{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42780/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42780","id":"gutenberg_42780","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42780","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare listed at the end of the text.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{601}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nVol. V.--No. 139.]\nSATURDAY, JUNE 26. 1852\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                    Page\n\n  Popular Stories of the English Peasantry, No. V., by\n    T. Sternberg                                               601\n\n  Dr. Thomas Morell's Copy of H. Stephens' Edition of\n    \u00c6schylus, 1557, with MSS. Notes, by Richard Hooper         604\n\n  On a Passage in the \"Merchant of Venice,\" Act III. Sc. 2.,\n    by S. W. Singer                                            605\n\n  Episode of the French Revolution, by Philip S. King          605\n\n  Milton indebted to Tacitus, by Thomas H. Gill                606\n\n  Minor Notes:--Note by Warton on Aristotle's \"Poetics\"--\n    Misappropriated Quotation--The God Arciacon--Gat-tothed--\n    Goujere--The Ten Commandments in Ten Lines--Vellum-bound\n    Books                                                      606\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Thomas Gill, the Blind Man of St. Edmundsbury                608\n\n  Bronze Medals, by John J. A. Boase                           608\n\n  Acworth Queries                                              608\n\n  Minor Queries:--\"Row the boat, Norman\"--The Hereditary\n    Standard Bearer--Walton's Angler; Seth's Pillars;\n    May-butter; English Guzman--Radish Feast--What Kind of\n    Drink is Whit?--\"Felix natu,\" &c.--\"Gutta cavat\n    lapidem\"--Punch and Judy--Sir John Darnall--The Chevalier\n    St. George--Declaration of 2000 Clergymen--MS. \"De\n    Humilitate\"--MS. Work on Seals--Sir George Carew--Docking\n    Horses' Tails--St. Albans, William, Abbot of--Jeremy\n    Taylor on Friendship--Colonel or Major-General Lee--\n    \"Roses and all that's fair adorn\"                          609\n\n  MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Donne--Dr. Evans                    611\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Carling Sunday; Roman Funeral Pile                           611\n\n  Hart and Mohun                                               612\n\n  Burial without Religious Service--Burial, by Alfred Gatty    613\n\n  \"Quod non fecerunt Barbari,\" &c.                             614\n\n  Restive                                                      614\n\n  Men of Kent and Kentish Men, by George R. Corner             615\n\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--Speculum Christianorum, &c.--\n    Smyth's MSS. relating to Gloucestershire--M. Barri\u00e8re\n    and the Quarterly Review--\"I do not know what the truth\n    may be\"--Optical Phenomena--Stoup--Seventh Son of a\n    Seventh Son--The Number Seven--Commentators--Banning\n    or Bayning Family--Tortoiseshell Tom Cat--A Tombstone\n    cut by Baskerville--Shakspeare, Tennyson, &c.--Rhymes\n    on Places--Birthplace of Josephine--The Curse of\n    Scotland--Waller Family--\"After me the Deluge\"--Sun-Dial\n    Motto--Lines by Lord Palmerston--Indian Jugglers--Sons\n    of the Conqueror--Saint Wilfrid's Needle--Frebord--\n    Royd--Spy Wednesday--Book of Jasher--Stearne's\n    Confirmation and Discovery of Witchcraft--Lines on\n    Chaucer--Fairlop Oak--Boy Bishop at Eton--Plague Stones;\n    Mr. Mompesson--Raleigh's Ring--Pandecte, an entire Copy\n    of the Bible                                               616\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Notes on Books, &c.                                          622\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 622\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    623\n\n  Advertisements                                               623\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nPOPULAR STORIES OF THE ENGLISH PEASANTRY,\n\nNO. V.\n\nBy far the larger portion of our tales consist of those connected with the\npopular mythology of elves, and giants, and bleeding trees; of witches and\ntheir wicked doings; of frogs that _would_ go a-wooing, and got turned into\nprinces; and amorous princes who became frogs; of primitive rough chests\ntransformed into coaches; young ladies who go to bed young ladies, and get\nup owls; much despised younger sons crowned kings of boundless realms; and\nmedi\u00e6val tabbies getting inducted into flourishing vizierships by the mere\nloss of their tails: stories, in short, of the metamorphosis of all\nconceivable things into all conceivable shapes. Lest this catalogue should\nfrighten your readers, I at once disavow any intention of reflecting more\nthan a specimen. Their puerility renders them scarcely suitable to your\ncolumns, and there is moreover such a sameness in those best worth\npreserving--the fairy legends--that a single example would be amply\nsufficient for our purpose of pointing out the different varieties of oral\nromance. Whenever the story relates to the dealings of the fairy-folk with\nmankind, the elf is almost always represented as the dupe; while, in his\ntransactions with rival supernaturals, he invariably comes off victorious.\nGiants especially, being always of sleepy and obtuse intellect, afford a\nfine field for the display of his powers; and we find him baffling their\nclumsy plans, as well also as the more cunning devices of weird-sisters, in\na manner which proves him to be a worthy scion of the warlike _avenger_ of\nthe Sagar. The lovers of folk-lore will probably agree with me in regarding\nthe following tale as a choice bit of elfin history, illustrating the not\nvery amicable relations of the witches and the good people. No sneers,\ntherefore, gentle readers, but listen to the simple strain of \"Fairy Jip\nand Witch One-eye.\"\n\nOnce upon a time, just before the monkey tribe gave up the nauseous custom\nof chewing tobacco, there lived an old hag, who had conceived an inordinate\ndesire to eat an elf: a circumstance, by the way, which indubitably\nestablishes that elves were {602} of masticable solidity, and not, as some\none has it, mere\n\n \"_Shadowry_ dancers by the summer streams.\"\n\nSo the old lady went to the place where the fairies dwelt, and knocked at\nthe hill-top:--\"Pretty little Jip!\" said she; \"come and see the sack of\ncherries I have brought thee, _so_ large, _so_ red, _so_ sweet.\" Fairies,\nbe it known, are extremely fond of this fruit, and the elf rushed out in\neager haste. \"Ha! ha!\" said One-eye, as she pounced upon him, and put him\nin her bag (witches always carry bags), \"take care the stones don't stick\nin thy throttle, my little bird.\" On the way home, she has to visit a place\nsome distance from the road, and left Jip meanwhile in the charge of a man\nwho was cutting faggots. No sooner was her back turned, than Jip begged the\nman to let him out; and they filled the bag with thorns. One-eye called for\nher burden, and set off towards home, making sure she had her dinner safe\non her back. \"Ay, ay! my lad,\" said she, as she felt the pricking of the\nthorns; \"I'll trounce thee when I get home for stinging me with thy pins\nand needles.\" When she reached her house, she belaboured the bag with a\nhuge stick, till she thought she had broken every bone in the elf's body;\nand when she found that she had been wasting her strength upon a \"kit\" of\nthorns, her rage knew no bounds. Next day, she again got possession of Jip\nin a similar manner, and this time left him in care of a man who was\nbreaking stones by the road-side. The elf makes his escape as before, and\nthey fill the sack with stones. \"Thou little rogue!\" said the witch, as she\nperspired under the burden; \"I'll soften thy bones nigh-hand.\" Her appetite\nwas only whetted, not blunted, by these repeated failures, and despairing\nof again catching her prey in the same way as before, she assumed the shape\nof a pedlar with a churn on his shoulder, and contrived to meet Jip in a\nwood. \"Ah! Master Redcap,\" quoth she; \"look alive, my little man, the fox\nis after thee. See! here he comes: hie thee into my churn, and I will\nshelter thee. Quick! quick!\" In jumped the elf. \"Pretty bird!\" chuckled the\nold Crocodile; \"dost thee scent the fox?\" This time she went straight home,\nand gave Jip to her daughter, with strict orders that she should cut off\nhis noddle and boil it. When the time came for beginning the cooking, Miss\nOne-eye led her captive to the chopping-block, and bade him lay down his\nhead. \"How?\" quoth Jip; \"I don't know how.\" \"Like this, to be sure,\" said\nshe; and, suiting the action to the word, she put her poll in the right\nposition. Instantly the fairy seizes the hatchet, and serves her in the\nmanner she intended to serve him. Then picking up a huge pebble, he climbs\nup the chimney to watch the progress of events. As he expected, the witch\ncame to the fire to look after her delicacy; and no sooner does she lift up\nthe lid of the pot, than \"plop\" came down Jip's pebble right into the\ncentre of her remaining optic, the light of which is extinguished for ever;\nor, according to some versions, killed her _stone_-dead.[1]\n\nSome of the stories are so extremely like the German ones, that, with very\nslight alterations, they would serve as translations. These, for obvious\nreasons, it will not be worth while to trouble you with. Among them, I may\nparticularise the following from the _Kinder und Hausm\u00e4rchen_:--Hans im\nGluck: Der Frieder und das Catherlieschen; Von der Frau F\u00fcchsin; and Van\nden Nachandel-Boom.\n\nModern tales of diablerie are not so uncommon as might be expected. In the\ntime of Chaucer, the popular belief ascribed the departure of the elves to\nthe great number of wandering friars who mercilessly pursued them with\nbell, book, and candle; and at the present day, in the opinion of our\nuneducated peasantry, the itinerant sectarian preachers are endowed with\nsimilar attributes. The stories told of these men, and their encounters\nwith the powers of darkness, would fill a new Golden Legend. There is one\ntale in particular which comes within our designation of \"popular stories,\"\nas is well known in almost all parts of England,--How a godly minister\nfalls over the company of wicked scoffing elves, and how he gets out.[2]\nThe last time I heard it, it was related of a preacher of the Ranting\npersuasion, well known some dozen years ago in a certain district of\nWarwickshire; and I prefer to give it in this localised form, as it enables\nme to present your readers with \"Positively the last from Fairyland.\"\n\nProvidence B---- was a well-known man throughout that whole country-side.\nHe had made more converts than all his brethren put together, and, in the\nmatter of spirits and demons, would stand a comparison with Godred or\nGutlac, or, by'r Lady, St. Anthony himself. Now it fell out one day, that\nProvidence was sent for to the house of a wealthy yeoman to aid in\nexpelling an evil spirit which had long infested his daughter. I must here\nremark, _en parenth\u00e8se_, that scenes of this fearfully ludicrous nature are\nfar from unfrequent in our country districts. The besotted state of\nignorance in which a great portion of our rural population are still\nenwrapt, renders them peculiarly open to the fleecing of these fanatics,\nwho, marvellous to relate, are almost everywhere {603} looked upon with\nrespect, and treated with the greatest consideration, proving incontestably\nthat,\n\n   \"Mad as Christians used to be\n    About the seventeenth century,\n    There's others to be had\n  In this the nineteenth just as bad.\"\n\nOn this occasion the job proved a tough one, and it was not till a late\nhour that Prov. set off on his road home. It was a pitchy dark night, and\nsomehow or other the preacher and his nag contrived to lose their way among\nthe green lanes, and it was not till they had floundered about for some\ntime that our hero discerned (as is usual in such cases) a light gleaming\nthrough the thick foliage before him, which he incontinently discovers to\nproceed from a solitary dwelling in the middle of the woods. _Of course_ he\ndismounts, and knocks at the door; and _of course_ it was opened by a\nsuspicious-looking old woman in toggery which it would do Mr. James's heart\ngood to depict. To his request for a night's lodging, she yielded a ready\nassent--too ready, Prov. thought; for it seemed from her manner as though\nhe had been expected. He was shown into a bed-room, and was proceeding to\ndivest himself of his garments, when he hears a knock at the door, and a\nvoice asked him to come down to supper. Prov. made answer that he didn't\nwant any, that he was in bed, and that moreover he was engaged at his\ndevotions; but presently the messenger returned, and declared that if he\ndid not join the company downstairs, they would come and sup with him. Poor\nProv. quaked with fright, but thought it politic to cloak his fears, so\nfollowed the servant to the house-room, where there were a number of people\nsitting round a table plentifully laden with good things. All of them were\nlittle \"shrivelled up\" old men; and, as the chairman motioned Prov. to a\nvacant seat, they all regarded him with a stare that made him feel the\nreverse of jolly. Although he is well acquainted with the neighbourhood, he\nrecognises none of them. The meal proceeded in solemn silence: look which\nway he would, he encounters the gaze of his companions, who appear to scowl\nat him with an expression of fiendish hate. Dreadful surmises flit across\nhis brain. Suddenly his attention becomes directed to the posterior portion\nof the gentleman next him. \"By Jove! he has a tail. Yes, he has; and so has\nhis neighbour, and so have they all.\" He fancies too he can trace a\nresemblance between the individual who sits at the head of the table and\nthe fiend of the morning's exorcism. All is now clear as a pike-staff. It\nis a decided case of trepan. That dark fellow on the right has to complain\nof a forcible ejection from a comfortable dwelling in the portly corpus of\nMaster Muggins the miller; and he on the left is the identical demon who\ngot into Farmer Nelson's cow, and gave our hero a world of trouble to get\nhim out. He is in the power of the incubi, whom he has been so long warring\nagainst. Not a moment is to be lost, for already they are whispering\ntogether, and the scowls get fiercer and fiercer. What is to be done? A\nmonk would have had recourse to his breviary; Prov. thought of his\nhymn-book. \"Brethren,\" says he, \"it is usual wi' us at the heend of a feast\nto ax a blessing.\"\n\n\"A blessing quotha! and to _us_?\" roared the fiends. \"Ha! ha! Yea! yea!\"\nsaid Prov.; and _instanter_ he out with that _spirit-stirring_ stanza of\n\"immortal John:\"\n\n \"Jesus the name, high over all,\n  In hell, or earth, or sky,\n  Angels and men before Him fall,\n  And devils fear and fly!\"\n\nWho shall depict the scene while these words were being uttered? The old\nmen turn all sorts of colours, from green to blue, and blue to green, and\nback again to their original hue. At the last line, the uproar becomes\nterrible; and, amidst shouts of fiendish wailing, the whole company resolve\nthemselves into a thin blue smoke, in which state they career up the\nchimney, taking with them a bran new chimney-pot, and leaving behind a most\noffensive odour of lucifer matches. Prov. saw no more; he fainted.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSome scandalous fellows spread abroad a report that the morning's sun\ndiscovered our valiant vessel snugly ensconced in a dry ditch; but as he\nalways denounced strong waters, and was moreover a leading member of the\nSteeple \"United Totals,\" I, for one, do not believe it. From the examples\nalready given, I trust your readers will think with me that these old world\nrelics are worth preserving. I hope they will not be backward in the good\nwork. A few more years, and the scheme of an English work on the plan of\nGrimm's will be impracticable. The romance-lore, both oral and written,\nwhich erewhile delighted the cottager, is growing out of date. The prosy\nnarrative of \"How John the serving-man wedded an earl's daughter, and\nbecame a squire of high degree;\" and the less placid, but still intolerably\ndull feats of the \"Seven Champions,\" have no charms for him now. He has\noutgrown the old chap-book literature, and affectionates the highly\nseasoned atrocities of the Old Bailey school; which, to the disgrace of the\nlegislature, are allowed to poison the minds of our labouring community\nwith their weekly broad-sheets of crime and obscenity. Even those prime old\nfavourites, the _Robin Hood Garland_ and _Shepherd's Kalendar_, with its\nquaint letter-press and grim woodcuts, are getting out of fashion, and\nbeginning to be missed from their accustomed nook beside the family Bible.\n\nT. STERNBERG.\n\n{604}\n\nP.S. Owing to some unaccountable inadvertence, I have only just seen the\nnumber of \"N.& Q.\" containing the highly interesting communications of H.\nB. C. and MR. STEPHENS. Will MR. STEPHENS allow me to ask him where he\nprocured his tale, for I agree with H. B. C. that it is \"desirable to fix\nthe localities as nearly as possible.\" My version came from the\nGloucestershire side of the county.\n\n[Footnote 1: This story is from Northamptonshire, and by some oversight was\nomitted in my _Dialect and Folk-Lore_.]\n\n[Footnote 2: I use the term _elves_ advisedly; for though, of course, the\ncreed of _rantism_ does not recognise the existence of the mere poetic\nbeings, yet it absolutely inculcates belief in all sorts of _bona fide_\ncorporeal demons: which, like the club-footed gentry of the saintly\nhermits, are nothing more than Teutonic _elfen_ in ecclesiastical\nmasquerade.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDR. THOMAS MORELL'S COPY OF H. STEPHENS' EDIT. OF \u00c6SCHYLUS, 1557, WITH MSS.\nNOTES.\n\nAs your valuable paper is in the hands of scholars of every description in\nevery part of the world, the following communication may meet the eye, and\nbe of no slight interest to some of your classical readers, and, at the\nsame time, give a stimulus to hunters at bookstalls. Some time since, in\none of my hunts, I stumbled upon a very fine copy of Pet. Victorine's\n(Vettori) edition of \u00c6schylus, printed by H. Stephens, 1557. I was much\ngratified in finding it had belonged to the celebrated Thomas Morell, D.D.,\nF.R.S., F.S.A., the lexicographer, and had his book-plate and autograph.\nThe margins were filled with many conjectures and emendations written in\ntwo very ancient hands, and, besides, some MSS. Scholia on the _Prometheus_\nand _Poes\u00e6_. In carefully examining them I found many were marked with the\nletters (A) and (P). I remembered the present very learned Bishop of\nLondon, in the preface to his edition of the _Cho\u00e6phor\u00e6_, mentioned the\nvast assistance he had received in editing that play from a copy of this\nvery edition of \u00c6schylus (H. Stephens, 1557), lent to him by Mr. Mitford,\nthe margins of which were similarly marked. The bishop observes these\nemendations were by Auratus and Portus, two learned French scholars; and\nthat Mr. Mitford's volume contained several other emendations without the\nsignatures (A) and (P), which he, for distinction's sake, marked (Q). Now\nmy copy also possessed these readings marked (Q). The bishop further\nobserved, that the writer of the MSS. notes was a cotemporary of Casaubon's\nfrom a remark at p. 14. of the volume. The learned bishop's description of\nthe volume will be found in the _Museum Criticum_, vol. ii. p. 488. I at\nfirst imagined I had met with this identical volume; but a closer\nexamination proved I was mistaken, as my copy, besides all those carefully\nnoted by Dr. Blomfield, contained many other emendations, but had _not_ the\nnote at p. 14. of the _Prometheus_. Whoever was the copier or writer of the\nmarginal MSS. in my volume, was evidently a Frenchman, as some of the notes\nare in French. The handwriting is very ancient and contracted, and has the\nappearance of being of the early portion of the seventeenth century. The\nmost interesting part, however, of the story still remains. Dr. Thomas\nMorell edited the _Prometheus_, 4to., 1773. The title is as follows:\n_\u00c6schyli P. V. cum Stanl. Versione et Scholiis, [alpha], [beta], (et\n[gamma] ineditis), &c._ Now these Scholia [gamma], which he professes to\ngive for the first time, I found to be those in the very ancient hand in\nthe margin of my volume. He frequently also gives the various marginal\nreadings, and styles them \"Marg. MS.\" Moreover he occasionally adopts these\nnotes without any acknowledgment, especially where they throw any light on\nthe text. The volume then is of great curiosity and value. From a curious\nnote at the end of the _Prometheus_, Morell takes nine iambic lines, to\nwhich is affixed \"Ad Calcem Dramatis MS. Regii.\" From this it would seem\nthe Scholia were taken from a MS. in the Royal Library at Paris.\n\nWe may observe then as a remarkable circumstance, that while Bishop\nBlomfield was describing the copy belonging to Mr. Mitford, a similar copy,\nwith more notes, and of equal antiquity as to the MSS. emendations, was in\nexistence, and had once been in the possession of, and of much assistance\nto the great Dr. Morell. Where Morell got this volume, and how he should\nnot have acknowledged the aid he derived from it, is a mystery. As I\nmentioned before, the handwriting is far prior to Morell's day. The volume\nis rendered still more interesting by its having many of Stanley's\nemendations, about which such a controversy arose from the observations\nmade by Blomfield in his preface to the _Agamemnon_. And I am almost\ninduced to think it might originally have belonged to Stanley, who made a\nsimilar use of it to what Morell did. Many of the emendations are _still\ninedited_. This valuable volume, therefore, is of great interest, (1) from\nthe vast number of MSS. readings, and (2) from its having been formerly in\nthe possession of Dr. Morell, and the circumstances above mentioned. It is\na very large and clean copy of the now scarce edition of H. Stephens; and\nyour bibliographical readers will be astonished to hear I purchased it for\n_one shilling_! I may mention I showed it to the Bishop of London and Dr.\nWordsworth, Canon of Westminster, who were both interested with it. The\nlatter showed me in return several volumes of MSS. collections for a new\nedition of \u00c6schylus, made by his lamented brother the late Mr. John\nWordsworth, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, perhaps the profoundest\nGreek scholar next to Porson the University of Cambridge ever possessed,\nand who so ably reviewed Professor Scholefield's \u00c6schylus in the\n_Philological Museum_. The classical world can never sufficiently regret\nthat death prevented us from receiving at his hands a first-rate edition of\nthis noble poet, as he had been at much pains in travelling all over the\nContinent, and examining all the MSS. extant; and from his known partiality\nto the author, and {605} vast learning, would doubtless have done ample\njustice to his task.\n\nRICHARD HOOPER.\n\nSt. Stephen's, Westminster.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON A PASSAGE IN THE \"MERCHANT OF VENICE,\" ACT III. SC. 2.\n\nThe passage in which I am about to propose some verbal corrections has\nalready been in part examined by your correspondent A. E. B. in p. 483. of\nthis volume; but the points, except one, to which I advert, have not been\ntouched by that gentleman. The first folio reads thus:\n\n \"Thus ornament is but the _guiled_ shore\n  To a most dangerous sea, the beauteous scarfe\n  Vailing an Indian _beautie_; In a word,\n  The seeming truth which cunning times put on\n  To intrap the wisest. Therefore then, thou gaudie gold,\n  Hard food for Midas, I will none of thee,\n  Nor none of thee, thou _pale_ and common drudge\n  Tweene man and man; but thou, thou meager lead,\n  Which rather threatnest than doth promise ought,\n  Thy palenesse moves me more than eloquence,\n  And here choose I, joy be the consequence.\"\n\nThe word _guiled_ in the first line is printed _guilded_ in the second\nfolio, the form in which _gilded_ appears often in the old copies. I have\nno doubt that this is the true reading, and it would obviate the difficulty\nof supposing that Shakspeare wrote guil_ed_ for guil_ing_.\n\nIn Henry Peacham's _Minerva Britanna_, 1612, p. 207., of _deceitful_ \"court\nfavour\" it is said:\n\n \"She beares about a holy-water brush,\n  Wherewith her bountie round about she throwes\n  Fair promises, good wordes, and gallant showes:\n  Herewith a knot of _guilded_ hookes she beares,\" &c.\n\nNotwithstanding your correspondent's ingenious argument to show that\n_beautie_ in the third line may be the true reading, I cannot but think\nthat it is a mistake of the compositor caught from _beauteous_ in the\npreceding line; and that _gypsie_ was the word used by the poet, who thus\ndesignates Cleopatra. The words in their old form might well be confused.\nFor \"thou _pale_ and common drudge,\" in the seventh line, I unhesitatingly\nread \"thou _stale_ and common drudge;\" and, by so doing, avoid the\nrepetition of the same epithet to silver and lead. It is evident that the\nepithet applied to silver should be a depreciating one; while _paleness_ is\nsaid to _move more than eloquence_. The following passage in _King Henry\nIV._, Part I. Act III. Sc. 2. confirms this reading:\n\n \"So _common_ hackney'd in the eyes of men,\n  So _stale_ and cheap.\"\n\nTo obviate the repetition, Warburton altered _paleness_ to _plainness_, but\n_paleness_ was the appropriate epithet for lead. Thus, Baret has,\n\"_Palenesse or wannesse_ like lead. Ternissure.\"\n\nAnd in _Romeo and Juliet_, Act II. Sc. 5., we have:\n\n \"Unwieldly, slow, heavy and _pale as lead_.\"\n\nWith these simple and, most of them, obvious corrections, I submit the\npassage to the impartial consideration of those who with me think that our\nimmortal poet, so consummate a master of English, has been here, as\nelsewhere, rendered obscure, if not absurd, by the blunders of the printer.\nIt will then run thus:\n\n \"Thus ornament is but the _gilded_ shore\n  To a most dangerous sea: the beauteous scarf\n  Veiling an Indian _gipsy_; in a word,\n  The seeming truth which cunning times put on\n  To entrap the wisest. Therefore, thou gaudy gold\n  Hard food for Midas, I will none of thee:\n  Nor none of thee, thou _stale_ and common drudge\n 'Tween man and man: but thou, thou meagre lead,\n  Which rather threat'nest than doth promise aught,\n  Thy paleness moves me more than eloquence,\n  And here choose I; joy be the consequence!\"\n\nI may just observe, that in _Troilus and Cressida_, Act II. Sc. 2., the\nquarto copies have printed _pale_ for _stale_, which is corrected in the\nfolio.\n\nS. W. SINGER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nEPISODE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.\n\n_Mademoiselle de Sombreuil and the Glass of Blood._\n\n    \"... In the Abbaye, Sombreuil, the venerable Governor of the Invalides,\n    was brought up to the table, and Maillard had pronounced the words '\u00e0\n    la Force,' when the Governor's daughter, likewise a prisoner, rushed\n    through pikes and sabres, clasped her old father in her arms so tightly\n    that none could separate her from him, and made such piteous cries and\n    prayers that some were touched. She vowed that her father was no\n    aristocrat, that she herself hated aristocrats. But to put her to a\n    further proof, or to indulge their bestial caprices, the ruffians\n    presented to her a cup full of blood, and said 'Drink! drink of the\n    blood of the aristocrats, and your father shall be saved!' The lady\n    took the horrible cup, and drank and the monsters kept their promise.\"\n\nThus, in relating the massacres of September, writes the author of Knight's\n_Pictorial Hist. of Engl._ (Reign of Geo. III., vol. iii. p. 160.); and\nthus tradition has handed down to us this most horrible episode of the\nfirst French revolution; one which made so deep an impression on my own\nmind, that the scene was always uppermost whenever the atrocities committed\nduring that eventful period of French history were under consideration.\nThis impression, I am glad to say, has now been removed by M. Granier de\nCassagnac, who (_Histoire du Directoire_) states that the tradition is not\nfounded on fact; and as it is the first denial of the event which has come\nunder my notice, I send you the substance of the evidence which M. de\nCassagnac brings forward in support of his statement:-- {606}\n\n1. The Marquise de Fausse-Lendry, in her work, _Quelques-uns des Fruits\namers de la R\u00e9volution_, does not make any allusion to the fact, although\nshe was in the same chamber with Mlle. de Sombreuil, and relates her heroic\ndevotion to her father.\n\n2. Peltier, who was in Paris at the time, and published his _Histoire de la\nR\u00e9volution du 10 Ao\u00fbt_ early in 1793, does not say a word as to the\noccurrence.\n\n3. The report of Piette, which was drawn up in Mlle. de Sombreuil's favour,\nand from details supplied by herself, is completely silent on the matter.\n\n4. Being arrested with her father, and her younger brother, Mlle. de\nSombreuil was taken to the Prison de la Bourbe on the 31st of December,\n1793. One of the prisoners thus notices the event in his journal:\n\n     \"Du 11 Niv\u00f4se, an II.\n\n    \"L'on amena aussi a famille Sombreuil, le p\u00e8re, le fils, et la fille:\n    tout le monde sait que cette courageuse citoyenne se pr\u00e9cipita, dans\n    les journ\u00e9es du mois de Septembre, entre son p\u00e8re et le fer des\n    assassins, et parvint \u00e0 l'arracher de leurs mains. Depuis, sa tendresse\n    n'avait fait que s'accro\u00eetre, et il n'est sorte de soins qu'elle ne\n    prodigu\u00e2t \u00e0 son p\u00e8re, malgr\u00e9 les horribles convulsions qui la\n    tourmentaient tous les mois, pendant trois jours, depuis cette\n    lamentable \u00e9poque. Quand elle parut au salon, tous les yeux se fix\u00e8rent\n    sur elle et se remplirent de larmes.\"--_Tableau des Prisons de Paris\n    sous Robespierre_, p. 93.\n\nHere again, not a word about the glass of blood, although the narrative was\nwritten at no very distant period from the occurrences of September.\n\nMaton de la Varennes, in his _Hist. particuli\u00e8re des Ev\u00e8nemens_, written\nsubsequent to the events of Fructidor, year V., is enthusiastic in his\npraise of Mlle. de S.'s devotion; but says not a word as to the horrible\nsacrifice by which she is represented to have purchased her father's life.\n\nThe tradition is found for the first time in print in a note to Legouv\u00e9's\n_M\u00e9rite des Femmes_, which appeared in 1801; and the subject has been\nconsecrated by the pen of the exiled poet Victor Hugo, in an ode to Mlle.\nde Sombreuil. Since then M. Thiers, without further looking into the\nmatter, has given place to it in his _Hist. de la R\u00e9volut. Fran\u00e7aise_:\n\nVictor Hugo's lines are the following:--\n\n \"S'\u00e9lan\u00e7ant au travers des armes:\n  --Mes amis, respectez ses jours!\n  --Crois-tu nous fl\u00e9chir par tes larmes?\n  --Oh! je vous b\u00e9nirai toujours!\n  C'est sa fille qui vous implore;\n  Rendez-le moi; qu'il vive encore!\n  --Vois-tu le fer d\u00e9j\u00e0 lev\u00e9;\n  Crains d'irriter notre col\u00e8re;\n  Et si tu veux sauver ton p\u00e8re,\n  Bois ce sang....--Mon p\u00e8re est sauv\u00e9!\"\n\nThe subsequent history of this unfortunate family was this. M. de Sombreuil\nand his youngest son perished on the scaffold, the 10th June, 1794. The\nelder brother, Charles de Sombreuil, was shot at Vannes in June, 1795,\nafter the Quiberon expedition. Leaving prison and France, after the 9th\nThermidor, Mlle. de S. married an emigrant, the Comte de Villelume, who,\nunder the Restoration, became governor of the Invalides at Avignon, at\nwhich place she died in 1823.\n\nPHILIP S. KING.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMILTON INDEBTED TO TACITUS.\n\nThere is perhaps nothing in \"Lycidas\" which has so commended itself to the\nmemory and lips of men, as that exquisite strain of tender regret and\npathetic despondency in which occur the lines--\n\n \"Fame is the spur which the clear spirit doth raise\n  (That last infirmity of noble mind)\n  To scorn delights, and live laborious days.\"\n\nIt is with no desire to impair our admiration of these noble lines that I\nwould ask, if that graceful glorifying of Fame as \"the last infirmity of\nnoble minds\" was not suggested by the profound remark of Tacitus, in his\ncharacter of the stoical republican, Helvidius Priscus (_Hist._, l. iv. c.\n6.):\n\n    \"Erant, quibus appetentior fam\u00e6 videretur, quando etiam sapientibus\n    cupido glori\u00e6 novissima exuitur.\"\n\nThe great Englishman has condensed and intensified the expression of the\nconcise and earnest Roman. This is one of those delightful obligations\nwhich repay themselves: Milton has more than returned the favour of the\nborrowed thought by lending it a heightened expression.\n\nTHOMAS H. GILL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Note by Warton on Aristotle's \"Poetics.\"_--Some of your correspondents\nhaving expressed a wish that the MS. remarks of eminent scholars, when met\nwith by your readers, might be communicated to the world through your\npages, I beg to send you the following observations, signed _J. Warton_,\nwhich I have found on the blank leaf of a copy of Aristotle's _Poetics_\n(edit. of Ruddimannos, Edinb. 1731):--\n\n    \"To attempt to understand poetry without having diligently digested\n    this treatise, would be as absurd and impossible as to pretend to a\n    skill in geometry without having studied Euclid. The fourteenth,\n    fifteenth, and sixteenth chapters, wherein he has pointed out the\n    properest methods of exciting terror and pity, convince us that he was\n    intimately acquainted with those objects which most forcibly affect the\n    heart. The prime excellence of this precious treatise is the scholastic\n    precision and philosophical clearness with which the subject is\n    handled, without any address to {607} the passions or imagination. It\n    is to be lamented that the part of the Poeticks in which he has given\n    precepts for comedy did not likewise descend to posterity.\"\n\nA considerable number of notes, in the same handwriting, are also in the\nvolume.\n\nJ. M.\n\nOxford.\n\n_Misappropriated Quotation._--I have heard the following passage of Lord\nBacon's, Essay VIII., and by a Cambridge D.D. too, so far as the word\n\"fortune,\" attributed to Paley:\n\n    \"He that hath a wife and children hath given hostages to fortune, for\n    they are impediments to great enterprises. The best works of the\n    greatest merit for the public have proceeded from unmarried and\n    childless men.\"\n\nB. B.\n\n_The God Arciacon._--In a _Descriptive Account of the Antiquities in the\nGrounds and in the Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society_, drawn up\nby the learned Curator of the antiquities, at page 20. I find the following\ninscription and explanation:--\n\n    \"N. III. An altar recently discovered in the rubble foundation, under\n    one of the pillars of the church of St. Dionis, Walmgate, York. It is\n    inscribed:\n\n           DEO\n        ARCIACON\n      ET N. AVG. SI\n      MAT. VITALIS\n      ORD V. S. LM.\n\n    Which may be read thus: DEO Arciacon et Numini Augusti Simatius Vitalis\n    Ordovix Votum solvit libens merito, _i.e._ To the God Arciacon and to\n    the Divinity of Augustus, Simatius Vitalis, one of the Ordovices,\n    discharges his vow willingly, deservedly--namely, by dedicating this\n    altar. There is nothing in this inscription to indicate its date, or\n    the Emperor to whose divinity, in part, the altar is dedicated. The god\n    Arciacon, whose name occurs in no other inscription, was probably one\n    of those local deities to whom the Roman legions were so prone to pay\n    religious reverence, especially if in the attributes ascribed to them\n    they bore any resemblance to the gods of their own country. If the\n    reading and interpretation of ORD be right, Vitalis was a Briton; and\n    Arciacon may have been a deity acknowledged by the Ordovices, who\n    occupied the northern parts of Wales.\"\n\nIn the name ARCIACON I fancy that I see in a Latinized form the British\nwords ARCH IACHAWR, _i.e._ the Supreme Healer. _Arch_ has the same meaning\nin Welsh as it has in the English and several other languages. In\ncombination it is shortened to _Ar_, as in Yr Arglwdd Dduw, the Lord God.\nMy conjecture is, that the Britons may have worshipped a God whose\nattributes resembled those of the \u00c6sculapius of the Greeks. I hope that\nsome of the contributors to \"N. & Q.\" will be so kind as to give some\ninformation on this subject.\n\n[Inverted hand symbol]\n\n_Gat-tothed._--I do not know whether this mysterious word in the\ndescription of the \"Wife of Bath[3],\" has been satisfactorily explained\nsince the time of Tyrwhitt; but perhaps the following passage may suggest a\nnew reading in addition to \"cat-tothed\" and \"gap-tothed,\" which he gives in\nhis note on _Canterbury Tales_, p. 470.:\n\n    \"The Doctor deriveth his pedigree from Grono ap Heylyn, who descended\n    from Brocknel Skythrac, one of the princes of Powis-land, in whose\n    family was ever observed that one of them had a _gag_-tooth, and the\n    same was a notable omen of good fortune.\"--Barnard's _Life of Heylyn_,\n    p. 75., reprinted in _Heyl. Hist. Ref._ Eccl. Hist. Soc., 1. xxxii.\n\nQuery, What was a _gag-tooth_? The \"Wife\" herself says,\n\n \"Gat-tothed I was, and that became my wele,\n  I hold the print of Seinte Venus sele.\"--6185-6.\n\nJ. C. R.\n\n[Footnote 3: \"Bath\" corrected from \"Both\"--Transcriber.]\n\n_Goujere._--The usage of this word by Shakspeare (in the Second Part of\n_Henry IV._) is another proof that he took refuge in Cornwall, when he fled\nfrom the scene of his deerstalking danger. The _Goujere_ is the old Cornish\nname of the Fiend, or the Devil; and is still in use among the folk words\nof the West.\n\nC. E. H. MORWENSTOW.\n\n_The Ten Commandments in Ten Lines._--In looking over the Registers of the\nParish of Laneham, Notts, last April, I discovered on one of the leaves the\nCommandments with the above title. It is signed \"Richard Christian, 1689:\"\nhe was vicar at that time.\n\n \"Have thou no other Gods Butt me.\n  Unto no Image bow thy knee\n  Take not the name of God in vain\n  Doe not thy Sabboth day profaine\n  Honour thy ffather and Mother too\n  And see y^t thou no murder doo\n  ffrom vile Adultry keep the cleane\n  And Steale not tho thy state be meane\n  Bear no ffalse Witness, shun y^t Blott\n  What is thy neighbour's Couet not.\n\n  Whrite these thy Laws Lord in my heart\n  And Lett me not from them depart.\"\n\nS. WISWOULD.\n\n_Vellum-bound Books._--In a list of thirty books printed for T. Carnan and\nF. Newbery, and issued in 1773, I find the phrase _two volumes bound in one\nin the vellum manner_ in seven instances; also, _four volumes bound in two\nin the vellum manner_; and, _six volumes bound in three in the vellum\nmanner_. In other cases we have only the word _bound_ or _sewed_. I have a\nsuspicion that the phrase _in the vellum manner_ may have some obsolete\nmeaning; and submit this note to the consideration of those who are in\nsearch of a _vellum-bound Junius_.\n\nBOLTON CORNEY.\n\n{608}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nTHOMAS GILL, THE BLIND MAN OF ST. EDMUNDSBURY.\n\nPutting in order this morning a mass of pamphlets, which my women-kind\nthreaten to sweep into the kitchen unless more _tidily_ kept, I came upon a\nfew poetical tracts by \"Thomas Gill, the Blind Man of St. Edmundsbury.\" Not\nhaving had any previous acquaintance with this poetical moralist, I have\nlooked over the lot; but beyond the above description of himself upon their\ntitles, they afford little information regarding their author.\n\nThere is, however, proof, in _The Blind Man's Case at London_, 1711, that\nGill was a character in his day. In what he loftily calls \"The Argument\" to\nthese eight pages of doggrel, he says:\n\n    \"The Blind Man of Bury by the Persuasions of his Printer, and some\n    other supposed Friends, takes his Wife with him to London, with an\n    Intention to settle there, where they met with so many Inconveniences,\n    and so great Difficulties and Charges, as soon disgusted them with the\n    Place.\"\n\nHereupon the blind man, finding himself disappointed in his expectations\nof, apparently, a larger sphere for his begging operations, opens out upon\nthe metropolis in a fine round style of abuse in his \"Letter to his Good\nFriend and Benefactor at Bury.\"\n\nDesirous that my successor in the O---- library should have the advantage\nof all the information I can collect, in regard to the bibliographical\ncuriosities therein contained, I am induced to avail myself of the medium\nyour pages afford to inquire whether any of your Suffolk antiquaries can\ngive me, or point out where I can help myself to, any particulars touching\nmy new friend with an old face.\n\nJ. O.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBRONZE MEDALS.\n\nHaving applied in vain to several distinguished numismatists respecting\ncertain bronze medals in my cabinet, which have baffled my own researches,\nI now beg to seek for information through the medium of \"N. & Q.,\" to which\nI have been already much indebted; and have little doubt but that among\nyour many intelligent correspondents some one will be found to solve my\ndifficulties.\n\nThe medals to which I refer, and which I will describe very briefly, are\nthe following; and I am desirous of obtaining some account of the persons\nin whose honour they were struck:--\n\n1. _Astalia._ Size (Mionnet's scale), 16. \"Diva Julia Astalia.\" Bust to the\nleft. Rev. \"Unicum for. et pud. Exemplum.\" A phoenix rising from its ashes.\nProbably not later than the early part of the sixteenth century.\n\n2. _Conestagius._ Size, 15\u00bd. \"Hieronimus Conestagius, MDXC.\" Bust in armour\nto the right, with ruff round the neck. Beneath, \"MART. S***.\" Rev. A pen\nand a sword in saltire. An oval in high relief, of Italian workmanship.\n\n3. _Meratus._ Size, 13\u00bd. \"Franciscus Meratus I.P.F.\" Bearded bust to the\nright. Rev. \"Me Duce Tutus Eris.\" A figure seated holding a book in its\nright hand. Query the meaning of the initials after the name?\n\n4. _Aragonia._ Size, 13. \"D. Maria Aragonia.\" Bust to the right, with a\ncrown falling from her head. Rev. None.\n\n5. _Hanna._ Size, 18. \"Martinus de Hanna.\" Bust in a gown, to the right.\nRev. \"Spes mea in Deo est.\" A full-length figure, with hands clasped and\nraised towards heaven: apparently a foreign Protestant divine.\n\n6. _Corsi._ Size, 20. \"Laura Corsi March. Salviati.\" Hooded bust to the\nleft, with crucifix suspended from the neck. Beneath, \"MDCCVIII.\" Rev.\n\"Mens immota manet.\" Full-length female figure, with helmet on her head,\nleaning on a spear round which a serpent is twined, with a stag by her\nside. In the background, on one side, is represented a castle on a wooded\nheight; on the other, a vessel is seen labouring in a storm. A striking\nmedal; and the lady's portrait makes one feel interested to learn her\nhistory, which seemingly ought to be known: but I must confess my ignorance\neven whether the Marquisate of Salviati be in Italy or Sicily.\n\nJOHN J. A. BOASE.\n\nP.S.--John de Silv\u00e2, Count de Portalegre, who accompanied Don Sebastian in\nhis expedition to Africa against Muley Moloch, published at Genoa in 1585 a\nwork entitled _Dell' Unione del Regno di Portogallo alla Corona di\nCastiglia_, under the name of _Conestaggio_; but not having the book by me,\nI do not know whether the Christian name \"Geronimo\" also appears.\n\n    [The remainder of the title-page reads, \"Istoria Del Sig. Ieronimo De\n    Franchi Conestaggio Gentilhuomo Genovese.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nACWORTH QUERIES.\n\nIn the church of St. Mary Luton, Beds, there is a brass slab bearing the\nfigures of a knight and his two wives, with the following inscription:\n\n    \"Pray for the soules of John Acworth Squyer and Alys and Amy his wyfes,\n    which John deceased the xvij day of March the yer of our Lord\n    M'v^cxiij. On whose souls Jhu have mercy.\"\n\nFor arms, he bore quarterly, 1st and 4th, erm. on a chief indented gu. 3\ncoronets or. 2nd and 3rd, or, between 3 roses a chev. gu.\n\nIn the reign of Henry VIII. there was one Johan Acworth (a lady of the\nbedchamber to Katherine Howard), who married Sir John Bulmer, and went to\nreside at York.\n\nJohn Acworth was, I believe, succeeded by his son, George Acworth, who\nmarried Margaret, the {609} daughter of -- Wilborefoss, of Durham, Esquire,\nand had issue a daughter, Johan Acworth. This Johan Acworth married Sir\nEdward Waldegrave, the youngest son of George Waldegrave, of Smalbridge,\nEssex, Esq. I do not know if George Acworth had any other issue.\n\nIn 1560 there was a George Acworth who was public orator of Cambridge. He\nwas formerly of Peterhouse, and took his D.C.L. at St. John's, Oxon. He was\nin his early days the friend and companion of Archbishop Parker. In 1576,\nhe was appointed Master of the Faculties, Judge of the Prer. Court of\nIreland. He is said to have died in Ireland, but where or when I do not\nknow.\n\nThere was another of the name, Allin Acworth, formerly of Magdalen Hall,\nOxon, and Vicar of St. Nicholas, Rochester, Kent. He was a sufferer by the\nAct of Uniformity, having been, in consequence of that Act, expelled his\nvicarage in 1666. Of his subsequent history I find no trace.\n\nIf any of your correspondents can give me any information relative to any\nof the above, their descent, or intermarriages, I shall be much obliged.\n\nThe name is, I believe, an uncommon one, and is only borne, as far as I can\nlearn, by one family now in existence. There was, however, another family\nof the name formerly belonging to Suffolk, who bore for arms: Sa. a griffin\nsegreant armed and langued or. But I cannot find any trace of their\nresidence, &c., or when they flourished or became extinct.\n\nI believe there was a Baron of the name in the reign of one of the early\nHenries, but unfortunately can discover no certain information about him.\n\nThe above particulars are wanted for genealogical purposes.\n\nG. B. A.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n\"_Row the boat, Norman._\"--In the _Chronicles of England_ collected by John\nStow, and printed in 1580, is the following passage:--\n\n    \"1454. John Norman, Draper, Maior. Before thys time the Maiors,\n    Aldermen, and Commoners of the Citie of London were wonte all to ride\n    to Westminster when the Maior should take hys charge, but this Maior\n    was rowed thyther by water; for the whiche the watermen made of hym a\n    song, 'Rowe the boate, Norman,' &c.\"\n\nAre any of your correspondents in possession of the words of this song? or\nis the tune to which it was sung known?\n\nT. G. H.\n\n_The Hereditary Standard Bearer._--In Crawford's _Peerage of Scotland_ it\nis mentioned, that in the year 1107 Alexander I., by a special grant,\nappointed a member of the Carron family (to whom he gave the name of\nScrimgeour, for his valour in a _sharp fight_) the office of Hereditary\nStandard Bearer. Can you inform me how the Scrimgeours were deprived of\nthis honour? The family is not extinct, and yet I see the Hereditary Royal\nStandard Bearer is now a Wedderburne, and the Earl of Lauderdale is also\nHereditary Standard Bearer. There surely must have been injustice committed\nsome time to cause such confusion. When and how did it take place?\n\nT. G. H.\n\n_Walton's Angler; Seth's Pillars; May-butter; English Guzman._--In Walton's\n_Complete Angler_, in the beginning of the discourse between Piscator and\nVenator, the former, expatiating on the antiquity of the art of angling,\ngives as one of the traditions of its origin, that Seth, one of the sons of\nAdam,\n\n    \"Left it engraven on those pillars which he erected, and trusted to\n    preserve the knowledge of the mathematics, music, and the rest of that\n    precious knowledge, and those useful arts which, by God's appointment\n    or allowance, and his noble industry, were thereby preserved from\n    perishing in Noah's flood.\"\n\nWhat is the tradition of Seth's Pillars?\n\nPiscator in chap. v. says:\n\n    \"But I promise to tell you more of the fly-fishing for a trout, which I\n    may have time enough to do, for you see it rains May-butter.\"\n\nWhat is May-butter, or the origin of the saying?\n\nIn the amusing contest between the gypsies related in the same chapter,\nthese worthies were too wise to go to law about the residuary shilling, and\ndid therefore choose their choice friends Rook and Shark, and our late\nEnglish Guzman, to be their arbitrators and umpires.\n\nWhat is the explanation of these names? There appears to be some natural\nconsequence to this choice, for the decision seems to have been arrived at\nby the act of reference. The notes explain that by \"our English Guzman\"[4]\nwas intended one James, a noted thief. I suppose his prototype was Don\nGuzman D'Alfarache; but no interpretation of the passage is given. Would it\nbe found to have reference to some passage in the book referred to in the\nnote?\n\nANON.\n\n[Footnote 4: [Sir Harris Nicolas says: \"The allusion is to a work which had\nappeared three years before: _The English Gusman; or, the History of that\nunparalleled Thief, James Hind_, written by G. F. [George Fidge] 4to.,\nLondon, 1652. Hind appears to have been the greatest thief of his age; the\nson of a saddler at Chipping Norton, and apprenticed to a butcher. In the\nrebellion he attached himself to the royal cause, and was actively engaged\nin the battles of Worcester and Warrington. In 1651, he was arrested by\norder of parliament, under the name of Brown, 'at one Denzy's, a barber\nover against St. Dunstan's Church, Fleet Street;' which circumstance may\nhave introduced him to Walton's notice.\"--ED.]]\n\n{610}\n\n_Radish Feast._--I copied the following from the north door of St. Ebbe's\nChurch, Oxford. Can any of your correspondents explain the origin and\nmeaning of this feast?\n\n     \"_St. Ebbe's Parish._\n\n    \"The annual meeting for the election of Church-wardens for this Parish\n    will be held in the vestry of the Parish Church on Easter Tuesday, at 4\n    o'clock in the afternoon.\n\n     \"WM. BRUNNER, }\n       WM. FISHER,  } Churchwardens.\n\n    \"Dated 10 April, 1852.\n\n    \"The Radish Feast will be at the Bull Inn, New Street, immediately\n    after the Vestry.\"\n\nR. R. ROWE.\n\nCambridge.\n\n_What Kind of Drink is Whit?_--In going over the famous old mansion\nCothele, near Tavistock, the other day, I saw, among other prim\u00e6val\ncrockery, three pot-bellied jugs, two of which were inscribed \"Sack, 1646;\"\nand the third, a smaller one, \"Whit, 1646.\" What kind of drink is _whit_?\n\nW. G. C.\n\n_\"Felix natu,\" &c._--\n\n \"Felix natu, felicior vit\u00e2, felicissimus morte.\"\n\nOf whom was this said, and by whom?\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n\"_Gutta cavat lapidem._\"--Can any reader of \"N. & Q.\" inform me whence the\nfollowing verse is taken?\n\n \"Gutta cavat lapidem, non vi sed s\u00e6pe cadendo.\"\n\nThe first half, I know, is the commencement of a line in _Ov. ex Ponto_,\nEp. x. v. 5., which concludes with--\n\n \"... consumitur annulus usu.\"\n\nI have seen it quoted, but no reference given.\n\nA. W.\n\nKilburn.\n\n_Punch and Judy._--Are any of your readers of \"N. & Q.\" not aware that\n_Punch and Judy_ is a corruption, both in word and deed, of _Pontius cum\nJud\u00e6is_, one of the old mysteries, the subject of which was Pontius Pilate\nwith the Jews; and particularly in reference to St. Matt. xxvii. 19.? I\nshould be glad to hear of some similar instances.\n\nBOEOTICUS.\n\nEdgmond, Salop.\n\n_Sir John Darnall_ (Vol. v., pp. 489. 545.).--Can either of your\ncorrespondents, E. N. or G., inform me whether the Sir John Darnall, who is\nthe subject of their communications, is descended from John Darnall, who\nwas a Baron of the Exchequer in 1548, or give me any particulars of the\n\"birth parentage, education, life, character, and behaviour\" of the latter?\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\n_The Chevalier St. George._--Can any of the numerous readers of \"N. & Q.\"\ninform me where ample and minute accounts, either in print or MS., of the\nLife and Court of the Chevalier St. George, particularly from the death of\nJames II. to his own death, can be obtained; also, of his ministers of\nstate, personal attendants, &c.? I have already examined such of the Stuart\nPapers as have been published by Mr. Glover, and by Brown in his _History\nof the Highland Clans_.\n\nJ. W. H.\n\n_Declaration of 2000 Clergymen._--Several allusions have been lately made\nat Parliament to the 2000 clergymen who signed a Declaration calling in\nquestion the Queen's supremacy. Was a list of these clergymen ever\npublished? If so, in what newspaper or periodical? What were the exact\nwords of the declaration?\n\nRUSTICUS.\n\n_MS. \"De Humilitate.\"_--Can any of your correspondents give me any\ninformation as to the date, authorship, or value of a MS. that has lately\nfallen into my hands? It is a thin quarto, beautifully written upon\nparchment. The title page is wanting, and the MS. commences with the index:\nbut the title of the work is _De Humilitate_. It consists of twenty-four\nchapters. The heading of the first two is as follows:\n\n    \"Incipit prologus in libello qui inscribitur de humilitate,\n\n    Cap. I. Quam perniciosum sit et Deo odibile superbi\u00e6 initium, et\n    qualiter ac de quibus gloriandum sit.\n\n    II. Quod sit superbia fugienda et sectanda humilitas, qu\u00e6 in sui vera\n    cognitione fundata consistit,\" &c.\n\nThe top of the first page has a rich initial letter; and at the bottom a\ncoat of arms: Crest, a leopard rampant; shield, argent, 3 bars gules, on a\nchief azure 3 fleur de lys or. The heading of each chapter is written in\nred ink.\n\nCEYREP.\n\n_MS. Work on Seals._--Moule, in his _Bibliotheca Heraldica_, states that\nthere was at the date of the publication of his work (1822), in the library\nat Stowe, a MS. work, two volumes, folio, by Anstis, on the Antiquity and\nUse of Seals. Can any of your readers inform me in whose possession this\nwork now is?\n\nA. O. D. D.\n\n_Sir George Carew._--Sir George Carew, the able commander and crafty\nstatesman of Queen Elizabeth's time, was created Earl of Totness. His\ngrandfather mortgaged his ancestral estate of Carew, in Pembrokeshire, to\nSir Rhys ap Thomas, who, with its subsequent possessors, Sir John Perrot\nand the Earl of Essex, made great additions to Carew Castle, the\nmagnificent remains of which entitle it to be called the ruined Windsor of\nWales.\n\nThe Carews then pushed their fortunes in Ireland, and endeavoured to\nrecover the \"Marquisate of Cork\" on an obsolete and false claim. {611}\n\nThe writer wishes for an accurate pedigree of Sir George Carew, showing his\nrelationship to Sir Peter Carew, who was buried at Ross, and to Sir Peter\nwho was killed at the skirmish of Glendalough in 1581.\n\nH.\n\n_Docking Horses' Tails._--I should be glad to learn when the practice of\ndocking horses' tails commenced in England, or in any country of Europe,\nand what was the immediate cause of this amputation? I cannot trace in the\nplates of Froissart, or others of a later date, any indication of this\npractice, and in them there are no tails lopped of their fair proportions.\n\nWhat other nations besides the English have ever docked their horses'\ntails; and where is any account to be found of their reasons for so doing?\n\nIf any of your correspondents will answer these Queries, I shall feel\nobliged.\n\nTAIL.\n\n_St. Albans, William, Abbot of._--Archbishop Morton addressed a monition in\n1490 to William, Abbot of St. Albans. It is to be found in Wilkin's\n_Concilia_, iii. 632., and is extracted from Archbishop Morton's\n_Register_, fol. 22. b. Now, in Tanner's _Notitia_, and in Dugdale's\n_Monasticon_, it is stated that William Wallingford, Abbot of St. Albans,\ndied in 1484; and that the chair was vacant until 1492, when Thomas Ramryge\nwas elected abbot. Archbishop Morton's original letter is, I believe, to be\nseen in the register at Lambeth, and its date is distinctly 1490. This\ndate, moreover, agrees with the Excerpta of Dr. Ducarel in the British\nMuseum.\n\nCan any of your readers solve this difficulty for me, as I am anxious to\nknow immediately whether I may safely identify \"William,\" the notorious\nevil-liver of Morton's monition, with \"Wallington,\" who bears a respectable\ncharacter in Dugdale's _Monasticon_.\n\nL. H. J. TONNA.\n\n_Jeremy Taylor on Friendship._--\n\n    \"I am grieved at every sad story I hear. I am troubled when I hear of a\n    pretty bride murdered in her bride-chamber by an ambitious and enraged\n    rival,\" &c.--_Jeremy Taylor on Friendship_, p. 37, fol. Lond. 1674.\n\nThis was written A.D. 1657: what is the case referred to?\n\nC. P. E.\n\n_Colonel or Major-General Lee._--The dates of his letters tend to prove\nthat Lee was on the continent in 1770, and this is apparently borne out by\nthe \"memoirs\" published both in America and in England. But Dr. Girdleston,\nin his strange work published in 1813, asserts that on the 20th April,\n1770, at the christening of Sir Charles Davis's eldest son, Charles Sydney,\nLee was at Rushbrooke in Suffolk. The proof, however, is not adduced in a\nsimple and straightforward manner. At page 6, Dr. Girdlestone tells us that\nsome person, not named, remembers that Lee stood sponsor, &c.; at page 7,\nthat the register proves that the baptism took place on the 20th April,\n1770; and at page 13, that the register proves that Lee was on the 20th\nApril \"in that church.\" This last is the only fact bearing on the question\nat issue. Will any of your intelligent correspondents residing at Bury\nfavour you with a copy of the register of the baptism of Charles Sydney on\nthe 20th April, 1770?\n\nC. M. L.\n\n\"_Roses all that's fair adorn._\"--Can you inform me where I can find a copy\nof an old poem, which begins as follows:\n\n \"Roses all that's fair adorn,\n  Rosy-finger'd is the morn,\" &c.;\n\nsince I have searched in vain for it.\n\nW. S.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries Answered.\n\n_Donne._--In Walton's _Life of Donne_ it is said that Donne left behind\nhim--\n\n    \"The resultance of 1400 authors, most of them abridged and analysed\n    with his own hand; he left also some six score of sermons, all written\n    with his own hand.\"\n\nCan any one tell me what has become of these MSS., and where they are now\nto be found if they still exist?\n\nAJAX.\n\n    [The Sermons have been published in three volumes folio: the first\n    printed in 1640, containing eighty; the second in 1649, containing\n    fifty; and the third in 1660, containing twenty-six.]\n\n_Dr. Evans._--Who was Dr. Evans, author of the _Sketch of Christian\nDenominations_? It would not be easy to ascertain, from internal evidence,\nwhat \"denomination\" he was himself! Who is the modern editor, the Rev.\nJames Bransby?\n\nA. A. D.\n\n    [Mr. Evans was born at Uske in Monmouthshire in 1767, studied at the\n    Bristol Academy, and afterwards at the Universities of Aberdeen and\n    Edinburgh. In 1792 he became pastor of a congregation of General\n    Baptists in Worship Street, London; and opened an academy for youth in\n    Hoxton, which was subsequently removed to Islington. In 1819 he\n    obtained the diploma of Doctor of Laws from Brown University, in Rhode\n    Island, America. His death took place Jan. 25, 1827. In doctrinal\n    matters, we believe he was a mitigated Socinian; and we believe his\n    Editor, who was a schoolmaster at Carnarvon, held the same theological\n    views.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nCARLING SUNDAY--ROMAN FUNERAL PILE.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 449.; Vol. iv., p. 381.; Vol. v., p. 67.)\n\nAt Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and many other places in the North of England, grey\npeas, after having been steeped a night in water, are fried with butter,\ngiven away, and eaten at a kind of entertainment on the Sunday preceding\nPalm Sunday, which {612} was formerly called Care or Carle Sunday, as may\nbe yet seen in some of our old almanacks. They are called _carlings_,\nprobably, as we call the presents at fairs, _fairings_. Marshal, in his\n_Observations on the Saxon Gospels_, tells us that \"the Friday on which\nChrist was crucified is called in German both Gute Freytag and Carr\nFreytag;\" that the word _karr_ signifies a satisfaction for a fine or\npenalty; and that Care or Carr Sunday was not unknown to the English in his\ntime, at least to such as lived among old people in the country.\n\nIn the old Roman calendar I find it observed on this day (the 12th of\nMarch), that a dole is made of soft beans. I can hardly entertain a doubt\nbut that our custom is derived from hence. It was usual among the Romanists\nto give away beans in the doles at funerals; it was also a rite in the\nfuneral ceremonies of heathen Rome. There is a great deal of learning in\nErasmus's _Adages_ concerning _the religious use of beans_, which were\nthought to belong to the dead. An observation which he gives us of Pliny\nconcerning Pythagoras's interdiction of the pulse, is highly remarkable. It\nis \"that beans contain the souls of the dead.\" For which cause also they\nwere used in the Parentalia. Plutarch also, he tells us, held that pulse to\nbe of the highest efficacy for invoking the manes. Ridiculous and absurd as\nthese superstitions may appear, it is yet certain that our _carlings_\ndeduce their origin from thence. On the interdiction of this pulse by\nPythagoras, the following occurs in Spencer _De Leg. Hebr._, lib. i. p.\n1154.:--\n\n    \"Quid enim Pythagoras, ejusque pr\u00e6ceptores, \u00c6gypti Myst\u00e6, adeo\n    leguminum, fabarum imprimis, esum et aspectum fugerent; nisi quod cibi\n    mortuorum coenis et exequiis proprii, adeoque polluti et abominandi\n    haberentur,\" &c.--Brand's _Observations on Popular Antiquities_,\n    Ellis's ed., vol. i. pp. 95-99.\n\nIn the notes in loco is mentioned \"a practice of the Greek church, not yet\nout of use, to set boyled corne before the singers at their commemorations\nof the dead,\" v. _Gregorii Opusc._, p. 128. The length of this reply will\nnot admit of my here enumerating the other emblems of the resurrection of\nthe body used by the fathers and other writers. I shall therefore conclude\nwith an extract from Rennel's _Geographical System of Herodotus_, p. 632.,\nrelating to the Pythagorean prohibition of beans:--\n\n    \"The Bengalese have the _Nymph\u00e6a nelumbo_ in their lakes and\n    inundations; and its fruit certainly resembles at all points that of\n    the second species of water-lily described by Herodotus; that is, it\n    has the form of the orbicular wasp's nest; and contains kernels of the\n    size and shape of a small bean. Amongst the Bramins this plant is held\n    _sacred_; but the kernels, which are of a better flavour than almonds,\n    are almost universally eaten by the Hindoos.\n\n    \"It may, however, be a question whether it has always been the case;\n    and whether in the lapse of time that has taken place since the days of\n    Pythagoras (who is supposed to have visited India, as well as Chald\u00e6a,\n    Persia, and Egypt), a relaxation in discipline may not have occasioned\n    the law to be dispensed with; instances enough of a like kind being to\n    be met with elsewhere. _Kyamos_ in the Greek language appears to\n    signify, not only a bean, but also the fruit or bean of the _Nymph\u00e6a\n    nelumbo_. Is it not probable then that the mystery of the famous\n    inhibition of Pythagoras, an enigma of which neither the ancients nor\n    the moderns have hitherto been able to give a rational solution, may be\n    discovered in those curious records of Sanscrit erudition, which the\n    meritorious labours of some of our countrymen in India are gradually\n    bringing to light?\"\n\nBIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHART AND MOHUN.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 466.)\n\nIn Downes' _Roscius Anglicanus_, edit. 1789, mention is made of these two\nactors, thus:\n\n    \"Hart was apprentice to Robinson, an actor who lived before the Civil\n    Wars; he afterwards had a captain's commission, and fought for Charles\n    I. He acted women's parts when a boy.\n\n    \"Mohun was brought up under Robinson, as Hart and others were: in his\n    youth he acted Bellamente, in _Love's Cruelty_, which part he retained\n    after the Restoration.\"--Page 10.\n\nIt appears to have been the practice of the old actors--the \"master\nactors,\" as they were called--to take youths as apprentices, and to\ninitiate them in female characters, as a preparatory step towards something\nweightier. Richard Robinson, above-mentioned, _circa_ 1616, usually\nperformed female characters himself.[5] In 1647 his name occurs, with\nseveral others, prefixed to the dedication of the first folio edition of\nFletcher's _Plays_. He served in the king's army in the civil wars, and was\nkilled in an engagement by Harrison, who refused him quarter, and who was\nafterwards hanged at Charing Cross.\n\nThe patent of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, of which Mr. Hart and Major\nMohun formed part of the company, having descended from Thomas to Charles\nKilligrew--\n\n    \"In 1682 he joined it to Dr. Davenant's patent, whose company acted\n    then in Dorset Garden, which, upon the union, were created the King's\n    Company: after which Mr. Hart acted no more, having a pension to the\n    day of his death from the United Company. I must not omit to mention\n    the parts in several plays of some of the actors, wherein they excelled\n    in the performance of them. First, Mr. Hart, in the part of Arbaces, in\n    _King and no King_; Amintor, in the _Maid's Tagedy_; Othello; Rollo;\n    Brutus, in _Julius C\u00e6sar_; Alexander. Towards the latter end of his\n    acting, if he {613} acted in any one of these but once in a fortnight,\n    the house was filled as at a new play, especially Alexander; he acting\n    that with such grandeur and agreeable majesty, that one of the Court\n    was pleased to honour him with this commendation; that Hart might teach\n    any king on earth how to comport himself.\"[6]\n\nIn Rymer's _Dissertation on Tragedy_ he is thus noticed:\n\n    \"The eyes of the audience are prepossessed and charmed by his action,\n    before aught of the poet can approach their ears; and to the most\n    wretched of characters Hart gives a lustre which dazzles the sight,\n    that the deformities of the poet cannot be perceived.\"\n\n    \"He was no less inferior in Comedy; as Mosca, in the _Fox_; Don John,\n    in the _Chances_; Wildblood, in the _Mock Astrologer_; with sundry\n    other parts. In all the Comedies and Tragedies he was concerned, he\n    perform'd with that exactness and perfection that not any of his\n    successors have equall'd him.\"[7]\n\nIt would seem that through Hart's \"excellent action\" alone Ben Jonson's\n_Catiline_ (his own favourite play), which had been condemned on its first\nrepresentation, was kept on the stage during the reign of Charles II. With\nHart this play died.\n\nPrevious to Nell Gwyn's elevation to royal favour, it is said, upon the\nauthority of Sir George Etherge, in _Lives of the most celebrated Beauties,\n&c._, 1715, she was \"protected\" by Lacy, and afterwards by Hart. Whether\nthis be true or not, it is certain that she received instructions in the\nThespian art from both of these gentlemen.\n\nThe cause of Hart retiring from the stage was in consequence of his being\ndreadfully afflicted with the stone and gravel, \"of which he died sometime\nafter, having a salary of forty shillings a week to the day of his death.\"\n\nHart's Christian name was Charles. He is believed by Malone to have been\nShakspeare's great nephew.[8]\n\nMajor Mohun remained in the \"United Company\" after Hart's retirement.\n\n    \"He was eminent for Volpone; Face, in the _Alchemist_; Melantius, in\n    the _Maid's Tragedy_; Mardonius, in _King and no King_; Cassius, in\n    _Julius C\u00e6sar_; Clytus, in _Alexander_; Mithridates, &c. An eminent\n    poet[9] seeing him act this last, vented suddenly this saying: 'Oh,\n    Mohun, Mohun! thou little man of mettle, if I should write 100 plays,\n    I'd write a part for thy mouth.' In short, in all his parts, he was\n    most accurate and correct.\"[10]\n\nRymer remarks:\n\n    \"We may remember (however we find this scene of Melanthius and Amintor\n    written in the book) that at the Theater we have a good scene acted;\n    there is work cut out, and both our \u00c6sopus and Roscius are on the stage\n    together. Whatever defect may be in Amintor and Melanthius, Mr. Hart\n    and Mr. Mohun are wanting in nothing. To these we owe what is pleasing\n    in the scene; and to this scene we may impute the success of the\n    '_Maid's Tragedy_.'\"\n\nMajor Mohun's Christian name was Michael.\n\nW. H. LN.\n\nBerwick-on-Tweed.\n\n[Footnote 5: See _The Devil is an Ass_, Act II. Sc. 8.]\n\n[Footnote 6: _Roscius Anglicanus_, p. 23.]\n\n[Footnote 7: Ibid., p. 24.]\n\n[Footnote 8: See _Historical Account of the English Stage_, in Malone's\nedition of Shakspeare, vol. i. part ii. p. 278. Lond. 1790.]\n\n[Footnote 9: Thought by Thomas Davies to have been Lee.]\n\n[Footnote 10: _Roscius Anglicanus._]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBURIAL WITHOUT RELIGIOUS SERVICE--BURIAL.\n\n(Vol. v., pp. 466. 549.)\n\nThere can be no doubt, I think, that a burial ground, whether parish\nchurchyard or cemetery, so long as it has been consecrated, or even\nlicensed by the bishop, is only _legally_ useable for interments performed\naccording to \"the ecclesiastical laws of this realm;\" _i.e._ the burial\nservice, as rubrically directed, must be read by a clergyman over the\ncorpse. Whether the bishop would have proceeded by law against the\nclergyman in Carlile's case, supposing he had desisted from the service\nunder the protests of the sons, may be questioned; but that he could have\ndone so is beyond a doubt. The sixty-eighth canon says, that \"no minister\nshall refuse or delay to bury any corpse that is brought to the church or\nchurchyard ... in such manner and form as is prescribed in the Book of\nCommon Prayer. And if he shall refuse, &c., he shall be suspended by the\nbishop of the diocese from his ministry by the space of three months.\" The\nconsecration, or episcopal licence, seems to tie the burial ground to the\nburial service, except in the three cases of persons who die\nexcommunicated, unbaptised, or by their own hands; and I imagine that a\nclergyman would render himself liable to suspension by his bishop, who\neither allowed interments to take place in the churchyard without the\nburial service, or, on the other hand, used the service in unconsecrated or\nunlicensed ground. By the 3 Ja. I. c. 5., there is a penalty for burying a\ncorpse away from the church; but this law is either repealed or obsolete.\nIf any services of the church be used by a clergyman, except \"according to\norder,\" I imagine that he renders himself liable to penal consequences; but\nit may be sometimes thought best to omit them. Sometimes, however, as in\nthe case of baptisms being allowed in drawing-rooms, there is such an\nintentional oversight as is quite indefensible.\n\nThe story which I have heard of Baskerville's burial is as follows;--He\ndied at Birmingham, but was not interred, and his corpse was kept in the\nhouse in which he had lived. After a time this house was sold, and the\npurchaser of it became embarrassed by the unexpected discovery that he was\nin possession of the old printer's mortal remains. He applied to the\nclergyman of {614} the parish for release from his difficulty; and this\ngentleman, being a man of the world, said that he was the last person who\nought to have been consulted, but since it was so, the churchyard and the\nshades of evening afforded a remedy.\n\nPerhaps it is worth adding, that when Sir W. Page Wood, the late\nSolicitor-General, would have brought a bill into parliament to relieve\ndissenters from the payment of church rates, on condition that they\nconsented to forego all claim upon the services of the church, including of\ncourse the burial service, the bargain was declined by them.\n\nALFRED GATTY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"QUOD NON FECERUNT BARBARI,\" ETC.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 559.)\n\nYour correspondent MR. BREEN is mistaken in supposing this \"epigram\" to\nrefer to the Barberini spoliation of the Coliseum; it was an equally\nimportant and more sacrilegious theft that aroused Pasquin's satire and\nindignation.\n\nUrban VIII. (Matteo Barberini), 1623-44, had just stripped the dome of the\nPantheon of the bronze that adorned it, to construct therewith the\nbaldacchino over the high altar in St. Peter's. The amount of metal\nobtained, says Venuti, was upwards of 450,250 pounds weight; and upon the\nprinciple of robbing Peter to pay Paul, the material thus stolen from the\nMadonna was dedicated to the service of San Pietro. Bernini was the artist\nemployed, from whose taste, perhaps, little better was to be expected; and\nthe baldacchino, though highly ornamented, richly gilt, and of imposing\ndimensions, certainly makes the beholder regret that the metal was moved\nfrom its original position. It was costly enough too, upwards of 20,000l.\nhaving been expended upon its production.\n\nUrban evidently had a practical turn for warfare by no means unusual to the\npossessors of the \"holy see,\" for we find that the surplusage of the metal\nwas cast into cannon for the defence of St. Angelo.\n\nThis pope certainly was _one_ of the most unsparing despoilers of the\nColiseum, inasmuch as the huge pile of the Palazzo Barbarini was erected by\nhim with stone supplied solely from that convenient and inexpensive quarry.\nIf, however, we reflect that he did but follow the example of many of his\npredecessors (Paul II. built the Palazzo di Venezia, and Paul III. the\nFarnese, from the same exhaustless supply), and that the Coliseum was not\nonly much ruined by the \"barbarians\" during the various sieges of Rome, but\nwas used as a fortress by the Frangipani in the Middle Ages, the pasquinade\nquoted by MR. BREEN would hardly have been applicable to Urban's misdeeds\nin that quarter. Nor was the Coliseum at that time consecrated ground, as\nit was not till the year 1750 that Benedict XIV., with a view to protect it\nfrom future depredation, dedicated it to the memory of the Christian\nmartyrs who had perished in its arena. But the Pantheon, consecrated as\nearly as A.D. 608, under the name of S. Maria Rotonda, had been respected\nand spared by all, whether Arian or barb-\"arian;\" and it was reserved for a\n\"Santo Padre\" of the seventeenth century to despoil a Christian Church, and\nhimself set an example of sacrilege to the Christian world. Urban was the\nsole member of the Barberini family (of Florentine extraction) that ever\nattained the papal tiara. The amount of wealth stated to have been amassed\nby him during his pontificate appears almost fabulous.\n\nThe author of the pasquinade in question is, I believe, unknown.\n\nA. P.\n\nBayswater.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nRESTIVE.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 535.)\n\nI am inclined to think that your correspondents, however deeply they may be\nversed in \"Folk-Lore,\" are generally not much acquainted with \"Horse-Lore.\"\nSuch, at least, is the opinion that is warranted by the extraordinary\nnature of the questions (not many in number, it is true) which have been\nput in relation to that subject, and of the replies that have been given to\nthem. In the case now before us, J. R. has only superficially considered\nthe matter. He takes one out of many definitions \"in our dictionaries,\" and\non that takes his stand. He is manifestly in error. The tempting facility\nof referring all words similar in appearance to the same etymon lies at the\nroot of his mistake; for _restive_, as he will find on more patient\ninvestigation, is by our lexicographers (Richardson, for example) classed\nunder a different root from _rest_, used to express _quiescence_, or\n_repose_. _Restive_, or more properly _restiff_, is equivalent to the\nFrench _r\u00e9tif_, or Italian _restio_; and, as applied to horses, means those\nwhich resist the will of their rider. Hence, whether in standing stock\nstill, in running away, in rearing, in plunging, or in kicking, they employ\ntheir natural means of defence against the control of the cavalier, and may\nequally be called _restiff_. In support of this view, take the following\nquotation, to which others might be added. It is from Grisone, _Ordini di\nCavalcare_, 4to., 1550:\n\n    \"Se il cavallo \u00e8 restio, il pi\u00f9 delle volte procede per colpa del\n    Cavaliero, per una di questi ragioni. Overo il Cavallo \u00e8 vile, e di\n    poca forza, e essendo troppo molestato si abandona e avvilisce di sorte\n    che accorando non vuole caminare avante; over \u00e8 superbo, e gagliardo, e\n    dandogli fatica, egli mancandogli un poco di lena, si prevaler\u00e0 con\n    salti, e con aggrupparsi, e con altre malignit\u00e0, \u00f2 fara pur questo dal\n    principio che si cavalca, di maniera che se allora conoscer\u00e0 chi il\n    Cavaliero lo teme, {615} prender\u00e0 tant' animo, che usando molte\n    ribalderie, si fermer\u00e0 contra la volont\u00e0 sua; _e di queste due Specie\n    di Restii_ [which J. R. will be pleased to _note_], la peggior \u00e8 quella\n    che nasce da vilt\u00e0, e da poca forza.\"--Folio 92, verso.\n\nThus much for the equestrian part of the subject. With regard to the use of\nthe word _restive_ by the author of the _Eclipse of Faith_, that is purely\na matter of taste, which it is unnecessary here to discuss; but I hope that\nthe foregoing opinion of one who in his day passed for the most\naccomplished horseman of Europe, will suffice to show that, in the passage\nquoted, the term is not so entirely misapplied as J. R. supposes.\n\nF. S. Q.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMEN OF KENT AND KENTISH MEN.\n\n(Vol. v., p. 321.)\n\nIn your answers to Minor Queries (Vol. v., p. 321.) I find it stated, that\nthe inhabitants of the part of Kent lying between Rochester and London\nbeing _invicti_, have ever since (the Norman Conquest) been designated as\nMen of Kent; while those to the eastward, through whose district the\nConqueror marched unopposed, are only \"Kentish Men.\"\n\nAs I have always understood that the contrary is the case, and that the\ninhabitants of East Kent are called \"Men of Kent,\" and those in West Kent,\n\"Kentish Men\"--because in East Kent the people are less intermixed with\nstrangers than in West Kent, from its proximity to the metropolis--I was\ndesirous of correcting what appeared to me to be a manifest error: but not\nfinding any direct authority on the point, I consulted my friend Charles\nSandys, Esq., of Canterbury, as a Kentish antiquary, on the subject. And I\nnow send you a letter from that gentleman, which you are at liberty to\nprint.\n\nGEO. R. CORNER.\n\nEltham.\n\n\"'MEN OF KENT,' AND 'KENTISH MEN.'\n\n\"I am not aware that any professed treatise has been written or published\nupon our provincial distinction of 'Men of Kent' and 'Kentish Men.' That\nsome such traditionary distinction, however, (whatever it may be) has\nexisted from time immemorial in our county, cannot be disputed, and I think\nit has an undoubted and unquestionable historic origin, which I will\nendeavour briefly to illustrate.\n\n\"The West Kent Men, according to the tradition, are styled 'Kentish Men;'\nwhilst those of East Kent are more emphatically denominated 'Men of Kent.'\n\n\"And now for my historical authorities:--\n\n\"That the East Kent people were denominated from ancient time 'Men of\nKent,' may, I think, be inferred from the ancient Saxon name of its\nmetropolis, [Cant-wara-burh] [_Canterbury_], literally, 'The City of the\nMen of Kent;' the royal city and seat of government of King Ethelbert at\nthe time of the arrival of St. Augustine (A.D. 597) to convert our\nidolatrous Saxon ancestors from the worship of Woden and his kindred\ndeities to that of the Saviour of the world.\n\n\"St. Augustine, having succeeded in his holy mission, and having been\nconsecrated Archbishop of the Saxons and Angles in Britain, fixed his\nmetropolitical see in the royal city of Canterbury, which had been granted\nto him by King Ethelbert on his conversion (who thereupon retired to his\nroyal fortress, or Castrum, of Regulbium, _Reculver_). And in that city it\nhas ever since continued for a period of more than twelve centuries.\n\n\"The conversion of the Pagan inhabitants of Kent proceeded so rapidly that\nSt. Augustine, with the assistance of King Ethelbert, soon founded another\nepiscopal see at Rochester, and thus divided the Kentish kingdom into two\ndioceses: the eastern, or diocese of Canterbury; the western, or diocese of\nRochester. And thus, I conceive, originated the divisions of East and West\nKent: the men of the former retaining their ancient name of 'Men of Kent;'\nwhilst those of the latter adopted that of 'Kentish Men.'\n\n\"The Saxon (or Jutish) kingdom of Kent continued a separate and independent\nkingdom of the Octarchy from the time of Hengist (A.D. 455) until its\nsubjugation by Offa, King of Mercia, in the eighth century, to which it\ncontinued tributary until King Egbert reduced all the kingdoms of the\nOctarchy under his dominion, at the commencement of the ninth century,--and\nthus became the first King of all England.\n\n\"That Kent was separated at an early period into the two divisions of East\nand West Kent, may be inferred from a charter (Kemble, _Cod. Dipl._ ii.\n19.) relating to some property withheld from the church of Canterbury, and\nwhich is specially described as having been that \"of Oswulf, duke and\nprince of the province of _East Kent_\" ('dux atque princeps provinci\u00e6\n_Orientalis Canti\u00e6_') c. A.D. 844.\n\n\"The _Saxon Chronicle_ also confirms this view of the matter, thus:\n\nA.D. 853. \"Ealhere with the 'Men of Kent' fought in _Thanet_ against the\nheathen army (Danes).\"--Thanet is in _East_ Kent.\n\nA.D. 865. \"The heathen army sate down in _Thanet_, and made peace with the\n'Men of Kent.' And the 'Men of Kent' promised them money for the peace.\"\n\nA.D. 902. ... \"Battle at the _Holmes_, between the 'Kentish Men' and the\n'Danish Men.'--This, I take it, occurred in _West_ Kent.\n\nA.D. 999. \"The army (Danes) went up along the Medway to _Rochester_, and\nthen the '_Kentish_ forces' stoutly joined battle ... and full nigh {616}\nall the 'West Kentish men' they ruined and plundered.\"\n\nA.D.[11] 1009. \"Then came the vast hostile army (Danes) to _Sandwich_, and\nthey soon went their way to _Canterbury_; and all the people of '_East\nKent_' made peace with the army, and gave them 3000 pounds.\"\n\n\"Thus, I trust, I have satisfactorily shown from our ancient annals, that\nthe distinction between 'Kentish Men' and 'Men of Kent,' existed at a\nperiod long anterior to the Norman Conquest, and is distinctly recognised\nin the foregoing historical passages. And its origin may, I think, be\nattributed to the ancient division of the Jutish kingdom of Kent into the\ntwo dioceses of _Canterbury_ and _Rochester_.\n\n\"Our Gavelkind Tenure and free Kentish customs, of which I have attempted a\nhistory in my recently published _Consuetudines Kanci\u00e6_, gave rise to our\nwell-known old provincial song of 'The Man of Kent,' its burthen being:\n\n \"Of Briton's race--if one surpass,\n   'A Man of Kent' is He.\"\n\nCHARLES SANDYS, F.S.A.\n\nCanterbury.\n\n[Footnote 11: \"A.D.\" corrected from \"A.B.\"--Transcriber.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Speculum Christianorum, &c._ (Vol. v., p. 558.).--In case no fuller\ninformation should be forthcoming on this tract, allow me to refer MR.\nSIMPSON to Ames's _Typographical Dictionary_, p. 113., where is an account\nof what is apparently another edition of the above, printed by William\nMachlinia, or Macklyn, about the year 1480. The title runs thus: _Incipit\nliber qui vocatur Speculum Xpristiani_. It is a short exposition of the\ncommon topics of divinity of that time, for the most part in Latin, but\nthere is some English which is chiefly in rhyme. The first English lines\nare--\n\n \"In heauen shall dwelle alle cristen men\n  That knowe and kepe goddes byddynges ten.\"\n\nAt the end, after--\n\n    \"Explicit liber qui vocatur specul[=u] Xpr[=i]ani, Sequitur exposicio\n    oracionis dominice c[=u] quodam bono notabili et sept[=e] capitalia\n    vicia c[=u] aliquibus ramis eor[=u].\"\n\nAfterwards--\n\n    \"Sequuntur monita de verbis beati Ysidori extracta ad instruend[=u]\n    homin[=e] qualiter vicia valeat euitare et in bonis se debeat\n    informare.\"\n\nThe whole concludes with this colophon:\n\n    \"Jste Libellus impressus est [=i] opulentissima Ciuitate Londoniarum\n    per me Willelmum de Machlinia ad instanciam necnon expensas Henrici\n    Vrankenbergh mercatoris.\"\n\nThe author is said to be John Watton in the Catalogue of MSS. in England\nand Ireland, C.C.C., Oxon. n. clv. p. 53.\n\nJ. EASTWOOD.\n\n_Smyth's MSS. relating to Gloucestershire_ (Vol. v., p. 512.).--A querist\nwrites to know where any of these may be seen.\n\nThe original manuscript (three vols. folio) was given to the library of the\nCollege of Arms, through the hands of Sir Charles Young, by the Rev. R. W.\nHuntley of Boxwell Court, about 1835, who became possessed of it by a\nlegacy from a descendant of Mr. Smyth. There is another copy in the\n\"Evidence Room,\" at Berkeley Castle; and another in the library of Smyth\nOwen, Esq., a descendant from the author, at Condover Hall, Shropshire.\nThere is another copy in the possession of the Hon. Robert Berkeley at\nSpetchley Park, Worcestershire. And an imperfect copy was sold at the sale\nat Hill Court, Gloucester, in 1846. It was bought by a bookseller for Mr.\nPigott of Brockley; it was resold in 1849, but to whom I could never find\nout. This last is also in three vols.; two of these match in the binding,\nbut the third does not: the leather of this odd vol. is thickly studded\nwith the _portcullis_. The imperfection of this set consists in being\n_unfinished_ in many parts. Mr. Huntley's is considered the first copy of\nthat at the castle; and that at Condover was probably Mr. Smyth's own. The\nHill Court copy seems to be about the same date.\n\nThe _Abstracts and Extracts_ of these MSS. as published by Fosbroke in\n1821, are but a tantalising meagre sample of the very rich store of\ngenealogical and historical information which the originals contain.\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nClyst St. George, Devon.\n\n_M. Barri\u00e8re and the Quarterly Review_ (Vol. v., pp. 347. 402.).--As I see\nthat J. R. (of Cork) has resumed his correspondence with \"N. & Q.,\" I beg\nleave to call his attention to his statement, and to my inquiry under the\nabove references: any one or two instances of what is stated to be \"so\nfrequent\" a practice will suffice.\n\nC.\n\n\"_I do not know what the truth may be_\" (Vol. v., p. 560.).--The lines run\nthus in the _Lay of the Last Minstrel_, Canto II. 22.:\n\n \"I cannot tell how the truth may be,\n  I say the tale as 'twas said to me.\"\n\nJ. EASTWOOD.\n\n    [J. M.--D. P. WATERS--NASO--L. X. R.--W. J. B. S.--B. R. J.--MARY, &c.,\n    have also furnished us with Replies to this Query.]\n\n_Optical Phenomena_ (Vol. v., p. 441.).--You have not yet published any\nsatisfactory reply to the optical Query of N. B., at p. 441. of the present\nvolume. I apprehend there is not much difficulty in finding the solution. I\nattribute the phenomenon to the refraction of light through a stratum of\nair that is more dense than the surrounding air. Every solid is coated by\nsuch a stratum. This is the well-known fact of _adhesion_ {617} alluded to\nby Liebig, in his _Letters on Chemistry_, 1st series [2nd edit. by Gardner,\np. 16.]\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\n_Stoup_ (Vol. v., p. 560.).--In answer to the inquiry of CUTHBERT BEDE, I\nbeg to inform him that an _exterior_ stoup, in excellent preservation, is\nto be found on the outer wall of the south porch of Hungerton Church,\nLeicestershire. The inquiry confirms the belief I have always entertained,\nthat examples of exterior stoups are rarely met with in the ecclesiastic\narchitecture of England.\n\nKT.\n\nAylestone.\n\n_Seventh Son of a Seventh Son_ (Vol. v., p. 532.).--The note which appears\nin p. 532. has induced me to look out a rare old printed copy of \"The Quack\nDoctor's Speech,\" which is in my possession, and which was spoken by the\nwitty Lord Rochester, in character, and mounted on a stage; it is\naltogether a very humorous and lengthy address, partaking of the licence of\nlanguage not uncommon to the courtiers of that period, abounding in much\ntechnical phraseology, and therefore unsuited for an introduction into your\npages _in extenso_. The titles assumed, however, are in character with the\npretensions claimed by virtue of being the seventh begotten son of a\nseventh begotten father; and may perhaps prove an interesting addition to\nthe collection of instances recorded by your correspondent HENRY EDWARDS:\n\n     \"Gentlemen,\n\n    \"I, Waltho Van Clauterbauck, High German Doctor, Chymist and\n    Dentrificator--Native of Arabia Deserta, Citizen and Burgomaster of the\n    City of Brandipolis--Seventh son of a Seventh son, unborn Doctor of\n    above sixty years' experience, having studied over Galen, Hypocrates,\n    Albumazer, and Paracelsus, am now become the \u00c6sculapius of this age.\n    Having been educated at twelve Universities, and travelled through\n    fifty-two Kingdoms, and been Counsellor to the Counsellors of several\n    grand Monarchs, natural son of the wonder working chymical Doctor\n    Signior Hanesio, lately arrived from the farthest parts of Utopia,\n    famous throughout all Asia, Europe, Africa, and America, from the Sun's\n    oriental exaltation to his occidental declination, out of mere pity to\n    my own dear self and languishing mortals, have by the earnest prayers\n    and entreaties of several Lords, Dukes, and honourable Personages been\n    at last prevailed upon to oblige the World with this Notice, &c. &c.\n\n     \"Veniente occurrite morbo--Down with your dust.\n            Principiis obsta--No cure no money.\n      Querenda Pecunia Premium--Be not sick too late.\n\n    \"You that are willing to render yourselves immortal, Buy this pacquet,\n    or else repair to the sign of the Pranceis, in Vico vulgo dicto\n    Ratcliffero, something south-east of Templum Dancicum, in the Square of\n    Profound Close, not far from Titter Tatter Fair; and you may hear, see,\n    and return Re-infecta.\"\n\nKT.\n\nAylestone.\n\nAt my father's school was a Yorkshire lad, who was to be educated\nclassically, because he was intended for the medical profession. The cause\nassigned was, that \"he was the seventh son of a seventh son;\" and the\nseventh son of a seventh son \"_maks the bigg'st o' doctors_.\"\n\nC. C. C.\n\n_The Number Seven_ (Vol. v., p. 533.).--MR. HENRY EDWARDS is quite right in\nhis conjecture that the number _seven_, so often used in the Old and New\nTestament, is generally put to mean \"several,\" \"many,\" or an indefinite\nnumber. Hence the number seven was esteemed a sacred, symbolical, and\nmystical number. There were seven gifts of the Holy Ghost, seven days in\nthe week, seven sacraments, seven branches on the candlestick of Moses,\nseven liberal arts, seven churches of Asia, seven mysterious seals, seven\nstars, seven symbolic trumpets, seven heads of the dragon, seven joys and\nseven sorrows of the blessed Virgin, seven penitential psalms, seven deadly\nsins, seven canonical hours, &c. &c.\n\n\"Septenarius numerus est numerus universitatis,\" says J. de Voragine. See\nalso, Bede, Duranti, and Rhabanus Maurus, on the mystical explanation of\nthis number. A curious French MS. belonging to the latter part of the\nthirteenth century has a singular illustration of the number seven. It is a\nminiature: a wheel cut into seven rays, and composed of seven concentric\ncordons. The rays form seven compartments, divided into as many cordons,\ncontaining in each cordon one of the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer,\none of the seven sacraments, one of the seven spiritual arms of justice,\none of the seven works of mercy, one of the seven virtues, one of the seven\ndeadly sins, and one of the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost.\n\nCEYREP.\n\n_Commentators_ (Vol. v., pp. 512. 570.).--The original verses are\nYoung's:--\n\n \"How commentators each dark passage shun,\n  And hold their farthing candle to the sun.\n                  _The Love of Fame_, Satire vii.\n\nL. X. R.\n\n_Banning or Bayning Family_ (Vol. v., p. 536.).--This surname is traced in\nIreland on _record_ from the time of Richard II., while the native\nannalists represent it with that Milesian prefix which old Alvary so\ningraciously attaints--\"_O datur ambiguis_.\" These annalists mark Patrick\n\"O'Bainan\" Bishop of Connor in 1152, and Gelasius \"O'Banan\" Bishop of\nClogher in 1316. The records that I have alluded to spell the name\n\"Bannyn,\" or \"Banent.\" In 1620 Creconnaght \"Bannan\" was seised of lands in\nUlster; and in the army raised for the service of King James, while in this\ncountry in 1689, William Bannan was a quartermaster in Colonel Nicholas\nPurcel's regiment of {618} horse. I have reason myself to know that two\nfamilies of \"Banon\" still exist here.\n\nJOHN D'ALTON.\n\nDublin.\n\n_Tortoiseshell Tom Cat_ (Vol. v., p. 465.).--I always thought the\ntortoiseshell tom cat was an animal of very rare occurrence; but I was not\naware, until I read the Note of your correspondent W. R., that it was\nunknown in natural history. The late (and highly respected) Mr. John\nBannister, familiarly called \"Jack Bannister,\" wrote, more than forty years\nago, a humorous and witty _jeu d'esprit_ on this subject: this was composed\nfor his \"Budget,\" a species of entertainment from which the late Mr.\nMatthews took the idea of his \"At Home;\" an entertainment exhibiting a most\nextraordinary range of talent, and must be fresh in the memory of most of\nyour readers. It supposes the auctioneer, \"Mr. Catseye,\" in the Great Room\nin \"Cateaton Street,\" and opens thus:\n\n \"Oh! what a story the papers have been telling us\n    About a little animal of wond'rous price;\n  Who but an auctioneer would ever think of selling us,\n    For two hundred yellow-boys, a trap for mice?\"\n      &c. &c.\n\nHaving, humorously described the company assembled, and enlarged on the\n\"beauty and rarity\" of the animal, it thus concludes:\n\n \"Now louder and warmer the competition growing,\n    Politeness nearly banished in the grand _fracas_;\n  Two hundred, two hundred and thirty-three--a-going!\n    Gone! Never cat of _talents_ surely met avidly such _\u00e9clat_!\n  E'en nine or ten fine gentlemen were in the fashion caught as well,\n    As ladies in their bidding for this purring piece of tortoiseshell.\n  And the buyer bore him off in triumph, after all the fun was done,\n    And bells rang, as if Whittington had been Lord Mayor of London;\n  Mice and rats flung up their hats, to find that cats so scarce were,\n    And mouse-trap makers raised their prices cent. per cent.!\"\n\nM. W. B.\n\n_A Tombstone cut by Baskerville_ (Vol. v., p. 209.).--A correspondent\ncomplains that on visiting Edgbaston Church he was unable to obtain a sight\nof the tombstone, which he much wished to see. Since I read his Note, I\nhave met with the following, which I copy from Pye's _Modern Birmingham_,\n1819. After speaking of a monument in Handsworth Church, Birmingham, to the\nlate Matthew Boulton, the writer proceeds:\n\n    \"The other is a humble tombstone, remarkable as being one of the last\n    works cut by his own hand, with his name at the top of it, of that\n    celebrated typographer, Baskerville; but this, being neglected by the\n    relations of the deceased, has been mutilated, although the inscription\n    is still perfect, but so much overgrown with moss and weeds, that it\n    requires more discrimination than falls to the lot of many passing\n    travellers, to discover the situation of this neglected gem. To those\n    who are curious it will be found close to the wall, immediately under\n    the chancel window. This precious relic of that eminent man is\n    deserving of being removed at the expense of the parish, and preserved\n    with the greatest care, withinside the church.... There is only one\n    other of his cuttings known to be in existence, and that has lately\n    been removed and placed withinside the church at Edgbaston--\"\n\nWhich is subsequently thus described:\n\n    \"There was in this churchyard a gravestone cut by the hands of the\n    celebrated typographer Baskerville, which is now removed and placed\n    withinside the church. The stone being of a flaky nature, the\n    inscription is not quite perfect, but whoever takes delight in\n    well-formed letters, may here be highly gratified; it was erected to\n    the memory of Edw. Richards, an idiot, who died 21st September, 1728,\n    with the following inscription:--\n\n     'If innocents are the favourites of heaven,\n      And God but little asks where little's given,\n      My great Creator has for me in store\n      Eternal joys; what wise man can have more?'\"\n\nI am sorry I cannot just now give any further information, but hope this\nNote will be new to some of your readers, and interesting to all.\n\nESTE.\n\n_Shakspeare, Tennyson, &c._ (Vol. v., p. 492.).--The editorial note has\nsupplied the Latin parallel, but not \"the origin and reason of the idea.\"\nThis Koenig's note to Persius (I. 40.) will do:\n\n    \"_Nascentur viol\u00e6_; Hoc inde videtur natum esse quod veteres tumulos\n    mortuorum sparsis floribus et corollis solebant ornate; pertinebat hoc\n    ad religionem manium, qui, ut putabatur, libationibus annuis, coronis,\n    floribus, cet. delectabantur.\"\n\nThis is the first step. Further:\n\n    \"Beatissima mortui conditio, cui _vel natura ipsa inferias agat_,\n    floribus in tumulo sponte nascentibus, videtur indicari.\"\n\nLastly:\n\n    \"Videtur quoque privata nonnullorum opinio fuisse, _cinerem in flores\n    mutari, idque contingere non nisi probis ac pulchris_ (_Anthol. Lat._);\n    ex fabulis heroum in flores post mortem mutatorum fortasse nata.\"\n\nThis last, and deepest thought, is that seized on by Shakspeare and\nTennyson. Koenig gives many parallels.\n\nA. A. D.\n\n_Rhymes on Places_ (Vol. v., pp. 293. 374. 500. 547.).--The following\nrhymes (if so they can be termed) respecting the exploits of a certain\ngiant named Bell, and his wonderful sorrel horse, whose leaps were each a\nmile long, are, or were a few {619} years since, prevalent in this\nneighbourhood among the inhabitants of the villages therein mentioned. The\nlegend has been noticed by Peck:\n\n \"Mountsorrel he mounted at,\n  Rodely[12] he rode by,\n  Onelept[13] he leaped o'er,\n  At Birstall he burst his gall,\n  And Belgrave he was buried at.\"\n\nLEICESTRIENSIS.\n\n[Footnote 12: Now Rothley.]\n\n[Footnote 13: Now Wanlip.]\n\nThe following I had years ago from a Buckinghamshire gentleman:\n\n \"_Tring_, _Wing_, and _Ivinghoe_,\n  Three dirty villages all in a row,\n  And never without a rogue or two.\n  Would you know the reason why?\n  _Leighton Buzzard_ is hard by.\"\n\nJ. EASTWOOD.\n\n_Birthplace of Josephine_ (Vol. v., p. 220.).--MR. BREEN'S able and\ninteresting Note seems to establish beyond dispute that Josephine was born\nin St. Lucia, and not, as is commonly supposed, in Martinique.\n\nBut can MR. BREEN, or any other of your correspondents, speak to this still\nmore curious Query, whether or no she had African blood in her veins? I\nheard it confidently asserted lately by a gentleman of high standing on\nthis island, who has business relations with Martinique, that such was the\ncase, and that either the grandmother or great-grandmother of the Empress\nwas a negress slave. He had the fact, he said, on good local authority, and\nappeared satisfied in his own mind of the truth of the statement. The\nsudden and surprising elevation of her grandson gives some interest to the\ninquiry.\n\nA. KER.\n\nAntigua.\n\n_The Curse of Scotland_ (Vol. i., pp. 61. 90.; Vol. iii., pp. 22. 253. 423.\n483.).--\n\n    \"There is a common expression made use of at cards, which I have never\n    heard any explanation of; I mean the nine of diamonds being commonly\n    called the Curse of Scotland.\n\n    \"Looking lately over a book of heraldry I found nine diamonds, or\n    lozenges, conjoined, or, in the heraldic language, Gules, a cross of\n    lozenges, to be the arms of Packer.\n\n    \"Colonel Packer appears to have been one of the persons who was on the\n    scaffold when Charles the First was beheaded, and afterwards commanded\n    in Scotland, and is recorded to have acted in his command with\n    considerable severity. It is possible that his arms might, by a very\n    easy metonymy, be called the Curse of Scotland; and the nine of\n    diamonds, at cards, being very similar in figure to them, might have\n    ever since retained the appellation.\"--_Gent. Mag._, vol. lvi. p. 301.\n\n    \"I cannot tell whence he learns that Colonel Packer was on the scaffold\n    when King Charles was beheaded.\"--_Ibid._, p. 390.\n\n    \"When the Duke of York (a little before his succession to the crown)\n    came to Scotland, he and his suite introduced a new game, there called\n    _Comet_, where the ninth of diamonds is an important card. The Scots\n    who were to learn the game, felt it to their cost: and from that\n    circumstance the ninth of diamonds was nicknamed the Curse of\n    Scotland.\"--_Ibid._, p. 538.\n\n    \"The nine of diamonds is called the Curse of Scotland because it is the\n    great winning card at Comette, which was a game introduced into\n    Scotland by the French attendants of Mary of Lorraine, queen of James\n    V., to the ruin of many Scotch families.\"--_Ibid._, p. 968.\n\nThe explanation supplied by the game of Pope Joan is doubtless the correct\none.\n\nGOODLUCK.\n\n_Waller Family_ (Vol. v., p. 586.).--Francis Waller, of Amersham, Bucks,\ngrandfather of Edmund Waller the poet, by his will, dated 13th of January,\n1548-49, entails his mansion house in Beaconsfield, and other estates in\nBucks, Herts, &c., on the child of which his wife Anne is \"now pregnant,\"\nwith remainders to his two brothers, Thomas and Edmund, in tail, with\ndivers remainders over, to Francis Waller, son of his brother Ralph Waller,\nand the heirs of his \"sister Pope\" and his sister Davys. The lady in\nquestion was of the Beaconsfield branch of the Wallers, and great aunt to\nthe poet. (From the family muniments.)\n\nLAMBERT H. LARKING.\n\n\"_After me the Deluge_\" (Vol. iii., pp. 299. 397.).--The modern, whoever he\nmay be, can only lay claim to reviving this proverb of selfishness, which\nwas branded by Cicero long ago:\n\n    \"Illa vox inhumana et scelerata ducitur, eorum, qui negant se recusare,\n    qu\u00f2 min\u00f9s, ipsis mortuis, terrarum omnium deflagratio consequatur, quod\n    vulgari quodam versu Gr\u00e6co [[Greek: Emou Thanontos gaia michth\u00eat\u00f4\n    puri]] pronuntiari solet.\"\n\nThis passage occurs in his treatise _De Finibus_, III. xix., vol. xiv. p.\n341. Valpy's edition, 1830.\n\nMACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.\n\n_Sun-Dial Motto_ (Vol. v., p. 499.).--Y. is informed that Hazlitt, in his\n_Sketches and Essays_, has an essay on a sun-dial, beginning with these\nwords:\n\n    \"_Horas non numero nisi serenas_, is the motto of a sun-dial near\n    Venice.\"\n\nIn _La Gnomonique Pratique_ of Fran\u00e7ois de Celles, 8vo., there is pretty\nlong list of Latin mottos for sun-dials, but I do not find the above\namongst them. It scarcely reads like a classical quotation.\n\nROBERT SNOW.\n\n_Lines by Lord Palmerston_ (Vol. i., p. 382.; Vol. ii., p. 30. Vol. iii.,\np. 28.).--In Vol. i., p. 328., INDAGATOR inquired whether there was any\n{620} authority for attributing to the late Lord Palmerston the beautiful\nlines on the loss of his lady, beginning,--\n\n \"Whoe'er like me his heart's whole treasure brings.\"\n\nINDAGATOR says they have been supposed to be Hawksworth's and S. S. S.\n(Vol. ii., p. 30.) that they have been also attributed to Mason. I can\nstate, _from the best authority_, that they are Lord Palmerston's. My\nauthority needs no extrinsic confirmation, but I may as well observe that\nINDAGATOR has himself sufficiently disposed of Hawksworth's claim, as his\nwife was still alive when the lines appeared; and the conjecture of S. S.\nS. is obviously a confusion of Lord Palmerston's lines with those of\nMason's (whose wife died at Bristol), beginning--\n\n \"Take, holy earth, all that my soul holds dear.\"\n\nBut another of your correspondents, A. B. (Vol. iii., p. 28.), or your\nprinter, has made a mistake on this point which I cannot account for. A. B.\nsays that he inquired after the author of the lines beginning--\n\n \"Stranger, whoe'er thou art that viewest this tomb;\"\n\nand this statement is headed with a reference to INDAGATOR'S inquiry about\nLord Palmerston, to which it had no reference whatsoever. I do not remember\nto have seen A. B.'s inquiry, but it assuredly has nothing to do with\nINDAGATOR'S which I have now set at rest.\n\nC.\n\n_Indian Jugglers_ (Vol. iv., p. 472.).--In looking over some former Numbers\nI find an inquiry under this head. N. will find a full account of some of\nthese wonderful and apparently inexplicable performances in the _Dublin\nUniversity Magazine_. I have not a set to refer to, but the papers appeared\nabout three or four years ago.\n\nESTE.\n\n_Sons of the Conqueror_ (Vol. v., pp. 512. 570.).--I believe after all that\nSir N. Wraxall is right. According to the old chroniclers, _three_ members\nof the Conqueror's family met their death in the New Forest.\n\n1. _Richard_, his _second son_, is said to have been killed by a stag in\nthe New Forest when hunting, and to have been buried at Winchester in the\nchoir of the cathedral there.\n\n2. _Henry_, youngest son of Robert, Duke of Normandy, and _grandson_ of the\nConqueror, was accidentally slain in the New Forest.\n\n3. _William Rufus_, third son of the Conqueror, fell in a similar way and\nin the same place.\n\nJ. R. W.\n\nBristol.\n\n_Saint Wilfred's Needle_ (Vol. v., pp. 510. 573.).--A very interesting\naccount of this curious crypt beneath the central tower of Ripon Cathedral\nwill be found in a pamphlet published twelve years ago, entitled\n\"_Sepulchri a Romanis Constructi infra Ecclesiam S. Wilfridi in civitate\nReponensi Descriptio Auctore Gul. D. Bruce_. London 1841.\" A copy is in the\nlibrary of the Society of Antiquaries, and another in the British Museum.\n\nD. W.\n\n_Frebord_ (Vol. v., p. 440.).--It may possibly assist the inquiries of your\ncorrespondents SPES and P. M. M. to be informed that the right of Frebord\nbelongs to many estates in the midland counties. In some instances in\nLeicestershire the claim extends from the boundary hedge of one lordship to\nthe extent of twenty-one feet over the land of the adjoining lordship; it\nis here understood to represent a _deer's leap_, and is said to have been\ngiven with the original grant of the manor, in order to secure to the lord\na right to take the deer he happened to shoot when in the act of leaping\nfrom his domain into his neighbour's manor.\n\nKT.\n\nAylestone.\n\n_Royd_ (Vol. v., p. 571.).--The meaning of this word may be further\nillustrated by reference to Swiss etymology and history. The great battle\nof Naefels (April 9, 1388) is celebrated on the first Thursday of every\nApril, on the spot where the fiercest part of the struggle took place.\nMount _Ruti_, the meadow where the liberators of Switzerland met, on the\nlake of the Four Cantons, and opposite Brunner, is called the Rutli: both\nwords being derived from a common root of common use in the formation of\nnames in German Switzerland, _Ruten-defricher_, \"to clear;\" or, _Ruthen_,\n\"to measure, gauge;\" in short, \"prepare for clearing;\" whence, perhaps, our\n_Ruthyn_ and Rutland.\n\nH. P. S.\n\n_Spy Wednesday_ (Vol. v., p. 511.).--Your correspondent MR. CHADWICK is\ninformed that the Wednesday in Holy Week, _i. e._ the Wednesday before\nEaster Sunday, is called _Spy Wednesday_. The term has its origin in the\nfact, that Judas made his compact with the Sanhedrim upon that day for the\nbetrayal of our Blessed Saviour. See Matthew, xxvi. 3, 4, 5. 14, 15, and\n16.\n\nCEYREP.\n\n_Book of Jasher_ (Vol. v., pp. 415. 476. 524.).--Hartwell Horne, in his\n_Introduction_ (vol. ii. part ii. pp. 132-138. ed. 1839), has with much\ndiligence exposed both Ilive's original forgery (1751) and the\n\"unacknowledged reprint\" (1829). He adds:\n\n    \"There is also extant a Rabbinical Hebrew Book of Jasher printed at\n    _Venice_ in 1625, which is an explanation of the histories contained in\n    the Pentateuch and Joshua. Barlocci, in his _Biblioth. Rabbinica_,\n    states that it contains some curious but many fabulous things; and\n    particularly that this book was discovered at the time of the\n    destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem in a certain place, in which an\n    old man was shut up, in whose possession a great number of Hebrew books\n    were found, and among them the Book of Jasher; which was first carried\n    into Spain, and preserved at Seville, whence finally it was taken to\n    Naples, where it was first published.\"--Vol. iii p. 934.\n\n{621}\n\nIs this the work published at New York in 1840? I suppose so: at least, if\n\"Prof. Noah\" has been reproducing the _Bristol Book of Jasher_ (1829), he\ncan claim but little of the _justice and perfectness_ of his great\nnamesake.\n\nA. A. D.\n\n_Stearne's (not Hearne's) Confirmation and Discovery of Witchcraft_ (Vol.\nv., p. 416.).--Of this tract, inquired after by MR. CLARKE, and which is\ncertainly one of the most extraordinary of all the treatises on Witchcraft,\nthe only copy I ever saw is the one I possess, and which I have fully\ndescribed in the notes to Pott's _Discovery of Witches_, printed for the\nChetham Society, p. 4. The Rev. Author was no theorist, but a thoroughly\npractical man; having been an agent in finding and bringing to justice 200\nwitches in the eastern counties. He has the subject so perfectly at his\nfingers' ends, and discusses it so scientifically, that Hopkins sinks into\ninsignificance by the side of him. Pity it is that such a philanthropic\nindividual should have had occasion to complain: \"In many places I never\nreceived penny as yet, nor any am like, except that I should sue!!\"\n\nJAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n_Lines on Chaucer_ (Vol. v., p. 586.).--The lines should be quoted:--\n\n \"Britain's first poet,\n  Famous old Chaucer,\n  Swan-like, in dying\n    Sung his last song\n  When at his heart-strings\n    Death's hand was strong.\"\n\nThey are taken from Hymn cxxiii. of _Hymns and Anthems_, London, C. Fox,\n1841.\n\n[Gamma].\n\n_Fairlop Oak_ (Vol. v., pp. 114. 471.).--Your correspondents J. B. COLMAN\nand SHIRLEY HIBBERD will find much information relative to this oak and the\nfair in a work with the following title:\n\n    \"Fairlop and its Founder, or Facts and Fun for the Forest Frolickers.\n    By a famed first Friday Fairgoer; contains Memoirs, Anecdotes, Poems,\n    Songs, &c., with the curious Will of Mr. Day, never before printed. A\n    very limited number printed. Tobham, Printed at Charles Clark's Private\n    Press. Fairlop's Friday, 1847.\"\n\nJ. Russell Smith, 30. Soho Square, had several copies on sale some time\nback.\n\nS. WISWOULD.\n\n_Boy Bishop at Eton_ (Vol. v., p. 557.).--The festival of St. Hugh,\n_Bishop_ (_Pontificis_) of Lincoln, was kept on November 17.\n\nFor \"Nihilensis,\" in the \"Consuetudinarium Etonense,\" should be read\n\"Nicolatensis,\" as it stands in a Compatus of Winchester College, of the\ndate 1461: the Boy Bishop assuming his title on St. Nicholas' Day, Dec. 6,\nand then performing his parody of Divine Offices for the first time; St.\nNicholas of Myra being, according to the legend, the patron of children.\n\nIt is singular that, whereas, as in other foundations, the Feast of the\nHoly Innocents was appointed for the mummeries of the Boy Bishop at\nWinchester by the founder, it was forbidden at Eton and King's, although\nthe statutes of the latter were borrowed almost literally from those of\nWykeham. It would therefore appear that there was some local reason for the\nexception.\n\nMACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.\n\n_Plague Stones--Mr. Mompesson_ (Vol. v., p. 571.).--I should be sorry that\nanything inaccurate was recorded in \"N. & Q.\" respecting so eminently\nworthy a person as the Rev. William Mompesson, Rector of Eyam during the\ntime that it was scourged by the plague in 1666, when, out of a population\nof only 330, 259 died of the disorder. Mr. M. himself did not fall a\nvictim, as J. G. C. states; but his wife did, and her tomb remains to this\nday. He was, indeed, an ornament to his sacred profession. He not only\nstood by his flock in the hour of their visitation, but he obtained such an\ninfluence during the panic that they entirely deferred to his judgment, and\nremained, as he advised, within the village. He preached to them on Sundays\nin the open air from a sort of natural pulpit in the rock, now called\nCucklet Church; and he established the water troughs, or _plague stones_,\ninto which the people dropped their money, in payment for the victuals that\nwere brought to them from the surrounding country. When in reward for his\ndevotedness the Deanery of Lincoln was offered him, he generously declined\nit in favour of his friend Dr. Fuller, author of the _Worthies of England_,\nwho thus obtained the appointment. Mr. Mompesson was subsequently presented\nto the living of Eakring in Notts, where he died in 1708.\n\nThere has recently been discovered on the moor near Fullwood, by Sheffield,\na chalybeate spring, which flows into a small covered recess formed of\nashlar stone, and this stands just as it did when the wretched inhabitants\nof Eyam, believing the water to have sanatory virtues, came to drink of it,\nuntil a watch was placed on the spot by the Sheffield people, and they were\ndriven back to their infected homes.\n\nALFRED GATTY.\n\n_Raleigh's Ring_ (Vol. v., p. 538.).--Sir Walter Raleigh's ring, which he\nwore at the time of his execution, is, I believe, in the possession of\nCapt. Edward James Blanckley, of the 6th Foot, now serving at the Cape of\nGood Hope. It is an heirloom in the Blanckley family, of which Captain\nBlanckley is the senior representative, who are directly descended from Sir\nWalter, and have in their possession several interesting relics of their\ngreat ancestor, viz. a curious tea-pot, and a state paper box of iron gilt\nand red velvet.\n\nA DESCENDANT OF SIR WALTER'S.\n\n{622}\n\n_Pandecte, an entire Copy of the Bible_ (Vol. v., p. 557.).--Your\ncorrespondent C. H. has noticed this word; I send you a short account of\nthe Irish MSS. in the Bodleian Library, which I laid some time ago before\nthe Royal Irish Academy, and which is printed in their _Proceedings_, vol.\nv. p. 162. I have there noticed a curious work by Oengus Cele De, or Oengus\nthe Culdee, a writer of the eighth century, in which the word _Pandecte_\n(or, as the Irish scribe spells it, _Pantecte_) is used in the same sense\nas that in which Alcuin employs it, for the _Bibliotheca_, or Bible of St.\nJerome.\n\nI have marked the passage, pp. 9, 10. of the enclosed paper, which if you\nthink it worth while you may insert. But perhaps it may be enough to refer\nyour readers to the above-mentioned volume of the _Proceedings of the Royal\nIrish Academy_.\n\nJAS. H. TODD.\n\nTrin. Coll. Dublin.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\nIf among the writers of the present day there is one whose opinion with\nregard to Robin Hood and the cycle of ballads of which that renowned outlaw\nis the hero would be looked for with anxiety and received with respect, it\nis the Rev. Joseph Hunter, a gentleman in whom are happily combined that\nthorough historical and antiquarian knowledge, and that sound poetic taste\nwhich are required to do justice to so interesting a theme. The\nannouncement, therefore, that the fourth of Mr. Hunter's _Critical and\nHistorical Tracts_ is entitled _The Great Hero of the Ancient Minstrelsy of\nEngland, Robin Hood_. _His Period, real Character, &c., investigated, and\nperhaps ascertained_, will be received with welcome by all who rejoice\n\"that the world was very guilty of such ballads some three ages since,\" and\nwho, loving them and their hero, would fain know something of the history\non which they are founded. Mr. Hunter dissents, and we think rightly, from\ntwo popular and recent theories upon the subject,--the one, that which\nelevates Robin Hood into the chief of a small body of Saxons impatient of\ntheir subjection to the Norman rule; the other, that which reduces him to\none among the \"personages of the early mythology of the Teutonic people.\"\nMr. Hunter, on the other hand, _identifies_ him with one \"Robyn Hood\" who\nentered the service of Edward II. a little before Christmas 1323, and\ncontinued therein somewhat less than a twelvemonth:\n\n \"Alas then said good Robyn,\n    Alas and well a woo,\n  If I dwele longer with the kynge\n    Sorowe wyll me sloo:\"\n\nand the evidence which he adduces in favour of our popular hero having been\none of the _Contrariantes_ of the reign of the Second Edward; and the\ncoincidences which he points out between the minstrel testimony of the\n_Little Geste_ and the testimony of records of different kinds and lying in\ndifferent places, will, we are sure, be read with great interest even by\nthose who may not think that our author has quite succeeded in unmasking\nthe \"Junius\" of those olden times.\n\n_Richmondshire, its Ancient Lords and Edifices: a Concise Guide to the\nLocalities of Interest to the Tourist and Antiquary; with short Notes of\nMemorable Men_, by W. Hylton Longstaffe, is a pleasant, chatty, and amusing\nguide to a beautiful locality, which the author describes as \"the capital\nof a land whose riches of romance are scarcely exceeded by any other in\nEngland, the chosen seat of its own Earls, the Scropes, Fitzhughs,\nMarmions; and those setters up and pullers down of kings, the richest,\nnoblest, and most prudent race of the North, the lordly Nevilles:\" and\nwhich as such may well tempt the tourist and antiquary to visit it during\nthe coming autumn. Those who do will find Mr. Longstaffe's little volume a\npleasant companion.\n\nBOOKS RECEIVED.--The second volume of Charlotte A. Eaton's _Rome in the\nNineteenth Century, containing, a Complete Account of the Ruins of the\nAncient City, the Remains of the Middle Ages, and the Monuments of Modern\nTimes_, which completes this lady's excellent guide to the Eternal\nCity.--The second volume of Miss Thomasina Ross's well-executed translation\nof Humboldt's _Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of\nAmerica during the Years 1799-1804_, is the new volume of Bohn's\n_Scientific Library_.--_The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to\nthe Constitution and Course of Nature; to which are added Two Brief\nDissertations; on Personal Identity, and on the Nature of Virtue; and\nFifteen Sermons_, by Joseph Butler, D.C.L., _late Lord Bishop of\nDurham_.--The new volume of Bohn's _Standard Library_ is deserving of\nespecial mention. It is a reprint of Bishop Halifax's Standard Edition,\nwith the addition of Analytical Introductions, and Notes by a Member of the\nUniversity of Oxford; and we have no doubt will be found a really useful\n_popular_ edition, such as may allure to the careful study of one of the\nbest works in our language those minds which, without such help, might\nshrink from the task.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nMAHON'S ENGLAND, 4 Vols.\n\nSCOTT'S LADY OF THE LAKE.\n\n---- LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL.\n\n---- MARMION.\n\n    The original 4to. editions in boards.\n\nFLANAGAN ON THE ROUND TOWERS OF IRELAND. 4to. 1843.\n\nA NARRATIVE OF THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE DOUGLAS CAUSE. London, Griffin. 8vo.\n1767.\n\nCLARE'S POEMS. Fcap. 8vo. Last edition.\n\nMALLET'S ELVIRA.\n\nMAGNA CHARTA; a Sermon at the Funeral of Lady Farewell, by George Newton.\nLondon, 1661.\n\nCHAUCER'S POEMS. Vol. I. Aldine Edition.\n\nBIBLIA SACRA, Vulg. Edit., cum Commentar. Menochii. Alost and Ghent, 1826.\nVol. I.\n\nBARANTE, DUCS DE BOURGOGNE. Vols. I. and II. 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Edit. Paris.\nLadvocat, 1825.\n\nBIOGRAPHIA AMERICANA, by a Gentleman of Philadelphia.\n\nPOTGIESERI DE CONDITIONE SERVORUM APUD GERMANOS. 8vo. Col. Agrip.\n\nTHE COMEDIES OF SHADWELL may be had on application to the Publisher of \"N.\n& Q.\"\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{623}\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED.--_Optical Phenomenon_--_The Number Seven_--_Exterior\nStoup (several)_--_Etymology of Fetch and Haberdasher_--_Passage in \"As You\nLike It\"_--_The Name Charing_--_Etymology of Camarthen_--_Venit ad\nEuphratem_--_Mexican Literature_--_Surname of Devil_--_Family Likenesses,\n&c._--_Toad Eater_--_Lines on the Crawford Family_--_Algernon\nSydney_--_Monody on Death of Sir John Moore_--_Flanagan on the Round\nTowers_--_Use of Slings by Early Britons_--_Giving the Sack_--_How the\nancient Irish crowned their Kings_--_Papal Seal_--_Plague\nStones_--_Wicliffe, &c._--_Mother Carey's Chickens_--_Cranes in\nStorms_--_Unicorns, &c._\n\nJ. SMYTH (Dublin). _The line referred to_--\n\n \"_Fine_ by degrees, and beautifully less,\"\n\n_is from Prior's_ Henry and Emma. _See, for further illustration of it_,\n\"N. & Q.,\" No. 69., p. 154.\n\nL. H. I. T. _will find much illustration of the oft-quoted passage from\nSterne, \"God tempers the wind,\" in our_ 1st Vol., pp. 211. 236. 325. 357.\n418.\n\nW. Cl._'s Query respecting a remarkable experiment in our next._\n\nLINES ON ENGLISH HISTORY. _We have forwarded to_ AN ENGLISH MOTHER one _of\nthe copies so kindly sent by_ E. C. _One we retain for our own use. The\nlines forwarded by_ SEWARG _are very generally known: not so those inquired\nby_ M\u00c6RIS, _beginning_\n\n \"William and William, and Henry and Stephen,\n  And Henry the Second, to make the first even;\"\n\n_and of which we should be very glad to receive a copy._\n\nB. B. _We shall be very glad to see the_ Iter _to which our Correspondent\nrefers._\n\nH. P. S., _who inquires for the author of_\n\n \"Tempora mutantur,\" &c.,\n\n_is referred to our_ 1st Vol., pp. 234. 419.\n\nS. S. S. _Richard II. inherited the White Hart as a badge from his mother\nJoan, the Fair Maid of Kent. The Red Rose was the badge of Henry IV._\n\nSIRNAMES. _We have forwarded the curious list sent us by_ A.C.M., _and the\nNotes by_ MISS BOCKETT _and_ E. H. A., _to_ MR. LOWER.\n\nERRATA.--Page 477. col. 1. l. 43. and 46. for \"Marco_n_cies,\" read\n\"Marco_u_cies;\" l. 51., for \"Montag_n_\" read \"Montag_u_;\" col. 2 l. 1., for\n\"Robert_i_\" read \"Robert_o_.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n   _Directors._\n  H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.\n  William Cabell, Esq.\n  T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.\n  G. Henry Drew, Esq.\n  William Evans, Esq.\n  William Freeman, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.\n  J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.\n  T. Grissell, Esq.\n  James Hunt, Esq.\n  J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.\n  E. Lucas, Esq.\n  James Lys Seager, Esq.\n  J. Basley White, Esq.\n  Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n   _Trustees._\n  W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.;\n  L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.;\n  George Drew, Esq.\n\n_Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P.\n\n_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n\n_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       \u00a3   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4\n   22       1  18   8\n   27       2   4   5\n   32       2  10   8\n   37       2  18   6\n   42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., OPERATIVE CHEMISTS, 289. STRAND,\nmanufacture all the PURE chemicals used in this art; also Apparatus for the\nGlass, Paper, and Daguerreotype Processes. Achromatic Lens and Camera from\n35s. Instruction in the art.\n\nAgents for \"Archer's Iodised Collodion and Improved Camera,\" which obviates\nthe necessity for a dark room.\n\nElectrotyping in all its branches.\n\nChemical Cabinets for experimental and analytical purposes. Apparatus for\ngold assaying, and instruction therein.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCIGARS OF THE CHOICEST IMPORTATIONS at GREATLY REDUCED PRICES for CASH. The\nFirst Class Brands. \"Ptarga,\" \"Flor Cabana,\" &c., 28s. per pound. British\nCigars from 8s. 6d. per pound. Lord Byron's, 14s. 6d., very fine flavour.\nGenuine Latakia, 10s. 6d. per pound, delicious aroma. Every Description of\nEastern and American Tobaccos. Meerschaum Pipes, Cigar Cases, Stems, Porte\nMonnaies, &c. &c. of the finest qualities, considerably under the Trade\nPrices.\n\nJ. F. VARLEY & CO., Importers.\n\nThe HAVANNAH STORES, 364. Oxford Street, opposite the Princess's Theatre.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMOURNING.--COURT, FAMILY, and COMPLIMENTARY.--The Proprietor of THE LONDON\nGENERAL MOURNING WAREHOUSE begs respectfully to remind families whose\nbereavements compel them to adopt Mourning Attire, that every article of\nthe very best description, requisite for a complete outfit of Mourning, may\nbe had at this Establishment at a moment's notice.\n\nESTIMATES FOR SERVANTS' MOURNING, affording a great saving to families, are\nfurnished; whilst the habitual attendance of experienced assistants\n(including dressmakers and milliners), enables them to suggest or supply\nevery necessary for the occasion, and suited to any grade or condition of\nthe community. WIDOWS' AND FAMILY MOURNING is always kept made up, and a\nnote, descriptive of the Mourning required, will insure its being sent\nforthwith, either in Town or into the Country, and on the most Reasonable\nTerms.\n\nW. C. JAY, 247-249. Regent Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQUEENWOOD COLLEGE, NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, HANTS.\n\n_Principal_--GEORGE EDMONDSON.\n\n_Natural Philosophy._--Dr. John Tyndall, F.R.S., Foreign Member of the\nPhysical Society, Berlin.\n\n_Chemistry._--Dr. H. Debus, late Assistant in the Laboratory of Professor\nBunsen, and Chemical Lecturer in the University of Marburg.\n\n_Classics and History._--Mr. Henry Phelan, T. C. D.\n\n_Modern Languages and Foreign Literature._--Mr. John Haas, from M. de\nFellenberg's Institution, Hofwyl, Switzerland.\n\n_Geodesy._--Mr. Richard P. Wright.\n\n_Painting and Drawing._--Mr. Richard P. Wright.\n\n_English and Elementary Mathematics._--Mr. Henry Taylor, late Pupil of M.\nde Fellenberg.\n\n_Music._--Mr. Cornwall.\n\n_Farm Superintendent._--Mr. Richard Davis--Farm, 800 acres.\n\nTERMS.\n\n  For Pupils under 12 years of age       40l. per ann.\n        \"    from 12 to 16               50      \"\n        \"    above 16                    60      \"\n\nFor further information see Prospectuses, to be had of the Principal.\n\nThe Second Session of 1852 commences on the 29th of July.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiss Agnes Strickland's\n\nNEW SERIES OF\n\nROYAL FEMALE BIOGRAPHIES.\n\nLIVES OF THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND, AND ENGLISH PRINCESSES CONNECTED WITH THE\nREGAL SUCCESSION, in 6 vols., post 8vo., with Portraits and Historical\nVignettes, uniform with \"Lives of the Queens of England,\" by the same\nAuthor. Vols. I. and II. are published, price 10s. 6d. each, containing--\n\nMARGARET TUDOR, Queen of James IV.\n\nMAGDALENE OF FRANCE, First Queen of James V.\n\nMARY of LORRAINE, second Queen of James V., and Mother of Mary Queen of\nScots.\n\nMARGARET DOUGLAS, Countess of Lennox, and Mother of Darnley.\n\nVOL. III. will contain the Life of MARY QUEEN of SCOTS.\n\n    \"Every step in Scotland is historical; the shades of the dead arise on\n    every side; the very rocks breathe. Miss Strickland's talents as a\n    writer, and turn of mind as an individual, in a peculiar manner fit her\n    for painting a historical gallery of the most illustrious or dignified\n    female characters in that land of chivalry and song.\"--_Blackwood's\n    Magazine._\n\n  WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,\n  Edinburgh and London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis day is published, price 8s., in post 8vo. cloth gilt, with numerous\nengravings,\n\nTHE CELT, THE ROMAN, and THE SAXON. A History of the early Inhabitants of\nBritain down to the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity.\nIllustrated by the Ancient Remains brought to light by recent Research. By\nTHOMAS WRIGHT, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.\n\n  ARTHUR HALL, VIRTUE, & CO.,\n  25. Paternoster Row.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO BOOK BUYERS.\n\nJust published, Gratis and Post Free on application,\n\nTHE EXETER BOOK CIRCULAR: being a Catalogue of Second-hand Books of all\nClasses; comprising Theology, Classics, History, Biography, Voyages, and\nTravels, &c. in good condition, and warranted perfect, now offered for sale\nby ADAM HOLDEN, Exeter.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{624}\n\n8vo., price 12s.\n\nA MANUAL OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, from the First to the Twelfth Century\ninclusive. By the Rev. E. S. FOULKES, M.A., fellow and Tutor of Jesus\nCollege, Oxford.\n\nThe main plan of the work has been borrowed from Spanheim, a learned,\nthough certainly not unbiassed, writer of the seventeenth century; the\nmatter compiled from Spondanus and Spanheim, Mosheim and Fleury, Gieseler\nand D\u00f6llinger, and others, who have been used too often to be specified,\nunless when reference to them appeared desirable for the benefit of the\nreader. Yet I believe I have never once trusted to them on a point\ninvolving controversy, without examining their authorities. The one object\nthat I have had before me has been to condense facts, without either\ngarbling or omitting any that should be noticed in a work like the present,\nand to give a fair and impartial view of the whole state of the\ncase.--_Preface._\n\n    \"An epitomist of Church History has a task of no ordinary greatness....\n    He must combine the rich faculties of condensation and analysis, of\n    judgment in the selection of materials, and calmness in the expression\n    of opinions, with that most excellent gift of faith, so especially\n    precious to Church historians, which implies a love for the Catholic\n    cause, a reverence for its saintly champions, an abhorrence of the\n    misdeeds which have defiled it, and a confidence that its 'truth is\n    great, and will prevail.'\n\n    \"And among other qualifications which may justly be attributed to the\n    author of the work before us, this last and highest is particularly\n    observable. He writes in a spirit of manly faith, and is not afraid of\n    facing 'the horrors and uncertainties,' which, to use his own words,\n    are to be found in Church history.\"--_From the Scottish Ecclesiastical\n    Journal, May, 1852._\n\nJOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE HISTORY of the PAINTERS OF ALL NATIONS. Now ready, the First Part of a\nMagnificent Work in Quarto, under the above title, printed on the best\npaper, and produced in the most perfect style of Typography, containing THE\nLIFE OF MURILLO, with a Portrait, and Eight Specimens of his choicest\nWorks, including the \"Conception of the Virgin,\" lately purchased by the\nFrench Government for the sum of 23,440l. This beautiful Work, to the\npreparation of which many years have already been devoted, will comprise\nthe \"Lives of the Greatest Masters\" of the Flemish, Dutch, Italian,\nSpanish, English, French and German Schools, with their Portraits, and\nSpecimens of their most Celebrated Works, from Drawings and Engravings by\nthe first Artists of England and France. The Editorship of the Work has\nbeen confided to MR. M. DIGBY WYATT, Author of \"The Industrial Arts of the\nNineteenth Century,\" &c. &c., whose deep study of the Fine Arts, as well as\nof the connexion which should exist between their culture and industrial\nprogress, will enable him to confer a utilitarian value upon the Work by a\njudicious arrangement of the whole, and the supply of Original Notes and\nContributions.\n\nThe Parts will appear on the First of every Month, at 2s. each; and will be\nsupplied through every Bookseller in Town and Country.\n\nJOHN CASSELL, Ludgate Hill, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIn crown 8vo. with Woodcuts, price 14s. cloth,\n\nTHE GREAT EXHIBITION and LONDON in 1851 review by DR. LARDNER, &c.\n\n    \"An instructive and varied memento of the Great\n    Exhibition.\"--_Spectator._\n\n    \"Dr. Lardner's book is not so much a detailed account of the objects\n    exhibited, or all the facts concerning that remarkable display, as\n    essays on several branches of art illustrated by objects that were in\n    the Exhibition. His work will be long valuable as a record of the\n    progress of knowledge. It has much scientific accuracy without its\n    harshness.\"--_Economist._\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY.\n\nOn Wednesday, June 30, will be published, in 16mo. price 1s.\n\nTHE NATURAL HISTORY of CREATION. By T. LINDLEY KEMP, M.D., Author of\n\"Agricultural Physiology,\" &c.\n\nAlso, on the same day, in 16mo., price 1s.,\n\nBRITTANY and the BIBLE: With remarks on the French People and their\nAffairs. By I. HOPE.\n\n*** The above works will form the 23d and 24th Parts of THE TRAVELLER'S\nLIBRARY.\n\nJust published in this Series,\n\nMrs. JAMESON'S SKETCHES in CANADA and RAMBLES among the RED MEN. Price 2s.\n6d.; or in Two Parts, 1s. each.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNEW EDITION, CORRECTED TO 1852.\n\nJust published, in 1 vol. 8vo. with woodcuts, price 3l. cloth; or 3l. 5s.\nhalf-bound in Russia, with flexible back.\n\nBRANDE'S DICTIONARY of SCIENCE, LITERATURE, and ART: Second Edition,\ncorrected; with a Supplement, containing numerous Additions, together with\nthe chief Scientific Terms, Processes, and Improvements that have come into\ngeneral use since the Publication of the First Edition.\n\n*** The Supplement may be had separately, price 3s. 6d.\n\n    \"Professor BRANDE'S valuable DICTIONARY has reached a Second Edition;\n    and is rendered still more valuable by a Supplement, which extends the\n    original 1,343 pages to nearly a hundred more, in which some of the\n    latest discoveries are very fully treated of. We may cite, for\n    instance, the accounts given of the screw propelling power and the\n    tubular bridges.\"--_Examiner._\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIn 1 vol., medium 8vo., price 14s. cloth,\n\nDR. ROGET'S THESAURUS of ENGLISH WORDS and PHRASES Classified and Arranged\nas to Facilitate the Expression of Ideas and assist in Literary\nComposition.\n\n    \"There cannot be the slightest doubt that, upon the whole, it is one of\n    the most learned as well as one of the most admirable contributions\n    that have been made to philology in this country since the 'Hermes' of\n    Harris, and the 'Diversions of Purley' by Horne Tooke.\"--_Observer._\n\n    \"Dr. Roget's 'Thesaurus' will be found a most useful supplement to our\n    ordinary English dictionaries. Its value will be most recognised by\n    those who are best acquainted with the language, and best practised in\n    its use. The mere arrangement of the groups of words, unaccompanied by\n    definitions, suggests often various ideas associated with the different\n    expressions. In such practical operation as translation from a foreign\n    language, the utility of such a Thesaurus is obvious.\"--_Literary\n    Gazette._\n\n    \"The man who in writing cannot find the fit word to express a thought,\n    may, if it please him, take down Dr. Roget's 'Thesaurus,' look for the\n    class containing any word of similar idea, and there he will find a\n    miscellaneous collection, as complete as the compiler could make it, of\n    words and phrases from which he may employ his tact to pick the\n    syllables that suit him best.... The practical employer of the book\n    will be directed to the object of his search by a full Synopsis of\n    Categories at the beginning, or a very ample alphabetical index of\n    words placed at the end, occupying 170 three-columned pages. The\n    philosophic student of the English language may undoubtedly pick up\n    many ideas from the grouping of our words and vulgarisms here\n    attempted, and attempted with a great deal of success.\"--_Examiner._\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOOK PLATES.--Heraldic Queries answered; Family Arms found, and every\ninformation afforded. Drawing of Arms, 2s. 6d.; Painting ditto, 5s.; Book\nPlate Crest, 5s.; Arms, &c. from 20s.; Crest on Card Plate, and One Hundred\nCards, 8s.; Queries answered for 1s. Saxon, Medi\u00e6val, and Modern Style Book\nPlates. The best Authorities and MS. Books of thirty-five years' practice\nconsulted. Heraldic Stamps for Linen or Books, with reversed Cyphers and\nCrests. Apply, if by letter, enclosing stamps or post-office order, to\nJAMES FRISWELL (Son-in-law to J. Rumley, publisher of \"The Crest Book,\"\n\"Heraldic Illustrations\"), Heraldic Engraver, 12. Brooke Street, Holborn.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFoolscap 8vo. price 6s.\n\nTHE PRACTICAL WORKING of THE CHURCH OF SPAIN. By the Rev. FREDERICK\nMEYRICK, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford.\n\n    \"Pleasant meadows, happy peasants, all holy monks, all holy priests,\n    holy every body. Such charity and such unity, when every man was a\n    Catholic. I once believed in this Utopia myself but when tested by\n    stern facts, it all melts away like dream.\"--_A. Welby Pugin._\n\n    \"The revelations made by such writers as Mr. Meyrick in Spain and Mr.\n    Gladstone in Italy, have at least vindicated for the Church of England\n    a providential and morally defined position, mission, and purpose in\n    the Catholic Church.\"--_Morning Chronicle._\n\n    \"Two valuable works ... to the truthfulness of which we are glad to add\n    our own testimony: one, and the most important, is Mr. Meyrick's\n    'Practical Working of the Church of Spain.' This is the experience--and\n    it is the experience of every Spanish traveller--of a thoughtful\n    person, as to the lamentable results of unchecked Romanism. Here is the\n    solid substantial fact. Spain is divided between ultra-infidelity and\n    what is so closely akin to actual idolatry, that it can only be\n    controversially, not practically, distinguished from it: and over all\n    hangs a lurid cloud of systematic immorality, simply frightful to\n    contemplate. We can offer a direct, and even personal, testimony to all\n    that Mr. Meyrick has to say.\"--_Christian Remembrancer._\n\n    \"I wish to recommend it strongly.\"--_T. K. Arnold's Theological\n    Critic._\n\n    \"Many passing travellers have thrown more or less light upon the state\n    of Romanism and Christianity in Spain, according to their objects and\n    opportunities; but we suspect these 'workings' are the fullest, the\n    most natural, and the most trustworthy, of anything that has appeared\n    upon the subject since the time of Blanco White's\n    Confessions.\"--_Spectator._\n\n    \"This honest exposition of the practical working of Romanism in Spain,\n    of its everyday effects, not its canons and theories, deserves the\n    careful study of all, who, unable to test the question abroad, are\n    dazzled by the distant mirage with which the Vatican mocks many a\n    yearning soul that thirsts after water-brooks pure and\n    full.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\nJOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBlack-letter Rarities and other Curious Books. Four Days' Sale.\n\nPUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by\nAUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on THURSDAY, July 1, and\nthree following days, a Portion of the EARLY-PRINTED ENGLISH BOOKS from the\nLIBRARY of a well-known COLLECTOR, removing from Islington; among them many\nof considerable rarity, some interesting and highly curious English\nPoetical and other Manuscripts of early date, some Autograph Papers and\nMiscellaneous Collections, formerly in the Libraries of the Rev. Joseph\nAmes, F.S.A., the Rev. John Lewis, F.S.A., and Sir Peter Thompson, F.S.A.,\nF.R.S.; also many Interesting and Rare Works relating to America and the\nIndies, &c.\n\nCatalogues will be sent on application (if in the Country, on receipt of\nsix postage stamps).\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n    Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5.\n    New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London;\n    and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish\n    of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No.\n    186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 26, 1852.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 139, June 26, 1852: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":22885}