{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42779/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42779","id":"gutenberg_42779","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42779","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare indicated by footnotes to the relevant item.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{577}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nVol. V.--No. 138.]\nSATURDAY, JUNE 19. 1852\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                    Page\n\n  Defoe's Pamphlet on the Septennial Bill, by James Crossley   577\n\n  Arthur O'Connor                                              579\n\n  Inedited Poetry, by W. Sparrow Simpson                       580\n\n  Folk Lore:--Lancashire May-day Custom--Hair cut off, an\n    Antidote--Weather Prophecy--The Oak Tree and the Ash       581\n\n  The Diphthong \"ai\"                                           581\n\n  Minor Notes:--A Bit o' fine Writin'--Custom of Cranes in\n    Storms--Aldress--How the ancient Irish used to crown\n    their King--One of Junius's Correspondents identified      581\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Old Music                                                    582\n\n  Treasury of St. Mark's; Record at Tiberius                   583\n\n  Unicorn                                                      583\n\n  Flanagan on the Round Towers of Ireland                      584\n\n  Minor Queries:--St. Augustine's Six Treatises on\n    Music--Bishop Merriman--The Escubierto--J. Scandret--Mary\n    Horton--Biblicus on the Apocalypse--Cleopatra playing\n    at Billiards--\"Then comes the reckoning\"--Giving the\n    Sack--Scotch Provincial Tokens of the Seventeenth\n    Century--Burial of Sir John Moore--Mexican, &c.\n    Grammar--Foundation Stones--Mary Faun--Tonson and\n    the Westminsters                                           584\n\n  MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Lady Farewell's Funeral Sermon--\n    Sir E. K. Williams--Order of the Cockle--Waller Family--\n    Life of St. Werburgh--Blindman's Holiday--Ab. Seller--\n    Martin-drunk--Bagster's English Version                    585\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Reply to Mr. Hickson's Objections                            587\n\n  The Term \"Milesian,\" by John D'Alton                         588\n\n  Ben. Jonson's adopted Sons, by C. H. Cooper                  588\n\n  Shakspeare's Seal                                            589\n\n  Reason and Understanding according to Coleridge              590\n\n  General Wolfe      590\n\n  \"The Miller's Melody,\" an old Ballad, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault  591\n\n  Surnames                                                     592\n\n  Sir John Trenchard, by Sydney Walton                         593\n\n  Papal Seal                                                   593\n\n  Market Crosses                                               594\n\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--The two Gilberts de Clare--\n    Baxter's Shove--Frebord--Devil--Mummy Wheat--Nacar--\n    Mistletoe--The Number Seven--Gabriel Hounds--Burial--\n    Marvell's Life and Works--The Death-Watch--The Rabbit\n    as a Symbol, &c.                                           594\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 599\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    599\n\n  Advertisements                                               599\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nDEFOE'S PAMPHLET ON THE SEPTENNIAL BILL.\n\nIt is impossible to read Chalmers' and Wilson's _Lives of Defoe_ without\nbeing constantly struck not merely by the want of all critical acumen and\nordinary knowledge of the characteristics of Defoe's style which they\ndisplay, but also by the absence of research on almost every point of\nimportance connected with his career. Out of innumerable instances, I may\nmention his pamphlet on the subject of the Septennial Bill. Chalmers, and\nafter him Wilson, are satisfied with repeating Boyer's statement that Defoe\nwas the author of _The Triennial Bill Impartially Stated_, London, 1716;\nbut neither of them appears to have referred to the pamphlet itself, and\nWilson does not seem to have even consulted Boyer. He observes, \"Mr.\nChalmers thinks the pamphlet was not his.\" Whatever Chalmers might think,\nhe does not certainly say so in express terms. The point itself is a\ncurious one; and as it has not hitherto been gone into, perhaps I shall not\ntrespass too much upon your space if I give your readers the results of my\nexamination of it. In Boyer's _Political State for April_, 1716 (p. 484.),\nhe enumerates in the following terms the pamphlets on the Septennial\nBill:--\n\n    \"_A Letter to a Country Gentleman, showing the Inconveniences which\n    attend the Last Act for Triennial Parliaments_, which, I am informed,\n    was written by the learned Dr. Tyndal. This was followed with others\n    intitled, _An Epistle to a Whig Member of Parliament_; _Some\n    Considerations on a Law for Triennial Parliaments_; _The Suspension of\n    the Triennial Bill, the Properest Means to unite the Nation_; _A First\n    and Second Letter to a Friend in Suffolk_; _The Alterations in the\n    Triennial Act Considered_; _The Innkeeper's Opinion of the Triennial\n    Act_; and a few others. The only pamphlet that was published on the\n    other side was called _The Triennial Act Impartially Stated_, &c. This\n    pamphlet was judged, from its loose style and way of arguing, to be\n    written by that prostituted fool of the last ministry, D---- D-- F--;\n    but whatever was offered either in print, or viv\u00e2 voce, against the\n    Septennial Bill, was fully answered and confuted by the following\n    writing, generally fathered on the ingenious and judicious Joseph\n    Addison, Esq.\"\n\n{578}\n\nThen follows (pp. 485-501.) a printer of a pamphlet, certainly an able one,\nentitled:\n\n    \"Arguments about the Alteration of Triennial Elections of Parliament.\n    In a Letter to a Friend in the Country.\"\n\nIn the following year, when Defoe had occasion to notice _The Minutes of\nthe Negociations of Mons. Mesnager_, 1717, 8vo., the well-known work which\nhas been so frequently attributed to him, in a letter in the public prints,\nwhich letter seems entirely to have escaped all his biographers, and yet is\nof the most interesting description, he adverts to the above charge of\nbeing the author of _The Triennial Act Impartially Stated_, in the\nfollowings words:--\n\n    \"About a year since, viz., when the debates were on foot for enlarging\n    the time for the sitting of the present Parliament, commonly called\n    repealing the Triennial Bill, a stranger, whom I never knew, wrote a\n    warm pamphlet against it; and I, on the other hand, wrote another about\n    a week before it. Mr. Boyer, with his usual assurance, takes notice of\n    both these books in his monthly work, and bestows some praises, more\n    than I think it deserved, upon one; but falls upon the other with great\n    fury, naming, after much ill language, D. D. F. to be the author of it,\n    which, he said, might be known by the inconsistency of the style, or to\n    that effect. Now that the world may see what a judge this Frenchman is\n    of the English style, and upon what slender ground he can slander an\n    innocent man, I desire it may be noted, that it has been told him by\n    his own friends, and I offer now to prove it to him by three\n    unquestionable witnesses, _that the book which he praised so\n    impertinently I was the author of, and that book which he let fly his\n    dirt upon I had no concern in_.\"\n\nThis declaration of Defoe, which claims to him the pamphlet fastened on the\n\"ingenious and judicious Joseph Addison, Esq.,\" and repudiates that \"judged\nto be written by that prostituted fool of the last ministry, D---- D--\nF--,\" will amuse your readers, as it seems to form an admirable commentary\non the text--\n\n    \"And every blockhead knows me by my style.\"\n\nWe can fully accept his disclaimer of _The Triennial Act Impartially\nStated_. It is, however, singular enough that the style of the _Arguments\nabout the Alteration of Triennial Elections of Parliament_, without\nattaching too much importance to that criterion, is not the style of Defoe;\nand the Bill of Commerce with France is denounced in it in such terms as\n\"that destructive bill,\" \"that fatal bill,\" as one can scarcely suppose,\nwithout entertaining a meaner opinion of him than I feel assured he\ndeserves, he could or would, under any circumstances, have made use of. To\ncarry this Bill of Commerce he exerted all his great powers as a writer,\nand supported it in the _Review_ and the _Mercator_, in the _Essay on the\nTreaty of Commerce with France_ (1713, 8vo.), and in two other tracts, both\nof which were unknown to Chalmers and Wilson, and have never been noticed\nor included in the list of his works, namely, _Some Thoughts upon the\nSubject of Commerce with France: by the Author of the Review_ (Baker, 1713,\n8vo.), and _A general History of Trade, in which an Attempt is made to\nstate and moderate the present Disputes about settling a Commerce between\nGreat Britain and France for the Month of September_ (Baker, 1713); being\nthe fourth Number of the _History of Trade_, which Wilson says \"extended\nonly to two Numbers\" (vol. iii. p. 339.). In the _Appeal to Honour and\nJustice_, published only the year before (1715), he supports the same cause\nwith all his strength. He vindicates the part he had taken, and says--\n\n    \"This was my opinion, and is so still; and I would venture to maintain\n    it against any man upon a public stage, before a jury of fifty\n    merchants, and venture my life upon the cause, if I were assured of\n    fair play in the dispute.\"--_Works_, edit. 1841, vol. xx. p. 43.\n\nHis opinion on the policy of the bill, as appears by all his subsequent\ncommercial works, never changed: and that he could so speak of it in this\npamphlet (_Arguments about the Alteration, &c._), supposing it to be his,\nseems almost incredible. I feel convinced that no other similar instance\ncan be found, during the whole of his career, in which he can be shown to\nexpress himself with such a total disregard of his avowed opinions and his\nhonest convictions. Were it certain that he had done so, then the character\nwhich the Tolands, Oldmixons, and Boyers have given of him, as ready to\ntake up any cause for hire, and as the prostituted agent of a party, and\nwhich I believe to be a base slander, would indeed be well deserved. But it\nwill be asked how, after so apparently distinct and explicit an avowal, can\nit be doubted that he was the author of the pamphlet in question? I can\nonly account for it on the supposition that Defoe, in writing from\nrecollection of what Boyer had stated, in the following year, confounded\nthe pamphlet praised with one of the pamphlets noticed. It appears to me\nthat one of them, the full title of which is _Some Considerations on a Law\nfor Triennial Parliaments, with an enquiry_, 1. _Whether there may not be a\ntime when it is necessary to suspend the execution even of such Laws as are\nmost essential to the Liberties of the People?_ 2. _Whether this is such a\ntime or no?_ (London, printed for J. Baker and T. Warner, at the Black Boy,\nin Paternoster Row, 1716, pp. 40.), and which is noticed in Boyer's list,\nhas infinitely more both of Defoe's style and manner of treating a subject\nthan the other pamphlet. I entertain no doubt that it was written by him,\nthough it has never hitherto been attributed to him; and it is far from\nbeing unlikely that his recollection may have deceived him and that he may\nhave thought that Boyer's praise applied to this pamphlet, written on the\nsame side, and not to the other. It {579} will be observed that Defoe does\nnot give the title of the pamphlet, and that he does not notice that it was\nattributed by Boyer to Addison; which he would scarcely have omitted doing\nif he had written his letter with Boyer's words before him, in which also\nthe term \"inconsistency\" is not used. Such is my solution of the\ndifficulty, which unexplained would throw a new, and certainly a very\nunfavourable light on Defoe's character as a pamphleteer and politician.\n\nJAMES CROSSLEY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nARTHUR O'CONNOR.\n\nFrom the French recent papers we learn that Arthur O'Connor, one of the\nprominent actors in the Irish Rebellion of 1798, has just closed his\nprolonged life at his residence, the Ch\u00e2teau de Bignon, near Nemours (Seine\net Marne) in France. When, in 1834, by permission of the government of Lord\nGrey, he and his accomplished wife were in this city (Cork), with the view\nof disposing of his inherited and not confiscated property, in order to\ninvest the produce in France, I was almost in daily intercourse with them;\nand, from my recollection of the lady's father, the Marquis de Condorcet, a\ndistinguished mathematician, but better known as the biographer and ardent\npropagator of Voltaire's infidel principles, as well as the zealous\npartisan of the Revolution, though finally its victim, I was always a\nwelcome visitor. O'Connor, whom Bonaparte had raised to the rank of General\nof Division, equivalent to that of General in full in our service, being\nnext to the degree of Marshal, told me that the disunion and personal\naltercations of the Irish Legion engaged in the service of the then\nrepublican France had deservedly and utterly estranged and disgusted the\nFrench successive rulers, particularly Napoleon, in whose triumphs they\nconsequently were not allowed to participate as a national body. The\nrancorous duel between two officers, McSweeny and Corbet, both from Cork,\nhad made a deep impression on the great soldier, and the Legion was\ndisbanded. Having inquired from O'Connor whether he did not intend to\npublish the events of his variegated life, he told me that he was preparing\nthe narrative; but, on mentioning to his wife that he had made this\nacknowledgment, she immediately called on me with an earnest request that I\nwould dissuade him from doing so. She did not explain her motive, and I\nonly promised to avoid the future renewal of the subject in our\nconversations. As yet, whatever preparations he may have made, the press\nhas not been resorted to; though, if in existence, as may be presumed, the\nwork, or its materials, will not, most probably, be suffered to remain in\nclosed and mysterious secrecy. The Memoirs, for so he entitled it, cannot\nfail to be most interesting; for he was a man of truth, and incapable of\nmisrepresentation, though, of course, liable to misconception, in his\nrecital of events; nor can it be denied, that a history, in any degree\nworthy of the theme--that is, of the Irish Rebellion, is still\nunpublished.[1] Whatever objection may have prevented the publication\nduring his life, none, I should suppose and hope, can now be urged after\nhis death, which, singularly enough, in an article devoted to him in the\n_Biographie Universelle_, I find as having occurred so long since as 1830.\nHis son, too, is there represented as the husband of his own mother! the\nwriter, with other confusions of facts, having mistaken Arthur for his\nelder brother, Roger O'Connor, father of the present eccentric Feargus,\nM.P. It is thus, too, that the great vocalist Braham is in the same\nvoluminous repository stated to have died of the cholera in August, 1830,\nthough, several years subsequently, I saw him in hale flesh and blood; but\nthe compilation, valuable, it must be admitted, in French biography, teems\nwith ludicrous blunders on English lives, which, in the new edition now in\nstate of preparation, will, I hope, be corrected. Even the articles of\nNewton, though by Biot, and of Shakspeare and Byron by Villemain, are not\nmuch to their credit, particularly the latter, in which the national\nprejudices prominently emerge.\n\nO'Connor, after having for sixteen years occupied apartments in the house\nof an eminent bookseller and printer, Monsieur Renouard, in the Rue de\nTournan, leading to the Luxembourg, and the only street that I remember,\nnow sixty years since, had a flagged footpath in that, at present,\nembellished metropolis, purchased his late residence, the Ch\u00e2teau de\nBignon, with the proceeds of his paternal estates sold here, as previously\nstated, in 1834. The purchase was made from the heirs of Mirabeau, who was\nborn in that mansion, and not in Provence, as generally supposed, because\nthat southern province was the family's original seat. The great orator's\nfather, distinguished, _per antiphrasim_, as \"l'Ami des hommes,\" for he was\nthe most unamiable of men, had acquired and removed to the castle so\ncalled, in order to approach the royal court of Versailles. The renowned\nson's bursts of eloquence still, I may say, resound in my ears, dazzling\nand entrancing my judgment, as Lord Chatham is reported similarly to have\naffected his hearers. Yet my old friend Vergniaux's genuine oratory and\nreasoning power struck me as far superior; and I can well believe that\nChatham's son's were to those of his father, which his contemporary, Hume,\nno incompetent judge, and doubtless his {580} hearer, by no means exalts,\nthough the effects on his parliamentary audience appear to have been so\nextraordinary. \"At present,\" writes Hume (Essay xiii.), \"there are above\nhalf-a-dozen speakers in the two houses, who, in the judgment of the\npublic, have reached very nearly the same pitch of eloquence, and no man\npretends to give any one a preference over the next. This seems to me a\ncertain proof that none of them have attained much beyond mediocrity in\nthis art.\" Hume's _Essays_ first appeared in 1742, when the elder Pitt was,\nindeed, young in parliament; but he survived till 1776, during which\ninterval Chatham's fame reached its culminating point. Yet, in all the\nensuing editions, the author never thought it necessary to modify his\ndepreciation of British eloquence.\n\nO'Connor, it is said, published his father-in-law Condorcet's _collective_\nworks; but whether the edition of 1804 in 21 volumes is meant, I cannot\ndetermine, though I know no other; nor does this contain his mathematical\nwritings. While outlawed in 1793 with the Girondist faction, he evaded,\nfrom October to March, 1794, the revolutionary search, when he poisoned\nhimself, unwilling, he said, in some verses addressed to his wife, the\nsister of Marshal Grouchy, further to participate in the horrors of the\nperiod, though he had been most instrumental in preparing the way for them.\nHe chose, however, the better side, in his conception, of the proposed\nalternative or dilemma:\n\n \"Ils m'ont dit: Choisis d'\u00eatre oppresseur ou victime;\n  J'embrassai le malheur, et leur laissai le crime.\"\n\nMadame O'Connor, a child of five years old at her father's death, had a\nvery faint recollection of him; but I perfectly remember him, with his\nardent look, and, while still young, a grey head,--\"a volcano covered with\nsnow,\" as was observed of him. O'Connor's only child, a mild gentlemanly\nyoung man, but certainly not the inheritor of his parent's talents,\npredeceased him, so that no descendant, either of Condorcet or O'Connor,\nnow survives.\n\nJ. R. (of Cork).\n\n[Footnote 1: Indeed, the general history of the kingdom is still a sad\ndesideratum, and, in the impassioned dissensions of the people, not likely\nto be adequately supplied.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nINEDITED POETRY.\n\n(Vol. v., pp. 387. 435.)\n\nBy way of concluding my notes upon the MS. volume of poetry, from which I\nhave already transcribed two pieces (inserted at pages 387. 485. of your\npresent volume), I now send you the short poem referred to in my first\ncommunication:\n\n         \"February 15th, past two in the morning.\n                          Going to bed very ill.\n\n  Oh, when shall I, from pain and sorrow free,\n  Enjoy calm rest, and lasting peace with thee!\n  When will my weary pilgrimage be o'er,        }\n  When shall my soul from earth to heav'n soar, }\n  And, freed from flesh, the God of Gods adore. }\n  Oh thou who only knowest what is best,\n  Give me, oh give me, peace, content and rest!\n  In life and death, oh be thou ever nigh,\n  And my great weakness with thy strength supply.\n  If on the bed of sickness I am laid,\n  Then let me find that thou can'st give me aid.\n  My drooping soul may thy blest Spirit che_a_r,\n  And dissipate d_i_sponding gloomy fear.\n  May the bright angels watch around my bed,\n  And keep my timorous soul from fear and dread.\n  And should excess of agony or pain,\n  Or fever's rage o'er reason longest gain;\n  Even then protect me by thy mighty power,\n  Oh save me, save me, in that dreadful hour!\n  Make every thought such as thou mayst approve,\n  And every word show I my Maker love.\n  If void of reason I should think, or say,\n  _O_ught that's improper, wash such stain_e_s away.\n  Resign'd unto thy will let me submit,\n  With joy to whatsoe_v_er thou think'st fit.\n  In peace let me resign my latest breath,\n  And, void of fear, meet the grim tyrant death.\n  My parting soul let me to God entrust,\n  And hope a Resurrection with the just.\"\n\nThe devotional feeling displayed in these lines, and the circumstances\nunder which they were composed, will probably render them interesting to\nsome of your readers. The other poems in the little volume relate chiefly\nto the death of her beloved husband. I should have sent one of these had I\nthought them suitable to your columns. Suffice it to say, that her grief\nfor her bereavement seems only to have been equalled by her affectionate\nreminiscences of the piety and excellence of the departed bishop, and only\nto have been assuaged by the \"sure and certain hope\" which filled her mind.\nThe Queries which I would found upon the MS. are two in number:\n\n1. What is the precise date of the author's death?\n\n2. The meaning (if any) of the subscription to the piece printed at page\n435.?\n\nPermit me to notice a trifling error of the press, p. 387. col. 2. l. 21,\nfor _then_ read _them_; and to thank you for the space given to these three\ncommunications.\n\nW. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.\n\nP.S.--Since writing the above I have seen the observation of your\ncorrespondent C. B., p. 523.: I cannot think the meaning of the signature\nso evident as he implies. His reason for the use of the name Juba is\nevidently correct: I am indebted to him for the suggestion, and must\nconfess that the coincidence had escaped me. With regard to the word\nIssham, had it been intended to signify that the former name was \"assumed,\nor false,\" it would certainly have been written I-sham, as C. B. evidently\nfeels. It is _possible_ that this part of the signature may have no\nmeaning: this I must leave for some other correspondent to determine.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{581}\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Lancashire May-day Custom._--On the 1st of May, the following custom is\nobserved in some parts of Lancashire, though now very nearly obsolete.\n\nLate on the preceding night, or early on that morning, small branches of\ntrees are placed at the doors of houses in which reside any marriageable\ngirls. They are emblematical of the character of the maidens, and have a\nwell understood language of their own, which is rhythmical. Some speak\nflatteringly, others quite the reverse: the latter being used when the\ncharacter of the person for whom it is intended is not quite \"above\nsuspicion.\"\n\nA malicious rustic wag may sometimes put a branch of the latter description\nwhere it is not deserved, but I believe this is an exception.\n\nI only remember a few of the various trees which are laid under\ncontribution for this purpose. The following will illustrate what I am\nwriting about. I must premise that _wicken_ is the local name for mountain\nash:\n\n  _Wicken_, sweet chicken.\n  _Oak_, for a joke.\n  _Ash_, trash.\n  _Gorse in bloom_--rhymes with at noon,\n\n(I omit the epithet given here, as commonly, to an unchaste woman), and is\nused for a notorious delinquent.\n\nA. B.\n\nLiverpool.\n\n_Hair cut off, an Antidote._--A few days ago I observed my old servant\nthrusting something into the ear of one of my cows. Upon inquiry, I was\ninformed that it was hair cut off the calf's tail, the said calf having\nbeen taken away from the cow on the previous morning: the butcher cut it\noff, for the above purpose, \"to make her forget the calf.\" I half resolved\non sending this account to \"N. & Q.,\" but I hesitated, under the idea that\nit would perhaps hardly be worth the while. But this afternoon my eye\ncaught the following scrap in a newspaper just published:\n\n    \"At Oldham, last week, a woman summoned the owner of a dog that had\n    bitten her. She said that she should not have adopted this course had\n    the owner of the animal given her some of its hair, to ensure her\n    against any evil consequences following the bite.\"\n\nThere is so much similarity in the two cases, that I now would ask whether\nyour readers can throw any light on the subject?\n\nBOEOTICUS.\n\nEdgmond, Salop.\n\n_Weather Prophecy--The Oak Tree and the Ash_ (Vol. v., p. 534.).--When the\noak comes out before the ash, there will be fine weather in harvest. I have\nremarked this for several years, and find it generally correct, as far as\nsuch things can be.\n\nBOSQUECILLO VIEGO.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE DIPHTHONG \"AI.\"\n\nSpeaking of the diphthong _ai_, Walker, in the \"Principles of English\nPronunciation\" prefixed to his _Dictionary_, says (Art. 202.):\n\n    \"The sound of this diphthong is exactly like the long slender sound of\n    _a_; thus, _pail_ a vessel, and _pale_ a colour, are perfectly the same\n    sound.\"\n\nThis sound is analysed (Art. 225.) as follows:\n\n    \"This triphthong (_aye_) is a combination of the slender sound of _a_,\n    heard in _pa-per_; and the _e_ in metre.\"\n\nThe sound, therefore, is a combination of _two simple_ sounds. But in a\nprevious article (8.) _a_, _e_, _o_ are called _simple_ vowels; or\n(according to his definition):\n\n    \"Those which are formed by _one_ conformation of the organs only; that\n    is, the organs remain exactly in the _same_ position at the _end_ as at\n    the _beginning_ of the letter; whereas, in the _compound_ vowels _i_\n    and _u_, the organs _alter_ their position before the letter is\n    completely sounded.\"\n\nWalker, therefore, makes the sound to be \"_combination_ of _two simple_\nsounds,\" although he had already declared it to be a _simple_ sound. Now,\nstrange to say, Dr. Richardson, in his very valuable contribution to our\nliterature, viz. his 8vo. _Dictionary_ (a veritable _Richardson_, very long\nago foretold by Joe Miller), is guilty of the same inconsistency. In the\n\"Grammatical and Etymological Examination adapted to the Dictionary,\" he\nreckons _thirteen simple_ vowels in our language. The _tenth_ is the \"long\nslender sound of _a_,\" as Walker would call it; and the sound is given us\n(according to Richardson) in these words: \"_Lame_, _Tame_, _Crane_,\n_Faint_, and _Layman_.\" My Query is, ought not this sound to be transferred\nfrom the _simple vowels_ under the _true diphthongs_? And ought we not to\ndistinguish between the pronunciation of _pail_ and _pale_, just as we do\nbetween _neigh_, and _n\u00e9_ (French); _bait_ and _b\u00eate_ (French); or between\n_pay_ and _pe_ (Welsh); _tay_ and _te_ (Welsh)? It is worthy of remark,\nthat the Welsh language has only the _simple_ sound, _not_ the\n_diphthongal_?\n\nR. PRICE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_A Bit o' fine Writin'._--In the Preface to certain _Lectures on\nEcclesiastes_, recently published, there occurs a choice scientific\nillustration, the \"intellectual vastitude\" whereof \"necessitates a certain\ncatholicity\" of acquirements possessed by few readers. The author is\nreferring to Jerome, and says:\n\n    \"The most painful thing in his writings is the tone of _litigious\n    infelicity_ by which they are pervaded. It is a sort of _formic acid\n    which flows from the finger-points not of our good father alone, but of\n    a whole class of {582} divines; and, like the red marks left by the\n    feet of ants on litmus-paper, it discolours all his pages_.\"\n\nThere are two vignettes in the work: one illustrates \"Consider the lilies,\"\nconcerning which the artist had the benefit of an eminent botanist's\nopinion, to ensure correctness in the design. The other represents Solomon\nin all his glory, _driving his own chariot_, holding the reins in his right\nhand, and a sceptre or \"morning-star\" in his left hand. Methinks this\nillustration would not have passed muster with Mr. Scharf or Dr. Braun.\n\nAN UPLONDISHE MANNE.\n\n_Custom of Cranes in Storms._--Some of your readers may be able further to\nillustrate the customs which I mention:\n\n    \"Ex avibus est pr\u00e6sagium coeli. When the crane taketh up a stone and\n    flies with it in his _foot_, it is a sign of a storm.\"--Bishop\n    Andrewes' _Orphan Lectures_, p. 92.: Lond. 1657, fol.\n\nNonnus describes cranes as carrying stones in their _mouths_ to prevent\nthem from being carried hither and thither by the violence of winds and\nstorms.--_Dyonysiacks_, lib. xii. p. 689.: Antwerp, 1569.\n\nBishop J. Taylor mentions a similar custom in the case of geese, but there\nis a different reason assigned for it:\n\n    \"\u00c6lian tells of the geese flying over the mountain Taurus: [Greek:\n    h\u00f4sper embalontes sphisi stomion diapetontai]; that for fear of eagles\n    nature hath taught them to carry stones in their _mouths_ till they be\n    past their danger.\"--Sermon XXIII. _The Good and Evil Tongue._ Part II.\n    ab init., p. 168.: Lond. 1678, fol.\n\nRT.\n\nWarmington.\n\n_Aldress._--This word signifies the wife of an alderman. It is found on a\nbrass plate in the following epitaph, in the church of St. Stephen,\nNorwich, as given by Blomefield, _Hist. Norw._, 1739, vol. ii. p. 595.\nWhere else may it be met with? It is assuredly a better designation than\nthat of \"Mrs. Ald. A.,\" or \"The Lady of Ald. B.;\" and, from its occurrence\nin this place, seems to be a term once in use:\n\n \"Here ly buried Misstresse Maud Heade,\n  Sometyme an Aldress, but now am deade,\n  Anno MCCCCCLX and Seaven,\n  The XIII Day of April, then\n  My Lyf I leafte, as must all Men,\n  My Body yelding to Christen Dust,\n  My Soule to God the faithfull and Just.\"\n\nCOWGILL.\n\n_How the Ancient Irish used to crown their King._--\n\n    \"A White cow was brought forth, which the king must kill, and seeth in\n    water whole, and bathe himself therein stark naked; then, sitting, in\n    the same cauldron, his people about him, he must eat the flesh and\n    drink the broth wherein he sitteth, without cup or dish, or use of his\n    hand.\"\n\nCited by Sir R. Peel in the debate on the Union with Ireland, April 25th,\n1834. (_Mirror of Parliament_, p. 1311.)\n\n_One of Junius's Correspondents identified._--It has often appeared to me\nthat a portion of the pages of \"N.& Q.\" would be usefully employed in\nsupplying information relative to works either anonymous, or by authors of\nwhom little is known. The French have one or two works expressly on this\nsubject, but we have not any of the kind.\n\nI have a volume now before me, concerning the author of which I now seek\nfor information, as he was one of those who entered the lists with Junius,\nand addressed him under the signature of \"An Advocate in the Cause of the\nPeople.\" One of his letters is reprinted in vol. i. p. 429. of (I am sorry\nto say) the unsatisfactory edition of the _Letters of Junius_ recently\npublished by Mr. Bohn; but the editor does not seem to have known the name\nof this \"Advocate.\" This I learn from the work in question: _Hope's Curious\nand Comic Miscellaneous Works, started in his Walks_: London, printed for\nthe Author, 8vo. without year or printer's name; but the Preface is dated\nApril 24, 1780, and the Dedication is signed \"John Hope,\" who had, he tells\nus, \"once the honour of sitting\" in the House of Commons; and he also\ninforms us that Falkner wrote part of the poem _The Shipwreck_ under his\nroof. Besides many amusing articles in prose and verse, the volume contains\ntwenty-one papers entitled \"The Leveller,\" which I believe originally\nappeared periodically in the _Westminster Mag._; but I do not find them\nnoticed by Drake in his Essays on that class of literature.\n\nF. R. A.\n\nOak House.\n\n    [We entirely agree with our Correspondent on the subject of the first\n    part of his Note; and can assure him there are no communications which\n    we more earnestly desire than such as identify the authors of anonymous\n    works, or furnish new information respecting writers of whom little is\n    known.--ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nOLD MUSIC.\n\nI feel thankful to DR. RIMBAULT for the \"Old Concert Bill\" which you have\nprinted in Vol. v., p. 556., and wish it may lead to more contributions\ntowards what does not exist, but is much to be wished for, a history of\n_instrumental_ music in this country. Having had this subject in my mind a\ngood while, and having had occasion to observe how defective and erroneous\nthe supposed sources of information are, I have from time to time made\nmemoranda, which would be at the service of anybody who would undertake\nsuch a {583} work as the correction of the _Dictionary of Musicians_, or\nthe compilation of a more complete work. My notes indeed are not of much\nimportance, but it is the kind of case in which every little helps. In this\nconcert bill, for instance, relating to a first-rate performance, we have\nfive names, Grano, Dieupart, Pippo, Vebar, and Baston, which are not in the\nDictionary. As to the first, I only know him by a set of solos for a violin\nor flute, which I have; of the next three, I know nothing; and of the last,\nI did not know that he performed Woodcock's music, or indeed that he\nperformed at all, though I knew him as a composer. And in a volume now\nlying before me, \"XII Concertos\" by Woodcock are followed by \"Six Concertos\nin Six Parts for Violins and Flutes, viz.: a Fifth, Sixth, and Concert\nFlute: the proper Flute being nam'd to each Concerto; composed by Mr. John\nBaston,\" and printed for Walsh. He is not, however, named either as a\ncomposer or performer in the Dictionary. It may be said that these are\nobscure persons; but that is the very reason why some slight, plain notice\nof them should exist somewhere; for the history of an art is not well\nwritten, or well understood, if there is not some easy way of learning more\nor less about the obscure persons who are every now and then coming on the\nstage.\n\nTo this note, may I be allowed to add a couple of Queries which perhaps\nsome musical reader may be able and willing to answer.\n\n1. Who was \"_Joseph_ Jackson, Batchelor in Music, late of St. John's\nCollege, Oxford;\" and did he compose anything beside six sonatas for two\nviolins and a violoncello, which were \"printed for the widow by Thompson\nand Son in St. Paul's Churchyard,\" I suppose (from some other \"just\npublished\" music advertised on the title-page) about a century ago?\n\n2. I have also--\n\n    \"Six Trio pour deux Violons et Alto Viola ou Basse oblig\u00e9. Compos\u00e9s par\n    Mr. Bach; mis au jour par Mr. Huberty de l'Academie Royale de Musique,\n    grav\u00e9s par M^e son Epouse. Oeuvre II.\"\n\nWhich Bach was the composer? I do not pretend to know by the style, being\nonly--\n\nAN AMATEUR.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTREASURY OF ST. MARK'S; RECORD AT TIBERIUS.\n\nIn Howell's _Familiar Letters_, edit. 1726, p. 62., he says that he saw in\nthe Treasury of St. Mark's, Venice, a huge[2] iron chest as tall as\nhimself--\n\n    \"that hath no lock, but a crevice through which they cast in the gold\n    that's bequeathed to St. Mark in legacies, whereon is engraven this\n    proud motto:\n\n     'Quando questo scrinio S'apria,\n      Tutto 'l Mundo tremera.'\n\n    'When this chest is opened, the whole world shall tremble.'\"\n\nIs there any other account of this chest, or of its having been opened, as\nit was evidently reserved for some great necessity? Did not the exigencies\nof the state, during its decline, compel the Venetians to resort to it; if\nnot, such a treasure could hardly escape the lynx-eyed rapacity of some one\nof the many spoilers to whom the unfortunate city has been subject. At p.\n275. he gives an account of having read in _Suidas_, that in his time a\nrecord existed at Tiberius which was found in the Temple at Jerusalem when\nit was destroyed, which affirms that our Saviour was in his lifetime upon\nearth chosen a priest of the Temple, and registered therein as \"Jesus\nChrist, the Son of God and of the Virgin Mary.\" Howell requests the opinion\nof Dr. Usher, Lord Primate of Ireland, on the subject. Is there any\ncorroborative evidence that such a register existed?\n\nE. N. W.\n\nSouthwark.\n\n[Footnote 2: \"huge\" corected from \"hugh\"--Transcriber.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nUNICORN.\n\nCan any of your correspondents refer me to an account of the supposed\nhabits of this animal, which in these matter-of-fact days we must, I\npresume, be content to consider as fabulous? I am desirous to know from\nwhat source we derive the stories of the animosity between the lion and\nunicorn, and the curious way of catching the latter, which are referred to\nin Spenser's _Faerie Queen_, Act II. Sc. 5. 10.:\n\n   \"Like as a lyon, whose imperiall powre,\n    A prowd rebellious unicorn defyes,\n    T'avoide the rash assault and wrathful stowre\n    Of his fiers foe, him a tree applyes,\n    And when him ronning in full course he spyes,\n    He slips aside; the whiles that furious beast\n    His precious horne, sought of his enemyes,\n    Strikes in the stocke, ne thence can be releast,\n  But to the mighty victor yields a bounteous feast.\"\n\nShakspeare also (_Julius C\u00e6sar_, Act II. Sc. 1.) speaks of the supposed\nmode of entrapping them:\n\n                 \"For he loves to hear,\n  That unicorns may be betrayed with trees,\n  And bears with glasses, elephants with holes,\n  Lions with toils, and men with flatterers.\"\n\nThe ancients were most liberal with their descriptions of fabulous animals,\nand the Monoceros or Unicorn was a favourite subject with them; but I am\nnot aware whether or no the account which Spencer gives has so early an\norigin.\n\nThe connexion of the unicorn with the lion in the royal arms of this\ncountry naturally forces itself upon the attention, and I find that the\npresent arms were settled at the accession of George I. We owe the\nintroduction of the unicorn, however, to James I.; who, as King of\nScotland, bore two unicorns, and coupled one with the English lion when the\ntwo kingdoms were {584} united. Perhaps some of your correspondents can\ninform me how two unicorns became the \"supporters\" of the \"achievement\" of\nthe Scottish kings.\n\nThe position of the lion and unicorn in the arms of our country seems to\nhave given rise (and naturally enough in the mind of one who was ignorant\nof heraldic decoration) to a nursery rhyme, which I well remember to have\nlearnt:\n\n \"The lion and the unicorn\n  Were fighting for the crown,\n  The lion beat the unicorn\n  All round the town,\" &c. &c.;\n\nunless it alludes to a contest for dominion over the brute creation, which\nSpenser's \"rebellious unicorn\" seems to have waged with the tawny monarch.\n\nERICA.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFLANAGAN ON THE ROUND TOWERS OF IRELAND.\n\nCan you tell me anything of the history of a little work, of which the\nfollowing is the title?--\n\n    \"A Discourse of the Round Towers of Ireland, in which the errors of the\n    various writers on that subject are detected and confuted, and the true\n    cause of so many differences among the learned, on the question of\n    their use and history, is assigned and demonstrated. By John Flanagan,\n    Kilkenny. Printed for the author by Thomas Kelly, 1843.\"\n\nIt was purchased by a Dublin bookseller at Jones' last sale (Catalogue, No.\n704.), for 2s. 6d. The bookseller, who has kindly lent me the book, says\nthat it was never printed in Kilkenny, and that it is very scarce, he\nhaving seen only one other copy of it. It is a small quarto of twenty-four\npages, beautifully printed on good paper, which leads me also to believe\nthat the book could not have been printed in Kilkenny. The author, whoever\nhe was or is, boldly says that, \"There are no Round Towers in Ireland,\" p.\n8., and through the pages of the work runs a vein of nonsense, which would\nlead a person to think that the author was not very right in his mind.\nStill, there is something very remarkable in the production.\n\nR. H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_St. Augustine's Six Treatises on Music._--Dupin mentions St. Augustine's\n_Six Treatises on Music_: do these exist in print? if so, in what edition\nare they to be found?\n\nE. A. H. L.\n\n_Bishop Merriman._--A few years ago inquiry was unsuccessfully made in the\n_Gentleman's Magazine_, and elsewhere both in England and Ireland for some\nparticulars of John Merriman, the first Protestant Bishop of Down and\nConnor.\n\nIn Cox's _Hibernia Anglicana_ it appears that \"Loftus, Archbishop of\nArmagh, was consecrated by the Popish Archbishop Curwin; Thomas Lancaster,\nthe first Protestant Bishop of Kildare, was consecrated by Archbishop\nBrown; and John Merriman, the first Protestant Bishop of Down and Connor,\nwas consecrated by Lancaster when Primate.\"\n\nThis Bishop Merriman had been chaplain to Queen Elizabeth; he was made\nVicar of St. John's, Atheboy, in the first year of her reign, and was\nconsecrated Bishop of Down and Connor, Jan. 19, 1568/9. He died in 1572.\n\nThe probable father of Bishop Merriman may be found in the _Rutland\nPapers_, published by the Camden Society, where _Mr. Meryman_, in a second\nlist called _William Meryman_, who held some office in the \"Kechyn,\" is\nselected as one of the attendants on Henry VIII. and Queen Katherine to the\nField of the Cloth of Gold in 1520.\n\nThere was formerly a family of the name of Merriman residing in Ireland:\ndoes it now exist? In England there are several families of this name: are\nany of them descended from this source?\n\nT. D. P.\n\n_The Escubierto._--Where can the effusions of the Capateiro da Bandarra be\nseen in England? And has any of your correspondents read them, so as to be\nable to explain the nature of his language and teaching concerning the\nEscubierto? I believe it is admitted, that the doctrine of the\nSebastianistas is superadded, exegetically, to that of the Capateiro, and\nis not to be found in him.\n\nA. N.\n\n_J. Scandret._--I should be much obliged for any information respecting \"J.\nScandret, priest of the Church of England,\" the author of a little treatise\nentitled _Sacrifice, the Divine Service_, originally published in 1707;\nwith a recommendation from the celebrated Charles Leslie, Chancellor of\nConnor. Mr. Parker, of Oxford, reprinted it in 1840; but as \"N. & Q.\" had\nnot then begun its useful career, the editor was unable to satisfy that\ncuriosity which most readers feel respecting the authors of such books as\nmerit their attention.\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_Mary Horton._--I find in Burke's _Extinct Baronetage_, p. 269. (article\n\"Horton of Chadderton\"), that \"William Horton, of Coley, in Halifax parish,\ndied in 1739-40: by Mary his wife, daughter of (Thomas) Chester, Esq., he\nleft an only daughter, _Mary_, living and unmarried in 1766.\" Can any one\ninform me whether this Mary Horton ever _married_, when she _died_, and\nwhere she was buried?\n\nTEWARS.\n\n_Biblicus on the Apocalypse._--I shall feel much obliged if any reader of\n\"N. & Q.\" will give me information respecting a series of articles which\nappeared about the year 1819 in some newspaper or periodical with the\nsignature of _Biblicus_ {585} appended to them: they were intended, as far\nas I can learn, to be a sort of commentary on some portion of the\nApocalypse. The writer left his work unfinished; but as many as appeared\nthus periodically were afterwards published in a separate pamphlet. I\nshould be glad to know where a copy of this pamphlet is to be had; or in\nwhat paper the articles originally appeared.\n\nF. N.\n\n_Cleopatra playing at Billiards._--Perhaps one of your readers, more\nlearned in Shakspeare than myself, can tell me what game he refers to in\nthe following extract:\n\n \"_Cleo._ Let us to billiards. Come, Charmian.\n  _Char._ My arm is sore: best play with Mardian.\"\n                  _Ant. and Cleo._, Act II. Sc. 5.\n\nCan the game of billiards, as we now have it, boast of such high antiquity\nas to have been played by \"the serpent of Old Nile;\" or is the mention of\nit simply one of the great poet's anachronisms?\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n\"_Then comes the reckoning_,\" &c.--Who is the author of the following\nwell-known couplet?\n\n \"Then comes the reckoning when the feast is o'er,\n  The dreadful reckoning, when men smile no more.\"\n\nA CONSTANT READER.\n\n_Giving the Sack._--Will any of your numerous readers kindly explain to me\nthe _origin_ of the phrases \"to give any one the sack or bag,\" and \"einem\neinen Korb geben\"? We must all be aware of their acceptation.\n\nTHOMAS LAWRENCE.\n\nAshby-de-la-Zouch.\n\n_Scotch Provincial Tokens of the Seventeenth Century._--Can any of your\nreaders inform me if there were any of these tokens, which were so abundant\nthroughout England, Wales, and Ireland, issued in Scotland?\n\nR. H. B.\n\n_Burial of Sir John Moore._--You have had many very interesting\ncommunications respecting the justly admired poem on \"The Burial of Sir\nJohn Moore.\" Let me ask whether it was a matter of fact, that they \"buried\nhim darkly at dead of night\"? I believe the clergyman who read the service\nis now living near Hereford, and that he will state that the interment took\nplace _in the morning_ after the battle.\n\nBALLIOLENSIS.\n\n_Mexican, &c. Grammar._--I hope some of your readers can tell me where I\nmay get a grammar of the language of the Mexicans, Chilians, or any other\nof the tribes of South America. The Spanish missionaries compiled grammars\nof some of the South American tongues; but I think they must have become\nscarce, as I can never find one in any catalogue of old books.\n\nW. B. D.\n\n_Foundation Stones._--In the _Illustrated News_ of the 29th of May, is an\naccount of the masonic jewels for the grand lodge of England, including\nthree ivory gavels for \"laying foundation stones:\" hence arise the\nfollowing Queries.\n\nWhen did the laying of foundation stones first become a ceremony?\n\nWhat old foundation stones have been restored to light, showing the date of\nlaying, and the accessories used, whether oil, wine, and corn, or what\nelse? I have never seen an allusion to such discovery in the demolition of\nold buildings.\n\nJNO. D. ALLCROFT.\n\nOxford Square.\n\n_Mary Faun._--Can any of your subscribers give me any account of the\nancestry of Mary Faun said to have married Thomas Charlton, Esq.? See\nBurke's _Landed Gentry_, vol. i. p. 209.\n\nB.\n\n_Tonson and the Westminsters._--I have a small duodecimo print, in which\nare represented three scenes,--\n\n  A man tossed in a blanket.\n  A man flogged.\n  A man begging.\n\nThis victim is said to be Jacob Tonson, the printer. The tormentors, who\nare all in collegiate dresses, are said to be Westminster Collegians.\n\nAre these scenes facts or fictions?\n\nWhat was Tonson's offence?\n\nIs there any other explanation of the print?\n\nI hope some old Westminster to whom the school tradition may have descended\nwill be kind enough to answer these Queries.\n\nGRIFFIN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries Answered.\n\n_Lady Farewell's Funeral Sermon._--Would any of your correspondents help me\nto unravel the mystery (if there be any) involved in the typography of the\nLatin portion of the following title of a book \"printed for Edw. Brewster,\nat the Crane, in St. Paul's Church-yard, 1661?\"\n\n    \"Magna Charta; or the Christian's Charter Epitomized. In a Sermon\n    preached at the Funerall of the Right Worshipfull the Lady Mary\n    Farewell at Hill-Bishops near Taunton, by Geo. Newton, Minister of the\n    Gospel there.\n\n      D. FareweLL obIIt MarIa saLVtIs\n                  In anno\n      Hos annos posItos VIXIt & Ipsa\n                  VaLe.\"\n\nW. A. J.\n\n    [The information required by our correspondent is more quaint and\n    curious than difficult to supply. The four lines with which the title\n    concludes form a chronogram, or an inscription comprising a certain\n    date and number, expressed by those letters inserted in larger\n    characters; which are to be taken separately and added together,\n    according to their value as Roman numerals. When the arithmetical\n    letters occurring in the first two lines are thus taken, they will be\n    found to compose the year 1660, when the Lady Farewell died, {586} as\n    the words declare; and when the numerals are selected from the last two\n    lines, they exhibit 74, her age at the time, as they also indicate; in\n    the following manner:--\n\n        D    500       I    1\n       LL    100    VIXI   17\n       II      2       I    1\n       MI   1001      VL   55\n      LVI     56           --\n        I      1           74\n            ----           --\n            1660\n\n    The lady who is commemorated in this inscription was the daughter of\n    Sir Edwald Seymour of Berrie Castle, in Devonshire, Baronet, and wife\n    of \"the excellently-accomplished Sir George Farewell, Knight, who died\n    May 14, 1647;\" as it is recorded on his monument at Hill-Bishops. In\n    the same epitaph it is stated, that she was the mother of twenty\n    children, and that she died Dec. 13, 1660; and the inscription\n    concludes with these verses to the united memory of Sir George and Lady\n    Farewell:\n\n     \"A person graceful, learn'd, humble, and good,\n      Well match'd with beautie, virtue, and high blood:\n      Yet, after sufferings great and long, both dead\n      To mind us where great worth is honour\u00e9d.\"\n\n      Collinson's _Somersetshire_, vol. iii. p. 255.\n\n    The practice of making chronograms for the expressing of dates in\n    books, epitaphs, and especially on medals, was extremely common in the\n    sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. One of the most remarkable is that\n    commemorating the death of Queen Elizabeth:--\n\n     \"My Day Is Closed In Immortality:\"\n\n    the arithmetical formula of which is M = 1000 + D = 500 + C = 100 + III\n    = 3 = A. D. 1603. In the second paper by Addison on the different\n    species of false wit (_Spectator_, No. 60) is noticed the medal that\n    was struck of Gustavus Adolphus, with the motto:\n\n     \"ChrIstVs DuX ergo trIVMphVs.\"\n\n    \"If you take the pains,\" continues the author, \"to pick the figures out\n    of the several words, and range them in their proper order, you will\n    find they amount to MDCXVVVII, or 1627; the year in which the medal was\n    stamped.\"\n\n    There is one peculiarity in the chronogram sent by our correspondent,\n    which singularly illustrates a passage in Shakspeare, and by which also\n    it is most amusingly illustrated. It will be observed, that the Rev. G.\n    Newton takes advantage of the double letters at the end of Farewell, to\n    express 100: and it will be remembered that \"good M. Holofernes,\" in\n    _Love's Labour's Lost_, introduces the same thought into his sonnet as\n    an exquisite and far-fetched fancy:\n\n     \"If Sore be sore, then _L to Sore_\n        _Makes Fifty Sores_: Oh sore L!\n      Of _One_ sore I _an Hundred_ make,\n        By adding but _One more L_.\"]\n\n_Sir E. K. Williams._--Will any gentleman refer me to the pedigree of\nLieut.-Gen. Sir Edmund Kenyon Williams, a distinguished Peninsular officer,\nwho died about three years ago? And also, where can I find or obtain such a\nbook as the _History of Aberystwith, or Blaina Gwent?_\n\nC. W.\n\nBradford.\n\n    [Sir Edmund Keynton Williams, K.C.B., born 1779, at Mathern, county of\n    Monmouth, died Dec. 7, 1849, Colonel of the 80th Regiment of Foot, was\n    only son of the Rev. Henry Williams, Vicar of Undy, county of Monmouth;\n    who was second son of Edmund Williams, of Incasryddit, in the parish of\n    Bedwelty, county of Monmouth; and grandson of William Williams of the\n    same place. Where any farther account of his family can be found we\n    know not.]\n\n_Order of the Cockle._--What sort of Order was this? Was it the Order of\n_St. Michael_? It is mentioned incidentally by John Knox in his _History of\nthe Reformation of Religion in Scotland_ (book v.):\n\n    \"In the end of January [1566] arrived an ambassador from France, named\n    Monsieur Rambullet, having with him about forty horse in train, who\n    came from England. He brought with him the Order of the Cockle from the\n    King of France to the king [Lord Darnley], who received the same at the\n    mass, in the chapel of the palace of Holyrood House.\"\n\nIn 1548, also, the Duke of Chatelherault, and the Earls of Huntly, Argyle,\nand Angus, had been invested with the same Order (book i.). Of course, Knox\nwas always ready to ridicule such \"remnants of paganism and popery.\"\n\nR. S. F.\n\nPerth.\n\n    [The order which Dudley received was that of St. Michael. There was\n    formerly in France an order \"du navire et de la coquille de mer,\"\n    instituted, says Perrot[3], by St. Louis, in 1269, in memory of a\n    perilous expedition which he made by sea for the succour of Christians;\n    but adds, \"il a peu surv\u00e9cu \u00e0 son fondateur.\"]\n\n[Footnote 3: _Collection Historique des Ordres de Chevalerie._ Paris, 4to.\n1820, p. 270.]\n\n_Waller Family._--I find from Clutterbuck's _Herts_, vol. ii. p. 476., that\nSir Henry Boteler, Kt., of Hatfield Woodhall, Herts, married to his first\nwife, at Watton Woodhall, Herts, July 26, 1563, Katherine, daughter of\nRobert Waller, of Hadley, and widow of Mr. Pope. I have examined all the\npedigrees of the Wallers I can find to ascertain to which branch of them\nthis lady belonged. Can any of your readers supply me with any particulars\nof her family?\n\nTEWARS.\n\n    [Possibly from the Wallers of Groombridge, county of Sussex. Thomas\n    Waller, of Lansdall, in that county, second son of Thomas Waller, of\n    Groombridge, had a son, Thomas, whose only daughter and heir,\n    Catherine, married Thomas Pope, of Henfield, county of Sussex. In such\n    cases the Christian name given by Clutterbuck may be wrong.--See the\n    Histories of Kent and Sussex for the account of the Wallers.]\n\n{587}\n\n_Life of St. Werburgh._--In King's _Vale Royal_, and other works on\nCheshire antiquities, reference is made to a _Life of St. Werburgh_ in\nverse, by Henry Bradshaw, a monk of Chester. I am anxious to ascertain\nwhether the original MS. is now in existence; and, if not, in what\ncollection a _copy_ of the poem is preserved?\n\nT. H.\n\n    [Mr. Hawkins of the British Museum edited a reprint of this _Life of\n    St. Werburgh_ for the Chetham Society, and in Mr. H.'s preface will be\n    found all that is known of the existing copies of the printed work. The\n    Editor did not know of any manuscript copy of the _Life_.]\n\n_Blindman's Holiday._--I have frequently heard the term \"Blind Man's\nHoliday\" used when it is getting dark in the evening, and one cannot see to\nread or write, work, &c. I have asked several persons if they knew the\norigin and reason of application of this expression, but can obtain no\nsatisfactory explanation. Can any of your readers furnish one?\n\nW. H. C.\n\n    [Florio has \"_Feriato_, vacancy from labour, rest from worke,\n    _blindman's holiday_.\" That amusing old antiquary, Dr. Pegge, made a\n    query of this term about half a century ago. He says, \"The twilight, or\n    rather the hour between the time when one can no longer see to read,\n    and the lighting of the candle, is commonly called _blindman's\n    holiday_: _qu._ the meaning or occasion of this proverbial saying? I\n    conceive, that at that time, all the family being at leisure to\n    converse and discourse, should there be a blind person in the family,\n    it is the time when his happiness is greatest, every one then being at\n    liberty to attend to, and to entertain him.\"--_Anonymiana_, cent. iii.\n    sect. xviii.]\n\n_Ab. Seller._--Any information respecting Ab. Seller, rector of\nCombentynhead, Devon, and author of _The Devout Communicant, assisted with\nRules for the Worthy Receiving of the Blessed Eucharist_, London, 1686,\nwill be much valued by\n\nE. D. R.\n\n    [Abednego Seller was a native of Plymouth, educated at Lincoln College,\n    Oxford; minister of Combentynhead, in Devonshire, and subsequently\n    vicar of St. Charles, Plymouth; but was deprived for refusing to take\n    the oaths to William III. In Hearne's _MS. Diaries_, 1710, vol. xxv.\n    occurs a notice of him:--\"Mr. Abednego Seller was another Nonjuror, and\n    had also collected an excellent study of books; but as he was a man of\n    less learning than Dr. Thomas Smith [the editor of Bede], so his books\n    were inferior to them, and heaped together with less discretion.\"\n    Another notice of him occurs in Granger's _Biog. Dict._, vol. iv. p.\n    11.;--\"Mr. Ashby, President of St. John's College, Cambridge, has a\n    copy of _Konigii Bibliotheca_, interleaved and filled with MS. notes by\n    A. Seller.\" He was the author of several works which are given in\n    Watt's _Bibliotheca Britan._, but the following is omitted: _Remarks\n    upon the Reflections of the Author of 'Popery Misrepresented,' &c. in\n    his Answerer, particularly as to the Deposing Doctrine_, Anon., London,\n    4to. 1686. Another work has also been attributed to him, viz.\n    _Considerations upon the Second Canon in the Book entitled\n    'Constitutions and Canons Ecclesiastical,'_ &c. Lond., 4to. 1693.\n    Seller died about 1720, aged seventy-three. A letter from Seller to\n    Humphrey Wanley, concerning Greek music, &c., will be found in the\n    Harl. MSS. No. 3782, Art. 26. Consult also Wood's _Athen\u00e6 Oxon._, vol.\n    iv. p. 563. edit. Bliss.]\n\n_Martin-drunk._--1. Thomas Nash, in his classification of drunkards,\ndescribes the seventh species as \"Martin-drunk, when a man is drunk, and\ndrinks himself sober ere he stir.\" What is the origin of the expression\n\"Martin-drunk?\"\n\n2. This passage reminds me of a line, which I fancied I had read in Lord\nByron, but which I am now unable to trace. It is (if I remember aright):\n\n \"And drinking largely sobers one again.\"\n\nCan you give me a reference for this, either in Byron or any other of our\npoets?\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n    [2. The latter passage occurs in Pope's _Essay on Criticism_, line\n    215:--\n\n     \"A little learning is a dangerous thing!\n      Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring:\n      There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain,\n      And drinking largely sobers us again.\"]\n\n_Bagster's English Version._--Who edited Bagster's English version of the\n_Polyglott Bible_? The preface is signed T. C. Whence is the motto:\n\n  [Greek: Pollai men thn\u00eatois Gl\u00f4ttai, mia d' Athanatoisin?]\n\nA. A. D.\n\n    [The late Dr. Thomas Chevalier was the editor, and wrote the Preface;\n    and the Rev. H. F. Cary supplied the Greek motto.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nREPLY TO MR. HICKSON'S OBJECTIONS.\n\nVol. v., pp. 554. 573.)\n\nThat MR. HICKSON should have discovered no graver objections to certain\nsuggestions of mine respecting the text of Shakspeare than those he has\nbrought forward, is of itself no slight testimonial in their favour.\n\nIn one instance I have already (Vol. v., p. 210.) shown MR. HICKSON (I\ntrust _satisfactorily_) that his then somewhat similar objection had no\nweight; nor do these now advanced appear much more formidable.\n\nAs to the passage from _As You Like It_, which MR. HICKSON remarks is\ncapable of a moral as well as a physical interpretation--undoubtedly it is!\nBut, in the first place, it must still remain a matter of opinion _which_\nsense best accords with the context: and, secondly, even admitting the\nmoral sense to be the true one, still it does not necessarily disturb the\nanalogy between it and {588} Imogen's allusion to the _jay of Italy_. In\nthat case, also, the _moral_ sense may be understood as implying the\nabsence of all principle other than that derived from her own gaudy vanity.\n\nWere I disposed to cavil, I might, in my turn, question MR. HICKSON'S\nestimate of Phebe's beauty. Surely Rosalind's depreciation of it is not\nreal, but only assumed, for the purpose of humbling, Phebe! _Inky brows,\nblack silk hair, bugle eye-balls, cheek of cream_--these are not items in a\ncatalogue of ugliness!\n\nMR. HICKSON'S second objection (p. 573.) is to my explanation of the\ndemonstrative _that_ in the Duke's opening speech in _Measure for Measure_.\nHe thinks that, according to \"the language we in England use,\" the Duke\nwould have used the word _this_ instead of _that_.\n\nDoes MR. HICKSON seriously mean to say that Shakspeare's language is to be\nscanned by our present ideas of correctness? Is the bold sweep of the\nMaster's hand to be measured by the graduation of modern convention? Are\nthere no instances in Shakspeare of the indiscriminate substitution of\npersonal and impersonal pronouns--of active and passive participles--of\nwords and phrases waiting upon the magician's wind, like familiar spirits,\nto be moulded to his will, and acknowledging no rule but of _his_ creation?\n\nBut, in the present case, I will not admit that any such licence is\nnecessary. To MR. HICKSON'S question, \"Is this the language we in England\nuse?\" I answer, It is!\n\nWe do, even at the present day, say to a messenger, \"Take _that_ to,\" &c.,\neven before we have transferred the missive from our hand to his. I can\neven fancy an individual, less anxious perhaps about grammar than\nbenevolence, stretching forth to some unfortunate, and exclaiming, while\nyet his intended gift was in his own keeping, \"_There needs but_ THAT _to\nyour relief--there it is!_\"\n\nIt does not seem to have occurred to MR. HICKSON that the same \"fatal\nobjection\" which he brings forward against _that_, might also be pleaded\nagainst _there_. When the Duke says, \"_There_ is our commission:\" why not,\n\"_Here_ is our commission\"? _There_ stands precisely in the same relation\nto _that_, as _here_ does to _this_!\n\nA. E. B.\n\nLeeds.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE TERM \"MILESIAN.\"\n\n(Vol. v., p. 453.)\n\nIn reference to the communication of MR. RICHARDS, but I have not seen MR.\nFRASER'S Query, I beg to observe, for the honour of \"Old Ireland,\" that\nupwards of thirty years since, the Royal Irish Academy awarded to me a\nprize of 80l., with the Cunningham gold medal, for an _Essay on the Ancient\nHistory, &c. of Ireland_. It was published in the sixteenth volume of their\n_Transactions_ to an extent of 380 pages quarto; and Mr. Moore has done me\nthe honour to write to me, that it was his guide throughout the first two\nvolumes of his history of this country. In that Essay, I have written very\nfully of the \"Milesian\" colonisation; so called, not directly from Milesius\nhimself, but from his two sons, Heber and Heremon, who led the expedition.\nThe native annalists represent the course of the emigrants through the\nMediterranean by such progressive stages as indicate the state and progress\nof the Phoenicians after their exodus under the conduct of Cadmus; though\nthe ingenuity of the Bards occasionally introduced that colouring of\nromance, which perhaps can alone make very remote objects distinguishable.\nExternal testimonies of these oriental wanderers are traceable through\n_Herodotus_, lib. iv. c. 42.; _Pliny_, c. 86.; Nennius, _Hist. Britt._, c.\n9.; Thomas Walsingham, _Ypodigma Neustri\u00e6_ ad ann. 1185. The venerable\nWINTOUN adopts all the traditions of the Irish Chronicles on the subject\n(_Cronyk. of Scotl._, lib. ii. c. 9.); and Macpherson declares\n(_Dissertation_, p. 15.) that such of the ancient records of Scotland as\nescaped the barbarous policy of Edward I. support this account. The writers\non Spanish history, the _Hispania Illustrata_, De Bellegarde's _Hist. Gen.\nd'Espagne_, vol. i. c. i. p. 4., Emanuel de Faria y Sousa, &c., carry the\nlinks through Spain; and such indeed has been the long and general faith in\nthe tradition, that it has been actually embodied, even to the names of\nthose alleged leaders Heber and Heremon, in an act of parliament (of\nIreland I must admit) in the eleventh year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth,\nand through an occurrence therein engrafted upon it is expressly derived\none of Her Majesty's--\n\n    \"Auntient and sundrie strong authentique tytles for the Kings of\n    England to this land of Ireland.\"\n\nJOHN D'ALTON.\n\n48. Summer Hill, Dublin.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBEN. JONSON'S ADOPTED SONS.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 537.)\n\nI doubt if _Alexander_ Brome was one of Ben. Jonson's adopted sons. It is\nnot improbable, however, that _Richard_ Brome (author of the comedies of\n_The Northern Lass_ and the _Antipodes_) was one. In Ben. Jonson's\n_Underwoods_ is a poem to Richard Brome \"on his comedy of _The Northern\nLass_,\" which commences thus:\n\n \"I had you for a servant once, Dick Brome,\n    And you perform'd a servant's faithful parts;\n  Now you are got into a nearer room\n    Of fellowship, professing my old arts.\"\n\nThomas Randolph was certainly one of Jonson's sons. See in his _Poems_ (4th\nedit. p. 17.): \"A {589} gratulatory to M. Ben. Jonson for his adopting of\nhim to be his _son_.\"\n\nIn Jonson's _Underwoods_ is a poem \"To my _dear Son_ and right learned\nFriend Master Joseph Rutter.\" This is in praise of his \"first play,\" but I\nam unable to state what that play was; nor can I give further information\nrespecting Master Joseph Rutter, than that he is apparently the author of\n\"An Elegy upon Ben. Jonson\" in _Jonsonus Viribus_.\n\nOf William Cartwright Ben. Jonson used to say, \"_My son_, Cartwright,\nwrites all like a man.\" (Campbell's _Specimens of the British Poets_, ed.\n1841, p. 183.)\n\nJames Howell was another of Jonson's sons, and has, in _Jonsonus Viribus_,\nsome lines \"Upon the Poet of his Time, Benjamin Jonson, his honoured Friend\nand _Father_.\"\n\nShackerley Marmion seems to have been another son. See in _Jonsonus\nViribus_, \"A Funeral Sacrifice to the sacred memory of _his thrice-honoured\nfather_ Ben. Jonson.\"\n\nIf Jonson really had twelve sons, it is not improbable that some of the\nfollowing were of the number: Sir Kenelm Digby, Thomas Carew, John\nCleveland, Sir John Suckling, Thomas May, Edward Hyde (afterwards Earl of\nClarendon), Owen Feltham, Jasper Mayne, Richard West, John Vaughan, Thomas\nHobbes.\n\nI should have been disposed to have added to the above illustrious list the\nname of Edmund Waller, but for a statement of Aubrey, who says, \"He told me\nhe was not acquainted with Ben. Jonson\" (Aubrey's _Lives_, p. 564.).\n\nAubrey (_Lives_, p. 413.), speaking of Ben. Jonson, says:\n\n    \"Serjeant Jo. Hoskins, of Herefordshire, was his _father_. I remember\n    his sonne (S^r Bennet Hoskins, baronet, who was something poeticall in\n    his youth), told me, that when he desired to be adopted his son, 'No,'\n    sayd he, ''tis honour enough for me to be your brother; I am your\n    father's son, 'twas he that polished me, I do acknowledge it.'\"\n\nI observe that, prefixed to Randolph's _Poems_, are some lines by Richard\nWest, B.A., and student of Christ's Church: \"To the pious Memory of my dear\n_Brother-in-Law_, Mr. Thomas Randolph.\" As West must have been unmarried,\nand as I believe Randolph was also unmarried, it is possible that West\ncalls him his brother-in-law from his being also an adopted son of Ben.\nJonson.\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSHAKSPEARE'S SEAL.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 539.)\n\nThere is a very full and curious account of a _ring_-seal (of which I\npossess two red wax impressions), supposed to have belonged to Shakspeare,\nin a work unassumingly entitled _A Guide to Stratford-upon-Avon_, by R. B.\nWheler, published in 1814. I presume _that_ is the seal--or, rather,\n_ring_-seal--to which reference is made; but how far Mr. Wheler's\nstatements and speculations may encourage \"belief in the genuineness of\nthis relic,\" your correspondent, and others taking any interest in such\nmatters, must for themselves determine.\n\nAs the publication above named is before me, it may not be unacceptable to\ngive a summary of Mr. Wheler's narrative, which occupies eight concluding\npages of the _Guide_. It appears that on the 16th March, 1810, an ancient\ngold ring, weighing 12 dwts., and bearing the initials \"W. S.,\" engraved in\nRoman characters, was found by a labourer's wife upon the surface of the\nmill-close adjoining Stratford churchyard, being the exact spot whereon Mr.\nOldaker since erected his present residence. It had undoubtedly been lost a\ngreat many years, being nearly black; and, continues Mr. W.,--\n\n    \"Though I purchased it upon the same day, for 36s. (the current value\n    of the _gold_), the woman had sufficient time to destroy the 'precious\n    _\u00e6rugo_' by having it unnecessarily immersed in _aquafortis_, to\n    ascertain and prove the metal, at a silversmith's shop, which\n    consequently restored its original colour. It is of tolerably large\n    dimensions, and evidently a gentleman's ring of Elizabeth's age.\n    Similar seal-rings are represented on cotemporary paintings and\n    monuments: and the crossing of the central lines of the 'W.' with the\n    oblique direction of the lines of the 'S.' exactly agree with the\n    characters of that day. For proof we need wander no farther than\n    Stratford Church, where the Totness and Clopton tombs will furnish\n    representations of rings, and Shakspeare's monument of letters,\n    perfectly corresponding in point of shape. The connexion or union of\n    the letters by _the ornamental string and tassels_\" [or _True Lover's\n    Knot_, according to your correspondent], \"was then frequently used, of\n    which numberless instances may be found upon seals and upon\n    inscriptions, in painted windows, and in the title-pages of books of\n    that period; and for further coincidence of circumstances, it may be\n    observed over the porch leading into the hall of Charlcote House near\n    Stratford (erected in the early part of Elizabeth's reign, by the very\n    Sir Thomas Lucy said to have prosecuted Shakspeare for deer-stealing),\n    that the letters 'T. L.' are surrounded in a manner precisely similar.\"\n\nAfter adverting to many vain efforts made by him to discover whether there\nexisted anywhere Shakspeare's seal attached to letter or other writing, Mr.\nWheler states that he had examined--\n\n    \"A list of all the inhabitants of Stratford assessed to the levies in\n    1617, wherein I cannot discover any apparently _respectable_ person the\n    initials of whose name agree with 'W. S.:' but from this assessment,\n    though probably copied from an anterior one, nothing conclusive can be\n    estimated, it being made in the year subsequent to Shakspeare's death;\n    and I should, from a close observation of the ring, be inclined to\n    suppose that it was {590} made in the early part of the poet's life.\n    Mr. Malone, in a conversation I had with him in London,\" (adds Mr.\n    Wheler), \"the 20th April, 1812, about a month before his death, said\n    that he had nothing to allege against the probability of my conjecture\n    as to its owner.\"\n\nMr. W. afterwards proceeds:\n\n    \"That such a seal was used by a person connected with Shakspeare by a\n    marriage is certain; for I possess an impression of the seal (and\n    apparently a seal-ring) of Adrian Quiney, bailiff of Stratford in\n    1559-60; and who, I have every reason to believe, was the uncle of\n    Thomas Quiney, our poet's son-in-law. This seal of Quiney's, which is\n    appended to a deed dated June 28, 9 Eliz., 1567, being a conveyance of\n    property in Bridge Street, Stratford, very minutely corresponds with\n    the Shakspeare ring in size, and has a very near resemblance to it in\n    _the string and tassels_ uniting the Roman initials 'A. Q.;' which\n    ornamental junction is carved somewhat similar to what is now called\n    _The True Lover's Knot_, and in the Shakspeare ring the upper bow or\n    flourish resembles a heart.\"\n\nIn Shakspeare's age--\n\n    \"Seal-rings were very fashionable, but were probably more limited than\n    at present to the nobility and respectable families; for I still\n    confine myself to the respectability of its proprietor.... After\n    numerous and continued researches into public and private documents, I\n    find no Stratfordian of that period so likely to own such a ring as\n    Shakspeare.\"\n\nMr. Wheler concludes--\n\n    \"At present, I possess no positive proof whatever. Let it be remembered\n    that my observations are merely relative. I yet hope to meet with an\n    impression of the ring in my possession; and in this I am more\n    particularly encouraged by the fact, that should success attend the\n    investigation, this seal-ring would be the _only existing article_\n    PROVED to have originally belonged to our immortal poet.\"\n\nWhen Mr. Wheler wrote, the signatures in Montaigne's work, &c. had not been\nrestored to the light.\n\nA HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREASON AND UNDERSTANDING ACCORDING TO COLERIDGE.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 535.)\n\nYour correspondent C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY will pardon me if I deny the\ndiscrepancy in Coleridge's statements on the difference between these\nfaculties. Coleridge refuses to brutes the possession of reason as a\ncontemplative faculty; he allows them, that which in kind differs from\nreason, the understanding _in a certain degree_, and asserts that they do\npossess, in a very marked and characteristic manner, instinct, which, in\ndegree only, falls below understanding. Instinct is distinguishable in\n_degree_ from understanding. Reason is distinguishable from it in _kind_.\nSome kinds of brutes, as dogs and elephants, possess more intelligence than\nothers, as tigers and swine; and some individual dogs possess more of this\nintelligence than others. This intelligence arises from the superior\nactivity of the \"faculty judging according to sense;\" and, when Coleridge\nsays that it is not clear to him \"that the dog may not possess an analogon\nto words,\" he might have gone, I think, further, and have said, with much\nprobability of truth on his side, that the dog _has_ this analogon of\nwords. I am sure I have often known a dog's thoughts by his own way of\nexpressing them, far more distinctly than I am sometimes able to gather a\nfellow man's meaning from his words. Nay, much as I love and venerate\nColeridge--his goodness, his genius, his writings, his memory--I find a dog\nsometimes far more intelligible. Language is a property of the\nunderstanding, but it cannot be developed in words unless there be in the\ncreature an adequate degree of the faculty. This degree of the faculty,\ndogs have not. If they had it, they might fairly be expected to speak,\nread, and write. What we want is the man, or the observation and\nexperiment, which shall show us where the line is to be drawn, if in the\nnature of such gradations lines can be drawn at all, which shall\ndistinguish the degree at which instinct overlaps understanding. The case\nis perhaps too hopelessly complicated. Coleridge has carefully guarded his\nexpressions, that they should not seem to assert for brutes more than he\ncan _prove_ that they possess, by the use of the words \"analogous or fully\nequivalent.\" That brutes can and do reflect, abstract, and generalise, it\nneeds but an understanding of the terms, and some observation of their\nhabits, to feel assured.\n\nCASPAR.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nGENERAL WOLFE.\n\n(Vol. v., pp. 185. 398. &c.)\n\nSince my last communication relative to this celebrated soldier, I have\nfallen in with a volume of the _London Chronicle_ for the first half of the\nyear 1760, and from it I send the following extracts: although there is\nmore information relative to the battle, these only I thought worth\ninsertion in \"N. & Q.\" The first is entitled:\n\n \"A CALL TO THE POETS, ON THE TAKING OF QUEBEC.\n\n \"While to brave Wolfe such clouds of incense rise,\n  And waft his glory to his native skies;\n  Shall yet no altar blaze to Moncton's name,\n  And consecrate his glorious wound to fame;\n  Shall Townshend's deeds, o'er Canada renown'd,\n  So faint in British eulogies resound!\n  No grateful bard in some exalted lay\n  Brave Townshend's worth to future times convey\n  Who, for his country, and great George's cause,\n  Forsook the fulness of domestic joys,\n  To crush 'midst dangers of a world unknown,\n  The savage insults on the British crown.\n  {591}\n  See him return'd triumphant to his king,\n  Wafted on Vict'ry's, and on Glory's wing:\n  Hast thou, great patroness of martial fire,\n  No fav'rite genius, Clio, to inspire?\n  Shall worth, like his, unnotic'd pass away\n  But with the pageant of a short-liv'd day?\n  No; Soul of numbers, tune the votive strings\n  On which thou sing'st of heroes and of kings;\n  Rouse from ungrateful silence some lov'd name\n  Or from the banks of Isis, or of Cam;\n  Bid him, tho' grateful to the dead, rehearse\n  The living hero in immortal verse:\n  So shall each warlike Briton strive to raise,\n  Like him, a monument of deathless praise;\n  So shall each patriot heart his merit move\n  By the warm glow of sympathy of love.\"--T. D.\n                          P. 71. Jan. 19.\n\nAt p. 120., June 31st, is \"A New Song, entitled and called, Britain's\nRemembrancer for the Years 1758 and 1759.\" The fourth verse runs as\nfollows:\n\n \"Quebec we have taken, and taken Breton;\n  Tho' the coast was so steep, that a man might as soon,\n  As the Frenchmen imagin'd, have taken the moon,\n                  Which nobody can deny.\"\n\nMay 10th, p. 449.: \"Capt. Bell, late Aide-de-Camp to the great Gen. Wolfe,\nis appointed captain in the fifth regiment,\" &c. Under the date of June\n28th is Gen. Murray's despatch.\n\nAmong the advertisements are, \"A Discourse delivered at Quebec,\" &c., by\nthe Rev. Eli Dawson (dedicated to Mrs. Wolfe); \"Two Discourses by Jonathan\nMayhew, D.D. of Boston;\" and \"Quebec, a Poetical Essay, in imitation of the\nMiltonic Style, composed by a Volunteer in the service; with Notes\nentertaining and explanatory.\"\n\nA notice of the death of Sir Harry Smith, Bart., aide-de-camp to Wolfe,\nappears in the _Examiner_ for October 22nd, 1811.\n\nAmong other instances of the name is a notice of Major J. Wolfe in\n_Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1836, p. 334.\n\nH. G. D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"THE MILLER'S MELODY,\" AN OLD BALLAD.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 316.)\n\nThe original ballad of \"The Miller's Melody\" is the production of no less a\nperson than a \"Doctor in Divinity,\" of whom the following are a few brief\nparticulars.\n\nJames Smith was born about 1604, educated at Christ Church and Lincoln\nColleges, in Oxford; afterwards naval and military chaplain to the Earl of\nHolland, and domestic chaplain to Thomas Earl of Cleveland. On the\nRestoration of Charles II. he held several Church preferments, and\nultimately became canon and \"chauntor\" in Exeter Cathedral. He was created\nD.D. in 1661, and quitted this life in 1667. Wood informs us he was much in\nesteem \"with the poetical wits of that time, particularly with Philip\nMassinger, who call'd him his son.\"\n\nI have an old \"broadside\" copy of the ballad in question, \"Printed for\nFrancis Grove, 1656,\" which is here transcribed, _verbatim et literatim_,\nfor the especial benefit of your numerous readers. It may also be found in\na rare poetical volume, entitled _Wit Restored_, 1658, and in Dryden's\n_Miscellany Poems_ (second edition, which differs materially from the\nfirst).\n\n \"THE MILLER AND THE KING'S DAUGHTER.\n              _By Mr. Smith._\n\n \"There were two sisters they went playing,\n    With a hie downe, downe, a downe-a,\n  To see their father's ships come sayling in,\n    With a hy downe, downe, a downe-a.\n\n \"And when they came unto the sea-brym,\n    With, &c.\n  The elder did push the younger in;\n    With, &c.\n\n \"O sister, O sister, take me by the gowne,\n    With, &c.\n  And drawe me up upon the dry ground,\n    With, &c.\n\n \"O sister, O sister, that may not bee,\n    With, &c.\n  Till salt and oatmeale grow both of a tree,\n    With, &c.\n\n \"Sometymes she sanke, sometymes she swam,\n    With, &c.\n  Until she came unto the mill-dam;\n    With, &c.\n\n \"The miller runne hastily downe the cliffe,\n    With, &c.\n  And up he betook her withouten her life,\n    With, &c.\n\n \"What did he doe with her brest bone?\n    With, &c.\n  He made him a violl to play thereupon,\n    With, &c.\n\n \"What did he doe with her fingers so small?\n    With, &c.\n  He made him peggs to his violl withal;\n    With, &c.\n\n \"What did he doe with her nose-ridge?\n    With, &c.\n  Unto his violl he made him a bridge,\n    With, &c.\n\n \"What did he doe with her veynes so blew?\n    With, &c.\n  He made him strings to his violl thereto;\n    With, &c.\n\n \"What did he doe with her eyes so bright?\n    With, &c.\n  Upon his violl he played at first sight:\n    With, &c.\n\n  {592}\n \"What did he doe with her tongue so rough?\n    With, &c.\n  Unto the violl it spake enough;\n    With, &c.\n\n \"What did he doe with her two shinnes?\n    With, &c.\n  Unto the violl they danc'd _Moll Syms_;\n    With, &c.\n\n \"Then bespake the treble string,\n    With, &c.\n  O yonder is my father the king;\n    With, &c.\n\n \"Then bespake the second string,\n    With, &c.\n  O yonder sitts my mother the queen;\n    With, &c.\n\n \"And then bespake the strings all three;\n    With, &c.\n  O yonder is my sister that drowned mee.\n    With, &c.\n\n \"Now pay the miller for his payne,\n    With &c.\n  And let him bee gone in the divel's name.\n    With, &c.\"\n\nAs this old ditty turns upon the making \"a viol,\" it may be as well to add\nthat this instrument was the precursor of the violin: but while the viol\nwas the instrument of the higher classes of society, the \"fiddle\" served\nonly for the amusement of the lower. The viol was entirely out of use at\nthe beginning of the last century.\n\nMoll (or Mall) Symms (mentioned in the thirteenth stanza) was a celebrated\ndance tune of the sixteenth century. The musical notes may be found in\n_Queen Elizabeth's Virginal Book_, in the Fitzwillian Museum, Cambridge;\nand in the curious Dutch collection, _Neder Lantsche Gedenck clank_,\nHaerlem, 1626.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSURNAMES.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 509.)\n\nI shall endeavour to answer some of MR. LOWER'S Queries.\n\n1. Names having the prefix _Le_ and ending in _er_ or _re_. They are\nundoubtedly Norman or French, and generally relate to personal trade or\nemployment, as _Le Mesurier_, _Le Tellier_, _Le Tanneur_, _Le Fevre_.\nAnother class with the prefix _Le_, but of various terminations, are\nobviously of French origin, as _Leblanc_, _Lenoir_, _Lebreton_,\n_Lechaplin_, _Lemarchant_. All these came to us by the French Protestant\nrefugees, or from Jersey and Guernsey.\n\n2. The meaning of _worth_. This word generally implies a _military work_,\nand, I think, an _earth-work_; and I doubt whether _worth_ and _earth_ are\nnot from the same root; I personally have been able to trace _works_ in\nmany places whose names end in _worth_. I am satisfied all such surnames\nwere _local_, that is, derived from _places_ so named from military mounds\nor _earth-works_.\n\n3. The meaning of _Le Chaloneur_. It is evidently the same as our English\nname _Challoner_, which Cole admits into his dictionary as \"the name of an\nancient family.\" It means in old French either the _boatman_, from\n\"chalun,\" a boat; or a _fisherman_, from \"chalon,\" a kind of net. As we\nhave in English _Fisher_, in modern French _Lep\u00e9cheur_, in Italian\n_Piscatory_.\n\n4. _Le Cayser._ The same as _C\u00e6sar_, a name now, we believe, extinct\namongst us, but preserved in our literature by Lord Clarendon and Pope. I\nsuspect that it was of a class of _fancy_ names which I shall mention\npresently.\n\n5. Baird and Aird are Scotch names, and probably local. Jameson (whose\nauthority is very low with me) derives _Baird_ from _bard_, and _Aird_ he\ndoes not mention. _Aird_ or _ard_ is Celtic for _high_, and is a common\nlocal denomination in Scotland and Ireland.\n\n6. For the rest of the out-of-the-way names MR. LOWER mentions I can give\nno more explanation than of many thousands others which have been probably\nproduced by some peculiarity or incidents in the first nominee, or some\ncorruption of a better known name. As to this class of fancy names, I can\ngive MR. LOWER a hint that may be of use to him. It used to be the custom\nat the old Foundling Hospital and in all parish workhouses, to give the\nchildren what I venture to call _fancy_ names. I remember being shocked at\nthe heterogeneous nomenclature that was outpoured on fifty or a hundred\npoor babes at the Foundling. I happened once to accompany a noble lady--the\ndaughter of a great sea officer--to one of these Foundling christenings,\nwhen the names of Howe, Duncan, Jervis, and Nelson, were in fashion, and\nthey were each given to half-a-dozen children; and while this was going on,\nmy fair and noble friend whispered me, \"What a shame! all these poor little\ncreatures will grow up to be our cousins.\" Sometimes the names given were\ngrotesque, such as ought not to have been permitted; and sometimes the\nchildren brought into the hospital, pinned to their clothes, names in which\nI suppose the poor mother may have had a meaning, but which seemed to us\nfantastical and extravagant.\n\nIllegitimacy is a considerable source of strange names. I could give some\ndroll instances. Corruption is another; there are half-a-dozen names of\nlabourers in my village which are mere corruptions by vulgar pronunciation\nof some of the noblest names of the peerage.\n\nMR. LOWER cannot have failed to observe the {593} great tendency in the\nUnited States to vary the orthography, and of course, I suppose, the\npronunciation of some of their old English patronymics; not from any\ndislike to them, for the contrary sentiment, I believe, is very prevalent,\nbut the emigrants who carried out the names were ignorant or indifferent as\nto the true orthography or pronunciation, and in time the departure grows\nmore wide. Instances of this may be also found in the small towns of\nEngland, where MR. LOWER will find on the signs frequent deviations from\nthe usual spelling of the commonest as well as of the rarer names.\n\nC.\n\nIn glancing through Cole's MSS. in the British Museum, my eye rested on two\nparagraphs, which perhaps may be unknown to MR. LOWER. In Additional MSS.\nNo. 5805. p. iv., Cole says:\n\n    \"Before surnames were in use they were forced to distinguish one\n    another by the addition of _Fitz_ or _Son_, as John Fitz-John, or John\n    the son of John, or John Johnson, as now in use. This was in the first\n    Edward's time: nay, so late as the reign of Queen Elizabeth, in some\n    places in France they had no surnames, but only Christian names, as the\n    learned Monsieur Menage informs us: 'Il y a environ cent ans, \u00e0 ce que\n    dit M. Baluze, qu'\u00e0 Tulle on n'avait que des noms propres, et point de\n    surnoms.'--_Menagiana_, tom. i. p. 116. edit. 1729.\"\n\nAgain, in Cole's MSS., vol. xliii. p. 176., relating to a deed of the\nPriory of Spalding, Cole says:\n\n    \"One observes in this deed several particulars: first that the Priory\n    used a seal with an image of the Blessed Virgin, together with one of\n    their arms; if possibly they used one of the latter sort so early as\n    this John the Spaniard's time, in the reign, as I conceive, of King\n    Richard I., when arms for the chief gentry were hardly introduced.\n    Among the witnesses are two Simons, one distinguished by his\n    complexion, and called Simon Blondus, or the Fair; the other had no\n    name as yet to distinguish him by, and therefore only called here\n    'another Simon.' This occasioned the introduction of sirnames, and\n    shows the necessity of them.\"\n\nJ. Y.\n\nHoxton.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSIR JOHN TRENCHARD.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 496.)\n\nYour Querist E. S. TAYLOR will find an interesting account of the manner in\nwhich a pardon was obtained for John Trenchard, afterwards secretary of\nstate under William III., in MR. HEPWORTH DIXON'S work on William Penn. MR.\nTAYLOR is evidently wrong in supposing that the pardon, of which he\nfurnishes a copy, was issued in 1688, and at the very critical period to\nwhich he refers it. It was issued in 1686, that being the third year,\nreckoning by the old style, of King James's reign; so that his quotation\nfrom Pepys, and his suggestion of a reason for the pardon, are beside the\npurpose. It appears from MR. DIXON'S account, that William Penn was the\nmediator between Trenchard and the king; but the circumstances which led to\nit were so curious, that I transcribe part of the statement from page 276\nof the new edition.\n\n    \"Lawton, a young man of parts and spirit, had attracted Penn's notice;\n    in politics he was a state whig, and it was at his instance that he had\n    braved the king's frown by asking a pardon for Aaron Smith. One day\n    over their wine at Popples, where Penn had carried Lawton to dine, he\n    said to his host, 'I have brought you such a man as you never saw\n    before; for I have just now asked him how I might do something for\n    himself, and he has desired me to obtain a pardon for another man! I\n    will do that if I can; but,' he added, turning to Lawton, 'I should be\n    glad if thou wilt think of some kindness for thyself.' 'Ah,' said\n    Lawton, after a moment's thought, 'I can tell you how you might indeed\n    prolong my life.' 'How so?' returned the mediator, I am no physician.'\n    Lawton answered, 'There is Jack Trenchard in exile; if you could get\n    leave for him to come home with safety and honour, the drinking of a\n    bottle now and then with Jack would make me so cheerful that it would\n    prolong my life.' They laughed at the pleasantry, and Penn promised to\n    do what he could. He went away to the Lord Chancellor, got him to join\n    in the solicitation, and in a few days the future secretary was\n    pardoned and allowed to return to England.\"\n\nIt appears also frown MR. DIXON'S narrative, that Trenchard was employed by\nPenn to dissuade James from his bigoted and violent course, and that he had\ninterviews with the king for this purpose. MR. TAYLOR will find in the same\nplace curious particulars, given on the authority of Lawton himself,\nconcerning the intrigues which preceded the fall of James.\n\nSYDNEY WALTON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPAPAL SEAL.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 508.)\n\nI have in my possession a _leaden_ seal, which has on the one side a\nprecisely similar impression to that described by H. F. H. in p. 508. of\n\"N. & Q.:\" viz. two heads, with a cross between them, and the letters \"S P\nA   S P E\" over them. The head under \"S P A\" has straight hair and a long\npointed beard. The other head, under \"S P E,\" has curled hair and a short\ncurled beard, the whole surrounded with a circle of raised spots. On the\nother side of the seal is the following inscription, also surrounded by a\ncircle of raised spots:\n\n       +\n  \u00b7 E V G E N\n  I V S . P.P\n  \u00b7 I I I I \u00b7\n\nIt was attached by a strong cord that runs through the substance of the\nseal to a parchment {594} document that, some thirty years since, I found\nbeing cut into strips for labels for a gardener. The few fragments I was\nenabled to preserve showed that the document related to some conventual\nmatter, from the repetition of the words \"Abbati, Conventii, et\nMonasterii.\" One of the lines commences with an illuminated capital of\nabout half an inch in height, as follows:\n\n    \"Militanti ecdie licet immeriti disponente domino presidente\"....\n\nAnother line commences--\n\n    \"Persone tam religiose qua seculares necnon duces Marchione\"....\n\nOn one of the fragments, apparently an endorsement on the back of the\ndocument, are the names \"Anselmus,\" and beneath it \"Bonanmy\" or \"Bouanmy.\"\nThere are unfortunately no traces of the name of any place, or of a date.\nThe writing is very clear and in good condition. Is the document a papal\nbull? I shall be obliged by any reply to my inquiries.\n\nR. H.\n\nKensington.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMARKET CROSSES.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 511.)\n\nIt is stated in Gillingwater's _History of Bury St. Edmunds_, edition 1804,\nthat \"The theatre, an elegant structure, originally the _Old Market Cross_,\nwas erected in the year 1780, from a design by Mr. Adams.\"\n\nIn Alexander Downing's _Plan of the ancient Borough of Bury St. Edmunds_,\npublished in 1740, there is a very good view of the old _Cross_. It appears\nfrom this print to have been a fine old building; the lower part open. It\nis possible that there might have been a chapel in the upper part of the\ncross, as it appears in the print on Downing's map to have been three\nstories high, with a bell turret or tower.\n\nDowning's _Plan_ is not scarce: it is one large sheet, and is engraved by\nW. C. Toms, sculpt.\n\nIn Thomas Warren's _Plan of Bury_, subsequently published, there is a view\nof the _New_ Cross, with the theatre above it, as built in 1780.\n\nJ. B.\n\nSince I sent you a hasty Note respecting the Old Market Cross at Bury St.\nEdmunds, with reference to your correspondent's Query, I bethought me of\nthe old market cross which formerly stood in the Great Market Place at\nNorwich. Blomefield, in his _History of Norfolk_, vol. ii. p. 652., gives\nan account of that ancient cross, which is too long to quote but he states\nthat \"it was a neat _octagonal_ building, with steps round it, and an\n_oratory or chapel in it_, with a chamber over it.\"\n\nNow possibly there might have been such a \"chapel\" in the old cross at\nBury, wherein \"Henry Gage was married in 1655;\" for I put faith in all that\nMr. Rookwood Gage said or wrote.\n\nThere is still standing, at Wymondham in Norfolk, an old wooden market\ncross, with a chamber over it, supported by wooden columns: it is an\noctagon building. Blomefield makes no mention of it. An etching was\npublished of this cross, by -- Dixon, of Norwich, some few years back.\n\nJ. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_The two Gilberts de Clare_ (Vol. v., p. 439.).--In reference to No. 2. of\n\"Irish Queries\", as to the relationship which existed between the two\nGilberts de Clare, Earls of Gloucester, I beg to send you the information\nrequired by your correspondent MAC AN BHAIRD.\n\n  Gilbertus Co. Gloucest. = Isabella, tertia natu filiarium\n    & Hertf.:             |   & coh\u00e6r. Will. Mareschalli\n    obiit 14 Henr. 3.     |   Co. Pembr.\n                          |\n      +-------------------+\n      |\n  Ricardus, Co. Gloucest. = Matilda, filia Joh. de Laci\n    & Hertf.:             |   Comit. Lincoln ux. 2.\n    obiit 46 Henr. 3.     |\n                          |\n      +-------------------+\n      |\n  Gilbertus, Comes        = Joanna de Acres, filia Regis\n    Glouc. & Hertf.       |   Ed. 1.\n    cogn. Rufus, ob.      |\n    24 Ed. 1.            /|\\\n\n  Dugdale's _Baronage_, i. 209.\n\nSee also Miller's _Catalogue of Honor_, pp. 369-373.; Vincent's _Errours of\nBrooke_, pp. 122, 123.; Yorke's _Union of Honour_, pp. 109, 110.\n\nFARNHAM.\n\nFarnham, Cavan.\n\n_Baxter's Shove, &c._ (Vol. v., p. 416.).--I fear it may savour somewhat of\npresumption in me to offer the following remarks to one who confesses\nhimself to be a collector of Baxter's works; but if they afford no\ninformation to your correspondent MR. CLARK, they may probably prove\nacceptable to other less sedulous inquirers after the writings of this\ntruly pious man.\n\nBaxter, in his enthusiastic zeal in the cause of religion, did not hesitate\nto append to some of his popular tracts, titles more calculated to excite\nthe curiosity of the vulgar than engage the attention of the refined\nreader; as the age became more enlightened, this breach of propriety was\ndiscontinued, and these records of genius and piety have been since\nreprinted under more appropriate appellations. If I am not misinformed, the\ntitle of Baxter's _Shove_ has undergone this transformation, and now\nappears under that of _The Call to the Unconverted_. {595}\n\nThe two following works are doubtless familiar to your correspondent, viz.:\n_Crumbs of Grace for &c._, and _Hooks and Eyes to &c._ I think the former\nis the original title to _The Saint's Rest_; but as to the latter, I am not\nable to say whether it has been issued under any new name or not.\n\nM. W. B.\n\n_Frebord_ (Vol. v., pp. 440. 548.).--In some, if not in all, of the manors\nin this vicinity in which this right exists, the quantity of ground claimed\nas _frebord_ is thirty feet in width from the set of the hedge.\n\nLEICESTRIENSIS.\n\n_Devil_ (Vol. v., p. 508.).--If [Greek: Diabolos] was used as an equivalent\nfor Adversarius, I should say that \"the rendering _would_ be accurate\" in\nno slight degree; especially when understood in the juridical sense. But\nthe \"adversarius in judicio\" is the character of the Hebrew Satan in Job,\nc. i. and ii., and Zechariah, c. iii.; and the same appears clearly in\nRevelations, c. 12:\n\n    \"The accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before\n    our God day and night.\"\n\nThe term [Greek: diabolos] adds, to that of [Greek: kat\u00eagoros], the idea of\nfalsehood and injustice, essential to the accuser of the Saints, but not\nexpressed in the latter word[4]. Why the word should mean \"a supernatural\nagent of evil,\" I cannot form the slightest idea. The name of a thing does\nnot express all which that thing is! _Physician_ does not mean a natural\nagent of good. As little can I understand how the correctness of a\nderivation can form \"a case of ecclesiastical usage.\"\n\nWith what words, manifestly and analogically Greek, but yet clearly derived\nin reality from the vague sources termed _Oriental_, nay even from Hebrew,\nare \"the Septuagint and Greek Testament replete?\" I say \"clearly,\" because\none paradoxical conjecture cannot obtain support from others.\n\nI am surprised that MR. LITTLEDALE should be struck by the \"similarity\" of\nthe gipsy word _Debel_, \"God,\" \"and our word devil,\" after himself\nadmitting that our word is _diabolos_, and confining his attack to that\n\"first link in the chain.\"\n\nI will add a very few words on the other point, though not relevant. What\nis holy at one time, becomes the direct contrary in subsequent times and\ncircumstances. Homer's Minerva ascended to heaven [Greek: meta daimonas\nallous], among the other d\u00e6mons. But that word in modern Europe means a\ndevil of hell. _Deva_ and _Devi_ are (I believe) god and goddess in\nSanskrit. _Div_, in Persian (MR. L. says), is a wizard or d\u00e6mon. I have no\n_Zend Avesta_ at hand: but we require to know whether _Div_ had a decidedly\nevil and Ahrimanian sense, in the language of the dualistic Pagan ages; or\nonly in Ferdoosi and the like. If _afriti_ is \"blessed\" in Zend, and \"a\ndevil\" in Arabic, I again ask whether the allusion be to the literary\nremains of Arabic polytheism, or to Islam? I suspect the latter; and so, it\nwould come to nothing.\n\nA. N.\n\n[Footnote 4: \"word\" corected from \"work\"--Transcriber.]\n\nI think MR. LITTLEDALE'S difficulty about the same Hebrew word's\nrepresenting both [Greek: Diabolos] and _Adversarius_ is, on the contrary,\nrather a confirmation of the old derivation. Had he forgotten that \"the\nAdversary\" is often technically used for the _Devil_? Surely there can be\nno more doubt that _Devil_ comes from _Diavolo_, and that from [Greek:\nDiabolos], than that _journal_ comes from _giorno_, and that from\n_diurnus_.\n\nC.\n\n_Mummy Wheat_ (Vol. v., p. 538.).--Having a few grains of mummy wheat in my\npossession, I send you the following information concerning it, with a\nportion thereof as sample. About three years ago, when in New York, I\npurchased, at a sale of the Hon. Judge Furman's effects, a small parcel\nwhich was stated in his own writing to be \"Egyptian wheat such as is\nmentioned in Scripture, and taken out of a mummy case.\"\n\nI planted a few of the grains in a flower-pot, and they came up in an\napparently very healthy and flourishing manner, with an appearance similar\nto that represented in Scriptural illustrations as Egyptian corn. But after\nattaining a height of about two inches, I noticed that it began to grow\nsickly, and in a short time afterwards died away. Upon examining the mould\nI found some of the grains still there; but they looked as though some very\nminute insect had eaten away the entire heart, leaving the shell only. It\nseemed to me that such insect must have been within, and not entered the\ngrain from without.\n\nLately I have again tried in my garden a few of the grains I had reserved\nfrom the original stock. These, however, have not come up at all; and I\nfind, on uprooting them, that the same sort of decay had taken place as\noccurred in New York. I am not able to forward you any of the husks, for\nthey are now rotted: but I thought that some of your readers and your last\ncorrespondent might feel interested in knowing other attempts had also been\nmade to rear mummy wheat.\n\nS.\n\nMeadow Cottage, Ealing.\n\n    [We have placed the grains forwarded by our Correspondent in the hands\n    of a skilful horticulturist; and will publish the result.--ED.]\n\n_Nacar_ (Vol. v., p. 536.).--This word is not, I believe, a name\nappropriated to any one particular shell, but is the term used for the\npearl-like substance which, in greater or smaller quantities, forms the\nlining of many shells. This substance, frequently called mother-of-pearl,\nexhibits in some species a beautiful play of colours, said to be due to a\nparticular arrangement of the particles. The words _naker_ and\n_nacreous_--with _nacar_ Spanish, _nacchera_ Italian, and _nacre_\nFrench--are given {596} in Webster's _Dictionary_, 2 vols. 4to., London\n1832. The beard, or byssus, found in a few genera only, as _Avicula_,\n_Mytilus_, _Pinna_, and some others, is strong and silky, formed of\nnumerous fibres produced from a gland near the foot of the soft animal, and\nemployed by it to form an attachment to rocks or other objects. In Sicily\nthis is sometimes made into gloves or stockings, more for curiosity than\nuse. A byssus now before me measures six inches in length, is delicately\nsoft and glossy, varying in colour from a rich dark brown to golden yellow,\nand is nearly as fine as the production of the silk-worm. _Byssine_ is an\nold name for fine silk.\n\nWM. YARRELL.\n\n_Mistletoe_ (Vol. v., p. 534.).--Mr. Jesse, in his agreeable and\ninstructive _Scenes and Tales of Country Life_, has devoted a chapter of\neight pages to the mistletoe, giving a list of more than forty different\nspecies of trees and shrubs upon which this parasitic plant has been found,\nwith many localities. In this list the white, gray, black, and Lombardy\npoplars are included. The mistletoe is there stated to have been found\ngrowing on the oak near Godalming, Surrey; at Penporthleuny, parish of\nGoitre, Monmouthshire; also on one near Usk, and another at St. Dials near\nMonmouth.\n\nWM. YARRELL.\n\n_The Number Seven_ (Vol. v., p. 532.).--The reply to the Query of MR.\nEDWARDS is, that _sheva_, \"seven,\" is used indefinitely for _much_ or\n_frequently_ in Ruth iv. 15., 1 Sam. ii. 5., Is. iv. 1., Jer. xv. 9., and\nEzech. xxxix. 9. 12.; also in Prov. xxiv. 16., where, however, it may refer\nto seven witnesses or pledges, as in Gen. xxi. 28-30. Compare Herodotus, l.\n3. c. 8. on the seven stones of the Arabs, with Homer's _Iliad_, l. 19. v.\n243. on the seven tripods of Agamemnon. In Arabic and Hebrew the word\n_seva_ means finished, completed, satiated, as in Ezech. xvi. 28, 29. and\nHos. iv. 10. Seven, as an astronomical period, is known to most nations,\nand has been from times prior to history. Clemens Alex. (_Stromat._ lib.\nvi. p. 685., Paris, 1629) says the moon's phases are changed every seven\ndays. Seleucus, the mathematician, he also says distinguished seven phases\nof that luminary. He notices the seven planets, seven angels, seven stars\nin the Pleiades and in the Great Bear, seven tones in music, seventh days\nin diseases, and gives an elegant elegy of Solon on the changes of every\nseven years in man's life. Clemens (lib. v. p. 600., Paris, 1629) has\naccumulated a variety of passages from ancient poets on the sacredness of\nthe seventh day. Cicero, in the _Somnium Scipionis_, speaks of seven as\n\"numerus rerum fere omnium nodus est.\" The following have treated on this\nmystic number: _Fabii Paulini Hebdomades, sive septem de septenario libri_;\nOmeisius _de Numero septenario_; Philo, _de Mundi opificio_; Macrobius, in\n_Somnio Scipionis_, l. 50. c. 6.; Gellius, _Noct. Attic._ l. 3. 10.;\nCensorinus _de die Natali_, c. 7.; and Eusebius, _de Praep. Evang._ l. 13.\nc. 12. The Hebrews commemorated their seventh day, a seventh week\n(Pentecost), the seventh month (commencing their _civil_ year), the seventh\nyear (for fallowing the land), and the seven times seventh year, or\njubilee.\n\nT. J. BUCKTON.\n\nBristol Road, Birmingham.\n\n_Gabriel Hounds_ (Vol. v., p. 534.).--The term occurs in Mr. Halliwell's\n_Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, &c._, vol. i. p. 388., with\nthe following, explanation:--\n\n    \"At Wednesbury, in Staffordshire, the colliers going to their pits\n    early in the morning hear the noise of a pack of hounds in the air, to\n    which they give the name of _Gabriel's Hounds_, though the more sober\n    and judicious take them only to be wild geese making this noise in\n    their flight.--Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.\"\n\nThe species here alluded to is the Bean Goose _Anser segetum_, of authors.\nA few of them breed in Scotland and its islands, but by far the larger\nportion breed still farther north, in Scandinavia. Of the various birds\nwhich resort to this country to pass the winter season the Bean Goose is\none of the first. I have seen very large flocks in Norfolk early in\nSeptember, where they feed on the stubbles. I have good authority for their\nappearance in Gloucestershire, in the vicinity of the Severn, by the last\nweek in August. This is in accordance with the habits of this goose in some\nparts of the Continent; Sonnerat and M. de Selis Longchamps calling it\n_L'oie des moissons_, or Harvest Goose. They are frequently very noisy when\non the wing during the night, and the sound has been compared to that of a\npack of hounds in full cry.\n\nWM. YARRELL.\n\n_Burial_ (Vol. v., p. 509.).--To the names already given of those interred\nin ground not consecrated, may be added that of the eccentric Samuel\nJohnson, formerly a dancing-master, but through his talent, wit, and\ngentlemanly manners, became the guest and table companion of the principal\nfamilies of Cheshire.\n\nHe is not mentioned in Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._, and but very meagrely in\nthat of Rose. The best notice of him is in the _Biographia Dram._, ed.\n1812, as the author of _Hurlothrumbo: or the Supernatural_, and five other\ndramatic pieces, the first of which took an amazing run, owing to the\nwhimsical madness and extravagance which pervade through the whole piece.\nBesides these, he is the writer of another strange mystical work, which, as\nI do not find it anywhere mentioned, I will give the title of, from my copy\nnow before me:\n\n    \"A Vision of Heaven, which is introduc'd with Essays upon Happiness, a\n    Description of the Court, the Characters of the Quality: Politics,\n    Manners, Satyr, Wit, Humour, Pastoral, Sublimity, Extasy, {597} Love,\n    Fire, Fancy and Taste Universal. Written by Mr. Samuel Johnson. Lond.,\n    for E. Withers, &c., where may be had Hurlothrumbo, 1738.\" 8vo., two\n    neat engravings, and six pages of music.\n\nThe compilers of the _Biog. Dram._ state that they had not discovered the\ndate of his death; but we learn from Hanshall's _Hist. of the County\nPalatine of Chester_: 1817, 4to. p. 515., that he died in 1773, aged\neighty-two, and was buried in the plantation forming part of the\npleasure-grounds of the Old Hall at Gawsworth, near Macclesfield, in\nCheshire. Over his remains is a stone (now there) with an inscription,\nstating that he was so buried at his own desire.\n\nF. R. A.\n\n_Marvell's Life and Works_ (Vol. v., pp. 439. 513.).--I thought the\nquestion proposed by J. G. F. had been answered to the satisfaction of all\nunprejudiced minds by the remarks on this subject published long ago. (See\n_Gentleman's Magazine_, vols. xlvi. & xlvii.; _Retrospective Review_, vol.\nxi., &c.) I say all _unprejudiced_ minds; for I confess that, although I am\nstrongly prejudiced in favour of Marvell, yet the internal evidence of the\npoems in question is so strongly against Marvell, that I am compelled to\nresign them to their rightful owner. Any careful reader of poetry must\nacknowledge that every feature in the style is Addison's. Captain\nThompson's having found them in MSS. in Marvell's own hand, is no proof of\nparentage, as in the same MSS. is one which undoubtedly belongs to Mallet,\nand another which has been proved to be from the pen of Dr. Watts.\n\nMy chief reason, however, for intruding on your space is for the purpose of\ncorrecting a mistake into which all the biographers of Marvell have fallen,\nas to the time and place of his birth. It is again and again stated,\nwithout any correction, that he was born at Hull, on the 15th November,\n1620. That he was not born at Hull I am at length reluctantly compelled to\nbelieve; and that the date of his birth is \"March 2, 1621,\" I can prove\nfrom authorised documents in my own possession, copied from MS. in his\nfather's hand-writing.\n\nWith reference to MR. CROSSLEY'S hope that a new edition of his works might\nsoon be published, I may say that a new biography of Marvell, with a\nselection from his works by a townsman, is already in the press.\n\nJOS. A. KIDD.\n\nHull.\n\n_The Death-Watch_ (Vol. v., p. 537.).--A good account of this small insect\nwill be found in the second volume of the _Introduction to Entomology_ by\nMessrs. Kirby and Spence. A chapter is devoted to the \"Noises produced by\nInsects.\"\n\n    \"In old houses, where these insects abound, they may be heard in warm\n    weather during the whole day. The noise is produced by raising the\n    head, and striking the hard mandibles against wood.\n\n    \"Thus sings the muse of the witty Dean of St. Patrick on the subject:\n\n              --------------------'a wood worm[5]\n      That lies in the old wood, like a hare in her form:\n      With teeth or with claws it will bite or will scratch,\n      And chambermaids christen this worm a death-watch:\n      Because like a watch it always cries click;\n      Then woe be to those in the house who are sick!\n      For, sure as a gun, they will give up the ghost,\n      If the maggot cries click, when it scratches the post;\n      But a kettle of scalding hot water injected,\n      Infallibly cures the timber affected:\n      The omen thus broken, the danger is over,\n      The maggot will die, and the sick will recover.'\"\n\nThe kettle of scalding hot water is also very useful in houses infested\nwith ants or black-beetles.\n\nWM. YARRELL.\n\n[Footnote 5: A small beetle, the _Anobium tesselatum_ of Fabricius.]\n\nThe Query of M. W. B. reminds me of a family bereavement that followed the\nvisit of this insect to my father's homestead. The ticking was heard in a\ncloset, which opened out of the drawing-room. I first discovered it; and\nwas struck with the fact that it occasionally altered the interval which\nformed the standard of the beats, though with one standard the beats\nremained punctually uniform. On examination, I found a very tiny insect, in\nshape like an elongated spider, whose \"hind leg\" kept beat with the sound;\nso I suppose that member to have been the instrument by which the ticking\nwas effected. The family bereavement that ensued was the total extinction\nof the last dying embers of our faith in this world-famed omen; for\nunhappily, in this instance, no death ensued in our domestic circle.\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_The Rabbit as a Symbol_ (Vol. v., p. 487.).--It will be remembered that\nRichard of the Lion Heart, on his way to the Holy Land, proceeded to\nSicily, where he played all manner of rough fantastic tricks, to the\ninfinite disgust of the king and people of the island. On pretence of\ncertain assumed claims, but the rather _pour passer le temps_, our Achilles\nand his myrmidons fixed a quarrel upon the reigning sovereign, Tancred the\nBastard, whose immediate predecessor, William the Good, had married\nJoanna[6], Richard's sister; took forcible possession of an important\nfortress; turned the monks out of a monastery whose situation was\nconvenient for the purposes of his commissariat; and at last, by an act of\nmost unjustifiable aggression, laid siege to the city and castle of\nMessina, {598} on whose walls was soon triumphantly planted the royal\nbanner of the Plantagenets. Now the hare and rabbit frequently occur upon\nthe coins of Spain and Sicily, of which countries they were, indeed, the\nparticular and well-recognised symbols. (Fosb. _Ency. Antiq._, pp. 722.\n728.); and I would suggest that the device in question has reference to\nRichard's proceedings in the latter kingdom, which, in an age whose\nacknowledged principle was that \"Might makes Right,\" would be looked upon\nas redounding vastly to his credit and renown, and most worthy, therefore,\nof commemoration amongst the other emblematic representations which give so\nremarkable a character to the monumental effigies at Rouen. Regarding it in\nthis point of view, there appears to be much inventive significancy in this\ndevice, and the exercise of a little ingenuity would soon, I think, render\nmanifest the peculiar applicability of its \"singular details\" to the\ncircumstances of Richard's transactions with Tancred, as they are presented\nto us by our own chroniclers.\n\nThe appearance of this symbol or device of a rabbit, upon old examples of\nplaying cards, as referred to by SYMBOL, is easily accounted for. These\n\"devil's books\" came to us originally from Spain; and in ancient cards of\nthat country, columbines were Spades, _rabbits_[7] Clubs, pinks Diamonds,\nand roses Hearts.--Fosb. _ut sup._, p. 602.\n\nCOWGILL.\n\n[Footnote 6: This lady afterwards married Raymond, Count de St. Gilles, son\nof the Count of Toulouse. Eleanora, another of Richard's sisters, married\nAlphonso, third king of Castile.]\n\n[Footnote 7: The Clubs, in Spanish cards, are not, as with us, trefoils,\nbut cudgels, i. e. _bastos_: the Spades are swords, i. e. _espadas_.--Fosb.\n_ut sup._; see the plate of \"Sports, Amusements,\" &c.]\n\n_Spanish Vessels wrecked on the Irish Coast_ (Vol. v., p. 491.).--A fair\naccount of this eventful visitation may be expected from the _Annals of the\nFour Masters_, a work compiled within forty years of the occurrence, and\nnot near so many miles removed from the waters over which most of its\nfatalities were felt:\n\n    \"A large fleet (says this work) consisting of eight sure ships, came on\n    the sea from the King of Spain this year (1588), and some say it was\n    their intention to take harbour and land on the coasts of England\n    should they obtain an opportunity; but in that they did not succeed,\n    for the Queen's fleet encountered them at sea, and took four of their\n    ships, and the rest of the fleet was scattered and dispersed along the\n    coasts of the neighbouring countries, viz., on the eastern side of\n    England, on the north-eastern shores of Scotland, and on the\n    north-western coast of Ireland. A great number of the Spaniards were\n    drowned in those quarters, their ships having been completely wrecked;\n    and the smaller proportion of them returned to Spain, and some assert\n    that 9,000 of them were lost on that occasion.\"\n\nThis narrative is utterly innocent of the wholesale, or of any _execution_\nof the unfortunate invaders; and, in truth, our Lord Deputies have too much\nto answer for, without throwing the barbarism of such a massacre upon one\nof them. Some colouring is, however, given to the charge by the writings of\nSmith, _History of Kerry_; Cox, _Hibernia Anglicana_; and even Leland,\n_History of Ireland_, vol. ii. p. 322. The deviation of these Spaniards\nnorthwards can be, I think, accounted for by the discomfitures they\nsustained from the English and Dutch fleets, who so kept the seas east and\nsouth of England, as to make a circuit round the Orkney Islands, with a\ndescent to the westward of Ireland, the most advisable, though as it\nproved, not the less dangerous line of return.\n\nJOHN D'ALTON.\n\n48. Summer Hill, Dublin.\n\n_Second Exhumation of King Arthur's Remains_ (Vol. v., p. 490.).--The\ndetails of the circumstances attending the first (I am not aware of any\nsecond) exhumation of these remains at Glastonbury in 1189, have been\ntransmitted to us by Giraldus Cambrensis, who saw both the bones and the\ninscription, by the Monk of Glastonbury, and, briefly, by William of\nMalmesbury, all cotemporaries with the event. Sharon Turner, in his\n_History of the Anglo-Saxons_, 8vo. edit., 1823, vol. i. pp. 279-282.,\ngives a full account, from these and other authorities, of this remarkable\ndiscovery.\n\nCOWGILL.\n\n_Etymology of Mushroom_ (Vol. iii., p. 166.).--DR. RIMBAULT states that the\nearliest example with which he is acquainted of this word, being spelt\n_mushrump_, occurs in the following passage in Robert Southwell's\n_Spirituall Poems_, 1595:\n\n \"He that high growth on cedars did bestow,\n  Gave also lowly _mushrumps_ leave to growe.\"\n\nI suppose that this word has been derived from _Maesrhin_, one of the names\nof the mushroom in Welsh. As the meanings of the word _rhin_ are \"a\nchannel,\" \"a virtue,\" \"a secret,\" \"a charm,\" none of which are applicable\nto a mushroom, I conjecture that it is a corruption of the word _rhum_\n(also spelt _rhump_), but I am unable to mention an instance of the word\nbeing spelt by any Welsh writer of ancient times. The etymology which I\nsuggest is _maesrhum_; from _maes_, \"a field,\" and _rhum_, \"a thing which\nbulges out.\" This meaning very nearly resembles that of the French name of\none kind of mushroom, _champignon_.\n\nS. S. S. (2.)\n\n_The Grave of Cromwell_ (Vol. v., p. 477.).--MR. OLIVER PEMBERTON has\nreferred your correspondent A. B. to Lockinge's _Naseby_ for an account of\nthe Protector's funeral and probable burial on the field of Naseby. As the\nvolume may not be very generally known, would A. B. like a summary of Mr.\nLockinge's ten 12mo. pages? or could you, Mr. Editor, spare room for the\nwhole? Mastin, in his _History of Naseby_, alludes to the doubts that have\nbeen expressed {599} \"relative to the funeral-place of the Protector\nCromwell\", and quotes a passage from Banks's _Life of Cromwell_, but gives\nno opinion thereon.\n\nESTE.\n\n_Edmund Bohun_ (Vol. v., p. 539.).--Of Edmund Bohun's _Historical\nCollections_, in eight vols. folio, I became the purchaser at Mr. Bright's\nsale. They consist of a most curious and interesting collection of the\nnewspapers, ballads, tracts, broadsides of the period (1675-92) in regular\nseries, bound up with original MS. documents, and with a manuscript\ncorrespondence with Bohun from Hickes, Roger, Coke, Charlotte, and others,\nrelating to the politics and news of the day. If your correspondent MR.\nRIX, from whom I am glad to find we are to expect the private Diary of\nBohun, wishes for a more particular description of the volumes, I shall be\nhappy to furnish it.\n\nJAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n_Sneezing_ (Vol. v., pp. 369. 500.).--D'Israeli, in the first series of the\n_Curiosities_, in a paper on the custom of saluting persons after sneezing,\nsays:\n\n    \"A memoir of the French Academy notices the practice in the New World,\n    on the first discovery of America.\"\n\nA relation of mine tells me, that when young, he once fell down in a fit\nafter a violent sneeze; the \"Cryst helpe\" may therefore not be totally\nsuperfluous!\n\nA. A. D.\n\n_Braem's Memoires_ (Vol. v., pp. 126. 543.).--Permit me to inform MR. J. F.\nL. COENEN that the MS. volume containing Braem's _Memoires Touchant le\nCommerce, &c._, is at Oxford, in the library of Sir Robert Taylor's\nInstitution, where it may be seen and consulted, but cannot be disposed of.\nMR. COENEN is thanked for his obliging information.\n\nJ. M.\n\n_Portrait of Mesmer_ (Vol. v., p. 418.).--I beg to inform SIGMA there is a\nvery good engraved profile (bust) of Mesmer in a German work by him,\nentitled _Mesmerismus, oder System der Wechselwirkungen, &c._, published at\nBerlin in 1814, in 1 vol. 8vo., a copy of which is now before me.\n\nJ. M.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nSCOTT'S LADY OF THE LAKE.\n\n---- LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL.\n\n---- MARMION.\n\n    The original 4to. editions in boards.\n\nFLANAGAN ON THE ROUND TOWERS OF IRELAND. 4to. 1843.\n\nA NARRATIVE OF THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE DOUGLAS CAUSE. London, Griffin, 8vo.\n1767.\n\nCLARE'S POEMS. Fcap. 8vo. Last edition.\n\nMALLET'S ELVIRA.\n\nMAGNA CHARTA; a Sermon at the Funeral of Lady Farewell, by George Newton.\nLondon, 1661.\n\nBOOTHBY'S SORROWS SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF PENELOPE. Cadell and Davies.\n1796.\n\nCHAUCER'S POEMS. Vol. I. Aldine Edition.\n\nBIBLIA SACRA, Vulg. Edit. cum Commentar. Menochii. Alost and Ghent, 1826.\nVol. I.\n\nBARANTE, DUCS DE BOURGOGNE. Vols. I. and II. 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Edit. Paris.\nLadvocat, 1825.\n\nBIOGRAPHIA AMERICANA, by a Gentleman of Philadelphia.\n\nPOTGIESERI DE CONDITIONE SERVORUM APUD GERMANOS. 8vo. Col. Agrip.\n\n\n\nTHE COMEDIES OF SHADWELL may be had on application to the Publisher of \"N.\n& Q.\"\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nMARIA S. _will find Ben. Jonson's \"Verses on the Marriage of the Earl of\nSomerset\" in No. 122., p. 193. of the present Volume_.\n\nW. M. H. _The song quoted by Mr. Bernal Osborne, which begins_,\n\n \"Who fears to speak of ninety-eight,\"\n\n_is reprinted in a volume of poetry extracted from the_ Nation _newspaper,\nand printed in Dublin under the title of \"The Spirit of the Nation.\"_\n\nEIRIONACH'_s Note on the Fern will be welcome_.\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE. _How can we forward a letter to this Correspondent?_\n\nW. M. H. _The author of the work on the Apocalypse, to which our\nCorrespondent refers, has no present intention of completing it, for\nreasons which our Correspondent would, we are sure, respect._\n\n_We are this week compelled by want of space to omit many articles of great\ninterest--among which we may mention some Shakspearian Illustrations by Mr.\nSinger and_ A. E. B.; _Mr. Sternberg's Popular Stories of the English\nPeasantry; Rev. R. Hooper's Account of a Copy of \u00c6schylus, &c.; and for the\nsame reason have omitted our usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS _and_ LIST OF REPLIES\nRECEIVED.\n\n_Full price will be given for clean copies of_ No. 19. _upon application to\nour Publisher_.\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMOURNING.--COURT, FAMILY, and COMPLIMENTARY.--The Proprietor of THE LONDON\nGENERAL MOURNING WAREHOUSE begs respectfully to remind families whose\nbereavements compel them to adopt Mourning Attire, that every article of\nthe very best description, requisite for a complete outfit of Mourning, may\nbe had at this Establishment at a moment's notice.\n\nESTIMATES FOR SERVANTS' MOURNING, affording a great saving to families, are\nfurnished: whilst the habitual attendance of experienced assistants\n(including dressmakers and milliners), enables them to suggest or supply\nevery necessary for the occasion, and suited to any grade or condition of\nthe community. 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By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNIEBUHR'S NEW WORK.\n\nThis day, 3 vols. 8vo., cloth, 1l. 11s. 6d.,\n\nNIEBUHR'S ANCIENT HISTORY; comprising Lectures on the History of the\nAsiatic Nations, the Egyptians, Greeks, Carthaginians, and Macedonians.\nTranslated from the German by Dr. L. SCHMITZ. With Additions from MSS. in\nthe exclusive possession of the Editor.\n\nBy the same Editor,\n\nNIEBUHR'S LECTURES on ROMAN HISTORY. 3 vols. 8vo., 1l. 4s.\n\nLondon: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street, and 27. Ivy\nLane.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready, 1 vol. crown 8vo., with Plates and Map of the District, 3s. 6d.\n\nRICHMONDSHIRE, its Ancient Lords and Edifices; a Concise Guide to the\nLocalities of Interest to the Tourist and Antiquary; with Short Notices of\nMemorable Men. By W. HYLTON LONGSTAFFE, Author of the \"History of\nDarlington,\" &c.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; Richmond: JOHN BELL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE,\n\n50. REGENT STREET.\n\nCITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.\nEstablished 1806.\n\nPolicy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818l.\n\nAnnual Income, 150,000l.--Bonuses Declared, 743,000l.\nClaims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450l.\n\n_President._\nThe Right Honourable EARL GREY.\n\n_Directors._\nThe Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman._\nH. Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman._\n\n  Henry B. Alexander, Esq.\n  George Dacre, Esq.\n  William Judd, Esq.\n  Sir Richard D. King, Bart.\n  The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird\n  Thomas Maugham, Esq.\n  William Ostler, Esq.\n  Apsley Pellatt, Esq.\n  George Round, Esq.\n  Frederick Squire, Esq.\n  William Henry Stone, Esq.\n  Capt. William John Williams.\n\nJ. A. 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Upper Montague Street, Montague\nSquare.\n\nNINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.\n\nExamples of the Extinction of premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.\n\n  ------------------------------------------------------------\n           |          |                 | Bonuses added\n    Date   |   Sum    |                 | subsequently, to be\n     of    | Insured. |Original Premium.| further increased\n   Policy. |          |                 | annually.\n  ------------------------------------------------------------\n    1806   |  \u00a32500   |\u00a379 10 10 Exting.|    \u00a31222  2  8\n    1811   |   1000   | 33 19  2 Ditto  |      231 17  8\n    1818   |   1000   | 34 16 10 Ditto  |      114 18 10\n  ------------------------------------------------------------\n\nExamples of Bonuses added to other Policies.\n\n  -----------------------------------------------------------------\n          |       |          |           |  Total with Additions,\n   Policy | Date. |   Sum    |  Bonuses  |  to be further\n     No.  |       | Insured. |   added.  |  increased.\n  -----------------------------------------------------------------\n     521  |  1807 |   \u00a3900   | \u00a3982 12 1 |       \u00a31882 12 1\n    1174  |  1810 |   1200   | 1160  5 6 |        2360  5 6\n    3392  |  1820 |   5000   | 3558 17 8 |        8558 17 8\n  -----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nProspectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to the\nAgents of the Office, in all the principal towns of the United Kingdom, at\nthe City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXI. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming Number\nmust be forwarded to the Publisher by the 24th, and Bills for insertion by\nthe 26th instant.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY.\n\nOn Wednesday, June 30, will be published, in 16mo. price 1s.\n\nBRITTANY and the BIBLE: With Remarks on the French People and their\nAffairs. By I. HOPE.\n\nAlso, on the same day, in 16mo., price 1s.,\n\nTHE NATURAL HISTORY of CREATION. By T. LINDLEY KEMP, M.D., Author of\n\"Agricultural Physiology,\" &c.\n\n*** The above works will form the 23d and 24th Parts of THE TRAVELLER'S\nLIBRARY.\n\nJust published in this Series,\n\nMrs. JAMESON'S SKETCHES in CANADA and RAMBLES among the RED MEN, Price 2s.\n6d.; or in Two Parts, 1s. each.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, in 8vo., price 1s. 6d.\n\nRULES for the COMPOSITION of LATIN INSCRIPTIONS. Arranged by RICHARD\nWALKER, B.D., Fellow of Magdalene College, Oxford.\n\nWHITTAKER & CO., London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., OPERATIVE CHEMISTS, 289. STRAND,\nmanufacture all the PURE chemicals used in this art; also Apparatus for the\nGlass, Paper, and Daguerreotype Processes. Achromatic Lens and Camera from\n35s. Instruction in the art.\n\nAgents for \"Archer's Iodized Collodion and Improved Camera,\" which obviates\nthe necessity for a dark room.\n\nElectrotyping in all its branches.\n\nChemical Cabinets for experimental and analytical purposes. Apparatus for\ngold assaying, and instruction therein.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready, Part IV., price 2s. 6d., of the Rev. JOSEPH HUNTER'S CRITICAL\nAND HISTORICAL TRACTS.\n\nTHE GREAT HERO of the ANCIENT MINSTRELSY of ENGLAND, \"ROBIN HOOD,\" his\nPeriod, real Character, &c., investigated, and perhaps ascertained.\n\nContents of Part I. Agincourt. II. First Colonists of New England. III.\nJohn Milton. 2s. 6d. each.\n\nJ. RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n12mo., price 5s. cloth.\n\nTHE DIALECT AND FOLKLORE of NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. By T. STERNBERG.\n\nCONTENTS:--Dissertation on the Dialects of Northamptonshire--Glossary of\nthe Provincialisms, showing their Derivation from the Anglo-Saxon and\nDanish, and pointing out Affinities in the other English and Germanic\nDialects--The Fairy Creed and its Legends--Witchcraft, Charms;\nSuperstitions relating to Animals, Plants, Wells, and Fountains--Popular\nLegends of the Devil; Christmas and Easter Customs; Local Proverbs, &c. &c.\n\n    \"The Fairy Stories are told with an arch humour which charms the reader\n    exceedingly.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\n    \"The first work that has appeared on the subject, and Mr. Sternberg has\n    evinced in it a striking and peculiar aptitude for this branch of\n    inquiry.\"--_Northampton Mercury._\n\nJ. RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n    Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5.\n    New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London;\n    and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish\n    of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No.\n    186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 19. 1852.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 138, June 19, 1852: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":21960}