do they go astray who strive to keep themselves from\n want?]\n\n \u00b6 Seme\u00fe it \u00feanne \u00feat folk folyen\n {and} erren \u00feat enforcen he{m} to haue nede of no \u00feing\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1794 _shollen_--sholden\n 1795 _\u00fee_--tho\n 1796 _o\u00feer_--oothre\n 1801 _swiftenesse_--sweftnesse\n 1803 _\u021diuen_--MS. \u021diue\u00fe, C. yeuen\n 1806, 1807 _souereyne goode_--sou{er}eyn good\n 1807 _whiche_--whych\n 1809 _\u00fee_--omitted\n _\u00fean byforne_--thanne byforn\n 1810 [_thy eyen_]--from C.; MS. _has_ \u021deuen a\u021deyne\n _almost_--almest\n _welfulnesse_--welefulnesse\n 1811 _seyne rycchesse_--seyn Rychesses\n 1814 _souereyne goode_--sou{er}eyn good\n _myche_--moche\n _o\u00feer_--oothre\n 1815 _\u00feou\u021dt[e]_--thowhte\n _from_--fram\n 1816 _a\u021deyne_--ayein\n 1818 _souereyne goode_--sou{er}eyn good\n _of_--omitted\n _alle_--al\n _derke_--dirkyd\n 1819 [_but----paath_]--from C.\n 1820 _dronke_--dronken\n _pa\u00fee_--paath\n 1821 _home_--hym]\n\n [Headnote:\n ALL SEEK THE CHIEF GOOD.]\n\n [Sidenote: By no means. No state is happier than that in which a\n man is above want, and independent of others.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 16.]]\n\n \u00b6 Certys \u00feer nys non o\u00feer \u00feing \u00feat may so weel p{er}fo{ur}ny\n blisfulnesse as an estat plenteuo{us} *of alle 1824\n goodes \u00feat ne ha\u00fe nede of none o\u00feer \u00feing. but \u00feat it is\n suffisant of hy{m} self. vnto hym self.\n\n [Sidenote: Are they guilty of folly that seek esteem and\n reverence?]\n\n and foleyen\n swyche folk \u00feanne. \u00feat wenen \u00feat \u00feilk \u00feing \u00fe{a}t is\n ry\u021dt goode. \u00feat it be eke ry\u021dt wor\u00fei of honour {and} of 1828\n reuerence.\n\n [Sidenote: No; for that is not contemptible for which all men\n strive.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis nay. for \u00feat \u00feing nys ney\u00feer foule\n ne wor\u00fei to ben dispised \u00feat al \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n} of mortel\n folke trauaille forto geten it.\n\n [Sidenote: Is not power to be reckoned amongst desirable goods?]\n\n \u00b6 And power au\u021dt[e]\n nat \u00feat eke to be rekened amonges goodes\n\n [Sidenote: Why not? For that is not an insignificant good which\n invests a man with authority and command.]\n\n what ellis. 1832\n for it nys nat to wene \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat is most\n wor\u00fei of alle \u00feinges be feble {and} wi\u00fe out streng\u00fee {and}\n clernesse of renou{n} au\u021dte \u00feat to ben dispised.\n\n [Sidenote: Fame also is to be regarded, for everything excellent\n is also shining and renowned.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys\n \u00feer may no man forsake \u00feat al \u00feing \u00feat is ry\u021dt excellent 1836\n {and} noble. \u00feat it ne seme\u00fe to be ry\u021dt clere {and} renomed.\n\n [Sidenote: We hardly need say that happiness is not an unjoyous\n and melancholy state, for in the pursuit of the smallest matters\n men seek only pleasure.]\n\n \u00b6 For certis it nedi\u00fe nat to seie. \u00feat blisfulnesse\n be anguissous ne dreri ne subgit to greua{n}ces ne\n to sorwes. syn \u00feat in ry\u021dt litel \u00fei{n}g{us} folk seken to 1840\n haue {and} to vsen \u00feat may deliten hem.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence it is that mankind seek riches, &c., because by\n them they hope to get independence, honour, &c.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys \u00feise\n ben \u00fee \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat men wolen {and} desyren to geten.\n and for \u00feis cause desiren \u00feei rycches. dignites. regnes.\n glorie {and} delices \u00b6 For \u00feerby wenen \u00feei to han suffisau{n}ce 1844\n hono{ur} power. renou{n} {and} gladnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: However varied their desires, _happiness_ is their sole\n pursuit.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feanne\n is it goode. \u00fe{a}t men seken \u00feus by so many dyu{er}se\n studies. In whiche desijr it may ly\u021dtly be shew{e}d.\n how grete is \u00fee streng\u00fee of nature. [[pg 68]]\n\n [Sidenote: However various men\u2019s opinions are respecting\n happiness, all agree in pursuing it as the end of their actions\n and desires.]\n\n \u00b6 For how so \u00feat 1848\n men han dyuerse sentences {and} discordyng algates men\n accordyn alle in lyuynge \u00fee ende of goode.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1823 _perfourny_--p{er}forme\n 1825 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _none_--non\n 1827 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 1828 _goode_--good\n 1829 _foule_--fowl\n 1830 _al_--welneyh alle\n 1831 _trauaille_--trauaylen\n _au\u021dt[e]_--owhte\n 1832 _be_--ben\n 1834 _out_--owte\n 1835 _au\u021dte_--owhte\n 1836 _al_--alle\n 1837 _be_--ben\n _clere_--cleer\n 1843 _rycches_--Rychesses\n 1846 _goode_--good\n 1847 _be_--ben\n 1848 _grete_--gret\n 1849 _algates_--Allegates\n 1850 _goode_--good]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n OF NATURE\u2019S LAWS.]\n\nQ{UA}NTAS RER{UM} FLECTAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 2^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: I will now sing of Nature\u2019s laws, by which the universe\n is governed.]\n\n ++IT like\u00fe me to shew[e] by subtil songe wi\u00fe slakke {and}\n delitable sou{n} of strenges how \u00feat nature my\u021dty encline\u00fe 1852\n {and} flitte\u00fe gouernement\u021d of \u00feinges \u00b6 {and} by\n whiche lawes she p{ur}ueiable kepi\u00fe \u00fee grete worlde. {and}\n how she bindynge restreine\u00fe alle \u00feing{us} by a bonde \u00feat\n may nat be vnbounden.\n\n [Sidenote: [j]]\n [Sidenote: The Punic lion submits to man, and dreads the keeper\u2019s\n lash; yet, if he once taste blood, his savage instincts revive,\n and his keeper falls a victim to his fury.]\n\n \u00b6 Al be it so \u00feat \u00fee liou{n}s of 1856\n \u00fee contree of pene beren \u00fee fair[e] cheines. {and} taken\n metes of \u00fee handes of folk \u00feat \u021deuen it hem. {and}\n dreden her sturdy maystres of whiche \u00feei ben wont to\n suffren [betinges]. yif \u00feat hir horrible mou\u00fees ben bi-bled. 1860\n \u00feat is to sein of bestes devoured. \u00b6 Hir corage\n of tyme passe\u00fe \u00feat ha\u00fe ben ydel {and} rested. repaire\u00fe\n a\u021dein \u00feat \u00feei roren greuously. {and} reme{m}bren on hir\n nature. {and} slaken hir nekkes from hir cheins vnbounden. 1864\n and hir maistre first to-teren wi\u00fe blody to\u00fee\n assaie\u00fe \u00fee woode wra\u00fe\u00fees of hem. \u00b6 \u00feis is to sein \u00feei\n freten hir maister.\n\n [Sidenote: [ij]]\n [Sidenote: If the caged bird though daintily fed, gets a sight of\n the pleasant grove where she was wont to sing, she will spurn her\n food, and pine for the beloved woods.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00fee Iangland brid \u00feat syngi\u00fe\n on \u00fee heye braunches. \u00feis is to sein in \u00fee wode {and} 1868\n after is inclosed in a streit cage. \u00b6 al \u00feou\u021d [\u00fe{a}t] \u00fee\n pleiyng besines of men \u021deue\u00fe hem honied[e] drinkes\n {and} large metes. wi\u00fe swete studie. \u00b6 \u021dit na\u00feeles yif\n \u00feilke brid skippynge oute of hir streite cage see\u00fe \u00fee 1872\n agreable shadewes of \u00fee wodes. she defoule\u00fe wi\u00fe hir\n fete hir metes yshad {and} seke\u00fe mournyng oonly \u00fee\n wode {and} twitri\u00fe desirynge \u00fee wode wi\u00fe hir swete\n voys.\n\n [Sidenote: [iij]]\n [Sidenote: The sapling, bent down by a mighty hand, will resume\n its natural position as soon as the restraining force is removed.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fee \u021derde of a tree \u00feat is haled adou{n} by my\u021dty 1876\n streng\u00fee bowi\u00fe redely \u00fee croppe adou{n}. but yif \u00feat \u00fee [[pg 69]]\n hande of hym \u00feat it bente lat it gon a\u021dein. \u00b6 An oon\n \u00fee crop loke\u00fe vp ry\u021dt to heuene.\n\n [Sidenote: [iiij]]\n [Sidenote: Though the sun sets in the western main at eve, yet by\n a secret path he takes his wonted journey toward the east.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fee sonne phebus\n \u00feat faille\u00fe at euene in \u00fee westrene wawes retorni\u00fe a\u021dein 1880\n eftsones his cart by a priue pa\u00fee \u00feere as it is wont\n aryse.\n\n [Sidenote: All things pursue their proper course, obedient to the\n source of order.]\n\n \u00b6 Alle \u00feinges seken a\u021dein in to hir p{ro}pre\n cours. and alle \u00feinges reioisen hem of hir retournynge\n a\u021dein to hir nature ne noon ordinaunce nis bytaken to 1884\n \u00fei{n}ges but \u00feat.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence, throughout the world entire stability is found,\n for all things, having fulfilled their appointed course, return\n from whence they came.]\n\n \u00feat ha\u00fe ioignynge \u00fee endynge to \u00fee\n bygynnynge. {and} ha\u00fe makid \u00fee cours of it self stable\n \u00feat it chaunge\u00fe nat fro{m} hys p{ro}pre kynde.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1851 _shew[e]_--shewe\n 1854 _whiche_--MS. swiche, C. whyche\n _worlde_--world\n 1856 _be_--ben\n _vnbounden_--vnbownde\n 1857 _fair[e]_--fayr{e}\n 1860 [_betinges_]--from C.\n 1862 _passe\u00fe_--passed\n 1864 _from_--fram\n _vnbounden_--vnbownde\n 1865 _to-teren_--to-torn\n _to\u00fee_--toth\n 1867 _Iangland_--Iangelynge\n 1869 _streit_--streyht\n 1870 _pleiyng_--MS. pleinyng, C. pleyynge\n _besines_--bysynesse\n _honied[e]_--honyede\n 1872 _oute_--owt\n 1873 _agreable_--agreables\n 1874 _fete_--feet\n 1875 _twitri\u00fe_--twiterith\n 1877 _croppe_--crop\n 1878 _hande_--hand\n _bente_--bent\n 1880 _faille\u00fe_--falleth\n 1881 _cart_--carte\n _a_--omitted\n _pa\u00fee_--paath\n 1883 _of_--MS. of of\n 1885 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _ioignynge_--Ioyned\n 1886 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE SEARCH AFTER FELICITY.]\n\nVOSQ{UE} TERRENA ANIMALIA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: O earthly animals, you have an indistinct perception of\n your beginning, and you have ever the true end of felicity in\n view, but your natural instincts are perverted by many errors.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 16 _b_.]]\n\n *++CErtis also \u021de men \u00feat ben er\u00feelich{e} bestes dreme{n} 1888\n alwey [yowre bygynnynge] al \u00feou\u021d it be wi\u00fe a\n \u00feinne ymaginac{i}ou{n}. {and} by a maner \u00feou\u021dt al be it\n nat clerly ne p{er}fitly \u021de looken from a fer til \u00feilk 1891\n verray fyn of blisfulnesse. and \u00feerfore \u00fee naturel entenc{i}ou{n}\n lede\u00fe \u021dow to \u00feilk verray good \u00b6 But\n many manere errours misto{ur}ni\u00fe \u021dow \u00feer fro.\n\n [Sidenote: Can men obtain the end they have in view by the means\n they usually employ in the pursuit of happiness?]\n\n \u00b6 Considere\n now yif \u00feat be \u00feilke \u00feinges by whiche a man\n weni\u00fe to gete hym blysfulnesse. yif \u00feat he may comen 1896\n to \u00feilke ende \u00feat he wene\u00fe to come by nature\n\n [Sidenote: If riches and honours and the like make men happy, so\n that they shall want for nothing, then happiness may be procured\n by these acquisitions.]\n\n \u00b6 For\n yif \u00feat moneye or hono{ur}s or \u00feise o\u00feer forseide \u00feinges\n bryngen to men swiche a \u00feing \u00feat no goode ne faille\n hem. ne seme\u00fe faille. \u00b6 Certys \u00fean wil I graunt[e] 1900\n \u00feat \u00feei ben maked blisful. by \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei han\n geten.\n\n [Sidenote: But if these things cannot make good what they promise,\n if there still be something to be desired, then they are\n delusions, and the felicity after all is a counterfeit.]\n\n \u00b6 but yif so be \u00feat \u00feilke \u00fei{n}ges ne mowe nat\n p{er}fo{ur}men \u00feat \u00feei by-heten {and} \u00feat \u00feer be defaute of\n many goodes. \u00b6 Shewe\u00fe it nat \u00fean clerely \u00fe{a}t fals 1904\n beaute of blisfulnesse is knowe {and} a-teint in \u00feilke\n \u00feinges. \u00b6 First {and} forward \u00feou \u00fei self \u00feat haddest\n haboundaunces of rycchesses nat long agon. [[pg 70]]\n\n [Sidenote: In your prosperity were you never annoyed by some wrong\n or grievance?]\n\n \u00b6 I axe\n \u021dif \u00feat in \u00fee haboundaunce of alle \u00feilk[e] rycchesses 1908\n \u00feou were neuer anguissous or sory in \u00fei corage of any\n wrong or greuau{n}ce \u00feat by-tidde \u00fee on any syde.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1889 [_yowre bygynnynge_]--from C.\n _al_--MS. as, C. Al\n 1891 _from_--fram\n _til \u00feilk_--to thylke\n 1892 _\u00fee_--omitted\n 1893 _\u00feilk_--thylke\n 1895 _be_--by\n 1896 _gete_--geten\n 1899 _swiche_--swych\n _goode_--good\n 1900 _wil_--wole\n _graunt[e]_--grau{n}te\n 1904 _many_--manye\n _clerely_--clerly\n _fals_--false\n 1905 _knowe_--knowen\n 1908 _\u00feilk[e]_--thylke]\n\n [Headnote:\n NONE ARE FREE FROM CARE.]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I must confess that I cannot remember ever being\n wholly free from some trouble or other.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d I it remembre\u00fe me nat \u00feat euere I was\n so free of my \u00feou\u021dt. \u00feat I ne was al-wey in anguysh{e} of 1912\n somwhat.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ That was because something was absent which you\n did desire, or something present which you would fain be quit of.]\n\n \u00fe{a}t was \u00feat \u00feou lakkedest \u00feat \u00feou noldest\n han lakked. or ellys \u00feou haddest \u00feat \u00feou noldest\n han had.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ That\u2019s quite true.]\n\n ry\u021dt so is it q{uod} I \u00fean.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Then you did desire the presence of the one and\n the absence of the other?]\n\n desiredest \u00feou\n \u00fee p{re}sence of \u00feat oon {and} \u00fee absence of \u00feat o\u00feer. 1916\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I confess I did.]\n\n I graunt[e] wel q{uod} .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Every man is in need of what he desires.]\n\n for so\u00fee q{uod} she \u00fean nedi\u00fe \u00feer\n somwhat \u00feat euery man desire\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Certainly he is.]\n\n \u021de \u00feer nedi\u00fe q{uod} I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If a man lack anything can he be supremely happy?]\n\n \u00b6 Certis q{uod} she {and} he \u00feat ha\u00fe lakke or nede of a\n wy\u021dt nis nat in euery way suffisaunt to hym self. 1920\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No.]\n\n no q{uod} .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Did you not in your abundance want for somewhat?]\n\n {and} \u00feou q{uo}d she in alle \u00fee plente of \u00fei\n rycchesse haddest \u00feilke lak of suffisaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What then if I did?]\n\n \u00b6 what\n ellis q{uod} .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ It follows that riches cannot put a man beyond all\n want, although this was what they seemed to promise.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feanne may nat rycchesse maken \u00feat a\n man nis nedy. ne \u00feat he be suffisaunt to hym self. {and} 1924\n \u00feat was it \u00fe{a}t \u00feei byhy\u021dten as it seme\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: Money may part company with its owner, however\n unwilling he may be to lose it.]\n\n \u00b6 and eke\n certys I trowe \u00feat \u00feis be gretly to consydere \u00feat moneye\n ne ha\u00fe nat in hys owen kynde \u00feat it ne may ben by-nomen\n of hem \u00feat han it maugre hem.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I confess that\u2019s true.]\n\n \u00b6 I by-knowe 1928\n it wel q{uod} I\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ It ought to be confessed when every day we see\n _might_ prevailing over _right_.]\n\n \u00b6 whi sholdest \u00feou nat by-knowen it\n q{uod} she. whan euery day \u00fee strenger folke by-nymen\n it fram \u00fee febler maugre hem.\n\n [Sidenote: From whence springs so much litigation, but from this,\n that men seek to recover their own of which they have been\n unjustly deprived?]\n\n \u00b6 Fro whennes comen\n ellys alle \u00feise foreine compleintes or quereles of 1932\n plety{n}g{us}. \u00b6 But for \u00feat men axen a\u021deine her moneye\n \u00feat ha\u00fe be by-nomen hem by force or by gyle. {and}\n alwey maugre hem.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Nothing is more true.]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt so it is q{uod} I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Then a man needs the assistance of others in order\n to keep his riches.]\n\n \u00fean q{uo}d\n she ha\u00fe a man nede to seke{n} hym foreyne helpe by 1936\n whiche he may defende hys moneye. who may say nay q{uod} .I.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1913 _\u00feat----lakkedest_--And was nat \u00fe{a}t q{uod} she for\n \u00fe{a}t the lacked som-what\n 1915 _had_--MS. hadde, C. had\n 1917 _graunt[e]_--grau{n}te\n 1919 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _a wy\u021dt_--awht\n 1921 _alle_--al\n 1922 _rycchesse_--Rychesses\n _lak_--lakke\n 1923 _rycchesse_--Rychesses\n 1927 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _owen_--owne\n 1930 _strenger folke by-nymen_--strenger{e} folk by-nemyn\n 1931 _fram_--fro\n _febler_--febeler{e}\n _Fro_--for\n 1933 _a\u021deine_--ayeyn\n 1934 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _be_--ben\n 1936 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _helpe_--help\n 1937 _say_--sey]\n\n [[pg 71]]\n [Headnote:\n RICHES BRING ANXIETIES.]\n\n [Sidenote: If he had no money to lose he would not stand in need\n of this help?]\n\n \u00b6 Certis q{uod} she {and} hym nedi\u00fe no helpe\n yif he ne hadde no moneye \u00feat he my\u021dt[e] leese.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ That is beyond all doubt.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feat\n is doutles q{uod} .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Then the very reverse of what was expected (from\n riches) takes place? For riches add to a man\u2019s necessities.]\n\n \u00feanne is \u00feis \u00fei{n}g turned in to \u00fee contrarie 1940\n q{uod} she \u00b6 For rycchesse \u00feat men wenen sholde\n make suffisau{n}ce. \u00feei maken a man ra\u00feer han nede of\n foreine helpe.\n\n [Sidenote: Tell me how do riches drive away necessity? Are not\n rich men liable to hunger, thirst, and cold?]\n\n \u00b6 whiche is \u00fee manere or \u00fee gise q{uod}\n she \u00feat rycches may dryuen awey nede. \u00b6 Riche folk 1944\n may \u00feei nei\u00feer han hungre ne \u00ferest. \u00feise ryche men\n may \u00feei feele no colde on hir lymes in wynter.\n\n [Sidenote: You will say that the rich have wherewithal to satisfy\n these wants.]\n\n \u00b6 But\n \u00feou wilt answere \u00feat ryche men han y-nou\u021d wher wi\u00fe\n \u00feei may staunchen her hunger. {and} slaken her \u00ferest 1948\n {and} don awey colde.\n\n [Sidenote: By riches indigence may be alleviated, but they cannot\n satisfy every want.]\n\n \u00b6 In \u00feis wise may nede be co{n}forted\n by rycchesses. but certys nede ne may nat al\n out{er}ly be don awey.\n\n [Sidenote: Even if gaping and greedy necessity be filled with\n riches, yet some cravings will remain.]\n\n for \u00feou\u021d \u00feis nede \u00feat is alwey\n gapyng {and} gredy be fulfilled wi\u00fe rycchesses. {and} axe 1952\n any \u00feing \u021dit dwelle\u00fe \u00feanne a nede \u00feat my\u021dt[e] ben fulfilled.\n\n [Sidenote: A little suffices for nature, but avarice never has\n enough.]\n\n \u00b6 I holde me stille {and} telle nat how \u00feat litel\n \u00feing suffise\u00fe to nature. but certys to auarice ynou\u021d ne\n suffise\u00fe no \u00feinge.\n\n [Sidenote: If riches, then, add to our wants, why should you think\n that they can supply all your necessities?]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 17.]]\n\n *\u00b6 For syn \u00feat rychesse ne may nat 1956\n al don awey nede. but rychesse maken nede. what may\n it \u00feanne be \u00feat \u021de wenen \u00feat rychesses mowen \u021deue{n}\n \u021dow suffisau{n}ce.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1938 _nedi\u00fe no helpe_--nedede non help\n 1939 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 1940 _doutles_--dowteles\n 1941 _rycchesse_--Rychesses\n 1943 _helpe_--help\n _whiche_--whych\n 1944 _rycches_--Rychesse\n _dryuen_--dryue\n 1945 _hungre_--hungyr\n _\u00ferest_--thurst\n 1946 _\u00feei_--the\n _colde_--coold\n _in_--on\n 1947 _wilt answere_--wolt Answeren\n _y-nou\u021d_--y-now\n 1948 _\u00ferest_--thurst\n 1949 _colde_--coold\n 1950 _nat_--omitted\n 1951 _outerly_--vtrely\n 1953 _my\u021dt[e] ben_--myhte be\n 1957 _rychesse_--Rychesses]\n\n\nQUAMUIS FLUENTER DIUES.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: The rich man, had he a river of gold, would never rest\n content.]\n\n ++Al were it so \u00feat a ryche couetous man hadde riuer 1960\n fletynge alle of golde \u021ditte sholde it neuer staunche\n hys couetise.\n\n [Sidenote: Though his neck be loaded with precious pearls, and his\n fields be covered with innumerable herds, yet shall unquiet care\n never forsake him; and at his death his riches shall not bear him\n company.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feou\u021d he hadde his nekke I-charged\n wi\u00fe p{re}ciouse stones of \u00fee rede see. {and} \u00feou\u021d he do\n erye his feldes plentiuo{us} wi\u00fe an hundre\u00fe oxen neuere 1964\n ne shal his bytyng bysynesse forleten hym while he\n lyue\u00fe. ne \u00fee ly\u021dt[e] rychesses ne shal nat beren hym [[pg 72]]\n compaignie whanne he is dede.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1960 _riuer_--a Ryu{er}\n 1961 _alle_--al\n _golde_--gold\n _\u021ditte_--yit\n _staunche_--stau{n}chyn\n 1962, 1963 _\u00feou\u021d_--thow\n 1964 _erye_--Ere\n _hundre\u00fe_--hundred\n 1965 _while_--whyl\n 1966 _ly\u021dt[e]_--lyhte\n _shal_--shol\n 1967 _dede_--ded]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n OF DIGNITIES.]\n\nSET DIGNITATIB{US}.[4]\n\n [Footnote 4: Read _dignitates_.]\n\n [Sidenote: [The 4^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: It may be said that _dignities_ confer honour on their\n possessors.]\n\n ++Bvt dignitees to whom \u00feei ben comen make \u00feei hym 1968\n honorable {and} reuerent.\n\n [Sidenote: But have they power to destroy vice or implant virtue\n in the heart?]\n\n han \u00feei nat so grete streng\u00fee\n \u00feat \u00feei may putte vertues in \u00fee hertis of folk. \u00feat vsen\n \u00fee lordshipes of hem. or ellys may \u00feei don awey \u00fee\n vices.\n\n [Sidenote: So far from expelling vicious habits, they only render\n them more conspicuous.]\n\n Certys \u00feei [ne] ben nat wont to don awey wikkednesses. 1972\n but \u00feei ben wont ra\u00feer to shew[en] wikkednesses.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence arises the indignation when we see dignities\n given to wicked men.]\n\n {and} \u00feer of come\u00fe it \u00feat I haue ry\u021dt grete desdeyne.\n \u00feat dignites ben \u021deuen ofte to wicked men.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence Catullus\u2019 resentment against Nonius, whom he\n calls the botch, or impostume of the State.]\n\n \u00b6 For whiche \u00feing catullus clepid a consul of Rome \u00feat 1976\n hy\u021dt noni{us} postum. or boch. as who sei\u00fe he clepi\u00fe\n hy{m} a congregac{i}ou{n} of uices in his brest as a postum\n is ful of corrupc{i}ou{n}. al were \u00feis noni{us} set in a\n chayere of dignitee.\n\n [Sidenote: The deformities of wicked men would be less apparent if\n they were in more obscure situations.]\n\n Sest \u00feou nat \u00fean how gret vylenye 1980\n dignitees don to wikked men. \u00b6 Certys vnwor\u00feines of\n wikked men shold{e} ben \u00fee lasse ysen yif \u00feei nere renomed\n of none hono{ur}s.\n\n [Sidenote: Would you free yourself from peril by accepting a\n magistracy along with Decoratus a buffoon and informer?]\n\n \u00b6 Certys \u00feou \u00fei self ne\n my\u021dtest nat ben brou\u021dt wi\u00fe as many p{er}ils as \u00feou 1984\n my\u021dtest suffren \u00feat \u00fe{o}u woldest bere \u00fei magistrat wi\u00fe\n decorat. \u00feat is to seyn. \u00feat for no p{er}il \u00feat my\u021dt[e] bifalle{n}\n \u00fee by \u00fee offence of \u00fee kyng theodorik \u00feou noldest\n nat ben felawe in gouernaunce w{i}t{h} decorat. whanne 1988\n \u00feou say[e] \u00feat he had[de] wikkid corage of a likerous\n shrewe {and} of an acusor.\n\n [Sidenote: Honours do not render undeserving persons worthy of\n esteem.]\n\n \u00b6 Ne I ne may nat for swiche\n honours Iuge{n} hem wor\u00fei of reuerence \u00feat I deme {and}\n holde vnwor\u00fei to han \u00feilke same hono{ur}s.\n\n [Sidenote: If you find a man endowed with wisdom you deem him\n worthy of respect and of the wisdom which he professes.]\n\n \u00b6 Now yif 1992\n \u00feou saie a man \u00feat were fulfilled of wisdom. certys \u00feou\n ne my\u021dtest nat demen \u00fe{a}t he were vnwor\u00fei to \u00fee [[pg 73]]\n hono{ur}. or ellys to \u00fee wisdom of whiche he is fulfilled.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I could not do otherwise.]\n\n No q{uod} .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Virtue has her proper worth, which she ever\n transfers to her votaries.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys dignitees q{uod} she app{er}tienen 1996\n p{ro}perly to vertue. {and} uertue transporte\u00fe dignite anon\n to \u00feilke man to whiche she hir self is conioigned.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 1969 _make_--maken\n 1969 _grete_--gret\n 1972 [_ne_]--from C.\n _ben_--be\n 1972, 1973 _wikkednesses_--wykkydnesse\n 1973 _to_--omitted\n _shew[en]_--shewen\n 1974 _come\u00fe_--comth\n _grete desdeyne_--gret desdaign\n 1976 _whiche_--which\n 1977 _hy\u021dt_--hyhte\n _nonius_--MS. vonn{us}, C. nomy{us}\n _boch_--MS. bo\u00fee, C. boch\n _clepi\u00fe_--clepyd\n 1979 _nonius_--MS. uonn{us}, C. nomy{us}\n _set_--MS. sette, C. set\n 1980 _Sest \u00feou_--Sesthow\n _\u00fean_--thanne\n _vylenye_--fylonye\n 1981 _vnwor\u00feines_--vnworthynesse\n 1982 _ben_--be\n _ysen_--MS. ysene, C. I-sene\n 1984 _many_--manye\n 1985 _bere_--beren\n 1986 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 1987 _\u00fee_ (2)--omitted\n 1988 _whanne_--whan\n 1989 _say[e]_--saye\n _had[de]_--hadde\n 1994 _demen_--deme\n 1995 _whiche_--which\n 1996 _quod she_--omitted\n 1997 _vertue_--vertu\n _uertue_--vertu\n 1998 _whiche_--whych]\n\n [Headnote:\n DIGNITIES APPERTAIN TO VIRTUE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Honours conferred by the populace do not make men\n worthy of them, for they have no intrinsic merit to bestow.]\n\n \u00b6 And for as moche as hono{ur}s of poeple ne may nat\n maken folk digne of hono{ur}. it is wel seyn clerly \u00feat 2000\n \u00feei ne han no p{ro}pre beaute of dignite. \u00b6 And \u021dit men\n au\u021dten take more hede in \u00feis.\n\n [Sidenote: Dignities conferred upon shrews only make their vices\n the more conspicuous.]\n\n \u00b6 For if it so be \u00feat he\n is most out cast \u00feat most folk dispisen. or as dignite ne\n may nat maken shrewes wor\u00fei of no reuerences. \u00fean 2004\n make\u00fe dignites shrewes more dispised \u00fean p{re}ised. \u00fee\n whiche shrewes dignit[e] schewe\u00fe to moche folk\n\n [Sidenote: Nor do dignities themselves escape without injury; for\n worthless men take their revenge upon them, and defile them by\n their contagious villanies.]\n\n \u00b6 {and}\n for so\u00fee nat vnpunissed. \u00feat is forto sein. \u00feat shrewes\n reuengen hem a\u021deinward vpon dignites. for \u00feei \u021delden 2008\n a\u021dein to dignites as gret gerdou{n} whan \u00feei byspotten\n {and} defoulen dignites wi\u00fe hire vylenie.\n\n [Sidenote: These shadowy honours have nothing in their nature to\n procure respect; for if a man, having borne the honours of the\n consulate, should go among barbarians would this honour gain him\n their respect?]\n\n \u00b6 And for as\n moche as \u00feou mow[e] knowe \u00feat \u00feilke verray reuerence\n ne may nat comen by \u00fee shadewy t{ra}nsitorie dignitees. 2012\n vndirstonde now \u00feis. yif \u00feat a man hadde vsed {and}\n hadde many manere dignites of consules {and} were\n come{n} p{er}auenture amonges straunge nac{i}ou{n}s. sholde\n \u00feilke hono{ur} maken hym worshipful {and} redouted of 2016\n straunge folk\n\n [Sidenote: If respect were an attribute of honour it would\n infallibly bring esteem everywhere, just as heat is ever an\n attribute of fire.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys yif \u00feat honour of poeple were\n a naturel \u021difte to dignites. it ne my\u021dte neuer cesen\n nowher amonges no maner folke to done hys office.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2000 _clerly_--MS. clerkly, C. clerly\n 2002 _au\u021dten----hede_--owhten taken mor heed\n 2002-3 _For----dignite_--For yif so be \u00fe{a}t a wykkyd whyght be\n so mochel the fowler{e} {and} the moore owt cast \u00fe{a}t he\n is despised of most folk so as dignete\n 2004-2007 _maken----so\u00fee_--maken shrewes digne of Reu{er}ence\n the whych shrewes dignete sheweth to moche foolk thanne\n makith dignete shrewes rather so moche mor{e} despised than\n preysed {and} forsothe\n 2008 _\u021delden_--yilden\n 2009 _byspotten_--by-spetten\n 2010 _hire_--hyr\n 2011 _moche_--mochel\n _mow[e]_--mowe\n 2012 _\u00fee shadewy_--thyse shadwye\n 2013 _vndirstonde_--vndyrstond\n _\u00feis_--thus\n 2014 _hadde_--had\n 2018 _\u021difte_--yift\n 2019 _folke_--foolk\n _done_--don]\n\n [Headnote:\n DIGNITIES DO CONFER ESTEEM.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 17 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt as fire i{n} euery contre ne stinte\u00fe nat to 2020\n enchaufen {and} *to ben hote.\n\n [Sidenote: Honours arise from the false opinions of men, and\n vanish when they come among those who do not esteem them, that is,\n among foreign nations.]\n\n but for as myche as forto\n be holden honorable or reuerent ne come\u00fe nat to folk of\n hir p{ro}pre streng\u00fee of nat{ur}e. but only of \u00fee fals[e] [[pg 74]]\n opiniou{n} of folk. \u00feat is to sein. \u00feat wenen \u00feat dignites 2024\n maken folk digne of hono{ur}. An on \u00feerfore whan \u00feat\n \u00feei comen \u00feer as folk ne knowe{n} nat \u00feilke dignites.\n her hono{ur}s vanissen awey {and} \u00feat on oon. but \u00feat is\n a-mong straung folk. maist \u00feou sein.\n\n [Sidenote: Do they always endure in those places that gave birth\n to them?]\n\n but amo{n}g{us} 2028\n hem \u00feat \u00feei weren born duren \u00feilk[e] dignites alwey.\n\n [Sidenote: The Pr\u00e6torate was once a great honour, but now it is\n only an empty name and a heavy expense.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys \u00fee dignite of \u00fee p{ro}uostrie of Rome was somtyme\n a grete power. now is it no \u00feing but an ydel\n name. {and} \u00fee rente of \u00fee senatorie a g{r}et charge. 2032\n\n [Sidenote: What is more vile than the office of the\n superintendency of provisions?]\n\n {and} yif a whi\u021dt somtyme hadde \u00fee office to taken he[de] to\n \u00fee vitailes of \u00fee poeple as of corne {and} what o\u00feer \u00feinges\n he was holden amonges grete. but what \u00feing is more\n nowe out cast \u00feanne \u00feilke p{ro}uostrie\n\n [Sidenote: That which hath no innate beauty must lose its\n splendour or value according as popular opinion varies concerning\n it.]\n\n \u00b6 And as I haue 2036\n seid a litel here byforne. \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat ha\u00fe no\n p{ro}pre beaute of hym self resceyue\u00fe somtyme pris {and}\n shinynge {and} somtyme lesi\u00fe it by \u00fee opiniou{n} of\n vsaunces.\n\n [Sidenote: If dignities cannot confer esteem, if they become vile\n through filthy shrews, if they lose their lustre by the change of\n times, if they become worthless by the change of popular opinion,\n what beauty do they possess which should make them desirable, or\n what dignity can they confer on others?]\n\n \u00b6 Now yif \u00feat dignites \u00feanne ne mowen 2040\n nat maken folk digne of reuerence. {and} yif \u00fe{a}t dignites\n wexen foule of hir wille by \u00fee fil\u00fee of shrewes. \u00b6 and\n yif \u00feat dignites lesen hir shynynge by chaungyng of\n tymes. and yif \u00feei wexen foule by estimac{i}ou{n} of 2044\n poeple. what is it \u00feat \u00feei han in hem self of beaute\n \u00feat au\u021dte ben desired. as who sei\u00fe none. \u00feanne ne\n mowen \u00feei \u021diuen no beaute of dignite to none o\u00feer.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2020 _enchaufen_--eschaufen\n 2021 _myche_--mochel\n 2022 _be_--ben\n 2023 _fals[e]_--false\n 2024 _\u00feat_ (2)--omitted\n 2027 _her_--hyr\n _vanissen_--vanesshen\n 2028 _a-mong_--amonges\n _straung_--strau{n}ge\n _but_--ne\n 2029 _\u00feat_--ther\n _duren \u00feilk[e]_--ne duren nat thylke\n 2030 _somtyme_--whylom\n 2031 _grete_--gret\n 2032 _\u00fee_ (2)--omitted\n 2033 _somtyme_--whylom\n _\u00fee_--MS. \u00fee \u00fee\n 2034 _corne_--corn\n _what_--omitted\n 2035 _more nowe_--now more\n 2036 _cast_--MS. caste, C. cast\n 2037 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n _here byforne_--her by-forn\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2042 _fil\u00fee_--felthe\n 2043 _\u00feat_--omitted\n 2046 _au\u021dte_--owhte\n _none_--non\n 2047 _\u00feei_--MS. \u021de, C. they\n _none_--non]\n\n\nQUA{M}UIS SE TIRIO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 4^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Nero, though invested with the purple and adorned with\n pearls, was hated by all men.]\n\n ++Al be it so \u00feat \u00fee proude nero wi\u00fe al his woode luxurie 2048\n kembed hym {and} apparailed hym wi\u00fe faire purp{er}s\n of Tirie {and} wi\u00fe white perles. Algates \u021ditte throf he\n hateful to alle folk \u00b6 \u00feis is to seyn \u00feat\n al was he by-hated [[pg 75]]\n of alle folk.\n\n [Sidenote: Yet he had lordship, and gave to the senators the\n dishonoured seats of dignity.]\n\n \u00b6 \u021ditte \u00feis wicked Nero hadde gret 2052\n lordship {and} \u021daf somtyme to \u00fee dredeful senatours \u00fee\n vnworshipful setes of dignites. \u00b6 vnworshipful setes\n he clepi\u00fe here fore \u00feat Nero \u00feat was so wikked \u021daf \u00feo\n dignites.\n\n [Sidenote: Who then can think that felicity resides in honours\n given by vicious shrews?]\n\n who wolde \u00feanne resonably wenen \u00feat blysfulnesse 2056\n were in swiche hono{ur}s as ben \u021deuen by vicious\n shrewes.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2048 _al_ (2)--alle\n 2049 _kembed_--kembde\n _apparailed_--MS. apparailen, C. a-paraylede\n 2050 _\u021ditte_--yit\n 2053 _lordship_--lorshippe\n _\u021daf somtyme_--yaf whylom\n _dredeful_--reu{er}enc\u021d\n 2055 _fore_--for\n _\u021daf_--yaf]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n KINGDOMS DO NOT MAKE A MAN MIGHTY.]\n\nAN UERO REGNA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 5^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Do kingdoms and a familiarity with princes make a\n man mighty?]\n\n ++Bvt regnes {and} familarites of kynges may \u00feei maken a\n ma{n} to ben my\u021dty.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Why should they not if they are durable?]\n\n how ellys. \u00b6 whanne hir 2060\n blysfulnesse dure\u00fe p{er}petuely\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Past ages, as well as the present, furnish us with\n many examples of princes who have met with dismal reverses of\n fortune.]\n\n but certys \u00fee olde age of\n tyme passe\u00fe. {and} eke of p{re}sent tyme now is ful of\n ensau{m}ples how \u00fe{a}t kynges \u00feat han chaunged in to\n wrechednesse out of hir welefulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: O then how noble and glorious a thing is power that is\n too weak to preserve itself!]\n\n \u00b6 O a noble \u00feing 2064\n {and} a cler \u00feing is power \u00feat is nat founden my\u021dty to\n kepe it self.\n\n [Sidenote: If dominion brings felicity, then misery will follow if\n it be defective.]\n\n \u00b6 And yif \u00feat power of realmes be auctour\n {and} maker of blisfulnesse. yif \u00feilke power lakke\u00fe on\n any side. amenusi\u00fe it nat \u00feilke blisfulnesse {and} brynge\u00fe 2068\n in wrechednesse.\n\n [Sidenote: But human rule has its limits, therefore wherever power\n ceases there impotence enters, bringing misery along with it.]\n\n but yif al be it so \u00feat realmes of mankynde\n stretchen b{r}oode. \u021dit mot \u00feer nede ben myche\n folk ouer whiche \u00feat euery kyng ne ha\u00fe no lordshipe\n no comaundement \u00b6 and certys vpon \u00feilke syde \u00feat 2072\n power faille\u00fe whiche \u00feat maki\u00fe folk blisful. ry\u021dt on \u00feat\n same side nou{n}power entri\u00fe vndirne\u00fe \u00feat make\u00fe hem\n wreches.\n\n [Sidenote: Kings, therefore, have a larger portion of misery than\n of felicity.]\n\n \u00b6 In \u00feis manere \u00feanne moten kynges han\n more porciou{n} of wrechednesse \u00fean of welefulnesse. 2076\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2060 _my\u021dty_--MS. vnmy\u021dty, C. myhty\n 2062 _passe\u00fe_--passed\n _of_ (2)--omitted\n 2063 _kynges \u00feat han_--kynges ben\n 2066 _kepe_--kepen\n 2067 _maker_--maker{e}\n 2069 _yif_--yit\n _realmes_--the Reaumes\n 2070 _stretchen_--strechchen\n _myche_--moche\n 2071 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2073 _whiche_--whych\n 2074 _vndirne\u00fe_--vndyr-nethe]\n\n [Headnote:\n POWER DOES NOT DRIVE AWAY CARE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Dionysius of Sicily, conscious of this condition,\n exhibited the fears and cares of royalty by the terror of a naked\n sword hanging over the head of his friend and flatterer Damocles.]\n\n \u00b6 A tyraunt \u00feat was kyng of sisile \u00feat had[de] assaied\n \u00fee p{er}il of his estat shewid[e] by similitude \u00fee dredes\n of realmes by gastnesse of a swerde \u00feat heng ouer \u00fee\n heued of his familier.\n\n [Sidenote: What then is this thing called Power, which cannot do\n away with care or fear?]\n\n what \u00feing is \u00fean \u00feis power \u00feat 2080\n may nat don awey \u00fee bytynges of besines ne eschewe [[pg 76]]\n \u00fee prikkes of drede.\n\n [Sidenote: Men would live in security but cannot, and yet they\n glory in their power.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 18.]]\n\n and certys \u021dit wolden \u00feei lyuen\n *in sykernesse. but \u00feei may nat. and \u021dit \u00feei glorifien\n hem in her power\n\n [Sidenote: Is he powerful who cannot do what he wishes?]\n\n \u00b6 Holdest \u00feou \u00fean \u00feat \u00feilk[e] man 2084\n be my\u021dty \u00feat \u00fe{o}u seest \u00feat he wolde don \u00feat he may\n nat don.\n\n [Sidenote: Is he a mighty man who goes surrounded with an armed\n guard, to terrify those whom he himself fears, and whose power\n depends solely upon his numerous retinue?]\n\n \u00b6 And holdest \u00feou \u00fean hym a my\u021dty man\n \u00feat ha\u00fe environed hise sydes wi\u00fe men of armes or\n seruauntes {and} drede\u00fe more [hem] \u00feat he make\u00fe agast. 2088\n \u00feen \u00feei dreden hym. {and} \u00feat is put in \u00fee handes of hise\n seruaunt\u021d. for he sholde seme my\u021dty but of familiers\n [or] seruaunt\u021d of ky{n}ges.\n\n [Sidenote: Why need I enlarge upon the favourites of princes\n having thus displayed the imbecility of kings!]\n\n \u00b6 what sholde I telle \u00fee\n any \u00feing. syn \u00feat I my self haue shewed \u00fee \u00feat realmes 2092\n hem self ben ful of gret feblenesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Their prosperity is affected by the caprice of their\n fortunate masters as well as by the adversity to which they are\n incident.]\n\n \u00fee whiche familiers\n certis \u00fee real power of kynges in hool estat {and} in estat\n abated ful [ofte] \u00ferowe\u00fe adou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Nero only allowed his master Seneca to choose the\n manner of his death.]\n\n \u00b6 Nero co{n}streined[e]\n his familier {and} his maistre seneca to chesen on what 2096\n dee\u00fe he wolde deien.\n\n [Sidenote: Antonius (Caracalla) commanded Papinian to be slain by\n the swords of his soldiers.]\n\n \u00b6 Antonius comau{n}did[e] \u00feat\n kny\u021dtis slowen wi\u00fe her swerdis Papinian his familier\n whiche Papinian had[de] ben long tyme ful my\u021dty\n a-monges hem of \u00fee courte.\n\n [Sidenote: Yet both would have given up all they possessed.]\n\n and \u021dit certis \u00feei wolde bo\u00fee 2100\n han renou{n}ced her power.\n\n [Sidenote: Seneca begged for poverty and exile. But relentless\n fortune precipitated them to destruction, and did not permit them\n to choose their fate.]\n\n of whiche [two] senek enforced[e]\n hym to \u021diue{n} to Nero his rychesses. {and} also\n to han gon in to solitarie exil. \u00b6 But whan \u00fee grete\n wey\u021dt. \u00feat is to sein of lordes power or of fortune 2104\n drawe\u00fe hem \u00feat sholden falle. ney\u00feer of hem ne\n my\u021dt[e] do \u00feat he wolde.\n\n [Sidenote: What then is Power, which terrifies its possessors, and\n which cannot be got rid of at pleasure?]\n\n what \u00feing is \u00feanne \u00feilke\n power \u00feat \u00feou\u021d men han it \u00feat \u00feei ben agast. \u00b6 {and}\n whan \u00feou woldest han it \u00feou nart nat siker. \u00b6 And 2108\n yif \u00feou woldest forleten it \u00feou mayst nat eschewen it.\n\n [Sidenote: No advantage is to be gained by friendship based on\n prosperity instead of virtue.]\n\n \u00b6 But whe\u00feir swiche men ben frendes at nede as ben\n conseiled by fortune {and} nat by vertue.\n\n [Sidenote: Adversity will turn this sort of friendship into\n enmity. And what greater plague can there be than the enmity of\n thy familiar friend?]\n\n Certys swiche\n folk as weleful fortune make\u00fe frendes. contrarious fortune [[pg 77]]\n make\u00fe hem enmyse. \u00b6 And what pestilence is 2113\n more my\u021dty forto anoye a wi\u021dt \u00fean a familier enemy.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2077 _had[de]_--hadde\n 2078 _shewid[e]_--shewede\n 2079 _realmes_--Reaumes\n _swerde_--swerd\n _heng_--MS. henge, C. heng\n 2081 _besines_--bysynesse\n 2083 _\u021dit_--yif\n _glorifien_--gloryfye\n 2084 _\u00feilk[e]_--thylke\n 2087 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _environed_--enuyrownede\n 2088 [_hem_]--from C.\n 2089 _\u00feen_--than\n 2091 [_or_]--from C.\n 2092 _realmes_--Reames\n 2093 _feblenesse_--feblesse\n 2094 _real_--Ryal\n 2095 [_ofte_]--from C.\n _constreined[e]_--co{n}streynede\n 2096 _his_ (1)--hyr\n _seneca_--Senek\n 2097 _comaundid[e]_--comau{n}dede\n 2098 _her_--hyr\n 2099 _whiche_--which\n _had[de] ben long_--\u00fe{a}t hadde ben longe\n 2100 _courte_--court\n _wolde_--wolden\n 2101 [_two_]--from C.\n _enforced[e]_--enforcede\n 2102 _\u021diuen_--yeuen\n _his_--hyse\n 2104 _wey\u021dt_--weyhte\n 2105 _sholden_--sholen\n 2106 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n GLORY IS DECEPTIVE.]\n\nQUI SE UALET[5] ESSE POTENTEM.\n\n [Footnote 5: Read _uolet_]\n\n [Sidenote: [The 5^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: He who would obtain sovereign power must obtain\n conquest over himself, and not yield to his passions.]\n\n ++Who so wolde ben my\u021dty he mot dau{n}ten hys cruel\n corage. ne put[te] nat his nekke ouercomen vndir 2116\n \u00fee foule reines of lecherie.\n\n [Sidenote: Though your dominion extended from India to Thule, yet\n if thou art tormented by care thou hast no real power.]\n\n for al be it so \u00feat \u00fei lordship[e]\n strecche so fer \u00feat \u00fee contre Inde quaki\u00fe at \u00fei\n comaundement. or at \u00fei lawes. {and} \u00feat \u00fee leest isle in\n \u00fee see \u00feat hy\u021dt tile be \u00feral to \u00fee \u00b6 \u021dit yif \u00feou mayst 2120\n nat pute{n} awey \u00fei foule derk[e] desijres {and} dryue{n}\n oute fro \u00fee wreched co{m}pleyntes. Certis it nis no\n power \u00feat \u00feou hast.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2115 _wolde ben_--wole be\n 2116 _put[te]_--putte\n 2117 _lordship[e]_--lordshype\n 2119 _comaundement_--comau{n}dement\u021d\n _leest isle_--last Ile\n 2120 _hy\u021dt_--hyhte\n 2121 _puten_--putten\n _derk[e]_--dyrke\n 2122 _oute_--owt]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n GENTILITY IS FOREIGN TO RENOWN.]\n\nGLORIA UERO QUA{M} FALLAX.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 6^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: How deceptive and deformed a thing is glory! Well did\n the Tragedian exclaim--\u1f66 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd\n \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f64\u03b3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd, for the undeserving have been\n crowned with glory and renown by popular and erring opinion.]\n\n ++Bvt glorie how deceiuable {and} how foule is it ofte. for 2124\n whiche \u00feing nat vnskilfully a tregedien \u00feat is to\n sein a maker of dites \u00feat hy\u021dten tregedies cried[e] {and}\n seide. \u00b6 O glorie glorie q{uod} he. \u00feou nart no \u00feing\n ellys to \u00feousandes of folkes. but a gret sweller of eres. 2128\n for many[e] han had ful gret renou{n} by \u00fee fals[e] oppiniou{n}\n of poeple.\n\n [Sidenote: What can be more infamous than renoun founded on the\n prejudices of the vulgar?]\n\n and what \u00feing may ben \u00feou\u021dt fouler\n \u00feen swiche p{re}isynge\n\n [Sidenote: Those that are undeservedly praised ought to blush for\n shame.]\n\n for \u00feilk[e] folk \u00feat be{n} p{re}ised\n falsly. \u00feei moten nedes han shame of hir p{re}isynges. 2132\n\n [Sidenote: If a wise man gets well-merited praise it does not add\n to his felicity.]\n\n {and} yif \u00feat folk han gete{n} hem \u00feank or p{re}ysyng by\n her desertes. what \u00feing ha\u00fe \u00feilk pris echid or encresed\n to \u00fee conscience of wise folk \u00fe{a}t mesure{n} hire\n good. not by \u00fee rumo{ur} of \u00fee poeple. but by \u00fee so\u00feefastnesse 2136\n of conscience.\n\n [Sidenote: If it be a good thing to spread abroad one\u2019s fame, it\n must be dishonourable not to do so.]\n\n {and} yif it seme a fair \u00feing a\n man to han encresid {and} sprad his name. \u00fean folwe\u00fe\n it. \u00feat it is demed to ben a foule \u00feinge yif it ne be [[pg 78]]\n ysprad ne encresed.\n\n [Sidenote: But a good name cannot penetrate everywhere, and the\n most illustrious names must be unknown to the greatest part of the\n world.]\n\n but as I seide a litel her byforne. 2140\n \u00feat syn \u00feer mot nedes ben many folk to whiche folk \u00fee\n renou{n} of a man ne may nat comen. it byfalle\u00fe \u00feat he\n \u00feat \u00feou wenest be glorious {and} renomed. semi\u00fe in \u00fee\n nexte p{ar}ties of \u00fee er\u00fee to ben wi\u00fe out glorie. {and} wi\u00fe 2144\n out renou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: The favour of the people is worth but little as it is\n seldom judicious and never permanent.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 18 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 and certis amo{n}ges \u00feise \u00feinges I ne trowe\n nat \u00feat \u00fee p{r}is {and} grace of \u00fee poeple nis nei\u00feer wor\u00fei\n *to ben remembrid ne come\u00fe of wise iugement. ne is\n ferm p{er}durably.\n\n [Sidenote: How empty and transitory are titles of nobility!]\n\n \u00b6 But now of \u00feis name of gentilesse. 2148\n what man is it \u00feat ne may wel seen how veyne {and}\n how flittyng a \u00feing it is.\n\n [Sidenote: Gentility is wholly foreign to renown, and to those who\n boast of noble birth.]\n\n \u00b6 For if \u00fee name of gentilesse\n be referred to renou{n} {and} clernesse of linage. \u00fean\n is gentil name but a for[e]ine \u00feing. \u00feat is to sein to 2152\n hem \u00feat glorifien hem of hir linage.\n\n [Sidenote: Nobility is fame derived from the merits of one\u2019s\n ancestors.]\n\n \u00b6 For it seme\u00fe\n \u00feat gentilesse be a maner p{re}ysynge \u00feat come\u00fe of decert\n of auncestres.\n\n [Sidenote: If praise can give nobility they are noble who are\n praised.]\n\n \u00b6 And yif p{re}ysynge make\u00fe gentilesse\n \u00fean moten \u00feei nedes be gentil \u00feat ben p{re}ysed. 2156\n\n [Sidenote: Then if thou hast no nobility of thy own, thou canst\n not derive any splendour from the merits of others.]\n\n For whiche \u00feing it folwe\u00fe. \u00feat yif \u00feou ne haue no gentilesse\n of \u00fei self. \u00feat is to sein pris \u00fe{a}t come\u00fe of \u00fei deserte\n foreine gentilesse ne make\u00fe \u00fee nat gentil.\n\n [Sidenote: If there be any good in nobleness of birth, it consists\n alone in this, that it imposes an obligation upon its possessors\n not to degenerate from the virtues of their ancestors.]\n\n \u00b6 But certis\n yif \u00feer be any goode in gentilesse. I trowe it be i{n} al 2160\n oonly \u00feis. \u00feat it seme\u00fe as \u00feat a maner necessitee be imposed\n to gentil men. for \u00feat \u00feei ne sholden nat outraien\n or forliuen fro \u00fee uertues of hire noble kynrede.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2124 _foule_--fowl\n 2125 _whiche_--whych\n 2126 _maker_--maker{e}\n _cried[e]_--cryde\n 2127 _he_--she\n 2128 _sweller_--sweller{e}\n 2129 _many[e]_--manye\n _had_--MS. hadde, C. had\n _fals[e]_--false\n 2130 _fouler_--fowler{e}\n 2131 _\u00feen_--thanne\n _\u00feilk[e]_--thylke\n 2133 _or_--of\n 2134 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _\u00feilke_--thylke\n 2139 _foule \u00feinge_--fowl thing\n 2140 _ne_--{and}\n _byforne_--byforn\n 2144 _parties_--partye\n _er\u00fee_--Erthes\n _out_--owte\n 2145 _out_--owhte\n 2148 _ferm_--ferme\n 2149 _veyne_--veyn\n 2150 _if_--yif\n 2154 _come\u00fe of_--comth of the\n 2157 _whiche_--which\n 2158 _pris_--preys\n _come\u00fe_--comth\n 2160 _goode_--good\n _in_ (2)--omitted\n 2161 _maner_--maner{e}]\n\n\nOMNE HOMINU{M} GENUS IN TERRIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 6^th Metre.]]\n\n [Sidenote: All men have the same origin.]\n\n ++Al \u00fee linage of men \u00feat ben i{n} er\u00fee ben of semblable 2164\n bur\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: They have one father and one king, who gave the moon\n her horns, and adorned the sun with his rays.]\n\n On al one is fadir of \u00feinges. On alone\n minyst[r]e\u00fe alle \u00feinges. \u00b6 He \u021daf to \u00fee sonne hys\n bemes. he \u021daf to \u00fee moone hir hornes.\n\n [Sidenote: The same gave the earth to man and adorned the sky with\n stars.]\n\n he \u021daf \u00fee men to\n \u00fee er\u00fee. he \u021daf \u00fee sterres to \u00fee heuene.\n\n [Sidenote: He breathed into man the breath of life.]\n\n \u00b6 he enclose\u00fe 2168\n wi\u00fe membres \u00fee soules \u00feat comen fro hys heye sete. [[pg 79]]\n\n [Sidenote: All men spring from this illustrious source.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feanne comen alle mortal folk of noble seed.\n\n [Sidenote: Why then do they boast of pedigree?]\n\n whi noysen \u021de or bosten of \u021doure eldris\n\n [Sidenote: He alone is ignoble who submits to vice and forgets his\n noble origin.]\n\n \u00b6 For yif \u00feou\n look[e] \u021doure bygy{n}ny{n}g. and god \u021doure aucto{ur} {and} 2172\n \u021doure makere. \u00fean is \u00feer no forlyued wy\u021dt but \u021dif he\n norisse his corage vnto vices {and} forlete his p{ro}pre\n bur\u00fee.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2166 _hys_--hyse\n 2167 _hir_--hyse\n 2169 _fro hys_--fram hyse\n 2170 _seed_--sede\n 2171 _bosten_--MS. voscen, C. bosten\n 2172 _look[e]_--loke]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n SENSUAL PLEASURES FULL OF ANXIETY.]\n\nQUID AUTEM DE CORPORIBUS.[6]\n\n [Footnote 6: Read _corporis voluptatibus_.]\n\n [Sidenote: [The 7^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: But what shall I say with respect to sensual pleasures,\n the desire of which is full of anxiety, and the enjoyment of them\n full of repentance?]\n\n ++But what shal I seie of delices of body. of whic[h]e 2176\n delices \u00fee desiringes ben ful of anguisse. {and} \u00fee\n fulfillinges of he{m} ben ful of penaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: What diseases and intolerable pains (the merited fruits\n of vice) are these delights wont to bring upon those who enjoy\n them!]\n\n \u00b6 How grete\n sekenesse {and} how grete sorwes vnsuffrable ry\u021dt as a\n manere fruit of wickednesse ben \u00feilke delices wont to 2180\n bryngen to \u00fee bo[d]ies of folk \u00feat vsen hem.\n\n [Sidenote: I am unable to see what joy is to be found in the\n gratification of them.]\n\n \u00b6 Of\n whiche delices I not what ioye may ben had of hir\n moeuyng.\n\n [Sidenote: The remembrance of criminal indulgence brings with it\n bitter remorse.]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00feis woot I wel \u00feat who so euere wil\n remembren hym of hys luxuries. he shal wel vndirstonde. 2184\n \u00feat \u00fee issues of delices ben sorowful {and} sory.\n\n [Sidenote: If such things make men happy, then may brutes attain\n to felicity, since by their instinct they are urged to satisfy\n their bodily delights.]\n\n \u00b6 And yif \u00feilke delices mowen make folk blisful. \u00fean\n by \u00fee same cause moten \u00feise bestes ben clepid blisful.\n \u00b6 Of whiche bestes al \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n} haste\u00fe to fulfille 2188\n hire bodyly iolyte.\n\n [Sidenote: A wife and children do not always bring happiness, for\n some have found tormentors in their own offspring.]\n\n and \u00fee gladnesse of wijf [{and}]\n children were [an] honest \u00feing. but it ha\u00fe ben seid.\n \u00feat it is ouer myche a\u021deins kynde \u00feat children han ben\n fou{n}den tormentours to hir fadres I not how many. 2192\n \u00b6 Of whiche children how bitynge is euery condic{i}ou{n}.\n It nede\u00fe nat to tellen it \u00fee \u00feat hast or \u00feis tyme assaied\n it. {and} art \u021dit now anguysso{us}.\n\n [Sidenote: I approve of this opinion of Euripides, that he who is\n childless is happy in his misfortune.]\n\n In \u00feis approue I \u00fee\n sentence of my disciple Euridippus. \u00feat seide \u00feat he 2196\n \u00feat ha\u00fe no children is weleful by i{n}fortune.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2173 _is_--nis\n 2176 _delices_--delites\n _body_--bodye\n 2177 _anguisse_--Angwyssh\n 2178 _grete_--gret\n 2179 _sekenesse_--sykenesse\n _grete sorwes_--gret soruwes\n 2180 _fruit_--frut\n 2182 _had_--MS. hadde, C. had\n 2183 _wil_--wole\n 2184 _hys_--hyse\n 2185 _sorowful_--sorwful\n _sory_--sorye\n 2186 _make_--makyn\n 2189 [_and_]--from C.\n 2190 [_an_]--from C.\n _ha\u00fe_--ha\u00fee\n _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n 2191 _myche_--mochel\n 2192 _many_--manye\n 2196 _Euridippus_--Eurydyppys; _read_ Euripides\n 2197 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n\n [[pg 80]]\n [Headnote:\n NO HAPPINESS IN EXTERNAL THINGS.]\n\nHABET HOC UOLUPTAS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 7^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Pleasure leaves a pain behind it.]\n\n ++Euery delit ha\u00fe \u00feis. \u00feat it anguisse\u00fe hem wi\u00fe prikkes\n \u00fe{a}t vsen it.\n\n [Sidenote: The bee gives us agreeable honey, but try to hold it,\n and it quickly flies, leaving its sting behind.]\n\n \u00b6 It resembli\u00fe to \u00feise flying flyes \u00feat\n we clepen been. \u00feat aftre \u00feat \u00fee bee ha\u00fe shed hys agreable 2200\n honies he flee\u00fe awey {and} stynge\u00fe \u00fee hertes of he{m}\n \u00feat ben ysmyte wi\u00fe bytynge ouer longe holdynge.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2198 _Euery_--MS. Ouery, C. Every\n 2198, 2200 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _shed hys_--shad hyse]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n MEN ARE LED ASTRAY BY IGNORANCE.]\n\nNICHIL IGITUR DUBIUM EST.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 8^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: It appears then that happiness is not to be found in\n the above-mentioned external things.]\n\n ++Now nis it no doute \u00fean \u00fe{a}t \u00feise weyes ne ben a\n maner mysledy{n}g to blisfulnesse. ne \u00feat \u00feei ne 2204\n mowe nat leden folke \u00feider as \u00feei byheten to lede{n}\n hem.\n\n [Sidenote: These false ways are perplexed with many evils, as I\n shall presently show thee.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 19.]]\n\n \u00b6 But wi\u00fe how grete harmes \u00feise *forseide weyes\n ben enlaced. \u00b6 I shal shewe \u00fee shortly.\n\n [Sidenote: Do you want to amass wealth, then you must take it from\n your neighbours.]\n\n \u00b6 For whi\n yif \u00feou enforcest \u00fee to assemble moneye. \u00feou most by-reuen 2208\n hym his moneye \u00feat ha\u00fe it.\n\n [Sidenote: Would you shine in dignities, then you must beg for\n them and disgrace yourself by a humiliating supplication.]\n\n and yif \u00feou wilt\n shynen wi\u00fe dignites. \u00feou most bysechen {and} supplien\n hem \u00feat \u021diue{n} \u00feo dignitees. \u00b6 And yif \u00feou coueitest\n by hono{ur} to gon by-fore o\u00feer folk \u00fe{o}u shalt defoule \u00fei 2212\n self by hu{m}blesse of axing.\n\n [Sidenote: If power be your ambition, you expose yourself to the\n snares of inferiors.]\n\n yif \u00feou desiryst power.\n \u00feou shalt by awaites of \u00fei subgit\u021d anoyously be cast\n vndir many p{er}iles.\n\n [Sidenote: Do you ask for glory, to be distracted by vexations and\n so lose all security.]\n\n axest \u00feou glorie \u00fe{o}u shalt ben so\n destrat by aspre \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feou shalt forgone sykernesse. 2216\n\n [Sidenote: Do you prefer a voluptuous life? Think then that all\n men will despise him who is a thrall to his body.]\n\n \u00b6 And yif \u00feou wilt leden \u00fei lijf in delices.\n euery whi\u021dt shal dispisen \u00fee {and} forleten \u00fee as \u00feou \u00feat\n art \u00feral to \u00feing \u00feat is ry\u021dt foule {and} brutel. \u00feat is [to]\n sein seruau{n}t to \u00fei body.\n\n [Sidenote: They build upon a weak foundation that place bodily\n delights above their own reason.]\n\n \u00b6 Now is it \u00fean wel yseen 2220\n how lytel {and} how brutel possessiou{n} \u00feei coueiten \u00feat\n putten \u00fee goodes of \u00fee body abouen hire owe{n} resou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Can you surpass the elephant in bulk, or the bull in\n strength?]\n\n \u00b6 For mayst \u00feou so{ur}mou{n}te{n} \u00feise olifu\u00f1t\u021d in gretnesse\n or wey\u021dt of body. Or mayst \u00feou ben strenger \u00fean \u00fee 2224\n bole.\n\n [Sidenote: Art thou swifter than the tiger?]\n\n Mayst \u00feou ben swifter \u00fean \u00fee tigre.\n\n [Sidenote: Behold the immense extent of the heavens and cease to\n admire vile or lesser things.]\n\n biholde \u00fee\n spaces {and} \u00fee stablenesse {and} \u00fee swyfte cours of \u00fee [[pg 81]]\n heuene. {and} stynte somtyme to wondren on foule\n \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Admire what is still more admirable, the consummate\n wisdom that governs them.]\n\n \u00fee whiche heuene certys nis nat ra\u00feer for \u00feise 2228\n \u00feinges to ben wondred vpon. \u00fean for \u00fee resou{n} by\n whiche it is gouerned.\n\n [Sidenote: How fleeting is beauty!]\n\n but \u00fee shynynge of \u00fei forme \u00feat\n is to seien \u00fee beaute of \u00fei body. how swiftly passyng is\n it {and} how transitorie.\n\n [Sidenote: It fades sooner than the vernal flowers.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis it is more flittynge 2232\n \u00fean \u00fee mutabilite of floures of \u00fee som{er} sesou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: For, as Aristotle says, if a man were lynx-eyed and\n could look into the entrails of Alcibiades (so fair outwardly) he\n would find all foul and loathsome.]\n\n For so\n as aristotil telle\u00fe \u00feat yif \u00feat men hadden eyen of a\n beest \u00feat hi\u021dt lynx. so \u00feat \u00fee lokyng of folk my\u021dt[e]\n percen \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee \u00feinges \u00fe{a}t wi\u00festonden it. who so lokid 2236\n \u00fean in \u00fee entrailes of \u00fee body of alcibiades \u00feat was\n ful fayr in \u00fee sup{er}fice wi\u00fe oute. it shulde seme ry\u021dt\n foule.\n\n [Sidenote: Thy nature does not make thee seem beautiful, but the\n imperfect view of thy admirers.]\n\n {and} for \u00fei yif \u00feou semest faire. \u00fei nature ne\n maki\u00fe nat \u00feat. but \u00fee desceiuau{n}ce of \u00fee fieblesse of \u00fee 2240\n eyen \u00feat loken.\n\n [Sidenote: Prize bodily perfections as much as you will, yet a\n three days\u2019 fever will destroy them.]\n\n \u00b6 But p{re}ise \u00fee goodes of \u00fei body as\n moche as euer \u00fee list. so \u00feat \u00feou know[e] algates \u00feat\n what so it be. \u00feat is to seyn of \u00fee goodes of \u00fei body\n whiche \u00feat \u00fe{o}u wondrest vpon may ben destroied or 2244\n dessolued by \u00fee hete of a feuere of \u00fere dayes. \u00b6 Of\n alle whiche forseide \u00feinges I may reduce{n} \u00feis shortly in\n a so{m}me.\n\n [Sidenote: Worldly goods do not give what they promise, do not\n comprise every good, are not the paths to felicity, nor can of\n themselves make any one happy.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feat \u00feise worldly goodes whiche \u00feat ne\n mowen nat \u021diuen \u00feat \u00feei byheten. ne ben nat p{er}fit by 2248\n \u00fee congregac{i}ou{n} of alle goodes. \u00feat \u00feei ne ben nat\n weyes ne pa\u00fees \u00feat bryngen men to blysfulnesse ne\n maken men to ben blysful.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2203 _nis_--is\n 2204 _mysledyng_--mysledynges\n 2205 _folke_--folk\n 2208 _enforcest_--MS. enforced, C. enforcest\n 2209 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _wilt_--wolt\n 2211 _\u021diuen_--yeuen\n 2212 _gon_--MS. gone, C. gon\n _by-fore_--byforn\n _shalt_--shal\n 2213 _by_--thorw\n 2214 _by_--be\n _be_--ben\n 2216 _destrat_--MS. destralle, C. destrat\n _forgone_--forgoon\n 2217 _wilt_--wolt\n 2218 _whi\u021dt_--wyht\n 2219 _foule_--fowl\n [_to_]--from C.\n 2220 _yseen_--seen\n 2221 _brutel_--brotel\n 2222 _owen_--owne\n 2224 _wey\u021dt_--weyhty\n _strenger_--strenger{e}\n 2225 _swifter_--swyfter{e}\n _biholde_--by-hold\n 2227 _stynte_--stynt\n 2228 _whiche_--whych\n 2230 _whiche_--wych\n 2231 _seien_--seyn\n 2234 _as_--omitted\n 2235 _hi\u021dt_--hyhte\n _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 2237 _alcibiades_--MS. alcidiades\n 2238 _fayr_--fayr{e}\n _\u00fee_--omitted\n _shulde_--sholde\n 2239 _foule_--fowl\n _faire_--fayr\n _ne_--omitted\n 2240 _desceiuaunce of \u00fee fieblesse_--deceyuable or the feblesse\n 2242 _moche_--mochel\n _know[e]_--knowe\n 2243 _\u00fee_--omitted\n _\u00fei body whiche_--the body whych\n 2247 _a_--omitted]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n MEN PURSUE FALSE JOYS.]\n\nHEU Q{UE} MISEROS TRAMITE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 8^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Alas! how through folly and ignorance do men stray from\n the path of true happiness!]\n\n ++Allas whiche folie {and} whiche ignorau{n}ce mysledi\u00fe 2252\n wandryng wrecches fro \u00fee pa\u00fee of verrey good.\n\n [Sidenote: Ye do not seek gold upon trees nor diamonds from the\n vine.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis \u021de ne seken no golde in grene trees. ne \u021de ne\n gadren [nat] p{re}cious stones in \u00fee vines. [[pg 82]]\n\n [Sidenote: Ye lay not your nets to catch fish upon the lofty\n hills.]\n\n ne \u021de ne\n hiden nat \u021doure gynnes in hey\u021de mou{n}taignes to kachen 2256\n fisshe of whiche \u021de may maken ryche festes.\n\n [Sidenote: The hunter goes not to the Tyrrhene waters to hunt the\n roe.]\n\n and yif\n \u021dow lyke\u00fe to hunte to roos. \u021de ne gon nat to \u00fee foordes\n of \u00fee water \u00feat hy\u021dt tyrene.\n\n [Sidenote: Men know where to look for white pearls, and for the\n fish that yields the purple dye.]\n\n {and} ouer \u00feis men knowen\n wel \u00fee crikes {and} \u00fee cau{er}nes of \u00fee see yhidd in \u00fee 2260\n floodes. {and} knowen eke whiche water is most plentiuo{us}\n of white perles. {and} knowen whiche water habunde\u00fe\n most of rede purpre. \u00feat is to seyen of a maner shelfisshe\n w{i}t{h} whiche men dien purpre.\n\n [Sidenote: They know where the most delicate of the finny race\n abound and where the fierce sea-urchin is to be found.]\n\n {and} knowen 2264\n whiche strondes habounden most of tendre fisshes or\n of sharpe fisshes \u00feat hy\u021dten echynnys.\n\n [Sidenote: But where the Sovereign Good abides blinded mortals\n never know, but plunge into the earth below to look for that which\n has its dwelling in the heavens.]\n\n but folk suffren\n hem self to ben so blynde \u00feat hem ne recchi\u00fe nat to\n knowe where \u00feilk[e] goodes ben yhidd whiche \u00feat \u00feei 2268\n coueiten but ploungen hem in er\u00fee {and} seken \u00feere\n \u00feilke goode \u00fe{a}t so{ur}mou{n}te\u00fe \u00fee heuene \u00feat bere\u00fe \u00fee\n sterres.\n\n [Sidenote: What doom do the silly race deserve?]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 19 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 what *p{re}yere may I make \u00feat be digne to\n \u00fee nice \u00feou\u021dtis of men.\n\n [Sidenote: May they pursue such false joys, and having obtained\n them, too late find out the value of the true.]\n\n but I p{re}ye \u00feat \u00feei coueite{n} 2272\n rycches {and} hono{ur}s so \u00feat whan \u00feei han geten \u00feo\n false goodes wi\u00fe greet trauayle \u00feat \u00feerby \u00feei mowe\n knowen \u00fee verray goodes.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2252 _whiche_ (_both_)--whych\n 2253 _pa\u00fee_--paath\n _good_--goode\n 2254 _golde_--gold]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE INSUFFICIENCY OF WORLDLY BLISS.]\n\nHACTENUS MENDACIS FORMA{M}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 9^ne p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I have been describing the form of counterfeit\n happiness, and if you have considered it attentively I shall\n proceed to give you a perfect view of the true.]\n\n ++IT suffisi\u00fe \u00feat I haue shewed hider to \u00fee forme of 2276\n false wilfulnesse. so \u00feat yif \u00feou look[e] now clerely\n \u00fee ordre of myn entenc{i}ou{n} requeri\u00fe from hennes for\u00fee\n to shewe{n} \u00fee verray wilfulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I now see that there is no sufficiency in riches,\n no power in royalty, no esteem in dignities, nor nobility in\n renown, nor joy in carnal pleasures.]\n\n \u00b6 For q{uod} .I. (b) [I.]\n se wel now \u00feat suffisau{n}ce may nat comen by richesse. ne 2280\n power by realmes. ne reuere{n}ce by dignitees. ne gentilesse\n by glorie. ne ioye by delices. and (p) hast \u00feou wel\n knowen q{uo}d she \u00fee cause whi it is. Certis me seme\u00fe\n q{uod} .I. \u00feat .I. se hem ry\u021dt as \u00feou\u021d\n it were \u00feoru\u021d a litel [[pg 83]]\n clifte.\n\n [Sidenote: I have a glimpse of the cause of all this, but I should\n like a more distinct view.]\n\n but me were leuer knowen hem more openly of 2285\n \u00fee. Certys q{uod} she \u00fee resou{n} is al redy\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ The cause is obvious--for that which is by nature\n one and indivisible human ignorance separates and divides, and\n reverses the true order of things.]\n\n \u00b6 For\n \u00feilk \u00feing \u00feat symply is on \u00feing wi\u00fe outen ony\n diuisiou{n}. \u00fee errour {and} folie of mankynde departe\u00fe 2288\n {and} diuidi\u00fe it. {and} misledi\u00fe it {and} t{ra}nsporte\u00fe from\n verray {and} p{er}fit goode. to goodes \u00feat ben false {and}\n inp{er}fit.\n\n [Sidenote: Does that state which needs nothing stand in need of\n power?]\n\n \u00b6 But seye me \u00feis. wenest \u00feou \u00feat he \u00feat ha\u00fe\n nede of power \u00feat hy{m} ne lakke\u00fe no \u00feing.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I should say no. _P._ Right! That which wants\n power needs external aid.]\n\n Nay q{uo}d 2292\n .I \u00b6 Certis q{uo}d she \u00feou seist ary\u021dt. For yif so be\n \u00fe{a}t \u00feer is a \u00feing \u00feat in any p{ar}tie be fieble of power.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ That is true! _P._ Sufficiency and power therefore\n are of one nature. _B._ It seems so indeed.]\n\n Certis as in \u00feat it most[e] nedes be nedy of foreine\n helpe. \u00b6 Ri\u021dt so it is q{uo}d .I. Suffisaunce and power 2296\n ben \u00fean of on kynde \u00b6 So seme\u00fe it q{uod} I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Are power and sufficiency to be despised? Are they\n not rather worthy of universal respect?]\n\n \u00b6 And\n demyst \u00feou q{uo}d she \u00feat a \u00feing \u00feat is of \u00feis manere.\n \u00feat is to seine suffisau{n}t {and} my\u021dty au\u021dt[e] to ben dispised.\n or ellys \u00fe{a}t it be ry\u021dt digne of reuerences abouen 2300\n alle \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ They are doubtless highly estimable. _P._ Add\n respect to sufficiency and power, and consider all three as one\n and the same thing.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d I it nys no doute \u00feat it\n nis ry\u021dt wor\u00fei to ben reuerenced. \u00b6 Lat vs q{uo}d she \u00fean\n adden reuerence to suffisaunce {and} to power \u00b6 So \u00feat\n we demen \u00feat \u00feise \u00fere \u00feinges ben alle o \u00feing.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I see no objection to that view.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis 2304\n q{uo}d I lat vs adden it. yif we willen graunten \u00fee so\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ But can that be obscure and ignoble which\n possesses three such attributes? is it not noble and worthy of a\n shining reputation?]\n\n what demest \u00feou \u00fean q{uo}d she is \u00feat a dirke \u00feing {and}\n nat noble \u00feat is suffisau{n}t reu{er}ent {and} my\u021dty. or ellys\n \u00feat is ry\u021dt clere {and} ry\u021dt noble of celebrete of renou{n}. 2308\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2256 _hey\u021de_--the hyye\n _kachen_--kachche\n 2257 _fisshe_--fyssh\n 2258 _hunte_--honte\n _roos_--Rooes\n 2259 _hy\u021dt_--hyhte\n 2260 _crikes_--brykes\n _yhidd_--MS. yhidde, C. I-hyd\n 2261, 2262 _whiche_--whych\n 2263 _shelfisshe_--shelle fysh\n 2264, 2265 _whiche_--whych\n 2264 _dien_--deyen\n 2265 _of_--w{i}t{h}\n 2266 _echynnys_--MS. ethynnys, C. Echynnys\n 2268 _yhidd_--MS. yhidde, C. I-hydd\n 2270 _goode_--good\n 2271 _make_--maken\n 2273 _rycches_--Rychesse\n 2277 _wilfulnesse_--welefulnesse\n _look[e]_--loke\n _clerely_--clerly\n 2279 _wilfulnesse_--welefulnesse\n _For_--For-sothe\n [_I._]--from C.\n 2280 _richesse_--Rychesses\n 2281 _realmes_--Reames\n 2287 _\u00feilk_--thylke\n _on_--o\n 2290 _goode_--good\n 2291 _seye_--sey\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2294 _fieble_--febler{e}\n 2295 _most[e]_--mot\n 2296 _helpe_--help\n 2297 _on_--o\n 2298 _demyst \u00feou_--demesthow\n 2299 _seine_--seyn\n _au\u021dt[e]_--owhte\n 2300 _reuerences_--Reu{er}ence\n 2302 _nis ry\u021dt_--is ryht\n 2304 _alle_--al\n 2305 _willen_--wolen\n 2306 _dirke_--dyrk\n 2308 _clere_--cler\n _of celebrete_--by celebryte]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE UNITY OF TRUE FELICITY.]\n\n [Sidenote: He who is most powerful and worthy of renown--if he\n lack fame which he cannot give to himself, must (by this defect)\n seem in some measure more weak and abject.]\n\n \u00b6 Considere \u00fean q{uo}d she as we han grau{n}tid her byforne.\n \u00feat he \u00feat ne ha\u00fe ne[de] of no \u00feing {and} is most\n my\u021dty {and} most digne of hono{ur} yif hym nedi\u00fe any\n clernesse of renou{n} whiche clernesse he my\u021dt[e] nat 2312\n graunten of hym self. \u00b6 So \u00feat for lakke of \u00feilke\n clerenesse he my\u021dt[e] seme febler on any syde or \u00fee\n more outcaste. _Glosa._ \u00feis is to seyne nay. [[pg 84]]\n\n [Sidenote: He that is sufficiently mighty and esteemed will have\n necessarily an illustrious name.]\n\n \u00b6 For who\n so \u00feat is suffisau{n}t my\u021dty {and} reuerent. clernesse of 2316\n renou{n} folwe\u00fe of \u00fee forseide \u00feinges. he ha\u00fe it alredy of\n hys suffisaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I cannot deny it, for reputation seems inseparable\n from the advantages you have just mentioned.]\n\n boice. I may nat q{uo}d I denye it.\n \u00b6 But I mot graunten as it is. \u00feat \u00feis \u00feing be ry\u021dt\n celebrable by clernesse of renou{n} {and} noblesse.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Therefore Renown differs in no wise from the three\n above-mentioned attributes.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean 2320\n folwe\u00fe it q{uo}d she \u00feat we adden clernesse of renou{n} to\n \u00fee \u00fere forseide \u00feinges. so \u00feat \u00feer ne be amonges hem\n no difference. {and} \u00feis is a consequente q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: And if any one then stands in need of no external aid,\n can have all he wants, and is illustrious and respected--is not\n his condition very agreeable and pleasant?]\n\n \u00feis \u00feing \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat ne ha\u00fe no nede of no foreine 2324\n \u00feing. {and} \u00feat may don alle \u00feinges by his streng\u00fees.\n {and} \u00feat is noble {and} hono{ur}able. nis nat \u00feat a myrie\n \u00feing {and} a ioyful.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I cannot conceive how such a one can have grief or\n trouble.]\n\n _boice._ but wenest q{uo}d I \u00fe{a}t any\n sorow my\u021dt[e] comen to \u00feis \u00feing \u00feat is swiche. \u00b6 Certys 2328\n I may nat \u00feinke.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ It must then be a state of happiness; and we may\n also affirm that sufficiency, power, nobility, differ only in\n name, but not in substance.]\n\n _P._ \u00b6 \u00feanne moten we graunt[e] q{uod}\n she \u00feat \u00feis \u00feing be ful of gladnesse yif \u00fee \u00feorseide \u00feinges\n be so\u00fee. \u00b6 And also certys mote we graunten. \u00feat\n suffisaunce power noblesse reuerence {and} gladnesse ben 2332\n only dyuerse bynames. but hir substaunce ha\u00fe no\n diu{er}site.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It is a necessary consequence.]\n\n _Boice._ It mot nedely be so q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ The depravity of mankind then divides that which\n is essentially indivisible; and, seeking for a part of that which\n has no parts, they miss the entire thing which they so much\n desire.]\n\n _P._ \u00feilke\n \u00feinge \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat is oon {and} simple i{n} his nature.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 20.]]\n\n \u00fee wikkednesse of men departi\u00fe it *diuidi\u00fe it. {and} 2336\n whan \u00feei enforcen hem to gete p{ar}tie of a \u00feing \u00feat ne\n ha\u00fe no part. \u00feei ne geten hem nei\u00feer \u00feilk[e] p{ar}tie \u00feat\n nis none. ne \u00fee \u00feing al hole \u00feat \u00feei ne desire nat.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ How is that?]\n\n _.b._ In whiche manere q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ He that seeks riches in order to avoid poverty, is\n not solicitous about power; he prefers meanness and obscurity, and\n denies himself many natural pleasures that he may not lessen his\n heaps of pelf.]\n\n _p._ \u00feilke man q{uo}d she \u00feat 2340\n seke\u00fe rychesse to fleen pouerte. he ne trauayle\u00fe hym\n nat to for to gete power for he ha\u00fe leuer ben dirk {and}\n vile. {and} eke wi\u00fedrawe\u00fe from hym selfe many naturel\n delit\u021d for he nolde lesen \u00fee moneye \u00feat he ha\u00fe assembled. 2344\n\n [Sidenote: He who lacks power, is pricked with trouble, and\n rendered an outcast and obscure by his sordid ways, does not\n possess sufficiency.]\n\n but certis in \u00feis manere he ne geti\u00fe hym nat [[pg 85]]\n suffisaunce \u00feat power forleti\u00fe. {and} \u00feat moleste p{re}ke\u00fe.\n {and} \u00feat fil\u00fee make\u00fe outcaste. {and} \u00feat derknesse hide\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: He who only aims at power squanders his riches, and\n despises delights and honours unaccompanied by power.]\n\n and certis he \u00fe{a}t desire\u00fe only power he wasti\u00fe {and} 2348\n scatri\u00fe rychesse {and} dispise\u00fe delices {and} eke hono{ur}\n \u00feat is wi\u00fe out power. ne he ne p{re}ise\u00fe glorie no \u00feing.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2310 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2312 _whiche_--whych\n _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 2314 _clerenesse_--clernesse\n _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n _febler_--the febeler{e}\n 2315 _seyne_--seyn\n 2317 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2324 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2325 _his_--hyse\n 2326 _myrie_--mery\n 2327 _wenest_--whennes\n 2328 _sorow my\u021dt[e]_--sorwe myhte\n 2329 _graunt[e]_--grau{n}te\n 2331 _be_--ben\n _also certys_--certes also\n 2333 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2334 _nedely_--nedly\n 2335 _\u00feinge_--thing\n 2337 _gete_--geten\n 2338 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _\u00feilk[e]_--thilke\n 2339 _none_--non\n _hole_--hool\n 2340 _whiche_--whych\n 2341 _rychesse_--Rychesses\n _fleen_--MS. sleen, C. flen\n 2342 _leuer_--leu{er}\n 2343 _vile_--vyl\n _selfe_--self\n 2344 _delit\u021d_--delices\n _lesen_--lese\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2346 _preke\u00fe_--prykketh\n 2347 _derknesse_--dyrknesse\n 2349 _scatri\u00fe_--schatereth\n _delices_--delyc\u021d\n 2350 _wi\u00fe out_--w{i}t{h} owte]\n\n [Headnote:\n OF FALSE FELICITY.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys \u00feus seest \u00feou wel \u00feat many \u00fei{n}g{us} failen to\n hym. for he ha\u00fe somtyme faute of many necessites. 2352\n\n [Sidenote: Such a one must be subject to many anxieties.]\n\n {and} many anguysses biten hym\n\n [Sidenote: And when he cannot get rid of these evils he ceases to\n have what he most desired--power.]\n\n \u00b6 {and} whan he may\n nat don \u00feo defautes awey. he forlete\u00fe to ben my\u021dty.\n {and} \u00feat is \u00fee \u00feing \u00feat he most desire\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: In the same way honour, glory, and pleasure, are all\n inseparable; he that seeks one without the other will fail to\n obtain his desires.]\n\n {and} ry\u021dt \u00feus\n may I make semblable resou{n}s of hono{ur}s {and} of glorie 2356\n {and} of delices. \u00b6 For so as euery of \u00feise forseide\n \u00feinges is \u00fee same \u00feat \u00feise o\u00feer \u00feinges ben. \u00feat is to\n sein. al oon \u00feing. who so \u00feat euer seke\u00fe to geten \u00feat\n oon of \u00feise {and} nat \u00feat o\u00feer. he ne gete\u00fe nat \u00feat he 2360\n desire\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What then if a man should desire to gain them all\n at once?]\n\n _Boice._ \u00b6 what seist \u00feou \u00fean yif \u00feat a man\n coueite\u00fe to geten alle \u00feise \u00feinges to gider.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ He would then indeed desire perfect felicity--but\n can he ever expect to find it in the acquisitions above mentioned,\n which do not perform what they promise?]\n\n _P._ Certys\n q{uo}d she .I. wolde seie \u00feat he wolde geten hym souereyne\n blisfulnes. but \u00feat shal he nat fynde in \u00feo \u00feinges 2364\n \u00feat .I. haue shewed \u00feat ne mowe nat \u021deuen \u00feat \u00feei by-heten.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No, surely!]\n\n _boice._ Certys no q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Then happiness is not to be sought in these things\n which are falsely supposed capable of satisfying our desires?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean q{uod} she ne\n sholden men nat by no weye seken blysfulnesse in\n swiche \u00feinges as men wenen \u00feat \u00feei ne mowe 2368\n \u021deuen but o \u00feing senglely of alle \u00fe{a}t me{n} seken.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I confess it, and nothing can be more truly\n affirmed than this.]\n\n I graunt[e] wel q{uo}d .I. ne no so\u00feer \u00feing ne may nat\n ben said.\n\n [Sidenote: Turn your mind\u2019s eye upon the reverse of all this\n _false felicity_ and you will perceive _the true happiness_.]\n\n _P._ \u00b6 Now hast \u00feou \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00fee forme\n {and} \u00fee causes of false welefulnesse. \u00b6 Now turne {and} 2372\n flitte \u00fee eyen of \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt. for \u00feere shalt \u00feou seen an oon\n \u00feilk verray blysfulnesse \u00fe{a}t I haue byhy\u021dt \u00feee.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It is very clear, and I had a complete view of it\n when you explained to me the causes of its counterfeit.]\n\n _b._ Certys q{uo}d .I. it is cler {and} opyn. \u00feou\u021d \u00feat it were to\n a blynde man. {and} \u00feat shewedest \u00feou me [ful wel] a 2376\n lytel her byforne. whan \u00feou enforcedest \u00fee to shewe me [[pg 86]]\n \u00fee causes of \u00fee false blysfulnesse\n\n [Sidenote: True felicity consists in a state of sufficiency, of\n power, and honour--as well as of a shining reputation and every\n desirable pleasure: and I must confess that true felicity is that\n which is bestowed by these advantages, as they are in reality all\n one and the same.]\n\n \u00b6 For but yif I be by-giled.\n \u00fean is \u00feilke \u00fee verray p{er}fit blisfulnesse \u00feat p{er}fitly\n maki\u00fe a man suffisau{n}t. my\u021dty. hono{ur}able noble. 2380\n {and} ful of gladnesse. {and} for \u00feou shalt wel knowe \u00feat I\n haue wel vndirstonden \u00feise \u00feinges wi\u00fe i{n}ne myne herte.\n I knowe wel \u00feilke blisfulnesse \u00feat may verrayly \u021deuen\n on of \u00fee forseide \u00feinges syn \u00feei ben al oon .I. knowe 2384\n douteles \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing is \u00fee fulle of blysfulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ O my nursling, how happy are you in this\n conviction, provided you add but one limitation.]\n\n _P._ O my nurry q{uod} she by \u00feis oppiniou{n} q{uo}d she I\n sey[e] \u00feat \u00feou art blisful yif \u00feou putte \u00feis \u00feer to \u00feat I\n shal seine.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What is that?]\n\n what is \u00feat q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Thinkest thou that any thing in this world can\n confer this happiness? (the sovereign good).]\n\n \u00b6 Trowest \u00feou \u00feat 2388\n \u00feer be any \u00feing in \u00feis er\u00feely mortal toumblyng \u00feinges\n \u00feat may bryngen \u00feis estat.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I think not; for nothing can be desirable beyond\n such a state of perfection.]\n\n Certys q{uo}d I trowe it nat.\n {and} \u00feou hast shewed me wel \u00feat ouer \u00feilke goode \u00feer\n is no \u00feing more to ben desired.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ These imperfect things above mentioned only confer\n the shadow of the supreme good, or at most only an imperfect\n felicity, but they cannot bestow true and perfect happiness.]\n\n _P._ \u00feise \u00feinges \u00fean 2392\n q{uo}d she. \u00feat is to seyne er\u00feely suffisaunce {and} power.\n {and} swiche \u00feinges ey\u00feer \u00feei semen likenesse of verray\n goode. or ellys it seme\u00fe \u00feat \u00feei \u021deuen to mortal folk a\n maner of goodes \u00feat ne ben nat perfit. \u00b6 But \u00feilke 2396\n goode \u00feat is verray {and} p{er}fit. \u00feat may \u00feei nat \u021deuen.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I quite agree with you.]\n\n _boice._ I. accorde me wel q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Then, knowing the difference between true and\n false felicity you must now learn where to look for this supreme\n felicity.]\n\n \u00fean q{uo}d she for as\n moche as \u00feou hast knowen whiche is \u00feilke verray blisfulnesse.\n {and} eke whiche \u00feilke \u00feinges ben \u00feat lien 2400\n falsly blisfulnesse. \u00feat is to seyne. \u00feat by desceit\n seme{n} verray goodes.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 20 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 Now byhoue\u00fe \u00fee to knowe{n}\n *whennes {and} where \u00feou mowe seek[e] \u00feilke verray\n blisfulnesse. \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d I \u00feat desijr I gretly {and} 2404\n haue abiden longe tyme to herkene it.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ But, as Plato says that even in the least things\n the Divine assistance ought to be implored, what ought we do, to\n render us worthy of so important a discovery as the true source\n and seat of the sovereign good?]\n\n \u00b6 But for as\n moche q{uo}d she as it like\u00fe to my disciple plato in his\n book of i{n} thimeo. \u00feat in ry\u021dt lytel \u00feinges men sholde\n bysechen \u00fee helpe of god. \u00b6 what iugest \u00feou \u00feat be 2408\n [now] to done so \u00feat we may deserue to fynde \u00fee sete of [[pg 87]]\n \u00feilke souereyne goode.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Let us invoke the Father of all things.]\n\n _B._ \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d .I. I. deme\n \u00feat we shulle clepen to \u00fee fadir of alle goodes. \u00b6 For\n wi\u00fe outen hym nis \u00feer no \u00feing founden ary\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: You are right, said Philosophy, and thus she sang:--]\n\n \u00feou seist 2412\n a-ry\u021dt q{uo}d she. and bygan on-one to syngen ry\u021dt \u00feus.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2351 _many_--manye\n 2352 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _faute_--defaute\n 2353 _may_--ne may\n 2354 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 2356 _make_--maken\n 2357 _forseide_--MS. sorseide\n 2363 _souereyne_--sou{er}eyn\n 2365 _mowe_--mowen\n 2368 _wenen_--wene\n _mowe_--mowen\n 2370 _graunt[e]_--grau{n}te\n _so\u00feer_--sother{e}\n 2371 _said_--MS. saide, C. sayd\n 2376 [_ful wel_]--from C.\n 2377 _byforne_--by-forn\n 2378 _blysfulnesse_--MS. blyndenesse, C. blysfulnesse\n 2385 _of_--omitted\n 2386 _nurry_--norye\n 2387 _sey[e]_--seye\n 2388 _seine_--seyn\n 2389 _\u00feis_--thise\n 2390 _nat_--nawht\n 2393 _seyne_--sey\n 2395 _\u021deuen_--yeue\n 2397 _goode_--good\n 2399 _whiche_--which\n 2401 _seyne_--seyn\n 2402 _knowen_--knowe\n 2403 _seek[e]_--seke\n 2405 _herkene_--herknen\n 2407 _sholde_--sholden\n 2408 _bysechen_--by-shechen\n _helpe_--help\n 2409 [_now_]--from C.\n 2410 _souereyne goode_--verray good\n 2411 _shulle_--shollen\n _to_--omitted\n 2413 _on-one_--anon]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n IN SEEKING SUPREME FELICITY THE DIVINE AID IS TO BE INVOKED.]\n\nO QUI PERPETUA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 9^ne Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: O Father and Maker of heaven and earth, by whose\n eternal reason the world is governed, and by whose supreme command\n Time flows from the birth of ages, Thou, firm and unchanged\n thyself, makest all things else to move!]\n\n ++O \u00feou fadir creatour of heuene {and} of er\u00fees \u00feat\n gouernest \u00feis worlde by p{er}durable resou{n} \u00feat comaundist\n \u00fee tymes for to gon from tyme \u00feat age had[de] 2416\n bygy{n}ny{n}g. \u00feou \u00feat dwellest \u00fei self ay stedfast {and}\n stable {and} \u021diuest alle o\u00feer \u00feinges to ben moeued.\n\n [Sidenote: Thy sovereign will to floating matter gave its various\n forms, impelled by no exterior causes, but by the Idea of the Best\n in thy great mind conceived void of malice.]\n\n ne forein causes necesseden \u00fee neuer to co{m}poune werke\n of floterynge mater. but only \u00fee forme of souereyne 2420\n goode y-set wi\u00fe i{n}ne [\u00fee] wi\u00fe outen envie \u00feat moeued[e]\n \u00fee frely.\n\n [Sidenote: Fairest thyself bearing the world\u2019s figure in thy\n thought, thou didst create the world after that prototype, and\n dost draw all things from the image of the fair Supreme, and dost\n command that this world should have perfect parts.]\n\n \u00feou \u00feat art al\u00feerfairest beryng \u00fee faire worlde\n in \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt. formedest \u00feis worlde to \u00fee likkenesse\n semblable of \u00feat faire worlde in \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt. \u00feou drawest 2424\n alle \u00feinges of \u00fei souereyne ensampler. {and} comaundedist\n \u00feat \u00feis worlde p{er}fitlyche ymaked haue frely {and}\n absolut hyse p{er}fit parties.\n\n [Sidenote: By harmonious measures thou dost bind fast the\n elements, so that there is no discordance between things cold and\n hot, or between the moist and the dry.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feou byndest \u00fee element\u021d\n by noumbres p{ro}porcionables. \u00feat \u00fee colde \u00feinges 2428\n mowen accorde wi\u00fe \u00fee hote \u00feinges. {and} \u00fee drye \u00fei{n}ges\n wi\u00fe \u00fee moyst \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: That the fire may not fly too high, and that weight may\n not press the earth and water lower than they are now placed,]\n\n \u00feat \u00fee fire \u00feat is purest ne fleye\n nat ouer heye. ne \u00feat \u00fee heuynesse ne drawe nat adou{n}\n ouer lowe \u00fee er\u00fees \u00feat ben plounged in \u00fee watres. 2432\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2415 _worlde_--world\n 2416 _from----age_--from syn \u00fe{a}t age\n _had[de]_--hadde\n 2417 _stedfast_--stedefast\n 2418 _o\u00feer_--oothre\n 2419 _forein_--foreyne\n _werke_--werk\n 2420 _souereyne goode_--sou{er}eyn good\n 2421 _y-set_--MS. y-sette, C. Iset\n _wi\u00fe inne_--w{i}t{h} in\n [_\u00fee_]--the\n _wi\u00fe outen_--w{i}t{h} owte\n _moeued[e]_--moeuede\n 2422 _al\u00feerfairest_--alderfayrest\n 2422-24-26 _worlde_--world\n 2423 _likkenesse_--lyknesse\n 2426 _and absolut_--C. omits\n 2427 _hyse_--hys\n 2430 _fire_--fyr\n _fleye_--fle\n 2431 _drawe_--drawen]\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD IS THE FOUNTAIN OF FELICITY.]\n\n [Sidenote: thou didst join the Middle Soul (of a threefold nature)\n moving all things, and then by agreeing numbers didst resolve it.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feou knyttest to-gidre \u00fee mene soule of treble kynde\n moeuyng alle \u00feinges. {and} diuidest it by membres accordynge.\n\n [Sidenote: When that is done, cut into two orbs, it moves about\n returning to itself, and then encompassing the profound mind doth\n by that fair idea turn the heaven.]\n\n \u00b6 And whan it is \u00feus diuided it ha\u00fe assembled\n a moeuyng in two roundes. \u00b6 It go\u00fe to to{ur}ne 2436\n a\u021dein to hym owen self. {and} environe\u00fe a fulle deep [[pg 88]]\n \u00feou\u021dt. {and} to{ur}ni\u00fe \u00fee heuene by semblable ymage.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou by such causes dost raise all souls and lesser\n lives, and adaptest them to their light vehicles.]\n\n \u00feou by eue{n}lyk causes enhau{n}sest \u00fee soules {and} \u00fee lasse\n liues {and} ablynge hem heye by ly\u021dt[e] cartes. 2440\n\n [Sidenote: Thou sowest them in heaven and earth, and they return\n to thee by thy kind law like a recoiling flame.]\n\n \u00feou sewest hem in to heuene {and} in to er\u00fee. {and} whan \u00feei\n ben conuertid to \u00fee by \u00fei benigne lawe. \u00b6 \u00feou makest\n hem retorne a\u021deine to \u00fee by a\u021dein ledyng fijr.\n\n [Sidenote: O Father, elevate our souls and let them behold thy\n august throne.]\n\n \u00b6 O\n fadir yif \u00feou to \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt to stien vp in to \u00fei streite sete. 2444\n {and} graunte [hym] to enviroune \u00fee welle of good.\n\n [Sidenote: Let them behold the fountain of all good. Dispel the\n mists of sense, remove the weights of earth-born cares, and in thy\n splendour shine (in our minds).]\n\n {and} \u00fee ly\u021dte yfounde graunte hym to ficchen \u00fee clere sy\u021dtes\n of hys corage in \u00fee. \u00b6 And scatre \u00feou {and} to-breke\n [thow] \u00fee wey\u021dtes {and} \u00fee cloudes of er\u00feely heuynesse. 2448\n {and} shyne \u00feou by \u00fei bry\u021dtnes.\n\n [Sidenote: For thou art ever clear, and to the good art peace and\n rest. He who looks on thee beholds beginning, support, guide, path\n and goal, combined!]\n\n for \u00feou art clernesse \u00feou\n art peisible to debonaire folke. \u00b6 \u00feou \u00fei self art bygy{n}ny{n}ge.\n berere. ledere. pa\u00fe {and} t{er}me to loke on \u00fee\n [\u00feat] is oure ende. _Glose._ 2452\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2435 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2436 _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee\n 2437 _owen_--C. omits\n 2438 _tourni\u00fe_--MS. to{ur}ni\u00fee\n 2439 _euenlyk_--euene lyke\n 2440 _ly\u021dt[e]_--lyhte\n 2442 _benigne_--bygynnynge\n 2444 _yif_--yiue\n _\u00fei streite_--the streyte\n 2445 [_hym_]--from C.\n 2446 _ly\u021dte_--lyht\n 2448 [_thow_]--from C.\n 2449 _bry\u021dtnes_--bryhtnesse\n 2451 _pa\u00fe_--MS. pa\u00fee; paath\n 2452 [_\u00feat_]--that]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD THE SUPREME GOOD.]\n\nQUONIAM IGITUR QUI SCIT.[7]\n\n [Footnote 7: Read que sit.]\n\n [Sidenote: [The 10^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Now that thou hast had a faithful representation of\n future felicity as well as of the true happiness, I shall show\n thee in what the Perfection of Happiness consists.]\n\n ++FOr as moche \u00fean as \u00feou hast seyn. whiche is \u00fee\n forme of goode \u00feat nys nat p{er}fit. {and} whiche is \u00fee\n forme of goode \u00feat is p{er}fit. now trowe I \u00feat it were\n goode to shewe in what \u00feis p{er}fecc{i}ou{n} of blisfulnesse is 2456\n set.\n\n [Sidenote: Our best plan will be to inquire whether there be in\n nature such a good as thou hast lately defined, lest we be\n deceived by the vanity of Imagination and be carried beyond the\n truth of the matter subjected to our inquiry.]\n\n {and} in \u00feis \u00feing I trowe \u00feat we sholden first enquere\n forto witen yif \u00feat any swiche manere goode as \u00feilke\n goode \u00feat \u00feou hast diffinissed a lytel her byforne. \u00feat\n is to seine souereyne goode may be founden in \u00fee nature 2460\n of \u00feinges. For \u00feat veyne ymaginac{i}ou{n} of \u00feou\u021dt ne\n desceiue vs nat. {and} putte vs oute of \u00fee so\u00feefastnesse\n of \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00feat is su{m}myttid to vs. \u00feis is to seyne.\n but it may nat ben denoyed \u00feat \u00feilke goode ne is. 2464\n \u00b6 and \u00feat it nis ry\u021dt as a welle of alle goodes.\n\n [Sidenote: The sovereign good does exist, and is the source of all\n other good.]\n\n \u00b6 For\n al \u00feing \u00feat is cleped i{n}p{er}fit.\n is proued i{n}p{er}fit by \u00fee [[pg 89]]\n amenusynge of p{er}fecc{i}ou{n}. or of \u00feing \u00feat is p{er}fit.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 21.]]\n\n [Sidenote: When we say that a thing is _imperfect_ we assert that\n there is something else of its kind _perfect_.]\n\n {and} her of come\u00fe it. \u00feat in euery \u00feing general. yif \u00feat. 2468\n \u00feat men seen any \u00feing \u00feat is i{n}p{er}fit *certys in \u00feilke general\n \u00feer mot ben so{m}me \u00feing \u00feat is p{er}fit. \u00b6 For yif so\n be \u00feat p{er}fecc{i}ou{n} is don awey. men may nat \u00feinke\n nor seye fro whe{n}nes \u00feilke \u00feing is \u00feat is cleped inperfit. 2472\n\n [Sidenote: Nature takes not her origin from things diminished and\n imperfect; but, proceeding from an entire and absolute substance,\n descends into the remotest and most fruitless things.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00fee nature of \u00feinges ne token nat her bygynnyng\n of \u00feinges amenused {and} i{n}p{er}fit. but it p{ro}cedi\u00fe of\n \u00fei{n}g{us} \u00feat ben al hool. {and} absolut. {and} descende\u00fe so\n doune in to outerest \u00feinges {and} in to \u00fei{n}g{us} empty {and} 2476\n wi\u00fe oute fruyt.\n\n [Sidenote: If there be an imperfect and fading felicity there must\n also be one stable and perfect.]\n\n but as I haue shewed a litel her byforne.\n \u00feat yif \u00feer be a blisfulnesse \u00feat be frele {and} vein {and}\n inp{er}fit. \u00feer may no man doute. \u00feat \u00feer nys som blisfulnesse\n \u00feat is sad stedfast {and} p{er}fit. b. \u00feis is concludid 2480\n q{uo}d I fermely {and} so\u00feefastly.\n\n [Sidenote: But now consider wherein this felicity resides. That\n God is the governor of all things is proved by the universal\n opinion of all men.]\n\n _P._ But co{n}sidere\n also q{uo}d she in wham \u00feis blisfulnesse enhabite\u00fe. \u00fee\n co{m}mune acordaunce {and} conceite of \u00fee corages of men\n p{ro}ue\u00fe {and} graunte\u00fe \u00feat god p{r}ince of alle \u00fei{n}g{us} is 2484\n good.\n\n [Sidenote: For since nothing may be conceived better than God,\n then He who has no equal in goodness must be good.]\n\n \u00b6 For so as no \u00feing ne may ben \u00feou\u021dt bettre \u00fean\n god. it may nat ben douted \u00fean \u00feat [he \u00fe{a}t] no \u00feing is\n bettre. \u00feat he nys good.\n\n [Sidenote: Reason clearly demonstrates (1) that God is good, and\n (2) that the sovereign good exists in him.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys resou{n} shewe\u00fe \u00feat\n god is so goode \u00feat it p{ro}ue\u00fe by verray force \u00feat p{er}fit 2488\n goode is in hym.\n\n [Sidenote: If it were not so He could not be the Ruler of all\n things, for there would be some other being excelling him who\n possesses the supreme good and who must have existed before Him.]\n\n \u00b6 For yif god ne is swiche. he ne\n may nat ben p{r}ince of alle \u00feinges. for certis som \u00feing\n possessyng in hy{m} self p{er}fit goode sholde ben more\n \u00fean god. {and} [it] sholde seme \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing were first 2492\n {and} elder \u00fean god.\n\n [Sidenote: And we have already shown that the perfect precedes the\n imperfect;]\n\n \u00b6 For we han shewed ap{er}tly \u00feat\n alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben p{er}fit. ben first or \u00feinges \u00feat ben inperfit.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2453 _whiche_--which\n 2454-55-56-58-59 _goode_--good\n 2454 _whiche_--whych\n 2457 _set_--MS. sette, C. set\n 2460 _seine_--seyn\n _souereyne goode_--souereyn good\n _be founden_--ben fownde\n 2461 _veyne_--veyn\n 2463 _\u00feis is to seyne_--C. omits\n 2464 _denoyed_--MS. deuoyded, C. denoyed\n _goode_--good\n 2465 _of_--MS. of of\n 2466 _al \u00feing_--alle thing\n 2468 _her of come\u00fe_--ther of comht\n 2470 _somme_--som\n 2471 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 2473 _token_--took\n 2475 _hool_--hoole\n 2476 _doune_--down\n 2477 _wi\u00fe oute fruyt_--w{i}t{h} owten frut\n 2480 _stedfast_--stydefast\n 2481 _fermely_--MS. fennely, C. fermely\n _so\u00feefastly_--sothfastly\n 2486 [_he \u00feat_]--from C.\n _is bettre_--nis bettr{e}\n 2488-89-91 _goode_--good\n 2489 _swiche_--swych\n 2492 [_it_]--from C.\n _seme_--semen\n 2493 _elder_--elder{e}]\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD THE SOURCE OF TRUE FELICITY.]\n\n [Sidenote: wherefore, that our reasonings may not run on with\n infinity, we must confess that the Supreme God is full of perfect\n and consummate good.]\n\n \u00b6 And for \u00fei for as moche as [that] my resou{n}\n or my p{ro}ces ne go nat awey wi\u00feoute an ende. we 2496\n ou\u021dt[e] to graunten \u00feat \u00fee souereyne god is ry\u021dt ful of\n souereyne p{er}fit goode. [[pg 90]]\n\n [Sidenote: And as we have seen that the perfect good is true\n happiness, it follows that the true felicity resides in the\n Supreme Divinity.]\n\n and we han establissed \u00feat \u00fee\n souereyne goode is verrey blisfulnesse. \u00fean mot it nedes\n ben [\u00fe{a}t verray blysfulnesse is] yset i{n} souereyne god. 2500\n _B._ \u00feis take I wel q{uo}d .I. ne \u00feis ne may nat be wi\u00feseid\n in no manere.\n\n [Sidenote: But let us see how we can firmly and irrefragably prove\n that the Supreme God contains in his own nature a plenitude of\n perfect and consummate good.]\n\n \u00b6 But I p{re}ie \u00fee q{uo}d she see now how\n \u00feou mayst preuen holily {and} wi\u00fe-oute{n} corrupciou{n} \u00feis\n \u00feat I haue seid. \u00feat \u00fee souereyne god is ry\u021dt ful of 2504\n souereyne goode. [In whych man{er}e q{uo}d I.] wenest\n \u00feou ou\u021dt q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00feis p{r}ince of alle \u00feinges haue\n ytake \u00feilke souereyne good any where \u00fean of hym self.\n \u00b6 of whiche souereyne goode men p{ro}ue\u00fe \u00feat he is ful 2508\n ry\u021dt as \u00feou my\u021dtest \u00feinken. \u00feat god \u00feat ha\u00fe blisfulnesse\n in hym self. {and} \u00feat ilke blisfulnesse \u00feat is in hym\n were diu{er}s in substaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: If you think that God has received this good from\n without, then you must believe that the giver of this good is more\n excellent than God the receiver.]\n\n \u00b6 For yif \u00feou wene \u00feat\n god haue receyued \u00feilke good oute of hy{m} self. \u00feou 2512\n mayst wene \u00feat he \u00feat \u021daf \u00feilke good to god. be more\n goode \u00fean is god.\n\n [Sidenote: But we have concluded that there is nothing more\n excellent than God.]\n\n \u00b6 But I am byknowen {and} confesse\n {and} \u00feat ry\u021dt dignely \u00feat god is ry\u021dt wor\u00fei abouen alle\n \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: But if this supreme good is in Him by nature, and is\n nevertheless of a different substance, we cannot conceive, since\n God is the author of all things, what could have united these two\n substances differing one from another.]\n\n \u00b6 And yif so be \u00feat \u00feis good be in hym by 2516\n nature. but \u00feat it is diu{er}s from [hym] by wenyng\n resou{n}. syn we speke of god p{r}ince of alle \u00feinges feyne\n who so feyne may. who was he \u00feat [hath] co{n}ioigned\n \u00feise diu{er}s \u00feinges to-gidre.\n\n [Sidenote: Lastly, a thing which essentially differs from another\n cannot be the same with that from which it is supposed to differ.]\n\n {and} eke at \u00fee last[e] se 2520\n wel \u00feat o \u00feing \u00feat is diu{er}s from any \u00feing. \u00feat \u00feilke\n \u00feing nis nat \u00feat same \u00feing. fro whiche it is vndirstonde{n}\n to ben diu{er}s.\n\n [Sidenote: Consequently, what in its nature differs from the chief\n good cannot be the supreme good.]\n\n \u00fean folwe\u00fe it. \u00feat \u00feilke \u00fei{n}g \u00feat\n by hys nature is dyuers from souereyne good. \u00feat \u00feat 2524\n \u00feing nys nat souereyne good.\n\n [Sidenote: But it would be impious and profane thus to conceive of\n God, since nothing can excel Him in goodness and worth.]\n\n but certys \u00feat were a\n felonous corsednesse to \u00feinken \u00feat of hym. \u00feat no \u00feing\n nis more wor\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: In fact, nothing can exist whose nature is better than\n its origin.]\n\n For alwey of alle \u00feinges. \u00fee nat{ur}e\n of hem ne may nat ben better \u00fean his bygy{n}nyng. 2528\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2495 [_that_]--from C.\n 2496 _proces_--p{ro}cesses\n 2497 _ou\u021dt[e]_--owen\n 2498 _goode_--good\n 2499 _souereyne goode_--souereyn good\n 2500 [_\u00feat----is_]--from C.\n _yset_--MS. ysette, C. set\n 2501 _be_--ben\n _wi\u00feseid_--MS. wi\u00feseide, C. withseid\n 2503 _wi\u00fe-outen_--w{i}t{h}-owte\n 2504 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n 2505 _souereyne goode_--souereyn good\n [_In----I_]--from C.\n 2506 _ou\u021dt_--awht\n 2507 _\u00fean of_--owt of\n 2508 _whiche_--whych\n _souereyne goode_--souereyn good\n 2509 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2510 _\u00feat ilke_--thilke\n 2511 _were_--weren\n 2514 _goode_--worth\n 2517 _from_--fro\n [_hym_]--from C.\n 2518 _feyne_--faigne\n 2519 _feyne_--feigne\n [_hath_]--from C.\n 2520 _last[e]_--laste\n 2521 _o_--a\n 2522 _whiche_--whych\n 2524 _from_--fro\n 2527 _nis_--is\n 2528 _better_--bettre]\n\n [Headnote:\n THERE CANNOT BE TWO CHIEF GOODS.]\n\n [Sidenote: We may therefore conclude that the Author of all things\n is really and substantially the supreme Good.]\n\n \u00b6 For whiche I may concluden by ry\u021dt uerray resou{n}. [[pg 91]]\n \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feat is bygynnyng of alle \u00feinges. \u00feilke same\n \u00feing is good in his substaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Most rightly said!]\n\n _B._ \u00feou hast seid ry\u021dtfully\n q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ But you have owned that true felicity is the\n sovereign good; then you must also grant that God is that true\n felicity.]\n\n _P._ But we han graunted q{uo}d she \u00feat 2532\n souereyne good is blysfulnes. \u00feat is so\u00fee q{uo}d .I. \u00fean\n q{uo}d she mote we nedes graunten {and} confessen \u00feat\n \u00feilke same souereyne goode be god.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Your conclusions follow from your premises.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 21 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 Certys *q{uo}d\n .I. I ne may nat denye ne wi\u00festonde \u00fee resou{n}s p{ur}posed. 2536\n and I see wel \u00feat it folwe\u00fe by streng\u00fee of \u00fee\n p{re}misses.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Let us see whether we cannot prove this more\n convincingly by considering it in this view, that there cannot be\n two sovereign goods which differ in themselves.]\n\n \u00b6 Loke nowe q{uo}d she yif \u00feis be proued\n [yit] more fermely \u00feus. \u00b6 \u00feat \u00feer ne mowen nat ben\n two souereyne goodes \u00feat ben diuerse amo[n]ges hem 2540\n self.\n\n [Sidenote: For it is plain that of the goods that differ one\n cannot be what the other is; wherefore neither of them can be\n perfect where one wants the other.]\n\n \u00feat on is nat \u00feat \u00feat o\u00feer is. \u00fean [ne] mowen\n nei\u00feer of hem ben p{er}fit. so as ey\u00feer of hem lakki\u00fe to\n o\u00feir.\n\n [Sidenote: That which is not perfect cannot be the supreme good.]\n\n but \u00feat \u00feat nis nat p{er}fit men may seen apertly\n \u00feat it nis nat souereyne.\n\n [Sidenote: Neither can the chief good be essentially different.]\n\n \u00fee \u00feinges \u00fean \u00feat ben 2544\n souereynely goode ne mowen by no wey ben diuerse.\n\n [Sidenote: But it has been shown that God and happiness are the\n chief good, wherefore the sovereign felicity and the Supreme\n Divinity are one and the same.]\n\n \u00b6 But I haue wel conclude \u00feat blisfulnesse {and} god ben\n [the] souereyne goode. For whiche it mot nedes be \u00feat\n souereyne blisfulnesse is souerey[ne] dyuynite. \u00b6 No 2548\n \u00feing q{uo}d I nis more so\u00feefast \u00fean \u00feis ne more ferme by\n resou{n}. ne a more wor\u00fei \u00feing \u00fean god may nat ben\n concluded.\n\n [Sidenote: Following then the examples of geometricians who deduce\n their consequences from their propositions, I shall deduce to thee\n something like a corollary as follows:--]\n\n _P._ vpon \u00feise \u00feinges \u00fean q{uo}d she. ry\u021dt as\n \u00feise geometriens whan \u00feei han shewed her p{ro}posiciou{n}s 2552\n ben wont to brynge{n} in \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei clepen porismes\n or declarac{i}ou{n}s of forseide \u00feinges. ry\u021dt so wil I \u021deue\n \u00fee here as a corolarie or a mede of coroune.\n\n [Sidenote: Because by the attainment of felicity men become happy,\n and as felicity is the same as Divinity itself, therefore by the\n attainment of Divinity men are made happy.]\n\n For whi.\n for as moche as by \u00fee getynge of blisfulnesse men ben 2556\n maked blysful. {and} blisfulnesse is diuinite. \u00b6 \u00fean is\n it manifest {and} open \u00feat by \u00fee gety{n}g of diuinite men\n ben makid blisful.\n\n [Sidenote: But as by the participation of justice or of wisdom men\n become just or wise,]\n\n ry\u021dt as by \u00fee getynge of iustice . . .\n {and} by \u00fee getyng of sapience \u00feei ben maked wise. 2560\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2529 _whiche_--whych\n 2531 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n 2533 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 2534 _mote_--moten\n 2539 [_yit_]--from C.\n 2541 _is_ (1)--nis\n _o\u00feer_--othre\n [_ne_]--from C.\n 2546 _conclude_--concluded\n 2547 [_the_] from C.\n _goode_--good\n _be_--ben\n 2549 _so\u00feefast_--sothfast\n _ferme_--MS. forme, C. ferme\n 2552 _proposiciouns_--MS. p{ro}porsiou{n}s, C. p{ro}posiciou{n}s\n 2553 _porismes_--MS. poeismes, C. porysmes\n 2554 _wil_--wole]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE HAPPY MAN IS A GOD.]\n\n [Sidenote: so by partaking of Divinity they must necessarily,\n and by parity of reason, become gods.]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt so nedes by \u00fee semblable resou{n}\n wha{n} \u00feei han getyn [[pg 92]]\n diuinite \u00feei ben maked goddys.\n\n [Sidenote: Every happy man then is a god. But by nature there is\n only _One_; but by participation of Divine essence there may be\n many gods.]\n\n \u00fean is euery blisful\n man god. \u00b6 But certis by nature. \u00feer nys but oon god.\n but by \u00fee p{ar}ticipac{i}ou{n}s of diuinite \u00feere ne lette\u00fe ne 2564\n disturbe\u00fe no \u00feing \u00feat \u00feer ne ben many goddes. \u00b6 \u00feis\n is q{uo}d .I. a faire \u00feing {and} a p{re}cious. \u00b6\u00a0Clepe it as\n \u00fe{o}u wolt. be it corolarie or porisme or mede of coroune\n or declarynges \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d she no \u00feing nis fairer. 2568\n \u00fean is \u00fee \u00feing \u00feat by resou{n} sholde ben added to \u00feise\n forseide \u00feinges. what \u00feing q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: But as happiness seems to be an assemblage of many\n things, ought we not to consider whether these several things\n constitute conjointly the body of happiness, or whether there is\n not some one of these particular things that may complete the\n substance or essence of it, and to which all the rest have a\n relation?]\n\n \u00b6 So q{uo}d she as\n it seme\u00fe \u00feat blisfulnesse conteni\u00fe many \u00feinges. it were\n forto witen whe\u00feir [\u00fe{a}t] alle \u00feise \u00feinges maken or 2572\n conioignen as a maner body of blysfulnesse by diuersite\n of parties or [of] me{m}bris. Or ellys yif any of alle\n \u00feilke \u00fei{n}g{us} be swyche \u00feat it acomplise by hy{m} self \u00fee\n substaunce of blisfulnesse. so \u00feat alle \u00feise o\u00feer \u00feinges 2576\n ben referred and brou\u021dt to blisfulnesse. \u00feat is to seyne\n as to \u00fee chief of hem.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Illustrate this matter by proper examples.]\n\n \u00b6 I wolde q{uo}d I \u00feat \u00feou\n makedest me clerly to vndirstonde what \u00feou seist. {and}\n \u00feat \u00feou recordest me \u00fee forseide \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ As you grant that happiness is a good, you may say\n the same of all the other goods; for perfect sufficiency is\n identical with supreme felicity; so is supreme power, likewise\n high rank, a shining reputation, and perfect pleasure.]\n\n \u00b6 Haue I nat 2580\n iuged q{uo}d she. \u00feat blisfulnesse is goode. \u021dis forso\u00fee\n q{uo}d .I. {and} \u00feat souereyne goode. \u00b6 Adde \u00fean q{uo}d\n she \u00feilke goode \u00feat is maked blisfulnes to alle \u00fee forseide\n \u00feinges. \u00b6 For \u00feilke same blisfulnesse \u00feat is 2584\n demed to ben souereyne suffisaunce. \u00feilke self is\n souereyne power. souereyne reuerence. sou{er}eyne clernesse\n or noblesse {and} souereyne delit.\n\n [Sidenote: What say you, then; are all these things, sufficiency,\n power, and the rest, to be considered as constituent parts of\n felicity? or are they to be referred to the sovereign good as\n their source and principal?]\n\n what seist \u00feou\n \u00fean of alle \u00feise \u00feinges. \u00feat is to seyne. suffisance power 2588\n {and} \u00feise o\u00feer \u00feinges. ben \u00feei \u00fean as membris of blisfulnesse.\n or ben \u00feei referred {and} brou\u021dt to souereyne good.\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt as alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben brou\u021dt to \u00fee chief of hem.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2563 _oon_--o\n 2564 _lette\u00fe_--let\n 2566 _faire_--fayr\n 2567 _porisme_--MS. pousme, C. porisme\n 2572 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 2573 _maner_--maner{e}\n _by_--be\n 2574 [_of_]--from C.\n 2575 _swyche_--swych\n 2576 _o\u00feer_--oothr{e}\n 2577 _seyne_--seyn\n 2578 _chief_--chef\n 2581 _goode \u021dis_--good ys\n 2582 _souereyne goode_--sou{er}eyn good\n 2583 _goode_--good\n 2585 _self_--selue\n 2588 _\u00feise_--C. omits\n _seyne_--seyn\n 2589 _o\u00feer_--oothre]\n\n [Headnote:\n GOOD, THE RULE AND SQUARE OF THINGS DESIRABLE.]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I see what you are aiming at, and I am desirous to\n hear your arguments.]\n\n b. I vndirstonde wel q{uo}d .I. what \u00feou p{ur}posest to [[pg 93]]\n seke. but I desijr[e] to herkene \u00feat \u00feou shewe it me. 2593\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If all these things were members of felicity, they\n would differ one from another, for it is the property of diverse\n parts to compose one body.]\n\n _p._ Take now \u00feus \u00fee discressiou{n} of \u00feis questiou{n} q{uo}d\n she. yif al \u00feise \u00feinges q{uo}d she weren membris to\n felicite. \u00fean weren \u00feei diu{er}se \u00feat oon fro \u00feat o\u00feer. 2596\n \u00b6 And swiche is \u00fee nat{ur}e of p{ar}ties or of membris.\n \u00feat dyuerse me{m}bris compounen a body.\n\n [Sidenote: But it has been well shown that all these things are\n the same and do not differ--therefore they are not parts, for if\n they were, happiness might be made up of one member--which is\n absurd and impossible.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis\n q{uo}d I it ha\u00fe wel ben shewed her byforne. \u00feat alle \u00feise\n \u00feinges ben alle on \u00feing. \u00fean ben \u00feei none membris q{uo}d 2600\n she.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 22.]]\n\n for ellys it sholde seme \u00feat blisfulnesse were\n conioigned *al of one membre alone. but \u00feat is a \u00fei{n}g\n \u00feat may nat ben doon.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ This I doubt not, but I desire to hear the\n sequel.]\n\n \u00feis \u00feing q{uo}d .I. nys nat\n doutous. but I abide to herkene \u00fee remenaunt of \u00fee 2604\n questiou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ All the things above-mentioned must be tried by\n Good, as the rule and square.]\n\n \u00feis is ope{n} {and} clere q{uo}d she. \u00feat alle o\u00feer\n \u00feinges ben referred {and} brou\u021dt to goode.\n\n [Sidenote: Sufficiency, power, &c., are all desired, because they\n are esteemed a good.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feerfore\n is suffisaunce requered. For it is demed to ben\n good. {and} for\u00fei is power requered. for men trowen also 2608\n \u00feat it be goode. and \u00feis same \u00feing mowe we \u00feinken {and}\n coueiten of reuerence {and} of noblesse {and} of delit.\n\n [Sidenote: Good is the cause why all things are desired.]\n\n \u00fean is souereyne good \u00fee soume {and} \u00fee cause of alle \u00feat\n au\u021dt[e] be desired.\n\n [Sidenote: For that which contains no good, either in reality or\n appearance, can never be desired.]\n\n forwhi \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat wi\u00fe-holde\u00fe no 2612\n good in it self ne semblaunce of goode it ne may nat\n wel in no manere be desired ne requered.\n\n [Sidenote: On the contrary, things not essentially good are\n desired because they appear to be real goods.]\n\n {and} \u00fee contrarie.\n For \u00feou\u021d \u00feat \u00feinges by hir nature ne ben nat\n goode algates yif men wene \u00feat \u00feei be{n} goode \u021dit ben 2616\n \u00feei desired as \u00feou\u021d [\u00fe{a}t] \u00feei were verrayly goode.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence, Good is esteemed as the cause and end of all\n things that we desire.]\n\n {and} \u00feerfore is it \u00feat men au\u021dte{n} to wene by ry\u021dt \u00feat bounte\n be souereyne fyn {and} \u00fee cause of alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben to\n requeren.\n\n [Sidenote: That which is the cause of our desiring any thing is\n itself what we chiefly want.]\n\n \u00b6 But certis \u00feilke \u00fe{a}t is cause for whiche 2620\n men requeren any \u00feing. \u00b6 it seme\u00fe \u00feat \u00feilke same\n \u00feing be most desired.\n\n [Sidenote: If a man desire to ride on account of health--it is not\n the ride he wants so much as its salutary effects.]\n\n as \u00feus yif \u00feat a wy\u021dt wolde ryde\n for cause of hele. he ne desire\u00fe nat so mychel \u00fee\n moeuyng to ryden as \u00fee effect of his heele. [[pg 94]]\n\n [Sidenote: Since all things are sought after for the sake of Good,\n they cannot be more desirable than the good itself.]\n\n Now \u00fean 2624\n syn \u00feat alle \u00feinges ben requered for \u00fee grace of good.\n \u00feei ne ben [nat] desired of alle folk more \u00fean \u00fee same\n good\n\n [Sidenote: It has been shown that all the aforesaid things are\n only pursued for the sake of happiness--hence it is clear that\n good and happiness are essentially the same.]\n\n \u00b6 But we han graunted \u00feat blysfulnesse is \u00feat\n \u00feing for whiche \u00feat alle \u00feise o\u00feer \u00feinges ben desired. 2628\n \u00fean is it \u00feus \u00feat certis only blisfulnesse is requered {and}\n desired \u00b6 By whiche \u00feing it shewe\u00fe clerely \u00feat good\n {and} blisfulnesse is al oone {and} \u00fee same substaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I see no cause to differ from you.]\n\n \u00b6 I se nat q{uo}d I wher fore \u00feat men my\u021dt[en] discorden 2632\n in \u00feis.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ It has been proved that God and happiness are\n identical and inseparable.]\n\n _p._ {and} we han shewed \u00feat god {and} verrey blysfulnesse\n is al oon \u00feing\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ That is true.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feat is so\u00fee q{uod} .I.\n\n [Sidenote: Therefore the substance of God is also the same as that\n of the Supreme Good.]\n\n \u00fean mowe we conclude sikerly \u00fe{a}t \u00fee substaunce of god is\n set in \u00feilke same good {and} in noon o\u00feer place. 2636\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2591 _brou\u021dt_--MS wrou\u021dt, C. browht\n 2593 _desijr[e] to herkene_--desir{e} for to herkne\n 2594 _Take_--tak\n 2596 _fro_--from\n 2597 _swiche_--swhych\n 2600 _on \u00feing_--othing\n 2602 _one_--on\n 2603 _ben doon_--be don\n 2604 _herkene_--herknen\n 2605 _clere_--cler\n _o\u00feer_--oothre\n 2606 _goode_--good\n 2609 _goode_--good\n _mowe_--mowen\n 2617 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n _were verrayly_--weeren verraylyche\n 2618 _\u00feerfore_--therfor\n _au\u021dten_--owhten\n 2619 _alle_--alle the\n 2620 _whiche_--whych\n 2623 _mychel_--mochel\n 2624 _moeuyng_--moeuynge\n 2626 [_nat_]--from C.\n 2628 _o\u00feer_--oothr{e}\n 2630 _clerely_--clerly\n _good and blisfulnesse_--of good {and} of blysfulnesse\n 2631 _oone_--oon\n 2632 _my\u021dt[en]_--myhten\n 2634 _oon_--oo\n _so\u00fee_--soth\n 2635 _mowe_--mowen\n 2636 _set_--MS. sette, C. set]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD A HAVEN OF REST.]\n\nNUNC OMNES PARITER {ET}C.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 10^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Come hither, all ye that are captives--bound and\n fettered with the chains of earthly desires;--come to this source\n of goodness, where you shall find rest and security.]\n\n ++O Come\u00fe alle to-gidre now \u021de \u00feat ben ycau\u021dt {and}\n ybounde wi\u00fe wicked[e] cheines by \u00fee deceiuable\n delit of er\u00feely \u00feinges inhabytynge in \u021doure \u00feou\u021dt. here\n shal ben \u00fee reste of \u021doure laboures. here is \u00fee hauene 2640\n stable in peisible quiete. \u00feis al oone is \u00fee open refut to\n wreches.\n\n [Sidenote: [Chaucer\u2019s gloss upon the Text.]\n\n _Glosa._ \u00feis is to seyn. \u00feat \u021de \u00feat ben combred\n {and} deceyued wi\u00fe worldly affecc{i}ou{n}s come\u00fe now\n to \u00feis souereyne good \u00feat is god. \u00feat is refut to hem \u00feat 2644\n wolen come to hym.\n\n [Sidenote: Not the gold of Tagus or of Hermus, nor the gems of\n India, can clear the mental sight from vain delusions, but rather\n darken it.]\n\n _Textus._ \u00b6 Alle \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat \u00fee\n ryuere Tagus \u021diue\u00fe \u021dow wi\u00fe his golden[e] grauels. or\n ellys alle \u00fee \u00feynges \u00feat \u00fee ryuere herm{us}. \u021diue\u00fe wi\u00fe his\n rede brynke. or \u00feat yndus \u021diue\u00fe \u00feat is nexte \u00fee hote 2648\n p{ar}tie of \u00fee worlde. \u00feat medele\u00fe \u00fee grene stones\n (smaragd{e}) wi\u00fe \u00fee white (margarits). ne sholde nat\n cleren \u00fee lokynge of \u021doure \u00feo\u021dt. but hiden ra\u00feer \u021doure\n blynde corages wi\u00fe i{n}ne hire dirkenesse\n\n [Sidenote: Such sources of our delight are found in the earth\u2019s\n gloomy caverns,--but the bright light that rules the heavens\n dispels the darkness of the soul.]\n\n \u00b6 Alle \u00feat 2652\n like\u00fe \u021dow here {and} exciti\u00fe {and} moeue\u00fe \u021doure \u00feou\u021dtes.\n \u00fee er\u00fee ha\u00fe noryshed it in hys lowe caues. but \u00fee [[pg 95]]\n shynyng by \u00fee whiche \u00fee heuene is gouerned {and}\n whennes \u00feat it ha\u00fe hys streng\u00fee \u00feat chase\u00fe \u00fee derke 2656\n ouer\u00ferowyng of \u00fee soule.\n\n [Sidenote: He who has seen this light will confess that the beams\n of the sun are weak and dim.]\n\n \u00b6 And who so euer may\n knowen \u00feilke ly\u021dt of blisfulnesse. he shal wel seine \u00feat\n \u00fee white bemes of \u00fee sonne ne ben nat cleer.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2638 _wicked[e]_--wyckyde\n 2639, 2640 _here_--her\n 2640 _hauene_--MS. heuene, C. hauene\n 2641 _al oone_--allone\n 2643 _worldly_--worldely\n 2645 _come_--comyn\n 2646 _golden[e] grauels_--goldene grauayles\n 2647 _\u00feynges_--MS. rynges, C. thinges\n _hermus_--MS. herin{us}, C. herynus\n 2648 _nexte_--next\n 2649 _worlde_--world\n 2654, 2656 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2654 _hys_--hyse\n 2656 _chase\u00fe \u00fee derke_--eschueth the dyrke\n 2657 _euer_--C. omits\n 2658 _seine_--seyn]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n MEN DO NOT SEEK TRUE FELICITY.]\n\nASSENCIOR INQ{UA}M CUNCTA. Boice.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 11 p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I assent, and am convinced by the force of your\n arguments.]\n\n ++I assent[e] me q{uo}d .I. For alle \u00feise \u00feinges ben 2660\n strongly bounden wi\u00fe ry\u021dt ferme resou{n}s.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ But how greatly would you value it, did you fully\n know what this good is?]\n\n how mychel wilt \u00feou p{re}isen it q{uo}d she. yif \u00feat \u00feou\n knowe what \u00feilke goode is.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I should value it infinitely if at the same time I\n might attain to the knowledge of God, who is the sovereign good.]\n\n I wol p{re}ise it q{uo}d I by\n price wi\u00fe outen ende. \u00b6 yif it shal bytyde me to 2664\n knowe also to-gidre god \u00feat is good.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I shall elucidate this matter by incontrovertible\n reasons if thou wilt grant me those things which I have before\n laid down as conclusions.]\n\n \u00b6 certys q{uo}d she\n \u00fe{a}t shal I do \u00fee by verray resou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 22 _b_.]]\n\n yif \u00feat \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat\n I haue conclude[d] a litel her by *forne dwellen oonly\n in hir first[e] graunty{n}g.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I grant them all.]\n\n _Boice._ \u00feei dwellen graunted 2668\n to \u00fee q{uo}d .I. \u00feis is to seyne as who sei\u00fe .I. graunt \u00fei\n forseide conclusiou{n}s.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Have I not shown that the things which the\n majority of mankind so eagerly pursue are not true and perfect\n goods, for they differ from one another; and because where one of\n them is absent the others cannot confer absolute happiness (or\n good)?]\n\n \u00b6 Haue I nat shewed \u00fee q{uo}d\n she \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben requered of many folke. ne\n ben nat verray goodes ne p{er}fit. for \u00feei ben diu{er}se \u00feat 2672\n oon fro \u00feat o\u00feer. {and} so as eche of hem is lakkyng to\n o\u00feer. \u00feei ne han no power to bryngen a good \u00fe{a}t is ful\n {and} absolute.\n\n [Sidenote: Have I not shown, too, that the true and chief good is\n made up of an assemblage of all the goods in such a way, that if\n sufficiency is an attribute of this good, it must at the same time\n possess power, reverence, &c.]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00fean atte arst ben \u00feei verray good\n whan \u00feei ben gadred to-gidre al in to a forme {and} in 2676\n to oon wirchy{n}g. so \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat is suffisaunce.\n \u00feilk same be power {and} reuerence. {and} noblesse {and}\n mir\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: If they be not one and the same, why should they be\n classed among desirable things?]\n\n \u00b6 And forso\u00fee but alle \u00feise \u00fei{n}ges ben alle o\n same \u00feing \u00feei ne han nat wher by \u00feat \u00feei mowen ben 2680\n put in \u00fee nou{m}bre of \u00feinges. \u00feat au\u021dten ben requered\n or desired. _b._ \u00b6 It is shewed q{uo}d .I. ne her of may\n \u00feer no man douten.\n\n [Sidenote: While these things differ from one another they are not\n goods; but as soon as they become one then they are made\n goods.--Do not they owe their being good to their unity?]\n\n _p._ \u00fee \u00feinges \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat ne\n ben none goodes whan \u00feei ben diu{er}se. {and} whan \u00feei [[pg 96]]\n bygynnen to ben al o \u00feing. \u00fean ben \u00feei goodes. ne 2685\n comi\u00fe it hem nat \u00fean by \u00fee getynge of unite \u00feat \u00feei ben\n maked goodes.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ So it appears.]\n\n _b._ so it seme\u00fe q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Do you confess that everything that is good\n becomes such by the participation of the sovereign good or no?]\n\n but alle \u00feing \u00feat\n is good q{uo}d she grauntest \u00feou \u00feat it be good\n by p{ar}ticipac{i}ou{n} 2688\n of good or no.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It is so.]\n\n \u00b6 I graunt[e] it q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2660 _assent[e]_--assente\n 2662 _mychel_--mochel\n 2663 _goode_--good\n 2664 _price_--prys\n 2669 _is_--omitted\n _seyne_--seyn\n 2671 _folke_--folkes\n 2673 _o\u00feer_--oothre\n _eche_--ech\n 2675 _absolute_--absolut\n _atte arst_--at erste\n 2676 _al_--alle\n _a_--O\n 2677 _to_--omitted\n _wirchyng_--wyrkynge\n 2678 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 2681 _put_--MS. putte, C. put\n _au\u021dten_--owhten\n 2684 _none_--no\n 2685 _al o_--alle oon\n 2686 _comi\u00fe_--comth\n 2689 _graunt[e]_--graunte]\n\n [Headnote:\n UNITY NECESSARY TO EXISTENCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Then you must own that unity and good are the same\n (for the substance of those things must be the same, whose effects\n do not naturally differ).]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean mayst \u00feou graunt[en] it q{uo}d she by sembleable\n resou{n} \u00feat oon {and} good ben o same \u00feing. \u00b6 For of\n \u00feinges [of] whiche \u00feat \u00fee effect nis nat naturely diuerse 2692\n nedys \u00fee substaunce mot ben o same \u00feinge.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I cannot gainsay it.]\n\n I ne may\n nat denye it q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Do you not perceive that everything which exists\n is permanent so long as it preserves its unity--but as soon as it\n loses this, it is dissolved and annihilated?]\n\n \u00b6 Hast \u00feou nat knowen wel q{uo}d\n she. \u00feat al \u00feing \u00feat is ha\u00fe so longe his dwellyng {and}\n his substaunce. as longe is it oone. \u00b6 but wha{n} it 2696\n forleti\u00fe to ben oone it mot nedis dien {and} corrumpe togidre.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ How so?]\n\n \u00b6 In whiche manere q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ In the animal creation as long as the soul and the\n body are united and conjoined in one, this being is called an\n animal or beast, but when the union is dissolved by the separation\n of these, the animal perishes and is no longer a beast.]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt as in\n beestes q{uod} she. whan \u00fee soule {and} \u00fee body ben\n co{n}ioigned in oon {and} dwellen to-gidre it is cleped a 2700\n beest. {and} whan hire vnite is destroied by disseueraunce\n \u00feat oon fram \u00fe{a}t o\u00feir. \u00fean shewe\u00fe it wel \u00feat it is a\n dede \u00fei{n}g. {and} \u00feat it is no lenger no beste.\n\n [Sidenote: The same may be said of man and all other things; they\n subsist while unity is preserved, but as soon as that is destroyed\n the things themselves lose their existence.]\n\n {and} \u00fee\n body of a wy\u021dt while it dwelle\u00fe in oon forme by coniuncc{i}ou{n} 2704\n of membris it is wel seyn \u00feat it is a figure of\n mankynde. and yif \u00fee partyes of \u00fee body ben [so]\n diuide[d] {and} disseuered \u00feat oon fro \u00feat o\u00feir \u00feat \u00feei\n destroien vnite. \u00fee body forleti\u00fe to ben \u00feat it was byforne. 2708\n \u00b6 And who so wolde renne in \u00fee same manere\n by alle \u00feinges he sholde seen \u00feat wi\u00fe outen doute euery\n \u00feinge is in his substaunce as longe as it is oon. {and}\n whan it forleti\u00fe to ben oon it die\u00fe {and} p{er}issi\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I believe we should find this true in every case.]\n\n _boice._ 2712\n whan I considre q{uo}d I many \u00feinges I see noon o\u00fe{er}.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2690 _mayst \u00feou graunt[en]_--mosthow grau{n}ten\n 2692 [_of_]--from C.\n 2695 _al_--alle\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2696, 2697 _oone_--oon\n 2698 _whiche_--which\n 2703 _dede_--ded\n _lenger_--lenger{e}\n _beste_--beest\n 2704 _while_--whil\n _oon_--oo\n 2706 _[so] diuide[d]_--so deuydyd\n 2709 _so_--omitted\n 2713 _many_--manye]\n\n [Headnote:\n NATURE SUSTAINS VEGETATION.]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Is there anything which acts naturally that\n forgoes this desire of existence and wishes for death and\n corruption?]\n\n \u00b6 Is \u00feer any \u00feing \u00feanne q{uo}d she \u00feat in as moche as\n it lyue\u00fe naturely. \u00feat forleti\u00fe \u00fee appetit or talent of 2715\n hys beynge. {and} desire\u00fe to come to dee\u00fe\n {and} to corrupc{i}ou{n}. [[pg 97]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I do not find any creature endowed with volition,\n which, of itself and without constraint, renounces or despises\n life and self-preservation or willingly hastens to destruction.]\n\n \u00b6 yif I considere q{uod} I \u00fee beestes \u00feat han\n any manere nature of willy{n}ge or of nillynge I ne\n fynde no \u00feing. but yif it be constreyned fro wi\u00fe out\n for\u00fee. \u00feat forleti\u00fe or dispise\u00fe to lyue {and} to dure{n} 2720\n or \u00feat wole his \u00feankes hasten hy{m} to dien. \u00b6 For\n euery beest trauayle\u00fe hy{m} to defende {and} kepe \u00fee\n sauuac{i}ou{n} of lijf. {and} eschewe\u00fe dee\u00fe {and} destrucc{i}ou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: But with regard to herbs and trees, I am doubtful\n whether I ought to have the same opinion of them, for they have no\n sensitive soul, nor any natural volition like animals.]\n\n _b._ but certys I doute me of herbes {and} of trees. \u00feat is 2724\n to seyn \u00feat I am in a doute of swiche \u00feinges as herbes\n or trees \u00feat ne han no fely{n}g soule. ne no naturel\n wirchynges seruy{n}g to appetite as beestes han whe\u00feer\n \u00feei han appetite to dwelle{n} {and} to duren.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ There is no cause for doubt in respect to these.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis 2728\n q{uo}d she ne \u00feer of \u00fear \u00fee nat doute.\n\n [Sidenote: Herbs and trees first choose a convenient place to grow\n in, where, agreeably to their respective natures, they are sure to\n thrive, and are in no danger of perishing; for some grow on\n plains, some on mountains, &c.; and if you try to transplant them,\n they forthwith wither and die.]\n\n \u00b6 Now look\n vpon \u00feise herbes {and} \u00feise trees. \u00feei waxen firste in\n swiche place as be{n} couenable to hem. in whiche place\n \u00feei ne mowen nat sone dien ne dryen as longe as hire 2732\n nature may defenden he{m}. \u00b6 For some of hem waxen\n in feldes {and} some in mou{n}taignes. {and} o\u00feir waxen i{n}\n mareis. [_A leaf lost here, and supplied from C._]\n [{and} oothre cleuyn on Roches / {and} soume waxen plentyuos 2736\n in sondes / {and} yif \u00fe{a}t any wyht enforce hym to\n beryn hem in to oother places / they wexen drye //\n\n [Sidenote: To everything that vegetates, nature gives what is\n needful for its subsistence, and takes care that they should not\n perish before their time.]\n\n For natur{e} yeueth to eu{er}y thing \u00fe{a}t /\n \u00fe{a}t is co{n}uenient to\n hym {and} trauaylith \u00fe{a}t they ne dye nat as longe as they 2740\n han power to dwellyn {and} to lyuen //\n\n [Sidenote: Need I tell you that plants are nourished by their\n roots (which are so many mouths hid in the earth), and diffuse\n strength throughout the whole plant, as through their marrow?]\n\n what woltow seyn\n of this / \u00fe{a}t they drawen alle hyr norysshynges by hyr\n rootes / ryht as they haddyn hyr Mowthes I.-plounged 2743\n w{i}t{h} in the erthes / {and} shedyn by hyr maryes (i. medull{as})\n hyr wode {and} hyr bark /\n\n [Sidenote: And further, it is admirably contrived that the pith,\n the most tender part of plants, is hid in the middle of the trunk,\n surrounded with hard and solid wood, and with an outer coat of\n bark to ward off the storms and weather.]\n\n {and} what woltow seyn\n of this \u00fe{a}t thilke thing / \u00fe{a}t is ryht softe as the marye (i.\n sapp) is / \u00fe{a}t is alwey hidd in the feete al w{i}t{h} inne {and}\n \u00fe{a}t it is defendid fro w{i}t{h} owte by the stidefastnesse of 2748\n wode // {and} \u00fe{a}t the vttereste bark is put ayenis\n the destemprau{n}ce\n of the heuene / as a defendowr myhty to suffren [[pg 98]]\n harm /\n\n [Sidenote: Admire, too, the diligence of nature in propagating\n plants by a multiplicity of seeds, which are as a foundation for a\n building, not to remain for a time, but as it were for ever.]\n\n {and} thus certes maystow wel sen / how gret is\n the diligence of natur{e} / For alle thinges renouelen {and} 2752\n pupllisen hem w{i}t{h} seed .I.-multiplyed / nether nis no man\n \u00fe{a}t ne wot wel \u00fe{a}t they ne ben ryht as a foundement {and}\n edyfice for to duren / nat only for a tyme / but ryht as forto\n duren p{er}durablely by generacyou{n} //\n\n [Sidenote: Things inanimate incline to what is most suitable to\n their beings, and to preserve continuance.]\n\n {and} the thinges ek 2756\n \u00fe{a}t men wenen ne hauen none sowles / ne desir{e} they nat ech\n of hem by sem[b]lable resou{n} to kepyn \u00fe{a}t that is hirs / \u00fe{a}t\n is to seyn \u00fe{a}t is acordynge to hyr natur{e} in conseruaciou{n}\n of hyr beynge {and} endurynge //\n\n [Sidenote: For why should the flame mount upwards by lightness,\n and the earth tend towards its centre by gravity (weight), unless\n these motions were agreeable to their respective natures?]\n\n For wher for elles berith 2760\n lythnesse the flaumbes vp / {and} the weyhte p{re}sseth the\n erthe a-dou{n} // but For as moche as thilke places and\n thilke moeuynges ben couenable to eu{er}ich of hem //\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2718 _willynge_--wylnynge\n _or_--{and}\n 2719 _\u00feing_--beest\n _out for\u00fee_--owte forth\n 2720 _lyue_--lyuen\n 2723 _of lijf_--of hys lyf\n 2726 _soule_--sowles\n 2727 _appetite_--appetites\n 2729 _look_--loke\n 2730 _waxen firste_--wexen fyrst\n 2733, 2734 _some_--som\n 2734 _o\u00feir_--oothre\n 2753 _pupllisen_--H. publisshen)\n 2755 _edyfice_--MS. edyfite\n _a tyme_--H. oon) tyme\n 2758 _that_--H. omits\n _hirs_--H. his]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE LOVE OF LIFE IS INSTINCTIVE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Whatever is agreeable to the nature of a thing\n preserves it. So what is contrary to its nature destroys it.]\n\n {and} forsothe eu{er}y thing kepith thilke \u00fe{a}t is acordynge 2764\n {and} propre to hym // ryht as thinges \u00fe{a}t ben contraryes\n {and} enemys corompen hem //\n\n [Sidenote: Dense bodies, such as stones, resist an easy separation\n of parts; whereas the particles of liquid or flowing things, such\n as air and water, are easily separated and soon reunited.]\n\n {and} yit the harde thinges\n as stoones clyuen {and} holden hyr partyes to gydere\n ryht faste {and} harde / {and} deffenden hem in withstondenge 2768\n \u00fe{a}t they ne departe nat lyhtly a twyne // {and} the\n thinges \u00fe{a}t ben softe {and} fletynge as is water {and} Eyr\n they departyn lyhtly // {and} yeuen place to hem \u00fe{a}t\n brekyn or deuyden hem // but natheles they retorne{n} 2772\n sone ayein in to the same thinges fro whennes they ben\n arraced //\n\n [Sidenote: Fire avoids and utterly refuses any such division.]\n\n but fyr [fleet\u0127] {and} refuseth alle deuysyou{n} /\n\n [Sidenote: I am not now treating of the voluntary motion of a\n conscious soul, but of the natural intention and instinct.]\n\n ne I. ne trete nat heer{e} now of weleful moeuynges of the\n sowle \u00fe{a}t is knowynge // but of the naturel entenciou{n} 2776\n of thinges //\n\n [Sidenote: We swallow our meat without thinking of it, and we draw\n our breath in sleep without perception.]\n\n As thus ryht as we swolwe the mete \u00fe{a}t we\n resseyuen {and} ne thinke nat on it / {and} as we drawen\n owr{e} breth in slepynge \u00fe{a}t we wite it nat whil we slepyt //\n\n [Sidenote: The love of life in animals is not derived from an\n intellectual will, but from natural principles implanted in them.]\n\n For certes in the beestys the loue of hyr lyuynges ne of 2780\n hyr beeinges ne comth nat of the wilnynges of the sowle //\n but of the bygynnyngis of natur{e} //\n\n [Sidenote: For the will, induced by powerful reasons, sometimes\n chooses and embraces death, although nature dreads and abhors it.]\n\n For certes thorw\n constreynynge causes / wil desireth {and} embraceth ful\n ofte tyme / the deth \u00fe{a}t natur{e} dredith\n // that is to seyn [[pg 99]]\n as thus that a man may ben constreynyd so by som 2785\n cause that his wil desireth and taketh the deth which\n \u00fe{a}t natur{e} hateth {and} dredeth ful sore //\n\n [Sidenote: And, on the contrary, we see that concupiscence (by\n which alone the human race is perpetuated) is often restrained by\n the will.]\n\n And som tyme\n we seeth the contrarye / as thus that the wil of a wight / 2788\n destorbeth {and} constreyneth \u00fe{a}t \u00fe{a}t natur{e} desireth / and\n requereth al-wey // that is to sein the werk of gen{er}aciou{n} /\n by the whiche gen{er}aciou{n} only / dwelleth {and} is sustenyd\n the longe durablete of mortal thinges //\n\n [Sidenote: Self-love possessed by every creature is not the\n product of volition, but proceeds from a natural impression or\n intention of nature.]\n\n And thus 2792\n this charite and this Loue \u00fe{a}t eu{er}y thing hath to hym\n self ne comth nat of the moeuynge of the sowle / but of\n the entenciou{n} of natur{e} //\n\n [Sidenote: Providence has implanted in all created things an\n instinct, for the purpose of self-preservation, by which they\n desire to prolong existence to its utmost limits.]\n\n For the puruyance of god\n hat yeuen to thinges \u00fe{a}t ben creat of hym / this \u00fe{a}t is 2796\n a ful gret cause / to lyuen {and} to duren / for which they\n desiren naturelly hyr lyf as longe as eu{er} they mowen //\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2774 [_fleeth_]--from H.\n 2775 _weleful_--H. wilfull{e}\n 2779 _slepyt_--H. slepe{n}\n 2788 _seeth_--H. seen)\n _wil_--H. will{e}\n 2792 _And_--H. as\n 2796 _hat_--H. haue]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE WILL IS SUPERIOR TO INSTINCT.]\n\n [Sidenote: Doubt not, therefore, that everything which exists\n desires existence and avoids dissolution.]\n\n For w[h]ych thou maist nat drede by no manere / that\n alle the thinges / that ben anywher{e} / that they ne requeren 2800\n naturelly / the ferme stablenesse of p{er}durable\n dwellynge / and ek the eschuynge of destruccyou{n} //\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ You have made those things perfectly plain and\n intelligible, which before were obscure and doubtful.]\n\n B //\n now confesse I. wel q{uod} I. that I. see wel now certeynly /\n w{i}t{h} owte dowtes / the thinges that whylom semeden 2804\n vncerteyn to me /\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ That which desires to subsist desires also to\n retain its unity for if this be taken away it cannot continue to\n exist.]\n\n P. // but q{uod} she thilke thyng \u00fe{a}t\n desiret\u0127 to be {and} to dwellyn p{er}durablely / he desireth\n to ben oon // For yif \u00fe{a}t that oon weer{e} destroied // certes\n beinge ne shulde ther non dwellyn to no wiht //\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ That is very true!]\n\n that 2808\n is sot\u0127 q{uod} I. //\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ All things then desire one thing--unity.]\n\n Thanne q{uod} she desirin alle thinges\n oon //\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ They do.]\n\n .I. assente q{uod} .I. //\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Unity then is the same as good.]\n\n {and} I haue shewyd q{uod} she\n that thilke same oon is thilke that is good //\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Yes.]\n\n B // ye forsothe\n q{uod} I. //\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Thus all things desire good--and it is one and the\n same good that all creatures desire.]\n\n Alle thinges thanne q{uod} she requyren 2812\n good // And thilke good thanne [\u00feow] maist descryuen\n ryht thus // Good is thilke thing \u00fe{a}t euery wyht desireth //\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Nothing is more true. For either all things must\n be reduced to nothing (or have no relation to anything else), and,\n destitute of a head, float about without control or order; or if\n there be anything to which all things tend, that must be the\n supreme good.]\n\n Ther ne may be thowht q{uod} .I. no moor{e}\n verray thing / for either alle thinges ben referred {and} 2816\n browht to nowht / {and} floteryn w{i}t{h} owte gou{er}nour\n despoiled of oon / as of hir propre heued / or elles yif [[pg 100]]\n ther be any thinge / to which \u00fe{a}t alle thinges tenden\n {and} hyen / that thing moste ben the souereyn good of 2820\n alle goodes /\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I rejoice greatly, my dear pupil, that you so\n clearly apprehend this truth, of which but just now you were\n ignorant.]\n\n P /. thanne seyde she thus // O my norry\n q{uod} she I haue gret gladnesse of the // For thow\n hast fichched in thin herte the myddel sothtfastnesse //\n that is to seyn the prykke // but this thing hath ben 2824\n descouered to the / in that thow seydyst \u00fe{a}t thow\n wystest nat a lytel her by-forn //\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What was that?]\n\n what was th{a}t q{uod} I. //\n\n [Headnote:\n THE END OF ALL THINGS.]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ The _End of all things_. And this is what every\n one desires; but we have shown that _good_ is the thing desired by\n all, therefore _Good_ is the _End of all things_.]\n\n That thow ne wystest nat q{uod} she whych was\n the ende of thinges // and Certes that is the thing \u00fe{a}t 2828\n eu{er}y wiht desireth // and for as mochel as we han\n gaderid / {and} co{m}p{re}hendyd that good is thilke thing\n that is desired of alle / thanne moten we nedes confessun /\n that good is the fyn of alle thinges. 2832\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2800 _the_--H. \u00feo\n 2806 _perdurablely_--H. p{er}durably\n 2807 _destroied_--H. destrued\n 2811 _thilke_ (1)--H. ilke\n 2818 _heued or elles_--H. hede or els\n 2820 _hyen_--H. hyen) to\n _moste_--H. must]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n TRUTH INTUITIVE.]\n\nQUISQUIS P{RO}FUNDA MENTE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .11. Met{ru}m.]]\n\n [Sidenote: He who seeks truth with deep research and is unwilling\n to go wrong, should collect his slumbering thoughts, and turn the\n inner light upon the soul itself.]\n\n ++WHo so that sekith sot\u0127 by a deep thoght And\n coueyteth nat to ben deseyuyd by no mys-weyes //\n lat hym rollen {and} trenden w{i}t{h} Inne hym self / the Lyht\n of his inward syhte // And lat hym gader{e} ayein enclynynge 2836\n in to a compas the longe moeuynges of hys\n thowhtes /\n\n [Sidenote: The knowledge that he seeks without he will find\n treasured up in the recesses of the mind.]\n\n And lat hym techen his corage that he hath\n enclosed {and} hyd / in his tresors / al \u00fe{a}t he compaseth or\n sekith fro w{i}t{h} owte //\n\n [Sidenote: The light of Truth will disperse Error\u2019s dark clouds,\n and shine forth brighter than the sun.]\n\n And thanne thilke thing that the 2840\n blake cloude of errour whilom hadde y-couered / shal\n lyhten more clerly tha{n}ne pheb{us} hym self ne shyneth //\n\n [Sidenote: [Chaucer\u2019s gloss.]]\n\n Glosa // who so wole seken the dep[e] grounde / of soth 2843\n in his thowht / {and} wol nat be deceyuyd by false p{ro}posiciou{n}s /\n that goon amys fro the trouthe // lat hym wel\n examine / {and} rolle w{i}t{h} inne hym self the natur{e} {and}\n the p{ro}pretes of the thing // and lat hym yit eft sones\n examine {and} rollen his thowhtes by good deliberaciou{n} 2848\n or that he deme // and lat hym techen his sowle that it [[pg 101]]\n hat by naturel pryncyplis kyndeliche y-hyd w{i}t{h} in\n it self alle the trowthe the whiche he ymagynith to ben\n in thinges w{i}t{h} owte // And thanne alle the dyrknesse of 2852\n his mysknowynge shal seen more euydently to [\u00fee]\n syhte of his vndyrstondynge thanne the sonne ne semyth\n to [\u00fee] syhte w{i}t{h} owte forth /\n\n [Sidenote: For when the body enclosed the soul and cast oblivion\n o\u2019er its powers it did wholly exterminate the heaven-born light.]\n\n For certes the body\n bryngynge the weyhte of foryetynge / ne hath nat chasyd 2856\n owt of yowr{e} thowhte al the clernesse of yowre knowyng //\n\n [Sidenote: The germs of truth were latent within, and were fanned\n into action by the gentle breath of learning.]\n\n For certeynly the seed of sooth haldith {and} clyueth\n w{i}t{h} in yowr{e} corage / {and} it is a-waked {and} excited by\n the wynde {and} by the blastes of doctryne //\n\n [Sidenote: Were not truth implanted in the heart, how could man\n distinguish right from wrong?]\n\n For wher{e} 2860\n for elles demen ye of yowr{e} owne wyl the ryhtes whan\n ye ben axed // but yif so wer{e} \u00fe{a}t the noryssynges of\n resou{n} ne lyuede .I.-plowngyd in the depthe of yowr{e}\n herte // this [is] to seyn how sholden men demen \u00fee 2864\n sooth of any thing \u00fe{a}t weer{e} axed / yif ther neer{e} a\n Roote of sothfastnesse \u00fe{a}t weer{e} yplowngyd {and} hyd in\n the natur{e}[l] pryncyplis / the whiche sothfastnesse\n lyued w{i}t{h} in the depnesse of the thowght //\n\n [Sidenote: So, if what Plato taught is true, \u2018to learn is no other\n than to remember what had been before forgotten.\u2019]\n\n {and} yif 2868\n so be \u00fe{a}t the Muse {and} the doctryne of plato syngyth\n sooth // al \u00fe{a}t eu{er}y whyht lerneth / he ne doth no\n thing elles tha{n}ne but recordeth as me{n} recordyn thinges\n \u00fe{a}t ben foryetyn. 2872\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2838 _his_--H. \u00feis\n _that_--H. {and} \u00fe{a}t\n 2841 _blake_--H. blak\n _hadde y-couered_--H. had cou{er}ed\n 2842 _lyhten_--H. light\n 2843 _dep[e]_--C. dep, H. depe\n 2847 _thing_--H. \u00feyng{es}\n 2863 _depthe_--H. depe\n 2864 [_is_]--from H.\n _sholden_--H. shulde\n 2867 _nature[l]_--H. nat{ur}ell{e}]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE WORLD GOVERNED BY GOD.]\n\nTUM EGO PLATONI INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .12. p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I am quite of Plato\u2019s opinion, for you have now a\n second time recalled these things to my remembrance which had been\n forgotten, first by the contagious union of soul and body, and\n afterwards by the pressure of my afflictions.]\n\n ++THanne seide I thus // I acorde me gretly to plato / for\n thow remenbrist {and} recordist me thise thinges yit]\n\n [Sidenote: [*_Addit. MS. 10,340, fol. 23._]]\n\n *\u00fee seconde tyme. \u00feat is to seyn. first whan I lost[e] my\n memorie by \u00fee co{n}tagio\u0169s coniuncc{i}ou{n} of \u00fee body wi\u00fe 2876\n \u00fee soule. {and} eftsones afterward whan I lost[e] it co{n}founded\n by \u00fee charge {and} by \u00fee burden of my sorwe.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If you will reflect upon the concessions you have\n already made, you will soon call to mind that truth, of which you\n lately confessed your ignorance.]\n\n \u00b6\u00a0And \u00fean sayde she \u00feus. \u00b6 If \u00feou look[e] q{uo}d she\n firste \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feou hast graunted it ne shal nat 2880\n ben ry\u021dt feer \u00feat \u00feou ne shalt remembren \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat [[pg 102]]\n \u00feou seidest \u00feat \u00feou nistest nat.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What is that?]\n\n what \u00feing q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ It was, by what power the world is governed.]\n\n \u00b6 by whiche gouerme{n}t q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00feis worlde is\n gouerned.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ With regard to that, I own I confessed my\n ignorance, but though I now remotely see what you infer, yet I\n wish for further explanation from you.]\n\n Me remembri\u00fe it wel q{uo}d I. {and} I confesse 2884\n wel \u00feat I ne wist[e] it nat \u00b6 But al be it so \u00feat\n I se now fro{m} afer what \u00feou p{ur}posest \u00b6 Algates I\n desire \u021dit to herkene it of \u00fee more pleynely.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ You acknowledged a little while ago that this\n world was governed by God?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feou ne\n wendest nat q{uo}d she a litel here byforne \u00feat men 2888\n sholden doute \u00feat \u00feis worlde is gouerned by god.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I still cling to this opinion, and will give you\n my reasons for this belief.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d I ne \u021ditte doute I it nau\u021dt. ne I nil\n neuer wene \u00feat it were to doute. as who sei\u00fe. but I\n wot wel \u00feat god gouerne\u00fe \u00feis worlde. \u00b6 And I shal 2892\n shortly answere \u00fee by what resou{n}s I am brou\u021dt to \u00feis.\n\n [Sidenote: The discordant elements of this world would never have\n assumed their present form unless there had been a wise\n Intelligence to unite them; and even after such a union, the\n joining of such opposites would have disunited and ruined the\n fabric made up of them, had not the same conjoining hand kept them\n together.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feis worlde q{uod} I of so many dyuerse {and} co{n}trarious\n p{ar}ties ne my\u021dten neuer han ben assembled in o forme.\n but yif \u00feere ne were oon \u00feat conioigned so many[e 2896\n diu{er}se] \u00feinges. \u00b6 And \u00fee same diuersite of hire\n natures \u00feat so discordeden \u00feat oon fro \u00feat o\u00feer most[e]\n dep{ar}ten {and} vnioigne{n} \u00fee \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat ben co{n}ioigned.\n yif \u00feere ne were oon \u00feat contened[e] \u00feat he ha\u00fe co{n}ioigned 2900\n {and} ybounde.\n\n [Sidenote: The order that reigns throughout nature could not\n proceed so regularly and uniformly if there were not a Being,\n unchangeable and stedfast, to order and dispose so great a\n diversity of changes.]\n\n ne \u00fee certein ordre of nature ne\n sholde. nat brynge fur\u00fee so ordinee moeuynge. by\n places. by tymes. by doynges. by spaces. by qualites.\n yif \u00feere ne were oon \u00feat were ay stedfast dwellynge. 2904\n \u00feat ordeyned[e] {and} disposed[e] \u00feise diuersites of\n moeuynges.\n\n [Sidenote: This Being, the creator and ruler of all things, I call\n God.]\n\n \u00b6 and \u00feilke \u00feinge what so euer it be. by\n whiche \u00feat alle \u00feinges ben maked {and} ylad. I clepe\n hym god \u00feat is a worde \u00feat is vsed to alle folke. 2908\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ As thy sentiments on these points are so just I\n have but little more to do--for thou mayest be happy and secure,\n and revisit thy own country.]\n\n \u00fean seide she. syn \u00feou felest \u00feus \u00feise \u00feinges q{uo}d she. I\n trowe \u00feat I haue lytel more to done. \u00feat \u00feou my\u021dty of\n wilfulnesse hool {and} sounde ne se eftsones \u00fei contre.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2875, 2877 _lost[e]_--loste\n 2878 _burden_--burdene\n 2879 _look[e]_--looke\n 2880 _firste_--fyrst\n 2883 _whiche_--which\n _gouerment_--gou{er}nement\n _worlde_--wordyl\n 2885 _wist[e]_--wiste\n 2887 _pleynely_--pleynly\n 2888 _here byforne_--her byforn\n 2889 _worlde is_--world nis\n 2890 _\u021ditte doute_--yit ne dowte\n _nil_--nel\n 2892 _wot_--MS. wote, C. wot\n 2892, 2894 _worlde_--world\n 2893 _answere_--answeren\n 2894 _many_--manye\n 2895 _my\u021dten_--myhte\n 2896 _\u00feere_--ther\n _many[e]_--manye\n 2897 [_diuerse_]--from C.\n _hire_--hir\n 2898 _most[e]_--moste\n 2900 _\u00feere_--ther\n _contened[e]_--contenede\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 2902 _fur\u00fee_--forth\n _ordinee moeuynge_--ordene moeuynges\n 2904 _\u00feere_--ther\n _stedfast_--stidefast\n 2905 _ordeyned[e]_--ordeynede\n _disposed[e]_--disponede\n 2907 _whiche_--which\n _ben_--be\n _ylad_--MS. yladde, C. I-ladd\n 2908 _worde_--word\n _folke_--foolk\n 2911 _wilfulnesse_--welefulnesse]\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD IS ALL-SUFFICIENT.]\n\n [Sidenote: But let us reflect a little more upon these matters.]\n\n \u00b6 But lat vs loken \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat we han\n p{ur}posed her-byforn. [[pg 103]]\n\n [Sidenote: Did we not agree that _Sufficiency_ is of the nature of\n true happiness?]\n\n \u00b6 Haue I nat nou{m}bred {and} seid q{uod} she 2913\n \u00feat suffisaunce is in blisfulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: And have we not seen that God is that true felicity,\n and that He needs no external aid nor instruments?]\n\n {and} we han accorded\n \u00feat god is {and} \u00feilke same blisfulnesse. \u00b6 yis forso\u00fee q{uo}d\n I. {and} \u00feat to gouerne \u00feis worlde q{uod} she. ne shal he 2916\n neuer han nede of none helpe fro wi\u00feoute.\n\n [Sidenote: For if he should, he would not be self-sufficient.]\n\n for ellys yif\n he had[de] nede of any helpe. he ne sholde not haue\n [no] ful suffisau{n}ce. \u021dis \u00feus it mot nedes be q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: And he directs all things by himself alone?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean ordeyne\u00fe he by hym self al oon alle \u00feinges q{uo}d 2920\n she.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It cannot be gainsaid.]\n\n \u00feat may nat ben denied q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I have shown that God is the chief good; God must,\n therefore, direct and order all things by _good_, since he governs\n them by himself, whom we have proved to be the _supreme good_, and\n he is that helm and rudder, by which this machine of the world is\n steadily and securely conducted.]\n\n \u00b6 And I haue\n shewed \u00feat god is \u00fee same good. \u00b6 It reme{m}bre\u00fe me\n wel q{uo}d I. \u00b6 \u00fean ordeine\u00fe he alle \u00feinges by \u00feilke\n goode q{uod} she. Syn he whiche we han accorded to 2924\n ben good gouerne\u00fe alle \u00fei{n}g{us} by hym self. {and} he is a\n keye {and} a stiere by whiche \u00feat \u00fee edifice of \u00feis worlde\n is ykept stable {and} wi\u00fe oute corumpynge\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I entirely agree to this, and partly anticipated\n your remarks.]\n\n \u00b6 I accorde\n me gretly q{uod} I. {and} I ap{er}ceiuede a litel here byforn 2928\n \u00feat \u00feou woldest seyne \u00feus. Al be it so \u00feat it were by\n a \u00feinne suspeciou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I believe it; for your eyes are now more intent\n upon these great truths relating to true felicity; but what I am\n going to say is not less open to your view.]\n\n I trowe it wel q{uo}d she. \u00b6 For as\n I trowe \u00feou leedest nowe more ententifly \u00feine eyen to\n loken \u00fee verray goodes \u00b6 but na\u00feeles \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat I 2932\n shal telle \u00fee \u021dit ne shewe\u00fe nat lasse to loken.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What is that?]\n\n what is\n \u00feat q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ As we believe that God governs all things by his\n goodness, and that all things have a natural tendency towards the\n _good_, can it be doubted but that they all voluntarily submit to\n the will and control of their ruler?]\n\n \u00b6 So as men trowen q{uo}d she {and} \u00feat\n ry\u021dtfully \u00feat god gouerne\u00fe alle \u00feinges by \u00fee keye of his\n goodnesse. \u00b6 And alle \u00feise same \u00feinges as I [haue] 2936\n tau\u021dt \u00fee. hasten hem by naturel ente{n}c{i}ou{n} to comen\n to goode \u00feer may no man doute{n}. \u00feat \u00feei ne ben\n gouerned uoluntariely. {and} \u00feat \u00feei ne conuerten [hem]\n nat of her owe{n} wille to \u00fee wille of hire ordeno{ur}. 2940\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2912 _han_--ha\n 2913 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n 2916 _worlde_--world\n 2917 _none helpe_--non help\n 2918 _had[de]_--hadde\n _helpe_--help\n 2919 [_no_]--from C.\n 2920 _al oon_--allone\n 2921 _ben denied_--be denoyed\n 2924, 2926 _whiche_--which\n 2925 _ben_--be\n 2926 _worlde_--world\n 2928 _gretly_--gretely\n _here_--her\n 2929 _seyne_--seye\n 2931 _nowe_--now\n 2932 _na\u00feeles_--nat[h]les\n 2935 _ry\u021dtfully_--MS. on ry\u021dtfully\n 2936 [_haue_]--from C.\n 2938 _goode_--good\n 2939 [_hem_]--from C.\n 2940 _nat_--omitted\n _her_--hir\n _owen_--owne\n _wille_ (_both_)--wil\n _hire_--hyr]\n\n [Headnote:\n ALL THINGS SUBMIT TO GOD.]\n\n as \u00feei \u00feat ben accordyng {and} enclinynge to her gouerno{ur}\n {and} her kyng. [[pg 104]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It cannot be otherwise. There would be no safety\n for those who obey, if the discord of a portion were allowed.]\n\n \u00b6 It mot nedys be so q{uo}d. I.\n\n [Sidenote: [* Fol. 23 _b_.]]\n\n *\u00b6 For \u00fee realme ne sholde not seme blisful \u021dif \u00feere were a \u021dok\n of mysdrawynges in diu{er}se p{ar}ties ne \u00fee sauynge of 2944\n obedient \u00feinges ne sholde nat be.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Is there anything that follows the dictates of\n nature that seeks to counteract the will of God?]\n\n \u00fean is \u00feere no \u00feing\n q{uo}d she \u00fe{a}t kepi\u00fe hys nature[;] \u00feat enforce\u00fe hym to\n gone a\u021deyne god.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No.]\n\n \u00b6 No q{uo}d. I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If there should be any such, it could not prevail\n against him, who is supremely happy and consequently omnipotent.]\n\n \u00b6 And if \u00feat any \u00fei{n}g\n enforced[e] hym to wi\u00festonde god. my\u021dt[e] it auayle at 2948\n \u00fee laste a\u021deyns hym \u00feat we han g{ra}unted to ben al\n my\u021dty by \u00fee ry\u021dt of blisfulnesse. \u00b6 Certis q{uo}d I al\n outerly it ne my\u021dt[e] nat auaylen hym.\n\n [Sidenote: Then there is nothing that either will or can withstand\n this supreme good?]\n\n \u00fean is \u00feere no\n \u00feing q{uo}d she \u00feat ey\u00feer wol or may wi\u00festonde to \u00feis 2952\n souereyne good.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Nothing, certainly.]\n\n \u00b6 I trowe nat q{uo}d. I\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ It is then the supreme good that governs and\n orders all things powerfully and benignly.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean is\n \u00feilke \u00fee souereyne good q{uo}d she \u00feat alle \u00fei{n}g{us}\n gouerne\u00fe strongly {and} ordeyne\u00fe hem softly.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I am delighted with your _conclusions_, but much\n more with your _language_; so that fools may be ashamed of their\n objections to the divine government.]\n\n \u00fea{n} seide I\n \u00feus. I delite me q{uo}d I nat oonly in \u00fee endes or in \u00fee 2956\n so{m}mes of [the] resou{n}s \u00feat \u00feou hast concludid {and}\n p{ro}ued. \u00b6 But \u00feilke wordes \u00feat \u00fe{o}u vsest deliten me\n moche more. \u00b6 So at \u00fee last[e] fooles \u00feat so{m}tyme\n renden greet[e] \u00feinges au\u021dte{n} ben asshamed of hem 2960\n self.\n\n [Sidenote: [Chaucer\u2019s gloss.]]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feat is to seyne \u00fe{a}t we fooles \u00feat rep{re}henden\n wickedly \u00fee \u00fei{n}g{us} \u00feat touchen goddes gouernaunce we\n au\u021dte{n} ben asshamed of oure self. As I \u00feat seide god\n refuse\u00fe oonly \u00fee werkes of men. {and} ne entremeti\u00fe nat 2964\n of he{m}.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ You have read the Poets\u2019 fables, how the Giants\n stormed heaven--how they were repulsed and punished according to\n their deserts; but may we not compare our reasons together, for by\n so doing some clear spark of truth may shine forth?]\n\n _p._ \u00feou hast wel herd q{uo}d she \u00fee fables of \u00fee\n poetes. how \u00fee geauntes assailden \u00fee heuene wi\u00fe \u00fee\n goddes. but for so\u00fee \u00fee debonaire force of god disposed[e]\n hem so as it was wor\u00fei. \u00feat is to seyne distroied[e] \u00fee 2968\n geauntes. as it was wor\u00fei. \u00b6 But wilt \u00feou \u00feat we\n ioygnen togedre \u00feilke same resou{n}s. for p{er}auenture of\n swiche coniuncc{i}ou{n} may sterten vp some faire sp{er}kele\n of so\u00fee\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ As you please.]\n\n \u00b6 Do q{uo}d I as \u00fee list.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Is God omnipotent?]\n\n wenest \u00feou q{uo}d she 2972\n \u00feat god ne is almy\u021dty. no man is in doute of it. [[pg 105]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No one doubts it.]\n\n Certys\n q{uo}d I no wy\u021dt ne defendi\u00fe it if he be in hys mynde.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2941 _her_--hyr\n 2943 _realme_--Reaume\n _seme_--semen\n 2945 _\u00feere_--ther\n 2947 _gone a\u021deyne_--goon ayein\n 2948 _enforced[e]_--enforcede\n _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n _auayle_--auaylen\n 2949 _a\u021deyns_--a-yenis\n 2951 _outerly_--owtrely\n _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n _auaylen_--MS. aualeyne, C. auaylen\n _hym_--hem\n _\u00feere_--ther\n 2952 _wol_--wole\n _wi\u00festonde_--w{i}t{h}-stondyn\n _\u00feis souereyne_--his sou{er}eyn\n 2955 _softly_--softtely\n 2957 _sommes_--somme\n [_the_]--from C.\n 2959 _last[e]_--laste\n 2960 _greet[e]_--grete\n 2960, 2963 _au\u021dten_--owhten\n 2961 _seyne_--seyn\n 2965 _of hem_--of it\n _herd_--MS. herde, C. herd\n 2967 _disposed[e]_--desposede\n 2968 _seyne distroied[e]_--seyn destroyede\n 2971 _swiche_--swych\n _some_--som\n 2972 _so\u00fee_--soth\n _list_--liste\n 2973 _is_ (1)--be\n _man_--omitted\n _is_ (2)--nis\n 2974 _defendi\u00fe_--dowteth]\n\n [Headnote:\n EVIL HAS NO EXISTENCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If he is almighty, there are, then, no limits to\n his power?]\n\n but he q{uo}d she \u00feat is al my\u021dty \u00feere nis no \u00feing \u00feat he\n ne may do.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ He can doubtless do all things.]\n\n \u00feat is so\u00fee q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ May God do evil?]\n\n May god done yuel 2976\n q{uo}d she.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No.]\n\n nay for so\u00fee q{uo}d. I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Is evil nothing, since God, who is almighty,\n cannot do it?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean is yuel no \u00feing\n q{uo}d she. \u00b6 Syn \u00feat he ne may not done yuel \u00feat\n may done alle \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Dost thou mock me or play with me, leading me with\n thy arguments into an inextricable labyrinth, and enclosing me in\n a wonderful circle of Divine Simplicity?]\n\n scornest \u00feou me q{uo}d. I. or ellys\n pleyest \u00feou or deceiuest \u00feou me. \u00feat hast so wouen me 2980\n wi\u00fe \u00fei resou{n}s. \u00fee house of didalus so entrelaced. \u00feat it\n is vnable to ben vnlaced. \u00feou \u00feat o\u00feer while entrest\n \u00feere \u00feou issest {and} o\u00feer while issest \u00feere \u00feou entrest.\n ne fooldest \u00feou nat to gidre by replicac{i}ou{n} of wordes a 2984\n maner wondirful cercle or envirounynge of symplicite\n deuyne.\n\n [Sidenote: For thou didst first begin with happiness, and didst\n say that it was the sovereign good, and that it resided in God;\n then, that God was that _Good_ and the perfection of happiness;\n and, hence, thou didst infer that nobody could be happy unless he\n became likewise a God.]\n\n \u00b6 For certys a litel her byforn{e} whan \u00feou bygu{n}ne\n atte blisfulnesse \u00fe{o}u seidest \u00feat it is souereyne\n good. {and} seidest \u00feat it is set in souereyne god. {and} \u00feat 2988\n god is \u00fee ful[le] blisfulnesse. for whiche \u00feou \u021daf[e] me\n as a couenable \u021difte. \u00feat is to seyne \u00fe{a}t no wy\u021dt nis\n blisful. but yif he be good al so \u00feer wi\u00fe\n\n [Sidenote: Again, thou saidst that the very form of good was the\n substance whereof God and happiness were composed, and that it was\n the object and desire of all things in nature.]\n\n {and} seidest\n eke \u00feat \u00fee forme of goode is \u00fee substaunce of god. {and} 2992\n of blisfulnesse. {and} seidest \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke same oone is \u00feilke\n same goode \u00feat is requered {and} desired of al \u00fee kynde\n of \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou didst prove that God rules the world by his\n goodness, and that all things willingly obeyed him; and that evil\n has no existence.]\n\n {and} \u00feou p{ro}euedest in disputynge \u00feat god\n gouerne\u00fe alle [the] \u00feinges of \u00fee worlde by \u00fee gouernementys 2996\n of bountee. {and} seydest \u00feat alle \u00feinges wolen\n ybeyen to hym. and seidest \u00feat \u00fee nature of yuel nis\n no \u00feing.\n\n [Sidenote: These truths you established by forcible and natural\n arguments, and by no strained and far-fetched reasons.]\n\n {and} \u00feise \u00feinges ne shewedest \u00feou nat wi\u00fe no\n resou{n}s ytake fro wi\u00feoute but by proues in cercles {and} 3000\n homelyche knowen. \u00b6 \u00fee whiche p{ro}eues drawen to hem\n self hir fei\u00fe {and} hir accorde eu{er}iche [of] hem of o\u00feer. \u00fean\n seide she \u00feus.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I have not deluded you, for by the Divine aid we\n have accomplished our chief task.]\n\n I ne scorne \u00fee nat ne pleye ne desseyue\n \u00fee. but I haue shewed to \u00fee \u00feinge \u00feat is grettest ouer [[pg 106]]\n alle \u00feinges by \u00fee \u021difte of god \u00feat we some tyme prayden 3005\n\n [Linenotes:\n 2975 _\u00feere_--ther\n 2976 _do_--C. omits\n _so\u00fee_--soth\n _done_--don\n 2978, 2979 _done_--don\n 2980 _wouen_--MS. wonnen, C. wouen\n 2981 _house_--hows\n 2983 _\u00feere_ (_both_)--ther\n 2987 _atte_--at\n 2988 _set_--MS. sette, C. set\n 2989 _ful[le]_--fulle\n _whiche_--which\n _\u021daf[e]_--yaue\n 2990 _\u021difte_--yift\n _seyne_--seyn\n 2992, 2994 _goode_--good\n 2993 _oone_--oon\n 2994 _al_--alle\n 2996 [_the_]--from C.\n 2998 _ybeyen_--obeyen\n 2999 _no_ (2)--none\n 3000 _ytake_--I-taken\n 3001 _homelyche_--hoomlich\n 3002 _eueriche_--eu{er}ich\n [_of_]--from C.\n 3004 _\u00fee \u00feinge_--the the thing\n 3005 _\u021difte_--yift\n _some tyme prayden_--whilom preyeden]\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD IS LIKE A SPHERE.]\n\n [Sidenote: I have proved to you that it is an essential property\n of the Divine nature not to go out of itself, nor to receive into\n itself anything extraneous.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feis is \u00fee forme of [the] deuyne substaunce. \u00feat\n is swiche \u00feat it ne slyde\u00fe nat in to outerest foreine\n \u00feinges. ne ne rec[e]yue\u00fe no st{ra}nge \u00feinges in hym. 3008\n\n [Sidenote: Parmenides says of the Deity that _God is like a\n well-rounded sphere_.]\n\n but ry\u021dt as p{ar}maynws seide in grek of \u00feilke deuyne substaunce.\n he seide \u00feus \u00feat \u00feilke deuyne substaunce\n torne\u00fe \u00fee worlde {and} \u00feilke cercle moeueable of \u00feinges\n while \u00feilke dyuyne substau{n}ce kepi\u00fe it self wi\u00fe outen 3012\n moeuynge.\n\n [Sidenote: He causes the moving globe to revolve, but is himself\n immovable.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 24.]]\n\n \u00feat *is to seyne \u00feat it ne moeui\u00fe neuere mo.\n {and} \u021ditte it moeue\u00fe alle o\u00feer \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: If I have chosen my arguments from the subjects within\n range of our discussion, do not let that surprise you, for, as\n Plato has taught us, there ought to be an alliance between the\n words and the subject of discourse.]\n\n but na-\u00feeles yif I\n [haue] stered resou{n}s \u00feat ne ben nat taken fro wi\u00fe oute\n \u00fee compas of \u00fee \u00feinge of whiche we treten. but resou{n}s 3016\n \u00feat ben bystowed wi\u00fe i{n}ne \u00feat compas \u00feere nis nat whi\n \u00feat \u00feou sholde[st] merueylen. sen \u00feou hast lerned by\n \u00fee sentence of plato \u00feat nedes \u00fee wordes moten ben\n cosynes to \u00feo \u00feinges of whiche \u00feei speken. 3020\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3006 [_the_]--from C.\n 3007 _swiche_--swich\n 3009 _parmaynws_--a p{ar}manides\n 3011 _worlde_--world\n 3012 _while_--whil\n _wi\u00fe outen_--w{i}t{h} owte\n 3013 _seyne_--seyn\n 3014 _\u021ditte_--yit\n _o\u00feer_--oothre\n 3015 [_haue_]--from C.\n 3016 _whiche_--which\n 3017 _wi\u00fe inne_--w{i}t{h} in\n 3020 _cosynes_--MS. conceyued, C. cosynes\n _\u00feo_--\u00fee\n _whiche_--which]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE POWER OF MUSIC.]\n\nFELIX QUI POTERIT. {ET} CET{ER}A.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .12. Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Happy is he that hath seen the lucid spring of truth!\n Happy the man that hath freed himself from terrestrial chains!]\n\n ++Blisful is \u00feat man \u00feat may seen \u00fee clere welle of good.\n blisful is he \u00feat may vnbynde hym fro \u00fee bonde of\n heuy er\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: The Thracian poet, consumed with grief for the loss of\n his wife, sought relief from music.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fee poete of t{ra}ce [orphe{us}] \u00feat somtyme\n hadde ry\u021dt greet sorowe for \u00fee dee\u00fe of hys wijf.\n\n [Sidenote: His mournful songs drew the woods along; the rolling\n rivers ceased to flow; the savage beasts became heedless of their\n prey; the timid hare was not aghast at the hound.]\n\n aftir \u00feat 3024\n he hadde maked by hys wepely songes \u00fee wodes meueable\n to rennen. {and} hadde ymaked \u00fee ryueres to stonden\n stille. {and} maked \u00fee hertys {and} hyndes to ioignen\n dredles hir sides to cruel lyou{n}s to herkene his songe. 3028\n {and} had[de] maked \u00feat \u00fee hare was nat agast of \u00fee\n hounde whiche \u00feat was plesed by hys songe.\n\n [Sidenote: But the songs that did all things tame, could not allay\n their master\u2019s ardent love.]\n\n so \u00feat\n whane \u00fee most[e] ardaunt loue of hys wijf brende \u00fee\n entrailes of his brest. ne \u00fee songes \u00feat hadde ouer [[pg 107]]\n comen alle \u00feinges ne my\u021dten nat assuage hir lorde 3033\n orpheus.\n\n [Sidenote: He bewailed the cruelty of the gods above, and\n descended to Pluto\u2019s realm.]\n\n \u00b6 He pleyned[e] hym of \u00fee godes \u00feat were{n}\n cruel to hym. he wente hym to \u00fee houses of helle\n\n [Sidenote: There he struck his tuneful strings and sang,\n exhausting all the harmonious art imparted to him by his mother\n Calliope.]\n\n {and} \u00feere he tempred[e] hys blaundissyng songes by resounyng 3036\n of hys strenges. \u00b6 And spak {and} song in\n wepynge alle \u00feat euer he hadde resceyued {and} laued\n oute of \u00fee noble welles of hys modir calliope \u00fee goddesse.\n\n [Sidenote: In songs dictated both by grief and love, he implored\n the infernal powers to give him back his Eurydice.]\n\n {and} he song wi\u00fe as mychel as he my\u021dt[e] of 3040\n wepynge. {and} wi\u00fe as myche as loue \u00feat doubled[e] his\n sorwe my\u021dt[e] \u021deuen hym {and} teche hy{m} in his seke\n h{er}te. \u00b6 And he commoeuede \u00fee helle {and} requered[e]\n {and} sou\u021dte by swete p{re}iere \u00fee lordes of soules in helle 3044\n of relesynge. \u00feat is to seyne to \u021delden hym hys wif.\n\n [Sidenote: Cerberus, Hell\u2019s three-headed porter, stood amazed;]\n\n \u00b6 Cerberus \u00fee porter of helle wi\u00fe his \u00fere heuedes was\n cau\u021dt {and} al abaist for \u00fee new[e] songe.\n\n [Sidenote: the Furies, tormentors of guilty souls, did weep;]\n\n {and} \u00fee \u00fere goddesses\n furijs {and} vengerisse of felonies \u00feat to{ur}mente{n} 3048\n {and} agaste{n} \u00fee soules by anoye wexen sorweful {and} sory\n {and} wepen teres for pitee.\n\n [Sidenote: Ixion, tormented by the revolving wheel, found rest;]\n\n \u00fean was nat \u00fee heued of\n Ixion{e} yto{ur}mented by \u00fee ou{er}\u00ferowi{n}g whele.\n\n [Sidenote: Tantalus, suffering from a long and raging thirst,\n despised the stream;]\n\n \u00b6 And\n tantalus \u00feat was destroied by \u00fee woodnesse of longe 3052\n \u00ferust dispise\u00fe \u00fee flodes to drynke.\n\n [Sidenote: and the greedy vulture did cease to eat and tear the\n growing liver of Tityus.]\n\n \u00fee fowel \u00feat hy\u021dt\n voltor \u00feat eti\u00fe \u00fee stomak or \u00fee giser of ticius is so fulfilled\n of his songe \u00feat it nil etyn ne tyren no more.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3022 _vnbynde_--vnbyndyn\n _bonde_--bondes\n 3023 [_orpheus_]--from C.\n _somtyme_--whilom\n 3024 _sorowe_--sorwe\n 3028 _dredles_--dredeles\n _to herkene_--forto herknen\n 3029 _had[de]_--hadde\n 3030 _\u00feat_ (2)--omitted\n 3031 _most[e]_--moste\n 3032 _hadde_--hadden\n 3033 _assuage_--asswagen\n _lorde_--lord\n 3034 _pleyned[e]_--pleynede\n _godes_--heuene goodes\n 3035 _wente_--MS. wenten, C. wente\n 3036 _tempred[e] hys_--temprede hise\n 3037 _of hys_--C. omits\n _spak_--MS. spakke, C. spak\n _song_--MS. songe, C. soonge\n 3038 _alle_--al\n 3039 _oute_--owt\n _goddesse_--goddes\n 3040 _song_--MS. songe, C. soonge\n _mychel_--mochel\n 3041 _myche_--moche\n _doubled[e]_--dowblede\n 3042 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n _\u021deuen_--yeue\n _teche_--thechen\n _in----herte_--omitted\n 3043 _commoeuede_--MS. comaunded, C. co{m}moeuede\n 3044 _sou\u021dte_--by-sowhte\n 3045 _\u021delden_--yilden\n 3046 _his_--hise\n 3047 _cau\u021dt_--MS. cau\u021dte, C. cawht\n _new[e] songe_--newe song\n 3049 _anoye----sorweful_--anoy woxen soruful\n 3050 _\u00fean_--tho ne\n 3051 _whele_--wheel\n 3053 _\u00ferust_--thurst\n _hy\u021dt_--hihte\n 3054 _fulfilled_--fulfyld\n 3055 _songe_--song]\n\n [Headnote:\n FIX NOT THE THOUGHTS ON EARTHLY THINGS.]\n\n [Sidenote: At length Pluto himself relented, crying out, \u2018We are\n overcome! Let us give him back his wife, he hath well won her by\n his song.]\n\n \u00b6 Atte \u00fee laste \u00fee lorde {and} Iuge of soules was moeued 3056\n to misericordes {and} cried[e] we ben ouer comen q{uo}d\n he. yif[e] we to orpheus his wijf to bere hym co{m}paignye\n he ha\u00fe welle I-bou\u021dt hir by his faire songe {and}\n his ditee. [[pg 108]]\n\n [Sidenote: But we will lay this injunction upon him. Till he\n escape the infernal bounds, he shall not cast a backward look.\u2019]\n\n but we wil putte{n} a lawe in \u00feis. {and} couenaunt 3060\n in \u00fee \u021difte. \u00fe{a}t is to seyne. \u00feat til he be out of\n helle yif he loke byhynden hym [\u00fe{a}t] hys wijf shal\n come{n} a\u021deine to vs\n\n [Sidenote: But, who shall give a lover any law? Love is a greater\n law than may be given to any earthly man.]\n\n \u00b6 but what is he \u00feat may \u021deue a\n lawe to loueres. loue is a gretter lawe {and} a strengere to 3064\n hym self \u00fean any lawe \u00fe{a}t men may \u021deuen.\n\n [Sidenote: Alas! having left the realms of night, Orpheus cast a\n look behind and lost his too-much-loved Euridice.]\n\n \u00b6 Allas\n whan Orpheus {and} his wijf were al most at \u00fee termes of\n \u00fee ny\u021dt. \u00feat is to seyne at \u00fee last[e] boundes of helle.\n Orpheus loked[e] abakwarde on Erudice his wijf {and} 3068\n lost[e] hir {and} was deed.\n\n [Sidenote: This fable belongs to all you, whose minds would view\n the Sovereign Good.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feis fable app{er}teine\u00fe to\n \u021dow alle who so euer desire\u00fe or seki\u00fe to lede his \u00feou\u021dte\n in to \u00fee souereyne day. \u00feat is to seyne to clerenes[se]\n of souereyne goode.\n\n [Sidenote: For he who fixes his thoughts upon earthly things and\n low, must lose the noble and heaven-imparted Good.]\n\n \u00b6 For who so \u00feat eu{er}e be so ouer 3072\n come{n} \u00feat he fycche hys eyen in to \u00fee put[te] of helle.\n \u00feat is to seyne who so sette\u00fe his \u00feou\u021dtes in er\u00feely\n \u00feinges. al \u00feat euer he ha\u00fe drawen of \u00fee noble good\n celestial he lesi\u00fe it whan he loke\u00fe \u00fee helles. \u00feat is to 3076\n seyne to lowe \u00feinges of \u00fee er\u00fee.\n\n EXPLICIT LIBER TERCIUS.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3056 _Atte_--At\n _lorde_--lord\n 3057 _cried[e]_--cryde\n 3058 _yif[e]_--yiue\n 3059 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _welle_--wel\n _faire_--C. omits\n _songe_--song\n 3060 _wil putten_--wol putte\n 3062 _byhynden_--by-hynde\n [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 3063 _to_--vn-to\n 3064 _gretter_--gret\n 3066 _were al most_--weren almest\n 3067 _last[e]_--laste\n 3068 _loked[e] abakwarde_--lookede abacward\n 3069 _lost[e]_--loste\n 3070 _\u00feou\u021dte_--thowht\n 3071 _clerenes[se]_--clernesse\n 3072 _souereyne goode_--sou{er}eyn god\n 3073 _put[te]_--putte\n 3074 _sette\u00fe_--sette\n 3075 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE EXISTENCE OF EVIL.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 24 _b_.]]\n\n*INCIPIT LIBER QUARTUS.\n\n\nHEC CUM PHILOSOPHIA DIGNITATE UULT{US}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 1^ma p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: When P. with grace and dignity had poured forth her\n songs, I, not quite quit of my load of grief, interrupted her as\n she was continuing her discourse.]\n\n ++Whanne philosophie hadde songe{n} softly {and} delitably\n \u00fee forseide \u00feinges kepynge \u00fee dignitee of hir\n choere in \u00fee wey\u021dte of hir wordes. I \u00fean \u00feat ne hadde 3080\n nat al out{er}ly for\u021deten \u00fee wepyng {and} mournyng\n \u00feat was set in myne herte for-brek \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n} of hir\n \u00feat entended[e] \u021ditte to seyne o\u00fe{er} \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: All your discourses, O my conductress to the true\n light! have been very clear and unanswerable, both by the divine\n testimony which they carry along with them, and by thy\n irrefragable arguments.]\n\n \u00b6 Se q{uo}d\n I. \u00feou \u00feat art gideresse of verray ly\u021dte \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feou 3084\n hast seid [me] hider to ben to me so clere\n {and} so shewyng [[pg 109]]\n by \u00fee deuyne lokyng of hem {and} by \u00fei resou{n}s \u00feat\n \u00feei ne mowe nat ben ouercomen.\n\n [Sidenote: Through the oppression of grief I had forgotten these\n truths, but was not wholly ignorant of them.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feilke \u00fei{n}g{us}\n \u00feat \u00feou toldest me. al be it so \u00feat I hadde som tyme 3088\n fo[r]\u021deten hem for [the] sorwe of \u00fee wronge \u00feat ha\u00fe ben\n don to me. \u021dit na\u00feeles \u00feei ne were nat alouterly vnknowen\n to me.\n\n [Sidenote: The principal cause of my trouble is this--that, whilst\n the absolute Ruler of all things is goodness itself, evil exists\n and is allowed to pass unpunished.]\n\n but \u00feis same is namly a gret cause of\n my sorwe. \u00feat so as \u00fee gouernoure of \u00feinges is goode. 3092\n yif \u00feat yuelys mowen ben by any weyes. or ellys yif\n \u00feat yuelys passen wi\u00fe outen punyssheinge.\n\n [Sidenote: This, to say the least, is astonishing.]\n\n \u00fee whiche\n \u00feinge oonly how wor\u00fei it is to ben wondred vpon. \u00feou\n considerest it weel \u00fei self certeynly.\n\n [Sidenote: Moreover, while _vice_ flourishes _virtue_ is not only\n unrewarded, but trampled under foot by base and profligate men,\n and suffers the punishment due to impiety.]\n\n but \u021ditte to \u00feis 3096\n \u00feing \u00feere is an o\u00feer \u00feing y-ioigned more to ben ywondred\n vpon. \u00b6 For felonie is emperisse {and} flowre\u00fe ful of\n rycchesse. and vertues nis nat al oonly wi\u00fe outen medes.\n but it is cast vndir {and} fortroden vndir \u00fee feet of felonous 3100\n folk. {and} it abie\u00fe \u00fee to{ur}me{n}tes in sted of\n wicked felou{n}s\n\n [Sidenote: Here is cause for wonderment, since such things are\n possible under the government of an omniscient and omnipotent God,\n who wills nothing but what is the best.]\n\n \u00b6 Of al[le] whiche \u00feing \u00feer nis no wy\u021dt\n \u00feat [may] merueyllen ynou\u021d ne compleyne \u00feat swiche\n \u00feinges ben don in \u00fee regne of god \u00feat alle \u00feinges woot. 3104\n and alle \u00feinges may {and} ne wool nat but only goode\n \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ It were indeed, not only marvellous, but also\n horribly monstrous, if, in the well-regulated family of so great a\n master, the worthless vessels should be honoured and the precious\n ones be despised:--but it is not so.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean seide she \u00feus. certys q{uo}d she \u00feat were\n a grete meruayle {and} an enbaissynge wi\u00feouten ende.\n {and} wel more horrible \u00fean alle monstres yif it were as 3108\n \u00fe{o}u wenest. \u00feat is to sein. \u00feat in \u00fee ry\u021dt ordeyne house\n of so mochel a fader {and} an ordenour of meyne. \u00feat \u00fee\n vesseles \u00feat ben foule {and} vyle sholde ben hono{ur}ed\n {and} heried. and \u00fee p{re}cious uesseles sholde ben defouled 3112\n {and} vyle. but it nis nat so.\n\n [Sidenote: For if the conclusions we have come to, be sound and\n irrefragable, we must confess that under God\u2019s rule the _good_ are\n always powerful and mighty, and the _wicked_ weak and\n contemptible;]\n\n For yif \u00fee \u00feinges\n \u00feat I haue co{n}cluded a litel here byforne ben kept hoole [[pg 110]]\n {and} vnraced. \u00feou shalt wel knowe by \u00fee auctorite of\n god. of \u00fee whos regne I speke \u00feat certys \u00fee good[e] 3116\n folk ben alwey my\u021dty. {and} shrewes ben alwey yuel {and}\n feble.\n\n [Sidenote: that vice never passes unpunished, nor virtue goes\n unrewarded;]\n\n ne \u00fee vices ben neu{e}re mo wi\u00fe outen peyne[;] ne\n \u00fee vertues ne ben nat wi\u00fe outen mede.\n\n [Sidenote: that happiness attends good men, and misfortune falls\n to the lot of the wicked.]\n\n and \u00feat blisfulnesses\n comen alwey to goode folke. {and} infortune come\u00fe 3120\n alwey to wicked folke.\n\n [Sidenote: These and many other truths of like nature shall be\n proved to thee, and shall put an end to thy complaints, and\n strengthen thee with firmness and solidity.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feou shalt wel knowe\n many[e] \u00feinges of \u00feis kynde \u00fe{a}t sholle cessen \u00fei pleyntes.\n {and} stedfast \u00fee wi\u00fe stedfast saddenesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Having shown you a picture of true felicity, and\n wherein it resides, I shall now trace out the way which will lead\n you to your home.]\n\n \u00b6 And for \u00feou\n hast seyn \u00fee forme of \u00fee verray blisfulnesse by me \u00feat 3124\n [haue] somtyme I-shewed it \u00fee. And \u00feou hast knowen\n i{n} whom blysfulnesse is set. alle \u00feinges I treted \u00fe{a}t I\n trowe ben nessessarie to put[te] fur\u00fee \u00b6 I shal shewe\n \u00fee. \u00fee weye \u00feat shal brynge \u00fee a\u021deyne vnto \u00fei house 3128\n\n [Sidenote: I will give your soul wings to soar aloft, so that all\n tribulation being removed, you may, under my guiding, by my road,\n and with my vehicle, return whole and sound into your own\n country.]\n\n {and} I shal ficche fe\u00feeres in \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt by whiche it may\n arysen in hey\u021dte. so \u00feat al tribulac{i}ou{n} don awey \u00feou\n by my gidyng & by my pa\u00fee {and} by my sledes shalt\n mowen retourne hool {and} sounde in to \u00fei contre. 3132\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3078 _softly_--softely\n 3080 _choere in_--cheere {and}\n 3082 _set_--MS. sette, C. set\n _myne_--Myn\n _for-brek_--MS. for-breke, C. Forbrak\n 3083 _entended[e]_--entendede\n 3084 _ly\u021dte_--lyht\n 3085 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seid\n [_me_]--from C.\n 3086 _\u00fei_--the\n 3087 _mowe_--mowen\n 3088 _som tyme_--whilom\n 3089 [_the_]--from C.\n _wronge_--wrong\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3090 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n _were_--weeren\n 3091 _namly_--namely\n 3092 _goode_--good\n 3094 _wi\u00fe outen_--w{i}t{h} owte\n 3095 _\u00feinge_--thing\n 3097 _\u00feere_--ther\n _ben ywondred_--be wondryd\n 3098 _flowre\u00fe_--MS. folwe\u00fe, C. flowrith\n 3099 _rycchesse_--Rychesses\n _vertues_--vertu\n _wi\u00fe outen_--w{i}t{h} owte\n 3101 _in sted_--in stide\n 3102 _wicked_--wikkede\n _al[le]_--alle\n _\u00feing_--thinges\n 3103 [_may_]--from C.\n 3104 _don_--MS. done, C. doon\n 3105 _wool_--wole\n _goode_--good\n 3107 _grete_--gret\n _enbaissynge_--enbasshinge\n 3108 _alle_--al\n 3109 _ordeyne house_--ordenee hows\n 3111, 3113 _vyle_--vyl\n 3112 _heried_--he heryed\n _sholde_--sholden\n 3113 _\u00fee_--tho\n 3114 _here byforne_--her byforn\n _kept_--MS. kepte, C. kept\n 3116 _good[e]_--goode\n 3117 _alwey_ (2)----_feble_--alwey owt cast {and} feble\n 3118, 3119 _wi\u00fe outen_--w{i}t{h} owte\n 3119 _vertues_--vertuus\n 3122 _many[e]_--manye\n _sholle cessen_--shollen cesen\n 3123 _stedfast----stedfast_--strengthyn the w{i}t{h} stidfast\n 3124 _seyn_--MS. seyne, C. seyn\n 3125 [_haue_]--from C.\n _somtyme_--whilom\n 3126 _set_--MS. sette, C. I-set\n 3127 _put[te] fur\u00fee_--putten forth\n 3128 _weye_--wey\n _brynge_--bryngen\n _\u00fei house_--thin hows\n 3129 _ficche_--fycchen\n 3130 _arysen_--areysen\n _don_--MS. done, C. ydo\u00f1\n 3131 _pa\u00fee_--paath\n _shalt mowen_--shal mowe\n 3132 _sounde_--sownd]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n VIRTUE NEVER GOES UNREWARDED.]\n\nSU{N}T ETENIM PENNE. {ET} C{ETERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: I have nimble wings that enable the mind to rise from\n earth to heaven, to leave the clouds behind, to pass the region of\n perpetual flame, and to reach the starry mansion, journeying\n either by Ph\u0153bus\u2019 radiant path, or accompanying cold and aged\n Saturn, or riding, as a soldier, with Mars.]\n\n ++I Haue for so\u00fee swifte fe\u00feeres \u00feat surmou{n}ten \u00fee hey\u021dt\n of \u00fee heuene whan \u00fee swifte \u00feou\u021dt ha\u00fe clo\u00feed it self.\n in \u00feo fe\u00feeres it dispise\u00fe \u00fee hat[e]ful er\u00fees. {and} surmou{n}te\u00fe\n \u00fee hey\u021denesse of \u00fee greet[e] eyir. {and} it sei\u00fe \u00fee 3136\n cloudes by-hynde hir bak {and} passe\u00fe \u00fee hey\u021dt of \u00fee\n regiou{n} of \u00fee fire \u00feat eschaufi\u00fe by \u00fee swifte moeuyng of\n \u00fee firmament. til \u00feat she a-reisi\u00fe hir in til \u00fee houses \u00fe{a}t\n beren \u00fee sterres. {and} ioygne\u00fe hir weyes wi\u00fe \u00fee sonne [[pg 111]]\n phebus. {and} felawshipe\u00fe \u00fee weye of \u00fee olde colde 3141\n saturnus. and she ymaked a kny\u021dt of \u00fee clere sterre.\n\n [Sidenote: [Chaucer\u2019s Gloss.]]\n\n \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat \u00fee soule is maked goddys kny\u021dt by\n \u00fee sekyng of treu\u00fee to comen to \u00fee verray knowlege of 3144\n god.\n\n [Sidenote: Through every sphere she (the mind) runs where night is\n most cloudless and where the sky is decked with stars, until she\n reaches the heaven\u2019s utmost sphere--]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 25.]]\n\n and \u00feilke soule renne[\u00fe] by \u00fee cercle *of \u00fee sterres\n in alle \u00fee places \u00feere as \u00fee shynyng ny\u021dt is depeynted.\n \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee ny\u021dt \u00feat is cloudeles. for on ny\u021dtes \u00feat\n ben cloudeles it seme\u00fe as \u00fee heuene were peynted wi\u00fe 3148\n dyuerse ymages of sterres. {and} whan \u00fee soule ha\u00fe gon\n ynou\u021d she shal forleten \u00fee last[e] poynt of \u00fee heuene.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3133 _hey\u021dt of \u00fee heuene_--heyhte of heuene\n 3134 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3136 _hey\u021denesse----eyir_--Rou{n}dnesse of the grete ayr\n _sei\u00fe_--seth\n 3137 _hir_--his\n 3138 _fire_--Fyr\n _eschaufi\u00fe_--MS. eschaufi\u00fee\n 3139 _she_--he\n _hir_--hym\n 3140 _hir_--his\n 3141 _weye_--wey\n _\u00fee----saturnus_--MS. saturnus \u00fee olde colde\n 3142 _saturnus_--sat{ur}nis\n _she_--he\n 3143 _soule_--thowght\n 3144 _treu\u00fee_--trowthe\n _knowlege_--knoleche\n 3145 _soule_--thoght\n 3146 _depeynted_--painted\n 3149-50 _and whan----she shal_--{and} whanne he hath I-doon\n ther{e} I-nowh he shal\n 3149 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3150 _\u00fee last[e]----heuene_--the laste heuene]\n\n [Headnote:\n VICE IS ALWAYS PUNISHED.]\n\n [Sidenote: then pressing on she shall be prepared to see the true\n Source of Light, where the great King of kings bears his mighty\n sceptre, and holds the reins of the universe.]\n\n {and} she shal p{re}ssen {and} wenden on \u00fee bak of \u00fee swifte\n firmament. and she shal ben maked p{er}fit of \u00fee dredefulle 3152\n clerenesse of god. \u00b6 \u00feere halde\u00fe \u00fee lorde of kynges\n \u00fee ceptre of his my\u021dt {and} atte{m}p{er}e\u00fe \u00fee gouernementes\n of \u00feis worlde.\n\n [Sidenote: Here the great Judge, standing in shining robes, firmly\n guides his winged chariot, and rules the tumultuous affairs of the\n world.]\n\n {and} \u00fee shynynge iuge of \u00feinges stable i{n}\n hy{m} self gouerne\u00fe \u00fee swifte carte. \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee 3156\n circuler moeuyng of [the] sonne.\n\n [Sidenote: If you at length shall arrive at this abode, you will\n say this is my country--here I was born--and here will I abide.]\n\n {and} yif \u00fei weye lede\u00fe\n \u00fee a\u021deyne so \u00feat \u00feou be brou\u021dt \u00feider. \u00fean wilt \u00feou seye\n now \u00feat \u00feat is \u00fee contre \u00feat \u00feou requeredest of whiche \u00feou\n ne haddest no mynde. but now it remenbre\u00fe me wel 3160\n here was I born. here wil I fastne my degree. here wil\n I dwelle.\n\n [Sidenote: And should you deign to look on the gloomy earth,\n you\u2019ll see those tyrants, the fear of wretched folk, banished from\n those fair realms.]\n\n but yif \u00fee lyke \u00fean to loken on \u00fee derkenesse\n of \u00fee er\u00fee \u00feat \u00feou hast for-leten. \u00fean shalt \u00feou seen \u00feat\n \u00feise felonous tyrauntes \u00feat \u00fee wrecched[e] poeple drede\u00fe 3164\n now shule ben exiled from \u00feilke faire contre.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3151-2 _she_--he\n 3152-3 _of \u00fee----of god_--of the worshipful lyht of god\n 3153 _\u00feere halde\u00fe_--ther halt\n 3155 _\u00feis worlde_--the world\n 3156 _carte_--cart or wayn\n 3157 [_the_]--from C.\n 3159 _whiche_--which\n 3161 _here_ (1, 2, 3)--her\n _born_--MS. borne, C. born\n _wil_ (1)--wol\n _wil_ (2)--wole\n 3162 _lyke_--liketh\n _derkenesse_--dyrknesses\n 3164 _wrecched[e]_--wrecchede\n 3165 _shule_--shollen\n _from_--fro]\n\n\n [[pg 112]]\n [Headnote:\n THE GOOD ARE ALWAYS STRONG.]\n\nTUNC EGO PAPE INQ{UA}M. {ET} C{ETERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 2^e p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Ah! thou promisest me great things indeed!--but\n without delay, satisfy the expectations you have raised.]\n\n ++\u00deAnne seide I \u00feus. [owh] I wondre me \u00feat \u00feou by-hetest\n me so grete \u00feinges. ne I ne doute nat \u00feat \u00fe{o}u\n ne mayst wel p{er}forme \u00feat \u00feou by-hetest. but I preie \u00fee 3168\n oonly \u00feis. \u00feat \u00feou ne tarie nat to telle me \u00feilke \u00feinges\n \u00feat \u00feou hast meoued.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ You must first be convinced that the good are\n always strong and powerful and the wicked destitute of strength.]\n\n first q{uo}d she \u00feou most nedes\n knowen. \u00fe{a}t good[e] folk ben al wey strong[e] {and}\n my\u021dty. and \u00fee shrewes ben feble {and} desert {and} naked 3172\n of alle streng\u00fees.\n\n [Sidenote: These assertions do mutually demonstrate each other.]\n\n and of \u00feise \u00feinges certys eueryche of\n hem is declared {and} shewed by o\u00fe{er}.\n\n [Sidenote: For since good and evil are contrary, if good be\n powerful evil must be impotent.]\n\n \u00b6 For so as good\n {and} yuel ben two cont{ra}ries. yif so be \u00feat goode be\n stedfast. \u00fea{n} shewe\u00fe \u00fee fieblesse of yuel al openly. 3176\n\n [Sidenote: And if the frailty of evil is known, the strength and\n stability of good must also be known to you.]\n\n and yif \u00feou knowe clerely \u00fee freelnesse of yuel. \u00fee stedfastnesse\n of goode is knowen.\n\n [Sidenote: But to convince you I shall proceed to prove it from\n both these principles, establishing these truths, by arguments\n drawn first from one of these topics and then from the other.]\n\n but for as moche as \u00fee fey of\n my sentence shal be \u00fee more ferme {and} habou{n}daunt. I\n wil goon by \u00feat oon wey {and} by \u00feat o\u00feer {and} I wil conferme 3180\n \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben p{ur}posed now on \u00feis side {and}\n now on \u00fe{a}t syde.\n\n [Sidenote: Two things are necessary to every action--the Will and\n the Power; if either be wanting, nothing can be effected.]\n\n \u00b6 Two \u00feinges \u00feer ben in whiche \u00fee\n effect of alle \u00fee dedes of man kynde standi\u00fe. \u00feat is to\n seyn. wil {and} power. and yif \u00feat oon of \u00feise two fayle\u00fe 3184\n \u00feere nis no \u00feing \u00feat may be don.\n\n [Sidenote: A man can do nothing without the concurrence of his\n will, and if power faileth the will is of no effect.]\n\n for yif \u00feat wil lakke\u00fe\n \u00feere nys no wy\u021dt \u00feat vndirtake\u00fe to done \u00feat he wol not\n don. and yif power fayle\u00fe \u00fee wille nis but i{n} ydel {and}\n stant for nau\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence, if you see a person desirous of getting what he\n cannot procure, you are sure he lacks power to obtain it.]\n\n and \u00feer of come\u00fe it \u00feat yif \u00feou se a 3188\n wy\u021dt \u00feat wolde gete{n} \u00feat he may nat geten. \u00feou mayst\n nat douten \u00feat power ne fayle\u00fe hy{m} to haue{n} \u00feat he\n wolde. \u00b6 \u00feis is open {and} clere q{uo}d I. ne it may nat\n ben denyed in no manere.\n\n [Sidenote: And if you see another do what he had a mind to do, can\n you doubt that he had the power to do it?]\n\n and yif \u00feou se a wy\u021dt q{uo}d 3192\n she. \u00feat ha\u00fe don \u00feat he wolde don \u00fe{o}u nilt nat douten\n \u00feat he ne ha\u00fe had power to done it.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No, surely. _P._ A man, then, is esteemed\n powerful in respect of what he is able to do, and weak in\n relation to what he is unable to perform.]\n\n no q{uo}d. I. and in\n \u00feat. \u00feat euery wy\u021dt may. in \u00feat \u00feat men may holden\n hym my\u021dty. as who sei\u00fe i{n} as moche as a man is my\u021dty [[pg 113]]\n to done a \u00feing. in so moche men halden hy{m} my\u021dty. 3197\n and in \u00feat \u00feat he ne may. in \u00feat men demen hym to\n ben feble.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ That is true.]\n\n I confesse it wel q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Do you remember that I proved that the will of\n man, following different pursuits, seeks happiness only?]\n\n Remembri\u00fe \u00fee q{uo}d\n she \u00feat I. haue gadred {and} shewed by forseide resou{n}s 3200\n \u00feat al \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n} of \u00fee wil of ma{n}kynde whiche \u00feat\n is lad by diuerse studies hasti\u00fe to comen to blisfulnesse.\n \u00b6 It reme{m}bre\u00fe me wel q{uo}d I \u00feat it hath ben shewed.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3166 [_owh_]--from C.\n 3171 _good[e]_--goode\n _strong[e]_--stronge\n 3172 _desert_--dishert\n 3173 _eueryche_--eu{er}ich\n 3175 _goode_--good\n 3176 _stedfast_--stidefast\n 3177 _freelnesse_--frelenesse\n _stedfastnesse_--stidefastnesse\n 3178 _goode_--good\n 3180 _oon_--oo\n _wil_ (2)--wole\n 3185-6 _\u00feere_--ther\n 3185 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 3186 _done_--don\n 3187 _wille_--wil\n 3188 _come\u00fe_--comht\n 3189 _mayst_--MS. mayste, C. mayst\n 3191 _clere_--cler\n 3192 _denyed_--denoyed\n 3193-4 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3193 _don_ (_both_)--MS. done, C. doon\n 3194 _had_--MS. hadde, C. had\n _done_--doon\n 3196 _as moche_--so moche\n 3197 _done_--doon\n _moche_--mochel\n _halden_--halt\n 3201 _whiche_--which\n 3202 _lad_--MS. ladde, C. lad\n 3203 _it hath ben_--MS. I herde \u00fee, C. it hath ben]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE IMPOTENCY OF THE WICKED.]\n\n [Sidenote: Do you recollect too, that it has been shown that\n happiness is the supreme good of men--and all desire this good,\n since all seek happiness?]\n\n {and} recorde\u00fe \u00fee nat \u00fean q{uo}d she. \u00feat blisfulnesse is 3204\n \u00feilke same goode \u00feat men requeren.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 25 _b_.]]\n\n so \u00feat whan \u00feat\n blisfulnesse is requered *of alle. \u00feat goode [also] is\n requered {and} desired of al. It recorde\u00fe me wel q{uo}d I.\n for haue it gretly alwey ficche[d] in my memorie.\n\n [Sidenote: All men, then, good and bad, seek to acquire good?]\n\n alle 3208\n folk \u00fean q{uo}d she goode {and} eke badde enforcen he{m}\n wi\u00fe oute difference of entenc{i}ou{n} to come{n} to goode.\n \u00feat is a uerray consequence q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: And it is certain that when men obtain good they become\n good?]\n\n and certeyne is q{uo}d\n she \u00feat by \u00fee gety{n}g of goode ben men ymaked goode. 3212\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It is most certain.]\n\n \u00feis is certeyne q{uo}d. I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Do good men, then, get what they desire?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean geten goode men \u00feat \u00feei\n desiren.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It seems so.]\n\n so seme\u00fe it q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If evil men obtain the good, they can be no longer\n evil?]\n\n but wicked[e] folk q{uo}d\n she yif \u00feei geten \u00fee goode \u00feat \u00feei desire{n} \u00feei [ne]\n mowen nat ben wicked.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It is so.]\n\n so is it q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Since then both parties pursue the good, which\n only the virtuous obtain, we must believe that good men are\n powerful, and that the wicked are weak and feeble?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean so as 3216\n \u00feat oon {and} \u00feat o\u00feer [q{uod} she] desiren good. {and} \u00fee\n goode folk geten good {and} nat \u00fee wicked folk \u00b6 \u00fean\n nis it no doute \u00feat \u00fee goode folk ne ben my\u021dty {and} \u00fee\n wicked folk ben feble.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ None can doubt this, save such as either consider\n not rightly the nature of things, or are incapable of\n comprehending the force of any reasoning.]\n\n \u00b6 who so \u00feat euer q{uo}d I 3220\n doute\u00fe of \u00feis. he ne may nat considre \u00fee nature of\n \u00fei{n}ges. ne \u00fee consequence of resou{n}. and ouer \u00feis q{uo}d she.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3205-6 _goode_--good\n 3206 [_also_]--from C.\n 3207 _al_--alle\n _It----I_--it ne recordeth me nat q{uod} I\n 3210-12(1)-15 _goode_--good\n 3214 _wicked[e]_--wikkede\n 3215 [_ne_]--from C.\n 3216 _mowen_--mowe\n 3217 [_quod she_]--from C.\n 3218 _wicked_--wilk{e} (? wikke)\n 3220 _wicked_--wikkede]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE WICKED DO NOT SEEK ARIGHT THE SUPREME GOOD.]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If two beings have the same end in view--and one\n of them accomplishes his purpose by the use of natural means,\n while the other not using legitimate means does not attain his\n end--which of these two is the most powerful?]\n\n \u00b6 yif \u00feat \u00feer ben two \u00feinges \u00feat han o same 3223\n p{ur}pos by kynde. {and} \u00feat one of he{m} p{ur}sue\u00fe {and} p{er}forme\u00fe\n \u00feilke same \u00feinge by naturel office. {and} \u00feat o\u00feer\n ne may nat done \u00feilk naturel office. but folwe\u00fe by\n o\u00feer manere \u00fean is couenable to nat{ur}e \u00b6 Hym \u00feat\n acomplisi\u00fe hys p{ur}pos kyndely.\n {and} \u021dit he ne acomplisi\u00fe [[pg 114]]\n nat hys owen purpos. whe\u00feer of \u00feise two demest 3229\n \u00feou for more my\u021dty.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Illustrate your meaning more clearly.]\n\n \u00b6 yif \u00feat I coniecte q{uo}d .I. \u00feat\n \u00feou wilt seye algates. \u021dit I desire to herkene it more\n pleynely of \u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ The motion of walking is natural to man? And this\n motion is the natural office of the feet? Do you grant this?]\n\n \u00feou nilt nat \u00fean denye q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00fee 3232\n moeueme{n}t\u021d of goynge nis in men by kynde. no for so\u00fee\n q{uo}d I. ne \u00feou ne doutest nat q{uo}d she \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke naturel\n office of goynge ne be \u00fee office of feet.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I do.]\n\n I ne doute\n it nat q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If, then, he who is able to use his feet walks,\n whilst another lacking this power creeps on his hands--surely he\n that is able to move naturally upon his feet is more powerful than\n he who cannot.]\n\n \u00fean q{uo}d she yif \u00feat a wy\u021dt be my\u021dty to 3236\n moeue {and} go\u00fe vpon hys feet. and ano\u00feer to whom\n \u00feilke naturel office of feet lakke\u00fe. enforce\u00fe hym to gone\n crepynge vpo{n} hys handes. \u00b6 whiche of \u00feise two au\u021dte\n to ben holden more my\u021dty by ry\u021dt. knyt fur\u00fee \u00fee remenaunt 3240\n q{uo}d I. \u00b6 For no wy\u021dt ne doute\u00fe \u00feat he \u00feat\n may gone by nat{ur}el office of feet. ne be more my\u021dty\n \u00fean he \u00feat ne may nat\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ The good and bad seek the supreme good: the good\n by the natural means of virtue--the wicked by gratifying divers\n desires of earthly things (which is not the natural way of\n obtaining it).]\n\n \u00b6 but \u00fee souereyne good q{uo}d\n she \u00feat is euenlyche p{ur}posed to \u00fee good folk {and} to 3244\n badde. \u00fee good folke seken it by naturel office of\n uertues. {and} \u00fee shrewes enforcen hem to geten it by\n dyuerse couetise of er\u00feely \u00feinges. whiche \u00feat nis no\n naturel office to geten \u00feilke same souereyne goode. 3248\n\n [Sidenote: Do you think otherwise?]\n\n trowest \u00feou \u00feat it be any o\u00feer wyse.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ The consequence is plain, and that follows from\n what has been granted--that the good are powerful, while the\n wicked are feeble.]\n\n nay q{uo}d .I. for \u00fee\n co{n}seque{n}ce is open {and} shewynge of \u00feinges \u00feat I haue\n graunted. \u00b6 \u00feat nedes goode folk moten ben my\u021dty.\n {and} shrewes feble {and} vnmy\u021dty.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ You rightly anticipate me; for it is a good sign,\n as physicians well know, when Nature exerts herself and resists\n the malady.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feou rennest ary\u021dt 3252\n byfore me q{uo}d she. {and} \u00feis is \u00fee iugement \u00feat is to\n seyn. \u00b6 I iuge of \u00fee ry\u021dt as \u00feise leches ben wont forto\n hopen of seke folk whan \u00feei ap{er}ceyuen \u00feat nature is\n redressed {and} wi\u00festonde\u00fe to \u00fee maladie.\n\n [Sidenote: But, as you are so quick of apprehension, I shall\n continue this mode of reasoning.]\n\n \u00b6 But for I 3256\n see \u00fee now al redy to \u00fee vndirstandynge I shal shewe\n \u00fee more \u00feilke {and} continuel resou{n}s.\n\n [Sidenote: The weakness of the wicked is conspicuous--they cannot\n attain the end to which their natural disposition prompts and\n almost compels them; what would become of them without this\n natural prompting, so powerful and irresistible?]\n\n \u00b6 For loke now\n how gretly shewi\u00fe \u00fee feblesse {and} infirmite of wicked [[pg 115]]\n folke. \u00feat ne mowen nat come to \u00feat hire naturel 3260\n entenc{i}ou{n} lede\u00fe hem. {and} \u021ditte almost \u00feilk naturel\n entenc{i}ou{n} constreine\u00fe hem. \u00b6 and what wer{e} to deme\n \u00fean of shrewes. yif \u00feilke naturel helpe hadde for-leten\n hem. \u00b6 \u00fee whiche naturel helpe of entenc{i}ou{n} go\u00fe alwey 3264\n byforne hem. {and} is so grete \u00feat vnne\u00fe it may be\n ou{er}comen.\n\n [Sidenote: Consider how great is the impotence of the wicked. (The\n greater the things desired, but unaccomplished, the less is the\n power of him that desires, and is unable to attain his end.)]\n\n \u00b6 Considre \u00fean how gret defaute of power\n {and} how gret feblesse \u00feere is in grete felonous folk as\n who sei\u00fe \u00fee gretter \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat ben coueited {and} \u00fee desire 3268\n nat accomplissed of \u00fee lasse my\u021dt is he \u00feat coueite\u00fe it\n {and} may nat acomplisse. \u00b6 And for\u00fei philosophie sei\u00fe\n \u00feus by souereyne good.\n\n [Sidenote: The wicked seek after no trivial things--which they\n fail to obtain; but they aspire in vain to the sovereign good,\n which they endeavour day and night to obtain.]\n\n \u00b6 Sherewes ne requere nat\n ly\u021dt[e] medes ne veyne gaines whiche \u00feei ne may nat 3272\n folwen ne holden. but \u00feei fayle{n} of \u00feilke some of \u00fee\n hey\u021dte of \u00feinges \u00feat is to seyne souereyne good. ne \u00feise\n wrecches ne comen nat to \u00fee effect of souereyne good.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 26.]]\n\n *\u00fee whiche \u00feei enforcen hem oonly to gete{n} by ny\u021dtes 3276\n {and} by dayes.\n\n [Sidenote: The good attain the end of their desires, and therein\n their power is manifested.]\n\n \u00b6 In \u00fee getyn[g] of whiche goode \u00fee\n streng\u00fee of good folk. is ful wel ysen.\n\n [Sidenote: For as you deem him a good walker that goes to the end\n of his journey, so you must esteem him powerful that attains his\n desires, beyond which there is nothing to desire.]\n\n For ry\u021dt so as\n \u00fe{o}u my\u021dtest demen hym my\u021dty of goynge \u00feat go\u00fe on\n hys feet til he my\u021dt[e] come to \u00feilke place fro \u00fee whiche 3280\n place \u00feere ne lay no wey for\u00feer to be gon. Ry\u021dt so\n most \u00feou nedes demen hym for ry\u021dt my\u021dty \u00feat geti\u00fe\n {and} atteini\u00fe to \u00fee ende of alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben to desire.\n by-\u021donde \u00fee whiche ende \u00feat \u00feer nis no \u00feing to desire. 3284\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3226 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 3229 _owen_--owne\n 3231 _wilt_--wolt\n _herkene_--herkne\n 3232 _pleynely_--pleynly\n _denye_--denoye\n 3233 _moeuement\u021d_--Moeuement\n 3237 _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee\n _hys_--hise\n 3238 _gone_--goon\n 3239 _hys_--hise\n _whiche_--which\n 3240 _more_--the Moore\n _fur\u00fee_--forth\n 3242 _gone_--gon\n 3245 _good_--goode\n 3246 _uertues_--vertuus\n 3247 _whiche_--which\n 3248 _goode_--good\n 3253 _byfore_--by-forn\n 3254 _forto_--to\n 3255 _seke_--sike\n 3259 _wicked_--wikkede\n 3260 _come_--comyn\n 3261 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 3262 _deme_--demen\n 3263-4 _helpe_--help\n 3264 _whiche_--which\n _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee\n 3265 _grete_--gret\n _vnne\u00fe_--vnnethe\n _be ouercomen_--ben ou{er}come\n 3267 _\u00feere_--ther\n _grete_--wikkede\n 3268 _\u00feinges_--thing\n _ben_--is\n 3271 _Sherewes ne requere_--ne shrewes ne requeren\n 3272 _ly\u021dt[e]_--lyhte\n _veyne_--veyn\n _nat_--omitted\n 3276 _whiche_--which\n 3277 _getyn[g]_--getinge\n _whiche goode_--which good\n 3278 _ysen_--MS. and C. ysene\n 3279 _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee\n 3280 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 3281 _\u00feere_--ther\n _lay_--laye\n _for\u00feer_--forthere\n _be_--ben\n 3283 _desire_--desired\n 3284 _\u00feat_--omitted]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE WICKED HAVE NO REAL EXISTENCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Wicked men, then, are destitute of those powers which\n the good so amply possess.]\n\n \u00b6 Of whiche power of good folk men may conclude \u00feat\n wicked men semen to ben bareyne {and} naked of alle\n streng\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: Wherefore do they leave virtue, and follow vice? Is it\n because they are ignorant of good?]\n\n For whi forleten \u00feei v{er}tues {and} folwen\n vices. nis it nat for \u00feat \u00feei ne knowen nat \u00fee goodes. 3288\n\n [Sidenote: What is more weak and base than the blindness of\n ignorance? Or do they know the way they ought to follow, but are\n led astray by lust and covetousness?]\n\n \u00b6 But what \u00feing is more feble {and} more caitif \u00fean is \u00fee [[pg 116]]\n blyndenesse of ignoraunce. or ellys \u00feei knowen ful wel\n whiche \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei au\u021dten to folwen \u00b6 but lecherye\n {and} couetise ouer\u00ferowe\u00fe hem mysturned.\n\n [Sidenote: And so, indeed, weak-minded men are overpowered by\n intemperance, for they cannot resist vicious temptations.]\n\n \u00b6 and certis 3292\n so do\u00fe distemp{er}aunce to feble men. \u00feat ne mowe{n} nat\n wrastle a\u021deins \u00fee vices\n\n [Sidenote: Do they willingly desert Good and turn to Evil? If they\n do so, they not only cease to be powerful, but even cease to\n exist.]\n\n \u00b6 Ne knowen \u00feei nat \u00fean wel\n \u00feat \u00feei foreleten \u00fee good wilfully. {and} turnen hem vilfully\n to vices. \u00b6 And in \u00feis wise \u00feei ne forleten nat 3296\n oonly to ben my\u021dty. but \u00feei forleten al outerly in any\n wise forto ben\n\n [Sidenote: For those who neglect the common end of all beings,\n cease to exist.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feei \u00feat forleten \u00fee comune fyn of\n alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben. \u00feei for-leten also \u00feerwi\u00fe al forto\n ben.\n\n [Sidenote: You may marvel that I assert that the wicked, the\n majority of the human race, have no existence--but it is, however,\n most true.]\n\n and p{er}auenture it sholde semen to som folk \u00feat 3300\n \u00feis were a merueile to seyne \u00feat shrewes whiche \u00feat\n contienen \u00fee more p{ar}tie of me{n} ne ben nat. ne han no\n beynge. \u00b6 but na\u00feeles it is so. {and} \u00feus stant \u00feis \u00feing\n\n [Sidenote: That the wicked are bad I do not deny--but I do not\n admit that they have any real existence.]\n\n for \u00feei \u00feat ben shrewes I denye nat \u00feat \u00feei ben shrewes. 3304\n but I denye {and} sey[e] symplely and pleynly \u00feat \u00feei\n [ne] ben nat. ne han no beynge.\n\n [Sidenote: You may call a corpse a dead man, but you cannot with\n propriety call it a man.]\n\n for ry\u021dt as \u00feou my\u021dtest\n seyn of \u00fee careyne of a man \u00feat it were a ded man.\n \u00b6 but \u00feou ne my\u021dtest nat symplely callen it a man. 3308\n\n [Sidenote: So the vicious are profligate men, but I cannot confess\n they absolutely exist.]\n\n \u00b6 So graunt[e] I wel for so\u00fee \u00feat vicious folk ben\n wicked. but I ne may nat graunten absolutely {and}\n symplely \u00feat \u00feei ben.\n\n [Sidenote: That thing exists that preserves its rank, nature, and\n constitution, but when it loses these essentials it ceases to be.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feilk \u00feing \u00feat wi\u00fe\n holde\u00fe ordre {and} kepi\u00fe nature. \u00feilk \u00feing is {and} ha\u00fe 3312\n beynge. but \u00feat \u00feing \u00feat faile\u00fe of \u00feat. \u00feat is to seyne\n he \u00fe{a}t forleti\u00fe naturel ordre he for-leti\u00fe \u00feilk beyng\n \u00feat is set in hys nature.\n\n [Sidenote: But, you may say that the wicked have a _power_ to act,\n nor do I deny it; but their power is an effect of weakness.]\n\n but \u00feou wolt sein \u00feat shrewes\n mowen. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feat ne denye I nat. \u00b6 but certys 3316\n hir power ne descende\u00fe nat of streng\u00fee but of feblesse.\n\n [Sidenote: They can do evil, but this they could not do, if they\n retained the power of doing good.]\n\n for \u00feei mowen don wickednesses. \u00fee whiche \u00feei ne\n my\u021dten nat don yif \u00feei my\u021dte{n} dwelle in \u00fee forme {and}\n in \u00fee doynge of goode folke. [[pg 117]]\n\n [Sidenote: This power, then, clearly shows their impotence.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feilke power 3320\n shewe\u00fe ful euydently \u00feat \u00feei ne mowen ry\u021dt nau\u021dt.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3285 _whiche_--the which\n _\u00feat_--\u00fe{a}t the\n 3286 _ben_--be\n 3291 _au\u021dten to folwen_--owhten folwe\n 3293 _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee, C. doth\n 3394 _wrastle_--wrastlen\n 3295 _vilfully_--wilsfully\n 3297 _outerly_--owtrely\n 3301 _seyne_--seyen\n 3304-5 _denye_--denoye\n 3305 _sey[e] symplely_--seye sympeli\n 3306 [_ne_]--from C.\n 3307 _seyn_--seyen\n 3309 _graunt[e]_--graunte\n 3311-12 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 3312 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3313 _\u00feat_ (1)--what\n _seyne_--seyn\n 3314 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 3315 _set_--MS. sette, C. set\n 3316 _denye_--denoye\n 3318 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 3319 _my\u021dten_ (1)--myhte\n _dwelle_--dwellin\n 3320 _goode_--good]\n\n [Headnote:\n POWER, AN ATTRIBUTE OF THE CHIEF GOOD.]\n\n [Sidenote: For as evil is nothing, it is clear that while the\n wicked can only do evil they can do nothing.]\n\n \u00b6 For so as I haue gadered {and} p{ro}ued a lytel her byforn\n \u00feat yuel is nau\u021dt. {and} so as shrewes mowen oonly\n but shrewednesse. \u00feis conclusiou{n} is al clere. \u00feat 3324\n shrewes ne mowen ry\u021dt nat to han power.\n\n [Sidenote: That you may understand the force of this power, I have\n proved that nothing is more powerful than the sovereign good.]\n\n and for as\n moche as \u00feou vndirstonde whiche is \u00fee streng\u00fee \u00feat is\n power of shrewes. I haue diffinised a lytel here byforn\n \u00feat no \u00feing nis so my\u021dty as souereyne good\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ That is true.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feat is 3328\n so\u00fee q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ And that supreme good can do no evil?]\n\n [{and} thilke same souereyn good may don\n non yuel //\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Certainly not.]\n\n Certes no q{uod} I]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Is there any one who thinks that man can do all\n things?]\n\n \u00b6 Is \u00feer any wy\u021dt \u00fean\n q{uo}d she \u00feat weni\u00fe \u00feat men mowen don alle \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No sane man can think so.]\n\n No man q{uo}d .I. but yif he be out of hys witte.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ But men may do evil.]\n\n \u00b6 but 3332\n certys sherewes mowen do\u00f1 yuel q{uo}d she.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I would to God they could not.]\n\n \u00b6 \u021de wolde\n god q{uo}d I \u00feat \u00feei ne my\u021dte{n} don none.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Since he that can do good, can do all things, and\n he that has power to do evil cannot do all things, therefore the\n evil-doers are less powerful.]\n\n \u00feat q{uo}d she\n so as he \u00feat is my\u021dty to done oonly but good[e] \u00feinges\n may don alle \u00feinges. and \u00feei \u00feat ben my\u021dty to done 3336\n yuel[e] \u00feinges ne mowen nat alle \u00feinges. \u00fean is \u00feis open\n \u00feing {and} manifest \u00feat \u00feei \u00fe{a}t mowe{n} don yuel ben of\n lasse power.\n\n [Sidenote: Let me add too that _power_ is one of the things to be\n desired, and that all such things are to be referred to the chief\n good (the perfection of their nature).]\n\n and \u021ditte to p{ro}ue \u00feis conclusiou{n} \u00feere\n helpe\u00fe me \u00feis \u00feat I haue shewed here byforne. \u00feat al 3340\n power is to be nou{m}bred amonge \u00feinges \u00feat men au\u021dten\n requere. {and} haue shewed \u00feat alle \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat au\u021dten ben\n desired ben referred to good ry\u021dt as to a manere hey\u021dte\n of hyr nature.\n\n [Sidenote: But the power of doing evil has no relation to that\n Good, therefore it is not desirable; but as all power is\n desirable, it is clear that the ability to do evil is not power.]\n\n \u00b6 But for to mowen don yuel {and} 3344\n felonye ne may nat ben referred to good. \u00fean nis nat\n yuel of \u00fee nou{m}bre of \u00feinges \u00feat au\u021dte{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 26 _b_.]]\n\n *be desired. but\n al power au\u021dt[e] ben desired {and} requered. \u00b6 \u00fean is\n it open {and} cler \u00feat \u00fee power ne \u00fee moeuyng of shrewes 3348\n nis no powere.\n\n [Sidenote: It clearly follows from this reasoning, that the good\n only are powerful while the vicious are feeble.]\n\n {and} of alle \u00feise \u00feinges it shewe\u00fe wel \u00feat\n \u00fee goode folk ben certeynly my\u021dty. {and} \u00fee shrewes ben [[pg 118]]\n douteles vnmy\u021dty\n\n [Sidenote: And Plato\u2019s opinion is hereby verified that the _wise_\n only have the power to do what they desire; the wicked may follow\n the dictates of their lusts, but their great aim and desire,\n _i.\u00a0e._ HAPPINESS, they can never attain.]\n\n \u00b6 And it is clere {and} open \u00feat \u00feilke\n sentence of plato is uerray {and} so\u00fee. \u00fe{a}t sey\u00fe \u00feat oonly 3352\n wiseme{n} may [doon] \u00feat \u00feei desiren. {and} shrewes\n mowen haunten \u00feat hem lyke\u00fe. but \u00feat \u00feei desiren \u00feat\n is to seyne to comen to souereyne good \u00feei ne han no\n power to acomplissen \u00feat.\n\n [Sidenote: The wicked may gratify their desires, thinking to\n attain the chief good (for which they wish), but they can never\n possess it, for impiety and vice can never be crowned with\n happiness.]\n\n \u00b6 For shrewes don \u00feat hem 3356\n list whan by \u00feo \u00feinges in whiche \u00feei deliten \u00feei wenen\n to atteyne to \u00feilke good \u00feat \u00feei desiren. but \u00feei ne geten\n ne atteynen nat \u00feer to. \u00b6 for vices ne comen nat to\n blisfulnesse. 3360\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3324 _shrewednesse_--shrewednesses\n _clere_--cleer\n 3325 _nat----power_--nawht ne han no power\n 3326 _whiche_--which\n _\u00feat is_--of this\n 3327 _here_--her\n 3328 _nis_--is\n 3329 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 3329, 3330 [_and thilke----quod I_]--from C.\n 3334 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n _none \u00feat_--non thanne\n 3335 _done_--doon\n _good[e]_--goode\n 3336 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n _done_--don\n 3337 _yuel[e]_--yuele\n _\u00feis_--it\n 3338 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 3339 _\u021ditte_--yit\n _\u00feere_--ther\n 3340 _shewed here byforne_--Ishewed her by-forn\n _al_--alle\n 3341 _amonge_--among\n 3344 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 3346 _au\u021dten be_--owhte ben\n 3347 _al_--alle\n _au\u021dt[e]_--owhte\n 3351 _clere_--cler\n 3352 _so\u00fee_--soth\n _\u00feat sey\u00fe_--MS. but si\u00fee, C. \u00fe{a}t seyth\n 3353 [_doon_]--from C.\n 3355 _seyne_--seyn\n 3357 _whiche_--which]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE WICKED ARE UNHAPPY.]\n\nQUOS UIDES SEDERE CELSOS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ij^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Whosoever might strip of their purple coverings, proud\n kings, who, surrounded by their guards, sit on lofty thrones, and\n whose stern looks wear fierce threatenings, and boiling breasts\n breathe fury; would see those mighty lords inwardly fettered, and\n tormented by lust, passion, grief, and delusive hopes.]\n\n ++Who so \u00feat \u00fee couertures of her veyn apparailes\n my\u021dt[e] strepen of \u00feise proude kynges \u00feat \u00feou\n seest sitten on hey\u021de in her chayeres glyterynge in\n shynynge purpre envyroned wi\u00fe sorweful arm{ur}es 3364\n manasyng wi\u00fe cruel mou\u00fee. blowyng by woodnesse of\n herte. \u00b6 He sholde se \u00fean \u00feat ilke lordes beren wi\u00fe\n i{n}ne hir corages ful streyte cheynes for leccherye tormenti\u00fe\n he{m} on \u00feat oon syde wi\u00fe gredy venyms {and} 3368\n troublable Ire \u00feat araise\u00fe in hem \u00fee floodes of troublynges\n tourmenti\u00fe vpon \u00feat o\u00feer side hir \u00feou\u021dt. or sorwe halt\n he{m} wery or ycau\u021dt. or slidyng {and} disseyuyng hope\n tourmenti\u00fe hem.\n\n [Sidenote: Since, then, so many tyrants bear sway over one\n head--that lord, oppressed by so many masters (i.\u00a0e. vices), is\n weak and feeble, and his actions are not obedient to his will.]\n\n And \u00feerfore syn \u00feou seest on heed. 3372\n \u00feat is to seyne oon tyraunt bere so many[e] tyrauntis.\n \u00fea{n} ne do\u00fe \u00feilk tyraunt nat \u00feat he desiri\u00fe. syn he\n is cast doune wi\u00fe so many[e] wicked lordes. \u00feat is to\n seyn wi\u00fe so many[e] vices. \u00feat han so wicked lordshipes 3376\n ouer hym.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3361-63 _her_--hir\n 3362 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 3363 _hey\u021de_--heygh\n 3364 _sorweful_--sorwful\n 3365 _mou\u00fee_--Mowth\n 3366 _se_--seen\n _ilke_--thilke\n 3368 _on_--in\n 3369 _hem_--hym\n 3371 _disseyuyng_--deceyuynge\n 3373 _seyne_--seyn\n _bere_--beeren\n 3373-75-76 _many[e]_--manye\n 3373 _tyrauntis_--tyranyes\n 3374 _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee\n _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 3375 _doune_--down\n _wicked_--wikkede\n 3376 _wicked_--wikkedly]\n\n\n [[pg 119]]\n [Headnote:\n THEY DO NOT ESCAPE PUNISHMENT.]\n\nVIDES NE IGITUR QUANTO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The iij.^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: See you not in how great and filthy a mire the wicked\n wallow?]\n\n ++SEest \u00feou nat \u00fean in how gret fil\u00fee \u00feise shrewes ben\n ywrapped. {and} wi\u00fe whiche cleernesse \u00feise good\n folk shynen.\n\n [Sidenote: This is a proof that good folks do not go unrewarded,\n nor do the evil-doers escape punishment.]\n\n In \u00feis shewe\u00fe it wel \u00feat to good folk ne 3380\n lakke\u00fe neuer mo hir medes. ne shrewes ne lakken\n neuer mo to{ur}mentis.\n\n [Sidenote: Every action is done for a certain end, and that end is\n the reward of the action.]\n\n for of alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben ydon\n \u00feilke \u00feing for whiche any \u00feing is doon. it seme\u00fe as by\n ry\u021dt \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing be \u00fee mede of \u00feat. as \u00feus. \u00b6 yif a 3384\n man renne\u00fe in \u00fee stadie or in \u00fee forlonge for \u00fee corone.\n \u00fean lie\u00fe \u00fee mede in \u00fee corone for whiche he renne\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: But Happiness is that good for which all things are\n done. Therefore happiness is the reward which all the human race\n seek as the reward of their actions.]\n\n \u00b6 And I haue shewed \u00feat blisfulnesse is \u00feilke same\n good for whiche \u00feat alle \u00fei{n}g{us} ben don. \u00fean is \u00feilke 3388\n same good p{ur}posed to \u00fee werkes of mankynde ry\u021dt as\n a comune mede.\n\n [Sidenote: This good is inseparable from the virtuous, therefore\n virtue can never want its reward.]\n\n whiche mede ne may ben disseuered\n fro good folk. for no wy\u021dt as by ry\u021dt fro \u00feennes for\u00fee\n \u00fe{a}t hym lakki\u00fe goodnesse ne shal ben cleped good. 3392\n For whiche \u00feing folk of good[e] maneres her medes ne\n forsaken hem neuer mo.\n\n [Sidenote: Evil men may rage as they please against the good, but\n the crown of the wise shall not fall nor fade.]\n\n For al be it so \u00feat sherewes\n waxen as wood as hem list a\u021deynes good[e] folk. \u021ditte\n neuer \u00fee les \u00fee corone of wise men ne shal nat fallen 3396\n ne faden.\n\n [Sidenote: The wickedness of another cannot deprive a virtuous\n soul of its own honour.]\n\n \u00b6 For foreine shrewednesse ne bynyme\u00fe\n nat fro \u00fee corages of good[e] folk hire p{ro}pre honoure.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3379 _whiche_--which\n 3380 _good_--goode\n 3381 _ne_ (2)--omitted\n 3383 _whiche_--which\n 3385 _forlonge_--forlong\n 3386-88-90 _whiche_--which\n 3391 _for\u00fee_--forth\n 3393 _whiche_--which\n _good[e]_--goode\n 3395 _wood_--woode\n _good[e]_--goode\n 3396 _les_--leese\n _ne_--omitted\n 3398 _good[e]_--goode]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE REWARD OF THE GOOD.]\n\n [Sidenote: If a man pride himself on the possession of an\n advantage received from another, he may be deprived of it, either\n by the giver or by others.]\n\n but yif \u00feat any wy\u021dt reioise\u00fe hem of goodnesse \u00feat \u00feei\n had[de] taken fro wi\u00feoute. as who sei\u00fe yif [\u00fe{a}t] any 3400\n wy\u021dt had[de] hys goodnesse of any o\u00feer man \u00fean of\n hym self. certys he \u00feat \u021daf hym \u00feilke goodnesse or\n ellys som o\u00feer wy\u021dt my\u021dt[e] bynym[e] it hym.\n\n [Sidenote: But, as the reward of the virtuous is derived from\n virtue, a man cannot lose this meed unless he ceases to be\n virtuous.]\n\n but for\n as moche as to euery wy\u021dt hys owen p{ro}pre bounte 3404\n \u021deue\u00fe hy{m} hys mede. \u00fean at arst shal he faylen of\n mede whan he forleti\u00fe to ben good.\n\n [Sidenote: Lastly, since a reward is desired because it is\n supposed to be a good, can we believe that he who is capable of\n good is deprived of the recompence?]\n\n {and} at \u00fee laste so\n as alle medes be{n} requered for men wenen \u00feat \u00feei ben\n good[e]. who is he \u00feat wolde deme \u00feat he \u00feat is ry\u021dt [[pg 120]]\n my\u021dty of goode were p{ar}tles of mede. 3409\n\n [Sidenote: What reward shall he receive?]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 27.]]\n\n *{and} of what\n mede shal he be gerdoned.\n\n [Sidenote: Certainly the fairest and richest of all rewards.]\n\n certys of ry\u021dt faire mede\n {and} ry\u021dt greet abouen alle medes.\n\n [Sidenote: Call to mind that excellent corollary I have already\n given thee, and reason thus:--]\n\n \u00b6 Remembre \u00fee of\n \u00feilk noble corolarie \u00feat I \u021daf \u00fee a lytel here byforne. 3412\n {and} gadre it to gidre in \u00feis manere.\n\n [Sidenote: Since the supreme good is happiness, it follows that\n all good men are happy in as much as they are good; but if they\n are happy they must become as it were gods.]\n\n so as god hym self\n is blisfulnesse. \u00fean is it clere {and} certeyn. \u00feat alle good\n folk ben makid blisful for \u00feei ben good[e]. and \u00feilke\n folk \u00feat ben blisful it accordi\u00fe {and} is couenable to ben 3416\n godde[s].\n\n [Sidenote: The reward (_i. e._ divinity) of the righteous is such\n that no time can impair it, no power can diminish it, nor can any\n wickedness obscure it.]\n\n \u00fean is \u00fee mede of goode folk swiche. \u00feat no\n day [ne] shal enpeyren it. ne no wickednesse shal endirken\n it. ne power of no wy\u021dt ne shal nat amenusen it\n \u00feat is to seyn to ben maked goddes.\n\n [Sidenote: Since, then, happiness belongs to good men, punishment\n inseparably attends the wicked.]\n\n \u00b6 and syn it is 3420\n \u00feus \u00feat goode men ne faylen neuer mo of hir{e} medes.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3399 _reioise\u00fe_--reioyse\n _hem_--hym\n _\u00feei had[de]_--he hadde\n 3400 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 3401 _had[de]_--hadde\n 3402 _self_--MS. selk\n 3403 _my\u021dt[e] bynym[e]_--myhte be-nyme\n 3404 _owen_--owne\n 3406 _laste_--last\n 3408 _good[e]_--goode\n _wolde_--nolde\n 3409 _goode_--good\n _of_ (2)--of the\n 3411 _greet_--grete\n 3412 _here byforne_--her by-forn\n 3413 _god_--good\n 3414 _is_ (1)--his\n _clere_--cleer\n 3415 _good[e]_--goode\n 3417 _godde[s]_--goddes\n _swiche_--swich\n 3418 [_ne_]--from C.\n _endirken_--derken]\n\n [Headnote:\n VIRTUE EXALTS MANKIND.]\n\n \u00b6 certys no wise man ne may doute of \u00fee vndep{ar}table\n peyne of shrewes. \u00b6 \u00feat is to seyn \u00feat \u00fee peyne of\n shrewes ne dep{ar}ti\u00fe nat from hem self neuer mo. 3424\n\n [Sidenote: For since _good_ and _evil_ are contraries, so are\n _rewards_ and _punishments_.]\n\n \u00b6 For so as goode {and} yuel {and} peyne {and} medes ben\n contrarie it mot nedes ben \u00fe{a}t ry\u021dt as we seen by-tiden\n in gerdou{n} of goode.\n\n [Sidenote: It is evident that rewards follow good actions, and\n punishments attend evil actions; then as virtue itself is the\n reward of the virtuous, so vice is the punishment of the vicious.]\n\n \u00feat also mot \u00fee peyne of yuel\n answer{e} by \u00fee contrarie partye to shrewes. now \u00fean so 3428\n as bounte {and} prowesse ben \u00fee medes to goode folk.\n also is shrewednesse it self torment to shrewes\n\n [Sidenote: He who is punished with pain and uneasiness knows that\n he is afflicted with evil.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean\n who so \u00feat euer is entecched {and} defouled wi\u00fe yuel.\n\n [Sidenote: If, then, the wicked did rightly understand themselves\n they would perceive that they are not exempted from punishment.]\n\n yif shrewes wolen \u00fean p{re}isen hem self may it semen 3432\n to hem \u00feat \u00feei ben wi\u00fe oute{n} p{ar}tye of tourment.\n\n [Sidenote: Since vice, the extreme and worst kind of evil, not\n only afflicts them, but infects and entirely pollutes them.]\n\n syn \u00feei ben swiche \u00feat \u00fee [vtteriste wikkednesse / \u00fe{a}t is to\n seyn wikkede thewes / which \u00fe{a}t is the] out{er}este {and}\n \u00fee w[or]ste kynde of shrewednesse ne defouli\u00fe nat ne 3436\n entecehi\u00fe nat hem oonly but infecti\u00fe {and} enuenemy\u00fe\n he{m} gretely\n\n [Sidenote: But contemplate the punishment of the wicked.]\n\n \u00b6 And al so loke on shrewes \u00feat ben \u00fee\n contrarie p{ar}tye of goode men.\n how grete peyne felawshipe\u00fe [[pg 121]]\n {and} folwe\u00fe hem.\n\n [Sidenote: You have been taught that _unity_ is essential to being\n and is good--and all that have this unity are good; whatsoever,\n then, fails to be good ceases to exist.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feou hast lerned a litel 3440\n here byforn \u00feat al \u00fei{n}g \u00feat is {and} ha\u00fe beynge is oon.\n {and} \u00feilke same oon is good. \u00fean is \u00feis consequence \u00feat\n it seme\u00fe wel. \u00feat al \u00feat is {and} ha\u00fe bey{n}ge is good. \u00feis\n is to seyne. as who sei\u00fe \u00feat beynge {and} vnite {and} 3444\n goodnesse is al oon. {and} in \u00feis manere it folwe\u00fe \u00fean.\n \u00feat al \u00feing \u00feat faile\u00fe to ben good. it stynti\u00fe forto be.\n {and} forto haue any beynge.\n\n [Sidenote: So that it appears that evil men must cease to be what\n they were.]\n\n wher fore it is \u00feat shrewes\n stynten forto ben \u00feat \u00feei weren.\n\n [Sidenote: That they were once men, the outward form of the body,\n which still remains, clearly testifies.]\n\n but \u00feilke o\u00feer forme 3448\n of mankynde. \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee forme of \u00fee body wi\u00fe\n oute. shewi\u00fe \u021dit \u00feat \u00feise shrewes were somtyme men.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3422 _wise man_--wysman\n _\u00fee_--omitted\n _vndepartable_--MS. vndirp{ar}table, C. vndepartable\n 3423 _of_ (1)--of the\n 3428 _answere_--answery\n _\u00fee_--omitted\n 3434 [_vtteriste----is the_]--from C.\n 3438 _gretely_--gretly\n 3439 _grete_--gret\n 3441 _al_--alle\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3443 _al_--alle\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3446 _al_--alle\n 3447 _haue_--han\n 3448 _stynten_--MS. styntent\n 3450 _were somtyme_--weeren whilom]\n\n [Headnote:\n HE WHO CEASES TO BE VIRTUOUS CEASES TO BE A MAN.]\n\n [Sidenote: Wherefore, when they degenerate into wickedness they\n lose their human nature.]\n\n \u00b6 wher fore whan \u00feei ben p{er}uerted {and} torned in to\n malice. certys \u00fean han \u00feei forlorn \u00fee nature of mankynde. 3452\n\n [Sidenote: But as virtue alone exalts one man above other men, it\n is evident that vice, which divests a man of his nature, must sink\n him below humanity.]\n\n but so as oonly bounte {and} prowesse may enhawnse\n euery man ouer o\u00feer men. \u00fean mot it nedes be\n \u00feat shrewes whiche \u00feat shrewednesse ha\u00fe cast out of \u00fee\n condic{i}ou{n} of mankynde ben put vndir \u00fee merite {and} 3456\n \u00fee deserte of men.\n\n [Sidenote: You cannot, therefore, esteem him to be a man whom you\n see thus transformed by his vices.]\n\n \u00fean bitidi\u00fe it \u00feat yif \u00feou seest a\n wy\u021dt \u00feat be t{ra}nsformed in to vices. \u00feou ne mayst nat\n wene \u00feat he be a man.\n\n [Sidenote: The greedy robber, you will say, is like a _wolf_.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u021dif he [be] ardaunt in\n auarice. {and} \u00feat he be a rauyno{ur} by violence of 3460\n foreine rychesse. \u00feou shalt seyn \u00feat he is lyke to a\n wolf.\n\n [Sidenote: He who gives no rest to his abusive tongue, you may\n liken to a _hound_.]\n\n {and} yif he be felonous {and} wi\u00fe out reste {and}\n ex{er}cise hys tonge to chidynges. \u00feou shalt lykene hym\n to \u00fee hounde.\n\n [Sidenote: Does he delight in fraud and trickery? then is he like\n young _foxes_.]\n\n {and} yif he be a p{re}ue awaito{ur} yhid {and} 3464\n reioyse\u00fe hym to rauysshe by wyles. \u00feou shalt seyne\n hym lyke to \u00fee fox whelpes.\n\n [Sidenote: Is he intemperate in his anger? then men will compare\n him to a raging _lion_.]\n\n \u00b6 And yif he be distempre\n {and} quaki\u00fe for ire men shal wene \u00feat he bere\u00fe\n \u00fee corage of a lyou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: If he be a coward, he will be likened to a _hart_.]\n\n {and} yif he be dredeful {and} fleynge 3468\n and drede\u00fe \u00feinges \u00feat ne au\u021dten nat ben dred. men\n shal holde hym lyke to \u00fee h{er}te. [[pg 122]]\n\n [Sidenote: If he be slow, dull, and lazy, then is he like an\n _ass_.]\n\n {and} yif he be slowe\n {and} astoned {and} lache. he lyue\u00fe as an asse.\n\n [Sidenote: Is he fickle and inconstant? Then is he like a _bird_.]\n\n {and} yif he\n be ly\u021dt {and} vnstedfast of corage {and} chaunge\u00fe ay his 3472\n studies. he is lickened to briddes.\n\n [Sidenote: Doth he wallow in filthy lusts? Then doth he roll\n himself in the mire like a nasty _sow_.]\n\n \u00b6 {and} yif he be\n plounged in foule {and} vnclene luxuries. he is wi\u00feholden\n in \u00fee foule delices of \u00fee foule soowe.\n\n [Sidenote: It follows, then, that he who ceases to be virtuous,\n ceases to be a man; and, since he cannot attain divinity, he is\n turned into a beast.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean folwe\u00fe it\n \u00feat he \u00feat forleti\u00fe bountee {and} prowesse. he forleti\u00fe to 3476\n ben a man. syn he ne may nat passe in to \u00fee condic{i}ou{n}\n of god. he is tourned in to a beest.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3452 _forlorn_--MS. forlorne, C. forlorn\n 3453 _as_--omitted\n _enhawnse_--enhawsen\n 3455 _whiche_--which\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3459 [_be_]--from C.\n 3464 _yhid_--MS. yhidde, C. I-hidd\n 3465 _seyne_--seyn\n 3468 _dredeful_--dredful\n 3469 _ben_--to ben\n _dred_--MS. dredde, C. dredd\n 3470 _holde_--holden\n _lyke_--lyk\n _herte_--hert\n _slowe_--slowh\n 3472 _vnstedfast_--vnstidefast\n _his_--hise\n 3475 _\u00fean_--MS. \u00feat, C. thanne\n 3477 _passe_--passen]\n\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 27 _b_.]]\n\n*V[E]LA NARICII DUCIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Ulysses was driven by the eastern winds upon the shores\n of that isle where Circe dwelt, who, having entertained her guests\n with magic draughts, transformed them into divers shapes--one into\n a boar, another into a lion;]\n\n ++Evrus \u00fee wynde aryue\u00fe \u00fee sayles of vlixes duc of \u00fee\n contre of narice. {and} hys wandryng shippes by \u00fee 3480\n see in to \u00fee isle \u00feere as Circe \u00fee fayre goddesse dou\u021dter\n of \u00fee sonne dwelle\u00fe \u00feat medly\u00fe to hir newe gestes\n drynkes \u00feat ben touched {and} maked wi\u00fe enchau{n}tment\u021d.\n {and} after \u00feat hir hande my\u021dty of \u00fee herbes 3484\n had[de] chau{n}ged hir gestes i{n} to dyuerse maneres. \u00feat\n oon of hem is couered his face wi\u00fe forme of a boor. \u00feat\n o\u00feer is chau{n}ged in to a lyou{n} of \u00fee contre of marmorike.\n {and} his nayles {and} his te\u00fee wexen.\n\n [Sidenote: some into howling wolves, and others into Indian\n tigers.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feat 3488\n o\u00feer of hem is newliche chaunged in to a wolf. {and}\n howeli\u00fe whan he wolde wepe. \u00feat o\u00feer go\u00fe debonairly\n in \u00fee house as a tigre of Inde.\n\n [Sidenote: But Mercury, the Arcadian god, rescued Ulysses from the\n Circean charms. Yet his mariners, having drunk of her infected\n drinks, were changed to swine, and fed on acorns.]\n\n but al be it so \u00feat \u00fee\n godhed of mercurie \u00feat is cleped \u00fee bride of arcadie ha\u00fe 3492\n had mercie of \u00fee duc vlixes byseged wi\u00fe diu{er}se yueles\n {and} ha\u00fe vnbounden hym fro \u00fee pestilence of hys\n oosteresse algates \u00fee rowers {and} \u00fee maryners hadden by\n \u00feis ydrawen in to hir mou\u00fees {and} dronken \u00fee wicked[e] 3496\n drynkes \u00feei \u00feat were woxen swyne hadden by \u00feis [[pg 123]]\n chau{n}ged hire mete of brede forto ete acorns of ookes.\n\n [Sidenote: All traces of the human form were lost, and they were\n bereft of speech.]\n\n non of hir lymes ne dwelli\u00fe wi\u00fe he{m} hoole. but\n \u00feei han lost \u00fee voys {and} \u00fee body.\n\n [Sidenote: Their souls, unchanged, bewailed their dreadful fate.]\n\n Oonly hir{e} \u00feou\u021dt 3500\n dwelle\u00fe wi\u00fe hem stable \u00fe{a}t wepi\u00fe {and} bywaili\u00fe \u00fee\n monstruous chaungynge \u00feat \u00feei suffren.\n\n [Sidenote: O most weak, are Circe\u2019s powers compared with the\n potency of vice, to transform the human shape!]\n\n \u00b6 O ouer ly\u021dt\n hand. as who sei\u00fe. \u00b6 O feble {and} ly\u021dt is \u00fee hand of\n Circes \u00fee enchaunteresse \u00feat chaunge\u00fe \u00fee bodies of folk 3504\n in to bestes to regarde {and} to co{m}parisou{n} of mutac{i}ou{n}\n \u00feat is makid by vices.\n\n [Sidenote: Circe\u2019s herbs may change the body, but cannot touch the\n mind, the inward strength of man.]\n\n ne \u00fee herbes of circes ne ben nat\n my\u021dty. for al be it so \u00feat \u00feei may chau{n}gen \u00fee lymes\n of \u00fee body. \u00b6 algates \u021dit \u00feei may nat chau{n}ge \u00fee 3508\n hertes. for wi\u00fe inne is yhid \u00fee streng\u00fee {and} \u00fee vigour\n of me{n} in \u00fee secre toure of hire hertys. \u00feat is to seyn\n \u00fee streng\u00fee of resou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: But vice is more potent than Circe\u2019s poisonous charms.]\n\n but \u00feilke uenyms of vices to-drawen\n a man to hem more my\u021dtily \u00fean \u00fee venym of 3512\n circes.\n\n [Sidenote: Though it leaves the body whole, it pierces the inner\n man, and inflicts a deadly wound upon the soul.]\n\n \u00b6 For vices ben so cruel \u00feat \u00feei percen {and}\n \u00feoru\u021d passen \u00fee corage wi\u00fe i{n}ne. {and} \u00feou\u021d \u00feei ne anoye\n nat \u00fee body. \u021ditte vices wooden to distroien men by\n wounde of \u00feou\u021dt. 3516\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3479 _aryue\u00fe_--aryuede\n _vlixes_--MS. vluxies, C. vlixes\n 3481 _Circe_--Circes\n 3483 _enchauntment\u021d_--enchauntement\u021d\n 3484 _hande_--hand\n _of_--ou{er}\n 3485 _had[de]_--hadde\n _gestes_--MS. goostes, C. gestes\n 3486 _boor_--boer{e}\n 3488 _his_ (1)--hise\n _his te\u00fee_--hise teth\n 3489 _newliche_--neweliche\n 3490 _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee\n 3491 _house_--hows\n 3492 _bride_--bryd\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3493 _mercie_--MS. mercurie, C. mercy\n 3494 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3495 _oosteresse_--oostesse\n 3496 _wicked[e]_--wikkede\n 3497 _were woxen swyne_--weeren wexen swyn\n 3498 _chaunged_--Ichaunged\n _brede_--bred\n _forto_--MS. {and} forto\n _ete acorns_--eten akkornes\n 3499 _hoole_--hool\n 3501 _wepi\u00fe_--MS. kepi\u00fe, C. weepith\n 3502 _monstruous_--MS. monstronous, C. Monstruos\n 3504 _Circes_--MS. Cirtes\n _folk_--folkys\n 3509 _yhid_--MS. yhidde, C. I-hydd\n 3515 _wooden_--MS. wolden, C. wooden]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE WICKED ARE TORMENTED BY A THREEFOLD WRETCHEDNESS.]\n\nTUNC EGO FATEOR INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I confess that vicious men are rightly called\n beasts.]\n\n ++\u00dean seide I \u00feus I confesse {and} am aknowe q{uo}d I. ne\n I ne se nat \u00feat men may seyn as by ry\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: They retain the outward form of man, but the qualities\n of their souls prove them to be beasts.]\n\n \u00fe{a}t\n shrewes ne ben nat chaunged in to beestes by \u00fee\n qualite of hir soules. \u00b6 Al be it so \u00fe{a}t \u00feei kepen \u021ditte 3520\n \u00fee forme of \u00fee body of mankynde.\n\n [Sidenote: I wish, however, that the wicked were without the power\n to annoy and hurt good men.]\n\n but I nolde nat of\n shrewes of whiche \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt cruel woode\u00fe alwey in to\n destrucc{i}ou{n} of good[e] men. \u00feat it wer{e} leueful to hem\n to done \u00feat.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ They have no power, as I shall presently show\n you.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d she ne it nis nat leueful 3524\n to hem as I shal wel shewen \u00fee in couenable place.\n\n [Sidenote: But were this power, which men ascribe to them, taken\n away from the wicked, they would be relieved of the greatest part\n of their punishment.]\n\n \u00b6 But na\u00feeles yif so were \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feat me{n} wene{n} ben\n leueful for shrewes were bynomen hem. so \u00feat \u00feei ne [[pg 124]]\n my\u021dten nat anoyen or don harme to goode men. \u00b6 Certys 3528\n a gret p{ar}ty of \u00fee peyne to shrewes shulde ben allegged\n {and} releued.\n\n [Sidenote: The wicked are more unhappy when they have accomplished\n their evil designs than when they fail to do so.]\n\n \u00b6 For al be it so \u00fe{a}t \u00feis ne seme nat\n credible \u00feing p{er}auent{ur}e to so{m}me folk \u021dit mot it\n nedes be \u00feat shrewes ben more wrecches {and} vnsely. 3532\n whan \u00feei may don {and} p{er}forme \u00feat \u00feei coueiten [than\n yif they myhte nat complyssen \u00fe{a}t they coueyten].\n\n [Sidenote: If it is a miserable thing to will evil, it is a\n greater unhappiness to have the power to execute it, without which\n power the wicked desires would languish without effect.]\n\n \u00b6 For\n yif so be \u00feat it be wrecchednesse to wilne to don yuel[;]\n \u00fean is it more wrecchednesse to mowen don yuel. 3536\n wi\u00fe oute whiche moeuyng \u00fee wrecched wille sholde\n languisshe wi\u00fe oute effecte.\n\n [Sidenote: Since, then, each of these three things (_i. e._ the\n will, the power, and the accomplishment of evil) hath its misery,\n therefore a threefold wretchedness afflicts those who both will,\n can, and do commit sin.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean syn \u00feat eueryche of\n \u00feise \u00feinges ha\u00fe hys wrecchednesse. \u00feat is to seyne wil\n to done yuel. and moeuynge to done yuel. it mot nedes 3540\n be. \u00feat \u00feei (shrewes) ben constreyned by \u00fere vnselynesses\n \u00feat wolen {and} mowen {and} p{er}formen felonyes\n {and} shrewednesses.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I grant it--but still I wish the vicious were\n without this misfortune.]\n\n \u00b6 I accorde me q{uo}d I. but I\n desire gretely \u00feat shrewes losten sone \u00feilke vnselynesses. 3544\n \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat shrewes were despoyled of moeuyng\n to don yuel.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ They shall be despoiled of it sooner than you wish\n perhaps, or than they themselves imagine.]\n\n \u00b6 so shulle{n} \u00feei q{uo}d she.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 28.]]\n\n sonnere\n p{er}auenture \u00feen \u00fe{o}u woldest *or sonnere \u00feen \u00feei hem\n self wenen to lakken mowynge to done yuel.\n\n [Sidenote: In the narrow limits of this life, nothing, however\n tardy it appears, can seem to an immortal soul to have a very long\n duration.]\n\n \u00b6 For 3548\n \u00feere nis no \u00feing so late in so short bou{n}des of \u00feis lijf\n \u00feat is longe to abide. namelyche to a corage inmortel.\n\n [Sidenote: The great hopes, and the subtle machinations of the\n wicked, are often suddenly frustrated, by which an end is put to\n their wickedness.]\n\n Of whiche shrewes \u00fee grete hope {and} \u00fee heye co{m}passy{n}g{us}\n of shrewednesse is often destroyed by a 3552\n sodeyne ende or \u00feei ben war. {and} \u00feat \u00feing establi\u00fe to\n shrewes \u00fee ende of hir shrewednesse.\n\n [Sidenote: If vice renders men wretched, the longer they are\n vicious the longer must they be miserable.]\n\n \u00b6 For yif \u00feat\n shrewednesse maki\u00fee wrecches. \u00fean mot he nedes be\n most wrecched \u00feat lengest is a shrewe.\n\n [Sidenote: And they would be infinitely wretched if death did not\n put an end to their crimes.]\n\n \u00fee whiche 3556\n wicked shrewes wolde ydemen aldirmost vnsely {and}\n caytifs yif \u00feat hir shrewednes ne were yfinissed. at \u00fee [[pg 125]]\n leste weye by \u00fee outerest[e] dee\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: It is clear, as I have already shown, that eternal\n misery is infinite.]\n\n for [yif] I haue concluded\n so\u00fee of \u00fee vnselynesse of shrewednesse. \u00fean shewe\u00fe 3560\n it clerely \u00feat \u00feilke shrewednesse is wi\u00fe outen ende \u00fee\n whiche is certeyne to ben p{er}durable.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ This consequence appears to be just, but difficult\n to assent to.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d I\n \u00feis [conclusion] is harde {and} wonderful to graunte. \u00b6 But\n I knowe wel \u00feat it accorde\u00fe moche to [the] \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat I 3564\n haue graunted her byforne.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ You think rightly; but if you cannot assent to my\n conclusion you ought to show that the premises are false, or that\n the consequences are unfairly deduced; for if the premises be\n granted, you cannot reject the inferences from them.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feou hast q{uo}d she \u00fee ry\u021dt\n estimac{i}ou{n} of \u00feis. but who so euere wene \u00feat it be an\n harde \u00feing to acorde hym to a conclusiou{n}. it is ry\u021dt\n \u00feat he shewe \u00feat so{m}me of \u00fee p{re}misses ben fals. or 3568\n ellys he mot shewe \u00feat \u00fee colasiou{n} of p{re}posic{i}ou{n}s\n nis nat spedful to a necessarie conclusio{n}. \u00b6 and yif it\n be nat so. but \u00feat \u00fee p{re}misses ben yg{ra}nted \u00feer nis\n nat whi he sholde blame \u00fee argument.\n\n [Sidenote: What I am about to say is not less wonderful, and it\n follows necessarily from the same premises.]\n\n for \u00feis \u00feing \u00feat 3572\n I shal telle \u00fee nowe ne shal not seme lasse wondirful.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3517 _aknowe_--aknowe it\n 3518 _seyn_--sayn\n 3523 _good[e]_--goode\n 3524 _done_--don\n 3526 _ben_--be\n 3527 _for_--to\n 3528 _my\u021dten_--myhte\n _don_--MS. done, C. doon\n _harme_--harm\n 3529 _gret_--MS. grete, C. gret\n 3533-36 _don_--MS. done, C. doon\n 3533-34 [_than----coueyten_]--from C.\n 3537 _moeuyng_--mowynge\n _wille_--wil\n 3539 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _seyne_--seyn\n 3540 _done_ (1)--doon\n _moeuynge to done_--Mowynge to don\n _mot_--MS. mote, C. mot\n 3544 _gretely_--gretly\n 3545 _seyne_--seyn\n _were_--weeren\n _moeuyng_--mowynge\n 3548 _wenen_--weene\n _to lakken----yuel_--omitted\n 3549 _\u00feere_--ther\n _so_ (2)--the\n 3550 _longe_--long\n 3552 _shrewednesse_--shrewednesses\n _often_--ofte\n 3558 _shrewednes_--shrewednesse\n _yfinissed_--fynyshed\n 3559 _weye_--wey\n _outerest[e]_--owtteryste\n [_yif_]--from C.\n 3560 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 3561 _clerely_--cleerly\n 3563 [_conclusion_]--from C.\n _harde_--hard\n 3564 [_the_]--from C.\n 3567 _harde_--hard\n 3568 _fals_--false\n 3573 _nowe_--now]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE WRETCHEDNESS OF THE WICKED IS DIMINISHED BY PUNISHMENT.]\n\n but of \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben taken al so it is necessarie as\n who so sei\u00fe it folwe\u00fe of \u00feat whiche \u00feat is p{ur}posed\n byforn.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What is that?]\n\n what is \u00feat q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ That the wicked who have been punished for their\n crimes, are happier than if justice had allowed them to go\n unpunished.]\n\n \u00b6 certys q{uo}d she \u00feat is 3576\n \u00feat \u00fe{a}t \u00feise wicked shrewes ben more blysful or ellys\n lasse wrecches. \u00feat byen \u00fee tourmentes \u00feat \u00feei han\n deserued. \u00fean yif no peyne of Iustice ne chastied[e]\n hem.\n\n [Sidenote: I do not appeal to popular arguments, that punishment\n corrects vice, that the fear of chastisement leads them to take\n the right path, and that the sufferings of evil-doers deter others\n from vice, but I believe that guilty men, unpunished, become much\n more unhappy in another way.]\n\n ne \u00feis ne seye I nat now for \u00feat any man my\u021dt[e] 3580\n \u00feenk[e] \u00feat \u00fee maneres of shrewes ben coriged {and}\n chastised by veniaunce. {and} \u00feat \u00feei ben brou\u021dt to \u00fee\n ry\u021dt wey by \u00fee drede of \u00fee tourment. ne for \u00feat \u00feei\n \u021deuen to o\u00feer folk ensample to fleyen fro{m} vices. \u00b6 But 3584\n I vndirstonde \u021ditte [in] an o\u00feer manere \u00feat shrewes\n ben more vnsely whan \u00feei ne ben nat punissed al be it\n so \u00feat \u00feere ne ben had no resou{n} or lawe of correcc{i}ou{n}.\n ne none ensample of lokynge.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ In what way do you mean?]\n\n \u00b6 And what manere 3588\n shal \u00feat ben q{uo}d I. ou\u00feer \u00fean ha\u00fe ben told here [[pg 126]]\n byforn\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Are not good people happy, and evil folk\n miserable?]\n\n \u00b6 Haue we nat graunted \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat\n good[e] folk ben blysful. {and} shrewes ben wrecches.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Yes.]\n\n \u021dis q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If good be added to the wretchedness of a man,\n will not he be happier than another whose misery has no element of\n good in it?]\n\n [thanne q{uod} she] \u021dif \u00feat any good were 3592\n added to \u00fee wrecchenesse of any wy\u021dt. nis he nat more\n blisful \u00fean he \u00feat ne ha\u00fe no medelyng of goode in hys\n solitarie wrecchednesse.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It seems so.]\n\n so seme\u00fe it q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ And if to the same wretched being another misery\n be annexed, does not he become more wretched than he whose misery\n is alleviated by the participation of some good?]\n\n and what\n seyst \u00feou \u00fean q{uo}d she of \u00feilke wrecche \u00feat lakke\u00fe alle 3596\n goodes. so \u00feat no goode nis medeled in hys wrecchednesse.\n {and} \u021ditte ouer alle hys wickednesse for whiche\n he is a wrecche \u00feat \u00feer be \u021ditte ano\u00feer yuel anexid {and}\n knyt to hym. shal not men demen hym more vnsely 3600\n \u00fean \u00feilke wrecche of whiche \u00fee vnselynesse is re[le]ued\n by \u00fee p{ar}ticipac{i}ou{n} of som goode.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ He does.]\n\n whi sholde he nat\n q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ When evil men are punished they have a degree of\n good annexed to their wretchedness, to wit, the punishment itself,\n which as it is the effect of justice is good.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean certys q{uo}d she han shrewes whan \u00feei\n ben punissed somwhat of good anexid to hir wrecchednesse. 3604\n \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee same peyne \u00feat \u00feei suffren\n whiche \u00feat is good by \u00fee resou{n} of Iustice.\n\n [Sidenote: And when these wretches escape punishment something\n more of ill (_i.\u00a0e._ exemption from punishment) is added to their\n condition.]\n\n And whan\n \u00feilke same shrewes ascapen wi\u00fe outen tourment. \u00fean\n han \u00feei somwhat more of yuel \u021dit ouer \u00fee wickednesse 3608\n \u00feat \u00feei han don. \u00feat is to seye defaute of peyne.\n whiche defaute of peyne \u00feou hast graunted is yuel.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I cannot deny it.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00fee desert of felonye I ne may nat denye it q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Much more unhappy are the wicked when they enjoy\n an unmerited impunity than when they suffer a lawful\n chastisement.]\n\n \u00b6 Moche more \u00fean q{uo}d she ben shrewes vnsely 3612\n whan \u00feei ben wrongfully delyuered fro peyne. \u00fean\n whan \u00feei be\u00fe punissed by ry\u021dtful vengeaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: It is just to punish evil-doers, and unjust that they\n should escape punishment.]\n\n but \u00feis is\n open \u00fei{n}g {and} clere \u00feat it is ry\u021dt \u00feat shrewes ben\n punissed. {and} it is wickednesse {and} wrong \u00feat \u00feei 3616\n escapin vnpunissed.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Nobody denies that.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 28 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 who my\u021dt[e] denye *\u00feat q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Everything, too, which is just is good; and, on\n the contrary, whatsoever is unjust is evil.]\n\n but q{uo}d she may any ma{n} denye. \u00feat al \u00feat is ry\u021dt nis\n good. {and} also \u00fee contrarie. \u00feat alle \u00feat is wrong nis\n wicked. [[pg 127]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ These are just inferences from our former\n premises.]\n\n certys q{uo}d I \u00feise \u00feinges ben clere ynou\u021d. {and} 3620\n \u00feat we han concludid a litel here byforn{e}.\n\n [Sidenote: But is there any punishment for the soul after death of\n the body?]\n\n but I p{re}ye\n \u00fee \u00feat \u00feou telle me yif \u00feou accordest to leten no to{ur}ment\n to \u00fee soules aftir \u00feat \u00fee body is dedid by \u00fee de\u00fee.\n \u00feis [is] to seyn. vndirstondest \u00feou ou\u021dt \u00feat soules han 3624\n any to{ur}ment after \u00fee de\u00fee of \u00fee body.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Yes, and great ones too. Some punishments are\n rigorous and eternal.]\n\n \u00b6 Certis q{uo}d\n she \u021de {and} \u00feat ry\u021dt grete. of whiche soules q{uo}d she I\n trowe \u00feat so{m}me ben to{ur}mentid by asprenesse of\n peyne.\n\n [Sidenote: Others have a corrective and purifying force, and are\n of finite duration.]\n\n {and} so{m}me soules I trowe be exc{er}cised by a 3628\n p{ur}ging mekenesse.\n\n [Sidenote: But this is not to our purpose.]\n\n but my conseil nys nat to determyne\n of \u00feis peyne. but I haue trauayled and told it\n hider to.\n\n [Sidenote: I want you to see that the power of the wicked is in\n reality nothing, that the wicked never go unpunished; that their\n licence to do evil is not of long duration, and that the wicked\n would be more unhappy if it were longer, and infinitely wretched\n if it were to continue for ever.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feou sholdest knowe \u00feat \u00fee mowynge\n [.i. myght] of shrewes whiche mowynge \u00fee seme\u00fe to 3632\n ben. vnwor\u00fei nis no mowynge. {and} eke of shrewes of\n whiche \u00feou pleynedest \u00feat \u00feei ne were nat punissed.\n \u00feat \u00feou woldest seen \u00feat \u00feei ne weren neuer mo wi\u00fe\n outen \u00fee torment of hire wickednesse. {and} of \u00fee licence 3636\n of mowynge to done yuel. \u00feat \u00feou p{re}idest \u00feat it\n my\u021dt[e] sone ben endid. {and} \u00feat \u00feou woldest fayne\n lerne. \u00feat it ne sholde nat longe endure. {and} \u00feat\n shrewes ben more vnsely yif \u00feei were of lenger duryng. 3640\n {and} most vnsely yif \u00feei weren p{er}durable.\n\n [Sidenote: After this I showed that evil men are more unhappy,\n having escaped punishment, than if justly chastised.]\n\n {and} after\n \u00feis I haue shewed \u00fee \u00feat more vnsely ben shrewes\n whan \u00feei escapen wi\u00fe oute ry\u021dtful peyne. \u00fean whan \u00feei\n ben punissed by ry\u021dtful uengeaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: Wherefore when they are supposed to get off scot-free\n they suffer most grievously.]\n\n and of \u00feis sentence 3644\n folwe\u00fe it \u00feat \u00fean be{n} shrewes constreyned atte laste wi\u00fe\n most greuous tourment. whan men wene \u00feat \u00feei ne ben\n nat ypunissed.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Your reasoning appears convincing and conclusive.\n But your arguments are opposed to current opinions, and would\n hardly command assent, or even a hearing.]\n\n whan I considre \u00fei resou{n}s q{uo}d I. I.\n ne trowe nat \u00feat men seyn any \u00feing more verrely. {and} 3648\n yif I to{ur}ne a\u021deyn to \u00fee studies of men. who is [he] to\n who{m} it sholde seme \u00feat [he] ne sholde nat only leue{n}\n \u00feise \u00feinges. but eke gladly herkene he{m}.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ It is so. For those accustomed to the darkness of\n error cannot fix their eyes on the light of perspicuous truth,\n like birds of night which are blinded by the full light of day.]\n\n Certys q{uo}d\n she so it is. but men may nat. for \u00feei han hire eyen so [[pg 128]]\n wont to derkenesse of er\u00feely \u00feinges. \u00feat \u00feei may nat 3653\n liften hem vp to \u00fee ly\u021dt of clere so\u00feefastnes. \u00b6 But\n \u00feei ben lyke to briddes of whiche \u00fee ny\u021dt ly\u021dtne\u00fe hyre\n lookyng. {and} \u00fee day blynde\u00fe hem.\n\n [Sidenote: They consider only the gratification of their lusts,\n they think there is happiness in the liberty of doing evil and in\n exemption from punishment.]\n\n for whan men loken 3656\n nat \u00fee ordre of \u00feinges but hire lustes {and} talent\u021d. \u00feei\n wene \u00feat o\u00feir \u00fee leue or \u00fee mowynge to done wickednesse\n or ellys \u00fee escapi{n}g wi\u00fe oute peyne be weleful.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3575 _who so sei\u00fe_--ho seyth\n _whiche_--which\n 3578 _byen_--a-byen\n 3579 _chastied[e]_--chastysede\n 3580 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 3581 _\u00feenk[e]_--thinke\n 3584 _\u021deuen_--MS. \u021deuene, C. yeuen\n _fleyen_--flen\n 3585 _\u021ditte_--yif\n [_in_]--from C.\n 3588 _none_--non\n 3589 _ou\u00feer_--oother\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _ben_--be\n _told_--MS. tolde, C. told\n 3591 _good[e]_--goode\n 3592 [_thanne----she_]--from C.\n 3594 _blisful_--weleful\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3594-97 _goode_--good\n 3598 _alle_--al\n _whiche_--which\n 3600 _knyt_--knytte\n 3601 _re[le]ued_--releued\n 3602 _goode_--good\n 3605 _seyne_--seyn\n 3606 _whiche_--which\n 3607 _outen_--owte\n 3609 _don_--MS. done\n _seye_--seyn\n 3610 _whiche_--which\n 3611 _desert_--deserte\n 3614 _be\u00fe_--MS. be\u00fee, C. ben\n 3615 _clere_--cler\n 3617 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 3618 _is ry\u021dt nis_--MS. nis ry\u021dt is\n 3619 _alle_--al\n _nis wicked_--is wykke\n 3621 _here_--her\n 3623 _dedid_--endyd\n _de\u00fee_--deth\n 3624 [_is_]--from C.\n _ou\u021dt_--awht\n 3625 _de\u00fee_--deth\n 3626 _grete_--gret\n 3628 _be_--ben\n 3629 _determyne_--determenye\n 3630 _peyne_--peynes\n _told_--MS. tolde\n 3632 [_.i. myght_]--from C.\n 3632-34 _whiche_--which\n 3633 _eke_--ek\n 3635 _seen_--seyn\n 3637 _done_--don\n 3638 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n _fayne lerne_--fayn lernen\n 3639 _endure_--dur{e}\n 3645 _atte_--at the\n _laste_--MS. \u00feast, C. laste\n 3647 _resouns_--resoun\n 3649-50 [_he_]--from C.\n 3651 _eke_--ek\n 3653 _derkenesse_--derknesse\n 3654 _clere so\u00feefastnes_--cleer sothfastnesse\n 3655 _whiche_--which\n 3658 _o\u00feir_--eyther\n _done_--don\n 3659 _escaping_--schapynge]\n\n [Headnote:\n VIRTUE ITS OWN REWARD.]\n\n [Sidenote: Do you attend to the eternal law written in your own\n heart. Conform your mind to what is good, and you will stand in no\n need of a judge to confer a reward upon you--for you have it\n already in the enjoyment of the best of things (_i.\u00a0e._ virtue).]\n\n but co{n}sider{e} \u00fee iugement of \u00fee p{er}durable lawe. for if 3660\n \u00feou conferme \u00fei corage to \u00fee beste \u00feinges. \u00feou ne hast\n no nede to no iuge to \u021diue{n} \u00fee p{r}is or meede. for \u00feou\n hast ioigned \u00fei self to \u00fee most excellent \u00feing.\n\n [Sidenote: If you indulge in vice, you need no other\n chastisement--you have degraded yourself into a lower order of\n beings.]\n\n and yif\n \u00feou haue enclined \u00fei studies to \u00fee wicked \u00feinges. ne 3664\n seek no foreyn wrekere out of \u00fei self. for \u00feou \u00fei self\n hast \u00ferest \u00fee in to wicked \u00feinges. ry\u021dt as \u00feou my\u021dtest\n loken by dyuerse tymes \u00fee foule er\u00fee {and} \u00fee heuene.\n {and} \u00feat alle o\u00feer \u00feinges stynten fro wi\u00fe oute. so \u00feat 3668\n \u00feou [ner{e} neyther in heuene ne in erthe] ne say[e] no\n \u00feing more. \u00fean sholde it semen to \u00fee as by only resou{n}\n of lokynge. \u00feat \u00feou were in \u00fee sterres. {and} now in \u00fee\n er\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: The multitude doth not consider this.]\n\n but \u00fee poeple ne loke\u00fe nat on \u00feise \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: What then? Shall we take them as our models who\n resemble beasts?]\n\n what 3672\n \u00fean shal we \u00fean app{ro}chen vs to hem \u00feat I haue\n shewed \u00feat \u00feei ben lyke to \u00fee bestes. (q. d. no{n})\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3662 _to_ (1)--of\n 3665 _foreyn_--foreyne\n 3666 _\u00ferest_--thryst\n _wicked_--wikke\n 3669 [_nere----erthe_]--from C.\n _heuene_--C. heuenene\n _say[e]_--C. saye\n 3672 _on_--in\n 3674 _lyke_--lyk\n _q. d._--MS. q{uo}d]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE WICKED NEED PITY.]\n\n [Sidenote: If a man who had lost his sight, having even forgotten\n his blindness, should declare that his faculties were all perfect,\n shall we weakly believe that those who retain their sight are\n blind?]\n\n \u00b6\u00a0And what wilt \u00feou seyne of \u00feis \u00b6 yif \u00feat a man\n hadde al forlorn hys sy\u021dt. {and} had[de] for\u021deten \u00feat he 3676\n euer saw {and} wende \u00fe{a}t no \u00feing ne fayled[e] hym of\n p{er}fecc{i}ou{n} of ma{n}kynde. now we \u00feat my\u021dten sen \u00fee\n same \u00feing wolde we nat wene \u00feat he were bly{n}de (q. d.\n sic).\n\n [Sidenote: The vulgar will not assent to what I am going to say,\n though supported by conclusive arguments--to wit, that persons are\n more unhappy that do wrong than those who suffer wrong.]\n\n ne also ne accorde\u00fe nat \u00fee poeple to \u00feat I shal 3680\n seyne. \u00fee whiche \u00feing is susteyned by a stronge foundement\n of resou{n}s. \u00feat is to seyn \u00feat more vnsely ben \u00feei\n \u00feat don wrong to o\u00feer folk. \u00feen \u00feei \u00feat \u00fee wrong [[pg 129]]\n suffren.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I would willingly hear your reasons.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 29.]]\n\n \u00b6 I wolde heren \u00feilke *same resou{n}s q{uo}d I 3684\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Do you deny that every wicked man deserves\n punishment?]\n\n \u00b6 Deniest \u00feou q{uo}d she \u00feat alle shrewes ne ben wor\u00fei\n to han to{ur}ment.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No, I do not.]\n\n nay q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I am satisfied that impious men are in many ways\n miserable.]\n\n but q{uo}d she I am certeyne\n by many resou{n}s \u00feat shrewes ben vnsely.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ They are so.]\n\n it accorde\u00fe\n q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Then those that deserve punishment are miserable.]\n\n \u00fean [ne] dowtest \u00feou nat q{uo}d she \u00feat 3688\n \u00feilke folk \u00feat ben wor\u00fei of to{ur}ment \u00feat \u00feei ne ben\n wrecches.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I admit it.]\n\n It accorde\u00fe wel q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ If you were a judge, upon whom would you inflict\n punishment? upon the wrong-doer, or upon the injured?]\n\n yif \u00feou were \u00fean\n q{uo}d she yset a Iuge or a knower of \u00feinges. whe\u00feer\n trowest \u00feou \u00fe{a}t men sholde to{ur}ment[e] hym \u00feat ha\u00fe 3692\n don \u00fee wronge. or hym \u00feat ha\u00fe suffred \u00fee wronge.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I should not hesitate to punish the offender as a\n satisfaction to the sufferer.]\n\n I ne doute nat q{uo}d I. \u00feat I nolde don suffissaunt satisfacc{i}ou{n}\n to hym \u00feat had[de] suffred \u00fee wrong by \u00fee\n sorwe of hym \u00feat had[de] don \u00fee wronge.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Then you would deem the injuring person more\n unhappy than he who had been wronged?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean 3696\n seme\u00fe it q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00fee doar of wrong is more wrecche\n \u00fean he \u00feat ha\u00fe suffred \u00fee wrong.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ That follows naturally.]\n\n \u00feat folwe\u00fe wel q{uo}d [I].\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ From this then, and other reasons of like nature,\n it seems that vice makes men miserable, and an injury done to any\n man is the misery of the doer, and not of the sufferer.]\n\n \u00fean q{uo}d she by \u00feise causes {and} by o\u00feer causes\n \u00feat ben enforced by \u00fee same roate \u00feat fil\u00fee or synne by 3700\n \u00fee p{ro}pre nature of it make\u00fe men wretches. {and} it\n shewe\u00fe wel \u00feat \u00fee wrong \u00feat me{n} don nis nat \u00fee\n wrecchenesse of hym \u00feat receyue\u00fe \u00fee wrong. but \u00fee\n wrecchednesse of hym \u00feat do\u00fe \u00fee wronge\n\n [Sidenote: But our advocates think differently--they try to obtain\n pity for those that have suffered cruelty and oppression;]\n\n \u00b6 but certys 3704\n q{uo}d she \u00feise orato{ur}s or aduocat\u021d don al \u00fee contrarie\n for \u00feei enforcen hem to co{m}moeue \u00fee iuges to han pite\n of he{m} \u00feat han suffred {and} resceyued \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben\n greuous {and} aspre.\n\n [Sidenote: but the juster pity is really due to the oppressors,\n who ought, therefore, to be led to judgment as the sick are to the\n physician, not by angry but by merciful and kind accusers, so\n that, by the physic of chastisement, they may be cured of their\n vices.]\n\n {and} \u021ditte men sholden more ry\u021dtfully 3708\n han pitee on hem \u00feat don \u00fee greuaunces {and} \u00fee\n wronges. \u00fee whiche shrewes it were a more couenable\n \u00feing \u00feat \u00fee accuso{ur}s or aduocat\u021d not wro\u00fee but pitous\n {and} debonaire ladden \u00fee shrewes \u00feat han don wro{n}g to 3712\n \u00fee Iugement. ry\u021dt as men leden seke folk to \u00fee leche.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3675 _wilt \u00feou seyne_--woltow seyn\n 3676 _forlorn_--MS. forlorne, C. for-lorn\n _sy\u021dt_--syhte\n _had[de]_--hadde\n 3677 _saw_--MS. sawe, C. sawh\n _fayled[e]_--faylede\n 3678 _sen_--MS. sene, C. sen\n 3679 _\u00feing_--thinges\n _q. d._--MS. q{uod}\n 3681 _whiche_--which\n 3683 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n _o\u00feer_--oothr{e}\n 3688 [_ne_]--from C.\n 3691 _yset_--MS. ysette, C. yset\n _whe\u00feer_--omitted\n 3692 _tourment[e]_--tormenten\n 3692-3 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3693 _wronge_ (2)--wrong\n 3695 _had[de]_--hadde\n 3696 _had[de]_--hadden\n _wronge_--wrong\n 3697 _doar_--doere\n 3698 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3699 [_I_]--from C. [[_word moved to l. 3698_]]\n 3700 _ben_--ben of\n _roate_--Roote\n 3703-4 _but----wronge_--omitted\n 3704 _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee\n 3711 _wro\u00fee_--wroth\n 3712 _\u00fee_--tho\n _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 3713 _seke_--syke]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE DUTY OF ADVOCATES.]\n\n for \u00feat \u00feei sholden seken out \u00fee maladies of synne by\n to{ur}ment\u021d. [[pg 130]]\n\n [Sidenote: I would not have the guilty defrauded by their\n advocates. Their duty is to accuse, and not to excuse offenders.]\n\n and by \u00feis couenaunt ey\u00feer \u00fee entent of \u00fee\n defendo{ur}s or aduocat\u021d sholde fayle {and} cesen in al. or 3716\n ellys yif \u00fee office of aduocat\u021d wolde bettre p{ro}fiten to\n men. it sholde be to{ur}ned in to \u00fee habit of accusac{i}ou{n}.\n \u00feat is [to] s[e]yn \u00feei sholde{n} accuse shrewes. {and} nat\n excuse hem.\n\n [Sidenote: Were it permitted the wicked to get a slight view of\n virtue\u2019s beauty, which they have forsaken, and could they be\n persuaded of the purifying effects of lawful chastisement, they\n surely would not consider punishment as an evil, but would\n willingly give themselves up to justice and refuse the defence of\n their advocates.]\n\n {and} eke \u00fee shrewes hem self. \u021dit it were 3720\n leueful to hem to seen at any clifte \u00fee vertue \u00feat \u00feei\n han forleten. {and} sawen \u00feat \u00feei sholde putten adou{n}\n \u00fee fil\u00fees of hire vices by [the] to{ur}ment\u021d of peynes. \u00feei\n ne au\u021dten nat ry\u021dt for \u00fee reco{m}pensac{i}ou{n} forto geten 3724\n hem bounte {and} prowesse whiche \u00feat \u00feei han lost demen\n ne holden \u00feat \u00feilke peynes weren to{ur}mentes to hem.\n {and} eke \u00feei wolden refuse \u00fee attendau{n}ce of hir aduocat\u021d\n {and} taken hem self to hire iuges {and} to hir accusours. 3728\n\n [Sidenote: The wise hate nobody, only a fool hates good men; and\n it is as irrational to hate the wicked.]\n\n for whiche it bytide\u00fe [\u00fe{a}t] as to \u00fee wise folk\n \u00feer nis no place ylete to hate. \u00feat is to seyn. \u00feat hate\n ne ha\u00fe no place amonges wise men. \u00b6 For no wy\u021dt\n wolde haten gode men. but yif he were ouer moche a 3732\n fole. \u00b6 and forto haten shrewes it nis no resou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Vice is a sickness of the soul, and needs our\n compassion, and not our hate, for the distempers of the soul are\n more deplorable than those of the body, and have more claims upon\n our compassion.]\n\n \u00b6 For ry\u021dt so as languissing is maladie of body. ry\u021dt\n so ben vices {and} sy{n}ne maladies of corage. \u00b6 and so as\n we ne deme nat \u00feat \u00feei \u00feat ben seek of hire body ben 3736\n wor\u00fei to ben hated. but ra\u00feer wor\u00fei of pite. wel more\n wor\u00fei nat to ben hated. but forto ben had in pite ben\n \u00feei of whiche \u00fee \u00feou\u021dtes ben constreined by felonous\n wickednesse. \u00feat is more cruel \u00fea{n} any languissinge of 3740\n body.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3715 _tourment\u021d_--torment\n _\u00fee_ (2)--omitted\n 3719 _[to] s[e]yn_--to seyn\n 3722 _sawen_--sawh\n _sholde_--sholden\n 3723 [_the_]--from C.\n 3724 _au\u021dten_--owhte\n 3725-29 _whiche_--which\n 3729 _bytide\u00fe_--MS. bynde\u00fe, C. bytidith\n [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 3730 _ylete_--I-leten\n 3731 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3732 _wolde_--nyl\n _moche_--mochel\n 3733 _fole_--fool\n 3736 _seek_--syke]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE FOLLY OF WAR.]\n\nQUID TANTOS IUUAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: What frenzy causes man to hasten on his fate, that is,\n by war or by strife.]\n\n ++What delite\u00fe it \u021dow to exciten so grete moewynges of\n hatredes {and} to hasten {and} bisien [the] fatal disposic{i}ou{n}\n of \u021doure dee\u00fe wi\u00fe \u021doure p{ro}pre handes. \u00feat is 3744\n to seyn by batailes or [by] contek.\n\n [Sidenote: If death is desired he delays not to come.]\n\n for yif \u021de axen \u00fee\n dee\u00fe it hastisi\u00fe hym of hys owen wille. ne dee\u00fe ne [[pg 131]]\n tarie\u00fe nat hys swifte hors.\n\n [Sidenote: Why do they who are exposed to the assaults of beasts\n of prey and venomous reptiles seek to slay each other with the\n sword.]\n\n and [the] men \u00feat \u00fee serpent\u021d\n {and} \u00fee lyou{n}s. {and} \u00fee tigre. {and} \u00fee beere {and} \u00fee 3748\n boore seken to sleen wi\u00fe her te\u00fee. \u021dit \u00feilke same men\n seken to sleen eueryche of hem o\u00feer wi\u00fe swerde.\n\n [Sidenote: Lo! their manners and opinions do not accord, wherefore\n they engage in unjust wars, and fiercely urge on each other\u2019s\n destiny.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 29 _b_.]]\n\n loo for\n her man{er}s ben *diuerse {and} discordaunt \u00b6 \u00feei\n moeuen vnry\u021dtful oostes {and} cruel batailes. {and} wilne 3752\n to p{er}isse by enterchaungynge of dartes.\n\n [Sidenote: But this is no just reason for shedding blood.]\n\n but \u00fee resou{n}\n of cruelte nis nat ynou\u021d ry\u021dtful.\n\n [Sidenote: Wouldst thou reward each as he deserves? Then love the\n good as they deserve, and have pity upon the wicked.]\n\n wilt \u00feou \u00fean \u021delden a\n couenable gerdou{n} to \u00fee desertes of men \u00b6 Loue ry\u021dtfully\n goode folk[;] {and} haue pite on shrewes. 3756\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3743 [_the_]--from C.\n 3745 [_by_]--from C.\n 3746 _hastisi\u00fe_--hasteth\n _owen wille_--owne wyl\n 3747 [_the_]--from C.\n 3749 _boore_--boor\n _te\u00fee_--teth\n 3750 _swerde_--swerd\n 3751 _her_--hir\n 3752 _wilne_--wylnen\n 3753 _enterchaungynge_--entrechaungynges]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE OPERATIONS OF CHANCE.]\n\nHINC EGO UIDEO INQ{UA}M. {ET} CET{ERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I see plainly the nature of that felicity which\n attends the virtues of the good, and of the misery that follows\n the vices of the wicked.]\n\n ++\u00deus see I wel q{uo}d I. ey\u00feer what blisfulnesse or ellys\n what vnselinesse is estab[l]issed in \u00fee desertys of\n goode men {and} of shrewes.\n\n [Sidenote: But in Fortune I see a mixture of good and evil. The\n wise man prefers riches, &c., to poverty, &c.]\n\n \u00b6 but in \u00feis ilke fortune\n of poeple I see somwhat of goode. {and} somwhat of 3760\n yuel. for no wise man ha\u00fe nat leuer ben exiled pore\n {and} nedy {and} nameles. \u00fean forto dwellen in hys Citee\n {and} flouren of rychesses. {and} be redoutable by honoure.\n {and} stronge of power\n\n [Sidenote: And wisdom appears more illustrious, when wise men are\n governors and impart their felicity to their subjects; and when\n imprisonment, torture, &c., are inflicted only upon bad citizens.]\n\n for in \u00feis wise more clerely {and} 3764\n more witnesfully is \u00fee office of wise men ytretid whan\n \u00fee blisfulnes {and} [the] pouste of gouerno{ur}s is as it\n were yshad amonges poeples \u00feat ben ney\u021dboures {and}\n subgit\u021d. syn \u00feat namely prisou{n} lawe {and} \u00feise o\u00feer 3768\n to{ur}ment\u021d of lawful peynes ben ra\u00feer owed to felonous\n Cite\u021deins. for \u00fee whiche felonous Cite\u021deins \u00feo peynes\n ben establissed. \u00fean for goode folk.\n\n [Sidenote: Why, then, should things undergo so unnatural a\n change? Why should the worthy suffer and the vicious receive\n the reward of virtue?]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean I m{er}ueile\n me gretly q{uo}d I. whi [\u00fe{a}t] \u00fee \u00feinges ben so mys 3772\n entrechaunged. \u00feat to{ur}ment\u021d felounes pressen {and}\n confounden goode folk. {and} shrewes rauyssen medes of\n vertue {and} ben i{n} hono{ur}s. {and} in grete estatis. [[pg 132]]\n\n [Sidenote: I should like to hear the reason of so unjust a\n distribution.]\n\n and I\n desire eke to wite{n} of \u00fee. what seme\u00fe \u00fee to ben \u00fee 3776\n resou{n} of \u00feis so wrongful a confusiou{n}\n\n [Sidenote: I should not marvel so much if _Chance_ were the cause\n of all this confusion.]\n\n \u00b6 For I wolde\n wondre wel \u00fee lasse yif I trowed[e] \u00feat alle \u00feise \u00feinges\n were medeled by fortuouse hap.\n\n [Sidenote: But I am overwhelmed with astonishment when I reflect,\n that God the director of all things thus unequally distributes\n rewards and punishments.]\n\n \u00b6 But now hepe\u00fe\n {and} encrese\u00fe myne astonyenge god gouerno{ur} of \u00feinges. 3780\n \u00feat so as god \u021deue\u00fe ofte tymes to good[e] men goodes\n {and} myr\u00fees. {and} to shrewes yuel and aspre \u00feinges.\n {and} \u021deue\u00fe a\u021deynewarde to goode folk hardnesse. {and} to\n shrewes [he] g{ra}unte\u00fe hem her wille {and} \u00feat \u00feei desiren. 3784\n\n [Sidenote: What difference is there, then, unless we know the\n cause, between God\u2019s proceedings and the operations of Chance?]\n\n what difference \u00fean may \u00feer be bitwixen \u00fe{a}t \u00feat\n god do\u00fe. {and} \u00fee hap of fortune. yif men ne knowe nat\n \u00fee cause whi \u00feat [it] is.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ It is not at all surprising that you think you see\n irregularities, when you are ignorant of that order by which God\n proceeds.]\n\n it nis no merueile q{uo}d she \u00feou\u021d\n \u00feat men wenen \u00feat \u00feer be somwhat folysche and confus 3788\n whan \u00fee resou{n} of \u00fee order is vnknowe.\n\n [Sidenote: But, forasmuch as God, the good governor, presides over\n all, rest assured that all things are done rightly and as they\n ought to be done.]\n\n \u00b6 But alle\n \u00feou\u021d \u00feou ne know nat \u00fee cause of so gret a disposic{i}ou{n}.\n na\u00feeles for as moche as god \u00fee good[e] gouernour attempre\u00fe\n {and} gouerne\u00fe \u00fee world. ne doute \u00fee nat \u00feat 3792\n alle \u00feinges ne ben doon ary\u021dt.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3760 _goode_--good\n 3761 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _nat_--omitted\n _leuer_--leu{er}e\n 3762 _\u00fean_--MS. \u00feat, C. than\n 3763 _redoutable_--MS. redentable, C. redowtable\n 3764 _stronge_--strong\n _clerely_--clerly\n 3766 [_the_]--from C.\n 3767 _ney\u021dboures_--nesshebors\n 3769 _lawful_--laweful\n 3771 _goode_--good\n 3772 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 3775 _grete_--gret\n 3776 _to witen_--forto weten\n 3778 _trowed[e]_--trowede\n _alle_--al\n 3779 _were_--weeren\n _fortuouse_--fortunous\n 3780 _myne_--myn\n 3781 _good[e]_--goode\n 3782 _yuel_--yuelis\n 3783 _hardnesse_--hardnesses\n 3784 [_he_]--from C.\n _wille_--wyl\n 3785 _difference_--MS. differenee\n 3786 _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee\n _hap_--happe\n 3787 [_it_]--from C.\n _it_--ne it\n 3788 _confus_--confuse\n 3789 _alle_--al\n 3791 _good[e]_--goode\n 3793 _ne_--omitted]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE HIDDEN CAUSES OF THINGS.]\n\nSI QUIS ARCTURI[8] SYDERA.\n\n [Footnote 8: MS. arituri]\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: He who knows not that the Bear is seen near the Pole,\n nor has observed the path of Bo\u00f6tes, will marvel at their\n appearance.]\n\n ++Who so \u00feat ne knowe nat \u00fee sterres of arctour\n yto{ur}ned neye to \u00fee souereyne contre or point.\n \u00feat is to seyne yto{ur}ned neye to \u00fee souereyne pool of \u00fee 3796\n firmament {and} woot nat whi \u00fee sterre boetes passe\u00fe or\n gaderi\u00fe his wey[n]es. {and} drenche\u00fe his late flaumbes in\n \u00fee see. {and} whi \u00feat boetes \u00fee sterre vnfoldi\u00fe his ouer\n swifte arisynges. \u00fean shal he wo{n}dre{n} of \u00fee lawe of \u00fee 3800\n heye eyre.\n\n [Sidenote: The vulgar are alarmed when shadows terrestrial obscure\n the moon\u2019s brightness, causing the stars to be displayed.]\n\n {and} eke if \u00feat he ne knowe nat why \u00feat \u00fee\n hornes of \u00fee ful[le] moene waxen pale {and} infect by \u00fee\n bou{n}des of \u00fee derke ny\u021dt \u00b6 and how \u00fee moene dirk\n {and} confuse discouere\u00fe \u00fee sterres. \u00feat she had[de] [[pg 133]]\n ycouered by hir clere visage.\n\n [Sidenote: Thinking the eclipse the result of enchantment, they\n sought to destroy the charms by the tinkling of brazen vessels or\n cymbals.]\n\n \u00fee co{m}mune errour moeue\u00fe 3805\n folk {and} maki\u00fe wery hir bacines of bras by \u00feikke\n strookes. \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat \u00feer is a maner poeple \u00feat\n hy\u021dt[e] coribandes \u00feat wenen \u00feat whan \u00fee moone is in 3808\n \u00fee eclips \u00feat it be enchau{n}tid. and \u00feerfore forto rescowe\n \u00fee moone \u00feei betyn hire basines wi\u00fe \u00feikke strokes.\n\n [Sidenote: Yet none marvel when the north-west wind renders the\n sea tempestuous; nor when vast heaps of congealed snow are melted\n by the warm rays of the sun, because the causes are apparent.]\n\n \u00b6 Ne no man ne wondre\u00fe whan \u00fee blastes of \u00fee wynde\n chorus betyn \u00fee strondes of \u00fee see by quakynge floodes. 3812\n ne no man ne wondre\u00fe whan \u00fee wey\u021dte of \u00fee snowe\n yhardid by \u00fee colde. is resolued by \u00fee brennynge hete\n of phebus \u00fee sonne. \u00b6 For here seen men redyly \u00fee\n causes.\n\n [Sidenote: Things whose causes are unknown disquiet the human\n mind.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 30.]]\n\n but \u00fee *causes yhid \u00feat is to seye in heuene 3816\n trouble \u00fee brestes of men.\n\n [Sidenote: The fickle mob stands amazed at every rare or sudden\n phenomenon.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fee moeueable poeple is\n a-stoned of alle \u00feinges \u00feat comen selde {and} sodeynely in\n oure age.\n\n [Sidenote: Fear and wonder, however, soon cease when ignorance\n given place to certain knowledge.]\n\n but yif \u00fee troubly errour of oure ignora{n}ce\n departid[e] from vs. so \u00feat we wisten \u00fee causes whi \u00feat 3820\n swiche \u00feinges bitiden. certys \u00feei sholde{n} cesse to seme\n wondres.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3794 _arctour_--MS. aritour\n 3795 _neye_--neygh\n 3796 _seyne_--seyn\n _neye_--nygh\n 3797-99 _boetes_--MS. boeces, C. boetes\n 3798 _his_ (1)--hise\n _wey[n]es_--weynes\n 3802 _ful[le]_--fulle\n 3804 _had[de]_--hadde\n 3806 _bacines_--MS. batines\n _\u00feikke_--MS. \u00feilke, C. thilke\n 3807 _seyne_--seyn\n 3808 _hy\u021dt[e]_--hihte\n 3809 _eclips_--eclypse\n 3812 _chorus_--MS. thorus, C. chorus\n 3813 _snowe_--sonwh = snowh\n 3815 _here_--her\n _redyly_--redely\n 3816 _yhid_--MS. yhidde, C. I-hid\n _seye_--seyn\n 3817 _trouble_--trowblen\n 3820 _departid[e] from_--departede fro]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n FIVE GREAT QUESTIONS.]\n\nITA EST INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The syxte p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ So it is. But as thou hast promised to unfold the\n hidden causes of things, and unveil things wrapt up in darkness; I\n pray thee deliver me from my present perplexity, and explain the\n mystery I mentioned to you.]\n\n ++\u00devs is it q{uo}d I. but so as \u00feou hast \u021deuen or byhy\u021dt\n me to vnwrappe{n} \u00fee hidde causes of \u00feinges \u00b6 and 3824\n to discoueren me \u00fee resou{n}s couered w{i}t{h} dirknesses I\n p{re}ye \u00fee \u00feat \u00feou diuise {and} Iuge me of \u00feis matere. {and}\n \u00feat \u00feou do me to vndrestonde{n} it. \u00b6 For \u00feis miracle\n or \u00feis wondre trouble\u00fe me ry\u021dt gretely.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ You ask me to declare to you the most intricate of\n all questions, which I am afraid can scarce be answered.]\n\n {and} \u00fean she a 3828\n litel [what] smylyng seide. \u00b6 \u00feou clepest me q{uo}d\n she to telle \u00feing. \u00feat is grettest of alle \u00feinges \u00feat mowen\n ben axed. \u00b6 And to \u00fee whiche questiou{n} vnne\u00fe[e]s is\n \u00feere au\u021dt ynow to lauen it. as who sei\u00fe. vnne\u00fees is \u00feer 3832\n suffisauntly any \u00feing to answere p{er}fitly to \u00fei questiou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: For the subject is of such a kind, that when one doubt\n is removed, innumerable others, like the heads of the hydra,\n spring up.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00fee matere of it is swiche \u00feat whan oon doute is [[pg 134]]\n determined {and} kut awey \u00feer wexe{n} o\u00feer doutes wi\u00fe-outen\n nou{m}bre. ry\u021dt as \u00fee heuedes waxen of ydre \u00fee 3836\n serpent \u00feat hercules slou\u021d.\n\n [Sidenote: Nor would there be any end of them unless they were\n restrained by a quick and vigorous effort of the mind.]\n\n \u00b6 Ne \u00feere ne were no\n man{er}e ne noon ende. but yif \u00feat a wy\u021dt co{n}streined[e]\n \u00feo doutes. by a ry\u021dt lyuely {and} a quik fire of \u00feou\u021dt. \u00feat\n is to seyn by vigo{ur} {and} streng\u00fee of witte.\n\n [Sidenote: The question whereof you want a solution embraces the\n five following points: 1. Simplicity, or unity of Providence. 2.\n The order and course of Destiny.]\n\n \u00b6 For in 3840\n \u00feis matere me{n} weren wont to maken questiou{n}s of \u00fee\n simplicite of \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce of god {and} of \u00fee ordre of\n destine.\n\n [Sidenote: 3. Sudden chance. 4. Prescience of God, and divine\n predestination. 5. Free-will.]\n\n {and} of sodeyne hap. {and} of \u00fee knowyng {and}\n p{re}destinac{i}ou{n} deuine {and} of \u00fee lyberte of fre wille. 3844\n \u00fee whiche \u00feing \u00feou \u00fei self ap{er}ceiust wel of what wey\u021dt\n \u00feei ben. but for as mochel as \u00fee knowynge of \u00feise\n \u00feinges is a manere porc{i}ou{n} to \u00fee medicine to \u00fee. al be it\n so \u00feat I haue lytel tyme to don it.\n\n [Sidenote: I will try to treat of these things:--]\n\n \u021dit na\u00feeles I wole 3848\n enforcen me to shewe somwhat of it. \u00b6 but al \u00feou\u021d\n \u00fee norissinges of dite of musike delite\u00fe \u00fee \u00feow most\n suffren. {and} forberen a litel of \u00feilk delite while \u00feat I\n weue (contexo) to \u00fee resou{n}s yknyt by ordre \u00b6 As it like\u00fe 3852\n to \u00fee q{uo}d I so do.\n\n [Sidenote: Resuming her discourse as from a new principle,\n Philosophy argued as follows:--]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feo spak she ry\u021dt a[s] by an o\u00feer\n bygynnyn[ge] {and} seide \u00feus.\n\n [Sidenote: The generation of all things, every progression of\n things liable to change, and everything that moveth, derive their\n causes, order, and form from the immutability of the divine\n understanding.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fee enge{n}drynge of alle\n \u00feinges q{uo}d she {and} alle \u00fee progressiou{n}s of muuable\n nat{ur}e. {and} alle \u00fe{a}t moeue\u00fe in any manere taki\u00fe hys 3856\n causes. hys ordre. {and} hys formes. of \u00fee stablenesse of \u00fee\n deuyne \u00feou\u021dt\n\n [Sidenote: Providence directs all things by a variety of means.]\n\n [{and} thilke deuyne thowht] \u00feat is yset {and}\n put in \u00fee toure. \u00feat is to seyne in \u00fee hey\u021dt of \u00fee simplicite\n of god. stablisi\u00fe many manere gyses to \u00feinges \u00feat 3860\n ben to don.\n\n [Sidenote: These means, referred only to the divine intelligence,\n are called Providence; but when contemplated in relation to the\n things which receive motion and order from them, are called\n Destiny.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fee whiche manere whan \u00feat men loken\n it i{n} \u00feilke pure clerenesse of \u00fee deuyne i{n}telligence. it\n is ycleped p{ur}ueaunce \u00b6 but whan \u00feilke manere is referred\n by me{n} to \u00feinges \u00feat it moeue\u00fe {and} dispone\u00fe \u00fean [[pg 135]]\n of olde men. it was cleped destine.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3823 _byhy\u021dt_--by-hyhte\n 3824 _hidde_--hyd\n 3826 _preye_--p{re}ey\n _diuise_--deuyse\n 3827 _do_--don\n 3828 _gretely_--gretly\n 3829 [_what_]--from C.\n 3832 _\u00feere au\u021dt_--ther awht\n 3834 _swiche_--swych\n _oon_--o\n 3835 _wi\u00feouten noumbre_--w{i}t{h}-owte nowmbyr\n 3836 _waxen_--wexen\n 3837 _\u00feere_--ther\n 3838 _constreined[e]_--constreynede\n 3839 _lyuely_--lyfly\n 3840 _witte_--wit\n 3843 _hap_--happe\n 3845 _wey\u021dt_--wyht\n 3848 _wole_--wol\n 3850 _\u00feow_--MS. now, C. \u00fe{o}u\n _most suffren_--MS. moste to souereyne; C. most suffren\n 3851 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 3853 _\u00feo_--so\n _spak_--MS. spake, C. spak\n _a[s]_--as\n 3856 _alle_--al\n 3858 [_and----thowht_]--from C.\n _yset_--MS. ysette, C. yset\n 3859 _toure_--towr\n _seyne_--seyn\n _hey\u021dt_--heyhte\n 3861 _don_--done\n 3862 _clerenesse_--klennesse]\n\n [Headnote:\n OF FATE AND PROVIDENCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Reflection on the efficacy of the one and the other\n will soon cause us to see their differences.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fee whiche 3865\n \u00feinges yif \u00feat any wy\u021dt loke\u00fe wel in his \u00feou\u021dt.\n \u00fee streng\u00fee of \u00feat oon {and} of \u00feat o\u00feer he shal ly\u021dtly mowen\n seen \u00feat \u00feise two \u00feinges ben diuers.\n\n [Sidenote: Providence is the divine intelligence manifested in the\n disposition of worldly affairs.]\n\n \u00b6 For p{ur}ueau{n}ce 3868\n is \u00feilke deuyne resou{n} \u00feat is establissed in \u00fee souereyne\n p{r}ince of \u00feinges. \u00fee whiche p{ur}ueaunce disponi\u00fe alle\n \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Destiny or Fate is that inherent state or condition of\n movable things by means whereof Providence retains them in the\n order in which she has placed them.]\n\n but destine is \u00fee disposic{i}ou{n} {and} ordenaunce\n cleuynge to moeuable \u00feinges. by \u00fee whiche disposic{i}ou{n} 3872\n \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce knyte\u00fe alle \u00feinges in hire ordres.\n\n [Sidenote: Providence embraces all things, although diverse and\n infinite; but Fate gives motion to every individual thing, and in\n the place and under the form appropriated to it.]\n\n \u00b6 For p{ur}ueaunce enbrace\u00fe alle \u00fei{n}ges to hepe. al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat\n \u00feei ben dyuerse {and} al \u00feou\u021d \u00feei ben wi\u00fe outen fyn. but\n destynie dep{ar}te\u00fe {and} ordeyne\u00fe alle \u00feinges singlerly 3876\n {and} diuide\u00fe. in moeuynges. in places. in formes. in\n tymes. dep{ar}ti\u00fe [as] \u00feus.\n\n [Sidenote: So that the explication of this order of things wrapt\n up in the divine intelligence is Providence; and being unfolded\n according to time and other circumstances, may be called Fate.]\n\n so \u00feat \u00fee vnfoldyng of temp{or}el\n ordenaunce assembled {and} ooned in \u00fee lokyng of\n \u00fee deuyne \u00feou\u021dt \u00b6 Is p{ur}ueaunce {and} \u00feilke same 3880\n assemblynge. {and} oonyng diuided {and} vnfolden by\n tymes. lat \u00feat ben called destine.\n\n [Sidenote: Though these things appear to differ, yet one of them\n depends on the other, for the order of Fate proceeds from the\n unity of Providence.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 30 _b_.]]\n\n {and} al be *it so \u00feat\n \u00feise \u00feinges ben dyuerse. \u021ditte na\u00feeles hange\u00fe \u00feat oon\n on \u00feat o\u00feer. forwhi \u00fee ordre destinal p{ro}cedi\u00fe of \u00fee 3884\n simplicite of purueaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: For as a workman, who has formed in his head the plan\n of a work which he is desirous to finish, executes it afterwards,\n and produces after a time all the different parts of the model\n which he has conceived;]\n\n for ry\u021dt as a werkma{n} \u00feat\n ap{er}ceiue\u00fe in hys \u00feou\u021dt \u00fee forme of \u00fee \u00feing \u00feat he wil\n make moeue\u00fe \u00fee effect of \u00fee werke. {and} ledi\u00fe \u00feat he\n had[de] loked byforne in hys \u00feou\u021dt symply {and} p{re}sently 3888\n by temp{or}el \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: so God in the plan of his Providence disposes\n everything to be brought about in a certain order and in a proper\n time;]\n\n \u00b6 Certys ry\u021dt so god disponi\u00fe\n in hys p{ur}ueaunce singlerly {and} stably \u00fee \u00feinges\n \u00feat ben to done. but he amynistre\u00fe in many maneres\n {and} in dyuerse tymes by destyne. \u00feilke same \u00feinges 3892\n \u00feat he ha\u00fe disponed \u00fean whe\u00feir \u00feat destine be excercised.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3872 _cleuynge_--clyuynge\n 3875 _wi\u00fe outen fyn_--Infynyte\n 3876 _singlerly_--syngulerly\n 3877 _in_ (3)--MS. {and}, C. in\n 3878 _departi\u00fe_--omitted\n [_as_]--from C.\n _so \u00feat_--lat\n 3884 _on_--of\n 3886 _wil_--wol\n 3888 _had[de]_--hadde\n _symply_--symplely\n 3889 _\u00feou\u021dt_--ordinau{n}ce\n 3890 _singlerly_--syngulerly\n _stably_--stablely\n 3893 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n [Headnote:\n PROVIDENCE CONTROLS FATE.]\n\n [Sidenote: and afterwards, by the ministry of Fate, he\n accomplishes what he has planned, conformably to that order and\n that time.]\n\n ey\u00feer by so{m}me dyuyne spirites seruaunte\u021d to\n \u00fee deuyne p{ur}ueaunce. or ellys by so{m}me soule (a{n}i{m}a\n mundi). or ellys by al nature seruynge to god. or ellys [[pg 136]]\n by \u00fee celestial moeuyng of sterres. or ellys by \u00fee vertue 3897\n of aungels. or ellys by \u00fee dyuerse subtilite of deueles.\n or ellys by any of he{m}. or ellys by hem alle \u00fee destynal\n ordynau{n}ce is ywouen or accomplissed. certys it is open 3900\n \u00feing \u00feat \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce is an vnmoeueable {and} symple\n forme of \u00feinges to done. {and} \u00fee moeueable bonde {and}\n \u00fee temp{or}el ordynaunce of \u00feinges whiche \u00feat \u00fee deuyne\n simplicite of p{ur}ueaunce ha\u00fe ordeyned to done. \u00feat is 3904\n destine.\n\n [Sidenote: So then, however Fate be exercised, it is evident that\n things subject to Destiny are under the control of Providence,\n which disposes Destiny.]\n\n For whiche it is \u00feat alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben put\n vndir destine ben certys subgit\u021d to p{ur}ueaunce. to\n whiche p{ur}ueaunce destine it self is subgit {and} vndir.\n\n [Sidenote: But some things under Providence are exempt from the\n control of Fate; being stably fixed near to the Divinity himself,\n and beyond the movement of Destiny.]\n\n \u00b6 But so{m}me \u00feinges ben put vndir purueaunce \u00feat 3908\n so{ur}mounten \u00fee ordinaunce of destine. {and} \u00feo ben\n \u00feilke \u00feat stably ben yficched ney to \u00fee first godhed \u00feei\n so{ur}mou{n}ten \u00fee ordre of destinal moeuablite.\n\n [Sidenote: For even, as among several circles revolving round one\n common centre, that which is innermost approaches nearest to the\n simplicity of the middle points, and is, as it were, a centre,\n round which the outward ones revolve;]\n\n \u00b6 For\n ry\u021dt as cercles \u00feat to{ur}nen aboute a same Centre or 3912\n about a poynt. \u00feilke cercle \u00feat is inrest or moost wi\u00fe-ynne\n ioine\u00fe to \u00fee symplesse of \u00fee myddel {and} is as it\n were a Centre or a poynt to \u00feat o\u00feer cercles \u00feat tourne{n}\n aboute{n} hym.\n\n [Sidenote: whilst the outermost, revolving in a wider\n circumference, the further it is from the centre describes a\n larger space--but yet, if this circle or anything else be joined\n to the middle point, it is constrained to be immovable.]\n\n \u00b6 and \u00feilke \u00feat is outerest compased by 3916\n larger envyronnynge is vnfolden by larger spaces in so\n mochel as it is for\u00feest fro \u00fee mydel symplicite of \u00fee\n poynt. and yif \u00feer be any \u00fei{n}g \u00feat knytte\u00fe {and} felawshippe\u00fe\n hym selfe to \u00feilke mydel poynt it is constreyned 3920\n in to symplicite. \u00feat is to seyn in to [vn]moeueablete.\n {and} it ceseth to ben shad {and} to fleti{n} dyuersly.\n\n [Sidenote: By parity of reason, the further anything is removed\n from the first intelligence, so much the more is it under the\n control of Destiny;]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt\n so by semblable resou{n}. \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00feat dep{ar}ti\u00fe fir\u00feest\n fro \u00fee first \u00feou\u021dt of god. it is vnfolde{n} {and} su{m}mittid 3924\n to grettere bondes of destine.\n\n [Sidenote: and the nearer anything approaches to this\n Intelligence, the centre of all things, the more stable it\n becomes, and the less dependent upon Destiny.]\n\n and in so moche is \u00fee\n \u00feing more free {and} lovs fro destyne as it axe\u00fe {and}\n holde\u00fe hym ner to \u00feilke Centre of \u00feinges. \u00feat is to [[pg 137]]\n seyne god.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3894 _ey\u00feer_--owther\n _seruaunte\u021d_--MS. seruaunce\u021d\n 3895 _somme_--som\n 3896 _al_--alle\n 3897 _moeuyng_--moeuynges\n 3900 _ywouen_--MS. ywonnen, C. ywouen\n _or_--{and}\n 3902 _bonde_--bond\n 3904 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3905 _whiche_--which\n 3912 _as_--as of\n 3913 _about_--a-bowte\n _inrest_--innerest\n 3917 _larger_ (1)--a large\n 3918 _mochel_--moche\n _for\u00feest_--ferther{e}\n 3920 _selfe_--self\n 3921 _[vn]moeueablete_--vnmoeuablete\n 3922 _ceseth_--MS. fle\u00fee, C. cesith\n 3923 _\u00feinge_--thing\n 3924 _of_--MS. to, C. of\n 3926 _lovs_--laus\n 3927 _ner_--ner{e}]\n\n [Headnote:\n DESTINY RULES NATURE.]\n\n [Sidenote: And if we suppose that the thing in question is joined\n to the stability of the supreme mind, it then becomes immovable,\n and is beyond the necessity and power of destiny.]\n\n \u00b6 and if \u00fee \u00feinge cleue\u00fe to \u00fee stedfastnesse 3928\n of \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt of god. {and} be wi\u00fe oute moeuyng certys it\n so{ur}mounte\u00fe \u00fee necessite of destyne.\n\n [Sidenote: As reasoning is to the understanding, as that which is\n produced to that which exists of itself, as time to eternity, as\n the circle to the centre, so is the movable order of Fate to the\n stable simplicity of Providence.]\n\n \u00fean ry\u021dt swiche\n comparisou{n} as [it] is of skilynge to vndirstondyng {and}\n of \u00feing \u00feat is engendred to \u00feing \u00feat is. {and} of tyme to 3932\n eternite. {and} of \u00fee cercle to \u00fee Centre. ry\u021dt so is \u00fee\n ordre of moeueable destine to \u00fee stable symplicite of\n p{ur}ueaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: Destiny rules nature.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feilke ordinaunce moeue\u00fe \u00fee heuene\n {and} \u00fee sterres {and} attempre\u00fe \u00fee elyment\u021d to gider 3936\n amonges hem self. {and} t{ra}nsforme\u00fe hem by enterchau{n}gable\n mutac{i}ou{n}. \u00b6 and \u00feilke same ordre newe\u00fe\n a\u021dein alle \u00feinges growyng {and} fallyng a-doune by sembleables\n p{ro}gressiou{n}s of seedes {and} of sexes. \u00feat is 3940\n to sein. male {and} female.\n\n [Sidenote: It controls the actions of men by an indissoluble chain\n of causes, and is, like their origin, immutable.]\n\n and \u00feis ilke ordre co{n}streyne\u00fe\n \u00fee fortunes {and} \u00fee dedes of men by a bonde of causes\n nat able to ben vnbou{n}den (indissolubili). \u00fee whiche\n destinal causes whanne \u00feei passen oute fro \u00fee bygynnynges 3944\n of \u00fee vnmoeueable purueaunce it mot nedes\n be \u00feat \u00feei ne be nat mutable.\n\n [Sidenote: Thus, then, are all things well conducted, since that\n invariable order of cause has its origin in the simplicity of the\n Divine mind, and by its inherent immutability exercises a\n restraint upon mutable things, and preserves them from\n irregularity.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 31.]]\n\n {and} \u00feus ben \u00fee \u00feinges ful\n wel ygouerned. yif \u00feat \u00fee symplicite dwelly{n}ge *in \u00fee\n deuyne \u00feou\u021dt shewe\u00fe fur\u00fee \u00fee ordre of causes. vnable to 3948\n be I-bowed. {and} \u00feis ordre constreyne\u00fe by hys p{ro}pre\n stablete \u00fee moeueable \u00feinges. or ellys \u00feei sholde fleten\n folily\n\n [Sidenote: To those who understand not this order, things appear\n confused--nevertheless, the proper condition of all things directs\n and inclines it to their true good.]\n\n for whiche it is \u00feat alle \u00feinges semen to be confus\n {and} trouble to vs men. for we ne mowe nat co{n}sider{e} 3952\n \u00feilke ordinaunce. \u00b6 Na\u00feeles \u00fee p{ro}pre manere of\n euery \u00feing dressynge hem to goode disponit hem alle.\n\n [Sidenote: For there is nothing done for the sake of evil, not\n even by the wicked, who, in seeking for felicity, are led astray\n by crooked error.]\n\n for \u00feere nis no \u00feinge don for cause of yuel. ne \u00feilke\n \u00feing \u00feat is don by wicked[e] folk nis nat don for yuel 3956\n \u00fee whiche shrewes as I haue shewed [ful] plentiuously\n seken goode. but wicked errour mysto{ur}ni\u00fe he{m}.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3928 _seyne_--seyn\n _\u00feinge cleue\u00fe_--thing clyueth\n _stedfastnesse_--stydefastnesse\n 3930 _swiche_--swych\n 3931 [_it_]--from C.\n 3932 _to_ (2)--MS. of, C. to\n 3937 _enterchaungable_--MS. enterchau{n}gyngable,\n C. entrechaungeable\n 3939 _a-doune_--a-down\n _sembleables_--semblable\n 3942 _bonde_--bond\n 3943 _ben vnbounden_--be vnbownde\n 3944 _oute_--owt\n 3948 _fur\u00fee_--forth\n 3949 _I-bowed_--MS. vnbounde{n}, C. I-bowed\n 3950 _sholde_--sholden\n 3951 _whiche_--which\n 3952 _mowe_--mowen\n 3956 _wicked[e]_--wykkede\n 3957 [_ful_]--from C.\n 3958 _goode_--good]\n\n [[pg 138]]\n [Headnote:\n NOTHING DONE FOR EVIL\u2019S SAKE.]\n\n [Sidenote: But the order proceeding from the centre of supreme\n goodness does not mislead any.]\n\n \u00b6 Ne \u00fee ordre comynge fro \u00fee poynt of souereyne goode ne\n decline\u00fe nat fro hys bygynnynge.\n\n [Sidenote: But you may say, what greater confusion can there be\n than that both prosperous and adverse things should at times\n happen to good men, and that evil men should at one time enjoy\n their desires and at another be tormented by hateful things.]\n\n but \u00feou mayst sein 3960\n what vnreste may ben a wors co{n}fusiou{n} \u00fean \u00fe{a}t goode\n men han so{m}me tyme aduersite. {and} so{m}tyme p{ro}sperite.\n \u00b6 and shrewes also han now \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei\n desiren.\n\n [Sidenote: Are men wise enough to discover, whether those whom\n they believe to be virtuous or wicked, are so in reality?]\n\n {and} now \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat \u00feei haten \u00b6 whe\u00feer men 3964\n lyuen now in swiche hoolnesse of \u00feou\u021dt. as who sei\u00fe.\n ben men now so wise. \u00feat swiche folk as \u00feei demen to\n ben goode folk or shrewes \u00fe{a}t it mot nedes ben \u00feat folk\n ben swiche as \u00feei wenen.\n\n [Sidenote: Opinions differ as to this matter. Some who are deemed\n worthy of reward by one person, are deemed unworthy by another.]\n\n but in \u00feis manere \u00fee domes 3968\n of men discorden. \u00feat \u00feilke men \u00fe{a}t so{m}me folk demen\n wor\u00fei of mede. o\u00feer folk demen hem wor\u00fei of to{ur}ment.\n\n [Sidenote: But, suppose it were possible for one to distinguish\n with certainty between the good and the bad?]\n\n but lat vs graunt[e] I pose \u00feat som man may wel demen\n or knowen \u00fee goode folk {and} \u00fee badde.\n\n [Sidenote: Then he must have as accurate a knowledge of the mind\n as one has of the body.]\n\n May he \u00fean 3972\n knowen {and} seen \u00feilke inrest attemp{er}aunce of corages.\n as it ha\u00fe ben wont to be said of bodyes. as who sai\u00fe\n may a man speken {and} determine of attemp{er}aunce in\n corages. as men were wont to demen or speken of complexiou{n}s 3976\n {and} attemp{er}aunces of bodies (q\u2019 non).\n\n [Sidenote: It is miraculous to him who knows it not, why sweet\n things are agreeable to some bodies, and bitter to others; why\n some sick persons are relieved by lenitives and others by sharper\n remedies.]\n\n ne it [ne] is nat an vnlyke miracle to hem \u00feat ne knowe{n}\n it nat. \u00b6 As who sei\u00fe. but is lyke a merueil or a\n miracle to hem \u00feat ne knowe{n} it nat. whi \u00feat swete 3980\n \u00feinges [ben] couenable to some bodies \u00feat ben hool {and}\n to some bodies bittre \u00feinges ben couenable. {and} also\n whi \u00feat some seke folk ben holpen w{i}t{h} ly\u021dt medicines\n [{and} some folk ben holpen w{i}t{h} sharppe medicynes] 3984\n\n [Sidenote: It is no marvel to the leech, who knows the causes of\n disease, and their cures.]\n\n but na\u00feeles \u00fee leche \u00fe{a}t knowe\u00fe \u00fee manere {and} \u00fee attemp{er}aunce\n of heele {and} of maladie ne merueile\u00fe of it no\n \u00feing.\n\n [Sidenote: What constitutes the health of the mind, but goodness?\n And what are its maladies, but vice?]\n\n but what o\u00feer \u00feing seme\u00fe hele of corages but\n bounte {and} prowesse. {and} what o\u00feer \u00feing seme\u00fe maladie 3988\n of corages but vices.\n\n [Sidenote: Who is the preserver of good, or the driver away of\n evil, but God, the physician of souls, who knows what is necessary\n for men, and bestows it upon them?]\n\n who is ellys kep{er}e of good or\n dryuere awey of yuel but god gouerno{ur} {and} leecher of [[pg 139]]\n \u00feou\u021dtes. \u00fee whiche god wha{n} he ha\u00fe by-holden from \u00fee\n heye toure of hys p{ur}ueaunce he knowe\u00fe what is 3992\n couenable to euery wy\u021dt. {and} lene\u00fe hem \u00feat he wot\n [\u00feat] is couenable to hem.\n\n [Sidenote: From this source springs that great marvel--_the order\n of destiny_--wrought by the wisdom of God, and marveled at by\n ignorant men.]\n\n Loo here of come\u00fe {and}\n here of is don \u00feis noble miracle of \u00fee ordre destinal.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3959 _goode_--good\n 3960 _decline\u00fe_--MS. encline\u00fe, C. declynyth\n 3961 _wors_--worse\n 3962 _somme tyme_--somtyme\n 3965 _swiche_--swych\n 3967 _goode_--good\n _mot_--moste\n 3971 _graunt[e]_--graunte\n 3973 _inrest_--Inneryste\n 3974 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _said_--MS. saide, C. seyd\n 3975 _determine_--det{er}minen\n 3978 [_ne_]--from C.\n _vnlyke_--vn-lyk\n 3979 _lyke_--lik\n 3981 [_ben_]--from C.\n _hool_--hoole\n 3984 [_and----medicynes_]--from C.\n 3991 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 3993 _wot_--MS. wote, C. wot\n 3994 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 3995 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n _miracle_--MS. mirache, C. myracle\n _ordre_--MS. ordre of]\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD THE SOUL\u2019S PHYSICIAN.]\n\n whan god \u00feat alle knowe\u00fe do\u00fe swiche \u00feing. of whiche 3996\n \u00feing [\u00feat] vnknowyng folk ben astoned\n\n [Sidenote: But, now let us notice a few things concerning the\n depth of the Divine knowledge which human reason may comprehend.]\n\n but forto constreine\n as who sei\u00fe \u00b6 But forto co{m}prehende {and} telle\n a fewe \u00feinges of \u00fee deuyne depnesse \u00fee whiche \u00feat mans\n resou{n} may vnderstonde.\n\n [Sidenote: The man you deem just, may appear otherwise to the\n omniscient eye of Providence.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feilk man \u00feat \u00feou wenest 4000\n to ben ry\u021dt Iuste {and} ry\u021dt kepyng of eq{u}ite. \u00fee contrarie\n of \u00feat seme\u00fe to \u00fee deuyne p{ur}ueaunce \u00feat al woot.\n \u00b6 And lucan my familier telle\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee victories cause\n liked[e] to \u00fee goddes {and} causes ouercomen liked[e] to 4004\n cato{u}n.\n\n [Sidenote: When you see apparent irregularities--unexpected and\n unwished for--deem them to be rightly done.]\n\n \u00fean what so euer \u00feou mayst seen \u00feat is don in\n \u00feis [world] vnhoped or vnwened. certys it is \u00fee ry\u021dt[e]\n ordre of \u00feinges. but as to \u00fei wicked[e] oppiniou{n} it is a\n co{n}fusiou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Let us suppose a man so well behaved, as to be approved\n of God and man--but not endowed with firmness of mind, so that the\n reverses of fortune will cause him to forgo his probity, since\n with it he cannot retain his prosperity.]\n\n but I suppose \u00feat som man be so wel y\u00feewed. 4008\n \u00feat \u00fee deuyne Iugement {and} \u00fee Iugeme{n}t of mankynde\n accorden hem to gidre of hym. but he is so vnstedfast\n of corage [\u00feat] yif any aduersite come to hym he wolde\n for-leten p{er}auenture to continue i{n}nocence by \u00fee 4012\n whiche he ne may nat wi\u00feholden fortune.\n\n [Sidenote: A wise Providence, knowing that adversity might destroy\n this man\u2019s integrity, averts from him that adversity which he is\n not able to sustain.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 31 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean \u00fee\n wise dispensac{i}ou{n} of god spare\u00fe hym \u00fee whiche\n man{er}e adu{er}site *my\u021dt[e] enpeyren. \u00b6 For \u00feat god\n wil nat suffren hym to trauaile. to whom \u00feat trauayl 4016\n nis nat couenable.\n\n [Sidenote: Another man is thoroughly virtuous, and approaches to\n the purity of the deity--him Providence deems it an injustice to\n oppress by adversity, and therefore exempts him even from bodily\n disease.]\n\n \u00b6 An o\u00fe{er} man is p{er}fit in alle\n uertues. {and} is an holy man {and} neye to god so \u00feat \u00fee\n p{ur}ueaunce of god wolde demen \u00feat it were a felony\n \u00feat he were touched wi\u00fe any aduersites. so \u00feat he ne 4020\n wil nat suffre \u00feat swiche a man be moeued wi\u00fe any [[pg 140]]\n manere maladie. \u00b6 But so as seide a philosophre [the\n moore excellent by me]. \u00fee adu{er}sites comen nat (he\n seide in grec[;]) \u00feere \u00fe{a}t uertues han edified \u00fee bodie 4024\n of \u00fee holy man.\n\n [Sidenote: Providence often gives the direction of public affairs\n to good men, in order to curb and restrain the malice of the\n wicked.]\n\n and ofte tyme it bitide\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee\n so{m}me of \u00feinges \u00feat ben to don is taken to good folk\n to gouerne. for \u00feat \u00fee malice habundaunt of shrewes\n sholde ben abatid.\n\n [Sidenote: To some is given a mixture of good and evil, according\n to what is most suitable to the dispositions of their minds.]\n\n {and} god \u021deue\u00fe {and} dep{ar}ti\u00fe to o\u00feer 4028\n folk p{ro}sp[er]ites {and} aduersites ymedeled to hepe aftir\n \u00fee qualite of hire corages {and} remordi\u00fe som folk by\n adu{er}sites.\n\n [Sidenote: Upon some are laid moderate afflictions, lest they wax\n proud by too long a course of prosperity.]\n\n for \u00feei ne sholden nat wexen proude by\n longe welefulnesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Others suffer great adversities that their virtues may\n be exercised, and strengthened by the practice of patience.]\n\n {and} o\u00feer folk he suffre\u00fe to ben 4032\n trauayled wi\u00fe harde \u00feinges. \u00b6 For \u00feat \u00feei sholden conferme\n \u00fee vertues of corage by \u00fee vsage {and} ex{er}citac{i}ou{n}\n of pacie{n}ce.\n\n [Sidenote: Some fear to be afflicted with what they are able to\n endure. Others despise what they are unable to bear; and God\n punishes them with calamities, to make them sensible of their\n presumption.]\n\n and o\u00feer folke dreden more \u00feen \u00feei au\u021dten\n \u00fee wiche \u00feei my\u021dt[en] wel beren. {and} \u00feilke folk god 4036\n ledi\u00fe in to exp{er}ience of hem self by aspre {and} sorweful\n \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Many have purchased a great name by a glorious death.]\n\n \u00b6 And many o\u00feer folk han bou\u021dt honorable\n renoune of \u00feis worlde by \u00fee pris of glorious dee\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: Others by their unshaken fortitude, have shown that\n virtue cannot be overcome by adversity.]\n\n and som men \u00feat ne mowen nat ben ouer-comen by 4040\n tourment han \u021deuen ensample to o\u00feer folk \u00feat vertue ne\n may nat be ouer-comen by aduersites.\n\n [[Transcriber\u2019s Note:\n The sidenote \u201cOthers despise what they are unable to bear\u201d does not\n correspond to anything in the text. Skeat\u2019s edition includes the\n phrase \u201cand somme dispyse that they mowe nat beren\u201d (Book IV,\n Prose\u00a06: _Ita Est Inquam_).]]\n\n [Linenotes:\n 3996 _alle_--al\n _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee\n _whiche_--which\n 3997 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 3999 _mans_--mannes\n 4000 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 4004 _liked[e]_ (_both_)--lykede\n 4005 _is don_--MS. is to don\n 4006 [_world_]--from C.\n _ry\u021dt[e]_--ryhte\n 4007 _wicked[e]_--wykkede\n 4010 _vnstedfast_--vnstydefast\n 4011 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n _wolde_--wol\n 4015 _manere_--man\n _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 4016 _wil_--wol\n 4018 _neye_--negh\n 4021 _wil_--wol\n _swiche_--swych\n 4022 _manere_--bodyly\n 4022-3 [_the----me_]--from C.\n 4023 _\u00fee aduersites----nat_--omitted\n 4024 _\u00feere_--omitted\n 4026 _don_--done\n _to_ (2)--MS. so\n _to good----gouerne_--to gou{er}ne to goode folk\n 4028 _o\u00feer_--oothr{e}\n 4030 _som_--some\n 4031 _sholden_--sholde\n 4033 _conferme_--confermen\n 4034 _corage_--corages\n 4036 _my\u021dt[en]_--myhten\n 4037 _hem_--hym\n _sorweful_--sorwful\n 4038 _o\u00feer_--oothr{e}\n 4039 _worlde_--world\n _of_ (2)--of the\n 4041 _o\u00feer_--othr{e}]\n\n [Headnote:\n HOW PROVIDENCE DEALS WITH MANKIND.]\n\n [Sidenote: These things are done justly, and in order, and are for\n the good of those to whom they happen.]\n\n \u00b6 and of alle\n \u00feise \u00feinges \u00feer nis no doute \u00fe{a}t \u00feei ne ben don ry\u021dtfully\n {and} ordeinly to \u00fee p{ro}fit of hem to whom we 4044\n seen \u00feise \u00feinges bitide.\n\n [Sidenote: From the same causes it happens, that sometimes\n adversity and sometimes prosperity falls to the lot of the\n wicked.]\n\n \u00b6 For certys \u00feat aduersite\n come\u00fe some tyme to shrewes. {and} some tyme \u00feat \u00feei\n desiren it come\u00fe of \u00feise forseide causes\n\n [Sidenote: None are surprised to see bad men afflicted--they get\n what they deserve.]\n\n {and} of sorweful\n \u00feinges \u00feat bytyden to shrewes. Certys no man ne 4048\n wondre\u00fe. For alle me{n} wenen \u00feat \u00feei han wel deserued it.\n\n [Sidenote: Their punishment, too, may cause amendment, or deter\n others from like vices.]\n\n {and} \u00feei ben of wicked m{er}ite of whiche\n shrewes \u00fee to{ur}ment som tyme agaste\u00fe o\u00feer to done [[pg 141]]\n folies. {and} som tyme it amende\u00fe hem \u00feat suffren \u00fee 4052\n to{ur}mentis.\n\n [Sidenote: When the wicked enjoy felicity--the good should learn\n how little these external advantages are to be prized, which may\n fall to the lot of the most worthless.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00fee p{ro}sp{er}ite \u00feat is \u021deuen to\n shrewes shewe\u00fe a grete argument to good[e] folk what\n \u00feing \u00feei sholde demen of \u00feilk wilfulnesse \u00fee whiche\n p{ro}sperite men seen ofte serue to shrewes.\n\n [Sidenote: Another reason for dispensing worldly bliss to the\n wicked is, that indigence would prompt naturally violent and\n rapacious minds to commit the greatest enormities.]\n\n in \u00fee whiche 4056\n \u00feing I trowe \u00feat god dispensi\u00fe. for p{er}auenture \u00fee nature\n of som man is so ouer\u00ferowyng to yuel {and} so vncouenable\n \u00feat \u00fee nedy pouerte of hys house-hold my\u021dt[e]\n ra\u00feer egren hym to done felonies.\n\n [Sidenote: Their disease God cures by the medicine of money.]\n\n and to \u00fee maladie 4060\n of hym god putti\u00fe remedie to \u021diuen hym rychesse.\n\n [Sidenote: Some men will cease to do wrong for fear, lest their\n wealth be lost through their crimes.]\n\n {and} som o\u00feer man byholdi\u00fe hys conscience defouled wi\u00fe\n synnes {and} maki\u00fe co{m}parisou{n} of his fortune {and} of\n hym self \u00b6 and dredi\u00fe p{er}auenture \u00feat hys blisfulnesse 4064\n of whiche \u00fee vsage is ioyful to hym \u00feat \u00fee lesynge of\n \u00feilke blisfulnesse ne be nat sorweful to hym. {and} \u00feerfore\n he wol chaunge hys maneres. and for he dredi\u00fe\n to lese hys fortune. he forleti\u00fe hys wickednesse. 4068\n\n [Sidenote: Upon others unmerited happiness is conferred, which at\n last precipitates them into deserved destruction.]\n\n to o\u00feer folk is welefulnesse y\u021deue{n} vnwor\u00feily \u00fee whiche\n ouer\u00ferowe\u00fe hem in to destrucc{i}ou{n} \u00feat \u00feei han deserued.\n\n [Sidenote: To some there is given the power of chastisement, in\n order both to exercise the virtues of the good and to punish the\n wicked.]\n\n and to som o\u00feer folk is \u021deuen power to\n punisse{n}. for \u00feat it shal be cause of continuac{i}ou{n} {and} 4072\n ex{er}cisinge to good[e] folk. {and} cause of to{ur}ment to\n shrewes.\n\n [Sidenote: For as there is no alliance between good and bad, so\n neither can the vicious agree together.]\n\n \u00b6 For so as \u00feer nis none alyaunce bytwixe\n good[e] folke {and} shrewes. ne shrewes ne mowen nat\n accorde{n} amo{n}ges hem self\n\n [Sidenote: And how should they? Their vices make them at war with\n themselves, rending and tearing their consciences, and there is\n scarce anything they do, but what afterwards they disapprove of.]\n\n {and} whi nat. for shrewes 4076\n discorde{n} of hem self by her vices \u00fee whiche vices al to\n renden her consciences. {and} don oft[e] tyme \u00feinges \u00fee\n whiche \u00feinges whan \u00feei han don hem. \u00feei demen \u00feat\n \u00feo \u00feinges ne sholde nat han ben don.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence arises a signal miracle brought about by\n Providence--that evil men have often made wicked men good.]\n\n for whiche \u00feinge 4080\n \u00feilke souereyne p{ur}ueaunce ha\u00fe maked oft[e] tyme\n [fair{e}] miracle so \u00fe{a}t shrewes han maked oftyme [[pg 142]]\n shrewes to ben good[e] men.\n\n [Sidenote: For these latter having suffered injuries from the\n former, have become virtuous, in order that they might not\n resemble those whom they so detested.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 32.]]\n\n for whan \u00feat som shrewes\n *seen \u00feat \u00feei suffren wrongfully felonies of o\u00feer shrewes 4084\n \u00feei wexen eschaufed in to hat[e] of hem \u00feat anoien\n hem. {and} retournen to \u00fee fruit of uertue. when \u00feei\n studien to ben vnlyke to he{m} \u00feat \u00feei han hated.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4046 _come\u00fe_--comth\n _some_ (_both_)--som\n _\u00feat \u00feei_--MS. \u00feei \u00feat, C. \u00fe{a}t that they\n 4047 _come\u00fe_--comth\n _sorweful_--sorwful\n 4050 _wicked_--wykkede\n _merite_--MS. u{er}ite, C. m{er}yte\n 4051 _o\u00feer_--oothr{e}\n _done_--don\n 4052 _folies_--felonies\n 4054 _grete_--gret\n _good[e]_--goode\n 4055 _sholde_--sholden\n _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 4056 _serue_--seruen\n _whiche_--which\n 4057 _dispensi\u00fe_--MS. dispisi\u00fe, C. dispensith\n 4059 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 4060 _done_--don\n 4061 _rychesse_--Rychesses\n 4065 _whiche_--which\n 4068 MS. wrongly inserts _welefulnesse_ after _wickednesse_\n 4069-71 _o\u00feer_--oothr{e}\n 4073 _good[e]_--goode\n 4074 _none_--non\n 4075 _good[e]_--goode\n 4076 _accorden_--acordy\n 4078 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n _oft[e]_--ofte\n 4079 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 4080 _sholde_--sholden\n _whiche \u00feinge_--which thing\n 4081 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _oft[e]_--ofte\n 4082 [_faire_]--from C.\n _oftyme_--omitted\n 4083 _good[e]_--goode\n 4085 _hat[e]_--hate\n _anoien_--anoyeden\n 4087 _studien_--omitted\n _vnlyke_--vnlyk]\n\n [Headnote:\n EVIL IS OVERRULED FOR GOOD.]\n\n [Sidenote: It is only the Divine power that can turn evil to good,\n overruling it for his own purposes.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys \u00feis only is \u00fee deuyne my\u021dt to \u00fee whiche my\u021dt 4088\n yueles ben \u00fean good. whan it vse\u00fe \u00feo yueles couenably\n {and} drawe\u00fe out \u00fee effect of any good. as who sei\u00fe \u00feat\n yuel is good oonly by \u00fee my\u021dt of god. for \u00fee my\u021dt of\n god ordeyne\u00fe \u00feilk yuel to good. For oon ordre enbrasi\u00fe 4092\n alle \u00feinges. so \u00feat what wy\u021dt [\u00fe{a}t] dep{ar}ti\u00fe fro\n \u00fee resou{n} of \u00fee ordre whiche \u00feat is assigned to hym.\n algates \u021dit he slide\u00fe in to an o\u00fe{er} ordre.\n\n [Sidenote: Nothing occurs by the caprice of chance in the realms\n of Divine Providence.]\n\n so \u00feat no\u00feing\n nis leueful to folye in \u00fee realme of \u00fee deuyne p{ur}ueaunce. 4096\n as who sei\u00fe no \u00feing nis wi\u00feouten ordinaunce in\n \u00fee realme of \u00fee deuyne purueaunce.\n\n [Sidenote: Since God is the governor of all things, it is not\n lawful to man to attempt to comprehend the whole of the Divine\n economy, or to explain it in words.]\n\n \u00b6 Syn \u00feat \u00fee ry\u021dt\n strong[e] god gouerni\u00fe alle \u00feinges in \u00feis worlde for it\n nis nat leueful to no man to co{m}p{re}henden by witte ne 4100\n vnfolden by worde alle \u00fee subtil ordinaunces {and} disposic{i}ou{n}s\n of \u00fee deuyne entent.\n\n [Sidenote: Let it suffice to know that God orders all things for\n the best.]\n\n for oonly it au\u021dt[e]\n suffice to han loked \u00feat god hym self makere of alle\n natures ordeyni\u00fe and dressi\u00fe alle \u00feinges to good.\n\n [Sidenote: And while he retains things created after his own\n likeness conformably to his goodness, he banishes evil by the\n cause of destiny out of his empire.]\n\n while 4104\n \u00feat he hasti\u00fe to wi\u00fehalden \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat he ha\u00fe maked\n in to hys semblaunce. \u00feat is to seyn forto wi\u00feholden\n \u00feinges in to good. for he hym self is good he chase\u00fe\n oute al yuel of \u00fee boundes of hys co{m}munalite by \u00fee 4108\n ordre of necessite destinable.\n\n [Sidenote: So that those evils which you seem to see are only\n imaginary.]\n\n For whiche it folwe\u00fe \u00feat\n yif \u00feou loke \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce ordeynynge \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat\n men wenen ben haboundaunt in er\u00fees. \u00feou ne shalt not\n seen in no place no \u00feing of yuel.\n\n [Sidenote: But you are exhausted and weary with the prolixity of\n my reasoning, and look for relief from the harmony of my verse.]\n\n \u00b6 but I se now \u00feat 4112\n \u00feou art charged wi\u00fe \u00fee wey\u021dte of \u00fee questiou[n] {and} [[pg 143]]\n wery wi\u00fe leng\u00fee of my resou{n}. {and} \u00feat \u00feou abidest som\n swetnesse of songe.\n\n [Sidenote: Take, then, this draught, with which when refreshed,\n you may more strongly proceed to higher matters.]\n\n tak \u00fea{n} \u00feis drau\u021dt {and} whan \u00feou\n art wel refresshed {and} refet \u00feou shalt ben more stedfast 4116\n to stye in to heyere questiou{n}s.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4089-90 _good_--goode\n 4092 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 4093 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 4094 _\u00fee_ (2)--thilke\n _whiche_--which\n 4096 _realme_--Reame\n 4099 _strong[e]_--stronge\n _worlde_--world\n 4100 _no_--omitted\n _witte_--wit\n 4101 _worde alle_--word al\n 4102 _au\u021dt[e]_--owhte\n 4104 _good while_--goode wyl\n 4105 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4108 _of_ (1)--fro\n 4109 _whiche_--which\n 4111 _ben haboundaunt_--ben out{ra}ious / or habowndant\n 4115 _tak_--MS. take, C. tak\n 4116 _refet_--refect\n _shalt ben_--shal be\n _stedfast_--stydefast]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n LOVE TEMPERS ALL THINGS.]\n\nSI UIS CELSI IURA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The syxte Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: If thou wouldst explore the laws of the high Thunderer,\n behold the lofty heavens, where, bound by fixed laws, the stars\n keep their ancient peace.]\n\n ++Yif \u00feou wolt demen in \u00fei pur{e} \u00feou\u021dt \u00fee ry\u021dtes or \u00fee\n lawes of \u00fee heye \u00feund[ere]re. \u00feat is to seyne of god.\n loke \u00feou {and} bihold \u00fee hey\u021dtes of souereyne heuene. 4120\n \u00b6 \u00feere kepen \u00fee sterres by ry\u021dtful alliaunce of \u00feinges\n hir olde pees.\n\n [Sidenote: There the rosy Sun does not invade the moon\u2019s colder\n sphere. Nor doth the Bear stray from his appointed bounds, to\n quench his light in the western main.]\n\n \u00fee sonne ymoeued by hys rody fire. ne\n destourbi\u00fe nat \u00fee colde cercle of \u00fee moone. \u00b6 Ne \u00fee\n sterre yclepid \u00fee bere. \u00fe{a}t enclini\u00fe hys rauyssynge 4124\n courses abouten \u00fee souereyne hey\u021dt of \u00fee worlde. ne \u00fee\n same sterre vrsa nis neuer mo wasshen in \u00fee depe\n westerne see. ne coueiti\u00fe nat to dy\u021den hys flaumbes in\n \u00fee see of [the] occian. al \u00feou\u021d he see o\u00feer sterres yplounged 4128\n in to \u00fee see.\n\n [Sidenote: Vesper always makes its wonted appearance at eve.\n Lucifer ushers in the morn.]\n\n \u00b6 And hesperus \u00fee sterre\n bodi\u00fe {and} telli\u00fe alwey \u00fee late ny\u021dtes. And lucifer \u00fee\n sterre brynge\u00fe a\u021deyne \u00fee clere day.\n\n [Sidenote: So mutual love moves all things, and from the starry\n region banishes all strife.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00feus maki\u00fe\n loue enterchaungeable \u00fee p{er}durable courses. {and} \u00feus 4132\n is discordable bataile yput oute of \u00fee contre of \u00fee sterres.\n\n [Sidenote: This concord in equal measures tempers the elements, so\n that the moist atoms war no more with the dry, nor heat with cold\n contends; but the aspiring flame soars aloft, while down the heavy\n earth descends.]\n\n \u00feis accordaunce atte{m}pre\u00fe by euene-lyke manere[s] \u00fee\n elementes. \u00feat \u00fee moyste \u00feinges striuen nat wi\u00fe \u00fee\n drye \u00feinges. but \u021diuen place by stoundes. and \u00feat \u00fee 4136\n colde \u00feinges ioynen hem by fei\u00fe to \u00fee hote \u00feinges. {and}\n \u00feat \u00fee ly\u021dt[e] fyre arist in to hey\u021dte. {and} \u00fee heuy er\u00fees\n aualen by her wey\u021dtes.\n\n [Sidenote: By these same causes the flowing year yields sweet\n smells in the warm spring-tide; the hot summer ripens the corn.]\n\n \u00b6 by \u00feise same cause \u00fee floury\n yere \u021delde\u00fe swote smellys in \u00fee fyrste somer sesou{n} 4140\n warmynge. {and} \u00fee hote somer drye\u00fe \u00fee cornes.\n\n [Sidenote: Autumn comes crowned with plenty, and winter wets the\n earth with showers.]\n\n {and} autumpne come\u00fe a\u021deyne heuy of apples. and \u00fee fletyng [[pg 144]]\n reyne bydewe\u00fe \u00fee wynter. \u00feis attemp{er}aunce noryssi\u00fe\n {and} bryngge\u00fe fur\u00fee al \u00feinge \u00feat bredi\u00fe lyfe in \u00feis 4144\n worlde.\n\n [Sidenote: These changes give life and growth to all that breathe;\n and at last by death efface whatever has had birth.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 32 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 and \u00feilk same attemp{er}aunce rauyssyng hide\u00fe\n {and} bynyme\u00fe {and} drenche\u00fe vndir \u00fee last[e] de\u00fee alle\n *\u00feinges yborn.\n\n [Sidenote: Meanwhile the world\u2019s Creator, the Source of all, the\n Lawgiver, the wise Judge, sits above equitably directing all\n things.]\n\n \u00b6 Amonges \u00feise \u00feinges sitte\u00fe \u00fee heye\n makere kyng {and} lorde. welle {and} bygynnynge. lawe 4148\n {and} wise Iuge. to don equite {and} gouerni\u00fe {and} enclini\u00fe\n \u00fee bridles of \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Those things which have been set in motion by him are\n also checked and forced to move in an endless round, lest they go\n from their source, and become chaotic.]\n\n {and} \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat he stire\u00fe to don\n by moeuynge he wi\u00fedrawe\u00fe {and} aresti\u00fe {and} affermi\u00fe \u00fee\n moeueable or wandryng \u00feinges. \u00b6 For \u021dif \u00feat he ne 4152\n clepi\u00fe nat a\u021dein \u00fee ry\u021dt goynge of \u00feinges. {and} \u021dif \u00feat he\n ne constreyned[e] hem nat eftesones in to roundenesse\n enclined \u00fee \u00feinges \u00fe{a}t ben now continued by stable\n ordinaunce. \u00feei sholde deperten from hir welle. \u00feat is 4156\n to sein from hir bygynnynge {and} failen. \u00feat is to sein\n to{ur}nen in to nau\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: This love is common to all things, and all things tend\n to good; so, urged by this, they all revert to that First Cause\n that gave them being.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feis is \u00fee co{m}mune loue of alle\n \u00feinges. {and} alle \u00fei{n}ges axen to be holden by \u00fee fyn of\n good. For ellys ne my\u021dten \u00feei nat lasten yif \u00feei ne 4160\n come nat eftesones a\u021deine by loue retourned to \u00fee cause\n \u00feat ha\u00fe \u021deuen he{m} beynge. \u00feat is to seyn to god.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4118 _\u00feou wolt_--\u00fe{o}u wys wilt\n 4119 _\u00feund[ere]re_--thonderer{e}\n _seyne_--seyn\n 4120 _bihold_--MS. biholde, C. byhold\n 4122 _rody_--MS. redy, C. rody\n _fire_--Fyr\n 4123 _cercle_--clerke\n 4125 _courses_--cours\n _hey\u021dt_--heyhte\n 4127 _westerne_--westrene\n _dy\u021den_--deeyn\n 4128 [_the_]--from C.\n _he see_--MS. it sewe, C. he see\n _o\u00feer_--oothr{e}\n 4131 _a\u021deyne_--ayein\n 4133 _oute_--owt\n 4134 _euene-lyke manere[s]_--euenelyk maneres\n 4135 _striuen_--stryuynge\n _nat_--omitted\n 4136 _but_--omitted\n 4138 _ly\u021dt[e] fyre arist_--lyhte fyr arysith\n 4140 _yere_--\u021der\n 4142 _come\u00fe a\u021deyne_--comth ayein\n 4143 _reyne_--reyn\n 4144 _fur\u00fee al \u00feinge_--forth alle thing\n _bredi\u00fe lyfe_--berith lyf\n 4145 _worlde_--world\n _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 4146 _last[e] de\u00fee_--laste deth\n 4147 _yborn_--MS. yborne, C. I-born\n 4148 _lorde_--lord\n 4149 _wise_--wys\n 4150 _stire\u00fe_--sterith\n _don_--gon\n 4151 _\u00fee_--omitted\n 4153 _clepi\u00fe_--klepede\n 4154 _constreyned[e]_--constreynede\n _roundenesse_--Rowndnesses\n 4156 _sholde_--sholden\n 4158 _tournen_--torne\n _of_--to\n 4159 _be_--ben\n 4161 _eftesones a\u021deine_--eft sones ayein\n 4162 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n ALL FORTUNE IS BENEFICIAL.]\n\nIAM NE IGITUR UIDES.\n\n [Sidenote: [The seuende p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Do you see what follows from our arguments?]\n\n ++Sest \u00feou nat \u00fean what \u00feing folwe\u00fe alle \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat I\n haue seid.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What is it?]\n\n what \u00feing q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ That all fortune is good.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d she 4164\n outerly \u00feat al fortune is good.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ How can that be?]\n\n and how may \u00feat be\n q{uo}d .I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Since all fortune, whether prosperous or adverse,\n is for the reward of the good or the punishment of the bad, all\n fortune is good which is either just or useful.]\n\n \u00b6 Now vndirstand q{uo}d she so as [alle\n fortune wheyther so it be Ioyeful fortune / or aspr{e}]\n fortune is \u021diuen ei\u00feer by cause of g{er}donynge or ellys of 4168\n ex{er}cisynge of goode folk or ellys by cause to punissen.\n or ellys to chastysen shrewes. \u00b6 \u00fean is alle fortune [[pg 145]]\n good. \u00fee whiche fortune is certeyne \u00feat it be ei\u00feer ry\u021dtful\n or p{ro}fitable.\n\n [Sidenote: But let us put this opinion among those positions which\n thou saidst were not commonly believed by the people.]\n\n \u00b6 For so\u00fee \u00feis is a ful verray resou{n} 4172\n q{uo}d I. and yif I considere \u00fee p{ur}ueau{n}ce {and} \u00fee\n destine \u00feat \u00feou tau\u021dtest me a litel here byforne \u00feis sentence\n is susteyned by stedfast resou{n}s. but yif it like\n vnto \u00fee lat vs nou{m}bre hem amonges \u00feilk[e] \u00feinges of 4176\n whiche \u00feou seidest a litel here byforne \u00feat \u00feei ne were\n nat able to ben ywened to \u00fee poeple.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Why so?]\n\n \u00b6 whi so q{uo}d she.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Because it is a common expression that _the\n fortune of such a one is bad_.]\n\n for \u00feat \u00fee comune worde of men mysusi\u00fe q{uo}d I.\n \u00feis manere speche of fortune. {and} sein ofte tymes [\u00fe{a}t] 4180\n \u00fee fortune of som wy\u021dt is wicked.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4163 _\u00feing_--thinge\n 4165 _outerly_--al owtrely\n _al_--alle\n 4166-7 [_alle----aspre_]--from C.\n 4169 _goode_--good\n 4174 _here byforne_--her by-forn\n 4175 _stedfast_--stydefast\n 4176 _noumbre_--nowmbren\n _\u00feilk[e]_--thilke\n 4177 _here byforne_--her by-forn\n 4178 _ywened_--weened\n 4179 _worde_--word]\n\n [Headnote:\n PUNISHMENT IS BENEFICIAL.]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Do you wish me to conform for awhile to the\n language of the people, lest we should seem to depart too much\n from the popular mode of expression?]\n\n wilt \u00feou \u00fean q{uo}d\n she \u00feat I p{ro}che a litel to \u00fee wordes of \u00fee poeple so it\n seme nat to hem \u00feat I be ouer moche dep{ar}tid as fro \u00fee\n vsage of man kynde.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ As you please.]\n\n as \u00feou wolt q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Is everything profitable that is good?]\n\n \u00b6 Demest 4184\n \u00feou nat q{uo}d she \u00feat al \u00feing \u00feat p{ro}fiti\u00fe is good.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Yes, certainly.]\n\n \u021dis q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ That which exercises or corrects is profitable?]\n\n certis \u00feilk \u00feing \u00feat ex{er}cisi\u00fe or corigi\u00fe profiti\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It is.]\n\n I confesse it wel q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Therefore it is good?]\n\n \u00fean is it good q{uo}d she.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Yes.]\n\n whi nat q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ This is the fortune of the virtuous who combat\n with adversity, or of those who, relinquishing vice, pursue the\n path of virtue?]\n\n but \u00feis is \u00fee fortune [q{uod} she] of 4188\n hem \u00feat ei\u00feer ben put in vertue {and} batailen a\u021deins\n aspre \u00feinges. or ellys of hem \u00feat eschewen {and} declinen\n fro vices {and} taken \u00fee weye of vertue.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ It is.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feis ne may\n nat I denye q{uo}d I\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ The vulgar regard that prosperity which is\n bestowed as a reward on the good to be beneficial, and they\n believe those calamities by which the wicked are punished as the\n most miserable things that can be imagined.]\n\n \u00b6 But what seist \u00feou of \u00fee myrye 4192\n fortune \u00feat is \u021deuen to good folk in gerdou{n} deuini\u00fe\n ou\u021dt \u00fee poeples \u00feat it is wicked. nay forso\u00fee q{uo}d I. but\n \u00feei demen as it so\u00fee is \u00feat it is ry\u021dt good. \u00b6 And what\n seist \u00feou of \u00feat o\u00feer fortune q{uo}d she. \u00feat al \u00feou\u021d it 4196\n be aspre {and} restreini\u00fe \u00fee shrewes by ry\u021dtful tourment.\n weni\u00fe ou\u021dt \u00fee poeple \u00fe{a}t it be good. nay q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0But\n \u00fee poeple demi\u00fe \u00feat it be most wrecched of alle \u00feinges\n \u00feat may ben \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: But in following the popular opinion, let us beware of\n being involved in some new and incredible consequence.]\n\n war now {and} loke wel q{uo}d she 4200\n lest \u00feat we in folwyng \u00fee opyniou{n} of poeple haue confessed\n {and} co{n}cluded \u00feing \u00feat is vnable to be wened to [[pg 146]]\n \u00fee poeple.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ What is that?]\n\n what is \u00feat q{uo}d I\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ We have decided that the fortune of the virtuous\n or of those growing up in virtue must needs be good--but that the\n fortune of the wicked must be most wretched.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d she it\n folwe\u00fe or come\u00fe of \u00feinges \u00fe{a}t ben graunted \u00feat alle 4204\n fortune what so euer it be. of hem \u00feat ey\u00feer ben i{n}\n possessiou{n} of vertue. [or in the encres of vertu] or ellys\n in \u00fee purchasynge of vertue. \u00feat \u00feilke fortune is good.\n \u00b6 And \u00feat alle fortune is ry\u021dt wicked to hem \u00feat 4208\n dwellen in shrewednesse. as who sei\u00fe. {and} \u00feus wene\u00fe\n nat \u00fee poeple.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4180 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 4181 _wicked_--wykkede\n 4182 _proche_--aproche\n 4185 _al_--alle\n 4186 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 4188 [_quod she_]--from C.\n 4191 _weye_--wey\n 4193 _deuini\u00fe_--demyth\n 4194 _ou\u021dt_--awht\n 4195 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 4198 _ou\u021dt_--awht\n 4199 _be_--is\n 4204 _come\u00fe_--comth\n 4206 [_or----vertu_] from C.\n 4208 _wicked_--wykkede]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE FORTUNE OF THE VIRTUOUS IS GOOD.]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ That\u2019s true, though none dare acknowledge it.]\n\n \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat is so\u00fee q{uo}d I. \u00b6 Al be it so\n \u00feat noma{n} dar confesse{n} it ne byknowen it.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Why so? The wise man ought not to be cast down,\n when he has to wage war with Fortune, no more than the valiant man\n ought to be dismayed on hearing the noise of the battle.]\n\n \u00b6 whi so\n q{uo}d she.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 33.]]\n\n For ry\u021dt as no strong man ne seme\u00fe nat to 4212\n abassen or disdaigne{n} as *ofte tyme as he here\u00fe \u00fee noise\n of \u00fee bataile. ne also it ne seme\u00fe nat to \u00fee wyse man to\n beren it greuously as oft[e] as he is lad in to \u00fee strif of\n fortune.\n\n [Sidenote: The dangers of war enable the one to acquire more\n glory, and the difficulties of the other aid him to confirm and\n improve his wisdom.]\n\n for bo\u00fee to \u00feat on man {and} eke to \u00feat o\u00fe{er} 4216\n \u00feilke difficulte is \u00fee matere to \u00feat oon man of encrese\n of his glorious renou{n}. {and} to \u00feat o\u00feer man to conferme\n hys sapience. \u00feat is to seine \u00fee asprenesse of hys estat.\n\n [Sidenote: Thus virtue, in its literal acceptation, is a power\n that, relying on its own strength, overcomes all obstacles.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feerfore is it called uertue. for \u00feat it susteni\u00fe {and} 4220\n enforce\u00fe by hys streng\u00fees \u00feat it nis nat ouer-come{n} by\n aduersites.\n\n [Sidenote: You, who have made so much progress in virtue, are not\n to be carried away by delights and bodily lusts.]\n\n \u00b6 Ne certys \u00feou \u00feat art put in \u00fee encrese\n or in \u00fee hey\u021dt of uertue ne hast nat comen to fleten wi\u00fe\n delices {and} forto welken in bodyly lust.\n\n [Sidenote: You must engage in a fierce conflict with every\n fortune--with adversity, lest it dismay you--with prosperity, lest\n it corrupt you.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feou sowest 4224\n or plauntest a ful egre bataile in \u00fei corage a\u021deins euery\n fortune. for \u00feat \u00fee sorweful fortune ne co{n}fou{n}de \u00fee nat.\n ne \u00feat \u00fee myrye fortune ne corrumpe \u00fee nat.\n\n [Sidenote: Seize the _golden mean_ with all your strength. All\n below or above this line is a contemptible and a thankless\n felicity.]\n\n \u00b6 Occupy\n \u00fee mene by stedfast streng\u00fees. for al \u00feat euer is vndir 4228\n \u00fee mene. or ellys al \u00feat ou{er}-passe\u00fe \u00fee mene despise\u00fe\n welefulnesses. \u00b6 As who sei\u00fe. it is vicious {and} ne ha\u00fe\n no mede of hys trauaile.\n\n [Sidenote: The choice of fortune lies in your own hands, but\n remember that even adverse fortune, unless it exercises the\n virtues of the good or chastises the wicked, is a punishment.]\n\n \u00b6 For it is set in \u021dour{e} hand.\n as who sei\u00fe it lie\u00fe in \u021dour{e} power what fortune \u021dow is 4232\n leuest. \u00feat is to seyne good or yuel. \u00b6 For alle fortune\n \u00feat seme\u00fe sharpe or aspre yif it ne ex{er}cise nat \u00fee good [[pg 147]]\n folk. ne chastisi\u00fe \u00fee wicked folk. it punisse\u00fe.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4210 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 4211 _confessen_--co{n}fesse\n 4212 _no strong_--the stronge\n 4213 _abassen_--abayssen\n 4215 _oft[e]_--ofte\n 4219 _seine_--seyn\n 4223 _hey\u021dt_--heyhte\n 4224 _welken_--wellen\n 4226 _confounde_--MS. co{n}fou{n}ded, C. confownde\n 4227 _Occupy_--Ocupye\n 4228 _stedfast_--stydefast\n 4230 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4231 _set_--MS. sette, C. set\n 4232 _lie\u00fe_--lith\n 4233 _seyne_--seyn\n 4234 _sharpe_--sharp]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n WE CHOOSE OUR OWN FORTUNE.]\n\nBELLA BIS QUENIS. {ET} C{ETERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The seuende Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Atrides carried on a ten years\u2019 war to punish the\n licentious Paris.]\n\n ++\u00deE wrekere attrides \u00b6 \u00feat is to seyne agamenon \u00feat 4236\n wrou\u021dt[e] {and} continued[e] \u00fee batailes by ten \u021dere\n recouered[e] {and} p{ur}ged[e] in wrekyng by \u00fee destrucc{i}ou{n}\n of troie \u00fee loste chambres of mariage of hys bro\u00feer\n \u00feis is to seyn \u00feat [he] agamenon wan a\u021dein Eleine \u00feat 4240\n was Menelaus wif his bro\u00feer.\n\n [Sidenote: With blood he purchased propitious gales for the\n Grecian fleet, by casting off all fatherly pity, and sacrificing\n his daughter Iphigenia to the vengeance of Diana.]\n\n In \u00fee mene while \u00feat\n \u00feilke agamenon desired[e] to \u021deuen sailes to \u00fee grekyssh{e}\n nauye {and} bou\u021dt[e] a\u021dein \u00fee wyndes by blode. he\n vnclo\u00feed[e] hym of pite as fad{er}. {and} \u00fee sory p{re}st 4244\n \u021diue\u00fe in sacrifiynge \u00fee wreched kuyttyng of \u00ferote of \u00fee\n dou\u021dter. \u00b6 \u00feat is to sein \u00feat agamenon lete kuytte{n} \u00fee\n \u00ferote of hys dou\u021dter by \u00fee prest. to maken alliaunce wi\u00fe\n hys goddes. {and} for to haue wynde wi\u00fe whiche he 4248\n my\u021dt[e] wende to troie.\n\n [Sidenote: Ulysses bewailed his lost mates, devoured by\n Polyphemus, but, having deprived the Cyclop of his sight, he\n rejoiced to hear the monster\u2019s roar.]\n\n \u00b6 Itakus \u00feat is to sein vlixies\n bywept[e] hys felawes ylorn \u00fee whiche felawes \u00fee\n fiers[e] pholifem{us} ligginge in his grete Caue had[de]\n freten {and} dreint in hys empty wombe. but na\u00feeles 4252\n polifem{us} wood for his blinde visage \u021deld to vlixies ioye\n by hys sorowful teres. \u00feis is to seyn \u00feat vlixes smot\n oute \u00fee eye of poliphem{us} \u00feat stod in hys forhede.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4236 _seyne_--seyn\n 4237 _wrou\u021dt[e]_--wrowhte\n _continued[e]_--continuede\n _\u021dere_--\u021der\n 4238 _purged[e]_--purgede\n 4240 [_he_]--from C.\n _wan_--MS. wanne, C. wan\n 4242 _desired[e]_--desirede\n 4243 _bou\u021dt[e]_--bowhte\n _blode_--blod\n 4244 _vnclo\u00feed[e]_--vnclothede\n _as_--of\n 4245 _kuyttyng_--MS. knyttyng, C. kuttynge\n 4246 _lete_--let\n _kuytten_--MS. knytte{n}, C. kuttyn\n 4248 _haue_--han\n 4249 _my\u021dt[e] wende_--myhte wenden\n 4250 _bywept[e]_--by-wepte\n _ylorn_--MS. ylorne, C. y-lorn\n 4251 _fiers[e]_--feerse\n _had[de]_--hadde\n 4253 _\u021deld_--yald\n 4254 _sorowful_--sorwful\n _smot_--MS. smote, C. smot\n 4255 _oute_--owt\n _stod_--MS. stode, C. stood\n _forhede_--forehed]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE LABOURS OF HERCULES.]\n\n for whiche vlixes hadde ioie whan he saw poliphem{us} 4256\n wepyng {and} blynde.\n\n [Sidenote: Hercules is renowned for his many labours, so\n successfully overcome.]\n\n \u00b6 Hercules is celebrable for hys\n hard[e] trauaile\n\n [Sidenote: He overthrew the proud Centaurs;]\n\n he dawntede \u00fee proude Centauris half\n hors half man.\n\n [Sidenote: he slew the Nemean lion and wore his skin as a trophy\n of his victory;]\n\n {and} he rafte \u00fee despoylynge fro \u00fee\n cruel lyou{n} \u00feat is to seyne he slou\u021d \u00fee lyou{n} {and} [[pg 148]]\n rafte hy{m} hys skyn.\n\n [Sidenote: he smote the Harpies with his arrows;]\n\n he smot \u00fee brids \u00feat hy\u021dte{n} 4261\n arpijs [in \u00fee palude of lyrne] wi\u00fe certeyne arwes.\n\n [Sidenote: he caried off the golden apples of the Hesperides, and\n killed the watchful dragon;]\n\n he rauyssed[e] applis fro \u00fee wakyng dragou{n}. {and}\n hys hand was \u00fee more heuy for \u00fee golde[ne] 4264\n metal.\n\n [Sidenote: he bound Cerberus with a threefold chain;]\n\n He drou\u021d Cerberus \u00fee hound of helle by\n hys treble cheyne.\n\n [Sidenote: he gave the body of proud Diomede as food for the\n tyrant\u2019s horses;]\n\n he ouer-comer as it is seid ha\u00fe\n put an vnmeke lorde fodre to hys cruel hors \u00b6 \u00feis is\n to sein. \u00feat hercules slou\u021d diomedes {and} made his hors 4268\n to etyn hym.\n\n [Sidenote: he slew the serpent Hydra;]\n\n and he hercules slou\u021d Idra \u00fee serpent {and}\n brend[e] \u00fee venym.\n\n [Sidenote: he caused Achelous to hide his blushing head within his\n banks;]\n\n and achelaus \u00fee flode defouled[e] in\n his forhede dreint[e] his shamefast visage in his\n strondes. \u00feis is to sein \u00feat achelaus cou\u00fee transfigure 4272\n hym self in to dyuerse lykenesse. {and} as he fau\u021dt wi\u00fe\n orcules at \u00fee laste he t{ur}nid[e] hym in to a bole and\n hercules brak of oon of hys hornes. {and} achelaus for\n shame hidde hym in hys ryuer.\n\n [Sidenote: he left Ant\u00e6us dead upon the Lybian shore;]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 33 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 And [he] hercules 4276\n *cast[e] adou{n} Antheus \u00fee geaunt in \u00fee strondes of\n libye.\n\n [Sidenote: he appeased Evander\u2019s wrath by killing Cacus;]\n\n {and} kacus apaised[e] \u00fee wra\u00fe\u00fees of euander. \u00feis\n is to sein \u00feat hercules slou\u021d \u00fee Monstre kacus {and}\n apaised[e] wi\u00fe \u00feat dee\u00fe \u00fee wra\u00fe\u00fee of euander.\n\n [Sidenote: he slew the Erymanthean boar;]\n\n \u00b6 And 4280\n \u00fee bristled[e] boor marked[e] wi\u00fe scomes \u00fee sholdres of\n hercules. \u00fee whiche sholdres \u00fee heye cercle of heuene\n sholde \u00fereste.\n\n [Sidenote: and bore the weight of Atlas upon his shoulders.]\n\n {and} \u00fee laste of his labo{ur}s was \u00feat he\n sustened[e] \u00fee heuene vpo{n} his nekke vnbowed.\n\n [Sidenote: These labours justly raised him to the rank of a god.]\n\n {and} he 4284\n deserued[e] eftsones \u00fee heuene to ben \u00fee pris of his\n laste trauayle\n\n [Sidenote: Go then, ye noble souls, and follow the path of this\n great example.]\n\n \u00b6 Go\u00fe now \u00fean \u021de stronge men \u00feere as\n \u00fee heye weye of \u00fee grete ensample lede\u00fe \u021dou. \u00b6 O nice\n men whi nake \u021de \u021doure bakkes. as who sei\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: O ye slothful ones, wherefore do ye basely fly!]\n\n \u00b6 O \u021de 4288\n slowe {and} delicat men whi fley \u021de aduersites. {and} ne [[pg 149]]\n fy\u021dte{n} nat a\u021deins hem by vertue to wynnen \u00fee mede of\n \u00fee heuene.\n\n [Sidenote: He who conquers earth doth gain the heavens.]\n\n for \u00fee er\u00fee ouer-come{n} \u021deue\u00fe \u00fee sterres.\n \u00b6 \u00feis is to seyne \u00feat whan \u00feat er\u00feely lust is ouer-comen. 4292\n a man is maked wor\u00fei to \u00fee heuene.\n\n EXPLICIT LIBER QUARTUS.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4256 _saw_--say\n 4258 _hard[e] trauaile_--harde trauayles\n _dawntede_--MS. dawnded, C. dawntede\n 4259 _half_--MS. hals\n _rafte_--byrafte\n _fro_--from\n 4260 _seyne_--seyn\n 4261 _smot_--MS. smote, C. smot\n 4262 [_in----lyrne_]--from C.\n 4263 _rauyssed[e]_--rauysshede\n 4266 _seid_--MS. seide, C. sayd\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4267 _lorde_--lord\n 4269 _etyn_--freten\n 4270 _brend[e]_--brende\n _flode defouled[e]_--flood defowlede\n 4271 _forhede dreint[e]_--forhed dreynte\n 4273 _lykenesse_--lyknesses\n 4274 _turnid[e]_--tornede\n 4275 _brak_--MS. brake, C. brak\n _hys_--hise\n 4276 [_he_]--from C.\n 4278-80 _apaised[e]_--apaysede\n 4281 _bristled[e]_--brystelede\n _marked[e]_--markede\n 4282 _cercle_--clerke\n 4283 _\u00fereste_--thriste\n 4285 _deserued[e]_--deseruede\n 4286 _Go\u00fe_--MS. Go\u00fee\n _\u00feere_--ther\n 4287 _weye_--way\n 4288 _nake_--MS. make, C. nake\n 4289 _slowe_--MS. slou\u021d, C. slowe\n _fley_--flee\n 4292 _seyne_--seyn]\n\n\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE EXISTENCE OF CHANCE.]\n\nINCIPIT LIBER QUINTUS.\n\n\nDIXERAT ORACIONISQ{UE} CURSUM.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste prose.]]\n\n [Sidenote: When Philosophy had thus spoken, and was about to\n discuss other matters I interrupted her.]\n\n ++She hadde seid {and} to{ur}ned[e] \u00fee cours of hir resou{n} to\n so{m}me o\u00fe{er} \u00feinges to ben tretid {and} to ben ysped.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Thy exhortation is just and worthy of thy\n authority, but thou saidst that the question of the Divine\n Superintendence or Providence is involved with many others--and\n this I believe.]\n\n \u00fean seide I. Certys ry\u021dtful is \u00fein amonestyng {and} ful 4296\n digne by auctorite. but \u00feat \u00feou seidest som tyme \u00feat\n \u00fee questiou{n} of \u00fee deuyne p{ur}ueaunce is enlaced wi\u00fe\n many o\u00feer questiou{n}s. I vndir-stonde wel {and} p{ro}ue it\n by \u00fee same \u00feinge.\n\n [Sidenote: I am desirous, however, of knowing whether there be\n such a thing as _Chance_, and what thou thinkest it is.]\n\n but I axe yif \u00feat \u00feou wenest \u00feat hap 4300\n be any \u00feing in any weys. {and} if \u00feou wenest \u00feat hap be\n any [thing] what is it.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I hasten to fulfil my promise and to show the road\n to your own country.]\n\n \u00fean q{uo}d she. I haste me to\n \u021delden {and} assoilen \u00fee to \u00fee dette of my byheste {and}\n to shewen {and} opnen \u00fee wey by whiche wey \u00feou maist 4304\n come a\u021dein to \u00fei contre.\n\n [Sidenote: But although these things you question me about are\n profitable to know, yet they lead us a little out of our way.]\n\n \u00b6 but al be it so \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges\n whiche \u00feat \u00feou axest b{e}n ry\u021dt p{ro}fitable to knowe.\n \u021ditte ben \u00feei diuers somwhat fro \u00fee pa\u00fee of my purpos.\n\n [Sidenote: And by straying from the path you may be too fatigued\n to return to the right road.]\n\n And it is to douten \u00feat \u00feou ne be maked weery by 4308\n mysweys so \u00feat \u00feou ne mayst nat suffise to mesure{n} \u00fee\n ry\u021dt weye.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Don\u2019t be afraid of that, for it will refresh me as\n much as rest to know these things in which I am delightfully\n interested.]\n\n \u00b6 Ne doute \u00fee \u00feer-of no \u00feing q{uo}d I. for\n forto knowen \u00feilke \u00feinges to-gidre in \u00fee whiche \u00feinges\n I delite me gretly. \u00feat shal ben to me in stede of reste. 4312\n Syn it nis nat to douten of \u00fee \u00feinges folwy{n}ge whan\n euery side of \u00fei disputisou{n} shal be stedfast to me by\n vndoutous fei\u00fe. \u00fean seide she. \u00feat manere wol I don\n \u00fee. {and} byga{n} to speken ry\u021dt \u00feus [[pg 150]]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ I will then comply with thy requests.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys q{uo}d she 4316\n yif any wy\u021dt diffinisse hap in \u00feis manere. \u00feat is to seyn.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4294 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n _\u00fee_--by\n 4297 _som tyme_--whilom\n 4298 _\u00fee_ (2)--thy\n 4300 _\u00feinge_--thing\n 4302 [_thing_]--from C.\n 4303 _\u021delden_--yilden\n _assoilen_--MS. assailen, C. assoylen\n _byheste_--byhest\n 4304-6 _whiche_--which\n 4306 _ben_--MS. b{e}n{e}\n 4307 _pa\u00fee_--paath\n 4312 _stede_--styde\n 4314 _disputisoun_--disputaciou{n}\n _be_--han ben\n _stedfast_--stydefast\n 4317 _seyn_--seyng]\n\n [Headnote:\n DEFINITION OF CHANCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: If we define Chance to be an event produced by an\n unintelligent motion, and not by a chain or connection of causes,\n I should then affirm that Chance is nothing and an empty sound.]\n\n \u00feat hap is bytidynge y-brou\u021dt for\u00fee by foelyshe\n moeuynge. {and} by no knyttyng of causes. \u00b6 I conferme\n \u00feat hap nis ry\u021dt nau\u021dt in no wise. and I deme al 4320\n outerly \u00feat hap nis ne dwelli\u00fe but a voys. \u00b6 As who\n sei\u00fe. but an ydel worde wi\u00fe outen any significac{i}ou{n} of\n \u00feing summittid to \u00feat vois.\n\n [Sidenote: What room is there for folly and disorder where all\n things are restrained by order, through the ordinance of God?]\n\n for what place my\u021dt[e] ben\n left or dwellynge to folie {and} to disordinau{n}ce. syn \u00feat 4324\n god ledi\u00fe {and} streyni\u00fe alle \u00feinges by ordre.\n\n [Sidenote: For it is a great truth that nothing can spring out of\n nothing.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00feis\n sentence is verray {and} so\u00fee \u00feat no \u00feinge ne ha\u00fe his\n beynge of nou\u021dt. to [the] whiche sentence none of \u00feise\n olde folk ne wi\u00feseide neuere al be it so \u00feat \u00feei ne 4328\n vndirstoden ne moeueden it nau\u021dt by god p{r}ince {and}\n gynner of wirkyng. but \u00feei casten as a manere foundement\n of subgit material. \u00feat is to seyn of [the] nature\n of alle resou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Now, if anything arises without the operation of a\n cause, it proceeds from nothing.]\n\n {and} \u021dif \u00feat ony \u00feinge is woxen or comen 4332\n of no causes. \u00fean shal it seme \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinge is comen\n or woxen of nou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: But if this is impossible, then there can be no such a\n thing as Chance, as we have defined it.]\n\n but yif \u00feis ne may nat ben don.\n \u00fean is it nat possible \u00feat \u00feere ha\u00fe ben any swiche \u00feing\n as I haue diffinissid a litel here byforne.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Is there nothing, then, that may be called Chance\n or Fortune?]\n\n \u00b6 How shal 4336\n it \u00fean ben q{uo}d I. nis \u00feer \u00fean no \u00feing \u00feat by ry\u021dt may\n be cleped ey\u00feer hap{pe} or ellis auenture of fortune.\n\n [Sidenote: Is there nothing (hid from the vulgar) to which these\n words may be applied?]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 34.]]\n\n or is\n \u00feer ou\u021dt al *be it so \u00feat it is hidd fro \u00fee poeple to\n whiche \u00feise wordes ben couenable.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Aristotle defines this matter with much precision\n and probability.]\n\n Myn aristotul q{uo}d 4340\n she. in \u00fee book of his phisik diffinisse\u00fe \u00feis \u00feing by\n short resou{n} and ney\u021de to \u00fee so\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ How?]\n\n \u00b6 In whiche manere\n q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ So often as a man does anything for the sake of\n any other thing, and another thing than what he intended to do is\n produced by other causes, that thing so produced is called\n _Chance_.]\n\n \u00b6 As ofte q{uo}d she as men don any \u00feing for\n grace of any o\u00feer \u00feing. {and} an o\u00feer \u00feinge \u00fean \u00feilke 4344\n \u00feing \u00feat men ententen to doon bytide\u00fe by som[e] causes\n it is ycleped hap{pe}.\n\n [Sidenote: As if a man trench the ground for tillage and find\n gold, then this is believed to happen by chance, although it is\n not so.]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt as a man dalf \u00fee er\u00fee by\n cause of tylienge of \u00fee felde. {and} fond \u00feere a gobet of [[pg 151]]\n golde by-doluen. \u00fean wenen folk \u00feat it is fallen by fortunous 4348\n bytydyng. but for so\u00fee it nis nat for nau\u021dt for\n it ha\u00fe hys p{ro}pre causes of whiche causes \u00fee cours vnforseyn\n and vnwar semi\u00fe to han maked hap{pe}.\n\n [Sidenote: For if the tiller had not ploughed the field, and if\n the hider of the gold had not concealed it in that spot, the gold\n had not been found.]\n\n \u00b6 For\n yif \u00fee tilier in \u00fee er\u00fee ne delue nat in \u00fee felde. and yif 4352\n \u00fee hider of \u00fee golde ne hadde hidd \u00fee golde in \u00feilke\n place. \u00fee golde ne had[de] nat ben founde.\n\n [Sidenote: These, then, are the causes of a fortuitous acquisition\n which proceeds from a conflux of encountering causes, and not from\n the intention of the doer.]\n\n \u00feise ben\n \u00fean \u00fee causes of \u00fee abreggynge of fortune hap. \u00fee whiche\n abreggynge of fortune hap come\u00fe of causes encountrynge 4356\n {and} flowyng to-gidre to hem selfe. {and} nat by \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n}\n of \u00fee doer.\n\n [Sidenote: For neither the hider of the gold nor the husbandman\n intended or understood that the gold should be found.]\n\n \u00b6 For nei\u00feer \u00fee hider of \u00fee gold.\n ne \u00fee deluer of \u00fee felde ne vndirstanden nat \u00feat \u00fee\n golde sholde han be founde. but as I seide.\n\n [Sidenote: But it happened by the concurrence of these two causes\n that the one did dig where the other had hidden the money.]\n\n it bytidde 4360\n {and} ran to-gidre \u00feat he dalf \u00feere as \u00feat o\u00feer hadde hidd\n \u00fee golde.\n\n [Sidenote: Chance, then, is an unexpected event, by a concurrence\n of causes, following an action designed for a particular purpose.]\n\n Now may I \u00feus diffinissen hap{pe}. \u00b6 Hap{pe}\n is an vnwar bytydyng of causes assembled in \u00feinges \u00feat\n ben don for som o\u00feer \u00feinge. but \u00feilke ordre p{ro}cedynge 4364\n by an vneschewable byndynge to-gidre.\n\n [Sidenote: This concurrence of causes proceeds from that order\n which flows from the fountain of Providence and disposes all\n things as to place and time.]\n\n whiche \u00feat\n descende\u00fe fro \u00fee wel of purueaunce \u00feat ordeine\u00fe alle\n \u00feinges i{n} hir{e} places {and} in hire tymes make\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee\n causes rennen {and} assemblen to-gidre. 4368\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4318 _for\u00fee_--forth\n 4322 _worde_--word\n 4323 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 4324 _left_--lefte\n 4325 _streyni\u00fe_--constreynyth\n 4326 _so\u00fee_--soth\n _no \u00feinge_--nothing\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4327 [_the_]--from C.\n 4330 _gynner_--bygynner{e}\n 4331 [_the_]--from C.\n 4332 _\u021dif_--MS. \u021dit, C. yif\n _\u00feinge_--thing\n 4335 _\u00feat----ben_--\u00fe{a}t hap be\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _swiche_--swych\n 4338 _happe_--hap\n 4339 _hidd_--MS. hidde, C. hidd\n 4340 _whiche_--which\n 4342 _ney\u021de_--nehg\n _whiche_--which\n 4343 _don_--MS. done, C. don\n 4344 _\u00feinge_--thing\n 4345 _som[e]_--some\n 4346 _happe_--hap\n 4347 _of_ (1)--to\n _fond_--MS. fonde, C. fownde\n 4348 _golde_--gold\n _fallen_--byfalle\n 4349 _for_ (2)--of\n 4350 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _hys_--hise\n 4351 _happe_--hap\n 4352 _tilier_--tylyer{e}\n _delue_--dolue\n 4353 _hider_--hyder{e}\n _golde_--gold\n _hidd_--MS. hidde\n 4353-4 _golde_--gold\n 4354 _had[de]_--hadde\n 4355 _fortune_--fortuit\n _whiche_--which\n 4356 _fortune_--fortuit\n _come\u00fe_--comth\n 4357 _flowyng_--MS. folwyng, C. flowynge\n _selfe_--self\n 4358 _doer_--doer{e}\n _hider_--hider{e}\n 4359 _deluer_--deluer{e}\n _felde_--feeld\n _vndirstanden_--vndirstoden\n 4360 _golde_--gold\n 4361 _hidd_--MS. hidde, C. hyd\n 4362 _happe_ (_both_)--hap\n 4365 _whiche_--which\n 4366 _descende\u00fe_--MS. defende\u00fe, C. descendith\n _wel_--welle]\n\n\nRUPIS ACHEMENIE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Where the flying Parthian doth pierce his pursuers with\n his shafts, there from the Achemenian heights flow the Tigris and\n Euphrates, but soon their streams divide and flow into separate\n channels.]\n\n ++TIgris [{and}] eufrates resoluen {and} spryngen of a welle in\n \u00fee kragges of \u00fee roche of \u00fee contre of achemenye \u00feer{e}\n as \u00fee fleenge [batayle] ficchi\u00fe hire dartes reto{ur}nid in\n \u00fee brestes of hem \u00feat folwen hem. \u00b6 And sone aftre 4372\n \u00fee same ryueres tigris {and} eufrates vnioygne{n} {and} dep{ar}ten\n hir{e} watres. [[pg 152]]\n\n [Sidenote: But should they unite again, in the impetuous stream,\n boats, ships, and trees would be all intermingled, whirled about;\n and blind Chance seems to direct the current\u2019s course.]\n\n and yif \u00feei comen to-gidre {and} ben\n assembled {and} clepid to-gidre in to o cours. \u00fean moten\n \u00feilke \u00feinges fletyn to-gidre whiche \u00feat \u00fee water of \u00fee 4376\n entrechau{n}gyng flode bry{n}ge\u00fe \u00fee shippes {and} \u00fee stokkes\n araced wi\u00fe \u00fee flood moten assemble. {and} \u00fee watres\n ymedlyd wrappi\u00fe or implie\u00fe many fortunel happes or\n maneres.\n\n [Sidenote: But the sloping earth, the laws of fluids, govern these\n things.]\n\n \u00fee whiche wandryng happes na\u00feeles \u00feilke enclinyng 4380\n lowenes of \u00fee er\u00fee. {and} \u00fee flowynge ordre of\n \u00fee slidyng water gouerni\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: So though Chance seems to wander unrestrained, it is\n nevertheless curbed and restrained by Divine Providence.]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt so fortune \u00feat\n seme\u00fe as [\u00feat] it fleti\u00fe wi\u00fe slaked or vngouerned[e]\n bridles. It suffri\u00fe bridles \u00feat is to seyn to ben gouerned 4384\n {and} passe\u00fe by \u00feilke lawe. \u00feat is to sein by \u00fee deuyne\n ordinaunce.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4369 [_and_]--from C.\n _a_--oo\n 4371 [_batayle_]--from C.\n 4373 _\u00fee_--tho\n 4374 _to-gidre_--to-gyderes\n 4376 _whiche_--which\n 4377 _flode_--flod\n 4378 _assemble_--assemblyn\n 4380 _enclinyng_--declynynge\n 4381 _lowenes_--lownesse\n 4383 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n _vngouerned[e]_--vngou{er}nede\n 4385 _\u00fee_--thilke]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n ON FREE WILL.]\n\nA{N}I{M}ADUERTO INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .2^de. p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Is there any _free-will_ in this chain of cohering\n causes?]\n\n ++\u00deis vndirstonde I wel q{uo}d I. {and} accorde wel \u00feat it\n is ry\u021dt as \u00feou seist. but I axe yif \u00feer be any liberte 4388\n or fre wil in \u00feis ordre of causes \u00feat cliue{n} \u00feus to-gidre\n in hem self.\n\n [Sidenote: Or doth the _chain of destiny_ constrain the motions of\n the human mind?]\n\n \u00b6 or ellys I wolde witen yif \u00feat \u00fee\n destinal cheine co{n}streini\u00fe \u00fee moeueuynge of \u00fee corages\n of me{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ There is a freedom of the will possessed by every\n rational being.]\n\n yis q{uo}d she \u00feer is liberte of fre wille. ne \u00feer 4392\n ne was neuer no nature of resou{n} \u00feat it ne hadde liberte\n of fre wille.\n\n [Sidenote: A rational being has judgment to judge of and discern\n everything.]\n\n \u00b6 For euery \u00feing \u00feat may naturely vsen\n resou{n}. it ha\u00fe doom by whiche it discerni\u00fe {and} demi\u00fe\n euery \u00feing.\n\n [Sidenote: Of himself he knows what he is to avoid or to desire.\n He seeks what he judges desirable, and he shuns what he deems\n should be avoided.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean knowe\u00fe it by it self \u00feinges \u00feat be{n} 4396\n to fleen. {and} \u00feinges \u00feat ben to desiren. {and} \u00feilk \u00feing\n \u00feat any wy\u021dt deme\u00fe to ben desired \u00fe{a}t axe\u00fe or desire\u00fe\n he {and} flee\u00fe [thilke] \u00feing \u00feat he troue\u00fe ben to fleen.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4389 _or_--of\n 4390 _hem_--hym\n 4392 _yis_--MS. yif, C. yis\n 4392-94 _wille_--wil\n 4395 _whiche_--which\n 4397 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 4399 [_thilke_]--from C.]\n\n [Headnote:\n PROVIDENCE SEES ALL THINGS.]\n\n [Sidenote: A rational being possesses, then, the liberty of\n choosing and rejecting.]\n\n \u00b6 wher-fore in alle \u00feinges \u00fe{a}t resou{n} is. i{n} hem also is 4400\n libertee of willyng {and} of nillynge.\n\n [Sidenote: This liberty is not equal in all beings.]\n\n \u00b6 But I ne ordeyne\n nat. as who sei\u00fe. I ne graunte nat \u00feat \u00feis lib{er}tee be\n euene like in alle \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: In heavenly substances, as spirits, &c., judgment is\n clear, and the will is incorruptible, and has a ready and\n efficacious power of doing things which are desired.]\n\n forwhi in \u00fee souereyns deuynes\n substau{n}ces.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 34 _b_.]]\n\n \u00feat is to *seyn in spirit\u021d \u00b6 Iugement is 4404\n more clere {and} wil nat be corumped. {and} ha\u00fe my\u021dt [[pg 153]]\n redy to speden \u00feinges \u00feat ben desired.\n\n [Sidenote: The souls of men must needs be more free when employed\n in the contemplation of the Divine Mind, and less so when they\n enter into a body, and still less free when enclosed and confined\n in earthly members; but the most extreme servitude is when they\n are given over to vice and wholly fallen from their proper\n reason.]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00fee soules\n of men moten nedes ben more free whan \u00feei loken hem\n in \u00fee speculac{i}ou{n} or lokynge of \u00fee deuyne \u00feou\u021dt. {and} 4408\n lasse free whan \u00feei sliden in to \u00fee bodies. {and} \u021dit lasse\n free whan \u00feei ben gadred to-gidre {and} co{m}p{re}hendid in\n er\u00feely membris. but \u00fee last[e] seruage is whan \u00feat \u00feei\n ben \u021deue{n} to vices. {and} han yfalle fro \u00fee possessiou{n} of 4412\n hire p{ro}pre resou{n}\n\n [Sidenote: For at once they are enveloped by the cloud of\n ignorance and are troubled by pernicious desires, by yielding to\n which they aid and increase that slavery which they brought upon\n themselves, and thus even under the liberty proper to them, they\n remain captives.]\n\n \u00b6 For after \u00feat \u00feei han cast aweye\n hir eyen fro \u00fee ly\u021dt of \u00fee souereyn so\u00feefastnesse to lowe\n \u00feinges {and} dirke \u00b6 Anon \u00feei dirken by \u00fee cloude of\n ignoraunce {and} ben troubled by felonous talent\u021d. to \u00fee 4416\n whiche talent\u021d whan \u00feei app{ro}chen {and} assenten. \u00feei\n hepen {and} encresen \u00fee seruage whiche \u00feei han ioigned\n to hem self. and in \u00feis manere \u00feei ben caitifs fro hire\n p{ro}pre libertee.\n\n [Sidenote: Yet the eye of Providence, beholding all things from\n eternity, sees all this and disposes according to their merit all\n things as they are predestinated.]\n\n \u00fee whiche \u00feinges na\u00feeles \u00fee lokynge of 4420\n \u00fee deuyne purueaunce see\u00fe \u00fe{a}t alle \u00feinges byholde\u00fe\n {and} see\u00fe fro et{er}ne. and ordeyne\u00fe hem eueryche i{n} her\n merites. as \u00feei ben p{ro}destinat.\n\n [Sidenote: He, as Homer says of the sun, _sees and hears all\n things_.]\n\n {and} it is seid in grek.\n \u00feat alle \u00feinges he see\u00fe {and} alle \u00feinges he here\u00fe. 4424\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4405 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4411 _last[e]_--laste\n 4412 _fro_--from\n 4415 _cloude_--clowdes\n 4418 _whiche_--which\n 4423 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd]\n\n\nPURO CLARU{M} LUMINE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .2^de. Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: The sweet-tongued Homer sings of the sun\u2019s pure light.\n Yet the sun\u2019s beams cannot pierce into the inner bowels of the\n earth, nor into the depths of the sea.]\n\n ++HOmer wi\u00fe \u00fee hony mou\u00fee. \u00feat is to seyn. homer\n wi\u00fe \u00fee swete dites synge\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee sonne is cleer by\n pure ly\u021dt. na\u00feeles \u021dit ne may it nat by \u00fee inferme ly\u021dt\n of hys bemes breke{n} or p{er}ce{n} \u00fee inwarde entrailes of 4428\n \u00fee er\u00fee. or ellys of \u00fee see.\n\n [Sidenote: But God, the world\u2019s maker, beholding from on high, has\n his vision impeded neither by earth nor cloud.]\n\n \u00b6 so ne see\u00fe nat god makere\n of \u00fee grete worlde to hym \u00feat loke\u00fe alle \u00feinges from on\n heye ne wi\u00festandi\u00fe nat no \u00feinges by heuynesses of er\u00fee.\n ne \u00fee ny\u021dt ne wi\u00festonde\u00fe nat to hy{m} by \u00fee blake 4432\n cloudes.\n\n [Sidenote: At a glance he sees all events, present, past, and\n future.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feilke god see\u00fe i{n} o strook of \u00feou\u021dt alle\n \u00feinges \u00feat ben or weren or schullen come.\n\n [Sidenote: God, then, that alone sees all things, may indeed be\n called the true Sun.]\n\n \u00b6 and \u00feilke\n god for he loke\u00fe {and} see\u00fe alle \u00feinges al oon. \u00feou maist [[pg 154]]\n seyn \u00feat he is \u00fee verray sonne. 4436\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4425 _mou\u00fee_--Mowth\n 4428 _percen_--MS. p{er}te{n}, C. p{er}cen\n _inwarde_--inward\n 4430 _worlde_--world\n _on heye_--an hegh\n 4431 _nat_--omitted\n 4434 _schullen come_--shollen comyn\n 4435 _al oon_--alone]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD\u2019S FOREKNOWLEDGE AND MAN\u2019S FREE WILL.]\n\nTAMEN EGO EN INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .3^de. p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ I am distracted by a more difficult doubt than\n ever.]\n\n ++\u00deAn seide I now am I co{n}fou{n}ded by a more harde\n doute \u00fean I was. what doute is \u00feat q{uo}d she.\n \u00b6 For certys I coniecte now by whiche \u00feinges \u00feou art\n troubled.\n\n [Sidenote: God\u2019s foreknowledge seems to me inconsistent with man\u2019s\n free-will.]\n\n It seme\u00fe q{uo}d I to repugnen {and} to contrarien 4440\n gretly \u00feat god knowe\u00fe byforn alle \u00feinges. {and}\n \u00feat \u00feer is any fredom of liberte.\n\n [Sidenote: For if God foresees all things, and cannot be deceived,\n then that which Providence hath foreseen must needs happen.]\n\n for yif so be \u00feat god\n loke\u00fe alle \u00feinges byforn. ne god ne may nat ben\n desseiuid in no manere. \u00fean mot it nedes ben \u00feat alle 4444\n \u00feinges bytyden \u00fee whiche \u00feat \u00fee purueaunce of god ha\u00fe\n sein byforn to comen.\n\n [Sidenote: If God from eternity doth foreknow not only the works,\n but the designs and wills of men, there can be no liberty of\n will--nor can there be any other action or will than that which a\n Divine and infallible Providence hath foreseen.]\n\n \u00b6 For whiche yif \u00feat god\n knowe\u00fe by-forn nat oonly \u00fee werkes of men. but also\n hir conseils {and} hir willes. \u00fean ne shal \u00feer be no 4448\n liberte of arbitre. ne certys \u00feer ne may ben noon o\u00feer\n dede ne no wille but \u00feilke whiche \u00fee deuyne purueaunce\n \u00feat ne may nat ben desseiued ha\u00fe feled byforn\n\n [Sidenote: For if things fall out contrary to such foreseeing, and\n are wrested another way, the prescience of God in regard to\n futurity would not be sure and unerring--it would be nothing but\n an uncertain opinion of them: but I take it to be impious and\n unlawful to believe this of God.]\n\n \u00b6 For\n yif \u00feat \u00feei my\u021dten wry\u00feen awey in o\u00feer manere \u00fean \u00feei 4452\n ben purueyed. \u00fean ne sholde \u00feer ben no stedfast p{re}science\n of \u00feinge to comen but ra\u00feer an vncerteyn\n oppiniou{n}. \u00fee whiche \u00feinge to trowen on god I deme it\n felonie {and} vnleueful.\n\n [Sidenote: Nor do I approve of the reasoning made use of by some.\n For they say that a thing is not necessarily to happen because God\n hath foreseen it, but rather because it is to happen it cannot be\n hid from the divine Providence.]\n\n \u00b6 Ne I ne proeue nat \u00feilk 4456\n same resou{n}. as who sei\u00fe I ne allowe nat. or I ne p{re}ise\n nat \u00feilke same resou{n} by whiche \u00feat som men wenen\n \u00feat \u00feei mowen assoilen {and} vnknytten \u00fee knot of \u00feis\n questiou{n}. \u00b6 For certys \u00feei seyn \u00fe{a}t \u00feing nis nat to 4460\n come for \u00feat \u00fee purueaunce of god ha\u00fe seyn it byforn{e}.\n \u00feat is to comen but ra\u00feer \u00fee cont{ra}rie. \u00b6 And \u00feat\n is \u00feis \u00feat for \u00feat \u00fee \u00feing is to comen \u00feat \u00feerfore\n ne may it nat ben hyd fro \u00fee purueaunce of god. 4464\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 35.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Now by this reason necessity appears to change sides.\n For it is not necessary that the things which are foreseen should\n happen, but it is necessary that the things which are to befall\n should be foreseen.]\n\n *{and} in \u00feis manere \u00feis necessite slydi\u00fe a\u021dein in to \u00fee [[pg 155]]\n contrarie p{ar}tie. ne it ne byhoue\u00fe [nat] nedes \u00feat \u00feinges\n bytiden \u00feat ben ypurueid. [but it by-houeth nedes /\n \u00fe{a}t thinges \u00fe{a}t ben to comyn ben yporueyid] but as it 4468\n were yt{ra}uailed.\n\n [Sidenote: As if the question was, which was the cause of the\n other--_prescience_ the cause of the necessity of future events,\n or the _necessity_ the cause of the prescience of future events?]\n\n as who sei\u00fe. \u00feat \u00feilke answere p{ro}cedi\u00fe\n ry\u021dt as \u00feou\u021d men trauailden or weren bysy to\n enqueren \u00fee whiche \u00feing is cause of whiche \u00feinges. as\n whe\u00feer \u00fee p{re}science is cause of \u00fee necessite of \u00feinges to 4472\n comen. or ellys \u00feat \u00fee necessite of \u00fei{n}ges to comen is\n cause of \u00fee purueau{n}ce.\n\n [Sidenote: But I will prove that, however the order of causes may\n stand, the event of things foreseen is necessary, although\n prescience doth not seem to impose a necessity upon future things\n to fall out.]\n\n \u00b6 But I ne enforce me nat now\n to shewe{n} it \u00feat \u00fee bytidyng of \u00feinges y-wist byforn is\n necessarie. how so or in what manere \u00feat \u00fee ordre of 4476\n causes ha\u00fe it self. al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat it ne seme nat \u00feat \u00fee\n p{re}science brynge in necessite of bytydynge of \u00feinges\n to comen.\n\n [Sidenote: For if a man sit--the belief in the sitting is true;\n and, on the other hand, if the opinion is true of his sitting, he\n must needs sit.]\n\n \u00b6 For certys yif \u00feat any wy\u021dt sitte\u00fe it byhoue\u00fe\n by necessite \u00feat \u00fee oppiniou{n} be so\u00fee of hym 4480\n \u00fe{a}t coniecti\u00fe \u00feat he sitte\u00fe. and a\u021deinward. al so is it of\n \u00fee contrarie. yif \u00fee oppiniou{n} be so\u00fee of any wy\u021dt for\n \u00feat he sitte\u00fe it byhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat he sitte\n\n [Sidenote: In both cases there is a necessity--in the latter that\n the person sits--in the former, that the opinion concerning the\n other is true.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean\n is here necessite in \u00feat oon {and} in \u00fe{a}t o\u00feer. for in \u00feat 4484\n oon is necessite of sittynge.\n\n [Sidenote: But the man does not sit because the opinion of his\n sitting is true, but the opinion is true because the action of his\n being seated was antecedent in time.]\n\n {and} certys in \u00feat o\u00feer is\n necessite of so\u00fee but \u00feerfore ne sitte\u00fe nat a wy\u021dt for \u00feat\n \u00fee oppiniou{n} of sittyng is so\u00fee. but \u00fee oppiniou{n} is\n ra\u00feer so\u00fee for \u00feat a wy\u021dt sitte\u00fe by-forn.\n\n [Sidenote: So that although the cause of truth arises from the\n sitting, there is a common necessity in both.]\n\n and \u00feus al 4488\n \u00feou\u021d \u00fe{a}t \u00fee cause of so\u00fee come\u00fe of [\u00fee] syttyng. and\n nat of \u00fee trewe oppiniou{n}. Algates \u021ditte is \u00feer comune\n necessite in \u00feat oon {and} in \u00feat o\u00feer.\n\n [Sidenote: Thus may we reason concerning Providence and future\n events.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feus shewe\u00fe it\n \u00fe{a}t I may make semblable skils of \u00fee p{ur}ueau{n}ce of god 4492\n {and} of \u00feinges to come.\n\n [Sidenote: For allowing things are foreseen because they are to\n happen, and that they do not befall because they are foreseen, it\n is necessary that future events should be foreseen of God, or if\n foreseen that they should happen; and this alone is sufficient to\n destroy all idea of _free-will_.]\n\n \u00b6 For al \u00feou\u021d for \u00feat \u00feat \u00feinges\n ben to comen. \u00feer-fore ben \u00feei p{ur}ueid. nat certys for\n \u00feei ben p{ur}ueid. \u00feer-fore ne bytide \u00feei nat. \u021dit na\u00feeles\n byhoue\u00fe it by necessite \u00feat ei\u00feer \u00fee \u00feinges to comen 4496\n ben yp{ur}ueied of god. or ellys \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben\n p{ur}ueied of god bitiden [.s.] by necessite. \u00b6 And \u00feis [[pg 156]]\n \u00feing oonly suffise\u00fe I-nou\u021d to distroien \u00fee fredome of\n oure arbitre. \u00feat is to seyn of oure fre wille\n\n [Sidenote: But it is preposterous to make the happening of\n temporal things the cause of eternal prescience, which we do in\n imagining that God foresees future events because they are to\n happen.]\n\n \u00b6 But now 4500\n [certes] shewe\u00fe it wel how fer fro \u00fee so\u00fee {and} how vp\n so dou{n} is \u00feis \u00feing \u00feat we seyn \u00feat \u00fee bytidinge of\n temp{or}el \u00feinges is \u00fee cause of \u00fee eterne p{re}science.\n \u00b6 But forto wenen \u00feat god p{ur}uei\u00fe [the] \u00feinges to comen. 4504\n for \u00feei ben to comen. what o\u00feer \u00feing is it but forto\n wene \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat bitiden som tyme ben causes\n of \u00feilke souereyne p{ur}ueaunce \u00feat is i{n} god.\n\n [Sidenote: And, moreover, when I know that anything exists, it is\n necessary for my belief that it should be.]\n\n \u00b6 And\n her-to I adde \u021ditte \u00feis \u00feing \u00feat ry\u021dt as whan \u00feat I woot 4508\n \u00feat o \u00feing is it byhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat \u00feilke self \u00feing be.\n\n [Sidenote: So also when I know that an event shall come to pass,\n it must needs happen.]\n\n {and} eke \u00feat whan I haue knowe \u00feat any \u00fei{n}ge shal\n bitiden so byhoue\u00fe it by necessite \u00fe{a}t \u00feilk[e] same\n \u00feing bytide.\n\n [Sidenote: The event, therefore, of a thing foreseen must befall.]\n\n so folwe\u00fe it \u00fean \u00feat \u00fee bytydynge of \u00fee 4512\n \u00feinge Iwist by-forn ne may nat ben eschewed.\n\n [Sidenote: Lastly, if a person judge a thing to be different to\n what it is--this is not knowledge, but a false opinion of it, and\n far from the true knowledge.]\n\n \u00b6 And\n at \u00fee last[e] yif \u00feat any wy\u021dt wene a \u00feing to ben o\u00feer\n weyes \u00fean it is. it nys nat oonly vnscience. but it is deceiuable\n oppiniou{n} ful diuerse {and} fer fro \u00fee so\u00fee of 4516\n science.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4437 _harde_--hard\n 4445 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fe{e}\n 4446 _whiche_--which\n 4450 _wille_--wil\n _whiche_--which \u00fe{a}t\n 4451 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4453 _stedfast_--stydefast\n 4454-55 _\u00feinge_--thing\n 4455 _on_--of\n 4456 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 4458 _whiche_--which\n 4459 _knot_--knotte\n 4461 _come_--comyn\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4464 _hyd_--MS. hydde, C. hidde\n 4466 [_nat_]--from C.\n 4467-8 [_but----yporueyid_]--from C.\n 4471 _\u00feinges_--thing\n 4477 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4480-82 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 4486 _so\u00fee_--sooth\n 4487 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 4488 _so\u00fee_--sooth\n 4489 _so\u00fee come\u00fe_--sooth comth\n [_\u00fee_]--from C.\n 4490 _comune_--MS. comme, C. comune\n 4493 _come_--comyn\n 4494 _to_--omitted\n 4494-95 _purueid_--MS. p{ur}ueide, C. p{ur}ueyid\n 4498 [_.s._]--from C.\n 4499 _fredome_--freedom\n 4500 _wille_--wil\n 4501 [_certes_]--from C.\n 4504 _puruei\u00fe_--MS. p{ur}uei\u00fee\n [_the_]--from C.\n 4506 _bitiden_--bytydden\n _som tyme_--whilom\n 4509 _o_--a\n _self_--selue\n 4510 _\u00feinge_--thing\n 4511 _\u00feilk[e]_--thilke\n 4513 _\u00feinge_--thing\n 4514 _last[e]_--laste\n 4515 _nys_--is]\n\n [Headnote:\n FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN WILL.]\n\n [Sidenote: If, therefore, a thing be so to happen that the event\n of it is neither necessary nor certain, how can any one foresee\n what is to happen?]\n\n \u00b6 wher-fore yif any \u00feing be so to comen so \u00feat\n \u00fee bytydynge of it ne be nat certeyne ne necessarie.\n \u00b6 who may weten [byforn] \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke \u00feing is to come.\n\n [Sidenote: For as pure knowledge has no element in it of\n falsehood, so what is comprehended by true knowledge cannot be\n otherwise than as comprehended.]\n\n \u00b6 For ry\u021dt as science ne may nat be medelyd wi\u00fe falsnesse. 4520\n as who sei\u00fe \u00feat yif I woot a \u00feing. it ne may nat\n be fals \u00feat I ne woot it. \u00b6 Ry\u021dt so \u00feilk \u00feing \u00feat\n is conceyued by science ne may [nat] ben noon\n o\u00fe{er} weyes \u00fean [as] it is conceiued.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence it is that true knowledge cannot err, because\n everything must precisely be what true knowledge perceives it to\n be.]\n\n For \u00feat is \u00fee cause 4524\n whi \u00feat science wa{n}ti\u00fe lesynge. as who sei\u00fe. whi \u00feat\n witynge ne receyue\u00fe nat lesynge of \u00feat it woot. \u00b6 For\n it byhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat euery \u00fei{n}ge [be] ry\u021dt as science\n co{m}p{re}hendi\u00fe it to be.\n\n [Sidenote: What follows, then? How does God foreknow these\n uncertain contingencies?]\n\n what shal I \u00fean sein. \u00b6 In 4528\n whiche man{er}e knowe\u00fe god byforn \u00fee \u00feinges to comen.\n \u00b6 yif \u00feei ne be nat certeyne. [[pg 157]]\n\n [Sidenote: For if he thinks that a thing will inevitably happen,\n which possibly may not, he is deceived--but this is sheer\n blasphemy.]\n\n \u00b6 For yif \u00feat he deme\n \u00feat \u00feei ben to comen vneschewably.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 35 _b_.]]\n\n {and} so may be \u00feat\n it is possible \u00feat \u00feei ne shulle{n} *nat comen. god is 4532\n desseiued. but nat only to trowen \u00feat god is desseiued.\n but for to speke it wi\u00fe mou\u00fee it is a felonous sy{n}ne.\n\n [Sidenote: But if God discerns that just as things are to come\n they shall come; if he knows that they may or may not come, what\n sort of prescience is this, which comprehends nothing certain,\n nothing invariable?]\n\n \u00b6 But yif \u00feat god woot \u00feat ry\u021dt so as \u00feinges ben to\n comen. so shulle \u00feei comen. so \u00feat he wit[e] egaly. as 4536\n who sei\u00fe indifferently \u00feat \u00feinges mowen ben don or\n ellys nat don. what is \u00feilke p{re}science \u00feat ne comp{re}hendi\u00fe\n no certeyne \u00feinge ne stable.\n\n [Sidenote: Or how does divine prescience differ from human\n opinion, if He hath an uncertain judgment of things, whereof the\n events are uncertain and unfixed?]\n\n or ellys what difference\n is \u00feer bytwixe \u00fee p{re}science. {and} \u00feilke iape-wor\u00fei 4540\n dyuynynge of Tiresie \u00fee diuino{ur} \u00feat seide. \u00b6 Al \u00feat\n I seie q{uo}d he ey\u00feer it shal be. or ellys it ne shal nat\n be. Or ellis how moche is wor\u00fee \u00fee diuyne p{re}science\n more \u00fean \u00fee oppiniou{n} of mankynde yif so be \u00feat it 4544\n deme\u00fe \u00fee \u00feinges vncerteyne as me{n} don. of \u00fee whiche\n domes of men \u00fee bytydynge nis nat certeyne.\n\n [Sidenote: But if there can be no uncertainty in his knowledge,\n who is the source of all certainty; the event of all things which\n he foreknows must be fixed and inevitable.]\n\n \u00b6 But\n yif so be \u00fe{a}t noon vncerteyne \u00feinge may ben in hym\n \u00feat is ry\u021dt certeyne welle of alle \u00feinges. \u00fea{n} is \u00fee 4548\n bytydynge certeyne of \u00feilke \u00feinges whiche he ha\u00fe wist\n byforn fermely to come{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Whence it follows that men have no freedom in their\n designs and actions; because the Divine Mind, endowed with an\n infallible foresight, constrains and binds them to a certain\n event.]\n\n For whiche it folwe\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee\n fredom of \u00fee co{n}seils {and} of \u00fee werkes of mankynde nis\n non syn \u00feat \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt of god see\u00fe alle \u00feinges w{i}t{h} outen 4552\n erro{ur} of falsnesse bynde\u00fe {and} co{n}streini\u00fe hem to a\n bitidynge by necessite. and yif [this] \u00fei{n}g be on-is\n grau{n}tid {and} receyued. \u00feat is to seyn. \u00feat \u00feer nis no\n fre wille. \u00fean shewe\u00fe it wel how gret distrucc{i}ou{n} {and} 4556\n how grete damages \u00feer folwen of \u00feinges of mankynde.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4518 _it_--hit\n 4519 [_byforn_]--from C.\n 4522 _fals_--false\n 4523 [_nat_]--from C.\n _ben_--MS. by, C. ben\n 4524 _\u00fean [as] it is_--MS. \u00fean it is be\n 4527 [_be_]--from C.\n 4529 _whiche_--which\n 4534 _mou\u00fee_--Mowth\n 4536 _shulle_--shullyn\n _wit[e]_--wite\n 4538 _don_--MS. done, C. y-doon\n 4543 _moche_--mochel\n _wor\u00fee_--worth\n 4549 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4550 _whiche_--which\n 4551 _mankynde_--man-kynd\n 4554 [_this_]--from C.\n 4555 _grauntid_--ygraunted]\n\n [Headnote:\n FATE UNDER THE CONTROL OF PROVIDENCE.]\n\n \u00b6 For in ydel ben \u00feer \u00fean p{ur}posed and byhy\u021dt medes\n of goode folk. {and} peynes to badde folk. syn \u00feat no\n moeuynge of free corage uoluntarie ne ha\u00fe nat deserued 4560\n hem. \u00feat is to seyn nei\u00feer mede nor peyne.\n\n [Sidenote: Rewards and punishments now deemed just and equitable,\n will be considered most unjust, when, it is allowed, that mankind\n are not prompted by any will of their own, to either virtue or\n vice, but in all their actions are impelled by a fatal necessity.]\n\n \u00b6 And it\n sholde seme \u00fean \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinge is al\u00feer worste whiche\n \u00feat is nowe demed. for al\u00fe{er} moste iuste {and} moste [[pg 158]]\n ry\u021dtful. \u00feat is to seyn \u00feat shrewes ben punyssed. or 4564\n ellys \u00fe{a}t good[e] folk ben ygerdoned. \u00fee whiche folk\n syn \u00feat \u00fee p{ro}pre wille [ne] sent hem nat to \u00fe{a}t oon ne\n to \u00feat o\u00feer. \u00feat is to seyn. ne\u00feer to good[e] ne to\n harme. but constreine\u00fe hem certeyne necessite of \u00feinges 4568\n to comen.\n\n [Sidenote: Nor would there be such things as virtue or vice, but\n such a medley of the one and the other as would be productive of\n the greatest confusion.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00feanne ne sholle{n} \u00feer neuer ben ne neuer\n weren vice ne vertue. but it sholde ra\u00feer ben co{n}fusiou{n}\n of alle desertes medlid wi\u00feoute discresiou{n}. \u00b6 And\n \u021ditte \u00feer folwe\u00fe an o\u00feer i{n}co{n}uenient of \u00fee whiche \u00feer 4572\n ne may ben \u00feou\u021dt ne more felonous ne more wikke.\n\n [Sidenote: And from this it will follow--that since all order\n comes of Divine Providence, and that there is no freedom of the\n human will, that also our vices must be referred to the author of\n all good--which is a most impious opinion.]\n\n {and} \u00feat is \u00feis \u00feat so as \u00fee ordre of \u00feinges is yledd {and}\n come\u00fe of \u00fee purueaunce of god. ne \u00feat no \u00feing nis\n leueful to \u00fee conseils of mankynde. as who sei\u00fe \u00feat 4576\n men han no power to done no \u00feing. ne wilne no \u00feing.\n \u00fean folwe\u00fe it \u00feat oure vices ben refferred to \u00fee mak[er]e\n of alle good. as who sei\u00fe \u00fean folwe\u00fe it. \u00feat god au\u021dt[e]\n han \u00fee blame of oure vices. syn he co{n}streini\u00fe by 4580\n necessite to don vices.\n\n [Sidenote: Then is it useless to hope for anything from God, or to\n pray to him.]\n\n \u00fean nis \u00feer no resou{n} to han\n hopen in god. ne forto p{re}ien to god.\n\n [Sidenote: For why should men do either, when all they can desire\n is irreversibly predestined?]\n\n \u00b6 For what\n sholde any wy\u021dt hopen to god. or whi sholde he p{re}ien\n to god. syn \u00feat \u00fee ordenaunce of destine whiche \u00feat ne 4584\n may nat ben enclined. knytte\u00fe {and} streini\u00fe alle \u00feinges\n \u00feat men may desire{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Hope and prayer being thus ineffectual, all intercourse\n is cut off between God and man.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean sholde \u00feere be don awey\n \u00feilke oonly alliaunce bytwixen god {and} men. \u00feat is to\n seien to hopen {and} to p{re}ien.\n\n [Sidenote: By reverent and humble supplication we earn divine\n grace, a most inestimable favour, and are able to associate with\n the Deity, and to unite ourselves to the inaccessible light.]\n\n but by \u00fee p{re}is of ry\u021dtfulnesse 4588\n {and} of veray mekenesse we deserue \u00fee gerdou{n}\n of \u00fee deuyne grace whiche \u00feat is inestimable. \u00feat is to\n sein \u00feat it is so grete \u00feat it ne may nat ben ful yp{re}ised.\n {and} \u00feis is oonly \u00fee manere. \u00feat is to seyen hope {and} 4592\n prayeres. for whiche it seme\u00fe \u00feat [men] mowen speken\n wi\u00fe god. {and} by resou{n} of supplicac{i}ou{n}\n ben conioigned [[pg 159]]\n to \u00feilk clernesse \u00feat nis nat app{ro}ched no ra\u00feer or\n \u00feat men byseken it {and} emp{re}nten it.\n\n [Sidenote: If men believe that hope and prayer have no power\n because of the necessity of future events, by what other way can\n we be united, and hold fast to the sovereign Lord of all things?]\n\n And yif men 4596\n ne wene [nat] \u00feat [hope] ne p{re}iers ne han no streng\u00fees.\n by \u00fee necessite of \u00feinges to comen y-resceiued. what\n \u00fei{n}g is \u00feer \u00fean by whiche we mowen be co{n}ioygned\n {and} clyuen to \u00feilke souereyne p{r}ince of \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Wherefore mankind must be dissevered and disunited from\n the source of its existence, and shrink from its beginning.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 36.]]\n\n \u00b6 For 4600\n whiche it byhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat \u00fee lynage of mankynde\n as *\u00feou songe a litel here byforne ben dep{ar}ted\n {and} vnioyned from hys welle {and} faylen of hys bygynnynge.\n \u00feat is to seien god. 4604\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4558 _medes of_--Meedes to\n 4560 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4562 _al\u00feer worste whiche_--alderworst which\n 4563 _nowe_--MS. newe, C. now\n _al\u00feer moste iuste_--alder moost Iust\n _moste_--most\n 4565-67 _good[e]_--goode\n 4566 _wille_--wil\n [_ne_]--from C.\n 4571 _wi\u00feoute_--w{i}t{h}-owten\n 4573 _\u00feou\u021dt_--thoght\n 4574 _yledd_--MS. yledde, C. yled\n 4575 _come\u00fe_--comth\n 4577 _done_--doon\n 4578 _mak[er]e_--maker{e}\n 4579 _au\u021dt[e]_--owhte\n 4584 _whiche_--which\n 4588 _preis_--prys\n _ry\u021dtfulnesse_--Rihtwessenesse\n 4589 _deserue_--desseruyn\n 4590 _deuyne_--MS. deuynes, C. dyuyne\n 4590-93 _whiche_--which\n 4591 _grete_--gret\n 4593 [_men_]--from C.\n _speken_--speke\n 4595 _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 4596 _emprenten_--impetrent\n 4597 [_nat_]--from C.\n [_hope_]--from C.\n 4601 _whiche_--which\n 4602 _byforne_--by-forn]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n THE UNKNOWN CANNOT BE DESIRED.]\n\nQUE NAM DISCORS\n\n [Sidenote: [The .3^de. Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Say what discordant cause looses the bonds of things?]\n\n ++What discordable cause ha\u00fe to-rent {and} vnioigned \u00fee\n byndyng or \u00fee alliaunce of \u00feinges. \u00feat is to seyne\n \u00fee coniuncc{i}ou{n} of god {and} of man.\n\n [Sidenote: What power doth make these two great truths (_i.\u00a0e._\n Providence and Free-will) contend, which when separate are plain\n and clear, but united appear dark and perplexed?]\n\n \u00b6 whiche god\n ha\u00fe establissed so grete bataile bitwixe{n} \u00feise two so\u00feefast 4608\n or verray \u00feinges. \u00feat is to sein bytwixen \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce\n of god {and} fre wille. \u00feat \u00feei ben synguler {and}\n diuided. ne \u00feat \u00feei ne wolen nat ben medeled ne\n coupled to-gidre. but \u00feer nis no discorde to [tho] verray 4612\n \u00feinges. but \u00feei cleuen certeyne al wey to hem self.\n\n [Sidenote: The mind of man encumbered by the earthly body, can\n never, with her cloudy sight, discover the subtle and close bonds\n of things.]\n\n but \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt of man co{n}founded {and} ouer\u00ferowen by \u00fee dirke\n membris of \u00fee body ne may nat by fir of his dirk[ed]\n lokynge. \u00feat is to seyn by \u00fee vigo{ur} of hys insy\u021dt while 4616\n \u00fee soule is in \u00fee body knowen \u00fee \u00feinne subtil knyttynges\n of \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: But why does man burn with ardour to learn the hidden\n notes of truth?]\n\n \u00b6 But wherfore eschaufi\u00fe it so by so\n grete loue to fynden \u00feilke note[s] of so\u00fee y-cou{er}ed. (_glosa_)\n \u00feat is to sein wherfore eschaufi\u00fe \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt of man by so 4620\n grete desir to knowen \u00feilke notificac{i}ou{n}s \u00feat ben yhidd\n vndir \u00fee couerto{ur}s of so\u00fee.\n\n [Sidenote: Why gropes he for he knows not what? None seek to know\n what is known.]\n\n woot it ou\u021dt \u00feilke \u00feinges\n \u00feat it anguissous desire\u00fe to knowe. as who sei\u00fe nay. [[pg 160]]\n \u00b6 For no man ne trauaile\u00fe forto witen \u00feinges \u00feat he woot. 4624\n {and} \u00feerfore \u00fee texte sei\u00fe \u00feus. \u00b6 [_Glosa_] Si eni{m} a{n}i{m}a\n ignorat istas subtiles co{n}nexiones. r{espo}nde. vn{de} est\n q{uo}d desiderat scire cu{m} nil ignotu{m} possit desiderare.\n \u00b6 But who traua[i]le\u00fe to wyten \u00feinges y-knowe.\n\n [Sidenote: If he knows them not, what does he so blindly seek?]\n\n and yif 4628\n \u00feat he ne knowe\u00fe hem nat. what seki\u00fe \u00feilke blynde\n \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: Who wishes for things he hath never known?]\n\n what is he \u00feat desire\u00fe any \u00feinge of whiche he\n woot ry\u021dt nat. as who sei\u00fe who so desiri\u00fe any \u00feing\n nedis som what he knowe\u00fe of it. or ellys he ne cou\u00fee 4632\n nat desire it. or who may folwen \u00feinges \u00feat ne ben nat\n ywist\n\n [Sidenote: Or if he seek, where shall he find them? Or if he find,\n how shall he be sure that he has found what he sought for?]\n\n \u00b6 and \u00feou\u021d [\u00fe{a}t] he seke \u00feo \u00feinges where shal\n he fynde{n} hem. what wy\u021dt \u00feat is al vnknowynge {and}\n ignoraunt may knowe \u00fee forme \u00feat is yfounde.\n\n [Sidenote: The pure soul that sees the divine thought, knows all\n the secret chains of things.]\n\n \u00b6 But 4636\n whan \u00fee soule byholde\u00fe {and} see\u00fe \u00fee heye \u00feou\u021dt. \u00feat is\n to seyn god. \u00fean knowe\u00fe it to-gidre \u00fee so{m}me {and} \u00fee\n singularites. \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee p{r}inciples {and} eueryche\n by hym self.\n\n [Sidenote: Yet, though now hidden in its fleshly members, it hath\n some remembrance of its pure state--it retains the sums of things,\n but has lost their particulars.]\n\n \u00b6 But now while \u00fee soule is hidd in \u00fee 4640\n cloude {and} in \u00fee derknesse of \u00fee membris of \u00fee body.\n it ne ha\u00fe nat al for\u021deten it selfe. but it wi\u00feholde\u00fe \u00fee\n so{m}me of \u00feinges {and} lesi\u00fe \u00fee singularites.\n\n [Sidenote: He who seeks truth is not in either circumstance\n (_i.\u00a0e._ seeking for what he knows or knows not), he knoweth not\n all things, nor hath he wholly forgotten all.]\n\n \u00fean who so\n \u00feat seke\u00fe so\u00feenesse. he nis in nei\u00fe{er} nou\u00feir habit. for 4644\n he not nat alle ne he ne ha\u00fe nat alle for-\u021deten.\n\n [Sidenote: But he ponders on what he knows, that he may add those\n things that he hath forgotten to those that he retains.]\n\n \u00b6 But\n \u021ditte hym remembri\u00fe \u00fee so{m}me of \u00feinges \u00feat he wi\u00feholde\u00fe\n {and} axe\u00fe cou{n}seil {and} treti\u00fe depelyche \u00fei{n}ges\n ysein byforne. [_Glosa_] \u00feat is to sein \u00fee grete so{m}me in 4648\n hys mynde. [_textus_] so \u00feat he mowe adden \u00fee p{ar}ties\n \u00feat he ha\u00fe for\u021deten. to \u00feilke \u00feat he ha\u00fe wi\u00feholden.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4605 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4606 _seyne_--seyn\n 4607 _whiche_--which\n 4608 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _grete_--gret\n _so\u00feefast_--soothfast\n 4610 _wille_--wil\n 4612 _discorde_--discord\n [_tho_]--from C.\n 4613 _cleuen_--clyuen\n 4615 _dirk[ed]_--derkyd\n 4616 _while_--whil\n 4617 _knowen_--knowe\n 4619-21 _grete_--gret\n _note[s]_--notes\n 4619 _so\u00fee_--soth\n 4621 _yhidd_--MS. yhidde, C. Ihyd\n 4622 _so\u00fee_--sooth\n _\u00feinges_--thing\n 4625 [_Glosa_]--from C.\n 4630 _\u00feinge_--thing\n _whiche_--which\n 4631 _woot_--not\n _nat_--nawht\n 4632 _cou\u00fee_--kowde\n 4634 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n _where_--wher\n 4635 _what_--MS. \u00feat, C. what\n _vnknowynge_--vnkunnynge\n 4639 _eueryche_--eu{er}ych\n 4640 _while_--whil\n _\u00fee_--MS. \u00fee \u00fee\n _hidd_--MS. hidde, C. hidde\n 4641 _derknesse_--derkenesse\n 4642 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n _selfe_--self\n 4644 _nou\u00feir habit_--nother habite\n 4645 _alle_ (_both_)--al\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4648 [_Glosa_]--from C.\n 4649 [_textus_]--from C.\n 4650 _ha\u00fe_ (_both_)--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n\n [[pg 161]]\n [Headnote:\n ANSWERS TO OBJECTIONS AGAINST PROVIDENCE.]\n\nTAMEN ILLA UETUS INQ{U}IT HEC EST.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 4^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ This is the old objection against Providence, so\n ably handled by Cicero in his _Book of Divination_; and you\n yourself have anxiously discussed it.]\n\n ++\u00deanne seide she. \u00feis is q{uo}d she \u00fee olde questiou{n} of\n \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce of god. {and} marcus tulius whan he 4652\n deuided[e] \u00fee deuinac{i}ou{n}s. \u00feat is to sein in hys booke\n \u00feat he wroot of deuinac{i}ou{n}s. he moeued[e] gretly \u00feis\n questiou{n}. {and} \u00feou \u00fei self hast sou\u021dt it mochel {and}\n outerly {and} lo{n}g[e].\n\n [Sidenote: But neither of you have offered a satisfactory solution\n of the difficulty.]\n\n but \u021dit ne ha\u00fe it nat ben determined 4656\n ne yspedd fermely {and} diligently of any of yow.\n\n [Sidenote: The cause of this mystery is that the human\n understanding cannot conceive the simplicity of the divine\n prescience, for if it were possible to comprehend this, every\n difficulty would at once disappear.]\n\n \u00b6 And \u00fee cause of \u00feis derkenesse {and} [of this] difficulte\n is for \u00feat \u00fee moeuynge of \u00fee resou{n} of mankynde ne\n may nat moeue{n} to. \u00feat is to sein applien or ioygnen to 4660\n \u00fee simplicite of \u00fee deuyne p{re}science. \u00b6 \u00fee whiche\n symplicite of \u00fee deuyne p{re}science \u021dif \u00feat men [myhten\n thinken it in any maner{e} / \u00fe{a}t is to seyn / \u00fe{a}t yif men] my\u021dte\n \u00feinken {and} co{m}p{re}henden \u00fee \u00feinges as god see\u00fe hem. 4664\n \u00fean ne sholde \u00feer dwellen outerly no doute.\n\n [Sidenote: I shall, therefore, try to explain and solve this\n difficult question.]\n\n \u00fee whiche\n resou{n} {and} cause of difficulte I shal assaie at \u00fee laste\n to shewen {and} to speden.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 36 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 whan I haue *firste\n [yspendyd / {and}] ansewered to \u00feo resou{n}s by whiche \u00fe{o}u 4668\n art ymoeued.\n\n [Sidenote: I ask, then, why you do not approve the reasoning of\n such as think--that Prescience does not obstruct the liberty of\n the will, because it is not the necessitating cause of future\n events?]\n\n \u00b6 For I axe whi \u00fe{o}u wenest \u00feat \u00feilk[e]\n resou{n}s of hem \u00feat assoilen \u00feis questiou{n} ne ben nat\n spedeful ynou\u021d ne sufficient \u00fee whiche soluc{i}ou{n} or \u00fee\n whiche resou{n} for \u00feat it demi\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee p{re}science nis nat 4672\n cause of necessite to \u00feinges to comen. \u00fean ne wene\u00fe it\n nat \u00feat fredom of wille be distourbed or ylett by p{re}science.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4653 _deuided[e]_--deuynede\n _booke_--book\n 4654 _moeued[e]_--moeuede\n 4655 _sou\u021dt_--I-sowht\n 4656 _long[e]_--longe\n _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4657 _yspedd_--MS. yspedde, C. Isped\n _fermely_--MS. feruently, C. fermely\n 4658 _derkenesse_--dirknesse\n [_of this_]--from C.\n 4662-3 [_myhten----men_]--from C.\n 4663 _my\u021dte_--myhten\n 4667 _firste_--fyrst\n 4668 [_yspendyd and_]--from C.\n _\u00feo_--the\n _whiche_--which\n 4669 _art_--MS. arte\n _\u00feilk[e]_--thilke\n 4671 _spedeful_--spedful\n 4672 _whiche_--which\n 4674 _wille_--wyl]\n\n [Headnote:\n NECESSITY AND PRESCIENCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Do you draw an argument of the necessity of future\n events, from any other topic than this,--that those things which\n are foreknown must of necessity happen?]\n\n for ne drawest \u00feou nat argumentes from ellys\n where of \u00fee necessite of \u00feinges to comen. As who sei\u00fe 4676\n any o\u00feer wey \u00fean \u00feus. but \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinge[s] \u00feat \u00fee p{re}scie{n}ce\n woot byforn [ne] mowen nat vnbitide. \u00feat is to\n seyn \u00feat \u00feei moten bitide.\n\n [Sidenote: If divine prescience imposes no necessity upon future\n things, must not the issue of things be voluntary, and man\u2019s will\n free and unconstrained?]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00fean yif \u00feat p{re}science\n ne putte\u00fe no necessite to \u00feinges to comen. as \u00feou \u00fei self 4680\n hast confessed it {and} byknowen a litel herbyforn{e}.\n \u00b6\u00a0what [[pg 162]]\n cause [or what] is it. as who sei\u00fe \u00feere may no cause be.\n by whiche \u00feat \u00fee endes (exitus) uoluntarie of \u00feinges\n my\u021dten be constreyned to certeyne bitydyng.\n\n [Sidenote: For argument sake let us suppose there is no\n prescience, would, then, the events which proceed from free-will\n alone be under the power of necessity?]\n\n \u00b6 For 4684\n by grace of possessiou{n}. so \u00feat \u00feou mowe \u00fee better vndirstonde\n \u00feis \u00feat folwe\u00fe. \u00b6 I pose (inpossibile) \u00feat\n \u00feer ne be no p{re}science. \u00fean axe I q{uo}d she in as\n moche as app{er}teni\u00fe to \u00feat. sholde \u00fean \u00feinges \u00feat 4688\n comen of frewille ben constreined to bytiden by\n necessite.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No.]\n\n {Boici}us. nay q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Let us, then, admit Prescience, but that it\n imposes no necessity on what is to happen; the freedom of the will\n would still remain entire and absolute.]\n\n \u00fean a\u021deinward q{uo}d\n she. I suppose \u00feat \u00feere be p{re}science but \u00feat ne putte\u00fe\n no necessite to \u00feinges. \u00fean trowe I \u00feat \u00feilk self fredom 4692\n of wille shal dwelle{n} al hool {and} absolut {and} vnbounden.\n\n [Sidenote: But although Prescience, you may say, is not the\n necessary cause of future events, yet it is a sign that they shall\n necessarily happen, and hence it follows that, although there were\n no prescience, future events would still be an inevitable\n necessity.]\n\n but \u00feou wolt sein \u00feat al be it so \u00feat p{re}science\n nis nat cause of \u00fee necessite of bitidynge to \u00feinges to\n comen. \u00b6 Algates \u021ditte it is a signe \u00fe{a}t \u00fee \u00feinges ben 4696\n to bytiden by necessite. by \u00feis manere \u00fean al \u00feou\u021d \u00fee\n p{re}science ne hadde neuer yben. \u021dit algate or at \u00fee\n lest[e] wey. it is certeyne \u00feing \u00feat \u00fee e{n}dys {and} \u00fee\n bitydynges of \u00feinges to come{n} sholde ben necessarie. 4700\n\n [Sidenote: For the sign of a thing is not really the thing itself,\n but only points out what the individual is.]\n\n \u00b6 For euery sygne shewe\u00fe {and} signifie\u00fe oonly what \u00fee\n \u00feing is \u00b6 but it ne maki\u00fe nat \u00fee \u00feing \u00feat it signifie\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: Wherefore, it must be first proved that everything\n happens by necessity before we can conclude that prescience is a\n sign of that necessity.]\n\n \u00b6 For whiche it byhoue\u00fe firste to shewen \u00feat no \u00feing\n ne bitidi\u00fe [\u00fe{a}t it ne bytydith] by necessite. so \u00feat it 4704\n may apere \u00fe{a}t \u00fee p{re}scie{n}ce is signe of \u00feis necessite\n\n [Sidenote: For if there be no necessity, prescience cannot be the\n sign of that which has no existence.]\n\n \u00b6 or ellys yif \u00feere nere no necessite. certys \u00feilke p{re}science\n ne my\u021dt[e] nat ben signe of \u00feinge \u00feat nis nat.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4677 _\u00feinge[s]_--thinges\n 4683 _whiche_--which\n 4685 _better_--beter{e}\n 4688 _moche_--mochel\n 4689 _frewille_--free wyl\n 4691 _\u00feat ne_--\u00feat is ne\n 4692 _\u00feat_--MS. \u00fean\n _\u00feilk self_--thilke selue\n 4693 _wille_--wil\n 4699 _lest[e]_--leeste\n 4700 _sholde_--sholden\n 4703 _whiche_--which\n _firste_--fyrst\n 4704 [_\u00feat----bytydith_]--from C.\n 4707 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n _\u00feinge_--thing]\n\n [Headnote:\n NOT ALL THINGS CONTROLLED BY NECESSITY.]\n\n [Sidenote: The assertion that nothing happens but by necessity,\n must be proved by arguments drawn from causes connected and\n agreeing with this necessity, and not from signs or foreign\n causes.]\n\n \u00b6 But certys it is nowe certeyne \u00feat \u00fee preue of \u00feis 4708\n susteni\u00fe by stedfast resou{n} ne shal nat ben ladd ne\n p{ro}ued by signes ne by argumentys ytaken fro wi\u00fe oute.\n but by causes couenable {and} necessarie \u00b6 But \u00feou\n mayst sein how may it be \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges ne bitiden nat 4712\n \u00feat ben ypurueyed to comen. but certys ry\u021dt as we [[pg 163]]\n trowen \u00feat \u00feo \u00feinges whiche \u00feat \u00fee p{ur}ueau{n}ce woot byforn\n to comen. ne ben nat to bitiden. but [\u00fe{a}t] ne sholde\n we nat demen. but ra\u00feer al \u00feou\u021d [\u00feat] \u00feei schal bitiden. 4716\n \u021dit ne haue \u00feei no necessite of hire kynde to bitiden.\n {and} \u00feis maist \u00feou ly\u021dtly ap{er}ceyue{n} by \u00feis \u00feat I shal\n seyn.\n\n [Sidenote: We see many things when they are done before our eyes;\n such as a charioteer driving his chariot, and other things of like\n nature.]\n\n but we seen many \u00feinges whan \u00feei ben don byforn\n oure eyen ry\u021dt as men seen \u00fee karter worken in \u00fee 4720\n to{ur}nynge {and} in attempryng or in adressy{n}g of hys\n kartes or chariottes. \u00b6 and by \u00feis manere as who sei\u00fe\n mayst \u00feou vnd{er}sto{n}de of alle manere o\u00feir werkeme{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: Now, is there any necessity which compels these things\n to be done?]\n\n \u00b6 Is \u00feere \u00feanne any necessite as who sei\u00fe in oure lokynge 4724\n [\u00fe{a}t] constreine\u00fe or compelli\u00fe any of \u00feilke \u00feinges\n to ben don so.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No. For if all things were moved by\n compulsion--the efforts of art would be vain and fruitless.]\n\n b. nay q{uo}d I \u00b6 For in ydel {and} in\n veyne were alle \u00fee effect of crafte yif \u00feat alle \u00feinges\n weren moeued by constreynynge. \u00feat is to seyn by constreynynge 4728\n of oure eyen or of oure sy\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ The things, then, which are done are under no\n necessity that they should be done; then first before they were\n done, they were under no necessity of coming to pass; wherefore\n some things happen, the event of which is unconstrained by\n necessity.]\n\n _P._ \u00feise \u00fei{n}g{us}\n \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat whan men don hem ne han non\n necessite \u00feat men don hem. eke \u00feo same \u00feinges first or\n \u00feei be don. \u00feei ben to comen wi\u00fe out necessite.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 37.]]\n\n for whi 4732\n \u00feer ben so{m}me \u00feinges to bytide of whiche \u00fee endys\n {and} \u00fee bitidynges of hem ben absolut *{and} quit of alle\n necessite.\n\n [Sidenote: These things therefore, although foreknown, have free\n events: for as the knowledge of present things imposes no\n necessity upon things which are now done, so neither does the\n foreknowledge of futurities necessitate the things which are to\n come.]\n\n for certys I ne trowe nat \u00feat any man wolde seyn\n \u00feis. \u00feat \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat men don now \u00fe{a}t \u00feei ne weren 4736\n to bitiden. first or \u00feei were ydon \u00b6 and \u00feilk same\n \u00feinges al \u00feou\u021d \u00fe{a}t men hadde{n} ywyst hem by-forn.\n \u021ditte \u00feei han fre bitidynges. for ry\u021dt as science of\n \u00feinges p{re}sent ne brynge\u00fe in no necessite to \u00feinges 4740\n [\u00fe{a}t men doon // Ryht so the p{re}science of thinges to\n comen ne bryngeth in no necessite to thinges] to bytiden\n\n [Sidenote: But you may doubt whether there can be any certain\n prescience of things, of which the event is not necessitated: for\n here there seems to be an evident contradiction.]\n\n but \u00feou mayst seyn \u00feat of \u00feilke same it is ydouted. as\n whe\u00feer \u00feat of \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat ne han non endes {and} 4744\n bytidynges necessaryes yif \u00feer-of may ben any p{re}science\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4708 _nowe_--now\n 4709 _susteni\u00fe_--ysustenyd\n _stedfast_--stydefast\n _ladd_--MS. ladde, C. lad\n 4714 _whiche_--which\n 4715 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n _sholde_--sholden\n 4716 _demen_--MS. denyen\n [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 4717 _necessite_--MS. necessites\n 4721 _hys_--hise\n 4725 [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 4727 _veyne_--veyn\n _alle_--al\n _crafte_--craft\n 4729 _\u00feise_--MS. \u00feise \u00feise, C. the\n 4732 _wi\u00fe out_--w{i}t{h}-owte\n 4733 _bytide_--bytyden\n _whiche_--which\n 4737 _were_--weeren\n _ydon_--MS. ydone, C. I-doon\n _\u00feilk_--thilke\n 4741-2 [_\u00feat----thinges_]--from C.\n 4744 _endes_--issues]\n\n [[pg 164]]\n [Headnote:\n THE NATURE OF TRUE KNOWLEDGE.]\n\n [Sidenote: If things are foreknown, you may contend they must\n necessarily happen; and if their event is not necessary, they\n cannot be foreseen, because true knowledge can comprehend nothing\n but what is absolutely certain.]\n\n \u00b6 For certys \u00feei seme to discorde. for \u00feou\n wenest \u00feat yif \u00feat \u00feinges ben yseyn byforn \u00feat necessite\n folwe\u00fe hem. and yif ({et} putas) necessite faile\u00fe hem \u00feei ne 4748\n my\u021dten nat ben wist byforn. {and} \u00feat no \u00feinge ne may\n ben comp{re}hendid by science but certeyne.\n\n [Sidenote: And if things uncertain in their events are foreseen as\n certain, this knowledge is nothing more than a false opinion.]\n\n {and} yif \u00feo\n \u00feinges \u00feat ne han no certeyne bytidynges ben ypurueied\n as certeyn.\n\n [Sidenote: For it is very remote from true knowledge to judge of\n things otherwise than they really are.]\n\n it sholde ben dirkenesse of oppiniou{n} nat 4752\n so\u00feefastnesse of science [{and} \u00fe{o}u weenyst \u00fe{a}t it be diu{er}se\n fro the hoolnesse of science / \u00fe{a}t any man sholde deme\n a thing to ben oother weys thanne it is it self].\n\n [Sidenote: The cause of this error is that men imagine that their\n knowledge is wholly derived from the nature of the things known,\n whereas it is quite the reverse.]\n\n and \u00fee\n cause of \u00feis errour is. \u00feat of alle \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat euery 4756\n wy\u021dt ha\u00fe yknowe. \u00feei wenen \u00feat \u00feo \u00feinges ben y-knowe\n al oonly by \u00fee streng\u00fee {and} by \u00fee nature of \u00fee \u00feinges\n \u00feat ben ywyst or yknowe. {and} it is al \u00fee contrarie. for\n alle \u00feat eu{er}e is yknowe.\n\n [Sidenote: Things are not known from their inherent properties,\n but by the faculties of the observer.]\n\n it is ra\u00feer comp{re}hendid {and} 4760\n yknowe{n} nat after his strenge\u00fe {and} hys nature. but after\n \u00fee faculte \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee power {and} [the] nature of\n hem \u00feat knowen.\n\n [Sidenote: The roundness of a body affects the sight in one way,\n and the touch in another.]\n\n {and} for \u00feat \u00feis shal mowe shewen by\n a short ensample \u00fee same roundenes of a body .O. o\u00feer 4764\n weyes \u00fee sy\u021dt of \u00fee eye knowe\u00fe it. {and} o\u00feer weyes \u00fee\n touchi{n}g.\n\n [Sidenote: The eye, from afar, darts its rays upon the object, and\n by beholding it comprehends its form.]\n\n \u00fee lokynge by castynge of his bemes waite\u00fe\n {and} see\u00fe fro afer alle \u00fee body to-gider wi\u00fe oute mouynge\n of it self.\n\n [Sidenote: But the object is not distinguished by the touch unless\n the hand comes in contact with it and feels it all round.]\n\n but \u00fee touchinge cliui\u00fe {and} conioigne\u00fe to \u00fee 4768\n rounde body (orbi) {and} moue\u00fe abouten \u00fee environynge.\n {and} comp{re}hendi\u00fe by p{ar}ties \u00fee roundenesse.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4746 _seme_--semyn\n _discorde_--discorden\n 4749 _\u00feat_--yif\n 4753-5 [_and----self_]--from C.\n 4757 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4760 _alle_--al\n 4763 _mowe_--mowen\n 4764 _roundenes_--Rowndnesse\n 4765 _sy\u021dt_--sihte\n 4767 _alle_--al\n 4769 _abouten_--abowte\n 4770 _roundenesse_--Rowndnesse]\n\n [Headnote:\n SENSE, REASON, AND INTELLIGENCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: Man himself is surveyed in divers ways--by the senses,\n by the imagination, by reason, and by the intelligence (of the\n Deity).]\n\n \u00b6 and \u00fee man hym self o\u00feer weies wyt byholdi\u00fe hym. {and}\n o\u00fe{er}weyes ymaginac{i}ou{n} {and} o\u00feer weyes resou{n}. {and} 4772\n o\u00feer weyes intelligence.\n\n [Sidenote: The senses take note of his material figure--the\n imagination considers the form alone, exclusive of the matter.]\n\n \u00b6 For \u00fee wit co{m}p{re}he{n}di\u00fe\n fro wi\u00fe outen fur\u00fee \u00fee figure of \u00fee body of \u00fee man. \u00feat\n is establissed in \u00fee matere subiect. But \u00fee ymaginac{i}ou{n}\n [comp{re}hendith only the figur{e} w{i}t{h} owte the mater{e} / 4776\n\n [Sidenote: Reason transcends the imaginations, and examining\n existences in general discovers the particular species, but the\n eye of Intelligence soars still higher; for, going beyond the\n bounds of what is general, it surveys the _simple forms_\n themselves, by its own pure and subtle thought:]\n\n Resou{n} surmou{n}teth ymaginaciou{n}]\n {and} co{m}p{re}hende\u00fe [[pg 165]]\n by an vniuersel lokynge \u00fee co{mmun}e spece (sp{eci}em)\n \u00feat is in \u00fee singuler peces. \u00b6 But \u00fee eye of intelligence\n is hey\u021der for it so{ur}mou{n}te\u00fe \u00fee envirounynge of \u00fee 4780\n vniu{er}site {and} looke\u00fe ouer \u00feat by pure subtilite of \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: in which this is chiefly to be considered, that the\n higher power of perception embraces the lower; but the inferior\n cannot attain to the energy of the superior:]\n\n \u00feilk same symple forme of man \u00feat is p{er}durably in \u00fee\n deuyne \u00feou\u021dt. in whiche \u00feis au\u021dt[e] gretely to ben considered\n \u00feat \u00fee heyest streng\u00fee to co{m}prehenden \u00feinges 4784\n enbrace\u00fe {and} conteyne\u00fe \u00fee lower[e] streng\u00fee [but the\n lower{e} strengthe ne arysith nat in no maner{e} to heyer{e}\n strengthe].\n\n [Sidenote: for the senses cannot go beyond the perception of\n matter; the imagination cannot comprehend existences in general,\n nor can the reason conceive the simple form.]\n\n for wit ne may no \u00feinge co{m}p{re}hende oute of\n matere. ne \u00fee ymagynac{i}ou{n} ne loke\u00fe nat \u00fee vniuerseles 4788\n speces. ne resou{n} ne take\u00fe nat \u00fee symple forme. so as\n i{n}telligence take\u00fe it.\n\n [Sidenote: But the Intelligence looking down (as from above) and\n having conceived the form, discerns all things that are below it,\n and comprehends what does not fall within the reach of the other\n faculties of the mind.]\n\n but \u00fee intelligence \u00feat loke\u00fe al\n abouen whan it ha\u00fe co{m}p{re}hendid \u00fee forme it knowe\u00fe\n {and} deme\u00fe alle \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat be{n} vndir \u00feat forme. but 4792\n she knowe\u00fe he{m} vndir \u00feilke manere in \u00fee whiche it\n comp{re}hendi\u00fe \u00feilke same symple forme \u00feat ne may\n neuer be knowen to non of \u00feat o\u00feer. \u00feat is to seyn to\n non of \u00feo \u00fere forseide streng\u00fees of \u00fee soule.\n\n [Sidenote: Without the aid of those faculties Intelligence\n comprehends things _formally_ (_i.\u00a0e._ by beholding their simple\n forms) by one effort of mind.]\n\n for it 4796\n knowe\u00fe \u00fee vniuersite of resou{n} {and} \u00fee figure of\n \u00fee ymaginac{i}ou{n}.\n {and} \u00fee sensible mat{er}ial conseiued. {and} \u00feou\n wenest \u00fe{a}t it be diuerse fro \u00fee hoolnesse of science. \u00feat\n any man sholde deme a \u00feing to ben o\u00fe{er}weyes \u00fean it is 4800\n it self {and} \u00fee cause of \u00feis erro{ur} {et}c\u2019. {vt sup}ra. by wit.\n\n [Sidenote: Reason, without the aid of Imagination and Sense, in\n considering things in general, comprehends all imaginable and\n sensible things.]\n\n ne it ne vse\u00fe nat nor of resou{n} ne of ymaginac{i}ou{n} ne\n of wit wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee but it byholde\u00fe alle \u00feinges so as I\n shal seye. by a strok of \u00feou\u021dt formely wi\u00fe oute disco{ur}s 4804\n or collac{i}ou{n} \u00b6 Certys resou{n} whan it loke\u00fe any \u00feing\n vniu{er}sel it ne vse\u00fe nat of ymaginac{i}ou{n} nor of wit {and}\n algates \u021dit [it] co{m}prendi\u00fe \u00fee \u00feinges ymaginable {and}\n sensible.\n\n [Sidenote: For instance, reason defines her general conceptions\n thus:--]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 37 _b_.]]\n\n for resou{n} is she \u00feat *diffinisse\u00fe \u00fee vniuersel 4808\n of hir conseite ry\u021dt \u00feus. [[pg 166]]\n\n [Sidenote: Man is a rational two-footed animal, which, though it\n be a general idea, yet every one knows that man thus defined is\n perceived both by the imagination and the senses, notwithstanding\n that in this instance reason does not make use of imagination or\n the senses, but of her own rational conception.]\n\n \u00b6 Man is a resonable t[w]o-footid\n beest. and how so \u00feat \u00feis knowynge [is] vniuersel.\n \u021dit nys \u00feer no wy\u021dt \u00feat ne woot wel. \u00feat a ma{n} is [a thing]\n ymaginable {and} sensible \u00b6 and \u00feis same co{n}sidere\u00fe wel 4812\n resou{n}. but \u00feat nis nat by ymaginac{i}ou{n}. nor by witte.\n but it loki\u00fe it by [a] resonable concepc{i}ou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: The imagination also, although it derives its power of\n seeing and forming figures from the senses, yet in the absence and\n without the use of the senses it considers and comprehends all\n sensible things by its own imaginative power.]\n\n \u00b6 Also ymaginac{i}ou{n}\n al be it so. \u00feat it take\u00fe of wit \u00fee bygyny{n}g{us}\n to seen {and} to formen \u00fee figures. algates al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat wit 4816\n ne ware not p{re}sent. \u021dit it envirouni\u00fe {and} co{m}p{re}hendi\u00fe\n alle \u00feinges sensible. nat by resou{n} sensible of demynge.\n but by resou{n} ymaginatif.\n\n [Sidenote: Do not you see that men attain to the knowledge of\n things more by their own faculties, than by the inherent property\n of things?]\n\n \u00b6 sest \u00feou nat \u00fean \u00feat alle\n \u00fee \u00feinges in knowynge vsen more of hir faculte or of hir 4820\n power. \u00fean \u00feei don of [the] faculte or of power of \u00feinges\n \u00feat ben yknowen.\n\n [Sidenote: Nor is it unreasonable that it should be so--for since\n every judgment is the act of the person judging; every one must\n needs do his own work by the help of his own faculties, and not by\n the aid of foreign power.]\n\n ne \u00feat nis no wronge. for so as euery\n iugement is \u00fee dede or \u00fee doynge of hym \u00feat deme\u00fe. It 4823\n byhoue\u00fe \u00feat euery wy\u021dt p{er}forme \u00fee werke {and} hys entenc{i}ou{n}\n nat of forein power[;] but of hys propre power.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4774 _fro wi\u00fe outen fur\u00fee_--w{i}t{h} owte forth\n 4776-7 [_comprehendith----ymaginacioun_]--from C.\n 4777 _comprehende\u00fe_--MS. co{m}p{re}hendynge\n 4778 _an_--omitted\n 4780 _hey\u021der_--heyer{e}\n 4783 _whiche_--which\n _au\u021dt[e]_--owhte\n 4784 _heyest_--heyiste\n 4785 _lower[e]_--lower{e}\n 4785-7 [_but----strengthe_]--from C.\n 4787 _wit_--witte\n _oute_--owt\n 4791 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4793 _whiche_--which\n 4795-6 _non_--none\n 4796 _streng\u00fees_--thinges\n 4798-4801 _and \u00feou----vt supra_--omitted\n 4805 _collacioun_--MS. callac{i}ou{n}, C. collaciou{n}\n 4806 _wit_--witte\n 4810 [_is_]--from C.\n 4813 _witte_--wit\n 4821 _don_--MS. done, C. doon\n [_the_]--from C.\n 4822 _yknowen_--Iknowe]\n _no wronge_--nat wrong\n 4824 _werke_--werk\n 4825 _forein_--foreyne]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n HOW OUR KNOWLEDGE OF OUTWARD THINGS IS GAINED.]\n\nQUONDAM PORTICUS ATTULIT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 4^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Fallacious and obscure was the lore of the Stoics,]\n\n ++\u00deE porche \u00feat is to sein a gate of \u00fee toune of athenis\n \u00feer as philosophres hadde hir congregac{i}ou{n} to dispoyten.\n {and} \u00feilke porche brou\u021dt[e] so{m}tyme olde men ful 4828\n derke in hire sentences. \u00fe{a}t is to sein philosophers \u00feat\n hy\u021dten stoiciens.\n\n [Sidenote: who taught that images of things obvious to the senses\n were imprinted on the mind by external objects, and that the soul\n is at first like a mirror or a clean parchment, free from figures\n and letters.]\n\n \u00feat wenden \u00feat ymages [{and}] sensibilites\n \u00feat is to sein sensible ymaginac{i}ou{n}s. or ellys ymaginac{i}ou{n}\n of sensible \u00feinges were{n} i{n}p{re}ntid in to soules 4832\n fro bodies wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee. \u00b6 As who sei\u00fe \u00feat \u00feilke\n stoiciens wenden \u00fe{a}t \u00fee soule hadde ben naked of it\n self. as a mirour or a clene p{ar}chemyn. so \u00feat alle\n fygures mosten [fyrst] comen fro \u00feinges fro wi\u00fe oute in to 4836\n soules. {and} ben inp{re}ntid in to soules. _Textus._ Ry\u021dt\n as we ben wont some tyme by a swift poyntel to ficchen\n l{ett}res emp{re}ntid in \u00fee smo\u00feenesse or in \u00fee plainesse of\n \u00fee table of wex. or in p{ar}chemyn \u00feat ne ha\u00fe no figure [[pg 167]]\n [ne] note in it.\n\n [Sidenote: But if the mind is passive in receiving the impressions\n of outward objects, whence proceeds the knowledge by which the\n mind comprehends all things?]\n\n _Glosa._ But now argui\u00fe boece a\u021deins \u00feat 4841\n oppiniou{n} {and} sei\u00fe \u00feus. but yif \u00fee \u00feriuyng soule ne\n vnpliti\u00fe no \u00feing. \u00feat is to sein ne do\u00fe no \u00feing by hys\n p{ro}pre moeuynges. but suffri\u00fe {and} lie\u00fe subgit to \u00fee 4844\n figures {and} to \u00fee notes of bodyes wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee. {and}\n \u021delde\u00fe ymages ydel {and} veyne in \u00fee manere of a\n mirour. whennes \u00feriue\u00fe \u00fean or whennes come\u00fe \u00fean\n \u00feilke knowyng in oure soule. \u00feat discerni\u00fe {and} byholde\u00fe 4848\n alle \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Whence its force to conceive individual existences, to\n separate those things when known, to unite divided things, and to\n choose and change its path, soaring to the highest and descending\n to the lowest things--and returning to itself, to confute false\n things by the true?]\n\n and whennes is \u00feilke streng\u00fee \u00feat\n byholde\u00fe \u00fee syngulere \u00feinges. or whennes is \u00fee streng\u00fee\n \u00feat dyuyde\u00fe \u00feinges yknowe. {and} \u00feilke stre{n}g\u00fee \u00feat\n gadere\u00fe to-gidre \u00fee \u00feinges deuided. {and} \u00fee streng\u00fee \u00feat 4852\n chese\u00fe hys entrechau{n}ged wey for som tyme it heue\u00fe\n vp \u00fee heued. \u00feat is to sein \u00feat it heue\u00fe vp \u00fee ente{n}c{i}ou{n}\n to ry\u021dt heye \u00feinges. {and} som tyme it discendi\u00fe in\n to ry\u021dt lowe \u00feinges. {and} whan it retourni\u00fe in to hym 4856\n self. it rep{re}ui\u00fe {and} destroie\u00fe \u00fee false \u00feinges by \u00fee\n trewe \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: This cause is more efficacious and powerful to see and\n to know things, than that cause which receives the characters\n impressed like servile matter.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys \u00feis streng\u00fee is cause more\n efficient {and} mochel more my\u021dty to seen {and} to knowe\n \u00feinges. \u00fean \u00feilke cause \u00feat suffri\u00fe and resceyue\u00fe \u00fee 4860\n notes {and} \u00fee figures inp{re}ssed in manere of matere\n\n [Sidenote: Yet the sense in the living body excites and moves the\n mental powers; as when the light striking the eyes causes them to\n see, or as the voice rushing into the ear excites hearing.]\n\n algates\n \u00fee passiou{n} \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee suffraunce or \u00fee wit\n i{n} \u00fee quik[e] body go\u00fe byforne excitynge {and} moeuyng\n \u00fee streng\u00fees of \u00fee \u00feou\u021dte. ry\u021dt so as whan \u00feat 4864\n clerenesse smyte\u00fe \u00fee eyen {and} moeui\u00fe hem to seen. or\n ry\u021dt so as voys or soune hurtli\u00fe to \u00fee eres {and} co{m}moeui\u00fe\n hem to herkne.\n\n [Sidenote: Then is the force of thought excited; it calls forth\n the images within itself, and adds to them the outward forms,\n blending external images with the counterparts concealed within.]\n\n \u00fean is \u00fee stre{n}g\u00fee of \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt\n ymoeuid {and} excitid {and} clepe\u00fe fur\u00fee \u00fee semblable 4868\n moeuynges \u00fee speces \u00feat it halt wi\u00fe i{n}ne it self. {and}\n addi\u00fe \u00feo speces to \u00fee notes {and} to \u00fee \u00feinges wi\u00fe out\n for\u00fee. {and} medele\u00fe \u00fee ymages of \u00feinges wi\u00fe out for\u00fee\n to \u00fee forme[s] yhid wi\u00fe i{n}ne hym self. 4872\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4827 _hadde_--hadden\n _dispoyten_--desputen\n 4828 _brou\u021dt[e]_--browhte\n 4830 [_and_]--from C.\n 4837 _inprentid_--aprentyd\n 4838 _some tyme_--somtyme\n _swift_--swyfte\n 4840 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4843 _vnpliti\u00fe_--vnpleyteth\n _do\u00fe_--MS. do\u00fee\n 4845 _\u00fee_--tho\n 4863 _quik[e]_--qwyke\n _go\u00fe_--MS. go\u00fee\n 4864 _\u00feou\u021dte_--thoght\n 4865 _clerenesse_--cleernesse\n 4866 _soune_--sown\n 4868 _fur\u00fee_--forth\n 4870 _out_--owte\n 4871 _out for\u00fee_--owte forth\n 4872 _forme[s]_--formes\n _yhid_--I-hidde]\n\n\n [[pg 168]]\n [Headnote:\n INTELLIGENCE A DIVINE ATTRIBUTE.]\n\nQ{UO}D SI IN CORPORIB{US} SENCIEND{IS}.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 38.]]\n\n*QUESTIO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .5.^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Although there are in objects certain qualities which\n strike externally upon the senses, and put their instruments in\n motion; although the passive impression upon the body precedes the\n action of the mind,]\n\n ++But what [yif] \u00feat in bodies to be{n} feelid \u00feat is\n to sein in \u00fee takynge of knowelechinge of bodyly\n \u00feinges. and al be it so \u00feat \u00fee qualites of bodies \u00fe{a}t ben 4875\n obiect fro wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee moeuen {and} entalenten \u00fee instrumentes\n of \u00fee wittes.\n\n [Sidenote: and although the former rouses the latter to action,\n yet if in the perception of bodily things, the soul is not by the\n impression of external things made to know these things, but by\n its own power judgeth of these bodily impressions,]\n\n and al be it so \u00feat \u00fee passiou{n}\n of \u00fee body \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee witte [or the] suffrau{n}ce\n [goth to-forn the strengthe of the workynge corage / the\n which passiou{n} or suffraunce] clepi\u00fe fur\u00fee \u00fee dede of 4880\n \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt in hym self. {and} moeue\u00fe {and} exite\u00fe in \u00feis\n mene while \u00fee formes \u00fe{a}t resten wi\u00fe in for\u00fee. and yif\n \u00feat i{n} sensible bodies as I haue seid oure corage nis nat\n ytau\u021dt or enp{re}ntid by passiou{n} to knowe \u00feise \u00feinges. 4884\n but demi\u00fe {and} knowe\u00fe of hys owen streng\u00fee \u00fee passiou{n}\n or suffrau{n}ce subiect to \u00fee body.\n\n [Sidenote: how much more shall those pure spiritual beings (as God\n or angels) discern things by an act of their understanding alone,\n without the aid of impressions from external objects?]\n\n Moche more \u00fean \u00feoo\n \u00feinges \u00feat ben absolut {and} quit fram alle talent\u021d or\n affecc{i}ou{n}s of bodies. as god or hys aungels ne folwen 4888\n nat in discernynge \u00feinges obiect from wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee.\n but \u00feei accomplissen {and} speden \u00fee dede of hir \u00feou\u021dt\n\n [Sidenote: For this reason, then, there are several sorts of\n knowing distributed among various beings.]\n\n by \u00feis resou{n}.\n \u00b6 \u00fean \u00feere comen many manere knowynges\n to dyu{er}se {and} differy{n}g substaunces.\n\n [Sidenote: For sense (or sensation) destitute of all other\n knowledge is allotted to those creatures that have no motion, as\n shell-fish.]\n\n for \u00fee wit 4892\n of \u00fee body \u00fee whiche witte is naked {and} despoyled of\n alle o\u00feer knowynges. \u00feilke witte come\u00fe to bestes \u00feat ne\n mowen nat moeuen hem self here ne \u00feere. as oystres\n {and} muscles {and} o\u00feer swiche shelle fysshe of \u00fee see. 4896\n \u00fe{a}t cliue{n} {and} ben norissed to roches.\n\n [Sidenote: But imagination is given to such brutes capable of\n motion, and having in some degree the power of desiring or\n refusing.]\n\n but \u00fee ymaginac{i}ou{n}\n come\u00fe to remuable bestes \u00feat seme{n} to han talent\n to fleen or to desiren any \u00feinge.\n\n [Sidenote: Reason, however, is the attribute of man alone, as\n Intelligence is that of God.]\n\n but resou{n} is al only to\n \u00fee lynage of mankynde ry\u021dt as i{n}telligence is oonly \u00fee 4900\n deuyne nature.\n\n [Sidenote: Hence His (i. e. God\u2019s) knowledge exceeds all other,\n comprehending both what belongs to His own nature, and what is\n comprehended by all inferior creatures.]\n\n of whiche it folwe\u00fe \u00feat \u00feilke knowyng\n is more wor\u00fee \u00fean [th]is[e] o\u00feer. syn it knowe\u00fe by hys\n p{ro}pre nature nat only hys subiect. as who sei\u00fe it ne [[pg 169]]\n knowe\u00fe nat al oonly \u00feat app{er}teini\u00fe p{ro}prely to hys 4904\n knowynge. but it knowe\u00fe \u00fee subgit\u021d of alle o\u00feer knowynges.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4873 [_yif_]--from C.\n 4878 [_or the_]--from C.\n _suffraunce_--MS. suffisau{n}ce, C. suffraunce\n 4879-80 [_goth----suffraunce_]--from C.\n 4883 _seid_--MS. seide, C. seyd\n 4887 _quit_--quite\n 4888 _hys_--hise\n 4889 _discernynge_--MS. discryuyng, C. discernynge\n _from_--fro\n 4893-94 _witte_--wit\n 4895 _mowen_--mowe\n _here ne \u00feere_--her {and} ther\n 4901 _whiche_--which\n 4902 _[th]is[e] o\u00feer_--thise oothr{e}]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE POWERS OF SENSE AND IMAGINATION.]\n\n [Sidenote: But how shall it be then, if sense and imagination\n oppose reason, affirming that the general idea of things, which\n reason thinks it so perfectly sees, is nothing?]\n\n but how shal it \u00fean be yif \u00feat wit {and} ymaginac{i}ou{n}\n stryuen a\u021deins resonynge {and} sein \u00feat of \u00feilke\n vniuersel \u00feinges. \u00feat resou{n} wene\u00fe to seen \u00feat it nis 4908\n ry\u021dt nau\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: For what falls under the cognisance of the senses and\n imagination cannot be general.]\n\n for wit {and} ymaginac{i}ou{n} seyn \u00feat \u00feat. \u00feat\n is sensible or ymaginable it ne may nat ben vniuersel.\n \u00fean is ei\u00feer \u00fee iugement of resou{n} [soth]. ne \u00feat\n \u00feer nis no \u00feinge sensible. or ellys for \u00feat resou{n} woot 4912\n wel \u00feat many \u00feinges ben subiect to wit {and} to ymaginac{i}ou{n}.\n \u00fean is \u00fee co{n}sepc{i}ou{n} of resou{n} veyn {and} fals\n whiche \u00feat looke\u00fe {and} co{m}p{re}hendi\u00fe. \u00feat \u00feat is\n sensible {and} synguler as uniuersele.\n\n [Sidenote: But if reason should answer to this--that in her idea\n of what is general she comprehends whatever is sensible and\n imaginable; but as to the senses and imagination, they cannot\n attain to the knowledge of what is general, since their knowledge\n is confined to material figures; and therefore in all real\n knowledge of things we must give the greatest credit to that\n faculty which has a more steadfast and perfect judgment of\n things.]\n\n and \u021dif \u00feat resou{n} 4916\n wolde answeren a\u021dein to \u00feise two \u00feat is to sein to wit\n {and} to ymaginac{i}ou{n}. {and} sein \u00feat so\u00feely she hir self.\n \u00feat is to seyn \u00feat resou{n} loke\u00fe {and} comp{re}hendi\u00fe by\n resou{n} of vniuersalite. bo\u00fee \u00feat \u00feat is sensible {and} \u00feat 4920\n \u00feat is ymaginable. {and} \u00feat \u00feilke two \u00feat is to seyn wit\n {and} ymaginac{i}ou{n} ne mowe{n} nat strecchen ne enhaunsen\n hem self to knowynge of vniuersalite for \u00feat\n \u00fee knowy{n}g of hem ne may exceden nor so{ur}mou{n}te{n} 4924\n \u00fee bodyly figure[s] \u00b6 Certys of \u00fee knowyng of \u00feinges\n men au\u021dten ra\u00feer \u021deue credence to \u00fee more stedfast {and}\n to \u00fee more p{er}fit iugement.\n\n [Sidenote: In a controversy of this kind ought not we, who possess\n faculties of reason, &c., to side with reason and espouse her\n cause?]\n\n In \u00feis manere stryuynge\n \u00fean we \u00feat han streng\u00fee of resonynge {and} of ymaginynge 4928\n {and} of wit \u00feat is to seyn by resou{n} {and} by ymaginac{i}ou{n}\n {and} by wit. [{and}] we sholde ra\u00feer p{re}ise \u00fee cause\n of resou{n}. as who sei\u00fe \u00fean \u00fee cause of wit or ymaginac{i}ou{n}.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4907 _a\u021deins_--ayein\n 4908 _vniuersel_--vniu{er}sels\n 4911 [_soth_]--from C.\n 4914 _fals whiche_--false which\n 4917 _wit_--witte\n 4918 _so\u00feely_--soothly\n 4923 _knowynge_--knowy\n 4926 _\u021deue_--yeuen\n _stedfast_--stidefast\n 4930 [_and_]--from C.\n 4931 _or_--{and} of]\n\n [Headnote:\n REASON SHOULD SUBMIT TO INTELLIGENCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: The case is entirely similar when human reason thinks\n the Divine Intelligence cannot behold future events in any other\n way than she herself is capable of perceiving them.]\n\n semblable \u00feinge is it \u00feat \u00fee resou{n} of mankynde 4932\n ne wene\u00fe nat \u00feat \u00fee deuyne intelligence byholde\u00fe or\n knowe\u00fe \u00feinges to comen. but ry\u021dt as \u00fee resou{n} of mankynde\n knowe\u00fe hem.\n\n [Sidenote: For thus you argue:--\n What things are not necessitated cannot be foreknown; therefore\n there is no prescience of these things, for, if there were,\n everything would be fixed by an absolute necessity.]\n\n for \u00feou arguist {and} seist \u00feus. \u00feat\n yif it ne seme nat to men \u00feat so{m}me \u00feinges han certeyne [[pg 170]]\n {and} necessarie bytidynges. \u00feei ne mowen nat ben wist 4937\n byforn certeynely to bytiden. \u00fea{n} nis [ther] no p{re}science\n of \u00feilke \u00feinges. {and} yif we trowen \u00feat p{re}science\n ben in \u00feise \u00feinges. \u00fean is \u00feer no \u00feinge \u00feat it ne 4940\n bitidi\u00fe by necessite.\n\n [Sidenote: If it were possible to enjoy the intelligence of the\n Deity, we should then deem it right that sense and imagination\n should yield to reason, and also judge it proper that human reason\n should submit to the Divine Intelligence.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 38 _b_.]]\n\n but certys yif we my\u021dte{n} han \u00fee\n iugeme{n}t of \u00fee deuyne \u00feou\u021dt as we *ben p{ar}son{er}s of\n resou{n}. ry\u021dt so as we han demed. it byhoue\u00fe \u00feat ymaginac{i}ou{n}\n {and} wit ben byne\u00fee resou{n}. ry\u021dt so wolde 4944\n we deme{n} \u00feat it were ry\u021dtful \u00feing \u00feat ma{n}s resou{n}\n au\u021dt[e] to su{m}mitten it self {and} to ben byne\u00fee \u00fee deuyne\n \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: Let us, therefore, strive to elevate ourselves to the\n height of the supreme intelligence--there shall reason see what\n she cannot discover in herself; and that is in what manner the\n prescience of God sees and defines all things; although they have\n no certain event; and she will see that this is no mere\n conjecture, but rather simple, supreme, and unlimited knowledge.]\n\n for whiche \u00feat yif we mowen. as who sei\u00fe.\n \u00feat yif \u00feat we mowe{n} I conseil[e] \u00feat we enhanse vs in 4948\n to \u00fee hey\u021dt of \u00feilke souereyne i{n}telligence. for \u00feere shal\n resou{n} wel seen \u00feat \u00feat it ne may nat by-holden in it\n self. and certys \u00feat is \u00feis in what manere \u00fee p{re}science\n of god see\u00fe alle \u00feinges c{er}teins {and} difinissed al \u00feou\u021d \u00feei 4952\n ne han no certein issues or by-tydynges. ne \u00feis is non\n oppiniou{n} but it is ra\u00feer \u00fee simplicite of \u00fee souereyn\n science \u00feat nis nat enclosed nor yshet wi\u00fei{n}ne no boundes.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4938 [_ther_]--from C.\n 4939 _trowen_--trowe\n 4942 _parsoners_--parsoneres\n 4945 _mans_--mannes\n 4946 _au\u021dt[e]_--owte\n 4947 _whiche_--which\n 4948 _\u00feat yif_--yif \u00fe{a}t\n 4949 _hey\u021dt_--heihte\n _\u00feere_--ther\n 4952 _\u00feou\u021d_--MS. \u00feou\u021dt\n 4955 _no_--none]\n\n\nQUAM UARIIS FIGURIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 5^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Various are the shapes of created beings. Some creep\n along the ground and trace the dust in furrows as they go;]\n\n ++\u00deE bestes passen by \u00fee er\u00fees by ful dyuerse figures 4956\n for so{m}me of hem han hir bodies strau\u021dt {and}\n crepe{n} in \u00fee dust {and} drawen after he{m} a t{ra}is or a\n forghe contynued. \u00feat is to sein as addres or snakes.\n\n [Sidenote: others with nimble wings float through the air;]\n\n and o\u00feer bestes by [the] wandryng ly\u021dtnesse of hir 4960\n wenges beten \u00fee wyndes {and} ouer-swymme{n} \u00fee spaces\n of \u00fee longe eyer by moist flee[y]nge.\n\n [Sidenote: some with their feet impress the ground, or tread\n lightly o\u2019er the meads, or seek the shady grove.]\n\n and o\u00feer bestes\n gladen hem to diggen her traas or her stappes i{n} \u00fee\n er\u00fee wi\u00fe hir goynge or wi\u00fe her feet. or to gone ey\u00fee[r] 4964\n by \u00fee grene feldes or [elles] to walken vnder \u00fee wodes.\n\n [Sidenote: Though we see an endless variety of forms, yet all are\n prone; to the earth they bend their looks, increasing the\n heaviness of their dull sense.]\n\n {and} al be it so \u00fe{a}t \u00feou seest \u00feat \u00feei\n alle discorden by [[pg 171]]\n dyuerse formes. algate hir{e} [faces] enclini[n]g heuie\u00fe hir{e}\n dulle wittes.\n\n [Sidenote: Man alone doth raise aloft his noble head; light and\n erect he spurns the earth.]\n\n Onlyche \u00fee lynage of man heue\u00fe heyest hys 4968\n hey\u021de heued {and} stonde\u00fe ly\u021dt wi\u00fe hys vpry\u021dt body {and}\n byholde\u00fe \u00fee er\u00fee vndir hym.\n\n [Sidenote: Thou art admonished by this figure then, unless by\n sense deceived, that whilst taught by thy lofty mien to look\n above, thou shouldst elevate thy mind lest it sink below its\n proper level.]\n\n [and] but-\u021dif \u00feou er\u00feely man\n wexest yuel oute of \u00fei witte. \u00feis figure amoneste\u00fe \u00fee \u00fe{a}t\n axest \u00fee heuene wi\u00fe \u00fei ry\u021dt[e] visage. {and} hast areised 4972\n \u00fei forhede to beren vp on heye \u00fei corage so \u00feat \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt\n ne be nat yheuied ne put lowe vndir foot. sen \u00feat \u00fei\n body is so heye areised.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4957 _somme_--som\n 4959 _forghe contynued_--forwh Ikonntynued\n _addres_--nadris\n 4960 [_the_]--from C.\n 4963 _hem_--hem self\n _stappes_--steppis\n 4964 _or to gone_--{and} to gon\n _ey\u00fee[r]_--eyther\n 4965 [_elles_]--from C.\n 4967 [_faces_]--from C.\n _algate_--algates\n _enclini[n]g_--enclynyd\n 4968 _Onlyche_--Oonly\n _heyest_--heyeste\n 4970 _er\u00fee_--erthes\n 4971 _oute_--owt\n _witte_--wit\n 4972 _ry\u021dt[e]_--ryhte\n _hast_--MS. ha\u00fee, C. hast\n 4973 _forhede_--foreheuyd\n _on heye_--a heygh\n 4974 _foot sen_--foote syn]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n DEFINITION OF ETERNITY.]\n\nPR{O}SA VLTI{M}A.\n\nQUONIA{M} IGITUR UTI PAULO ANTE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 6^te p{ro}se {and} the laste.]]\n\n [Sidenote: Since everything which is known is not, as I have\n shown, perceived by its own inherent properties, but by the\n faculties of those comprehending them, let us now examine the\n disposition of the Divine nature.]\n\n ++\u00deEr-fore \u00fean as I haue shewed a litel her byforne \u00feat 4976\n al \u00feinge \u00feat is ywist nis nat knowen by hys nature\n p{ro}pre. but by \u00fee nature of he{m} \u00feat comp{re}henden it.\n \u00b6 Lat vs loke now in as moche as it is leueful to vs. as\n who sei\u00fe lat vs loken now as we mowen whiche \u00fe{a}t \u00fee 4980\n estat is of \u00fee deuyne substaunce so \u00feat we mowen [ek]\n knowen what his science is.\n\n [Sidenote: All rational creatures agree in affirming that God is\n eternal.]\n\n \u00fee comune iugement of alle\n creatures resonables \u00fean is \u00feis \u00feat god is eterne. lat vs\n considere \u00fea{n} what is et{er}nite. For certys \u00feat shal 4984\n shewen vs to-gidre \u00fee deuyne nature {and} \u00fee deuyne\n science\n\n [Sidenote: And eternity is a full, total, and perfect possession\n of a life which shall never end. This will appear more clearly\n from a comparison with temporal things.]\n\n \u00b6 Eternite \u00fean is p{er}fit possessiou{n} {and} al\n togidre of lijf interminable {and} \u00feat shewe\u00fe more clerely\n by \u00fee co{m}parisou{n} or collac{i}ou{n} of temp{or}el \u00feinges. 4988\n\n [Sidenote: Temporal existence proceeds from the past to the\n present, and thence to the future.]\n\n for al \u00feing \u00feat lyue\u00fe in tyme it is p{re}sent {and} p{ro}cedi\u00fe fro\n preterit\u021d in to fut{ur}es. \u00feat is to sein. fro tyme passed\n in to tyme comynge.\n\n [Sidenote: And there is nothing under the law of time, which can\n at once comprehend the whole space of its existence.]\n\n ne \u00feer nis no \u00feing establissed i{n}\n tyme \u00feat may enbracen to-gidre al \u00fee space of hys lijf. 4992\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4977 _al \u00feinge_--alle thinges\n 4979 _moche_--mochel\n 4980 _loken_--loke\n _whiche_--which\n 4981 [_ek_]--from C.\n 4987 _clerely_--cleerly\n 4989 _al_--alle]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE WORLD IS NOT ETERNAL.]\n\n [Sidenote: Having lost _yesterday_ it does not as yet enjoy\n _to-morrow_; and as for _to-day_ it consists only in the present\n transitory moment.]\n\n for certys \u021dit ne ha\u00fe it nat taken \u00fee tyme of \u00fee morwe.\n {and} it ha\u00fe lost \u00feat of \u021dister-day. and certys in \u00fee lijf\n of \u00feis day \u021de ne lyuen no more but ry\u021dt\n as in \u00feis moeueable [[pg 172]]\n {and} t{ra}nsitorie moment.\n\n [Sidenote: Whatever, therefore, is subjected to a temporal\n condition, as Aristotle thought of the world, may be without\n beginning and without end; and although its duration may extend to\n an infinity of time, yet it cannot rightly be called eternal: for\n it doth not comprehend at once the whole extent of its infinite\n duration, having no knowledge of things future which are not yet\n arrived.]\n\n \u00fean \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00feat suffri\u00fe 4996\n temp{or}el condic{i}ou{n}. a[l]\u00feough{e} \u00feat [it] bygan neuer\n to be. ne \u00feough{e} it neu{er}e cese forto be. as aristotle\n demde of \u00fee worlde. and al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat \u00fee lif of it be\n strecchid wi\u00fe infinite of tyme.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 39.]]\n\n \u021dit al*gates nis it no 5000\n swiche \u00feing \u00feat men my\u021dten trowen by ry\u021dt \u00feat it is\n eterne. for al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat it comp{re}hende {and} embrace \u00fee\n space of life infinite. \u021dit algates ne [em]brace\u00fe it nat \u00fee\n space of \u00fee lif alto-gidre. for it ne ha\u00fe nat \u00fee fut{ur}es 5004\n \u00feat ne ben nat \u021dit. ne it ne ha\u00fe no lenger \u00fee p{re}t{er}it\u021d\n \u00feat ben ydon or ypassed.\n\n [Sidenote: For what is eternal must be always present to itself\n and master of itself, and have always with it the infinite\n succession of time.]\n\n but \u00feilke \u00feing \u00fean \u00feat ha\u00fe\n {and} co{m}prehendi\u00fe to-gidre alle \u00fee plente of \u00fee lif i{n}terminable.\n to whom \u00feere ne faili\u00fe nat of \u00fee fut{ur}e. 5008\n {and} to whom \u00feer nis nat of \u00fee p{re}t{er}it escapid nor\n ypassed. \u00feilk[e] same is ywitnessed or yproued by ry\u021dt\n to ben eterne. and it byhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat \u00feilke\n \u00feinge be alwey p{re}sent to hym self {and} co{m}potent. as 5012\n who sei\u00fe alwey p{re}sent to hym self {and} so my\u021dty \u00feat al\n by ry\u021dt at hys plesaunce. {and} \u00fe{a}t he haue al p{re}sent\n \u00fee infinit of \u00fee moeuable tyme.\n\n [Sidenote: Therefore some philosophers, who had heard that Plato\n believed that this world had neither beginning nor end, falsely\n concluded, that the created universe was coeternal with its\n Creator.]\n\n wherfore som men\n trowe{n} wrongefully \u00feat whan \u00feei heren \u00feat it semid[e] 5016\n to plato \u00feat \u00feis worlde ne had[de] neuer bygynnynge\n of tyme. ne \u00feat it neu{er}e shal haue faylynge. \u00feei wenen\n i{n} \u00feis man{er}e \u00feat \u00feis worlde ben maked coet{er}ne wi\u00fe\n his makere. as who sei\u00fe. \u00feei wenen \u00feat \u00feis worlde {and} 5020\n god ben maked to-gidre eterne. and it is a wrongful\n wenynge.\n\n [Sidenote: But it is one thing to be conducted through a life of\n infinite duration, which was Plato\u2019s opinion of the world, and\n another thing to comprehend at once the whole extent of this\n duration as present which, it is manifest, can only belong to the\n Divine mind.]\n\n for o\u00feer \u00feing is it to ben yladd by lif interminable\n as plato graunted[e] to \u00fee worlde. {and} o\u00feer\n \u00feing is it to embracen to-gidre alle \u00fee p{re}sence to \u00fee lif 5024\n interminable. \u00fee whiche \u00feing it is clere {and} manifest\n \u00feat it is p{ro}pre to \u00fee deuine \u00feou\u021dt. [[pg 173]]\n\n [Sidenote: Nor ought it to seem to us that God is prior to and\n more ancient than his creatures by the space of time, but rather\n by the simple and undivided properties of his nature.]\n\n ne it ne sholde nat\n semen to vs \u00feat god is elder \u00fean \u00feinges \u00feat ben ymaked\n by quantite of tyme. but ra\u00feer by \u00fee p{ro}prete of hys 5028\n symple nature.\n\n [Sidenote: The infinite progression of temporal things imitates\n the ever-present condition of an immovable life:]\n\n for \u00feis ilke infinit[e] moeuyng of temp{or}el\n \u00feinges folwi\u00fe \u00feis p{re}sentarie estat of \u00fee lijf i{n}moeueable.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 4993-4 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 4993 _\u00fee_ (2)--to\n 4994 _\u00feat_--the tyme\n 4997 _a[l]\u00feoughe_--al-thogh\n [_it_]--from C.\n 4999 _worlde_--world\n 5001 _swiche_--swych\n 5002 _eterne_--from C., MS. eternite\n 5003 _life_--lyf\n 5004-5-6 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 5006 _ydon_--MS. ydone, C. I-doon\n 5007 _alle_--al\n 5008-9 _nat_--nawht\n 5010 _\u00feilk[e]_--thilke\n _or_--{and}\n 5014 _by_--be\n 5016 _semid[e]_--semede\n 5017 _worlde_--world\n _had[de]_--hadde\n 5018 _haue_--han\n 5019-20 _worlde_--world\n 5022 _yladd_--MS. yladde, C. I-lad\n 5023 _worlde_--world\n 5024 _embracen_--enbrace\n _alle_--al\n _presence to_--p{re}sent of\n 5025 _clere_--cleer]\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD IS ETERNAL.]\n\n [Sidenote: and since it cannot copy nor equal it from an immovable\n and simply present state, it passes into motion and into an\n infinite measure of past and future time.]\n\n {and} so as it ne may nat contrefeten it ne feyne{n}\n it ne ben euene lyke to it. for \u00fee inmoeueablete. \u00feat is 5032\n to seyn \u00feat is i{n} \u00fee eternite of god. \u00b6 it faile\u00fe {and}\n falle\u00fe in to moeuynge fro \u00fee simplicite of [the] p{re}sence\n of god. {and} disencresi\u00fe to \u00fee infinite quantite of\n fut{ur}e {and} of p{re}terit.\n\n [Sidenote: But since it cannot possess at once the whole extent of\n its duration, yet, as it never ceases wholly to be, it faintly\n emulates _that_ whose perfection it can neither attain nor\n express, by attaching itself to the present fleeting moment,\n which, because it resembles the durable present time, imparts to\n those things that partake of it an appearance of existence.]\n\n {and} so as it ne may nat han togidre 5036\n al \u00fee plente of \u00fee lif. algates \u021ditte for as moche as\n it ne cesi\u00fe neuere forto ben in som manere it seme\u00fe\n somde[l] to vs \u00feat it folwi\u00fe {and} resembli\u00fe \u00feilke \u00feing\n \u00fe{a}t it ne may nat attayne to. ne fulfille. {and} bynde\u00fe it 5040\n self to som manere p{re}sence of \u00feis litel {and} swifte\n moment. \u00fee whiche p{re}sence of \u00feis lytele {and} swifte\n moment. for \u00feat it bere\u00fe a manere ymage or lykenesse\n of \u00fee ay dwellynge p{re}sence of god. it graunte\u00fe to 5044\n swiche manere \u00feinges as it bitidi\u00fe to \u00feat it seme\u00fe hem\n \u00feat \u00feise \u00feinges han ben {and} ben\n\n [Sidenote: But as it cannot stop or abide it pursues its course\n through infinite time, and by gliding along it continues its\n duration, the plenitude of which it could not comprehend, by\n abiding in a permanent state.]\n\n {and} for [\u00fe{a}t] \u00fee p{re}sence\n of swiche litel moment ne may nat dwelle \u00feer-for\n [it] rauyssid[e] {and} took \u00fee infinit[e] wey of tyme. \u00feat 5048\n is to seyn by successiou{n}. {and} by \u00feis man{er}e it is ydon.\n for \u00feat it sholde continue \u00fee lif in goynge of \u00fee whiche\n lif it ne my\u021dt[e] nat embrace \u00fee plente in dwellynge.\n\n [Sidenote: If we would follow Plato in giving things their right\n names, let us say that God is _eternal_ and the world\n _perpetual_.]\n\n {and} for \u00fei yif we willen putte wor\u00fei name[s] to \u00feinges 5052\n {and} folwen plato. lat vs seyn \u00fea{n} so\u00feely \u00feat god is\n et{er}ne. {and} \u00feat \u00fee worlde is p{er}petuel.\n\n [Sidenote: His knowledge, surpassing the progression of time, is\n ever present, containing the infinite space of past and future\n times, and embraces in his clear insight all things, as if they\n were now transacting.]\n\n \u00fean syn \u00feat\n euery iugeme{n}t knowe\u00fe {and} comp{re}hendi\u00fe by hys owen\n nature \u00feinges \u00feat ben subiect vnto hym. \u00feere is so\u00feely 5056\n al-wey to god an et{er}ne {and} p{re}sentarie estat. {and} \u00fee\n science of hym \u00feat ouer-passe\u00fe alle\n temp{or}el moe[ue]m{en}t [[pg 174]]\n dwelli\u00fe in \u00fee symplicite of hys p{re}sence {and} embrace\u00fe\n {and} considere\u00fe alle \u00fee infinit spaces of tymes 5060\n p{re}terit\u021d {and} fut{ur}es {and} loke\u00fe in \u00feis symple knowynge\n alle \u00feinges of p{re}t{er}it ry\u021dt as \u00feei weren ydoon p{re}sently\n ry\u021dt now\n\n [Sidenote: Prescience is, then, a foreknowledge, not of what is to\n come, but of the present and _never-failing now_ (in which God\n sees all things as if immovably present).]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 39 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 yif \u00feou wolt \u00fean \u00feenke {and} avise{n} \u00fee\n p{re}science by whiche it knowe\u00fe al[le] \u00fei{n}ges *\u00feou ne 5064\n shalt nat demen it as p{re}science of \u00feinges to comen.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 5032 _lyke_--lyk\n 5034 [_the_]--from C.\n 5039 _somde[l]_--somdel\n 5040 _fulfille_--fullfyllen\n 5041 _litel_--from C., MS. lykly\n 5042 _whiche_--which\n _lytele_--from C., MS. lykly\n 5046 _ben_ (1)--yben\n [_\u00feat_]--from C.\n 5047 _swiche_--swych\n 5048 [_it_]--from C.\n 5051 _my\u021dt[e]_--myhte\n 5052 _willen putte_--wollen putten\n _name[s]_--names\n 5053 _so\u00feely_--sothly\n 5054 _worlde_--world\n 5055 _owen_--owne\n 5056 _so\u00feely_--sothly\n 5057 _al-wey_--al-weys\n 5058 _alle_--al\n _moe[ue]ment_--moeueme{n}t\n 5063 _\u00feenke_--thinken\n _avisen_--auyse\n 5064 _whiche_--which\n _al[le]_--alle]\n\n [Headnote:\n DEFINITION OF PRESCIENCE.]\n\n but \u00feou shalt deme{n} [it] more ry\u021dtfully \u00feat it is science\n of presence or of instaunce \u00feat neuer ne fayle\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: Therefore _foreknowledge_ is not so applicable a term\n as _providence_--for God looks down upon all things from the\n summit of the universe.]\n\n for whiche it nis nat ycleped p{ro}uidence but it sholde ra\u00feer 5068\n be cleped purueaunce \u00feat is establissed ful fer fro ry\u021dt\n lowe \u00feinges. {and} byholde\u00fe from a-fer alle \u00feinges ry\u021dt as\n it were fro \u00fee heye hey\u021dte of \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Do you think that God imposes a necessity on things by\n beholding them? It is not so in human affairs.]\n\n whi axest \u00feou \u00fean\n or why disputest \u00feou \u00fean \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinges ben don by 5072\n necessite whiche \u00feat ben yseyen {and} yknowen by \u00fee\n deuyne sy\u021dt. syn \u00feat for so\u00fee men ne maken nat \u00feilke\n \u00fei{n}ges necessarie. whiche \u00feat \u00fee[i] seen be ydoon in\n hir{e} sy\u021dt.\n\n [Sidenote: Does your view of an action lay any necessity upon it?]\n\n for addi\u00fe \u00fei byholdynge any necessite to \u00feilke 5076\n \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feou byholdest p{re}sent.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ No.]\n\n \u00b6 Nay q{uo}d I.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ By parity of reason it is clear that whilst you\n see only some things in a limited instant, God sees all things in\n his ever-present time.]\n\n _p._ Certys \u00fean yif men my\u021dte maken any digne comparisou{n}\n or collac{i}ou{n} of \u00fee p{re}sence diuine. {and} of \u00fee p{re}\n of mankynde. ry\u021dt so as \u021de seen so{m}me \u00feinges in \u00feis 5080\n temp{or}el presente. ry\u021dt so see\u00fe god alle \u00feinges by hys\n eterne p{re}sent.\n\n [Sidenote: His Divine prescience therefore does not change the\n nature of things--but only beholds those things as present to him\n which shall in time be produced.]\n\n \u00b6 wherfore \u00feis dyuyne p{re}science ne\n chaunge\u00fe nat \u00fee nature ne \u00fee p{ro}prete of \u00feinges but\n byholde\u00fe swyche \u00feinges present to hym ward. as \u00feei 5084\n shollen bytiden to \u021dow ward in tyme to come.\n\n [Sidenote: Nor does he judge confusedly of them, but knows at one\n view what will necessarily and what will not necessarily happen.]\n\n ne it ne\n co{n}founde\u00fe nat \u00fee Iugement\u021d of \u00feinges but by of sy\u021dt\n of hys \u00feou\u021dt he knowe\u00fe \u00fee \u00feinges to comen as wel\n necessarie as nat necessarie. ry\u021dt so as whan \u021de seen togidre 5088\n a man walke on \u00fee er\u00fee {and} \u00fee sonne arysen in\n [the] heuene. al be it so \u00feat \u021de seen {and} byholde{n} \u00feat\n oon {and} \u00feat o\u00feer to-gidre. \u021dit na\u00feeles \u021de demen {and} [[pg 175]]\n discerne \u00feat \u00feat oon is uolu{n}tarie\n {and} \u00feat o\u00feer is necessarie. 5092\n\n [Linenotes:\n 5066 _shalt_--shal\n [_it_]--from C.\n 5068 _whiche_--which\n 5074-76 _sy\u021dt_--syhte\n 5075 _whiche_--which\n _\u00fee[i]_--they\n 5085 _come_--comyn\n 5086 _of sy\u021dt_--O syhte\n 5087 _he knowe\u00fe_--MS. repeats\n 5090 [_the_]--from C.\n 5092 _discerne_--discernen]\n\n [Headnote:\n THE NATURE OF DIVINE PRESCIENCE.]\n\n [Sidenote: The eye of God, seeing all things, doth not alter the\n properties of things, for everything is present to him, though its\n temporal event is future.]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt so \u00fean [the] deuyne lokynge byholdynge\n alle \u00fei{n}ges vndir hym ne trouble\u00fe nat \u00fee qualite of\n \u00feinges \u00feat ben certeynely p{re}sent to hy{m} ward. but as\n to \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} of tyme for so\u00fee \u00feei ben fut{ur}e. 5096\n\n [Sidenote: When God knows that anything is to be, he knows at the\n same time that it is not under the necessity of being--but this is\n not conjecture, but certain knowledge founded upon truth.]\n\n for whiche it folwi\u00fe \u00feat \u00feis nis non oppiniou{n}. but ra\u00feer a\n stedfast knowyng ystrenge\u00feed by so\u00feenes. \u00feat whan\n \u00feat god knowe\u00fe any \u00feinge to be he ne vnwoot nat \u00feat\n \u00feilke \u00feinge wante\u00fe necessite to be. \u00feis is to seyn \u00feat 5100\n whan \u00feat god knowe\u00fe any \u00feinge to bitide. he woot wel\n \u00feat it ne ha\u00fe no necessite to bitide.\n\n [Sidenote: If you insist that _what God foresees shall and must\n happen; and that which cannot do otherwise than happen, must needs\n happen_, and so bind me to admit a necessity, I must confess that\n things are under such a restraint; but it is a truth that we\n scarce can comprehend, unless we be acquainted with the Divine\n counsels.]\n\n {and} yif \u00fe{o}u seist\n here \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00feat god see\u00fe to bytide it ne may\n nat vnbytide. as who sei\u00fe it mot bitide. \u00b6 and \u00feilke 5104\n \u00feinge \u00feat \u00feat ne may nat vnbytide it mot bitide by\n necessite. and \u00feat \u00feou streine me to \u00feis name of necessite.\n certys I wol wel confessen {and} byknowe a \u00feinge of\n ful sadde trou\u00fee. but vnne\u00fe shal \u00feere any wy\u021dt [mowe] 5108\n seen it or comen \u00feer-to. but yif \u00feat he be byholder of \u00fee\n deuyne \u00feou\u021dte.\n\n [Sidenote: For I will answer you thus. That the thing which is to\n happen in relation to the Divine knowledge is necessary; but,\n considered in its own nature, seems free and absolute.]\n\n \u00b6 for I wol answer{e} \u00fee \u00feus. \u00feat \u00feilke\n \u00feinge \u00feat is future whan it is referred to \u00fee deuyne 5111\n knowy{n}g \u00fean is it necessarie. but certys whan it is vndirstonden\n in hys owen kynde me{n} sen it [is] vtterly fre\n {and} absolut from alle necessite.\n\n [Sidenote: There are two kinds of necessity--one simple; as men\n must necessarily die--the other is conditional, as if you know a\n man walks he must necessarily walk--for that which is known cannot\n be otherwise than what it is apprehended to be.]\n\n for certys \u00feer ben two\n maneres of necessites. \u00feat oon necessite is symple as\n \u00feus. \u00feat it byhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat alle men be mortal 5116\n or dedely. an o\u00fe{er} necessite is condicionel as \u00feus. yif\n \u00feou wost \u00feat a man walki\u00fe. it byhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat\n he walke. \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00fean \u00feat any wy\u021dt ha\u00fe yknowe to\n be. it ne may ben non o\u00feer weyes \u00fean he knowe\u00fe it to be. 5120\n\n [Linenotes:\n 5093 [_the_]--from C.\n 5097 _whiche_--which\n 5098 _stedfast_--stidefast\n _so\u00feenes_--sothnesse\n 5102 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 5104 _bitide_--bide\n 5108 _sadde_--sad\n _vnne\u00fe_--vnnethe\n [_mowe_]--from C.\n 5109 _comen_--come\n 5110 _\u00feou\u021dte_--thoght\n _answere_--answeren\n 5113 _sen_--MS. sene, C. sen\n [_is_]--from C.\n 5117 _dedely_--dedly\n 5119 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n [Headnote:\n PRESCIENCE AND NECESSITY.]\n\n [Sidenote: But this condition does not infer the absolute\n necessity, for the nature of the thing itself does not here\n constitute the necessity, but the necessity arises from the\n conjunction of the condition.]\n\n \u00b6 but \u00feis condicioun ne drawe\u00fe nat wi\u00fe hir \u00feilke\n necessite symple. For certys \u00feis necessite condicionel.\n \u00fee p{ro}pre nature of it ne make\u00fe it nau\u021dt.\n but \u00fee adiecc{i}ou{n} [[pg 176]]\n of \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} maki\u00fe it.\n\n [Sidenote: No necessity compels a man to walk who does so\n willingly, but it must be necessary that he walk when he does step\n forward.]\n\n for no necessite ne constreyne\u00fe 5124\n a man to [gon / \u00fe{a}t] goo\u00fe by his p{ro}pre wille. al be it\n so \u00feat whan he goo\u00fe \u00feat it is necessarie \u00feat he goo\u00fe.\n\n [Sidenote: So everything that is present to the eye of Providence\n must assuredly be, although there is nothing in its own nature to\n constitute that necessity.]\n\n \u00b6 Ry\u021dt on \u00feis same manere \u00fean. yif \u00feat \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce\n of god see\u00fe any \u00feing p{re}sent.\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 40.]]\n\n \u00fean mot \u00feilke *\u00feinge be 5128\n by necessite. al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat it ne haue no necessite of hys\n owen nature.\n\n [Sidenote: Since God beholds all future events proceeding from\n free-will as actually present--these events in relation to Divine\n sight are necessary--yet in relation to themselves they are\n absolutely free.]\n\n but certys \u00fee fut{ur}es \u00feat bytyden by fredom\n of arbitre god see\u00fe hem alle to-gidre p{re}sent\u021d. \u00feise\n \u00feinges \u00fean [yif] \u00feei ben referred to \u00fee deuyne sy\u021dt. 5132\n \u00fean ben \u00feei maked necessarie to \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} of \u00fee\n deuyne knowynge. but certys yif \u00feilke \u00feinges ben considred\n by hem self \u00feei ben absolut of necessite. {and} ne\n forleten nat ne cesen nat of \u00fee liberte of hire owe{n} 5136\n natur{e}.\n\n [Sidenote: All things which God foresees shall surely come to\n pass; but some of these things proceed from free-will, which\n although they happen,]\n\n \u00fean certys wi\u00fe outen doute alle \u00fee \u00feing{us}\n shollen be doon whiche \u00feat god woot by-forn \u00feat \u00feei\n ben to comen. but so{m}me of hem comen {and} bitiden of\n [free] arbitre or of fre wille. \u00feat al be it so \u00feat \u00feei bytiden. 5140\n\n [Linenotes:\n 5121 _condicioun_--from C., MS. _necessite_\n 5123 _nau\u021dt_--nat\n 5125 [_gon \u00feat_]--from C.\n _wille_--wil\n 5128 _mot_--MS. mote, C. mot\n 5131 _present\u021d_--p{re}sent\n 5132 [_yif_]--from C.\n _sy\u021dt_--syhte\n 5137 _wi\u00fe outen_--w{i}t{h}-owte\n 5138 _whiche_--which\n 5139 _somme_--som\n 5140 [_free_]--from C.]\n\n [Headnote:\n PROVIDENCE AND HUMAN INTENTIONS.]\n\n [Sidenote: yet do not thereby change their nature, as before they\n happened they had it in their power not to happen.]\n\n \u021dit algates ne lese \u00feei nat hire p{ro}pre nature ne\n beynge. by \u00fee whiche first or \u00feat \u00feei were doon \u00feei\n hadden power nat to han bitidd.\n\n [Sidenote: But it is a thing of no moment then, whether things are\n necessary in their own nature or not, since by the condition of\n the Divine knowledge they fell out as if they were necessitated.]\n\n _Boece._ what is \u00feis\n to seyn \u00fea{n} q{uo}d I. \u00feat \u00feinges ne ben nat necessarie by 5144\n hire p{ro}pre nature. so as \u00feei comen in alle maneres in\n \u00fee lykenesse of necessite by \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} of \u00fee deuyne\n science.\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ The difference is explained in the instances\n lately given you, of the man walking, &c.]\n\n {Ph}ilosoph{ie}. \u00feis is \u00fee difference q{uo}d she. \u00feat\n \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat I p{ur}posed[e] \u00fee a litel here byforn. \u00feat 5148\n is to seyn \u00fee sonne arysynge {and} \u00fee man walkynge \u00feat\n \u00feerwhiles \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinges ben ydon. \u00feei ne my\u021dten nat\n ben vndon.\n\n [Sidenote: The event of the former was necessary before it befell,\n whereas that of the latter was altogether free.]\n\n na\u00feeles \u00feat oon of hem or it was ydon it\n byhoued[e] by necessite \u00feat it was ydon. but nat \u00feat 5152\n o\u00fe{er}. ry\u021dt so it is here \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat god ha\u00fe p{re}sent.\n wi\u00fe outen doute \u00feei shulle ben.\n but so{m}me of hem descendi\u00fe [[pg 177]]\n of \u00fee nature of \u00feinges as \u00fee sonne arysynge.\n {and} so{m}me descendi\u00fe of \u00fee power of \u00fee doers as \u00fee man 5156\n walkynge.\n\n [Sidenote: _B._ Then I did not go from the truth when I said that\n some things referred to the Divine knowledge are necessary, while\n considered in themselves they are not under the bond of\n necessity.]\n\n \u00b6 \u00fean seide I. no wronge \u00feat yif \u00feat \u00feise\n \u00feinges ben referred to \u00fee deuyne knowynge \u00fean ben \u00feei\n necessarie. {and} yif \u00feei ben considered by he{m} selfe \u00fean\n ben \u00feei absolut from \u00fee bonde of necessite.\n\n [Sidenote: In the same way everything that is an object of sense\n is _general_ when considered in relation to reason--but particular\n when considered by itself.]\n\n ry\u021dt so [as] 5160\n alle \u00feinges \u00feat appiere\u00fe or shewe\u00fe to \u00fee wittes yif \u00feou\n referre it to resou{n} it is vniuersel. {and} yif \u00feou referre\n it or look[e] it to it self. \u00fean is it sy{n}guler.\n\n [Sidenote: But you may say--If I am able to change my purpose I\n can deceive providence by changing that which she hath foreseen I\n would do.]\n\n but now\n yif \u00feou seist \u00feus \u00fe{a}t yif it be in my power to chaunge 5164\n my p{ur}pose. \u00fean shal I voide \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce of god.\n whan \u00feat p{er}auenture I shal han chau{n}ged \u00feo \u00feinges\n \u00feat he knowe\u00fe byforn. \u00fean shal I answere \u00fee \u00feus\n\n [Linenotes:\n 5141 _ne_ (2)--C. in\n 5142 _whiche_--which\n _were doon_--weeryn Idoon\n 5143 _bitidd_--MS. bitidde, C. bityd\n 5148 _purposed[e]_--p{ur}posede\n 5150 _ydon_--MS. ydone, C. I-doon\n _my\u021dten_--myhte\n 5151 _vndon_--MS. vndone, C. vndoon\n 5151-2 _ydon_--MS. ydone, C. I-doon\n 5152 _byhoued[e]_--houyd\n 5153 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee\n 5154 _wi\u00fe outen_--with-owte\n _shulle_--shollen\n 5156 _doers_--doeres\n 5157 _wronge_--wrong\n 5159 _selfe_--self\n 5160 _from_--fro\n _bonde_--bond\n [_as_]--from C.\n 5163 _look[e]_--loke\n 5166 _\u00feo_--the]\n\n [Headnote:\n GOD\u2019S KNOWLEDGE FIXED AND UNCHANGED.]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ You may perhaps alter your purpose--but as\n providence takes note of your intentions, you cannot deceive her;\n for you cannot escape the divine prescience though you have the\n power, through a free-will, to vary and diversify your actions.]\n\n \u00b6 Certys \u00feou maist wel chaungen \u00fei p{ur}pos but for as 5168\n mochel as \u00fee p{re}sent so\u00feenesse of \u00fee deuyne p{ur}ueaunce\n byholde\u00fe \u00feat \u00feou mayst chau{n}ge{n} \u00fei p{ur}pose. {and}\n whe\u00feir \u00feou wolt chaunge it or no. {and} whider-ward\n \u00feat \u00feou tourne it. \u00fe{o}u maist nat eschewen \u00fee deuyne 5172\n p{re}science ry\u021dt as \u00feou ne mayst nat fleen \u00fee sy\u021dt of \u00fee\n p{re}sent eye. al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat \u00feou tourne \u00fei self by \u00fei fre\n wille in to dyu{er}se acc{i}ou{n}.\n\n [Sidenote: But you may say--Shall the divine knowledge be changed\n according to the mutability of my disposition, and the\n apprehensions of the Deity fluctuated with my changing purposes?]\n\n \u00b6 But \u00feou mayst seyn\n a\u021deyne how shal it \u00fean be. shal nat \u00fee dyuyne science 5176\n ben chaunged by my disposic{i}ou{n} whan \u00feat I wol o\n \u00feing now {and} now an o\u00feer. {and} \u00feilke p{re}science ne\n seme\u00fe it nat to enterchau{n}ge stoundes of knowynges.\n as who sei\u00fe. ne shal it nat seme to vs \u00feat \u00fee deuyne 5180\n p{re}science enterchaunge\u00fe hys dyuers stoundes of knowynge.\n so \u00feat it knowe so{m}me tyme o \u00feing {and} so{m}me tyme\n \u00fee contrarie.\n\n [Sidenote: No, indeed! The view of the Deity foreruns every future\n event, and brings it back into the presence of his own knowledge,\n which does not vary, as you imagine, to conform to your caprices,\n but remaining fixed, at once foresees and comprehends all your\n changes.]\n\n \u00b6 No for so\u00fee. [q{uod} I] for \u00fee deuyne sy\u021dt\n renne\u00fe to-forne {and} see\u00fe alle fut{ur}es {and} clepe\u00fe hem a\u021dein 5184\n {and} reto{ur}ni\u00fe hem to \u00fee p{re}sence of\n hys p{ro}pre knowynge. [[pg 178]]\n ne he ne entrechaunge\u00fe nat [so] as \u00feou wenest \u00fee\n stoundes of forknowyng [as] now \u00feis now \u00feat. but he\n ay dwellynge comi\u00fe byforn {and} enbrace\u00fe at o strook 5188\n alle \u00fei mutac{i}ou{n}s.\n\n [Sidenote: This faculty of comprehending and seeing all things as\n present, God does not receive from the issue of futurities, but\n from the simplicity of his own nature.]\n\n and \u00feis p{re}sence to co{m}p{re}henden\n {and} to sen alle \u00feinges. god ne ha\u00fe nat take{n} it of \u00fee\n bitydynge of \u00feinges forto come. but of hys p{ro}pre symplicite.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 5169 _so\u00feenesse_--sothnesse\n 5170 _chaungen_--chaunge\n 5173 _sy\u021dt_--syhte\n 5175 _wille_--wyl\n 5177 _wol_--wole\n 5179 _enterchaunge_--MS. enterchau{n}gyng, C. entrechau{n}ge\n 5181 _hys_--hise\n 5182 _somme_ (1)--su{m}\n _somme_ (2)--som\n 5183 _sy\u021dt_--syhte\n 5184 _to-forne_--to-forn\n 5186 [_so_]--from C.\n 5187 [_as_]--from C.\n 5188 _comi\u00fe_--comth\n 5190 _ha\u00fe_--MS. ha\u00fee]\n\n [Headnote:\n AN ANSWER TO FORMER OBJECTIONS.]\n\n [Sidenote: Here, then, is an answer to your former objection--that\n it is folly to think that our future actions and events are the\n causes of the prescience of God.]\n\n \u00b6 and her by is assoiled \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat \u00feou 5192\n puttest a litel her byforne. \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat it is vnwor\u00fei\n \u00feinge to seyn \u00feat oure futures \u021deuen cause of \u00fee\n science of god\n\n [Sidenote: For the Divine mind, embracing and comprehending all\n things by a present knowledge, plans and directs all things and is\n not dependent upon futurity.]\n\n [Sidenote: [* fol. 41 _b_.]]\n\n \u00b6 For c{er}tys *\u00feis streng\u00fee of \u00fee deuyne\n science whiche \u00feat enbrace\u00fe alle \u00feinge by his p{re}sentarie 5196\n knowynge establisse\u00fe manere to alle \u00fei{n}g{us} {and} it\n ne awi\u00fe nat to lattere \u00feinges.\n\n [Sidenote: Since no necessity is imposed upon things by the Divine\n prescience, there remains to men an inviolable freedom of will.]\n\n {and} syn \u00feat \u00feise \u00feinges\n ben \u00feus. \u00feat is to seyn syn \u00feat necessite nis nat in\n \u00feinges by \u00fee deuyne p{re}science. \u00fean is \u00feer fredom of 5200\n arbitre. \u00feat dwelle\u00fe hool {and} vnwemmed to mortal men.\n\n [Sidenote: And those laws are just which assign rewards and\n punishments to men possessing free-will.]\n\n ne \u00fee lawes ne p{ur}pose nat wikkedly meedes {and} peynes\n to \u00fee willynges of men \u00feat ben vnbounde {and} quit of\n alle necessite.\n\n [Sidenote: Moreover, God, who sits on high, foreknows all things,\n and the eternal presence of his knowledge concurs with the future\n quality of our actions, dispensing rewards to good and punishments\n to evil men.]\n\n \u00b6 And god byholder {and} forwiter of 5204\n alle \u00feinges dwelli\u00fe aboue {and} \u00fee p{re}sent eternite of hys\n sy\u021dt renne\u00fe alwey wi\u00fe \u00fee dyuerse qualite of oure dedes\n dispe{n}syng {and} ordeynynge medes to good[e] men. {and}\n tourment\u021d to wicked men.\n\n [Sidenote: Nor are our hopes and prayers reposed in, and addressed\n to God in vain, which when they are sincere cannot be\n inefficacious nor unsuccessful.]\n\n ne in ydel ne i{n} veyn ne ben 5208\n \u00feer nat put in god hope {and} p{ra}yeres. \u00feat ne mowen\n nat ben vnspedful ne wi\u00fe oute effect whan \u00feei ben ry\u021dtful\n\n [Sidenote: Resist and turn from vice--honour and love virtue,\n exalt your mind to God (the truest hope), offer up your prayers\n with humility.]\n\n \u00b6 wi\u00festond \u00fean {and} eschewe \u00feou vices. worshippe\n {and} loue \u00feou vertus. areise \u00fei corage to ry\u021dtful hoopes. 5212\n \u021delde \u00feou humble p{re}iers an hey\u021de.\n\n [Sidenote: If you are sincere you will feel that you are under an\n obligation to lead a good and virtuous life, inasmuch as all your\n actions and works are done in the presence of an all-discerning\n Judge.]\n\n grete necessite of\n prowesse {and} vertue is encharged {and} comaunded to\n \u021dow yif \u021de nil nat dissimulen. \u00b6 Syn \u00feat \u021de worchen\n {and} doon. \u00feat is to seyn \u021doure dedes {and} \u021doure workes 5216\n by-fore \u00fee eyen of \u00fee Iuge \u00feat see\u00fe {and} deme\u00fe alle [[pg 179]]\n \u00feinges. [To whom be goye {and} worshipe bi Infynyt\n tymes / AMEN.]\n\n EXPLICIT LIBER QUINTUS. {ET} VLTIM{US}.\n\n [Linenotes:\n 5193 _seyne_--seyn\n 5196 _whiche_--which\n 5198 _awi\u00fe_--oweth\n 5199 _\u00feat is to----prescience_--omitted\n 5203 _vnbounde_--vnbownden\n _quit_--quite\n 5206 _sy\u021dt_--sihte\n 5207 _good[e]_--goode\n 5211 _wi\u00festond_--MS. wi\u00festonde, C. withstond\n 5213 _an hey\u021de_--a heygh\n _grete_--Gret\n 5215 _worchen_--workyn\n 5216 {and} (2)--or\n 5217 _by-fore_--by-forn\n 5218 [_To whom----Amen_]--from C.; MS. reads _et cetera_ after\n \u2018\u00feinges.\u2019 C. ends with the following rubric:\n\n Explicit expliceat luder{e} scriptor eat\n Finito libro sit laus {et} gloria {Christ}o\n Corpore scribentis sit gr{ati}a cunctipotentis]\n\n\n\n\n [[pg 180]]\n [Headnote:\n \u00c6TAS PRIMA.]\n\nAPPENDIX.\n\n [_Camb. Univ. MS._ Ii. 3. 21, _fol._ 52 _b_.]\n\n\nChawc{er} vp-on this fyfte met{ur} of the second book\n\n ++A Blysful lyf a paysyble {and} a swete\n Ledden the poeples in the former age\n They helde hem paied of the fructes \u00fe{a}t \u00feey ete\n Whiche \u00fe{a}t the feldes yaue hem by vsage 4\n They ne weer{e} nat forpampred w{i}t{h} owtrage\n Onknowyn was \u00fe^e quyerne {and} ek the melle\n They eten mast hawes {and} swych pownage\n And dronken wat{er} of the colde welle 8\n\n \u00b6 Yit nas the grownd nat wownded w{i}t{h} \u00fe^e plowh\n But corn vp-sprong vnsowe of mannes hond\n \u00dee which they gnodded {and} eete nat half .I.-nowh\n No man yit knewe the forwes of his lond 12\n No man the fyr owt of the flynt yit fonde\n Vn-koruen and vn-grobbed lay the vyne\n No man yit in the morter spices grond\n To clarre ne to sawse of galentyne 16\n\n \u00b6 No Madyr welde or wod no litester{e}\n Ne knewh / the fles was of is former hewe\n No flessh ne wyste offence of egge or sper{e}\n No coyn ne knewh man which is fals or trewe 20\n No ship yit karf the wawes grene {and} blewe\n No Marchau{n}t yit ne fette owt-landissh war{e}\n No batails trompes for the werres folk ne knewe\n Ne towres heye {and} walles rownde or square 24\n\n \u00b6 What sholde it han avayled to werreye [[pg 181]]\n Ther lay no p{ro}fyt ther was no rychesse\n\n [Sidenote: [fol. 53.]]\n\n But corsed was the tyme .I. dar+ wel seye\n \u00de{a}t men fyrst dede hir swety bysynesse 28\n To grobbe vp metal lurkynge in dirkenesse\n {And} in \u00fee Ryuerys fyrst gemmys sowhte\n Allas than sprong+ vp al the cursydnesse\n Of coueytyse \u00fe{a}t fyrst owr sorwe browhte 32\n\n \u00b6 Thyse tyrau{n}t\u021d put hem gladly nat in pres\n No places wyldnesse ne no busshes for to wynne\n Ther pou{er}te is as seith diogenes\n Ther as vitayle ek is so skars {and} thinne 36\n \u00de{a}t nat but mast or apples is ther Inne\n But \u00fe{er} as bagges ben {and} fat vitaile\n Ther wol they gon {and} spar{e} for no synne\n W{i}t{h} al hir ost the Cyte forto a-sayle 40\n\n \u00b6 Yit was no paleis chaumbres ne non halles\n In kaues {and} wodes softe {and} swete\n Sleptin this blyssed folk+ w{i}t{h}-owte walles\n On gras or leues in p{ar}fyt Ioye reste {and} quiete 44\n No down of fetheres ne no bleched shete\n Was kyd to hem but in surte they slepte\n Hir hertes weer{e} al on w{i}t{h}-owte galles\n Eu{er}ych of hem his feith to oother kepte 48\n\n \u00b6 Vnforged was the hawberke {and} the plate\n \u00de^e lambyssh poeple voyded of alle vyse\n Hadden no fantesye to debate\n But eche of hem wolde oother wel cheryce 52\n No p{r}ide non enuye non Auaryce\n No lord no taylage by no tyranye\n Vmblesse {and} pes good feith the emp{er}ice\n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56\n\n \u00b6 Yit was nat Iuppit{er} the lykerous [[pg 182]]\n \u00de{a}t fyrst was fadyr of delicasie\n Come in this world ne nembroth desyrous\n To regne had nat maad his towres hye 60\n Allas allas now may [men] wepe And crye\n For in owr{e} dayes nis but couetyse\n Dowblenesse {and} tresou{n} {and} enuye\n Poyson {and} manslawhtr{e} {and} mordre in sondry wyse 64\n\n [Linenotes:\n 39, 40 MS. transposes the lines\n 44 _On_--MS. Or\n 56 A line omitted, but no gap left for one.]\n\n\n [Headnote:\n BALADES DE VILAGE SANZ PEINTURE.]\n\nCAUS{ER} / BALADES DE VILAGE SANZ PEINT{UR}E\n\n \u00b6 This wrecched worlde-is t{ra}nsmutaciou{n}\n As wele / or wo / now poeer{e} {and} now hono{ur}\n W{i}t{h}-owten ordyr or wis descresyou{n}\n Gou{er}ned is by fortunes errour 4\n But natheles the lakke of hyr fauowr+\n Ne may nat don me syngen thowh I. deye\n\n [Sidenote: [fol. 53 _b_.]]\n\n Iay tout p{er}du mou{n} temps {et} mou{n} labour\n For fynaly fortune .I. the deffye 8\n\n \u00b6 Yit is me left the lyht of my resou{n}\n To knowen frend fro foo in thi merowr+\n So mochel hath yit thy whirlynge vp {and} down\n I-tawht me for to knowe in an howr 12\n But trewely no fors of thi reddowr+\n To hym \u00fe{a}t ou{er} hym self hath the maystrye\n My suffysau{n}ce shal be my socour+\n For fynaly fortune I. thee deffye 16\n\n \u00b6 O socrates \u00fe{o}u stidfast chau{m}pyou{n}\n She neu{er} myht[e] be thi tormentowr\n Thow neu{er} dreddest hyr opp{re}ssyou{n}\n Ne in hyr cher{e} fownde thow no sauour+ 20\n Thow knewe wel the deseyte of hyr colour+\n And \u00fe{a}t hir most[e] worshipe is to lye\n I knew hir ek a fals dissimulour+\n For fynaly fortune .I. the deffye 24\n\n [[pg 183]]\nLE RESPOU{N}CE DE FORTUNE A PLEINTIF.\n\n \u00b6 No man ys wrechchyd but hym self yt wene\n {And} he \u00fe{a}t hath hym self hat suffisaunce\n Whi seysthow tha{n}ne y am [to] the so kene\n \u00de{a}t hast thy self owt of my gou{er}nau{n}ce 28\n Sey thus grau{n}t m{er}cy of thyn habou{n}dau{n}ce\n That thow hast lent or this why wolt \u00fe{o}u stryue\n What woost thow yit how y the wol auau{n}ce\n {And} ek thow hast thy beste frende a-lyue 32\n\n \u00b6 I haue the tawht deuisyou{n} by-twene\n Frend of effect+ {and} frende of cowntenau{n}ce\n The nedeth nat the galle of no hyene\n \u00de{a}t cureth eyen derkyd for penau{n}ce 36\n Now se[st] thow cleer \u00fe{a}t weere in ignorau{n}ce\n Yit halt thin ancre {and} yit thow mayst aryue\n Ther bownte berth the keye of my substau{n}ce\n {And} ek \u00fe{o}u hast thy beste frende alyue 40\n\n \u00b6 How manye haue .I. refused to sustigne\n Syn .I. the fostred haue in thy plesau{n}ce\n Wolthow thanne make a statute on \u00fey quyene\n \u00de{a}t .I. shal ben ay at thy ordynau{n}ce 44\n Thow born art in my regne of varyau{n}ce\n Abowte the wheel w{i}t{h} oother most thow dryue\n My loore is bet than wikke is thi greuau{n}ce\n {And} ek \u00feou hast thy beste frende a-lyue 48\n\n [Linenotes:\n 37 _se[st]_--partly erased and _ist_ written on it in a later hand.\n 41 _igne_ of _sustigne_ is in a later hand.]\n\n\nLE RESPOU{N}CE DU PLEINTIF COU{N}TR{E} FORTUNE.\n\n [Sidenote: [fol. 54.]]\n\n \u00b6 Thy loor{e} y dempne / it is adu{er}syte\n My frend maysthow nat reuen blynde goddesse\n \u00de{a}t .I. thy frendes knowe .I. thanke to the\n Tak hem agayn / lat hem go lye on p{re}sse 52\n The negardye in kepynge hyr rychesse\n P{re}nostik is thow wolt hir+ towr+ asayle\n Wikke appetyt comth ay before sykenesse [[pg 184]]\n In general this rewle may nat fayle 56\n\n\nLE RESPOU{N}CE DE FORTUNE COU{N}TR{E} LE PLEINTIF\n\n \u00b6 Thow pynchest at my mutabylyte\n For .I. the lente a drope of my rychesse\n And now me lykyth to w{i}t{h}-drawe me\n Whi sholdysthow my realte ap{re}sse 60\n The see may ebbe {and} flowen moor{e} or lesse\n The welkne hath myht to shyne reyne or hayle\n Ryht so mot .I. kythen my brutelnesse\n In general this rewle may nat fayle 64\n\n\nLE PLEINTIF\n\n \u00b6 Lo excussyou{n} of the maieste\n \u00de{a}t al purueyeth of his ryhtwysnesse\n That same thinge fortune clepyn ye\n Ye blynde beestys ful of lewednesse 68\n The heuene hath p{ro}prete of sykyrnesse\n This world hath eu{er} resteles trauayle\n Thy laste day is ende of myn inter[e]sse\n In general this rewele may nat fayle 72\n\n\nLENUOY DE FORTUNE\n\n \u00b6 Prynses .I. prey yow of yowr{e} gentilesses\n Lat nat this man on me thus crye {and} pleyne\n And .I. shal quyte yow yowr{e} bysynesse\n At my requeste as thre of yow or tweyne 76\n \u00de{a}t but yow lest releue hym of hys peyne\n Preyeth hys best frend of his noblesse\n That to som beter{e} estat he may attayne\n\n\n * * * * *\n * * * *\n\n\n_CHAUCER\u2019S TEXT ONLY_\n\nThe following section contains the text alone of Chaucer\u2019s translation\nof _De Consolatione Philosophiae_, without the editor\u2019s annotations.\nIt is followed by the Glossarial Index.\n\n\n\n\nLIBER PRIMUS.\n\n\nINCIPIT LIBER BOICII DE CO{N}SOLAC{I}O{N}E PHILOSOPHIE.\n\nCar{m}i{n}a qui q{u}onda{m} studio flore{n}te p{er}egi.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Allas I wepyng am constreined to bygynne vers of sorouful matere.\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00deat whilom in florysching studie made delitable ditees. For loo\nrendyng muses of poetes enditen to me \u00feinges to be writen. and drery\nv{er}s of wrecchednes weten my face wi\u00fe v{er}ray teers. \u00b6\u00a0At \u00fee leest no\ndrede ne my\u021dt[e] ouer-come \u00feo muses. \u00feat \u00feei ne were{n} felawes {and}\nfolweden my wey. \u00feat is to seyne when I was exiled. \u00feei \u00feat weren glorie\nof my you\u021dth whilom weleful {and} grene co{n}forten now \u00fee sorouful\nwerdes of me olde man. for elde is comen vnwarly vpon me hasted by \u00fee\nharmes \u00feat I haue. {and} sorou ha\u00fe comau{n}ded his age to be in me.\n\u00b6\u00a0Heeres hore ben schad ouertymelyche vpon myne heued. and \u00fee slak[e]\nskyn tremble\u00fe vpon myn emty body. \u00feilk[e] dee\u00fe of men is welful \u00feat ne\ncome\u00fe not in \u021deres \u00feat ben swete (.i. mirie.) but come\u00fe to wrecches\noften yclepid.\n\n\u00b6\u00a0Allas allas wi\u00fe how deef an eere dee\u00fe cruel to{ur}ne\u00fe awey fro\nwrecches {and} naie\u00fe to closen wepyng eyen. \u00b6\u00a0While fortune vnfei\u00feful\nfauored[e] me wi\u00fe ly\u021dte goodes (.s. temp{or}els.) \u00fee sorouful houre \u00feat\nis to seyne \u00fee dee\u00fe had[de] almost dreynt myne heued. \u00b6\u00a0But now for\nfortune clowdy ha\u00fe chaunged hir disceyuable chere to me warde. myn\nvnpitouse lijf drawe\u00fe a long vnagreable dwellynges in me. \u00b6\u00a0O \u021de my\nfrendes what or wherto auaunted[e] \u021de me to be weleful: for he \u00feat ha\u00fe\nfallen stood not i{n} stedfast degree.\n\n\nHIC DUM MECUM TACITUS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The firste p{ro}se.]]\n\n++IN \u00fee mene while \u00feat I stille recorded[e] \u00feise \u00feinges wi\u00fe my self.\n{and} markede my wepli compleynte wi\u00fe office of poyntel. I\u00a0saw stondyng\naboue \u00fee hey\u021dt of my heued a woman of ful greet reuerence by semblaunt\nhir eyen brennyng {and} clere seing ouer \u00fee comune my\u021dt of men. wi\u00fe a\nlijfly colo{ur} {and} wi\u00fe swiche vigoure {and} strenke\u00fe \u00feat it ne\nmy\u021dt[e] not be emptid. \u00b6\u00a0Al were it so \u00feat sche was ful of so greet age.\n\u00feat men ne wolde not trowe i{n} no manere \u00feat sche were of oure elde. \u00fee\nstature of hir was of a doutous iugement. for su{m}tyme sche\nconstreyned[e] {and} schronk hir selue{n} lyche to \u00fee comune mesure of\nmen. {and} su{m}tyme it semed[e] \u00feat sche touched[e] \u00fee heuene wi\u00fe \u00fee\nhey\u021dte of hir heued. and when sche hef hir heued heyer sche p{er}ced[e]\n\u00fee selue heuene. so \u00feat \u00fee sy\u021dt of men lokyng was i{n} ydel. \u00b6\u00a0Hir\nclo\u00fees weren maked of ry\u021dt delye \u00feredes {and} subtil crafte of\np{er}durable matere. \u00fee wyche clo\u00fees sche hadde wouen wi\u00fe hir owen\nhondes: as I knew wel aftir by hir selfe. declaryng {and} schewyng to me\n\u00fee beaute. \u00fee wiche clo\u00fees a derkenes of a forleten and dispised elde\nhad[de] duskid {and} dirkid as it is wo{n}t to dirken by-smoked ymages.\n\u00b6\u00a0In \u00fee ne\u00feerest[e] hem or bordure of \u00feese clo\u00fees me{n} redden ywouen in\nswiche a gregkysche .P. \u00feat signifie\u00fe \u00fee lijf actif. And abouen \u00fe{a}t\nl{ett}re in \u00fee hey\u021dest[e] bordure a grekysche T. \u00feat signifie\u00fe \u00fee lijf\ncontemplatif. \u00b6\u00a0And by-twene \u00feese two l{ett}res \u00feere weren seien degrees\nnobly wrou\u021dt in manere of laddres. By wyche degrees men my\u021dt[en] clymbe\nfro \u00fee ne\u00feemast[e] l{ett}re to \u00fee ouermast[e]. \u00b6\u00a0Na\u00feeles hondes of su{m}\nmen hadde korue \u00fe{a}t clo\u00fee by vyolence {and} by strenke\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0And\neueryche man of hem hadde born away syche peces as he my\u021dte geet[e].\n\u00b6\u00a0And forso\u00fee \u00feis forsaide woman ber bookes in hir ry\u021dt honde. {and} in\nhir lefte honde sche ber a ceptre. \u00b6\u00a0And when sche sau\u021d \u00feese poetical\nmuses ap{ro}chen aboute my bedde. {and} endytyng wordes to my wepynges.\nsche was a lytel ameued and glowed[e] wi\u00fe cruel eyen. \u00b6\u00a0Who q{uo}d sche\nha\u00fe suffred ap{ro}chen to \u00feis seek[e] man \u00feise comune strumpetis of\nsiche a place \u00feat men clepen \u00fee theatr{e}. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dee wyche only ne asswagen\nnot his sorowes. wi\u00fe no remedies. but \u00feei wolde fede {and} norysche hem\nwi\u00fe swete venym. \u00b6\u00a0Forso\u00fee \u00feise ben \u00feo \u00feat wi\u00fe \u00feornes {and} prykkynges\nof talent\u021d or affecciou{n}s wiche \u00feat ben no \u00feing frutefiyng nor\np{ro}fitable destroyen \u00fee cornes plenteuouse of frutes of reson. \u00b6\u00a0For\n\u00feei holden \u00fee hertes of men i{n} usage. but \u00feei ne delyuere not folk fro\nmaladye. but if \u021de muses hadde wi\u00fedrawen fro me wi\u00fe \u021doure flateries. any\nvnkonnyng {and} vnp{ro}fitable man as men ben wont to fynde comunely\namonges \u00fee peple. I\u00a0wolde wene suffre \u00fee lasse greuously. \u00b6\u00a0For-why in\nsyche an vnp{ro}fitable man myne ententes weren no \u00feing endamaged. \u00b6\u00a0But\n\u021de wi\u00fedrawen me \u00feis man \u00feat ha\u00fe ben norysched in studies or scoles of\nEleaticis {and} of achademicis in grece. \u00b6\u00a0But go\u00fe now ra\u00feer awey \u021de\nmeremaydenes wyche ben swete til it be at \u00fee laste. {and} suffre\u00fe \u00feis\nman to be cured {and} heled by myne muses. \u00feat is to say by notful\nsciences. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feus \u00feis compaygnie of muses I-blamed casten wro\u00feely \u00fee\nchere adou{n}ward to \u00fee er\u00fee {and} schewyng by redenesse hir schame \u00feei\npasseden sorowfuly \u00fee \u00fereschefolde. \u00b6\u00a0And I of whom \u00fee sy\u021dt plonged i{n}\nteres was derked so \u00feat I ne my\u021dt[e] not knowe what \u00feat woman was of so\ni{m}perial auctorite. \u00b6\u00a0I wex al a-besid {and} astoned. {and} caste my\nsy\u021dt adoune in to \u00fee er\u00fee. {and} bygan stille forto abide what sche\nwolde don afterwarde. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deo come sche nere {and} sette hir doun vpon \u00fee\nvterrest[e] corner of my bedde. {and} sche byholdyng my chere \u00feat was\ncast to \u00fee er\u00fee heuy {and} greuous of wepyng. co{m}pleinede wi\u00fe \u00feise\nwordes \u00fe{a}t I schal sey \u00fee p{er}t{ur}bac{i}ou{n} of my \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n\nHEU Q{UAM} PRECIPITI MERSA PROFUNDO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 2de Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Allas how \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt of man dreint in ouer \u00ferowyng depnesse dulle\u00fe {and}\nforleti\u00fe hys p{ro}pre clerenesse. myntynge to gone in to foreyne\nderknesses as ofte as hys anoious bisines wexi\u00fe wi\u00fe-oute{n} mesure.\n\u00fe{a}t is dryuen to {and} fro wi\u00fe worldly wyndes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deis man \u00feat su{m}tyme\nwas fre to who{m} \u00fee heuene was open {and} knowen {and} was wont to gone\nin heuenelyche pa\u00fees. {and} sau\u021d \u00fee ly\u021dtnesse of \u00fee rede sunne. {and}\nsau\u021d \u00fee sterres of \u00fee colde moone. {and} wyche sterre i{n} heuene vse\u00fe\nwandryng risorses yflit by dyuerse speres. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deis man ouer comere hadde\nco{m}p{re}hendid al \u00feis by noumbre. of accountyng in astronomye. \u00b6\u00a0And\nouer \u00feis he was wont to seche \u00fee causes whennes \u00fee sounyng wy{n}des\nmoeuen {and} bisien \u00fee smo\u00fee water of \u00fee see. {and} what spirit turne\u00fe\n\u00fee stable heuene. {and} whi \u00fee sterre ryse\u00fe oute of \u00fee reede eest. to\nfalle in \u00fee westren wawes. and what attempri\u00fe \u00fee lusty houres of \u00fee\nfyrste somer sesou{n} \u00feat hi\u021dte\u00fe {and} apparaile\u00fe \u00fee er\u00fee wi\u00fe rosene\nfloures. \u00b6\u00a0And who make\u00fe \u00feat plenteuouse autu{m}pne in fulle \u021deres\nfleti\u00fe wi\u00fe heuy grapes. \u00b6\u00a0And eke \u00feis ma{n} was wont to telle \u00fee\ndyuerses causes of nature \u00feat weren yhid. \u00b6\u00a0Allas now lie\u00fe he emptid of\nly\u021dt of hys \u00feou\u021dt. {and} hys nekke is p{re}ssid wi\u00fe heuy cheynes {and}\nbere\u00fe his chere enclined adoune for \u00fee greet[e] wey\u021dt. and is\nconstreyned to loke on foule er\u00fee.\n\n\nSET MEDICINE INQUIT TEMPUS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ij^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n++Bvt tyme is now q{uo}d sche of medicine more \u00feen of compleynte.\n\u00b6\u00a0Forso\u00fee \u00feen sche entendyng to me warde wi\u00fe al \u00fee lokyng of hir eyen\nsaide. \u00b6\u00a0Art not \u00feou he q{uo}d sche \u00feat su{m}tyme I-norschid wi\u00fe my\nmylke {and} fostre[d] wi\u00fe my meetes were ascaped {and} comen to corage\nof a p{er}fit man. \u00b6\u00a0Certys I \u021daf \u00fee syche armures \u00feat \u021dif \u00feou \u00fei self\nne haddest first caste hem away. \u00feei schulden haue defendid \u00fee in\nsykernesse \u00feat may not be ouer-comen. \u00b6\u00a0Knowest \u00feou me not. Why art \u00feou\nstille. is it for schame or for astonynge. It were me leuer \u00feat it were\nfor schame. but it seme\u00fe me \u00feat astony{n}ge ha\u00fe opp{re}ssed \u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0And\nwhan sche say me not oonly stille. but wi\u00fe-outen office of tonge {and}\nal doumbe. sche leide hir honde softely vpon my brest {and} seide.\n\u00b6\u00a0Here nis no p{er}il q{uod} sche. \u00b6\u00a0He is fallen in to a litargie.\nwhiche \u00feat is a comune sekenes to hertes \u00feat ben desceiued. \u00b6\u00a0He ha\u00fe a\nlitel for\u021deten hym self. but certis he schal ly\u021dtly reme{m}bren hym\nself. \u00b6\u00a0\u021cif so be \u00feat he ha\u00fe knowe{n} me or now. {and} \u00feat he may so\ndone I wil wipe a litel hys eyen. \u00feat ben derked by \u00fee cloude of mortel\n\u00feinges \u00b6\u00a0\u00deise wordes seide sche. and wi\u00fe \u00fee lappe of hir garment yplitid\nin a frounce sche dried[e] myn eyen \u00feat were ful of \u00fee wawes of my\nwepynges.\n\n\nTUNC ME DISCUSSA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n++\u00deus when \u00feat ny\u021dt was discussed {and} chased awey. derknesses\nforleften me. {and} to myn eyen repeyre a\u021deyne her firste strenke\u00fe. and\nry\u021dt by ensample as \u00fee sonne is hid when \u00fee sterres ben clustred. \u00feat is\nto sey whe{n} sterres ben couered wi\u00fe cloudes by a swifte wynde \u00feat hy\u021dt\nchorus. {and} \u00feat \u00fee firmame{n}t stont derked by wete ploungy cloudes.\nand \u00feat \u00fee sterres not apperen vpo{n} heuene. \u00b6\u00a0So \u00feat \u00fee ny\u021dt seme\u00fe\nsprad vpo{n} er\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0Yif \u00fean \u00fee wynde \u00feat hy\u021dt borias sent out of \u00fee\nkaues of \u00fee contre of Trace beti\u00fe \u00feis ny\u021dt. \u00feat is to seyn chasi\u00fe it\naway {and} descouere\u00fe \u00fee closed day. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dean schine\u00fe pheb{us} yshaken wi\u00fe\nsodeyne ly\u021dt {and} smyte\u00fe wi\u00fe hys bemes i{n} m{er}uely{n}g eyen.\n\n\nHAUT ALITER TRISTICIE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n++Ry\u021dt so {and} none o\u00feer wyse \u00fee cloudes of sorowe dissolued {and} don\nawey. \u00b6\u00a0I took heuene. {and} receyuede mynde to knowe \u00fee face of my\nfyciscien. \u00b6\u00a0So \u00feat I sette myne eyen on hir {and} festned[e] my lokyng.\nI\u00a0byholde my norice philosophie. in whos houses I hadde conuersed {and}\nhaunted fro my \u021dou\u00fee. {and} I seide \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0O \u00feou maistresse of alle\nuertues descendid fro \u00fee souereyne sete. Whi art \u00feou comen in to \u00feis\nsolitarie place of myn exil. \u00b6\u00a0Art \u00feou comen for \u00fe{o}u art mad coupable\nwi\u00fe me of fals[e] blames. \u00b6\u00a0O q{uod} sche my norry scholde I forsake \u00fee\nnow. and scholde I not parte wi\u00fe \u00fee by comune trauaille \u00fee charge \u00feat\n\u00feou hast suffred for envie of my name. \u00b6\u00a0Certis it nar[e] not leueful ne\nsittyng to philosophie to leten wi\u00fe-outen compaignie \u00fee wey of hym \u00feat\nis i{n}nocent. \u00b6\u00a0Scholde I \u00fean redoute my blame {and} agrisen as \u00feou\u021d\n\u00feer were byfallen a newe \u00feing. q.\u00a0d. non. \u00b6\u00a0For trowest \u00feou \u00feat\nphilosophi be now al\u00feerfirst assailed i{n} p{er}ils by folk of wicked[e]\nmaneres. \u00b6\u00a0Haue I not stryuen wi\u00fe ful greet strife in olde tyme byfore\n\u00fee age of my plato a\u021deins \u00fee foolhardines of foly {and} eke \u00fee same\nplato lyuyng. hys maistre socrates deserued[e] victorie of vnry\u021dtful\ndee\u00fe in my presence. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dee heritage of wyche socrates. \u00fee h{er}itage is\nto seyne \u00fee doctrine of \u00fee whiche soc{ra}tes in hys oppiniou{n} of\nfelicite \u00feat I clepe welfulnesse \u00b6\u00a0Whan \u00feat \u00fee people of epicuriens\n{and} stoyciens {and} many o\u00feer enforceden hem to go rauische eueryche\nman for his part \u00feat is to seyne. \u00feat to eueryche of hem wolde drawen to\n\u00fee defence of his oppiniou{n} \u00fee wordes of socrates. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deei as in\np{ar}tie of hir preye todrowe{n} me criynge {and} debatyng \u00feer a\u021deins.\n{and} tornen {and} torente{n} my clo\u00fees \u00feat I hadde woue{n} wi\u00fe myn\nhandes. {and} wi\u00fe \u00fee cloutes \u00feat \u00feei hadden arased oute of my clo\u00fees.\n\u00feei wenten awey wenyng \u00feat I hadde gon wi\u00fe he{m} euery dele. In whiche\nepicuryens {and} stoyciens. for as myche as \u00feer semed[e] so{m}me traces\n{and} steppes of myne habit. \u00fee folye of men wenyng \u00feo epicuryens {and}\nstoyciens my familers p{er}uertede (.s. p{er}sequend{o}) so{m}me \u00feoru\u021d\n\u00fee errour of \u00fee wikked[e] or vnkunnyng[e] multitude of hem. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deis is to\nseyne for \u00feei semeden philosophres: \u00feei weren p{ur}sued to \u00fee dee\u00fe and\nslayn. \u00b6\u00a0So yif \u00feou hast not knowen \u00fee exilynge of anaxogore. ne \u00fee\nempoysenyng of socrates. ne \u00fee to{ur}ment\u021d of \u021deno for \u00feei [weren]\nstraungers. \u00b6\u00a0\u021cit my\u021dtest \u00feou haue knowe{n} \u00fee senectiens {and} \u00fee\nCanyos {and} \u00fee sorancis of wyche folk \u00fee renou{n} is ney\u00feer ouer oolde\nne vnsolempne. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dee whiche men no \u00feing ellys ne brou\u021dt[e] hem to \u00fee dee\u00fe\nbut oonly for \u00feei weren enfourmed of my maneres. {and} semede{n} moste\nvnlyke to \u00fee studies of wicked folk. \u00b6\u00a0And for\u00fei \u00feou au\u021dtest not to\nwondre \u00feou\u021d \u00fe{a}t I in \u00fee bitter see of \u00feis lijf be fordryuen wi\u00fe\ntempestes blowyng aboute. in \u00fee whiche te{m}peste \u00feis is my most\np{ur}pos \u00feat is to seyn to displese to wikked[e] men. \u00b6\u00a0Of whiche\nschrews al be \u00fee oost neuer so grete it is to dispyse. for it nis\ngouerned wi\u00fe no leder of resoune. but it is rauysched only by flityng\nerrour folyly {and} ly\u021dtly. \u00b6\u00a0And if \u00feei somtyme maky{n}g an ost\na\u021deynest vs assaile vs as strengere. oure leder drawe\u00fe to gedir hys\nrycchesse i{n} to hys toure. {and} \u00feei ben ententif aboute sarpulers or\nsachels vnp{ro}fitable forto taken. but we \u00feat ben hey\u021d abouen syker fro\nal tumulte {and} wode noise. ben stored {and} enclosed in syche a\npalays. whider as \u00feat chateryng or anoying folye ne may not attayne.\n\u00b6\u00a0We scorne swiche rauiners {and} honters of foulest[e] \u00feinges.\n\n\nQUISQ{UI}S COMPOSITO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Who so it be \u00feat is clere of vertue sad {and} wel ordinat of lyuyng.\n\u00feat ha\u00fe put vnderfote \u00fee prowed[e] wierdes {and} loki\u00fe vpry\u021dt vpon ey\u00feer\nfortune. he may holde hys chiere vndiscomfited. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dee rage ne \u00fee manace\nof \u00fee co{m}moeuyng or chasyng vpwarde hete fro \u00fee botme. ne schal not\nmoeue \u00feat man. ne \u00fee vnstable mountaigne \u00feat hy\u021dt veseuus. \u00feat wirche\u00fe\noute \u00feoru\u021d hys broken[e] chemineys smokyng fires. \u00b6\u00a0Ne \u00fee wey of \u00feonder\nly\u021dt \u00feat is wont to smyte hey\u021de toures ne schal not mouene \u00feat man.\n\u00b6\u00a0Wherto \u00feen wrecches drede \u021de tyrauntes \u00feat ben wode {and} felownes\nwi\u00fe-outen ony strenke\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0Hope after no \u00feing ne drede nat. {and} so\nschalt \u00feou desarmen \u00fee ire of \u00feilke vnmy\u021dty tyraunt. \u00b6\u00a0But who so \u00feat\nquakyng drede\u00fe or desire\u00fe \u00feing \u00feat nis not stable of his ry\u021dt. \u00feat man\n\u00feat so do\u00fe ha\u00fe cast awey hys schelde {and} is remoeued fro hys place.\n{and} enlace\u00fe hym i{n} \u00fee cheyne wi\u00fe whiche he may be drawen.\n\n\nSENTIS NE INQUIT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The verthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n++FElest \u00feou q{uod} sche \u00feise \u00feinges {and} entren \u00feei ou\u021dt in \u00fei corage.\n\u00b6\u00a0Art \u00feou like an asse to \u00fee harpe. Whi wepest \u00feou whi spillest \u00feou\nteres. \u00b6\u00a0Yif \u00feou abidest after helpe of \u00fei leche. \u00fee byhoue\u00fe discouere\n\u00fei wounde. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deo .I. \u00feat hadde gadered strenke\u00fe in my corage answered[e]\n{and} seide. {and} nede\u00fe it \u021ditte q{uod} .I. of rehersyng or of\namonic{i}ou{n}. {and} schewe\u00fe it not ynou\u021d by hym self \u00fee scharpnes of\nfortune \u00feat wexe\u00fe woode a\u021deynes me. \u00b6\u00a0Ne moeue\u00fe it nat \u00fee to seen \u00fee\nface or \u00fee man{er}e of \u00feis place (.i. p{r}isou{n}.). \u00b6\u00a0Is \u00feis \u00fee\nlibrarie wyche \u00feat \u00feou haddest chosen for a ry\u021dt certeyne sege to \u00fee\ni{n} myne house. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deere as \u00feou desputest of[te] wi\u00fe me of \u00fee sciences of\n\u00feinges touching diuinitee {and} touchyng mankynde. \u00b6\u00a0Was \u00fean myn habit\nswiche as it is now. was \u00fean my face or my chere swiche as now.\n\n [Interlinear: quasi d{ice}ret non.]\n\n\u00b6\u00a0Whan I sou\u021dt[e] wi\u00fe \u00fee secretys of nature. whan \u00feou enfo{ur}medest my\nmaners {and} \u00fee resou{n} of al my lijf. to \u00fee ensaumple of \u00fee ordre of\nheuene.\n\n [Interlinear: ironice]\n\n\u00b6\u00a0Is nat \u00feis \u00fee gerdou{n} \u00feat I refere to \u00fee to whom I haue be\nobeisaunt. \u00b6\u00a0Certis \u00feou enfo{ur}medist by \u00fee mou\u00fee of plato \u00feis\nsentence. \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat co{m}mune \u00feinges or comunabletes weren\nblysful yif \u00feei \u00feat haden studied al fully to wisdom gouerneden \u00feilke\n\u00feinges. or ellys yif it so by-felle \u00feat \u00fee gouernours of co{m}munalites\nstudieden in grete wisdomes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou saidest eke by \u00fee mou\u00fee of \u00fee same\nplato \u00feat it was a necessarie cause wyse men to taken {and} desire \u00fee\ngou{er}nau{n}ce of comune \u00fei{n}ges. for \u00feat \u00fee gou{er}nementes of comune\ncitees y-left in \u00fee hondes of felonous to{ur}mento{ur}s Citi\u021denis ne\nscholde not brynge inne pestile{n}ce {and} destrucc{i}ou{n} to goode\nfolk. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feerfore I folowynge \u00feilk auctoritee (.s. platonis). desiryng\nto put[te] fur\u00fee in execusiou{n} {and} in acte of comune\nadmi{ni}st{ra}c{i}ou{n} \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat .I. hadde lerned of \u00fee among my\nsecre restyng whiles. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou {and} god \u00fe{a}t put[te] \u00feee in \u00fee \u00feou\u021dtis of\nwise folk ben knowen wi\u00fe me \u00feat no \u00feing brou\u021dt[e] me to maistrie or\ndignite: but \u00fee comune studie of al goodenes. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feer-of come\u00fe it \u00feat\nby-twixen wikked folk {and} me han ben greuouse discordes. \u00feat ne my\u021dten\nnot be relesed by p{ra}yeres. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feis libertee ha\u00fe fredom of\nconscience \u00feat \u00fee wra\u00fe\u00fee of more my\u021dty folk ha\u00fe alwey ben despised of me\nfor saluac{i}ou{n} of ry\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0How ofte haue .I. resisted {and} wi\u00festonde\n\u00feilk man \u00feat hy\u021dt[e] conigaste \u00feat made alwey assautes a\u021deins \u00fee\np{ro}pre fortunes of poure feble folke. \u00b6\u00a0How ofte haue .I. \u021ditte put\nof. or cast out hy{m} trigwille p{ro}uost of \u00fee kynges hous bo\u00fee of \u00fee\nwronges \u00feat he hadde bygon[ne] to done {and} eke fully p{er}formed.\n\u00b6\u00a0How ofte haue I couered {and} defended by \u00fee auctorite of me put\na\u021deins p{er}ils. \u00feat is to seine put myne auctorite in peril for \u00fee\nwreched pore folke. \u00feat \u00fee couetise of straungeres vnpunysched\nto{ur}mentid alwey wi\u00fe myseses {and} greuaunces oute of noumbre. \u00b6\u00a0Neuer\nman drow me \u021ditte fro ry\u021dt to wro{n}g. When I say \u00fee fortunes {and} \u00fee\nrychesse of \u00fee people of \u00fee p{ro}uinces ben harmed ey\u00feer by p{r}iue\nrauynes or by comune tributis or cariages. as sory was I as \u00feei \u00feat\nsuffred[e] \u00fee harme. _Glosa._ \u00b6\u00a0Whan \u00feat theodoric \u00fee kyng of gothes in\na dere \u021dere hadde hys gerners ful of corne {and} comaundede \u00feat no ma{n}\nne schold[e] bie no corne til his corne were solde {and} \u00feat at a dere\ngreuous pris. \u00b6\u00a0But I w{i}t{h}stod \u00feat ordinaunce {and} ouer-com it\nknowy{n}g al \u00feis \u00fee kyng hym self. \u00b6\u00a0Coempciou{n} \u00feat is to seyn comune\nachat or bying to-gidere \u00feat were establissed vpon poeple by swiche a\nmanere imposiciou{n} as who so bou\u021dt[e] a busshel corn he most[e] \u021deue\n\u00fee ky{n}g \u00fee fifte p{ar}t. _Textus._ \u00b6\u00a0Whan it was in \u00fee soure hungry\ntyme \u00feere was establissed or cried greuous {and} inplitable coempciou{n}\n\u00feat men seyn wel it schulde greetly to{ur}me{n}tyn {and} endamagen al \u00fee\np{ro}uince of co{m}paigne I took strif a\u021deins \u00fee p{ro}uost of \u00fee\npretorie for comune p{ro}fit. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00fee kyng knowyng of it I ouercom it\nso \u00feat \u00fee coempciou{n} ne was not axed ne took effect. \u00b6\u00a0Paulyn a\ncounseiller of Rome \u00fee rychesse of \u00fee whyche paulyn \u00fee houndys of \u00fee\npalays. \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee officeres wolde han deuoured by hope {and}\ncouetise \u00b6\u00a0\u021cit drow I hym out of \u00fee Iowes .s. faucib{us} of hem \u00feat\ngapede{n}. \u00b6\u00a0And for as myche as \u00fee peyne of \u00fee accusac{i}ou{n} aiuged\nbyforn ne scholde not sodeynly henten ne punischen wrongfuly Albyn a\ncounseiller of Rome. I\u00a0put[te] me a\u021denis \u00fee hates {and}\nindignac{i}ou{n}s of \u00fee accuso{ur} Ciprian. \u00b6\u00a0Is it not \u00fean ynought\nyseyn \u00feat I haue p{ur}chased greet[e] discordes a\u021deins my self. but I\naughte be more asseured a\u021denis alle o\u00feer folk \u00feat for \u00fee loue of\nry\u021dtwisnesse .I. ne reserued[e] neuer no \u00feing to my self to hem ward of\n\u00fee kynges halle .s. officers. by \u00fee whiche I were \u00fee more syker. \u00b6\u00a0But\n\u00feoru\u021d \u00fee same accuso{ur}s accusyng I am co{n}dempned. \u00b6\u00a0Of \u00fee noumbre of\nwhiche accuso{ur}s one basilius \u00feat somtyme was chased out of \u00fee kynges\nseruice. is now co{m}pelled i{n} accusyng of my name for nede of foreine\nmoneye. \u00b6\u00a0Also opilion {and} Gaudenci{us} han accused me. al be it so\n\u00feat \u00fee Iustice regal hadde su{m}tyme demed hem bo\u00fee to go in to exil.\nfor her treccheries {and} fraudes wi\u00fe-outen noumbre. \u00b6\u00a0To whiche\niugement \u00feei wolde not obeye. but defended[e] hem by sykernesse of holy\nhouses. \u00feat is to seyne fledden in to seyntuaries. {and} whan \u00feis was\nap{er}ceiued to \u00fee kyng. he comaunded[e] but \u00feat \u00feei voided[e] \u00fee citee\nof Rauenne by certeyne day assigned \u00feat men scholde merken hem on \u00fee\nforheued wi\u00fe an hoke of iren {and} chasen hem out of toune. \u00b6\u00a0Now what\n\u00feing seme\u00fe \u00fee my\u021dt[e] be lykned to \u00feis cruelte. For certys \u00feilk same day\nwas receyued \u00fee accusyng of my name by \u00feilk[e] same accuso{ur}s. \u00b6\u00a0What\nmay be seid herto. ha\u00fe my studie {and} my konnyng deserued \u00feus. or ellys\n\u00fee forseide dampnaciou{n} of me. made \u00feat hem ry\u021dtful accuso{ur}s or no\n(q.d. no{n}). \u00b6\u00a0Was not fortune asshamed of \u00feis. [Certes alle hadde nat\nfortune ben asshamyd] \u00feat i{n}nocence was accused. \u021dit au\u021dt[e] sche haue\nhad schame of \u00fee fil\u00fee of myn accuso{ur}s. \u00b6\u00a0But axest \u00feou in so{m}me of\nwhat gilt .I. am accused. men seyne \u00feat I wolde sauen \u00fee co{m}paignie of\n\u00fee senato{ur}s. \u00b6\u00a0And desirest \u00feou to here in what manere .I. am accused\n\u00feat I scholde han distourbed \u00fee accuso{ur} to beren l{ett}res. by whiche\nhe scholde han maked \u00fee senatours gilty a\u021deins \u00fee kynges Real maieste.\n\u00b6\u00a0O meistresse what demest \u00feou of \u00feis. schal .I. forsake \u00feis blame \u00feat I\nne be no schame to \u00fee (q. d. no{n}). \u00b6\u00a0Certis .I. haue wold it. \u00feat is\nto seyne \u00fee sauuaciou{n} of \u00fee senat. ne I schal neuer leten to wilne\nit. {and} \u00feat I confesse {and} am a-knowe. but \u00fee entent of \u00fee accusour\nto be destourbed schal cese. \u00b6\u00a0For schal I clepe it a felonie \u00fean or a\nsynne \u00feat I haue desired \u00fee sauuaciou{n} of \u00fee ordre of \u00fee senat. and\ncertys \u021dit hadde \u00feilk same senat don by me \u00feoru\u021d her decret\u021d {and} hire\niugementys as \u00feou\u021d it were a synne or a felonie \u00feat is to seyne to wilne\n\u00fee sauuaciou{n} of he{m} (.s senat{us}). \u00b6\u00a0But folye \u00feat lieth alwey to\nhym self may not chaunge \u00fee merit of \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0Ne .I. trowe not by \u00fee\niugement of socrates \u00fe{a}t it were leueful to me to hide \u00fee so\u00fee. ne\nassent[e] to lesynges. \u00b6\u00a0But certys how so euer it be of \u00feis I put[te]\nit to gessen or p{re}ise{n} to \u00fee iugeme{n}t of \u00fee {and} of wise folk.\n\u00b6\u00a0Of whiche \u00feing al \u00fee ordinaunce {and} \u00fee so\u00fee for as moche as folk \u00feat\nben to comen aftir our{e} dayes scholle{n} knowen it. \u00b6\u00a0I haue put it in\nscripture {and} remembraunce. for touching \u00fee l{ett}res falsly maked. by\nwhiche l{ett}res I am accused to han hooped \u00fee fredom of Rome. What\napp{er}tene\u00fe me to speken \u00feer-of. Of whiche l{ett}res \u00fee fraude hadde\nben schewed ap{er}tly if I hadde had libertee forto han vsed {and} ben\nat \u00fee co{n}fessiou{n} of myn accuso{ur}s. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dee whiche \u00feing in alle nedys\nha\u00fe grete strenke\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0For what o\u00fe{er} fredo{m} may men hopen. Certys I\nwolde \u00feat some o\u00fe{er} fredom my\u021dt[e] be hoped. \u00b6\u00a0I wolde \u00fean haue\nanswered by \u00fee wordes of a man \u00feat hy\u021dt[e] Canius. for whan he was\naccused by Gayus Cesar Germeins son \u00feat he (cani{us}) was knowyng {and}\nconsentyng of a coniurac{i}ou{n} maked a\u021deins hym (.s. Gai{us}). \u00b6\u00a0\u00deis\nCanius answered[e] \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0Yif I had[de] wist it \u00feou haddest not wist it.\nIn whiche \u00feing sorwe ha\u00fe not so dulled my witte \u00fe{a}t I pleyne oonly \u00feat\nschrewed[e] folk apparailen folies a\u021deins vertues. \u00b6\u00a0But I wondre gretly\nhow \u00feat \u00feei may p{er}forme \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei had[de] hoped forto done. For\nwhy. to wylne schrewednesse \u00feat come\u00fe p{ar}auenture of oure defaute.\n\u00b6\u00a0But it is lyke to a monstre {and} a meruaille. \u00b6\u00a0How \u00feat in \u00fee\np{re}se{n}t sy\u021dt of god may ben acheued {and} p{er}formed swiche \u00feinges.\nas euery felonous man ha\u00fe conceyued in hys \u00feou\u021dt a\u021deins i{n}nocent.\n\u00b6\u00a0For whiche \u00feing oon of \u00fei familers not vnskilfully axed \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0\u021cif god\nis. whennes comen wikked[e] \u00feinges. {and} yif god ne is whennes comen\ngoode \u00feinges. but al hadde it ben leueful \u00feat felonous folk \u00feat now\ndesiren \u00fee bloode {and} \u00fee dee\u00fe of alle goode men. {and} eke of al \u00fee\nsenat han wilned to gone destroien me. whom \u00feei han seyn alwey\nbataile{n} {and} defenden goode men {and} eke al \u00fee senat. \u021cit hadde I\nnot desserued of \u00fee fadres. \u00feat is to seyne of \u00fee senatours \u00feat \u00feei\nscholde wilne my destrucc{i}ou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou remembrest wele as I gesse \u00feat\nwhan I wolde don or seyn any \u00feing. \u00feou \u00fei self alwey p{re}sent\nreweledest me. \u00b6\u00a0At \u00fee citee of verone wha{n} \u00feat \u00fee kyng gredy of\ncomune slau\u021dter. caste hym to t{ra}nsporten vpon al \u00fee ordre of \u00fee\nsenat. \u00fee gilt of his real maieste of \u00fee whiche gilt \u00feat albyn was\naccused. wi\u00fe how grete sykernesse of p{er}il to me defended[e] I al \u00fee\nsenat. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou wost wel \u00feat I seide so\u00fee. ne I auaunted[e] me neuer in\npreysyng of my self. \u00b6\u00a0For alwey when any wy\u021dt resceiue\u00fe p{re}ciouse\nrenou{n} in auauntyng hym self of hys werkes: he amenusi\u00fe \u00fee secre of\nhys conscience. \u00b6\u00a0But now \u00feou mayst wel seen to what ende I am comen for\nmyne i{n}nocence. I\u00a0receiue peyne of fals felonie in gerdou{n} of verray\nvertue. \u00b6\u00a0And what open co{n}fessiou{n} of felonie had[de] euer iugis so\naccordaunt i{n} cruelte. \u00feat is to seyne as myne accusyng ha\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deat\no\u00feer errour of mans witte or ellys co{n}diciou{n} of fortune \u00feat is\nvncerteyne to al mortal folk ne submytted[e] su{m}me of he{m}. \u00feat is to\nseyne \u00feat it ne cheyned[e] su{m}me iuge to han pitee or compassiou{n}.\n\u00b6\u00a0For al \u00feou\u021d I had[de] ben accused \u00feat I wolde brenne holy houses.\n{and} strangle p{re}stys wi\u00fe wicked swerde. \u00b6\u00a0or \u00feat .I. had[de] gray\u00feed\ndee\u00fe to alle goode men algatis \u00fee sentence scholde han punysched me\np{re}sent confessed or co{n}uict. \u00b6\u00a0But now I am remewed fro \u00fee Citee of\nrome almost fyue-hundre\u00fe \u00feousand pas. I\u00a0am wi\u00fe outen defence dampned to\np{ro}sc{ri}pciou{n} {and} to \u00fee dee\u00fe. for \u00fee studie {and} bountees \u00feat I\nhaue done to \u00fee senat. \u00b6\u00a0But o wel ben \u00feei wor\u00fei of mercye (as who sei\u00fe\nnay.) \u00feer my\u021dt[e] neuer \u021dit non of hem ben conuicte. Of swiche a blame\nas myn is of swiche t{r}espas myn accuso{ur}s seyen ful wel \u00fee dignitee.\n\u00fee wiche dignite for \u00feei wolde derken it wi\u00fe medelyng of some felonye.\n\u00feei beren me on honde {and} lieden. \u00feat I hadde polute {and} defouled my\nconscience wi\u00fe sacrelege. for couetise of dignite. \u00b6\u00a0And certys \u00feou \u00fei\nself \u00feat art plaunted in me chacedest oute \u00fee sege of my corage al\ncouetise of mortal \u00feinges. ne sacrilege ne had[de] no leue to han a\nplace in me byforne \u00feine eyen. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feou drouppedest euery day in myn\neer{e}s {and} in my \u00feou\u021dt \u00feilk comaundement of pictogoras. \u00feat is to\nseyne men schal seruen to god. {and} not to goddes. \u00b6\u00a0Ne it was no\ncouenaunt ne no nede to taken helpe of \u00fee foulest spirites. \u00b6\u00a0I \u00feat \u00feou\nhast ordeyned or set in syche excellence \u00fe{a}t [\u00feou] makedest me lyke to\ngod. and ouer \u00feis \u00fee ry\u021dt clene secre chaumbre of myn house. \u00feat is to\nseye my wijf {and} \u00fee co{m}paignie of myn honeste frendis. {and} my\nwyues fadir as wel holy as wor\u00fei to ben reuerenced \u00feoru\u021d hys owen dedis.\ndefenden me of al suspecciou{n} of syche blame. \u00b6\u00a0But o malice. \u00b6\u00a0For\n\u00feei \u00feat accusen me taken of \u00fee philosophie fei\u00fee of so grete blame.\n\u00b6\u00a0For \u00feei trowen \u00feat .I. haue had affinite to malyfice or\nenchau{n}tement\u021d by cause \u00feat I am replenissed {and} fulfilled wi\u00fe \u00fei\ntechynges. {and} enformed of \u00fei maners. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feus it suffice\u00fe not only\n\u00feat \u00fei reuerence ne auayle me not. but \u021dif \u00feat \u00feou of \u00fei fre wille ra\u00feer\nbe blemissed wi\u00fe myne offensiou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0But certys to \u00fee harmes \u00feat I haue\n\u00feere bytyde\u00fe \u021dit \u00feis encrece of harme. \u00feat \u00fee gessinge {and} \u00fee iugement\nof myche folk ne loken no \u00feing to \u00fee[de]sertys of \u00feinges but only to \u00fee\naue{n}t{ur}e of fortune. \u00b6\u00a0And iugen \u00feat only swiche \u00feinges ben\np{ur}ueied of god. whiche \u00feat temporel welefulnesse co{m}mendi\u00fe.\n_Glosa._ \u00b6\u00a0As \u00feus \u00feat yif a wy\u021dt haue prosperite. he is a good man {and}\nwor\u00fei to haue \u00feat p{ro}sperite. and who so ha\u00fe aduersite he is a wikked\nman. {and} god ha\u00fe forsake hym. {and} he is wor\u00fei to haue \u00feat aduersite.\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00deis is \u00fee opiniou{n} of so{m}me folke. {and} \u00feer of come\u00fe \u00feat good\ngessyng. \u00b6\u00a0Fyrste of al \u00fei{n}g forsake\u00fe wrecches certys it greue\u00fe me to\n\u00feink[e] ry\u021dt now \u00fee dyuerse sentences \u00feat \u00fee poeple sei\u00fe of me. \u00b6\u00a0And\n\u00feus moche I seye \u00feat \u00fee laste charge of contrarious fortune is \u00feis. \u00feat\nwhan \u00feat ony blame is laid vpon a caytif. men wenen \u00feat he ha\u00fe deserued\n\u00feat he suffre\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0And I \u00feat am put awey fro{m} goode men {and} despoiled\nfrom dignitees {and} defoulid of my name by gessyng haue suffred torment\nfor my goode dedis. \u00b6\u00a0Certys me seme\u00fe \u00feat I se \u00fee felonus couines of\nwikked men abounden in ioie {and} in gladnes. \u00b6\u00a0And I se \u00feat euery lorel\nshapi\u00fe hy{m} to fynde oute newe fraudes forto accusen goode folke. and I\nse \u00feat goode men ben ou{er}\u00ferowen for drede of my p{er}il. \u00b6\u00a0and euery\nluxurious to{ur}mentour dar don alle felonie vnpunissed {and} ben\nexcited \u00feerto by \u021diftes. and i{n}nocent\u021d ne ben not oonly despoiled of\nsykernesse but of defence {and} \u00feerfore me list to crien to god in \u00feis\nmanere.\n\n\nO STELLIFERI CONDITOR ORBIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fifthe met{ur}.]]\n\n++O \u00feou maker of \u00fee whele \u00feat bere\u00fe \u00fee sterres. whiche \u00feat art fastned\nto \u00fei p{er}durable chayere. {and} turnest \u00fee heuene wi\u00fe a rauyssyng\nsweigh{e} {and} {con}streinest \u00fee sterres to suffren \u00fei lawe. \u00b6\u00a0So \u00fe{a}t\n\u00fee mone somtyme schynyng wi\u00fe hir ful hornes metyng wi\u00fe alle \u00fee bemes of\n\u00fee sonne. \u00b6\u00a0Hir bro\u00feer hide\u00fe \u00fee sterres \u00feat ben lasse. {and} somtyme\nwhan \u00fee mone pale wi\u00fe hir derke hornes approche\u00fe \u00fee sonne. leesith hir\nly\u021dtes. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feat \u00fee euesterre esperus whiche \u00feat in \u00fee first[e] tyme of\n\u00fee ny\u021dt brynge\u00fe fur\u00fee hir colde arysynges come\u00fe eft a\u021deynes hir vsed\ncours. {and} is pale by \u00fee morwe at \u00fee rysynge of \u00fee sonne. and is \u00fean\ncleped lucifer. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou restreinest \u00fee day by schorter dwellyng in \u00fee tyme\nof colde wynter \u00feat make\u00fe \u00fee leues to falle. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou diuidest \u00fee swifte\ntides of \u00fee ny\u021dt when \u00fee hote somer is comen. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dei my\u021dt attempre[\u00fe] \u00feo\nvariau{n}t\u021d sesons of \u00fee \u021dere. so \u00feat \u021depherus \u00fee deboneire wynde\nbringe\u00fe a\u021dein in \u00fee first[e] somer sesou{n} \u00fee leues \u00feat \u00fee wynde \u00feat\nhy\u021dt[e] boreas ha\u00fe reft awey in autu{m}pne. \u00feat is to seyne in \u00fee laste\neende of somer. and \u00fee sedes \u00feat \u00fee sterre \u00feat hy\u021dt arctur{us} saw ben\nwaxen hey[e] cornes whan \u00fee sterre sirius eschaufe\u00fe hym. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deere nis no\n\u00feing vnbounde from hys olde lawe ne forlete\u00fe hym of hys p{ro}pre estat.\n\u00b6\u00a0O \u00feou gouerno{ur} gouernyng alle \u00feinges by certeyne ende. why refusest\n\u00feou oonly to gouerne \u00fee werkes of men by dewe manere. \u00b6\u00a0Whi suffrest\n\u00fe{o}u \u00feat slidyng fortune turne\u00fe to grete vtter chaungynges of \u00feinges.\nso \u00feat anoious peyne \u00feat scholde duelly punissh{e} felouns punissit\u021d\ninnocent\u021d. \u00b6\u00a0And folk of wikked[e] man{er}es sitten in hei\u021de chaiers.\n{and} anoienge folk treden {and} \u00feat vnry\u021dtfully in \u00fee nekkes of holy\nmen. \u00b6\u00a0And vertue clere {and} schynyng naturely is hid in dirke\ndirkenesses. {and} \u00fee ry\u021dtful man beri\u00fe \u00fee blame {and} \u00fee peyne of \u00fee\nfelowne. \u00b6\u00a0Ne \u00fee forsweryng ne \u00fee fraude couered {and} kembd wi\u00fe a fals\ncolo{ur} ne a-noye\u00fe not to schrewes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dee whiche schrewes whan hem lyst\nto vsen her streng\u00fee \u00feei reioisen hem to putte{n} vndir hem \u00fee souerayne\nkynges. whiche \u00fe{a}t poeple wi\u00fe[outen] noumbre dreden. \u00b6\u00a0O \u00feou what so\neuer \u00feou be \u00feat knyttes[t] alle bondes of \u00feinges loke on \u00feise\nwrecched[e] er\u00fees. we men \u00feat ben nat a foule party but a faire party of\nso grete a werke we ben turmentid in \u00fee see of fortune. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou\ngouerno{ur} wi\u00fedraw {and} restreyne \u00fee rauyssinge flodes {and} fastne\n{and} forme \u00feise er\u00fees stable wi\u00fe \u00feilke [bonde] wi\u00fe whiche \u00feou gouernest\n\u00fee heuene \u00feat is so large.\n\n\nHIC UBI CONTINUATO DOLORE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n++Whan I hadde wi\u00fe a continuel sorwe sobbed or broken out \u00feise \u00feinges\nsche wi\u00fe hir chere peisible {and} no \u00fei{n}g amoeued. wi\u00fe my compleyntes\nseide \u00fe{us}. whan I say \u00fee q{uod} sche sorweful {and} wepyng I wist[e]\non-one \u00feat \u00feou were a wrecche {and} exiled. but I wist[e] neuer how fer\n\u00feine exile was: \u021dif \u00fei tale ne hadde schewed it to me. but certys al be\n\u00feou fer fro \u00fei contre. \u00feou nart nat put out of it. but \u00feou hast fayled\nof \u00fei weye {and} gon amys. \u00b6\u00a0and yif \u00feou hast leuer forto wene \u00fean \u00feou\nbe put out of \u00fei contre. \u00fean hast \u00feou put oute \u00fei self ra\u00feer \u00feen ony\no\u00feer wy\u021dt ha\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0For no wy\u021dt but \u00fei self ne my\u021dt[e] neuer haue don \u00feat\nto \u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0For \u021dif \u00feou remembre of what contre \u00feou art born. it nis not\ngou{er}ned by emp{er}oures. ne by gouernement of multitude. as weren \u00fee\ncontres of hem of athenes. \u00b6\u00a0But o lorde {and} o kyng {and} \u00feat is god\n\u00feat is lorde of \u00fei contree. whiche \u00feat reioise\u00fe hym of \u00fee dwellyng of\nhys Cite\u021denis. {and} not forto putte hem in exile. Of \u00fee whiche lorde it\nis a souerayne fredom to be gouerned by \u00fee bridel of hym and obeie to\nhis iustice. \u00b6\u00a0Hast \u00feou for\u021deten \u00feilke ry\u021dt olde lawe of \u00fei Citee. in \u00fee\nwhiche Citee it is ordeyned {and} establissed \u00feat what wy\u021dt \u00feat ha\u00fe\nleuer founden \u00feer i{n}ne hys sete or hys house. \u00feen ellys where: he may\nnot be exiled by no ry\u021dt fro \u00feat place. \u00b6\u00a0For who so \u00feat is co{n}tened\nin-wi\u00fe \u00fee paleis [{and} the clos] of \u00feilke Citee. \u00feer nis no drede \u00feat\nhe may deserue to ben exiled. \u00b6\u00a0But who \u00feat lette\u00fe \u00fee wille forto\nenhabit[e] \u00feere. he forlete\u00fe also to deserue to ben Cite\u021dein of \u00feilke\nCitee. \u00b6\u00a0So \u00feat I seye \u00feat \u00fee face of \u00feis place ne amoeue\u00fe me nat so\nmyche as \u00feine owen face. Ne .I. ne axe not ra\u00feer \u00fee walles of \u00fei\nlibrarie apparailled {and} wrou\u021dt wi\u00fe yvory {and} wi\u00fe glas \u00fean after \u00fee\nsete of \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt. In whiche I putte nat somtyme bookes. but .I. putte\n\u00feat \u00feat make\u00fe bookes wor\u00fei of p{ri}s or p{re}cious \u00feat is to sein \u00fee\nsentence of my books. \u00b6\u00a0{And} certeinly of \u00fei dec{er}tes by-stowed in\nco{m}mune good. \u00feou hast seid so\u00fee but after \u00fee multitude of \u00fei goode\ndedys. \u00feou hast seid fewe. {and} of \u00fee vnhonestee or falsnesse of \u00feinges\n\u00feat ben opposed a\u021deins \u00fee. \u00feou hast remembred \u00feinges \u00feat be{n} knowe to\nalle folk. and of \u00fee felonies {and} fraudes of \u00feine accuso{ur}s. it\nseme\u00fe \u00fee haue I-touched it forso\u00fee ry\u021dtfully {and} schortly. \u00b6\u00a0Al my\u021dten\n\u00feo same \u00feinges bettere {and} more plentiuousely be couth in \u00fee mou\u00fee of\n\u00fee poeple \u00fe{a}t knowe\u00fe al \u00feis. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou hast eke blamed gretly {and}\ncompleyned of \u00fee wrongful dede of \u00fee senat. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feou hast sorwed for my\nblame. {and} \u00feou hast wepen for \u00fee damage of \u00fei renoune \u00feat is appaired.\n{and} \u00fei laste sorwe eschaufed a\u021deins fortune {and} co{m}pleinest \u00feat\ngerdou{n}s ne ben not euenliche \u021dolde to \u00fee desertes of folk. {and} in\n\u00fee l{att}re ende of \u00fei woode muse \u00feou p{r}iedest \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke pees \u00feat\ngouerne\u00fe \u00fee heuene scholde gou{er}ne \u00fee er\u00fee \u00b6\u00a0But for \u00feat many\ntribulac{i}ou{n}s of affecc{i}ou{n}s han assailed \u00fee. {and} sorwe {and}\nIre {and} wepyng todrawen \u00feee dyuersely \u00b6\u00a0As \u00feou art now feble of \u00feou\u021dt.\nmy\u021dtyer remedies ne schullen not \u021dit touchen \u00fee for whiche we wil[e]\nvsen somedel ly\u021dter medicines. So \u00feat \u00feilk[e] passiou{n}s \u00feat ben woxen\nharde in swellyng by p{er}turbac{i}ou{n} folowyng in to \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt mowen\nwoxe esy {and} softe to receyue{n} \u00fee strenke\u00fe of a more my\u021dty {and}\nmore egre medicine by an esier touchyng.\n\n\nCU{M} PHEBI RADIIS G{RA}UE CA{N}C{R}I SID{US} ENESTUAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The sixte met{ur}.]]\n\n++Whan \u00feat \u00fee heuy sterre of \u00fee cancre eschaufe\u00fe by \u00fee beme of pheb{us}.\n\u00feat is to seyne whan \u00feat pheb{us} \u00fee sonne is in \u00fee signe of \u00fee Cancre.\nWho so \u021deue\u00fe \u00fean largely hys sedes to \u00fee feldes \u00feat refuse to receiuen\nhem. lete hym gon bygyled of trust \u00feat he hadde to hys corn. to acorns\nor okes. yif \u00feou wilt gadre violett\u021d. ne go \u00feou not to \u00fee purp{er} wode\nwhan \u00fee felde chirkynge agrise\u00fe of colde by \u00fee felnesse of \u00fee wynde \u00feat\nhy\u021dt aquilon \u00b6\u00a0Yif \u00feou desirest or wolt vsen grapes ne seke \u00feou nat wi\u00fe\na gloto{n}us hande to streine {and} p{re}sse \u00fee stalkes of \u00fee vine in \u00fee\nfirst somer sesou{n}. for bachus \u00fee god of wyne ha\u00fe ra\u00feer \u021deuen his\n\u021diftes to autu{m}pne \u00fee latter ende of somer. \u00b6\u00a0God tokeni\u00fe {and}\nassigne\u00fe \u00fee tymes. ablyng hem to her p{ro}pre offices. \u00b6\u00a0Ne he ne\nsuffre\u00fe not stoundes whiche \u00feat hym self ha\u00fe deuided {and} co{n}streined\nto be medeled to gidre \u00b6\u00a0And for\u00fei he \u00feat forlete\u00fe certeyne ordinaunce\nof doynge by ou{er}\u00ferowyng wey. he ne ha\u00fe no glade issue or ende of hys\nwerkes.\n\n\nPRIMU{M} IGITUR PATERIS ROGACIONIB{US}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The syxte p{ro}se.]]\n\n++FIrst wolt \u00feou suffre me to touche {and} assaie \u00fee stat of \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt by\na fewe demaundes. so \u00feat I may vnderstonde what be \u00fee manere of \u00fei\ncurac{i}ou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0Axe me q{uod} .I. atte \u00fei wille what \u00feou wilt. {and} I\nschal answer{e}. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deo saide sche \u00feus. whe\u00feer wenest \u00feou q{uo}d sche\n\u00fe{a}t \u00feis worlde be gouerned by foolisshe happes {and} fortunes. or\nelles wenest \u00feou \u00feat \u00feer be i{n} it any gouerneme{n}t of resou{n}.\nCertes q{uod} .I. ne trowe not in no manere \u00feat so certeyne \u00feinges\nscholde be moeued by fortunouse fortune. but I wot wel \u00feat god maker\n{and} mayster is gouerno{ur} of \u00feis werk. Ne neuer nas \u021dit day \u00feat\nmy\u021dt[e] putte me oute of \u00fee so\u00feenesse of \u00feat sentence. \u00b6\u00a0So is it q{uod}\nsche. for \u00fee same \u00feing songe \u00feou a lytel here byforne {and} byweyledest\n{and} byweptest. \u00feat only men weren put oute of \u00fee cure of god. \u00b6\u00a0For of\nalle o\u00feer \u00feinges \u00feou ne doutest nat \u00feat \u00feei nere gouerned by reso{n}.\nbut how (.i. pape.). I\u00a0wondre gretly certes whi \u00feat \u00feou art seek. si\u00feen\n\u00feou art put in to so holesom a sentence. but lat vs seken depper.\nI\u00a0coniecte \u00feat \u00feere lakke\u00fe I not what. but sey me \u00feis. si\u00feen \u00feat \u00feou ne\ndoutest nat \u00fe{a}t \u00feis worlde be gouerned by god \u00b6\u00a0wi\u00fe swycche\ngouernailes takest \u00feou hede \u00feat it is gouerned. \u00b6\u00a0vnne\u00fe q{uod} .I. knowe\n.I. \u00fee sente{n}ce of \u00fei q{ue}stiou{n}. so \u00feat I ne may nat \u021dit answeren\nto \u00fei demaundes. \u00b6\u00a0I nas nat deceiued q{uod} sche \u00feat \u00feere ne faile\u00fe\nsu{m}what. by whiche \u00fee maladie of p{er}turbac{i}ou{n} is crept in to \u00fei\n\u00feou\u021dt. so as \u00fee streng\u00fee of \u00fee paleys schynyng is open. \u00b6\u00a0But seye me\n\u00feis reme{m}brest \u00feou ou\u021dt what is \u00fee ende of \u00fei \u00feinges. whider \u00feat \u00fee\nentenc{i}ou{n} of al kynde tende\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0I haue herd told it somtyme q{uod}\n.I. but drerynesse ha\u00fe dulled my memorie. \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uod} sche \u00feou wost\nwel whe{n}nes \u00feat alle \u00feinges ben comen {and} p{ro}ceded. I\u00a0wot wel\nq{uod} .I. {and} ansewered[e] \u00feat god is \u00fee bygynnyng of al. \u00b6\u00a0And how\nmay \u00feis be q{uod} sche \u00feat si\u00feen \u00fe{o}u knowest \u00fee bygynnyng of \u00feinges.\n\u00feat \u00feou ne knowest not what is \u00fee endyng of \u00feinges. but swiche ben \u00fee\ncustomes of p{er}turbac{i}ou{n}s. {and} \u00feis power \u00feei han. \u00feat \u00feei may\nmoeue a ma{n} fro hys place. \u00feat is to seyne from \u00fee stablenes {and}\np{er}fecc{i}ou{n} of hys knowyng. but certys \u00feei may not al arace hym ne\nalyene hy{m} in al. \u00b6\u00a0But I wolde \u00feat \u00feou woldest answere to \u00feis.\n\u00b6\u00a0Remembrest \u00feou \u00feat \u00feou art a man \u00b6\u00a0_Boice._ \u00b6\u00a0Whi scholde I nat\nremembre \u00feat q{uod} .I. _Philosophie._ \u00b6\u00a0Maiste \u00feou not telle me \u00fean\nq{uod} sche what \u00feing is a man. \u00b6\u00a0Axest not me q{uod} I. whe\u00feir \u00feat be a\nresonable best mortel. I\u00a0wot wel {and} I confesse wel \u00feat I am it.\n\u00b6\u00a0Wistest \u00feou neuer \u021dit \u00feat \u00feou were ony o\u00feer \u00feing q{uod} she. No q{uod}\n.I. now wot I q{uod} she o\u00feer cause of \u00fei maladie {and} \u00feat ry\u021dt grete\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00deou hast left forto knowe \u00fei self what \u00feou art. \u00feoru\u021d whiche I haue\npleynelyche knowen \u00fee cause of \u00fei maladie. or ellis \u00fee entre of\nrecoueryng of \u00fein hele. \u00b6\u00a0Forwhy for \u00feou art co{n}founded wi\u00fe for\u021detyng\nof \u00fei self. for\u00fei sorwest \u00feou \u00feat \u00feou art exiled of \u00fei p{ro}pre goodes.\n\u00b6\u00a0And for \u00feou ne wost what is \u00fee ende of \u00feinges. for[\u00fei] demest [\u00feou]\n\u00feat felono{us} {and} wikked men ben my\u021dty {and} weleful for \u00feou hast\nfor\u021deten by whiche gouernement\u021d \u00fee worlde is gouerned. \u00b6\u00a0For\u00fei wenest\n\u00feou \u00feat \u00feise mutac{i}ou{n}s of fortune fleten wi\u00fe oute{n} gouerno{ur}.\n\u00feise ben grete causes not oonly to maladie. but certes grete causes to\ndee\u00fe \u00b6\u00a0But I \u00feanke \u00fee auctour {and} \u00fee makere of heele \u00feat nat{ur}e ha\u00fe\nnot al forleten \u00fee. {and} I haue g[r]ete norissinges of \u00fei hele. {and}\n\u00feat is \u00fee so\u00fee sentence of gou{er}nau{n}ce of \u00fee worlde. \u00feat \u00feou\nbyleuest \u00feat \u00fee gou{er}nynge of it nis nat subgit ne vnderput to \u00fee\nfolie of \u00feise happes auenterouses. but to \u00fee resou{n} of god \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feer\nfore doute \u00fee no\u00feing. For of \u00feis litel spark \u00feine heet of lijf schal\nshine. \u00b6\u00a0But for as muche as it is not tyme \u021ditte of fastere remedies\n\u00b6\u00a0And \u00fee nature of \u00feou\u021dtes disseiued is \u00feis \u00feat as ofte as \u00feei casten\naweye so\u00fee opyniou{n}s: \u00feei clo\u00feen hem in fals[e] opiniou{n}s. [of\nwhich{e} false opyniou{n}s] \u00fee derknesse of p{er}turbac{i}ou{n} wexe\u00fe\nvp. \u00feat comfounde\u00fe \u00fee verray insy\u021dt. {and} \u00feat derkenes schal .I. say\nsomwhat to maken \u00fei{n}ne {and} wayk by ly\u021dt {and} meenelyche remedies.\nso \u00feat after \u00feat \u00fee derknes of desseyuynge desyrynges is don awey. \u00feou\nmow[e] knowe \u00fee schynyng of verray ly\u021dt.\n\n\nNUBIB{US} ATRIS CONDITA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The seuende Metyr.]]\n\n++\u00deE sterres cou{er}ed wi\u00fe blak[e] cloudes ne mowen geten a dou{n} no\nly\u021dt. \u021cif \u00fee trouble wy{n}de \u00feat hy\u021dt auster stormynge {and} walwy{n}g\n\u00fee see medle\u00fe \u00fee heete \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee boylyng vp from \u00fee botme \u00b6\u00a0\u00dee\nwawes \u00fe{a}t somtyme weren clere as glas {and} lyke to \u00fee fair[e]\nbry\u021dt[e] dayes wi\u00festant anon \u00fee sy\u021dtes of men. by \u00fee fil\u00fee {and} ordure\n\u00feat is resolued. {and} \u00fee fletyng streme \u00feat royle\u00fe dou{n} dyuersely fro\nhey\u021de mou{n}taignes is arestid {and} resisted ofte tyme by \u00fee\nencountrynge of a stoon \u00fe{a}t is dep{ar}tid {and} fallen from some\nroche. \u00b6\u00a0And for\u00fei yif \u00feou wilt loken {and} demen so\u00fee wi\u00fe clere ly\u021dt.\n{and} holde \u00fee weye wi\u00fe a ry\u021dt pa\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0Weyue \u00feou ioie. drif fro \u00fee\ndrede. fleme \u00feou hope. ne lat no sorwe ap{ro}che. \u00feat is to sein lat\nnoon of \u00feise four passiou{n}s ouer come \u00fee. or blynde \u00fee. for cloudy\n{and} dirke is \u00feilk \u00feou\u021dt {and} bounde w{i}t{h} bridles. where as \u00feise\n\u00feinges regnen.\n\n EXPLICIT LIBER PRIMUS.\n\n\n\n\nINCIPIT LIBER SECUNDUS.\n\n\nPOSTEA [PAU]LISPER CONTICUIT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrst p{ro}se.]]\n\n++After \u00feis she stynte a litel. and after \u00feat she hadde gadred by\natempre stillenesse myn attenciou{n} she seide \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0As who so my\u021dt[e]\nseye \u00feus. After \u00feise \u00feinges she stynt[e] a lytel. {and} whanne she\nap{er}ceiued[e] by atempre stillenesse \u00feat I was ententif to herkene\nhire. she bygan to speke in \u00feis wyse. \u00b6\u00a0Yif I q{uod} she haue\nvnderstonde{n} {and} knowe vtterly \u00fee causes {and} \u00fee habit of \u00fei\nmaladie. \u00feou languissed {and} art deffeted for talent {and} desijr of \u00fei\nra\u00feer fortune. \u00b6\u00a0She \u00feat ilke fortune only \u00feat is chaunged as \u00feou\nfeinest to \u00fee ward. ha\u00fe p{er}uerted \u00fee clerenesse {and} \u00fee astat of \u00fei\ncorage. \u00b6\u00a0I vnderstonde \u00fee felefolde colo{ur} {and} deceites of \u00feilke\nmerueillous monstre fortune. and how she vse\u00fe ful flatryng familarite\nwi\u00fe hem \u00feat she enforce\u00fe to bygyle. so longe til \u00feat she co{n}founde wi\u00fe\nvnsuffreable sorwe hem \u00feat she ha\u00fe left in despeir vnpurueyed. \u00b6\u00a0and if\n\u00feou remembrest wel \u00fee kynde \u00fee maners {and} \u00fee desert of \u00feilke fortune.\n\u00feow shalt wel knowe as in hir \u00feou neuer ne haddest ne hast ylost any\nfair \u00feing. But as I trowe I shal not gretly trauaile to don \u00fee remembren\nof \u00feise \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feou were wont to hurtlen [{and} despysen] hir wi\u00fe\nmanly wordes whan she was blaundissinge {and} presente {and}\np{ur}sewedest hir wi\u00fe sentences \u00feat were drawe{n} oute of myne entre.\n\u00feat is to seyne out of myn i{n}formac{i}ou{n} \u00b6\u00a0But no sudeyne\nmutac{i}ou{n} ne bytide\u00fe nat wi\u00fe oute{n} a maner chau{n}gyng of curages.\nand so is it byfallen \u00feat \u00feou art dep{ar}ted a litel fro \u00fee pees of \u00fei\n\u00feou\u021dt. but now is tyme \u00feat \u00feou drynke {and} atast[e] some softe {and}\ndelitable \u00feinges. so \u00feat whan \u00feei ben entred wi\u00fe i{n}ne \u00fee. it mow make\nweye to strenger drynkes of medycynes. \u00b6\u00a0Com nowe fur\u00fee \u00feerfore \u00fee\nsuasiou{n} of swetnesse Rethoryen. whiche \u00feat go\u00fe oonly \u00fee ry\u021dt wey whil\nshe forsake\u00fe not myne estatut\u021d. \u00b6\u00a0And wi\u00fe Rethorice com for\u00fee musice a\ndamoisel of oure house \u00feat synge\u00fe now ly\u021dter moedes or p{ro}lac{i}ou{n}s\nnow heuyer. what ayle\u00fe \u00fee man. what is it \u00feat ha\u00fe cast \u00fee in to murnyng\n{and} in to wepyng. I\u00a0trow[e] \u00feat \u00feou hast sen some newe \u00feing {and}\nuncou\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou wenest \u00feat fortune be chaunged a\u021deins \u00fee \u00b6\u00a0But \u00feou wenest\nwrong. yif \u00feou [\u00feat] wene. Alwey \u00feo ben hire maners. she ha\u00fe ra\u00feer\n[kept] as to \u00fee ward hire p{ro}pre stablenes in \u00fee chaungyng of hyre\nself. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt swyche was she whan she flatered[e] \u00fee. {and} desseiued[e]\n\u00fee wi\u00fe vnleueful lykynges of false welefulnesse. \u00feou hast now knowen\n{and} ataynt \u00fee doutous or double visage of \u00feilke blynde goddesse\nfortune. \u00b6\u00a0She \u00feat \u021dit couere\u00fe hir {and} wymple\u00fe hir to o\u00feer folk. ha\u00fe\nshewed hir euerydel to \u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0\u021cif \u00feou app{ro}uest hir {and} \u00feenkest \u00feat\nshe is good. vse hir maners {and} pleyne \u00fee nat. \u00b6\u00a0And if \u00feou agrisest\nhir fals[e] trecherie. dispise {and} cast aweye hir \u00feat pleye\u00fe so\nharmefully. for she \u00feat is now cause of so myche sorwe to \u00fee. sholde be\nto \u00fee cause of pees {and} [of] ioie. \u00b6\u00a0she ha\u00fe forsaken \u00fee forso\u00fee. \u00fee\nwhiche \u00feat neuer man may be syker \u00feat she ne shal forsake hym. _Glose._\n\u00b6\u00a0But na\u00feeles some bookes han \u00fee text \u00feus. For so\u00fee she ha\u00fe forsaken \u00fee\nne \u00feer nis no man syker \u00feat she ne ha\u00fe not forsaken. \u00b6\u00a0Holdest \u00feou \u00fean\n\u00feilke welefulnesse p{re}ciouse to \u00fee \u00feat shal passen. {and} is p{re}sent\nfortune derwor\u00fei to \u00fee. whiche \u00feat nis not fei\u00feful forto dwelle. {and}\nwhan she go\u00fe aweye \u00feat she brynge\u00fe a wy\u021dt in sorwe \u00b6\u00a0For syn she may nat\nbe wi\u00feholde{n} at a mans wille. she make\u00fe hym a wrecche whe{n} she\ndep{ar}te\u00fe fro hym. \u00b6\u00a0What o\u00feer \u00feing is flitti{n}g fortune but a manere\nshewyng of wrycchednesse \u00feat is to comen. ne it ne suffri\u00fe nat oo[n]ly\nto loken of \u00feing \u00feat is p{re}sent byforne \u00fee eyen of man. but wisdom\nloke\u00fe {and} mesure\u00fe \u00fee ende of \u00feinges. {and} \u00fee same chau{n}gyng from\none to an o\u00feer. \u00feat is to seyne fro aduersite to p{ro}sperite make\u00fe \u00feat\n\u00fee manaces of fortune ne ben not forto dreden. ne \u00fee flatrynges of hir\nto ben desired. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deus atte \u00fee last it byhoue\u00fe \u00fee to suffren wi\u00fe euene\nwille in pacience al \u00feat is don inwi\u00fe \u00fee floor of fortune. \u00feat is to\nseyne in \u00feis worlde. \u00b6\u00a0Sy\u00feen \u00feou hast oones put \u00fei nekke vnder \u00fee \u021dokke\nof hir. for if \u00feou wilt write a lawe of wendyng {and} of dwellyng to\nfortune whiche \u00feat \u00feou hast chosen frely to be \u00fei lady \u00b6\u00a0Art \u00feou nat\nwrongful in \u00feat {and} makest fortune wro\u00fee {and} asp{er}e by \u00fein\ninpacience. {and} \u021dit \u00feou mayst not chaungen hir. \u00b6\u00a0Yif \u00feou co{m}mittest\n[{and}] bitakest \u00fei sayles to \u00fee wynde. \u00feou shalt be shouen not \u00feider\n\u00feat \u00feou woldest(:) but whider \u00feat \u00fee wy{n}de shoue\u00fe \u00fee \u00b6\u00a0Yif \u00feou castest\n\u00fei seedes in \u00fee feldes \u00feou sholdest haue in mynde \u00feat \u00fee \u021deres ben o\u00feer\nwhile plenteuous {and} o\u00fe{er} while bareyne. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou hast bytaken \u00feiself\nto \u00fee gouernaunce of fortune. {and} for\u00fei it byhoue\u00fe \u00fee to ben obeisaunt\nto \u00fee manere of \u00fei lady. and enforcest \u00feou \u00fee to aresten or wi\u00festonden\n\u00fee swyftnesse {and} \u00fee sweyes of hir to{ur}nyng whele. \u00b6\u00a0O \u00feou fool of\nalle mortel fooles if fortune bygan to dwelle stable. she cesed[e] \u00fean\nto ben fortune.\n\n\nHEC CUM SUPERBA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrst met{ur}.]\n\n++Whan fortune wi\u00fe a proude ry\u021dt hande ha\u00fe turnid hir chau{n}gyng\nstoundes she fare\u00fe lyke \u00fee maners of \u00fee boillyng eurippe. _Glose._\nEurippe is an arme of \u00fee see \u00fe{a}t ebbith {and} flowi\u00fe. {and} somtyme \u00fee\nstreme is on one syde {and} somtyme on \u00feat o\u00feer. _Texte_ \u00b6\u00a0She cruel\nfortune kaste\u00fe adoune kynges \u00feat somtyme weren ydred. {and} she\ndeceiuable enhau{n}seth vp \u00fee humble chere of hym \u00feat is discomfited.\n{and} she ney\u00feer here\u00fe ne recche\u00fe of wrecched[e] wepynges. {and} she is\nso harde \u00feat she lau\u021de\u00fe {and} scorne\u00fe \u00fee wepyng of hem \u00fee whiche she ha\u00fe\nmaked wepe wi\u00fe hir free wille. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deus she pleye\u00fe {and} \u00fe{us} she p{re}ue\u00fe\nhir streng\u00fee {and} shewe\u00fe a grete wondre to alle hir seruau{n}t\u021d. \u00b6\u00a0Yif\n\u00feat a wy\u021dt is seyn weleful {and} ou{er}\u00ferowe in an houre.\n\n\nVELLEM AUTE{M} PAUCA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The secunde p{ro}se.]]\n\n++CErtis I wolde plete wi\u00fe \u00feee a fewe \u00feinges vsynge \u00fee wordes of fortune\ntak heede now \u00fei self. yif \u00fe{a}t she axe\u00fe ry\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0O \u00feou man wher fore\nmakest \u00feou me gilty by \u00feine euerydayes pleynynges. what wronges haue I\ndon \u00fee. what goodes haue I byreft \u00fee \u00feat weren \u00feine. stryf or plete wi\u00fe\nme by fore what iuge \u00feat \u00feou wilt of \u00fee possessiou{n} of rycchesse or of\ndignites \u00b6\u00a0And yif \u00feou maist shewe me \u00feat euer any mortal man ha\u00fe\nreceyued any of \u00feese \u00feinges to ben his in p{ro}pre. \u00fean wol I graunt[e]\nfrely \u00feat [alle] \u00feilke \u00feinges were{n} \u00feine whiche \u00feat \u00feou axest. \u00b6\u00a0Whan\n\u00feat nature brou\u021dt[e] \u00fee for\u00fee out of \u00fei moder wombe. I\u00a0receyued[e] \u00fee\nnaked {and} nedy of al \u00feing. {and} I norysshed[e] \u00fee wi\u00fe my rychesse.\n{and} was redy {and} ententif \u00feo{ru}\u021d my fauo{ur} to sustene \u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0And\n\u00feat make\u00fe \u00fee now i{n}pacient a\u021deins me. {and} I envirounde \u00fee wi\u00fe al \u00fee\nhabundaunce {and} shinyng of al goodes \u00feat ben in my ry\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0Now it\nlyke\u00fe me to wi\u00fe drawe myne hande. \u00feou hast had grace as he \u00feat ha\u00fe vsed\nof foreyne goodes. \u00feou hast no ry\u021dt to pleyne \u00fee. as \u00feou\u021d \u00feou haddest\nvtterly lorn alle \u00fei \u00feinges. whi pleynest \u00feou \u00fean. I\u00a0haue don \u00fee no\nwrong. Ricches hono{ur}es {and} swyche o\u00feer \u00feinges ben of my ry\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0My\nseruauntes knowen me for hir lady. \u00feei comen wi\u00fe me {and} dep{ar}ten\nwhan I wende. I\u00a0dar wel affermen hardyly. \u00feat yif \u00feo \u00feinges of whiche\n\u00feou pleynest \u00feat \u00feou hast forlorn hadde ben \u00feine. \u00feou ne haddest not\nlorn he{m}. \u00b6\u00a0shal I \u00fean only be defended to vse my ry\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0Certis it is\nleueful to \u00fee heuene to make clere dayes. {and} after \u00feat to keuere \u00fee\nsame dayes wi\u00fe derke ny\u021dtes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dee er\u00fee ha\u00fe eke leue to apparaile \u00fee\nvisage of \u00fee er\u00fee now w{i}t{h} floures {and} now wi\u00fe fruyt. {and} to\nconfounde he{m} so{m}tyme wi\u00fe raynes {and} wi\u00fe coldes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dee see ha\u00fe eke\nhys ry\u021dt to be somtyme calme {and} blaundyshing wi\u00fe smo\u00fee water. {and}\nsomtyme to be horrible wi\u00fe wawes {and} wi\u00fe tempestes. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00fee couetyse\nof men \u00feat may not be staunched shal it bynde me to be stedfast. syn \u00feat\nstedfastnesse is vnkou\u00fe to my maneres. \u00b6\u00a0Swyche is my streng\u00fee. {and}\n\u00feis pley. I\u00a0pley[e] co{n}tinuely. I\u00a0tourne \u00fee whirly{n}g whele wi\u00fe \u00fee\ntournyng cercle \u00b6\u00a0I am glade to chaunge \u00fee lowest to \u00fee heyeste. {and}\n\u00fee heyest to \u00fee loweste. wor\u00fee vp yif \u00feou wilt. so it be by \u00feis lawe.\n\u00feat \u00feou ne holde not \u00feat I do \u00fee wronge \u00feou\u021d \u00feou descende dou{n} whanne\nresou{n} of my pleye axe\u00fe it. Wost \u00feou not how Cresus kyng of lyndens of\nwhiche kyng Cir{us} was ful sore agast a litel byforne \u00feat \u00feis rewlyche\nCresus was cau\u021dt of Cirus {and} lad to \u00fee fijr to be brent. but \u00feat a\nreyne desce{n}ded[e] dou{n} from heuene \u00feat rescowed[e] hym \u00b6\u00a0And is it\nout of \u00fei mynde how \u00feat Paulus consul of Rome whan he hadde take \u00fee kyng\nof p{er}ciens weep pitou[s]ly for \u00fee captiuitee of \u00fee self[e] kyng. What\no\u00feer \u00feinges bywaylen \u00fee criinges of Tragedies. but only \u00fee dedes of\nfortune. \u00feat wi\u00fe an vnwar stroke ouert{ur}ne\u00fe \u00fee realmes of grete nobley\n\u00b6\u00a0_Glose._ Tragedie is to seyne a dite of a p{ro}sp{er}ite for a tyme\n\u00feat endi\u00fe in wrechednesse. Lernedest nat \u00feou in grek whan \u00feou were \u021donge\n\u00feat in \u00fee entre or in \u00fee seler of Iuppiter \u00feer ben couched two tunnes.\n\u00feat on is ful of good \u00feat o\u00feer is ful of harme. \u00b6\u00a0What ry\u021dt hast \u00feou to\npleyne. yif \u00feou hast taken more plenteuously of \u00fee goode syde \u00feat is to\nseyne of my rycchesse {and} p{ro}sp{er}ites. {and} what eke. yif I be\nnat departed fro \u00fee. What eke. yif my mutabilitee \u021diue\u00fe \u00fee ry\u021dtful cause\nof hope to han \u021dit better \u00fei{n}ges. \u00b6\u00a0Na\u00feeles desmaie \u00fee nat in \u00fei\n\u00feou\u021dt. and \u00fe{o}u \u00feat art put in comune realme of alle: ne desijr[e] nat\nto lyue by \u00feine oonly p{ro}pre ry\u021dt.\n\n\nSI Q{UA}NTAS RAPIDIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [the secu{n}de met{ur}.]]\n\n++\u00deOu\u021d plentee \u00feat is goddesse of rycches hielde adou{n} wi\u00fe ful horn.\n{and} wi\u00fedrawe\u00fe nat hir hand. \u00b6\u00a0As many recches as \u00fee see turne\u00fe\nvpwardes sandes whan it is moeued wi\u00fe rauysshing blastes. or ellys as\nmany rycches as \u00feer shynen bry\u021dt[e] sterres on heuene on \u00fee sterry ny\u021dt.\n\u021cit for al \u00feat mankynde nolde not cesce to wope wrecched[e] pleyntes.\n\u00b6\u00a0And al be it so \u00feat god receyue\u00fe gladly her p{ra}yers {and} \u021deue\u00fe hem\nas ful large muche golde {and} app{ar}aile\u00fe coueytous folk wi\u00fe noble or\nclere hono{ur}s. \u021dit seme\u00fe hem haue I-gete no\u00feing. but alwey her cruel\nravyne deuourynge al \u00feat \u00feei han geten shewi\u00fe o\u00feer gapinges. \u00feat is to\nseye gapen {and} desiren \u021dit after moo rycchesse. \u00b6\u00a0What brideles my\u021dten\nwi\u00feholde to any certeyne ende \u00fee desordene coueitise of men \u00b6\u00a0Whan euere\n\u00fee ra\u00feer \u00fe{a}t it fleti\u00fe in large \u021diftis: \u00fee more ay brenne\u00fe in hem \u00fee\n\u00ferest of hauyng. \u00b6\u00a0Certis he \u00feat quakyng {and} dredeful wene\u00fe hym seluen\nnedy. he ne lyue\u00fe neu{er}e mo ryche.\n\n\nHIIS IGITUR SI PRO SE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The thrydde p{ro}se.]]\n\n++\u00deerfore yif \u00feat fortune spake wi\u00fe \u00fee for hir self in \u00feis manere. For\nso\u00fee \u00feou ne haddest [nat] what \u00feou my\u021dtest answere. and if \u00feou hast any\n\u00fei{n}g wherwi\u00fe. \u00feou mayist ry\u021dtfully tellen \u00fei co{m}pleynt. \u00b6\u00a0It byhoue\u00fe\n\u00fee to shewen it. {and} .I. wol \u021deue \u00fee space to tellen it. \u00b6\u00a0Certeynely\nq{uod} I \u00fean \u00feise ben faire \u00feinges {and} enoyntid wi\u00fe hony swetnesse of\nrethorike {and} musike. {and} only while \u00feei ben herd \u00feei ben\ndeliciouse. \u00b6\u00a0But to wrecches is a deppere felyng of harme. \u00feis is to\nseyn \u00feat wrecches felen \u00fee harmes \u00feat \u00feei suffren more greuously \u00fean \u00fee\nremedies or \u00fee delites of \u00feise wordes mowe gladen or comforten hem. so\n\u00feat whan \u00feise \u00feinges stynten forto sou{n}[e] in eres. \u00fee sorwe \u00feat is\ninset greue\u00fe \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt. Ry\u021dt so is it q{uod} she. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feise ne ben \u021dit\nnone remedies of \u00fei maladie. but \u00feei ben a manere norissinges of \u00fei\nsorwe \u021dit rebel a\u021deyne \u00fei curac{i}ou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0For whan \u00feat tyme is. I\u00a0shal\nmoue swiche \u00feinges \u00feat p{er}cen hem self depe. \u00b6\u00a0But na\u00feeles \u00fe{a}t \u00feou\nshalt not wilne to leten \u00fei self a wrecche. \u00b6\u00a0Hast \u00feou for\u021deten \u00fee\nnou{m}bre {and} \u00fee manere of \u00fei welefulnesse. I\u00a0holde me stille how \u00feat\n\u00fee souerayn men of \u00fee Citee toke{n} \u00fee in cure {and} kepynge whan \u00feou\nwere orphelyn of fadir {and} modir. {and} were chosen i{n} affinite of\np{r}inces of \u00fee Citee. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feou bygu{n}ne ra\u00feer to ben leef {and} deere\n\u00fean0 forto ben a ney\u021dbo{ur}. \u00fee whiche \u00feing is \u00fee most p{re}ciouse kynde\nof any p{ro}pinquitee or aliau{n}ce \u00feat may ben. \u00b6\u00a0Who is it \u00feat ne\nseide \u00feou nere ry\u021dt weleful wi\u00fe so grete a nobley of \u00fei fadres in lawe.\n\u00b6\u00a0{And} wi\u00fe \u00fee chastite of \u00fei wijf. {and} wi\u00fe \u00fee oportunite {and}\nnoblesse of \u00fei masculyn children. \u00feat is to seyne \u00fei sones {and} ou{er}\nal \u00feis me lyst to passe of comune \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0How \u00feou haddest in \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt\ndignitees \u00feat weren warned to olde men. but it delite\u00fe me to comen now\nto \u00fee singuler vphepyng of \u00fei welefulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0Yif any fruyt of mortal\n\u00feinges may han any wey\u021dte or price of welefulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0My\u021dtest \u00feou euere\nfor\u021deten for any charge of harme \u00feat my\u021dt[e] byfallen. \u00fee remembrau{n}ce\nof \u00feilke day \u00feat \u00feou sey[e] \u00fei two sones maked conseillers. {and} ylad\nto gidre from \u00fein house vndir so gret assemble of senatours. {and} vndir\n\u00fee bly\u00feenesse of poeple. {and} whan \u00feou say[e] hem sette in \u00fee court in\nher chaieres of dignites. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou rethorien or p{ro}nou{n}cere of kynges\np{re}ysinges. deseruedest glorie of wit {and} of eloquence. whan \u00feou\nsittyng bytwix \u00fei two sones conseillers in \u00fee place \u00feat hy\u021dt Circo.\n{and} fulfildest \u00fee abydyng of multitude of poeple \u00feat was sprad about\n\u00fee wi\u00fe large p{ra}ysynge {and} laude as me{n} syngen in victories. \u00feo\n\u021daue \u00feou wordes of fortune as I trowe. \u00feat is to seyne. \u00feo feffedest \u00feou\nfortune wi\u00fe glosynge wordes {and} desseiuedest hir. whan she accoied[e]\n\u00fee {and} norsshed[e] \u00fee as hir owen delices. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou hast had of fortune a\n\u021difte \u00feat is to seyn swiche gerdou{n} \u00feat she neu[er]e \u021daf to p{re}ue\nman \u00b6\u00a0Wilt \u00feou \u00feerfore leye a rekenyng wi\u00fe fortune. she ha\u00fe now\ntwynkeled first vpon \u00fee wi\u00fe a wykked eye. \u00b6\u00a0Yif \u00feou considere \u00fee\nnou{m}bre {and} \u00fee manere of \u00fei blysses. {and} of \u00fei sorwes. \u00feou maist\nnat forsake \u00feat \u00feou nart \u021dit blysful. For if \u00feou \u00feerfore wenest \u00fei self\nnat weleful for \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feo semeden ioyful ben passed. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deer nis nat\nwhi \u00feou sholdest wene \u00fei self a wrecche. for \u00feinges \u00feat now semen soory\npassen also. \u00b6\u00a0Art \u00feou now comen firste a sodeyne gest in to \u00fee shadowe\nor tabernacle of \u00feis lijf. or trowest \u00feou \u00fe{a}t any stedfastnesse be in\nmannis \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0Whan ofte a swifte houre dissolue\u00fe \u00fee same man. \u00feat is\nto seyne whan \u00fee soule dep{ar}ti\u00fe fro \u00fee body. For al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat yelde is\n\u00feer any fei\u00fe \u00feat fortunous \u00feinges willen dwelle. \u021dit na\u00feeles \u00fee last[e]\nday of a ma{n}nis lijf is a man{er}e dee\u00fe to fortune. {and} also to\n\u00feilke \u00feat ha\u00fe dwelt. {and} \u00feerfore what wenist \u00feou \u00fear recche yif \u00feou\nforlete hir i{n} dey{n}ge or ellys \u00fe{a}t she fortune forlete \u00fee i{n}\nfleenge awey.\n\n\nCUM PRIMO POLO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .iij. Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Whan phebus \u00fee sonne bygynne\u00fe to spreden his clerenesse w{i}t{h}\nrosene chariettes. \u00fean \u00fee sterre ydimmyd pale\u00fe hir white cheres. by \u00fee\nflamus of \u00fee so{n}ne \u00feat ouer come\u00fe \u00fee sterre ly\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deis is to seyn\nwhan \u00fee sonne is risen \u00fee day sterre wexi\u00fe pale {and} lesi\u00fe hir ly\u021dt for\n\u00fee grete bry\u021dtnesse of \u00fee sonne. \u00b6\u00a0Whan \u00fee wode wexe\u00fe redy of rosene\nfloures in \u00fee first somer sesou{n} \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee bre\u00fee of \u00fee wynde Zephirus\n\u00feat wexe\u00fe warme. \u00b6\u00a0Yif \u00fee cloudy wynde auster blowe felliche. \u00fean go\u00fe\nawey \u00fee fayrnesse of \u00feornes. Ofte \u00fee see is clere {and} calme wi\u00feoute\nmoeuy{n}g floodes. And ofte \u00fee horrible wynde aq{u}ilon moeue\u00fe boylyng\ntempestes {and} ouer whelwe\u00fe \u00fee see. \u00b6\u00a0Yif \u00fee forme of \u00feis worlde is so\n[\u021deelde] stable. {and} yif it to{ur}ni\u00fe by so many entrechau{n}gynges.\nwilt \u00feou \u00fea{n} truste{n} in \u00fee trublynge fortunes of me{n}. wilt \u00feou\ntrowen i{n} flittyng goodes. It is certeyne {and} establissed by lawe\np{er}durable \u00feat no \u00fei{n}g \u00fe{a}t is engendred nys stedfast no stable.\n\n\nTUNC EGO UERA INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe prose.]]\n\n++\u00deAnne seide I \u00feus. O norice of alle uertues \u00feou seist ful so\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0Ne I\nmay nat forsake \u00fee ry\u021dt[e] swifte cours of my p{ro}speritee. \u00feat is to\nseine. \u00feat p{ro}speritee ne be comen to me wondir swiftly {and} soone.\nbut \u00feis is a \u00feing \u00feat gretly smerti\u00fe me whan it remembre\u00fe me. \u00b6\u00a0For in\nalle aduersitees of fortune \u00fee most vnsely kynde of contrariouse fortune\nis to han ben weleful. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00feat \u00feou q{uo}d she abaist \u00feus \u00fee to{ur}ment\nof \u00fei fals[e] opiniou{n} \u00feat maist \u00feou not ry\u021dtfully blamen ne aretten\nto \u00feinges. as who sei\u00fe for \u00feou hast \u021ditte many habundaunces of \u00feinges.\n\u00b6\u00a0_Textus._ For al be it so \u00feat \u00fee ydel name of auenterouse welefulnesse\nmoeue\u00fe \u00fee now. it is leueful \u00feat \u00feou rekene w{i}t{h} me of how many[e]\n\u00feinges \u00feou hast \u021dit plentee. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feerfore yif \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat \u00feou\nhaddest for most p{re}cious in alle \u00fei rycchesse of fortune be kept to\n\u00fee by \u00fee grace of god vnwemmed {and} vndefouled. Mayst \u00feou \u00fea{n} pleyne\nry\u021dtfully vpon \u00fee myschief of fortune. syn \u00feou hast \u021dit \u00fei best[e]\n\u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u021dit lyue\u00fe in goode poynt \u00feilke p{re}cious hono{ur} of\nmankynde.\u00b6\u00a0Symacus \u00fei wyues fadir whiche \u00feat is a man maked al of\nsapience {and} of vertue. \u00fee whiche man \u00feou woldest b[i]en redely wi\u00fe \u00fee\npris of \u00fein owen lijf. he byweyle\u00fe \u00fee wronges \u00feat men don to \u00feee. {and}\nnot for hym self. for he liue\u00fe in sykernesse of any sentence put a\u021deins\nhim. \u00b6\u00a0And \u021dit lyue\u00fe \u00fei wif \u00feat is attempre of witte {and} passyng o\u00feer\nwomen in clennes of chastitee. and for I wol closen shortly her bountes\nshe is lyke to hir fadir. I\u00a0telle \u00fee welle \u00feat she lyue\u00fe loo\u00fe of hir\nlife. {and} kepi\u00fe to \u00feee oonly hir goost. {and} is al maat {and}\nouer-comen by wepyng {and} sorwe for desire of \u00fee \u00b6\u00a0In \u00fee whiche \u00feing\nonly I mot graunten \u00feat \u00fei welefulnesse is amenused. \u00b6\u00a0What shal I seyn\neke of \u00fei two sones conseillours of whiche as of children of hir age \u00feer\nshine\u00fe \u00fee lyknesse of \u00fee witte of hir fadir {and} of hir eldefadir. and\nsi\u00feen \u00fee souereyn cure of alle mortel folke is to sauen hir owe{n}\nlyues. \u00b6\u00a0O how weleful art \u00feou \u00feou\u021d \u00feou knowe \u00fei goodes. \u00b6\u00a0But \u021ditte ben\n\u00feer \u00feinges dwelly{n}g to \u00fee wardes \u00feat no man doute\u00fe \u00feat \u00feei ne ben more\nderwor\u00fee to \u00fee \u00feen \u00feine owen lijf. \u00b6\u00a0And for\u00fei drie \u00fei teres for \u021ditte\nnys nat eueriche fortune al hateful to \u00fee warde. ne ou{er} greet tempest\nha\u00fe nat \u021dit fallen vpon \u00fee. whan \u00feat \u00fein ancres cliue fast[e] \u00feat nei\u00feer\nwole suffre \u00fee comfort of \u00feis tyme p{re}sent. ne \u00fee hope of tyme comynge\nto passen ne to falle{n}. \u00b6\u00a0And I p{re}ie q{uod} I \u00feat fast[e] mot[en]\n\u00feei holden. \u00b6\u00a0For whiles \u00feat \u00feei halden. how so eu{er}e \u00feat \u00feinges ben.\nI\u00a0shal wel fleten fur\u00fee and eschapen. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00feou mayst wel seen how\ngreet[e] apparailes {and} aray \u00feat me lakke\u00fe \u00feat ben passed awey fro me.\n\u00b6\u00a0I haue su{m}what auau{n}ced {and} for\u00feered \u00fee q{uod} she. if \u00feat \u00feou\nanoie nat or for\u00feenke nat of al \u00fei fortune. As who sei\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0I haue\nsomwhat comforted \u00fee so \u00feat \u00feou tempest nat \u00fee \u00feus wi\u00fe al \u00fei fortune.\nsyn \u00feou hast \u021dit \u00fei best[e] \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0But I may nat suffre \u00fein delices.\n\u00feat pleinst so wepyng. {and} anguissous for \u00feat o\u00feer lakke\u00fe somwhat to\n\u00fei welefulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0For what man is so sad or of so p{er}fit\nwelefulnesse. \u00feat he ne stryue\u00fe or pleyne\u00fe on some half a\u021deine \u00fee\nqualitee of his estat. \u00b6\u00a0For whi ful anguissous \u00feing is \u00fee condiciou{n}\nof mans goodes. \u00b6\u00a0For ey\u00feer it come\u00fe al to gidre to a wy\u021dt. or ellys it\nlaste\u00fe not p{er}petuely. \u00b6\u00a0For som man ha\u00fe grete rycchesse. but he is\nasshamed of hys vngentil lynage. {and} som man is renomed of noblesse of\nkynrede. but he is enclosed in so grete angre for nede of \u00feinges. \u00feat\nhym were leuer \u00feat he were vnknowe. and som ma{n} habunde\u00fe bo\u00fee i{n}\nrychesse {and} noblesse. but \u021dit he bywaile\u00fe hys chast[e] lijf. for he\nha\u00fe no wijf. \u00b6\u00a0and som man is wel {and} selily maried but he ha\u00fe no\nchildren. {and} norisshe\u00fe his ricchesse to \u00fee heires of straunge folk.\n\u00b6\u00a0And som man is gladded wi\u00fe children. but he wepi\u00fe ful sory for \u00fee\ntrespas of his son or of his dou\u021dtir. \u00b6\u00a0and for \u00feis \u00feer accorde\u00fe no wy\u021dt\nly\u021dtly to \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} of his fortune. for alwey to euery man \u00feere\nis i{n} mest somwhat \u00feat vnassaie\u00fe he ne wot not or ellys he dredi\u00fe \u00feat\nhe ha\u00fe assaied. \u00b6\u00a0{And} adde \u00feis also \u00feat euery weleful man ha\u00fe a wel\ndelicat felyng. \u00b6\u00a0So \u00feat but yif alle \u00feinges fallen at hys owen wille\nfor he inpacient or is nat vsed to han none aduersitee. an-oone he is\n\u00ferowe ado\u0169ne for euery lytel \u00feing. \u00b6\u00a0And ful lytel \u00feinges ben \u00feo \u00feat\nwi\u00fedrawen \u00fee so{m}me or \u00fee p{er}fecc{i}ou{n} of blisfulnesse fro hem \u00feat\nben most fortunat. \u00b6\u00a0How many men trowest \u00feou wolde demen hem self to\nben almost in heuene yif \u00feei my\u021dten atteyne to \u00fee leest[e] p{ar}tie of\n\u00fee remenaunt of \u00fei fortune. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deis same place \u00feat \u00feou clepist exil is\ncontre to hem \u00feat enhabiten here. {and} for\u00fei. No\u00feing wrecched. but whan\n\u00feou wenest it \u00b6\u00a0As who sei\u00fe. \u00feou\u021d \u00fei self ne no wy\u021dt ellys nys no\nwrecche but whan he wene\u00fe hym self a wrecche by reputac{i}ou{n} of his\ncorage.\n\n\nCONTRAQ{UE}.\n\n++And a\u021deinewarde al fortune is blisful to a man by \u00fee agreablete or by\n\u00fee egalite of hym \u00feat suffre\u00fe it. \u00b6\u00a0What man is \u00feat. \u00feat is so weleful\n\u00feat nolde chau{n}ge{n} his estat whan he ha\u00fe lorn pacience. \u00fee swetnesse\nof mannes welefulnesse is yspranid wi\u00fe many[e] bitternesses. \u00fee whiche\nwelefulnesse al \u00feou\u021d it seme swete {and} ioyeful to hym \u00feat vse\u00fe it. \u021dit\nmay it not be wi\u00fe-holden \u00feat it ne go\u00fe away whan it wol. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dean is it wel\nsen how wrecched is \u00fee blisfulnesse of mortel \u00feinges. \u00feat nei\u00fe{er} it\ndwelli\u00fe p{er}petuel wi\u00fe hem \u00feat euery fortune receyuen agreablely or\negaly. \u00b6\u00a0Ne it ne delite\u00fe not in al. to hem \u00feat ben anguissous. \u00b6\u00a0O ye\nmortel folkes what seke \u021de \u00fean blisfulnesse oute of \u021doure self. whiche\n\u00feat is put in \u021doure self. Erro{ur} {and} folie co{n}fou{n}de\u00fe \u021dow \u00b6\u00a0I\nshal shewe \u00fee shortly. \u00fee poynt of souereyne blisfulnesse. Is \u00feer any\n\u00feing to \u00fee more p{re}ciouse \u00fean \u00fei self \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou wilt answere nay. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dean if\nit so be \u00feat \u00feou art my\u021dty ouer \u00fei self \u00feat is to seyn by tranquillitee\nof \u00fei soule. \u00fean hast \u00feou \u00feing i{n} \u00fei power \u00feat \u00feou noldest neuer\nlesen. ne fortune may nat by-nyme it \u00fee. {and} \u00feat \u00feou mayst knowe \u00feat\nblisfulnesse [ne] may nat standen in \u00feinges \u00feat ben fortunous {and}\nte{m}perel. \u00b6\u00a0Now vndirstonde {and} gadir it to gidir \u00feus yif\nblisfulnesse be \u00fee souereyne goode of nature \u00feat liue\u00fe by resou{n} \u00b6\u00a0Ne\n\u00feilke \u00feing nis nat souereyne goode \u00feat may be taken awey in any wyse.\nfor more wor\u00fei \u00feing {and} more digne is \u00feilke \u00feing \u00fe{a}t may nat be\ntaken awey. \u00b6\u00a0\u00dean shewi\u00fe it wele \u00feat \u00fee vnstablenesse of fortune may nat\nattayne to receyue verray blisfulnes. \u00b6\u00a0And \u021dit more ouer. \u00b6\u00a0What man\n\u00feat \u00feis toumblyng welefulnesse leedi\u00fe. ei\u00feer he woot \u00feat [it] is\nchaungeable. or ellis he woot it nat. \u00b6\u00a0And yif he woot it not. what\nblisful fortune may \u00feer be in \u00fee blyndenesse of ignorau{n}ce. and yif he\nwoot \u00feat it is chaungeable. he mot alwey ben adrad \u00fe{a}t he ne lese \u00feat\n\u00feing. \u00feat he ne doute\u00fe nat but \u00feat he may leesen it. \u00b6\u00a0As whoo sei\u00fe he\nmot ben alwey agast lest he leese \u00feat he wot wel he may leese. \u00b6\u00a0For\nwhiche \u00fee continuel drede \u00feat he ha\u00fe ne suffri\u00fe hym nat to ben weleful.\n\u00b6\u00a0Or ellys yif he leese it he wene to be dispised {and} forleten hit.\n\u00b6\u00a0Certis eke \u00feat is a ful lytel goode \u00feat is born wi\u00fe euene hert[e] whan\nit is loost. \u00b6\u00a0\u00deat is to seyne \u00feat men don no more force. of \u00fee lost \u00fean\nof \u00fee hauynge. \u00b6\u00a0And for as myche as \u00feou \u00fei self art he to who{m} it ha\u00fe\nben shewid {and} p{ro}ued by ful many[e] demonstrac{i}ou{n}s. as I woot\nwel \u00feat \u00fee soules of men ne mowen nat dien in no wise. and eke syn it is\nclere. {and} certeyne \u00feat fortunous welefulnesse endi\u00fe by \u00fee dee\u00fe of \u00fee\nbody. \u00b6\u00a0It may nat ben douted \u00feat yif \u00feat dee\u00fe may take awey\nblysfulnesse \u00feat al \u00fee kynde of mortal \u00fei{n}g{us} ne descendi\u00fe in to\nwrecchednesse by \u00fee ende of \u00fee dee\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0And syn we knowen wel \u00feat many a\nman ha\u00fe sou\u021dt \u00fee fruit of blisfulnesse nat only wi\u00fe suffryng of dee\u00fe.\nbut eke wi\u00fe suffryng of peynes {and} to{ur}mentes. how my\u021dt[e] \u00fean \u00feis\np{re}sent lijf make men blisful. syn \u00feat whanne \u00feilke self[e] lijf is\nendid. it ne make\u00fe folk no wrecches.\n\n\nQUISQUIS UOLET P{ER}HENNEM CAUTUS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe met{ur}.]]\n\n++What maner man stable {and} war \u00feat wil founden hym a p{er}durable\nsete {and} ne wil not be cast doune wi\u00fe \u00fee loude blastes of \u00fee wynde\nEurus. {and} wil dispise \u00fee see manassynge wi\u00fe floodes \u00b6\u00a0Lat hym eschewe\nto bilde on \u00fee cop of \u00fee mou{n}tay{n}gne. or in \u00fee moyste sandes. \u00b6\u00a0For\n\u00fee fel[le] wynde auster to{ur}mente\u00fe \u00fee cop of \u00fee mou{n}tayngne wi\u00fe alle\nhis streng\u00fees. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00fee lowe see sandes refuse to beren \u00fee heuy wey\u021dte.\n{and} for\u00fei yif \u00feou wolt flee \u00fee p{er}ilous auenture \u00feat is to seine of\n\u00fee worlde \u00b6\u00a0Haue mynde certeynly to ficchyn \u00fei house of a myrie site in\na lowe stoone. \u00b6\u00a0For al \u00feou\u021d \u00fee wynde troublyng \u00fee see \u00feondre wi\u00fe\nouere\u00ferowynges \u00b6\u00a0\u00deou \u00feat art put i{n} quiete {and} welful by streng\u00fee of\n\u00fei palys shalt leden a cleer age. scornyng \u00fee wodenesses and \u00fee Ires of\n\u00fee eir.\n\n\nSET CUM RACIONU{M} IAM IN TE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n++But for as moche as \u00fee noryssinges of my resou{n}s descenden now in to\n\u00fee. I\u00a0trowe it were tyme to vsen a litel strenger medicynes. \u00b6\u00a0Now\nvndirstonde here al were it so \u00feat \u00fee \u021diftis of fortune nar[e] nat\nbrutel ne t{ra}nsitorie. what is \u00feer in hem \u00feat may be \u00feine in any tyme.\nor ellis \u00feat it nys foule if \u00feat it be considered {and} lokid\np{er}fitely. \u00b6\u00a0Richesse ben \u00feei p{re}ciouse by \u00fee nature of hem self. or\nellys by \u00fee nature of \u00fee. What is most wor\u00fei of rycchesse. is it nat\ngolde or my\u021dt of moneye assembled. \u00b6\u00a0Certis \u00feilke golde {and} \u00feilke\nmoneye shine\u00fe {and} \u021deue\u00fe better renou{n} to hem \u00feat dispenden it. \u00feen\nto \u00feilke folke \u00feat mokeren it. For auarice make\u00fe alwey mokeres to be\nhated. {and} largesse make\u00fe folke clere of renou{n} \u00b6\u00a0For syn \u00feat swiche\n\u00fei{n}g as is t{ra}nsfered from o man to an o\u00feer ne may nat dwellen wi\u00fe\nno man. Certis \u00fean is \u00feilke moneye p{re}cious. whan it is translated in\nto o\u00feer folk. {and} stynte\u00fe to ben had by vsage of large \u021deuy{n}g of hym\n\u00feat ha\u00fe \u021deuen it. {and} also yif al \u00fee moneye \u00feat is ouer-al in \u00fee world\nwere gadered towar[d] o man. it sholde maken al o\u00feer men to ben nedy as\nof \u00feat. \u00b6\u00a0And certys a voys al hool \u00feat is to seyn wi\u00fe-oute amenusynge\nfulfille\u00fe to gyder \u00fee heryng of myche folke. but Certys \u021doure rycchesse\nne mowen nat passen vnto myche folk wi\u00fe-oute amenussyng \u00b6\u00a0And whan \u00feei\nben apassed. nedys \u00feei maken hem pore \u00feat forgon \u00fee rycchesses. \u00b6\u00a0O\nstreite {and} nedy clepe I \u00feise rycchesses. syn \u00feat many folke [ne] may\nnat han it al. ne al may it nat comen to on man wi\u00fe-oute pouerte of al\no\u00feer folke. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00fee shynynge of ge{m}mes \u00feat I clepe p{re}ciouse\nstones. drawe\u00fe it nat \u00fee eyen of folk in to hem warde. \u00feat is to seyne\nfor \u00fee beaute. \u00b6\u00a0For certys yif \u00feer were beaute or bounte in shynyng of\nstones. \u00feilke clerenesse is of \u00fee stones hem self. {and} nat of men.\n\u00b6\u00a0For whiche I wondre gretly \u00feat men merueilen on swiche \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0For\nwhi what \u00feing is it \u00feat yif it wa{n}te\u00fe moeuyng {and} ioynture of soule\n{and} body \u00feat by ry\u021dt my\u021dt[e] semen a faire creature to hym \u00feat ha\u00fe a\nsoule of resou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0For al be it so \u00feat ge{m}mes drawen to hem self a\nlitel of \u00fee laste beaute of \u00fee worlde. \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee entent of hir creato{ur}\n{and} \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee distincc{i}ou{n} of hem self. \u021dit for as myche as \u00feei ben\nput vndir \u021doure excellence. \u00feei han not desserued by no weye \u00feat \u021de\nshullen merueylen on hem. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00fee beaute of feeldes delite\u00fe it nat\nmychel vnto \u021dow. _Boyce._ \u00b6\u00a0Whi sholde it nat deliten vs. syn \u00feat it is\na ry\u021dt fayr porciou{n} of \u00fee ry\u021dt fair werk. \u00feat is to seyn of \u00feis\nworlde. \u00b6\u00a0And ry\u021dt so ben we gladed somtyme of \u00fee face of \u00fee see whan it\nis clere. And also merueylen we on \u00fee heuene {and} on \u00fee sterres. {and}\non \u00fee sonne. {and} on \u00fee mone. _Philosophie._ \u00b6\u00a0App{er}teine\u00fe q{uo}d she\nany of \u00feilke \u00feinges to \u00fee. whi darst \u00feou glorifie \u00fee in \u00fee shynynge of\nany swiche \u00feinges. Art \u00feou distingwed {and} embelised by \u00fee spryngyng\nfloures of \u00fee first somer sesou{n}. or swelli\u00fe \u00fei plente in fruytes of\nsomer. whi art \u00feou rauyshed wi\u00fe ydel ioies. why enbracest \u00feou straunge\ngoodes as \u00feei weren \u00feine. Fortune shal neuer maken \u00feat swiche \u00feinges ben\n\u00feine \u00feat nature of \u00feinges maked foreyne fro \u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0Syche is \u00feat\nwi\u00fe-oute{n} doute \u00fee fruytes of \u00fee er\u00fee owen to ben on \u00fee norssinge of\nbestes. \u00b6\u00a0And if \u00feou wilt fulfille \u00fei nede after \u00feat it suffise\u00fe to\nnature \u00fean is it no nede \u00feat \u00feou seke after \u00fee sup{er}fluite of fortune.\n\u00b6\u00a0For wi\u00fe ful fewe \u00feinges {and} w{i}t{h} ful lytel \u00feing nature halt hire\nappaied. {and} yif \u00feou wilt achoken \u00fee fulfillyng of nat{ur}e wi\u00fe\nsup{er}fluites \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00fe{a}t \u00feou wilt \u00feresten or pouren in\nto nature shullen ben vnioyeful to \u00fee or ellis anoies. \u00b6\u00a0Wenest \u00feou eke\n\u00feat it be a fair \u00feinge to shine wi\u00fe dyuerse clo\u00feing. of whiche clo\u00feing\nyif \u00fee beaute be agreable to loken vpon. I\u00a0wol merueylen on \u00fee nature of\n\u00fee matere of \u00feilke clo\u00fees. or ellys on \u00fee werkeman \u00feat wrou\u021dt[e] hem.\nbut al so a longe route of meyne. maki\u00fe \u00feat a blisful man. \u00fee whiche\nseruauntes yif \u00feei ben vicio\u0169s of condic{i}ou{n}s it is a greet charge\n{and} a destrucc{i}ou{n} to \u00fee house. {and} a g{r}eet enmye to \u00fee lorde\nhym self \u00b6\u00a0{And} yif \u00feei ben goode men how shal straung[e] or foreyne\ngoodenes ben put in \u00fee nou{m}bre of \u00fei rycchesse. so \u00fe{a}t by alle \u00feise\nforseide \u00feinges. it is clerly shewed \u00feat neuer none of \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat\n\u00feou accou{m}ptedest for \u00fein goodes nas nat \u00fei goode. \u00b6\u00a0In \u00fee whiche\n\u00feinges yif \u00feer be no beaute to ben desired. whi sholdest \u00feou be sory yif\n\u00feou leese hem. or whi sholdest \u00feou reioysen \u00fee to holden hem. \u00b6\u00a0For if\n\u00feei ben fair of hire owen kynde. what app{er}tene\u00fe \u00feat to \u00fee. for as wel\nsholde \u00feei han ben faire by hem self. \u00feou\u021d \u00feei were{n} dep{ar}tid from\nalle \u00fein rycchesse. \u00b6\u00a0For-why faire ne p{re}cio\u0169s ne weren \u00feei nat. for\n\u00feat \u00feei comen amonges \u00fei rycchesse. but for \u00feei semeden fair {and}\np{re}cious. \u00feerfore \u00feou haddest leuer rekene hem amonges \u00fei rycchesse.\nbut what desirest \u00feou of fortune wi\u00fe so greet a noyse {and} wi\u00fe so greet\na fare \u00b6\u00a0I trowe \u00feou seke to dryue awey nede wi\u00fe habundaunce of \u00feinges.\n\u00b6\u00a0But certys it turne\u00fe to \u021dow al in \u00fee contrarie. for whi certys it\nnedi\u00fe of ful many[e] helpynges to kepen \u00fee dyuersite of preciouse\nostelment\u021d. and so\u00fee it is \u00feat of many[e] \u00feinges han \u00feei nede \u00feat\nmany[e] \u00feinges han. {and} a\u021deyneward of litel nedi\u00fe hem \u00feat mesuren hir\nfille after \u00fee nede of kynde {and} nat after \u00fee outrage of couetyse \u00b6\u00a0Is\nit \u00fean so \u00feat ye men ne han no p{ro}pre goode. I-set in \u021dow. For whiche\n\u021de moten seken outwardes \u021doure goodes in foreine {and} subgit \u00feinges.\n\u00b6\u00a0So is \u00fean \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} of \u00feinges turned vpso dou{n}. \u00feat a man\n\u00feat is a devyne beest by merit of hys resou{n}. \u00feinke\u00fe \u00feat hy{m} self\nnys ney\u00feer fair ne noble. but if it be \u00feoru\u021d possessiou{n} of\nostelmentes. \u00feat ne han no soules. \u00b6\u00a0And certys al o\u00fe{er} \u00fei{n}ges ben\nappaied of hire owen beautes. but \u021de men \u00feat ben semblable to god by\n\u021dour{e} resonable \u00feou\u021dt desiren to apparaille \u021dour{e} excellent kynde of\n\u00fee lowest[e] pinges. ne \u021de ne vndirstonde nat how gret a wro{n}g \u021de don\nto \u021doure creato{ur}. for he wolde \u00feat man kynde were moost wor\u00fei {and}\nnoble of any o\u00feer er\u00feely \u00feinges. and \u021de \u00feresten adou{n} \u021doure dignitees\nby-ne\u00feen \u00fee lowest[e] \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0For if \u00feat al \u00fee good of euery \u00feing be\nmore p{re}ciouse \u00fean is \u00feilk \u00feing whos \u00feat \u00fee good is. syn \u021de demen \u00feat\n\u00fee foulest[e] \u00feinges ben \u021doure goodes. \u00feanne summytten \u021de {and} putten\n\u021doure self vndir \u00feo foulest[e] \u00feinges by \u021doure estimac{i}ou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0And\ncertis \u00feis bitidi\u00fe nat wi\u00fe out \u021dour{e} desert. For certys swiche is \u00fee\nco{n}dic{i}ou{n} of al man kynde \u00feat oonly whan it ha\u00fe knowyng of it\nself. \u00fean passe\u00fe it i{n} noblesse alle o\u00feer \u00feinges. and whan it forleti\u00fe\n\u00fee knowyng of it self. \u00fean it is brou\u021dt byne\u00feen alle beestes. \u00b6\u00a0For-why\nalle o\u00feer [leuynge] beestes han of kynde to knowe not hem self. but whan\n\u00feat men leten \u00fee knowyng of hem self. it come\u00fe hem of vice. but how\nbrode shewe\u00fe \u00fee erro{ur} {and} \u00fee folie of \u021dow men \u00feat wenen \u00feat ony\n\u00feing may ben apparailled wi\u00fe straunge apparaillement\u021d \u00b6\u00a0but for-so\u00fee \u00feat\nmay nat be don. for yif a wy\u021dt shyne\u00fe wi\u00fe \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat ben put to hym.\nas \u00feus. yif \u00feilke \u00feinges shynen wi\u00fe whiche a man is apparailled.\n\u00b6\u00a0Certis \u00feilke \u00feinges ben commendid {and} p{re}ised wi\u00fe whiche he is\napparailled. \u00b6\u00a0But na\u00feeles \u00fee \u00feing \u00feat is couered {and} wrapped vndir\n\u00feat dwelle\u00fe in his fil\u00fee. and I denye \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing be good \u00feat anoye\u00fe\nhym \u00feat ha\u00fe it. \u00b6\u00a0Gabbe I of \u00feis. \u00feou wolt seye nay. \u00b6\u00a0Certys rycchesse\nhan anoyed ful ofte hem \u00feat han \u00fee rycchesse. \u00b6\u00a0Syn \u00feat euery wicked\nshrew {and} for hys wickednesse \u00fee more gredy aftir o\u00feer folkes\nrycchesse wher so euer it be in any place. be it golde or p{re}cious\nstones. {and} weni\u00fe hym only most wor\u00fei \u00feat ha\u00fe hem \u00b6\u00a0\u00feou \u00fean \u00feat so\nbesy dredest now \u00fee swerde {and} \u00fee spere. yif \u00feou haddest entred in \u00fee\npa\u00fee of \u00feis lijf a voide wayfaryng man. \u00fean woldest \u00feou syng[e] by-fore\n\u00fee \u00feeef. \u00b6\u00a0As who sei\u00fe a poure man \u00feat bere\u00fe no rycchesse on hym by \u00fee\nweye. may boldly syng[e] byforne \u00feeues. for he ha\u00fe nat wher-of to ben\nrobbed. \u00b6\u00a0O preciouse {and} ry\u021dt clere is \u00fee blysfulnesse of mortal\nrycchesse. \u00feat wha{n} \u00feou hast geten it. \u00fean hast \u00feou lorn \u00fei\nsyke[r]nesse.\n\n\nFELIX IN MIRU{M} PRIOR ETAS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe met{ur}.]]\n\n++Blysful was \u00fee first age of men. \u00feei helden hem apaied wi\u00fe \u00fee metes\n\u00feat \u00fee trewe er\u00fees brou\u021dten fur\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feei ne destroyed[e] ne desceyued[e]\nnot hem self wi\u00fe outerage. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feei weren wont ly\u021dtly to slaken her hunger\nat euene wi\u00fe acornes of okes \u00b6\u00a0\u00feei ne cou\u00fee nat medle \u00fee \u021dift of bacus\nto \u00fee clere hony. \u00feat is to seyn. \u00feei cou\u00fee make no piment of clarre. ne\n\u00feei cou\u00fee nat medle \u00fee bri\u021dt[e] flies of \u00fee co{n}tre of siriens wi\u00fe \u00fee\nvenym of tirie. \u00feis is to seyne. \u00feei cou\u00fee nat dien white flies of\nsirien contre wi\u00fe \u00fee blode of a manar shelfysshe. \u00feat men fynden in\ntyrie. wi\u00fe whiche blode men deien purper. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feei slepen holesom slepes\nvpon \u00fee gras. and dronken of \u00fee rynnyng watres. {and} laien vndir \u00fee\nshadowe of \u00fee hey\u021de pyne trees. \u00b6\u00a0Ne no gest ne no straunger [ne] karf\n\u021dit \u00fee heye see wi\u00fe oores or wi\u00fe shippes. ne \u00feei ne hadden seyne \u021ditte\nnone newe strondes to leden merchaundyse in to dyuerse co{n}tres. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feo\nweren \u00fee cruel clariou{n}s ful whist {and} ful stille. ne blode yshed by\negre hate ne hadde nat deied \u021dit armurers. for wherto or whiche\nwoodenesse of enmys wolde first moeuen armes. whan \u00feei seien cruel\nwoundes ne none medes ben of blood yshad \u00b6\u00a0I wolde \u00feat oure tymes sholde\nturne a\u021deyne to \u00fee oolde maneres. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00fee anguissous loue of hauyng\nbrenne\u00fe in folke moore cruely \u00fean \u00fee fijr of \u00fee Mou{n}taigne of Ethna\n\u00feat euer brenne\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0Allas what was he \u00feat first dalf vp \u00fee gobets or \u00fee\nwey\u021dtys of gold couered vndir er\u00fee. {and} \u00fee p{re}cious stones \u00feat\nwolden han ben hid. he dalf vp p{re}cious perils. \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat he\n\u00feat hem first vp dalf. he dalf vp a p{re}cious peril. for-whi. for \u00fee\np{re}ciousnesse of swyche ha\u00fe many man ben in peril.\n\n\nQUID AUTE{M} DE DIGNITATIB{US} {ET} C{ETERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The sixte p{ro}se.]]\n\n++But what shal I seyne of dignitees {and} of powers. \u00fee whiche [ye] men\n\u00fe{a}t nei\u00feer knowen verray dignitee ne verray power areysen hem as heye\nas \u00fee heuene. \u00fee whiche dignitees {and} powers yif \u00feei come to any\nwicked man \u00feei don [as] greet[e] damages {and} distrucc{i}ou{n} as do\u00fe\n\u00fee fla{m}me of \u00fee Mou{n}taigne Ethna whan \u00fee fla{m}me wit walwi\u00fe vp ne\nno deluge ne do\u00fe so cruel harmes. \u00b6\u00a0Certys ye remembri\u00fe wel as I trowe\n\u00feat \u00feilke dignitee \u00feat men clepi\u00fe \u00fee emperie of {con}sulers \u00fee whiche\n\u00feat somtyme was bygynnyng of fredom. \u00b6\u00a0\u021coure eldres coueiteden to han\ndon a-wey \u00feat dignitee for \u00fee p{r}ide of \u00fee conseilers. \u00b6\u00a0And ry\u021dt for\n\u00fee same p{r}ide \u021doure eldres byforne \u00feat tyme hadden don awey out of \u00fee\nCitee of rome \u00fee kynges name. \u00feat is to seien. \u00feei nolden haue no lenger\nno kyng \u00b6\u00a0But now yif so be \u00fe{a}t dignitees {and} powers ben \u021deuen to\ngoode men. \u00fee whiche \u00feing is ful \u021delde. what agreable \u00fei{n}ges is \u00feer in\n\u00feo dignitees. or powers. but only \u00fee goodenes of folk \u00feat vsen hem.\n\u00b6\u00a0And \u00feerfore it is \u00feus \u00feat hono{ur} ne come\u00fe nat to vertue for cause of\ndignite. but a\u021deinward. hono{ur} come\u00fe to dignite by cause of vertue.\nbut whiche is \u021doure derwor\u00fee power \u00feat is so clere {and} so requerable\n\u00b6\u00a0O \u021de er\u00feelyche bestes considere \u021de nat ouer whiche \u00feing \u00feat it seme\u00fe\n\u00feat \u021de han power. \u00b6\u00a0Now yif \u00feou say[e] a mouse amo{n}g{us} o\u00feer myse \u00feat\nchalenged[e] to hymself ward ry\u021dt {and} power ouer alle o\u00feer myse. how\ngret scorne woldest \u00feou han of hit. \u00b6\u00a0_Glosa._ \u00b6\u00a0So fare\u00fe it by men. \u00fee\nbody ha\u00fe power ouer \u00fee body. For yif \u00feow loke wel vpon \u00fee body of a wy\u021dt\nwhat \u00feing shalt \u00feou fynde moore frele \u00fean is mannes kynde. \u00fee whiche ben\nful ofte slayn wi\u00fe bytynge of smale flies. or ellys wi\u00fe \u00fee entryng of\ncrepyng wormes in to \u00fee priuetees of mennes bodyes. \u00b6\u00a0But wher shal men\nfynden any man \u00feat may exercen or haunten any ry\u021dt vpon an o\u00feer ma{n}\nbut oonly vpon hys body. or ellys vpo{n} \u00feinges \u00feat ben lower \u00feen \u00fee\nbody. whiche I clepe fortunous possessiou{n}s \u00b6\u00a0Mayst \u00feou euer haue any\ncomaundement ouer a fre corage \u00b6\u00a0Mayst \u00feou remuen fro \u00fee estat of hys\np{ro}pre reste. a \u00feou\u021dt \u00feat is cleuyng to gider in hym self by stedfast\nresou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0As somtyme a tiraunt wende to co{n}founde a freeman of\ncorage \u00b6\u00a0{And} wende to co{n}streyne hym by to{ur}ment to maken hym\ndyscoueren {and} acusen folk \u00feat wisten of a coniurac{i}ou{n}. whiche I\nclepe a confederacie \u00feat was cast a\u021deins \u00feis tyraunt \u00b6\u00a0But \u00feis free man\nboot of hys owen tunge. {and} cast it in \u00fee visage of \u00feilke woode\ntyrau{n}te. \u00b6\u00a0So \u00feat \u00fee to{ur}ment\u021d \u00feat \u00feis tyrau{n}t wende to han maked\nmater{e} of cruelte. \u00feis wyse man maked[e it] matere of vertues. \u00b6\u00a0But\nwhat \u00feing is it \u00feat a man may don to an o\u00feer man. \u00feat he ne may receyue\n\u00fee same \u00feing of o\u00feer folke i{n} hym self. or \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0What may a man don\nto folk. \u00feat folk ne may don hym \u00fee same. \u00b6\u00a0I haue herd told of\nbusirides \u00feat was wo{n}t to sleen hys gestes \u00feat herburghden in hys\nhous. and he was slayn hym self of ercules \u00feat was hys gest \u00b6\u00a0Regulus\nhad[de] taken in bataile many men of affrike. and cast hem in to\nfetteres. but sone after he most[e] \u021diue hys handes to ben bounden\nw{i}t{h} \u00fee cheynes of hem \u00feat he had[de] somtyme ou{er}comen. \u00b6\u00a0Wenest\n\u00feou \u00fean \u00feat he be my\u021dty. \u00feat may nat don a \u00feing. \u00feat o\u00feer ne may don\nhym. \u00feat he do\u00fe to o\u00feer. {and} \u021dit more ou{er} yif it so were \u00feat \u00feise\ndignites or poweres hadden any p{ro}pre or naturel goodnesse in hem self\nneuer nolden \u00feei comen to shrewes. \u00b6\u00a0For contrarious \u00feinges ne ben not\nwont to ben yfelawshiped togidres. \u00b6\u00a0Nature refuse\u00fe \u00feat contra[r]ious\n\u00feinges ben yioigned. \u00b6\u00a0And so as I am in certeyne \u00feat ry\u021dt wikked folk\nhan dignitees ofte tymes. \u00fean shewe\u00fe it wel \u00feat dignitees {and} powers\nne ben not goode of hir owen kynde. syn \u00feat \u00feei suffren hem self to\ncleue{n} or ioynen hem to shrewes. \u00b6\u00a0And certys \u00fee same \u00feing may most\ndigneliche Iugen {and} seyen of alle \u00fee \u021diftis of fortune \u00feat most\nplenteuously comen to shrewes. \u00b6\u00a0Of \u00fee whiche \u021diftys I trowe \u00feat it\nau\u021dt[e] ben considered \u00feat no man douti\u00fe \u00feat he nis strong. in whom he\nsee\u00fe streng\u00fee. {and} in whom \u00feat swiftnesse is \u00b6\u00a0So\u00fee it is \u00feat he is\nswyfte. Also musyk make\u00fe musiciens. {and} fysik make\u00fe phisiciens. {and}\nrethorik rethoriens. \u00b6\u00a0For whi \u00fee nature of euery \u00feing maki\u00fe his\np{ro}pretee. ne it is nat ent{er}medled wi\u00fe \u00fee effect{is} of\nco{n}trarious \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0And as of wil it chase\u00fe oute \u00feinges \u00feat to it\nben contrarie \u00b6\u00a0But certys rycchesse may nat restreyne auarice\nvnstaunched \u00b6\u00a0Ne power [ne] make\u00fe nat a ma{n} my\u021dty ouer hym self.\nwhiche \u00feat vicious lustis holden destreined wi\u00fe cheins \u00feat ne mowen nat\nben vnbounden. {and} dignitees \u00feat ben \u021deuen to shrewed[e] folk nat\noonly ne maki\u00fe hem nat digne. but it shewe\u00fe ra\u00feer al openly \u00feat \u00feei ben\nvnwor\u00fei {and} vndigne. \u00b6\u00a0And whi is it \u00fe{us}. \u00b6\u00a0Certis for \u021de han ioye\nto clepen \u00feinges wi\u00fe fals[e] names. \u00feat beren hem al in \u00fee\nco{n}t{ra}rie. \u00fee whiche names ben ful ofte reproued by \u00fee effect of \u00fee\nsame \u00feinges. so \u00feat \u00feise ilke rycchesse ne au\u021dten nat by ry\u021dt to ben\ncleped rycchesse. ne whiche power ne au\u021dt[e] not ben cleped power. ne\nwhiche dignitee ne au\u021dt[e] nat ben cleped dignitee. \u00b6\u00a0And at \u00fee laste I\nmay conclude \u00fee same \u00feinge of al \u00fee \u021diftes of fortune in whiche \u00feer nis\nno \u00feing to ben desired. ne \u00feat ha\u00fe in hym self naturel bounte. \u00b6\u00a0as it\nis ful wel sene. for ney\u00feer \u00feei ne ioygne{n} hem nat alwey to goode men.\nne maken hem alwey goode to who{m} \u00feei be{n} y-ioigned.\n\n\nNOUIMUS QUANTOS DEDERAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The sixte Met{ur}.]]\n\n++WE han wel knowen how many g{r}eet[e] harmes {and} destrucc{i}ou{n}s\nweren do\u00f1 by \u00fee Emp{er}oure Nero. \u00b6\u00a0He letee brenne \u00fee citee of Rome\n{and} made slen \u00fee senato{ur}s. and he cruel somtyme slou\u021d hys bro\u00feer.\n{and} he was maked moyst wi\u00fe \u00fee blood of hys modir. \u00feat is to seyn he\nlet sleen {and} slitte{n} \u00fee body of his modir to seen where he was\nconceiued. {and} he loked[e] on euery half vpon hir colde dede body. ne\nno tere ne wette his face. but he was so hard herted \u00feat he my\u021dt[e] ben\ndomesman or Iuge of hire dede beaute. \u00b6\u00a0And \u021ditte neuer\u00feeles gouerned[e]\n\u00feis Nero by Ceptre al \u00fee peoples \u00feat phebus \u00fee sonne may seen comyng\nfrom his outerest arysyng til he hidde his bemes vndir \u00fee wawes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat\nis to seyne. he gouerned[e] alle \u00fee peoples by Ceptre imp{er}ial \u00feat \u00fee\nso{n}ne go\u00fe aboute from est to west \u00b6\u00a0And eke \u00feis Nero goueyrende by\nCeptre. alle \u00fee peoples \u00feat ben vndir \u00fee colde sterres \u00feat hy\u021dten \u00fee\nseuene triones. \u00feis is to seyn he gouerned[e] alle \u00fee poeples \u00feat ben\nvndir \u00fee p{ar}ties of \u00fee nor\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0And eke Nero gouerned[e] alle \u00fee\npoeples \u00feat \u00fee violent wynde Nothus scorchi\u00fe {and} baki\u00fe \u00fee brennynge\nsandes by his drie hete. \u00feat is to seyne. alle \u00fee poeples in \u00fee sou\u00fee.\n[but yit ne myhte nat al his heye power torne the woodnesse of this\nwykkyd nero / Allas it is greuous fortune it is]. as ofte as wicked\nswerde is ioygned to cruel venym. \u00feat is to sein. venimous cruelte to\nlordshipe.\n\n\nTU{M} EGO SCIS INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The seuende p{ro}se.]]\n\n++\u00deAnne seide I \u00feus. \u00feou wost wel \u00feiself \u00feat \u00fee couetise of mortal\n\u00feinges ne hadden neuer lordshipe of me. but I haue wel desired matere of\n\u00feinges to done. as who sei\u00fe. I\u00a0desired[e] to han matere of gou{er}naunce\nouer comunalites. \u00b6\u00a0For vertue stille ne sholde not elden. \u00feat is to\nseyn. \u00feat list \u00feat or he wex olde \u00b6\u00a0His uertue \u00feat lay now ful stille.\nne sholde nat p{er}isshe vnexcercised i{n} gouernaunce of comune. \u00b6\u00a0For\nwhiche men my\u021dten speke or write{n} of his goode gouernement.\n\u00b6\u00a0_Philosophie._ \u00b6\u00a0For so\u00fee q{uo}d she. {and} \u00feat is a \u00feing \u00feat may\ndrawen to gouernaunce swiche hertes as ben wor\u00fei {and} noble of hir\nnature. but na\u00feeles it may nat drawen or tollen swiche hertes as ben\ny-brou\u021dt to \u00fee ful[le] p{er}fecciou{n} of vertue. \u00feat is to seyn\ncouetyse of glorie {and} renou{n} to han wel administred \u00fee comune\n\u00feinges. or doon goode decertes to p{ro}fit of \u00fee comune. for se now\n{and} considere how litel {and} how voide of al prise is \u00feilke glorie.\n\u00b6\u00a0Certeine \u00feing is as \u00feou hast lerned by demonstrac{i}ou{n} of\nastronomye \u00feat al \u00fee envyronynge of \u00fee er\u00fee aboute ne halt but \u00fee\nresou{n} of a prykke at regard of \u00fee gretnesse of heuene. \u00feat is to\nseye. \u00feat yif \u00feat \u00feer were maked co{m}parisou{n} of \u00fee er\u00fee to \u00fee\ngretnesse of heuene. men wolde Iugen in alle \u00feat er\u00fee [ne] helde no\nspace \u00b6\u00a0Of \u00fee whiche litel regiou{n} of \u00feis worlde \u00fee fer\u00fee partie is\nenhabitid wi\u00fe lyuyng beestes \u00feat we knowen. as \u00feou hast \u00fei self lerned\nby tholome \u00feat p{ro}uit\u0127 it. \u00b6\u00a0yif \u00feou haddest wi\u00fe drawen {and} abated\nin \u00fei \u00feou\u021dte fro \u00feilke fer\u00fee partie as myche space as \u00fee see {and} [the]\nmareys contenen {and} ouergon {and} as myche space as \u00fee regiou{n} of\ndroughte ou{er}strecche\u00fe. \u00feat is to seye sandes {and} desertes wel vnne\u00fe\nsholde \u00feer dwellen a ry\u021dt streite place to \u00fee habitaciou{n} of men.\n{and} \u021de \u00fean \u00feat ben environed {and} closed wi\u00fe i{n}ne \u00fee leest[e]\nprikke of \u00feilk prikke \u00feenke \u021de to manifesten \u021doure renou{n} {and} don\n\u021doure name to ben born for\u00fee. but \u021dour{e} glorie \u00feat is so narwe {and}\nso streyt y\u00feronge{n} in to so litel boundes. how myche contein\u00fee it in\nlargesse {and} in greet doynge. And also sette \u00feis \u00feer to \u00feat many a\nnac{i}ou{n} dyuerse of tonge {and} of maneres. {and} eke of resou{n} of\nhir lyuyng ben enhabitid in \u00fee cloos of \u00feilke litel habitacle. \u00b6\u00a0To \u00fee\nwhiche nac{i}ou{n}s what for difficulte of weyes. {and} what for\ndiu{er}site of langages. {and} what for defaute of vnusage\nentercomunynge of marchau{n}dise. nat only \u00fee names of singler men ne\nmay [nat] strecchen. but eke \u00fee fame of Citees ne may nat strecchen.\n\u00b6\u00a0At \u00fee last[e] Certis in \u00fee tyme of Marcus tulyus as hym self write\u00fe in\nhis book \u00feat \u00fee renou{n} of \u00fee comune of Rome ne hadde nat \u021ditte passed\nne clou{m}ben ou{er} \u00fee mou{n}taigne \u00feat hy\u021dt Caucasus. {and} \u021ditte was\n\u00feilk tyme rome wel wexen {and} gretly redouted of \u00fee p{ar}thes. and eke\nof o\u00feer folk enhabityng aboute. \u00b6\u00a0Sest \u00feou nat \u00fean how streit {and} how\ncomp{re}ssed is \u00feilke glorie \u00feat \u021de t{ra}uaile{n} aboute to shew {and}\nto multiplie. May \u00fean \u00fee glorie of a singlere Romeyne strecchen \u00feider as\n\u00fee fame of \u00fee name of Rome may nat clymben ne passen. \u00b6\u00a0And eke sest\n\u00fe{o}u nat \u00feat \u00fee maners of diu{er}se folk {and} eke hir lawes ben\ndiscordau{n}t amonge hem self. so \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat so{m}men iugen\nwor\u00fei of p{re}ysynge. o\u00feer folk iugen \u00feat it is wor\u00fei of torment. \u00b6\u00a0and\n\u00feer of come\u00fe \u00feat \u00feou\u021d a man delite hy{m} in p{re}ysyng of his renou{n}.\nhe ne may nat i{n} no wise bryngen fur\u00fee ne sprede{n} his name to many\nmanere peoples. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feerfore euery man{er} man au\u021dte to ben paied of\nhys glorie \u00feat is puplissed among hys owen ney\u021dbores. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feilke noble\nrenou{n} shal be restreyned wi\u00fe-i{n}ne \u00fee boundes of o maner folk but\nhow many a man \u00feat was ful noble in his tyme. ha\u00fe \u00fee nedy {and} wrecched\nfor\u021detynge of writers put oute of mynde {and} don awey. \u00b6\u00a0Al be it so\n\u00feat certys \u00feilke writynges p{ro}fiten litel. \u00fee whiche writy{n}ges longe\n{and} derke elde do\u00fe aweye bo\u00fee he{m} {and} eke her auto{ur}s. but \u021de\nmen semen to geten \u021dow a p{er}durablete whan \u021de \u00feenke \u00feat in tyme comyng\n\u021doure fame shal lasten. \u00b6\u00a0But na\u00feeles yif \u00feou wilt maken co{m}parisou{n}\nto \u00fee endeles space of eternite what \u00feing hast \u00feou by whiche \u00feou maist\nreioysen \u00fee of lo{n}g lastyng of \u00fei name. \u00b6\u00a0For if \u00feer were maked\nco{m}parysou{n} of \u00fee abidyng of a mome{n}t to ten \u00feousand wynter. for\nas myche as bo\u00fee \u00feo spaces ben endid. \u00b6\u00a0For \u021dit ha\u00fe \u00fee moment some\nporciou{n} of hit al \u00feou\u021d it a litel be. \u00b6\u00a0But na\u00feeles \u00feilke self\nnou{m}bre of \u021deres. and eke as many \u021deres as \u00feer to may be multiplied.\nne may nat certys be comparisou{n}d to \u00fee p{er}durablete \u00feat is\neen[de]les. \u00b6\u00a0For of \u00feinges \u00feat han ende may be mad co{m}parisou{n} [but\nof thinges that ben w{i}t{h}-owtyn ende to thinges \u00fe{a}t han ende may be\nmaked no {com}parysou{n}]. \u00b6\u00a0And for \u00fei is it al \u00feou\u021d renou{n} of as\nlonge tyme as euer \u00fee lyst to \u00feinken were \u00feou\u021dt by \u00fee regard of\net{er}nite. \u00feat is vnstauncheable {and} infinit. it ne sholde nat oonly\nsemen litel. but pleinliche ry\u021dt nou\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0But \u021de men certys ne konne don\nno \u00feing ary\u021dt. but \u021dif it be for \u00fee audience of poeple. {and} for ydel\nrumo{ur}s. {and} \u021de forsaken \u00fee grete wor\u00feinesse of conscience {and} of\nvertue. {and} \u021de seke{n} \u021doure gerdou{n}s of \u00fee smale wordes of\nst{ra}nge folke. \u00b6\u00a0Haue now here {and} vndirstonde i{n} \u00fee ly\u021dtnesse of\nwhiche p{r}ide {and} veyne glorie. how a man scorned[e] festiualy {and}\nmyrily swiche vanite. somtyme \u00feere was a man \u00feat had[de] assaied wi\u00fe\nstriuyng wordes an o\u00feer ma{n}. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee whiche nat for vsage of verrey\nvertue. but for proude veyne glorie had[de] take{n} vpon hym falsly \u00fee\nname of a philosopher. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis ra\u00feer man \u00feat I speke of \u00feou\u021dt[e] he wolde\nassay[e] where he \u00feilke were a philosopher or no. \u00feat is to seyne yif he\nwolde han suffred ly\u021dtly in pacience \u00fee wro{n}ges \u00feat weren don vnto\nhym. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis feined[e] philosophre took pacience a litel while. {and} whan\nhe hadde receiued wordes of outerage he as in stryuynge a\u021deine {and}\nreioysynge of hym self seide at \u00fee last[e] ry\u021dt \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0vndirstondest \u00feou\nnat \u00feat I am a philosophere. \u00feat o\u00feer man answered[e] a\u021dein ful bityngly\n{and} seide. \u00b6\u00a0I had[de] wel vndirstonden [yt]. yif \u00feou haddest holde{n}\n\u00fei tonge stille. \u00b6\u00a0But what is it to \u00feise noble wor\u00fei men. For certys of\nswyche folk speke .I. \u00feat seken glorie wi\u00fe vertue. what is it q{uo}d\nshe. what atteini\u00fe fame to swiche folk whan \u00fee body is resolued by \u00fee\ndee\u00fe. atte \u00fee last[e]. \u00b6\u00a0For yif so be \u00feat men dien in al. \u00feat is to\nseyne body {and} soule. \u00fee whiche \u00feing oure resou{n} defendi\u00fe vs to\nbyleuen \u00feanne is \u00feere no glorie in no wyse. For what sholde \u00feilke glorie\nben. for he of who{m} \u00feis glorie is seid to be nis ry\u021dt nou\u021dt in no\nwise. and \u021dif \u00fee soule whiche \u00feat ha\u00fe in it self science of goode werkes\nvnbounden fro \u00fee p{r}isou{n} of \u00fee er\u00fee wende\u00fe frely to \u00fee heuene.\ndispise\u00fe it nou\u021dt \u00fean alle er\u00feely occupac{i}ou{n}s. {and} beynge i{n}\nheuene reioise\u00fe \u00feat it is exempt from alle er\u00feely \u00feinges [as wo seith /\nthanne rekketh the sowle of no glorye of renou{n} of this world].\n\n\nQUICUMQ{UE} SOLAM MENTE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 7th Metre.]]\n\n++Who so \u00feat wi\u00fe ouer\u00ferowyng \u00feou\u021dt only seke\u00fe glorie of fame. {and}\nweni\u00fe \u00feat it be souereyne good \u00b6\u00a0Lete hym loke vpon \u00fee brode shewyng\ncontreys of \u00fee heue{n}. {and} vpo{n} \u00fee streite sete of \u00feis er\u00fee. {and}\nhe shal be ashamed of \u00fee encres of his name. \u00feat may nat fulfille \u00fee\nlitel compas of \u00fee er\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0O what coueiten proude folke to liften vpon\nhire nekkes in ydel {and} dedely \u021dok of \u00feis worlde. \u00b6\u00a0For al \u00feou\u021d\n[\u00fe{a}t] renoune y-spradde passynge to ferne poeples go\u00fe by dyuerse\ntonges. and al \u00feou\u021d grete houses {and} kynredes shyne wi\u00fe clere titles\nof hono{ur}s. \u021dit na\u00feeles dee\u00fe dispise\u00fe al heye glorie of fame. {and}\ndee\u00fe wrappe\u00fe to gidre \u00fee heye heuedes {and} \u00fee lowe {and} make\u00fe egal\n{and} euene \u00fee heyest[e] to \u00fee lowest[e]. \u00b6\u00a0where wone{n} now \u00fee bones\nof trewe fabricius. what is now brutus or stiern Caton \u00fee \u00feinne fame \u021dit\nlastynge of hir ydel names is markid wi\u00fe a fewe lettres. but al \u00feou\u021d we\nhan knowe{n} \u00fee faire wordes of \u00fee fames of hem. it is nat \u021deuen to\nknowe he{m} \u00feat ben dede {and} consumpt. Liggi\u00fe \u00feanne stille al vtterly\nvnknowable ne fame ne make\u00fe \u021dow nat knowe. and yif \u021de wene to lyuen \u00fee\nleng{er} for wynde of \u021doure mortal name. whan o cruel day shal rauyshe\n\u021dow. \u00fean is \u00fee secunde dee\u00fe dwellyng in \u021dow. _Glosa._ \u00fee first dee\u00fe he\nclepi\u00fe here \u00fee dep{ar}tynge of \u00fee body {and} \u00fee soule. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00fee secunde\ndee\u00fe he clepe\u00fe as here. \u00fee styntynge of \u00fee renoune of fame.\n\n\n[SET NE ME INEXORABILE CONTRA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The viij p{ro}se.]]\n\n++BVt for-as-mochel as thow shalt nat wenen q{uod} she \u00fe{a}t I bere\nvntretable batayle ayenis fortune // yit som-tyme it by-falleth \u00fe{a}t\nshe desseyuable desserueth to han ryht good thank of men // {And} \u00fe{a}t\nis whan she hir{e} self opneth / {and} whan she descou{er}eth hir frownt\n/ {and} sheweth hir maneres p{ar}-auentur{e} yit vndirstondesthow nat\n\u00fe{a}t .I. shal seye // it is a wondyr \u00fe{a}t .I. desyr{e} to telle /\n{and} forthi vnnethe may I. vnpleyten my sentense w{i}t{h} wordes for I.\ndeme \u00fe{a}t contraryos fortune p{ro}fiteth mor{e} to men than fortune\ndebonayr{e} // For al-wey whan fortune semeth debonayr{e} than she lyeth\nfalsly in by-hetynge the hope of welefulnesse // but forsothe\n{con}traryos fortune is alwey sothfast / whan she sheweth hir self\nvnstable thorw hyr chau{n}gynge // the amyable fortune desseyueth folk /\nthe contrarye fortune techeth // the amyable fortune byndeth w{i}t{h}\nthe beaute of false goodys the hertes of folk \u00fe{a}t vsen he{m} / the\ncontrarye fortune vnbyndeth he{m} by \u00fe^e knowynge of freele welefulnesse\n// the amyable fortune maysthow sen alwey wyndynge {and} flowynge /\n{and} eu{er}e mysknowynge of hir self // the contrarye fortune is\na-tempre {and} restreynyd {and} wys thorw excersyse of hir aduersyte //\nat the laste amyable fortune w{i}t{h} hir flaterynges draweth mys\nwandrynge men fro the souereyne good // the contraryos fortune ledith\nofte folk ayein to sothfast goodes / {and} haleth hem ayein as w{i}t{h}\nan hooke / weenesthow thanne \u00fe{a}t thow owhtest to leten this a lytel\nthing / \u00fe{a}t this aspre {and} horible fortune hath discoueryd to the /\nthe thowhtes of thy trewe frendes // For-why this ilke fortune hath\ndepartyd {and} vncou{er}yd to the bothe the certeyn vysages {and} ek the\ndowtos visages of thy felawes // wha{n} she dep{ar}tyd awey fro the /\nshe took awey hyr frendes {and} lafte the thyne frendes // now whan thow\nwer{e} ryche {and} weleful as the semede / w{i}t{h} how mochel\nwoldesthow han bowht the fulle knowynge of this // \u00fe{a}t is to seyn the\nknowynge of thy verray freendes // now pleyne the nat thanne of Rychesse\n.I.-lorn syn thow hast fowndyn the moste p{re}syos kynde of Rychesses\n\u00fe{a}t is to seyn thy verray frendes.\n\n\nQUOD MU{N}DUS STABILI FIDE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The viij Met{ur}.]]\n\n++THat \u00fe^e world w{i}t{h} stable feith / varieth acordable chaungynges\n// \u00fe{a}t the contraryos qualite of element\u021d holden among{e} hem self\naliau{n}ce p{er}durable / \u00fe{a}t pheb{us} the sonne w{i}t{h} his goldene\nchariet / bryngeth forth the rosene day / \u00fe{a}t the mone hath\n{com}mau{n}dement ou{er} the nyhtes // whiche nyhtes hesp{er}us the eue\nsterre hat browt // \u00fe{a}t \u00fe^e se gredy to flowen constreyneth w{i}t{h} a\ncerteyn ende hise floodes / so \u00fe{a}t it is nat l[e]ueful to strechche\nhise brode termes or bowndes vp-on the erthes // \u00fe{a}t is to seyn to\ncou{er}e alle the erthe // Al this a-cordau{n}ce of thinges is bownden\nw{i}t{h} looue / \u00fe{a}t gou{er}neth erthe {and} see / {and} hath also\n{com}mau{n}dement\u021d to the heuenes / {and} yif this looue slakede the\nbrydelis / alle thinges \u00fe{a}t now louen hem to gederes / wolden maken a\nbatayle contynuely {and} stryuen to fordoon the fasou{n} of this worlde\n/ the which they now leden in acordable feith by fayre moeuynges // this\nlooue halt to gideres poeples Ioygned w{i}t{h} an hooly bond / {and}\nknytteth sacrement of maryages of chaste looues // And loue enditeth\nlawes to trewe felawes // O weleful weer{e} mankynde / yif thilke loue\n\u00fe{a}t gouerneth heuene gouerned[e] yowr{e} corages /\n\n EXPLICIT LIB{ER} 2_^us_.\n\n\n\n\nINCIPIT LIB{ER} 3._^us_\n\n\nIAM CANTU{M} ILLA FINIERAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste p{ro}se.]]\n\n++By this she hadde endid hir{e} song{e} / whan the swetnesse of hir{e}\nditee hadde thorw p{er}ced me \u00fe{a}t was desirous of herkninge / {and}\n.I. astoned hadde yit streyhte myn Eres / \u00fe{a}t is to seyn to herkne the\nbet / what she wolde seye // so \u00fe{a}t a litel her{e} aft{er} .I. seyde\nthus // O thow \u00fe{a}t art sou{er}eyn comfort of Angwissos corages // So\nthow hast remou{n}ted {and} norysshed me w{i}t{h} the weyhte of thy\nsentenses {and} w{i}t{h} delit of thy syngynge // so \u00fe{a}t .I. trowe nat\nnow \u00fe{a}t .I. be vnparygal to the strokes of fortune / as who seyth. I.\ndar wel now suffren al the assautes of fortune {and} wel deffende me fro\nhyr // {and} tho remedies whyche \u00fe{a}t thow seydest hir{e} byforn weren\nryht sharpe Nat oonly p{a}t .I. am nat agrysen of hem now // but .I.\ndesiros of herynge axe gretely to heeren tho remedyes // than seyde she\nthus // \u00fe{a}t feelede .I. ful wel q{uod} she // whan \u00fe{a}t thow ententyf\n{and} stylle rauysshedest my wordes // {and} .I. abood til \u00fe{a}t thow\nhaddest swych habyte of thy thowght as thow hast now // or elles tyl\n\u00fe{a}t .I. my self had[de] maked to the the same habyt / which \u00fe{a}t is a\nmoore verray thing{e} // And certes the remenau{n}t of thinges \u00fe{a}t ben\nyit to seye / ben swyche // \u00fe{a}t fyrst whan men tasten hem they ben\nbytynge / but whan they ben resseyuyd w{i}t{h}-inne a whyht than ben\nthey swete // but for thow seyst \u00fe{a}t thow art so desirous to herkne\nhem // wit[h] how gret brennynge woldesthow glowen / yif thow wystest\nwhyder .I. wol leden the // whydyr{e} is \u00fe{a}t q{uod} .I. // to thilke\nverray welefulnesse q{uod} she // of whyche thynge herte dremeth // but\nfor as moche as thy syhte is ocupied {and} distorbed / by Imagynasyon of\nherthely thynges / thow mayst nat yit sen thilke selue welefulnesse //\ndo q{uod} .I. {and} shewe me / what is thilke verray welefulnesse / .I.\npreye the w{i}t{h}-howte tarynge // \u00fe{a}t wole .I. gladly don q{uod} she\n/ for the cause of the // but .I. wol fyrst marken the by wordes / {and}\nI wol enforcen me to enformen the // thilke false cause of blysfulnesse\n\u00fe{a}t thow more knowest / so \u00fe{a}t whan thow hast fully by-holden thilke\nfalse goodes {and} torned thyne eyen to \u00fe{a}t oother syde / thow mowe\nknowe the clernesse of verray blysfulnesse //]\n\n\nQUI SERERE I{N}GENIUM.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrst met{ur}.]]\n\n\u00b6\u00a0Who so wil sowe a felde plentiuous. lat hym first delyuer it of \u00feornes\n{and} kerue asondre wi\u00fe his hooke \u00fee bushes {and} \u00fee ferne so \u00feat \u00fee\ncorne may come{n} heuy of eres {and} of greins. hony is \u00fee more swete\nyif mou\u00fees han firste tastid sauoures \u00fe{a}t ben wikke. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee sterres\nshynen more agreably whan \u00fee wynde Nothus leti\u00fe his ploungy blastes.\n{and} aftir \u00feat lucifer \u00fee day sterre ha\u00fe chased awey \u00fee derke ny\u021dt. \u00fee\nday \u00fee feir{e}r ledi\u00fe \u00fee rosene horse of \u00fee sonne. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt so \u00feou\nbyholdyng first \u00fee fals[e] goodes. bygynne to wi\u00fedrawe \u00fei nek[ke] fro \u00fee\n\u021dok of er\u00feely affecc{i}ou{n}s. {and} afterwarde \u00fee verrey goodes\nsholle{n} entre i{n} to \u00fei corage.\n\n\nTUNC DEFIXO PAULULU{M}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 2^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n++\u00deO fastned[e] she a lytel \u00fee sy\u021dt of hir eyen {and} wi\u00fedrow hir ry\u021dt\nas it were in to \u00fee streite sete of hir \u00feou\u021dt. {and} bygan to speke ry\u021dt\n\u00fe{us}. Alle \u00fee cures q{uo}d she of mortal folk whiche \u00feat trauaylen hem\ni{n} many manere studies gon certys by diu{er}se weies. \u00b6\u00a0But na\u00feeles\n\u00feei enforced hem to comen oonly to on ende of blisfulnesse [And\nblysfulnesse] is swiche a goode \u00feat who so ha\u00fe geten it he ne may ouer\n\u00feat no \u00feing more desiire. and \u00feis \u00feing for so\u00fee is \u00fee souereyne good \u00feat\nconteini\u00fe in hym self al man{er}e goodes. to \u00fee whiche goode yif \u00feere\nfailed[e] any \u00feing. it my\u021dt[e] nat ben souereyne goode. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00fean were\n\u00feere som goode out of \u00feis ilke souereyne goode \u00fe{a}t my\u021dt[e] ben\ndesired. Now is it clere {and} certeyne \u00fea{n} \u00feat blisfulnesse is a\np{er}fit estat by \u00fee congregac{i}ou{n} of alle goodes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee whiche\nblisfulnesse as I haue seid alle mortal folke enforcen hem to geten by\ndyuerse weyes. \u00b6\u00a0For-whi \u00fee couetise of verray goode is naturely\ny-plaunted in \u00fee hertys of men. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00fee myswandryng erro{ur} mysledi\u00fe\nhem in to fals[e] goodes. \u00b6\u00a0of \u00fee whiche men some of hem wenen \u00feat\nsouereygne goode is to lyue wi\u00fe outen nede of any \u00feing. {and}\nt{ra}ueile{n} hem to ben habundaunt of rycchesse. and some o\u00feer men\ndeme{n}. \u00feat sou{er}ein goode be forto be ry\u021dt digne of reu{er}ences.\n{and} enforce{n} hem to ben reu{er}enced among hir ney\u021dbo{ur}s. by \u00fee\nhono{ur}s \u00feat \u00feei han ygeten \u00b6\u00a0{and} some folk \u00feer ben \u00feat halden \u00feat\nry\u021dt hey\u021de power to be souereyn goode. {and} enforcen he{m} forto regnen\nor ellys to ioigne{n} he{m} to hem \u00feat regnen. \u00b6\u00a0And it seme\u00fe to some\no\u00feer folk \u00feat noblesse of renou{n} be \u00fee sou{er}ein goode. {and} hasten\nhem to geten glorious name by \u00fee artes of werre or of pees. and many\nfolke mesuren {and} gessen \u00fe{a}t sou{er}ein goode be ioye {and}\ngladnesse {and} wenen \u00feat it be ry\u021dt blisful [thyng{e}] to ploungen hem\ni{n} uoluptuous delit. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feer ben folk \u00feat enterchaungen \u00fee causes\n{and} \u00fee endes of \u00feise forseide goodes as \u00feei \u00feat desire{n} rycchesse to\nhan power {and} delices. Or ellis \u00feei desiren power forto han moneye or\nfor cause of renou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0In \u00feise \u00feinges {and} i{n} swyche o\u00feer \u00feinges is\nto{ur}ned al \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n} of desirynges {and} [of] werkes of me{n}.\n\u00b6\u00a0As \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0Noblesse {and} fauo{ur} of poeple whiche \u00feat \u021diue\u00fe as it\nseme\u00fe a manere clernesse of renou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0and wijf {and} children \u00feat men\ndesiren for cause of delit {and} mirinesse. \u00b6\u00a0But forso\u00fee frendes ne\nshollen nat ben rekkened among \u00fee goodes of fortune but of vertue. for\nit is a ful holy man{er}e \u00feing. alle \u00feise o\u00feer \u00feinges forso\u00fee ben taken\nfor cause of power. or ellis for cause of delit. \u00b6\u00a0Certis now am I redy\nto referen \u00fee goodes of \u00fee body to \u00feise forseide \u00feinges abouen. \u00b6\u00a0For it\nseme\u00fe \u00fe{a}t streng\u00fee {and} gretnesse of body \u021deuen power {and}\nwor\u00feinesse. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feat beaute {and} swiftenesse \u021deuen noblesse {and}\nglorie of renou{n}. {and} hele of body seme\u00fe \u021diuen delit. \u00b6\u00a0In alle \u00feise\n\u00fei{n}g{us} it seme\u00fe oonly \u00feat blisfulnesse is desired. \u00b6\u00a0For-whi \u00feilke\n\u00feing \u00feat euery man desire\u00fe moost ouer alle \u00feinges. he demi\u00fe \u00feat be \u00fee\nsouereyne goode. \u00b6\u00a0But I haue diffined \u00feat blisfulnesse is \u00fee souereyne\ngoode. for whiche euery wy\u021dt demi\u00fe \u00feat \u00feilke estat \u00feat he desire\u00fe ouer\nalle \u00feinges \u00feat it be \u00fee blisfulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0Now hast \u00feou \u00fean byforne [thy\neyen] almost al \u00fee p{ur}posed forme of \u00fee welfulnesse of ma{n}ky{n}de.\n\u00feat is to seyne rycchesse. hono{ur}s. power. glorie. {and} delit\u021d. \u00fee\nwhiche delit oonly considered Epicurus Iuged {and} establissed. \u00feat\ndelit is \u00fee souereyne goode. for as myche as alle o\u00feer \u00feinges as hym\n\u00feou\u021dt[e] by-refte awey ioie {and} myr\u00fee fro{m} \u00fee herte. \u00b6\u00a0But I\nreto{ur}ne a\u021deyne to \u00fee studies of meen. of whiche men \u00fee corage alwey\nrehersi\u00fe {and} seeke\u00fe \u00fee souereyne goode of alle be it so \u00fe{a}t it be\nwi\u00fe a derke memorie [but he not by whiche paath]. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt as a dronke\nma{n} not nat by whiche pa\u00fee he may reto{ur}ne home to hys house.\n\u00b6\u00a0Seme\u00fe it \u00feanne \u00feat folk folyen {and} erren \u00feat enforcen he{m} to haue\nnede of no \u00feing \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feer nys non o\u00feer \u00feing \u00feat may so weel\np{er}fo{ur}ny blisfulnesse as an estat plenteuo{us} of alle goodes \u00feat\nne ha\u00fe nede of none o\u00feer \u00feing. but \u00feat it is suffisant of hy{m} self.\nvnto hym self. and foleyen swyche folk \u00feanne. \u00feat wenen \u00feat \u00feilk \u00feing\n\u00fe{a}t is ry\u021dt goode. \u00feat it be eke ry\u021dt wor\u00fei of honour {and} of\nreuerence. \u00b6\u00a0Certis nay. for \u00feat \u00feing nys ney\u00feer foule ne wor\u00fei to ben\ndispised \u00feat al \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n} of mortel folke trauaille forto geten\nit. \u00b6\u00a0And power au\u021dt[e] nat \u00feat eke to be rekened amonges goodes what\nellis. for it nys nat to wene \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat is most wor\u00fei of alle\n\u00feinges be feble {and} wi\u00fe out streng\u00fee {and} clernesse of renou{n} au\u021dte\n\u00feat to ben dispised. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feer may no man forsake \u00feat al \u00feing \u00feat is\nry\u021dt excellent {and} noble. \u00feat it ne seme\u00fe to be ry\u021dt clere {and}\nrenomed. \u00b6\u00a0For certis it nedi\u00fe nat to seie. \u00feat blisfulnesse be\nanguissous ne dreri ne subgit to greua{n}ces ne to sorwes. syn \u00feat in\nry\u021dt litel \u00fei{n}g{us} folk seken to haue {and} to vsen \u00feat may deliten\nhem. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feise ben \u00fee \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat men wolen {and} desyren to geten.\nand for \u00feis cause desiren \u00feei rycches. dignites. regnes. glorie {and}\ndelices \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feerby wenen \u00feei to han suffisau{n}ce hono{ur} power.\nrenou{n} {and} gladnesse. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feanne is it goode. \u00fe{a}t men seken \u00feus by so\nmany dyu{er}se studies. In whiche desijr it may ly\u021dtly be shew{e}d. how\ngrete is \u00fee streng\u00fee of nature. \u00b6\u00a0For how so \u00feat men han dyuerse\nsentences {and} discordyng algates men accordyn alle in lyuynge \u00fee ende\nof goode.\n\n\nQ{UA}NTAS RER{UM} FLECTAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 2^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n++IT like\u00fe me to shew[e] by subtil songe wi\u00fe slakke {and} delitable\nsou{n} of strenges how \u00feat nature my\u021dty encline\u00fe {and} flitte\u00fe\ngouernement\u021d of \u00feinges \u00b6\u00a0{and} by whiche lawes she p{ur}ueiable kepi\u00fe \u00fee\ngrete worlde. {and} how she bindynge restreine\u00fe alle \u00feing{us} by a bonde\n\u00feat may nat be vnbounden.\n\n[Sidenote: [j]]\n\n\u00b6\u00a0Al be it so \u00feat \u00fee liou{n}s of \u00fee contree of pene beren \u00fee fair[e]\ncheines. {and} taken metes of \u00fee handes of folk \u00feat \u021deuen it hem. {and}\ndreden her sturdy maystres of whiche \u00feei ben wont to suffren [betinges].\nyif \u00feat hir horrible mou\u00fees ben bi-bled. \u00feat is to sein of bestes\ndevoured. \u00b6\u00a0Hir corage of tyme passe\u00fe \u00feat ha\u00fe ben ydel {and} rested.\nrepaire\u00fe a\u021dein \u00feat \u00feei roren greuously. {and} reme{m}bren on hir nature.\n{and} slaken hir nekkes from hir cheins vnbounden. and hir maistre first\nto-teren wi\u00fe blody to\u00fee assaie\u00fe \u00fee woode wra\u00fe\u00fees of hem. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis is to\nsein \u00feei freten hir maister.\n\n[Sidenote: [ij]]\n\n\u00b6\u00a0And \u00fee Iangland brid \u00feat syngi\u00fe on \u00fee heye braunches. \u00feis is to sein\nin \u00fee wode {and} after is inclosed in a streit cage. \u00b6\u00a0al \u00feou\u021d [\u00fe{a}t]\n\u00fee pleiyng besines of men \u021deue\u00fe hem honied[e] drinkes {and} large metes.\nwi\u00fe swete studie. \u00b6\u00a0\u021dit na\u00feeles yif \u00feilke brid skippynge oute of hir\nstreite cage see\u00fe \u00fee agreable shadewes of \u00fee wodes. she defoule\u00fe wi\u00fe hir\nfete hir metes yshad {and} seke\u00fe mournyng oonly \u00fee wode {and} twitri\u00fe\ndesirynge \u00fee wode wi\u00fe hir swete voys.\n\n[Sidenote: [iij]]\n\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00fee \u021derde of a tree \u00feat is haled adou{n} by my\u021dty streng\u00fee bowi\u00fe redely\n\u00fee croppe adou{n}. but yif \u00feat \u00fee hande of hym \u00feat it bente lat it gon\na\u021dein. \u00b6\u00a0An oon \u00fee crop loke\u00fe vp ry\u021dt to heuene.\n\n[Sidenote: [iiij]]\n\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00fee sonne phebus \u00feat faille\u00fe at euene in \u00fee westrene wawes retorni\u00fe\na\u021dein eftsones his cart by a priue pa\u00fee \u00feere as it is wont aryse. \u00b6\u00a0Alle\n\u00feinges seken a\u021dein in to hir p{ro}pre cours. and alle \u00feinges reioisen\nhem of hir retournynge a\u021dein to hir nature ne noon ordinaunce nis\nbytaken to \u00fei{n}ges but \u00feat. \u00feat ha\u00fe ioignynge \u00fee endynge to \u00fee\nbygynnynge. {and} ha\u00fe makid \u00fee cours of it self stable \u00feat it chaunge\u00fe\nnat fro{m} hys p{ro}pre kynde.\n\n\nVOSQ{UE} TERRENA ANIMALIA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n++CErtis also \u021de men \u00feat ben er\u00feelich{e} bestes dreme{n} alwey [yowre\nbygynnynge] al \u00feou\u021d it be wi\u00fe a \u00feinne ymaginac{i}ou{n}. {and} by a maner\n\u00feou\u021dt al be it nat clerly ne p{er}fitly \u021de looken from a fer til \u00feilk\nverray fyn of blisfulnesse. and \u00feerfore \u00fee naturel entenc{i}ou{n} lede\u00fe\n\u021dow to \u00feilk verray good \u00b6\u00a0But many manere errours misto{ur}ni\u00fe \u021dow \u00feer\nfro. \u00b6\u00a0Considere now yif \u00feat be \u00feilke \u00feinges by whiche a man weni\u00fe to\ngete hym blysfulnesse. yif \u00feat he may comen to \u00feilke ende \u00feat he wene\u00fe\nto come by nature \u00b6\u00a0For yif \u00feat moneye or hono{ur}s or \u00feise o\u00feer\nforseide \u00feinges bryngen to men swiche a \u00feing \u00feat no goode ne faille hem.\nne seme\u00fe faille. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00fean wil I graunt[e] \u00feat \u00feei ben maked blisful.\nby \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei han geten. \u00b6\u00a0but yif so be \u00feat \u00feilke \u00fei{n}ges ne\nmowe nat p{er}fo{ur}men \u00feat \u00feei by-heten {and} \u00feat \u00feer be defaute of\nmany goodes. \u00b6\u00a0Shewe\u00fe it nat \u00fean clerely \u00fe{a}t fals beaute of\nblisfulnesse is knowe {and} a-teint in \u00feilke \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0First {and}\nforward \u00feou \u00fei self \u00feat haddest haboundaunces of rycchesses nat long\nagon. \u00b6\u00a0I axe \u021dif \u00feat in \u00fee haboundaunce of alle \u00feilk[e] rycchesses \u00feou\nwere neuer anguissous or sory in \u00fei corage of any wrong or greuau{n}ce\n\u00feat by-tidde \u00fee on any syde. \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d I it remembre\u00fe me nat \u00feat\neuere I was so free of my \u00feou\u021dt. \u00feat I ne was al-wey in anguysh{e} of\nsomwhat. \u00fe{a}t was \u00feat \u00feou lakkedest \u00feat \u00feou noldest han lakked. or\nellys \u00feou haddest \u00feat \u00feou noldest han had. ry\u021dt so is it q{uod} I \u00fean.\ndesiredest \u00feou \u00fee p{re}sence of \u00feat oon {and} \u00fee absence of \u00feat o\u00feer.\nI\u00a0graunt[e] wel q{uod} .I. for so\u00fee q{uod} she \u00fean nedi\u00fe \u00feer somwhat \u00feat\neuery man desire\u00fe. \u021de \u00feer nedi\u00fe q{uod} I. \u00b6\u00a0Certis q{uod} she {and} he\n\u00feat ha\u00fe lakke or nede of a wy\u021dt nis nat in euery way suffisaunt to hym\nself. no q{uod} .I. {and} \u00feou q{uo}d she in alle \u00fee plente of \u00fei\nrycchesse haddest \u00feilke lak of suffisaunce. \u00b6\u00a0what ellis q{uod} .I.\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00feanne may nat rycchesse maken \u00feat a man nis nedy. ne \u00feat he be\nsuffisaunt to hym self. {and} \u00feat was it \u00fe{a}t \u00feei byhy\u021dten as it seme\u00fe.\n\u00b6\u00a0and eke certys I trowe \u00feat \u00feis be gretly to consydere \u00feat moneye ne\nha\u00fe nat in hys owen kynde \u00feat it ne may ben by-nomen of hem \u00feat han it\nmaugre hem. \u00b6\u00a0I by-knowe it wel q{uod} I \u00b6\u00a0whi sholdest \u00feou nat\nby-knowen it q{uod} she. whan euery day \u00fee strenger folke by-nymen it\nfram \u00fee febler maugre hem. \u00b6\u00a0Fro whennes comen ellys alle \u00feise foreine\ncompleintes or quereles of plety{n}g{us}. \u00b6\u00a0But for \u00feat men axen a\u021deine\nher moneye \u00feat ha\u00fe be by-nomen hem by force or by gyle. {and} alwey\nmaugre hem. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt so it is q{uod} I. \u00fean q{uo}d she ha\u00fe a man nede to\nseke{n} hym foreyne helpe by whiche he may defende hys moneye. who may\nsay nay q{uod} .I. \u00b6\u00a0Certis q{uod} she {and} hym nedi\u00fe no helpe yif he\nne hadde no moneye \u00feat he my\u021dt[e] leese. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat is doutles q{uod} .I.\n\u00feanne is \u00feis \u00fei{n}g turned in to \u00fee contrarie q{uod} she \u00b6\u00a0For rycchesse\n\u00feat men wenen sholde make suffisau{n}ce. \u00feei maken a man ra\u00feer han nede\nof foreine helpe. \u00b6\u00a0whiche is \u00fee manere or \u00fee gise q{uod} she \u00feat\nrycches may dryuen awey nede. \u00b6\u00a0Riche folk may \u00feei nei\u00feer han hungre ne\n\u00ferest. \u00feise ryche men may \u00feei feele no colde on hir lymes in wynter.\n\u00b6\u00a0But \u00feou wilt answere \u00feat ryche men han y-nou\u021d wher wi\u00fe \u00feei may\nstaunchen her hunger. {and} slaken her \u00ferest {and} don awey colde. \u00b6\u00a0In\n\u00feis wise may nede be co{n}forted by rycchesses. but certys nede ne may\nnat al out{er}ly be don awey. for \u00feou\u021d \u00feis nede \u00feat is alwey gapyng\n{and} gredy be fulfilled wi\u00fe rycchesses. {and} axe any \u00feing \u021dit dwelle\u00fe\n\u00feanne a nede \u00feat my\u021dt[e] ben fulfilled. \u00b6\u00a0I holde me stille {and} telle\nnat how \u00feat litel \u00feing suffise\u00fe to nature. but certys to auarice ynou\u021d\nne suffise\u00fe no \u00feinge. \u00b6\u00a0For syn \u00feat rychesse ne may nat al don awey\nnede. but rychesse maken nede. what may it \u00feanne be \u00feat \u021de wenen \u00feat\nrychesses mowen \u021deue{n} \u021dow suffisau{n}ce.\n\n\nQUAMUIS FLUENTER DIUES.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Al were it so \u00feat a ryche couetous man hadde riuer fletynge alle of\ngolde \u021ditte sholde it neuer staunche hys couetise. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feou\u021d he hadde\nhis nekke I-charged wi\u00fe p{re}ciouse stones of \u00fee rede see. {and} \u00feou\u021d he\ndo erye his feldes plentiuo{us} wi\u00fe an hundre\u00fe oxen neuere ne shal his\nbytyng bysynesse forleten hym while he lyue\u00fe. ne \u00fee ly\u021dt[e] rychesses ne\nshal nat beren hym compaignie whanne he is dede.\n\n\nSET DIGNITATIB{US}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 4^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n++Bvt dignitees to whom \u00feei ben comen make \u00feei hym honorable {and}\nreuerent. han \u00feei nat so grete streng\u00fee \u00feat \u00feei may putte vertues in \u00fee\nhertis of folk. \u00feat vsen \u00fee lordshipes of hem. or ellys may \u00feei don awey\n\u00fee vices. Certys \u00feei [ne] ben nat wont to don awey wikkednesses. but \u00feei\nben wont ra\u00feer to shew[en] wikkednesses. {and} \u00feer of come\u00fe it \u00feat I\nhaue ry\u021dt grete desdeyne. \u00feat dignites ben \u021deuen ofte to wicked men.\n\u00b6\u00a0For whiche \u00feing catullus clepid a consul of Rome \u00feat hy\u021dt noni{us}\npostum. or boch. as who sei\u00fe he clepi\u00fe hy{m} a congregac{i}ou{n} of\nuices in his brest as a postum is ful of corrupc{i}ou{n}. al were \u00feis\nnoni{us} set in a chayere of dignitee. Sest \u00feou nat \u00fean how gret vylenye\ndignitees don to wikked men. \u00b6\u00a0Certys vnwor\u00feines of wikked men shold{e}\nben \u00fee lasse ysen yif \u00feei nere renomed of none hono{ur}s. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feou\n\u00fei self ne my\u021dtest nat ben brou\u021dt wi\u00fe as many p{er}ils as \u00feou my\u021dtest\nsuffren \u00feat \u00fe{o}u woldest bere \u00fei magistrat wi\u00fe decorat. \u00feat is to seyn.\n\u00feat for no p{er}il \u00feat my\u021dt[e] bifalle{n} \u00fee by \u00fee offence of \u00fee kyng\ntheodorik \u00feou noldest nat ben felawe in gouernaunce w{i}t{h} decorat.\nwhanne \u00feou say[e] \u00feat he had[de] wikkid corage of a likerous shrewe\n{and} of an acusor. \u00b6\u00a0Ne I ne may nat for swiche honours Iuge{n} hem\nwor\u00fei of reuerence \u00feat I deme {and} holde vnwor\u00fei to han \u00feilke same\nhono{ur}s. \u00b6\u00a0Now yif \u00feou saie a man \u00feat were fulfilled of wisdom. certys\n\u00feoune my\u021dtest nat demen \u00fe{a}t he were vnwor\u00fei to \u00fee hono{ur}. or ellys\nto \u00fee wisdom of whiche he is fulfilled. No q{uod} .I. \u00b6\u00a0Certys dignitees\nq{uod} she app{er}tienen p{ro}perly to vertue. {and} uertue transporte\u00fe\ndignite anon to \u00feilke man to whiche she hir self is conioigned. \u00b6\u00a0And\nfor as moche as hono{ur}s of poeple ne may nat maken folk digne of\nhono{ur}. it is wel seyn clerly \u00feat \u00feei ne han no p{ro}pre beaute of\ndignite. \u00b6\u00a0And \u021dit men au\u021dten take more hede in \u00feis. \u00b6\u00a0For if it so be\n\u00feat he is most out cast \u00feat most folk dispisen. or as dignite ne may nat\nmaken shrewes wor\u00fei of no reuerences. \u00fean make\u00fe dignites shrewes more\ndispised \u00fean p{re}ised. \u00fee whiche shrewes dignit[e] schewe\u00fe to moche\nfolk \u00b6\u00a0{and} for so\u00fee nat vnpunissed. \u00feat is forto sein. \u00feat shrewes\nreuengen hem a\u021deinward vpon dignites. for \u00feei \u021delden a\u021dein to dignites\nas gret gerdou{n} whan \u00feei byspotten {and} defoulen dignites wi\u00fe hire\nvylenie. \u00b6\u00a0And for as moche as \u00feou mow[e] knowe \u00feat \u00feilke verray\nreuerence ne may nat comen by \u00fee shadewy t{ra}nsitorie dignitees.\nvndirstonde now \u00feis. yif \u00feat a man hadde vsed {and} hadde many manere\ndignites of consules {and} were come{n} p{er}auenture amonges straunge\nnac{i}ou{n}s. sholde \u00feilke hono{ur} maken hym worshipful {and} redouted\nof straunge folk \u00b6\u00a0Certys yif \u00feat honour of poeple were a naturel \u021difte\nto dignites. it ne my\u021dte neuer cesen nowher amonges no maner folke to\ndone hys office. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt as fire i{n} euery contre ne stinte\u00fe nat to\nenchaufen {and} to ben hote. but for as myche as forto be holden\nhonorable or reuerent ne come\u00fe nat to folk of hir p{ro}pre streng\u00fee of\nnat{ur}e. but only of \u00fee fals[e] opiniou{n} of folk. \u00feat is to sein. \u00feat\nwenen \u00feat dignites maken folk digne of hono{ur}. An on \u00feerfore whan \u00feat\n\u00feei comen \u00feer as folk ne knowe{n} nat \u00feilke dignites. her hono{ur}s\nvanissen awey {and} \u00feat on oon. but \u00feat is a-mong straung folk. maist\n\u00feou sein. but amo{n}g{us} hem \u00feat \u00feei weren born duren \u00feilk[e] dignites\nalwey. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00fee dignite of \u00fee p{ro}uostrie of Rome was somtyme a\ngrete power. now is it no \u00feing but an ydel name. {and} \u00fee rente of \u00fee\nsenatorie a g{r}et charge. {and} yif a whi\u021dt somtyme hadde \u00fee office to\ntaken he[de] to \u00fee vitailes of \u00fee poeple as of corne {and} what o\u00feer\n\u00feinges he was holden amonges grete. but what \u00feing is more nowe out cast\n\u00feanne \u00feilke p{ro}uostrie \u00b6\u00a0And as I haue seid a litel here byforne. \u00feat\n\u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat ha\u00fe no p{ro}pre beaute of hym self resceyue\u00fe somtyme pris\n{and} shinynge {and} somtyme lesi\u00fe it by \u00fee opiniou{n} of vsaunces.\n\u00b6\u00a0Now yif \u00feat dignites \u00feanne ne mowen nat maken folk digne of reuerence.\n{and} yif \u00fe{a}t dignites wexen foule of hir wille by \u00fee fil\u00fee of\nshrewes. \u00b6\u00a0and yif \u00feat dignites lesen hir shynynge by chaungyng of\ntymes. and yif \u00feei wexen foule by estimac{i}ou{n} of poeple. what is it\n\u00feat \u00feei han in hem self of beaute \u00feat au\u021dte ben desired. as who sei\u00fe\nnone. \u00feanne ne mowen \u00feei \u021diuen no beaute of dignite to none o\u00feer.\n\n\nQUA{M}UIS SE TIRIO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 4^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Al be it so \u00feat \u00fee proude nero wi\u00fe al his woode luxurie kembed hym\n{and} apparailed hym wi\u00fe faire purp{er}s of Tirie {and} wi\u00fe white\nperles. Algates \u021ditte throf he hateful to alle folk \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis is to seyn \u00feat\nal was he by-hated of alle folk. \u00b6\u00a0\u021ditte \u00feis wicked Nero hadde gret\nlordship {and} \u021daf somtyme to \u00fee dredeful senatours \u00fee vnworshipful\nsetes of dignites. \u00b6\u00a0vnworshipful setes he clepi\u00fe here fore \u00feat Nero \u00feat\nwas so wikked \u021daf \u00feo dignites. who wolde \u00feanne resonably wenen \u00feat\nblysfulnesse were in swiche hono{ur}s as ben \u021deuen by vicious shrewes.\n\n\nAN UERO REGNA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 5^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n++Bvt regnes {and} familarites of kynges may \u00feei maken a ma{n} to ben\nmy\u021dty. how ellys. \u00b6\u00a0whanne hir blysfulnesse dure\u00fe p{er}petuely but\ncertys \u00fee olde age of tyme passe\u00fe. {and} eke of p{re}sent tyme now is\nful of ensau{m}ples how \u00fe{a}t kynges \u00feat han chaunged in to wrechednesse\nout of hir welefulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0O a noble \u00feing {and} a cler \u00feing is power \u00feat\nis nat founden my\u021dty to kepe it self. \u00b6\u00a0And yif \u00feat power of realmes be\nauctour {and} maker of blisfulnesse. yif \u00feilke power lakke\u00fe on any side.\namenusi\u00fe it nat \u00feilke blisfulnesse {and} brynge\u00fe in wrechednesse. but\nyif al be it so \u00feat realmes of mankynde stretchen b{r}oode. \u021dit mot \u00feer\nnede ben myche folk ouer whiche \u00feat euery kyng ne ha\u00fe no lordshipe no\ncomaundement \u00b6\u00a0and certys vpon \u00feilke syde \u00feat power faille\u00fe whiche \u00feat\nmaki\u00fe folk blisful. ry\u021dt on \u00feat same side nou{n}power entri\u00fe vndirne\u00fe\n\u00feat make\u00fe hem wreches. \u00b6\u00a0In \u00feis manere \u00feanne moten kynges han more\nporciou{n} of wrechednesse \u00fean of welefulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0A tyraunt \u00feat was kyng\nof sisile \u00feat had[de] assaied \u00fee p{er}il of his estat shewid[e] by\nsimilitude \u00fee dredes of realmes by gastnesse of a swerde \u00feat heng ouer\n\u00fee heued of his familier. what \u00feing is \u00fean \u00feis power \u00feat may nat don\nawey \u00fee bytynges of besines ne eschewe \u00fee prikkes of drede. and certys\n\u021dit wolden \u00feei lyuen in sykernesse. but \u00feei may nat. and \u021dit \u00feei\nglorifien hem in her power \u00b6\u00a0Holdest \u00feou \u00fean \u00feat \u00feilk[e] man be my\u021dty\n\u00feat \u00fe{o}u seest \u00feat he wolde don \u00feat he may nat don. \u00b6\u00a0And holdest \u00feou\n\u00fean hym a my\u021dty man \u00feat ha\u00fe environed hise sydes wi\u00fe men of armes or\nseruauntes {and} drede\u00fe more [hem] \u00feat he make\u00fe agast. \u00feen \u00feei dreden\nhym. {and} \u00feat is put in \u00fee handes of hise seruaunt\u021d. for he sholde seme\nmy\u021dty but of familiers [or] seruaunt\u021d of ky{n}ges. \u00b6\u00a0what sholde I telle\n\u00fee any \u00feing. syn \u00feat I my self haue shewed \u00fee \u00feat realmes hem self ben\nful of gret feblenesse. \u00fee whiche familiers certis \u00fee real power of\nkynges in hool estat {and} in estat abated ful [ofte] \u00ferowe\u00fe adou{n}.\n\u00b6\u00a0Nero co{n}streined[e] his familier {and} his maistre seneca to chesen\non what dee\u00fe he wolde deien. \u00b6\u00a0Antonius comau{n}did[e] \u00feat kny\u021dtis\nslowen wi\u00fe her swerdis Papinian his familier whiche Papinian had[de] ben\nlong tyme ful my\u021dty a-monges hem of \u00fee courte. and \u021dit certis \u00feei wolde\nbo\u00fee han renou{n}ced her power. of whiche [two] senek enforced[e] hym to\n\u021diue{n} to Nero his rychesses. {and} also to han gon in to solitarie\nexil. \u00b6\u00a0But whan \u00fee grete wey\u021dt. \u00feat is to sein of lordes power or of\nfortune drawe\u00fe hem \u00feat sholden falle. ney\u00feer of hem ne my\u021dt[e] do \u00feat he\nwolde. what \u00feing is \u00feanne \u00feilke power \u00feat \u00feou\u021d men han it \u00feat \u00feei ben\nagast. \u00b6\u00a0{and} whan \u00feou woldest han it \u00feou nart nat siker. \u00b6\u00a0And yif \u00feou\nwoldest forleten it \u00feou mayst nat eschewen it. \u00b6\u00a0But whe\u00feir swiche men\nben frendes at nede as ben conseiled by fortune {and} nat by vertue.\nCertys swiche folk as weleful fortune make\u00fe frendes. contrarious fortune\nmake\u00fe hem enmyse. \u00b6\u00a0And what pestilence is more my\u021dty forto anoye a wi\u021dt\n\u00fean a familier enemy.\n\n\nQUI SE UALET ESSE POTENTEM.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 5^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Who so wolde ben my\u021dty he mot dau{n}ten hys cruel corage. ne put[te]\nnat his nekke ouercomen vndir \u00fee foule reines of lecherie. for al be it\nso \u00feat \u00fei lordship[e] strecche so fer \u00feat \u00fee contre Inde quaki\u00fe at \u00fei\ncomaundement. or at \u00fei lawes. {and} \u00feat \u00fee leest isle in \u00fee see \u00feat hy\u021dt\ntile be \u00feral to \u00fee \u00b6\u00a0\u021dit yif \u00feou mayst nat pute{n} awey \u00fei foule derk[e]\ndesijres {and} dryue{n} oute fro \u00fee wreched co{m}pleyntes. Certis it nis\nno power \u00feat \u00feou hast.\n\n\nGLORIA UERO QUA{M} FALLAX.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 6^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n++Bvt glorie how deceiuable {and} how foule is it ofte. for whiche \u00feing\nnat vnskilfully a tregedien \u00feat is to sein a maker of dites \u00feat hy\u021dten\ntregedies cried[e] {and} seide. \u00b6\u00a0O glorie glorie q{uod} he. \u00feou nart no\n\u00feing ellys to \u00feousandes of folkes. but a gret sweller of eres. for\nmany[e] han had ful gret renou{n} by \u00fee fals[e] oppiniou{n} of poeple.\nand what \u00feing may ben \u00feou\u021dt fouler \u00feen swiche p{re}isynge for \u00feilk[e]\nfolk \u00feat be{n} p{re}ised falsly. \u00feei moten nedes han shame of hir\np{re}isynges. {and} yif \u00feat folk han gete{n} hem \u00feank or p{re}ysyng by\nher desertes. what \u00feing ha\u00fe \u00feilk pris echid or encresed to \u00fee conscience\nof wise folk \u00fe{a}t mesure{n} hire good. not by \u00fee rumo{ur} of \u00fee poeple.\nbut by \u00fee so\u00feefastnesse of conscience. {and} yif it seme a fair \u00feing a\nman to han encresid {and} sprad his name. \u00fean folwe\u00fe it. \u00feat it is demed\nto ben a foule \u00feinge yif it ne be ysprad ne encresed. but as I seide a\nlitel her byforne. \u00feat syn \u00feer mot nedes ben many folk to whiche folk \u00fee\nrenou{n} of a man ne may nat comen. it byfalle\u00fe \u00feat he \u00feat \u00feou wenest be\nglorious {and} renomed. semi\u00fe in \u00fee nexte p{ar}ties of \u00fee er\u00fee to ben\nwi\u00fe out glorie. {and} wi\u00fe out renou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0and certis amo{n}ges \u00feise\n\u00feinges I ne trowe nat \u00feat \u00fee p{r}is {and} grace of \u00fee poeple nis nei\u00feer\nwor\u00fei to ben remembrid ne come\u00fe of wise iugement. ne is ferm\np{er}durably. \u00b6\u00a0But now of \u00feis name of gentilesse. what man is it \u00feat ne\nmay wel seen how veyne {and} how flittyng a \u00feing it is. \u00b6\u00a0For if \u00fee name\nof gentilesse be referred to renou{n} {and} clernesse of linage. \u00fean is\ngentil name but a for[e]ine \u00feing. \u00feat is to sein to hem \u00feat glorifien\nhem of hir linage. \u00b6\u00a0For it seme\u00fe \u00feat gentilesse be a maner p{re}ysynge\n\u00feat come\u00fe of decert of auncestres. \u00b6\u00a0And yif p{re}ysynge make\u00fe\ngentilesse \u00fean moten \u00feei nedes be gentil \u00feat ben p{re}ysed. For whiche\n\u00feing it folwe\u00fe. \u00feat yif \u00feou ne haue no gentilesse of \u00fei self. \u00feat is to\nsein pris \u00fe{a}t come\u00fe of \u00fei deserte foreine gentilesse ne make\u00fe \u00fee nat\ngentil. \u00b6\u00a0But certis yif \u00feer be any goode in gentilesse. I\u00a0trowe it be\ni{n} al oonly \u00feis. \u00feat it seme\u00fe as \u00feat a maner necessitee be imposed to\ngentil men. for \u00feat \u00feei ne sholden nat outraien or forliuen fro \u00fee\nuertues of hire noble kynrede.\n\n\nOMNE HOMINU{M} GENUS IN TERRIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 6^th Metre.]]\n\n++Al \u00fee linage of men \u00feat ben i{n} er\u00fee ben of semblable bur\u00fee. On al\none is fadir of \u00feinges. On alone minyst[r]e\u00fe alle \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0He \u021daf to \u00fee\nsonne hys bemes. he \u021daf to \u00fee moone hir hornes. he \u021daf \u00fee men to \u00fee\ner\u00fee. he \u021daf \u00fee sterres to \u00fee heuene. \u00b6\u00a0he enclose\u00fe wi\u00fe membres \u00fee\nsoules \u00feat comen fro hys heye sete. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feanne comen alle mortal folk of\nnoble seed. whi noysen \u021de or bosten of \u021doure eldris \u00b6\u00a0For yif \u00feou\nlook[e] \u021doure bygy{n}ny{n}g. and god \u021doure aucto{ur} {and} \u021doure makere.\n\u00fean is \u00feer no forlyued wy\u021dt but \u021dif he norisse his corage vnto vices\n{and} forlete his p{ro}pre bur\u00fee.\n\n\nQUID AUTEM DE CORPORIBUS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 7^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n++But what shal I seie of delices of body. of whic[h]e delices \u00fee\ndesiringes ben ful of anguisse. {and} \u00fee fulfillinges of he{m} ben ful\nof penaunce. \u00b6\u00a0How grete sekenesse {and} how grete sorwes vnsuffrable\nry\u021dt as a manere fruit of wickednesse ben \u00feilke delices wont to bryngen\nto \u00fee bo[d]ies of folk \u00feat vsen hem. \u00b6\u00a0Of whiche delices I not what ioye\nmay ben had of hir moeuyng. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00feis woot I wel \u00feat who so euere wil\nremembren hym of hys luxuries. he shal wel vndirstonde. \u00feat \u00fee issues of\ndelices ben sorowful {and} sory. \u00b6\u00a0And yif \u00feilke delices mowen make folk\nblisful. \u00fean by \u00fee same cause moten \u00feise bestes ben clepid blisful. \u00b6\u00a0Of\nwhiche bestes al \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n} haste\u00fe to fulfille hire bodyly\niolyte. and \u00fee gladnesse of wijf [{and}] children were [an] honest \u00feing.\nbut it ha\u00fe ben seid. \u00feat it is ouer myche a\u021deins kynde \u00feat children han\nben fou{n}den tormentours to hir fadres I not how many. \u00b6\u00a0Of whiche\nchildren how bitynge is euery condic{i}ou{n}. It nede\u00fe nat to tellen it\n\u00fee \u00feat hast or \u00feis tyme assaied it. {and} art \u021dit now anguysso{us}. In\n\u00feis approue I \u00fee sentence of my disciple Euridippus. \u00feat seide \u00feat he\n\u00feat ha\u00fe no children is weleful by i{n}fortune.\n\n\nHABET HOC UOLUPTAS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 7^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Euery delit ha\u00fe \u00feis. \u00feat it anguisse\u00fe hem wi\u00fe prikkes \u00fe{a}t vsen it.\n\u00b6\u00a0It resembli\u00fe to \u00feise flying flyes \u00feat we clepen been. \u00feat aftre \u00feat \u00fee\nbee ha\u00fe shed hys agreable honies he flee\u00fe awey {and} stynge\u00fe \u00fee hertes\nof he{m} \u00feat ben ysmyte wi\u00fe bytynge ouer longe holdynge.\n\n\nNICHIL IGITUR DUBIUM EST.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 8^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n++Now nis it no doute \u00fean \u00fe{a}t \u00feise weyes ne ben a maner mysledy{n}g to\nblisfulnesse. ne \u00feat \u00feei ne mowe nat leden folke \u00feider as \u00feei byheten to\nlede{n} hem. \u00b6\u00a0But wi\u00fe how grete harmes \u00feise forseide weyes ben enlaced.\n\u00b6\u00a0I shal shewe \u00fee shortly. \u00b6\u00a0For whi yif \u00feou enforcest \u00fee to assemble\nmoneye. \u00feou most by-reuen hym his moneye \u00feat ha\u00fe it. and yif \u00feou wilt\nshynen wi\u00fe dignites. \u00feou most bysechen {and} supplien hem \u00feat \u021diue{n} \u00feo\ndignitees. \u00b6\u00a0And yif \u00feou coueitest by hono{ur} to gon by-fore o\u00feer folk\n\u00fe{o}u shalt defoule \u00fei self by hu{m}blesse of axing. yif \u00feou desiryst\npower. \u00feou shalt by awaites of \u00fei subgit\u021d anoyously be cast vndir many\np{er}iles. axest \u00feou glorie \u00fe{o}u shalt ben so destrat by aspre \u00feinges\n\u00feat \u00feou shalt forgone sykernesse. \u00b6\u00a0And yif \u00feou wilt leden \u00fei lijf in\ndelices. euery whi\u021dt shal dispisen \u00fee {and} forleten \u00fee as \u00feou \u00feat art\n\u00feral to \u00feing \u00feat is ry\u021dt foule {and} brutel. \u00feat is [to] sein seruau{n}t\nto \u00fei body. \u00b6\u00a0Now is it \u00fean wel yseen how lytel {and} how brutel\npossessiou{n} \u00feei coueiten \u00feat putten \u00fee goodes of \u00fee body abouen hire\nowe{n} resou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0For mayst \u00feou so{ur}mou{n}te{n} \u00feise olifu\u00f1t\u021d in\ngretnesse or wey\u021dt of body. Or mayst \u00feou ben strenger \u00fean \u00fee bole. Mayst\n\u00feou ben swifter \u00fean \u00fee tigre. biholde \u00fee spaces {and} \u00fee stablenesse\n{and} \u00fee swyfte cours of \u00fee heuene. {and} stynte somtyme to wondren on\nfoule \u00feinges. \u00fee whiche heuene certys nis nat ra\u00feer for \u00feise \u00feinges to\nben wondred vpon. \u00fean for \u00fee resou{n} by whiche it is gouerned. but \u00fee\nshynynge of \u00fei forme \u00feat is to seien \u00fee beaute of \u00fei body. how swiftly\npassyng is it {and} how transitorie. \u00b6\u00a0Certis it is more flittynge \u00fean\n\u00fee mutabilite of floures of \u00fee som{er} sesou{n}. For so as aristotil\ntelle\u00fe \u00feat yif \u00feat men hadden eyen of a beest \u00feat hi\u021dt lynx. so \u00feat \u00fee\nlokyng of folk my\u021dt[e] percen \u00feoru\u021d \u00fee \u00feinges \u00fe{a}t wi\u00festonden it. who\nso lokid \u00fean in \u00fee entrailes of \u00fee body of alcibiades \u00feat was ful fayr\nin \u00fee sup{er}fice wi\u00fe oute. it shulde seme ry\u021dt foule. {and} for \u00fei yif\n\u00feou semest faire. \u00fei nature ne maki\u00fe nat \u00feat. but \u00fee desceiuau{n}ce of\n\u00fee fieblesse of \u00fee eyen \u00feat loken. \u00b6\u00a0But p{re}ise \u00fee goodes of \u00fei body\nas moche as euer \u00fee list. so \u00feat \u00feou know[e] algates \u00feat what so it be.\n\u00feat is to seyn of \u00fee goodes of \u00fei body whiche \u00feat \u00fe{o}u wondrest vpon\nmay ben destroied or dessolued by \u00fee hete of a feuere of \u00fere dayes. \u00b6\u00a0Of\nalle whiche forseide \u00feinges I may reduce{n} \u00feis shortly in a so{m}me.\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00feat \u00feise worldly goodes whiche \u00feat ne mowen nat \u021diuen \u00feat \u00feei byheten.\nne ben nat p{er}fit by \u00fee congregac{i}ou{n} of alle goodes. \u00feat \u00feei ne\nben nat weyes ne pa\u00fees \u00feat bryngen men to blysfulnesse ne maken men to\nben blysful.\n\n\nHEU Q{UE} MISEROS TRAMITE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 8^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Allas whiche folie {and} whiche ignorau{n}ce mysledi\u00fe wandryng\nwrecches fro \u00fee pa\u00fee of verrey good. \u00b6\u00a0Certis \u021de ne seken no golde in\ngrene trees. ne \u021de ne gadren [nat] p{re}cious stones in \u00fee vines. ne \u021de\nne hiden nat \u021doure gynnes in hey\u021de mou{n}taignes to kachen fisshe of\nwhiche \u021de may maken ryche festes. and yif \u021dow lyke\u00fe to hunte to roos. \u021de\nne gon nat to \u00fee foordes of \u00fee water \u00feat hy\u021dt tyrene. {and} ouer \u00feis men\nknowen wel \u00fee crikes {and} \u00fee cau{er}nes of \u00fee see yhidd in \u00fee floodes.\n{and} knowen eke whiche water is most plentiuo{us} of white perles.\n{and} knowen whiche water habunde\u00fe most of rede purpre. \u00feat is to seyen\nof a maner shelfisshe w{i}t{h} whiche men dien purpre. {and} knowen\nwhiche strondes habounden most of tendre fisshes or of sharpe fisshes\n\u00feat hy\u021dten echynnys. but folk suffren hem self to ben so blynde \u00feat hem\nne recchi\u00fe nat to knowe where \u00feilk[e] goodes ben yhidd whiche \u00feat \u00feei\ncoueiten but ploungen hem in er\u00fee {and} seken \u00feere \u00feilke goode \u00fe{a}t\nso{ur}mou{n}te\u00fe \u00fee heuene \u00feat bere\u00fe \u00fee sterres. \u00b6\u00a0what p{re}yere may I\nmake \u00feat be digne to \u00fee nice \u00feou\u021dtis of men. but I p{re}ye \u00feat \u00feei\ncoueite{n} rycches {and} hono{ur}s so \u00feat whan \u00feei han geten \u00feo false\ngoodes wi\u00fe greet trauayle \u00feat \u00feerby \u00feei mowe knowen \u00fee verray goodes.\n\n\nHACTENUS MENDACIS FORMA{M}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 9^ne p{ro}se.]]\n\n++IT suffisi\u00fe \u00feat I haue shewed hider to \u00fee forme of false wilfulnesse.\nso \u00feat yif \u00feou look[e] now clerely \u00fee ordre of myn entenc{i}ou{n}\nrequeri\u00fe from hennes for\u00fee to shewe{n} \u00fee verray wilfulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0For\nq{uod} .I. (b) [I.] se wel now \u00feat suffisau{n}ce may nat comen by\nrichesse. ne power by realmes. ne reuere{n}ce by dignitees. ne\ngentilesse by glorie. ne ioye by delices. and (p) hast \u00feou wel knowen\nq{uo}d she \u00fee cause whi it is. Certis me seme\u00fe q{uod} .I. \u00feat .I. se hem\nry\u021dt as \u00feou\u021d it were \u00feoru\u021d a litel clifte. but me were leuer knowen hem\nmore openly of \u00fee. Certys q{uod} she \u00fee resou{n} is al redy \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feilk\n\u00feing \u00feat symply is on \u00feing wi\u00fe outen ony diuisiou{n}. \u00fee errour {and}\nfolie of mankynde departe\u00fe {and} diuidi\u00fe it. {and} misledi\u00fe it {and}\nt{ra}nsporte\u00fe from verray {and} p{er}fit goode. to goodes \u00feat ben false\n{and} inp{er}fit. \u00b6\u00a0But seye me \u00feis. wenest \u00feou \u00feat he \u00feat ha\u00fe nede of\npower \u00feat hy{m} ne lakke\u00fe no \u00feing. Nay q{uo}d .I \u00b6\u00a0Certis q{uo}d she \u00feou\nseist ary\u021dt. For yif so be \u00fe{a}t \u00feer is a \u00feing \u00feat in any p{ar}tie be\nfieble of power. Certis as in \u00feat it most[e] nedes be nedy of foreine\nhelpe. \u00b6\u00a0Ri\u021dt so it is q{uo}d .I. Suffisaunce and power ben \u00fean of on\nkynde \u00b6\u00a0So seme\u00fe it q{uod} I. \u00b6\u00a0And demyst \u00feou q{uo}d she \u00feat a \u00feing \u00feat\nis of \u00feis manere. \u00feat is to seine suffisau{n}t {and} my\u021dty au\u021dt[e] to\nben dispised. or ellys \u00fe{a}t it be ry\u021dt digne of reuerences abouen alle\n\u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d I it nys no doute \u00feat it nis ry\u021dt wor\u00fei to ben\nreuerenced. \u00b6\u00a0Lat vs q{uo}d she \u00fean adden reuerence to suffisaunce {and}\nto power \u00b6\u00a0So \u00feat we demen \u00feat \u00feise \u00fere \u00feinges ben alle o \u00feing. \u00b6\u00a0Certis\nq{uo}d I lat vs adden it. yif we willen graunten \u00fee so\u00fee. what demest\n\u00feou \u00fean q{uo}d she is \u00feat a dirke \u00feing {and} nat noble \u00feat is\nsuffisau{n}t reu{er}ent {and} my\u021dty. or ellys \u00feat is ry\u021dt clere {and}\nry\u021dt noble of celebrete of renou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0Considere \u00fean q{uo}d she as we\nhan grau{n}tid her byforne. \u00feat he \u00feat ne ha\u00fe ne[de] of no \u00feing {and} is\nmost my\u021dty {and} most digne of hono{ur} yif hym nedi\u00fe any clernesse of\nrenou{n} whiche clernesse he my\u021dt[e] nat graunten of hym self. \u00b6\u00a0So \u00feat\nfor lakke of \u00feilke clerenesse he my\u021dt[e] seme febler on any syde or \u00fee\nmore outcaste. _Glosa._ \u00feis is to seyne nay. \u00b6\u00a0For who so \u00feat is\nsuffisau{n}t my\u021dty {and} reuerent. clernesse of renou{n} folwe\u00fe of \u00fee\nforseide \u00feinges. he ha\u00fe it alredy of hys suffisaunce. boice. I\u00a0may nat\nq{uo}d I denye it. \u00b6\u00a0But I mot graunten as it is. \u00feat \u00feis \u00feing be ry\u021dt\ncelebrable by clernesse of renou{n} {and} noblesse. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean folwe\u00fe it\nq{uo}d she \u00feat we adden clernesse of renou{n} to \u00fee \u00fere forseide \u00feinges.\nso \u00feat \u00feer ne be amonges hem no difference. {and} \u00feis is a consequente\nq{uo}d .I. \u00feis \u00feing \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat ne ha\u00fe no nede of no foreine\n\u00feing. {and} \u00feat may don alle \u00feinges by his streng\u00fees. {and} \u00feat is noble\n{and} hono{ur}able. nis nat \u00feat a myrie \u00feing {and} a ioyful. _boice._\nbut wenest q{uo}d I \u00fe{a}t any sorow my\u021dt[e] comen to \u00feis \u00feing \u00feat is\nswiche. \u00b6\u00a0Certys I may nat \u00feinke. _P._ \u00b6\u00a0\u00feanne moten we graunt[e] q{uod}\nshe \u00feat \u00feis \u00feing be ful of gladnesse yif \u00fee \u00feorseide \u00feinges be so\u00fee.\n\u00b6\u00a0And also certys mote we graunten. \u00feat suffisaunce power noblesse\nreuerence {and} gladnesse ben only dyuerse bynames. but hir substaunce\nha\u00fe no diu{er}site. _Boice._ It mot nedely be so q{uo}d .I. _P._ \u00feilke\n\u00feinge \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat is oon {and} simple i{n} his nature. \u00fee\nwikkednesse of men departi\u00fe it diuidi\u00fe it. {and} whan \u00feei enforcen hem\nto gete p{ar}tie of a \u00feing \u00feat ne ha\u00fe no part. \u00feei ne geten hem nei\u00feer\n\u00feilk[e] p{ar}tie \u00feat nis none. ne \u00fee \u00feing al hole \u00feat \u00feei ne desire nat.\n_.b._ In whiche manere q{uo}d .I. _p._ \u00feilke man q{uo}d she \u00feat seke\u00fe\nrychesse to fleen pouerte. he ne trauayle\u00fe hym nat to for to gete power\nfor he ha\u00fe leuer ben dirk {and} vile. {and} eke wi\u00fedrawe\u00fe from hym selfe\nmany naturel delit\u021d for he nolde lesen \u00fee moneye \u00feat he ha\u00fe assembled.\nbut certis in \u00feis manere he ne geti\u00fe hym nat suffisaunce \u00feat power\nforleti\u00fe. {and} \u00feat moleste p{re}ke\u00fe. {and} \u00feat fil\u00fee make\u00fe outcaste.\n{and} \u00feat derknesse hide\u00fe. and certis he \u00fe{a}t desire\u00fe only power he\nwasti\u00fe {and} scatri\u00fe rychesse {and} dispise\u00fe delices {and} eke hono{ur}\n\u00feat is wi\u00fe out power. ne he ne p{re}ise\u00fe glorie no \u00feing. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feus\nseest \u00feou wel \u00feat many \u00fei{n}g{us} failen to hym. for he ha\u00fe somtyme\nfaute of many necessites. {and} many anguysses biten hym \u00b6\u00a0{and} whan he\nmay nat don \u00feo defautes awey. he forlete\u00fe to ben my\u021dty. {and} \u00feat is \u00fee\n\u00feing \u00feat he most desire\u00fe. {and} ry\u021dt \u00feus may I make semblable resou{n}s\nof hono{ur}s {and} of glorie {and} of delices. \u00b6\u00a0For so as euery of \u00feise\nforseide \u00feinges is \u00fee same \u00feat \u00feise o\u00feer \u00feinges ben. \u00feat is to sein. al\noon \u00feing. who so \u00feat euer seke\u00fe to geten \u00feat oon of \u00feise {and} nat \u00feat\no\u00feer. he ne gete\u00fe nat \u00feat he desire\u00fe. _Boice._ \u00b6\u00a0what seist \u00feou \u00fean yif\n\u00feat a man coueite\u00fe to geten alle \u00feise \u00feinges to gider. _P._ Certys\nq{uo}d she .I. wolde seie \u00feat he wolde geten hym souereyne blisfulnes.\nbut \u00feat shal he nat fynde in \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat .I. haue shewed \u00feat ne mowe\nnat \u021deuen \u00feat \u00feei by-heten. _boice._ Certys no q{uo}d .I. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean q{uod}\nshe ne sholden men nat by no weye seken blysfulnesse in swiche \u00feinges as\nmen wenen \u00feat \u00feei ne mowe \u021deuen but o \u00feing senglely of alle \u00fe{a}t me{n}\nseken. I\u00a0graunt[e] wel q{uo}d .I. ne no so\u00feer \u00feing ne may nat ben said.\n_P._ \u00b6\u00a0Now hast \u00feou \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00fee forme {and} \u00fee causes of false\nwelefulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0Now turne {and} flitte \u00fee eyen of \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt. for \u00feere\nshalt \u00feou seen an oon \u00feilk verray blysfulnesse \u00fe{a}t I haue byhy\u021dt \u00feee.\n_b._ Certys q{uo}d .I. it is cler {and} opyn. \u00feou\u021d \u00feat it were to a\nblynde man. {and} \u00feat shewedest \u00feou me [ful wel] a lytel her byforne.\nwhan \u00feou enforcedest \u00fee to shewe me \u00fee causes of \u00fee false blysfulnesse\n\u00b6\u00a0For but yif I be by-giled. \u00fean is \u00feilke \u00fee verray p{er}fit\nblisfulnesse \u00feat p{er}fitly maki\u00fe a man suffisau{n}t. my\u021dty.\nhono{ur}able noble. {and} ful of gladnesse. {and} for \u00feou shalt wel\nknowe \u00feat I haue wel vndirstonden \u00feise \u00feinges wi\u00fe i{n}ne myne herte.\nI\u00a0knowe wel \u00feilke blisfulnesse \u00feat may verrayly \u021deuen on of \u00fee forseide\n\u00feinges syn \u00feei ben al oon .I. knowe douteles \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing is \u00fee fulle\nof blysfulnesse. _P._ O my nurry q{uod} she by \u00feis oppiniou{n} q{uo}d\nshe I sey[e] \u00feat \u00feou art blisful yif \u00feou putte \u00feis \u00feer to \u00feat I shal\nseine. what is \u00feat q{uo}d .I. \u00b6\u00a0Trowest \u00feou \u00feat \u00feer be any \u00feing in \u00feis\ner\u00feely mortal toumblyng \u00feinges \u00feat may bryngen \u00feis estat. Certys q{uo}d\nI trowe it nat. {and} \u00feou hast shewed me wel \u00feat ouer \u00feilke goode \u00feer is\nno \u00feing more to ben desired. _P._ \u00feise \u00feinges \u00fean q{uo}d she. \u00feat is to\nseyne er\u00feely suffisaunce {and} power. {and} swiche \u00feinges ey\u00feer \u00feei\nsemen likenesse of verray goode. or ellys it seme\u00fe \u00feat \u00feei \u021deuen to\nmortal folk a maner of goodes \u00feat ne ben nat perfit. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00feilke goode\n\u00feat is verray {and} p{er}fit. \u00feat may \u00feei nat \u021deuen. _boice._ I. accorde\nme wel q{uo}d .I. \u00fean q{uo}d she for as moche as \u00feou hast knowen whiche\nis \u00feilke verray blisfulnesse. {and} eke whiche \u00feilke \u00feinges ben \u00feat lien\nfalsly blisfulnesse. \u00feat is to seyne. \u00feat by desceit seme{n} verray\ngoodes. \u00b6\u00a0Now byhoue\u00fe \u00fee to knowe{n} whennes {and} where \u00feou mowe\nseek[e] \u00feilke verray blisfulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d I \u00feat desijr I gretly\n{and} haue abiden longe tyme to herkene it. \u00b6\u00a0But for as moche q{uo}d\nshe as it like\u00fe to my disciple plato in his book of i{n} thimeo. \u00feat in\nry\u021dt lytel \u00feinges men sholde bysechen \u00fee helpe of god. \u00b6\u00a0what iugest \u00feou\n\u00feat be [now] to done so \u00feat we may deserue to fynde \u00fee sete of \u00feilke\nsouereyne goode. _B._ \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d .I. I. deme \u00feat we shulle clepen\nto \u00fee fadir of alle goodes. \u00b6\u00a0For wi\u00fe outen hym nis \u00feer no \u00feing founden\nary\u021dt. \u00feou seist a-ry\u021dt q{uo}d she. and bygan on-one to syngen ry\u021dt \u00feus.\n\n\nO QUI PERPETUA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 9^ne Met{ur}.]]\n\n++O \u00feou fadir creatour of heuene {and} of er\u00fees \u00feat gouernest \u00feis worlde\nby p{er}durable resou{n} \u00feat comaundist \u00fee tymes for to gon from tyme\n\u00feat age had[de] bygy{n}ny{n}g. \u00feou \u00feat dwellest \u00fei self ay stedfast\n{and} stable {and} \u021diuest alle o\u00feer \u00feinges to ben moeued. ne forein\ncauses necesseden \u00fee neuer to co{m}poune werke of floterynge mater. but\nonly \u00fee forme of souereyne goode y-set wi\u00fe i{n}ne [\u00fee] wi\u00fe outen envie\n\u00feat moeued[e] \u00fee frely. \u00feou \u00feat art al\u00feerfairest beryng \u00fee faire worlde\nin \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt. formedest \u00feis worlde to \u00fee likkenesse semblable of \u00feat\nfaire worlde in \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt. \u00feou drawest alle \u00feinges of \u00fei souereyne\nensampler. {and} comaundedist \u00feat \u00feis worlde p{er}fitlyche ymaked haue\nfrely {and} absolut hyse p{er}fit parties. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feou byndest \u00fee element\u021d by\nnoumbres p{ro}porcionables. \u00feat \u00fee colde \u00feinges mowen accorde wi\u00fe \u00fee\nhote \u00feinges. {and} \u00fee drye \u00fei{n}ges wi\u00fe \u00fee moyst \u00feinges. \u00feat \u00fee fire \u00feat\nis purest ne fleye nat ouer heye. ne \u00feat \u00fee heuynesse ne drawe nat\nadou{n} ouer lowe \u00fee er\u00fees \u00feat ben plounged in \u00fee watres. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feou knyttest\nto-gidre \u00fee mene soule of treble kynde moeuyng alle \u00feinges. {and}\ndiuidest it by membres accordynge. \u00b6\u00a0And whan it is \u00feus diuided it ha\u00fe\nassembled a moeuyng in two roundes. \u00b6\u00a0It go\u00fe to to{ur}ne a\u021dein to hym\nowen self. {and} environe\u00fe a fulle deep \u00feou\u021dt. {and} to{ur}ni\u00fe \u00fee heuene\nby semblable ymage. \u00feou by eue{n}lyk causes enhau{n}sest \u00fee soules {and}\n\u00fee lasse liues {and} ablynge hem heye by ly\u021dt[e] cartes. \u00feou sewest hem\nin to heuene {and} in to er\u00fee. {and} whan \u00feei ben conuertid to \u00fee by \u00fei\nbenigne lawe. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feou makest hem retorne a\u021deine to \u00fee by a\u021dein ledyng\nfijr. \u00b6\u00a0O fadir yif \u00feou to \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt to stien vp in to \u00fei streite sete.\n{and} graunte [hym] to enviroune \u00fee welle of good. {and} \u00fee ly\u021dte\nyfounde graunte hym to ficchen \u00fee clere sy\u021dtes of hys corage in \u00fee.\n\u00b6\u00a0And scatre \u00feou {and} to-breke [thow] \u00fee wey\u021dtes {and} \u00fee cloudes of\ner\u00feely heuynesse. {and} shyne \u00feou by \u00fei bry\u021dtnes. for \u00feou art clernesse\n\u00feou art peisible to debonaire folke. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feou \u00fei self art bygy{n}ny{n}ge.\nberere. ledere. pa\u00fe {and} t{er}me to loke on \u00fee [\u00feat] is oure ende.\n_Glose._\n\n\nQUONIAM IGITUR QUI SCIT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 10^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n++FOr as moche \u00fean as \u00feou hast seyn. whiche is \u00fee forme of goode \u00feat nys\nnat p{er}fit. {and} whiche is \u00fee forme of goode \u00feat is p{er}fit. now\ntrowe I \u00feat it were goode to shewe in what \u00feis p{er}fecc{i}ou{n} of\nblisfulnesse is set. {and} in \u00feis \u00feing I trowe \u00feat we sholden first\nenquere forto witen yif \u00feat any swiche manere goode as \u00feilke goode \u00feat\n\u00feou hast diffinissed a lytel her byforne. \u00feat is to seine souereyne\ngoode may be founden in \u00fee nature of \u00feinges. For \u00feat veyne\nymaginac{i}ou{n} of \u00feou\u021dt ne desceiue vs nat. {and} putte vs oute of \u00fee\nso\u00feefastnesse of \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00feat is su{m}myttid to vs. \u00feis is to seyne.\nbut it may nat ben denoyed \u00feat \u00feilke goode ne is. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feat it nis ry\u021dt\nas a welle of alle goodes. \u00b6\u00a0For al \u00feing \u00feat is cleped i{n}p{er}fit. is\nproued i{n}p{er}fit by \u00fee amenusynge of p{er}fecc{i}ou{n}. or of \u00feing\n\u00feat is p{er}fit. {and} her of come\u00fe it. \u00feat in euery \u00feing general. yif\n\u00feat. \u00feat men seen any \u00feing \u00feat is i{n}p{er}fit certys in \u00feilke general\n\u00feer mot ben so{m}me \u00feing \u00feat is p{er}fit. \u00b6\u00a0For yif so be \u00feat\np{er}fecc{i}ou{n} is don awey. men may nat \u00feinke nor seye fro whe{n}nes\n\u00feilke \u00feing is \u00feat is cleped inperfit. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00fee nature of \u00feinges ne token\nnat her bygynnyng of \u00feinges amenused {and} i{n}p{er}fit. but it\np{ro}cedi\u00fe of \u00fei{n}g{us} \u00feat ben al hool. {and} absolut. {and} descende\u00fe\nso doune in to outerest \u00feinges {and} in to \u00fei{n}g{us} empty {and} wi\u00fe\noute fruyt. but as I haue shewed a litel her byforne. \u00feat yif \u00feer be a\nblisfulnesse \u00feat be frele {and} vein {and} inp{er}fit. \u00feer may no man\ndoute. \u00feat \u00feer nys som blisfulnesse \u00feat is sad stedfast {and} p{er}fit.\nb. \u00feis is concludid q{uo}d I fermely {and} so\u00feefastly. _P._ But\nco{n}sidere also q{uo}d she in wham \u00feis blisfulnesse enhabite\u00fe. \u00fee\nco{m}mune acordaunce {and} conceite of \u00fee corages of men p{ro}ue\u00fe {and}\ngraunte\u00fe \u00feat god p{r}ince of alle \u00fei{n}g{us} is good. \u00b6\u00a0For so as no\n\u00feing ne may ben \u00feou\u021dt bettre \u00fean god. it may nat ben douted \u00fean \u00feat [he\n\u00fe{a}t] no \u00feing is bettre. \u00feat he nys good. \u00b6\u00a0Certys resou{n} shewe\u00fe \u00feat\ngod is so goode \u00feat it p{ro}ue\u00fe by verray force \u00feat p{er}fit goode is in\nhym. \u00b6\u00a0For yif god ne is swiche. he ne may nat ben p{r}ince of alle\n\u00feinges. for certis som \u00feing possessyng in hy{m} self p{er}fit goode\nsholde ben more \u00fean god. {and} [it] sholde seme \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing were\nfirst {and} elder \u00fean god. \u00b6\u00a0For we han shewed ap{er}tly \u00feat alle \u00feinges\n\u00feat ben p{er}fit. ben first or \u00feinges \u00feat ben inperfit. \u00b6\u00a0And for \u00fei for\nas moche as [that] my resou{n} or my p{ro}ces ne go nat awey wi\u00feoute an\nende. we ou\u021dt[e] to graunten \u00feat \u00fee souereyne god is ry\u021dt ful of\nsouereyne p{er}fit goode. and we han establissed \u00feat \u00fee souereyne goode\nis verrey blisfulnesse. \u00fean mot it nedes ben [\u00fe{a}t verray blysfulnesse\nis] yset i{n} souereyne god. _B._ \u00feis take I wel q{uo}d .I. ne \u00feis ne\nmay nat be wi\u00feseid in no manere. \u00b6\u00a0But I p{re}ie \u00fee q{uo}d she see now\nhow \u00feou mayst preuen holily {and} wi\u00fe-oute{n} corrupciou{n} \u00feis \u00feat I\nhaue seid. \u00feat \u00fee souereyne god is ry\u021dt ful of souereyne goode. [In\nwhych man{er}e q{uo}d I.] wenest \u00feou ou\u021dt q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00feis p{r}ince of\nalle \u00feinges haue ytake \u00feilke souereyne good any where \u00fean of hym self.\n\u00b6\u00a0of whiche souereyne goode men p{ro}ue\u00fe \u00feat he is ful ry\u021dt as \u00feou\nmy\u021dtest \u00feinken. \u00feat god \u00feat ha\u00fe blisfulnesse in hym self. {and} \u00feat ilke\nblisfulnesse \u00feat is in hym were diu{er}s in substaunce. \u00b6\u00a0For yif \u00feou\nwene \u00feat god haue receyued \u00feilke good oute of hy{m} self. \u00feou mayst wene\n\u00feat he \u00feat \u021daf \u00feilke good to god. be more goode \u00fean is god. \u00b6\u00a0But I am\nbyknowen {and} confesse {and} \u00feat ry\u021dt dignely \u00feat god is ry\u021dt wor\u00fei\nabouen alle \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0And yif so be \u00feat \u00feis good be in hym by nature.\nbut \u00feat it is diu{er}s from [hym] by wenyng resou{n}. syn we speke of\ngod p{r}ince of alle \u00feinges feyne who so feyne may. who was he \u00feat\n[hath] co{n}ioigned \u00feise diu{er}s \u00feinges to-gidre. {and} eke at \u00fee\nlast[e] se wel \u00feat o \u00feing \u00feat is diu{er}s from any \u00feing. \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing\nnis nat \u00feat same \u00feing. fro whiche it is vndirstonde{n} to ben diu{er}s.\n\u00fean folwe\u00fe it. \u00feat \u00feilke \u00fei{n}g \u00feat by hys nature is dyuers from\nsouereyne good. \u00feat \u00feat \u00feing nys nat souereyne good. but certys \u00feat were\na felonous corsednesse to \u00feinken \u00feat of hym. \u00feat no \u00feing nis more wor\u00fee.\nFor alwey of alle \u00feinges. \u00fee nat{ur}e of hem ne may nat ben better \u00fean\nhis bygy{n}nyng. \u00b6\u00a0For whiche I may concluden by ry\u021dt uerray resou{n}.\n\u00feat \u00feilke \u00feat is bygynnyng of alle \u00feinges. \u00feilke same \u00feing is good in\nhis substaunce. _B._ \u00feou hast seid ry\u021dtfully q{uo}d .I. _P._ But we han\ngraunted q{uo}d she \u00feat souereyne good is blysfulnes. \u00feat is so\u00fee q{uo}d\n.I. \u00fean q{uo}d she mote we nedes graunten {and} confessen \u00feat \u00feilke same\nsouereyne goode be god. \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d .I. I\u00a0ne may nat denye ne\nwi\u00festonde \u00fee resou{n}s p{ur}posed. and I see wel \u00feat it folwe\u00fe by\nstreng\u00fee of \u00fee p{re}misses. \u00b6\u00a0Loke nowe q{uo}d she yif \u00feis be proued\n[yit] more fermely \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat \u00feer ne mowen nat ben two souereyne goodes\n\u00feat ben diuerse amo[n]ges hem self. \u00feat on is nat \u00feat \u00feat o\u00feer is. \u00fean\n[ne] mowen nei\u00feer of hem ben p{er}fit. so as ey\u00feer of hem lakki\u00fe to\no\u00feir. but \u00feat \u00feat nis nat p{er}fit men may seen apertly \u00feat it nis nat\nsouereyne. \u00fee \u00feinges \u00fean \u00feat ben souereynely goode ne mowen by no wey\nben diuerse. \u00b6\u00a0But I haue wel conclude \u00feat blisfulnesse {and} god ben\n[the] souereyne goode. For whiche it mot nedes be \u00feat souereyne\nblisfulnesse is souerey[ne] dyuynite. \u00b6\u00a0No \u00feing q{uo}d I nis more\nso\u00feefast \u00fean \u00feis ne more ferme by resou{n}. ne a more wor\u00fei \u00feing \u00fean god\nmay nat ben concluded. _P._ vpon \u00feise \u00feinges \u00fean q{uo}d she. ry\u021dt as\n\u00feise geometriens whan \u00feei han shewed her p{ro}posiciou{n}s ben wont to\nbrynge{n} in \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei clepen porismes or declarac{i}ou{n}s of\nforseide \u00feinges. ry\u021dt so wil I \u021deue \u00fee here as a corolarie or a mede of\ncoroune. For whi. for as moche as by \u00fee getynge of blisfulnesse men ben\nmaked blysful. {and} blisfulnesse is diuinite. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean is it manifest\n{and} open \u00feat by \u00fee gety{n}g of diuinite men ben makid blisful. ry\u021dt as\nby \u00fee getynge of iustice . . . {and} by \u00fee getyng of sapience \u00feei ben\nmaked wise. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt so nedes by \u00fee semblable resou{n} wha{n} \u00feei han\ngetyn diuinite \u00feei ben maked goddys. \u00fean is euery blisful man god. \u00b6\u00a0But\ncertis by nature. \u00feer nys but oon god. but by \u00fee p{ar}ticipac{i}ou{n}s\nof diuinite \u00feere ne lette\u00fe ne disturbe\u00fe no \u00feing \u00feat \u00feer ne ben many\ngoddes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis is q{uo}d .I. a faire \u00feing {and} a p{re}cious. \u00b6\u00a0Clepe it\nas \u00fe{o}u wolt. be it corolarie or porisme or mede of coroune or\ndeclarynges \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d she no \u00feing nis fairer. \u00fean is \u00fee \u00feing \u00feat\nby resou{n} sholde ben added to \u00feise forseide \u00feinges. what \u00feing q{uo}d\n.I. \u00b6\u00a0So q{uo}d she as it seme\u00fe \u00feat blisfulnesse conteni\u00fe many \u00feinges.\nit were forto witen whe\u00feir [\u00fe{a}t] alle \u00feise \u00feinges maken or conioignen\nas a maner body of blysfulnesse by diuersite of parties or [of]\nme{m}bris. Or ellys yif any of alle \u00feilke \u00fei{n}g{us} be swyche \u00feat it\nacomplise by hy{m} self \u00fee substaunce of blisfulnesse. so \u00feat alle \u00feise\no\u00feer \u00feinges ben referred and brou\u021dt to blisfulnesse. \u00feat is to seyne as\nto \u00fee chief of hem. \u00b6\u00a0I wolde q{uo}d I \u00feat \u00feou makedest me clerly to\nvndirstonde what \u00feou seist. {and} \u00feat \u00feou recordest me \u00fee forseide\n\u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0Haue I nat iuged q{uo}d she. \u00feat blisfulnesse is goode. \u021dis\nforso\u00fee q{uo}d .I. {and} \u00feat souereyne goode. \u00b6\u00a0Adde \u00fean q{uo}d she\n\u00feilke goode \u00feat is maked blisfulnes to alle \u00fee forseide \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0For\n\u00feilke same blisfulnesse \u00feat is demed to ben souereyne suffisaunce. \u00feilke\nself is souereyne power. souereyne reuerence. sou{er}eyne clernesse or\nnoblesse {and} souereyne delit. what seist \u00feou \u00fean of alle \u00feise \u00feinges.\n\u00feat is to seyne. suffisance power {and} \u00feise o\u00feer \u00feinges. ben \u00feei \u00fean as\nmembris of blisfulnesse. or ben \u00feei referred {and} brou\u021dt to souereyne\ngood. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt as alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben brou\u021dt to \u00fee chief of hem. b.\nI\u00a0vndirstonde wel q{uo}d .I. what \u00feou p{ur}posest to seke. but I\ndesijr[e] to herkene \u00feat \u00feou shewe it me. _p._ Take now \u00feus \u00fee\ndiscressiou{n} of \u00feis questiou{n} q{uo}d she. yif al \u00feise \u00feinges q{uo}d\nshe weren membris to felicite. \u00fean weren \u00feei diu{er}se \u00feat oon fro \u00feat\no\u00feer. \u00b6\u00a0And swiche is \u00fee nat{ur}e of p{ar}ties or of membris. \u00feat\ndyuerse me{m}bris compounen a body. \u00b6\u00a0Certis q{uo}d I it ha\u00fe wel ben\nshewed her byforne. \u00feat alle \u00feise \u00feinges ben alle on \u00feing. \u00fean ben \u00feei\nnone membris q{uo}d she. for ellys it sholde seme \u00feat blisfulnesse were\nconioigned al of one membre alone. but \u00feat is a \u00fei{n}g \u00feat may nat ben\ndoon. \u00feis \u00feing q{uo}d .I. nys nat doutous. but I abide to herkene \u00fee\nremenaunt of \u00fee questiou{n}. \u00feis is ope{n} {and} clere q{uo}d she. \u00feat\nalle o\u00feer \u00feinges ben referred {and} brou\u021dt to goode. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feerfore is\nsuffisaunce requered. For it is demed to ben good. {and} for\u00fei is power\nrequered. for men trowen also \u00feat it be goode. and \u00feis same \u00feing mowe we\n\u00feinken {and} coueiten of reuerence {and} of noblesse {and} of delit. \u00fean\nis souereyne good \u00fee soume {and} \u00fee cause of alle \u00feat au\u021dt[e] be\ndesired. forwhi \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat wi\u00fe-holde\u00fe no good in it self ne\nsemblaunce of goode it ne may nat wel in no manere be desired ne\nrequered. {and} \u00fee contrarie. For \u00feou\u021d \u00feat \u00feinges by hir nature ne ben\nnat goode algates yif men wene \u00feat \u00feei be{n} goode \u021dit ben \u00feei desired\nas \u00feou\u021d [\u00fe{a}t] \u00feei were verrayly goode. {and} \u00feerfore is it \u00feat men\nau\u021dte{n} to wene by ry\u021dt \u00feat bounte be souereyne fyn {and} \u00fee cause of\nalle \u00feinges \u00feat ben to requeren. \u00b6\u00a0But certis \u00feilke \u00fe{a}t is cause for\nwhiche men requeren any \u00feing. \u00b6\u00a0it seme\u00fe \u00feat \u00feilke same \u00feing be most\ndesired. as \u00feus yif \u00feat a wy\u021dt wolde ryde for cause of hele. he ne\ndesire\u00fe nat so mychel \u00fee moeuyng to ryden as \u00fee effect of his heele. Now\n\u00fean syn \u00feat alle \u00feinges ben requered for \u00fee grace of good. \u00feei ne ben\n[nat] desired of alle folk more \u00fean \u00fee same good \u00b6\u00a0But we han graunted\n\u00feat blysfulnesse is \u00feat \u00feing for whiche \u00feat alle \u00feise o\u00feer \u00feinges ben\ndesired. \u00fean is it \u00feus \u00feat certis only blisfulnesse is requered {and}\ndesired \u00b6\u00a0By whiche \u00feing it shewe\u00fe clerely \u00feat good {and} blisfulnesse\nis al oone {and} \u00fee same substaunce. \u00b6\u00a0I se nat q{uo}d I wher fore \u00feat\nmen my\u021dt[en] discorden in \u00feis. _p._ {and} we han shewed \u00feat god {and}\nverrey blysfulnesse is al oon \u00feing \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat is so\u00fee q{uod} .I. \u00fean mowe we\nconclude sikerly \u00fe{a}t \u00fee substaunce of god is set in \u00feilke same good\n{and} in noon o\u00feer place.\n\n\nNUNC OMNES PARITER {ET}C.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 10^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n++O Come\u00fe alle to-gidre now \u021de \u00feat ben ycau\u021dt {and} ybounde wi\u00fe\nwicked[e] cheines by \u00fee deceiuable delit of er\u00feely \u00feinges inhabytynge in\n\u021doure \u00feou\u021dt. here shal ben \u00fee reste of \u021doure laboures. here is \u00fee hauene\nstable in peisible quiete. \u00feis al oone is \u00fee open refut to wreches.\n_Glosa._ \u00feis is to seyn. \u00feat \u021de \u00feat ben combred {and} deceyued wi\u00fe\nworldly affecc{i}ou{n}s come\u00fe now to \u00feis souereyne good \u00feat is god. \u00feat\nis refut to hem \u00feat wolen come to hym. _Textus._ \u00b6\u00a0Alle \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat \u00fee\nryuere Tagus \u021diue\u00fe \u021dow wi\u00fe his golden[e] grauels. or ellys alle \u00fee\n\u00feynges \u00feat \u00fee ryuere herm{us}. \u021diue\u00fe wi\u00fe his rede brynke. or \u00feat yndus\n\u021diue\u00fe \u00feat is nexte \u00fee hote p{ar}tie of \u00fee worlde. \u00feat medele\u00fe \u00fee grene\nstones (smaragd{e}) wi\u00fe \u00fee white (margarits). ne sholde nat cleren \u00fee\nlokynge of \u021doure \u00feo\u021dt. but hiden ra\u00feer \u021doure blynde corages wi\u00fe i{n}ne\nhire dirkenesse \u00b6\u00a0Alle \u00feat like\u00fe \u021dow here {and} exciti\u00fe {and} moeue\u00fe\n\u021doure \u00feou\u021dtes. \u00fee er\u00fee ha\u00fe noryshed it in hys lowe caues. but \u00fee shynyng\nby \u00fee whiche \u00fee heuene is gouerned {and} whennes \u00feat it ha\u00fe hys streng\u00fee\n\u00feat chase\u00fe \u00fee derke ouer\u00ferowyng of \u00fee soule. \u00b6\u00a0And who so euer may\nknowen \u00feilke ly\u021dt of blisfulnesse. he shal wel seine \u00feat \u00fee white bemes\nof \u00fee sonne ne ben nat cleer.\n\n\nASSENCIOR INQ{UA}M CUNCTA. Boice.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 11 p{ro}se.]]\n\n++I assent[e] me q{uo}d .I. For alle \u00feise \u00feinges ben strongly bounden\nwi\u00fe ry\u021dt ferme resou{n}s. how mychel wilt \u00feou p{re}isen it q{uo}d she.\nyif \u00feat \u00feou knowe what \u00feilke goode is. I\u00a0wol p{re}ise it q{uo}d I by\nprice wi\u00fe outen ende. \u00b6\u00a0yif it shal bytyde me to knowe also to-gidre god\n\u00feat is good. \u00b6\u00a0certys q{uo}d she \u00fe{a}t shal I do \u00fee by verray resou{n}.\nyif \u00feat \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat I haue conclude[d] a litel her by forne dwellen\noonly in hir first[e] graunty{n}g. _Boice._ \u00feei dwellen graunted to \u00fee\nq{uo}d .I. \u00feis is to seyne as who sei\u00fe .I. graunt \u00fei forseide\nconclusiou{n}s. \u00b6\u00a0Haue I nat shewed \u00fee q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben\nrequered of many folke. ne ben nat verray goodes ne p{er}fit. for \u00feei\nben diu{er}se \u00feat oon fro \u00feat o\u00feer. {and} so as eche of hem is lakkyng\nto o\u00feer. \u00feei ne han no power to bryngen a good \u00fe{a}t is ful {and}\nabsolute. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00fean atte arst ben \u00feei verray good whan \u00feei ben gadred\nto-gidre al in to a forme {and} in to oon wirchy{n}g. so \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing\n\u00feat is suffisaunce. \u00feilk same be power {and} reuerence. {and} noblesse\n{and} mir\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0And forso\u00fee but alle \u00feise \u00fei{n}ges ben alle o same \u00feing\n\u00feei ne han nat wher by \u00feat \u00feei mowen ben put in \u00fee nou{m}bre of \u00feinges.\n\u00feat au\u021dten ben requered or desired. _b._ \u00b6\u00a0It is shewed q{uo}d .I. ne\nher of may \u00feer no man douten. _p._ \u00fee \u00feinges \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat ne ben\nnone goodes whan \u00feei ben diu{er}se. {and} whan \u00feei bygynnen to ben al o\n\u00feing. \u00fean ben \u00feei goodes. ne comi\u00fe it hem nat \u00fean by \u00fee getynge of unite\n\u00feat \u00feei ben maked goodes. _b._ so it seme\u00fe q{uo}d .I. but alle \u00feing \u00feat\nis good q{uo}d she grauntest \u00feou \u00feat it be good by p{ar}ticipac{i}ou{n}\nof good or no. \u00b6\u00a0I graunt[e] it q{uo}d .I. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean mayst \u00feou graunt[en] it\nq{uo}d she by sembleable resou{n} \u00feat oon {and} good ben o same \u00feing.\n\u00b6\u00a0For of \u00feinges [of] whiche \u00feat \u00fee effect nis nat naturely diuerse nedys\n\u00fee substaunce mot ben o same \u00feinge. I\u00a0ne may nat denye it q{uo}d I.\n\u00b6\u00a0Hast \u00feou nat knowen wel q{uo}d she. \u00feat al \u00feing \u00feat is ha\u00fe so longe\nhis dwellyng {and} his substaunce. as longe is it oone. \u00b6\u00a0but wha{n} it\nforleti\u00fe to ben oone it mot nedis dien {and} corrumpe togidre. \u00b6\u00a0In\nwhiche manere q{uo}d .I. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt as in beestes q{uod} she. whan \u00fee soule\n{and} \u00fee body ben co{n}ioigned in oon {and} dwellen to-gidre it is\ncleped a beest. {and} whan hire vnite is destroied by disseueraunce \u00feat\noon fram \u00fe{a}t o\u00feir. \u00fean shewe\u00fe it wel \u00feat it is a dede \u00fei{n}g. {and}\n\u00feat it is no lenger no beste. {and} \u00fee body of a wy\u021dt while it dwelle\u00fe\nin oon forme by coniuncc{i}ou{n} of membris it is wel seyn \u00feat it is a\nfigure of mankynde. and yif \u00fee partyes of \u00fee body ben [so] diuide[d]\n{and} disseuered \u00feat oon fro \u00feat o\u00feir \u00feat \u00feei destroien vnite. \u00fee body\nforleti\u00fe to ben \u00feat it was byforne. \u00b6\u00a0And who so wolde renne in \u00fee same\nmanere by alle \u00feinges he sholde seen \u00feat wi\u00fe outen doute euery \u00feinge is\nin his substaunce as longe as it is oon. {and} whan it forleti\u00fe to ben\noon it die\u00fe {and} p{er}issi\u00fe. _boice._ whan I considre q{uo}d I many\n\u00feinges I see noon o\u00fe{er}. \u00b6\u00a0Is \u00feer any \u00feing \u00feanne q{uo}d she \u00feat in as\nmoche as it lyue\u00fe naturely. \u00feat forleti\u00fe \u00fee appetit or talent of hys\nbeynge. {and} desire\u00fe to come to dee\u00fe {and} to corrupc{i}ou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0yif I\nconsidere q{uod} I \u00fee beestes \u00feat han any manere nature of willy{n}ge or\nof nillynge I ne fynde no \u00feing. but yif it be constreyned fro wi\u00fe out\nfor\u00fee. \u00feat forleti\u00fe or dispise\u00fe to lyue {and} to dure{n} or \u00feat wole his\n\u00feankes hasten hy{m} to dien. \u00b6\u00a0For euery beest trauayle\u00fe hy{m} to\ndefende {and} kepe \u00fee sauuac{i}ou{n} of lijf. {and} eschewe\u00fe dee\u00fe {and}\ndestrucc{i}ou{n}. _b._ but certys I doute me of herbes {and} of trees.\n\u00feat is to seyn \u00feat I am in a doute of swiche \u00feinges as herbes or trees\n\u00feat ne han no fely{n}g soule. ne no naturel wirchynges seruy{n}g to\nappetite as beestes han whe\u00feer \u00feei han appetite to dwelle{n} {and} to\nduren. \u00b6\u00a0Certis q{uo}d she ne \u00feer of \u00fear \u00fee nat doute. \u00b6\u00a0Now look vpon\n\u00feise herbes {and} \u00feise trees. \u00feei waxen firste in swiche place as be{n}\ncouenable to hem. in whiche place \u00feei ne mowen nat sone dien ne dryen\nas longe as hire nature may defenden he{m}. \u00b6\u00a0For some of hem waxen\nin feldes {and} some in mou{n}taignes. {and} o\u00feir waxen i{n} mareis.\n[_A\u00a0leaf lost here, and supplied from C._] [{and} oothre cleuyn on\nRoches / {and} soume waxen plentyuos in sondes / {and} yif \u00fe{a}t any\nwyht enforce hym to beryn hem in to oother places / they wexen drye //\nFor natur{e} yeueth to eu{er}y thing \u00fe{a}t / \u00fe{a}t is co{n}uenient to\nhym {and} trauaylith \u00fe{a}t they ne dye nat as longe as they han power to\ndwellyn {and} to lyuen // what woltow seyn of this / \u00fe{a}t they drawen\nalle hyr norysshynges by hyr rootes / ryht as they haddyn hyr Mowthes\nI.-plounged w{i}t{h} in the erthes / {and} shedyn by hyr maryes (i.\nmedull{as}) hyr wode {and} hyr bark / {and} what woltow seyn of this\n\u00fe{a}t thilke thing / \u00fe{a}t is ryht softe as the marye (i. sapp) is /\n\u00fe{a}t is alwey hidd in the feete al w{i}t{h} inne {and} \u00fe{a}t it is\ndefendid fro w{i}t{h} owte by the stidefastnesse of wode // {and} \u00fe{a}t\nthe vttereste bark is put ayenis the destemprau{n}ce of the heuene / as\na defendowr myhty to suffren harm / {and} thus certes maystow wel sen /\nhow gret is the diligence of natur{e} / For alle thinges renouelen {and}\npupllisen hem w{i}t{h} seed .I.-multiplyed / nether nis no man \u00fe{a}t ne\nwot wel \u00fe{a}t they ne ben ryht as a foundement {and} edyfice for to\nduren / nat only for a tyme / but ryht as forto duren p{er}durablely by\ngeneracyou{n} // {and} the thinges ek \u00fe{a}t men wenen ne hauen none\nsowles / ne desir{e} they nat ech of hem by sem[b]lable resou{n} to\nkepyn \u00fe{a}t that is hirs / \u00fe{a}t is to seyn \u00fe{a}t is acordynge to hyr\nnatur{e} in conseruaciou{n} of hyr beynge {and} endurynge // For wher\nfor elles berith lythnesse the flaumbes vp / {and} the weyhte p{re}sseth\nthe erthe a-dou{n} // but For as moche as thilke places and thilke\nmoeuynges ben couenable to eu{er}ich of hem // {and} forsothe eu{er}y\nthing kepith thilke \u00fe{a}t is acordynge {and} propre to hym // ryht as\nthinges \u00fe{a}t ben contraryes {and} enemys corompen hem // {and} yit the\nharde thinges as stoones clyuen {and} holden hyr partyes to gydere ryht\nfaste {and} harde / {and} deffenden hem in withstondenge \u00fe{a}t they ne\ndeparte nat lyhtly a twyne // {and} the thinges \u00fe{a}t ben softe {and}\nfletynge as is water {and} Eyr they departyn lyhtly // {and} yeuen place\nto hem \u00fe{a}t brekyn or deuyden hem // but natheles they retorne{n} sone\nayein in to the same thinges fro whennes they ben arraced // but fyr\n[fleet\u0127] {and} refuseth alle deuysyou{n} / ne I. ne trete nat heer{e}\nnow of weleful moeuynges of the sowle \u00fe{a}t is knowynge // but of the\nnaturel entenciou{n} of thinges // As thus ryht as we swolwe the mete\n\u00fe{a}t we resseyuen {and} ne thinke nat on it / {and} as we drawen owr{e}\nbreth in slepynge \u00fe{a}t we wite it nat whil we slepyt // For certes in\nthe beestys the loue of hyr lyuynges ne of hyr beeinges ne comth nat of\nthe wilnynges of the sowle // but of the bygynnyngis of natur{e} // For\ncertes thorw constreynynge causes / wil desireth {and} embraceth ful\nofte tyme / the deth \u00fe{a}t natur{e} dredith // that is to seyn as thus\nthat a man may ben constreynyd so by som cause that his wil desireth and\ntaketh the deth which \u00fe{a}t natur{e} hateth {and} dredeth ful sore //\nAnd som tyme we seeth the contrarye / as thus that the wil of a wight /\ndestorbeth {and} constreyneth \u00fe{a}t \u00fe{a}t natur{e} desireth / and\nrequereth al-wey // that is to sein the werk of gen{er}aciou{n} / by the\nwhiche gen{er}aciou{n} only / dwelleth {and} is sustenyd the longe\ndurablete of mortal thinges // And thus this charite and this Loue \u00fe{a}t\neu{er}y thing hath to hym self ne comth nat of the moeuynge of the sowle\n/ but of the entenciou{n} of natur{e} // For the puruyance of god hat\nyeuen to thinges \u00fe{a}t ben creat of hym / this \u00fe{a}t is a ful gret cause\n/ to lyuen {and} to duren / for which they desiren naturelly hyr lyf as\nlonge as eu{er} they mowen // For w[h]ych thou maist nat drede by no\nmanere / that alle the thinges / that ben anywher{e} / that they ne\nrequeren naturelly / the ferme stablenesse of p{er}durable dwellynge /\nand ek the eschuynge of destruccyou{n} // B // now confesse I. wel\nq{uod} I. that I. see wel now certeynly / w{i}t{h} owte dowtes / the\nthinges that whylom semeden vncerteyn to me / P. // but q{uod} she\nthilke thyng \u00fe{a}t desiret\u0127 to be {and} to dwellyn p{er}durablely / he\ndesireth to ben oon // For yif \u00fe{a}t that oon weer{e} destroied //\ncertes beinge ne shulde ther non dwellyn to no wiht // that is sot\u0127\nq{uod} I. // Thanne q{uod} she desirin alle thinges oon // .I. assente\nq{uod} .I. // {and} I haue shewyd q{uod} she that thilke same oon is\nthilke that is good // B // ye forsothe q{uod} I. // Alle thinges thanne\nq{uod} she requyren good // And thilke good thanne [\u00feow] maist descryuen\nryht thus // Good is thilke thing \u00fe{a}t euery wyht desireth // Ther ne\nmay be thowht q{uod} .I. no moor{e} verray thing / for either alle\nthinges ben referred {and} browht to nowht / {and} floteryn w{i}t{h}\nowte gou{er}nour despoiled of oon / as of hir propre heued / or elles\nyif ther be any thinge / to which \u00fe{a}t alle thinges tenden {and} hyen /\nthat thing moste ben the souereyn good of alle goodes / P /. thanne\nseyde she thus // O my norry q{uod} she I haue gret gladnesse of the //\nFor thow hast fichched in thin herte the myddel sothtfastnesse // that\nis to seyn the prykke // but this thing hath ben descouered to the / in\nthat thow seydyst \u00fe{a}t thow wystest nat a lytel her by-forn // what was\nth{a}t q{uod} I. // That thow ne wystest nat q{uod} she whych was the\nende of thinges // and Certes that is the thing \u00fe{a}t eu{er}y wiht\ndesireth // and for as mochel as we han gaderid / {and} co{m}p{re}hendyd\nthat good is thilke thing that is desired of alle / thanne moten we\nnedes confessun / that good is the fyn of alle thinges.\n\n\nQUISQUIS P{RO}FUNDA MENTE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .11. Met{ru}m.]]\n\n++WHo so that sekith sot\u0127 by a deep thoght And coueyteth nat to ben\ndeseyuyd by no mys-weyes // lat hym rollen {and} trenden w{i}t{h} Inne\nhym self / the Lyht of his inward syhte // And lat hym gader{e} ayein\nenclynynge in to a compas the longe moeuynges of hys thowhtes / And lat\nhym techen his corage that he hath enclosed {and} hyd / in his tresors /\nal \u00fe{a}t he compaseth or sekith fro w{i}t{h} owte // And thanne thilke\nthing that the blake cloude of errour whilom hadde y-couered / shal\nlyhten more clerly tha{n}ne pheb{us} hym self ne shyneth // Glosa // who\nso wole seken the dep[e] grounde / of soth in his thowht / {and} wol nat\nbe deceyuyd by false p{ro}posiciou{n}s / that goon amys fro the trouthe\n// lat hym wel examine / {and} rolle w{i}t{h} inne hym self the natur{e}\n{and} the p{ro}pretes of the thing // and lat hym yit eft sones examine\n{and} rollen his thowhtes by good deliberaciou{n} or that he deme // and\nlat hym techen his sowle that it hat by naturel pryncyplis kyndeliche\ny-hyd w{i}t{h} in it self alle the trowthe the whiche he ymagynith to\nben in thinges w{i}t{h} owte // And thanne alle the dyrknesse of his\nmysknowynge shal seen more euydently to [\u00fee] syhte of his vndyrstondynge\nthanne the sonne ne semyth to [\u00fee] syhte w{i}t{h} owte forth / For\ncertes the body bryngynge the weyhte of foryetynge / ne hath nat chasyd\nowt of yowr{e} thowhte al the clernesse of yowre knowyng // For\ncerteynly the seed of sooth haldith {and} clyueth w{i}t{h} in yowr{e}\ncorage / {and} it is a-waked {and} excited by the wynde {and} by the\nblastes of doctryne // For wher{e} for elles demen ye of yowr{e} owne\nwyl the ryhtes whan ye ben axed // but yif so wer{e} \u00fe{a}t the\nnoryssynges of resou{n} ne lyuede .I.-plowngyd in the depthe of yowr{e}\nherte // this [is] to seyn how sholden men demen \u00fee sooth of any thing\n\u00fe{a}t weer{e} axed / yif ther neer{e} a Roote of sothfastnesse \u00fe{a}t\nweer{e} yplowngyd {and} hyd in the natur{e}[l] pryncyplis / the whiche\nsothfastnesse lyued w{i}t{h} in the depnesse of the thowght // {and} yif\nso be \u00fe{a}t the Muse {and} the doctryne of plato syngyth sooth // al\n\u00fe{a}t eu{er}y whyht lerneth / he ne doth no thing elles tha{n}ne but\nrecordeth as me{n} recordyn thinges \u00fe{a}t ben foryetyn.\n\n\nTUM EGO PLATONI INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .12. p{ro}se.]]\n\n++THanne seide I thus // I acorde me gretly to plato / for thow\nremenbrist {and} recordist me thise thinges yit] \u00fee seconde tyme. \u00feat is\nto seyn. first whan I lost[e] my memorie by \u00fee co{n}tagio\u0169s\nconiuncc{i}ou{n} of \u00fee body wi\u00fe \u00fee soule. {and} eftsones afterward whan\nI lost[e] it co{n}founded by \u00fee charge {and} by \u00fee burden of my sorwe.\n\u00b6\u00a0And \u00fean sayde she \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0If \u00feou look[e] q{uo}d she firste \u00fee \u00feinges\n\u00feat \u00feou hast graunted it ne shal nat ben ry\u021dt feer \u00feat \u00feou ne shalt\nremembren \u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat \u00feou seidest \u00feat \u00feou nistest nat. what \u00feing\nq{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0by whiche gouerme{n}t q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00feis worlde is gouerned.\nMe remembri\u00fe it wel q{uo}d I. {and} I confesse wel \u00feat I ne wist[e] it\nnat \u00b6\u00a0But al be it so \u00feat I se now fro{m} afer what \u00feou p{ur}posest\n\u00b6\u00a0Algates I desire \u021dit to herkene it of \u00fee more pleynely. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feou ne\nwendest nat q{uo}d she a litel here byforne \u00feat men sholden doute \u00feat\n\u00feis worlde is gouerned by god. \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d I ne \u021ditte doute I it\nnau\u021dt. ne I nil neuer wene \u00feat it were to doute. as who sei\u00fe. but I wot\nwel \u00feat god gouerne\u00fe \u00feis worlde. \u00b6\u00a0And I shal shortly answere \u00fee by what\nresou{n}s I am brou\u021dt to \u00feis. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis worlde q{uod} I of so many dyuerse\n{and} co{n}trarious p{ar}ties ne my\u021dten neuer han ben assembled in o\nforme. but yif \u00feere ne were oon \u00feat conioigned so many[e diu{er}se]\n\u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00fee same diuersite of hire natures \u00feat so discordeden \u00feat\noon fro \u00feat o\u00feer most[e] dep{ar}ten {and} vnioigne{n} \u00fee \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat\nben co{n}ioigned. yif \u00feere ne were oon \u00feat contened[e] \u00feat he ha\u00fe\nco{n}ioigned {and} ybounde. ne \u00fee certein ordre of nature ne sholde. nat\nbrynge fur\u00fee so ordinee moeuynge. by places. by tymes. by doynges. by\nspaces. by qualites. yif \u00feere ne were oon \u00feat were ay stedfast\ndwellynge. \u00feat ordeyned[e] {and} disposed[e] \u00feise diuersites of\nmoeuynges. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feilke \u00feinge what so euer it be. by whiche \u00feat alle\n\u00feinges ben maked {and} ylad. I\u00a0clepe hym god \u00feat is a worde \u00feat is vsed\nto alle folke. \u00fean seide she. syn \u00feou felest \u00feus \u00feise \u00feinges q{uo}d she.\nI\u00a0trowe \u00feat I haue lytel more to done. \u00feat \u00feou my\u021dty of wilfulnesse hool\n{and} sounde ne se eftsones \u00fei contre. \u00b6\u00a0But lat vs loken \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat\nwe han p{ur}posed her-byforn. \u00b6\u00a0Haue I nat nou{m}bred {and} seid q{uod}\nshe \u00feat suffisaunce is in blisfulnesse. {and} we han accorded \u00feat god is\n{and} \u00feilke same blisfulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0yis forso\u00fee q{uo}d I. {and} \u00feat to\ngouerne \u00feis worlde q{uod} she. ne shal he neuer han nede of none helpe\nfro wi\u00feoute. for ellys yif he had[de] nede of any helpe. he ne sholde\nnot haue [no] ful suffisau{n}ce. \u021dis \u00feus it mot nedes be q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean\nordeyne\u00fe he by hym self al oon alle \u00feinges q{uo}d she. \u00feat may nat ben\ndenied q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0And I haue shewed \u00feat god is \u00fee same good. \u00b6\u00a0It\nreme{m}bre\u00fe me wel q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean ordeine\u00fe he alle \u00feinges by \u00feilke\ngoode q{uod} she. Syn he whiche we han accorded to ben good gouerne\u00fe\nalle \u00fei{n}g{us} by hym self. {and} he is a keye {and} a stiere by whiche\n\u00feat \u00fee edifice of \u00feis worlde is ykept stable {and} wi\u00fe oute corumpynge\n\u00b6\u00a0I accorde me gretly q{uod} I. {and} I ap{er}ceiuede a litel here\nbyforn \u00feat \u00feou woldest seyne \u00feus. Al be it so \u00feat it were by a \u00feinne\nsuspeciou{n}. I\u00a0trowe it wel q{uo}d she. \u00b6\u00a0For as I trowe \u00feou leedest\nnowe more ententifly \u00feine eyen to loken \u00fee verray goodes \u00b6\u00a0but na\u00feeles\n\u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat I shal telle \u00fee \u021dit ne shewe\u00fe nat lasse to loken. what is\n\u00feat q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0So as men trowen q{uo}d she {and} \u00feat ry\u021dtfully \u00feat god\ngouerne\u00fe alle \u00feinges by \u00fee keye of his goodnesse. \u00b6\u00a0And alle \u00feise same\n\u00feinges as I [haue] tau\u021dt \u00fee. hasten hem by naturel ente{n}c{i}ou{n} to\ncomen to goode \u00feer may no man doute{n}. \u00feat \u00feei ne ben gouerned\nuoluntariely. {and} \u00feat \u00feei ne conuerten [hem] nat of her owe{n} wille\nto \u00fee wille of hire ordeno{ur}. as \u00feei \u00feat ben accordyng {and}\nenclinynge to her gouerno{ur} {and} her kyng. \u00b6\u00a0It mot nedys be so\nq{uo}d. I. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00fee realme ne sholde not seme blisful \u021dif \u00feere were a\n\u021dok of mysdrawynges in diu{er}se p{ar}ties ne \u00fee sauynge of obedient\n\u00feinges ne sholde nat be. \u00fean is \u00feere no \u00feing q{uo}d she \u00fe{a}t kepi\u00fe hys\nnature[;] \u00feat enforce\u00fe hym to gone a\u021deyne god. \u00b6\u00a0No q{uo}d. I. \u00b6\u00a0And if\n\u00feat any \u00fei{n}g enforced[e] hym to wi\u00festonde god. my\u021dt[e] it auayle at \u00fee\nlaste a\u021deyns hym \u00feat we han g{ra}unted to ben al my\u021dty by \u00fee ry\u021dt of\nblisfulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0Certis q{uo}d I al outerly it ne my\u021dt[e] nat auaylen\nhym. \u00fean is \u00feere no \u00feing q{uo}d she \u00feat ey\u00feer wol or may wi\u00festonde to\n\u00feis souereyne good. \u00b6\u00a0I trowe nat q{uo}d. I\u00a0\u00b6\u00a0\u00fean is \u00feilke \u00fee souereyne\ngood q{uo}d she \u00feat alle \u00fei{n}g{us} gouerne\u00fe strongly {and} ordeyne\u00fe hem\nsoftly. \u00fea{n} seide I \u00feus. I\u00a0delite me q{uo}d I nat oonly in \u00fee endes or\nin \u00fee so{m}mes of [the] resou{n}s \u00feat \u00feou hast concludid {and} p{ro}ued.\n\u00b6\u00a0But \u00feilke wordes \u00feat \u00fe{o}u vsest deliten me moche more. \u00b6\u00a0So at \u00fee\nlast[e] fooles \u00feat so{m}tyme renden greet[e] \u00feinges au\u021dte{n} ben\nasshamed of hem self. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat is to seyne \u00fe{a}t we fooles \u00feat\nrep{re}henden wickedly \u00fee \u00fei{n}g{us} \u00feat touchen goddes gouernaunce we\nau\u021dte{n} ben asshamed of oure self. As I \u00feat seide god refuse\u00fe oonly \u00fee\nwerkes of men. {and} ne entremeti\u00fe nat of he{m}. _p._ \u00feou hast wel herd\nq{uo}d she \u00fee fables of \u00fee poetes. how \u00fee geauntes assailden \u00fee heuene\nwi\u00fe \u00fee goddes. but for so\u00fee \u00fee debonaire force of god disposed[e] hem so\nas it was wor\u00fei. \u00feat is to seyne distroied[e] \u00fee geauntes. as it was\nwor\u00fei. \u00b6\u00a0But wilt \u00feou \u00feat we ioygnen togedre \u00feilke same resou{n}s. for\np{er}auenture of swiche coniuncc{i}ou{n} may sterten vp some faire\nsp{er}kele of so\u00fee \u00b6\u00a0Do q{uo}d I as \u00fee list. wenest \u00feou q{uo}d she \u00feat\ngod ne is almy\u021dty. no man is in doute of it. Certys q{uo}d I no wy\u021dt ne\ndefendi\u00fe it if he be in hys mynde. but he q{uo}d she \u00feat is al my\u021dty\n\u00feere nis no \u00feing \u00feat he ne may do. \u00feat is so\u00fee q{uo}d I. May god done\nyuel q{uo}d she. nay for so\u00fee q{uo}d. I. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean is yuel no \u00feing q{uo}d\nshe. \u00b6\u00a0Syn \u00feat he ne may not done yuel \u00feat may done alle \u00feinges.\nscornest \u00feou me q{uo}d. I. or ellys pleyest \u00feou or deceiuest \u00feou me. \u00feat\nhast so wouen me wi\u00fe \u00fei resou{n}s. \u00fee house of didalus so entrelaced.\n\u00feat it is vnable to ben vnlaced. \u00feou \u00feat o\u00feer while entrest \u00feere \u00feou\nissest {and} o\u00feer while issest \u00feere \u00feou entrest. ne fooldest \u00feou nat to\ngidre by replicac{i}ou{n} of wordes a maner wondirful cercle or\nenvirounynge of symplicite deuyne. \u00b6\u00a0For certys a litel her byforn{e}\nwhan \u00feou bygu{n}ne atte blisfulnesse \u00fe{o}u seidest \u00feat it is souereyne\ngood. {and} seidest \u00feat it is set in souereyne god. {and} \u00feat god is \u00fee\nful[le] blisfulnesse. for whiche \u00feou \u021daf[e] me as a couenable \u021difte. \u00feat\nis to seyne \u00fe{a}t no wy\u021dt nis blisful. but yif he be good al so \u00feer wi\u00fe\n{and} seidest eke \u00feat \u00fee forme of goode is \u00fee substaunce of god. {and}\nof blisfulnesse. {and} seidest \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke same oone is \u00feilke same goode\n\u00feat is requered {and} desired of al \u00fee kynde of \u00feinges. {and} \u00feou\np{ro}euedest in disputynge \u00feat god gouerne\u00fe alle [the] \u00feinges of \u00fee\nworlde by \u00fee gouernementys of bountee. {and} seydest \u00feat alle \u00feinges\nwolen ybeyen to hym. and seidest \u00feat \u00fee nature of yuel nis no \u00feing.\n{and} \u00feise \u00feinges ne shewedest \u00feou nat wi\u00fe no resou{n}s ytake fro\nwi\u00feoute but by proues in cercles {and} homelyche knowen. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee whiche\np{ro}eues drawen to hem self hir fei\u00fe {and} hir accorde eu{er}iche [of]\nhem of o\u00feer. \u00fean seide she \u00feus. I\u00a0ne scorne \u00fee nat ne pleye ne desseyue\n\u00fee. but I haue shewed to \u00fee \u00feinge \u00feat is grettest ouer alle \u00feinges by \u00fee\n\u021difte of god \u00feat we some tyme prayden \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feis is \u00fee forme of [the]\ndeuyne substaunce. \u00feat is swiche \u00feat it ne slyde\u00fe nat in to outerest\nforeine \u00feinges. ne ne rec[e]yue\u00fe no st{ra}nge \u00feinges in hym. but ry\u021dt as\np{ar}maynws seide in grek of \u00feilke deuyne substaunce. he seide \u00feus \u00feat\n\u00feilke deuyne substaunce torne\u00fe \u00fee worlde {and} \u00feilke cercle moeueable of\n\u00feinges while \u00feilke dyuyne substau{n}ce kepi\u00fe it self wi\u00fe outen moeuynge.\n\u00feat is to seyne \u00feat it ne moeui\u00fe neuere mo. {and} \u021ditte it moeue\u00fe alle\no\u00feer \u00feinges. but na-\u00feeles yif I [haue] stered resou{n}s \u00feat ne ben nat\ntaken fro wi\u00fe oute \u00fee compas of \u00fee \u00feinge of whiche we treten. but\nresou{n}s \u00feat ben bystowed wi\u00fe i{n}ne \u00feat compas \u00feere nis nat whi \u00feat\n\u00feou sholde[st] merueylen. sen \u00feou hast lerned by \u00fee sentence of plato\n\u00feat nedes \u00fee wordes moten ben cosynes to \u00feo \u00feinges of whiche \u00feei speken.\n\n\nFELIX QUI POTERIT. {ET} CET{ER}A.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .12. Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Blisful is \u00feat man \u00feat may seen \u00fee clere welle of good. blisful is he\n\u00feat may vnbynde hym fro \u00fee bonde of heuy er\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee poete of t{ra}ce\n[orphe{us}] \u00feat somtyme hadde ry\u021dt greet sorowe for \u00fee dee\u00fe of hys wijf.\naftir \u00feat he hadde maked by hys wepely songes \u00fee wodes meueable to\nrennen. {and} hadde ymaked \u00fee ryueres to stonden stille. {and} maked \u00fee\nhertys {and} hyndes to ioignen dredles hir sides to cruel lyou{n}s to\nherkene his songe. {and} had[de] maked \u00feat \u00fee hare was nat agast of \u00fee\nhounde whiche \u00feat was plesed by hys songe. so \u00feat whane \u00fee most[e]\nardaunt loue of hys wijf brende \u00fee entrailes of his brest. ne \u00fee songes\n\u00feat hadde ouer comen alle \u00feinges ne my\u021dten nat assuage hir lorde\norpheus. \u00b6\u00a0He pleyned[e] hym of \u00fee godes \u00feat were{n} cruel to hym. he\nwente hym to \u00fee houses of helle {and} \u00feere he tempred[e] hys\nblaundissyng songes by resounyng of hys strenges. \u00b6\u00a0And spak {and} song\nin wepynge alle \u00feat euer he hadde resceyued {and} laued oute of \u00fee noble\nwelles of hys modir calliope \u00fee goddesse. {and} he song wi\u00fe as mychel as\nhe my\u021dt[e] of wepynge. {and} wi\u00fe as myche as loue \u00feat doubled[e] his\nsorwe my\u021dt[e] \u021deuen hym {and} teche hy{m} in his seke h{er}te. \u00b6\u00a0And he\ncommoeuede \u00fee helle {and} requered[e] {and} sou\u021dte by swete p{re}iere \u00fee\nlordes of soules in helle of relesynge. \u00feat is to seyne to \u021delden hym\nhys wif. \u00b6\u00a0Cerberus \u00fee porter of helle wi\u00fe his \u00fere heuedes was cau\u021dt\n{and} al abaist for \u00fee new[e] songe. {and} \u00fee \u00fere goddesses furijs {and}\nvengerisse of felonies \u00feat to{ur}mente{n} {and} agaste{n} \u00fee soules by\nanoye wexen sorweful {and} sory {and} wepen teres for pitee. \u00fean was nat\n\u00fee heued of Ixion{e} yto{ur}mented by \u00fee ou{er}\u00ferowi{n}g whele. \u00b6\u00a0And\ntantalus \u00feat was destroied by \u00fee woodnesse of longe \u00ferust dispise\u00fe \u00fee\nflodes to drynke. \u00fee fowel \u00feat hy\u021dt voltor \u00feat eti\u00fe \u00fee stomak or \u00fee\ngiser of ticius is so fulfilled of his songe \u00feat it nil etyn ne tyren no\nmore. \u00b6\u00a0Atte \u00fee laste \u00fee lorde {and} Iuge of soules was moeued to\nmisericordes {and} cried[e] we ben ouer comen q{uo}d he. yif[e] we to\norpheus his wijf to bere hym co{m}paignye he ha\u00fe welle I-bou\u021dt hir by\nhis faire songe {and} his ditee. but we wil putte{n} a lawe in \u00feis.\n{and} couenaunt in \u00fee \u021difte. \u00fe{a}t is to seyne. \u00feat til he be out of\nhelle yif he loke byhynden hym [\u00fe{a}t] hys wijf shal come{n} a\u021deine to\nvs \u00b6\u00a0but what is he \u00feat may \u021deue a lawe to loueres. loue is a gretter\nlawe {and} a strengere to hym self \u00fean any lawe \u00fe{a}t men may \u021deuen.\n\u00b6\u00a0Allas whan Orpheus {and} his wijf were al most at \u00fee termes of \u00fee\nny\u021dt. \u00feat is to seyne at \u00fee last[e] boundes of helle. Orpheus loked[e]\nabakwarde on Erudice his wijf {and} lost[e] hir {and} was deed. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis\nfable app{er}teine\u00fe to \u021dow alle who so euer desire\u00fe or seki\u00fe to lede his\n\u00feou\u021dte in to \u00fee souereyne day. \u00feat is to seyne to clerenes[se] of\nsouereyne goode. \u00b6\u00a0For who so \u00feat eu{er}e be so ouer come{n} \u00feat he\nfycche hys eyen in to \u00fee put[te] of helle. \u00feat is to seyne who so sette\u00fe\nhis \u00feou\u021dtes in er\u00feely \u00feinges. al \u00feat euer he ha\u00fe drawen of \u00fee noble good\ncelestial he lesi\u00fe it whan he loke\u00fe \u00fee helles. \u00feat is to seyne to lowe\n\u00feinges of \u00fee er\u00fee.\n\n EXPLICIT LIBER TERCIUS.\n\n\n\n\nINCIPIT LIBER QUARTUS.\n\n\nHEC CUM PHILOSOPHIA DIGNITATE UULT{US}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 1^ma p{ro}se.]]\n\n++Whanne philosophie hadde songe{n} softly {and} delitably \u00fee forseide\n\u00feinges kepynge \u00fee dignitee of hir choere in \u00fee wey\u021dte of hir wordes.\nI\u00a0\u00fean \u00feat ne hadde nat al out{er}ly for\u021deten \u00fee wepyng {and} mournyng\n\u00feat was set in myne herte for-brek \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n} of hir \u00feat\nentended[e] \u021ditte to seyne o\u00fe{er} \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0Se q{uo}d I. \u00feou \u00feat art\ngideresse of verray ly\u021dte \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feou hast seid [me] hider to ben\nto me so clere {and} so shewyng by \u00fee deuyne lokyng of hem {and} by \u00fei\nresou{n}s \u00feat \u00feei ne mowe nat ben ouercomen. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feilke \u00fei{n}g{us} \u00feat\n\u00feou toldest me. al be it so \u00feat I hadde som tyme fo[r]\u021deten hem for\n[the] sorwe of \u00fee wronge \u00feat ha\u00fe ben don to me. \u021dit na\u00feeles \u00feei ne were\nnat alouterly vnknowen to me. but \u00feis same is namly a gret cause of my\nsorwe. \u00feat so as \u00fee gouernoure of \u00feinges is goode. yif \u00feat yuelys mowen\nben by any weyes. or ellys yif \u00feat yuelys passen wi\u00fe outen punyssheinge.\n\u00fee whiche \u00feinge oonly how wor\u00fei it is to ben wondred vpon. \u00feou\nconsiderest it weel \u00fei self certeynly. but \u021ditte to \u00feis \u00feing \u00feere is an\no\u00feer \u00feing y-ioigned more to ben ywondred vpon. \u00b6\u00a0For felonie is\nemperisse {and} flowre\u00fe ful of rycchesse. and vertues nis nat al oonly\nwi\u00fe outen medes. but it is cast vndir {and} fortroden vndir \u00fee feet of\nfelonous folk. {and} it abie\u00fe \u00fee to{ur}me{n}tes in sted of wicked\nfelou{n}s \u00b6\u00a0Of al[le] whiche \u00feing \u00feer nis no wy\u021dt \u00feat [may] merueyllen\nynou\u021d ne compleyne \u00feat swiche \u00feinges ben don in \u00fee regne of god \u00feat alle\n\u00feinges woot. and alle \u00feinges may {and} ne wool nat but only goode\n\u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean seide she \u00feus. certys q{uo}d she \u00feat were a grete meruayle\n{and} an enbaissynge wi\u00feouten ende. {and} wel more horrible \u00fean alle\nmonstres yif it were as \u00fe{o}u wenest. \u00feat is to sein. \u00feat in \u00fee ry\u021dt\nordeyne house of so mochel a fader {and} an ordenour of meyne. \u00feat \u00fee\nvesseles \u00feat ben foule {and} vyle sholde ben hono{ur}ed {and} heried.\nand \u00fee p{re}cious uesseles sholde ben defouled {and} vyle. but it nis\nnat so. For yif \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat I haue co{n}cluded a litel here byforne\nben kept hoole {and} vnraced. \u00feou shalt wel knowe by \u00fee auctorite of\ngod. of \u00fee whos regne I speke \u00feat certys \u00fee good[e] folk ben alwey\nmy\u021dty. {and} shrewes ben alwey yuel {and} feble. ne \u00fee vices ben\nneu{e}re mo wi\u00fe outen peyne[;] ne \u00fee vertues ne ben nat wi\u00fe outen mede.\nand \u00feat blisfulnesses comen alwey to goode folke. {and} infortune come\u00fe\nalwey to wicked folke. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feou shalt wel knowe many[e] \u00feinges of \u00feis\nkynde \u00fe{a}t sholle cessen \u00fei pleyntes. {and} stedfast \u00fee wi\u00fe stedfast\nsaddenesse. \u00b6\u00a0And for \u00feou hast seyn \u00fee forme of \u00fee verray blisfulnesse\nby me \u00feat [haue] somtyme I-shewed it \u00fee. And \u00feou hast knowen i{n} whom\nblysfulnesse is set. alle \u00feinges I treted \u00fe{a}t I trowe ben nessessarie\nto put[te] fur\u00fee \u00b6\u00a0I shal shewe \u00fee. \u00fee weye \u00feat shal brynge \u00fee a\u021deyne\nvnto \u00fei house {and} I shal ficche fe\u00feeres in \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt by whiche it may\narysen in hey\u021dte. so \u00feat al tribulac{i}ou{n} don awey \u00feou by my gidyng &\nby my pa\u00fee {and} by my sledes shalt mowen retourne hool {and} sounde in\nto \u00fei contre.\n\n\nSU{N}T ETENIM PENNE. {ET} C{ETERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste met{ur}.]]\n\n++I Haue for so\u00fee swifte fe\u00feeres \u00feat surmou{n}ten \u00fee hey\u021dt of \u00fee heuene\nwhan \u00fee swifte \u00feou\u021dt ha\u00fe clo\u00feed it self. in \u00feo fe\u00feeres it dispise\u00fe \u00fee\nhat[e]ful er\u00fees. {and} surmou{n}te\u00fe \u00fee hey\u021denesse of \u00fee greet[e] eyir.\n{and} it sei\u00fe \u00fee cloudes by-hynde hir bak {and} passe\u00fe \u00fee hey\u021dt of \u00fee\nregiou{n} of \u00fee fire \u00feat eschaufi\u00fe by \u00fee swifte moeuyng of \u00fee firmament.\ntil \u00feat she a-reisi\u00fe hir in til \u00fee houses \u00fe{a}t beren \u00fee sterres. {and}\nioygne\u00fe hir weyes wi\u00fe \u00fee sonne phebus. {and} felawshipe\u00fe \u00fee weye of \u00fee\nolde colde saturnus. and she ymaked a kny\u021dt of \u00fee clere sterre. \u00feat is\nto seyne \u00feat \u00fee soule is maked goddys kny\u021dt by \u00fee sekyng of treu\u00fee to\ncomen to \u00fee verray knowlege of god. and \u00feilke soule renne[\u00fe] by \u00fee\ncercle of \u00fee sterres in alle \u00fee places \u00feere as \u00fee shynyng ny\u021dt is\ndepeynted. \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee ny\u021dt \u00feat is cloudeles. for on ny\u021dtes \u00feat\nben cloudeles it seme\u00fe as \u00fee heuene were peynted wi\u00fe dyuerse ymages of\nsterres. {and} whan \u00fee soule ha\u00fe gon ynou\u021d she shal forleten \u00fee last[e]\npoynt of \u00fee heuene. {and} she shal p{re}ssen {and} wenden on \u00fee bak of\n\u00fee swifte firmament. and she shal ben maked p{er}fit of \u00fee dredefulle\nclerenesse of god. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feere halde\u00fe \u00fee lorde of kynges \u00fee ceptre of his\nmy\u021dt {and} atte{m}p{er}e\u00fe \u00fee gouernementes of \u00feis worlde. {and} \u00fee\nshynynge iuge of \u00feinges stable i{n} hy{m} self gouerne\u00fe \u00fee swifte carte.\n\u00feat is to seyne \u00fee circuler moeuyng of [the] sonne. {and} yif \u00fei weye\nlede\u00fe \u00fee a\u021deyne so \u00feat \u00feou be brou\u021dt \u00feider. \u00fean wilt \u00feou seye now \u00feat\n\u00feat is \u00fee contre \u00feat \u00feou requeredest of whiche \u00feou ne haddest no mynde.\nbut now it remenbre\u00fe me wel here was I born. here wil I fastne my\ndegree. here wil I dwelle. but yif \u00fee lyke \u00fean to loken on \u00fee derkenesse\nof \u00fee er\u00fee \u00feat \u00feou hast for-leten. \u00fean shalt \u00feou seen \u00feat \u00feise felonous\ntyrauntes \u00feat \u00fee wrecched[e] poeple drede\u00fe now shule ben exiled from\n\u00feilke faire contre.\n\n\nTUNC EGO PAPE INQ{UA}M. {ET} C{ETERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 2^e p{ro}se.]]\n\n++\u00deAnne seide I \u00feus. [owh] I wondre me \u00feat \u00feou by-hetest me so grete\n\u00feinges. ne I ne doute nat \u00feat \u00fe{o}u ne mayst wel p{er}forme \u00feat \u00feou\nby-hetest. but I preie \u00fee oonly \u00feis. \u00feat \u00feou ne tarie nat to telle me\n\u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feou hast meoued. first q{uo}d she \u00feou most nedes\nknowen. \u00fe{a}t good[e] folk ben al wey strong[e] {and} my\u021dty. and \u00fee\nshrewes ben feble {and} desert {and} naked of alle streng\u00fees. and of\n\u00feise \u00feinges certys eueryche of hem is declared {and} shewed by o\u00fe{er}.\n\u00b6\u00a0For so as good {and} yuel ben two cont{ra}ries. yif so be \u00feat goode be\nstedfast. \u00fea{n} shewe\u00fe \u00fee fieblesse of yuel al openly. and yif \u00feou knowe\nclerely \u00fee freelnesse of yuel. \u00fee stedfastnesse of goode is knowen. but\nfor as moche as \u00fee fey of my sentence shal be \u00fee more ferme {and}\nhabou{n}daunt. I\u00a0wil goon by \u00feat oon wey {and} by \u00feat o\u00feer {and} I wil\nconferme \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben p{ur}posed now on \u00feis side {and} now on \u00fe{a}t\nsyde. \u00b6\u00a0Two \u00feinges \u00feer ben in whiche \u00fee effect of alle \u00fee dedes of man\nkynde standi\u00fe. \u00feat is to seyn. wil {and} power. and yif \u00feat oon of \u00feise\ntwo fayle\u00fe \u00feere nis no \u00feing \u00feat may be don. for yif \u00feat wil lakke\u00fe \u00feere\nnys no wy\u021dt \u00feat vndirtake\u00fe to done \u00feat he wol not don. and yif power\nfayle\u00fe \u00fee wille nis but i{n} ydel {and} stant for nau\u021dt. and \u00feer of\ncome\u00fe it \u00feat yif \u00feou se a wy\u021dt \u00feat wolde gete{n} \u00feat he may nat geten.\n\u00feou mayst nat douten \u00feat power ne fayle\u00fe hy{m} to haue{n} \u00feat he wolde.\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00feis is open {and} clere q{uo}d I. ne it may nat ben denyed in no\nmanere. and yif \u00feou se a wy\u021dt q{uo}d she. \u00feat ha\u00fe don \u00feat he wolde don\n\u00fe{o}u nilt nat douten \u00feat he ne ha\u00fe had power to done it. no q{uo}d. I.\nand in \u00feat. \u00feat euery wy\u021dt may. in \u00feat \u00feat men may holden hym my\u021dty. as\nwho sei\u00fe i{n} as moche as a man is my\u021dty to done a \u00feing. in so moche men\nhalden hy{m} my\u021dty. and in \u00feat \u00feat he ne may. in \u00feat men demen hym to\nben feble. I\u00a0confesse it wel q{uo}d I. Remembri\u00fe \u00fee q{uo}d she \u00feat I.\nhaue gadred {and} shewed by forseide resou{n}s \u00feat al \u00fee entenc{i}ou{n}\nof \u00fee wil of ma{n}kynde whiche \u00feat is lad by diuerse studies hasti\u00fe to\ncomen to blisfulnesse. \u00b6\u00a0It reme{m}bre\u00fe me wel q{uo}d I \u00feat it hath ben\nshewed. {and} recorde\u00fe \u00fee nat \u00fean q{uo}d she. \u00feat blisfulnesse is \u00feilke\nsame goode \u00feat men requeren. so \u00feat whan \u00feat blisfulnesse is requered of\nalle. \u00feat goode [also] is requered {and} desired of al. It recorde\u00fe me\nwel q{uo}d I. for haue it gretly alwey ficche[d] in my memorie. alle\nfolk \u00fean q{uo}d she goode {and} eke badde enforcen he{m} wi\u00fe oute\ndifference of entenc{i}ou{n} to come{n} to goode. \u00feat is a uerray\nconsequence q{uo}d I. and certeyne is q{uo}d she \u00feat by \u00fee gety{n}g of\ngoode ben men ymaked goode. \u00feis is certeyne q{uo}d. I. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean geten goode\nmen \u00feat \u00feei desiren. so seme\u00fe it q{uo}d I. but wicked[e] folk q{uo}d she\nyif \u00feei geten \u00fee goode \u00feat \u00feei desire{n} \u00feei [ne] mowen nat ben wicked.\nso is it q{uo}d .I. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean so as \u00feat oon {and} \u00feat o\u00feer [q{uod} she]\ndesiren good. {and} \u00fee goode folk geten good {and} nat \u00fee wicked folk\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00fean nis it no doute \u00feat \u00fee goode folk ne ben my\u021dty {and} \u00fee wicked\nfolk ben feble. \u00b6\u00a0who so \u00feat euer q{uo}d I doute\u00fe of \u00feis. he ne may nat\nconsidre \u00fee nature of \u00fei{n}ges. ne \u00fee consequence of resou{n}. and ouer\n\u00feis q{uo}d she. \u00b6\u00a0yif \u00feat \u00feer ben two \u00feinges \u00feat han o same p{ur}pos by\nkynde. {and} \u00feat one of he{m} p{ur}sue\u00fe {and} p{er}forme\u00fe \u00feilke same\n\u00feinge by naturel office. {and} \u00feat o\u00feer ne may nat done \u00feilk naturel\noffice. but folwe\u00fe by o\u00feer manere \u00fean is couenable to nat{ur}e \u00b6\u00a0Hym \u00feat\nacomplisi\u00fe hys p{ur}pos kyndely. {and} \u021dit he ne acomplisi\u00fe nat hys owen\npurpos. whe\u00feer of \u00feise two demest \u00feou for more my\u021dty. \u00b6\u00a0yif \u00feat I\nconiecte q{uo}d .I. \u00feat \u00feou wilt seye algates. \u021dit I desire to herkene\nit more pleynely of \u00fee. \u00feou nilt nat \u00fean denye q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00fee\nmoeueme{n}t\u021d of goynge nis in men by kynde. no for so\u00fee q{uo}d I. ne \u00feou\nne doutest nat q{uo}d she \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke naturel office of goynge ne be \u00fee\noffice of feet. I\u00a0ne doute it nat q{uo}d .I. \u00fean q{uo}d she yif \u00feat a\nwy\u021dt be my\u021dty to moeue {and} go\u00fe vpon hys feet. and ano\u00feer to whom \u00feilke\nnaturel office of feet lakke\u00fe. enforce\u00fe hym to gone crepynge vpo{n} hys\nhandes. \u00b6\u00a0whiche of \u00feise two au\u021dte to ben holden more my\u021dty by ry\u021dt.\nknyt fur\u00fee \u00fee remenaunt q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0For no wy\u021dt ne doute\u00fe \u00feat he \u00feat may\ngone by nat{ur}el office of feet. ne be more my\u021dty \u00fean he \u00feat ne may nat\n\u00b6\u00a0but \u00fee souereyne good q{uo}d she \u00feat is euenlyche p{ur}posed to \u00fee\ngood folk {and} to badde. \u00fee good folke seken it by naturel office of\nuertues. {and} \u00fee shrewes enforcen hem to geten it by dyuerse couetise\nof er\u00feely \u00feinges. whiche \u00feat nis no naturel office to geten \u00feilke same\nsouereyne goode. trowest \u00feou \u00feat it be any o\u00feer wyse. nay q{uo}d .I. for\n\u00fee co{n}seque{n}ce is open {and} shewynge of \u00feinges \u00feat I haue graunted.\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00feat nedes goode folk moten ben my\u021dty. {and} shrewes feble {and}\nvnmy\u021dty. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feou rennest ary\u021dt byfore me q{uo}d she. {and} \u00feis is \u00fee\niugement \u00feat is to seyn. \u00b6\u00a0I iuge of \u00fee ry\u021dt as \u00feise leches ben wont\nforto hopen of seke folk whan \u00feei ap{er}ceyuen \u00feat nature is redressed\n{and} wi\u00festonde\u00fe to \u00fee maladie. \u00b6\u00a0But for I see \u00fee now al redy to \u00fee\nvndirstandynge I shal shewe \u00fee more \u00feilke {and} continuel resou{n}s.\n\u00b6\u00a0For loke now how gretly shewi\u00fe \u00fee feblesse {and} infirmite of wicked\nfolke. \u00feat ne mowen nat come to \u00feat hire naturel entenc{i}ou{n} lede\u00fe\nhem. {and} \u021ditte almost \u00feilk naturel entenc{i}ou{n} constreine\u00fe hem.\n\u00b6\u00a0and what wer{e} to deme \u00fean of shrewes. yif \u00feilke naturel helpe hadde\nfor-leten hem. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee whiche naturel helpe of entenc{i}ou{n} go\u00fe alwey\nbyforne hem. {and} is so grete \u00feat vnne\u00fe it may be ou{er}comen.\n\u00b6\u00a0Considre \u00fean how gret defaute of power {and} how gret feblesse \u00feere is\nin grete felonous folk as who sei\u00fe \u00fee gretter \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat ben coueited\n{and} \u00fee desire nat accomplissed of \u00fee lasse my\u021dt is he \u00feat coueite\u00fe it\n{and} may nat acomplisse. \u00b6\u00a0And for\u00fei philosophie sei\u00fe \u00feus by souereyne\ngood. \u00b6\u00a0Sherewes ne requere nat ly\u021dt[e] medes ne veyne gaines whiche \u00feei\nne may nat folwen ne holden. but \u00feei fayle{n} of \u00feilke some of \u00fee hey\u021dte\nof \u00feinges \u00feat is to seyne souereyne good. ne \u00feise wrecches ne comen nat\nto \u00fee effect of souereyne good. \u00fee whiche \u00feei enforcen hem oonly to\ngete{n} by ny\u021dtes {and} by dayes. \u00b6\u00a0In \u00fee getyn[g] of whiche goode \u00fee\nstreng\u00fee of good folk. is ful wel ysen. For ry\u021dt so as \u00fe{o}u my\u021dtest\ndemen hym my\u021dty of goynge \u00feat go\u00fe on hys feet til he my\u021dt[e] come to\n\u00feilke place fro \u00fee whiche place \u00feere ne lay no wey for\u00feer to be gon.\nRy\u021dt so most \u00feou nedes demen hym for ry\u021dt my\u021dty \u00feat geti\u00fe {and} atteini\u00fe\nto \u00fee ende of alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben to desire. by-\u021donde \u00fee whiche ende \u00feat\n\u00feer nis no \u00feing to desire. \u00b6\u00a0Of whiche power of good folk men may\nconclude \u00feat wicked men semen to ben bareyne {and} naked of alle\nstreng\u00fee. For whi forleten \u00feei v{er}tues {and} folwen vices. nis it nat\nfor \u00feat \u00feei ne knowen nat \u00fee goodes. \u00b6\u00a0But what \u00feing is more feble {and}\nmore caitif \u00fean is \u00fee blyndenesse of ignoraunce. or ellys \u00feei knowen ful\nwel whiche \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei au\u021dten to folwen \u00b6\u00a0but lecherye {and} couetise\nouer\u00ferowe\u00fe hem mysturned. \u00b6\u00a0and certis so do\u00fe distemp{er}aunce to feble\nmen. \u00feat ne mowe{n} nat wrastle a\u021deins \u00fee vices \u00b6\u00a0Ne knowen \u00feei nat \u00fean\nwel \u00feat \u00feei foreleten \u00fee good wilfully. {and} turnen hem vilfully to\nvices. \u00b6\u00a0And in \u00feis wise \u00feei ne forleten nat oonly to ben my\u021dty. but \u00feei\nforleten al outerly in any wise forto ben \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feei \u00feat forleten \u00fee\ncomune fyn of alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben. \u00feei for-leten also \u00feerwi\u00fe al forto\nben. and p{er}auenture it sholde semen to som folk \u00feat \u00feis were a\nmerueile to seyne \u00feat shrewes whiche \u00feat contienen \u00fee more p{ar}tie of\nme{n} ne ben nat. ne han no beynge. \u00b6\u00a0but na\u00feeles it is so. {and} \u00feus\nstant \u00feis \u00feing for \u00feei \u00feat ben shrewes I denye nat \u00feat \u00feei ben shrewes.\nbut I denye {and} sey[e] symplely and pleynly \u00feat \u00feei [ne] ben nat. ne\nhan no beynge. for ry\u021dt as \u00feou my\u021dtest seyn of \u00fee careyne of a man \u00feat\nit were a ded man. \u00b6\u00a0but \u00feou ne my\u021dtest nat symplely callen it a man.\n\u00b6\u00a0So graunt[e] I wel for so\u00fee \u00feat vicious folk ben wicked. but I ne may\nnat graunten absolutely {and} symplely \u00feat \u00feei ben. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feilk \u00feing \u00feat\nwi\u00fe holde\u00fe ordre {and} kepi\u00fe nature. \u00feilk \u00feing is {and} ha\u00fe beynge. but\n\u00feat \u00feing \u00feat faile\u00fe of \u00feat. \u00feat is to seyne he \u00fe{a}t forleti\u00fe naturel\nordre he for-leti\u00fe \u00feilk beyng \u00feat is set in hys nature. but \u00feou wolt\nsein \u00feat shrewes mowen. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feat ne denye I nat. \u00b6\u00a0but certys hir\npower ne descende\u00fe nat of streng\u00fee but of feblesse. for \u00feei mowen don\nwickednesses. \u00fee whiche \u00feei ne my\u021dten nat don yif \u00feei my\u021dte{n} dwelle in\n\u00fee forme {and} in \u00fee doynge of goode folke. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feilke power shewe\u00fe ful\neuydently \u00feat \u00feei ne mowen ry\u021dt nau\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0For so as I haue gadered {and}\np{ro}ued a lytel her byforn \u00feat yuel is nau\u021dt. {and} so as shrewes mowen\noonly but shrewednesse. \u00feis conclusiou{n} is al clere. \u00feat shrewes ne\nmowen ry\u021dt nat to han power. and for as moche as \u00feou vndirstonde whiche\nis \u00fee streng\u00fee \u00feat is power of shrewes. I\u00a0haue diffinised a lytel here\nbyforn \u00feat no \u00feing nis so my\u021dty as souereyne good \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat is so\u00fee q{uo}d\n.I. [{and} thilke same souereyn good may don non yuel // Certes no\nq{uod} I] \u00b6\u00a0Is \u00feer any wy\u021dt \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat weni\u00fe \u00feat men mowen don\nalle \u00feinges. No man q{uo}d .I. but yif he be out of hys witte. \u00b6\u00a0but\ncertys sherewes mowen do\u00f1 yuel q{uo}d she. \u00b6\u00a0\u021de wolde god q{uo}d I \u00feat\n\u00feei ne my\u021dte{n} don none. \u00feat q{uo}d she so as he \u00feat is my\u021dty to done\noonly but good[e] \u00feinges may don alle \u00feinges. and \u00feei \u00feat ben my\u021dty to\ndone yuel[e] \u00feinges ne mowen nat alle \u00feinges. \u00fean is \u00feis open \u00feing {and}\nmanifest \u00feat \u00feei \u00fe{a}t mowe{n} don yuel ben of lasse power. and \u021ditte to\np{ro}ue \u00feis conclusiou{n} \u00feere helpe\u00fe me \u00feis \u00feat I haue shewed here\nbyforne. \u00feat al power is to be nou{m}bred amonge \u00feinges \u00feat men au\u021dten\nrequere. {and} haue shewed \u00feat alle \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat au\u021dten ben desired ben\nreferred to good ry\u021dt as to a manere hey\u021dte of hyr nature. \u00b6\u00a0But for to\nmowen don yuel {and} felonye ne may nat ben referred to good. \u00fean nis\nnat yuel of \u00fee nou{m}bre of \u00feinges \u00feat au\u021dte{n}. be desired. but al\npower au\u021dt[e] ben desired {and} requered. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean is it open {and} cler\n\u00feat \u00fee power ne \u00fee moeuyng of shrewes nis no powere. {and} of alle \u00feise\n\u00feinges it shewe\u00fe wel \u00feat \u00fee goode folk ben certeynly my\u021dty. {and} \u00fee\nshrewes ben douteles vnmy\u021dty \u00b6\u00a0And it is clere {and} open \u00feat \u00feilke\nsentence of plato is uerray {and} so\u00fee. \u00fe{a}t sey\u00fe \u00feat oonly wiseme{n}\nmay [doon] \u00feat \u00feei desiren. {and} shrewes mowen haunten \u00feat hem lyke\u00fe.\nbut \u00feat \u00feei desiren \u00feat is to seyne to comen to souereyne good \u00feei ne\nhan no power to acomplissen \u00feat. \u00b6\u00a0For shrewes don \u00feat hem list whan by\n\u00feo \u00feinges in whiche \u00feei deliten \u00feei wenen to atteyne to \u00feilke good \u00feat\n\u00feei desiren. but \u00feei ne geten ne atteynen nat \u00feer to. \u00b6\u00a0for vices ne\ncomen nat to blisfulnesse.\n\n\nQUOS UIDES SEDERE CELSOS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ij^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Who so \u00feat \u00fee couertures of her veyn apparailes my\u021dt[e] strepen of\n\u00feise proude kynges \u00feat \u00feou seest sitten on hey\u021de in her chayeres\nglyterynge in shynynge purpre envyroned wi\u00fe sorweful arm{ur}es manasyng\nwi\u00fe cruel mou\u00fee. blowyng by woodnesse of herte. \u00b6\u00a0He sholde se \u00fean \u00feat\nilke lordes beren wi\u00fe i{n}ne hir corages ful streyte cheynes for\nleccherye tormenti\u00fe he{m} on \u00feat oon syde wi\u00fe gredy venyms {and}\ntroublable Ire \u00feat araise\u00fe in hem \u00fee floodes of troublynges tourmenti\u00fe\nvpon \u00feat o\u00feer side hir \u00feou\u021dt. or sorwe halt he{m} wery or ycau\u021dt. or\nslidyng {and} disseyuyng hope tourmenti\u00fe hem. And \u00feerfore syn \u00feou seest\non heed. \u00feat is to seyne oon tyraunt bere so many[e] tyrauntis. \u00fea{n} ne\ndo\u00fe \u00feilk tyraunt nat \u00feat he desiri\u00fe. syn he is cast doune wi\u00fe so many[e]\nwicked lordes. \u00feat is to seyn wi\u00fe so many[e] vices. \u00feat han so wicked\nlordshipes ouer hym.\n\n\nVIDES NE IGITUR QUANTO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The iij.^de p{ro}se.]]\n\n++SEest \u00feou nat \u00fean in how gret fil\u00fee \u00feise shrewes ben ywrapped. {and}\nwi\u00fe whiche cleernesse \u00feise good folk shynen. In \u00feis shewe\u00fe it wel \u00feat to\ngood folk ne lakke\u00fe neuer mo hir medes. ne shrewes ne lakken neuer mo\nto{ur}mentis. for of alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben ydon \u00feilke \u00feing for whiche any\n\u00feing is doon. it seme\u00fe as by ry\u021dt \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feing be \u00fee mede of \u00feat. as\n\u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0yif a man renne\u00fe in \u00fee stadie or in \u00fee forlonge for \u00fee corone.\n\u00fean lie\u00fe \u00fee mede in \u00fee corone for whiche he renne\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0And I haue shewed\n\u00feat blisfulnesse is \u00feilke same good for whiche \u00feat alle \u00fei{n}g{us} ben\ndon. \u00fean is \u00feilke same good p{ur}posed to \u00fee werkes of mankynde ry\u021dt as\na comune mede. whiche mede ne may ben disseuered fro good folk. for no\nwy\u021dt as by ry\u021dt fro \u00feennes for\u00fee \u00fe{a}t hym lakki\u00fe goodnesse ne shal ben\ncleped good. For whiche \u00feing folk of good[e] maneres her medes ne\nforsaken hem neuer mo. For al be it so \u00feat sherewes waxen as wood as hem\nlist a\u021deynes good[e] folk. \u021ditte neuer \u00fee les \u00fee corone of wise men ne\nshal nat fallen ne faden. \u00b6\u00a0For foreine shrewednesse ne bynyme\u00fe nat fro\n\u00fee corages of good[e] folk hire p{ro}pre honoure. but yif \u00feat any wy\u021dt\nreioise\u00fe hem of goodnesse \u00feat \u00feei had[de] taken fro wi\u00feoute. as who sei\u00fe\nyif [\u00fe{a}t] any wy\u021dt had[de] hys goodnesse of any o\u00feer man \u00fean of hym\nself. certys he \u00feat \u021daf hym \u00feilke goodnesse or ellys som o\u00feer wy\u021dt\nmy\u021dt[e] bynym[e] it hym. but for as moche as to euery wy\u021dt hys owen\np{ro}pre bounte \u021deue\u00fe hy{m} hys mede. \u00fean at arst shal he faylen of mede\nwhan he forleti\u00fe to ben good. {and} at \u00fee laste so as alle medes be{n}\nrequered for men wenen \u00feat \u00feei ben good[e]. who is he \u00feat wolde deme \u00feat\nhe \u00feat is ry\u021dt my\u021dty of goode were p{ar}tles of mede. {and} of what mede\nshal he be gerdoned. certys of ry\u021dt faire mede {and} ry\u021dt greet abouen\nalle medes. \u00b6\u00a0Remembre \u00fee of \u00feilk noble corolarie \u00feat I \u021daf \u00fee a lytel\nhere byforne. {and} gadre it to gidre in \u00feis manere. so as god hym self\nis blisfulnesse. \u00fean is it clere {and} certeyn. \u00feat alle good folk ben\nmakid blisful for \u00feei ben good[e]. and \u00feilke folk \u00feat ben blisful it\naccordi\u00fe {and} is couenable to ben godde[s]. \u00fean is \u00fee mede of goode\nfolk swiche. \u00feat no day [ne] shal enpeyren it. ne no wickednesse shal\nendirken it. ne power of no wy\u021dt ne shal nat amenusen it \u00feat is to seyn\nto ben maked goddes. \u00b6\u00a0and syn it is \u00feus \u00feat goode men ne faylen neuer\nmo of hir{e} medes. \u00b6\u00a0certys no wise man ne may doute of \u00fee\nvndep{ar}table peyne of shrewes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat is to seyn \u00feat \u00fee peyne of\nshrewes ne dep{ar}ti\u00fe nat from hem self neuer mo. \u00b6\u00a0For so as goode\n{and} yuel {and} peyne {and} medes ben contrarie it mot nedes ben \u00fe{a}t\nry\u021dt as we seen by-tiden in gerdou{n} of goode. \u00feat also mot \u00fee peyne of\nyuel answer{e} by \u00fee contrarie partye to shrewes. now \u00fean so as bounte\n{and} prowesse ben \u00fee medes to goode folk. also is shrewednesse it self\ntorment to shrewes \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean who so \u00feat euer is entecched {and} defouled wi\u00fe\nyuel. yif shrewes wolen \u00fean p{re}isen hem self may it semen to hem \u00feat\n\u00feei ben wi\u00fe oute{n} p{ar}tye of tourment. syn \u00feei ben swiche \u00feat \u00fee\n[vtteriste wikkednesse / \u00fe{a}t is to seyn wikkede thewes / which \u00fe{a}t\nis the] out{er}este {and} \u00fee w[or]ste kynde of shrewednesse ne defouli\u00fe\nnat ne entecehi\u00fe nat hem oonly but infecti\u00fe {and} enuenemy\u00fe he{m}\ngretely \u00b6\u00a0And al so loke on shrewes \u00feat ben \u00fee contrarie p{ar}tye of\ngoode men. how grete peyne felawshipe\u00fe {and} folwe\u00fe hem. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feou hast\nlerned a litel here byforn \u00feat al \u00fei{n}g \u00feat is {and} ha\u00fe beynge is oon.\n{and} \u00feilke same oon is good. \u00fean is \u00feis consequence \u00feat it seme\u00fe wel.\n\u00feat al \u00feat is {and} ha\u00fe bey{n}ge is good. \u00feis is to seyne. as who sei\u00fe\n\u00feat beynge {and} vnite {and} goodnesse is al oon. {and} in \u00feis manere it\nfolwe\u00fe \u00fean. \u00feat al \u00feing \u00feat faile\u00fe to ben good. it stynti\u00fe forto be.\n{and} forto haue any beynge. wher fore it is \u00feat shrewes stynten forto\nben \u00feat \u00feei weren. but \u00feilke o\u00feer forme of mankynde. \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee\nforme of \u00fee body wi\u00fe oute. shewi\u00fe \u021dit \u00feat \u00feise shrewes were somtyme men.\n\u00b6\u00a0wher fore whan \u00feei ben p{er}uerted {and} torned in to malice. certys\n\u00fean han \u00feei forlorn \u00fee nature of mankynde. but so as oonly bounte {and}\nprowesse may enhawnse euery man ouer o\u00feer men. \u00fean mot it nedes be \u00feat\nshrewes whiche \u00feat shrewednesse ha\u00fe cast out of \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} of\nmankynde ben put vndir \u00fee merite {and} \u00fee deserte of men. \u00fean bitidi\u00fe it\n\u00feat yif \u00feou seest a wy\u021dt \u00feat be t{ra}nsformed in to vices. \u00feou ne mayst\nnat wene \u00feat he be a man. \u00b6\u00a0For \u021dif he [be] ardaunt in auarice. {and}\n\u00feat he be a rauyno{ur} by violence of foreine rychesse. \u00feou shalt seyn\n\u00feat he is lyke to a wolf. {and} yif he be felonous {and} wi\u00fe out reste\n{and} ex{er}cise hys tonge to chidynges. \u00feou shalt lykene hym to \u00fee\nhounde. {and} yif he be a p{re}ue awaito{ur} yhid {and} reioyse\u00fe hym to\nrauysshe by wyles. \u00feou shalt seyne hym lyke to \u00fee fox whelpes. \u00b6\u00a0And yif\nhe be distempre {and} quaki\u00fe for ire men shal wene \u00feat he bere\u00fe \u00fee\ncorage of a lyou{n}. {and} yif he be dredeful {and} fleynge and drede\u00fe\n\u00feinges \u00feat ne au\u021dten nat ben dred. men shal holde hym lyke to \u00fee\nh{er}te. {and} yif he be slowe {and} astoned {and} lache. he lyue\u00fe as an\nasse. {and} yif he be ly\u021dt {and} vnstedfast of corage {and} chaunge\u00fe ay\nhis studies. he is lickened to briddes. \u00b6\u00a0{and} yif he be plounged in\nfoule {and} vnclene luxuries. he is wi\u00feholden in \u00fee foule delices of \u00fee\nfoule soowe. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean folwe\u00fe it \u00feat he \u00feat forleti\u00fe bountee {and} prowesse.\nhe forleti\u00fe to ben a man. syn he ne may nat passe in to \u00fee\ncondic{i}ou{n} of god. he is tourned in to a beest.\n\n\nV[E]LA NARICII DUCIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 3^de Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Evrus \u00fee wynde aryue\u00fe \u00fee sayles of vlixes duc of \u00fee contre of narice.\n{and} hys wandryng shippes by \u00fee see in to \u00fee isle \u00feere as Circe \u00fee\nfayre goddesse dou\u021dter of \u00fee sonne dwelle\u00fe \u00feat medly\u00fe to hir newe gestes\ndrynkes \u00feat ben touched {and} maked wi\u00fe enchau{n}tment\u021d. {and} after \u00feat\nhir hande my\u021dty of \u00fee herbes had[de] chau{n}ged hir gestes i{n} to\ndyuerse maneres. \u00feat oon of hem is couered his face wi\u00fe forme of a boor.\n\u00feat o\u00feer is chau{n}ged in to a lyou{n} of \u00fee contre of marmorike. {and}\nhis nayles {and} his te\u00fee wexen. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat o\u00feer of hem is newliche chaunged\nin to a wolf. {and} howeli\u00fe whan he wolde wepe. \u00feat o\u00feer go\u00fe debonairly\nin \u00fee house as a tigre of Inde. but al be it so \u00feat \u00fee godhed of\nmercurie \u00feat is cleped \u00fee bride of arcadie ha\u00fe had mercie of \u00fee duc\nvlixes byseged wi\u00fe diu{er}se yueles {and} ha\u00fe vnbounden hym fro \u00fee\npestilence of hys oosteresse algates \u00fee rowers {and} \u00fee maryners hadden\nby \u00feis ydrawen in to hir mou\u00fees {and} dronken \u00fee wicked[e] drynkes \u00feei\n\u00feat were woxen swyne hadden by \u00feis chau{n}ged hire mete of brede forto\nete acorns of ookes. non of hir lymes ne dwelli\u00fe wi\u00fe he{m} hoole. but\n\u00feei han lost \u00fee voys {and} \u00fee body. Oonly hir{e} \u00feou\u021dt dwelle\u00fe wi\u00fe hem\nstable \u00fe{a}t wepi\u00fe {and} bywaili\u00fe \u00fee monstruous chaungynge \u00feat \u00feei\nsuffren. \u00b6\u00a0O ouer ly\u021dt hand. as who sei\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0O feble {and} ly\u021dt is \u00fee\nhand of Circes \u00fee enchaunteresse \u00feat chaunge\u00fe \u00fee bodies of folk in to\nbestes to regarde {and} to co{m}parisou{n} of mutac{i}ou{n} \u00feat is makid\nby vices. ne \u00fee herbes of circes ne ben nat my\u021dty. for al be it so \u00feat\n\u00feei may chau{n}gen \u00fee lymes of \u00fee body. \u00b6\u00a0algates \u021dit \u00feei may nat\nchau{n}ge \u00fee hertes. for wi\u00fe inne is yhid \u00fee streng\u00fee {and} \u00fee vigour of\nme{n} in \u00fee secre toure of hire hertys. \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee streng\u00fee of\nresou{n}. but \u00feilke uenyms of vices to-drawen a man to hem more my\u021dtily\n\u00fean \u00fee venym of circes. \u00b6\u00a0For vices ben so cruel \u00feat \u00feei percen {and}\n\u00feoru\u021d passen \u00fee corage wi\u00fe i{n}ne. {and} \u00feou\u021d \u00feei ne anoye nat \u00fee body.\n\u021ditte vices wooden to distroien men by wounde of \u00feou\u021dt.\n\n\nTUNC EGO FATEOR INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n++\u00dean seide I \u00feus I confesse {and} am aknowe q{uo}d I. ne I ne se nat\n\u00feat men may seyn as by ry\u021dt. \u00fe{a}t shrewes ne ben nat chaunged in to\nbeestes by \u00fee qualite of hir soules. \u00b6\u00a0Al be it so \u00fe{a}t \u00feei kepen \u021ditte\n\u00fee forme of \u00fee body of mankynde. but I nolde nat of shrewes of whiche \u00fee\n\u00feou\u021dt cruel woode\u00fe alwey in to destrucc{i}ou{n} of good[e] men. \u00feat it\nwer{e} leueful to hem to done \u00feat. \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d she ne it nis nat\nleueful to hem as I shal wel shewen \u00fee in couenable place. \u00b6\u00a0But na\u00feeles\nyif so were \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feat me{n} wene{n} ben leueful for shrewes were\nbynomen hem. so \u00feat \u00feei ne my\u021dten nat anoyen or don harme to goode men.\n\u00b6\u00a0Certys a gret p{ar}ty of \u00fee peyne to shrewes shulde ben allegged {and}\nreleued. \u00b6\u00a0For al be it so \u00fe{a}t \u00feis ne seme nat credible \u00feing\np{er}auent{ur}e to so{m}me folk \u021dit mot it nedes be \u00feat shrewes ben more\nwrecches {and} vnsely. whan \u00feei may don {and} p{er}forme \u00feat \u00feei\ncoueiten [than yif they myhte nat complyssen \u00fe{a}t they coueyten]. \u00b6\u00a0For\nyif so be \u00feat it be wrecchednesse to wilne to don yuel[;] \u00fean is it more\nwrecchednesse to mowen don yuel. wi\u00fe oute whiche moeuyng \u00fee wrecched\nwille sholde languisshe wi\u00fe oute effecte. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean syn \u00feat eueryche of \u00feise\n\u00feinges ha\u00fe hys wrecchednesse. \u00feat is to seyne wil to done yuel. and\nmoeuynge to done yuel. it mot nedes be. \u00feat \u00feei (shrewes) ben\nconstreyned by \u00fere vnselynesses \u00feat wolen {and} mowen {and} p{er}formen\nfelonyes {and} shrewednesses. \u00b6\u00a0I accorde me q{uo}d I. but I desire\ngretely \u00feat shrewes losten sone \u00feilke vnselynesses. \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat\nshrewes were despoyled of moeuyng to don yuel. \u00b6\u00a0so shulle{n} \u00feei q{uo}d\nshe. sonnere p{er}auenture \u00feen \u00fe{o}u woldest or sonnere \u00feen \u00feei hem self\nwenen to lakken mowynge to done yuel. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feere nis no \u00feing so late in\nso short bou{n}des of \u00feis lijf \u00feat is longe to abide. namelyche to a\ncorage inmortel. Of whiche shrewes \u00fee grete hope {and} \u00fee heye\nco{m}passy{n}g{us} of shrewednesse is often destroyed by a sodeyne ende\nor \u00feei ben war. {and} \u00feat \u00feing establi\u00fe to shrewes \u00fee ende of hir\nshrewednesse. \u00b6\u00a0For yif \u00feat shrewednesse maki\u00fee wrecches. \u00fean mot he\nnedes be most wrecched \u00feat lengest is a shrewe. \u00fee whiche wicked shrewes\nwolde ydemen aldirmost vnsely {and} caytifs yif \u00feat hir shrewednes ne\nwere yfinissed. at \u00fee leste weye by \u00fee outerest[e] dee\u00fe. for [yif] I\nhaue concluded so\u00fee of \u00fee vnselynesse of shrewednesse. \u00fean shewe\u00fe it\nclerely \u00feat \u00feilke shrewednesse is wi\u00fe outen ende \u00fee whiche is certeyne\nto ben p{er}durable. \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d I \u00feis [conclusion] is harde {and}\nwonderful to graunte. \u00b6\u00a0But I knowe wel \u00feat it accorde\u00fe moche to [the]\n\u00fei{n}ges \u00feat I haue graunted her byforne. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feou hast q{uo}d she \u00fee ry\u021dt\nestimac{i}ou{n} of \u00feis. but who so euere wene \u00feat it be an harde \u00feing to\nacorde hym to a conclusiou{n}. it is ry\u021dt \u00feat he shewe \u00feat so{m}me of \u00fee\np{re}misses ben fals. or ellys he mot shewe \u00feat \u00fee colasiou{n} of\np{re}posic{i}ou{n}s nis nat spedful to a necessarie conclusio{n}. \u00b6\u00a0and\nyif it be nat so. but \u00feat \u00fee p{re}misses ben yg{ra}nted \u00feer nis nat whi\nhe sholde blame \u00fee argument. for \u00feis \u00feing \u00feat I shal telle \u00fee nowe ne\nshal not seme lasse wondirful. but of \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben taken al so it\nis necessarie as who so sei\u00fe it folwe\u00fe of \u00feat whiche \u00feat is p{ur}posed\nbyforn. what is \u00feat q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0certys q{uo}d she \u00feat is \u00feat \u00fe{a}t \u00feise\nwicked shrewes ben more blysful or ellys lasse wrecches. \u00feat byen \u00fee\ntourmentes \u00feat \u00feei han deserued. \u00fean yif no peyne of Iustice ne\nchastied[e] hem. ne \u00feis ne seye I nat now for \u00feat any man my\u021dt[e]\n\u00feenk[e] \u00feat \u00fee maneres of shrewes ben coriged {and} chastised by\nveniaunce. {and} \u00feat \u00feei ben brou\u021dt to \u00fee ry\u021dt wey by \u00fee drede of \u00fee\ntourment. ne for \u00feat \u00feei \u021deuen to o\u00feer folk ensample to fleyen fro{m}\nvices. \u00b6\u00a0But I vndirstonde \u021ditte [in] an o\u00feer manere \u00feat shrewes ben\nmore vnsely whan \u00feei ne ben nat punissed al be it so \u00feat \u00feere ne ben had\nno resou{n} or lawe of correcc{i}ou{n}. ne none ensample of lokynge.\n\u00b6\u00a0And what manere shal \u00feat ben q{uo}d I. ou\u00feer \u00fean ha\u00fe ben told here\nbyforn \u00b6\u00a0Haue we nat graunted \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat good[e] folk ben\nblysful. {and} shrewes ben wrecches. \u021dis q{uo}d I. [thanne q{uod} she]\n\u021dif \u00feat any good were added to \u00fee wrecchenesse of any wy\u021dt. nis he nat\nmore blisful \u00fean he \u00feat ne ha\u00fe no medelyng of goode in hys solitarie\nwrecchednesse. so seme\u00fe it q{uo}d I. and what seyst \u00feou \u00fean q{uo}d she\nof \u00feilke wrecche \u00feat lakke\u00fe alle goodes. so \u00feat no goode nis medeled in\nhys wrecchednesse. {and} \u021ditte ouer alle hys wickednesse for whiche he\nis a wrecche \u00feat \u00feer be \u021ditte ano\u00feer yuel anexid {and} knyt to hym. shal\nnot men demen hym more vnsely \u00fean \u00feilke wrecche of whiche \u00fee vnselynesse\nis re[le]ued by \u00fee p{ar}ticipac{i}ou{n} of som goode. whi sholde he nat\nq{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean certys q{uo}d she han shrewes whan \u00feei ben punissed\nsomwhat of good anexid to hir wrecchednesse. \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee same\npeyne \u00feat \u00feei suffren whiche \u00feat is good by \u00fee resou{n} of Iustice. And\nwhan \u00feilke same shrewes ascapen wi\u00fe outen tourment. \u00fean han \u00feei somwhat\nmore of yuel \u021dit ouer \u00fee wickednesse \u00feat \u00feei han don. \u00feat is to seye\ndefaute of peyne. whiche defaute of peyne \u00feou hast graunted is yuel.\n\u00b6\u00a0For \u00fee desert of felonye I ne may nat denye it q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0Moche more\n\u00fean q{uo}d she ben shrewes vnsely whan \u00feei ben wrongfully delyuered fro\npeyne. \u00fean whan \u00feei be\u00fe punissed by ry\u021dtful vengeaunce. but \u00feis is open\n\u00fei{n}g {and} clere \u00feat it is ry\u021dt \u00feat shrewes ben punissed. {and} it is\nwickednesse {and} wrong \u00feat \u00feei escapin vnpunissed. \u00b6\u00a0who my\u021dt[e] denye\n\u00feat q{uo}d I. but q{uo}d she may any ma{n} denye. \u00feat al \u00feat is ry\u021dt nis\ngood. {and} also \u00fee contrarie. \u00feat alle \u00feat is wrong nis wicked. certys\nq{uo}d I \u00feise \u00feinges ben clere ynou\u021d. {and} \u00feat we han concludid a litel\nhere byforn{e}. but I p{re}ye \u00fee \u00feat \u00feou telle me yif \u00feou accordest to\nleten no to{ur}ment to \u00fee soules aftir \u00feat \u00fee body is dedid by \u00fee de\u00fee.\n\u00feis [is] to seyn. vndirstondest \u00feou ou\u021dt \u00feat soules han any to{ur}ment\nafter \u00fee de\u00fee of \u00fee body. \u00b6\u00a0Certis q{uo}d she \u021de {and} \u00feat ry\u021dt grete.\nof whiche soules q{uo}d she I trowe \u00feat so{m}me ben to{ur}mentid by\nasprenesse of peyne. {and} so{m}me soules I trowe be exc{er}cised by a\np{ur}ging mekenesse. but my conseil nys nat to determyne of \u00feis peyne.\nbut I haue trauayled and told it hider to. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feou sholdest knowe \u00feat\n\u00fee mowynge [.i. myght] of shrewes whiche mowynge \u00fee seme\u00fe to ben.\nvnwor\u00fei nis no mowynge. {and} eke of shrewes of whiche \u00feou pleynedest\n\u00feat \u00feei ne were nat punissed. \u00feat \u00feou woldest seen \u00feat \u00feei ne weren\nneuer mo wi\u00fe outen \u00fee torment of hire wickednesse. {and} of \u00fee licence\nof mowynge to done yuel. \u00feat \u00feou p{re}idest \u00feat it my\u021dt[e] sone ben\nendid. {and} \u00feat \u00feou woldest fayne lerne. \u00feat it ne sholde nat longe\nendure. {and} \u00feat shrewes ben more vnsely yif \u00feei were of lenger duryng.\n{and} most vnsely yif \u00feei weren p{er}durable. {and} after \u00feis I haue\nshewed \u00fee \u00feat more vnsely ben shrewes whan \u00feei escapen wi\u00fe oute ry\u021dtful\npeyne. \u00fean whan \u00feei ben punissed by ry\u021dtful uengeaunce. and of \u00feis\nsentence folwe\u00fe it \u00feat \u00fean be{n} shrewes constreyned atte laste wi\u00fe most\ngreuous tourment. whan men wene \u00feat \u00feei ne ben nat ypunissed. whan I\nconsidre \u00fei resou{n}s q{uo}d I. I. ne trowe nat \u00feat men seyn any \u00feing\nmore verrely. {and} yif I to{ur}ne a\u021deyn to \u00fee studies of men. who is\n[he] to who{m} it sholde seme \u00feat [he] ne sholde nat only leue{n} \u00feise\n\u00feinges. but eke gladly herkene he{m}. Certys q{uo}d she so it is. but\nmen may nat. for \u00feei han hire eyen so wont to derkenesse of er\u00feely\n\u00feinges. \u00feat \u00feei may nat liften hem vp to \u00fee ly\u021dt of clere so\u00feefastnes.\n\u00b6\u00a0But \u00feei ben lyke to briddes of whiche \u00fee ny\u021dt ly\u021dtne\u00fe hyre lookyng.\n{and} \u00fee day blynde\u00fe hem. for whan men loken nat \u00fee ordre of \u00feinges but\nhire lustes {and} talent\u021d. \u00feei wene \u00feat o\u00feir \u00fee leue or \u00fee mowynge to\ndone wickednesse or ellys \u00fee escapi{n}g wi\u00fe oute peyne be weleful. but\nco{n}sider{e} \u00fee iugement of \u00fee p{er}durable lawe. for if \u00feou conferme\n\u00fei corage to \u00fee beste \u00feinges. \u00feou ne hast no nede to no iuge to \u021diue{n}\n\u00fee p{r}is or meede. for \u00feou hast ioigned \u00fei self to \u00fee most excellent\n\u00feing. and yif \u00feou haue enclined \u00fei studies to \u00fee wicked \u00feinges. ne seek\nno foreyn wrekere out of \u00fei self. for \u00feou \u00fei self hast \u00ferest \u00fee in to\nwicked \u00feinges. ry\u021dt as \u00feou my\u021dtest loken by dyuerse tymes \u00fee foule er\u00fee\n{and} \u00fee heuene. {and} \u00feat alle o\u00feer \u00feinges stynten fro wi\u00fe oute. so \u00feat\n\u00feou [ner{e} neyther in heuene ne in erthe] ne say[e] no \u00feing more. \u00fean\nsholde it semen to \u00fee as by only resou{n} of lokynge. \u00feat \u00feou were in \u00fee\nsterres. {and} now in \u00fee er\u00fee. but \u00fee poeple ne loke\u00fe nat on \u00feise\n\u00feinges. what \u00fean shal we \u00fean app{ro}chen vs to hem \u00feat I haue shewed \u00feat\n\u00feei ben lyke to \u00fee bestes. (q. d. no{n}) \u00b6\u00a0And what wilt \u00feou seyne of\n\u00feis \u00b6\u00a0yif \u00feat a man hadde al forlorn hys sy\u021dt. {and} had[de] for\u021deten\n\u00feat he euer saw {and} wende \u00fe{a}t no \u00feing ne fayled[e] hym of\np{er}fecc{i}ou{n} of ma{n}kynde. now we \u00feat my\u021dten sen \u00fee same \u00feing\nwolde we nat wene \u00feat he were bly{n}de (q. d. sic). ne also ne accorde\u00fe\nnat \u00fee poeple to \u00feat I shal seyne. \u00fee whiche \u00feing is susteyned by a\nstronge foundement of resou{n}s. \u00feat is to seyn \u00feat more vnsely ben \u00feei\n\u00feat don wrong to o\u00feer folk. \u00feen \u00feei \u00feat \u00fee wrong suffren. \u00b6\u00a0I wolde\nheren \u00feilke same resou{n}s q{uo}d I \u00b6\u00a0Deniest \u00feou q{uo}d she \u00feat alle\nshrewes ne ben wor\u00fei to han to{ur}ment. nay q{uo}d I. but q{uo}d she I\nam certeyne by many resou{n}s \u00feat shrewes ben vnsely. it accorde\u00fe q{uo}d\nI. \u00fean [ne] dowtest \u00feou nat q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00feilke folk \u00feat ben wor\u00fei of\nto{ur}ment \u00feat \u00feei ne ben wrecches. It accorde\u00fe wel q{uo}d I. yif \u00feou\nwere \u00fean q{uo}d she yset a Iuge or a knower of \u00feinges. whe\u00feer trowest\n\u00feou \u00fe{a}t men sholde to{ur}ment[e] hym \u00feat ha\u00fe don \u00fee wronge. or hym \u00feat\nha\u00fe suffred \u00fee wronge. I\u00a0ne doute nat q{uo}d I. \u00feat I nolde don\nsuffissaunt satisfacc{i}ou{n} to hym \u00feat had[de] suffred \u00fee wrong by \u00fee\nsorwe of hym \u00feat had[de] don \u00fee wronge. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean seme\u00fe it q{uo}d she \u00feat \u00fee\ndoar of wrong is more wrecche \u00fean he \u00feat ha\u00fe suffred \u00fee wrong. \u00feat\nfolwe\u00fe wel q{uo}d [I]. \u00fean q{uo}d she by \u00feise causes {and} by o\u00feer\ncauses \u00feat ben enforced by \u00fee same roate \u00feat fil\u00fee or synne by \u00fee\np{ro}pre nature of it make\u00fe men wretches. {and} it shewe\u00fe wel \u00feat \u00fee\nwrong \u00feat me{n} don nis nat \u00fee wrecchenesse of hym \u00feat receyue\u00fe \u00fee\nwrong. but \u00fee wrecchednesse of hym \u00feat do\u00fe \u00fee wronge \u00b6\u00a0but certys q{uo}d\nshe \u00feise orato{ur}s or aduocat\u021d don al \u00fee contrarie for \u00feei enforcen hem\nto co{m}moeue \u00fee iuges to han pite of he{m} \u00feat han suffred {and}\nresceyued \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben greuous {and} aspre. {and} \u021ditte men sholden\nmore ry\u021dtfully han pitee on hem \u00feat don \u00fee greuaunces {and} \u00fee wronges.\n\u00fee whiche shrewes it were a more couenable \u00feing \u00feat \u00fee accuso{ur}s or\naduocat\u021d not wro\u00fee but pitous {and} debonaire ladden \u00fee shrewes \u00feat han\ndon wro{n}g to \u00fee Iugement. ry\u021dt as men leden seke folk to \u00fee leche. for\n\u00feat \u00feei sholden seken out \u00fee maladies of synne by to{ur}ment\u021d. and by\n\u00feis couenaunt ey\u00feer \u00fee entent of \u00fee defendo{ur}s or aduocat\u021d sholde\nfayle {and} cesen in al. or ellys yif \u00fee office of aduocat\u021d wolde\nbettre p{ro}fiten to men. it sholde be to{ur}ned in to \u00fee habit of\naccusac{i}ou{n}. \u00feat is [to] s[e]yn \u00feei sholde{n} accuse shrewes.\n{and} nat excuse hem. {and} eke \u00fee shrewes hem self. \u021dit it were\nleueful to hem to seen at any clifte \u00fee vertue \u00feat \u00feei han forleten.\n{and} sawen \u00feat \u00feei sholde putten adou{n} \u00fee fil\u00fees of hire vices\nby [the] to{ur}ment\u021d of peynes. \u00feei ne au\u021dten nat ry\u021dt for \u00fee\nreco{m}pensac{i}ou{n} forto geten hem bounte {and} prowesse whiche \u00feat\n\u00feei han lost demen ne holden \u00feat \u00feilke peynes weren to{ur}mentes to hem.\n{and} eke \u00feei wolden refuse \u00fee attendau{n}ce of hir aduocat\u021d {and} taken\nhem self to hire iuges {and} to hir accusours. for whiche it bytide\u00fe\n[\u00fe{a}t] as to \u00fee wise folk \u00feer nis no place ylete to hate. \u00feat is to\nseyn. \u00feat hate ne ha\u00fe no place amonges wise men. \u00b6\u00a0For no wy\u021dt wolde\nhaten gode men. but yif he were ouer moche a fole. \u00b6\u00a0and forto haten\nshrewes it nis no resou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0For ry\u021dt so as languissing is maladie of\nbody. ry\u021dt so ben vices {and} sy{n}ne maladies of corage. \u00b6\u00a0and so as we\nne deme nat \u00feat \u00feei \u00feat ben seek of hire body ben wor\u00fei to ben hated.\nbut ra\u00feer wor\u00fei of pite. wel more wor\u00fei nat to ben hated. but forto ben\nhad in pite ben \u00feei of whiche \u00fee \u00feou\u021dtes ben constreined by felonous\nwickednesse. \u00feat is more cruel \u00fea{n} any languissinge of body.\n\n\nQUID TANTOS IUUAT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The ferthe Met{ur}.]]\n\n++What delite\u00fe it \u021dow to exciten so grete moewynges of hatredes {and} to\nhasten {and} bisien [the] fatal disposic{i}ou{n} of \u021doure dee\u00fe wi\u00fe \u021doure\np{ro}pre handes. \u00feat is to seyn by batailes or [by] contek. for yif \u021de\naxen \u00fee dee\u00fe it hastisi\u00fe hym of hys owen wille. ne dee\u00fe ne tarie\u00fe nat\nhys swifte hors. and [the] men \u00feat \u00fee serpent\u021d {and} \u00fee lyou{n}s. {and}\n\u00fee tigre. {and} \u00fee beere {and} \u00fee boore seken to sleen wi\u00fe her te\u00fee. \u021dit\n\u00feilke same men seken to sleen eueryche of hem o\u00feer wi\u00fe swerde. loo for\nher man{er}s ben diuerse {and} discordaunt \u00b6\u00a0\u00feei moeuen vnry\u021dtful oostes\n{and} cruel batailes. {and} wilne to p{er}isse by enterchaungynge of\ndartes. but \u00fee resou{n} of cruelte nis nat ynou\u021d ry\u021dtful. wilt \u00feou \u00fean\n\u021delden a couenable gerdou{n} to \u00fee desertes of men \u00b6\u00a0Loue ry\u021dtfully\ngoode folk[;] {and} haue pite on shrewes.\n\n\nHINC EGO UIDEO INQ{UA}M. {ET} CET{ERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe p{ro}se.]]\n\n++\u00deus see I wel q{uo}d I. ey\u00feer what blisfulnesse or ellys what\nvnselinesse is estab[l]issed in \u00fee desertys of goode men {and} of\nshrewes. \u00b6\u00a0but in \u00feis ilke fortune of poeple I see somwhat of goode.\n{and} somwhat of yuel. for no wise man ha\u00fe nat leuer ben exiled pore\n{and} nedy {and} nameles. \u00fean forto dwellen in hys Citee {and} flouren\nof rychesses. {and} be redoutable by honoure. {and} stronge of power for\nin \u00feis wise more clerely {and} more witnesfully is \u00fee office of wise men\nytretid whan \u00fee blisfulnes {and} [the] pouste of gouerno{ur}s is as it\nwere yshad amonges poeples \u00feat ben ney\u021dboures {and} subgit\u021d. syn \u00feat\nnamely prisou{n} lawe {and} \u00feise o\u00feer to{ur}ment\u021d of lawful peynes ben\nra\u00feer owed to felonous Cite\u021deins. for \u00fee whiche felonous Cite\u021deins \u00feo\npeynes ben establissed. \u00fean for goode folk. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean I m{er}ueile me gretly\nq{uo}d I. whi [\u00fe{a}t] \u00fee \u00feinges ben so mys entrechaunged. \u00feat\nto{ur}ment\u021d felounes pressen {and} confounden goode folk. {and} shrewes\nrauyssen medes of vertue {and} ben i{n} hono{ur}s. {and} in grete\nestatis. and I desire eke to wite{n} of \u00fee. what seme\u00fe \u00fee to ben \u00fee\nresou{n} of \u00feis so wrongful a confusiou{n} \u00b6\u00a0For I wolde wondre wel \u00fee\nlasse yif I trowed[e] \u00feat alle \u00feise \u00feinges were medeled by fortuouse\nhap. \u00b6\u00a0But now hepe\u00fe {and} encrese\u00fe myne astonyenge god gouerno{ur} of\n\u00feinges. \u00feat so as god \u021deue\u00fe ofte tymes to good[e] men goodes {and}\nmyr\u00fees. {and} to shrewes yuel and aspre \u00feinges. {and} \u021deue\u00fe a\u021deynewarde\nto goode folk hardnesse. {and} to shrewes [he] g{ra}unte\u00fe hem her wille\n{and} \u00feat \u00feei desiren. what difference \u00fean may \u00feer be bitwixen \u00fe{a}t \u00feat\ngod do\u00fe. {and} \u00fee hap of fortune. yif men ne knowe nat \u00fee cause whi \u00feat\n[it] is. it nis no merueile q{uo}d she \u00feou\u021d \u00feat men wenen \u00feat \u00feer be\nsomwhat folysche and confus whan \u00fee resou{n} of \u00fee order is vnknowe.\n\u00b6\u00a0But alle \u00feou\u021d \u00feou ne know nat \u00fee cause of so gret a disposic{i}ou{n}.\nna\u00feeles for as moche as god \u00fee good[e] gouernour attempre\u00fe {and}\ngouerne\u00fe \u00fee world. ne doute \u00fee nat \u00feat alle \u00feinges ne ben doon ary\u021dt.\n\n\nSI QUIS ARCTURI SYDERA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyfthe Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Who so \u00feat ne knowe nat \u00fee sterres of arctour yto{ur}ned neye to \u00fee\nsouereyne contre or point. \u00feat is to seyne yto{ur}ned neye to \u00fee\nsouereyne pool of \u00fee firmament {and} woot nat whi \u00fee sterre boetes\npasse\u00fe or gaderi\u00fe his wey[n]es. {and} drenche\u00fe his late flaumbes in \u00fee\nsee. {and} whi \u00feat boetes \u00fee sterre vnfoldi\u00fe his ouer swifte arisynges.\n\u00fean shal he wo{n}dre{n} of \u00fee lawe of \u00fee heye eyre. {and} eke if \u00feat he\nne knowe nat why \u00feat \u00fee hornes of \u00fee ful[le] moene waxen pale {and}\ninfect by \u00fee bou{n}des of \u00fee derke ny\u021dt \u00b6\u00a0and how \u00fee moene dirk {and}\nconfuse discouere\u00fe \u00fee sterres. \u00feat she had[de] ycouered by hir clere\nvisage. \u00fee co{m}mune errour moeue\u00fe folk {and} maki\u00fe wery hir bacines of\nbras by \u00feikke strookes. \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat \u00feer is a maner poeple \u00feat\nhy\u021dt[e] coribandes \u00feat wenen \u00feat whan \u00fee moone is in \u00fee eclips \u00feat it be\nenchau{n}tid. and \u00feerfore forto rescowe \u00fee moone \u00feei betyn hire basines\nwi\u00fe \u00feikke strokes. \u00b6\u00a0Ne no man ne wondre\u00fe whan \u00fee blastes of \u00fee wynde\nchorus betyn \u00fee strondes of \u00fee see by quakynge floodes. ne no man ne\nwondre\u00fe whan \u00fee wey\u021dte of \u00fee snowe yhardid by \u00fee colde. is resolued by\n\u00fee brennynge hete of phebus \u00fee sonne. \u00b6\u00a0For here seen men redyly \u00fee\ncauses. but \u00fee causes yhid \u00feat is to seye in heuene trouble \u00fee brestes\nof men. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee moeueable poeple is a-stoned of alle \u00feinges \u00feat comen selde\n{and} sodeynely in oure age. but yif \u00fee troubly errour of oure\nignora{n}ce departid[e] from vs. so \u00feat we wisten \u00fee causes whi \u00feat\nswiche \u00feinges bitiden. certys \u00feei sholde{n} cesse to seme wondres.\n\n\nITA EST INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The syxte p{ro}se.]]\n\n{\u00de}vs is it q{uo}d I. but so as \u00feou hast \u021deuen or byhy\u021dt me to\nvnwrappe{n} \u00fee hidde causes of \u00feinges \u00b6\u00a0and to discoueren me \u00fee\nresou{n}s couered w{i}t{h} dirknesses I p{re}ye \u00fee \u00feat \u00feou diuise {and}\nIuge me of \u00feis matere. {and} \u00feat \u00feou do me to vndrestonde{n} it. \u00b6\u00a0For\n\u00feis miracle or \u00feis wondre trouble\u00fe me ry\u021dt gretely. {and} \u00fean she a\nlitel [what] smylyng seide. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feou clepest me q{uo}d she to telle \u00feing.\n\u00feat is grettest of alle \u00feinges \u00feat mowen ben axed. \u00b6\u00a0And to \u00fee whiche\nquestiou{n} vnne\u00fe[e]s is \u00feere au\u021dt ynow to lauen it. as who sei\u00fe.\nvnne\u00fees is \u00feer suffisauntly any \u00feing to answere p{er}fitly to \u00fei\nquestiou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00fee matere of it is swiche \u00feat whan oon doute is\ndetermined {and} kut awey \u00feer wexe{n} o\u00feer doutes wi\u00fe-outen nou{m}bre.\nry\u021dt as \u00fee heuedes waxen of ydre \u00fee serpent \u00feat hercules slou\u021d. \u00b6\u00a0Ne\n\u00feere ne were no man{er}e ne noon ende. but yif \u00feat a wy\u021dt\nco{n}streined[e] \u00feo doutes. by a ry\u021dt lyuely {and} a quik fire of \u00feou\u021dt.\n\u00feat is to seyn by vigo{ur} {and} streng\u00fee of witte. \u00b6\u00a0For in \u00feis matere\nme{n} weren wont to maken questiou{n}s of \u00fee simplicite of \u00fee\np{ur}ueaunce of god {and} of \u00fee ordre of destine. {and} of sodeyne hap.\n{and} of \u00fee knowyng {and} p{re}destinac{i}ou{n} deuine {and} of \u00fee\nlyberte of fre wille. \u00fee whiche \u00feing \u00feou \u00fei self ap{er}ceiust wel of\nwhat wey\u021dt \u00feei ben. but for as mochel as \u00fee knowynge of \u00feise \u00feinges is a\nmanere porc{i}ou{n} to \u00fee medicine to \u00fee. al be it so \u00feat I haue lytel\ntyme to don it. \u021dit na\u00feeles I wole enforcen me to shewe somwhat of it.\n\u00b6\u00a0but al \u00feou\u021d \u00fee norissinges of dite of musike delite\u00fe \u00fee \u00feow most\nsuffren. {and} forberen a litel of \u00feilk delite while \u00feat I weue\n(contexo) to \u00fee resou{n}s yknyt by ordre \u00b6\u00a0As it like\u00fe to \u00fee q{uo}d I so\ndo. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feo spak she ry\u021dt a[s] by an o\u00feer bygynnyn[ge] {and} seide \u00feus.\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00fee enge{n}drynge of alle \u00feinges q{uo}d she {and} alle \u00fee\nprogressiou{n}s of muuable nat{ur}e. {and} alle \u00fe{a}t moeue\u00fe in any\nmanere taki\u00fe hys causes. hys ordre. {and} hys formes. of \u00fee stablenesse\nof \u00fee deuyne \u00feou\u021dt [{and} thilke deuyne thowht] \u00feat is yset {and} put in\n\u00fee toure. \u00feat is to seyne in \u00fee hey\u021dt of \u00fee simplicite of god. stablisi\u00fe\nmany manere gyses to \u00feinges \u00feat ben to don. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee whiche manere whan \u00feat\nmen loken it i{n} \u00feilke pure clerenesse of \u00fee deuyne i{n}telligence. it\nis ycleped p{ur}ueaunce \u00b6\u00a0but whan \u00feilke manere is referred by me{n} to\n\u00feinges \u00feat it moeue\u00fe {and} dispone\u00fe \u00fean of olde men. it was cleped\ndestine. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee whiche \u00feinges yif \u00feat any wy\u021dt loke\u00fe wel in his \u00feou\u021dt. \u00fee\nstreng\u00fee of \u00feat oon {and} of \u00feat o\u00feer he shal ly\u021dtly mowen seen \u00feat \u00feise\ntwo \u00feinges ben diuers. \u00b6\u00a0For p{ur}ueau{n}ce is \u00feilke deuyne resou{n} \u00feat\nis establissed in \u00fee souereyne p{r}ince of \u00feinges. \u00fee whiche\np{ur}ueaunce disponi\u00fe alle \u00feinges. but destine is \u00fee disposic{i}ou{n}\n{and} ordenaunce cleuynge to moeuable \u00feinges. by \u00fee whiche\ndisposic{i}ou{n} \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce knyte\u00fe alle \u00feinges in hire ordres.\n\u00b6\u00a0For p{ur}ueaunce enbrace\u00fe alle \u00fei{n}ges to hepe. al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat \u00feei ben\ndyuerse {and} al \u00feou\u021d \u00feei ben wi\u00fe outen fyn. but destynie dep{ar}te\u00fe\n{and} ordeyne\u00fe alle \u00feinges singlerly {and} diuide\u00fe. in moeuynges. in\nplaces. in formes. in tymes. dep{ar}ti\u00fe [as] \u00feus. so \u00feat \u00fee vnfoldyng of\ntemp{or}el ordenaunce assembled {and} ooned in \u00fee lokyng of \u00fee deuyne\n\u00feou\u021dt \u00b6\u00a0Is p{ur}ueaunce {and} \u00feilke same assemblynge. {and} oonyng\ndiuided {and} vnfolden by tymes. lat \u00feat ben called destine. {and} al be\nit so \u00feat \u00feise \u00feinges ben dyuerse. \u021ditte na\u00feeles hange\u00fe \u00feat oon on \u00feat\no\u00feer. forwhi \u00fee ordre destinal p{ro}cedi\u00fe of \u00fee simplicite of\npurueaunce. for ry\u021dt as a werkma{n} \u00feat ap{er}ceiue\u00fe in hys \u00feou\u021dt \u00fee\nforme of \u00fee \u00feing \u00feat he wil make moeue\u00fe \u00fee effect of \u00fee werke. {and}\nledi\u00fe \u00feat he had[de] loked byforne in hys \u00feou\u021dt symply {and} p{re}sently\nby temp{or}el \u00feou\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0Certys ry\u021dt so god disponi\u00fe in hys p{ur}ueaunce\nsinglerly {and} stably \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben to done. but he amynistre\u00fe in\nmany maneres {and} in dyuerse tymes by destyne. \u00feilke same \u00feinges \u00feat he\nha\u00fe disponed \u00fean whe\u00feir \u00feat destine be excercised. ey\u00feer by so{m}me\ndyuyne spirites seruaunte\u021d to \u00fee deuyne p{ur}ueaunce. or ellys by\nso{m}me soule (a{n}i{m}a mundi). or ellys by al nature seruynge to god.\nor ellys by \u00fee celestial moeuyng of sterres. or ellys by \u00fee vertue of\naungels. or ellys by \u00fee dyuerse subtilite of deueles. or ellys by any of\nhe{m}. or ellys by hem alle \u00fee destynal ordynau{n}ce is ywouen or\naccomplissed. certys it is open \u00feing \u00feat \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce is an\nvnmoeueable {and} symple forme of \u00feinges to done. {and} \u00fee moeueable\nbonde {and} \u00fee temp{or}el ordynaunce of \u00feinges whiche \u00feat \u00fee deuyne\nsimplicite of p{ur}ueaunce ha\u00fe ordeyned to done. \u00feat is destine. For\nwhiche it is \u00feat alle \u00feinges \u00feat ben put vndir destine ben certys\nsubgit\u021d to p{ur}ueaunce. to whiche p{ur}ueaunce destine it self is\nsubgit {and} vndir. \u00b6\u00a0But so{m}me \u00feinges ben put vndir purueaunce \u00feat\nso{ur}mounten \u00fee ordinaunce of destine. {and} \u00feo ben \u00feilke \u00feat stably\nben yficched ney to \u00fee first godhed \u00feei so{ur}mou{n}ten \u00fee ordre of\ndestinal moeuablite. \u00b6\u00a0For ry\u021dt as cercles \u00feat to{ur}nen aboute a same\nCentre or about a poynt. \u00feilke cercle \u00feat is inrest or moost wi\u00fe-ynne\nioine\u00fe to \u00fee symplesse of \u00fee myddel {and} is as it were a Centre or a\npoynt to \u00feat o\u00feer cercles \u00feat tourne{n} aboute{n} hym. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feilke \u00feat\nis outerest compased by larger envyronnynge is vnfolden by larger spaces\nin so mochel as it is for\u00feest fro \u00fee mydel symplicite of \u00fee poynt. and\nyif \u00feer be any \u00fei{n}g \u00feat knytte\u00fe {and} felawshippe\u00fe hym selfe to \u00feilke\nmydel poynt it is constreyned in to symplicite. \u00feat is to seyn in to\n[vn]moeueablete. {and} it ceseth to ben shad {and} to fleti{n} dyuersly.\n\u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt so by semblable resou{n}. \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00feat dep{ar}ti\u00fe fir\u00feest fro\n\u00fee first \u00feou\u021dt of god. it is vnfolde{n} {and} su{m}mittid to grettere\nbondes of destine. and in so moche is \u00fee \u00feing more free {and} lovs fro\ndestyne as it axe\u00fe {and} holde\u00fe hym ner to \u00feilke Centre of \u00feinges. \u00feat\nis to seyne god. \u00b6\u00a0and if \u00fee \u00feinge cleue\u00fe to \u00fee stedfastnesse of \u00fee\n\u00feou\u021dt of god. {and} be wi\u00fe oute moeuyng certys it so{ur}mounte\u00fe \u00fee\nnecessite of destyne. \u00fean ry\u021dt swiche comparisou{n} as [it] is of\nskilynge to vndirstondyng {and} of \u00feing \u00feat is engendred to \u00feing \u00feat is.\n{and} of tyme to eternite. {and} of \u00fee cercle to \u00fee Centre. ry\u021dt so is\n\u00fee ordre of moeueable destine to \u00fee stable symplicite of p{ur}ueaunce.\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00feilke ordinaunce moeue\u00fe \u00fee heuene {and} \u00fee sterres {and} attempre\u00fe \u00fee\nelyment\u021d to gider amonges hem self. {and} t{ra}nsforme\u00fe hem by\nenterchau{n}gable mutac{i}ou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feilke same ordre newe\u00fe a\u021dein alle\n\u00feinges growyng {and} fallyng a-doune by sembleables p{ro}gressiou{n}s of\nseedes {and} of sexes. \u00feat is to sein. male {and} female. and \u00feis ilke\nordre co{n}streyne\u00fe \u00fee fortunes {and} \u00fee dedes of men by a bonde of\ncauses nat able to ben vnbou{n}den (indissolubili). \u00fee whiche destinal\ncauses whanne \u00feei passen oute fro \u00fee bygynnynges of \u00fee vnmoeueable\npurueaunce it mot nedes be \u00feat \u00feei ne be nat mutable. {and} \u00feus ben \u00fee\n\u00feinges ful wel ygouerned. yif \u00feat \u00fee symplicite dwelly{n}ge in \u00fee deuyne\n\u00feou\u021dt shewe\u00fe fur\u00fee \u00fee ordre of causes. vnable to be I-bowed. {and} \u00feis\nordre constreyne\u00fe by hys p{ro}pre stablete \u00fee moeueable \u00feinges. or ellys\n\u00feei sholde fleten folily for whiche it is \u00feat alle \u00feinges semen to be\nconfus {and} trouble to vs men. for we ne mowe nat co{n}sider{e} \u00feilke\nordinaunce. \u00b6\u00a0Na\u00feeles \u00fee p{ro}pre manere of euery \u00feing dressynge hem to\ngoode disponit hem alle. for \u00feere nis no \u00feinge don for cause of yuel. ne\n\u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat is don by wicked[e] folk nis nat don for yuel \u00fee whiche\nshrewes as I haue shewed [ful] plentiuously seken goode. but wicked\nerrour mysto{ur}ni\u00fe he{m}. \u00b6\u00a0Ne \u00fee ordre comynge fro \u00fee poynt of\nsouereyne goode ne decline\u00fe nat fro hys bygynnynge. but \u00feou mayst sein\nwhat vnreste may ben a wors co{n}fusiou{n} \u00fean \u00fe{a}t goode men han\nso{m}me tyme aduersite. {and} so{m}tyme p{ro}sperite. \u00b6\u00a0and shrewes also\nhan now \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feei desiren. {and} now \u00fei{n}ges \u00feat \u00feei haten\n\u00b6\u00a0whe\u00feer men lyuen now in swiche hoolnesse of \u00feou\u021dt. as who sei\u00fe. ben\nmen now so wise. \u00feat swiche folk as \u00feei demen to ben goode folk or\nshrewes \u00fe{a}t it mot nedes ben \u00feat folk ben swiche as \u00feei wenen. but in\n\u00feis manere \u00fee domes of men discorden. \u00feat \u00feilke men \u00fe{a}t so{m}me folk\ndemen wor\u00fei of mede. o\u00feer folk demen hem wor\u00fei of to{ur}ment. but lat vs\ngraunt[e] I pose \u00feat som man may wel demen or knowen \u00fee goode folk {and}\n\u00fee badde. May he \u00fean knowen {and} seen \u00feilke inrest attemp{er}aunce of\ncorages. as it ha\u00fe ben wont to be said of bodyes. as who sai\u00fe may a man\nspeken {and} determine of attemp{er}aunce in corages. as men were wont\nto demen or speken of complexiou{n}s {and} attemp{er}aunces of bodies\n(q\u2019 non). ne it [ne] is nat an vnlyke miracle to hem \u00feat ne knowe{n} it\nnat. \u00b6\u00a0As who sei\u00fe. but is lyke a merueil or a miracle to hem \u00feat ne\nknowe{n} it nat. whi \u00feat swete \u00feinges [ben] couenable to some bodies \u00feat\nben hool {and} to some bodies bittre \u00feinges ben couenable. {and} also\nwhi \u00feat some seke folk ben holpen w{i}t{h} ly\u021dt medicines [{and} some\nfolk ben holpen w{i}t{h} sharppe medicynes] but na\u00feeles \u00fee leche \u00fe{a}t\nknowe\u00fe \u00fee manere {and} \u00fee attemp{er}aunce of heele {and} of maladie ne\nmerueile\u00fe of it no \u00feing. but what o\u00feer \u00feing seme\u00fe hele of corages but\nbounte {and} prowesse. {and} what o\u00feer \u00feing seme\u00fe maladie of corages but\nvices. who is ellys kep{er}e of good or dryuere awey of yuel but god\ngouerno{ur} {and} leecher of \u00feou\u021dtes. \u00fee whiche god wha{n} he ha\u00fe\nby-holden from \u00fee heye toure of hys p{ur}ueaunce he knowe\u00fe what is\ncouenable to euery wy\u021dt. {and} lene\u00fe hem \u00feat he wot [\u00feat] is couenable\nto hem. Loo here of come\u00fe {and} here of is don \u00feis noble miracle of \u00fee\nordre destinal. whan god \u00feat alle knowe\u00fe do\u00fe swiche \u00feing. of whiche \u00feing\n[\u00feat] vnknowyng folk ben astoned but forto constreine as who sei\u00fe \u00b6\u00a0But\nforto co{m}prehende {and} telle a fewe \u00feinges of \u00fee deuyne depnesse \u00fee\nwhiche \u00feat mans resou{n} may vnderstonde. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feilk man \u00feat \u00feou wenest to\nben ry\u021dt Iuste {and} ry\u021dt kepyng of eq{u}ite. \u00fee contrarie of \u00feat seme\u00fe\nto \u00fee deuyne p{ur}ueaunce \u00feat al woot. \u00b6\u00a0And lucan my familier telle\u00fe\n\u00feat \u00fee victories cause liked[e] to \u00fee goddes {and} causes ouercomen\nliked[e] to cato{u}n. \u00fean what so euer \u00feou mayst seen \u00feat is don in \u00feis\n[world] vnhoped or vnwened. certys it is \u00fee ry\u021dt[e] ordre of \u00feinges. but\nas to \u00fei wicked[e] oppiniou{n} it is a co{n}fusiou{n}. but I suppose \u00feat\nsom man be so wel y\u00feewed. \u00feat \u00fee deuyne Iugement {and} \u00fee Iugeme{n}t of\nmankynde accorden hem to gidre of hym. but he is so vnstedfast of corage\n[\u00feat] yif any aduersite come to hym he wolde for-leten p{er}auenture to\ncontinue i{n}nocence by \u00fee whiche he ne may nat wi\u00feholden fortune. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean\n\u00fee wise dispensac{i}ou{n} of god spare\u00fe hym \u00fee whiche man{er}e\nadu{er}site my\u021dt[e] enpeyren. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feat god wil nat suffren hym to\ntrauaile. to whom \u00feat trauayl nis nat couenable. \u00b6\u00a0An o\u00fe{er} man is\np{er}fit in alle uertues. {and} is an holy man {and} neye to god so \u00feat\n\u00fee p{ur}ueaunce of god wolde demen \u00feat it were a felony \u00feat he were\ntouched wi\u00fe any aduersites. so \u00feat he ne wil nat suffre \u00feat swiche a man\nbe moeued wi\u00fe any manere maladie. \u00b6\u00a0But so as seide a philosophre [the\nmoore excellent by me]. \u00fee adu{er}sites comen nat (he seide in grec[;])\n\u00feere \u00fe{a}t uertues han edified \u00fee bodie of \u00fee holy man. and ofte tyme it\nbitide\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee so{m}me of \u00feinges \u00feat ben to don is taken to good folk to\ngouerne. for \u00feat \u00fee malice habundaunt of shrewes sholde ben abatid.\n{and} god \u021deue\u00fe {and} dep{ar}ti\u00fe to o\u00feer folk p{ro}sp[er]ites {and}\naduersites ymedeled to hepe aftir \u00fee qualite of hire corages {and}\nremordi\u00fe som folk by adu{er}sites. for \u00feei ne sholden nat wexen proude\nby longe welefulnesse. {and} o\u00feer folk he suffre\u00fe to ben trauayled wi\u00fe\nharde \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feat \u00feei sholden conferme \u00fee vertues of corage by \u00fee\nvsage {and} ex{er}citac{i}ou{n} of pacie{n}ce. and o\u00feer folke dreden\nmore \u00feen \u00feei au\u021dten \u00fee wiche \u00feei my\u021dt[en] wel beren. {and} \u00feilke folk\ngod ledi\u00fe in to exp{er}ience of hem self by aspre {and} sorweful \u00feinges.\n\u00b6\u00a0And many o\u00feer folk han bou\u021dt honorable renoune of \u00feis worlde by \u00fee\npris of glorious dee\u00fe. and som men \u00feat ne mowen nat ben ouer-comen by\ntourment han \u021deuen ensample to o\u00feer folk \u00feat vertue ne may nat be\nouer-comen by aduersites. \u00b6\u00a0and of alle \u00feise \u00feinges \u00feer nis no doute\n\u00fe{a}t \u00feei ne ben don ry\u021dtfully {and} ordeinly to \u00fee p{ro}fit of hem to\nwhom we seen \u00feise \u00feinges bitide. \u00b6\u00a0For certys \u00feat aduersite come\u00fe some\ntyme to shrewes. {and} some tyme \u00feat \u00feei desiren it come\u00fe of \u00feise\nforseide causes {and} of sorweful \u00feinges \u00feat bytyden to shrewes. Certys\nno man ne wondre\u00fe. For alle me{n} wenen \u00feat \u00feei han wel deserued it.\n{and} \u00feei ben of wicked m{er}ite of whiche shrewes \u00fee to{ur}ment som\ntyme agaste\u00fe o\u00feer to done folies. {and} som tyme it amende\u00fe hem \u00feat\nsuffren \u00fee to{ur}mentis. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00fee p{ro}sp{er}ite \u00feat is \u021deuen to shrewes\nshewe\u00fe a grete argument to good[e] folk what \u00feing \u00feei sholde demen of\n\u00feilk wilfulnesse \u00fee whiche p{ro}sperite men seen ofte serue to shrewes.\nin \u00fee whiche \u00feing I trowe \u00feat god dispensi\u00fe. for p{er}auenture \u00fee nature\nof som man is so ouer\u00ferowyng to yuel {and} so vncouenable \u00feat \u00fee nedy\npouerte of hys house-hold my\u021dt[e] ra\u00feer egren hym to done felonies. and\nto \u00fee maladie of hym god putti\u00fe remedie to \u021diuen hym rychesse. {and} som\no\u00feer man byholdi\u00fe hys conscience defouled wi\u00fe synnes {and} maki\u00fe\nco{m}parisou{n} of his fortune {and} of hym self \u00b6\u00a0and dredi\u00fe\np{er}auenture \u00feat hys blisfulnesse of whiche \u00fee vsage is ioyful to hym\n\u00feat \u00fee lesynge of \u00feilke blisfulnesse ne be nat sorweful to hym. {and}\n\u00feerfore he wol chaunge hys maneres. and for he dredi\u00fe to lese hys\nfortune. he forleti\u00fe hys wickednesse. to o\u00feer folk is welefulnesse\ny\u021deue{n} vnwor\u00feily \u00fee whiche ouer\u00ferowe\u00fe hem in to destrucc{i}ou{n} \u00feat\n\u00feei han deserued. and to som o\u00feer folk is \u021deuen power to punisse{n}. for\n\u00feat it shal be cause of continuac{i}ou{n} {and} ex{er}cisinge to good[e]\nfolk. {and} cause of to{ur}ment to shrewes. \u00b6\u00a0For so as \u00feer nis none\nalyaunce bytwixe good[e] folke {and} shrewes. ne shrewes ne mowen nat\naccorde{n} amo{n}ges hem self {and} whi nat. for shrewes discorde{n} of\nhem self by her vices \u00fee whiche vices al to renden her consciences.\n{and} don oft[e] tyme \u00feinges \u00fee whiche \u00feinges whan \u00feei han don hem. \u00feei\ndemen \u00feat \u00feo \u00feinges ne sholde nat han ben don. for whiche \u00feinge \u00feilke\nsouereyne p{ur}ueaunce ha\u00fe maked oft[e] tyme [fair{e}] miracle so \u00fe{a}t\nshrewes han maked oftyme shrewes to ben good[e] men. for whan \u00feat som\nshrewes seen \u00feat \u00feei suffren wrongfully felonies of o\u00feer shrewes \u00feei\nwexen eschaufed in to hat[e] of hem \u00feat anoien hem. {and} retournen to\n\u00fee fruit of uertue. when \u00feei studien to ben vnlyke to he{m} \u00feat \u00feei han\nhated. \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feis only is \u00fee deuyne my\u021dt to \u00fee whiche my\u021dt yueles ben\n\u00fean good. whan it vse\u00fe \u00feo yueles couenably {and} drawe\u00fe out \u00fee effect of\nany good. as who sei\u00fe \u00feat yuel is good oonly by \u00fee my\u021dt of god. for \u00fee\nmy\u021dt of god ordeyne\u00fe \u00feilk yuel to good. For oon ordre enbrasi\u00fe alle\n\u00feinges. so \u00feat what wy\u021dt [\u00fe{a}t] dep{ar}ti\u00fe fro \u00fee resou{n} of \u00fee ordre\nwhiche \u00feat is assigned to hym. algates \u021dit he slide\u00fe in to an o\u00fe{er}\nordre. so \u00feat no\u00feing nis leueful to folye in \u00fee realme of \u00fee deuyne\np{ur}ueaunce. as who sei\u00fe no \u00feing nis wi\u00feouten ordinaunce in \u00fee realme\nof \u00fee deuyne purueaunce. \u00b6\u00a0Syn \u00feat \u00fee ry\u021dt strong[e] god gouerni\u00fe alle\n\u00feinges in \u00feis worlde for it nis nat leueful to no man to\nco{m}p{re}henden by witte ne vnfolden by worde alle \u00fee subtil\nordinaunces {and} disposic{i}ou{n}s of \u00fee deuyne entent. for oonly it\nau\u021dt[e] suffice to han loked \u00feat god hym self makere of alle natures\nordeyni\u00fe and dressi\u00fe alle \u00feinges to good. while \u00feat he hasti\u00fe to\nwi\u00fehalden \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat he ha\u00fe maked in to hys semblaunce. \u00feat is to\nseyn forto wi\u00feholden \u00feinges in to good. for he hym self is good he\nchase\u00fe oute al yuel of \u00fee boundes of hys co{m}munalite by \u00fee ordre of\nnecessite destinable. For whiche it folwe\u00fe \u00feat yif \u00feou loke \u00fee\np{ur}ueaunce ordeynynge \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat men wenen ben haboundaunt in\ner\u00fees. \u00feou ne shalt not seen in no place no \u00feing of yuel. \u00b6\u00a0but I se now\n\u00feat \u00feou art charged wi\u00fe \u00fee wey\u021dte of \u00fee questiou[n] {and} wery wi\u00fe\nleng\u00fee of my resou{n}. {and} \u00feat \u00feou abidest som swetnesse of songe. tak\n\u00fea{n} \u00feis drau\u021dt {and} whan \u00feou art wel refresshed {and} refet \u00feou shalt\nben more stedfast to stye in to heyere questiou{n}s.\n\n\nSI UIS CELSI IURA.\n\n [Sidenote: [The syxte Met{ur}.]]\n\n++Yif \u00feou wolt demen in \u00fei pur{e} \u00feou\u021dt \u00fee ry\u021dtes or \u00fee lawes of \u00fee heye\n\u00feund[ere]re. \u00feat is to seyne of god. loke \u00feou {and} bihold \u00fee hey\u021dtes of\nsouereyne heuene. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feere kepen \u00fee sterres by ry\u021dtful alliaunce of \u00feinges\nhir olde pees. \u00fee sonne ymoeued by hys rody fire. ne destourbi\u00fe nat \u00fee\ncolde cercle of \u00fee moone. \u00b6\u00a0Ne \u00fee sterre yclepid \u00fee bere. \u00fe{a}t enclini\u00fe\nhys rauyssynge courses abouten \u00fee souereyne hey\u021dt of \u00fee worlde. ne \u00fee\nsame sterre vrsa nis neuer mo wasshen in \u00fee depe westerne see. ne\ncoueiti\u00fe nat to dy\u021den hys flaumbes in \u00fee see of [the] occian. al \u00feou\u021d he\nsee o\u00feer sterres yplounged in to \u00fee see. \u00b6\u00a0And hesperus \u00fee sterre bodi\u00fe\n{and} telli\u00fe alwey \u00fee late ny\u021dtes. And lucifer \u00fee sterre brynge\u00fe a\u021deyne\n\u00fee clere day. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feus maki\u00fe loue enterchaungeable \u00fee p{er}durable\ncourses. {and} \u00feus is discordable bataile yput oute of \u00fee contre of \u00fee\nsterres. \u00feis accordaunce atte{m}pre\u00fe by euene-lyke manere[s] \u00fee\nelementes. \u00feat \u00fee moyste \u00feinges striuen nat wi\u00fe \u00fee drye \u00feinges. but\n\u021diuen place by stoundes. and \u00feat \u00fee colde \u00feinges ioynen hem by fei\u00fe to\n\u00fee hote \u00feinges. {and} \u00feat \u00fee ly\u021dt[e] fyre arist in to hey\u021dte. {and} \u00fee\nheuy er\u00fees aualen by her wey\u021dtes. \u00b6\u00a0by \u00feise same cause \u00fee floury yere\n\u021delde\u00fe swote smellys in \u00fee fyrste somer sesou{n} warmynge. {and} \u00fee hote\nsomer drye\u00fe \u00fee cornes. {and} autumpne come\u00fe a\u021deyne heuy of apples. and\n\u00fee fletyng reyne bydewe\u00fe \u00fee wynter. \u00feis attemp{er}aunce noryssi\u00fe {and}\nbryngge\u00fe fur\u00fee al \u00feinge \u00feat bredi\u00fe lyfe in \u00feis worlde. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feilk same\nattemp{er}aunce rauyssyng hide\u00fe {and} bynyme\u00fe {and} drenche\u00fe vndir \u00fee\nlast[e] de\u00fee alle \u00feinges yborn. \u00b6\u00a0Amonges \u00feise \u00feinges sitte\u00fe \u00fee heye\nmakere kyng {and} lorde. welle {and} bygynnynge. lawe {and} wise Iuge.\nto don equite {and} gouerni\u00fe {and} enclini\u00fe \u00fee bridles of \u00feinges. {and}\n\u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat he stire\u00fe to don by moeuynge he wi\u00fedrawe\u00fe {and} aresti\u00fe\n{and} affermi\u00fe \u00fee moeueable or wandryng \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0For \u021dif \u00feat he ne\nclepi\u00fe nat a\u021dein \u00fee ry\u021dt goynge of \u00feinges. {and} \u021dif \u00feat he ne\nconstreyned[e] hem nat eftesones in to roundenesse enclined \u00fee \u00feinges\n\u00fe{a}t ben now continued by stable ordinaunce. \u00feei sholde deperten from\nhir welle. \u00feat is to sein from hir bygynnynge {and} failen. \u00feat is to\nsein to{ur}nen in to nau\u021dt. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis is \u00fee co{m}mune loue of alle \u00feinges.\n{and} alle \u00fei{n}ges axen to be holden by \u00fee fyn of good. For ellys ne\nmy\u021dten \u00feei nat lasten yif \u00feei ne come nat eftesones a\u021deine by loue\nretourned to \u00fee cause \u00feat ha\u00fe \u021deuen he{m} beynge. \u00feat is to seyn to god.\n\n\nIAM NE IGITUR UIDES.\n\n [Sidenote: [The seuende p{ro}se.]]\n\n++Sest \u00feou nat \u00fean what \u00feing folwe\u00fe alle \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat I haue seid. what\n\u00feing q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d she outerly \u00feat al fortune is good. and\nhow may \u00feat be q{uo}d .I. \u00b6\u00a0Now vndirstand q{uo}d she so as [alle\nfortune wheyther so it be Ioyeful fortune / or aspr{e}] fortune is \u021diuen\nei\u00feer by cause of g{er}donynge or ellys of ex{er}cisynge of goode folk\nor ellys by cause to punissen. or ellys to chastysen shrewes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean is\nalle fortune good. \u00fee whiche fortune is certeyne \u00feat it be ei\u00feer ry\u021dtful\nor p{ro}fitable. \u00b6\u00a0For so\u00fee \u00feis is a ful verray resou{n} q{uo}d I. and\nyif I considere \u00fee p{ur}ueau{n}ce {and} \u00fee destine \u00feat \u00feou tau\u021dtest me a\nlitel here byforne \u00feis sentence is susteyned by stedfast resou{n}s. but\nyif it like vnto \u00fee lat vs nou{m}bre hem amonges \u00feilk[e] \u00feinges of\nwhiche \u00feou seidest a litel here byforne \u00feat \u00feei ne were nat able to ben\nywened to \u00fee poeple. \u00b6\u00a0whi so q{uo}d she. for \u00feat \u00fee comune worde of men\nmysusi\u00fe q{uo}d I. \u00feis manere speche of fortune. {and} sein ofte tymes\n[\u00fe{a}t] \u00fee fortune of som wy\u021dt is wicked. wilt \u00feou \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat I\np{ro}che a litel to \u00fee wordes of \u00fee poeple so it seme nat to hem \u00feat I\nbe ouer moche dep{ar}tid as fro \u00fee vsage of man kynde. as \u00feou wolt\nq{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0Demest \u00feou nat q{uo}d she \u00feat al \u00feing \u00feat p{ro}fiti\u00fe is\ngood. \u021dis q{uo}d I. certis \u00feilk \u00feing \u00feat ex{er}cisi\u00fe or corigi\u00fe\nprofiti\u00fe. I\u00a0confesse it wel q{uo}d I. \u00fean is it good q{uo}d she. whi nat\nq{uo}d I. but \u00feis is \u00fee fortune [q{uod} she] of hem \u00feat ei\u00feer ben put in\nvertue {and} batailen a\u021deins aspre \u00feinges. or ellys of hem \u00feat eschewen\n{and} declinen fro vices {and} taken \u00fee weye of vertue. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis ne may nat\nI denye q{uo}d I \u00b6\u00a0But what seist \u00feou of \u00fee myrye fortune \u00feat is \u021deuen\nto good folk in gerdou{n} deuini\u00fe ou\u021dt \u00fee poeples \u00feat it is wicked. nay\nforso\u00fee q{uo}d I. but \u00feei demen as it so\u00fee is \u00feat it is ry\u021dt good. \u00b6\u00a0And\nwhat seist \u00feou of \u00feat o\u00feer fortune q{uo}d she. \u00feat al \u00feou\u021d it be aspre\n{and} restreini\u00fe \u00fee shrewes by ry\u021dtful tourment. weni\u00fe ou\u021dt \u00fee poeple\n\u00fe{a}t it be good. nay q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00fee poeple demi\u00fe \u00feat it be most\nwrecched of alle \u00feinges \u00feat may ben \u00feou\u021dt. war now {and} loke wel q{uo}d\nshe lest \u00feat we in folwyng \u00fee opyniou{n} of poeple haue confessed {and}\nco{n}cluded \u00feing \u00feat is vnable to be wened to \u00fee poeple. what is \u00feat\nq{uo}d I \u00b6\u00a0Certys q{uo}d she it folwe\u00fe or come\u00fe of \u00feinges \u00fe{a}t ben\ngraunted \u00feat alle fortune what so euer it be. of hem \u00feat ey\u00feer ben i{n}\npossessiou{n} of vertue. [or in the encres of vertu] or ellys in \u00fee\npurchasynge of vertue. \u00feat \u00feilke fortune is good. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feat alle fortune\nis ry\u021dt wicked to hem \u00feat dwellen in shrewednesse. as who sei\u00fe. {and}\n\u00feus wene\u00fe nat \u00fee poeple. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat is so\u00fee q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0Al be it so \u00feat\nnoma{n} dar confesse{n} it ne byknowen it. \u00b6\u00a0whi so q{uo}d she. For ry\u021dt\nas no strong man ne seme\u00fe nat to abassen or disdaigne{n} as ofte tyme as\nhe here\u00fe \u00fee noise of \u00fee bataile. ne also it ne seme\u00fe nat to \u00fee wyse man\nto beren it greuously as oft[e] as he is lad in to \u00fee strif of fortune.\nfor bo\u00fee to \u00feat on man {and} eke to \u00feat o\u00fe{er} \u00feilke difficulte is \u00fee\nmatere to \u00feat oon man of encrese of his glorious renou{n}. {and} to \u00feat\no\u00feer man to conferme hys sapience. \u00feat is to seine \u00fee asprenesse of hys\nestat. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00feerfore is it called uertue. for \u00feat it susteni\u00fe {and}\nenforce\u00fe by hys streng\u00fees \u00feat it nis nat ouer-come{n} by aduersites.\n\u00b6\u00a0Ne certys \u00feou \u00feat art put in \u00fee encrese or in \u00fee hey\u021dt of uertue ne\nhast nat comen to fleten wi\u00fe delices {and} forto welken in bodyly lust.\n\u00b6\u00a0\u00feou sowest or plauntest a ful egre bataile in \u00fei corage a\u021deins euery\nfortune. for \u00feat \u00fee sorweful fortune ne co{n}fou{n}de \u00fee nat. ne \u00feat \u00fee\nmyrye fortune ne corrumpe \u00fee nat. \u00b6\u00a0Occupy \u00fee mene by stedfast\nstreng\u00fees. for al \u00feat euer is vndir \u00fee mene. or ellys al \u00feat\nou{er}-passe\u00fe \u00fee mene despise\u00fe welefulnesses. \u00b6\u00a0As who sei\u00fe. it is\nvicious {and} ne ha\u00fe no mede of hys trauaile. \u00b6\u00a0For it is set in \u021dour{e}\nhand. as who sei\u00fe it lie\u00fe in \u021dour{e} power what fortune \u021dow is leuest.\n\u00feat is to seyne good or yuel. \u00b6\u00a0For alle fortune \u00feat seme\u00fe sharpe or\naspre yif it ne ex{er}cise nat \u00fee good folk. ne chastisi\u00fe \u00fee wicked\nfolk. it punisse\u00fe.\n\n\nBELLA BIS QUENIS. {ET} C{ETERA}.\n\n [Sidenote: [The seuende Met{ur}.]]\n\n++\u00deE wrekere attrides \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat is to seyne agamenon \u00feat wrou\u021dt[e] {and}\ncontinued[e] \u00fee batailes by ten \u021dere recouered[e] {and} p{ur}ged[e] in\nwrekyng by \u00fee destrucc{i}ou{n} of troie \u00fee loste chambres of mariage of\nhys bro\u00feer \u00feis is to seyn \u00feat [he] agamenon wan a\u021dein Eleine \u00feat was\nMenelaus wif his bro\u00feer. In \u00fee mene while \u00feat \u00feilke agamenon desired[e]\nto \u021deuen sailes to \u00fee grekyssh{e} nauye {and} bou\u021dt[e] a\u021dein \u00fee wyndes\nby blode. he vnclo\u00feed[e] hym of pite as fad{er}. {and} \u00fee sory p{re}st\n\u021diue\u00fe in sacrifiynge \u00fee wreched kuyttyng of \u00ferote of \u00fee dou\u021dter. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feat\nis to sein \u00feat agamenon lete kuytte{n} \u00fee \u00ferote of hys dou\u021dter by \u00fee\nprest. to maken alliaunce wi\u00fe hys goddes. {and} for to haue wynde wi\u00fe\nwhiche he my\u021dt[e] wende to troie. \u00b6\u00a0Itakus \u00feat is to sein vlixies\nbywept[e] hys felawes ylorn \u00fee whiche felawes \u00fee fiers[e] pholifem{us}\nligginge in his grete Caue had[de] freten {and} dreint in hys empty\nwombe. but na\u00feeles polifem{us} wood for his blinde visage \u021deld to\nvlixies ioye by hys sorowful teres. \u00feis is to seyn \u00feat vlixes smot oute\n\u00fee eye of poliphem{us} \u00feat stod in hys forhede. for whiche vlixes hadde\nioie whan he saw poliphem{us} wepyng {and} blynde. \u00b6\u00a0Hercules is\ncelebrable for hys hard[e] trauaile he dawntede \u00fee proude Centauris half\nhors half man. {and} he rafte \u00fee despoylynge fro \u00fee cruel lyou{n} \u00feat is\nto seyne he slou\u021d \u00fee lyou{n} {and} rafte hy{m} hys skyn. he smot \u00fee\nbrids \u00feat hy\u021dte{n} arpijs [in \u00fee palude of lyrne] wi\u00fe certeyne arwes. he\nrauyssed[e] applis fro \u00fee wakyng dragou{n}. {and} hys hand was \u00fee more\nheuy for \u00fee golde[ne] metal. He drou\u021d Cerberus \u00fee hound of helle by hys\ntreble cheyne. he ouer-comer as it is seid ha\u00fe put an vnmeke lorde fodre\nto hys cruel hors \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis is to sein. \u00feat hercules slou\u021d diomedes {and}\nmade his hors to etyn hym. and he hercules slou\u021d Idra \u00fee serpent {and}\nbrend[e] \u00fee venym. and achelaus \u00fee flode defouled[e] in his forhede\ndreint[e] his shamefast visage in his strondes. \u00feis is to sein \u00feat\nachelaus cou\u00fee transfigure hym self in to dyuerse lykenesse. {and} as he\nfau\u021dt wi\u00fe orcules at \u00fee laste he t{ur}nid[e] hym in to a bole and\nhercules brak of oon of hys hornes. {and} achelaus for shame hidde hym\nin hys ryuer. \u00b6\u00a0And [he] hercules cast[e] adou{n} Antheus \u00fee geaunt in\n\u00fee strondes of libye. {and} kacus apaised[e] \u00fee wra\u00fe\u00fees of euander. \u00feis\nis to sein \u00feat hercules slou\u021d \u00fee Monstre kacus {and} apaised[e] wi\u00fe \u00feat\ndee\u00fe \u00fee wra\u00fe\u00fee of euander. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00fee bristled[e] boor marked[e] wi\u00fe\nscomes \u00fee sholdres of hercules. \u00fee whiche sholdres \u00fee heye cercle of\nheuene sholde \u00fereste. {and} \u00fee laste of his labo{ur}s was \u00feat he\nsustened[e] \u00fee heuene vpo{n} his nekke vnbowed. {and} he deserued[e]\neftsones \u00fee heuene to ben \u00fee pris of his laste trauayle \u00b6\u00a0Go\u00fe now \u00fean \u021de\nstronge men \u00feere as \u00fee heye weye of \u00fee grete ensample lede\u00fe \u021dou. \u00b6\u00a0O\nnice men whi nake \u021de \u021doure bakkes. as who sei\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0O \u021de slowe {and}\ndelicat men whi fley \u021de aduersites. {and} ne fy\u021dte{n} nat a\u021deins hem by\nvertue to wynnen \u00fee mede of \u00fee heuene. for \u00fee er\u00fee ouer-come{n} \u021deue\u00fe \u00fee\nsterres. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feis is to seyne \u00feat whan \u00feat er\u00feely lust is ouer-comen. a man\nis maked wor\u00fei to \u00fee heuene.\n\n EXPLICIT LIBER QUARTUS.\n\n\n\n\nINCIPIT LIBER QUINTUS.\n\n\nDIXERAT ORACIONISQ{UE} CURSUM.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste prose.]]\n\n++She hadde seid {and} to{ur}ned[e] \u00fee cours of hir resou{n} to so{m}me\no\u00fe{er} \u00feinges to ben tretid {and} to ben ysped. \u00fean seide I. Certys\nry\u021dtful is \u00fein amonestyng {and} ful digne by auctorite. but \u00feat \u00feou\nseidest som tyme \u00feat \u00fee questiou{n} of \u00fee deuyne p{ur}ueaunce is enlaced\nwi\u00fe many o\u00feer questiou{n}s. I\u00a0vndir-stonde wel {and} p{ro}ue it by \u00fee\nsame \u00feinge. but I axe yif \u00feat \u00feou wenest \u00feat hap be any \u00feing in any\nweys. {and} if \u00feou wenest \u00feat hap be any [thing] what is it. \u00fean q{uo}d\nshe. I\u00a0haste me to \u021delden {and} assoilen \u00fee to \u00fee dette of my byheste\n{and} to shewen {and} opnen \u00fee wey by whiche wey \u00feou maist come a\u021dein to\n\u00fei contre. \u00b6\u00a0but al be it so \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges whiche \u00feat \u00feou axest b{e}n\nry\u021dt p{ro}fitable to knowe. \u021ditte ben \u00feei diuers somwhat fro \u00fee pa\u00fee of\nmy purpos. And it is to douten \u00feat \u00feou ne be maked weery by mysweys so\n\u00feat \u00feou ne mayst nat suffise to mesure{n} \u00fee ry\u021dt weye. \u00b6\u00a0Ne doute \u00fee\n\u00feer-of no \u00feing q{uo}d I. for forto knowen \u00feilke \u00feinges to-gidre in \u00fee\nwhiche \u00feinges I delite me gretly. \u00feat shal ben to me in stede of reste.\nSyn it nis nat to douten of \u00fee \u00feinges folwy{n}ge whan euery side of \u00fei\ndisputisou{n} shal be stedfast to me by vndoutous fei\u00fe. \u00fean seide she.\n\u00feat manere wol I don \u00fee. {and} byga{n} to speken ry\u021dt \u00feus \u00b6\u00a0Certys\nq{uo}d she yif any wy\u021dt diffinisse hap in \u00feis manere. \u00feat is to seyn.\n\u00feat hap is bytidynge y-brou\u021dt for\u00fee by foelyshe moeuynge. {and} by no\nknyttyng of causes. \u00b6\u00a0I conferme \u00feat hap nis ry\u021dt nau\u021dt in no wise. and\nI deme al outerly \u00feat hap nis ne dwelli\u00fe but a voys. \u00b6\u00a0As who sei\u00fe. but\nan ydel worde wi\u00fe outen any significac{i}ou{n} of \u00feing summittid to \u00feat\nvois. for what place my\u021dt[e] ben left or dwellynge to folie {and} to\ndisordinau{n}ce. syn \u00feat god ledi\u00fe {and} streyni\u00fe alle \u00feinges by ordre.\n\u00b6\u00a0For \u00feis sentence is verray {and} so\u00fee \u00feat no \u00feinge ne ha\u00fe his beynge\nof nou\u021dt. to [the] whiche sentence none of \u00feise olde folk ne wi\u00feseide\nneuere al be it so \u00feat \u00feei ne vndirstoden ne moeueden it nau\u021dt by god\np{r}ince {and} gynner of wirkyng. but \u00feei casten as a manere foundement\nof subgit material. \u00feat is to seyn of [the] nature of alle resou{n}.\n{and} \u021dif \u00feat ony \u00feinge is woxen or comen of no causes. \u00fean shal it seme\n\u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinge is comen or woxen of nou\u021dt. but yif \u00feis ne may nat ben\ndon. \u00fean is it nat possible \u00feat \u00feere ha\u00fe ben any swiche \u00feing as I haue\ndiffinissid a litel here byforne. \u00b6\u00a0How shal it \u00fean ben q{uo}d I. nis\n\u00feer \u00fean no \u00feing \u00feat by ry\u021dt may be cleped ey\u00feer hap{pe} or ellis\nauenture of fortune. or is \u00feer ou\u021dt al be it so \u00feat it is hidd fro \u00fee\npoeple to whiche \u00feise wordes ben couenable. Myn aristotul q{uo}d she. in\n\u00fee book of his phisik diffinisse\u00fe \u00feis \u00feing by short resou{n} and ney\u021de\nto \u00fee so\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0In whiche manere q{uo}d I. \u00b6\u00a0As ofte q{uo}d she as men don\nany \u00feing for grace of any o\u00feer \u00feing. {and} an o\u00feer \u00feinge \u00fean \u00feilke \u00feing\n\u00feat men ententen to doon bytide\u00fe by som[e] causes it is ycleped hap{pe}.\n\u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt as a man dalf \u00fee er\u00fee by cause of tylienge of \u00fee felde. {and}\nfond \u00feere a gobet of golde by-doluen. \u00fean wenen folk \u00feat it is fallen by\nfortunous bytydyng. but for so\u00fee it nis nat for nau\u021dt for it ha\u00fe hys\np{ro}pre causes of whiche causes \u00fee cours vnforseyn and vnwar semi\u00fe to\nhan maked hap{pe}. \u00b6\u00a0For yif \u00fee tilier in \u00fee er\u00fee ne delue nat in \u00fee\nfelde. and yif \u00fee hider of \u00fee golde ne hadde hidd \u00fee golde in \u00feilke\nplace. \u00fee golde ne had[de] nat ben founde. \u00feise ben \u00fean \u00fee causes of \u00fee\nabreggynge of fortune hap. \u00fee whiche abreggynge of fortune hap come\u00fe of\ncauses encountrynge {and} flowyng to-gidre to hem selfe. {and} nat by \u00fee\nentenc{i}ou{n} of \u00fee doer. \u00b6\u00a0For nei\u00feer \u00fee hider of \u00fee gold. ne \u00fee\ndeluer of \u00fee felde ne vndirstanden nat \u00feat \u00fee golde sholde han be\nfounde. but as I seide. it bytidde {and} ran to-gidre \u00feat he dalf \u00feere\nas \u00feat o\u00feer hadde hidd \u00fee golde. Now may I \u00feus diffinissen hap{pe}.\n\u00b6\u00a0Hap{pe} is an vnwar bytydyng of causes assembled in \u00feinges \u00feat ben don\nfor som o\u00feer \u00feinge. but \u00feilke ordre p{ro}cedynge by an vneschewable\nbyndynge to-gidre. whiche \u00feat descende\u00fe fro \u00fee wel of purueaunce \u00feat\nordeine\u00fe alle \u00feinges i{n} hir{e} places {and} in hire tymes make\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee\ncauses rennen {and} assemblen to-gidre.\n\n\nRUPIS ACHEMENIE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrste Met{ur}.]]\n\n++TIgris [{and}] eufrates resoluen {and} spryngen of a welle in \u00fee\nkragges of \u00fee roche of \u00fee contre of achemenye \u00feer{e} as \u00fee fleenge\n[batayle] ficchi\u00fe hire dartes reto{ur}nid in \u00fee brestes of hem \u00feat\nfolwen hem. \u00b6\u00a0And sone aftre \u00fee same ryueres tigris {and} eufrates\nvnioygne{n} {and} dep{ar}ten hir{e} watres. and yif \u00feei comen to-gidre\n{and} ben assembled {and} clepid to-gidre in to o cours. \u00fean moten \u00feilke\n\u00feinges fletyn to-gidre whiche \u00feat \u00fee water of \u00fee entrechau{n}gyng flode\nbry{n}ge\u00fe \u00fee shippes {and} \u00fee stokkes araced wi\u00fe \u00fee flood moten\nassemble. {and} \u00fee watres ymedlyd wrappi\u00fe or implie\u00fe many fortunel\nhappes or maneres. \u00fee whiche wandryng happes na\u00feeles \u00feilke enclinyng\nlowenes of \u00fee er\u00fee. {and} \u00fee flowynge ordre of \u00fee slidyng water\ngouerni\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt so fortune \u00feat seme\u00fe as [\u00feat] it fleti\u00fe wi\u00fe slaked or\nvngouerned[e] bridles. It suffri\u00fe bridles \u00feat is to seyn to ben gouerned\n{and} passe\u00fe by \u00feilke lawe. \u00feat is to sein by \u00fee deuyne ordinaunce.\n\n\nA{N}I{M}ADUERTO INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .2^de. p{ro}se.]]\n\n++\u00deis vndirstonde I wel q{uo}d I. {and} accorde wel \u00feat it is ry\u021dt as\n\u00feou seist. but I axe yif \u00feer be any liberte or fre wil in \u00feis ordre of\ncauses \u00feat cliue{n} \u00feus to-gidre in hem self. \u00b6\u00a0or ellys I wolde witen\nyif \u00feat \u00fee destinal cheine co{n}streini\u00fe \u00fee moeueuynge of \u00fee corages of\nme{n}. yis q{uo}d she \u00feer is liberte of fre wille. ne \u00feer ne was neuer\nno nature of resou{n} \u00feat it ne hadde liberte of fre wille. \u00b6\u00a0For euery\n\u00feing \u00feat may naturely vsen resou{n}. it ha\u00fe doom by whiche it discerni\u00fe\n{and} demi\u00fe euery \u00feing. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean knowe\u00fe it by it self \u00feinges \u00feat be{n} to\nfleen. {and} \u00feinges \u00feat ben to desiren. {and} \u00feilk \u00feing \u00feat any wy\u021dt\ndeme\u00fe to ben desired \u00fe{a}t axe\u00fe or desire\u00fe he {and} flee\u00fe [thilke] \u00feing\n\u00feat he troue\u00fe ben to fleen. \u00b6\u00a0wher-fore in alle \u00feinges \u00fe{a}t resou{n}\nis. i{n} hem also is libertee of willyng {and} of nillynge. \u00b6\u00a0But I ne\nordeyne nat. as who sei\u00fe. I\u00a0ne graunte nat \u00feat \u00feis lib{er}tee be euene\nlike in alle \u00feinges. forwhi in \u00fee souereyns deuynes substau{n}ces. \u00feat\nis to seyn in spirit\u021d \u00b6\u00a0Iugement is more clere {and} wil nat be\ncorumped. {and} ha\u00fe my\u021dt redy to speden \u00feinges \u00feat ben desired. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00fee\nsoules of men moten nedes ben more free whan \u00feei loken hem in \u00fee\nspeculac{i}ou{n} or lokynge of \u00fee deuyne \u00feou\u021dt. {and} lasse free whan\n\u00feei sliden in to \u00fee bodies. {and} \u021dit lasse free whan \u00feei ben gadred\nto-gidre {and} co{m}p{re}hendid in er\u00feely membris. but \u00fee last[e]\nseruage is whan \u00feat \u00feei ben \u021deue{n} to vices. {and} han yfalle fro \u00fee\npossessiou{n} of hire p{ro}pre resou{n} \u00b6\u00a0For after \u00feat \u00feei han cast\naweye hir eyen fro \u00fee ly\u021dt of \u00fee souereyn so\u00feefastnesse to lowe \u00feinges\n{and} dirke \u00b6\u00a0Anon \u00feei dirken by \u00fee cloude of ignoraunce {and} ben\ntroubled by felonous talent\u021d. to \u00fee whiche talent\u021d whan \u00feei app{ro}chen\n{and} assenten. \u00feei hepen {and} encresen \u00fee seruage whiche \u00feei han\nioigned to hem self. and in \u00feis manere \u00feei ben caitifs fro hire p{ro}pre\nlibertee. \u00fee whiche \u00feinges na\u00feeles \u00fee lokynge of \u00fee deuyne purueaunce\nsee\u00fe \u00fe{a}t alle \u00feinges byholde\u00fe {and} see\u00fe fro et{er}ne. and ordeyne\u00fe\nhem eueryche i{n} her merites. as \u00feei ben p{ro}destinat. {and} it is\nseid in grek. \u00feat alle \u00feinges he see\u00fe {and} alle \u00feinges he here\u00fe.\n\n\nPURO CLARU{M} LUMINE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .2^de. Met{ur}.]]\n\n++HOmer wi\u00fe \u00fee hony mou\u00fee. \u00feat is to seyn. homer wi\u00fe \u00fee swete dites\nsynge\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee sonne is cleer by pure ly\u021dt. na\u00feeles \u021dit ne may it nat by\n\u00fee inferme ly\u021dt of hys bemes breke{n} or p{er}ce{n} \u00fee inwarde entrailes\nof \u00fee er\u00fee. or ellys of \u00fee see. \u00b6\u00a0so ne see\u00fe nat god makere of \u00fee grete\nworlde to hym \u00feat loke\u00fe alle \u00feinges from on heye ne wi\u00festandi\u00fe nat no\n\u00feinges by heuynesses of er\u00fee. ne \u00fee ny\u021dt ne wi\u00festonde\u00fe nat to hy{m} by\n\u00fee blake cloudes. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feilke god see\u00fe i{n} o strook of \u00feou\u021dt alle \u00feinges\n\u00feat ben or weren or schullen come. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feilke god for he loke\u00fe {and}\nsee\u00fe alle \u00feinges al oon. \u00feou maist seyn \u00feat he is \u00fee verray sonne.\n\n\nTAMEN EGO EN INQ{UA}M.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .3^de. p{ro}se.]]\n\n++\u00deAn seide I now am I co{n}fou{n}ded by a more harde doute \u00fean I was.\nwhat doute is \u00feat q{uo}d she. \u00b6\u00a0For certys I coniecte now by whiche\n\u00feinges \u00feou art troubled. It seme\u00fe q{uo}d I to repugnen {and} to\ncontrarien gretly \u00feat god knowe\u00fe byforn alle \u00feinges. {and} \u00feat \u00feer is\nany fredom of liberte. for yif so be \u00feat god loke\u00fe alle \u00feinges byforn.\nne god ne may nat ben desseiuid in no manere. \u00fean mot it nedes ben \u00feat\nalle \u00feinges bytyden \u00fee whiche \u00feat \u00fee purueaunce of god ha\u00fe sein byforn\nto comen. \u00b6\u00a0For whiche yif \u00feat god knowe\u00fe by-forn nat oonly \u00fee werkes of\nmen. but also hir conseils {and} hir willes. \u00fean ne shal \u00feer be no\nliberte of arbitre. ne certys \u00feer ne may ben noon o\u00feer dede ne no wille\nbut \u00feilke whiche \u00fee deuyne purueaunce \u00feat ne may nat ben desseiued ha\u00fe\nfeled byforn \u00b6\u00a0For yif \u00feat \u00feei my\u021dten wry\u00feen awey in o\u00feer manere \u00fean \u00feei\nben purueyed. \u00fean ne sholde \u00feer ben no stedfast p{re}science of \u00feinge to\ncomen but ra\u00feer an vncerteyn oppiniou{n}. \u00fee whiche \u00feinge to trowen on\ngod I deme it felonie {and} vnleueful. \u00b6\u00a0Ne I ne proeue nat \u00feilk same\nresou{n}. as who sei\u00fe I ne allowe nat. or I ne p{re}ise nat \u00feilke same\nresou{n} by whiche \u00feat som men wenen \u00feat \u00feei mowen assoilen {and}\nvnknytten \u00fee knot of \u00feis questiou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0For certys \u00feei seyn \u00fe{a}t \u00feing\nnis nat to come for \u00feat \u00fee purueaunce of god ha\u00fe seyn it byforn{e}. \u00feat\nis to comen but ra\u00feer \u00fee cont{ra}rie. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feat is \u00feis \u00feat for \u00feat \u00fee\n\u00feing is to comen \u00feat \u00feerfore ne may it nat ben hyd fro \u00fee purueaunce of\ngod. {and} in \u00feis manere \u00feis necessite slydi\u00fe a\u021dein in to \u00fee contrarie\np{ar}tie. ne it ne byhoue\u00fe [nat] nedes \u00feat \u00feinges bytiden \u00feat ben\nypurueid. [but it by-houeth nedes / \u00fe{a}t thinges \u00fe{a}t ben to comyn ben\nyporueyid] but as it were yt{ra}uailed. as who sei\u00fe. \u00feat \u00feilke answere\np{ro}cedi\u00fe ry\u021dt as \u00feou\u021d men trauailden or weren bysy to enqueren \u00fee\nwhiche \u00feing is cause of whiche \u00feinges. as whe\u00feer \u00fee p{re}science is\ncause of \u00fee necessite of \u00feinges to comen. or ellys \u00feat \u00fee necessite of\n\u00fei{n}ges to comen is cause of \u00fee purueau{n}ce. \u00b6\u00a0But I ne enforce me nat\nnow to shewe{n} it \u00feat \u00fee bytidyng of \u00feinges y-wist byforn is\nnecessarie. how so or in what manere \u00feat \u00fee ordre of causes ha\u00fe it self.\nal \u00feou\u021d \u00feat it ne seme nat \u00feat \u00fee p{re}science brynge in necessite of\nbytydynge of \u00feinges to comen. \u00b6\u00a0For certys yif \u00feat any wy\u021dt sitte\u00fe it\nbyhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat \u00fee oppiniou{n} be so\u00fee of hym \u00fe{a}t coniecti\u00fe\n\u00feat he sitte\u00fe. and a\u021deinward. al so is it of \u00fee contrarie. yif \u00fee\noppiniou{n} be so\u00fee of any wy\u021dt for \u00feat he sitte\u00fe it byhoue\u00fe by\nnecessite \u00feat he sitte \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean is here necessite in \u00feat oon {and} in \u00fe{a}t\no\u00feer. for in \u00feat oon is necessite of sittynge. {and} certys in \u00feat o\u00feer\nis necessite of so\u00fee but \u00feerfore ne sitte\u00fe nat a wy\u021dt for \u00feat \u00fee\noppiniou{n} of sittyng is so\u00fee. but \u00fee oppiniou{n} is ra\u00feer so\u00fee for \u00feat\na wy\u021dt sitte\u00fe by-forn. and \u00feus al \u00feou\u021d \u00fe{a}t \u00fee cause of so\u00fee come\u00fe of\n[\u00fee] syttyng. and nat of \u00fee trewe oppiniou{n}. Algates \u021ditte is \u00feer\ncomune necessite in \u00feat oon {and} in \u00feat o\u00feer. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feus shewe\u00fe it \u00fe{a}t I\nmay make semblable skils of \u00fee p{ur}ueau{n}ce of god {and} of \u00feinges to\ncome. \u00b6\u00a0For al \u00feou\u021d for \u00feat \u00feat \u00feinges ben to comen. \u00feer-fore ben \u00feei\np{ur}ueid. nat certys for \u00feei ben p{ur}ueid. \u00feer-fore ne bytide \u00feei nat.\n\u021dit na\u00feeles byhoue\u00fe it by necessite \u00feat ei\u00feer \u00fee \u00feinges to comen ben\nyp{ur}ueied of god. or ellys \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben p{ur}ueied of god\nbitiden [.s.] by necessite. \u00b6\u00a0And \u00feis \u00feing oonly suffise\u00fe I-nou\u021d to\ndistroien \u00fee fredome of oure arbitre. \u00feat is to seyn of oure fre wille\n\u00b6\u00a0But now [certes] shewe\u00fe it wel how fer fro \u00fee so\u00fee {and} how vp so\ndou{n} is \u00feis \u00feing \u00feat we seyn \u00feat \u00fee bytidinge of temp{or}el \u00feinges is\n\u00fee cause of \u00fee eterne p{re}science. \u00b6\u00a0But forto wenen \u00feat god p{ur}uei\u00fe\n[the] \u00feinges to comen. for \u00feei ben to comen. what o\u00feer \u00feing is it but\nforto wene \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat bitiden som tyme ben causes of \u00feilke\nsouereyne p{ur}ueaunce \u00feat is i{n} god. \u00b6\u00a0And her-to I adde \u021ditte \u00feis\n\u00feing \u00feat ry\u021dt as whan \u00feat I woot \u00feat o \u00feing is it byhoue\u00fe by necessite\n\u00feat \u00feilke self \u00feing be. {and} eke \u00feat whan I haue knowe \u00feat any \u00fei{n}ge\nshal bitiden so byhoue\u00fe it by necessite \u00fe{a}t \u00feilk[e] same \u00feing bytide.\nso folwe\u00fe it \u00fean \u00feat \u00fee bytydynge of \u00fee \u00feinge Iwist by-forn ne may nat\nben eschewed. \u00b6\u00a0And at \u00fee last[e] yif \u00feat any wy\u021dt wene a \u00feing to ben\no\u00feer weyes \u00fean it is. it nys nat oonly vnscience. but it is deceiuable\noppiniou{n} ful diuerse {and} fer fro \u00fee so\u00fee of science. \u00b6\u00a0wher-fore\nyif any \u00feing be so to comen so \u00feat \u00fee bytydynge of it ne be nat certeyne\nne necessarie. \u00b6\u00a0who may weten [byforn] \u00fe{a}t \u00feilke \u00feing is to come.\n\u00b6\u00a0For ry\u021dt as science ne may nat be medelyd wi\u00fe falsnesse. as who sei\u00fe\n\u00feat yif I woot a \u00feing. it ne may nat be fals \u00feat I ne woot it. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt so\n\u00feilk \u00feing \u00feat is conceyued by science ne may [nat] ben noon o\u00fe{er} weyes\n\u00fean [as] it is conceiued. For \u00feat is \u00fee cause whi \u00feat science wa{n}ti\u00fe\nlesynge. as who sei\u00fe. whi \u00feat witynge ne receyue\u00fe nat lesynge of \u00feat it\nwoot. \u00b6\u00a0For it byhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat euery \u00fei{n}ge [be] ry\u021dt as\nscience co{m}p{re}hendi\u00fe it to be. what shal I \u00fean sein. \u00b6\u00a0In whiche\nman{er}e knowe\u00fe god byforn \u00fee \u00feinges to comen. \u00b6\u00a0yif \u00feei ne be nat\ncerteyne. \u00b6\u00a0For yif \u00feat he deme \u00feat \u00feei ben to comen vneschewably. {and}\nso may be \u00feat it is possible \u00feat \u00feei ne shulle{n} nat comen. god is\ndesseiued. but nat only to trowen \u00feat god is desseiued. but for to speke\nit wi\u00fe mou\u00fee it is a felonous sy{n}ne. \u00b6\u00a0But yif \u00feat god woot \u00feat ry\u021dt\nso as \u00feinges ben to comen. so shulle \u00feei comen. so \u00feat he wit[e] egaly.\nas who sei\u00fe indifferently \u00feat \u00feinges mowen ben don or ellys nat don.\nwhat is \u00feilke p{re}science \u00feat ne comp{re}hendi\u00fe no certeyne \u00feinge ne\nstable. or ellys what difference is \u00feer bytwixe \u00fee p{re}science. {and}\n\u00feilke iape-wor\u00fei dyuynynge of Tiresie \u00fee diuino{ur} \u00feat seide. \u00b6\u00a0Al \u00feat\nI seie q{uo}d he ey\u00feer it shal be. or ellys it ne shal nat be. Or ellis\nhow moche is wor\u00fee \u00fee diuyne p{re}science more \u00fean \u00fee oppiniou{n} of\nmankynde yif so be \u00feat it deme\u00fe \u00fee \u00feinges vncerteyne as me{n} don. of \u00fee\nwhiche domes of men \u00fee bytydynge nis nat certeyne. \u00b6\u00a0But yif so be \u00fe{a}t\nnoon vncerteyne \u00feinge may ben in hym \u00feat is ry\u021dt certeyne welle of alle\n\u00feinges. \u00fea{n} is \u00fee bytydynge certeyne of \u00feilke \u00feinges whiche he ha\u00fe\nwist byforn fermely to come{n}. For whiche it folwe\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee fredom of \u00fee\nco{n}seils {and} of \u00fee werkes of mankynde nis non syn \u00feat \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt of\ngod see\u00fe alle \u00feinges w{i}t{h} outen erro{ur} of falsnesse bynde\u00fe {and}\nco{n}streini\u00fe hem to a bitidynge by necessite. and yif [this] \u00fei{n}g be\non-is grau{n}tid {and} receyued. \u00feat is to seyn. \u00feat \u00feer nis no fre\nwille. \u00fean shewe\u00fe it wel how gret distrucc{i}ou{n} {and} how grete\ndamages \u00feer folwen of \u00feinges of mankynde. \u00b6\u00a0For in ydel ben \u00feer \u00fean\np{ur}posed and byhy\u021dt medes of goode folk. {and} peynes to badde folk.\nsyn \u00feat no moeuynge of free corage uoluntarie ne ha\u00fe nat deserued hem.\n\u00feat is to seyn nei\u00feer mede nor peyne. \u00b6\u00a0And it sholde seme \u00fean \u00feat \u00feilke\n\u00feinge is al\u00feer worste whiche \u00feat is nowe demed. for al\u00fe{er} moste iuste\n{and} moste ry\u021dtful. \u00feat is to seyn \u00feat shrewes ben punyssed. or ellys\n\u00fe{a}t good[e] folk ben ygerdoned. \u00fee whiche folk syn \u00feat \u00fee p{ro}pre\nwille [ne] sent hem nat to \u00fe{a}t oon ne to \u00feat o\u00feer. \u00feat is to seyn.\nne\u00feer to good[e] ne to harme. but constreine\u00fe hem certeyne necessite of\n\u00feinges to comen. \u00b6\u00a0\u00feanne ne sholle{n} \u00feer neuer ben ne neuer weren vice\nne vertue. but it sholde ra\u00feer ben co{n}fusiou{n} of alle desertes\nmedlid wi\u00feoute discresiou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0And \u021ditte \u00feer folwe\u00fe an o\u00feer\ni{n}co{n}uenient of \u00fee whiche \u00feer ne may ben \u00feou\u021dt ne more felonous ne\nmore wikke. {and} \u00feat is \u00feis \u00feat so as \u00fee ordre of \u00feinges is yledd {and}\ncome\u00fe of \u00fee purueaunce of god. ne \u00feat no \u00feing nis leueful to \u00fee conseils\nof mankynde. as who sei\u00fe \u00feat men han no power to done no \u00feing. ne wilne\nno \u00feing. \u00fean folwe\u00fe it \u00feat oure vices ben refferred to \u00fee mak[er]e of\nalle good. as who sei\u00fe \u00fean folwe\u00fe it. \u00feat god au\u021dt[e] han \u00fee blame of\noure vices. syn he co{n}streini\u00fe by necessite to don vices. \u00fean nis \u00feer\nno resou{n} to han hopen in god. ne forto p{re}ien to god. \u00b6\u00a0For what\nsholde any wy\u021dt hopen to god. or whi sholde he p{re}ien to god. syn \u00feat\n\u00fee ordenaunce of destine whiche \u00feat ne may nat ben enclined. knytte\u00fe\n{and} streini\u00fe alle \u00feinges \u00feat men may desire{n}. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean sholde \u00feere be\ndon awey \u00feilke oonly alliaunce bytwixen god {and} men. \u00feat is to seien\nto hopen {and} to p{re}ien. but by \u00fee p{re}is of ry\u021dtfulnesse {and} of\nveray mekenesse we deserue \u00fee gerdou{n} of \u00fee deuyne grace whiche \u00feat is\ninestimable. \u00feat is to sein \u00feat it is so grete \u00feat it ne may nat ben ful\nyp{re}ised. {and} \u00feis is oonly \u00fee manere. \u00feat is to seyen hope {and}\nprayeres. for whiche it seme\u00fe \u00feat [men] mowen speken wi\u00fe god. {and} by\nresou{n} of supplicac{i}ou{n} ben conioigned to \u00feilk clernesse \u00feat nis\nnat app{ro}ched no ra\u00feer or \u00feat men byseken it {and} emp{re}nten it. And\nyif men ne wene [nat] \u00feat [hope] ne p{re}iers ne han no streng\u00fees. by \u00fee\nnecessite of \u00feinges to comen y-resceiued. what \u00fei{n}g is \u00feer \u00fean by\nwhiche we mowen be co{n}ioygned {and} clyuen to \u00feilke souereyne p{r}ince\nof \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0For whiche it byhoue\u00fe by necessite \u00feat \u00fee lynage of\nmankynde as \u00feou songe a litel here byforne ben dep{ar}ted {and} vnioyned\nfrom hys welle {and} faylen of hys bygynnynge. \u00feat is to seien god.\n\n\nQUE NAM DISCORS\n\n [Sidenote: [The .3^de. Met{ur}.]]\n\n++What discordable cause ha\u00fe to-rent {and} vnioigned \u00fee byndyng or \u00fee\nalliaunce of \u00feinges. \u00feat is to seyne \u00fee coniuncc{i}ou{n} of god {and} of\nman. \u00b6\u00a0whiche god ha\u00fe establissed so grete bataile bitwixe{n} \u00feise two\nso\u00feefast or verray \u00feinges. \u00feat is to sein bytwixen \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce of\ngod {and} fre wille. \u00feat \u00feei ben synguler {and} diuided. ne \u00feat \u00feei ne\nwolen nat ben medeled ne coupled to-gidre. but \u00feer nis no discorde to\n[tho] verray \u00feinges. but \u00feei cleuen certeyne al wey to hem self. but \u00fee\n\u00feou\u021dt of man co{n}founded {and} ouer\u00ferowen by \u00fee dirke membris of \u00fee\nbody ne may nat by fir of his dirk[ed] lokynge. \u00feat is to seyn by \u00fee\nvigo{ur} of hys insy\u021dt while \u00fee soule is in \u00fee body knowen \u00fee \u00feinne\nsubtil knyttynges of \u00feinges. \u00b6\u00a0But wherfore eschaufi\u00fe it so by so grete\nloue to fynden \u00feilke note[s] of so\u00fee y-cou{er}ed. (_glosa_) \u00feat is to\nsein wherfore eschaufi\u00fe \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt of man by so grete desir to knowen\n\u00feilke notificac{i}ou{n}s \u00feat ben yhidd vndir \u00fee couerto{ur}s of so\u00fee.\nwoot it ou\u021dt \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat it anguissous desire\u00fe to knowe. as who\nsei\u00fe nay. \u00b6\u00a0For no man ne trauaile\u00fe forto witen \u00feinges \u00feat he woot.\n{and} \u00feerfore \u00fee texte sei\u00fe \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0[_Glosa_] Si eni{m} a{n}i{m}a ignorat\nistas subtiles co{n}nexiones. r{espo}nde. vn{de} est q{uo}d desiderat\nscire cu{m} nil ignotu{m} possit desiderare. \u00b6\u00a0But who traua[i]le\u00fe to\nwyten \u00feinges y-knowe. and yif \u00feat he ne knowe\u00fe hem nat. what seki\u00fe \u00feilke\nblynde \u00feou\u021dt. what is he \u00feat desire\u00fe any \u00feinge of whiche he woot ry\u021dt\nnat. as who sei\u00fe who so desiri\u00fe any \u00feing nedis som what he knowe\u00fe of it.\nor ellys he ne cou\u00fee nat desire it. or who may folwen \u00feinges \u00feat ne ben\nnat ywist \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feou\u021d [\u00fe{a}t] he seke \u00feo \u00feinges where shal he fynde{n}\nhem. what wy\u021dt \u00feat is al vnknowynge {and} ignoraunt may knowe \u00fee forme\n\u00feat is yfounde. \u00b6\u00a0But whan \u00fee soule byholde\u00fe {and} see\u00fe \u00fee heye \u00feou\u021dt.\n\u00feat is to seyn god. \u00fean knowe\u00fe it to-gidre \u00fee so{m}me {and} \u00fee\nsingularites. \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee p{r}inciples {and} eueryche by hym self.\n\u00b6\u00a0But now while \u00fee soule is hidd in \u00fee cloude {and} in \u00fee derknesse of\n\u00fee membris of \u00fee body. it ne ha\u00fe nat al for\u021deten it selfe. but it\nwi\u00feholde\u00fe \u00fee so{m}me of \u00feinges {and} lesi\u00fe \u00fee singularites. \u00fean who so\n\u00feat seke\u00fe so\u00feenesse. he nis in nei\u00fe{er} nou\u00feir habit. for he not nat\nalle ne he ne ha\u00fe nat alle for-\u021deten. \u00b6\u00a0But \u021ditte hym remembri\u00fe \u00fee\nso{m}me of \u00feinges \u00feat he wi\u00feholde\u00fe {and} axe\u00fe cou{n}seil {and} treti\u00fe\ndepelyche \u00fei{n}ges ysein byforne. [_Glosa_] \u00feat is to sein \u00fee grete\nso{m}me in hys mynde. [_textus_] so \u00feat he mowe adden \u00fee p{ar}ties \u00feat\nhe ha\u00fe for\u021deten. to \u00feilke \u00feat he ha\u00fe wi\u00feholden.\n\n\nTAMEN ILLA UETUS INQ{U}IT HEC EST.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 4^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n++\u00deanne seide she. \u00feis is q{uo}d she \u00fee olde questiou{n} of \u00fee\np{ur}ueaunce of god. {and} marcus tulius whan he deuided[e] \u00fee\ndeuinac{i}ou{n}s. \u00feat is to sein in hys booke \u00feat he wroot of\ndeuinac{i}ou{n}s. he moeued[e] gretly \u00feis questiou{n}. {and} \u00feou \u00fei self\nhast sou\u021dt it mochel {and} outerly {and} lo{n}g[e]. but \u021dit ne ha\u00fe it\nnat ben determined ne yspedd fermely {and} diligently of any of yow.\n\u00b6\u00a0And \u00fee cause of \u00feis derkenesse {and} [of this] difficulte is for \u00feat\n\u00fee moeuynge of \u00fee resou{n} of mankynde ne may nat moeue{n} to. \u00feat is to\nsein applien or ioygnen to \u00fee simplicite of \u00fee deuyne p{re}science. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fee\nwhiche symplicite of \u00fee deuyne p{re}science \u021dif \u00feat men [myhten thinken\nit in any maner{e} / \u00fe{a}t is to seyn / \u00fe{a}t yif men] my\u021dte \u00feinken\n{and} co{m}p{re}henden \u00fee \u00feinges as god see\u00fe hem. \u00fean ne sholde \u00feer\ndwellen outerly no doute. \u00fee whiche resou{n} {and} cause of difficulte I\nshal assaie at \u00fee laste to shewen {and} to speden. \u00b6\u00a0whan I haue firste\n[yspendyd / {and}] ansewered to \u00feo resou{n}s by whiche \u00fe{o}u art\nymoeued. \u00b6\u00a0For I axe whi \u00fe{o}u wenest \u00feat \u00feilk[e] resou{n}s of hem \u00feat\nassoilen \u00feis questiou{n} ne ben nat spedeful ynou\u021d ne sufficient \u00fee\nwhiche soluc{i}ou{n} or \u00fee whiche resou{n} for \u00feat it demi\u00fe \u00feat \u00fee\np{re}science nis nat cause of necessite to \u00feinges to comen. \u00fean ne wene\u00fe\nit nat \u00feat fredom of wille be distourbed or ylett by p{re}science. for\nne drawest \u00feou nat argumentes from ellys where of \u00fee necessite of \u00feinges\nto comen. As who sei\u00fe any o\u00feer wey \u00fean \u00feus. but \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinge[s] \u00feat\n\u00fee p{re}scie{n}ce woot byforn [ne] mowen nat vnbitide. \u00feat is to seyn\n\u00feat \u00feei moten bitide. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00fean yif \u00feat p{re}science ne putte\u00fe no\nnecessite to \u00feinges to comen. as \u00feou \u00fei self hast confessed it {and}\nbyknowen a litel herbyforn{e}. \u00b6\u00a0what cause [or what] is it. as who sei\u00fe\n\u00feere may no cause be. by whiche \u00feat \u00fee endes (exitus) uoluntarie of\n\u00feinges my\u021dten be constreyned to certeyne bitydyng. \u00b6\u00a0For by grace of\npossessiou{n}. so \u00feat \u00feou mowe \u00fee better vndirstonde \u00feis \u00feat folwe\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0I\npose (inpossibile) \u00feat \u00feer ne be no p{re}science. \u00fean axe I q{uo}d she\nin as moche as app{er}teni\u00fe to \u00feat. sholde \u00fean \u00feinges \u00feat comen of\nfrewille ben constreined to bytiden by necessite. {Boici}us. nay q{uo}d\nI. \u00fean a\u021deinward q{uo}d she. I\u00a0suppose \u00feat \u00feere be p{re}science but \u00feat\nne putte\u00fe no necessite to \u00feinges. \u00fean trowe I \u00feat \u00feilk self fredom of\nwille shal dwelle{n} al hool {and} absolut {and} vnbounden. but \u00feou wolt\nsein \u00feat al be it so \u00feat p{re}science nis nat cause of \u00fee necessite of\nbitidynge to \u00feinges to comen. \u00b6\u00a0Algates \u021ditte it is a signe \u00fe{a}t \u00fee\n\u00feinges ben to bytiden by necessite. by \u00feis manere \u00fean al \u00feou\u021d \u00fee\np{re}science ne hadde neuer yben. \u021dit algate or at \u00fee lest[e] wey. it is\ncerteyne \u00feing \u00feat \u00fee e{n}dys {and} \u00fee bitydynges of \u00feinges to come{n}\nsholde ben necessarie. \u00b6\u00a0For euery sygne shewe\u00fe {and} signifie\u00fe oonly\nwhat \u00fee \u00feing is \u00b6\u00a0but it ne maki\u00fe nat \u00fee \u00feing \u00feat it signifie\u00fe. \u00b6\u00a0For\nwhiche it byhoue\u00fe firste to shewen \u00feat no \u00feing ne bitidi\u00fe [\u00fe{a}t it ne\nbytydith] by necessite. so \u00feat it may apere \u00fe{a}t \u00fee p{re}scie{n}ce is\nsigne of \u00feis necessite \u00b6\u00a0or ellys yif \u00feere nere no necessite. certys\n\u00feilke p{re}science ne my\u021dt[e] nat ben signe of \u00feinge \u00feat nis nat. \u00b6\u00a0But\ncertys it is nowe certeyne \u00feat \u00fee preue of \u00feis susteni\u00fe by stedfast\nresou{n} ne shal nat ben ladd ne p{ro}ued by signes ne by argumentys\nytaken fro wi\u00fe oute. but by causes couenable {and} necessarie \u00b6\u00a0But \u00feou\nmayst sein how may it be \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges ne bitiden nat \u00feat ben ypurueyed\nto comen. but certys ry\u021dt as we trowen \u00feat \u00feo \u00feinges whiche \u00feat \u00fee\np{ur}ueau{n}ce woot byforn to comen. ne ben nat to bitiden. but [\u00fe{a}t]\nne sholde we nat demen. but ra\u00feer al \u00feou\u021d [\u00feat] \u00feei schal bitiden. \u021dit\nne haue \u00feei no necessite of hire kynde to bitiden. {and} \u00feis maist \u00feou\nly\u021dtly ap{er}ceyue{n} by \u00feis \u00feat I shal seyn. but we seen many \u00feinges\nwhan \u00feei ben don byforn oure eyen ry\u021dt as men seen \u00fee karter worken in\n\u00fee to{ur}nynge {and} in attempryng or in adressy{n}g of hys kartes or\nchariottes. \u00b6\u00a0and by \u00feis manere as who sei\u00fe mayst \u00feou vnd{er}sto{n}de of\nalle manere o\u00feir werkeme{n}. \u00b6\u00a0Is \u00feere \u00feanne any necessite as who sei\u00fe\nin oure lokynge [\u00fe{a}t] constreine\u00fe or compelli\u00fe any of \u00feilke \u00feinges to\nben don so. b. nay q{uo}d I \u00b6\u00a0For in ydel {and} in veyne were alle \u00fee\neffect of crafte yif \u00feat alle \u00feinges weren moeued by constreynynge. \u00feat\nis to seyn by constreynynge of oure eyen or of oure sy\u021dt. _P._ \u00feise\n\u00fei{n}g{us} \u00fean q{uo}d she \u00feat whan men don hem ne han non necessite \u00feat\nmen don hem. eke \u00feo same \u00feinges first or \u00feei be don. \u00feei ben to comen\nwi\u00fe out necessite. for whi \u00feer ben so{m}me \u00feinges to bytide of whiche \u00fee\nendys {and} \u00fee bitidynges of hem ben absolut {and} quit of alle\nnecessite. for certys I ne trowe nat \u00feat any man wolde seyn \u00feis. \u00feat \u00feo\n\u00feinges \u00feat men don now \u00fe{a}t \u00feei ne weren to bitiden. first or \u00feei were\nydon \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feilk same \u00feinges al \u00feou\u021d \u00fe{a}t men hadde{n} ywyst hem\nby-forn. \u021ditte \u00feei han fre bitidynges. for ry\u021dt as science of \u00feinges\np{re}sent ne brynge\u00fe in no necessite to \u00feinges [\u00fe{a}t men doon // Ryht\nso the p{re}science of thinges to comen ne bryngeth in no necessite to\nthinges] to bytiden but \u00feou mayst seyn \u00feat of \u00feilke same it is ydouted.\nas whe\u00feer \u00feat of \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat ne han non endes {and} bytidynges\nnecessaryes yif \u00feer-of may ben any p{re}science \u00b6\u00a0For certys \u00feei seme to\ndiscorde. for \u00feou wenest \u00feat yif \u00feat \u00feinges ben yseyn byforn \u00feat\nnecessite folwe\u00fe hem. and yif ({et} putas) necessite faile\u00fe hem \u00feei ne\nmy\u021dten nat ben wist byforn. {and} \u00feat no \u00feinge ne may ben comp{re}hendid\nby science but certeyne. {and} yif \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat ne han no certeyne\nbytidynges ben ypurueied as certeyn. it sholde ben dirkenesse of\noppiniou{n} nat so\u00feefastnesse of science [{and} \u00fe{o}u weenyst \u00fe{a}t it\nbe diu{er}se fro the hoolnesse of science / \u00fe{a}t any man sholde deme a\nthing to ben oother weys thanne it is it self]. and \u00fee cause of \u00feis\nerrour is. \u00feat of alle \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat euery wy\u021dt ha\u00fe yknowe. \u00feei wenen\n\u00feat \u00feo \u00feinges ben y-knowe al oonly by \u00fee streng\u00fee {and} by \u00fee nature of\n\u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat ben ywyst or yknowe. {and} it is al \u00fee contrarie. for alle\n\u00feat eu{er}e is yknowe. it is ra\u00feer comp{re}hendid {and} yknowe{n} nat\nafter his strenge\u00fe {and} hys nature. but after \u00fee faculte \u00feat is to seyn\n\u00fee power {and} [the] nature of hem \u00feat knowen. {and} for \u00feat \u00feis shal\nmowe shewen by a short ensample \u00fee same roundenes of a body .O. o\u00feer\nweyes \u00fee sy\u021dt of \u00fee eye knowe\u00fe it. {and} o\u00feer weyes \u00fee touchi{n}g. \u00fee\nlokynge by castynge of his bemes waite\u00fe {and} see\u00fe fro afer alle \u00fee body\nto-gider wi\u00fe oute mouynge of it self. but \u00fee touchinge cliui\u00fe {and}\nconioigne\u00fe to \u00fee rounde body (orbi) {and} moue\u00fe abouten \u00fee environynge.\n{and} comp{re}hendi\u00fe by p{ar}ties \u00fee roundenesse. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00fee man hym self\no\u00feer weies wyt byholdi\u00fe hym. {and} o\u00fe{er}weyes ymaginac{i}ou{n} {and}\no\u00feer weyes resou{n}. {and} o\u00feer weyes intelligence. \u00b6\u00a0For \u00fee wit\nco{m}p{re}he{n}di\u00fe fro wi\u00fe outen fur\u00fee \u00fee figure of \u00fee body of \u00fee man.\n\u00feat is establissed in \u00fee matere subiect. But \u00fee ymaginac{i}ou{n}\n[comp{re}hendith only the figur{e} w{i}t{h} owte the mater{e} / Resou{n}\nsurmou{n}teth ymaginaciou{n}] {and} co{m}p{re}hende\u00fe by an vniuersel\nlokynge \u00fee co{mmun}e spece (sp{eci}em) \u00feat is in \u00fee singuler peces.\n\u00b6\u00a0But \u00fee eye of intelligence is hey\u021der for it so{ur}mou{n}te\u00fe \u00fee\nenvirounynge of \u00fee vniu{er}site {and} looke\u00fe ouer \u00feat by pure subtilite\nof \u00feou\u021dt. \u00feilk same symple forme of man \u00feat is p{er}durably in \u00fee deuyne\n\u00feou\u021dt. in whiche \u00feis au\u021dt[e] gretely to ben considered \u00feat \u00fee heyest\nstreng\u00fee to co{m}prehenden \u00feinges enbrace\u00fe {and} conteyne\u00fe \u00fee lower[e]\nstreng\u00fee [but the lower{e} strengthe ne arysith nat in no maner{e} to\nheyer{e} strengthe]. for wit ne may no \u00feinge co{m}p{re}hende oute of\nmatere. ne \u00fee ymagynac{i}ou{n} ne loke\u00fe nat \u00fee vniuerseles speces. ne\nresou{n} ne take\u00fe nat \u00fee symple forme. so as i{n}telligence take\u00fe it.\nbut \u00fee intelligence \u00feat loke\u00fe al abouen whan it ha\u00fe co{m}p{re}hendid \u00fee\nforme it knowe\u00fe {and} deme\u00fe alle \u00fee \u00feinges \u00feat be{n} vndir \u00feat forme.\nbut she knowe\u00fe he{m} vndir \u00feilke manere in \u00fee whiche it comp{re}hendi\u00fe\n\u00feilke same symple forme \u00feat ne may neuer be knowen to non of \u00feat o\u00feer.\n\u00feat is to seyn to non of \u00feo \u00fere forseide streng\u00fees of \u00fee soule. for it\nknowe\u00fe \u00fee vniuersite of resou{n} {and} \u00fee figure of \u00fee ymaginac{i}ou{n}.\n{and} \u00fee sensible mat{er}ial conseiued. {and} \u00feou wenest \u00fe{a}t it be\ndiuerse fro \u00fee hoolnesse of science. \u00feat any man sholde deme a \u00feing to\nben o\u00fe{er}weyes \u00fean it is it self {and} \u00fee cause of \u00feis erro{ur} {et}c\u2019.\n{vt sup}ra. by wit. ne it ne vse\u00fe nat nor of resou{n} ne of\nymaginac{i}ou{n} ne of wit wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee but it byholde\u00fe alle \u00feinges so\nas I shal seye. by a strok of \u00feou\u021dt formely wi\u00fe oute disco{ur}s or\ncollac{i}ou{n} \u00b6\u00a0Certys resou{n} whan it loke\u00fe any \u00feing vniu{er}sel it\nne vse\u00fe nat of ymaginac{i}ou{n} nor of wit {and} algates \u021dit [it]\nco{m}prendi\u00fe \u00fee \u00feinges ymaginable {and} sensible. for resou{n} is she\n\u00feat diffinisse\u00fe \u00fee vniuersel of hir conseite ry\u021dt \u00feus. \u00b6\u00a0Man is a\nresonable t[w]o-footid beest. and how so \u00feat \u00feis knowynge [is]\nvniuersel. \u021dit nys \u00feer no wy\u021dt \u00feat ne woot wel. \u00feat a ma{n} is [a thing]\nymaginable {and} sensible \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feis same co{n}sidere\u00fe wel resou{n}. but\n\u00feat nis nat by ymaginac{i}ou{n}. nor by witte. but it loki\u00fe it by [a]\nresonable concepc{i}ou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0Also ymaginac{i}ou{n} al be it so. \u00feat it\ntake\u00fe of wit \u00fee bygyny{n}g{us} to seen {and} to formen \u00fee figures.\nalgates al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat wit ne ware not p{re}sent. \u021dit it envirouni\u00fe {and}\nco{m}p{re}hendi\u00fe alle \u00feinges sensible. nat by resou{n} sensible of\ndemynge. but by resou{n} ymaginatif. \u00b6\u00a0sest \u00feou nat \u00fean \u00feat alle \u00fee\n\u00feinges in knowynge vsen more of hir faculte or of hir power. \u00fean \u00feei don\nof [the] faculte or of power of \u00feinges \u00feat ben yknowen. ne \u00feat nis no\nwronge. for so as euery iugement is \u00fee dede or \u00fee doynge of hym \u00feat\ndeme\u00fe. It byhoue\u00fe \u00feat euery wy\u021dt p{er}forme \u00fee werke {and} hys\nentenc{i}ou{n} nat of forein power[;] but of hys propre power.\n\n\nQUONDAM PORTICUS ATTULIT.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 4^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n++\u00deE porche \u00feat is to sein a gate of \u00fee toune of athenis \u00feer as\nphilosophres hadde hir congregac{i}ou{n} to dispoyten. {and} \u00feilke\nporche brou\u021dt[e] so{m}tyme olde men ful derke in hire sentences. \u00fe{a}t\nis to sein philosophers \u00feat hy\u021dten stoiciens. \u00feat wenden \u00feat ymages\n[{and}] sensibilites \u00feat is to sein sensible ymaginac{i}ou{n}s. or ellys\nymaginac{i}ou{n} of sensible \u00feinges were{n} i{n}p{re}ntid in to soules\nfro bodies wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee. \u00b6\u00a0As who sei\u00fe \u00feat \u00feilke stoiciens wenden\n\u00fe{a}t \u00fee soule hadde ben naked of it self. as a mirour or a clene\np{ar}chemyn. so \u00feat alle fygures mosten [fyrst] comen fro \u00feinges fro wi\u00fe\noute in to soules. {and} ben inp{re}ntid in to soules. _Textus._ Ry\u021dt as\nwe ben wont some tyme by a swift poyntel to ficchen l{ett}res\nemp{re}ntid in \u00fee smo\u00feenesse or in \u00fee plainesse of \u00fee table of wex. or\nin p{ar}chemyn \u00feat ne ha\u00fe no figure [ne] note in it. _Glosa._ But now\nargui\u00fe boece a\u021deins \u00feat oppiniou{n} {and} sei\u00fe \u00feus. but yif \u00fee \u00feriuyng\nsoule ne vnpliti\u00fe no \u00feing. \u00feat is to sein ne do\u00fe no \u00feing by hys p{ro}pre\nmoeuynges. but suffri\u00fe {and} lie\u00fe subgit to \u00fee figures {and} to \u00fee notes\nof bodyes wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee. {and} \u021delde\u00fe ymages ydel {and} veyne in \u00fee\nmanere of a mirour. whennes \u00feriue\u00fe \u00fean or whennes come\u00fe \u00fean \u00feilke\nknowyng in oure soule. \u00feat discerni\u00fe {and} byholde\u00fe alle \u00feinges. and\nwhennes is \u00feilke streng\u00fee \u00feat byholde\u00fe \u00fee syngulere \u00feinges. or whennes\nis \u00fee streng\u00fee \u00feat dyuyde\u00fe \u00feinges yknowe. {and} \u00feilke stre{n}g\u00fee \u00feat\ngadere\u00fe to-gidre \u00fee \u00feinges deuided. {and} \u00fee streng\u00fee \u00feat chese\u00fe hys\nentrechau{n}ged wey for som tyme it heue\u00fe vp \u00fee heued. \u00feat is to sein\n\u00feat it heue\u00fe vp \u00fee ente{n}c{i}ou{n} to ry\u021dt heye \u00feinges. {and} som tyme\nit discendi\u00fe in to ry\u021dt lowe \u00feinges. {and} whan it retourni\u00fe in to hym\nself. it rep{re}ui\u00fe {and} destroie\u00fe \u00fee false \u00feinges by \u00fee trewe \u00feinges.\n\u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feis streng\u00fee is cause more efficient {and} mochel more my\u021dty to\nseen {and} to knowe \u00feinges. \u00fean \u00feilke cause \u00feat suffri\u00fe and resceyue\u00fe \u00fee\nnotes {and} \u00fee figures inp{re}ssed in manere of matere algates \u00fee\npassiou{n} \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee suffraunce or \u00fee wit i{n} \u00fee quik[e] body\ngo\u00fe byforne excitynge {and} moeuyng \u00fee streng\u00fees of \u00fee \u00feou\u021dte. ry\u021dt so\nas whan \u00feat clerenesse smyte\u00fe \u00fee eyen {and} moeui\u00fe hem to seen. or ry\u021dt\nso as voys or soune hurtli\u00fe to \u00fee eres {and} co{m}moeui\u00fe hem to herkne.\n\u00fean is \u00fee stre{n}g\u00fee of \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt ymoeuid {and} excitid {and} clepe\u00fe\nfur\u00fee \u00fee semblable moeuynges \u00fee speces \u00feat it halt wi\u00fe i{n}ne it self.\n{and} addi\u00fe \u00feo speces to \u00fee notes {and} to \u00fee \u00feinges wi\u00fe out for\u00fee.\n{and} medele\u00fe \u00fee ymages of \u00feinges wi\u00fe out for\u00fee to \u00fee forme[s] yhid wi\u00fe\ni{n}ne hym self.\n\n\nQ{UO}D SI IN CORPORIB{US} SENCIEND{IS}.\n\nQUESTIO.\n\n [Sidenote: [The .5.^the p{ro}se.]]\n\n++But what [yif] \u00feat in bodies to be{n} feelid \u00feat is to sein in \u00fee\ntakynge of knowelechinge of bodyly \u00feinges. and al be it so \u00feat \u00fee\nqualites of bodies \u00fe{a}t ben obiect fro wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee moeuen {and}\nentalenten \u00fee instrumentes of \u00fee wittes. and al be it so \u00feat \u00fee\npassiou{n} of \u00fee body \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee witte [or the] suffrau{n}ce\n[goth to-forn the strengthe of the workynge corage / the which\npassiou{n} or suffraunce] clepi\u00fe fur\u00fee \u00fee dede of \u00fee \u00feou\u021dt in hym self.\n{and} moeue\u00fe {and} exite\u00fe in \u00feis mene while \u00fee formes \u00fe{a}t resten wi\u00fe\nin for\u00fee. and yif \u00feat i{n} sensible bodies as I haue seid oure corage\nnis nat ytau\u021dt or enp{re}ntid by passiou{n} to knowe \u00feise \u00feinges. but\ndemi\u00fe {and} knowe\u00fe of hys owen streng\u00fee \u00fee passiou{n} or suffrau{n}ce\nsubiect to \u00fee body. Moche more \u00fean \u00feoo \u00feinges \u00feat ben absolut {and} quit\nfram alle talent\u021d or affecc{i}ou{n}s of bodies. as god or hys aungels ne\nfolwen nat in discernynge \u00feinges obiect from wi\u00fe oute for\u00fee. but \u00feei\naccomplissen {and} speden \u00fee dede of hir \u00feou\u021dt by \u00feis resou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean\n\u00feere comen many manere knowynges to dyu{er}se {and} differy{n}g\nsubstaunces. for \u00fee wit of \u00fee body \u00fee whiche witte is naked {and}\ndespoyled of alle o\u00feer knowynges. \u00feilke witte come\u00fe to bestes \u00feat ne\nmowen nat moeuen hem self here ne \u00feere. as oystres {and} muscles {and}\no\u00feer swiche shelle fysshe of \u00fee see. \u00fe{a}t cliue{n} {and} ben norissed\nto roches. but \u00fee ymaginac{i}ou{n} come\u00fe to remuable bestes \u00feat seme{n}\nto han talent to fleen or to desiren any \u00feinge. but resou{n} is al only\nto \u00fee lynage of mankynde ry\u021dt as i{n}telligence is oonly \u00fee deuyne\nnature. of whiche it folwe\u00fe \u00feat \u00feilke knowyng is more wor\u00fee \u00fean\n[th]is[e] o\u00feer. syn it knowe\u00fe by hys p{ro}pre nature nat only hys\nsubiect. as who sei\u00fe it ne knowe\u00fe nat al oonly \u00feat app{er}teini\u00fe\np{ro}prely to hys knowynge. but it knowe\u00fe \u00fee subgit\u021d of alle o\u00feer\nknowynges. but how shal it \u00fean be yif \u00feat wit {and} ymaginac{i}ou{n}\nstryuen a\u021deins resonynge {and} sein \u00feat of \u00feilke vniuersel \u00feinges. \u00feat\nresou{n} wene\u00fe to seen \u00feat it nis ry\u021dt nau\u021dt. for wit {and}\nymaginac{i}ou{n} seyn \u00feat \u00feat. \u00feat is sensible or ymaginable it ne may\nnat ben vniuersel. \u00fean is ei\u00feer \u00fee iugement of resou{n} [soth]. ne \u00feat\n\u00feer nis no \u00feinge sensible. or ellys for \u00feat resou{n} woot wel \u00feat many\n\u00feinges ben subiect to wit {and} to ymaginac{i}ou{n}. \u00fean is \u00fee\nco{n}sepc{i}ou{n} of resou{n} veyn {and} fals whiche \u00feat looke\u00fe {and}\nco{m}p{re}hendi\u00fe. \u00feat \u00feat is sensible {and} synguler as uniuersele. and\n\u021dif \u00feat resou{n} wolde answeren a\u021dein to \u00feise two \u00feat is to sein to wit\n{and} to ymaginac{i}ou{n}. {and} sein \u00feat so\u00feely she hir self. \u00feat is to\nseyn \u00feat resou{n} loke\u00fe {and} comp{re}hendi\u00fe by resou{n} of\nvniuersalite. bo\u00fee \u00feat \u00feat is sensible {and} \u00feat \u00feat is ymaginable.\n{and} \u00feat \u00feilke two \u00feat is to seyn wit {and} ymaginac{i}ou{n} ne mowe{n}\nnat strecchen ne enhaunsen hem self to knowynge of vniuersalite for \u00feat\n\u00fee knowy{n}g of hem ne may exceden nor so{ur}mou{n}te{n} \u00fee bodyly\nfigure[s] \u00b6\u00a0Certys of \u00fee knowyng of \u00feinges men au\u021dten ra\u00feer \u021deue\ncredence to \u00fee more stedfast {and} to \u00fee more p{er}fit iugement. In \u00feis\nmanere stryuynge \u00fean we \u00feat han streng\u00fee of resonynge {and} of\nymaginynge {and} of wit \u00feat is to seyn by resou{n} {and} by\nymaginac{i}ou{n} {and} by wit. [{and}] we sholde ra\u00feer p{re}ise \u00fee cause\nof resou{n}. as who sei\u00fe \u00fean \u00fee cause of wit or ymaginac{i}ou{n}.\nsemblable \u00feinge is it \u00feat \u00fee resou{n} of mankynde ne wene\u00fe nat \u00feat \u00fee\ndeuyne intelligence byholde\u00fe or knowe\u00fe \u00feinges to comen. but ry\u021dt as \u00fee\nresou{n} of mankynde knowe\u00fe hem. for \u00feou arguist {and} seist \u00feus. \u00feat\nyif it ne seme nat to men \u00feat so{m}me \u00feinges han certeyne {and}\nnecessarie bytidynges. \u00feei ne mowen nat ben wist byforn certeynely to\nbytiden. \u00fea{n} nis [ther] no p{re}science of \u00feilke \u00feinges. {and} yif we\ntrowen \u00feat p{re}science ben in \u00feise \u00feinges. \u00fean is \u00feer no \u00feinge \u00feat it\nne bitidi\u00fe by necessite. but certys yif we my\u021dte{n} han \u00fee iugeme{n}t of\n\u00fee deuyne \u00feou\u021dt as we ben p{ar}son{er}s of resou{n}. ry\u021dt so as we han\ndemed. it byhoue\u00fe \u00feat ymaginac{i}ou{n} {and} wit ben byne\u00fee resou{n}.\nry\u021dt so wolde we deme{n} \u00feat it were ry\u021dtful \u00feing \u00feat ma{n}s resou{n}\nau\u021dt[e] to su{m}mitten it self {and} to ben byne\u00fee \u00fee deuyne \u00feou\u021dt. for\nwhiche \u00feat yif we mowen. as who sei\u00fe. \u00feat yif \u00feat we mowe{n} I\nconseil[e] \u00feat we enhanse vs in to \u00fee hey\u021dt of \u00feilke souereyne\ni{n}telligence. for \u00feere shal resou{n} wel seen \u00feat \u00feat it ne may nat\nby-holden in it self. and certys \u00feat is \u00feis in what manere \u00fee\np{re}science of god see\u00fe alle \u00feinges c{er}teins {and} difinissed al \u00feou\u021d\n\u00feei ne han no certein issues or by-tydynges. ne \u00feis is non oppiniou{n}\nbut it is ra\u00feer \u00fee simplicite of \u00fee souereyn science \u00feat nis nat\nenclosed nor yshet wi\u00fei{n}ne no boundes.\n\n\nQUAM UARIIS FIGURIS.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 5^the Met{ur}.]]\n\n++\u00deE bestes passen by \u00fee er\u00fees by ful dyuerse figures for so{m}me of hem\nhan hir bodies strau\u021dt {and} crepe{n} in \u00fee dust {and} drawen after\nhe{m} a t{ra}is or a forghe contynued. \u00feat is to sein as addres or\nsnakes. and o\u00feer bestes by [the] wandryng ly\u021dtnesse of hir wenges beten\n\u00fee wyndes {and} ouer-swymme{n} \u00fee spaces of \u00fee longe eyer by moist\nflee[y]nge. and o\u00feer bestes gladen hem to diggen her traas or her\nstappes i{n} \u00fee er\u00fee wi\u00fe hir goynge or wi\u00fe her feet. or to gone ey\u00fee[r]\nby \u00fee grene feldes or [elles] to walken vnder \u00fee wodes. {and} al be it\nso \u00fe{a}t \u00feou seest \u00feat \u00feei alle discorden by dyuerse formes. algate\nhir{e} [faces] enclini[n]g heuie\u00fe hir{e} dulle wittes. Onlyche \u00fee lynage\nof man heue\u00fe heyest hys hey\u021de heued {and} stonde\u00fe ly\u021dt wi\u00fe hys vpry\u021dt\nbody {and} byholde\u00fe \u00fee er\u00fee vndir hym. [and] but-\u021dif \u00feou er\u00feely man\nwexest yuel oute of \u00fei witte. \u00feis figure amoneste\u00fe \u00fee \u00fe{a}t axest \u00fee\nheuene wi\u00fe \u00fei ry\u021dt[e] visage. {and} hast areised \u00fei forhede to beren vp\non heye \u00fei corage so \u00feat \u00fei \u00feou\u021dt ne be nat yheuied ne put lowe vndir\nfoot. sen \u00feat \u00fei body is so heye areised.\n\n\nPR{O}SA VLTI{M}A.\n\nQUONIA{M} IGITUR UTI PAULO ANTE.\n\n [Sidenote: [The 6^te p{ro}se {and} the laste.]]\n\n++\u00deEr-fore \u00fean as I haue shewed a litel her byforne \u00feat al \u00feinge \u00feat is\nywist nis nat knowen by hys nature p{ro}pre. but by \u00fee nature of he{m}\n\u00feat comp{re}henden it. \u00b6\u00a0Lat vs loke now in as moche as it is leueful to\nvs. as who sei\u00fe lat vs loken now as we mowen whiche \u00fe{a}t \u00fee estat is of\n\u00fee deuyne substaunce so \u00feat we mowen [ek] knowen what his science is. \u00fee\ncomune iugement of alle creatures resonables \u00fean is \u00feis \u00feat god is\neterne. lat vs considere \u00fea{n} what is et{er}nite. For certys \u00feat shal\nshewen vs to-gidre \u00fee deuyne nature {and} \u00fee deuyne science \u00b6\u00a0Eternite\n\u00fean is p{er}fit possessiou{n} {and} al togidre of lijf interminable\n{and} \u00feat shewe\u00fe more clerely by \u00fee co{m}parisou{n} or collac{i}ou{n} of\ntemp{or}el \u00feinges. for al \u00feing \u00feat lyue\u00fe in tyme it is p{re}sent {and}\np{ro}cedi\u00fe fro preterit\u021d in to fut{ur}es. \u00feat is to sein. fro tyme\npassed in to tyme comynge. ne \u00feer nis no \u00feing establissed i{n} tyme \u00feat\nmay enbracen to-gidre al \u00fee space of hys lijf. for certys \u021dit ne ha\u00fe it\nnat taken \u00fee tyme of \u00fee morwe. {and} it ha\u00fe lost \u00feat of \u021dister-day. and\ncertys in \u00fee lijf of \u00feis day \u021de ne lyuen no more but ry\u021dt as in \u00feis\nmoeueable {and} t{ra}nsitorie moment. \u00fean \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00feat suffri\u00fe\ntemp{or}el condic{i}ou{n}. a[l]\u00feough{e} \u00feat [it] bygan neuer to be. ne\n\u00feough{e} it neu{er}e cese forto be. as aristotle demde of \u00fee worlde. and\nal \u00feou\u021d \u00feat \u00fee lif of it be strecchid wi\u00fe infinite of tyme. \u021dit algates\nnis it no swiche \u00feing \u00feat men my\u021dten trowen by ry\u021dt \u00feat it is eterne.\nfor al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat it comp{re}hende {and} embrace \u00fee space of life\ninfinite. \u021dit algates ne [em]brace\u00fe it nat \u00fee space of \u00fee lif\nalto-gidre. for it ne ha\u00fe nat \u00fee fut{ur}es \u00feat ne ben nat \u021dit. ne it ne\nha\u00fe no lenger \u00fee p{re}t{er}it\u021d \u00feat ben ydon or ypassed. but \u00feilke \u00feing\n\u00fean \u00feat ha\u00fe {and} co{m}prehendi\u00fe to-gidre alle \u00fee plente of \u00fee lif\ni{n}terminable. to whom \u00feere ne faili\u00fe nat of \u00fee fut{ur}e. {and} to whom\n\u00feer nis nat of \u00fee p{re}t{er}it escapid nor ypassed. \u00feilk[e] same is\nywitnessed or yproued by ry\u021dt to ben eterne. and it byhoue\u00fe by necessite\n\u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinge be alwey p{re}sent to hym self {and} co{m}potent. as who\nsei\u00fe alwey p{re}sent to hym self {and} so my\u021dty \u00feat al by ry\u021dt at hys\nplesaunce. {and} \u00fe{a}t he haue al p{re}sent \u00fee infinit of \u00fee moeuable\ntyme. wherfore som men trowe{n} wrongefully \u00feat whan \u00feei heren \u00feat it\nsemid[e] to plato \u00feat \u00feis worlde ne had[de] neuer bygynnynge of tyme. ne\n\u00feat it neu{er}e shal haue faylynge. \u00feei wenen i{n} \u00feis man{er}e \u00feat \u00feis\nworlde ben maked coet{er}ne wi\u00fe his makere. as who sei\u00fe. \u00feei wenen \u00feat\n\u00feis worlde {and} god ben maked to-gidre eterne. and it is a wrongful\nwenynge. for o\u00feer \u00feing is it to ben yladd by lif interminable as plato\ngraunted[e] to \u00fee worlde. {and} o\u00feer \u00feing is it to embracen to-gidre\nalle \u00fee p{re}sence to \u00fee lif interminable. \u00fee whiche \u00feing it is clere\n{and} manifest \u00feat it is p{ro}pre to \u00fee deuine \u00feou\u021dt. ne it ne sholde\nnat semen to vs \u00feat god is elder \u00fean \u00feinges \u00feat ben ymaked by quantite\nof tyme. but ra\u00feer by \u00fee p{ro}prete of hys symple nature. for \u00feis ilke\ninfinit[e] moeuyng of temp{or}el \u00feinges folwi\u00fe \u00feis p{re}sentarie estat\nof \u00fee lijf i{n}moeueable. {and} so as it ne may nat contrefeten it ne\nfeyne{n} it ne ben euene lyke to it. for \u00fee inmoeueablete. \u00feat is to\nseyn \u00feat is i{n} \u00fee eternite of god. \u00b6\u00a0it faile\u00fe {and} falle\u00fe in to\nmoeuynge fro \u00fee simplicite of [the] p{re}sence of god. {and} disencresi\u00fe\nto \u00fee infinite quantite of fut{ur}e {and} of p{re}terit. {and} so as it\nne may nat han togidre al \u00fee plente of \u00fee lif. algates \u021ditte for as\nmoche as it ne cesi\u00fe neuere forto ben in som manere it seme\u00fe somde[l] to\nvs \u00feat it folwi\u00fe {and} resembli\u00fe \u00feilke \u00feing \u00fe{a}t it ne may nat attayne\nto. ne fulfille. {and} bynde\u00fe it self to som manere p{re}sence of \u00feis\nlitel {and} swifte moment. \u00fee whiche p{re}sence of \u00feis lytele {and}\nswifte moment. for \u00feat it bere\u00fe a manere ymage or lykenesse of \u00fee ay\ndwellynge p{re}sence of god. it graunte\u00fe to swiche manere \u00feinges as it\nbitidi\u00fe to \u00feat it seme\u00fe hem \u00feat \u00feise \u00feinges han ben {and} ben {and} for\n[\u00fe{a}t] \u00fee p{re}sence of swiche litel moment ne may nat dwelle \u00feer-for\n[it] rauyssid[e] {and} took \u00fee infinit[e] wey of tyme. \u00feat is to seyn by\nsuccessiou{n}. {and} by \u00feis man{er}e it is ydon. for \u00feat it sholde\ncontinue \u00fee lif in goynge of \u00fee whiche lif it ne my\u021dt[e] nat embrace \u00fee\nplente in dwellynge. {and} for \u00fei yif we willen putte wor\u00fei name[s] to\n\u00feinges {and} folwen plato. lat vs seyn \u00fea{n} so\u00feely \u00feat god is et{er}ne.\n{and} \u00feat \u00fee worlde is p{er}petuel. \u00fean syn \u00feat euery iugeme{n}t knowe\u00fe\n{and} comp{re}hendi\u00fe by hys owen nature \u00feinges \u00feat ben subiect vnto hym.\n\u00feere is so\u00feely al-wey to god an et{er}ne {and} p{re}sentarie estat.\n{and} \u00fee science of hym \u00feat ouer-passe\u00fe alle temp{or}el moe[ue]m{en}t\ndwelli\u00fe in \u00fee symplicite of hys p{re}sence {and} embrace\u00fe {and}\nconsidere\u00fe alle \u00fee infinit spaces of tymes p{re}terit\u021d {and} fut{ur}es\n{and} loke\u00fe in \u00feis symple knowynge alle \u00feinges of p{re}t{er}it ry\u021dt as\n\u00feei weren ydoon p{re}sently ry\u021dt now \u00b6\u00a0yif \u00feou wolt \u00fean \u00feenke {and}\navise{n} \u00fee p{re}science by whiche it knowe\u00fe al[le] \u00fei{n}ges \u00feou ne\nshalt nat demen it as p{re}science of \u00feinges to comen. but \u00feou shalt\ndeme{n} [it] more ry\u021dtfully \u00feat it is science of presence or of\ninstaunce \u00feat neuer ne fayle\u00fe. for whiche it nis nat ycleped\np{ro}uidence but it sholde ra\u00feer be cleped purueaunce \u00feat is establissed\nful fer fro ry\u021dt lowe \u00feinges. {and} byholde\u00fe from a-fer alle \u00feinges ry\u021dt\nas it were fro \u00fee heye hey\u021dte of \u00feinges. whi axest \u00feou \u00fean or why\ndisputest \u00feou \u00fean \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinges ben don by necessite whiche \u00feat ben\nyseyen {and} yknowen by \u00fee deuyne sy\u021dt. syn \u00feat for so\u00fee men ne maken\nnat \u00feilke \u00fei{n}ges necessarie. whiche \u00feat \u00fee[i] seen be ydoon in hir{e}\nsy\u021dt. for addi\u00fe \u00fei byholdynge any necessite to \u00feilke \u00feinges \u00feat \u00feou\nbyholdest p{re}sent. \u00b6\u00a0Nay q{uo}d I. _p._ Certys \u00fean yif men my\u021dte maken\nany digne comparisou{n} or collac{i}ou{n} of \u00fee p{re}sence diuine. {and}\nof \u00fee p{re}sence of mankynde. ry\u021dt so as \u021de seen so{m}me \u00feinges in \u00feis\ntemp{or}el presente. ry\u021dt so see\u00fe god alle \u00feinges by hys eterne\np{re}sent. \u00b6\u00a0wherfore \u00feis dyuyne p{re}science ne chaunge\u00fe nat \u00fee nature\nne \u00fee p{ro}prete of \u00feinges but byholde\u00fe swyche \u00feinges present to hym\nward. as \u00feei shollen bytiden to \u021dow ward in tyme to come. ne it ne\nco{n}founde\u00fe nat \u00fee Iugement\u021d of \u00feinges but by of sy\u021dt of hys \u00feou\u021dt he\nknowe\u00fe \u00fee \u00feinges to comen as wel necessarie as nat necessarie. ry\u021dt so\nas whan \u021de seen togidre a man walke on \u00fee er\u00fee {and} \u00fee sonne arysen in\n[the] heuene. al be it so \u00feat \u021de seen {and} byholde{n} \u00feat oon {and} \u00feat\no\u00feer to-gidre. \u021dit na\u00feeles \u021de demen {and} discerne \u00feat \u00feat oon is\nuolu{n}tarie {and} \u00feat o\u00feer is necessarie. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt so \u00fean [the] deuyne\nlokynge byholdynge alle \u00fei{n}ges vndir hym ne trouble\u00fe nat \u00fee qualite of\n\u00feinges \u00feat ben certeynely p{re}sent to hy{m} ward. but as to \u00fee\ncondic{i}ou{n} of tyme for so\u00fee \u00feei ben fut{ur}e. for whiche it folwi\u00fe\n\u00feat \u00feis nis non oppiniou{n}. but ra\u00feer a stedfast knowyng ystrenge\u00feed by\nso\u00feenes. \u00feat whan \u00feat god knowe\u00fe any \u00feinge to be he ne vnwoot nat \u00feat\n\u00feilke \u00feinge wante\u00fe necessite to be. \u00feis is to seyn \u00feat whan \u00feat god\nknowe\u00fe any \u00feinge to bitide. he woot wel \u00feat it ne ha\u00fe no necessite to\nbitide. {and} yif \u00fe{o}u seist here \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00feat god see\u00fe to\nbytide it ne may nat vnbytide. as who sei\u00fe it mot bitide. \u00b6\u00a0and \u00feilke\n\u00feinge \u00feat \u00feat ne may nat vnbytide it mot bitide by necessite. and \u00feat\n\u00feou streine me to \u00feis name of necessite. certys I wol wel confessen\n{and} byknowe a \u00feinge of ful sadde trou\u00fee. but vnne\u00fe shal \u00feere any wy\u021dt\n[mowe] seen it or comen \u00feer-to. but yif \u00feat he be byholder of \u00fee deuyne\n\u00feou\u021dte. \u00b6\u00a0for I wol answer{e} \u00fee \u00feus. \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00feat is future whan\nit is referred to \u00fee deuyne knowy{n}g \u00fean is it necessarie. but certys\nwhan it is vndirstonden in hys owen kynde me{n} sen it [is] vtterly fre\n{and} absolut from alle necessite. for certys \u00feer ben two maneres of\nnecessites. \u00feat oon necessite is symple as \u00feus. \u00feat it byhoue\u00fe by\nnecessite \u00feat alle men be mortal or dedely. an o\u00fe{er} necessite is\ncondicionel as \u00feus. yif \u00feou wost \u00feat a man walki\u00fe. it byhoue\u00fe by\nnecessite \u00feat he walke. \u00feilke \u00feinge \u00fean \u00feat any wy\u021dt ha\u00fe yknowe to be.\nit ne may ben non o\u00feer weyes \u00fean he knowe\u00fe it to be. \u00b6\u00a0but \u00feis\ncondicioun ne drawe\u00fe nat wi\u00fe hir \u00feilke necessite symple. For certys \u00feis\nnecessite condicionel. \u00fee p{ro}pre nature of it ne make\u00fe it nau\u021dt. but\n\u00fee adiecc{i}ou{n} of \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} maki\u00fe it. for no necessite ne\nconstreyne\u00fe a man to [gon / \u00fe{a}t] goo\u00fe by his p{ro}pre wille. al be it\nso \u00feat whan he goo\u00fe \u00feat it is necessarie \u00feat he goo\u00fe. \u00fean mot \u00feilke\n\u00feinge be by necessite. al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat it ne haue no necessite of hys owen\nnature. \u00b6\u00a0Ry\u021dt on \u00feis same manere \u00fean. yif \u00feat \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce of god\nsee\u00fe any \u00feing p{re}sent. but certys \u00fee fut{ur}es \u00feat bytyden by fredom\nof arbitre god see\u00fe hem alle to-gidre p{re}sent\u021d. \u00feise \u00feinges \u00fean [yif]\n\u00feei ben referred to \u00fee deuyne sy\u021dt. \u00fean ben \u00feei maked necessarie to \u00fee\ncondic{i}ou{n} of \u00fee deuyne knowynge. but certys yif \u00feilke \u00feinges ben\nconsidred by hem self \u00feei ben absolut of necessite. {and} ne forleten\nnat ne cesen nat of \u00fee liberte of hire owe{n} natur{e}. \u00fean certys wi\u00fe\nouten doute alle \u00fee \u00feing{us} shollen be doon whiche \u00feat god woot by-forn\n\u00feat \u00feei ben to comen. but so{m}me of hem comen {and} bitiden of [free]\narbitre or of fre wille. \u00feat al be it so \u00feat \u00feei bytiden. \u021dit algates ne\nlese \u00feei nat hire p{ro}pre nature ne beynge. by \u00fee whiche first or \u00feat\n\u00feei were doon \u00feei hadden power nat to han bitidd. _Boece._ what is \u00feis\nto seyn \u00fea{n} q{uo}d I. \u00feat \u00feinges ne ben nat necessarie by hire\np{ro}pre nature. so as \u00feei comen in alle maneres in \u00fee lykenesse of\nnecessite by \u00fee condic{i}ou{n} of \u00fee deuyne science. {Ph}ilosoph{ie}.\n\u00feis is \u00fee difference q{uo}d she. \u00feat \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat I p{ur}posed[e] \u00fee a\nlitel here byforn. \u00feat is to seyn \u00fee sonne arysynge {and} \u00fee man\nwalkynge \u00feat \u00feerwhiles \u00feat \u00feilke \u00feinges ben ydon. \u00feei ne my\u021dten nat ben\nvndon. na\u00feeles \u00feat oon of hem or it was ydon it byhoued[e] by necessite\n\u00feat it was ydon. but nat \u00feat o\u00fe{er}. ry\u021dt so it is here \u00feat \u00fee \u00feinges\n\u00feat god ha\u00fe p{re}sent. wi\u00fe outen doute \u00feei shulle ben. but so{m}me of\nhem descendi\u00fe of \u00fee nature of \u00feinges as \u00fee sonne arysynge. {and} so{m}me\ndescendi\u00fe of \u00fee power of \u00fee doers as \u00fee man walkynge. \u00b6\u00a0\u00fean seide I. no\nwronge \u00feat yif \u00feat \u00feise \u00feinges ben referred to \u00fee deuyne knowynge \u00fean\nben \u00feei necessarie. {and} yif \u00feei ben considered by he{m} selfe \u00fean ben\n\u00feei absolut from \u00fee bonde of necessite. ry\u021dt so [as] alle \u00feinges \u00feat\nappiere\u00fe or shewe\u00fe to \u00fee wittes yif \u00feou referre it to resou{n} it is\nvniuersel. {and} yif \u00feou referre it or look[e] it to it self. \u00fean is it\nsy{n}guler. but now yif \u00feou seist \u00feus \u00fe{a}t yif it be in my power to\nchaunge my p{ur}pose. \u00fean shal I voide \u00fee p{ur}ueaunce of god. whan \u00feat\np{er}auenture I shal han chau{n}ged \u00feo \u00feinges \u00feat he knowe\u00fe byforn. \u00fean\nshal I answere \u00fee \u00feus \u00b6\u00a0Certys \u00feou maist wel chaungen \u00fei p{ur}pos but\nfor as mochel as \u00fee p{re}sent so\u00feenesse of \u00fee deuyne p{ur}ueaunce\nbyholde\u00fe \u00feat \u00feou mayst chau{n}ge{n} \u00fei p{ur}pose. {and} whe\u00feir \u00feou wolt\nchaunge it or no. {and} whider-ward \u00feat \u00feou tourne it. \u00fe{o}u maist nat\neschewen \u00fee deuyne p{re}science ry\u021dt as \u00feou ne mayst nat fleen \u00fee sy\u021dt\nof \u00fee p{re}sent eye. al \u00feou\u021d \u00feat \u00feou tourne \u00fei self by \u00fei fre wille in\nto dyu{er}se acc{i}ou{n}. \u00b6\u00a0But \u00feou mayst seyn a\u021deyne how shal it \u00fean\nbe. shal nat \u00fee dyuyne science ben chaunged by my disposic{i}ou{n} whan\n\u00feat I wol o \u00feing now {and} now an o\u00feer. {and} \u00feilke p{re}science ne\nseme\u00fe it nat to enterchau{n}ge stoundes of knowynges. as who sei\u00fe. ne\nshal it nat seme to vs \u00feat \u00fee deuyne p{re}science enterchaunge\u00fe hys\ndyuers stoundes of knowynge. so \u00feat it knowe so{m}me tyme o \u00feing {and}\nso{m}me tyme \u00fee contrarie. \u00b6\u00a0No for so\u00fee. [q{uod} I] for \u00fee deuyne sy\u021dt\nrenne\u00fe to-forne {and} see\u00fe alle fut{ur}es {and} clepe\u00fe hem a\u021dein {and}\nreto{ur}ni\u00fe hem to \u00fee p{re}sence of hys p{ro}pre knowynge. ne he ne\nentrechaunge\u00fe nat [so] as \u00feou wenest \u00fee stoundes of forknowyng [as] now\n\u00feis now \u00feat. but he ay dwellynge comi\u00fe byforn {and} enbrace\u00fe at o strook\nalle \u00fei mutac{i}ou{n}s. and \u00feis p{re}sence to co{m}p{re}henden {and} to\nsen alle \u00feinges. god ne ha\u00fe nat take{n} it of \u00fee bitydynge of \u00feinges\nforto come. but of hys p{ro}pre symplicite. \u00b6\u00a0and her by is assoiled\n\u00feilke \u00feing \u00feat \u00feou puttest a litel her byforne. \u00feat is to seyne \u00feat it\nis vnwor\u00fei \u00feinge to seyn \u00feat oure futures \u021deuen cause of \u00fee science of\ngod \u00b6\u00a0For c{er}tys \u00feis streng\u00fee of \u00fee deuyne science whiche \u00feat enbrace\u00fe\nalle \u00feinge by his p{re}sentarie knowynge establisse\u00fe manere to alle\n\u00fei{n}g{us} {and} it ne awi\u00fe nat to lattere \u00feinges. {and} syn \u00feat \u00feise\n\u00feinges ben \u00feus. \u00feat is to seyn syn \u00feat necessite nis nat in \u00feinges by \u00fee\ndeuyne p{re}science. \u00fean is \u00feer fredom of arbitre. \u00feat dwelle\u00fe hool\n{and} vnwemmed to mortal men. ne \u00fee lawes ne p{ur}pose nat wikkedly\nmeedes {and} peynes to \u00fee willynges of men \u00feat ben vnbounde {and} quit\nof alle necessite. \u00b6\u00a0And god byholder {and} forwiter of alle \u00feinges\ndwelli\u00fe aboue {and} \u00fee p{re}sent eternite of hys sy\u021dt renne\u00fe alwey wi\u00fe\n\u00fee dyuerse qualite of oure dedes dispe{n}syng {and} ordeynynge medes to\ngood[e] men. {and} tourment\u021d to wicked men. ne in ydel ne i{n} veyn ne\nben \u00feer nat put in god hope {and} p{ra}yeres. \u00feat ne mowen nat ben\nvnspedful ne wi\u00fe oute effect whan \u00feei ben ry\u021dtful \u00b6\u00a0wi\u00festond \u00fean {and}\neschewe \u00feou vices. worshippe {and} loue \u00feou vertus. areise \u00fei corage to\nry\u021dtful hoopes. \u021delde \u00feou humble p{re}iers an hey\u021de. grete necessite of\nprowesse {and} vertue is encharged {and} comaunded to \u021dow yif \u021de nil nat\ndissimulen. \u00b6\u00a0Syn \u00feat \u021de worchen {and} doon. \u00feat is to seyn \u021doure dedes\n{and} \u021doure workes by-fore \u00fee eyen of \u00fee Iuge \u00feat see\u00fe {and} deme\u00fe alle\n\u00feinges. [To whom be goye {and} worshipe bi Infynyt tymes / AMEN.]\n\n EXPLICIT LIBER QUINTUS. {ET} VLTIM{US}.\n\n\n * * * *\n * * * * *\n\n\nGLOSSARIAL INDEX.\n\n [[Pages 180-184 are the Appendix and _Balades_, each with separate\n line numbering.]]\n\n\n ABAIST = ABYEST, sufferest, endurest, 39/1014\n ABAIST, abashed, 107/3047\n ABASSEN, to be abashed, dismayed, 146/4213\n ABESID (=\u00a0ABAYSSHED), abashed, 7/92\n ABIDE, to await, 7/93.\n \u2018ABIDE after\u2019 = look after, expect, 13/250;\n _p.p._ Abiden, waited, 86/2405\n Abie\u00fe, suffers, 109/3101\n ABLYNGE, enabling, fitting (_aptans_), 26/624, 88/2440\n Abood, abode, 63/1716\n Aboven, above, 6/52\n Abreggynge, curtailing; hence _gain_ obtained by curtailment\n (_compendium_), 151/4355\n Accoie, to soothe, quiet (_demulcere_), 38/967\n Accordaunce, agreement, 143/4134\n Accordaunt, agreeing, unanimous, 19/431\n Accorde, to agree, 42/1080\n Accoumpte, account, 47/1251\n Accountyng, calculation, 8/110\n Achat, purchase, 15/310\n Acheve, to achieve, accomplish, 18/404\n Achoken, to choke, 47/1235\n Acomplise, Acomplisse, to accomplish, 92/2575, 118/3356\n Acordable, agreeing, 62/1694\n Acusor, informer, 72/1990\n Addre (Nadre), adder, 170/4959\n Adoune, down, downward, 7/92\n Adounward, downwards, 7/87\n Adrad, in fear, afraid, 43/1132\n Adresse, to direct, control, 163/4721\n Afer, afar, 164/4767\n Agast, aghast, frightened, 76/2107\n Agaste, to terrify, frighten, 141/4051\n Agon, ago, 70/1907\n Agreablet\u00e9, goodwill, 42/1099\n Agrisen, to be afraid, dread, 10/178, 31/777\n Ajuge, to adjudge, 15/325\n Aknowe, acknowledged, 17/367\n Aldirmost, most of all, 124/3557\n Algates, Algate, yet, nevertheless, 19/439, 68/1849, 81/2242,\n 162/4696, 4698\n Allegge, to alleviate, 124/3529\n Alouterly, utterly, entirely, 109/3090\n Al\u00feerfairest, fairest of all, 87/2422\n Al\u00feerfirst, first of all, 10/180\n Al\u00feermoste, most of all, 158/4563\n Al\u00feerworste, worst of all, 157/4562\n Alyene, to alienate, 27/671\n Amenuse, to lessen, diminish, 19/426, 40/1039\n Amenusynge, diminution, 46/1192\n Ameve, Amoeve, Amove, to move, 6/64, 23/551\n Amoneste, to admonish, 171/4971\n Amonestyng, admonition, exhortation, 149/4296\n Amongus, amongst, 52/1380\n Amonicioun, admonition, 13/253\n Amynistre, to administer, 135/3891\n Ancre, anchor, 41/1050\n Angre, grief, misery, 41/1072\n Anguisse, Angysse, anguish, 79/2177;\n to torment, 80/2198\n Anguissous, anxious, sorrowful, 41/1062, 1066\n Anoie, to be grieved, be sorry, 41/1058\n Anoienge, 22/532\n Anoies, hurtful, 47/1238\n Anoious, annoying, hurtful, 7/102\n An-oone, anon, 42/1086\n Anoyously, dangerously, hurtfully, 80/2214\n Apaise, to appease, 148/4278\n Apasse, to pass away, go, 46/1195\n Aperceive, to perceive, 16/344, 134/3845\n Apertly, plainly, 17/386, 91/2543\n Appaie, to please, satisfy, 47/1235\n Appaire, to impair, 25/597\n Apparaile, to clothe, adorn, 8/116\n Apparaillement, clothing, ornament, 49/1300\n Appertiene, to appertain, 73/1996\n Applien, bend to, join, 161/4660\n Apresse, to oppress, 184/60\n Aprochen, to approach, 6/63, 66\n Arace, Arase, Arrace, to tear, tear from, separate, 11/196, 27/671,\n 98/2774, 152/4278\n Araise, Areise, Areyse, to raise, 51/1357, 118/3369, 178/5212\n Arbitre, will, free will, 156/4500\n Ardaunt, ardent, 106/3031\n Aresten, to stop, arrest, 32/815\n Aretten, to ascribe to, impute to, 40/1016\n Arist, arises, 143/4138\n Armurers, armours, arms, 51/1342\n Armures, armour, 9/131\n Arst, first, 95/2675\n Arwe, arrow, 148/4262\n Arysynge, rising, 22/512\n Aryve, to bring to shore, 122/3479\n Asayle, to assail, 181/40\n Ascape, to escape, 8/129\n Asondre, asunder, 64/1740\n Aspre, sharp, rough, 32/806, 80/2216\n Asprenesse, sharpness, 127/3627\n Assaie, to essay, 42/1083\n Assemble, to gather together, amass (money), 80/2208\n Asseure, to assure, 16/330\n Assoilen, to absolve, pay, unloose, dissolve, 149/4303, 154/4459\n Astat, estate, state, 30/738\n Astoned, astonished, 7/92, 63/1702;\n _stupidus_, 122/3471\n Astonynge, Astonyenge, astonishment, 9/134, 132/3780\n Ataste, to taste, 30/756\n Ataynt, Ateint, attained, knowing, experienced, 31/772, 69/1905\n Attayne, to reach, 12/227\n Atte, at the, 95/2675\n Attemperaunce, tempering, temperament, 138/3973, 144/4145\n Attempre, to temper, moderate, 8/115, 111/3154;\n control, 163/4721;\n (_adj._) modest, 29/728, 40/1033\n Atteyne, to attain, 118/3358\n Atwyne, in two, 98/2769\n Avalen, to fall down, 143/4139\n Avaunce, to advance, further, 41/1057\n Avaunte, to boast, 5/26, 19/426\n Auctorit\u00e9, authority, 7/91\n Aventerouse, fortuitous, 28/697, 40/1018\n Aventure, event, 21/476\n Autour, author, 58/1556\n Au\u021dte, ought, 11/213\n Avisen, to consider, 174/5063\n Awaite, snare, 80/2214\n Awaitour, one who lies in wait, 121/3463\n Awi\u00fe = awe\u00fe, oweth (_debet_), 178/5198\n Ay, ever, 184/55\n Ay-dwellynge, ever-dwelling, 173/5044\n Ayenis, against, 97/2749\n Axe, to ask, 17/357, 24/579\n A\u021deins, A\u021deynes, A\u021deynest, against, 10/183, 11/194, 12/221, 13/255\n A\u021deinewarde, on the contrary, on the other hand, 42/1098\n\n Bacine, basin, 133/3806\n Batailen, to war on, do battle against, 18/412\n Been, bees, 80/2200\n Ber, did bear, 6/61\n Bere, Bear, 143/4124\n Beren on hond, to accuse falsely, 20/449\n Bet, better, 63/1703\n Bibled, covered over with blood, 48/1860\n Bisien, to trouble, 8/112\n Bitake. _See_ Bytake.\n Bitidd, happened, 176/5143\n Bitwixen. _See_ Bytwixen.\n Blaundissinge, flattering, 30/749\n Blaundyshing, flattery, blandishment, 34/866\n Bleched, bleached, 181/45\n Blemisse, to blemish, abuse (_lacero_), 20/472\n Blyssed, blessed, 181/43\n Bly\u00feenesse, joyfulness, 37/957\n Boch, botch, blain, sore, 72/1977\n Bode, to foretell, 143/4130\n Bole, bull, 148/4274\n Boot, did bite, 53/1400\n Bordure, border, hem, 6/50\n Bosten, to boast, 79/2171\n Botme, bottom, 12/234\n Bount\u00e9, Bownt\u00e9, goodness, kindness, 19/444, 46/1202, 183/39\n Brenne (_pret._ Brende), to burn, 19/437, 106/3031\n Brid, bird, 68/1867\n Bristlede, bristly, 148/4281\n Brode, broadly, plainly, 49/1298\n Brutel, brittle, fragile, 45/1174\n Brutelnesse, brittleness, frailty, 184/63\n Bur\u00fee, birth, 78/2165\n Busshel (corn), 15/312\n Bydolven (_p.p._), buried, 151/4348\n Byen (for _abyen_), suffer, 125/3578\n Byforen, BYFORN, BYFORNE, before, 20/454\n Bygunne, didst begin, 37/941\n Bygyle, to beguile, 25/615\n Byhate, to hate, 75/2051\n Byheste, promise, 149/4303\n Byhete, to promise, 61/1651, 69/1903\n Byhynde, Byhynden, behind, 108/3062, 110/3137\n Byhy\u021dt, promised, 70/1925, 85/2374, 157/4558\n Byknowen, Byknowe, to acknowledge, 146/4211, 175/5107;\n _p.p._ Byknowen, 90/2514\n Byleve, believe, 28/695\n Byname, an additional name, 84/2333\n Byne\u00feen, beneath, 49/1295\n Bynomen (_p.p._), taken from, 124/3527\n Bynyme, to deprive of, take away, 43/1117, 70/1930\n Byreft, bereft, 33/837\n Byseche, to beseech, 86/2408\n Bysmoked, besmoked, 5/49\n Byspotte, to defile, 73/2009\n Bystowe, to bestow, 24/585\n Bysynesse, toil, 184/75\n Bytake, to entrust, 32/808\n Bytide (_pret._ BYTIDDE, _p.p._ BYTID), to befall, happen,\n 20/474, 151/4360, 155/4467\n Bytwene, between, 6/54\n Bytwixen, betwixt, 132/3785\n Bytynge, biting, sharp, 63/1721\n Bywepe, to weep for, 26/644\n Byweyle, to bewail, 26/643\n\n Caitif, Caytif, wretched, 21/489, 116/3289\n Careyne, carcase, corpse, 116/3307\n Cariages, taxes (_vectigalia_), 15/303\n Celebrable, commendable, noted, 84/2320, 147/4257\n Certein, certain, 170/4952\n Cese, to cease, 36/904, 130/3716\n Cesse, to cease, 133/3821\n Chalenge, to claim, 52/1380\n Chastie, Chastysen, to chastise, 125/3579, 145/4170\n Chayere, chair, seat, 21/503\n Cheminey, furnace (_caminus_), 12/236\n Cheryce, to cherish, 181/52\n Chesen, to choose, 76/2096\n Cheyn, chain, 8/122\n Chiere, CHERE, CHOERE, face, countenance, 8/123, 12/232, 108/3080\n Chirkynge, groaning (_stridens_), 25/618\n Clarr\u00e9, a kind of wine, 50/1329\n Cleer, serene, 45/1168\n Clepe, to call, 4/17, 11/188, 17/369\n Clifte, fissure, cleft, 130/3721\n Cliven, CLIVE, to stick, cling, adhere to, 41/1050, 101/2858, 159/4600\n Cloumben = CLOMBEN, climbed, ascended, 57/1533\n Coempcioun, coemption, 15/309\n Coeterne, coeternal, 172/5019\n Colasioun, collation, 125/3569\n Collacioun, comparison, 165/4805\n Combred, troubled, 94/2642\n Commoeve, to move, 107/3043\n Commoevyng, moving (_excitans_), 12/233\n Communalit\u00e9, commonwealth, 14/271, 142/4108\n Comparisoune, to compare, 58/1567\n Complyssen, to accomplish, 124/3534\n Compotent, having the mastery (_compos_), 172/5012\n Compoune, to compose, form, 87/2419, 93/2598\n Comprende, comprehend, 165/4807\n Comunablet\u00e9, commonwealth, 13/268\n Comune, common, 9/140, 15/310\n Confederacie, conspiracy, 53/1399\n Confus, confused, 132/3788\n Conjecte, to conjecture, 27/649, 114/3230\n Conjoignen, to join, 92/2573\n Conjuracioun, conspiracy, 18/394, 53/1399\n Consequente, consequence, 84/2323\n Constreyne, to constrain, contract, 5/38\n Consuler (CONSEILER), consul, 51/1364, 1366\n Consumpt (_consumptus_), consumed, 60/1632\n Contek, contest, strife, 130/3745\n Contene, Contienen, to contain, comprehend, 24/573, 116/3302\n Contrarien, to be opposed to, adverse to, 154/4440\n Contrarious, adverse, opposite, 21/488, 53/1420\n Contrefeten, to counterfeit, 173/5031\n Convenably, fitly, conveniently, 142/4089\n Convict, convicted, 19/440\n Cop, top, summit, 44/1159\n Corage, mind, spirit, 118/3367, 119/3398\n Corige, to correct, 125/3581\n Corompe, Corrumpe, to become corrupt, 98/2766, 96/2697\n Corone, Coroune, a crown, 119/3385, 91/2555\n Corsed, cursed, 181/27\n Corsednesse, cursedness, 90/2526\n Corumpynge, corruption, 103/2927\n Cosyne, cousin, 106/3020\n Couche, to lay, set, 35/890\n Coupable, guilty, 10/172\n Couth, known, 25/592\n Coveite, to covet, 51/1365\n Covenable, fit, convenient, 97/2731\n Covertour, Coverture, covering, 118/3361, 159/4622\n Covetise, Coveytyse, covetousness, 20/451, 181/32\n Covine, deceit, collusion, 21/493\n Coyn, money, 180/20\n Creat, created, 99/2796\n Crike, creek, 82/2260\n Croppe, top, 69/1877\n Curacioun, cure (_curatio_), 26/632\n Curage, 30/753. _See_ Corage.\n Cure, care, 64/1753\n\n Dalf (_pret._ of _delven_), dug, delved, 51/1349\n Damoisel, damsel, 30/762\n Dampnacioun, condemnation, 16/352\n Daunten, Dawnte, to subdue, daunt, 77/2115, 147/4258\n Debonairly, mildly, 122/3490\n Deboneire, gentle (_mitis_), 22/519;\n good, 88/2450\n Deceivable, deceptive, 77/2124\n Dede, did, 181/28\n Dedid, made dead, 127/3623\n Deef, deaf, 4/18\n Deere, dear, 37/941\n Dee\u00fe, death, 4/15\n Defaute, fault, defect, 18/402\n Defende, to forbid, 34/859\n Deffeted, enfeebled, weakened, 30/735\n Defoule, to defile, 21/491, 68/1873\n Degrees, steps, 6/54\n Delices, delight, delights (_delici\u00e6_), 38/968, 41/1062, 66/1787\n Delitable, delectable, 30/756\n Delitably, delightfully, 108/3078\n Delve, should dig, 151/4352\n Delver, a digger, 151/4359\n Dely\u00e9, thin, fine, 5/43. Fr. _d\u00e9li\u00e9_.\n Dempne, to condemn, 183/49\n Denoye, to deny, 88/2464\n Departe, to separate, 29/719\n Depelyche, deeply, 160/4647\n Depeynte, to depict, 111/3146\n Depper, deeper, 27/649\n Derke, Derken, to darken, 7/90, 20/448\n Derwor\u00fee, Derwor\u00fei, precious, 31/787, 41/1046\n Desarmen, disarm, 13/241\n Desceivaunce, deception, 81/2240\n Desceive, Desseive, to deceive, 9/141, 38/967\n Descryven, to describe, 99/2813\n Desmaie, to dismay, 35/896\n Desordene, inordinate, 36/912\n Despoylynge, spoil, prey, 147/4259\n Destempraunce, severity, 97/2749\n Destinal, fatal, 135/3884\n Destourbe, disturb, 143/4123\n Destrat, distracted, 80/2216\n Destreine, to constrain, bind, 54/1441\n Diffinisse, to define, 88/2459, 165/4808\n Digne, worthy, just, 43/1124, 149/4297\n Digneliche, worthily, 53/1427\n Dirke, dark, 83/2306\n Dirke, Dirken, to make dark, darken, 5/48, 49\n Dirkenesse, darkness, 23/535\n Disceyvable, deceptive, 4/23\n Discordable, discordant, 143/4133\n Discorde, to disagree, 94/2632, 102/2898\n Discordyng, disagreeing, discordant, 68/1849\n Discours, judgment, reason, 165/4804\n Discressioun, discretion, 93/2594\n Discussed, dispersed, scattered, 9/149\n Disdaignen, to disdain (_indignari_), 146/4213\n Disencrese, to decrease, 173/5035\n Disordinaunce, disorder, 150/4324\n Dispenden, to spend, expend, 45/1181\n Dispone, to dispose, 135/3864\n Disputisoun, disputation, 149/4314\n Disseveraunce, separation, 96/2701\n Dissimulen, to dissemble, 178/5215\n Distempre, intemperate, 121/3466\n Distingwed, distinguished, 47/1223\n Dit\u00e9, ditty, 134/3850\n Divinour, diviner, 157/4541\n Domesman, judge, 55/1467\n Doom, judgment, 152/4395\n Doumbe, dumb, 9/138\n Doutous, Dowtos, doubtful, 5/37\n Dowblenesse, duplicity, 182/63\n Drede, dread, 21/497\n Dredeful, timid, 121/3468\n Dredles, fearless, 106/3028\n Dreint, Dreynt, drowned, drenched, 4/22, 7/99, 148/4271\n Dresse, to direct, order, 137/3954, 142/4104\n Drouppe, to drop, 20/455\n Drow, drew, 15/300\n Duelly, duly, 22/530\n Dulle, to become dull, 7/100\n Dure, Duren, to last, 98/2755\n Duske, to make dusk or dim, 5/48\n Dyverses (_pl._), divers, 8/120\n Dyvynynge, divination, 157/4541\n\n Echid, increased, 77/2134\n Echynnys, sea-urchins, 82/2266\n Egalit\u00e9, equality, evenness (of mind), 42/1099\n Egaly, equally, evenly, 43/1108, 157/4536\n Egge, edge, 180/19\n Egre, sharp, 25/610\n Egren, to urge, excite, 141/4060\n Eir, air, 45/1169\n Ek, Eke, also, 40/1040, 181/36\n Elde, old age, 5/48\n Eldefadir, grandfather, 40/1042\n Elder, older, 89/2493\n Embelise, to embellish, 47/1223\n Emperie, government, 51/1363\n Emperisse, empress, 109/3098\n Empoysenyng, poisoning, 11/206 (_venenum_)\n Emprente, to imprint, 166/4839\n Emprenten, obtain (translates the Latin, _impetrent_), 159/4596.\n Perhaps a mistake for _empetren_.\n Emptid, exhausted, 5/34\n Enbaissynge, a debasing, 109/3107\n Enbrase, embrace, 142/4092\n Enchaufen, to make hot, _chafe_, 73/2020\n Encharge, to impose, 178/5214\n Enchaunteresse, enchantress, 123/3504\n Endamagen, to damage, 15/316\n Endirken, to obscure, 120/3418\n Enditen, to indite, 4/4\n Enfourme, to inform, instruct, 11/212, 13/263\n Enhaunse, Enhawnse, to raise, exalt (_enhance_), 33/825\n Enlace, to bind, entangle, entertwine, perplex, 13/245,\n 80/2207, 149/4298\n Enoynte, to anoint, 36/923\n Enpeyren, to impair, 120/3418, 139/4015\n Ensample, example, 9/151\n Entalenten, to excite, 168/4876\n Entecche, defile, pollute, 120/3431\n Entendyng, intent, looking stedfastly on, 8/126\n Entente, to intend, 150/4345\n Ententes, endeavours, labours, 7/79\n Ententif, attentive, intent, 12/223, 29/731\n Ententifly, attentively, 103/2931\n Enterchaunge, to interchange, 65/1785, 131/3753\n Entercomunynge, commerce, communication, 57/1528\n Entermedle, to intermix, 54/1436\n Entr\u00e9 (_adytum_), 30/751\n Entrechaunge, to interchange, 39/1003\n Entrelaced, intermingled, entangled, 105/2981\n Entremete, intermeddle, 104/2964\n Enveneme, to poison, infect, 120/3437\n Enviroune, to surround, 34/848, 88/2437\n Environynge, circumference, 164/4769\n Er\u00feeliche, Er\u00feelyche, earthly, 52/1378, 69/1888\n Erye, to plough, ear, 71/1964\n Eschapen, to escape, 41/1054\n Eschaufe, to become hot, to burn, 22/524\n Eschewen, to avoid, escape, 177/5172\n Eschuynge, eschewing, 99/2802\n Establisse, to establish, 15/311\n Eterne, eternal;\n fro eterne = from eternity, 153/4422\n Eternit\u00e9, eternity, 171/4986\n Evenliche, evenly, 25/599\n Everyche, every, 11/190;\n each, 181/48\n Evesterre, evening star, 22/510\n Excussyoun, execution, 184/65\n Exercen, to exercise, practise, 52/1389\n Exercitacioun, exercise, 140/4034\n Exilynge, banishment, 11/205\n Exite, to excite, 168/4881\n Eyen, eyes, 183/36\n Eyer, air, 170/4962\n\n Fader, father, 18/414\n Familarit\u00e9, familiarity, 30/740\n Familers, familiars, 18/407\n Fantesye, fancy, inclination, 181/51\n Fasoun, fashion, 62/1693\n Feffe, (?) 38/966\n Fel, felle, fierce, 44/1160\n Felawschipe, to accompany, 111/3141\n Felefold, manifold, 30/738\n Felliche, fiercely, 39/997\n Felnesse, fierceness, 25/618\n Felonous, wicked, depraved, 18/405\n Felonye, crime, 124/3542\n Fer, far, 23/554\n Ferm, firm, 78/2148\n Fermely, firmly, 157/4550\n Ferne, fern, 64/1741\n Ferne, distant, 60/1621\n Fer\u00fee, fourth, 56/1509\n Festivaly, gaily, 59/1581\n Festne, to fasten, fix, 10/166\n Fette, fetched, 180/22\n Fey, faith, truth, 112/3178\n Ficchen, to fix, fasten, 45/1164, 88/2446\n Fieblesse, feebleness, 81/2240, 112/3176\n Fille, abundance, 48/1269\n Flaumbe, flame, 98/2761\n Fleme, to banish, 29/723\n Fles, fleece, 180/18\n Flete, Fleten, to float, flow, pass away, abound, 8/118,\n 28/690, 146/4223, 152/4376\n Fletynge, flowing, 71/1961\n Fley, flee, 149/4289\n Fleyen, to flee, 125/3584\n Flies, fleece, 50/1330\n Flitte, to remove, 68/1853\n Flittyng, changing, fickle, 78/2150\n Flityng, flitting, 12/220\n Flotere, to float, 99/2817\n Floterynge, floating, 87/2420\n Flouren, to flourish, 131/3763\n Fodre, fodder, 148/4267\n Foleyen, Folyen, to act foolishly, 67/1821, 1826\n Folyly, foolishly, 12/220\n Fooldest, foldest, 105/2984\n Forbrek, broke, interrupted, 108/3082\n Fordoon, to undo, destroy, 62/1693\n Fordryven, driven about, 12/215\n Foreyne, foreign, 34/851\n Forghe, furrow, 170/4959\n Forheved, forehead, 16/346\n Forknowyng, foreknowledge, 178/5187\n Forleften, left (_pret._ of _forleve_, _linquo_), 9/150\n Forlete, to cease, 96/2697;\n leave, forsake, 22/525\n Forleten (_p.p._), neglected, forsaken, 5/47\n Forliven, degenerate from (_degenero_), 78/2163\n Forlorn, lost, 34/858, 121/3452\n Forme, an error for _ferme_, to make firm, 23/547\n Forpampred, overpampered, 180/5\n Fors, force;\n \u2018no fors,\u2019 no matter, 182/13\n Forsweryng, perjury, 23/536\n For\u00feenke, to be sorry, grieved, 41/1058\n For\u00feere, to further, promote, 41/1057\n For\u00feest, farthest, 136/3918\n For\u00fei, therefore, 28/689\n Fortroden, trodden upon, trampled, 109/3100\n Fortunel, fortuitous, 152/4379\n Fortunouse, Fortuouse, fortuitous, 26/639, 38/983, 132/3779\n Forwes, furrows, 180/12\n Forwiter, foreknower, 178/5204\n Foryetyn, forgotten, 101/2872\n Foundement, foundation, 98/2754\n Fowel, bird, 107/3053\n Fram, from, 70/1931\n Freele, frail, 61/1658\n Frete, to eat, devour, 147/4252\n Frounce, flounce, 9/147\n Fructe, fruit, 180/3\n Frutefiyng, fructifying, fruitful, 6/72\n Fulfilling, satisfying, 79/2178\n Fycche, fix, 108/3073. _See_ Ficchen.\n Fyn, end, 69/1892\n\n Gabbe, \u2018gabbe I?\u2019 am I deceived? 49/1308\n Galentyne, a dish in ancient cookery made of sopped bread\n and spices (_Halliwell_), 180/16\n Galles, galls, 181/47\n Gapen, to desire, be greedy for, 15/324, 36/910\n Gapinge, desire, 36/910\n Gastnesse, terror, fear, 75/2079\n Geaunt, giant, 104/2966\n Gentilesse, nobility, 78/2154\n Geometrien, geometrician, 91/2552\n Gerdoned, rewarded, 120/3410\n Gerdoun, reward, 13/265\n Gerner, garner, 15/305\n Gesse, Gessen, to deem, suppose, estimate, 17/378, 19/416, 65/1782\n Gessinge, opinion, 21/475\n Gest, guest, 38/979\n Gideresse, a female guide, 108/3084\n Gise, guise, mode, 71/1943\n Giser, gizzard, 107/3054\n Glotonus, greedy, 26/620\n Gnodded, pounded, 180/11\n Gobet, a bit (of gold), 51/1349\n Godhed, divinity, 122/3492\n Goost, spirit, ghost, 40/1036\n Governaile, government (_gubernaculum_), 27/651\n Governaunce, control, 32/813\n Goye, joy, 179/5218\n Gray\u00fee, to devise, prepare, 19/438\n Grobbe up, to grub up, 181/29\n Grond, did grind, 180/15\n Gynne, snare, trap, 82/2256\n Gynner, beginner, 150/4330\n Gyse, guise, mode, 134/3860\n\n Habitacle, habitation, 57/1525\n Habunde, to abound, 41/1073\n Halden, to hold, 41/1053\n Hale, to draw, drag, 61/1665\n Halt, holds, 56/1504\n Hardnesse, hardship, 132/3783\n Hardyly, boldly, 34/857\n Hastise, to hasten, 131/3746\n Haunten, to frequent, 10/168;\n to practise, exercise, 52/1389\n Heeres, hairs, 4/12\n Heet, heat, 28/699\n Hef, raised, heaved, 5/41\n Hele, health, 93/2623\n Henten, to seize, 15/326\n Hepen, to heap up, increase, 153/4418\n Herburghden, harboured, lodged, 53/1409\n Herie, to praise, 109/3112\n Hert, hart, 106/3027\n Herted, hearted, 55/1466\n Heve, to raise, heave, 171/4968\n Heved, head, 4/13\n Hevenelyche, heavenly, 8/105\n Hevie, to make heavy, 171/4967\n Hey, high, 22/523\n Heyere, higher, 143/4117\n Hey\u021de, high, 171/4969\n Hielde, pour, 35/899\n Hi\u021dte, to adorn, 8/116\n Hoke, hook, 16/347\n Holily, wholly, entirely, 90/2503\n Homelyche, homely, 105/3001\n Hond, hand, 20/449\n Honter, a hunter, 12/228\n Hool, whole, 46/1191\n Hoolnesse, wholeness, 164/4754\n Hoope, to hope, 17/384\n Hore, hoary, 4/13\n Humblesse, humility, 80/2213\n Hungry tyme, time of famine, 15/314\n Hurtlen, to rush against, to oppose, 30/748, 167/4866\n Hyene, hy\u00e6na, 185/35\n Hy\u021dt, is called, 9/154, 25/619\n Hy\u021dten, are called, 77/2126\n\n Ibou\u021dt, bought, 157/4540\n Ibowed, bent, turned, 137/3949\n Icharged, loaded, 71/1962\n Igete, gotten, 36/908\n Ilorn, lost, 62/1677\n Imperial, august (_imperiosus_), 7/91\n Implie, to fold, enclose, 152/4379\n Infortune, misfortune, 79/2197\n Inmoeveable, immovable, 173/5030\n Inmoeveablet\u00e9, immobility, 173/5032\n Inorschid, nourished, nurtured, 8/128\n I-nowh, enough, 180/11\n Inperfit, imperfect, 83/2291\n Inplitable (_inexplicabilis_), 15/315\n Inprente, to imprint, 166/4832\n Inpressed, impressed, 167/4861\n Inrest, innermost, 136/3913\n Instaunce (_instantia_), presence, 174/5067\n Intil, into, 110/3139\n Inwi\u00fe, within, 32/801\n Issest, issuest, 105/2983\n Iwist, known, 156/4513\n\n Jangland, chattering, 68/1867\n Jape-worthi, ridiculous, 157/4540\n Jolyt\u00e9, pleasure, 79/2189\n Jowes, jaws, 15/323\n Joygnen, to join, 54/1455\n Joynture, juncture, joining, 46/1207\n Juge, a judge, 19/431;\n to judge, 53/1427\n Jugement, judgment, 114/3253\n\n Karf (_pret._ of Kerven), cut, 50/1337\n Kembd, KEMBED, combed, 23/537\n Kerve, to cut, 64/1740\n Kevere, cover, obscure, 34/861\n Keye, helm (_clavus_), 103/2926\n Knowelechinge, knowledge, 168/4874\n Kny\u021dt, soldier, 111/3142\n Konnyng, knowledge, 16/351\n Korue (_p.p._), cut, rent, 6/58\n Kuytten, to cut, 147/4246\n Kyd, known, 181/46\n Kyndeliche, Kyndely, naturally, 101/2850, 114/3228\n Kythen, to make known, show, 184/63\n\n Lache, slow, lazy, 122/3471\n Lad (_p.p._), led, 35/879\n Laddre, ladder, 6/55\n Lambyssh, lamb-like, 181/50\n Languisse, to languish, 30/734, 130/3740\n Lappe, flap, 9/146\n Largesse, liberality, 45/1183\n Lasse, less, 22/508\n Leche, Leecher, physician, 13/250, 114/3254, 139/3990\n Leef, dear, 37/941\n Leesen, Leese, to lose, 22/509, 43/1133\n Lene, to give, 139/3993\n Lenger, longer, 52/1370\n Lesynge, loss, 141/4066\n Lesynge, leasing, lie, 156/4525\n Leten, to leave, 10/176;\n to esteem, 61/1666\n Leve, permission, leave, 128/3658\n Leveful, allowable, lawful, 10/176\n Ligge, to lie, 60/1632, 147/4251\n Liifly, lively, lifelike, 5/33\n Likerous, lecherous, 72/1989\n Litargie, lethargy, 9/140\n Litestere, a dyer, 180/17\n Lokyng, sight, 10/167\n Loos, praise\n Loo\u00fe, loath, 40/1036\n Lorel, a wretch, 21/495\n Lorn, lost, 34/859\n Lous, loose, free, 136/3926\n Lykynge, pleasure, 31/771\n Lymes, limbs, 71/1946\n Lynage, lineage, 41/1070\n Lythnesse, lightness, 98/2761\n Ly\u021dte goodes, temporal goods, 4/21\n Ly\u021dtly, easily, 12/220\n Ly\u021dtne, to enlighten, 128/3655\n Ly\u021dtnesse, light, brightness, 8/106\n\n Maat, weary, dejected, 40/1037\n Magistrat, magistracy, 72/1985\n Maistresse, mistress, 10/169\n Malice, _nefas_, wickedness, 20/466\n Malyfice, _maleficium_, 20/468\n Manace, menace, 12/232\n Manase, to menace, 118/3365\n Manassynge, threatening, 44/1158\n Mareis, Mareys, marsh, 56/1513, 97/2735\n Margarits, pearls, 94/2650\n Marye, pith, marrow, 97/2744\n Maugr\u00e9, in spite of, 70/1928\n Mede, meed, reward, 91/2555\n Medle, to mix, _Medelyng_, mixing, mixture, 20/449, 122/3482, 126/3594\n Meenelyche, moderate, 28/706\n Meistresse, mistress, 17/363\n Melle, mill, 180/6\n Mene, the mean or middle path, 146/4228\n Meremaydenes, mermaids, 7/83\n Merken, to mark, 16/346\n Mervaille, Merveile, marvel, 18/403, 132/3787\n Merveilen, to marvel, 46/1205\n Mervelyng, wondering, 10/161\n Mest, most, 42/1081\n Mesuren, to measure, 65/1782\n Meyn\u00e9, servants, domestics, 47/1243\n Mirie, pleasant, sweet, 4/16\n Mirinesse, pleasure, 66/1793\n Misericorde, mercy, pity, 107/3057\n Mistourne, to misturn, mislead, 69/1894\n Mochel, great, 62/1674, 109/3110\n Moeveable, mobile, fickle, 133/3817\n Moeven, to move, 8/112, 150/4329\n Moewyng, moving, motion, 130/3742\n Mokere, to hoard up, 45/1182\n Mokere, miser, 45/1182. A mistake for _mokerere_.\n Molest\u00e9, trouble, grief, 85/2346\n Monstre, prodigy, 18/403\n More, greater, 129/3697\n Morwe, morning, 22/513\n Mosten (_pl._), must, 166/4836\n Mot, must, 40/1038\n Mowen, be able, 25/608\n Mowynge, ability, power, 124/3548\n Myche, much, 21/475\n Mychel, much, 46/1215\n Myntynge, purposing, endeavouring, 7/101\n Myrie, pleasant, 45/1165\n Myrily, pleasantly, 59/1582\n Myr\u00fees, pleasures, 132/3782\n Mys, badly, wrongly, 131/3772\n Mysese, grievance, trouble, 15/299\n Mysknowynge, ignorant, 61/1659\n Mysweys, wrong paths, 149/4309\n\n Naie, to refuse, 4/19\n Nake, to make naked, 148/4288\n Nameles, unrenowned, 131/3762\n Namelyche, Namly, especially, 124/3550\n Nare, were not, 10/176\n Nart, art not, 23/556\n Narwe, narrow, 57/1520\n Nas, was not, 180/9\n Na\u00feeles, nevertheless, 6/57\n Nat, not, 23/556\n Necesseden, necessitated, 87/2419\n Nedely, of necessity, 84/2334\n Negardye, (_sb._) misers, 183/53\n Nere, were not, 26/646\n Ne\u00feemaste, lowest, nethermost, 6/56\n Ne\u00feereste, lowest, 6/50\n Newe, to renew, 137/3938\n Newliche, recently, 122/3489\n Nice, foolish, 148/4287\n Nil, will not, 107/3055\n Nillynge, being unwilling, 97/2718\n Nilt, wilt not, 112/3193\n Nis, is not, 12/218\n Niste, knew not, 102/2882\n Noblesse, nobleness, 37/947\n Nobley, nobility, nobleness, 37/945\n Nolden, would not, 52/1369\n Norice, nurse, 10/167\n Norisse, to nourish, 79/2174\n Norry, nursling, pupil, 10/173\n Norssinge, nourishment, support, 47/1231;\n nutriment, 37/932\n Not, know not (_1st pers._), 27/649\n Notful, useful, 7/85\n Nounpower, impotence, 75/2074\n Nou\u00feir, neither, 160/4644\n Noyse, to make a noise (about a thing), to brag, 79/2171\n Nurry (_see_ Norry), 86/2386\n Nys, is not, 45/1175\n\n O, one, 24/564\n Obeisaunt, obedient, 13/266, 32/814\n Object, presented, 168/4889\n Occupye, to seize, 146/4227\n Offence, hurt, damage, 180/19\n Offensioun, offence, 20/473\n Olifunt\u021d, elephants, 80/2223\n Onknowyn, unknown, 180/6\n Onlyche, only, 171/4968\n Onone, Onoon, at once, anon, 23/553, 74/2027\n Ony, any, 21/488\n Ooned, united, 135/3879\n Oor, oar, 50/1338\n Oosteresse, hostess, 122/3495\n Or, ere, before, 9/143\n Ordeinly, orderly, 140/4044\n Ordenour, ordainer, 109/3110\n Ordeyne, orderly, 109/3109\n Ordinat, ordered, settled, 12/229\n Ordinee, orderly, 102/2902\n Ordure, filth, 29/716\n Ostelment\u021d, furniture, goods, 48/1266\n O\u00feerweyes, otherwise (_aliter_), 164/4772\n Outerage, excess, 50/1326\n Outerest, extremest, remotest, 55/1469, 89/2476\n Outerly, utterly, 108/3081\n Outraien, do harm (?), 78/2162\n Over-comere, conqueror, 8/109\n Overmaste, highest, uppermost, 6/57\n Overmyche, overmuch, very much, 79/2191\n Overoolde, very old, 11/209\n Over\u00ferowen, prostrate, 21/497\n Over\u00ferowyng, forward, headstrong, 7/99, 141/4058\n Overtymelyche, untimely, 4/13\n Owh, an exclamation (_pap\u00e6_), 112/3166\n Owtrage, excess, 180/5\n\n Paied, satisfied, 58/1549\n Paleis, pale, 24/574\n Palude, marsh, 148/4262\n Paraventure, peradventure, 18/402\n Parchemyn, parchment, 166/4835\n Parsoners, sharers, partakers, 170/4942\n Partles, without a share, 120/3409\n Pas, paces, 19/442\n Paysyble, peaceable, peaceful, 180/1\n Peisible, quiet, placid, 23/550, 88/2450\n Percen, to pierce, 81/2236\n Perdurable, lasting, perpetual, 5/44, 21/503\n Perdurablet\u00e9, immortality, 58/1557\n Perfitlyche, _Perfitly_, perfectly, 87/2426, 133/3833\n Perfourny, to afford, furnish, 67/1823\n Perisse, to perish, 96/2712\n Perturbacioun, perturbation, 7/98\n Perverte, to destroy, 11/201\n Peyne, punishment, 121/3439\n Piment, a kind of drink, 50/1329\n Plent\u00e9, fulness, 173/5037\n Plentevous, affluent, 67/1824\n Plentivous, yielding abundantly, fertile, 64/1739\n Plentivously, abundantly, 25/592\n Plete, argue, plead, 33/833\n Pletyngus, pleadings, debates (at law), 70/1933\n Pleyne, to complain, 31/777\n Pleynelyche, plainly, 28/681\n Pleynt, complaint, 110/3122\n Plonge, Ploungen, to plunge, 7/89, 65/1784\n Ploungy, wet, rainy (_imbrifer_), 64/1745\n Polute, polluted, 20/450\n Pose, to put a case, cf. put a _poser_, 162/4686\n Poust\u00e9, power, 131/3766\n Pownage, pasturage, 180/7\n Poyntel, style, 166/4838\n Preiere, prayer, 107/3044\n Preisen, to estimate, judge, 7/379\n Preisynge, praising, 77/2131\n Preke, to prick, 85/2346\n Prenostik, prognostic, 183/54\n Presentarie, present, 178/5196\n Preterit, preterite, past, 171/4990\n Pretorie, the imperial body-guard, 15/317\n Prev\u00e9, secret, 121/3464\n Preven, to prove, 90/2503\n Prie, to pray, 25/600\n Pris, value;\n \u2018wor\u00fei of _pris_,\u2019 precious, 24/583\n Proche, to approach, 145/4182\n Proeve, to approve, 154/4456\n Punisse, to punish, 22/531\n Puplisse, to publish, spread, propagate, 58/1549, 98/2753\n Purper, purple, 25/617\n Purpose, to propose, 176/5148\n Purveaunce, providence, 134/3863\n Purveiable, provident, foreseeing, 68/1854\n Purveie, to ordain, order, 21/478\n Purvyance, providence, 99/2795\n\n Quereles, complaints, 70/1932\n Quik, living, 134/3839\n Quyene, queen, 183/43\n Quyerne, a mill, 180/6\n\n Rafte, bereft, 147/4259\n Ra\u00feer, earlier, former, 30/735\n Raviner, a plunderer, 12/228\n Ravische, to snatch, 11/190\n Ravyne, plunder, rapine, 15/302, 36/909\n Ravynour, plunderer, 121/3460\n Ravysse, to carry off, 131/3774\n Real, royal, 19/420\n Recche, to care, reck, 33/827, 38/987\n Recompensacioun, recompense, 130/3724\n Recorde, to recount, recall, 92/2580, 101/2871\n Reddowr, severity, rigour, 182/13\n Redenesse, redness, flushing, 7/88\n Redoutable, venerable, 131/3763\n Redoute, to fear, 10/178, 57/1535\n Redy = rody, red, ruddy, 39/995\n Refet, refreshed, 143/4116\n Reft (away), carried off, 22/521\n Refut, refuge, 94/2644\n Regne, kingdom, 67/1843\n Regnen, to reign, rule, 29/726\n Remewe, to remove, 19/441\n Remorde, to vex, trouble, 140/4030\n Remuable, able to remove from one place to another, 168/4898\n Remuen, to remove, 52/1394\n Renomed, renowned, 41/1070, 78/2143\n Renovele, to renew, 98/2752\n Replenisse, to replenish, 20/469\n Reprere, to reprove, 167/4857\n Repugnen, to be repugnant to, 154/4440\n Requerable, desirable, 52/1377\n Requere, to require, 99/2790\n Rescowe, to recover, 133/3809\n Rescowe, to rescue, 35/881\n Resolve, to loosen, melt, 133/3814\n Resoune, to resound, 107/3036\n Rethoryen, rhetorical, 30/759\n Rewlyche, pitiable, sorrowful, 35/878\n Risorse = recourse (_recursus_), course, 8/108\n Rody, ruddy, 143/4122\n Roos, roes, 82/2258\n Rosene, roseat, 8/117\n Route, company, 47/1243\n Royle, to run, roll, 29/717\n Rynnyng, running, 50/1335\n Ry\u021dtwisnesse, righteousness, equity, 16/331\n\n Sachel, satchel, sack, 12/223\n Sad, stable, 41/1064\n Saddenesse, stability, 110/3123\n Sarpuler, a sack made of coarse cloth (_Sarcinula_), 12/223\n Sauuacioun, safety, salvation, 97/2723\n Sau\u021d, Say, saw, 8/106, 9/137\n Saye, sawest, 37/958\n Schad, shed, 4/13\n Schrew, a wicked person, a wretch, 12/217\n Schrewed, wicked, 18/398\n Schrewednesse, wickedness, 18/401, 117/3324\n Schronk, shrunk, 5/38\n Schulden (_pl._), should, 9/132\n Schullen (_pl._), shall, 25/605\n Scom, foam, froth, 148/4281\n Scripture, writing, 17/382\n Sege, seat, 13/258\n Seien (_pl._), saw, 51/1344\n Seien (_p.p._), seen, 6/54\n Selde, seldom, 133/3818\n Seler, cellar, 35/890\n Selily, happily, blissfully, 42/1076\n Selve, very, 5/42\n Semblable, like, 48/1279\n Semblaunce, likeness, 142/4106\n Semblaunt, appearance, countenance, 5/31\n Senglely, singly, 85/2369\n Sensibilites, sensations, 166/4830\n Servage, servitude, 153/4411\n Sewe, to follow, 88/2441\n Seye, sawest, 37/955\n Seyntuaries, sanctuaries, 16/343\n Shad, divided, spread, 136/3922\n Sholdres, shoulders, 148/4281\n Sich, such, 6/67\n Sikerly, certainly, 94/2635\n Singler, individual, single, 57/1529\n Singlerly, singly, 135/3890\n Sittyng, fitting, becoming, 10/176\n Skilynge, reason, 137/3931\n Slaken, to slake (hunger), 50/1326\n Slede, sledge, 110/3131\n Sleen, Slen, to slay, 53/1409, 55/1460\n Slou\u021d, slew, 55/1461\n Smaragde, emerald, 94/2650\n Smerte, to smart, pain, 39/1011\n Smot, smote, 147/4254\n Smo\u00fee, smooth, 8/112\n Sodeyn, sudden, 10/161\n Somedel, somewhat, 25/606\n Somer, summer, 22/517\n Songen (_p.p._), sung, 108/3078\n Soory, sorry, grievous, 38/978\n So\u00fee, true, 17/377, 118/3352\n So\u00feefastly, truly, 89/2481\n So\u00feely, truly, 169/4918\n So\u00feenesse, truth, 26/641\n Sothfast, true, 61/1652\n Soun, sound, 68/1852\n Soune, to sound, 37/929\n Sounyng, sounding, roaring, 8/111\n Sovereyne, supreme, 90/2508\n Sovereynely, supremely, 91/2545\n Sourmounte, to surpass, 80/2223\n Spece, species, 165/4789\n Speculacioun, looking, contemplation, 153/4408\n Spedeful, Spedful, efficacious, conducive, 125/3570, 161/4671\n Speden, to make clear, explain, 161/4667\n Spere, sphere, 8/108\n Sperkele, spark, 104/2971\n Sprad, spread (_p.p._), 9/156\n Stablet\u00e9, stability, 137/3950\n Stablise, to establish, 134/3860\n Stably, firmly, 135/3890\n Stappe, step, 170/4963\n Staunche, to satisfy, 71/1948, 1961\n Stere, to move (_agitare_), 106/3015\n Sterre, star, 36/903\n Sterry, starry, 36/904\n Sterten, to start, 104/2971\n Stidefastnesse, stability, strength, 97/2748\n Stidfast, steadfast, 182/17\n Stien, to ascend, 88/2444\n Stiere, _steer_, rudder (_gubernaculum_), 103/2926\n Stiern, stern, 60/1628\n Stoon, stone, 45/1165\n Stormynge, making stormy, 29/712\n Stont, stands, 9/154\n Stoundes, times, 178/5187\n Strau\u021dt, stretched, extended, 170/4957\n Strengere, stronger, 12/221\n Strenke\u00fe, strength, 12/240\n Streyhte, stretched, 63/1702\n Streyne, to restrain, 150/4325\n Strond, strand, 51/1339\n Strook, stroke, 153/4433\n Strumpet, 6/66\n Stye, to ascend, 143/4117\n Stynte, to stop, 37/929\n Styntynge, stopping, ceasing, 61/1638\n Suasioun, persuasion (_suadela_), 30/759\n Subgit, subject, 48/1273\n Submytte, to compel, force (_summitto_), 19/434\n Sudeyn, sudden, 30/752\n Suffisaunce, sufficiency, 70/1922\n Suffisaunt, sufficient, 70/1924\n Suffisauntly, sufficiently, 133/3833\n Summitte, Summytte, to submit, 49/1288, 136/3924\n Superfice, surface, 81/2238\n Supplien, to supplicate, 80/2210\n Surt\u00e9, security, 181/46\n Sustigne, to sustain, 183/41\n Sweighe, whirl, circular motion (_turbo_), 22/504\n Swerd, sword, 19/438\n Swety, sweaty, 181/28\n Sweyes, whirlings, 32/816\n Swich, such, 20/446\n Swolwe, to swallow, 98/2777\n Syker, secure, safe, 12/224, 16/333\n Sykernesse, security, safety, 9/132\n Symplesse, simplicity, 136/3914\n Syn, since, 31/789\n Sy\u00feen, since, 32/802\n\n Talent, affection, desire, will, 6/71, 168/4887\n Taylage, tollage, 181/54\n \u00dear, need, 38/987\n \u00deerwhiles, whilst, 176/5150\n \u00deilke, the same, that, 99/2814\n \u00deo, \u00deoo (_pl._), the, 11/200, 168/4886\n \u00deondre, thunder, 45/1166\n \u00deoru\u021d, through, 11/202\n \u00dereschefolde, threshold, 7/89\n \u00derest, thirst, 36/914, 71/1945\n \u00dereste, \u00deresten, thrust, 47/1237, 148/4283\n Throf, throve, flourished, 74/2050\n \u00derust, thirst, 107/3053\n Til, to, 69/1891\n Tilier, a tiller, 151/4352\n To-breke, break in pieces, 88/2447\n Todrowen (_pl._), drew asunder, 11/193\n Toforne, before, 177/5184\n Togidres, together, 53/1421\n To hepe, together, 140/4029\n Tokene, to token, 26/624\n Tollen, to draw, 56/1496\n Torenten (_pl._), rent asunder, 11/194\n To-teren, tear in pieces, 68/1865\n Traas, Trais, trace, track, 170/4958, 4963\n Transporten, throw on (_transferre_), 19/419\n Travaille, labour, toil, 10/174\n Travayle, to toil, labour, 64/1754\n Travayle, labour, 148/4286\n Tregedie, tragedy, 77/2126\n Tregedien, tragedian, 77/2125\n Trenden, to roll, turn, 100/2835\n Troublable, troublesome, 118/3369\n Trouble, turbid, stormy, 29/711\n Troubly, troubled, cloudy (_nubilus_), 133/3819\n Trowen, to trow, believe, 20/468, 152/4399\n Twitre, to twitter, 68/1875\n Twynkel, to wink, 38/971\n Tylienge, tilling, 151/4347\n Tyren, to tear, 107/3055\n\n Umblesse, humility, 181/55\n Unagreable, unpleasant, disagreeable, 4/25\n Unassaie\u00fe, untried, 42/1082\n Unbitide, not to happen, 161/4678\n Unbowed, unbent, 148/4284\n Uncovenable, unmeet, importunate (_importunus_), 141/4058\n Undefouled, undefiled, 40/1023\n Undepartable, inseparable, 120/3422\n Underput, put under, subject, 28/696\n Understonde, to understand, 30/733, 43/1120\n Undigne, unworthy, 54/1444\n Undirne\u00fe, underneath, 75/2074\n Undiscomfited, not discomfited (_invictus_), 12/232\n Undoutous, indubitable, 149/4315\n Uneschewably, unavoidably, 157/4531\n Ungentil, ignoble, 41/1070\n Ungrobbed, ungrubbed, 180/14\n Unhonestee, disreputableness, 24/587\n Unhoped, unexpected, 139/4006\n Universit\u00e9, whole, 165/4797\n Unjoynen, Unjoygnen, to separate, 151/4373\n Unknowyng, ignorant, 139/3997\n Unknytten, to unloose (_dissolvere_), 154/4459\n Unkonnyng, Unkunnynge, unknowing, ignorant, 7/76, 11/202\n Unkorven, uncut, 180/14\n Unkou\u00fe, unknown, foreign, 34/870\n Unlace, to disentangle, 105/2982\n Unleveful, illicit, unlawful, 154/4456\n Unmeke, fierce, cruel, 148/4267\n Unmoeveable, immovable, 136/3901\n Unmoeveablet\u00e9, immobility, 136/3921\n Unmy\u021dty, weak, impotent, 13/241\n Unne\u00fe, scarcely, 27/652\n Unparygal, unequal, 63/1708\n Unpitouse, cruel, 4/24\n Unpleyten, to explain, 61/1647\n Unplite, explain, unfold, 167/4843\n Unpunissed, unpunished, 21/498\n Unpurveyed, unforeseen, 30/743\n Unraced, unbroken, whole, 110/3115\n Unry\u021dtful, unjust, 10/185\n Unry\u021dtfully, unrightfully, unjustly, 23/533\n Unscience, unreal knowledge, no knowledge, 156/4515\n Unsely, wretched, 39/1013\n Unselynesse, wretchedness, 124/3544\n Unskilfuly, unwisely, improperly, 18/407\n Unsolempne, not famous, not celebrated, 11/210\n Unsowe, unsown, 180/10\n Unspedful, unsuccessful, 178/5210\n Unstauncheable, unlimited, infinite, 58/1573\n Unstaunched, uncurbed, unrestrained, 54/1439\n Unsuffrable, intolerable, 79/2179\n Unusage, unfrequency, 57/1528\n Untretable, inexorable, implacable, 61/1641\n Unwar, unexpected, 35/886\n Unwarly, unaware, unexpectedly, 4/10\n Unwemmed, inviolate, 40/1023, 178/5201\n Unwened, unexpected, 139/4006\n Unwoot, knows not, 175/5099\n Unworshipful, dishonoured, 75/2054\n Uphepyng, heaping up, 37/951\n Upsodoun, upside down, 48/1274, 156/4501\n Upsprong, upsprung, 180/10\n Used, accustomed, wonted, 22/512\n Uterreste, extremest, outermost, 7/95\n\n Vanisse, to vanish, 74/2027\n Variaunt, varying, 22/518\n Vengerisse, a she-avenger, 107/3048\n Verray, Verrey, true, 19/429\n Vilfully (Wilsfully), wilfully, 116/3295\n Voide, having an empty purse (_vacuus_), 50/1316\n Voyded (of), emptied of, free from, 181/50\n\n Wakyng, watchful, 148/4263\n Walwe, to toss, 51/1361\n Walwyng, tossing, 29/712\n Wan, did win, 147/4240\n War, be aware, take care, 145/4200\n Warne, to refuse, deny, 37/950\n Wawe, a wave, 8/115\n Wayk, weak, 28/706\n Weep (_pret._), wept, 35/883\n Welde, wild, 180/17. It may mean _boiled_, since another copy\n reads _wellyd_.\n Weleful, Welful, prosperous, joyful, 4/15\n Welefulnesse, Welfulnesse, prosperity, felicity, 11/188, 21/478\n Welken, to wither, fade, 146/4224\n Welkne, welkin, 184/62\n Welle, well, source, 157/4548\n Wende, weened, thought, 53/1397\n Wenge, wing, 170/4961\n Wenynge, opinion, 172/5022\n Wepen (_p.p._), wept, 25/596\n Wepli, tearful, 5/29\n Werdes, fates, destinies, 4/10\n Werreye, to make war, 181/25\n Weten, to know, 156/4519\n Wex, wax, 167/4840\n Weyve, to waive, forsake, 29/722\n Wham, whom, 89/2482\n Whelwe, to toss, roll, 39/1001\n Whiderward, whither, 177/5171\n Whist, hushed, 51/1341\n Wierdes, fates, destinies, 12/231\n Wikke, wicked, bad, 64/1743\n Willynge, desire, 178/5203\n Wilne, to desire, 17/367\n Wilnynge, desire, 98/2781\n Wirche, to work, 12/235\n Wirchyng, working, operation, 95/2677\n Wist, known, 170/4937\n Witen, to know, learn, 88/2458, 132/3776, 160/4624\n Wi\u00fedrow, withdrew, 64/1751\n Wi\u00fehalden, to withhold, 142/4105\n Wi\u00feoute for\u00fee, outwardly, 165/4803\n Wi\u00feseid, denied, 90/2501\n Wi\u00festant, withstand, 29/715\n Wi\u00festonde (_p.p._), withstood, 14/290\n Witnesfully, attestedly, publicly, 131/3765\n Witynge, knowledge, 156/4526\n Wod, woad, 180/17\n Wod, Wode, mad, raging, 12/225\n Wode, wood, 39/995\n Wodenesse, rage, madness, 45/1169, 107/3052\n Wolen (_pl._), will, 94/2645\n Woltow, wilt thou, 97/2741\n Wone, to dwell, 60/1627\n Woode, Wode, furious, mad, 25/600\n Woode, to rage, 123/3515\n Woodnesse, rage, madness, 107/3052\n Woot, knows, 43/1128\n Wope, to weep, 36/905\n Worchen, to work, 178/5215\n Wost, knowest, 19/423\n Woxe, to increase, wax, grow, 25/608\n Woxen (_p.p._), grown, 25/607\n Wrekere, avenger, 128/3665\n Wrekyng, vengeance, 147/4238\n Wro\u00feely, grieved, sad, 7/87\n Wry\u00feen, twist, turn, wrest, 154/4452\n Wymple, to cover with a veil or wimple, 31/774\n Wyt, sense, 164/4771\n Wy\u021dt, wight, person, 19/425\n\n Yave (_pl._), gave, 180/4\n Yben, been, 162/4698\n Ybeyen, to obey, 105/2998\n Ycau\u021dt, caught, captured, 118/3371\n Ycleped, called, 150/4346\n Ydel, \u2018_in ydel_,\u2019 in vain, 5/43\n Ydred, feared, 33/825\n Yfelawshiped, associated, united, 53/1421\n Yficched, fixed, 136/3910\n Yfinissed, finished, 125/3558\n Yflit, flitted, removed, 8/108\n Ygeten, gotten, 65/1776\n Yhardid, hardened, 133/3814\n Yheuied, made heavy, 171/4974\n Ylad, led, 37/956, 172/5022\n Ylete, permitted, 130/3730\n Ylett, hindered, 161/4674\n Ylorn, lost, 147/4250\n Ymaginable, possessing imagination, 166/4812\n Ymaked, made, 87/2426\n Ymedeled, mixed, 140/4029\n Ynou\u021d, enough, 71/1947\n Yplitid, pleated, folded, 9/147\n YPORVEYID, YPURVEID, foreseen, 155/4467, 4468\n Ysen, seen, 72/1982\n Yshad, shed, scattered, 68/1874\n Yshet, shut, 170/4955\n Ysmyte, smitten, 80/2202\n Yspedd, made clear, determined, 161/4657;\n despatched, 149/4295\n Yspendyd, examined (_expediero_), 161/4668\n Ysprad, spread, 78/2140\n Yspranid, sprinkled, mixed, 42/1102.\n _Read_ yspraind.\n Ystrenge\u00feed, strengthened, 175/5098\n Y\u00feewed, behaved, 139/4008\n Y\u00ferongen, pressed, squeezed, 57/1521\n Ytravailed, laboured, 155/4469\n Ytretid, handled, performed, 131/3765\n Yvel, evil, 105/2976\n Ywened, believed, 145/4178\n Ywist, known, 155/4475\n Ywoven, woven, 6/51\n Ywyst, known, 164/4759\n Y\u021deven, given, 141/4069\n\n \u021caf, gave, 8/130\n \u021ceelde, \u021celde, seldom, 39/1002, 52/1372\n \u021celd, yielded, 147/4253\n \u021celden, to yield, 149/4303\n \u021ceve, to give, 149/4291\n \u021cevyng, giving, 45/1188\n \u021cif, if, 9/131\n \u021cis, yes, 103/2919\n \u021cisterday, yesterday, 171/4994\n \u021citte, yet, 156/4508\n \u021cok, \u021cokke, yoke, 32/802, 60/1620\n \u021colde (_p.p._), yielded, 25/599\n \u021conge, young, 35/889\n \u021cou\u00fee, youth, 10/168\n\n\n * * * * *\n * * * *\n\n\n_Errors and Inconsistencies_ (Noted by Transcriber)\n\n_Introduction_\n\n (8) Pr\u00e6scientiane futurorum necessitatis an futurorum necessitas\n providenti\u00e6, laboretur.\n [[dot or flyspeck over last u in \u201cfuturorum\u201d in two different\n printings]]\n\n _keye and a stiere_ (p. 103)\n [[italicized \u201c_keye_ and a stiere\u201d: changed to match\n primary text]]\n\n_Primary Text_\n\n [Sidenote: [The fyrst met{ur}.]\n [[no closing bracket]]\n\n [Linenote: 852 ... _lorn_--MS. lorne, C. for lorn.]\n [[printed as shown, with no space for hyphen at line break]]\n\n [SET NE ME INEXORABILE CONTRA.\n ...\n of verray blysfulnesse //]\n [[brackets open on page 61 and close on page 64]]\n\n nat now \u00fe{a}t .I. be vnparygal to the strokes of fortune / as 1708\n who seyth. I. dar wel now suffren al the assautes of fortune\n [[spacing unchanged: expected \u201cseyth .I.\u201d]\n\n \u00b6 But forso\u00fee frendes ne shollen nat ben rekkened\n [[printed \u201crek-/kened\u201d at line break;\n expected spelling \u201crekened\u201d]]\n\n [Linenote: 2049 ... _apparailed_--MS. apparailen, C. a-paraylede]\n [[hyphen in \u201capparailen\u201d invisible]]\n\n [Sidenote: What can be more infamous than renoun founded on the\n prejudices of the vulgar?] [[spelling unchanged]]\n\n [Sidenote: _P._ Thinkest thou that any thing in this world can confer\n this happiness? (the sovereign good).]\n [[\u201ct\u201d in \u201cthis world\u201d invisible]]\n\n [Sidenote: He who looks on thee beholds beginning, support, guide,\n path and goal, combined!] [beginning support, guide]\n\n {and} her of come\u00fe it. \u00feat in euery \u00feing general. yif \u00feat. 2468\n \u00feat men seen any \u00feing \u00feat is i{n}p{er}fit *certys in \u00feilke general\n \u00feer mot ben so{m}me \u00feing \u00feat is p{er}fit.\n [[text printed as shown, but \u201cyif \u00feat. \u00feat\u201d may be an error:\n Skeat edition has only one \u201c\u00feat\u201d]]\n\n [Sidenote: [Chaucer\u2019s gloss upon the Text.]\n [[no closing bracket]]\n\n [Headnote: MEN DO NOT SEEK TRUE FELICITY.]\n [[final . missing or invisible]]\n\n ... in \u00feat \u00feat men may holden\n hym my\u021dty. 3196\n [[text printed as shown, but \u201cin \u00feat \u00feat\u201d may be an error:\n Skeat edition has only one \u201c\u00feat\u201d]]\n\n \u00fee w[or]ste kynde of shrewednesse ne defouli\u00fe nat ne 3436\n entecehi\u00fe nat hem oonly but infecti\u00fe {and} enuenemy\u00fe\n [[text unchanged: expected form \u201centecchi\u00fe\u201d]\n\n ... \u00fean shewe\u00fe 3560\n it clerely \u00feat \u00feilke shrewednesse is wi\u00fe outen ende ...\n [[text printed as shown, but may be an error for \u201cwrecchednesse\u201d\n as in Skeat; sidenote has \u201ceternal misery is infinite\u201d]]\n\n [Sidenote: ... and being unfolded according to time and other\n circumstances, may be called Fate.]\n [[invisible hyphen in \u201ccircumstances\u201d]]\n\n [Sidenote: For there is nothing done for the sake of evil, not even\n by the wicked ...] [[\u201cn\u201d in \u201ceven\u201d invisible]]\n\n [Sidenote: From this source springs that great marvel ...] [[spring]]\n\n [Linenote: 4006 [_world_]--from C.]\n [4006--[_world_]--from C.]\n\n [l. 4423] as \u00feei ben p{ro}destinat.\n [[text unchanged: may be editorial error for \u201cp{re}destinat\u201d\n as in l. 3844]]\n\n [Sidenote: For what falls under the cognisance of the senses and\n imagination cannot be general.]\n [[invisible hyphen in \u201cimagination\u201d]]\n\n [Linenote: 5148 _purposed[e]_--p{ur}posede]\n [[invisible hyphen in \u201cp{ur}posede\u201d]]\n\n_Glossary_\n\n Al\u00feermoste, most of all, 158/4563\n Al\u00feerworste, worst of all, 157/4562\n [[Both are two words in primary text: Al\u00feer moste, Al\u00feer worste]]\n\n Anguissous, anxious, sorrowful, 41/1062, 1066 [41/1062, 1606]\n\n Anoienge, 22/532 [[definition missing]]\n\n Fel, felle, fierce 44/1160\n [[citation \u201c44/1160\u201d supplied by transcriber]]\n\n Taylage, tollage, 181/54 [181/524]","title":"Chaucer's Translation of Boethius's \"De Consolatione Philosophiae\"","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":166486}