{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42474/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42474","id":"gutenberg_42474","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42474","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Mythology -- Dictionaries"],"text":"Transcriber's Note\n\nBold text is marked with equals signs, =like this=.\n\nFor ease of searching, names with a syllabic accent mark have been\nincluded initially without that accent, and all ligatures have been\nexpanded (e.g. \u00e6 has become ae). Further, proper nouns in the main\nbody of the text (but not in the quoted material) have been made\nconsistent where there was either a definite typographic error or\nthere was a clear prevalence of one form over another. A list of\nthese changes may be found at the end of the text.\n\nThere were some instances of valid variable spellings which have been\npreserved as printed in each case. These include: Adrastaea,\nAdrasteia; Dionysus, Dionysius; Galatea, Galataea; Nemean, Nemaean;\nPerithous, Pirithous. The book also uses some archaic spelling, and\nthis is also preserved as printed.\n\n\n\n\n                    1000\n          Mythological Characters\n\n            _Briefly Described_\n\n                 ADAPTED TO\n       PRIVATE SCHOOLS, HIGH SCHOOLS\n               AND ACADEMIES\n\n\n        EDITED WITH INTRODUCTION BY\n           EDWARD S. ELLIS, M.A.\n\n  _Author of \"The Young People's Standard\n     History of the United States\" and\n       \"Common Errors in Writing and\n                Speaking.\"_\n\n\n  COPYRIGHT, 1895, BY THE WOOLFALL COMPANY\n     COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY HINDS & NOBLE\n\n       HINDS, HAYDEN & ELDREDGE, INC.\n       NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO\n\n\n\n\n  [Illustration: Diana\n      _See page 46_]\n\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION.\n\n\nThere are many expressions which, though simple in themselves, must\nforever remain beyond the grasp of human comprehension. Eternity, that\nwhich has neither end nor beginning, baffles the most profound human\nthought. It is impossible to think of a point beyond which there is\nabsolutely nothing, or to imagine the passing of a million years\nwithout bringing us one day or one minute nearer to their close.\nSuppose that one could fix upon the terminal point, we would still\nfancy something beyond that, and then some period still more remote\nwould present itself, and so on _ad infinitum_.\n\nThe same insurmountable difficulty confronts us when we seek to\nimagine a First Cause. God was the beginning, and yet it seems to our\nfinite minds, that something must have brought Him into existence,\nand we conclude that back again of that creating Power must have been\nanother originating cause, and perhaps still another, and so on\nwithout limitation.\n\nAnd yet we know that there must have been a period when everything was\nvoid, or, in other words, when there was nothing. In the awful\ngrandeur of that loneliness, desolation, and chaos, God we know,\nhowever, existed and called the universe into being. All that we, in\nour present finite condition, can ever comprehend of that stupendous\nbirth is contained in the opening of the first chapter of Genesis.\n\nThat is the story of the creation as told by God Himself to His chosen\npeople, the Hebrews, they alone being selected from the nations then\nexisting upon the earth to receive the wonderful revelation.\n\nEvery people, no matter how degraded and sunken in barbarism, has some\nperception, some explanation of, and a more or less well-grounded\nbelief in, a First Cause. Far back among the mists of antiquity, at\nthe remotest beginnings of the shadowy centuries, sits enthroned a\nBeing, who in His infinite might and power brought mankind, the\nuniverse, and all animate and inanimate things into existence, and who\nrewards those of His children who do His will, and punishes those who\ndisobey His commands. That will, as interpreted by believers, is as\nvarious in its application to the conduct of man as are the standards\nof right and wrong among the civilized and even among the barbarous\nnations of to-day. What is virtue with one is vice with the other, as\nbeauty and ugliness of form or feature, being relative terms, are\nopposites with many different peoples.\n\nSince the Greeks and Romans were not among those who received the\ndivine story of creation, they were forced to devise a theory to\nexplain their own existence and account for the origin of all things.\nThe foundation of this theory lay in the marvelous phenomena of nature\naround them. The growth of the mighty tree from the tiny seed, the\nbursting bud and blossom, the changing hues and the fragrance of\nflowers, the alternation of day and night, the flash of the\nrock-rending lightning, the rage of the tempest, the flow of the\nrivers; the towering mountains, the lovely valleys; dew, rain, the\nclouds, and the ever-shifting panorama on every hand; the majestic\nsweep of the blazing worlds through space--all these pointed\nunerringly to a First Cause, which originally launched them into\nbeing, and maintains the constant order of things and the miraculous\nprocession of the planets and the orderly succession of the seasons in\nobedience to laws that know no change.\n\nTo the Greeks and Romans, there was a time more remote than history\ngives us any account of, when there was neither land nor water, and\nwhen the earth and all things within and upon it were \"without form\nand void.\" Over that misty, nebulous mixing and mingling brooded the\ngod Chaos, who shared his throne with Nox, the goddess of night. From\nthis union the innumerable myths gradually sprang up and developed,\nwhich in their own imaginative though often grotesque way explained\nthe various phases of creation. These finally became crystallized into\na literature, or mythology, which has since been the inspiration alike\nof romancers and poets.\n\nThe most learned of mythologists differ in their analysis of the\nmultitude of myths that have descended to us. Their varying analyses,\nhowever, may be separated into two distinct classes or divisions, each\nof which has its own adherents and supporters.\n\nThe first school is that of the philologists, and the second that of\nthe anthropologists, or comparative mythologists.\n\nPhilology relates to the study of language, especially when treated in\na philosophical manner. This school maintains that the myths had their\norigin in a \"disease of the language, as the pearl is a result of a\ndisease of the oyster.\" The key, therefore, to all mythologies, they\nsay, is found in language. The names originally applied to the gods\ngenerally referred to the phenomena of the clouds, winds, rain,\nsunshine, etc. Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, the great languages of\nantiquity, they demonstrate, had their foundation in a single source\nwhich is still older. As further proof of their position, they point\nto the similarity in the most ordinary words in the various languages\nof the same family, and show that they have undergone few or very\ntrifling changes.\n\nThe greatest authority among the philologists claims that during the\n\"first period\" there was a tribe in Central Asia, whose language\nconsisted of one-syllable words, which contained the germs of the\nTuranian, Aryan, and Semitic tongues. This age is termed the Rhematic\nperiod, and was succeeded by the Nomadic or Agglutinative age, during\nwhich the language gradually \"received, once for all, that peculiar\nimpress of their formative system which we still find in all the\ndialects and national idioms comprised under the name of Aryan or\nSemitic,\" which includes over three thousand dialects.\n\nThe same authority follows the Agglutinative period with one\n\"represented everywhere by the same characteristic features, called\nthe Mythological, or Mythopoeic age.\"\n\nAs the name implies, this last-mentioned period saw the evolution and\ndevelopment of mythic lore. As do the American Indians of to-day, so\nprimitive man, in his crude way, explained the operation of physical\nlaws by giving to inanimate objects like passions and sentiments with\nhimself. When the tempest rages, and the crashing lightning splinters\nthe mountain oak, the Indian says that the Great Spirit is angry. When\nnature becomes serene and calm, the Great Spirit is pleased. The\nmalign forces around him, which work ill to the warrior, are, they\nsay, the direct doings of an evil spirit. Even the heavenly bodies are\npersonified, and \"poetry has so far kept alive in our minds the old\nanimative theory of nature, that it is no great effort in us to fancy\nthe waterspout a huge giant or sea-monster, and to depict, in what we\ncall appropriate metaphor, its march across the field of ocean.\"\n\nSince the names of the Greek heroes and gods show a general\ncorrespondence with the Sanskrit appellations of physical things, it\nis comparatively easy to understand many of the first fancies and\nreflections of the earliest men who ever lived. It is the argument of\nthe philologists that these fancies and reflections settled into\ndefinite shape in that far-away period when most of the nations, now\nspread to the remotest corners of the earth, dwelt together and used a\ncommon language. Following the gradual scattering of this single,\nunified people, the language became sensitive to the change, many\nwords not only losing their original meaning, but, in some instances,\nacquiring an opposite significance. Other words, again, in the course\nof time were utterly lost. \"As long as such personified beings as the\nHeaven or the Sun are consciously talked of in mythic language, the\nmeaning of their legends is open to no question, and the action\nascribed to them will, as a rule, be natural and appropriate.\" The\ntime came, however, when these names were considered simply as\napplying to heroes or deities, and amid the jumble and confusion of\nthe succeeding ages it became well-nigh impossible to trace the myths\nback to their original source and meaning. Such is a brief outline of\nthe myth interpretations, as made by the philologists.\n\nAnthropology may be defined as the study of man, considered in his\nentire nature. In explaining mythology, the anthropologists say that\n\"it is man, it is human thought and human language combined, which\nnaturally and necessarily produced the strange conglomerate of ancient\nfable.\" Instead, therefore, of seeking the source of myths in\nlanguage, the second class find it in the \"condition of thought\nthrough which all races have passed.\"\n\nThe argument of the anthropologists is that while all nations have\ncome from one parent-stock, as is claimed also by the philologists,\nyet the various peoples, in their primitive or savage state, have\npassed through a like low intellectual condition and growth. The\nfolk-lore of all countries shows that the savages consider themselves\nof the same nature as beasts, and regard \"even plants, inanimate\nobjects, and the most abstract phenomena as persons with human parts\nand passions.\" Every religion antedating Christianity has inculcated\nthe worship of idols, which usually take the form of beasts, and it\nwill be noted in the study of myths that the gods often assume the\nforms of birds and animals. If it were in our power mentally to become\nsavages for a time, so as to look upon nature and our surroundings as\ndo the Blackfeet Indians, or the Patagonians, or the South Africans,\nit would be a long step toward making clear this particular phase of\nthe question.\n\nFrom what has been stated, however, the young student will gain an\nidea of the meaning of the word \"myth,\" which may be termed a story\nwhose origin can never be known with certainty. To most people it has\nthe same significance as a fable, legendary tale, or fanciful\nfalsehood. A collection of myths belonging to a particular age or\npeople is \"a mythology,\" and the branch of inquiry which classifies\nand interprets them bears the same name.\n\n                                                  E. S. E.\n    November 1st, 1895.\n\n\n\n\nTHE YOUTH'S DICTIONARY OF MYTHOLOGY.\n\n\n=Abas= (A\u02b9bas), a son of Meganira, was turned into a newt, or\nwater-lizard, for deriding the ceremonies of the Sacrifice.\n\n=Absyrtus= (Absy\u02b9rtus). After Jason had slain the dragon which guarded\nthe golden fleece, he fled with Medea, the beautiful young sorceress,\nand daughter of Aeetes, who pursued with great energy, for Medea had\ntaken with her the most precious treasure of the king, his only son\nand heir, Absyrtus. To delay the pursuit, Medea slew her little\nbrother, cut the body in pieces, and dropped them over the side of the\nvessel. Thus the cruel daughter effected her escape.\n\n=Achelous= (Achelo\u02b9us) was a river god, and the rival of Hercules in\nhis love for Deianira. To decide who should have the bride, Hercules\nand Achelous had recourse to a wrestling bout, the fame of which\nextends through all the intervening centuries. In this fierce\nstruggle, Achelous changed himself into the form of a bull and rushed\nupon his antagonist with lowered horns, intending to hurl him aside.\nHercules eluded the onset, and seizing one of the huge horns, held it\nso firmly that it was broken off by the furious efforts of Achelous to\nfree himself. He was defeated, and finally turned himself into a\nriver, which has since been known by his name.\n\n=Acheron= (Ach\u02b9eron) (see \"The Youth's Classical Dictionary\"). The\ncurrent of the river Acheron, across which all souls had to pass to\nhear their decree from Pluto, was so swift that the boldest swimmer\ndare not attempt to breast it; and, since there was no bridge, the\nspirits were obliged to rely upon the aid of Charon, an aged boatman,\nwho plied the only boat that was available. He would allow no soul to\nenter this leaky craft until he had received the obolus, or fare,\nwhich the ancients carefully placed under the tongue of the dead, that\nthey might not be delayed in their passage to Pluto. Those who had not\ntheir fare were forced to wait one hundred years, when Charon\nreluctantly ferried them over without charge.\n\n        \"Infernal rivers that disgorge\n    Into the burning lake their baleful streams\n    ... Sad Acheron, of sorrow black and deep.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Achilles= (Achil\u02b9les) was the most valiant of the Greek heroes in the\nTrojan War. He was the son of Peleus, King of Thessaly. His mother,\nThetis, plunged him, when an infant, into the Stygian pool, which\nmade him invulnerable wherever the waters had washed him; but the heel\nby which he was held was not wetted, and that part remained\nvulnerable. He was shot with an arrow in the heel by Paris, at the\nsiege of Troy, and died of his wound.\n\n=Acidalia= (Acida\u02b9lia), a name given to Venus, from a fountain in\nBoeotia.\n\n=Acis= (A\u02b9cis). A Sicilian shepherd, loved by the nymph Galatea. One\nof the Cyclops who was jealous of him crushed him by hurling a rock on\nhim. Galatea turned his blood into a river--the Acis at the foot of\nMount Etna.\n\n=Actaeon= (Actae\u02b9on) was the son of Aristaeus, a famous huntsman. He\nintruded himself on Diana while she was bathing, and was changed by\nher into a deer, in which form he was hunted by his own dogs and torn\nin pieces.\n\n=Ades= (A\u02b9des), see Hades.\n\n=Adonis= (Ado\u02b9nis), the beautiful attendant of Venus, who held her\ntrain. He was killed by a boar, and turned by Venus into an anemone.\n\n    \"Even as the sun with purple-colored face\n    Had ta'en his last leave of the weeping morn.\n    Rose-cheeked Adonis hied him to the chase;\n    Hunting he loved, but love he laughed to scorn.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Adrastaea= (Adrastae\u02b9a), another name of Nemesis, one of the\ngoddesses of justice.\n\n=Adscriptitii Dii= (Adscripti\u02b9tii Dii) were the gods of the second\ngrade.\n\n=Adversity=, see Echidna.\n\n=Aeacus= (Ae\u02b9acus), one of the judges of hell, with Minos and\nRhadamanthus. See Eacus.\n\n=Aecastor= (Aecas\u02b9tor), an oath used only by women, referring to the\nTemple of Castor.\n\n=Aedepol= (Aed\u02b9epol), an oath used by both men and women, referring to\nthe Temple of Pollux.\n\n=Aeetes= (Aee\u02b9tes), a king of Colchis, and father of Medea.\n\n=Aegeon= (Aege\u02b9on), a giant with fifty heads and one hundred hands,\nwho was imprisoned by Jupiter under Mount Etna. See Briareus.\n\n=Aegis= (Ae\u02b9gis), the shield of Jupiter, so called because it was made\nof goat-skin.\n\n    \"Where was thine Aegis Pallas that appall'd?\"\n                                    Byron.\n\n    \"Tremendous, Gorgon frowned upon its field,\n    And circling terrors filled the expressive shield.\"\n\n    \"Full on the crest the Gorgon's head they place,\n    With eyes that roll in death, and with distorted face.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Aegle= (Ae\u02b9gle). The fairest of the Naiads.\n\n=Aello= (Ael\u02b9lo), the name of one of the Harpies.\n\n=Aeneas= (Aene\u02b9as) was the son of Anchises and Venus. He was one of\nthe few great captains who escaped the destruction of Troy. He behaved\nwith great valor during the siege, encountering Diomed, and even\nAchilles himself. When the Grecians had set the city on fire Aeneas\ntook his aged father, Anchises, on his shoulders, while his son,\nAscanius, and his wife Creusa, clung to his garments. He saved them\nall from the flames. After wandering about during several years,\nencountering numerous difficulties, he at length arrived in Italy,\nwhere he was hospitably received by Latinus, king of the Latins. After\nthe death of Latinus Aeneas became king.\n\n    \"His back, or rather burthen, showed\n    As if it stooped with its load;\n    For as Aeneas bore his sire\n    Upon his shoulders through the fire,\n    Our knight did bear no less a pack\n    Of his own buttocks on his back.\"\n                                    Butler.\n\n=Aeolus= (Aeo\u02b9lus) was the god of the winds. Jupiter was his reputed\nfather, and his mother is said to have been a daughter of Hippotus.\nAeolus is represented as having the power of holding the winds\nconfined in a cavern, and occasionally giving them liberty to blow\nover the world. So much command was he supposed to have over them that\nwhen Ulysses visited him on his return from Troy he gave him, tied up\nin a bag, all the winds that could prevent his voyage from being\nprosperous. The companions of Ulysses, fancying that the bag contained\ntreasure, cut it open just as they came in sight of Ithaca, the port\nthey were making for, and the contrary winds rushing out drove back\nthe ship many leagues. The residence of Aeolus was at Strongyle, now\ncalled Strombolo.\n\n          \"Aeolus from his airy throne\n    With power imperial curbs the struggling winds,\n    And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds.\"\n                                    Dryden.\n\n=Aesculapius= (Aescula\u02b9pius), the god of physic, was a son of Apollo.\nHe was physician to the Argonauts in their famous expedition to\nColchis. He became so noted for his cures that Pluto became jealous of\nhim, and he requested Jupiter to kill him with a thunderbolt. To\nrevenge his son's death Apollo slew the Cyclops who had forged the\nthunderbolt. By his marriage with Epione he had two sons, Machaon and\nPodalirius, both famous physicians, and four daughters, of whom\nHygeia, the goddess of health, is the most renowned. Many temples were\nerected in honor of Aesculapius, and votive tablets were hung therein\nby people who had been healed by him; but his most famous shrine was\nat Epidaurus, where, every five years, games were held in his honor.\nThis god is variously represented, but the most famous statue shows\nhim seated on a throne of gold and ivory. His head is crowned with\nrays, and he wears a long beard. A knotty stick is in one hand, and a\nstaff entwined with a serpent is in the other, while a dog lies at his\nfeet.\n\n    \"Thou that dost Aesculapius deride,\n    And o'er his gallipots in triumph ride.\"\n                                    Fenton.\n\n=Aeson= (Ae\u02b9son) was father of Jason, and was restored to youth by\nMedea.\n\n=Agamemnon= (Agamem\u02b9non) was the son of Plisthenes and brother of\nMenelaus. He was king of the Argives. His brother's wife was the\nfamous Helen, daughter of Tyndarus, king of Sparta; and when she\neloped with Paris, Agamemnon was appointed leader of the Greeks in\ntheir expedition against Troy.\n\n=Aganippides= (Aganip\u02b9pides), a name of the Muses, derived from the\nfountain of Aganippe.\n\n=Agineus= (Agine\u02b9us), see Apollo.\n\n=Aglaia= (Agla\u02b9ia) was one of the Three Graces.\n\n=Agni= (Ag\u02b9ni). The Hindoo god of lightning.\n\n=Ajax= (A\u02b9jax) was one of the bravest of the Greek warriors in the\nTrojan War. His father was Telamon, and his mother Eriboea. Some\nwriters say that he was killed by Ulysses; others aver that he was\nslain by Paris; while others again assert that he went mad after being\ndefeated by Ulysses, and killed himself. Another Ajax, son of Oileus,\nalso took a prominent part in the Trojan War.\n\n=Alcestis= (Alces\u02b9tis), wife of Admetus, who, to save her husband's\nlife, died in his stead, and was restored to life by Hercules.\n\n=Alcides= (Alci\u02b9des), one of the names of Hercules.\n\n=Alcmena= (Alcme\u02b9na), the mother of Hercules, was daughter of\nElectryon, a king of Argos.\n\n=Alecto= (Alec\u02b9to) was one of the Furies. She is depicted as having\nserpents instead of hair on her head, and was supposed to breed\npestilence wherever she went.\n\n=Alectryon= (Alec\u02b9tryon), a servant of Mars, who was changed by him\ninto a cock because he did not warn his master of the rising of the\nsun.\n\n=Alfadur= (Al\u02b9fadur), in Scandinavian Mythology the Supreme\nBeing--Father of all.\n\n=Alma Mammosa= (Al\u02b9ma Mammo\u02b9sa), a name of Ceres.\n\n=Alpheus= (Alphe\u02b9us), a river god. See Arethusa.\n\n=Altar.= A structure on which a sacrifice was offered. The earliest\naltars were merely heaps of earth or turf or rough unhewn stone; but\nas the mode of sacrificing became more ceremonious grander altars were\nbuilt. Some were of marble and brass, ornamented with carvings and\nbas-reliefs, and the corners with models of the heads of animals. They\nvaried in height from two feet to twenty, and some were built solid;\nothers were made hollow to retain the blood of the victims. Some were\nprovided with a kind of dish, into which frankincense was thrown to\noverpower the smell of burning fat. This probably was the origin of\nthe custom of burning incense at the altar.\n\n=Amalthaea= (Amal\u02b9thae\u02b9a), the goat which nourished Jupiter.\n\n=Amazons= (Am\u02b9azons) were a nation of women-soldiers who lived in\nScythia. Hercules totally defeated them, and gave Hippolyte, their\nqueen, to Theseus for a wife. The race seems to have been exterminated\nafter this battle.\n\n  [Illustration: Amazon\n      _See page 20_]\n\n=Ambarvalia= (Ambarva\u02b9lia) were festivals in honor of Ceres,\ninstituted by Roman husbandmen to purge their fields. At the spring\nfestival the head of each family led an animal, usually a pig or ram,\ndecked with oak boughs, round his grounds, and offered milk and new\nwine. After harvest there was another festival, at which Ceres was\npresented with the first-fruits of the season. See Ceres.\n\n=Amber=, see Heliades.\n\n=Ambrosia= (Ambro\u02b9sia) were Bacchanalian festivals.\n\n=Amica= (Ami\u02b9ca), a name of Venus.\n\n=Amphion= (Amphi\u02b9on) was the son of Jupiter and Antiope. He was\ngreatly skilled in music; and it is said that, at the sound of his\nlute, the stones arranged themselves so regularly as to make the walls\nof the city of Thebes.\n\n    \"Amphion, too, as story goes, could call\n    Obedient stones to make the Theban wall.\"\n                                    Horace.\n\n    \"New walls to Thebes, Amphion thus began.\"\n                                    William King.\n\n    \"Such strains I sing as once Amphion played,\n    When list'ning flocks the powerful call obeyed.\"\n                                    Elphinston.\n\n=Amphitrite= (Amphitri\u02b9te) (or =Salatia=), the wife of Neptune, was a\ndaughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She was the mother of Triton, a sea\ngod.\n\n    \"His weary chariot sought the bowers\n    Of Amphitrite and her tending nymphs.\"\n                                    Thomson.\n\n=Amycus= (Amy\u02b9cus) was king of Bebrycia. He was a son of Neptune, and\nwas killed by Pollux.\n\n=Ancaeus= (Ancae\u02b9us). A son of Neptune, who left a cup of wine to hunt\na wild boar which killed him, and the wine was untasted. This was the\norigin of the proverb--\"There's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip.\"\n\n=Ancilia= (Ancil\u02b9ia), the twelve sacred shields. The first Ancile was\nsupposed to have fallen from heaven in answer to the prayer of Numa\nPompilius. It was kept with the greatest care, as it was prophesied\nthat the fate of the Roman people would depend upon its preservation.\nAn order of priesthood was established to take care of the Ancilia,\nand on 1st March each year the shields were carried in procession, and\nin the evening there was a great feast, called Coena Saliaris.\n\n=Andromeda= (Androm\u02b9eda), the daughter of Cepheus, king of the\nEthiopians, was wife of Perseus, by whom she was rescued when she was\nchained to a rock and was about to be devoured by a sea-monster.\n\n=Anemone= (Anem\u02b9one). Venus changed Adonis into this flower.\n\n=Angeronia= (Angero\u02b9nia), otherwise Volupia, was the goddess who had\nthe power of dispelling anguish of mind.\n\n=Anna Perenna= (Anna Peren\u02b9na), one of the rural divinities.\n\n=Antaeus= (Antae\u02b9us), a giant who was vanquished by Hercules. Each\ntime that Hercules threw him the giant gained fresh strength from\ntouching the earth, so Hercules lifted him off the ground and squeezed\nhim to death.\n\n=Anteros= (An\u02b9teros), one of the two Cupids, sons of Venus.\n\n=Anticlea= (Antic\u02b9lea), the mother of Ulysses.\n\n=Antiope= (Anti\u02b9ope) was the wife of Lycus, King of Thebes. Jupiter,\ndisguised as a satyr, led her astray and corrupted her.\n\n=Anubis= (Anu\u02b9bis) (or Hermanubis (Herman\u02b9ubis)). \"A god half a dog, a\ndog half a man.\" Called _Barker_ by Virgil and other poets.\n\n=Aonides= (Aon\u02b9ides), a name of the Muses, from the country Aonia.\n\n=Apaturia= (Apatur\u02b9ia), an Athenian festival, which received its name\nfrom a Greek word signifying deceit.\n\n=Aphrodite= (Aph\u02b9rodi\u02b9te), a Greek name of Venus.\n\n=Apis=, a name given to Jupiter by the inhabitants of the Lower Nile.\nAlso the miraculous ox, worshiped in Egypt.\n\n=Apis= (A\u02b9pis), King of Argivia. Afterward called Serapis, the\ngreatest god of the Egyptians.\n\n=Apollo= (Apol\u02b9lo). This famous god, some time King of Arcadia, was\nthe son of Jupiter and Latona. He was known by several names, but\nprincipally by the following:--Sol (the sun); Cynthius, from the\nmountain called Cynthus in the Isle of Delos, and this same island\nbeing his native place obtained for him the name of Delius;\nDelphinius, from his occasionally assuming the shape of a dolphin. His\nname of Delphicus was derived from his connection with the splendid\nTemple at Delphi, where he uttered the famous oracles. Some writers\nrecord that this oracle became dumb when Jesus Christ was born. Other\ncommon names of Apollo were Didymaeus, Nomius, Paean, and Phoebus. The\nGreeks called him Agineus, because the streets were under his\nguardianship, and he was called Pythius from having killed the serpent\nPython. Apollo is usually represented as a handsome young man without\nbeard, crowned with laurel, and having in one hand a bow, and in the\nother a lyre. The favorite residence of Apollo was on Mount Parnassus,\na mountain of Phocis, in Greece, where he presided over the Muses.\nApollo was the accredited father of several children, but the two most\nrenowned were Aesculapius and Phaeton.\n\n    \"Wilt thou have music? Hark! Apollo plays.\n    And twenty cag\u00ebd nightingales do sing.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Apotheosis= (Apothe\u02b9osis). The consecration of a god. The ceremony of\ndeification.\n\n=Arachne= (Arach\u02b9ne), a Lydian princess, who challenged Minerva to a\nspinning contest, but Minerva struck her on the head with a spindle,\nand turned her into a spider.\n\n        \"... So her disemboweled web,\n    Arachne, in a hall or kitchen spreads.\n    Obvious to vagrant flies.\"\n                                    John Phillips.\n\n=Arcadia= (Arca\u02b9dia), a delightful country in the center of\nPeloponnessus, a favorite place of the gods. Apollo was reputed to\nhave been King of Arcadia.\n\n=Arcas= (Ar\u02b9cas), a son of Calisto, was turned into a he-bear; and\nafterward into the constellation called Ursa Minor.\n\n=Archer=, see Chiron.\n\n=Areopagitae= (Areop\u02b9agi\u02b9tae), the judges who sat at the Areopagus.\n\n=Areopagus= (Areop\u02b9agus), the hill at Athens where Mars was tried for\nmurder before twelve of the gods.\n\n=Ares= (A\u02b9res). The same as Mars, the god of war.\n\n=Arethusa= (Arethu\u02b9sa) was one of the nymphs of Diana. She fled from\nAlpheus, a river god, and was enabled to escape by being turned by\nDiana into a rivulet which ran underground. She was as virtuous as she\nwas beautiful.\n\n=Argonauts= (Ar\u02b9gonauts). This name was given to the fifty heroes who\nsailed to Colchis in the ship Argo, under the command of Jason, to\nfetch the Golden Fleece.\n\n=Argus= (Ar\u02b9gus) was a god who had a hundred eyes which slept and\nwatched by turns. He was charged by Juno to watch Io, but, being slain\nby Mercury, was changed by Juno into a peacock.\n\n=Ariadne= (Ariad\u02b9ne), daughter of Minos, King of Crete. After enabling\nTheseus to get out of the Labyrinth by means of a clew of thread, she\nfled with him to Naxos, where he ungratefully deserted her; but\nBacchus wooed her and married her, and the crown of seven stars which\nhe gave her was turned into a constellation.\n\n=Arion= (Ari\u02b9on) was a famous lyric poet of Methymna, in the Island of\nLesbos, where he gained great riches by his art. There is a pretty\nfable which has made the name of Arion famous. Once when traveling\nfrom Lesbos his companions robbed him, and proposed to throw him into\nthe sea. He entreated the seamen to let him play upon his harp before\nthey threw him overboard, and he played so sweetly that the dolphins\nflocked round the vessel. He then threw himself into the sea, and one\nof the dolphins took him up and carried him to Taenarus, near Corinth.\nFor this act the dolphin was raised to heaven as a constellation.\n\n=Aristaeus= (Aristae\u02b9us), son of Apollo and Cyrene, was the god of\ntrees; he also taught mankind the use of honey, and how to get oil\nfrom olives. He was a celebrated hunter. His most famous son was\nActaeon.\n\n=Armata= (Arma\u02b9ta), one of the names of Venus, given to her by\nSpartan women.\n\n=Artemis= (Ar\u02b9temis). This was the Grecian name of Diana, and the\nfestivals at Delphi were called Artemisia.\n\n=Arts and Sciences=, see Muses.\n\n=Aruspices= (Arus\u02b9pices), sacrificial priests.\n\n=Ascalaphus= (Ascal\u02b9aphus) was changed into an owl, the harbinger of\nmisfortune, by Ceres, because he informed Pluto that Proserpine had\npartaken of food in the infernal regions, and thus prevented her\nreturn to earth.\n\n=Ascanius= (Asca\u02b9nius), the son of Aeneas and Creusa.\n\n=Ascolia= (Ascol\u02b9ia), Bacchanalian feasts, from a Greek word meaning a\nleather bottle. The bottles were used in the games to jump on.\n\n=Asopus= (Aso\u02b9pus). A son of Jupiter, who was killed by one of his\nfather's thunderbolts.\n\n=Assabinus= (Assabi\u02b9nus), the Ethiopian name of Jupiter.\n\n=Ass's ears=, see Midas.\n\n=Astarte= (Astar\u02b9te), one of the Eastern names of Venus.\n\n=Asteria= (Aste\u02b9ria), daughter of Caeus, was carried away by Jupiter,\nwho assumed the shape of an eagle.\n\n=Astrea= (Astre\u02b9a), mother of Nemesis, was the goddess of justice; she\nreturned to heaven when the earth became corrupt.\n\n      \"... Chaste Astrea fled,\n    And sought protection in her native sky.\"\n                                    John Hughes.\n\n=Atalanta= (Atalan\u02b9ta) was daughter of Caeneus. The oracle told her\nthat marriage would be fatal to her, but, being very beautiful, she\nhad many suitors. She was a very swift runner, and, to get rid of her\nadmirers, she promised to marry any one of them who should outstrip\nher in a race, but that all who were defeated should be slain.\nHippomenes, however, with the aid of Venus, was successful. That\ngoddess gave him three golden apples, one of which he dropped whenever\nAtalanta caught up to him in the race. She stopped to pick them up,\nand he was victorious and married her. They were both afterward turned\ninto lions by Cybele, for profaning her temple.\n\n=Ate= (A\u02b9te). The goddess of revenge, also called the goddess of\ndiscord and all evil. She was banished from heaven by her father\nJupiter.\n\n    \"With Ate by his side come hot from hell.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Athena= (Athe\u02b9na), a name obtained by Minerva as the tutelary goddess\nof Athens.\n\n=Atlas=, was King of Mauritania, now Morocco, in Africa. He\nwas also a great astronomer. He is depicted with the globe on his\nback, his name signifying great toil or labor. For his inhospitality\nto Perseus that king changed him into the mountain which bears his\nname of Atlas. A chain of mountains in Africa is called after him, and\nso is the Atlantic Ocean. He had seven daughters by his wife Pleione,\nthey were called by one common name, Pleiades; and by his wife Aethra\nhe had seven more, who were, in the same manner, called Hyades. Both\nthe Pleiades and the Hyades are celestial constellations.\n\n=Atreus= (At\u02b9reus), the type of fraternal hatred. His dislike of his\nbrother Thyestes went to the extent of killing and roasting his\nnephews, and inviting their father to a feast, which Thyestes thought\nwas a sign of reconciliation, but he was the victim of his brother's\ndetestable cruelty.\n\n    \"Media must not draw her murdering knife,\n    Nor Atreus there his horrid feast prepare.\"\n                                    Lord Roscommon.\n\n=Atropos= (At\u02b9ropos), one of the three sisters called The Fates, who\nheld the shears ready to cut the thread of life.\n\n=Atys= (A\u02b9tys), son of Croesus, was born dumb, but when in a fight he\nsaw a soldier about to kill the king he gained speech, and cried out,\n\"Save the king!\" and the string that held his tongue was broken.\n\n=Atys= (A\u02b9tys) was a youth beloved by Aurora, and was slain by her\nfather, but, according to Ovid, was afterward turned into a pine-tree.\n\n=Augaeas= (Aug\u02b9aeas), a king of Elis, the owner of the stable which\nHercules cleansed after three thousand oxen had been kept in it for\nthirty years. It was cleansed by turning the river Alpheus through it.\nAugaeas promised to give Hercules a tenth part of his cattle for his\ntrouble but, for neglecting to keep his promise, Hercules slew him.\n\n=Augury= (Au\u02b9gury). This was a means adopted by the Romans of forming\na judgment of futurity by the flight of birds, and the officiating\npriest was called an augur.\n\n=Aurora= (Auro\u02b9ra), the goddess of the morning,\n\n    \"Whose rosy fingers ope the gates of day.\"\n\nShe was daughter of Sol, the sun, and was the mother of the stars and\nwinds. She is represented as riding in a splendid golden chariot drawn\nby white horses. The goddess loved Tithonus, and begged the gods to\ngrant him immortality, but forgot to ask at the same time that he\nshould not get old and decrepit. See Tithonus.\n\n    \"... So soon as the all-cheering sun\n    Should, in the farthest east, begin to draw\n    The shady curtains of Aurora's bed.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Auster= (Aus\u02b9ter), the south wind, a son of Jupiter.\n\n=Avernus= (Aver\u02b9nus), a poisonous lake, referred to by poets as being\nat the entrance of the infernal regions, but it was really a lake in\nCampania, in Italy.\n\n=Averruncus Deus= (Averrun\u02b9cus Deus), a Roman god, who could divert\npeople from evil-doing.\n\n=Axe=, see Daedalus.\n\n\n=Baal= (Ba\u02b9al), a god of the Phoenicians.\n\n=Baal-Peor= (Ba\u02b9al-Pe\u02b9or), a Moabitish god, associated with\nlicentiousness and obscenity. The modern name is Belphegor.\n\n=Babes=, see Rumia Dea.\n\n=Bacchantes= (Bac\u02b9chantes). The priestesses of Bacchus.\n\n=Bacchus= (Bac\u02b9chus), the god of wine, was the son of Jupiter and\nSemele. He is said to have married Ariadne, daughter of Minos, King of\nCrete, after she was deserted by Theseus. The most distinguished of\nhis children is Hymen, the god of marriage. Bacchus is sometimes\nreferred to under the names of Dionysius, Biformis, Brisaeus, Iacchus,\nLenaeus, Lyceus, Liber, and Liber Pater, the symbol of liberty. The\ngod of wine is usually represented as crowned with vine and ivy\nleaves. In his left hand is a thyrsus, a kind of javelin, having a fir\ncone for the head, and being encircled with ivy or vine. His chariot\nis drawn by lions, tigers, or panthers.\n\n    \"Jolly Bacchus, god of pleasure,\n    Charmed the world with drink and dances.\"\n                                    T. Parnell, 1700.\n\n=Balios= (Ba\u02b9lios). A famous horse given by Neptune to Peleus as a\nwedding present, and was afterward given to Achilles.\n\n=Barker=, see Anubis.\n\n=Bassarides= (Bassar\u02b9ides). The priestesses of Bacchus were sometimes\nso called.\n\n=Battle=, see Valhalla.\n\n=Bear=, see Calisto.\n\n=Beauty=, see Venus.\n\n=Bees=, see Mellona.\n\n=Belisama= (Belisa\u02b9ma), a goddess of the Gauls. The name means the\nQueen of Heaven.\n\n=Bellerophon= (Beller\u02b9ophon), a hero who destroyed a monster called\nthe Chimaera.\n\n=Bellona= (Bello\u02b9na), the goddess of war, and wife of Mars. The 24th\nMarch was called Bellona's Day, when her votaries cut themselves with\nknives and drank the blood of the sacrifice.\n\n    \"In Dirae's and in Discord's steps Bellona treads,\n    And shakes her iron rod above their heads.\"\n\n=Belphegor= (Belphe\u02b9gor), see Baal-Peor.\n\n=Belus= (Be\u02b9lus). The Chaldean name of the sun.\n\n=Berecynthia= (Berecyn\u02b9thia), a name of Cybele, from a mountain where\nshe was worshiped.\n\n=Biformis= (Bi\u02b9formis), a name of Bacchus, because he was accounted\nboth bearded and beardless.\n\n=Birds=, see Augury.\n\n=Births=, see Lucina and Levana.\n\n=Blacksmith=, see Brontes and Vulcan.\n\n=Blind=, see Thamyris.\n\n=Blue eyes=, see Glaukopis.\n\n=Bona Dea= (Bo\u02b9na De\u02b9a). \"The bountiful goddess,\" whose festival was\ncelebrated by the Romans with much magnificence. See Ceres.\n\n=Bonus Eventus= (Bo\u02b9nus Even\u02b9tus). The god of good success, a rural\ndivinity.\n\n=Boreas= (Bo\u02b9reas), the north wind, son of Astraeus and Aurora.\n\n      \"... I snatched her from the rigid north,\n    Her native bed, on which bleak Boreas blew,\n    And bore her nearer to the sun....\"\n                                    Young, 1710.\n\n=Boundaries=, see Terminus.\n\n=Boxing=, see Pollux.\n\n=Brahma= (Brah\u02b9ma). The great Indian deity, represented with four\nheads looking to the four quarters of the globe.\n\n=Briareus= (Bri\u02b9areus), a famous giant. See Aegeon.\n\n=Brisaeus= (Bris\u02b9aeus). A name of Bacchus, referring to the use of\ngrapes and honey.\n\n=Brontes= (Bront\u02b9es), one of the Cyclops. He is the personification of\na blacksmith.\n\n=Bubona= (Bubo\u02b9na), goddess of herdsmen, one of the rural divinities.\n\n=Buddha= (Bud\u02b9dha). Primitively, a pagan deity, the Vishnu of the\nHindoos.\n\n=Byblis= (Byb\u02b9lis). A niece of Sol, mentioned by Ovid. She shed so\nmany tears for unrequited love that she was turned into a fountain.\n\n    \"Thus the Phoebeian Byblis, spent in tears,\n    Becomes a living fountain, which yet bears\n    Her name.\"\n                                    Ovid.\n\n\n=Cabiri= (Cab\u02b9iri). The mysterious rites connected with the worship of\nthese deities were so obscene that most writers refer to them as\nsecrets which it was unlawful to reveal.\n\n=Cacodaemon= (Cac\u02b9odae\u02b9mon). The Greek name of an evil spirit.\n\n=Cacus= (Ca\u02b9cus), a three-headed monster and robber.\n\n=Cadmus= (Cad\u02b9mus), one of the earliest of the Greek demi-gods. He was\nthe reputed inventor of letters, and his alphabet consisted of sixteen\nletters. It was Cadmus who slew the Boeotian dragon, and sowed its\nteeth in the ground, from each of which sprang up an armed man.\n\n=Caduceus= (Cadu\u02b9ceus). The rod carried by Mercury. It has two winged\nserpents entwined round the top end. It was supposed to possess the\npower of producing sleep, and Milton refers to it in _Paradise Lost_\nas the \"opiate rod.\"\n\n=Calisto= (Calis\u02b9to), an Arcadian nymph, who was turned into a\nshe-bear by Jupiter. In that form she was hunted by her son Arcas, who\nwould have killed her had not Jupiter turned him into a he-bear. The\nnymph and her son form the constellations known as the Great Bear and\nLittle Bear.\n\n=Calliope= (Calli\u02b9ope). The Muse who presided over epic poetry and\nrhetoric. She is generally depicted using a stylus and wax tablets,\nthe ancient writing materials.\n\n=Calpe= (Cal\u02b9pe). One of the pillars of Hercules.\n\n=Calypso= (Calyp\u02b9so) was queen of the island of Ogygia, on which\nUlysses was wrecked, and where he was persuaded to remain seven years.\n\n=Cama= (Ca\u02b9ma). The Indian god of love and marriage.\n\n=Camillus= (Camil\u02b9lus), a name of Mercury, from his office of minister\nto the gods.\n\n=Canache= (Can\u02b9ache). The name of one of Actaeon's hounds.\n\n=Canopus= (Cano\u02b9pus). The Egyptian god of water, the conqueror of\nfire.\n\n=Capis= (Cap\u02b9is) or =Capula= (Cap\u02b9ula). A peculiar cup with ears, used\nin drinking the health of the deities.\n\n=Capitolinus= (Capitoli\u02b9nus). A name of Jupiter, from the Capitoline\nhill, on the top of which a temple was built and dedicated to him.\n\n=Capripedes= (Cap\u02b9ri\u02b9pedes). Pan, the Egipans, the Satyrs, and Fauns,\nwere so called from having goat's feet.\n\n=Caprotina= (Caproti\u02b9na). A name of Juno.\n\n=Cassandra= (Cassan\u02b9dra), a daughter of Priam and Hecuba, who was\ngranted by Apollo the power of seeing into futurity, but having\noffended that god he prevented people from believing her predictions.\n\n=Cassiopeia= (Cassiope\u02b9ia). The Ethiopian queen who set her beauty in\ncomparison with that of the Nereides, who thereupon chained her to a\nrock and left her to be devoured by a sea-monster, but she was\ndelivered by Perseus. See Andromeda.\n\n=Castalia= (Casta\u02b9lia). One of the fountains in Mount Parnassus,\nsacred to the Muses.\n\n=Castalides= (Casta\u02b9li\u02b9des), a name of the Muses, from the fountain\nCastalia or Castalius.\n\n=Castor= (Cas\u02b9tor), son of Jupiter and Leda, twin brother of Pollux,\nnoted for his skill in horsemanship. He went with Jason in quest of\nthe Golden Fleece.\n\n=Cauther= (Cau\u02b9ther), in Mohammedan mythology, is the lake of\nparadise, whose waters are as sweet as honey, as cold as snow, and as\nclear as crystal; and any believer who tastes thereof is said to\nthirst no more.\n\n=Celeno= (Cel\u02b9eno) was one of the Harpies, progenitor of Zephyrus, the\nwest wind.\n\n=Centaur= (Cen\u02b9taur). A huntsman who had the forepart like a man, and\nthe remainder of the body like a horse. The Centauri lived in\nThessaly.\n\n=Cephalus= (Cep\u02b9halus) was married to Procris, whom he accidentally\nslew by shooting her while she was secretly watching him, he thinking\nshe was a wild beast. Cephalus was the type of constancy.\n\n=Ceraunius= (Cerau\u02b9nius). A Greek name of Jupiter, meaning The\nFulminator, from his thunderbolts.\n\n=Cerberus= (Cer\u02b9berus). Pluto's famous three-headed dog, which guarded\nthe gate of the infernal regions, preventing the living from entering,\nand the inhabitants from going out.\n\n    \"Three-headed Cerberus, by fate\n    Posted at Pluto's iron gate;\n    Low crouching rolls his haggard eyes,\n    Ecstatic, and foregoes his prize.\"\n\n=Ceremonies=, see Themis.\n\n  [Illustration: Apollo Belvedere\n      _See page 23_]\n\n=Ceres= (Ce\u02b9res), daughter of Saturn, the goddess of agriculture, and\nof the fruits of the earth. She taught Triptolemus how to grow corn,\nand sent him to teach the inhabitants of the earth. She was known by\nthe names of Magna Dea, Bona Dea, Alma Mammosa, and Thesmorphonis.\nCeres was the mother of Proserpine. See Ambarvalia.\n\n    \"To Ceres bland, her annual rites be paid\n    On the green turf beneath the fragrant shade.--\n    ... Let all the hinds bend low at Ceres' shrine,\n    Mix honey sweet for her with milk and mellow wine,\n    Thrice lead the victim the new fruits around,\n    On Ceres call, and choral hymns resound.\"\n\n    \"Ceres was she who first our furrows plowed,\n    Who gave sweet fruits and every good allowed.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Cestus= (Ces\u02b9tus), the girdle of Venus, which excited irresistible\naffection.\n\n=Chaos= (Cha\u02b9os) allegorically represented the confused mass of matter\nsupposed to have existed before the creation of the world, and out of\nwhich the world was formed.\n\n                    \"... Behold the throne\n    Of Chaos, and his dark pavilion spread\n    Wide on the wasteful deep; with him enthroned\n    Sat sable-vested Night, eldest of all things,\n    The consort of his reign.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Charon= (Char\u02b9on) was the son of Nox and Erebus. He was the ferryman\nwho conveyed the spirits of the dead, in a boat, over the rivers\nAcheron and Styx to the Elysian Fields. \"Charon's toll\" was a coin\nput into the hands of the dead with which to pay the grim ferryman.\n\n    \"From the dark mansions of the dead,\n    Where Charon with his lazy boat\n    Ferries o'er Lethe's sedgy moat.\"\n\n=Charybdis= (Charyb\u02b9dis). A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of\nSicily. Personified, it was supposed to have been a woman who\nplundered travelers, but was at last killed by Hercules. Scylla and\nCharybdis are generally spoken of together to represent alternative\ndangers.\n\n    \"Charybdis barks, and Polyphemus roars.\"\n                                    Francis.\n\n=Chemos= (Che\u02b9mos). The Moabitish god of war.\n\n=Children=, see Nundina.\n\n=Chimaera= (Chimae\u02b9ra). A wild illusion, personified in the monster\nslain by Bellerophon. It had the head and breast of a lion, the body\nof a goat, and the tail of a serpent. It used to vomit fire.\n\n                \"... And on the craggy top\n    Chimera dwells, with lion's face and mane,\n    A goat's rough body and a serpent's train.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n    \"First, dire Chimera's conquest was enjoined,\n    A mingled monster of no mortal kind.\n    Behind, a dragon's fiery tail was spread,\n    A goat's rough body bore a lion's head,\n    Her pitchy nostrils flaky flames expire,\n    Her gaping throat emits infernal fire.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Chiron= (Chi\u02b9ron), the centaur who taught Achilles hunting, music,\nand the use of medicinal herbs. Jupiter placed him among the stars,\nwhere he appears as Sagittarius, the Archer.\n\n=Chloris= (Chlo\u02b9ris). The Greek name of Flora, the goddess of flowers.\n\n=Chou.= An Egyptian god corresponding to the Roman Hercules.\n\n=Chronos= (Chro\u02b9nos). Time, the Grecian name of Saturn.\n\n=Cillaros= (Cil\u02b9laros), see Cyllaros.\n\n=Circe= (Cir\u02b9ce), daughter of the Sun. The knowledge of poisonous\nherbs enabled her to destroy her husband, the King of the Sarmatians,\nfor which act she was banished. When Ulysses landed at Aeaea, where\nshe lived, she turned all his followers into swine.\n\n=Cisseta= (Cisse\u02b9ta). The name of one of Actaeon's hounds.\n\n=Citherides= (Cither\u02b9ides). A name of the Muses, from Mount Citheron.\n\n=Clio= (Cli\u02b9o). One of the Muses, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne.\nShe presided over history.\n\n=Cloacina= (Cloaci\u02b9na). The Roman goddess of sewers.\n\n=Clotho= (Clo\u02b9tho) was one of the Fates. She was present at births,\nand held the distaff from which was spun the thread of life. See\nAtropos and Lachesis.\n\n=Clowns of Lycia, The= (Ly\u02b9cia), were changed into frogs by Latona,\nbecause they refused to allow her to drink at one of their streamlets.\n\n=Cluacina= (Clu\u02b9aci\u02b9na). A name of Venus, given to her at the time of\nthe reconciliation of the Romans and the Sabines, which was ratified\nnear a statue of the goddess.\n\n=Clytemnestra= (Cly\u02b9temnes\u02b9tra), wife of Agamemnon, slew her husband\nand married Aegisthus. She attempted to kill her son Orestes, but he\nwas delivered by his sister Electra, who sent him away to Strophius.\nHe afterward returned and slew both Clytemnestra and Aegisthus.\n\n=Clytie= (Clyt\u02b9ie). A nymph who got herself changed into a sunflower\nbecause her love of Apollo was unrequited. In the form of this flower\nshe is still supposed to be turning toward Sol, a name of Apollo.\n\n=Cneph.= In Egyptian mythology the creator of the universe.\n\n=Cocytus= (Cocy\u02b9tus), the river of Lamentation. One of the five rivers\nof the infernal regions.\n\n              \"Infernal rivers that disgorge\n    Into the burning lake their baleful streams.\n    ... Cocytus, named of lamentation loud.\n    Heard on the rueful stream.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Coeculus= (Coe\u02b9culus), a violent robber, was a son of Vulcan.\n\n=Coelus= (Coe\u02b9lus), also called Uranus (or Heaven), was the most\nancient of the gods.\n\n=Coena Saliaris= (Coe\u02b9na Salia\u02b9ris), see Ancilia.\n\n=Collina= (Colli\u02b9na) was one of the rural deities, the goddess of\nhills.\n\n=Comedy=, see Thalia.\n\n=Comus= (Co\u02b9mus) was the god of revelry. He presided over\nentertainments and feasts.\n\n=Concord= (Con\u02b9cord). The symbol of Concord was two right hands\njoined, and a pomegranate.\n\n=Concordia= (Concor\u02b9dia). The goddess of peace. One of the oldest\nRoman goddesses. She is represented as holding a horn of plenty in one\nhand, and in the other a scepter, from which fruit is sprouting forth.\n\n=Constancy=, see Cephalus.\n\n=Consualia= (Consu\u02b9alia). Games sacred to Neptune.\n\n=Consus= (Con\u02b9sus). A name given to Neptune as being the god of\ncounsel.\n\n=Cophetua= (Cophe\u02b9tua). A legendary king of Africa, who disliked\nwomen, but ultimately fell in love with a \"beggar-maid,\" as mentioned\nin _Romeo and Juliet_.\n\n    \"... Cupid, he that shot so trim\n    When King Cophetua loved the beggar-maid.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Copia= (Co\u02b9pia), the goddess of plenty.\n\n=Coran= (Co\u02b9ran). One of Actaeon's hounds was so named.\n\n=Corn=, see Ceres.\n\n=Coronis= (Cor\u02b9onis), was a consort of Apollo and mother of\nAesculapius. Another Coronis was daughter of a king of Phocis, and was\nchanged by Athena into a crow.\n\n=Corybantes= (Coryban\u02b9tes) were priests of Cybele. They obtained the\nname because they were in the habit of striking themselves in their\ndances.\n\n=Corydon= (Cory\u02b9don). A silly love-sick swain mentioned by Virgil.\n\n=Corythaix= (Cory\u02b9thaix). A name given to Mars, meaning Shaker of the\nHelmet.\n\n=Cotytto= (Cotyt\u02b9to). The Athenian goddess of immodesty.\n\n    \"Hail! goddess of nocturnal sport,\n    Dark-veiled Cotytto, to whom the secret flame\n    Of midnight torches burns; mysterious dame.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Counsel=, see Consus.\n\n=Creditors=, see Jani.\n\n=Crow=, see Coronis.\n\n=Cultivated Land=, see Sylvester.\n\n=Cup-bearer=, see Ganymede.\n\n=Cupid= (Cu\u02b9pid), the god of love, was the son of Jupiter and Venus.\nHe is represented as a naked, winged boy, with a bow and arrows, and a\ntorch. When he grew up to be a man he married Psyche.\n\n    \"For Venus did but boast one only son,\n    And rosy Cupid was that boasted one;\n    He, uncontroll'd, thro' heaven extends his sway,\n    And gods and goddesses by turns obey.\"\n                                    Eusden, 1713.\n\n=Cuvera= (Cuve\u02b9ra). The Indian god of wealth corresponding to the\nGreek Plutus.\n\n=Cybele= (Cy\u02b9bele). The mother of the gods, and hence called Magna\nMater. She was wife of Saturn. She is sometimes referred to under the\nnames of Ceres, Rhea, Ops, and Vesta. She is represented as riding in\na chariot drawn by lions. In one hand she holds a scepter, and in the\nother a key. On her head is a castelated crown, to denote that she\nwas the first to protect castles and walls with towers.\n\n    \"Nor Cybele with half so kind an eye\n    Surveyed her sons and daughters of the sky.\"\n                                    Dryden.\n\n    \"Might she the wise Latona be,\n    Or the towered Cybele,\n    Mother of a hundred gods,\n    Juno dares not give her odds.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Cyclops= (Cy\u02b9clops) or =Cyclopes= (Cy\u02b9clopes) were the gigantic,\none-eyed workmen of Vulcan, who made Jove's thunderbolts. Hesiod gives\ntheir names as Arges, Brontes, and Steropes.\n\n    \"Meantime, the Cyclop raging with his wound,\n    Spreads his wide arms, and searches round and round.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Cygnus= (Cyg\u02b9nus), the bosom friend of Phaeton. He died of grief on\nthe death of his friend, and was turned into a swan.\n\n=Cyllaros= (Cyll\u02b9aros), one of Castor's horses. The color is mentioned\nas being coal-black, with white legs and tail. See Cillaros.\n\n=Cyllo= (Cyl\u02b9lo). The name of one of Actaeon's hounds, which was lame.\n\n=Cyllopotes= (Cyllop\u02b9otes). A name given to one of Actaeon's hounds\nwhich limped.\n\n=Cynosure= (Cyn\u02b9osure). One of the nurses of Jupiter, turned by the\ngod into a conspicuous constellation.\n\n    \"Towers and battlements it sees\n    Bosomed high in tufted trees,\n    Where perhaps some beauty lies,\n    The Cynosure of neighboring eyes.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Cyparissus= (Cyparis\u02b9sus). A boy of whom Apollo was very fond; and\nwhen he died he was changed, at Apollo's intercession, into a cypress\ntree, the branches of which typify mourning.\n\n=Cypress= (Cy\u02b9press), see Cyparissus.\n\n=Cypria= (Cy\u02b9pria). A name of Venus, because she was worshiped in the\nisland of Cyprus.\n\n=Cythera= (Cyth\u02b9era). A name of Venus, from the island to which she\nwas wafted in the shell.\n\n\n=Dactyli= (Dacty\u02b9li) were priests of Cybele. They were given the name,\nbecause, like the fingers, they were ten in number.\n\n=Daedalus= (Daed\u02b9alus) was a great architect and sculptor. He invented\nthe wedge, the axe, the level, and the gimlet, and was the first to\nuse sails. Daedalus also constructed the famous labyrinth for Minos,\nKing of Crete. See Icarus.\n\n    \"Now Daedalus, behold, by fate assigned,\n    A task proportioned to thy mighty mind.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Dagon= (Da\u02b9gon). A god of the Philistines, half man half fish, like\nthe mermaid. Milton describes him as \"Upward man and downward fish.\"\n\n=Dahak= (Da\u02b9hak). The Persian devil.\n\n=Daityas= (Dai\u02b9tyas). In Hindoo mythology the devils or evil gods.\n\n=Danae= (Dan\u02b9ae) was a daughter of Acrisius and Eurydice. She had a\nson by Jupiter, who was drifted out to sea in a boat, but was saved by\nPolydectes and educated.\n\n  [Illustration: Fountain of Cybele (Rhea)\n      _See page 42_]\n\n=Danaides= (Dana\u02b9ides), see Danaus.\n\n=Danaus= (Dana\u02b9us), King of Argos, was the father of fifty daughters,\nwho, all but one, at the command of their father, slew their husbands\ndirectly after marriage. For this crime they were condemned to the\ntask of forever trying to draw water with vessels without any bottoms.\nSee Hypermnestra.\n\n=Dancing=, see Terpsichore.\n\n=Dangers=, see Charybdis, also Scylla.\n\n=Daphne= (Daph\u02b9ne). The goddess of the earth. Apollo courted her, but\nshe fled from him, and was, at her own request, turned into a laurel\ntree.\n\n        \"... As Daphne was\n    Root-bound, that fled Apollo.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Dardanus= (Dar\u02b9danus), a son of Jupiter, who built the city of\nDardania, and by some writers was accounted the founder of Troy.\n\n=Dead-toll=, see Charon.\n\n=Death=, see Nox.\n\n=Deceiver, The=, see Apaturia.\n\n=Deianira= (Deiani\u02b9ra), daughter of Oeneus, was wife of Hercules. See\nHercules.\n\n=Delius= (De\u02b9lius), a name of Apollo, from the island in which he was\nborn.\n\n=Delphi= (Del\u02b9phi). A town on Mount Parnassus, famous for its oracle,\nand for a temple of Apollo. See Delphos.\n\n=Delphicus= (Del\u02b9phicus). A name of Apollo, from Delphi.\n\n=Delphos= (Del\u02b9phos), the place where the temple was built, from\nwhich the oracle of Apollo was given.\n\n=Demarus= (De\u02b9marus). The Phoenician name of Jupiter.\n\n=Demogorgon= (De\u02b9mogor\u02b9gon) was the tyrant genius of the soil or\nearth, the life and support of plants. He was depicted as an old man\ncovered with moss, and was said to live underground. He is sometimes\ncalled the king of the elves and fays.\n\n    \"Which wast begot in Demogorgon's hall\n    And saw'st the secrets of the world unmade.\"\n                                    Spenser.\n\n=Deucalion= (Deuca\u02b9lion), one of the demi-gods, son of Prometheus and\nPyrra. He and his wife, by making a ship, survived the deluge which\nJupiter sent on the earth, circa 1503 B.C.\n\n=Devil=, see Dahak, Daityas, and Obambou.\n\n=Diana= (Di\u02b9ana), goddess of hunting and of chastity. She was the\nsister of Apollo, and daughter of Jupiter and Latona. She was known\namong the Greeks as Diana or Phoebe, and was honored as a triform\ngoddess. As a celestial divinity she was called Luna; as a terrestrial\nDiana or Dictynna; and in the infernal regions Hecate.\n\n=Dictynna= (Dictyn\u02b9na), a Greek name of Diana as a terrestrial\ngoddess.\n\n=Dido= (Di\u02b9do). A daughter of Belus, King of Tyre. It was this\nprincess who bought a piece of land in Africa as large as could be\nencompassed by a bullock's hide, and when the purchase was completed,\ncut the hide into strips, and so secured a large tract of land. Here\nshe built Carthage; and Virgil tells that when Aeneas was shipwrecked\non the neighboring coast she received him with every kindness, and at\nlast fell in love with him. But Aeneas did not reciprocate her\naffections, and this so grieved her that she stabbed herself. A tale\nis told in _Facetiae Cantabrigienses_ of Professor Porson, who being\none of a set party, the conversation turned on the subject of punning,\nwhen Porson observing that he could pun on any subject, a person\npresent defied him to do so on the Latin gerunds, _di_, _do_, _dum_,\nwhich, however, he immediately did in the following admirable couplet:\n\n    \"When Dido found Aeneas would not come,\n    She mourned in silence, and was _Dido dumb_.\"\n\n=Dies Pater= (Di\u02b9es Pa\u02b9ter), or Father of the Day, a name of Jupiter.\n\n=Dii Selecti= (Dii Selec\u02b9ti) composed the second class of gods. They\nwere Coelus, Saturn, Genius, Oreus, Sol, Bacchus, Terra, and Luna.\n\n=Dindymene= (Din\u02b9dyme\u02b9ne). A name of Cybele, from a mountain where she\nwas worshiped.\n\n    \"Nor Dindymene, nor her priest possest,\n    Can with their sounding cymbals shake the breast\n    Like furious anger.\"\n                                    Francis.\n\n=Diomedes= (Diome\u02b9des), the cruel tyrant of Thrace, who fed his mares\non the flesh of his guests. He was overcome by Hercules, and himself\ngiven to the same horses as food.\n\n=Dione= (Dio\u02b9ne). A poetic name of Venus.\n\n=Dionysia= (Diony\u02b9sia) were festivals in honor of Bacchus.\n\n=Dionysius= (Diony\u02b9sius). A name of Bacchus, either from his father\nJupiter (Dios), or from his nurses, the nymphs called Nysae.\n\n=Dioscuri= (Dios\u02b9curi). Castor and Pollux, the sons of Jupiter.\n\n=Dirae= (Di\u02b9rae). A name of the Furies.\n\n=Dis.= A name of Pluto, god of hell, signifying riches.\n\n                      \"... That fair field\n    Of Enna, where Proserpine gathering flowers,\n    Herself a fairer flower, by gloomy Dis\n    Was gathered.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Discord=, see Ate.\n\n=Discordia= (Discor\u02b9dia), sister of Nemesis, the Furies, and Death,\nwas driven from heaven for having sown discord among the gods.\n\n=Diseases=, see Pandora.\n\n=Distaff=, see Pallas.\n\n=Dithyrambus.= A surname of Bacchus.\n\n=Dodona= (Dodo\u02b9na) was a celebrated oracle of Jupiter.\n\n    \"O where, Dodona, is thine aged grove,\n    Prophetic fount, and oracle divine?\"\n                                    Byron.\n\n=Dodonaeus= (Dodonae\u02b9us). A name of Jupiter, from the city of Dodona.\n\n=Dog=, see Lares.\n\n=Dolabra= (Dola\u02b9bra). The knife used by the priests to cut up the\nsacrifices.\n\n=Dolphin=, see Arion.\n\n=Doorga= (Door\u02b9ga). A Hindoo goddess.\n\n=Doris= (Do\u02b9ris) was daughter of Oceanus, and sister of Nereus, two of\nthe marine deities. From these two sisters sprang the several tribes\nof water nymphs.\n\n=Doto= (Do\u02b9to). One of the Nereids or sea nymphs.\n\n=Draco= (Dra\u02b9co). One of Actaeon's hounds.\n\n=Dragon=, seven-headed, see Geryon.\n\n=Dreams=, see Morpheus.\n\n=Dryads= (Dry\u02b9ads) were rural deities, the nymphs of the forests, to\nwhom their votaries offered oil, milk, and honey.\n\n    \"Flushed with resistless charms he fired to love\n    Each nymph and little Dryad of the grove.\"\n                                    Ticknell.\n\n=Dumbness= (Dumb\u02b9ness), see Atys.\n\n=Dweurgar= (Dweur\u02b9gar). Scandinavian god of the Echo--a pigmy.\n\n\n=Eacus= (E\u02b9acus), son of Jupiter and Egina, one of the judges of the\ninfernal regions, who was appointed to judge the Europeans. See\nAeacus.\n\n=Earth=, see Antaeus.\n\n=Eblis= (Eb\u02b9lis), the Mohammedan evil genius.\n\n=Echidna= (Echid\u02b9na). A woman having a serpent's tail. She was the\nreputed mother of Chimaera, and also of the many-headed dog Orthos, of\nthe three-hundred-headed dragon of the Hesperides, of the Colchian\ndragon, of the Sphinx, of Cerberus, of Scylla, of the Gorgons, of the\nLernaean Hydra, of the vulture that gnawed away the liver of\nPrometheus, and also of the Nemean lion; in fact, the mother of all\nadversity and tribulation.\n\n=Echnobas= (Echno\u02b9bas), one of Actaeon's hounds.\n\n=Echo= (Ech\u02b9o) was a nymph who fell in love with Narcissus. But when\nhe languished and died she pined away from grief and died also,\npreserving nothing but her voice, which repeats every sound that\nreaches her. Another fable makes Echo a daughter of Air and Tellus.\nShe was partly deprived of speech by Juno, being allowed only to reply\nto questions.\n\n    \"Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen\n      Within thy airy shell.\n          .  .  .  .\n    Sweet queen of parley, daughter of the sphere,\n    So may'st thou be translated to the skies,\n    And give resounding grace to all heaven's harmonies.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n    \"Oft by Echo's tedious tales misled.\"\n                                    Ovid.\n\n=Egeon.= A giant sea-god, who assisted the Titans against Jupiter.\n\n=Egeria= (Ege\u02b9ria). A nymph who is said to have suggested to Numa all\nhis wise laws. She became his wife, and at his death was so\ndisconsolate, and shed so many tears, that Diana changed her into a\nfountain.\n\n=Egil= (E\u02b9gil). The Vulcan of northern mythology.\n\n=Egipans= (Egip\u02b9ans) were rural deities who inhabited the forests and\nmountains, the upper half of the body being like that of a man, and\nthe lower half like a goat.\n\n=Egis= (E\u02b9gis) was the shield of Minerva. It obtained its name because\nit was covered with the skin of the goat Amalthaea, which nourished\nJupiter. See Aegis.\n\n=Eleusinian Mysteries= (Eleusin\u02b9ian). Religious rites in honor of\nCeres, performed at Eleusis, in Attica.\n\n=Elysium= (Elys\u02b9ium), or the =Elysian Fields=. The temporary abode of\nthe just in the infernal regions.\n\n=Empyrean, The= (Empyre\u02b9an). The fifth heaven, the seat of the heathen\ndeity.\n\n=Endymion= (Endym\u02b9ion). A shepherd, who acquired from Jupiter the\nfaculty of being always young. One of the lovers of Diana.\n\n=Entertainments=, see Comus.\n\n=Envy=, see Furies.\n\n=Enyo= was the Grecian name of Bellona, the goddess of war and\ncruelty.\n\n=Eolus= (E\u02b9olus), see Aeolus.\n\n=Eos= (E\u02b9os). The Grecian name of Aurora.\n\n=Eous= (E\u02b9ous). One of the four horses which drew the chariot of Sol,\nthe sun. The word is Greek, and means red.\n\n=Ephialtes= (Eph\u02b9ial\u02b9tes). A giant who lost his right eye in an\nencounter with Hercules, and the left eye was destroyed by Apollo.\n\n=Erato= (Er\u02b9ato). One of the Muses, the patroness of light poetry;\nshe presided over the triumphs and complaints of lovers, and is\ngenerally represented as crowned with roses and myrtle, and holding a\nlyre in her hand.\n\n=Erebus= (Er\u02b9ebus), son of Chaos, one of the gods of Hades, sometimes\nalluded to as representing the infernal regions.\n\n=Ergatis= (Erga\u02b9tis). A name given to Minerva. It means the\nwork-woman, and was given to the goddess because she was credited with\nhaving invented spinning and weaving.\n\n=Erictheus= (Eric\u02b9theus), fourth King of Athens, was the son of\nVulcan.\n\n=Erinnys= (Erin\u02b9nys). A Greek name of the Furies. It means Disturber\nof the Mind.\n\n=Erisichthon= (Erisich\u02b9thon) was punished with perpetual hunger\nbecause he defiled the groves of Ceres, and cut down one of the sacred\noaks.\n\n=Eros= (Er\u02b9os). The Greek god of love.\n\n=Erostratus= (Eros\u02b9tratus). The rascal who burnt the temple of Diana\nat Ephesus, thereby hoping to make his name immortal.\n\n=Erycina= (Eryc\u02b9ina). A name of Venus, from Mount Eryx in Sicily.\n\n=Erythreos= (Erythre\u02b9os). The Grecian name of one of the horses of\nSol's chariot.\n\n=Esculapius= (Escula\u02b9pius), see Aesculapius.\n\n=Eta= (E\u02b9ta), see Aeetes.\n\n=Ethon= (E\u02b9thon), one of the horses who drew the chariot of Sol--the\nsun. The word is Greek, and signifies hot.\n\n=Etna= (Et\u02b9na). A volcanic mountain, beneath which, according to\nVirgil, there is buried the giant Typhon, who breathes forth devouring\nflames.\n\n=Eudromos= (Eu\u02b9dromos). The name of one of Actaeon's hounds.\n\n=Eulalon= (Eu\u02b9lalon), one of the names of Apollo.\n\n=Eumenides= (Eume\u02b9nides), a name of the Furies, meaning mild, and\nreferring to the time when they were approved by Minerva.\n\n=Euphrosyne= (Euphro\u02b9syne), one of the three Graces, see Graces.\n\n    \"Come, thou goddess fair and free,\n    In heaven ycleped Euphrosyne.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Eurus= (Eu\u02b9rus). The east wind. A son of Aeolus.\n\n=Euryale= (Eury\u02b9ale) was one of the Gorgons, daughter of Phorcus and\nCeto.\n\n=Eurydice= (Euryd\u02b9ice), wife of Orpheus, who was killed by a serpent\non her wedding night.\n\n    \"Nor yet the golden verge of day begun.\n        When Orpheus (her unhappy lord),\n        Eurydice to life restored,\n    At once beheld, and lost, and was undone.\"\n                                    F. Lewis.\n\n=Eurythion= (Euryth\u02b9ion). A seven-headed dragon. See Geryon.\n\n=Euterpe= (Eu\u02b9terpe), one of the Muses, the patroness of instrumental\nmusic. The word means agreeable.\n\n=Euvyhe= (Eu\u02b9vyhe), an expression meaning \"Well done, son.\" Jupiter\nso frequently addressed his son Bacchus by those words that the phrase\nat last became one of his names.\n\n=Evening Star=, see Hesperus.\n\n=Evil=, see Cacodaemon.\n\n=Evils=, see Pandora.\n\n=Eye=, of one, see Cyclops and Glaukopis.\n\n\n=Fame= was a poetical deity, represented as having wings and blowing a\ntrumpet. A temple was dedicated to her by the Romans.\n\n=Fate=, see Nereus.\n\n=Fates=, or =Parcae=, were the three daughters of Necessity. Their\nnames were Clotho, who held the distaff; Lachesis, who turned the\nspindle; and Atropos, who cut the thread with the fatal shears.\n\n=Faun.= A rural divinity, half man and half goat. They were very\nsimilar to the Satyrs. The Fauns attended the god Pan, and the Satyrs\nattended Bacchus.\n\n=Favonius= (Favo\u02b9nius). The wind favorable to vegetation, that is,\nZephyr--the west wind.\n\n            \"... Time will run\n    On smoother, till Favonius reinspire\n    The frozen earth, and clothe in fresh attire\n    The lily and the rose, that neither sowed nor spun.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Fays.=\n\n    \"The yellow-skirted Fays\n    Fly after the night-steeds,\n    Leaving their moon-loved maze.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Feasts=, see Comus.\n\n=Febris= (Fe\u02b9bris) (fever), one of the evil deities, was worshiped\nthat she might not do harm.\n\n=Februus= (Feb\u02b9ruus). A name of Pluto, from the part of the funeral\nrites which consisted of purifications.\n\n=Feronia= (Fero\u02b9nia), the Roman goddess of orchards, was patroness of\nenfranchised slaves. Some authors think Feronia is the same as Juno.\n\n=Fertility=, see Lupercus.\n\n=Festivals=, see Thalia.\n\n=Fidelity=, see Iolaus.\n\n=Fides= (Fi\u02b9des), the goddess of faith and honesty, and a temple in\nthe Capitol of Rome.\n\n=Fine Arts=, see Minerva.\n\n=Fire=, see Salamander, Vesta, and Vulcan.\n\n=Fire Insurance=, see Canopus.\n\n=Fisherman=, see Glaucus.\n\n=Flath-innis= (Flath\u02b9-in\u02b9nis), in Celtic mythology, is Paradise.\n\n=Fleece, Golden=, see Golden Fleece, Argonauts, and Jason.\n\n=Flies=, see Muscarius.\n\n=Flocks=, see Pales (goddess of pastures).\n\n=Flora= (Flo\u02b9ra), goddess of flowers and gardens, was wife of\nZephyrus. She enjoyed perpetual youth. Her Grecian name was Chloris.\n\n=Floralia= (Flora\u02b9lia) were licentious games instituted in honor of\nthe goddess Flora.\n\n=Flowers=, see Flora, Chloris, Hortensis, and Zephyrus.\n\n=Flute=, see Marsyas.\n\n=Fortuna= (Fortu\u02b9na), the goddess of fortune, had a temple erected to\nher by Servius Tullius. She was supposed to be able to bestow riches\nor poverty on mankind, and was esteemed one of the most potent of the\nancient goddesses. She is usually represented as standing on a wheel,\nwith a bandage over her eyes, and holding a cornucopia.\n\n=Fraud=, one of the evil deities, was represented as a goddess with a\nhuman face and a serpent's body, and at the end of her tail was a\nscorpion's sting. She lived in the river Cocytus, and nothing but her\nhead was ever seen.\n\n=Freyr= (Frey\u02b9r). The Scandinavian god of fertility and peace. The\npatron god of Sweden and Iceland.\n\n=Freyja= (Frey\u02b9ja). The Scandinavian Venus. The goddess of love.\n\n=Friga= (Fri\u02b9ga). The Saxon goddess of earthly enjoyments. The name\nFriday is derived from her. In Scandinavian mythology she is the\ngoddess of marriage.\n\n=Fro.= The Scandinavian god of tempests and winds.\n\n=Frogs=, see Clowns of Lycia.\n\n  [Illustration: The Fates\n      _See page 54_]\n\n=Fruits=, see Ceres, and Pomona.\n\n=Funerals=, see Libitina, and Manes.\n\n=Furies, The=, were the three daughters of Acheron and Nox. They were\nthe punishers of evil-doers. Their names were Tisiphone, Megaera, and\nAlecto, and were supposed to personify rage, slaughter, and envy.\n\n=Futurity=, see Cassandra.\n\n\n=Gabriel= (Ga\u02b9briel), in Jewish mythology is the prince of fire and\nthunder, and the angel of death to the favored people of God.\n\n=Galataea= (Galatae\u02b9a). A sea nymph. Polyphemus, one of the Cyclops,\nloved her, but she disdained his attentions and became the lover of\nAcis, a Sicilian shepherd.\n\n=Gallantes= (Gallan\u02b9tes), madmen, from Galli (which see).\n\n=Galli= (Gal\u02b9li) were priests of Cybele who used to cut their arms\nwith knives when they sacrificed, and acted so like madmen that\ndemented people got the name of Gallantes.\n\n=Ganesa= (Gan\u02b9esa). The Indian Mercury. The god of wisdom and\nprudence.\n\n=Ganga.= One of the three Indian river goddesses.\n\n=Ganymede=, a beautiful Phrygian youth, son of Tros, King of Troy. He\nsucceeded Hebe in the office of cup-bearer to Jupiter. He is generally\nrepresented sitting on the back of a flying eagle.\n\n=Gardens=, see Pomona (goddess of fruit-trees).\n\n=Gates=, see Janus.\n\n=Gautama= (Gau\u02b9tama) (Buddha). The chief deity of Burmah.\n\n=Genii= were domestic divinities. Every man was supposed to have two\nof these genii accompanying him; one brought him happiness, the other\nmisery.\n\n=Genitor= (Gen\u02b9itor). A Lycian name of Jupiter.\n\n=Geometry=, see Mercury.\n\n=Geryon= (Ge\u02b9ryon) was a triple-bodied monster who lived at Gades,\nwhere his numerous flocks were guarded by Orthos, a two-headed dog,\nand by Eurythion, a seven-headed dragon. These guardians were\ndestroyed by Hercules, and the cattle taken away.\n\n=Gimlet=, see Daedalus.\n\n=Girdle=, see Cestus (Venus's).\n\n=Glaucus= (Glau\u02b9cus) was a fisherman who became a sea-god through\neating a sea-weed, which he thought invigorated the fishes and might\nstrengthen him.\n\n=Glaukopis= (Glauko\u02b9pis). A name given to Minerva, because she had\nblue eyes.\n\n=Gnomes= (Gno\u02b9mes), a name given by Plato to the invisible deities who\nwere supposed to inhabit the earth.\n\n=Gnossis= (Gnos\u02b9sis), a name given to Ariadne, from the city of\nGnossus, in Crete.\n\n=Goat=, see Iphigenia, Mendes, and Venus.\n\n=Goat's Feet=, see Capripedes.\n\n=Golden Apple=, see Atalanta.\n\n=Golden Fleece, The=, was a ram's hide, sometimes described as white,\nand at other times as purple and golden. It was given to Phryxus, who\ncarried it to Colchis, where King Aeetes entertained Phryxus, and the\nhide was hung up in the grove of Mars. Jason and forty-nine companions\nfetched back the golden fleece. See Argonauts.\n\n=Gopya= (Gopy\u02b9a). Indian mythological nymphs.\n\n=Gorgons, The= (Gor\u02b9gons), were three sisters, named Stheno, Euryale,\nand Medusa. They petrified every one they looked at. Instead of hair\ntheir heads were covered with vipers. Perseus conquered them, and cut\noff the head of Medusa, which was placed on the shield of Minerva, and\nall who fixed their eyes thereon were turned into stone.\n\n=Graces, The=, were the attendants of Venus. Their names were, Aglaia,\nso called from her beauty and goodness; Thalia, from her perpetual\nfreshness; and Euphrosyne, from her cheerfulness. They are generally\ndepicted as three cheerful maidens with hands joined, and either nude\nor only wearing transparent robes--the idea being that kindnesses, as\npersonified by the Graces, should be done with sincerity and candor,\nand without disguise. They were supposed to teach the duties of\ngratitude and friendship, and they promoted love and harmony among\nmankind.\n\n=Graces= (fourth), see Pasithea.\n\n=Gradivus= (Grad\u02b9ivus). A name given to Mars by the Romans. It meant\nthe warrior who defended the city against all external enemies.\n\n=Gragus= (Gra\u02b9gus). The name by which Jupiter was worshiped in Lycia.\n\n=Granaries=, see Tutelina.\n\n=Grapsios= (Grap\u02b9sios). A Lycian name of Jupiter.\n\n=Grasshopper=, see Tithonus.\n\n=Grief=, see Niobe.\n\n\n=Hada= (Ha\u02b9da). The Babylonian Juno.\n\n=Hades= (Ha\u02b9des). The Greek name of Pluto, the god of hell, the word\nsignifying hidden, dark, and gloomy; the underworld, or infernal\nregions; sometimes written _Ades_.\n\n=Hailstorms=, see Nuriel.\n\n=Halcyone= (Halcy\u02b9one) (or =Alcyone=), one of the Pleiades, was a\ndaughter of Aeolus.\n\n=Halcyons= (Halcy\u02b9ons) were sea birds, supposed to be the Greek\nkingfishers. They made their nests on the waves, and during the period\nof incubation the sea was always calm. Hence the modern term Halcyon\nDays.\n\n=Hamadryades= (Hamadry\u02b9ades) were wood-nymphs, who presided over\ntrees.\n\n=Happiness=, see Genii.\n\n=Haroeris= (Haroe\u02b9ris). The Egyptian god, whose eyes are the sun and\nmoon.\n\n=Harpies, The= (Har\u02b9pies), (literally, snatchers, demons of\ndestruction, or, in the modern sense, extortioners). They were\nmonsters, half-birds, half-maidens, having the heads and breasts of\nwomen, the bodies of birds, and the claws of lions. Their names were\nAello, Ocypete, and Celeno. They were loathsome creatures, living in\nfilth, and poisoning everything they came in contact with.\n\n    \"Such fiends to scourge mankind, so fierce, so fell,\n    Heaven never summoned from the depth of hell.\n    A virgin face, with wings and hook\u00e8d claws,\n    Death in their eyes, and famine in their jaws,\n    While proof to steel their hides and plumes remain\n    We strike the impenetrable fiends in vain.\"\n\n=Harpikruti= (Harpi\u02b9kruti). The Egyptian name of the god Harpocrates.\n\n=Harpocrates= (Harpoc\u02b9rates), or Horus, an Egyptian god, son of Osiris\nand Isis. He was the god of silence and secrecy. He is usually\nrepresented as a young man, holding a finger of one hand to his lips\n(expressive of a command to preserve silence), while in the other hand\nhe holds a cornucopia, signifying early vegetation.\n\n=Harvest=, see Segetia. A Roman divinity, invoked by the husbandman\nthat the harvest might be plentiful.\n\n=Hawk=, see Nysus.\n\n=Hazis= (Ha\u02b9zis). The Syrian war-god.\n\n=Health=, see Hygeia and Salus.\n\n=Heaven=, =Queen of=, (Hea\u02b9ven) see Belisama. =God of=, see Coelus.\n\n=Hebe= (He\u02b9be), daughter of Zeus (Jupiter) and Hera (Juno), was the\ngoddess of youth. She was cup-bearer to Jupiter and the gods, until\nshe had an awkward fall at a festival, causing her to alight in an\nindecent posture, which so displeased Jupiter that she was deprived of\nher office, and Ganymede was appointed in her stead.\n\n              \"Wreathed smiles,\n    Such as hung on Hebe's cheek,\n    And love to live in dimples sleek.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n    \"Bright Hebe waits; by Hebe ever young\n    The whirling wheels are to the chariot hung.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Hecate= (Hec\u02b9ate). There were two goddesses known by this name, but\nthe one generally referred to in modern literature is Hecate, or\nProserpine, the name by which Diana was known in the infernal regions.\nIn heaven her name was Luna, and her terrestrial name was Diana. She\nwas a moon-goddess, and is generally represented in art with three\nbodies, standing back to back, a torch, a sword, and a lance in each\nright hand.\n\n=Hecuba= (Hec\u02b9uba). The wife of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of\nParis. Taken captive in the Trojan war, she fell to the lot of Ulysses\nafter the destruction of Troy, and was afterwards changed into a\nhound.\n\n    \"What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba?\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Heifer=, see Ino.\n\n=Helena= (Hel\u02b9ena) when a child was so beautiful that Theseus and\nPerithous stole her, but she was restored by Castor and Pollux. She\nbecame the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta, but eloped with Paris,\nand thus caused the Trojan War. After the death of Paris she married\nDeiphobus, his brother, and then betrayed him to Menelaus. She was\nafterward tied to a tree and strangled by order of Polyxo, king of\nRhodes.\n\n=Heliades, The= (He\u02b9liades), were the daughters of Sol, and the\nsisters of Phaeton, at whose death they were so sad that they stood\nmourning till they became metamorphosed into poplar trees, and their\ntears were turned into amber.\n\n=Helicon= (Hel\u02b9icon). A mountain in Boeotia sacred to the Muses, from\nwhich place the fountain Hippocrene flowed.\n\n    \"Yet still the doting rhymer dreams,\n    And sings of Helicon's bright streams;\n    But Helicon for all his clatter\n    Yields only uninspiring water.\"\n                                    Broom, 1720.\n\n=Heliconiades= (Helico\u02b9niades). A name given to the Muses, from Mount\nHelicon.\n\n=Heliopolis= (Heliop\u02b9olis), in Egypt, was the city of the sun.\n\n=Helios= (He\u02b9lios). The Grecian sun-god, or charioteer of the sun, who\nwent home every evening in a golden boat which had wings.\n\n=Heliotrope= (Hel\u02b9iotrope). Clytie was turned into this flower by\nApollo. See Clytie.\n\n=Helle= (Hel\u02b9le) was drowned in the sea, into which she fell from off\nthe back of the golden ram, on which she and Phryxus were escaping\nfrom the oppression of their stepmother Ino. The episode gave the name\nof the Hellespont to the part of the sea where Helle was drowned, and\nit is now called the Dardanelles. She was the daughter of Athamas and\nNephele.\n\n=Hellespontiacus= (Hellespontia\u02b9cus). A title of Priapus.\n\n=Hemphta= (Hemph\u02b9ta). The Egyptian god Jupiter.\n\n=Hephaestus= (Hephaes\u02b9tus). The Greek Vulcan, the smith of the gods.\n\n=Hera= (He\u02b9ra). The Greek name of Juno.\n\n=Heracles= (Her\u02b9acles) is the same as Hercules.\n\n=Hercules= (Her\u02b9cules) was the son of Jupiter and Alcmena. The goddess\nJuno hated him from his birth, and sent two serpents to kill him, but\nthough only eight months old he strangled them. As he got older he was\nset by his master Eurystheus what were thought to be twelve impossible\ntasks which have long been known as the \"Twelve Labors of Hercules.\"\nThey were:\n\n_First_, To slay the Nemean Lion.\n\n_Second_, To destroy the Hydra which infested the marshes of Lerna.\n\n_Third_, To bring to Eurystheus the Arcadian Stag with the golden\nhorns and brazen hoofs.\n\n_Fourth_, To bring to his master the Boar of Erymanthus.\n\n_Fifth_, To cleanse the stable of King Augeas, in which 3,000 oxen\nhad been kept for thirty years, but had never been cleaned out.\n\n_Sixth_, To destroy the Stymphalides, terrible carnivorous birds.\n\n_Seventh_, To capture the Bull which was desolating Crete.\n\n_Eighth_, To capture the mares of Diomedes, which breathed fire from\ntheir nostrils, and ate human flesh.\n\n_Ninth_, To procure the girdle of Hippolyte, queen of the Amazons.\n\n_Tenth_, To bring to Eurystheus the flesh-eating oxen of Geryon, the\nmonster king of Gades.\n\n_Eleventh_, To bring away some of the golden apples from the garden of\nthe Hesperides.\n\n_Twelfth_, To bring up from Hades the three-headed dog, Cerberus.\n\nAll these tasks he successfully accomplished, and, besides, he\nassisted the gods in their wars with the giants. Several other\nwonderful feats are mentioned under other headings, as Antaeus, Cacus,\netc. His death was brought about through his endeavors to preserve\nDeianira from the attacks of Nessus, the centaur, whom he killed. The\ncentaur, before he expired, gave his mystic tunic to Deianira, who in\nturn gave it to Hercules, and he put it on, but his doing so brought\non an illness of which he could not be cured. In a fit of desperation\nhe cast himself into a funeral pile on Mount Oeta; but Jupiter had\nhim taken to heaven in a four-horse chariot, and only the mortal part\nof Hercules was consumed.\n\n    \"Let Hercules himself do what he may,\n    The cat will mew, and dog will have his day.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Herdsmen=, see Bubona.\n\n=Hermae= (Her\u02b9mae) were statues of Hermes (Mercury), which were set up\nin Athens for boundaries, and as direction marks for travelers.\n\n=Hermanubis= (Her\u02b9manu\u02b9bis), see Anubis.\n\n=Hermathenae= (Hermathe\u02b9nae) were statues of Mercury and Minerva\nplaced together.\n\n=Hermes= (Her\u02b9mes). A Greek name of the god Mercury.\n\n    \"Hermes obeys. With golden pinions binds\n    His flying feet and mounts the western winds.\"\n                                    Virgil.\n\n=Hermione= (Hermi\u02b9one), daughter of Mars and Venus, who was turned\ninto a serpent, and allowed to live in the Elysian Fields. There was\nanother Hermione, daughter of Menelaus and Helen; she was betrothed to\nOrestes, but was carried away by Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles.\n\n=Hero= (He\u02b9ro). A priestess of Venus, with whom Leander was so\nenamored that he swam across the Hellespont every night to visit her,\nbut at last was drowned; when Hero saw the fate of her lover she threw\nherself into the sea and was also drowned.\n\n=Heroes=, see Valhalla.\n\n=Hesperides= (Hesper\u02b9ides). Three daughters of Hesperus, King of\nItaly. They were appointed to guard the golden apples which Juno gave\nJupiter on their wedding day. See Hercules.\n\n=Hesperus= (Hes\u02b9perus), brother of Atlas, was changed into the evening\nstar.\n\n    \"To the ocean now I fly,\n    And those happy climes that lie\n    Where day never shuts his eye,\n    Upon the broad fields of the sky:\n    There I suck the liquid air,\n    All amidst the gardens fair\n    Of Hesperus and his daughters three,\n    That sing about the golden tree.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Hestia= (Hes\u02b9tia). The Greek name of Vesta, the goddess of the\nhearth.\n\n=Hieroglyphics= (Hierogly\u02b9phics), see Mercury.\n\n=Highways=, see Janus.\n\n=Hildur= (Hil\u02b9dur). The Scandinavian Mars.\n\n=Hippia= (Hip\u02b9pia). A surname of Minerva.\n\n=Hippius= (Hip\u02b9pius). A surname of Neptune.\n\n=Hippocampus= (Hippocam\u02b9pus). The name of Neptune's favorite horse, a\nfabulous marine animal, half horse and half fish.\n\n=Hippocrenides= (Hippocre\u02b9nides), a name of the Muses, from the\nfountain of Hippocrene (the horse fountain), which was formed by a\nkick of the winged horse Pegasus.\n\n=Hippolyte= (Hippol\u02b9yte), queen of the Amazons, daughter of Mars. Her\nfather gave her a famous girdle, which Hercules was required to\nprocure (see Hercules). She was conquered by Hercules, and given by\nhim in marriage to Theseus.\n\n=Hippolytus= (Hippol\u02b9ytus) was the son of Theseus and Hippolyte; he\nwas killed by a fall from a chariot, but was raised to life again by\nDiana, or, as some say, by Aesculapius.\n\n=Hippona= (Hippo\u02b9na) was a rural divinity, the goddess of horses.\n\n=History=, see Clio and Saga.\n\n=Honey=, see Aristaeus and Dryads.\n\n=Hope=, see Pandora.\n\n=Horae= (Ho\u02b9rae) were the daughters of Sol and Chronis, the goddesses\nof the seasons.\n\n=Horse=, see Cyllaros.\n\n=Horse Races=, see Neptune.\n\n=Horses=, see Hippona.\n\n=Hortensis= (Horten\u02b9sis), a name of Venus, because she looked after\nplants and flowers in gardens.\n\n=Horus= (Ho\u02b9rus). The name of two deities, one Sol, the Egyptian day\ngod; the other, the son of Osiris and Isis. See Harpocrates.\n\n=Hostilina= (Hostil\u02b9ina). A rural divinity; goddess of growing corn.\n\n=Hunger=, see Erisichthon.\n\n=Hunting=, see Diana.\n\n=Huntsmen=, see Pan.\n\n  [Illustration: Hebe\n      _See page 62_]\n\n=Hyacinthus= (Hyacin\u02b9thus) was a boy greatly loved by Apollo; but he\nwas accidentally slain by him with a quoit. Apollo caused to spring\nfrom his blood the flower Hyacinth.\n\n=Hyades= (Hy\u02b9ades) were seven daughters of Atlas and Aethra, and they\nformed a constellation which, when it rises with the sun, threatens\nrain.\n\n=Hydra= (Hy\u02b9dra). A monster serpent, which had a hundred heads. It was\nslain by Hercules. See Hercules.\n\n=Hygeia= (Hyge\u02b9ia), the goddess of health, was a daughter of\nAesculapius and Epione. She was represented as a young woman giving a\nserpent drink out of a saucer, the serpent being twined round her arm.\n\n=Hylas= (Hy\u02b9las). A beautiful boy beloved by Hercules. The nymphs were\njealous of him, and spirited him away while he was drawing water for\nHercules. See Wm. Morris's tragedy, \"The Life and Death of Jason.\"\n\n=Hymen= (Hy\u02b9men), the Grecian god of marriage, was either the son of\nBacchus and Venus, or, as some say, of Apollo and one of the Muses. He\nwas represented as a handsome youth, holding in his hand a burning\ntorch.\n\n    \"Some few there are of sordid mould\n    Who barter youth and bloom for gold:\n    But Hymen, gen'rous, just, and kind,\n    Abhors the mercenary mind;\n    Such rebels groan beneath his rod,\n    For Hymen's a vindictive god.\"\n                                    Dr. Cotton, 1736.\n\n=Hymn=, see Paean.\n\n=Hyperion= (Hype\u02b9rion). Son of Coelus and Terra. The model of manly\nbeauty, synonymous with Apollo. The personification of the sun.\n\n    \"So excellent a king; that was to this\n    Hyperion to a satyr.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Hypermnestra= (Hypermnes\u02b9tra). One of the fifty daughters of Danaus,\nwho were collectively called the Danaides. She was the one who refused\nto kill her husband on the wedding night. See Danaus.\n\n\n=Iacchus= (Iac\u02b9chus). Another name for Bacchus.\n\n=Iapetos= (Iap\u02b9etos). The father of Atlas. See Japetus.\n\n=Iblees= (Ib\u02b9lees). The Arabian Satan.\n\n=Icarus= (Ic\u02b9arus), son of Daedalus, who with his father made\nthemselves wings with which to fly from Crete to escape the resentment\nof Minos. The wings were fixed to the shoulders by wax. Icarus flew\ntoo near the sun, and the heat melting the wax, caused the wings to\ndrop off, and he fell into the Aegean or Icarian sea and was drowned.\n\n=Ichnobate= (Ichnoba\u02b9te). One of Actaeon's hounds; the word means\ntracker.\n\n=Idaea= (Idae\u02b9a). A name of Cybele, from Mount Ida, where she was\nworshiped.\n\n=Idaean Mother= (Idae\u02b9an Mother). Cybele was sometimes so called, in\nCyprus, in which there is a grove sacred to Venus.\n\n=Idalia= (Ida\u02b9lia). A name of Venus, from Mount Idalus, in Cyprus, in\nwhich there is a grove sacred to Venus.\n\n=Imperator= (Impera\u02b9tor) was a name of Jupiter, given to him at\nPraeneste.\n\n=Inachus= (I\u02b9nachus) was one of the earliest of the demi-gods or\nheroes, King of Argos.\n\n=Incendiary=, see Erostratus.\n\n=Incense=, see Venus.\n\n=Incubus= (In\u02b9cubus). A Roman name of Pan, meaning The Nightmare. See\nInnus.\n\n=Indigetes= (Indig\u02b9etes) were deified mortals, gods of the fourth\norder. They were peculiar to some district.\n\n=Indra= (In\u02b9dra). The Hindoo Jupiter; his wife was Indrant, who\npresides over the winds and thunder.\n\n=Infants=, see Natio.\n\n=Innus= (In\u02b9nus). A name of Pan, the same as Incubus.\n\n=Ino= (In\u02b9o), second wife of Athamas, King of Thebes, father of\nPhryxus and Helle. Ino had two children, who could not ascend the\nthrone while Phryxus and Helle were alive. Ino therefore persecuted\nthem to such a degree that they determined to escape. They did so on a\nram, whose hide became the Golden Fleece (see Phryxus and Helle). Ino\ndestroyed herself, and was changed by Neptune into a sea-goddess.\n\n=Inoa= (Ino\u02b9a) were festivals in memory of Ino.\n\n=Instrumental Music=, see Euterpe.\n\n=Io= (I\u02b9o) was a daughter of Inachus, and a priestess of Juno at\nArgos. Jupiter courted her, and was detected by Juno, when the god\nturned Io into a beautiful heifer. Juno demanded the beast of Jupiter,\nand set the hundred-eyed Argus to watch her. Jupiter persuaded Mercury\nto destroy Argus, and Io was set at liberty, and restored to human\nshape. Juno continued her persecutions, and Io had to wander from\nplace to place till she came to Egypt, where she became wife of King\nOsiris, and won such good opinions from the Egyptians that after her\ndeath she was worshiped as the goddess Isis.\n\n=Iolaus= (Iola\u02b9us), son of Iphicles, assisted Hercules in conquering\nthe Hydra, by burning with hot irons the place where the heads were\ncut off; and for his assistance he was restored to youth by Hebe.\nLovers used to go to his monument at Phocis and ratify their vows of\nfidelity.\n\n=Iothun= (Io\u02b9thun). Celtic mythological monsters, or giants.\n\n=Iphicles= (Iph\u02b9icles) was twin brother of Hercules, and father of\nIolaus.\n\n=Iphigenia= (Iphigeni\u02b9a) was a daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra.\nAgamemnon made a vow to Diana, which involved the sacrifice of\nIphigenia, but just at the critical moment she was carried to heaven,\nand a beautiful goat was found on the altar in her place.\n\n=Iris= (I\u02b9ris), daughter of Thaumas and Electra, was the attendant of\nJuno, and one of the messengers of the gods. Her duty was to cut the\nthread which detained expiring souls. She is the personification of\nthe rainbow.\n\n=Iron=, see Vulcan.\n\n=Isis= (I\u02b9sis), wife of Osiris, and a much worshiped divinity of the\nEgyptians. See Io.\n\n=Itys= (I\u02b9tys) was killed by his mother Procne when six years old, and\ngiven to his father Tereus, a Thracian of Daulis, as food. The gods\nwere so enraged at this that they turned Itys into a pheasant, Procne\ninto a swallow, and Tereus into a hawk.\n\n=Ixion= (Ixi\u02b9on), the son of Phlegyas, King of the Lapithae. For\nattempting to produce thunder, Jupiter cast him into hell, and had him\nbound to a wheel, surrounded with serpents, which is forever turning\nover a river of fire.\n\n    \"The powers of vengeance, while they hear,\n    Touched with compassion, drop a tear;\n    Ixion's rapid wheel is bound,\n    Fixed in attention to the sound.\"\n                                    F. Lewis.\n\n    \"Or, as Ixion fix'd, the wretch shall feel\n    The giddy motion of the whirling wheel.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n\n=Jani= (Ja\u02b9ni) was a place in Rome where there were three statues of\nJanus, and it was a meeting-place for usurers and creditors.\n\n=Janitor= (Ja\u02b9nitor). A title of Janus, from the gates before the\ndoors of private houses being called Januae.\n\n=Janus= (Ja\u02b9nus). A king of Italy, said to have been the son of\nCoelus, others say of Apollo; he sheltered Saturn when he was driven\nfrom heaven by Jupiter. Janus presided over highways, gates, and\nlocks, and is usually represented with two faces, because he was\nacquainted with the past and the future; or, according to others,\nbecause he was taken for the sun, who opens the day at his rising, and\nshuts it at his setting. A brazen temple was erected to him in Rome,\nwhich was always open in time of war, and closed during peace.\n\n    \"Old Janus, if you please,\n    Grave two-faced father.\"\n\n    \"In two-faced Janus we this moral find,--\n    While we look forward, we should glance behind.\"\n                                    Colman.\n\n=Japetus= (Jap\u02b9etus), son of Coelus and Terra, husband of Clymene. He\nwas looked upon by the Greeks as the father of all mankind. See\nIapetos.\n\n=Jason= (Ja\u02b9son), the son of Aeson, king of Iolcos; he was brought up\nby the centaur Chiron. His uncle Aeeta sent him to fetch the Golden\nFleece from Colchis (see Argonauts). He went in the ship Argo with\nforty-nine companions, the flower of Greek youth. With the help of\nJuno they got safe to Colchis, but the King Aeetes promised to restore\nthe Golden Fleece only on condition that the Argonauts performed\ncertain services. Jason was to tame the wild fiery bulls, and to make\nthem plow the field of Mars; to sow in the ground the teeth of a\nserpent, from which would spring armed men who would fight against him\nwho plowed the field of Mars; to kill the fiery dragon which guarded\nthe tree on which the Golden Fleece was hung. The fate of Jason and\nthe rest of the Argonauts seemed certain; but Medea, the king's\ndaughter, fell in love with Jason, and with the help of charms which\nshe gave him he overcame all the difficulties which the king had put\nin his way. He took away the Golden Fleece and Medea also. The king\nsent his son Absyrtus to overtake the fugitives, but Medea killed him,\nand strewed his limbs in his father's path, so that he might be\ndelayed in collecting them, and this enabled Jason and Medea to\nescape. After a time Jason got tired of Medea, and married Glauce,\nwhich cruelty Medea revenged by killing her children before their\nfather's eyes. Jason was accidentally killed by a beam of the ship\nArgo falling on him.\n\n=Jocasta= (Jocas\u02b9ta) (otherwise Epicasta), wife of Laius, King of\nThebes, who in after-life married her own son, Oedipus, not knowing\nwho he was, and, on discovering the fatal mistake, hanged herself.\n\n=Jove.= A very general name of Jupiter.\n\n    \"From the great father of the gods above\n    My muse begins, for all is full of Jove.\"\n                                    Virgil.\n\n=Judges in Hell, The=, were Rhadamanthus for Asiatics; Aeacus for\nEuropeans; Minos was the presiding judge in the infernal regions. See\nTriptolemus.\n\n=Jugatinus= (Jugatin\u02b9us) was one of the nuptial deities.\n\n=Juno= (Ju\u02b9no) was the daughter of Saturn and Ops, _alias_ Cybele. She\nwas married to Jupiter, and became queen of all the gods and\ngoddesses, and mistress of heaven and earth. Juno was the mother of\nMars, Vulcan, Hebe, and Lucina. She prompted the gods to conspire\nagainst Jupiter, but the attempt was frustrated, and Apollo and\nNeptune were banished from heaven by Jupiter. Juno is the goddess of\nmarriage, and the protectress of married women; and she had special\nregard for virtuous women. In the competition for the celebrated\nGolden Apple, which Juno, Venus, and Minerva each claimed as the\nfairest among the goddesses, Juno was much displeased when Paris gave\nthe apple to Venus. The goddess is generally represented riding in a\nchariot drawn by peacocks, with a diadem on her head, and a scepter in\nher hand.\n\n=Jupiter= (Ju\u02b9piter), son of Saturn and Cybele (or Ops), was born on\nMount Ida, in Crete, and nourished by the goat Amalthaea. When quite\nyoung Jupiter rescued his father from the Titans; and afterward, with\nthe help of Hercules, defeated the giants, the sons of earth, when\nthey made war against heaven. Jupiter was worshiped with great\nsolemnity under various names by most of the heathen nations. The\nAfricans called him Ammon; the Babylonians, Belus; and the Egyptians,\nOsiris (see Jove). He is represented as a majestic personage seated on\na throne, holding in his hands a scepter and a thunderbolt; at his\nfeet stood a spread eagle.\n\n=Justice=, see Astrea, Nemesis.\n\n\n=Kali.= A Hindoo goddess, after whom Calicut is named.\n\n=Kaloc= (Ka\u02b9loc). One of the chief of the Mexican gods.\n\n=Kama= (Kam\u02b9a). The Hindoo god of love.\n\n=Kebla= (Keb\u02b9la). The point of the compass which worshipers look to\nduring their invocations. Thus the Sol or Sun worshipers turn to the\neast, where the sun rises, and the Mohammedans turn toward Mecca.\n\n=Kederli= (Ke\u02b9derli), in Mohammedan mythology, is a god corresponding\nto the English St. George, and is still invoked by the Turks when they\ngo to war.\n\n=Kiun= (Ki\u02b9un). The Egyptian Venus.\n\n=Kneph.= An Egyptian god, having a ram's head and a man's body.\n\n=Krishna= (Krish\u02b9na). An Indian god, the revenger of wrongs; also\ncalled the Indian Apollo.\n\n=Krodo= (Kro\u02b9do). The Saxon Saturn.\n\n=Kumara= (Ku\u02b9ma\u02b9ra). The war-god of the Hindoos.\n\n=Kuvera= (Ku\u02b9vera). The Hindoo god of riches.\n\n\n=Labe= (La\u02b9be). The Arabian Circe, who had unlimited power of\nmetamorphosis.\n\n=Labor= (Lab\u02b9or), see Atlas, Hercules.\n\n=Labyrinth=, see Theseus.\n\n=Lachesis= (Lach\u02b9esis). One of the three goddesses of Fate, the\nParcae. She spun the thread of life.\n\n=Lacinia= (Lacin\u02b9ia). A name of Juno.\n\n=Lactura.= One of the goddesses of growing corn.\n\n=Ladon= (La\u02b9don). The dragon which guarded the apples in the garden of\nthe Hesperides. Also the name of one of Actaeon's hounds. Also the\nriver in Arcadia to which Syrinx fled when pursued by Pan, where she\nwas changed into a reed, and where Pan made his first pipe.\n\n=Laelaps= (Lae\u02b9laps). One of Diana's hunting-dogs, which, while\npursuing a wild boar, was petrified. Also the name of one of Actaeon's\nhounds.\n\n=Laksmi= (Laks\u02b9mi) Hindoo goddess of wealth and pleasure. One of the\nhusbands of Vishnu.\n\n=Lamentation=, see Cocytus.\n\n=Lamia= (Lam\u02b9ia). An evil deity among the Greeks and Romans, and the\ngreat dread of their children, whom she had the credit of constantly\nenticing away and destroying.\n\n=Lamp=, see Lares and Penates.\n\n=Lampos= (Lam\u02b9pos). One of Aurora's chariot horses, the other being\nPhaeton.\n\n=Laocoon= (Laoc\u02b9oon). One of the priests of Apollo, who was, with his\ntwo sons, strangled to death by serpents, because he opposed the\nadmission of the fatal wooden horse to Troy.\n\n=Laomedon= (Laom\u02b9edon), son of Ilus, a Trojan king. He was famous for\nhaving, with the assistance of Apollo and Neptune, built the walls of\nTroy.\n\n=Lapis= (Lap\u02b9is). The oath stone. The Romans used to swear by Jupiter\nLapis.\n\n=Lapithus= (Lap\u02b9ithus), son of Apollo. His numerous children were\ncalled Lapithae, and they are notorious for their fight with the\ncentaurs at the nuptial feast of Perithous and Hippodamia.\n\n=Lares and Penates= (La\u02b9res and Pena\u02b9tes) were sons of Mercury and\nLara, or, as other mythologists say, of Jupiter and Lamida. They\nbelonged to the lower order of Roman gods, and presided over homes and\nfamilies. Their statues were generally fixed within the doors of\nhouses, or near the hearths. Lamps were sacred to them, as symbols of\nvigilance, and the dog was their sacrifice.\n\n=Lark=, see Scylla and Nysus.\n\n=Latona= (Lato\u02b9na), daughter of Coelus and Phoebe, mother of Apollo\nand Diana. Being admired so much by Jupiter, Juno was jealous, and\nLatona was the object of the goddess' constant persecution.\n\n=Laughter=, see Momus and Venus.\n\n=Laurel= (Lau\u02b9rel), see Daphne.\n\n=Laverna= (Laver\u02b9na). The Roman patroness of thieves.\n\n=Law=, see Menu.\n\n=Lawgiver=, see Nomius.\n\n=Laws=, see Themis.\n\n=Leander= (Lean\u02b9der), see Hero.\n\n=Leather Bottle=, see Ascolia.\n\n=Leda= (Le\u02b9da) was the mother of Castor and Pollux, their father being\nJupiter, in the shape of a swan. After her death she received the name\nof Nemesis.\n\n=Lemnius= (Lem\u02b9nius). One of the names of Vulcan.\n\n=Lemures= (Lem\u02b9ures). The ghosts of departed souls. Milton, in his\n\"Ode to the Nativity,\" says--\n\n    \"Lemures moan with midnight plaint.\"\n\nThey are sometimes referred to as the Manes of the dead.\n\n=Lenaeus= (Lenae\u02b9us). One of the names of Bacchus.\n\n=Lerna= (Ler\u02b9na). The lake or swamp near Argos where Hercules\nconquered the Lernaean Hydra.\n\n=Lethe= (Le\u02b9the). One of the rivers of the infernal regions, of which\nthe souls of the departed are obliged to drink to produce oblivion or\nforgetfulness of everything they did or knew while alive on the earth.\n\n                \"A slow and silent stream,\n    Lethe, the river of oblivion, rolls\n    Her watery labyrinth, whereof who drinks\n    Forthwith his former state and being forgets,\n    Forgets both joy and grief, pleasure and pain.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n  [Illustration: Hera\n      _See page 64_]\n\n=Leucothea= (Leucoth\u02b9ea). The name of Ino after she was transformed\ninto a sea nymph.\n\n=Levana= (Leva\u02b9na). The deity who presided over new-born infants.\n\n=Level, The=, see Daedalus.\n\n=Liakura= (Liak\u02b9ura). Mount Parnassus.\n\n=Liberal Arts=, see Minerva.\n\n=Liber Pater= (Li\u02b9ber Pa\u02b9ter). A name of Bacchus.\n\n=Liberty=, see Bacchus.\n\n=Libissa= (Lib\u02b9issa). Queen of fays and fairies.\n\n=Libitina= (Libiti\u02b9na). A Roman goddess, the chief of the funeral\ndeities.\n\n=Licentiousness=, see Belphegor.\n\n=Ligea= (Lige\u02b9a). A Greek syren or sea-nymph, one of the Nereides.\n\n=Lightning=, see Agni.\n\n=Lilith= (Li\u02b9lith). A Jewish myth representing a finely dressed woman\nwho is a great enemy to new-born children. She was said to have been\nAdam's first wife, but, refusing to submit to him, was turned from\nParadise and made a specter.\n\n=Lina= (Li\u02b9na). The goddess of the art of weaving.\n\n=Lindor= (Lin\u02b9dor). A lover in the shape of a shepherd, like Corydon;\na love-sick swain.\n\n=Lion=, see Atalanta, Chimaera.\n\n=Liver=, see Tityus and Prometheus.\n\n=Locks=, see Janus.\n\n=Lofen= (Lo\u02b9fen). The Scandinavian god who guards friendship.\n\n=Lofua= (Lof\u02b9ua). The Scandinavian goddess who reconciles lovers.\n\n=Loke.= The Scandinavian Satan, the god of strife, the spirit of evil.\nWritten also Lok, and Loki.\n\n=Lotis= (Lo\u02b9tis). A daughter of Neptune, who fled from Priapus, and\nonly escaped from him by being transformed into a lotus-plant.\n\n=Lotus-Plant= (Lo\u02b9tus-Plant), see Lotis.\n\n=Love=, see Cupid, Eros, Venus.\n\n=Lucian= (Lu\u02b9cian). The impersonation of folly, changed into an ass.\n\n=Lucifer= (Lu\u02b9cifer). The morning star.\n\n=Lucina= (Luci\u02b9na). The goddess who presides at the birth of children.\nShe was a daughter of Jupiter and Juno, or, according to others, of\nLatona.\n\n    \"Lucina, hail! So named from thine own grove,\n    Or from the light thou giv'st us from above.\"\n                                    Ovid.\n\n=Lud.= In ancient British mythology the king of the Britons. He is\nsaid to have given his name to London.\n\n=Luna= (Lu\u02b9na). The name of Diana as a celestial divinity. See Diana\nand Hecate. Also, the Italian goddess of the moon.\n\n=Lupercus= (Lu\u02b9percus), or Pan. The Roman god of fertility; his\nfestival day was 15th February, and the festivals were called\nLupercalia.\n\n=Lycaonian Food= (Lycaon\u02b9ian). Execrable viands, such as were\nsupplied to Jupiter by Lycaon. To test the divine knowledge of the god\nhe served up human flesh, which Jove discovered, and punished Lycaon\nby turning him into a wolf.\n\n=Lycian Clowns= were turned into frogs by Latona or Ceres.\n\n=Lymniades= (Lymni\u02b9ades). Nymphs who resided in marshes.\n\n=Lynceus= (Lyn\u02b9ceus). One of the Argonauts. The personification of\nsharpsightedness.\n\n=Lyre.= This musical instrument is constantly associated with the\ndoings of the ancient deities. Amphion built the walls of Thebes by\nthe music of his lyre. Arion charmed the dolphins in a similar way.\nHercules broke the head of Linus, his music-master, with the lyre he\nwas learning to use; and Orpheus charmed the most savage beasts, and\neven the Harpies and gods of the infernal regions, with the enchanting\nmusic of the stringed lyre. See Mercury.\n\n\n=Maenades= (Maen\u02b9ades). Priestesses of Bacchus.\n\n=Magicians=, see Telchines.\n\n=Magna Dea= (Mag\u02b9na De\u02b9a), a name of Ceres.\n\n=Magpies=, see Pierides.\n\n=Mahasoor= (Ma\u02b9ha\u02b9soor). The Hindoo god of evil.\n\n=Maia= (Ma\u02b9ia). The mother of the Grecian Mercury.\n\n=Mammon= (Mam\u02b9mon). The money god.\n\n=Manes= (Ma\u02b9nes). The souls of the departed. The Roman god of\nfunerals and tombs.\n\n    \"All have their Manes, and their Manes bear.\n    The few who're cleansed to those abodes repair,\n    And breathe in ample fields the soft Elysian air.\"\n\n=Manuring Land=, see Picumnus.\n\n=March 24=, Bellona's Day. See Bellona.\n\n=Marina= (Mari\u02b9na). A name of Venus, meaning sea-foam, from her having\nbeen formed from the froth of the sea. See Aphrodite.\n\n=Marriage=, see Cama, Hymen, Juno, Jugatinus.\n\n=Mars=, the god of war, was the son of Jupiter and Juno. Venus was his\nfavorite goddess, and among their children were Cupid, Anteros, and\nHarmonia. In the Trojan War Mars took the part of the Trojans, but was\ndefeated by Diomedes. The first month of the old Roman year (our\nMarch) was sacred to Mars.\n\n=Marshes=, see Lymniades.\n\n=Marsyas= (Mar\u02b9syas). The name of the piper who challenged Apollo to a\nmusical contest, and, being defeated, was flayed to death by the god.\nHe was the supposed inventor of the flute.\n\n=Marut= (Ma\u02b9rut). The Hindoo god of tempestuous winds.\n\n=Matura= (Matu\u02b9ra). One of the rural deities who protected the growing\ncorn at time of ripening.\n\n=Maximus= (Max\u02b9imus). One of the appellations of Jupiter, being the\ngreatest of the gods.\n\n=Measures and Weights=, see Mercury.\n\n=Medea= (Mede\u02b9a). Wife of Jason, chief of the Argonauts. To punish\nher husband for infidelity, Medea killed two of her children in their\nfather's presence. She was a great sorceress. See Jason.\n\n    \"Now to Medaea's dragons fix my reins.\"\n                                    F. Lewis.\n\n    \"Let not Medea draw her murdering knife,\n    And spill her children's blood upon the stage.\"\n                                    Lord Roscommon.\n\n=Medicine=, see Apollo.\n\n=Meditation=, see Harpocrates.\n\n=Medusa= (Medu\u02b9sa). One of the Gorgons. Minerva changed her beautiful\nhair into serpents. She was conquered by Perseus, who cut off her\nhead, and placed it on Minerva's shield. Every one who looked at the\nhead was turned into stone.\n\nUlysses, in the Odyssey, relates that he wished to see more of the\ninhabitants of Hades, but was afraid, as he says--\n\n    \"Lest Gorgon, rising from the infernal lakes,\n    With horrors armed, and curls of hissing snakes,\n    Should fix me, stiffened at the monstrous sight,\n    A stony image in eternal night.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n    \"Medusa with Gorgonian terror guards\n    The ford.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n    \"Remove that horrid monster, and take hence\n    Medusa's petrifying countenance.\"\n                                    Addison.\n\n=Megaera= (Meg\u02b9aera). One of the three Furies--Greek goddesses of\nvengeance.\n\n=Megale= (Meg\u02b9ale). A Greek name of Juno, meaning great.\n\n=Melicerta= (Melicer\u02b9ta), see Palaemon.\n\n=Mellona= (Mello\u02b9na). One of the rural divinities, the goddess of\nbees.\n\n=Melpomene= (Melpom\u02b9ene). One of the nine Muses, the goddess of\ntragedy.\n\n=Memnon= (Mem\u02b9non), son of Tithonus and of Eos, who after the death of\nHector brought the Aethiopians to the assistance of Priam in the war\nagainst Troy.\n\n=Memory=, see Mnemosyne.\n\n=Mendes= (Men\u02b9des). An Egyptian god like Pan. He was worshiped in the\nform of a goat.\n\n=Menelaus= (Menela\u02b9us). A Spartan king, brother of Agamemnon. The\nelopement of his wife Helen with Paris was the cause of the siege of\nTroy. See Helena.\n\n=Menu= (Me\u02b9nu), or =Manu= (Ma\u02b9nu). The Hindoo law-giver. See\nSatyavrata.\n\n=Merchants=, see Mercury.\n\n=Mercury= (Mer\u02b9cury), the son of Jupiter and Maia, was the messenger\nof the gods, and the conductor of the souls of the dead to Hades. He\nwas the supposed inventor of weights and measures, and presided over\norators and merchants. Mercury was accounted a most cunning thief, for\nhe stole the bow and quiver of Apollo, the girdle of Venus, the\ntrident of Neptune, the tools of Vulcan, and the sword of Mars, and he\nwas therefore called the god of thieves. He is the supposed inventor\nof the lyre, which he exchanged with Apollo for the Caduceus. There\nwas also an Egyptian Mercury under the name of Thoth, or Thaut, who is\ncredited with having taught the Egyptians geometry and hieroglyphics.\nHermes is the Greek name of Mercury. In art he is usually represented\nas having on a winged cap, and with wings on his heels.\n\n    \"And there, without the power to fly,\n    Stands fix'd a tip-toe Mercury.\"\n                                    Lloyd, 1750.\n\n    \"Then fiery expedition be my wing,\n    Jove's Mercury, and herald for a king.\"\n\n    \"Be Mercury, set feathers to thy heels\n    And fly, like thought, from them to me again.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Meru= (Me\u02b9ru). The abode of the Hindoo god Vishnu. It is at the top\nof a mountain 8,000 leagues high. The Olympus of the East Indians.\n\n=Midas= (Mi\u02b9das). A king of Phrygia, who begged of Bacchus the special\ngift that everything that he touched might be turned into gold. The\nrequest was granted, and as soon as he touched his food it also was\nturned to gold, and for fear of being starved he was compelled to ask\nthe god to withdraw the power he had bestowed upon him. He was told to\nbathe in the river Pactolus. He did so, and the sands which he stood\non were golden forever after. It was this same king who, being\nappointed to be judge in a musical contest between Apollo and Pan,\ngave the satyr the palm; whereupon Apollo, to show his contempt,\nbestowed on him a pair of asses' ears. This gave rise to the term\n\"Midas-eared\" as a synonym for ill-judged, or indiscriminate.\n\n    \"He dug a hole, and in it whispering said,\n    What monstrous ears sprout from King Midas' head.\"\n                                    Ovid.\n\n=Milo= (Mi\u02b9lo), a celebrated Croton athlete, who is said to have\nfelled an ox with his fist, and to have eaten the beast in one day.\nHis statue is often seen with one hand in the rift of a tree trunk,\nout of which he is vainly trying to withdraw it. The fable is, that\nwhen he got to be an old man he attempted to split an oak tree, but\nhaving lost his youthful vigor, the tree closed on his hand and he was\nheld a prisoner till the wolves came and devoured him.\n\n=Mimallones= (Mimallo\u02b9nes). The \"wild women\" who accompanied Bacchus,\nso called because they mimicked his actions, putting horns on their\nheads when they took part in his orgies.\n\n=Mimir= (Mi\u02b9mir). In Scandinavian mythology the god of wisdom.\n\n=Mind=, see Erinnys.\n\n=Minerva= (Miner\u02b9va), the goddess of wisdom, war, and the liberal\narts, is said to have sprung from the head of Jupiter fully armed for\nbattle. She was a great benefactress of mankind, and patroness of the\nfine arts. She was the tutelar deity of the city of Athens. She is\nalso known by the names of Pallas, Parthenos, Tritonia, and Glaukopis.\nShe was very generally worshiped by the ancients, and her temple at\nAthens, the Parthenon, still remains. She is represented in statues\nand pictures as wearing a golden helmet encircled with an olive\nbranch, and a breastplate. In her right hand she carries a lance, and\nby her side is the famous aegis or shield, covered with the skin of\nAmalthaea, the goat which nourished Jupiter; and for the boss of the\nshield is the head of Medusa. An owl, the emblem of meditation, is on\nthe left; and a cock, the emblem of courage, on the right. The Elgin\nMarbles in the British Museum, London, were brought from the\nParthenon, her temple at Athens.\n\n=Minos= (Mi\u02b9nos). The supreme of the three judges of hell, before whom\nthe spirits of the departed appeared and heard their doom.\n\n=Minotaur= (Min\u02b9otaur). The monster, half man, half bull, which\nTheseus slew.\n\n=Mirth=, see Momus.\n\n=Misery=, see Genii.\n\n=Mithras= (Mith\u02b9ras). A Persian divinity, the ruler of the universe,\ncorresponding with the Roman Sol.\n\n=Mnemosyne= (Mnemos\u02b9yne). Mother of the Muses and goddess of memory.\nJupiter courted the goddess in the guise of a shepherd.\n\n=Moakibat= (Moak\u02b9ibat). The recording angel of the Mohammedans.\n\n=Moloch= (Mo\u02b9loch). A god of the Phoenicians to whom human victims,\nprincipally children, were sacrificed. Moloch is figurative of the\ninfluence which impels us to sacrifice that which we ought to cherish\nmost dearly.\n\n    \"First Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood\n    Of human sacrifice, and parents' tears,\n    Though for the noise of drums and timbrels loud,\n    Their children's cries unheard, that poured through fire\n    To this grim idol.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Momus= (Mo\u02b9mus). The god of mockery and blame. The god who blamed\nJove for not having made a window in man's breast, so that his\nthoughts could be seen. His bitter jests occasioned his being driven\nfrom heaven in disgrace. He is represented as holding an image of\nFolly in one hand, and raising a mask from his face with the other. He\nis also described as the god of mirth or laughter.\n\n=Moneta= (Mone\u02b9ta). A name given to Juno by those writers who\nconsidered her the goddess of money.\n\n=Money=, see Moneta.\n\n=Money-God=, see Mammon.\n\n=Moon.= The moon was, by the ancients, called _Hecate_ before and\nafter setting; _Astarte_ when in crescent form; _Diana_ when in full.\nSee Luna.\n\n    \"Soon as the evening shades prevail\n    The moon takes up her wondrous tale,\n    And nightly to the list'ning earth\n    Repeats the story of her birth.\"\n                                    Addison.\n\n=Morpheus= (Mor\u02b9pheus). The Greek god of sleep and dreams, the son and\nminister of Somnus.\n\n    \"Morpheus, the humble god that dwells\n    In cottages and smoky cells;\n    Hates gilded roofs and beds of down,\n    And though he fears no prince's frown,\n    Flies from the circle of a crown.\"\n                                    Sir John Denman.\n\n=Mors.= Death, a daughter of Nox (Night).\n\n=Mountain=, see Atlas, Nymph.\n\n=Mulciber= (Mul\u02b9ciber). A name of Vulcan, sometimes spelled Mulcifer,\nthe smelter of metals. See Vulcan.\n\n=Munin= (Mun\u02b9in). The Scandinavian god of memory, represented by the\nraven that was perched on Odin's shoulder.\n\n=Muscarius= (Musca\u02b9rius). A name given to Jupiter because he kept off\nthe flies from the sacrifices.\n\n=Muses, The= (Mu\u02b9ses), were nine daughters of Jupiter and Mnemosyne.\nThey presided over the arts and sciences, music and poetry. Their\nnames were, Calliope, Clio, Erato, Thalia, Melpomene, Terpsichore,\nEuterpe, Polyhymnia, and Urania. They principally resided in Mount\nParnassus, at Helicon.\n\n    \"Be thou the tenth Muse, ten times more in worth,\n    Than those old nine which rhymers advocate.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Music=, see Apollo, Muses.\n\n=Mythras= (My\u02b9thras). The Egyptian name of Apollo.\n\n\n=Naiads, The= (Nai\u02b9ads), were beautiful nymphs of human form who\npresided over springs, fountains, and wells. They resided in the\nmeadows by the sides of rivers. Virgil mentions Aegle as being the\nfairest of the Naiades.\n\n=Nandi= (Nan\u02b9di). The Hindoo goddess of joy.\n\n=Narrae= (Nar\u02b9rae). The name of the infernal regions amongst the\nHindoos.\n\n=Narayan= (Na\u02b9ra\u02b9yan). The mover of the waters. The Hindoo god of\ntides.\n\n=Narcissus= (Narcis\u02b9sus), son of Cephisus and the Naiad Liriope, was a\nbeautiful youth, who was so pleased with the reflection of himself\nwhich he saw in the placid water of a fountain that he could not help\nloving it, imagining that it must be some beautiful nymph. His\nfruitless endeavors to possess himself of the supposed nymph drove him\nto despair, and he killed himself. There sprang from his blood a\nflower, which was named after him, Narcissus.\n\n    \"Narcissus so himself forsook,\n    And died to kiss his shadow in the brook.\"\n\n    \"Hadst thou Narcissus in thy face, to me\n    Thou wouldst appear most ugly.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Nastrond= (Nas\u02b9trond). The Scandinavian place of eternal punishment,\ncorresponding with Hades.\n\n  [Illustration: Hero and Leander\n      _See page 66_]\n\n=Natio= (Na\u02b9tio). A Roman goddess who took care of young infants.\n\n=Nemaean Lion= (Nemae\u02b9an), see Hercules.\n\n=Nemesis= (Nem\u02b9esis), the goddess of vengeance or justice, was one of\nthe infernal deities. Her mother was Nox. She was supposed to be\nconstantly traveling about the earth in search of wickedness, which\nshe punished with the greatest severity. She is referred to by some\nwriters under the name of Adrasteia. The Romans always sacrificed to\nthis goddess before they went to war, because they wished to signify\nthat they never took up arms but in the cause of justice.\n\n    \"Forbear, said Nemesis, my loss to moan,\n    The fainting, trembling hand was mine alone.\"\n                                    Dr. J. Wharton.\n\n=Nephalia= (Nepha\u02b9lia). Grecian festivals in honor of Mnemosyne, the\nmother of the Muses.\n\n=Neptune= (Nep\u02b9tune), god of the sea, was a son of Saturn and Cybele,\nand brother to Jupiter and Pluto. He quarreled with Jupiter because he\ndid not consider that the dominion of the sea was equal to Jupiter's\nempire of heaven and earth; and he was banished from the celestial\nregions, after having conspired with Pluto to dethrone Jupiter.\nNeptune was married to Amphitrite, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, by\nwhom he had a son named Triton. He was also father of Polyphemus (one\nof the Cyclopes), Phoreus, and Proteus. Neptune is represented as\nbeing seated in a shell chariot, drawn by dolphins or sea-horses, and\nsurrounded by Tritons and sea-nymphs. He holds in his hand a trident,\nwith which he rules the waves. Though a marine deity, he was reputed\nto have presided over horse-training and horse-races; but he is\nprincipally known as the god of the ocean; and the two functions of\nthe god are portrayed in the sea horses with which his chariot is\ndrawn, the fore-half of the animal being a horse, and the hind-half a\ndolphin. Ships were also under his protection, and whenever he\nappeared on the ocean there was a dead calm.\n\n=Nereides, The= (Nere\u02b9ides), were aquatic nymphs. They were daughters\nof Nereus and Doris, and were fifty in number. They are generally\nrepresented as beautiful girls riding on dolphins, and carrying\ntridents in the right hand or garlands of flowers.\n\n=Nereus= (Nere\u02b9us). A sea deity, husband of Doris. He had the gift of\nprophecy, and foretold fates; but he had also the power of assuming\nvarious shapes, which enabled him to escape from the importunities of\nthose who were anxious to consult him.\n\n=Nessus= (Nes\u02b9sus). The name of the Centaur that was destroyed by\nHercules for insulting his wife Deianira. Nessus's blood-smeared robe\nproved fatal to Hercules.\n\n=Nestor= (Nes\u02b9tor). A grandson of Neptune, his father being Neleus,\nand his mother Chloris. Homer makes him one of the greatest of the\nGreek heroes. He was present at the famous battle between the Lapithae\nand the Centaurs, and took a leading part in the Trojan war.\n\n                \"... Here's Nestor\n    Instructed by the antiquary times,\n    He must, he is, he cannot but be wise.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Nicephorus= (Niceph\u02b9orus). A name of Jupiter, meaning the bearer of\nvictory.\n\n=Nidhogg= (Nid\u02b9hogg). In Scandinavian mythology the dragon who dwells\nin Nastrond.\n\n=Niflheim= (Nifl\u02b9heim). The Scandinavian hell. It was supposed to\nconsist of nine vast regions of ice beneath the North Pole, where\ndarkness reigns eternally. See Nastrond.\n\n=Night=, see Nox.\n\n=Nightingale=, see Philomela.\n\n=Nightmare=, see Incubus.\n\n=Nilus= (Ni\u02b9lus), a king of Thebes, who gave his name to the Nile, the\ngreat Egyptian river.\n\n=Nine, The=, see Muses.\n\n=Niobe= (Ni\u02b9obe) was a daughter of Tantalus, and is the\npersonification of grief. By her husband Amphion she had seven sons\nand seven daughters. By the orders of Latona the father and sons were\nkilled by Apollo, and the daughters (except Chloris) by Diana. Niobe,\nbeing overwhelmed with grief, escaped further trouble by being turned\ninto a stone.\n\n=Nomius= (No\u02b9mius). A law-giver; one of the names of Apollo. This\ntitle was also given to Mercury for the part he took in inventing\nbeneficent laws.\n\n=Norns.= Three Scandinavian goddesses, who wove the woof of human\ndestiny. The three witches in Shakespeare's \"Macbeth\" have their\norigin in the Scandinavian Norns.\n\n=Notus= (No\u02b9tus). Another name for Auster, the south wind.\n\n=Nox= was the daughter of Chaos, and sister of Erebus and Mors. She\npersonified night, and was the mother of Nemesis and the Fates.\n\n=Nundina= (Nundi\u02b9na). The goddess who took charge of children when\nthey were nine days old--the day (_Nona dies_) on which the Romans\nnamed their children.\n\n=Nuptialis= (Nuptia\u02b9lis). A title of Juno. When the goddess was\ninvoked under this name the gall of the victim was taken out and\nthrown behind the altar, signifying that there should be no gall\n(bitterness) or anger between married people.\n\n=Nuriel= (Nu\u02b9riel). In Hebrew mythology the god of hailstorms.\n\n=Nyctelius= (Nycte\u02b9lius). A name given to Bacchus, because his\nfestivals were celebrated by torchlight.\n\n=Nymphs.= This was a general name for a class of inferior female\ndeities who were attendants of the gods. Some of them presided over\nsprings, fountains, wells, woods, and the sea. They are spoken of as\nland-nymphs or Naiads, and sea-nymphs or Nereids, though the former\nare associated also with fountains and rivers. The Dryads were\nforest-nymphs, and the Hamadryads were nymphs who lived among the\noak-trees--the oak being always specially venerated by the ancients.\nThe mountain-nymphs were called Oreads.\n\n    \"With flower-inwoven tresses torn,\n    The nymphs in twilight shade\n    Of tangled thickets mourn.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Nysae= (Ny\u02b9sae). The names of the nymphs by whom Bacchus was nursed.\nSee Dionysius.\n\n=Nysaeus= (Ny\u02b9saeus). A name of Bacchus, because he was worshiped at\nNysa, a town of Aethiopia.\n\n=Nysus= (Ny\u02b9sus). A king of Megara who was invisible by virtue of a\nparticular lock of hair. This lock his daughter Scylla cut off, and so\nbetrayed her father to his enemies. She was changed into a lark, and\nthe king into a hawk, and he still pursues his daughter, intending to\npunish her for her treachery.\n\n\n=Oannes= (Oan\u02b9nes). An Eastern (Babylonian) god, represented as a\nmonster, half-man, half-fish. He was said to have taught men the use\nof letters in the day-time, and at night to have retired to the depth\nof the ocean.\n\n=Oath=, see Lapis.\n\n=Obambou= (Obam\u02b9bou). A devil of African mythology.\n\n=Ocean=, see Neptune.\n\n=Oceanides= (Ocean\u02b9ides). Sea-nymphs, daughters of Oceanus and Tethys.\nTheir numbers are variously estimated by different poets; some saying\nthere were as many as 3,000, while others say they were as few as\nsixteen. The principal of them are mentioned under their respective\nnames, as Amphitrite, Doris, Metis, etc.\n\n=Oceanus= (Oce\u02b9anus), son of Coelus and Terra, and husband of Tethys.\nSeveral mythological rivers were called his sons, as Alpheus, Peneus,\netc., and his daughters were called the Oceanides. Some of the\nancients worshiped him as the god of the seas, and invariably invoked\nhis aid when they were about to start on a voyage. He was also thought\nto personify the immense stream which it was supposed surrounded the\nearth, and into which the sun and moon and other heavenly bodies sank\nevery day.\n\n=Ocridion= (Ocrid\u02b9ion). A king of Rhodes, who was deified after his\ndeath.\n\n=Ocypete= (Ocy\u02b9pete). One of the Harpies, who infected everything she\ntouched. The word means swift of flight.\n\n=Ocyroe= (Ocy\u02b9roe). A daughter of Chiron, who had the gift of\nprophecy. She was metamorphosed into a mare.\n\n=Odin= (O\u02b9din). In Scandinavian mythology the god of the universe,\nand reputed father of all the Scandinavian kings. His wife's name was\nFriga, and his two sons were Thor and Balder. The _Wodin_ of the early\nGerman tribes.\n\n=Oeagrus= (Oe\u02b9agrus). King of Thrace, and father of Orpheus.\n\n=Oedipus= (Oed\u02b9ipus). A son of Laius, King of Thebes, best known as\nthe solver of the famous enigma propounded by the Sphinx. In solving\nthe riddle Oedipus unwittingly killed his father, and, discovering the\nfact, he destroyed his own eyesight, and wandered away from Thebes,\nattended by his daughter Antigone. Oedipus is the subject of two\nfamous tragedies by Sophocles.\n\n=Oenone= (Oeno\u02b9ne). Wife of Paris, a nymph of Mount Ida, who had the\ngift of prophecy.\n\n=Ogygia= (Ogyg\u02b9ia). An island, the abode of Calypso, in the\nMediterranean Sea, on which Ulysses was shipwrecked. It was so\nbeautiful in sylvan scenery that even Mercury (who dwelt on Olympus)\nwas charmed with the spot.\n\n=Ointment=, see Phaon.\n\n=Olenus= (Ole\u02b9nus). A son of Vulcan, who married Lathaea, a woman who\nthought herself more beautiful than the goddesses, and as a punishment\nshe and her husband were turned into stone statues.\n\n=Olives=, see Aristaeus.\n\n=Olympius= (Olym\u02b9pius). A name of Jupiter, from Olympia, where the god\nhad a splendid temple, which was considered to be one of the seven\nwonders of the world.\n\n=Olympus= (Olym\u02b9pus) was the magnificent mountain on the coast of\nThessaly, 9,000 feet high, where the gods were supposed to reside.\nThere were several other smaller mountains of the same name.\n\n    \"High heaven with trembling the dread signal took,\n    And all Olympus to the center shook.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Olyras= (Oly\u02b9ras). A river near Thermopylae, which, it is said,\nattempted to extinguish the funeral pile on which Hercules was\nconsumed.\n\n=Omophagia= (Omopha\u02b9gia). A Bacchanalian festival at which some\nuncooked meats were served.\n\n=Omphale= (Om\u02b9phale). The Queen of Lydia, to whom Hercules was sold as\na bondsman for three years for the murder of Iphitus. Hercules fell in\nlove with her, and led an effeminate life in her society, wearing\nfemale apparel, while Omphale wore the lion's skin.\n\n=Onarus= (Ona\u02b9rus). A priest of Bacchus, said to have married Ariadne\nafter she had been abandoned by Theseus.\n\n=Onuva= (Onu\u02b9va). The Venus of the ancient Gauls.\n\n=Opalia= (Opa\u02b9lia). Roman festivals in honor of Ops, held on 14th of\nthe calends of January.\n\n=Opiate-rod=, see Caduceus.\n\n    \"Eyes ... more wakeful than to drowse,\n    Charmed with Arcadian pipe--the pastoral reed\n    Of Hermes or his opiate-rod.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Ops.= Mother of the gods, a daughter of Coelus and Terra. She was\nknown by the several names of Bona Dea, Rhea, Cybele, Magna Mater,\nProserpine, Tellus, and Thya; and occasionally she is spoken of as\nJuno and Minerva. She personified labor, and is represented as a\ncomely matron, distributing gifts with her right hand, and holding in\nher left hand a loaf of bread. Her festival was the 14th day of the\nJanuary calends.\n\n=Oracles=, see Themis.\n\n=Oraea= (Orae\u02b9a). Certain sacrifices offered to the goddesses of the\nseasons to invoke fair weather for the ripening of the fruits of the\nearth.\n\n=Orbona= (Orbo\u02b9na). Roman goddess of children, invoked by mothers when\nthey lost or were in danger of losing their offspring.\n\n=Orchards=, see Feronia.\n\n=Oreades= (O\u02b9reades) were mountain nymphs, attendants on Diana.\n\n=Orgies.= Drunken revels. The riotous feasts of Bacchus were so\ndesignated.\n\n=Orion= (Ori\u02b9on). A handsome hunter, of great stature, who was blinded\nby Oenopion for a grievous wrong done to Merope, and was therefore\nexpelled from Chios. The sound of the Cyclops' hammers led him to the\nabode of Vulcan, who gave him a guide. He then consulted an oracle,\nand had his sight restored, as Longfellow says, by fixing\n\n    \"His blank eyes upon the sun.\"\n\nHe was afterward slain by Diana and placed amongst the stars, where\nhis constellation is one of the most splendid.\n\n=Orithyia= (Ori\u02b9thy\u02b9ia). A daughter of Erechtheus, whose lover,\nBoreas, carried her off while she was wandering by the river Ilissus.\nHer children were Zetus and Calais, two winged warriors who\naccompanied the Argonauts.\n\n=Ormuzd= (Or\u02b9muzd). In Persian mythology the creator of all things.\n\n=Oros= (O\u02b9ros). The Egyptian Apollo.\n\n=Orphans=, see Orbona.\n\n=Orpheus= (Or\u02b9pheus) was son of Apollo and the Muse Calliope. He was\nmarried to Eurydice; but she was stung by a serpent, and died. Orpheus\nwent down to Hades to claim her, and played so sweetly with his lute\nthat Pluto allowed Eurydice to return to the earth with Orpheus, but\non condition that he did not look behind him until he had reached the\nterrestrial regions. Orpheus, however, in his anxiety to see if she\nwere following him, looked round, and Eurydice disappeared from his\nsight, instantly and forever.\n\n    \"Orpheus' lute was strung with poets' sinews.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Osiris= (Osi\u02b9ris). The Egyptian god of the sun, the source of warmth,\nlife, and fruitfulness; he was worshiped under the form of a sacred\nbull, named Apis.\n\n                  \"... After these appeared\n    A crew who, under names of old renown,\n    Osiris, Isis, Orus, and their train,\n    With monstrous shapes and sorceries abused\n    Fanatic Egypt and her priests to seek\n    Their wandering gods, disguised in brutish forms\n    Rather than human.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Ossa= (Os\u02b9sa). One of the mountains of Thessaly (once the residence\nof the centaurs) which the giants piled on the top of Mount Pelion to\nenable them to ascend to heaven and attack the gods.\n\n=Ox=, see Apis.\n\n=Owl=, see Aesculapius and Itys.\n\n\n=Pactolus= (Pacto\u02b9lus). The river in Lydia where Midas washed himself\nby order of Bacchus, and the sands were turned to gold.\n\n=Paean= (Pae\u02b9an). A name given Apollo, from _paean_, the hymn which\nwas sung in his honor after he had killed the serpent Python. Paeans\nwere solemn songs, praying either for the averting of evil and for\nrescue, or giving thanks for help vouchsafed.\n\n    \"With hymns divine the joyous banquet ends,\n    The Paeans lengthened till the sun descends.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Palaemon= (Palae\u02b9mon), or Melicerta, a sea-god, son of Athamas and\nIno.\n\n=Pales= (Pa\u02b9les). The goddess of shepherds and sheepfolds and\nprotectress of flocks; her festivals were called by the Romans\nPalilia.\n\n    \"Pomona loves the orchard,\n      And Liber loves the wine,\n    And Pales loves the straw-built shed,\n      Warm with the breath of kine.\"\n                                    Macaulay.\n\n    \"Great Pales help, the pastoral rites I sing,\n    With humble duty mentioning each thing.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Palladium= (Palla\u02b9dium). A famous statue of the goddess Pallas\n(Minerva). She is sitting with a spear in her right hand, and in her\nleft a distaff and spindle. Various accounts are given of the origin\nof the statue. Some writers say that it fell from the skies. It was\nsupposed that the preservation of the statue would be the preservation\nof Troy; and during the Trojan War the Greeks were greatly encouraged\nwhen they became the possessors of it.\n\n=Pallas= (Pal\u02b9las), or Minerva. The name was given to Minerva when she\ndestroyed a famous giant named Pallas. The Greeks called their goddess\nof wisdom Pallas Athene. See Minerva.\n\n    \"Apollo, Pallas, Jove, or Mercury,\n    Inspire me that I may this treason find.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n  [Illustration: Iris\n      _See page 73_]\n\n=Pan.= The Arcadian god of shepherds, huntsmen, and country folk, and\nchief of the inferior deities, is usually considered to have been the\nson of Mercury and Penelope. After his birth he was metamorphosed\ninto the mythical form in which we find him depicted, namely, a\nhorned, long-eared man, with the lower half of the body like a goat.\nHe is generally seen playing a pipe made of reeds of various lengths,\nwhich he invented himself, and from which he could produce music which\ncharmed even the gods. These are the Pan-pipes, or _Syrinx_. Pan's\nterrific appearance once so frightened the Gauls when they invaded\nGreece that they ran away though no one pursued them; and the word\n_panic_ is said to have been derived from this episode. The Fauns, who\ngreatly resembled Pan, were his attendants.\n\n    \"Piping on their reeds the shepherds go,\n    Nor fear an ambush, nor suspect a foe.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Pandora= (Pando\u02b9ra), according to Hesiod, was the first mortal\nfemale. Vulcan made her of clay, and gave her life. Venus gave her\nbeauty; and the art of captivating was bestowed upon her by the\nGraces. She was taught singing by Apollo, and Mercury taught her\noratory. Jupiter gave her a box, the famous \"Pandora's Box,\" which she\nwas told to give to her husband, Epimetheus, brother of Prometheus. As\nsoon as he opened it there issued from it numberless diseases and\nevils which were soon spread all over the world, and from that moment\nthey have afflicted the human race. It is said that Hope alone\nremained in the box. Pandora means \"the all-gifted.\"\n\n    \"More lovely than Pandora, whom the gods\n    Endowed with all their gifts.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Pantheon= (Panthe\u02b9on) (lit. \"the all-divine place\"). The temple of\nall the gods, built by Agrippa at Rome, in the reign of Augustus (B.C.\n27). It was 144 feet in diameter, and 144 feet high; and was built in\nthe Corinthian style of architecture, mostly of marble; while its\nwalls were covered with engraved brass and silver. Its magnificence\ninduced Pliny to give it rank among the wonders of the world.\n\n=Paphia= (Pa\u02b9phia), a name of Venus.\n\n=Papremis= (Pap\u02b9remis). The Egyptian Mars.\n\n=Parcae, The= (Par\u02b9cae), were goddesses who presided over the destiny\nof human beings. They were also called the Fates, and were three in\nnumber, Atropos, Clotho, and Lachesis. See Fates.\n\n=Paris= (Par\u02b9is), the son of Priam, king of Troy, and of his mother\nHecuba. It had been predicted that he would be the cause of the\ndestruction of Troy, and his father therefore ordered him to be\nstrangled as soon as he was born; but the slave who had been entrusted\nwith this mission took the child to Mount Ida, and left it there. Some\nshepherds, however, found the infant and took care of him. He lived\namong them till he had grown to man's estate, and he then married\nOenone, a nymph of Ida. At the famous nuptial feast of Peleus and\nThetis, Discordia, who had not been invited, attended secretly; and\nwhen all were assembled, she threw among the goddesses a golden apple,\non which was inscribed \"Let the fairest take it.\" This occasioned a\ngreat contention, for each thought herself the fairest. Ultimately,\nthe contestants were reduced to three, Juno, Pallas (Minerva), and\nVenus; but Jove himself could not make these three agree, and it was\ndecided that Paris should be the umpire. He was sent for, and each of\nthe goddesses courted his favor by offering all sorts of bribes. Juno\noffered him power, Pallas wisdom, and Venus promised him the most\nbeautiful woman in the world. Paris gave the golden apple to Venus.\nSoon after this episode Priam owned Paris as his son, and sent him to\nGreece to fetch Helen, who was renowned as being the most beautiful\nwoman in the world. She was the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta; but\nduring his absence Paris carried Helen away to Troy, and this gave\nrise to the celebrated war between the Greeks and the Trojans, which\nended in the destruction of Troy. Paris was among the 676,000 Trojans\nwho fell during or after the siege.\n\n=Parnassides= (Parnas\u02b9sides), a name common to the Muses, from Mount\nParnassus.\n\n=Parnassus= (Parnas\u02b9sus). The mountain of the Muses in Phocis, and\nsacred to Apollo and Bacchus. Any one who slept on this mountain\nbecame a poet. It was named after one of the sons of Bacchus.\n\n=Parthenon= (Par\u02b9thenon). The temple of Minerva (or Pallas) on the\nAcropolis at Athens. It was destroyed by the Persians, and rebuilt by\nPericles.\n\n=Parthenos= (Par\u02b9thenos) was a name of Juno, and also of Minerva. See\nPallas.\n\n=Pasiphae= (Pasiph\u02b9ae) was the reputed mother of the Minotaur killed\nby Theseus. She was said to be the daughter of Sol and Perseis, and\nher husband was Minos, king of Crete.\n\n=Pasithea= (Pasith\u02b9ea). Sometimes there are _four_ Graces spoken of;\nwhen this is so, the name of the fourth is Pasithea. Also called\nAglaia.\n\n=Pavan= (Pav\u02b9an), the Hindoo god of the winds.\n\n=Peace=, see Concordia.\n\n=Peacock=, see Argus.\n\n=Pegasus= (Peg\u02b9asus). The famous winged horse which was said to have\nsprung from the blood of Medusa when her head was cut off by Perseus.\nHis abode was on Mount Helicon, where, by striking the ground with his\nhoof, he caused water to spring forth, which formed the fountain\nafterward called Hippocrene.\n\n    \"Each spurs his faded\n      Pegasus apace.\"\n                                    Byron.\n\n    \"Thy stumbling founder'd jade can trot as high\n    As any other Pegasus can fly.\"\n                                    Earl of Dorset.\n\n    \"To turn and wind a fiery Pegasus,\n    And witch the world with noble horsemanship.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Peleus= (Pe\u02b9leus). A king of Thessaly, who married Thetis, one of the\nNereides. It is said that he was the only mortal who married an\nimmortal.\n\n=Pelias= (Pe\u02b9lias). A son of Neptune and Tyro. He usurped the throne\nof Cretheus, which Jason was persuaded to relinquish and take the\ncommand of the Argonautic expedition. On the return of Jason, Medea,\nthe sorceress, undertook to restore Pelias to youth, but required that\nthe body should first be cut up and put in a caldron of boiling water.\nWhen this had been done, Medea refused to fulfil her promise. Pelias\nhad four daughters, who were called the Peliades.\n\n=Pelias= (Pe\u02b9lias) was the name of the spear of Achilles, which was so\nlarge that none could wield it but the hero himself.\n\n=Pelion= (Pe\u02b9lion). A well-wooded mountain, famous for the wars\nbetween the giants and the gods, and as the abode of the Centaurs, who\nwere expelled by the Lapithae. See Ossa, a mount, which the giants\npiled upon Pelion, to enable them to scale the heavens.\n\n    \"The gods they challenge, and affect the skies,\n    Heaved on Olympus tottering Ossa stood;\n    On Ossa, Pelion nods with all his wood.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Pelops= (Pe\u02b9lops), son of Tantalus, king of Phrygia. His father\nkilled him, and served him up to be eaten at a feast given to the\ngods, who, when they found out what the father of Pelops had done,\nrestored the son to life, and he afterward became the husband of\nHippodamia.\n\n=Penates= (Pena\u02b9tes). Roman domestic gods. The hearth of the house was\ntheir altar. See Lares.\n\n=Perpetual Punishment=, see Sisyphus.\n\n=Persephone= (Perseph\u02b9one). The Greek name of Proserpine.\n\n=Perseus= (Per\u02b9seus) was a son of Jupiter and Danae, the daughter of\nAcrisius. His first famous exploit was against the Gorgon, Medusa. He\nwas assisted in this enterprise by Pluto, who lent him a helmet which\nwould make him invisible. Pallas lent him her shield, and Mercury\nsupplied him with wings. He made a speedy conquest of the Gorgons, and\ncut off Medusa's head, with which he flew through the air, and from\nthe blood sprang the winged horse Pegasus. As he flew along he saw\nAndromeda chained to the rock, and a sea-monster ready to devour her.\nHe killed the monster, and married Andromeda. When he got back, he\nshowed the Gorgon's head to King Polydectes, and the monarch was\nimmediately turned into stone.\n\n    \"Now on Daedalian waxen pinions stray,\n    Or those which wafted Perseus on his way.\"\n                                    F. Lewis.\n\n=Persuasion=, goddess of, see Pitho.\n\n=Phaeton= (Pha\u02b9eton). A son of Sol, or, according to many\nmythologists, of Phoebus and Clymene. Anxious to display his skill in\nhorsemanship, he was allowed to drive the chariot of the sun for one\nday. The horses soon found out the incapacity of the charioteer,\nbecame unmanageable, and overturned the chariot. There was such great\nfear of injury to heaven and earth, that Jove, to stop the\ndestruction, killed Phaeton with a thunderbolt.\n\n    \"Now Phaeton, by lofty hopes possessed,\n    The burning seat with youthful vigor pressed.\"\n\n    \"The breathless Phaeton, with flaming hair,\n    Shot from the chariot like a falling star\n    That in a summer's evening from the top\n    Of heaven drops down, or seems at least to drop.\"\n                                    Addison.\n\n=Phaon= (Pha\u02b9on). A boatman of Mitylene, in Lesbos, who received from\nVenus a box of ointment, with which, when he anointed himself, he grew\nso beautiful that Sappho became enamored of him; but when the ointment\nhad all been used Phaon returned to his former condition, and Sappho,\nin despair, drowned herself.\n\n=Pheasant=, see Itys.\n\n=Philoctetes= (Philoct\u02b9etes) was son of Poeas, and one of the\ncompanions of Jason on his Argonautic expedition. He was present at\nthe death of Hercules, and received from him the poisoned arrows which\nhad been dipped in the blood of Hydra. These arrows, an oracle\ndeclared, were necessary to be used in the destruction of Troy, and\nPhiloctetes was persuaded by Ulysses to go and assist at the siege.\nHe appears to have used the weapons with great dexterity and with\nwonderful effect, for Paris was among the heroes whom he killed. The\nstory of Philoctetes was dramatized by the Greek tragedians Aeschylus,\nEuripides, and Sophocles.\n\n=Philomela= (Philome\u02b9la) was a daughter of Pandion, king of Athens,\nwho was transformed into a nightingale. She was sister to Procne, who\nmarried Tereus, King of Thrace. The latter having offered violence to\nPhilomela, her sister, Procne, came to her rescue, and to punish her\nhusband slew her son Itylus, and at a feast Philomela threw Itylus's\nhead on the banquet table.\n\n    \"Forth like a fury Philomela flew,\n    And at his face the head of Itys threw.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n    \"And thou, melodious Philomel,\n    Again thy plaintive story tell.\"\n                                    Sir Thomas Lyttleton.\n\n=Phlegethon= (Phleg\u02b9ethon). A river of fire in the infernal regions.\nIt was the picture of desolation, for nothing could grow on its\nparched and withered banks. Also called Pyriphlegethon.\n\n        \"... Infernal rivers ...\n      ... Fierce Phlegethon,\n    Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Phlegon= (Phle\u02b9gon) (burning), one of the four chariot horses of Sol.\n\n=Phlegyas= (Phle\u02b9gyas). Son of Mars and father of Ixion and Coronis.\nFor his impiety in desecrating and plundering the temple of Apollo at\nDelphi, he was sent to Hades, and there was made to sit with a huge\nstone suspended over his head, ready to be dropped on him at any\nmoment.\n\n=Phoebus= (Phoe\u02b9bus). A name of Apollo, signifying light and life.\n\n    \"Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steeds,\n    Toward Phoebus' lodging.\"\n                                    Shakespeare.\n\n=Phorcus= (Phor\u02b9cus), or =Porcys=. A son of Neptune, father of the\nGorgons. The same as Oceanus.\n\n=Phryxus= (Phryx\u02b9us), see Golden Fleece.\n\n=Picumnus= (Picum\u02b9nus). A rural divinity, who presided over the\nmanuring of lands, also called Sterentius.\n\n=Picus= (Pi\u02b9cus). A son of Saturn, father of Faunus, was turned into a\nwoodpecker by Circe, whose love he had not requited.\n\n=Pierides= (Pier\u02b9ides). A name of the Muses, derived from Pieria, a\nfountain in Thessaly, near Mount Olympus, where they were supposed to\nhave been born. Also, the daughters of Pierus, a king of Macedonia,\nwho settled in Boeotia. They challenged the Muses to sing, and were\nchanged into magpies.\n\n=Pietas= (Pie\u02b9tas). The Roman goddess of domestic affection.\n\n=Pillar=, see Calpe.\n\n=Pilumnus= (Pilum\u02b9nus). A rural divinity that presided over the corn\nwhile it was being ground. At Rome he was hence called the god of\nbakers.\n\n=Pine-Tree=, see Atys.\n\n=Pirithous= (Pirith\u02b9ous). A son of Ixion and great friend of Theseus,\nking of Athens. The marriage of Pirithous and Hippodamia became famous\nfor the quarrel between the drunken Centaurs and the Lapithae, who,\nwith the help of Theseus, Pirithous, and Hercules, attacked and\novercame the Centaurs, many of whom were killed, and the remainder\ntook to flight.\n\n=Pitho= (Pi\u02b9tho), the goddess of Persuasion, daughter of Mercury and\nVenus. She is sometimes referred to under the name of Suada.\n\n=Plants=, see Demogorgon.\n\n=Pleasure=, see Rembha.\n\n=Pleiades, The= (Plei\u02b9ades). Seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione.\nTheir names were Electra, Alcyone, Celaeno, Maia, Sterope, Taygete,\nand Merope. They were made a constellation, but as there are only six\nstars to be seen, the ancients believed that one of the sisters,\nMerope, married a mortal, and was ashamed to show herself among her\nsisters, who had all been married to gods.\n\n                            \"... The gray\n    Dawn and the Pleiades before him danced.\n    Shedding sweet influence.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Pluto= (Plu\u02b9to). King of the infernal regions. He was a son of Saturn\nand Ops, and husband of Proserpine, daughter of Ceres. He is\nsometimes referred to under the name Dis, and he personifies hell. His\nprincipal attendant was the three-headed dog Cerberus, and about his\nthrone were the Eumenides, the Harpies, and the Furies.\n\n    \"With equal foot, rich friend, impartial fate\n    Knocks at the cottage and the palace gate.\n        .  .  .  .  .\n    Night soon will seize, and you must go below,\n    To story'd ghosts and Pluto's house below.\"\n                                    Creech.\n\n=Plutus= (Plu\u02b9tus), the god of riches, was son of Jasion or Iasius and\nCeres (Demeter), the goddess of corn. He is described as being blind\nand lame; blind because he so often injudiciously bestows his riches,\nand lame because fortunes come so slowly.\n\n=Pluvius= (Plu\u02b9vius). A name of Jupiter, because he had the rain in\nhis control.\n\n=Podalirius= (Podalir\u02b9ius). A famous surgeon, a son of Aesculapius and\nEpione. His skill in medicine made him very serviceable among the\nsoldiers in the Trojan war.\n\n=Poet=, see Parnassus.\n\n=Poetry=, see Apollo, Calliope, The Muses.\n\n=Poisonous Herbs=, see Circe.\n\n=Poisonous Lake=, see Avernus.\n\n=Pollear= (Poll\u02b9ear). Son of Siva, the Hindoo god of wisdom.\n\n=Pollux= (Pol\u02b9lux). Twin brother of Castor. Their father was Jupiter\nand their mother Leda. He and his brother form the constellation\nGemini. His Greek name was Polydeuces. Castor and Pollux are also\nknown under the name of Dioscuri, the presiding deities of public\ngames in Rome, Castor being the god of equestrian exercise, and Pollux\nthe god of boxing. See Aedepol.\n\n=Polybotes= (Polybo\u02b9tes). One of the giants who made war against\nJupiter. He was killed by Neptune.\n\n=Polydectes= (Polydec\u02b9tes) was turned into stone when Perseus showed\nhim Medusa's head. See Perseus.\n\n=Polydeuces= (Polydeu\u02b9ces). The Greek name of Pollux.\n\n=Polyhymnia= (Polyhym\u02b9nia). Daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne. One of\nthe Muses who presided over singing and rhetoric.\n\n=Polyphemus= (Polyphe\u02b9mus), one of the most celebrated of the Cyclops,\na son of the nymph Thoosa and Neptune, or Poseidon, as the Greeks\ncalled the god of the sea. He captured Ulysses and twelve of his\ncompanions, and it is said that six of them were eaten. The remainder\nescaped by the ingenuity of Ulysses, who destroyed Polyphemus's one\neye with a fire-brand.\n\n    \"Charybdis barks and Polyphemus roars.\"\n                                    Francis.\n\n=Polyxena= (Polyx\u02b9ena). Daughter of Hecuba and Priam, king of Troy. It\nwas by her treachery that Achilles was shot in the heel.\n\n  [Illustration: Laocoon\n      _See page 79_]\n\n=Pomona= (Pomo\u02b9na). The Roman goddess of fruit-trees and gardens.\n\n                      \"So to the sylvan lodge\n    They came, that like Pomona's arbor smiled\n    With flowerets decked and fragrant smells.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Poplar-Tree=, see Heliades.\n\n=Portunus= (Portu\u02b9nus) (Palaemon), son of Ino, was the Roman god of\nharbors.\n\n=Poseidon= (Posei\u02b9don). The Greek name of Neptune, god of the sea.\n\n=Pracriti= (Prac\u02b9riti). The Hindoo goddess of nature.\n\n=Predictions=, see Cassandra.\n\n=Priam= (Pri\u02b9am). The last king of Troy. See Paris.\n\n=Priapus= (Pria\u02b9pus), the guardian of gardens and god of natural\nreproduction, was the son of Venus and Bacchus.\n\n    \"Priapus could not half describe the grace\n    (Though god of gardens) of this charming place.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Prisca= (Pris\u02b9ca). Another name of Vesta.\n\n=Procris= (Pro\u02b9cris). Daughter of Erechtheus, king of Athens. See\nCephalus, her husband.\n\n=Progne= (Prog\u02b9ne), wife of Tereus. Commonly called Procne, whose\nsister was Philomela. See Itys and Tereus.\n\n    \"Complaining oft gives respite to our grief,\n    From hence the wretched Progne sought relief.\"\n                                    F. Lewis.\n\n=Prometheus= (Prome\u02b9theus), the son of Japetus and father of\nDeucalion. He presumed to make clay men, and animate them with fire\nwhich he had stolen from heaven. This so displeased Jupiter that he\nsent him a box full of evils, which Prometheus refused; but his\nbrother Epimetheus, not so cautious, opened it, and the evils spread\nover all the earth. Jupiter then punished Prometheus by commanding\nMercury to bind him to Mount Caucasus, where a vulture daily preyed\nupon his liver, which grew in the night as much as it had been reduced\nin the day, so that the punishment was a prolonged torture. Hercules\nat last killed the vulture and set Prometheus free.\n\n=Prophecy=, see Nereus.\n\n=Proserpine= (Proser\u02b9pine). A daughter of Jupiter and Ceres. Pluto\ncarried her off to the infernal regions and made her his wife. She was\nknown by the names of \"the Queen of Hell,\" Hecate, Juno Inferna, and\nLibitina. She was called by the Greeks Persephone.\n\n    \"He sung, and hell consented\n      To hear the poet's prayer,\n    Stern Proserpine relented,\n      And gave him back the fair.\"\n                                    F. Lewis.\n\n=Proteus= (Pro\u02b9teus). A marine deity, who could foretell events and\nconvert himself at will into all sorts of shapes. According to later\nlegends, Proteus was a son of Poseidon.\n\n    \"The changeful Proteus, whose prophetic mind,\n    The secret cause of Bacchus' rage divined.\"\n                                    The Lusiad.\n\n    \"What chain can hold this varying Proteus fast?\"\n                                    Budgell.\n\n=Psyche= (Psy\u02b9che). The wife of Cupid. The name is Greek, signifying\nthe soul or spirit.\n\n=Pygmalion= (Pygma\u02b9lion). A famous sculptor who had resolved to remain\nunmarried, but he made such a beautiful statue of a goddess that he\nbegged Venus to give it life. His request being granted, Pygmalion\nmarried the animated statue.\n\n    \"Few, like Pygmalion, doat on lifeless charms,\n    Or care to clasp a statue in their arms.\"\n\n=Pylades= (Py\u02b9lades). The son of Strophius, King of Phanote, and\nhusband of Electra; famous on account of his faithful friendship with\nOrestes.\n\n                            \"His wine\n    Was better, Pylades, than thine.\n                        ... If you please\n    To choose me for your Pylades.\"\n                                    F. Lewis.\n\n=Pylotis= (Pylo\u02b9tis). A Greek name of Minerva.\n\n=Pyracmon= (Pyr\u02b9acmon), one of the chiefs of the Cyclopes.\n\n=Pyramus and Thisbe= (Pyr\u02b9amus and This\u02b9be). Two Babylonian lovers,\nthe children of hostile neighbors. See Shakespeare's burlesque of the\nstory of their loves, in \"Midsummer Night's Dream.\"\n\n=Pyrois= (Py\u02b9rois) (luminous). One of the four chariot horses of Sol,\nthe Sun.\n\n=Pythia= (Py\u02b9thia). The priestess of Apollo at Delphi, who delivered\nthe answers of the oracle. Also the name of the Pythian games\ncelebrated in honor of Apollo's victory over the dragon Python.\n\n=Python= (Py\u02b9thon). A famous serpent killed by Apollo, which haunted\nthe caves of Parnassus. See Septerion.\n\n\n=Quadratus= (Quadra\u02b9tus). A surname given to Mercury, because some of\nhis statues were four-sided.\n\n=Quadrifrons= (Quad\u02b9rifrons). Janus was sometimes depicted with four\nfaces instead of the usual two, and he was then called Janus\nQuadrifrons.\n\n=Quies= (Qui\u02b9es). The Roman goddess of rest; she had a temple just\noutside the Colline gate of Rome.\n\n=Quietus= (Quie\u02b9tus). One of the names of Pluto.\n\n=Quirinus= (Quiri\u02b9nus). A name given to Mars during wartime; Virgil\nrefers to Jupiter under the same name.\n\n=Quoit=, see Hyacinthus.\n\n\n=Race=, see Atalanta.\n\n=Radamanthus= (Radaman\u02b9thus), see Rhadamanthus.\n\n=Rage=, see Furies.\n\n=Rainbow=, see Iris.\n\n=Rama= (Ra\u02b9ma). A Hindoo god, who was the terrestrial representative\nof Vishnu.\n\n=Ram's Hide=, see Golden Fleece.\n\n=Reeds=, see Pan, also Syrinx.\n\n=Rembha= (Rem\u02b9bha). The Hindoo goddess of pleasure.\n\n=Reproduction=, see Priapus.\n\n=Rest=, see Quies.\n\n=Revenge=, see Ate.\n\n=Rhadamanthus= (Rhadaman\u02b9thus), a son of Jupiter and Europa, was the\nruler of the Greeks in the Asiatic islands, and judge of the dead in\nthe infernal regions.\n\n    \"These are the realms of unrelenting fate:\n    And awful Rhadamanthus rules the state.\n    He hears and judges each committed crime,\n    Inquires into the manner, place, and time;\n    The conscious wretch must all his acts reveal,\n    Loth to confess, unable to conceal;\n    From the first moment of his vital breath,\n    To the last hour of unrepenting death.\"\n                                    Dryden.\n\n=Rhamnusia= (Rhamnu\u02b9sia). A name of Nemesis, from Rhamnus, a town in\nAttica, where she had a temple in which was her statue, made of one\nstone ten cubits high.\n\n=Rhea= (Rhe\u02b9a). The Greek name of Cybele. She was a daughter of Uranus\nand Gaea, and was called Mother of the gods.\n\n=Rhetoric=, see Calliope, also Polyhymnia.\n\n=Riches=, see Plutus.\n\n=Riddle=, see Sphinx.\n\n=Rimmon= (Rim\u02b9mon). A Phrygian god of whom Milton says--\n\n    \"... Rimmon, whose delightful seat\n    Was fair Damascus, on the fertile banks\n    Of Abana and Pharpar, lucid streams.\"\n\n=Riot=, see Saturnalia.\n\n=River of Fire=, see Phlegethon.\n\n=Roads=, see Vialis.\n\n=Robber=, see Cacus, Coeculus.\n\n=Romulus= (Rom\u02b9ulus). The traditional founder of Rome. He was a son\nof Mars and Ilia, and twin brother of Remus. The infants were thrown\ninto the Tiber, but were miraculously saved and suckled by a she-wolf,\ntill they were found by Faustulus, a shepherd, who brought them up.\nRemus was killed in a quarrel with his brother, and Romulus became the\nfirst King of Rome.\n\n=Rumia Dea= (Rumi\u02b9a Dea). The Roman goddess of babes in arms.\n\n=Rumina= (Ru\u02b9mina). Roman pastoral deities, who protected suckling\ncattle.\n\n=Runcina= (Runci\u02b9na). The goddess of weeding or cleansing the ground.\n\n\n=Sacrifices= were ceremonious offerings made to the gods. To every\ndeity a distinct victim was allotted, and the greatest care was always\ntaken in the selection of them. Anything in any way blemished was\nconsidered as an insult to the god. At the time of the sacrifice the\npeople were called together by heralds led by a procession of\nmusicians. The priest, clothed in white, was crowned with a wreath\nmade of the leaves of the tree which was sacred to the particular god\nto whom the sacrifice was offered. The victim had its horns gilt, and\nwas adorned with a chaplet similar to that of the priest, and was\ndecorated with bright-colored ribbons. The priest then said, \"Who is\nhere?\" to which the spectators replied, \"Many good people.\" \"Begone\nall ye who are profane,\" said the priest; and he then began a prayer\naddressed to all the gods. The sacrifice was begun by putting corn,\nfrankincense, flour, salt, cakes, and fruit on the head of the victim.\nThis was called the Immolation. The priest then took a cup of wine,\ntasted it, and handed it to the bystanders to taste also; some of it\nwas then poured between the horns of the victim, and a few of the\nsaturated hairs were pulled off and put in the fire which was burning\non the altar. Then, turning to the east, the priest drew with his\nknife a crooked line along the back of the beast from the head to the\ntail, and told the assistants to kill the animal. This was done\ndirectly, and the entrails of the victim taken out and carefully\nexamined by the Haruspices to find out what was prognosticated. The\ncarcase was then divided, and the thighs, covered with fat, were put\nin the fire, and the rest of the animal was cut up, cooked, and eaten.\nThis feast was celebrated with dancing, music, and hymns, in praise of\nthe god in whose honor the sacrifice was made. On great occasions as\nmany as a hundred bullocks were offered at one time; and it is said\nthat Pythagoras made this offering when he found out the demonstration\nof the forty-seventh proposition of the book of Euclid.\n\n=Saga= (Sa\u02b9ga). The Scandinavian goddess of history. The word means a\n_saw_ or saying; hence Sagas, which embody Scandinavian legends, and\nheroic or mythical traditions.\n\n=Sagittarius= (Sagitta\u02b9rius), see Chiron.\n\n=Sails=, see Daedalus.\n\n=Salamanders= (Sal\u02b9aman\u02b9ders). The genii who, according to Plato,\nlived in fire.\n\n    \"The spirits of fiery termagants in flame,\n    Mount up and take a Salamander's name.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Salatia= (Sala\u02b9tia), or Salacia, a Roman goddess of the salt water.\nSee Amphitrite.\n\n=Salii= (Sal\u02b9ii). The priests of Mars who had charge of the sacred\nshields.\n\n=Salmoneus= (Salmo\u02b9neus). A king of Elis who, for trying to imitate\nJupiter's thunders, was sent by the god straight to the infernal\nregions.\n\n=Salus= (Sa\u02b9lus). The Roman goddess of health.\n\n=Sappho= (Sap\u02b9pho), a celebrated poetess, a native of Lesbos, who\nflourished in the seventh century B.C. Her only connection with the\ngoddesses of the time is that the Greeks called her \"The tenth Muse.\"\n\n=Sarcasm=, see Momus.\n\n=Saron= (Sa\u02b9ron), a sea-god.\n\n=Sarpedon= (Sarpe\u02b9don), son of Jupiter by Europa. He accompanied\nGlaucus, when the latter set out to assist Priam against the Greeks in\nthe Trojan War. He was slain by Patroclus.\n\n=Saturn= (Sat\u02b9urn), king of the Universe, was father of Jupiter,\nNeptune, and Pluto. These gods quarreled amongst themselves as to the\ndivision of their father's kingdom, which ended in Jupiter having\nheaven and earth, Neptune the sea, and Pluto the infernal regions.\n\n=Saturnalia= (Saturna\u02b9lia). Festivals held in honor of Saturn about\nthe 16th or 18th of December. Principally famous for the riotous\ndisorder which generally attended them.\n\n=Saturnius= (Satur\u02b9nius). A name given to Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto,\nas sons of Saturn.\n\n=Satyavrata= (Satya\u02b9vra\u02b9ta). The Hindoo god of law. The same as Menu.\n\n=Satyrs= (Sat\u02b9yrs). Spirits of the woodland, half men, half goats, and\nfond of wine and women. They were the attendants of Dionysus, and were\nsimilar in most respects to the fauns who attended Pan. See Silenus.\n\n    \"Five satyrs of the woodland sort.\n      .  .  .  .  .  .\n    With asses' hoofs, great goggle eyes,\n    And double chins of monstrous size.\"\n                                    Yalden.\n\n=Scylla= (Scyl\u02b9la). A beautiful nymph who excited the jealousy of\nNeptune's wife, Amphitrite, and was changed by the goddess into a\nfrightful sea-monster, which had six fearfully ugly heads and necks,\nand which, rising unexpectedly from the deep, used to take off as many\nas six sailors from a vessel, and carry them to the bottom of the\nsea. An alternative danger with the whirlpool, Charybdis, which\nthreatened destruction to all mariners.\n\n    \"There on the right her dogs foul Scylla hides,\n    Charybdis roaring on the left presides.\"\n                                    Virgil.\n\n=Scylla= (Scyl\u02b9la). A daughter of Nysus, who was changed into a lark\nfor cutting off a charmed lock of her father's hair. See Nysus.\n\n=Sea=, see Neptune.\n\n=Seasons=, see Vertumnus.\n\n=Sea-Weed=, see Glaucus.\n\n=Segetia= (Sege\u02b9tia). A rural divinity who protected corn during\nharvest-time.\n\n=Sem.= The Egyptian Hercules.\n\n=Semele= (Sem\u02b9ele), daughter of Cadmus and the mother of Bacchus\n(Dionysus), who was born in a miraculous manner after Jupiter had\nvisited her, at her special request, in all his terrible splendor. She\nwas deified after her death, and named Thyone.\n\n=Semi-Dei= were the demi-gods.\n\n=Semones= (Semo\u02b9nes). Roman gods of a class between the \"immortal\" and\nthe \"mortal,\" such as the Satyrs and Fauns.\n\n=Septerion= (Septe\u02b9rion). A festival held every nine years at Delphi\nin honor of Apollo, at which the victory of that god over the Python\nwas grandly represented.\n\n=Serapis= (Sera\u02b9pis). The Egyptian Jupiter, and generally considered\nto be the same as Osiris. See Apis.\n\n=Serpent.= The Greeks and Romans considered the serpent as symbolical\nof guardian spirits, and as such were often engraved on their altars.\nSee Aesculapius, Apollo, Chimaera, Eurydice, and Medusa.\n\n                    \"Pleasing was his shape,\n    And lovely; never since of serpent kind,\n    Lovelier; not those that in Illyria changed\n    Hermione and Cadmus, or the god\n    In Epidaurus, nor to which transformed\n    Ammonian Jove, or Capitoline, was seen.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Seshanaga= (Sesh\u02b9anag\u02b9a). The Egyptian Pluto.\n\n=Sewers=, see Cloacina.\n\n=Sharp-sightedness=, see Lynceus.\n\n=Shepherds=, see Pan.\n\n=Shields=, see Ancilia.\n\n=Ships=, see Neptune.\n\n=Silence=, see Harpocrates and Tacita.\n\n=Silenus= (Sile\u02b9nus). A Bacchanalian demi-god, the chief of the\nSatyrs. He is generally represented as a fat, drunken old man, riding\non an ass, and crowned with flowers.\n\n    \"And there two Satyrs on the ground,\n    Stretched at his ease, their sire Silenus found.\"\n\n=Singing=, see Polyhymnia, Thamyris.\n\n=Sirens, The= (Si\u02b9rens). Sea nymphs, who by their music allured\nmariners to destruction. To avoid the snare when nearing their abode,\nUlysses had the ears of his companions stopped with wax, and had\nhimself tied to the mast of his ship. They thus sailed past in safety;\nbut the Sirens, thinking that their charms had lost their powers,\ndrowned themselves.\n\n=Sisyphus= (Sis\u02b9yphus), son of Aeolus and Enaretta. He was condemned\nto roll a stone to the top of a hill in the infernal regions, and as\nit rolled down again when he reached the summit, his punishment was\nperpetual.\n\n    \"I turned my eye, and as I turned, surveyed\n    A mournful vision! The Sisyphian shade.\n    With many a weary step and many a groan,\n    Up the high hill he leaves a huge round stone,\n    The huge round stone, resulting with a bound\n    Thunders impetuous down, and smokes along the ground.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n    \"Thy stone, O Sisyphus, stands still\n    Ixion rests upon his wheel,\n      And the pale specters dance.\"\n                                    F. Lewis.\n\n=Siva= (Si\u02b9va). In Hindoo mythology the \"changer of form.\" He is\nusually spoken of as the \"Destroyer and Regenerator.\"\n\n=Slaughter=, see Furies.\n\n=Slaves=, see Feronia.\n\n=Sleep=, see Caduceus, Morpheus, and Somnus.\n\n=Sleipner= (Sleip\u02b9ner). The eight-legged horse of Odin, the chief of\nthe Scandinavian gods.\n\n  [Illustration: Winged Mercury\n      _See page 86_]\n\n=Sol.= The sun. The worship of the god Sol is the oldest on record,\nand though he is sometimes referred to as being the same as the god\nApollo, there is no doubt he was worshiped by the Egyptians, Persians,\nand other nations long before the Apollo of the Greeks was heard of.\nSee Surya.\n\n    \"Sol through white curtains shot a timorous ray,\n    And oped those eyes that must eclipse the day.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Somnus= (Som\u02b9nus). The Roman god of sleep, son of Erebus and Nox\n(Night). He was one of the infernal deities, and resided in a gloomy\ncave, void of light and air.\n\n=Sospita= (Sos\u02b9pita). A name of Juno, as the safeguard of women. She\nis called the \"saving goddess.\"\n\n=Soter= (So\u02b9ter). A Greek name of Jupiter, meaning Savior or\ndeliverer.\n\n=Soul=, see Psyche.\n\n=South Wind=, see Auster.\n\n=Spear=, see Pelias.\n\n=Sphinx, The.= A monster having the head and breast of a woman, the\nbody of a dog, the tail of a serpent, the wings of a bird, the paws of\na lion, and a human voice. She lived in the country near Thebes, and\nproposed to every passer-by the following enigma: \"What animal is that\nwhich walks on four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three in the\nevening.\" Oedipus solved the riddle thus: Man is the animal; for, when\nan infant he crawls on his hands and feet, in the noontide of life he\nwalks erect, and as the evening of his existence sets in, he supports\nhimself with a stick. When the Sphinx found her riddle solved she\ndestroyed herself.\n\n=Spider=, see Arachne.\n\n=Spindle=, see Pallas.\n\n=Spinning=, see Arachne, Ergatis.\n\n=Spring=, see Vertumnus.\n\n=Stable=, see Augaeas.\n\n=Stars=, see Aurora.\n\n=Sterentius= (Steren\u02b9tius). The Roman god who invented the art of\nmanuring lands. See also Picumnus.\n\n=Steropes= (Ster\u02b9opes). One of the Cyclopes.\n\n=Stone=, see Medusa and Phlegyas.\n\n=Stone= (rolling), see Sisyphus.\n\n=Streets=, see Apollo.\n\n=Stymphalides= (Stym\u02b9phali\u02b9des). The carnivorous birds destroyed in\nthe sixth labor of Hercules.\n\n=Styx.= A noted river of hell, which was held in such high esteem by\nthe gods that they always swore \"By the Styx,\" and such an oath was\nnever violated. The river has to be crossed in passing to the regions\nof the dead. See Achilles and Thetis.\n\n    \"To seal his sacred vow by Styx he swore:--\n    The lake with liquid pitch,--the dreary shore.\"\n                                    Dryden.\n\n            \"... Infernal rivers that disgorge\n    Into the burning lake their baleful streams,\n    Abhorr\u00e8d Styx, the flood of deadly hate.\"\n\n=Suada= (Sua\u02b9da), the goddess of Persuasion. See Pitho.\n\n=Success=, see Bonus Eventus.\n\n=Sun=, see Aurora, Belus, Sol, and Surya.\n\n=Sunflower=, see Clytie.\n\n=Suradevi= (Sura\u02b9de\u02b9vi). The Hindoo goddess of wine.\n\n=Surgeon= (Sur\u02b9geon), see Podalirius.\n\n=Surya= (Su\u02b9ry\u02b9a). The Hindoo god corresponding to the Roman Sol, the\nsun.\n\n=Swallow=, see Itys.\n\n=Swan=, see Cygnus and Leda.\n\n=Swiftness=, see Atalanta.\n\n=Swine=, see Circe.\n\n=Sylphs.= Genii who, according to Plato, lived in the air.\n\n    \"The light coquettes as Sylphs aloft repair,\n    And sport and flutter in the fields of air.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Sylvester= (Sylves\u02b9ter). The name of Mars when he was invoked to\nprotect cultivated land from the ravages of war.\n\n=Syrinx.= The name of the nymph who, to escape from the importunities\nof Pan, was by Diana changed into reeds, out of which he made his\ncelebrated pipes, and named them \"The Syrinx.\"\n\n\n=Tacita= (Tac\u02b9ita). The goddess of Silence. See Harpocrates, also\nHorus.\n\n=Tantalus= (Tan\u02b9talus). Father of Niobe and Pelops, who, as a\npunishment for serving up his son Pelops as meat at a feast given to\nthe gods, was placed in a pool of water in the infernal regions; but\nthe waters receded from him whenever he attempted to quench his\nburning thirst. Hence the word \"tantalizing\".\n\nSpeaking of this god, Homer's Ulysses says: \"I saw the severe\npunishment of Tantalus. In a lake, whose waters approached to his\nlips, he stood burning with thirst, without the power to drink.\nWhenever he inclined his head to the stream, some deity commanded it\nto be dry, and the dark earth appeared at his feet. Around him lofty\ntrees spread their fruits to view; the pear, the pomegranate, and the\napple, the green olive, and the luscious fig quivered before him,\nwhich, whenever he extended his hand to seize them, were snatched by\nthe winds into clouds and obscurity.\"\n\n    \"There, Tantalus, along the Stygian bound,\n    Pours out deep groans,--his groans through hell resound.\n    E'en in the circling flood refreshment craves\n    And pines with thirst amidst a sea of waves.\"\n\n                \"... And of itself the water flies\n    All taste of living wight, as once it fled\n    The lip of Tantalus.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Tartarus= (Tar\u02b9tarus). An inner region of hell, to which the gods\nsent the exceptionally depraved.\n\n=Telchines= (Telchi\u02b9nes). People of Rhodes, who were envious sorcerers\nand magicians.\n\n=Tellus= (Tel\u02b9lus). A name of Cybele, wife of Saturn, and the Roman\ndeity of mother-earth.\n\n=Tempests=, see Fro.\n\n=Temple.= An edifice erected to the honor of a god or goddess in which\nthe sacrifices were offered.\n\n=Tenth Muse.= Sappho was so called.\n\n=Tereus= (Ter\u02b9eus) was a son of Mars. He married Procne, daughter of\nthe king of Athens, but became enamored of her sister Philomela, who,\nhowever, resented his attentions, which so enraged him that he cut out\nher tongue. When Procne heard of her husband's unfaithfulness she took\na terrible revenge (see Itys). Procne was turned into a swallow,\nPhilomela into a nightingale, Itys into a pheasant, and Tereus into a\nhoopoe, a kind of vulture, some say an owl.\n\n=Tergemina= (Tergemi\u02b9na). A name of Diana, alluding to her triform\ndivinity as goddess of heaven, earth, and hell.\n\n=Terminus= (Ter\u02b9minus). The Roman god of boundaries.\n\n=Terpsichore= (Terpsich\u02b9ore). One of the nine Muses; she presided over\ndancing.\n\n=Terra.= The Earth; one of the most ancient of the Grecian goddesses.\n\n=Thalestris= (Thales\u02b9tris). A queen of the Amazons.\n\n=Thalia= (Thali\u02b9a). One of the nine Muses; she presided over\nfestivals, pastoral poetry and comedy.\n\n=Thalia= (Thali\u02b9a). One of the Graces. (See Charities).\n\n=Thamyris= (Tham\u02b9yris). A skilful singer, who presumed to challenge\nthe Muses to sing, upon condition that if he did not sing best they\nmight inflict any penalty they pleased. He was, of course, defeated,\nand the Muses made him blind.\n\n=Theia= (The\u02b9ia) or =Thea=. A daughter of Uranus and Terra, wife of\nHyperion.\n\n=Themis= (The\u02b9mis), a daughter of Coelus and Terra, and wife of\nJupiter, was the Roman goddess of laws, ceremonies, and oracles.\n\n=Theseus= (The\u02b9seus). One of the most famous of the Greek heroes. He\nwas a son of Aegeus, king of Athens. He rid Attica of Procrustes and\nother evil-doers, slew the Minotaur, conquered the Amazons and married\ntheir Queen.\n\n    \"Breasts that with sympathizing ardor glowed,\n    And holy friendship such as Theseus vowed.\"\n                                    Budgell.\n\n=Thesmorphonis= (Thesmorpho\u02b9nis). A name of Ceres.\n\n=Thetis= (The\u02b9tis). A sea-goddess, daughter of Nereus and Doris. Her\nhusband was Peleus, king of Thessaly, and she was the mother of the\nfamous Achilles, whom she rendered all but invulnerable by dipping him\ninto the River Styx. See Achilles.\n\n=Thief=, see Laverna, Mercury.\n\n=Thor.= The Scandinavian war-god (son of Odin), who had rule over the\naerial regions, and, like Jupiter, hurled thunder against his foes.\n\n=Thor's Belt= is a girdle which doubles his strength whenever the\nwar-god puts it on.\n\n=Thoth.= The Mercury of the Egyptians.\n\n=Thread of Life=, see Fates.\n\n=Thunderbolts=, see Cyclops.\n\n=Thunderer, The=, Jupiter. See Tonitrualis.\n\n    \"O king of gods and men, whose awful hand\n    Disperses thunder on the seas and land,\n    Disposing all with absolute command.\"\n                                    Virgil.\n\n    \"The eternal Thunderer sat enthroned in gold.\"\n                                    Homer.\n\n    \"So when thick clouds enwrap the mountain's head,\n    O'er heaven's expanse like one black ceiling spread;\n    Sudden the Thunderer, with flashing ray,\n    Bursts through the darkness and lets down the day.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Thya= (Thy\u02b9a), a name of Ops.\n\n=Thyades= (Thya\u02b9des). Priestesses of Bacchus, who ran wild in the\nhills, wearing tiger-skins and carrying torches.\n\n=Thyrsus= (Thyr\u02b9sus), a kind of javelin or staff carried by Dionysus\nand his attendants. It was usually wreathed with ivy and topped by a\npine-cone. See Bacchus.\n\n=Tides=, see Narayan.\n\n=Time= (or Saturn). The husband of Virtue and father of Truth.\n\n=Tisiphone= (Tis-iph\u02b9one). One of the Furies, daughter of Nox and\nAcheron, who was the minister of divine vengeance upon mankind.\n\n=Titan= (Ti\u02b9tan). Elder brother of Saturn, who made war against him,\nand was ultimately vanquished by Jupiter.\n\n=Titans= (Ti\u02b9tans) were the supporters of Titan in his war against\nSaturn and Jupiter. They were the sons of Uranus and Gaea, men of\ngigantic stature and of great strength. Hence our English word\n_Titanic_.\n\n=Tithonus= (Ti-tho\u02b9nus). The husband of Aurora. At the request of his\nwife the gods granted him immortality, but she forgot at the same time\nto ask that he should be granted perpetual youth. The consequence was\nthat Tithonus grew old and decrepit, while Aurora remained as fresh as\nthe morning. The gods, however, changed him into a grasshopper, which\nis supposed to moult as it gets old, and grows young again.\n\n=Tityus= (Tit\u02b9yus). A son of Jupiter. A giant who was thrown into the\ninnermost hell for insulting Diana. He, like Prometheus, has a vulture\nconstantly feeding on his ever-growing liver, the liver being supposed\nto be the seat of the passions.\n\n=Toil=, see Atlas.\n\n=Tombs=, see Manes.\n\n=Tongue=, see Tereus.\n\n=Tonitrualis= (Tonitrua\u02b9lis), or Tonans. The Thunderer; a name of\nJupiter.\n\n=Towers=, see Cybele.\n\n=Tragedy=, see Melpomene.\n\n=Trees=, see Aristaeus.\n\n=Tribulation=, see Echidna.\n\n=Triformis= (Trifor\u02b9mis), see Tergemina.\n\n=Triptolemus= (Triptol\u02b9emus). A son of Oceanus and Terra. He was a\ngreat favorite of the goddess Ceres, who cured him of a dangerous\nillness when he was young, and afterwards taught him agriculture. She\ngave him her chariot, which was drawn by dragons, in which he carried\nseed-corn to all the inhabitants of the earth, and communicated the\nknowledge given to him by Ceres. Cicero mentions a Triptolemus as the\nfourth judge of the dead.\n\n    \"Triptolemus, whose useful cares intend\n    The common good.\"\n                                    Pope.\n\n=Triterica= (Triteri\u02b9ca). Bacchanalian festivals.\n\n=Tritons= (Tri\u02b9tons) were sons of Triton, a son of Neptune and\nAmphitrite. They were the trumpeters of the sea-gods, and were\ndepicted as a sort of mermen--the upper half of the body being like a\nman, and the lower half like dolphins.\n\n=Trivia= (Tri\u02b9via). A surname given to Diana, because she presided\nover all places where three roads meet.\n\n=Trophonius= (Tropho\u02b9nius). A legendary hero of architecture, and one\nof Jupiter's most famous oracles.\n\n=Troy.= The classic poets say that the walls of this famous city were\nbuilt by the magic sound of Apollo's lyre. See Dardanus, Helen,\nHercules, Paris.\n\n=Trumpeters=, see Tritons.\n\n=Truth.= A daughter of Time, because Truth is discovered in the\ncourse of Time. Democritus says that Truth lies hidden at the bottom\nof a well.\n\n=Tutelina= (Tutel\u02b9ina). A rural divinity--the goddess of granaries.\n\n=Two Faces=, see Janus.\n\n=Typhoeus= (Typhoe\u02b9us), see Typhon.\n\n=Typhon= (Ty\u02b9phon). A monster with a hundred heads who made war\nagainst the gods, but was crushed by Jove's thunderbolts, and\nimprisoned under Mount Etna.\n\n    \"... Typhon huge, ending in snaky twine.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Typhon= (Ty\u02b9phon). In Egyptian mythology the god who tried to undo\nall the good work effected by Osiris. According to the Greek writer,\nHesiod, Typhon or Typhoeus was a monster giant, son of Terra and\nTartarus.\n\n\n=Uller= (Ul\u02b9ler). The Scandinavian god who presided over archery and\nduels.\n\n=Ulysses= (Ulys\u02b9ses). A noted king of Ithaca, whose exploits in\nconnection with the Trojan war, and his adventures on his return\ntherefrom, are the subject of Homer's Odyssey. His wife's name was\nPenelope, and he was so much endeared to her that he feigned madness\nto get himself excused from going to the Trojan war; but this artifice\nwas discovered, and he was compelled to go. He was of great help to\nthe Grecians, and forced Achilles from his retreat, and obtained the\ncharmed arrows of Hercules from Philoctetes, and used them against the\nTrojans. He enabled Paris to shoot one of them at the heel of\nAchilles, and so kill that charmed warrior. During his wanderings on\nhis homeward voyage he was taken prisoner by the Cyclopes and escaped,\nafter blinding Polyphemus, their chief. At Aeolia he obtained all the\nwinds of heaven, and put them in a bag; but his companions, thinking\nthat the bags contained treasure which they could rob him of when they\ngot to Ithaca, cut the bags, and let out the winds, and the ships were\nimmediately blown back to Aeolia. After Circe had turned his\ncompanions into swine on an island where he and they were shipwrecked,\nhe compelled the goddess to restore them to their human shape again.\nAs he passed the islands of the Sirens he escaped their allurements by\nstopping the ears of his companions with wax, and fastening himself to\nthe mast of his ship. His wife Penelope was a pattern of constancy;\nfor, though Ulysses was reported to be dead, she would not marry any\none else, and had the satisfaction of finding her husband return after\nan absence of about twenty years. The Greek name of Ulysses is\nOdysseus.\n\n    \"To show what pious wisdom's power can do,\n    The poet sets Ulysses in our view.\"\n\n=Undine= (Un\u02b9dine). A water-nymph, or sylph, who, according to fable,\nmight receive a human soul by marrying a mortal.\n\n=Unknown God, An.= With reference to this God, nothing can be more\nappropriate than St. Paul's address to the Athenians, as recorded in\nthe 17th chapter of the Acts of the Apostles:\n\n    \"_Ye_ men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too\n    superstitious. For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions,\n    I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD.\n    Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.\n    God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that\n    he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made\n    with hands; neither is worshiped with men's hands, as though\n    he needed anything, seeing he giveth to all life, and breath,\n    and all things; and hath made of one blood all nations of men\n    for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath\n    determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of\n    their habitation; that they should seek the Lord, if haply\n    they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far\n    from every one of us: for in him we live, and move, and have\n    our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For\n    we are also his offspring. Forasmuch then as we are the\n    offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is\n    like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man's\n    device. And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but\n    now commandeth all men everywhere to repent: because he hath\n    appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in\n    righteousness by _that_ man whom he hath ordained; _whereof_\n    he hath given assurance unto all _men_, in that he hath\n    raised him from the dead.\"\n\n=Unxia= (Unx\u02b9ia). A name of Juno, relating to her protection of newly\nmarried people.\n\n=Urania= (Ura\u02b9nia). A daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne--one of the\nMuses who presided over astronomy.\n\n  [Illustration: Venus de Milo\n      _See page 142_]\n\n=Uranus= (Ura\u02b9nus), literally, heaven. Son and husband of Gaea, the\nEarth, and father of Chronos (Time) and the Titans. The Greek name of\nCoelus; his descendants are sometimes called Uranides.\n\n=Urgus= (Ur\u02b9gus). A name of Pluto, signifying the Impeller.\n\n=Ursa Major= (Ur\u02b9sa Ma\u02b9jor), see Calisto.\n\n=Ursa Minor= (Ur\u02b9sa Mi\u02b9nor), see Arcas.\n\n=Usurers=, see Jani.\n\n=Utgard Loki= (Ut\u02b9gard Lo\u02b9ki). In Scandinavian mythology the king of\nthe giants.\n\n\n=Valhalla= (Valhal\u02b9la). The Scandinavian temple of immortality,\ninhabited by the souls of heroes slain in battle.\n\n=Vali= (Va\u02b9li). The Scandinavian god of archery.\n\n=Valleys=, see Vallonia.\n\n=Vallonia= (Vallo\u02b9nia). The goddess of valleys.\n\n=Varuna= (Varu\u02b9na). The Hindoo Neptune--generally represented as a\nwhite man riding on a sea-horse, carrying a club in one hand and a\nrope or noose to bind offenders in the other.\n\n=Vedius= (Ve\u02b9dius). The same as Vejovis.\n\n=Vejovis= (Vejo\u02b9vis). \"Little Jupiter\"--a name given to Jupiter when\nhe appeared without his thunder.\n\n=Vejupiter= (Veju\u02b9piter), see Vejovis.\n\n=Vengeance=, see Nemesis.\n\n=Venus= (Ve\u02b9nus). The goddess of beauty, and mother of love. She is\nsaid to have sprung from the foam of the sea, and was immediately\ncarried to the abode of the gods on Olympus, where they were all\ncharmed with her extreme beauty. Vulcan married her, but she permitted\nthe attentions of others of the gods, and notably of Mars, their\noffspring being Hermione, Cupid, and Anteros. After this she left\nOlympus and fell in love with Adonis, a beautiful youth, who was\nkilled when hunting a wild boar. Venus indirectly caused the Trojan\nWar, for, when the goddess of discord had thrown among the goddesses\nthe golden apple inscribed \"To the fairest,\" Paris adjudged the apple\nto Venus, and she inspired him with love for Helen, wife of Menelaus,\nking of Sparta. Paris carried off Helen to Troy, and the Greeks\npursued and besieged the city (see Helen, Paris, and Troy). Venus is\nmentioned by the classic poets under the names of Aphrodite, Cypria,\nUrania, Astarte, Paphia, Cythera, and the laughter-loving goddess. Her\nfavorite residence was at Cyprus. Incense alone was usually offered on\nher altars, but if there was a victim it was a white goat. Her\nattendants were Cupids and the Graces.\n\n=Verticordia= (Verti\u02b9cor\u02b9dia). A Roman name of Venus, signifying the\npower of love to change the hard-hearted. The corresponding Greek\nname was Epistrophia.\n\n=Vertumnus= (Vertum\u02b9nus) (\"the Turner,\" \"Changer\"). God of spring, or,\nas some mythologists say, of the seasons; the husband of Pomona, the\ngoddess of fruits and orchards.\n\n=Vesta= (Ves\u02b9ta), daughter of Saturn and Cybele, was the goddess of\nthe hearth and its fire. She had under her special care and protection\na famous statue of Minerva, before which the Vestal Virgins kept a\nfire or lamp constantly burning.\n\n=Vestal Virgins= (Ves\u02b9tal Vir\u02b9gins) were the priestesses of Vesta,\nwhose chief duty was to see that the sacred fire in the temple of\nVesta was not extinguished. They were always selected from the best\nfamilies, and were under a solemn vow of chastity, and compelled to\nlive perfectly pure lives.\n\n=Vialis= (Via\u02b9lis). A name of Mercury, because he presided over the\nmaking of roads.\n\n=Victory= (Vic\u02b9tory). A goddess, the daughter of Styx and Acheron,\ngenerally represented as flying in the air holding out a wreath of\nlaurel. Her Greek name is Nike (_Nic\u0113_). See Nicephorus.\n\n=Vidor.= A Scandinavian god, who could walk on the water and in the\nair. The god of silence (corresponding with the classic Harpocrates).\n\n=Virtue.= A goddess worshiped by most of the ancients under various\nnames. The way to the temple of honor was through the temple of\nvirtue.\n\n=Virtuous Women=, see Juno.\n\n=Vishnu= (Vish\u02b9nu). The Preserver, the principal Hindoo goddess.\n\n=Volupia= (Volu\u02b9pia), see Angeronia.\n\n=Vulcan= (Vul\u02b9can), the god of fire, was the son of Jupiter and Juno.\nHe offended Jupiter, and was by him thrown out of heaven; he was nine\ndays falling, and at last dropped into Lemnos with such violence that\nhe broke his leg, and was lame forever after. Vulcan was married to\nVenus. He is supposed to have formed Pandora out of clay. His servants\nwere the Cyclopes. He was the patron deity of blacksmiths, and as the\nsmelter or softener of metal bears also the name of Mulciber.\n\n    \"Men call him Mulciber; and how he fell\n    From heaven, they fabled, thrown by angry Jove,\n    Sheer o'er the crystal battlements.\"\n                                    Milton.\n\n=Vulcanalia= (Vulc\u0101n-al\u02b9ia) were Roman festivals in honor of\nVulcan, at which the victims (certain fish and animals) were thrown\ninto the fire and burned to death.\n\n\n=War=, see Bellona, Chemos, Mars.\n\n=Water=, see Canopus.\n\n=Water-Nymphs=, see Doris.\n\n=Wax Tablets=, see Calliope.\n\n=Wealth=, see Cuvera.\n\n=Weaving=, see Ergatis.\n\n=Weeding=, see Runcina.\n\n=Weights and Measures=, see Mercury.\n\n=Well=, see Truth.\n\n=West Wind=, see Favonius.\n\n=Winds=, see Aurora, Auster, Boreas, Zephyr.\n\n=Wine=, see Bacchus, Suradevi.\n\n=Wisdom=, see Pollear, Minerva.\n\n=Woden= (Wo\u02b9den), the Anglo-Saxon form of the Scandinavian god Odin;\nWednesday is called after him.\n\n=Women's Safeguard=, see Sospita.\n\n=Woodpecker=, see Picus.\n\n=Woods=, see Dryads.\n\n=World=, see Chaos.\n\n\n=Xanthus= (Xan\u02b9thus), the name of the wonderful horse of Achilles.\n\n\n=Yama= (Ya\u02b9ma). The Hindoo devil, generally represented as a terrible\nmonster of a green color, with flaming eyes.\n\n=Ygdrasil= (Yg\u02b9dra\u02b9sil). The famous ash-tree of Scandinavian\nmythology, under which the gods held daily council.\n\n=Ymir= (Y\u02b9mir). The Scandinavian god, corresponding to Chaos of the\nclassics.\n\n=Youth= (perpetual), see Tithonus.\n\n\n=Zephyr= (Zeph\u02b9yr) or =Zephyrus= (Zeph\u02b9yrus). The west wind and god\nof flowers, a son of Astraeus and Aurora (Eos). See Favonius.\n\n    \"Wanton Zephyr, come away.\n      .  .  .  .  .\n    The sun, and Mira's charming eyes,\n      At thy return more charming grow.\n    With double glory they appear,\n    To warm and grace the infant year.\"\n                                    John Hughes, 1700.\n\n=Zetes= (Ze\u02b9tes), with his brother Calais, drove the Harpies from\nThrace.\n\n=Zethus= (Ze\u02b9thus), twin brother of Amphion. He was the son of Antiope\nand Zeus. See Amphion.\n\n=Zeus= (Z\u016bs). The Greek name of Jupiter, the greatest god in\nGrecian mythology. He was the god of the sky and its phenomena, and as\nsuch was worshiped on the highest mountains, on which he was\nenthroned. From Zeus come all changes in the sky or the winds; he is\nthe gatherer of the clouds which dispense fertilizing rain; and is\nalso the thunderer and hurler of lightning.\n\n\nTHE END.\n\n\n\n\n=Entertainments for Every Occasion.= Ideas, games, charades, tricks,\nplans--for keeping those present entertained, on whatever occasion,\nwhether a party, a festival, a bazaar, an entertainment, or merely\n\"our own folks\" or an \"_entre nous_.\"\n\n=The Humorous Speaker.= The choicest, most recent _humor_ that lends\nitself to _recitation_. Easily the best collection that has been made.\nThe selections are chosen because they are _good literature_, and\nbecause they are _good recitations_. Unhackneyed material--most of it\nfrom recently copyrighted books, for which _special permission_ has\nbeen secured. A _hundred and twenty five_ selections, about 500 pages.\n\n=Commencement Parts.= \"Efforts\" for all occasions. _Models_ for every\npossible occasion in high-school and college career, every one of the\n\"efforts\" being what some fellow has _stood on his feet_ and actually\ndelivered on a similar occasion--not what the compiler _would_ say if\n_he_ should happen to be called on for an ivy song or a response to a\ntoast, or what not; but what the fellow himself, when his turn came,\n_did say_! Invaluable, indispensable to those preparing any kind of\n\"effort.\" _Unique._\n\nContains _models_ of the salutatory, the valedictory, orations, class\npoems, class songs, class mottoes, class will, ivy poem and song,\nDux's speech; essays and addresses for flag day, the seasons, national\nand other holidays; after-dinner speeches and responses to toasts.\nAlso _models_ for occasional addresses--social, educational,\npolitical, religious. Also models for _superintendents'_ and\n_principals'_ addresses to graduating class, debating team,\neducational conference; on dedication of school building, public\nbuilding, library; for holidays, festival days, and scores of social\nand other occasions. Also themes for essays, and lists of _subjects_\nfor orations, essays, toasts.\n\n=College Men's 3-Minute Declamations.= Material with vitality in it\nfor prize speaking. _14th edit._\n\n=College Maids' 3-Minute Readings.= Up-to-date recitations from living\nmen and women. On the plan of the popular College Men's 3-Minute\nDeclamations, and on the same high plane. _Twelfth edition._\n\n=Pieces for Prize Speaking Contests.= _Volume I._ Over one hundred\npieces that have _actually taken prizes_ in prize speaking contests.\n_Successful._\n\n=Pieces for Prize Speaking Contests.= _Vol. II._\n\n=Pieces for Every Occasion.= \"Special days.\"\n\n=Famous Poems Explained.= (Barbe).\n\n=How to Attract and Hold an Audience.= Every student in college or\nschool, every lawyer, every teacher, every clergyman, every man or\nwoman occupying an official position, every citizen and every youth\nwho is likely ever to have occasion in committee, or in public, to\nenlist the interest, to attract and hold the attention of one or more\nhearers, and _convince_ them--every person who ever has to, or is\nlikely to have to \"speak\" to one or more listeners will find in our\nnew book a clear, concise, _complete_ handbook which will enable him\nto _succeed_!\n\nThorough, concise, methodical, replete with common sense, complete. In\nhis logical method, in the crystal-like lucidity of his style, in his\nforceful, incisive, penetrating mastery of his subject, the author has\nat one bound placed himself on a plane with the very ablest\nteacher-authors of his day.\n\n=Fenno's Science and Art of Elocution.= _Standard._ Probably the most\nsuccessful of its kind.\n\n=The Power of Speech, How to Acquire It.= A comprehensive system of\nvocal expression. Thorough and practical instruction in the use of the\nspeaking voice, embracing deep breathing, articulation, modulation,\nemphasis and delivery; vocal coloring, interpretation of the written\nword, the conveying of thought by means of vocal expression, and the\nprinciples of oratory and dramatic art.\n\n=The Psychology of Public Speaking.= A scientific treatment of the\npractical needs of the public speaker. A worth-while book.\n\n=How to Use the Voice= in Reading and Speaking. By Ed. Amherst Ott,\nhead of the School of Oratory, Drake University. Suitable for class\nwork.\n\n=How to Gesture.= E. A. Ott. New _illus._ edit.\n\n=Constitution of U. S.= In English, German and French.\n\n=Constitution of U. S., with Index.= (Thorpe's _Pocket Edition_).\n\n=Brief History of Civilization.= (Blackmar).\n\n=The Changing Values of English Speech.=\n\n=The Worth of Words.= (Bell).\n\n=The Religion of Beauty.= (Bell).\n\n=Dictionaries: The Classic Series.= _Half morocco._ Especially\nplanned for students and teachers in colleges and high schools. Up to\nthe times in point of contents, authoritative while modern as regards\nscholarship, instantly accessible in respect to arrangement, in a\nbinding elegant and durable. 8\u00d75\u00bd in.\n\n    _French-English and Eng.-French_,\n    _German-English and Eng.-German_,\n    _Latin-English and Eng.-Latin_,\n    _Greek-English and Eng.-Greek_,\n    _English-Greek Dictionary_.\n\n=Dictionaries: The Handy Series.= _Pocket Edition._ Scholarship modern\nand accurate; beautiful print.\n\n    _Spanish-English and Eng.-Spanish_,\n    _Italian-English and Eng.-Italian_,\n    _New-Testament Lexicon_. With a fine presentation\n    of the _Synonyms_ of the Greek Testament.\n\n=Liddell and Scott's Abridged Greek Lexicon.= With new _Appendix of\nProper and Geog'l names_.\n\n=White's Latin-English Dictionary.=\n\n=White's English-Latin Dictionary.=\n\n=White's Lat.-Eng. and Eng.-Lat. Diction.=\n\n=International Pronouncing French-English and Eng.-French Dictionary.=\n_Half morocco._ The _pronunciation_ is indicated by a full re-spelling\nof each title-word in the system of the _International Phonetic\nAssoci'n_, a widely used means of indicating, simply and accurately,\nthe _pronunciation_ of _all_ languages in a _single_ (amplified)\n_Roman alphabet_.\n\n=Who's Who in Mythology?= A dictionary of mythological characters.\nIdentifies and locates _instanter_ every god and goddess, hero and\nmyth that are likely to be broached either in conversation, sermon,\nsong, drama, painting or statuary.\n\n=Who's Who in History?= A dictionary of classical characters and\nallusions. Locates the places, identifies the persons, describes the\nthings, which are constantly alluded to in literature, in sermons, in\npaintings, in sculpture and in conversation.\n\n\n\n\n=BOOKS BY RALCY HUSTED BELL=\n\n\n=The Worth of Words=\n\n_Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged._\n\nThe SOULS of words live after their forms change. This spiritual\nelement of words survives as literature. The _living_ book contains\nthe EGO of the author--the spiritual personality of his mind. This\nbook treats of the _right_ usage of words on this vital basis. It is a\n_living_ guide. Simple and clear, it aids correct speech and shows how\nto vitalize words with SOUL.\n\n\n=The Changing Values of English Speech=\n\nA mate to THE WORTH OF WORDS. Touches lightly the philosophical side\nin a _practical_ way: illumines _Style_, _Soul of Words_, _Early\nEnglish_, _Language Change_, _Poetry_, _Syntax_, _Variations in\nWord-Meanings_, _Distinctions_, _Origin of Language_, _Old Celtic\nFriends_, _English Orthography_, _Words Changed Since Shakespeare_,\n_Commonplace Poetry_, _Aborigines_. Reads with the _fascination of\nromance_.\n\n\n=The Religion of Beauty=\n\n_Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged._\n\nThis is the autobiography of a Soul glad of life--one who finds riches\nin the possessions of others and, above all, a golden wealth in man's\n_Impersonal Estate_--in SKY and STAR, SUN and CITY, the SEA and the\nOPEN WORLD--one who finds the _Religion_ of _Beauty_ in all things,\nand reveals the secret whereby all who will may dig up \"real wealth\"\nwhile having a good time.\n\n\n=Taormina=\n\n_Illustrated. New Historic Matter._\n\nHistory is told here with Maeterlinck's charm of style; scenes are\npainted with the power and beauty of Hearn; philosophy is\nunconsciously brought forth from events. Greek legend weaves a\nnecklace of imagery which holds ETNA in its clasp. Martial echoes\nmingle with the voices of ancient poets, the murmur of the Ionian Sea\nand of olive leaves in sunny Sicily.\n\n\n\n\n=English and American Literature=\n\n=A One Year Course=\n\n=FROM CHAUCER TO MARK TWAIN=\n\nBy B. A. HEYDRICK, A. B.\n\nDEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, HIGH SCHOOL OF COMMERCE NEW YORK CITY\n\nInterestingly written, illustrated with portraits and enlivened by\npictures of scenes described, facsimiles of manuscripts, etc.\n\nIn the space of three hundred pages the author has managed to give a\nclear account of English literature from Chaucer to Mark Twain and\nJames Whitcomb Riley. It is _not_ a mere outline, but a continuous\nnarrative, and really the most engaging book on the subject that has\nappeared. It is written on a different plan from most brief\ntext-books. The author has wisely not attempted to treat every author\nin English literature. By omitting the names which have no meaning for\nus to-day the author has gained space to treat the really significant\nwriters quite fully enough for the needs of young students. An\nexcellent feature of the book is the profusion of _illustrations_.\nThroughout the work emphasis is placed upon books that _still live_.\nThe nineteenth century in particular is treated fully; the writers may\nbe no greater than those of the eighteenth, but they have more to say\nto us.\n\nEach chapter is followed by a list of recommended reading in the chief\nauthors, with references to volumes where these may be found. By means\nof this recommended reading _the course covered by this book may\nreadily be extended to cover two years' work_, or more. Under each\nchief author is mentioned a standard library edition of his works and\ninexpensive editions of single volumes.\n\n\n\n\n=The Speaker Series=\n\nThe Speaker Series (32 vols) paper.\n\n    No. 1  Popular Short Stories\n    No. 2  Selections Chosen for Declamation Contest\n    No. 3  Selections for Children to Recite\n    No. 4  Cuttings from Stories\n    No. 5  Cuttings from Stories\n    No. 6  Ten Short Plays\n    No. 7  Readings, and Four Plays\n    No. 8  Briefs of Debates, and Readings\n    No. 9  Cuttings of Popular Stories\n    No. 10 Modern American Oratory\n    No. 11 Dramatic and Humorous Readings\n    No. 12 Centennial Number\n    No. 13 New Platform Selections\n    No. 14 Selections for Religious Occasions\n    No. 15 Encores: Nearly 200 Fresh, Bright Hits\n    No. 16 Popular Platform Readings\n    No. 17 Humorous and Dramatic Readings\n    No. 18 Monologues\n    No. 19 On Temperance\n    No. 20 For Declamation Contests\n    No. 21 After-dinner Speaking\n    No. 22 School and College Readings\n    No. 23 Selections for Entertainments\n    No. 24 Dramatic Selections\n    No. 25 Popular Prose and Poetry\n    No. 26 Readings from Great Authors\n    No. 27 Readings and Debates Not Found Elsewhere\n    No. 28 Classic Masterpieces\n    No. 29 Best Fiction for the Platform\n    No. 30 Humorous and Pathetic Readings\n    No. 31 Patriotic Selections\n    No. 32 Scenes from Plays for Platform Readings\n\nTHE ABOVE NUMBERS IN EIGHT BOUND VOLUMES, indexed by authors and\ntitles:\n\n    Vol. I.    Including Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4,\n    Vol. II.   Including Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 8,\n    Vol. III.  Including Nos. 9, 10, 11 and 12,\n    Vol. IV.   Including Nos. 13, 14, 15 and 16,\n    Vol. V.    Including Nos. 17, 18, 19, 20,\n    Vol. VI.   Including Nos. 21, 22, 23, 24,\n    Vol. VII.  Including Nos. 25, 26, 27, 28,\n    Vol. VIII. Including Nos. 29, 30, 31, 32.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note\n\nAs referred to in the Transcriber's note at the beginning of this\nebook, proper nouns have been amended for ease of searching as\nfollows:\n\n    Page 13--Deianeira amended to Deianira--... in his love for\n    Deianira.\n\n    Page 18--Podalirus amended to Podalirius--... Machaon and\n    Podalirius, both famous physicians, ...\n\n    Page 31--Rumina amended to Rumia--=Babes=, see Rumia Dea.\n\n    Page 32--Thanyris amended to Thamyris--=Blind=, see Thamyris.\n\n    Page 49--Antaeas amended to Antaeus--=Earth=, see Antaeus.\n\n    Page 55--Plato amended to Pluto--=Februus= (Feb\u02b9ruus). A name\n    of Pluto, ...\n\n    Page 56--Chimera amended to Chimaera--She was the reputed\n    mother of Chimaera, ...\n\n    Page 61--Segestia amended to Segetia--=Harvest=, see Segetia.\n\n    Page 70--Venns amended to Venus--... in which there is a\n    grove sacred to Venus.\n\n    Page 72--Argus amended to Argos--... and a priestess of Juno\n    at Argos.\n\n    Page 79--Romas amended to Romans--The Romans used to swear by\n    Jupiter Lapis.\n\n    Page 84--Diomede amended to Diomedes--... but was defeated by\n    Diomedes.\n\n    Page 87--Thot amended to Thoth--There was also an Egyptian\n    Mercury under the name of Thoth, ...\n\n    Page 89--Glaucopis amended to Glaukopis--... Pallas,\n    Parthenos, Tritonia, and Glaukopis.\n\n    Page 117--Japetes amended to Japetus--... the son of Japetus\n    ...\n\n    Page 122--Runcia amended to Runcina--=Runcina= (Runcina). The\n    goddess of weeding ...\n\n    Page 127--Chimera amended to Chimaera--See Aesculapius,\n    Apollo, Chimaera, ...\n\n    Page 127--Thanyris amended to Thamyris--=Singing=, see\n    Polyhymnia, Thamyris.\n\n    Page 130--Ergotis amended to Ergatis--=Spinning=, see\n    Arachne, Ergatis.\n\n    Page 134--Thesmorphonius amended to\n    Thesmorphonis--=Thesmorphonis= (Thesmorphonis). A name of\n    Ceres.\n\n    Page 135--Naryanan amended to Narayan--=Tides=, see Narayan.\n\n    Page 141--Calistro amended to Calisto--=Ursa Major= (Ur\u02b9sa\n    Ma\u02b9jor), see Calisto.\n\n    Page 145--Ergatos amended to Ergatis--=Weaving=, see Ergatis.\n\nThe book notes Vishnu as a goddess, and Laksmi as one of Vishnu's\nhusbands. This is preserved as printed.\n\nMinor punctuation errors have been repaired. Hyphenation has been made\nconsistent.\n\nThe following printer errors have been repaired:\n\n    Page 102--anxiiety amended to anxiety--Orpheus, however, in\n    his anxiety ...\n\n    Page 124--spirites amended to sprites--The sprites of fiery\n    termagants in flame, ...\n\n    Page 140--preceive amended to perceive--... I perceive that\n    in all things ye are too superstitious.\n\nWith regard to quoted material, all attributions (or lack thereof)\nare preserved as in the original.\n\nThe transcriber notes that, on page 16, two couplets are attributed\nto Pope, although the second is actually from Dryden. However, this\nis preserved as printed.\n\nThe frontispiece illustration has been moved to follow the title page.\nOther illustrations have been moved where necessary so that they are\nnot in the middle of a paragraph.","title":"1000 Mythological Characters Briefly Described: Adapted to Private Schools, High Schools and Academies","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":30914}