{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42781/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42781","id":"gutenberg_42781","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42781","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Other","Category: Journalism/Media/Writing","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare indicated by footnotes to the relevant item.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{1}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 166.]\nSATURDAY, JANUARY 1. 1853\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n                                                              Page\n  Our Seventh Volume                                             1\n\n  NOTES:--\n\n  Proclamations of the Society of Antiquaries, and their\n    Value as Historical Evidences, by John Bruce                 3\n\n  Curiosities of Advertising Literature, by Cuthbert Bede        4\n\n  On a Passage in \"King Henry VIII.,\" Act III. Sc. 2., by\n    S. W. Singer                                                 5\n\n  Notes on Bacon's Essays, by P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A.           6\n\n  Latin Poems in connexion with Waterloo, by Lord Braybrooke     6\n\n  Sir Henry Wotton and Milton, by Bolton Corney                  7\n\n  FOLK LORE:--Unlucky to sell Eggs after Sunset--\n    Old Song--Nursery Tale--Legend of Change                     7\n\n  Passage in Hamlet                                              8\n\n  Volcanic Influence on the Weather, by Rev. Wm. S. Hesledon     9\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--Value of MSS.--Robert Hill--English\n    Orthography--Bookselling in Glasgow in 1735--Epitaph\n    on a Sexton                                                  9\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Eustache de Saint Pierre, by Philip S. King                   10\n\n  Devizes, Origin of: a Question for the Heralds, by J. Waylen  11\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Gold Signet Ring--Ecclesia\n    Anglicana--Tangiers: English Army in 1684--Smith--\n    Termination \"-itis\"--Loak Hen--Etymological Traces of the\n    Social Position of our Ancestors--Locke's Writings--\n    Passage in G\u00f6the's \"Faust\"--Schomberg's Epitaph by\n    Swift--The Burial Service said by Heart--Shaw's\n    Staffordshire MSS.--\"Ne'er to these chambers,\" &c.--\n    County History Societies--Hugh Oldham, Bishop of\n    Exeter--The English Domestic Novel--Dr. Young--Bishop\n    Hall's Meditations--Chatterton--Passage in Job--Turner's\n    View of Lambeth Palace--Clarke's Essay on the Usefulness\n    of Mathematical Learning--\"The General Pardon\"              12\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Edward the Confessor's\n    Ring--The Bourbons                                          15\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Emblems                                                       15\n\n  Marriages en Chemise--Mantelkinder--Legitimation, by\n    E. Smirke, &c.                                              17\n\n  Editions of the Prayer-Book prior to 1662, by Archdeacon\n    Cotton                                                      18\n\n  Etymology of Pearl, by Sir J. Emerson Tennant, &c.            18\n\n  \"Martin Drunk,\" by Dr. E. F. Rimbault                         19\n\n  G\u00f6the's Reply to Nicolai                                      19\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Processes upon\n    Paper--Exhibition of Photography at the Society of Arts     20\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Quotation in Locke--Pic-nic--\n    Discovery at Nuneham Regis--Door-head Inscriptions--Cross\n    and Pile--Rhymes upon Places--[Greek: Arnion]--Who was\n    the greatest General?--Beech-trees struck by Lightning--\n    Passage in Tennyson--Inscriptions in Churches--\n    Dutensiana--Early Phonography--Kentish Local Names;\n    Dray--Monument at Modstena--Book-plates--\"World without\n    end,\" &c.                                                   23\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                  28\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                     28\n\n  Advertisements                                                28\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nOUR SEVENTH VOLUME.\n\nWe might, without any offence against truth or modesty, begin our Seventh\nVolume by congratulating ourselves and our Readers on the continued success\nand increasing circulation of our work. As to Truth, our Readers can only\njudge in part, and must take our word for the rest; but they may see enough\nin our pages to lead them to do so. Let them but look at the signatures\nwhich from time to time appear in our columns, and they will see enough to\nprove that we have the sanction of a list of names, high in literary\nreputation, such as it might seem ostentatious to parade in our columns on\nan occasion like the present. We abstain the more readily, because we have\nfelt it our duty to do the thing so frequently and fully in our\nprospectuses. And as to Modesty, can there be any want of it in saying that\nwith such--or perhaps we should say by such--contributors we have produced\na work which the public has found acceptable? With such contributors, and\nothers whom we should be proud to name with them, if they had given names\nwhich we cannot but know, but do not feel authorised to decypher--with such\nhelp, what sort of animal must an editor be who could fail to make a work\nworth reading? In fact, if not our highest praise, it is the plainest proof\nof the value of our publication, that we have done little or nothing except\nto give the reader the greatest possible quantity of matter in a legible\nform, wholly unassisted by graphic ornament or artistic decoration of any\nkind--without even the attraction of politics, scandal, or polemics.\n\nOur pride is that we are useful; and that fact is proved by another to\nwhich it has given rise, namely, that we are favoured with many more\ncontributions than we can possibly find room for; and therefore, instead of\nemploying the occasion which offers for a few words with our Readers, by\nway of introduction to a new Volume, in any protracted remarks on what we\nhave done, we would rather confer with them on the ways and means of doing\nmore.\n\nIn the first place, let us say explicitly that we do not mean by the most\nobvious method of increasing the bulk of our publication. It is quite clear\nthat we {2} could print twice as much on twice as many pages; but this is\nnot what we mean. Those who refer to our earliest Numbers will see \"how we\nare grown,\" and we are perfectly convinced that we are now quite grown\nup--that our quantity (to change the figure) is quite as much as our\ncompany wish to see set on the table at once, and our price quite as\nagreeable as if it were larger; for to enlarge the work without enlarging\nthe price would be quite out of the question.\n\nBut, in the course of what we may now call considerable experience, during\nwhich we have seen the work grow up into the form which it now wears, we\nhave been led to think, that if our friends will allow us to offer a few\nsuggestions (on which some of them may perhaps improve), we may be able,\nwith the same space and cost, to oblige more Correspondents; and not only\nby that means, but by rendering our information more select and valuable,\nincrease the gratification of our Readers.\n\nOur name suggests the idea of a work consisting of two parts; and, with\nregard to the first, we can only offer such obvious remarks as, that the\nmore a writer condenses what he has to say, the less room his communication\nwill occupy in print--and the less room he occupies, the more he will leave\nfor others, &c. These are weighty and important truths, but such as we need\nnot insist on.\n\nBut when we look at the other part, passing under the single name of\n\"QUERIES,\" it becomes obvious that our work, instead of having, as its\ntitle would import, what Sir Thomas Browne calls a \"bicapitous\nconformation,\" does in fact consist of three parts, which must be ranged\nunder three different heads, and dealt with in three different ways. A\nlittle, modest, demure-looking QUERY slips into print, and by the time it\nhas been in print a fortnight, we find that it has a large family of\nREPLIES, who all come about it, and claim a settlement on the ground of\ntheir parentage.\n\nNow, it is on this matter that we think some improvement may be made. We\nwould not on any account diminish our number of QUERIES, and would wish\neven our NOTES to be notes of interrogation as well as information. But\nbetween QUERIES and REPLIES, notwithstanding their family connexion, there\nis an essential difference. In every case the QUERY, in order to its\nanswering the end for which it is proposed, must be public; but in a great\nmany cases the REPLY need not be so. The QUERY may be a very proper and\ncurious one, and interesting in a high degree to the proposer and several\nother persons, but the REPLY to it may involve details not generally\ninteresting.[1] We shall not be thought to discourage such inquiries (while\nwe consider the opportunity which we afford for making them one of the most\nvaluable features of our work) if we illustrate this by suggesting that A.\nwishes for genealogical or family history; B. wants to know what the author\nof such or such a book which he is editing means by such or such a\nreference; C., who is editing another, wants a collation of this or that\nedition; D., who is writing a third book, in order to correct and enrich\nit, wants as many things (and heartily glad should we be to help him to get\nthem) as would occupy half-a-dozen of our Numbers; and so we might go on,\nwere it not quite unnecessary to pursue in detail the illustration of what\nis so plain. Now it has occurred to us, that if Correspondents who wish to\nmake inquiries, the answers to which would obviously be of no general\ninterest, would, with their Query, enclose a stamped envelope, directed in\nany way which they may think proper, it would often be in our power not\nonly to transmit to them answers to their inquiries, but to put them in\ndirect communication with those who could give them further information;\nand who would in many cases communicate with individuals of whose\nrespectability and capacity they were satisfied, more freely than they\nwould through a public channel. We shall be glad to know how far such a\nplan would be approved of. We must add, that it would enable us to make use\nof many REPLIES which it is impossible, under present circumstances, to\ninsert; and we believe that many Answerers would not only be as well\npleased to learn that their REPLIES had been transmitted to the Querist,\nbut that, with a knowledge that they would be so transmitted, they would\nwrite with more freedom and fulness than if they expected the REPLY to be\npublished. One thing only we should bargain for--and, having cut ourselves\noff from all hope of gain by desiring to have the envelopes directed, we\nthink we have a right to ask it--it is, that if in this correspondence, of\nwhich we are the medium, they come to any curious and generally interesting\nresults, they will send them to us, _pro bono publico_.\n\n[Footnote 1: A valued Correspondent, who has strongly urged the adoption of\nthe course which we are now recommending to our Readers, thus illustrates\nhis position:--\n\n\"It seems to be a very good thing to have a medium of genealogical inquiry;\nbut why should all the world be troubled with the answers to a man who\nwrites,--\n\n    'Sir,--I shall be obliged to anybody who can give me a full account of\n    my family.\n\n      JOHN SMITH.'\n\n\"Again, supposing X. Y. wants to borrow some not very common book which one\nhappens to have, I am not going to write (and if I did so write you would\nnot print it), 'If X. Y., as soon as he sees this, will call on the Pump at\nAldgate, he will find my copy of the book tied to the spout, if the charity\nboys have not cribbed it; and he can return it or not, according to his\nconscience, if he has any.\"]\n\n{3}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nPROCLAMATIONS OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, AND THEIR VALUE AS HISTORICAL\nEVIDENCES.\n\nThe work that is now going on at the Society of Antiquaries in reference to\nthe collection of royal proclamations in their library, is one in which not\nmerely the Fellows of that Society, but all historical students, are deeply\ninterested. The Society possesses one of the three known largest\ncollections of these public documents. They were formerly bound up in\nvolumes of several different sizes, intermixed with a variety of fugitive\npublications, such as ballads and broadsides, which formed altogether a\nvery incongruous collection. A short time since it was found that the\nbinding of many of the volumes was very much worn, and that some of the\ndocuments themselves had been considerably torn and damaged. Under these\ncircumstances, Mr. Lemon, of the State Paper Office, offered his services\nto the Council to superintend an entire new arrangement, mounting, binding,\nand calendaring, of the whole series of proclamations. His offer was of\ncourse gratefully accepted, and the work is now in active progress.\n\nThe collection is certainly the most important that is known, and is\nespecially so in the reign of Elizabeth; in reference to which there is no\ncollection at all approaching to it, either in completeness or value. Still\nthere are many proclamations wanting: several of the Fellows of the Society\nhave come forward most liberally to fill up gaps. MR. PAYNE COLLIER led the\nway in a contribution of great value; MR. SALT followed MR. COLLIER with a\nmunificent donation of a whole collection relating to Charles II. and James\nII.; and upon Mr. Lemon's suggestion, and with the joint concurrence of Mr.\nSecretary Walpole and the Keeper of the State Paper Office, an interchange\nof duplicates has been effected between that office and the Society of\nAntiquaries, which has added forty proclamations to the Society's\ncollection.\n\nMy principal reason for addressing you upon this subject is to ask you to\nsuggest to your readers that a similar interchange of duplicates might be\neffected between the Society and any persons who chance to have duplicate\nproclamations in their possession.\n\nIt is of the very highest literary and historical importance that we should\nget together, in some accessible place, a collection of proclamations,\nwhich if not actually complete (a consummation hardly to be expected),\nshall yet approach to completeness. The collection at Somerset House offers\nthe best opportunity for forming such a collection. It is by far the most\nnearly complete in existence, and is strong in that particular part of the\nseries in which other collections are most defective, and in which missing\nproclamations are the most difficult to be supplied. At the Society of\nAntiquaries the collection will be accessible to all literary inquirers,\nand no doubt the Society will publish a proper catalogue, which is already\nin preparation by Mr. Lemon.\n\nIt is obvious that any person who chooses to contribute such stray\nproclamations, or copies of proclamations, as he may chance to have in his\npossession, will be helping forward a really good work, and the possessor\nof duplicates may not only do the same, but may benefit his own collection\nby an interchange.\n\nThe value of proclamations as historical authorities, and especially as\nauthorities for the history of manners, and of our national progress, is\nindisputable. As I write, I have before me the _Booke of Proclamations_ of\nJames I. from 1603 to 1609; and the page lying open affords a striking\nillustration of what I assert. It gives us A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF OUR\nPOST-OFFICE.\n\nImmediately on the accession of James I., the high north road from London\nto Edinburgh was thronged with multitudes of pilgrims hastening to the\nworship of the newly risen sun. Robert Carey became, in the words of\nCowper's enigma, \"the parent of numbers that cannot be told.\" Scotland has\nnever poured into the south more active or more anxious suppliants than\nthen traversed the northward road through Berwick. All ordinary\naccommodation soon fell short of the demand. Messengers riding post from\nthe council to the king were stayed on the road for want of the ordinary\nsupply of post-horses, all which were taken up by lords and gentry--rushing\nnorthward in the fury of their new-born loyalty. As a remedy for these\ninconveniences, the lords of the council issued a proclamation, calling\nupon all magistrates to aid the postmasters \"in this time so full of\nbusiness,\" by seeing that they are supplied with \"fresh and able horses as\nnecessitie shall require.\" Of course the supply was merely of horses.\nTravellers could not in those days obtain carriages of any kind. The horses\nwere directed to be \"able and sufficient horses, and well furnished of\nsaddles, bridles, girts and stirropes, with good guides to looke to them;\nwho for their said horses shall demand and receive of such as shall ride on\nthem, the prices accustomed.\"\n\nThe new state of things became permanent. London, after James's removal\nfrom Edinburgh, being really the seat of government for the whole island,\nthe intercourse both ways was continuous, and further general orders for\nits management were published by proclamation. There were at that time, on\nall the high roads through the country, two sorts of posts:--1. Special\nmessengers or couriers who rode \"thorough post,\" that is, themselves rode\nthrough the whole distance, \"with horn and guide.\" Such persons carried\nwith them an authentication of their employment in the {4} public service.\nIn 1603, they were charged \"two-pence halfe-peny the mile\" (raised in 1609\nto threepence) for the hire of each horse, \"besides the guide's groats.\"\nThe hire was to be paid beforehand. They were not to ride the horses more\nthan one stage, except with the consent of \"the post of the stage\" at which\nthey did not change. Nor were they to charge the horse \"with any male or\nburden (besides his rider) that exceedeth the weight of thirtye pounds.\"\nNor to ride more than seven miles an hour in summer or six in winter. 2.\nThe other sort of post was what was termed the \"post for the packet.\" For\nthis service every postmaster was bound to keep horses ready; and on\nreceipt of a \"packet\" or parcel containing letters, he was to send it on\ntowards the next stage within a quarter of an hour after its arrival,\nentering the transaction in \"a large and faire ledger paper book.\" Two\nhorses were to be kept constantly ready for this service, \"with furniture\nconvenient,\" and messengers \"at hand in areadinesse.\" The postmaster was\nalso to have ready \"two bags of leather, at the least, well lined with\nbayes or cotton, to carry the packet in.\" He was also to have ready \"hornes\nto sound and blow, as oft as the post meets company, or foure times in\nevery mile.\"\n\nThe \"post for the packet\" was at first used only for the carriage of\ndespatches for the government or for ambassadors, but a similar mode of\nconveyance soon began to be taken advantage of by merchants and private\npersons. Difficulty in obtaining posts and horses for the conveyance of\nprivate packets, led to the interference of \"certain persons called\nhackney-men, tapsters, hostlers, and others, in hiring out their horses, to\nthe hinderance of publique service, danger to our state, and wrong to our\nstanding and settled postes in their several stages.\" The government of\nJames I. thought, in its blindness, that it could put a stop to the\ndangerous practice of transmitting unofficial letters, by rendering it\npenal for private persons to carry them; that of Charles I., wiser, in this\nrespect, in its generation, settled a scheme for their general conveyance\nthrough the medium of \"a letter office.\" But the \"post for the packet,\"\nwith his leathern bag and his twanging horn (the origin, of course, of our\nmail-coach horn), continued down to a late period, and probably still\nlingers in some parts of the kingdom. Cowper, it will be remembered,\ndescribes him admirably.\n\nJOHN BRUCE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCURIOSITIES OF ADVERTISING LITERATURE.\n\nWe are all well acquainted with the ingenious artifices by which modern\nadvertisers thrust their wares upon the attention of newspaper readers. We\nmay, perhaps, have been betrayed into the expression of come rude Saxon\nexpletive, when, in the columns devoted to news and general information, we\nhave in our innocence been tempted with a paragraph that commenced with \"a\nclever saying of the illustrious Voltaire's,\" and dovetailed into a\npanegyric of Messrs. Aaron and Son's Reversible Paletots; or we may have\napplauded the clever logician who so clearly demonstrates, that as\nNapoleon's bilious affection frequently clouded his judgment in times of\ngreatest need, the events of the present century, and the fate of nations,\nwould have been reversed, had that great man only been persuaded to take\ntwo boxes of Snooks's Aperient Pill, price 1s. 1\u00bdd., with the Government\nstamp on a red ground (see Advt.). All these things we know very well; but,\nof the fugitive literature that does not find a place in the advertising\ncolumns of _The Times_, but flashes into Fame only in the pages of some\nlocal oracle, or in some obscurer broad-sheet, how often must it remain\nunappreciated, and doomed to \"waste its sweetness on the desert air.\" That\nthis may not be said of the following burst of advertising eloquence, I\ntrust it may be found worthy a niche in the temple of \"N. & Q.\" In its\ncomposition the author was probably inspired by the grand scenery of the\nCheviots, in a village near to which his shop was situate. It was one of\nthose \"generally-useful\" shops where the grocer and draper held equal\nreign, and anything could be got, from silks and satins to butter and Bath\nbricks. The composition was printed and distributed among the neighbouring\nfamilies; but shortly after, when the author heard that it had not produced\nthe exact effect he had wished, he, with the irritability that often\naccompanies genius, resolved to get back and destroy every copy of his\nproduction, and deny to the world that which it could not appreciate.\nFortunately for the world's welfare, I preserved a copy of his hand-bill,\nof which this, in its turn, is a faithful transcript:\n\n    \"_To the Inhabitants of G. and its neighbourhood._\n\n    \"The present age is teeming with advantages which no preceding Era in\n    the history of mankind has afforded to the human family. New schemes\n    are projecting to enlighten and extend civilisation, Railways have been\n    projected and carried out by an enterprising and spirited nation, while\n    Science in its gigantic power (simple yet sublime) affords to the\n    humane mind so many facilities to explore its rich resources, the\n    Seasons roll on in their usual course producing light and heat, the\n    vivifying rays of the Sun, and the fructifying influences of nature\n    producing food and happiness to the Sons of Toil; while to the people\n    of G. and its neighbourhood a rich and extensive variety of Fashionable\n    Goods is to be found in my Warehouse, which have just been selected\n    with the greatest care. The earliest visit is requested to convey to\n    the mind an adequate idea of the great extent of his purchases,\n    comprising as it does all that is elegant and useful, cheap and\n    substantial, to the light-hearted votaries of Matrimony, the Matrons of\n    Reflection, the Man of Industry, and the disconsolate Victims of\n    Bereavement.\n\n    J-- M--.\"\n\n{5}\n\nThe peroration certainly exhibits what Mrs. Malaprop calls \"a nice\nderangement of epitaphs:\" and, us for the rest, surely \"the force of\"\nbathos \"could no further go.\"\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON A PASSAGE IN \"KING HENRY VIII.,\" ACT III. SC. 2.\n\nOne of the most desperately unintelligible passages in Shakspeare occurs in\nthis play, in the scene between the King and the Cardinal, when the latter\nprofesses his devoted attachment to his service. It stands thus in the\nfirst folio:\n\n   _Car._ \"I do professe\n  That for your Highnesse good, I euer labour'd\n  More then mine owne: that am, haue, and will be\n  (Though all the world should cracke their duty to you,\n  And throw it from their Soule, though perils did\n  Abound, as thicke as thought could make 'em, and\n  Appeare in formes more horrid) yet my Duty,\n  As doth a Rocke against the chiding Flood,\n  Should the approach of this wilde Riuer breake,\n  And stand vnshaken yours.\"\n\nUpon this Mason observes:\n\n    \"I can find no meaning in these words (that am, have, and will be), or\n    see how they are connected with the rest of the sentence; and should\n    therefore strike them out.\"\n\nMalone says:\n\n    \"I suppose the meaning is, '_that_ or _such a man_, I am, have _been_,\n    and will _ever_ be.' Our author has many hard and forced expressions in\n    his plays; but many of the hardnesses in the piece before us appear to\n    me of a different colour from those of Shakspeare. Perhaps however, a\n    line following has been lost; for in the old copy there is no stop at\n    the end of this line; and, indeed, I have some doubt whether a comma\n    ought not to be placed at it, rather than a fullpoint.\"\n\nMr. Knight, however, places a fullpoint at _will be_, and says:\n\n    \"There is certainly some corruption in this passage; for no ellipsis\n    can have taken this very obscure form. Z. Jackson suggests 'that _aim\n    has_ and will be.' This is very harsh. We might read 'That _aim_ I have\n    and will,' _will_ being a noun.\"\n\nMr. Collier has the following note:\n\n    \"In this place we can do no more than reprint exactly the old text,\n    with the old punctuation; as if Wolsey, following 'that am, have, and\n    will be' by a long parenthesis, had forgotten how he commenced his\n    sentence. Something may have been lost, which would have completed the\n    meaning and the instances have not been infrequent where lines,\n    necessary to the sense, have been recovered from the quarto\n    impressions. Here we have no quarto impressions to resort to, and the\n    later folios afford us no assistance, as they reprint the passage as it\n    stands in the folio 1628, excepting that the two latest end the\n    parenthesis at 'break.'\"\n\nI cannot think that the poet would have put a short speech into Wolsey's\nmouth, making him forget how he commenced it! Nor do I believe that\nanything has been lost, except the slender letter _I_ preceding _am_. The\nprinter or transcriber made the easy mistake of taking the word _true_ for\n_haue_, which as written of old would readily occur, and having thus\nconfused the passage, had recourse to the unconscionable long mark of a\nparenthesis. The passage undoubtedly should stand thus:\n\n   _Car._ \"I do profess\n  That for your highness' good I ever labour'd\n  More than mine own; that _I_ am _true_, and will be\n  Though all the world should _lack_ their duty to you,\n  And throw it from their soul: though perils did\n  Abound, as thick as thought could make them, and\n  Appear in forms more horrid; yet my duty\n  (As doth a rock against the chiding flood,)\n  Should the approach of this wild river break,\n  And stand unshaken yours.\"\n\nHere all is congruous and clear. This slight correction of a palpable\nprinter's error redeems a fine passage hitherto entirely unintelligible. I\ndo not insist upon the correction in the fourth line of _lack_ for _crack_,\nyet what can be meant by _cracking a duty_? The duke, in the _Two Gentlemen\nof Verona_, speaks of his daughter as \"_lacking_ duty;\" and seeing how very\nnegligently the whole passage has been given in the folio, I think there is\ngood ground for its reception. With regard to the correction in the second\nline, I feel confident, and doubt not that it will have the approbation of\nall who, like myself, feel assured that most of the difficulties in the\ntext of our great poet are attributable to careless printer or transcriber.\n\nWhen I proposed (Vol. vi., p. 468.) to read \"_rail_ at once,\" instead of\n\"_all_ at once,\" in _As You Like It_, Act III. Sc. 5., I thought the\nconjecture my own, having then only access to the editions of Mr. Collier\nand Mr. Knight; I consequently said, \"It is somewhat singular that the\npassage should hitherto have passed unquestioned.\" My surprise was\ntherefore great, on turning to the passage in the _Variorum Shakspeare_, to\nfind the following note by Warburton, which had escaped my notice:\n\n    \"If the speaker intended to accuse the person spoken to only for\n    _insulting_ and exulting, then, instead of '_all_ at once,' it ought to\n    have been _both_ at once. But, examining the crime of the person\n    accused, we shall discover that the line is to be read thus:\n\n     'That you insult, exult, and _rail_ at once,'\n\n    for these three things Phoebe was guilty of. But the Oxford editor\n    improves it, and, for _rail_ at once, reads _domineer_.\"\n\nI have no recollection of having ever read the note before, and certainly\nwas not conscious of it. The coincidence, therefore, may be considered (as\nMr. Collier observed in respect to the reading of _palpable_ for _capable_)\nas much in favour of this conjecture. {6}\n\nThat the most careful printers can _misread_, and consequently _misprint_,\ncopy, is evident from the following error in my last Note:--Vol. vi., p.\n584., col. 1, for \"in the edition which I gave of the _part_,\" read\n\"_poet_.\" This mistake, like most of those I have indicated in the first\nfolio Shakspeare, might easily occur if the word was indistinctly written.\n\nS. W. SINGER.\n\nMickleham.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTES ON BACON'S ESSAYS.\n\nAs I find that the editor of _Bacon's Essays_ for Bohn's _Standard Library_\nhas not verified the quotations, I venture to send you a few \"N. & Q.\" on\nthem, which I hope to continue from time to time, if they prove acceptable.\nIn compliance with the recommendation of MR. SYDNEY SMIRKE and the REV. H.\nT. ELLACOMBE (Vol. vi., p. 558.), I append my name and address.\n\nN.B. The paging and notes of Bohn's edition are followed throughout.\n\n    Preface, p. xiii. note *. \"Speech on the Impeachment of Warren\n    Hastings.\" See Burke's _Works_, vol. viii. p. 15. [ed. 1827.] Speech on\n    the first day of reply.\n\n    Ditto, p. xv. Letter to Father Fulgentio. See Montagu's _Bacon_, vol.\n    xi. pref., p. vii.; vol. xii. p. 205.\n\n    Ditto, ditto. _Spenser's Faery Queene, &c._ See preface to Moxon's\n    _Spenser_ (1850), p. xxix., where this story is refuted, and Montagu,\n    xvi., note _x_.\n\n    Ditto, p. xvi. \"It was like another man's fair ground,\" &c. See\n    Montagu, xvi. p. xxvii.\n\n    Ditto, ditto. \"I shall die,\" &c. Ditto, xxxiv. and note _ww_.\n\n    Ditto, p. xvii. note +. Dugald Stewart. Supplement to _Encycl. Brit._,\n    vol. i. p. 54. [ed. 1824.]\n\n    Ditto, ditto. H_a_tton, not H_u_tton, as in _Eliza Cook's Journal_, vi.\n    235.\n\n    Ditto, ditto. Love an ignoble passion. Essay x. _ad init._\n\n    Ditto, p. xviii. \"Says Macaulay.\" Review of B. Montagu's _Bacon\n    Essays_, p. 355. [ed. 1851.]\n\n    Ditto, ditto. A pamphlet. Montagu, vi. 299.\n\n    Ditto, p. xix. \"A place in the Canticles.\" Cap. ii. 1. Bacon quotes,\n    from memory it would appear, from the Vulgate, which has \"Ego flos\n    campi.\" By whom is the observation? See, for the story, Montagu, xvi.\n    p. xcviii.\n\n    Ditto, ditto. \"Books were announced.\" What?\n\n    Ditto, p. xx. \"C\u00e6sar's compliment to Cicero.\" Where recorded?\n\n    Ditto, p. xxi. \"The manufacture of particular articles of trade.\"\n    Montagu, xvi. 306.\n\n    Ditto, p. xxii. \"Says Macaulay.\" _Ut supra_, p. 407.\n\n    Ditto, ditto. Ben Jonson. See Underwood's, lxix. lxxviii. [pp. 711,\n    713. ed. Moxon, 1851.]\n\n    Ditto, p. xxv. Marcus Lucius. Who is here alluded to?\n\n    Ditto, p. xxvii. \"Which strangely parodies.\" The opening alluded to is\n    \"Franciscus de Verulam sic cogitavit.\"\n\n    Ditto, p. xxviii. \"One solitary line.\" Where is this to be found?\n\n    Ditto, ditto. \"Ben Jonson after sketching.\" See _Discoveries_, p. 749.\n    _ut sup._\n\n    Ditto, p. xxix. \"Might have censured with Hume.\" Where?\n\n    Ditto, ditto. \"Hobbes.\" Where does he praise Bacon?\n\n    Ditto, ditto. \"Bayle.\" In Bayle's _Dictionary_ [English edition, 1710],\n    _s. v._, we find but fourteen lines on Bacon.\n\n    Ditto, ditto. \"Tacitus.\" _Vit. Agric._, cap. 44.\n\n    Ditto, p. xxxiii. note. Solomon's House. See p. 296. _seqq._ of the\n    vol. of the _Standard Library_.\n\n    Ditto, p. xxxiv. note. Paterculus, i. 17. 6. [Burmann.]\n\n(_To be continued._)\n\nP. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.\n\n26. Hill's Road, Cambridge.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLATIN POEMS IN CONNEXION WITH WATERLOO.\n\nI send you two copies of Latin verses which have not, to my knowledge,\nappeared in print. They are however interesting, from the coincidence of\ntheir both relating to _elm-trees_, and in some measure belonging to the\n\"Story of Waterloo,\" about which we never can hear too much. The lines\nthemselves possess considerable merit; and, as their authors were\nrespectively distinguished alumni of Eton and Winchester, I hope to see\nboth compositions placed in juxtaposition in the columns of \"N. & Q.\"\n\nThe first of these productions was written by Marquis Wellesley, as an\ninscription for a chair carved from the _Wellington Elm_ (which stood near\nthe centre of the British lines on the field of Waterloo), and presented to\nhis Majesty King George IV., to whom the lines were addressed:\n\n  Ampla inter spolia, et magni decora alta triumphi,\n    _Ulmus_ erit fastis commemoranda tuis,\n  Quam super exoriens faust\u00e2 tibi gloria penn\u00e2\n    Palmam oleamque uno detulit alma die;\n  Immortale decus maneat, fam\u00e2que perenni\n    Felicique geras sceptra paterna manu;\n  Et tua victrices dum cingunt tempora lauri,\n    Materies solio digna sit ista tuo.\n\nFor the other verses subjoined, we are indebted to the late Rev. William\nCrowe, Fellow of New College, Oxford, and many years public orator in that\nuniversity. It seems that he had planted _an elm_ at his parsonage, on the\nbirth of his son, afterwards killed at Waterloo, which sad event was {7}\ncommemorated by his afflicted father in the following touching monody,\n_affixed to the same tree_:\n\n  _Hanc_ Ego quam felix annis melioribus _Ulmum_\n  Ipse manu sevi, tibi dilectissime Fili\n  Consecro in \u00e6ternum, Gulielme vocabitur Arbos\n  H\u00e6c tua, servabitque tuum per secula nomen.\n  Te generose Puer nil muneris hujus egentem\n  Te jam perfunctum vit\u00e6 bellique labore,\n  Adscripsit Deus, et coelestibus intulit oris,\n  Me tamen afflictum, me consolabitur \u00e6grum\n  Hoc tibi quod pono, quanquam leve pignus amoris,\n  Hic Ego de vit\u00e2 meditans, de sorte futur\u00e2,\n  S\u00e6pe tuam recolam formam, dulcemque loquelam,\n  Verbaque tam puro et sacrato fonte profecta,\n  Quam festiva quidem, et facili condita lepore.\n  At Te, qui nostris quicunque accesseris hospes\n  Sedibus, unum oro, moesti reverere Parentis,\n  Nec tu sperne preces quas h\u00e2c super Arbore fundo.\n  Sit tibi non invisa, sit inviolata securi,\n  Et quantum natura sinet, crescat monumentum\n  Egregii Juvenis, qui s\u00e6vo est Marte peremptus,\n  Fortiter ob patriam pugnando, sic tibi constans\n  Stet fortuna dom\u00fbs, sit nulli obnoxia damno,\n  Nec videas unquam dilecti funera nati.\n\nBRAYBROOKE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSIR HENRY WOTTON AND MILTON.\n\nThe letter which sir Henry Wotton addressed to Milton, on receiving the\n_Maske presented at Ludlow-castle_, appears to admit of an interpretation\nwhich has escaped the numerous editors of the works of Milton; and I\nresolve to put this novel conjecture on its trial in the critical court of\nfacts and inferences held at No. 186. Fleet Street.\n\nSir Henry Wotton thus expresses himself on the circumstance which I\nconceive to have been misinterpreted:\n\n    \"For the work itself [a dainty piece of entertainment, by Milton] I had\n    viewed some good while before with singular delight, having received it\n    from our common friend Mr. R. in the very close of the late R.'s\n    _Poems_, printed at Oxford; whereunto [it] is added (as I now suppose)\n    that the accessory might help out the principal, according to the art\n    of stationers, and to leave the reader _con la bocca\n    dolce_.\"--_Reliqui\u00e6 Wottonian\u00e6_, 1672.\n\nIn the poems of Milton, as edited by himself in 1645, the date of this\nletter is \"13th April, 1638;\" and as the _Poems_ of \"Thomas Randolph,\nmaster of arts, and late fellow of Trinity colledge in Cambridge,\" were\nprinted at Oxford in that year, in small quarto, it may be assumed that the\ngift of _Mr. R._ was a copy of that volume, with the addition of the\n_Maske_, as printed in the same size in 1637. Such was the conclusion of\nWarton, and such is mine. The question at issue is, Who was _Mr. R._?\nWarton says, \"I believe _Mr. R._ to be John Rouse,\" the keeper of the\nBodleian library. Is it not more probable that _Mr. R._ means Robert\nRandolph, master of arts, and student of Christchurch--a younger brother of\nThomas Randolph, and the editor of his poems?\n\nI must first dispose of the assertion that the friendship between Rouse and\nMilton \"appears to have subsisted in 1637.\" There is no evidence of their\nfriendship till 1647; and that evidence is the ode to Rouse, to which this\naddress is prefixed: \"Jan. 23. 1646. Ad Joannem Rousium, Oxoniensis\nacademi\u00e6 bibliothecarium. De libro poematum amisso, _quem ille sibi denuo\nmitti postulabat_, ut cum aliis nostris in bibliotheca publica reponeret,\node.\" It seems that Milton did not send the volume of 1645 till a copy of\nit had been requested; no evidence, certainly, of old friendship! I admit\nthe probability that Wotton and Rouse were friends; but why should Rouse\n_officiously stitch up_, as Warton expresses it, the _Mask_ of Milton with\nthe _Poems_ of Thomas Randolph, and present the volume to Wotton? Did he\ngive away that which is still wanting in the Bodleian library?\n\nAdmit my novel conjecture, and all the difficulties vanish. Thomas\nRandolph, says Phillips, was \"one of the most pregnant young wits of his\ntime;\" and Robert, who was also noted as a poet, could scarcely fail to\noffer the poems of his brother to so eminent a person as sir Henry Wotton.\nAs sir Henry _yearly went to Oxford_, he may have made acquaintance with\nRobert; and Robert may have been introduced to Milton by Thomas, who was\nfor eight years his cotemporary at Cambridge, and in the enjoyment of much\nmore celebrity. The _Maske_ may have been added as an experiment in\ncriticism.\n\nThe rev. Thomas Warton was a man of extensive reading, an excellent critic,\nand a fascinating writer--but too often inattentive to accuracy of\nstatement. He says that Randolph _died_ the 17th March, 1634: Wood says he\nwas _buried_ the 17th March, 1634. He says it is so stated on his monument:\nthe monument has no date. He says the _Poems_ of Randolph contain 114\npages: the volume contains 368 pages! He says the _Maske_ is a slight\nquarto of 30 pages only; it contains 40 pages! Is it not fit that such\ncarelessness should be exposed?\n\nBOLTON CORNEY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Unlucky to sell eggs after Sunset._--The following paragraph is extracted\nfrom the _Stamford Mercury_ of October 29, 1852:\n\n    \"There exists a species of superstition in north Nottinghamshire\n    against letting eggs go out of a house after sunset. The other day a\n    person in want of some eggs called at a farm-house in East Markham, and\n    inquired of the good woman of the house whether she had any eggs to\n    sell, to which she replied that she had a few scores to dispose of.\n    'Then I'll take them home {8} with me in the cart,' was his answer; to\n    which she somewhat indignantly replied, 'That you'll not; don't you\n    know the sun has gone down? You are welcome to the eggs at a proper\n    hour of the day; but I would not let them go out of the house after the\n    sun is set on any consideration whatever!'\"\n\nDRAUFIELD.\n\n_Old Song._--\n\n  My father gave me an acre of land,\n            Sing ivy, sing ivy.\n  My father gave me an acre of land,\n            Sing green bush, holly, and ivy.\n  I plough'd it with a ram's horn,\n            Sing ivy, &c.\n  I harrow'd it with a bramble,\n            Sing ivy, &c.\n  I sow'd it with a peppercorn,\n            Sing ivy, &c.\n  I reap'd it with my penknife,\n            Sing ivy, &c.\n  I carried it to the mill upon the cat's back,\n            Sing ivy, &c.\n\nThen follows some more which I forget, but I think it ends thus:\n\n  I made a cake for all the king's men,\n            Sing ivy, sing ivy.\n  I made a cake for all the king's men,\n            Sing green bush, holly, and ivy.\n\nD.\n\n_Nursery Tale._-- I saddled my sow with a sieve full of buttermilk, put my\nfoot into the stirrup, and leaped nine miles beyond the moon into the land\nof temperance, where there was nothing but hammers and hatchets and\ncandlesticks, and there lay bleeding Old Noles. I let him lie, and sent for\nOld Hippernoles, and asked him if he could grind green steel nine times\nfiner than wheat flour. He said he could not. Gregory's wife was up in the\npear-tree gathering nine corns of buttered peas to pay Saint James' rent.\nSaint James was in the meadow mowing oat cakes; he heard a noise, hung his\nscythe at his heels, stumbled at the battledore, tumbled over the barn-door\nridge, and broke his shins against a bag of moonshine that stood behind the\nstairsfoot door, and if that isn't true you know as well as I.\n\nD.\n\n_Legend of Change._--In one of the Magazines for November, a legend, stated\nto be of oriental origin, is given, in which an immortal, visiting at\ndistant intervals the same spot, finds it occupied by a city, an ocean, a\nforest, and a city again: the mortals whom he found there, on each\noccasion, believing that the present state had existed for ever. I have\nseen in the newspapers, at different times, a poem (or I rather think two\npoems) founded on this legend; and I should like to know the author or\nauthors, and whether it, or either of them, is to be found in any\ncollection of poems.\n\nD. X.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPASSAGE IN HAMLET.\n\n \"Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin,\n  Unhousell'd, disappointed, unaneld'd.\"\n                  _Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 5.\n\nBoucher, in his _Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words_ (art. ANYEAL),\nhas a note on this passage which seems to me to give so much better an idea\nof the word _disappointed_ than any I have met with, that I am induced to\nsend it you as a Note:--\n\n    \"The last two words have occasioned considerable difficulty to the\n    critics. The old copies, it is said, concur in giving _disappointed_,\n    which Dr. Johnson is willing to understand as meaning _unprepared_; a\n    sense that might very well suit the context, but will not be easily\n    confirmed by any other instance of the use of the word _disappointed_.\n    Dissatisfied, therefore, with this interpretation, some have read\n    _unanointed_, and some _unappointed_. Not approving of either of these\n    words, as connected with _unanealed_, Pope, no timid corrector of\n    texts, reads _unaneld_, which he supposes to signify _unknelled_, or\n    the having no knell rung. To these emendations and interpretations Mr.\n    Theobald, whose merit as a commentator of Shakspeare Mr. Pope, with all\n    his wit and all his poetry, could not bring into dispute, urged many\n    strong objections. Skinner rightly explains _anealed_ as meaning\n    _unctus_; from the Teutonic preposition _an_, and _ele_, oil. As\n    correction of the second word is admitted by all the commentators to be\n    necessary, it is suggested that a clear and consistent meaning,\n    consonant with Shakspeare's manner, will be given to the passage, if,\n    instead of _disappointed_, _unassoiled_, which signifies 'without\n    absolution,' be substituted.\n\n    \"The line--\n\n     'Unhousell'd, unassoil'd, unaneal'd,'\n\n    will then signify 'without receiving the sacrament: without confession\n    and absolution: and without extreme unction.'\n\n    \"The _unassoiled_ was no less proper, will appear from due attention to\n    the word _assoile_, which of course is derived from _absolvo_; and the\n    transition from _absolve_ into _assoyle_ is demonstrated in the\n    following passage from Piers Plowman, Vision, p. 3.:\n\n     'There preached a pardoner, as he a priest were,\n      Brought forth a bul, with many a bishop's seales,\n      And saide, that himself might absoyle hem alle,\n      Of falshode, of fasting, and of vowes broken.'\n\n    As a further confirmation of the propriety of substituting a word\n    signifying _absolution_, which pre-supposes confession, the following\n    sentence from _Prince Arthur_ may be adduced: 'She was confessed and\n    houselled, and then she died,' part ii. p. 108.\n\n    \"It must be allowed that no instance can be given of the word\n    _unassoiled_: but neither does any other instance occur to me of the\n    word _unhouseled_ except the line in _Hamlet_.\"\n\nB. J. S.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{9}\n\nVOLCANIC INFLUENCE ON THE WEATHER.\n\nThe recent observations of your correspondent MR. NOAKE (Vol. vi., p. 531.)\non the superstitions of the people of Worcestershire regarding the weather,\nhave called my attention to the present extraordinary wet season, on which\nsubject I have been asked many questions. Although I do not account myself\nany more weatherwise than my neighbours, yet I may note that, for many\nyears past, I have remarked that whenever we have had any very serious\nvolcanic disturbance in the Mediterranean or its neighbourhood, or at Mount\nHecla, we have always had some corresponding atmospheric agitation in this\ncountry, either in excessive heat or moisture, or both, and accompanied\nwith very perceptible vibrations, at times so strong as to answer the name\nof earthquakes; and these vibrating so generally in the direction from\nnorth-west to south-east, I have been convinced that underneath us there is\na regular steam passage from Mount Hecla in Iceland to Mount Vesuvius in\nItaly. I have unfortunately mislaid my memoranda on this subject, and have\nno regular roster of these occasional visitations to refer to, but I think\nmy attention to this effect was first impressed on me by the season which\nfollowed the destruction at Lisbon in 1796. I recollect a friend of mine,\nthe late Mr. Empson, of Bouley, while attending some drainage improvements\nin his carrs within the Level of Ancholme, was aroused by an extraordinary\nnoise, which he thought was occasioned by some \"drunken fools,\" as he\ncalled them, racing with their waggons upon the turnpike road above the\nhill, which was two miles off from where he then was in the carrs. His\nuphill shepherd, however, told him, when he got home, that there had been\nno such occurrence as he supposed on the turnpike, as, had such been the\ncase, he must have heard and seen it. The next day, however, added fresh\ninformation, and better observers discovered that the noise heard across\nthe carrs was underground; and further intelligence confirmed the suspicion\nthat it was occasioned by a species of earthquake that had been felt at\ndifferent places with different intensities, through Yorkshire and\nLancashire, and amongst the islands west of Scotland; and afterwards came\nthe same kind of intelligence across France, confirming me in my\nconclusions before noted. And ever since this period of 1796 we have never\nhad any extraordinary alternation of extreme heat or wet, without its being\nto me the result of some accompanying volcanic agitation in Mount Hecla, or\nMount Vesuvius or its neighbourhood; and the recurrence of the violent\nebullition that has this year being going on at Mount Etna may therefore be\nconsidered as the electric cause not only of the extraordinary heat of our\nlate summer, but also of the floods that have subsequently poured down upon\nus. It is only of late years that scientific men have paid due attention to\nthese physical phenomena. Sir Humphrey Davy, I think, was the first who\nlaid down their causes; and if we recollect the account given by Sir\nStamford Raffles of the appalling effects of the tremendous explosion of\nTombora, in Sambowa, one of the islands east of Java, in the year 1815,\ndescribed as so violent in its immediate neighbourhood as to cause men, and\nhorses, and trees to be taken up into the air like chaff; and of its\neffects being perceptible in Sumatra, where, nearly at a thousand miles\ndistance from it, they heard its thundering noisy explosions,--thinking of\nthis, we may well accede the comparatively small vibrations that we\noccasionally feel, as arising from the interchange of civilities passing\nbetween our volcanic neighbours Hecla and Vesuvius, or Etna; and glad we\nmay be that we have them in no more inconvenient shape or degree than we\nhave hitherto experienced them. I have some friends in Lancashire who have\nbeen a good deal alarmed by the vibrations they have lately experienced;\nand I must confess that my good wife and myself were, on the morning of the\n10th Dec., not a little startled in our bed by a shock that aroused us\nearly to inquire after the cause of it, but for which we cannot account\notherwise than that, from its sudden electric character, the Lancashire\nvibration had reached us. The chief purport, however, of my present\ncommunication is, to make inquiry amongst your readers, whether any of\nthem, like myself, have observed and experienced any recurrence of these\nconcomitant and physical obtrusions.\n\nWM. S. HESLEDON.\n\nBarton upon Humber.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Value of MSS._--In the cause of Calvert _v._ Sebright, a question arose as\nto the sale of a collection of manuscript books by the late Sir John\nSebright in the year 1807. In aid of the inquiry before the Master, as to\nthe difference in value of the manuscripts in 1807 and the year 1849, Mr.\nRodd made an affidavit, from which I have made the following extract,\nshowing the prices at which five lots were sold in 1807, and the prices at\nwhich the same lots were sold at the late Mr. Heber's sale in 1836:\n\n    \"No. in Catalogue, 1185. Bracton de (Hen.) Consuetudinibus et Legibus\n    Anglic\u00e6. (In pergamena) literis deauratis. Sold in 1807 for 1l. 13s.:\n    produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 6l. 6s.\n\n    \"Lot 1190. Gul. Malmesburiensis de Gestis Regum Anglorum. (In\n    pergamena.) Sold in 1807 for 1l. 7s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836,\n    63l.\n\n    \"Lot 1195. Chronica Gulielmi Thorn. (In membranis.) Sold in 1807 for\n    12s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 85l.\n\n    {10} \"Lot 1198. Henrici Archid. Huntindoniensis de Gestis Anglorum et\n    Gyr. Cambriensis expugnatio Hiberni\u00e6. (In pergamena.) Sold in 1807 for\n    2l. 1s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 78l. 15s. 6d.\n\n    \"Lot 1206. Chronica Matt. Parisensis sine Historia Minor cum vit\u00e2\n    authoris, per Doctissimum Virum Rog. Twysden Bar. (In papyro.) Sold in\n    1807 for 2l. 8s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 5l. 15s. 6d. Total\n    produce in 1807, 8l. 1s.: in 1836, 238l. 17s.\"\n\nIn the catalogue of Heber's books, &c., Nos. 447. 1006. 498. 118. and 1016.\ncorrespond with the Nos. 1185. 1190. 1195. 1198. 1206.\n\nF. W. J.\n\n_Robert Hill._--I possess a Latin Bible which formerly belonged to this\nperson, and contains many MS. notes in his handwriting. The following is by\nanother hand:\n\n    \"This book formerly belonged to Mr. Robert Hill, a taylor of\n    Buckingham, and an acquaintance of my cousin John Herbert, surgeon of\n    that town. J. L.\"\n\n    \"In literature we find of this profession (_i. e._ that of a taylor)\n    John Speed, a native of Cheshire, whose merit as an historian and\n    antiquary are indisputable--to whom may be added the name of a man who\n    in literature ought to have taken the lead, we mean John Stow. Benjamin\n    Robins, the compiler of _Lord Anson's Voyage_, who united the powers of\n    the sword and the pen, was professionally a taylor of Bath; as was\n    Robert Hill of Buckingham, who, in the midst of poverty and distress,\n    while obliged to labour at his trade for the support of a large family,\n    acquired a knowledge of the Hebrew, and other languages, such as has\n    only been equalled by Magliabecchi, who studied in a cradle curtained\n    by cobwebs and colonised by spiders.\"--See \"Vestiges Revived,\" No. XX.\n    _European Mag._ for Mar. 1813.\n\nThe above choice note is, I presume, an extract from the _Europ. Mag._, and\nmay serve to show that although ordinarily it takes \"nine tailors to make a\nman,\" it may occasionally require nine men to make such a tailor as R. Hill\nseems to have been.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_English Orthography._--The agricultural newspapers and magazines in the\nUnited States have generally restored the spelling of _plow_ in place of\n_plough_, which has crept in since the translation of the Bible into\nEnglish.\n\nCould not _cloke_, the old spelling, be also restored, in place of _cloak_,\nwhich has nothing but _oak_ to keep it in countenance; whilst _cloke_ is in\nanalogy with _smoke_, _poke_, _broke_, &c.?\n\nThere are two English words, in pronouncing which not a single letter of\nthem is sounded; namely _ewe_ (yo!) and _aye_ (I!)\n\nUNEDA.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_Bookselling in Glasgow in 1735._--The following curious report of a law\ncase appears in Morison's _Dictionary of the Decisions of the Court of\nSession_, p. 9455. It appears from it that, so late as 1735, the city of\nGlasgow, now containing a population of nearly 400,000, was considered too\nlimited a sphere for the support of only _two_ booksellers.\n\n    \"1735, January 15. Stalker against Carmichael. Carmichael and Stalker\n    entered into a co-partnery of bookselling within the City of Glasgow,\n    to continue for three years; and because _the place was judged too\n    narrow for two booksellers at a time_, it was stipulated that after the\n    expiry of three years, either of them refusing to enter into a new\n    contract upon the former terms, should be debarred from any concern in\n    bookselling within the city of Glasgow. In a reduction of the contract,\n    the Lords found the debarring clause in the contract is a lawful\n    practice, and not contrary to the liberty of the subject.\"\n\nX. Y.\n\nEdinburgh.\n\n_Epitaph on a Sexton._--Epitaph on a sexton, who received a great blow by\nthe clapper of a bell:\n\n \"Here lyeth the body of honest John Capper,\n  Who lived by the bell, and died by the clapper.\"\n\nAnswer to the foregoing:\n\n \"I am not dead indeed, but have good hope,\n  To live by the bell when you die by the rope.\"\n\nE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nEUSTACHE DE SAINT PIERRE.\n\nWith the siege of Calais, and its surrender to Edward III. in 1347, is\nassociated the name of Eustache de St. Pierre, whose loyalty and\ndevotedness have been immortalised by the historian, and commemorated by\nthe artist's pencil. The subject of Queen Philippa's intercessions on\nbehalf of Eustache and his brave companions is, no doubt, familiar to most\nof your readers: the stern demeanour of the king; the tears and\nsupplicating attitude of the Queen Philippa; and the humiliating position\nof the burgesses of Calais, &c. But what if Eustache de St. Pierre had been\nbought over by King Edward? For without going the length of pronouncing the\nscenes of the worthy citizens, with halters round their necks, to have been\na \"got up\" affair, there is, however, some reason to doubt whether the\nboasted loyalty of Eustache de St. Pierre was such as is represented, as\nwill appear from the following notes. And however much the statements\ntherein contained may detract from the cherished popular notions regarding\nEustache de St. Pierre, yet the seeker after truth is inexorable, or, to\nuse the words of Sir Francis Palgrave (_Hist. of Norm. and Eng._, i. 354.),\nhe is expected \"to uncramp or shatter the pedestals supporting the idols\nwhich have won the false worship of the multitude; so that they may nod in\ntheir niches, or topple down.\"\n\nIn one of the volumes forming part of that valuable collection published by\nthe French {11} government,and commenced, I believe, under the auspices of\nM. Guizot, namely, the _Documens in\u00e9dits sur l'Histoire de France_, the\nfollowing passage attracted my notice:\n\n    \"Il (M. de Br\u00e9quigny) a prouv\u00e9 par des titres authentiques et inconnus\n    jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, qu'Eustache de St. Pierre, dont on a si fort vant\u00e9 le\n    d\u00e9vouement pour les habitans de Calais, fut s\u00e9duit par Edouard, et\n    qu'il re\u00e7ut de ce prince des pensions et des possessions fort peu de\n    temps apr\u00e8s la prise de cette place, aux conditions d'y maintenir le\n    bon ordre, et de la conserver \u00e0 l'Angleterre.\"--See _Lettres de Rois,\n    &c._, vol. i. Preface, p. cix.\n\nThe above statement is founded on a memoir read before the Acad\u00e9mie des\nBelles-Lettres by M. de Br\u00e9quigny, respecting the researches made by him in\nLondon (see _M\u00e9m. de l'Acad. des Belles-Lettres_, tom. xxxvii.).\n\nLingard throws a doubt over the matter. He says:\n\n    \"Froissart has dramatised this incident with considerable effect; but,\n    I fear, with little attention to truth.... Even in Froissart there is\n    nothing to prove that Edward designed to put these men to death. On the\n    contrary, he takes notice that the King's refusal of mercy was\n    accompanied with a wink to his attendants, which, if it meant anything,\n    must have meant that he was not acting seriously.\"--_Lingard_, 3rd\n    edit. 1825, vol. iv. p. 79., note 85.\n\nAgain, in Hume:\n\n    \"The story of the six burgesses of Calais, like all extraordinary\n    stories, is somewhat to be suspected; and so much the more, as\n    Avesbury, who is particular in his narrative of the surrender of\n    Calais, says nothing of it, and, on the contrary, extols in general the\n    King's generosity and lenity to the inhabitants.\"--_Hume_, 8vo. 1807,\n    vol. ii., note H.\n\nBoth Hume and Lingard mention that Edward expelled the natives of Calais,\nand repeopled the place with Englishmen; but they say nothing as to\nEustache de St. Pierre becoming a pensioner of the King's \"aux conditions\nd'y maintenir le bon ordre, et de la conserver \u00e0 l'Angleterre.\"\n\nCh\u00e2teaubriand (_Etudes Hist._, 1831, 8vo., tome iv. p. 104.) gives\nFroissart's narrative, by which he abides, at the same time complaining of\nthe \"esprit de d\u00e9nigrement\" which he says prevailed towards the end of the\nlast century in regard to heroic actions.\n\nRegarding Queen Philippa's share in the transaction above referred to, M.\nde Br\u00e9quigny says:\n\n    \"La reine, qu'on suppose avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 si touch\u00e9e du malheur des six\n    bourgeois dont elle venait de sauver la vie, ne laissa pas d'obtenir,\n    peu de jours apr\u00e8s, la confiscation des maisons que Jean d'Acre, l'un\n    d'eux, avait poss\u00e9d\u00e9es dans Calais.\"\n\nMiss Strickland (_Lives of Queens_, 1st edit., vol. ii. p. 336.) likewise\ngives the story as related by Froissart, but mentions the fact of Queen\nPhilippa taking possession of Jean d'Acre's property, and the doubt cast\nupon Eustache's loyalty; but she would appear to justify him by reason of\nKing Philip's abandoning the brave Calaisiens to their fate. However this\nmay be, documents exist proving that the inhabitants of Calais were\nindemnified for their losses: and whether or not the family of Eustache de\nSt. Pierre approved his conduct, so much is certain, that, on the death of\nthe latter, the property which had been granted to him by King Edward was\nconfiscated, because they would not acknowledge their allegiance to the\nEnglish.\n\nI wish to ask whether this new light thrown on the subject, through M. de\nBr\u00e9quigny's labours, has been hitherto noticed, for it would appear the\nstory should be re-written.\n\nPHILIP S. KING.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDEVIZES, ORIGIN OF: A QUESTION FOR THE HERALDS.\n\nI will put the following case as briefly as I can.\n\nThroughout the medi\u00e6val ages, the word _devise_ formed the generic term for\nevery species of emblazonment. Thus we have \"_Devises Heroiques_, per\nClaude Paradin, Lyons, 1557;\" \"_Devises et Emblems d'Amour moralis\u00e9s_, par\nFlamen;\" \"_The Paradise of Dainty Devices_, 1576;\" \"_Minerva Britannica, or\na Garden of Heroical Devices furnished and adorned with Emblems and\nImpressa's of Sundry Natives_, newly devised, moralised, and published by\nHenry Peachum, 1612;\" and lastly, Henry Estienne's \"discourse of\nhieroglyphs, symbols, gryphs, emblems, enigmas, sentences, parables,\nreverses of medals, arms, blazons, cimiers, cyphers, and rebus,\" which\nlearned discourse, be it observed, is entitled _The Art of making Devises_,\n1646. As an additional proof that device included the motto, take the\nfollowing:\n\n    \"Henry III. commanded to be written by way of device in his chamber at\n    Woodstock, 'Qui non dat quod amat non accipit ille quod optat;'\"\n\nquoted by Sir Eger. Brydges. Here I must stop, though I could add many\nillustrations; and go on to observe, that whereas all the explanations\nwhich I have ever met with, of the unique appellation of \"Castrum\nDivisarum,\" or the castle of Devises, are totally un-historic, if not\nridiculous, I crave the attention of all whom it may concern to a new\nsolution of the difficulty.\n\nFirst, then, in order to clear the way, I would observe, that if, as\ncommonly stated, the name had signified a frontier fort, would it not have\nbeen called the castle of the division [singular] rather than the castle of\nthe divided districts? In other words, why make it a plural term?\n\nSecondly. If, as I surmise, the Italian word _divisa_ bore at the time of\nthe Conquest its present meaning of \"device,\" in greater force than the\n{12} sense of divisions or partitions, is it unreasonable to suppose that\nCastrum Divisarum implied and constituted, at that early period, the\ndeposit or fountain-head of the blazonry of the Norman leaders?\n\nIt was certainly not unsuited for such a species of heralds' college; being\ncentral, inland, a royal treasury, and the frequent scene of a court. When\nin the ensuing age re-edified by Bishop Roger, the monkish historians,\nwithout a dissentient voice, proclaimed it the most splendid castle in the\nrealm; and though it may be objected that this observation belongs to a\ndate not to our purpose, yet the pre-existence of the fortress is proved by\nits having been the temporary prison of Duke Robert. I am aware that such a\nnotion as Devizes having formed the nucleus of the tree heraldic in England\nis not countenanced, nor even suspected, by any of the popular writers on\nthe art. I may add, that one gentleman, holding an important position\ntherein, has signified his disapproval of so early an origin being assigned\nto the institution. But over-against this, I beg to parade a passage from a\nletter written by Thomas Blore in 1806 to Sir Egerton Brydges:\n\n    \"The heralds,\" says he, \"seem originally not to have been instituted\n    for the manufacturing of armorial ensigns, but for the recording those\n    ensigns which had been borne.\"--_Censura Literaria_, vol. iii. p. 254.\n\nMy case is now stated. I shall be well content that some of your\narch\u00e6ological friends should scatter it to the winds, provided they will\nexplain how it is that Devizes, in common with some of the ancient cities\nof Egypt and Greece, has so long rejoiced in a plural name. To aid this\nlast endeavour, I close with one more statement. The castle stood nearly\nmidway between two other adjoining towns or vill\u00e6, also bearing plural\nnames: Pottern\u00e6=arum [Postern\u00e6?] and Kaning\u00e6=arum.\n\nJ. WAYLEN.\n\nP.S.--I think I may plead the privilege of a postscript for the purpose of\nrecording (what may be taken as) an indication, though perhaps not a proof,\nthat the idea of devices or contrivances was implied in the name so\nrecently as the period of the civil war. The _Mercurius Civicus_, a\nparliamentary paper, 1644, states that Devizes was being garrisoned for the\nking, in the following terms:\n\n    \"Hopton is fortifying amain at the Devises in Wiltshire, but I fear\n    greater fortifyings for the Devices in Oxford.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Gold Signet Ring._--I possess an ancient gold signet ring, which was dug\nup a few years since not far from an old entrenchment in the borough of\nLeominster, in the county of Hereford, the device thereon being a _cock_;\nit is of very pure metal, and weighs 155 grains. It is in fine\npreservation: and device is rudely cut, but I beg to inclose an impression\nfrom which you may judge. Can any of your antiquarian readers throw any\nlight on the subject to whom this device originally belonged?\n\nIn levelling the fortified entrenchment above referred to some half century\nago, various utensils of pottery, burnt bones, spear and arrow heads,\ntesselated tiles, fragments of sculptured stones, and other relics of\nantiquity, were found.\n\nJ. B. WHITBORNE.\n\n_Ecclesia Anglicana._--I observe, in an interesting letter published in the\nDecember Number of the _Ecclesiologist_, in an enumeration of Service Books\nbelonging to the English Church before the Reformation, and now existing in\nthe Pepysian Library, Cambridge, the following title:\n\n    \"No. 1198. Servicium de omni Officio Episcopali consernenta (_sic_)\n    chorum ... secundum usum Ecclesie Anglicane.\"\n\nNow I am anxious to know from any of your readers, who are better informed\non these subjects than I am, or who have access to old libraries, whether\n_Ecclesia Anglicana_ is a _usual_ designation of the Catholic Church in\nEngland before the Reformation.\n\nService Books according to the use of some particular cathedral church are\nof course well known, as in this same list to which I have referred we find\n\"secundum usum insignis ecclesie Eboracensis,\" \"ad insignis ecclesi\u00e6\nSarisburiensis usum,\" &c.: but I should be glad to learn, in these days of\n_ultramontane_ pretensions, whether, even prior to the Reformation, the\ndistinct nationality of the Anglican church was _commonly_ asserted by the\nuse of such a title in her Service Books. I need scarcely observe how many\ninteresting cognate questions might be asked on this subject.\n\nG. R. M.\n\n_Tangiers.--English Army in 1684._--A merchant in 1709 deposed that he knew\nnot how long complainant had been a _soldier_, or beyond the seas before\nMay, 1697, but that he has heretofore seen and knew him at Tomger, before\nand at the time of the demolishing thereof, being then a _soldier_; and no\ndoubt could prove that he was in England a considerable time next before\nMay, 1697.\n\nCould the place be other than Tangiers, destroyed in 1684?\n\nWas complainant (a younger son of a well-connected family of gentry, but\nhimself probably in poverty), who in deeds, and on his mon. tablet, is\ndescribed as gent., likely to have been in 1684 (aged twenty-seven) a\nprivate, a non-commissioned, or commissioned officer?\n\nIf the latter, would he not have been so described?\n\nA. C.\n\n{13}\n\n_Smith._--Of what family was ---- Smith, confessor of Katherine of\nBraganza, buried in York Minster? and what are the arms on his tomb? Where\ncan information be obtained as to a Judge Smith, supposed to have been of\nthe same family?\n\nA. F. B.\n\nDiss.\n\n_Termination \"-itis.\"_--What is the derivation of the termination \"-itis,\"\nused principally in medical words, and these signifying inflammation, as\nPleuritis, _vulgo_ pleurisy, inflammation of the pleura, &c.?\n\nADSUM.\n\n_Loak Hen._--In two or more parishes in Norfolk was a custom, or modus, of\npaying a _loak hen_ in lieu of tythes of fowls and eggs. I shall feel\nobliged to any of your correspondents who can inform me what constituted a\n_loak hen_?\n\nG. J.\n\n_Etymological Traces of the Social Position of our Ancestors._--I remember\nreading an account of the traces of the social position of our Saxon\nancestors yet remaining in our English customs, which interested me much at\nthe time, and which I would gladly again refer to, as, Captain Cuttle's\ninvaluable maxim not being then extant, I neglected \"making a note of it.\"\n\nIt described the Norman derivation of the names of all kinds of _meat_, as\nbeef, mutton, veal, venison, &c.; while the corresponding _animals_ still\nretained their original Saxon appellations, ox, sheep, calf, &c.: and it\naccounted for this by the fact, that while the animals were under the care\nof the Saxon thralls and herdsmen, they retained of course their Saxon\nnames; but when served up at the tables of their Norman lords, it became\nnecessary to name them afresh.\n\nI think the word _heronsewes_ (cf. Vol. iii., pp. 450. 207.; Vol. iv., p.\n76.) is another example, which are called _harnseys_ at this day in\nNorfolk; as it is difficult, on any other supposition, to account for an\nEast-Anglian giving a French appellation to so common a bird as the heron.\n\nE. S. TAYLOR.\n\n_Locke's Writings._--In an unpublished manuscript of Paley's _Lectures on\nLocke's Essay_, it is stated that so great was the antipathy against the\nwritings of this eminent philosopher, at the time they were first issued,\nthat they were \"burnt at Oxford by the hands of the common hangman.\" Is\nthis fact recorded in any Life of Locke; or how may it be ascertained?\nThere is no notice of it, I believe, in either Law's _Life_, or in that of\nLord King.\n\nGEORGE MUNFORD.\n\nEast Winch.\n\n_Passage in G\u00f6the's \"Faust.\"_--Has the following passage from the second\npart of _Faust_ ever been noticed in connexion with the fact that the clock\nin G\u00f6the's chamber stopped at the moment that he himself expired? If it has\nnot, I shall congratulate myself on having been the first to point out this\nvery curious coincidence\n\n  \"_Mephistopheles._ Die Zeit wird Herr, der Gries hier liegt im Sand,\n  _Die Uhr steht still_----\n   _Chorus._ Steht still! Sie schweigt wie Mitternacht\n  _Der Zeiger f\u00e4llt._\n   _Mephistopheles._ Er f\u00e4llt, es ist vollbracht.\"\n                  _Faust_, der Trag\u00f6die Zweiter Theil, F\u00fcnfter Act.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\n_Schomberg's Epitaph by Swift._--A correspondent asks whether the epitaph\nalluded to in the following extract from the _Daily Courant_ of July 17,\n1731, is given in any edition of Swift's _Works_.\n\n    \"The Latin Inscription, composed by the Rev. Dr. Swift, Dean of St.\n    Patrick's, and ordered by the Dean and Chapter to be fixed up in the\n    Cathedral of the said Church, over the place where the body of the\n    great Duke of Schomberg lies, has been with all possible care and\n    elegance engraved on a beautiful table of black Kilkenny marble, about\n    eight feet long and four or five broad; the letters are gilded, and the\n    whole is now finished with the utmost neatness. People of all ranks are\n    continually crowding to see it, and the Inscription is universally\n    admired.\"\n\nThe _Daily Gazetteer_ of Saturday, July 12, 1740, gives a detailed account\nof the rejoicings in Dublin on the Tuesday preceding, being the anniversary\nof the battle of the Boyne, and a particular account of the bonfire made by\nDean Swift in St. Kevin's Street, near the watch-house.\n\nE.\n\n_The Burial Service said by Heart._--Bishop Sprat (in his _Discourse to his\nClergy_, 1695, for which see _Clergyman's Instructor_, 1827, p. 245.)\nrelates that, immediately after the Restoration, a noted ringleader of\nschism in the former times was interred in one of the principal churches of\nLondon, and that the minister of the parish, being a wise and regular\nconformist, and afterwards an eminent bishop, delivered the whole Office of\nBurial by heart on that occasion. The friends of the deceased were greatly\nedified at first, but afterwards much surprised and confounded when they\nfound that their fervent admiration had been bestowed on a portion of the\nCommon Prayer. Southey (_Common-Place Book_, iii. 492.) conjectures that\nthe minister was Bull. This cannot be, for Bull, I believe, never held a\nLondon cure. Was it Hackett? And who was the noted ringleader of schism?\n\nJ. K.\n\n_Shaw's Staffordshire MSS._--Can any of your Staffordshire correspondents\nfurnish information as to the present depository of the Rev. Stebbing\nShaw's Staffordshire MSS., and the MS. notes of Dr. Thomas Harwood used in\nhis two editions {14} of Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_? And can they refer to\na pedigree of Thomas Wood, Esq., Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas,\n1501; who is said to have built Hall O'Wood, in Batterley, near Botley,\nStaffordshire.\n\nN. C. L.\n\n_\"Ne'er to these chambers,\" &c._--\n\n \"Ne'er to these chambers where the mighty rest\n  Since their foundation, came a nobler guest,\n  Nor to th' immortal entrance e'er convey'd\n  A loftier spirit, or more welcome shade.\"\n\nWhere do these lines come from?\n\nARAM.\n\nSwillington.\n\n_County History Societies._--I would suggest the idea whether County\nHistory Societies might not be formed with advantage, as there are so many\ncounties which have never had their histories written. They are very\nexpensive and laborious for individuals to undertake, and constantly\nrequire additions on account of the many changes which are taking place, to\nmake them complete as works of reference for the present time: I think that\nby the means suggested they might be made very useful, particularly if\ncomplete statistical tables were annexed to the general and descriptive\naccount. With comparatively little expense, the history and statistics of\nevery county could be brought down to the latest date, making a valuable\nwork of reference to which all could refer with confidence for the\ninformation which is constantly being sought for.\n\nG. H.\n\n_Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter._--Is any pedigree extant of the family of\nHugh Oldham? Baines speaks of him (_Hist. of Lanc._, vol. ii. p. 579.) as\n\"descended from an ancient family,\" born, \"according to Wood and Godwin, at\nManchester; but, according to Dodsworth, at Oldham.\"\n\nWhat arms did he adopt?\n\nJ. B.\n\n_The English Domestic Novel._--My first intention was to ask whether Defoe\nwas the founder of this pleasing class of literature, but have just\nrecollected, that Mrs. Aphara Behn wrote something of the kind in the time\nof Charles II. My first question will be, therefore, who was the earliest\nwriter of this description? And, secondly, is not the matter of sufficient\ninterest to ask your readers' assistance in the formation of a list, giving\nfull titles, authors' names, and dates extending to 1730 or 1750?\n\nJOHN MILAND.\n\n_Dr. Young._--In the most authentic biographical accounts we leave of Dr.\nYoung the poet, it is stated that he left in the hands of his housekeeper a\ncollection of manuscript sermons, with an injunction that after his death\nthey should be destroyed; it is also added, that this request was only\ncomplied with _in part_. Can any of your correspondents confirm the hope\nthat these sermons may still be in existence; and if so, in what quarter\ninformation may be obtained concerning them? The housekeeper is said to\nhave been the widow of a clergyman, and therefore was not regarded by the\nDoctor in the light of a servant.\n\nJ. H.\n\nCambridge.\n\n_Bishop Hall's Meditations._--I have an old copy before me, the title-page\nof which runs as follows:\n\n    \"Occasionall Meditations by Jos. Exon. Set forth by R. H. The Third\n    Edition: with the Addition of Forty-nine Meditations not heretofore\n    published: London, printed by M. F. for Nathaniel Butter, 1633.\"\n\nIt is edited by Bishop Hall's son (Robert). I should be glad to learn\nwhether this is a scarce edition.\n\nBOEOTICUS.\n\nEdgmond, Salop.\n\n_Chatterton._--Dr. Gregory, in his _Life of Chatterton_, p. 100. (reprinted\nby Southey in the first volume of his edition of Chatterton's _Works_, p.\nlxx.), says: \"Chatterton, as appears by the coroner's inquest, swallowed\narsenick in water, on the 24th of August, 1770, and died in consequence\nthereof the next day.\"\n\nMr. Barrett, the historian of Bristol, one of Chatterton's best friends and\npatrons, who, from his profession as a surgeon, was likely to have made,\nand seems to have made, inquiries as to the circumstances of his death,\nsays, in his _History of Bristol_, not published before 1789, and therefore\nnot misled by any false first report, that Chatterton's principles impelled\nhim to become his own executioner. He took a large dose of opium, some of\nwhich was picked out from his teeth after his death, and he was found the\nnext morning a most horrid spectacle: with limbs and features distorted as\nafter convulsions, a frightful and ghastly corpse\" (p. 647.). I do not know\nwhether this contradiction has ever been noticed, and shall be obliged to\nany correspondent who can give me information. I believe that Sir Herbert\nCroft's _Love and Madness_ was the authority followed by Dr. Gregory, but I\nhave not the book.\n\nN. B.\n\n_Passage in Job._--The wonderful and sublime book of Job, authenticated by\nsubsequent Divine records, and about 3400 years old, is very probably the\nmost ancient writing in the world: and though life and immortality were\nespecially reserved as the glorious gift and revelation of our Blessed\nRedeemer, the eternal Author and Finisher of our salvation, yet Job was\npermitted to declare his deep conviction, that he should rise from the dead\nand see God. This memorable declaration (chap. xix. ver. 25.) can be\nforgotten by none of your readers; but some of them may not know that the\nSeptuagint adds these words of life to chap. xlii. ver. 17.:\"[Greek:\ngegraptai de, auton palin anast\u00easesthai meth' h\u00f4n ho Kurios\nanist\u00easin][2].\"--(But it is written that {15} he shall rise again with\nthose whom the Lord raiseth up.)\n\nOur authorised and truly admirable translation of the Holy Scriptures omits\nthis deeply important conclusion of Job's life, so properly noticed by the\nlearned and excellent Parkhurst.\n\nPray, can you or any of your readers explain the cause of this omission? As\nyour pages have not been silent on the grand consummation which cannot be\ntoo constantly before us, I do not apologise for this very short addition\nto your Notes.\n\nEDWIN JONES.\n\nSouthsea, Hants.\n\n[Footnote 2: This passage was originally printed \"[Greek: gegraptai,\nseauton] ...\". It was corrected by an erratum in next issue--Transcriber.]\n\n_Turner's View of Lambeth Palace._--In a newspaper memoir of the late Mr.\nTurner, R.A., published shortly after his death, it was stated that the\nfirst work exhibited by him at Somerset House was a \"View of Lambeth\nPalace,\" I believe in water colours. I should be glad to ascertain, through\nyour columns, if this picture be still in existence, and in what\ncollection.\n\nL. E. X.\n\n_Clarke's Essay on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning._--Can any of\nthe readers of \"N. & Q.\" assist me in obtaining a copy of this work? In the\nsame author's _Rationale of Circulating Numbers_ (Murray, London, 1778) it\nis stated that the demonstrations of all the theorems and problems at the\nend of the Rev. John Lawson's _Dissertation on the Geometrical Analysis of\nthe Ancients_ \"will be given at the latter end of _An Essay on the\nUsefulness of Mathematical Learning_, which will soon be published.\" In a\nsubsequent portion of the work, a sketch of the contents of the _Essay_ is\ngiven, which include \"a Treatise on Magic Squares, translated from the\nFrench of Frenicle, as published in _Les Ouvrages de Math\u00e9matique par\nMessieurs de l'Acad\u00e9mie Royale des Sciences_, with several Additions and\nRemarks.\" And in a list of \"Tracts and Translations _written and published_\nby H. Clarke, LL.D.,\" which occurs at the end of my copy of the first\nvolume of Leybourn's _Mathematical Repository_ (London, 1805), the _Essay_\nappears as No. 10, and is stated to have been published in 8vo. at six\nshillings. None of my friends are acquainted with the work; but if the\npreceding description will enable any reader to help me to a copy, I shall\nesteem it a great favour.\n\nT. T. WILKINSON.\n\nBurnley, Lancashire.\n\n\"_The General Pardon._\"--An imperfect copy of a small tract (measuring five\nand a half inches by three and a half inches) has recently come into my\nhands, of which I much desire to obtain the wanting parts. It is entitled:\n\n    \"The general Pardon, geuen longe agone, and sythe newly confyrmed, by\n    our Almightie Father, with many large Priuileges, Grauntes, and Bulles\n    graunted for euer, as is to be seen hereafter: Drawne out of Frenche\n    into English. By Wyllyam Hayward. Imprinted at London, by Wyllyam How,\n    for Wyllyam Pickeringe.\"\n\nThere is no date, but it is believed to have been printed in or about 1571.\nIt is in black letter, and is an imitation of the Roman Catholic pardons.\nIt consists of twelve leaves. In my copy the last seven of these are torn\nthrough their middle vertically.\n\nI have not been able to meet with this tract in the catalogues of any of\nthe great libraries which I have consulted; _e.g._ The British Museum,\nBodleian, Cambridge University, Lambeth, and several of the college\nlibraries at Cambridge.\n\nI want any information concerning it, or its original in French, which the\nreaders of \"N. & Q.\" can give: also access to a copy from which to\ntranscribe the parts wanting in mine.\n\nCHARLES C. BABINGTON.\n\nSt. John's Coll. Cambridge.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Edward the Confessor's Rings._--There is an old legend of a ring given to\none of our early kings, I think Edward the Confessor, by some saintly or\nangelic messenger. If any of your readers could give me any of the details\nof this story, it would very much oblige your constant reader\n\nM. J. T.\n\n    [The following extract from Taylor's _Glory of Regality_, pp. 74. _et\n    seq._, will give our Correspondent the legend referred to.\n\n    \"The ring with which our kings are invested, called by some writers\n    'the wedding ring of England,' is illustrated, like the Ampulla, by a\n    miraculous history, of which the following are the leading particulars:\n    from the 'Golden Legende' (_Julyan Notary_, 1503), p. 187.:--'Edward\n    the Confessor being one day askt for alms by a certain 'fayre olde\n    man,' the king found nothing to give him except his ring, with which\n    the poor man thankfully departed. Some time after, two English pilgrims\n    in the Holy Land having lost their road, as they travelled at the close\n    of the day, 'there came to them a fayre auncyent man wyth whyte heer\n    for age.' Then the old man axed them what they were and of what regyon.\n    And they answerde that they were Pylgryms of Englond, and hadde lost\n    their felyshyp and way also. Then this old man comforted theym goodly,\n    and brought theym into a fayre cytee; and whan they had well refresshyd\n    them, and rested theym alle nyght; on the morne, this fayre olde man\n    wente with theym and brought theym in the ryght waye agayne. And he was\n    gladde to hear theym talke of the welfare and holynesse of theyr Kynge\n    Saynt Edward. And whan he shold departe fro theym thenne he told theym\n    what he was, and sayd I am Johan Theuangelyst, and saye ye unto Edward\n    your king, that I grete hym well by the token that he gaaf to me thys\n    rynge with his one hondes, whych rynge ye shalle {16} delyuer to hym\n    agayne: and whan he had delyuerde to theym the ringe, he departed from\n    theym sodenly.'\n\n    \"This command, as may be supposed, was punctually obeyed by the\n    messengers, who were furnisht with ample powers for authenticating\n    their mission. The ring was received by the Royal Confessor, and in\n    after times was preserved with due care at his shrine in the Abbey of\n    Westminster.\"]\n\n_The Bourbons._--What was the origin of the Bourbon family? How did Henry\nIV. come to be the next heir to the throne on the extinction of the line of\nValois?\n\nE. H. A.\n\n    [Henri IV., King of Navarre, succeeded to the throne on the extinction\n    of the house of Valois, as the head of the house of Bourbon, which\n    descends from Robert of France, Count de Clermont, the fifth son of St.\n    Louis, and Seigneur de Bourbon. On the death of Louis I. in 1341,\n    leaving two sons, this house was divided into the Bourbon, or elder\n    branch (which became extinct on the death of the Constable of Bourbon,\n    in 1527), and the younger branch, or that of the Counts de la Marche,\n    afterwards Counts and Dukes of Vendome. Henri was the son of Antoine de\n    Bourbon, Duc de Vendome.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nEMBLEMS.\n\n(Vol. vi., p. 460.)\n\nThe Query confirms Professor De Morgan's excellent article in _The\nCompanion to the Almanack for 1853_, \"On the Difficulty of correct\nDescription of Books.\" The manuscript note cited by H. J., though curiously\ninaccurate, guided me to the book for which he inquires. I copy the\ntitle-page: \"_Die Betr\u00fcbte Pegnesis, den Leben, Kunst, und Tugend-Wandel\ndes Seelig-Edeln Floridans, H. Sigm. von Birken, Com. Pal. C\u00e6s. durch 24\nSinnbilder in Kupfern, zur schuldigen nach-Ehre f\u00fcrstellend, und mit\nGesprach und Reim-Gedichten erkl\u00e4rend, durch ihre Blumen-Hirten._ N\u00fcrnberg,\n1684, 12mo.\" I presume the annotator, not understanding German, and seeing\n\"Floridans\" the most conspicuous word on the title-page, cited him as the\nauthor; but it is the pastoral academic name of the late Herr Sigmond von\nBirken, in whose honour the work is composed. The emblem, with the motto\n\"Bis fracta relinquor,\" at p. 249. (not 240.), is a tree from which two\nboughs are broken. It illustrates the death of Floridan's second wife, and\nhis determination not to take a third. The chess-board, plate xiv. p. 202.,\nhas the motto, \"Per tot discrimina rerum,\" and commemorates Floridan's safe\nreturn to Nuremberg after the multitudinous perils (\"die Schaaren der\nGefahren\") of a journey through Lower Saxony. They must have been great, if\ntypified by the state of the board, on which only a black king and a white\nbishop are left--a chess problem!\n\nI bought my copy at a book-sale many years ago, and, after reading a few\npages, laid it aside as insufferably dull, although it was marked by its\nformer possessor, the Rev. Henry White, of Lichfield, \"Very rare, probably\nunique.\" On taking it up to answer H. J.'s Query, I found some matter\nrelating to the German academies of the seventeenth century, which I think\nmay be interesting.\n\nMr. Hallam (_Literature of Europe_, IV. v. 9.) says:\n\n    \"The Arcadians determined to assume every one a pastoral name and a\n    Greek birthplace; to hold their meetings in some verdant meadow, and to\n    mingle with all their own compositions, as far as possible, images from\n    pastoral life; images always agreeable, because they recall the times\n    of primitive innocence. The poetical tribe adopted as their device the\n    pipe of seven reeds bound with laurel, and their president, or\n    director, was denominated General Shepherd or Keeper--_Custode\n    Generale_.\"\n\nHe slightly mentions the German academics of the sixteenth century (III.\nix. 30.), and says:\n\n    \"It is probable that religious animosities stood in the way of such\n    institutions, _or they may have flourished without obtaining much\n    celebrity_.\"\n\nThe academy of Pegnitz-shepherds (\"Pegnitzsh\u00e4fer-orden\") took its name from\nthe little river Pegnitz which runs through Nuremberg. Herr Sigmond von\nBirken was elected a member in 1645. He chose _Floridan_ as his pastoral\nname, and the amaranth as his flower. In 1658 he was admitted to the Palm\nAcademy (\"Palmen-orden\"), choosing the name _Der Erwacsene_ (the adult?),\nand the snowdrop. In 1659, a vacancy having occurred in the\nPegnitz-Herdsmen (\"Pegnitz-Hirten\") he was thought worthy to fill it, and\nin 1679 he received the diploma of the Venetian order of the Recuperati. He\ndied in 1681. This, and what can be hung upon it, is _Die Betr\u00fcbte\nPegnitz_, a dialogue of 406 pages. It opens with a meeting of shepherds and\nshepherdesses, who go in and out of their cottages on the banks of the\nPegnitz, and tell one another, what all seem equally well acquainted with,\nthe entire life of their deceased friend. It would not be easy to find a\nwork more clumsy in conception and tasteless in execution. Herr von Birken\nseems to have been a prosperous man, and to have enjoyed a high pastoral\nreputation. His works are enumerated, but the catalogue looks ephemeral.\nThere is, however, one with a promising title: _Die Trockene Trunkenheit,\noder die Gebrauch und Missbrauch des Tabacks_. His portrait, as \"Der\nErwachsene,\" is prefixed. It has not a shepherd-like look. He seems about\nfifty, with a fat face, laced cravat, and large flowing wig. There are\ntwenty-four emblematical plates, rather below the average of their time.\n\nAs so secondary a town as Nuremberg had at least three academies, we may\ninfer that such {17} institutions were abundant in Germany, in the\nseventeenth century: that of the Pegnitz shepherds lasted at least till the\nbeginning of the eighteenth. In _Der Th\u00f6richte Pritschmeister_, a comedy\nprinted at Coblenz, 1704, one of the characters is \"Phantasirende, ein\nPegnitz Sch\u00e4ffer,\" who talks fustian and is made ridiculous throughout. The\ncomedy is \"von Menantes.\" I have another work by the same author: _Galante,\nVerliebte, und Satyrische Gedichte_, Hamburg, 1704. I shall be very glad to\nbe told who he was, as his versification is often very good, and his jokes,\nthough not graceful, and not very laughable, are real.\n\nH. B. C.\n\nU. U. Club.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMARRIAGES EN CHEMISE.--MANTELKINDER.--LEGITIMATION.\n\n(Vol. vi., pp. 485. 561.)\n\nThe popular error on the legal effect of marriage _en chemise_ is, I think,\nnoticed among other vulgar errors in law in a little book published some\ntwenty years ago under the name of _Westminster Hall_, to which a deceased\nlawyer of eminence, then young at the bar, was a contributor. I believe the\nopinion to be still extensively prevalent, and to be probably founded, not\nexactly in total ignorance, but in a misconception, of the law. The text\nwriters inform us that \"the husband is liable for the wife's debts,\n_because_ he acquires an absolute interest in the personal estate of the\nwife,\" &c. (Bacon's _Abridgment_, tit. \"Baron and Feme.\") Now an unlearned\nperson, who hears this doctrine, might reasonably conclude, that if his\nbride has no estate at all, he will incur no liability; and the future\nhusband, more prudent than refined, might think it as well to notify to his\nneighbours, by an unequivocal symbol, that he took no pecuniary benefit\nwith his wife, and therefore expected to be free from her pecuniary\nburdens. In this, as in most other popular errors, there is found a\n_substratum_ of reason.\n\nWith regard to the other vulgar error, noticed at the foot of MR. BROOKS'\ncommunication (p. 561.), that \"all children under the girdle at the time of\nmarriage are legitimate,\" the origin of it is more obvious. Every one knows\nof the \"legitimatio per subsequens matrimonium\" of the canonists, and how\nthe barons assembled in parliament at Merton refused to engraft this law of\nthe Church on the jurisprudence of England. But it is not perhaps so well\nknown that, upon such a marriage the premature offspring of the bride and\nbridegroom sometimes used to perform a part in the ceremony, and received\nthe nuptial benediction under the veil or mantle of the bride or the\npallium of the altar. Hence the children so legitimated are said to have\nbeen called by the Germans _Mantelkinder_. The learning on this head is to\nbe found in Hommel's _Jurisprudentia Numismatibus Illustrata_ (Lipsi\u00e6,\n1763), pp. 214-218., where the reader will also find a pictorial\nillustration of the ceremony from a codex of the _Novell\u00e6_ in the library\nof Christian Schwarz. The practice seems to have been borrowed from the\nform of adopting children, noticed in the same work and in Ducange, verb.\n\"Pallium, _Pallio cooperire_;\" and in Grimm's _Deut. Rechts Alterth._, p.\n465.\n\nLet me add a word on the famous negative given to the demand of the clergy\nat Merton. No reason was assigned, or, at least, has been recorded, but a\ngeneral unwillingness to change the laws of England. As the same barons did\nin fact consent to change them in other particulars, this can hardly have\nbeen the reason. Sir W. Blackstone speaks of the consequent uncertainty of\nheirship and discouragement of matrimony as among the causes of\nrejection,--arguments of very questionable weight. Others (as Bishop Hurd,\nin his _Dialogues_) have attributed the rejection to the constitutional\nrepugnance of the barons to the general principles of the canon and\nimperial law, which the proposed change might have tended to introduce,--a\ndegree of forethought and a range of political vision for which I can\nhardly give them credit, especially as the great legal authority of that\nday, Bracton, has borrowed the best part of his celebrated Treatise from\nthe Corpus Juris. The most plausible motive which I have yet heard assigned\nfor this famous parliamentary negative on the bishops' bill at Merton, is\nsuggested (quod minim\u00e8 reris!) in an Assistant Poor-Law Commissioner's\nReport (vol. vi. of the 8vo. printed series), viz. that bastardy multiplied\nthe escheats which accrued to medieval lords of manors.\n\nE. SMIRKE.\n\nA venerable person whose mind is richly stored with \"shreds and patches\" of\nfolk-lore and local antiquities, on seeing the \"curious marriage entry\" (p.\n485.), has furnished me with the following explanation.\n\nIt is the popular belief at Kirton in Lindsey that if a woman, who has\ncontracted debts previous to her marriage, leave her residence in a state\nof nudity, and go to that of her future husband, he the husband will not be\nliable for any such debts.\n\nA case of this kind actually occurred in that highly civilised town within\nmy informant's memory; the woman leaving her house from a bedroom window,\nand putting on some clothes as she stood on the top of the ladder by which\nshe accomplished her descent.\n\nK. P. D. E.\n\nIn that amusing work, Burn's _History of the Fleet Marriages_, p. 77.,\noccurs the following entry:--\"The woman ran across Ludgate Hill in her\nshift;\" to which the editor has added this note:--\"The _Daily Journal_ of\n8th November, 1725, mentions a similar exhibition at Ulcomb in {18} Kent.\nIt was a vulgar error that a man was not liable to the bride's debts, if he\ntook her in no other apparel than her shift.\"\n\nJ. Y.\n\nSaffron Walden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nEDITIONS OF THE PRAYER-BOOK PRIOR TO 1662.\n\n(Vol. vi., pp. 435. 564.)\n\nAs MR. SPARROW SIMPSON invites additions to his list from all quarters, I\nsend him my contribution: and as I see that he has included _translations_\nof our Liturgy into other languages, I do the same:\n\n  1552. Worcester. Jo. Oswen. Folio.\n  1560. London. Jugge and Cawood. 4to.\n  1565. London. Jugge and Cawood. 8vo.\n  1607. London. Folio.\n  1629. London. Folio.\n  1629. Cambridge. Folio.\n  1632. London. 4to.\n  1633. London. 4to.\n  1634. London. Folio.\n  1635. London. 4to.\n  1638. Cambridge. 4to.\n  1639. London. Folio.\n  1641. London. 4to.\n  1660. Cambridge. Folio.\n  1644. The Scotch, by Laud and the Scotch bishops. Printed by John Jones.\n      8vo.\n  1551. Latine versa, per Alex. Absium. Lipsi\u00e6. 4to.\n  1594.     \"             \"             London. 8vo.\n  S. A.     \"        by Reginald Wolfe. London. 4to.\n  1638. In Greek. London. 8vo.\n  1616. In French. London. 4to.\n  1608. In Irish. Dublin. Folio.\n  1612. In Spanish. London. 4to.\n  1621. In Welsh. London. 4to.\n\nAll the foregoing editions are in the Bodleian Library. I may add to them\nthe following three:\n\n  1.--1551. Dublin, by Humfrey Powell. Folio\n  2.--1617(?). Dublin. Company of Stationers. 4to\n  3.--1637. Dublin.\n\nThe _first_ of these, which is the first book printed in Ireland, is\nextremely rare. I believe only two copies are certainly known to exist; one\nof which is in the library of Trinity College, Dublin; and the other in\nthat of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Both are in very fine condition.\n\nThe _second_ is in my possession. The book is quite perfect; but some\nwiseacre has carefully erased the date. The _Almanac for xxvi Yeares_ tells\nnothing, being for the years 1603 to 1628. But the book contains a prayer\nfor \"Frederick, the Prince Elector Palatine, and the Lady Elizabeth, his\nwife, with their hopeful issue.\" He married the princess in 1613; and in\n1619 he was elected King of Bohemia, and thenceforward would be prayed for\nunder his higher title. If the Sunday letter in the calendar is to be\ntrusted, the book was printed (according to De Morgan's _Book of Almanacs_)\nin 1617. The Dublin Society of Stationers was established in that year; and\nit is not unlikely that they commenced their issues with a Prayer-Book. I\nhave never seen nor heard of another copy, with which I might compare mine,\nand thus ascertain its date.\n\nThe _third_, of 1637, is reported; but I have never met with it.\n\nH. COTTON.\n\nThurles.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nETYMOLOGY OF PEARL.\n\n(Vol. vi., p. 578.)\n\nThe inquiry of your correspondent IFIGFOWL respecting the etymology of the\nword _pearl_ does not admit of a simple answer. The word occurs in all the\nmodern languages, both Romance and Teutonic: _perla_, Ital. and Span.;\n_perle_, French and German, whence the English _pearl_. Adelung in v.\nbelieves the word to be of Teutonic origin, and considers it as the\ndiminutive of _beere_, a berry. Others derive it from _perna_, the Latin\nname of a shell-fish (see Ducange in _perl\u00e6_; Diez, _Grammatik der\nRomanischen Sprachen_, vol. i. p. 235.). Neither of these derivations is\nprobable: it is not shown that _beere_ had a diminutive form, and _perna_\nwas a local and obscure name: see Pliny, _N. H._ xxxii. ad fin. Salmasius\n(_Exercit. Plin._, p. 40. ed. 1689) thinks that _perla_ is formed from\n_perula_, for _sperula_, the diminutive of _sph\u00e6ra_. A more probable origin\nis that the word is formed from the Latin _pirum_, as suggested by Diez, in\nallusion to the pear-shaped form of the pearl. Ducange in v. says that the\nextremity of the nose was called _pirula nasi_, from its resemblance to the\nform of a pear. But _pirus_ was used to denote a boundary-stone, made in a\npyramidal shape (Ducange in v.); and this seems to have been the origin of\nthe singular expression _pirula nasi_, as being something at the extremity.\nAnother supposition is, that the word _perla_ is derived from the Latin\n_perula_, the diminutive of _pera_, a wallet. A wallet was a small bag hung\nround the neck; and the word _perula_, in the sense of a small bag, occurs\nin Seneca and Apuleius. The analogy of shape and mode of wearing is\nsufficiently close to suggest the transfer of the name. _Perula_ and\n_perulus_ are used in Low Latin in the sense of _pearl_. Ducange cites a\npassage from a hagiographer, where _perula_ means the white of the eye,\nevidently alluding to the colour of the pearl.\n\nThe choice seems to lie between _perula_ as the diminutive of _pera_ or of\n_pirum_. Neither derivation is improbable. It is to be observed that the\nmodern Italian form of _pirum_, the fruit of the pear, is _pera_; the\nmodern feminine noun being, as in numerous other cases, formed from the\nplural of the Latin neuter noun (see Diez, ib. vol. ii. p. 19.). The\nanalogy of _unio_ (to which I shall {19} advert presently) supports the\nderivation from the fruit; the derivation from _pera_, a wallet, is, on\nmerely linguistical grounds, preferable.\n\nThe Greek name of _pearl_ is [Greek: margarit\u00eas], originally applied to a\nprecious stone, and apparently moulded out of some oriental name, into a\nform suited to the Greek pronunciation. Scott and Liddell in v. derive it\nfrom the Persian _murwari_. Pliny, _H. N._ ix. 56., speaking of the pearl,\nsays: \"Apud Gr\u00e6cos non est, ne apud barbaros quidem inventores ejus, aliud\nquam margarit\u00e6.\" The Greek name _Margarita_ was used by the Romans, but the\nproper Latin name for the pearl was _unio_. Pliny (ibid.) explains this\nword by saying that each pearl is _unique_, and unlike every other pearl.\nAmmianus Marcellinus (lib. xxiii. ad fin.) thinks that pearls were called\n_uniones_, because the best were found single in the shell; Solinus (c.\n53.) because they were always found single. The more homely explanation of\nSalmasius seems, however, to be the true one; namely, that the common word\nfor an onion, growing in a single bulb, was transferred to the pearl\n(_Exercit. Plin._, pp. 822-4.; Columella _de R. R._ xii. 10.). The ancient\nmeaning of _unio_ is still preserved in the French _ognon_.\n\nL.\n\nYour correspondent asks the \"etymon of our English word _pearl_.\" It would\nnot be uninteresting to learn, at the same time, at what period _pearl_\ncame into general use as an English word? Burton, who wrote his _Anatomy_\nin the reign of James I., uses the word _union_ (from the Latin _unio_)\ninstead of _pearl_ (_Anat. Melanc._, vol. ii. part 2. sec. 3. mem. 3., and\nib., p. 2. sec. 4. mem. 1. subs. 4.). In the latter passage he says \"Those\nsmaller unions which are found in shells, amongst the Persians and Indians,\nare very cordial, and most part avail to the exhilaration of the heart.\"\n\nThe Latin term _unio_ differs from \"margarita,\" in so far as it seems to\nhave been applied by Pliny to distinguish the small and ill-shaped pearls,\nfrom the large round and perfect, which he calls \"margarit\u00e6.\" And in his\nninth book, c. 59., he defines the difference philologically, as well as\nphilosophically. Philemon Holland, who published his translation of Pliny\nin 1634, about thirteen years after Burton published the first edition of\nhis _Anatomy_, uses the word _pearl_ indifferently as the equivalent both\nof _margarita_ and _unio_.\n\nQuery: Was the word _union_ generally received in England instead of\n_pearl_ in Burton's time, and when did it give place to it?\n\nJ. EMERSON TENNANT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"MARTIN DRUNK.\"\n\n(Vol. v., p. 587.)\n\nHas not the following song something to do with the expression \"Martin\ndrunk\"? It is certainly cotemporary with Thomas Nash the Elizabethan\nsatirist, and was long a favourite \"three man's\" song. It is copied from\n_Deuteromelia, or the Second Part of Musick's Melodie_, 4to., 1609:\n\n \"MARTIN SAID TO HIS MAN.\n\n \"Martin said to his man,\n                      Fie! man, fie!\n  O Martin said to his man,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n  Martin said to his man,\n  Fill thou the cup, and I the can;\n  Thou hast well drunken, man,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n\n \"I see a sheepe shering corne,\n                      Fie! man, fie!\n  I see a sheepe shering corne,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n  I see a sheepe shering corne,\n  And a cuckold blow his horne;\n  Thou hast well drunken, man,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n\n \"I see a man in the moone,\n                      Fie! man, fie!\n  I see a man in the moone;\n                      Who's the foole now?\n  I see a man in the moone,\n  Clowting of St. Peter's shoone;\n  Thou hast well drunken, man,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n\n \"I see a hare chase a hound,\n                      Fie! man, fie!\n  I see a hare chase a hound,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n  I see a hare chase a hound,\n  Twenty mile above the ground;\n  Thou hast well drunken, man,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n\n \"I see a goose ring a hog,\n                      Fie! man, fie!\n  I see a goose ring a hog,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n  I see a goose ring a hog,\n  And a snayle that did bite a dog;\n  Thou hast well drunken, man,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n\n \"I see a mouse catch the cat,\n                      Fie! man, fie!\n  I see a mouse catch the cat,\n                      Who's the foole now?\n  I see a mouse catch the cat,\n  And the cheese to eate the rat;\n  Thou hast well drunken, man,\n                      Who's the foole now?\"\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nG\u00d6THE'S REPLY TO NICOLAI.\n\n(Vol. vi., p. 434.).\n\nHad M. M. E. gone to the fountain-head, and consulted G\u00f6the's own statement\nin his autobiography, he would have seen in the _Werke_, vol. xxvi. {20} p.\n229., that Mr. Hayward's note was not written with that writer's usual\ncare. G\u00f6the does not say that his reply to Nicolai's _Joys of Werter_,\nthough circulated only in MS., destroyed N.'s literary reputation: on the\ncontrary, he says that his squib (for it was no more) consisted of an\nepigram, not fit for communication, and a dialogue between Charlotte and\nWerter, which was never copied, and long lost; but that this dialogue,\nexposing N.'s impertinence, was written with a foreboding of his sad habit,\nafterwards developed, of treating of subjects out of his depth, which\nhabit, notwithstanding his indisputable merits of another kind, utterly\ndestroyed his reputation. This was most true: and yet all such assertions\nmust be taken in a qualified sense. Nearly thirty years after this was\nwritten I partook of the hospitality of N. at Berlin. It was in 1803, when\nhe was at the head, not of the Berlin literati, but of the book-manufactory\nof Prussia. He was then what, afterwards and elsewhere, the Longmans,\nMurrays, Constables, Cottas, and Brockhauses were,--the great publisher of\nhis age and country. The _entrepreneur_ of the _Neue Deutsche Bibliothek_\nmay be compared with the publishers of our and the French great\nCyclop\u00e6dias, and our Quarterly Reviews.\n\nIt was unfortunate for the posthumous reputation of the great bibliopolist\nthat he, patronising a school that was dying out, made war on the athletes\nof the rising school. He assailed nearly every great man, philosopher or\npoet, from Kant and G\u00f6the downwards, especially of the schools of Saxony,\nSwabia, and the free imperial cities. No wonder that he became afterwards\nwhat Macfleckno and Colly Cibber had been to Dryden and Pope. In some dozen\nof the _Xenien_ of G\u00f6the and Schiller, in 1797, he was treated as the\nArch-Philistine.\n\nM. M. E. characterises him as the \"friend\" and \"fellow-labourer\" of\nLessing. Now Lessing was incomparably the most eminent _litt\u00e9rateur_ of the\nearlier part of that age,--the man who was the forerunner of the\nphilosophers, and whose criticisms supplied the place of poetry. The\nsatirists of the _Xenien_ affect to compassionate Lessing, in having to\nendure a companion so forced on him as Nicolai was, whom they speak of as a\n\"thorn in the crown of the martyr.\" The few who care for the literary\ncontroversies of the age of G\u00f6the in Germany will be greatly assisted by an\nedition of the _Xenien_, with notes, published at Dantzig, 1833.\n\nH. C. R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Processes upon Paper._--The favourable manner in which the account I have\ngiven of the Collodion process has been received, not only by your readers\nin general, as has been evinced by many private letters, but also by the\nnumerous correspondents it has drawn forth, induces me, after some little\ndelay, to request space for a description of the following processes upon\npaper. In giving these I wish it to be understood that I may offer but\nlittle that is original, my object being to describe, as plainly as I\npossibly can, these easy methods, and to make no observation but what I\nhave found to be successful in my own hands. I have had the good fortune to\nobtain the friendship of some of the most successful photographers of the\nday; and taking three very eminent ones, I find they have each some\npeculiarities in his mode of manipulation, varying with each other in the\nstrength of the solutions employed, and producing results the most\nagreeable to their respective tastes. Reviewing these different processes\nin my own mind, and trying with patience the various results, I conclude\nthat the following quantities are calculated to produce an adequate degree\nof sensibility in the paper, and yet to allow it to be prepared for the\naction of light for many hours previous to its use, and yet with more\ncertainty than any other I am acquainted with. I think I may always depend\nupon it for twenty-four to thirty-six hours after excitement, and I have\nseen good pictures produced upon the third day. I believe it is a rule\nwhich admits of no contradiction, that the more you dilute your solution,\nthe longer the excited paper will keep; but in proportion to its diminished\nsensibility, the time of exposure must be prolonged, and therefore I am,\nfrom this waste of time and other reasons, disposed to place much less\nvalue upon the wax-paper process than many do.\n\nThe process I am about to describe is so simple, and I hope to make it so\nintelligible to your non-photographic readers, that a perfect novice, using\nordinary care, must meet with success; but should I fail doing so upon all\npoints, any information sought through the medium of \"N. & Q.\" shall meet\nwith explanation from myself, if not from other of your experienced\ncorrespondents, whose indulgence I must beg should the communication be\ndeemed too elementary, it being my earnest desire to point out to\narch\u00e6ologists who are desirous of acquiring this knowledge, how easily they\nthemselves may practise this beautiful art, and possess those objects they\nwould desire to preserve, in a far more truthful state than could be\notherwise accomplished.\n\nI have not myself met that uniform success with any other paper that I have\nwith Turner's photographic of Chafford Mills: a sheet of this divided into\ntwo portions forms at the same time a useful and also a very easily-managed\nsize, one adapted for most cameras, forming a picture of nine inches by\nseven, which is adequate for nearly every purpose. Each sheet being marked\nin its opposite corners with a plain pencil-mark on its smooth side (vide\n_ant\u00e8_, p. 372.), the surface for {21} all future operations is in all\nlights easily discerned. In my instructions for printing from collodion\nnegatives, a form of iodized paper was given, which, although very good, is\nnot, I think, equal to the following, which is more easily and quickly\nprepared, exhibits a saving of the iodide of potassium, and is upon the\nwhole a neater mode.\n\nTake sixty grains of nitrate of silver and sixty grains of iodide of\npotassium; dissolve each separately in an ounce of distilled water; mix\ntogether and stir with a glass rod. The precipitate settling, the fluid is\nto be poured away; then add distilled water to the precipitate up to four\nounces, and add to it 650 grains of iodide of potassium, which _should_\nre-dissolve the precipitated iodide of silver, and form a perfectly clear\nsolution; but if not, a little more must be carefully added, for this salt\nvaries much, and I have found it to require 720 grains to accomplish the\ndesired object.\n\nThe fluid being put into a porcelain or glass dish, the paper should be\nlaid down upon its surface and immediately removed, and being laid upon a\npiece of blotting-paper with the wet surface uppermost, a glass rod then\npassed over it to and fro ensures the _total expulsion_ of all particles of\nair, which will frequently remain when the mere dipping is resorted to.\nWhen dry, this paper should be soaked in common water for three hours,\nchanging the water twice or thrice, so as to remove all the soluble salts.\nIt should then be pinned up to dry, and, when so, kept in a folio for use.\nI have in this manner prepared from sixty to eighty sheets in an evening\nwith the greatest ease. It keeps good for an indefinite time, and, as all\nexperienced photographers are aware, unless you possess good iodized paper,\nwhich should be of a _primrose_ colour, you cannot meet with success in\nyour after-operations. Iodized paper becomes sometimes of a bright\nbrimstone colour when first made; it is then very apt to brown in its use,\nbut tones down and improves by a little keeping.\n\nTo excite this paper, dissolve thirty grains of nitrate of silver in one\nounce of distilled water, and add a drachm and a half of glacial acetic\nacid; of this solution take one drachm, and one drachm of saturated\nsolution of gallic acid[3], and add to it two ounces and a half of\ndistilled water. The iodized surface of the paper may then be either\nfloated on the surface of the aceto-nitrate of silver or exciting fluid,\nand afterwards a rod passed over, as was formerly done in the iodizing, or\nthe aceto-nitrate may be applied evenly with a brush; but in either\ninstance the surface should be immediately blotted off; and the same\nblotting-paper never used a second time for this, although it may be kept\nto develop on and for other purposes. It will be scarcely needful to\nobserve that this process of exciting must be performed by the light of a\ncandle or feeble yellow light, as must the subsequent development. The\nexcited paper may be now placed for use between sheets of blotting-paper;\nit seems to act equally well either when damp or when kept for many hours,\nand I have found it good for more than a week.\n\nThe time for exposure must entirely depend upon the degree of light. In two\nminutes and a half a good picture may be produced; but if left exposed for\ntwenty minutes or more, little harm will arise; the paper does not\nsolarize, but upon the degree of image visible upon the paper depends the\nmeans of developing. When long exposed, a saturated solution of gallic acid\nonly applied to the exposed surfaces will be sufficient; but if there is\nlittle appearance of an image, then a free undiluted solution of\naceto-nitrate may be used, in conjunction with the gallic acid, the former\nnever being in proportion more than one-third. If that quantity is\nexceeded, either a brownish or an unpleasant reddish tint is often\nobtained. These negatives should be fixed by immersing them in a solution\nof hyposulphite of soda, which may be of the strength of one ounce of salt\nto eight ounces of water--the sufficiency of immersion being known by the\ndisappearance of the yellow colour, and when they have been once immersed\nthey may be taken to the daylight to ascertain this. The hyposulphite must\nnow be perfectly removed by soaking in water, which may extend to several\nhours; but this may be always ascertained by the tongue, for, if tasteless,\nit has been accomplished. If it is deemed advisable--which I think is only\nrequired in very dark over-done pictures--to wax the negative, it is easily\nmanaged by holding a piece of white wax or candle in front of a clean iron\nrather hot, and passing it frequently over the surface. The superabundant\nwax being again removed by passing it between some clean pieces of\nblotting-paper. Although the minuter details can never be acquired by this\nmode which are obtained by the collodion process, it has the advantage of\nextreme simplicity, and by the operator providing himself with a bag or\nsquare of yellow calico, which he can loosely peg down to the ground when\nno other shade is near, to contain spare prepared papers, he can at any\nfuture time obtain a sufficient number of views, which afterwards he can\ndevelop at his leisure.\n\nIt requires no liquids to be carried about with you, nor is that nice\nmanipulation required which attends the collodion process.\n\nThe wax-paper process has been extolled by many, and very successful\nresults have been obtained: the paper has the undoubted advantage of\nkeeping after being excited much longer than any other; but, from my own\nexperience, just so much the weaker it is made, and so as to safely rely\nupon its long remaining useful, so it is proportionally slower in its\naction. And I have rarely seen from {22} wax negatives positives so\nsatisfactory in depth of tone, as from those which have been waxed after\nbeing taken on ordinary paper. It is all very well for gentlemen to\nadvocate a sort of photographic tour, upon which you are to go on taking\nviews day after day, and when you return home at leisure to develop your\npast proceedings: I never yet knew one so lukewarm in this pursuit as not\nto desire to know, at his _earliest possible_ opportunity, the result of\nhis labours; indeed, were not this the case, I fear disappointment would\nmore often result than at present, for I scarcely think any one can exactly\ndecide upon the power of the light of any given day, without having made\nsome little trial to guide him. I have myself, especially with collodion,\nfound the action very rapid upon some _apparently_ dull day; whilst, from\nan unexplained cause, a comparatively brighter day has been less active in\nits photographic results. As in the previous process, I would strongly\nadvise Turner's paper to be used, and not the thin French papers generally\nadopted, because I find all the high lights so much better preserved in the\nEnglish paper. It may be purchased ready waxed nearly as cheap as it may be\ndone by one's self; but as many operators like to possess that which is\nentirely their own production, the following mode will be found a ready way\nof waxing:--Procure a piece of thick smooth slate, a trifle larger than the\npaper to be used; waste pieces of this description are always occurring at\nthe slate works, and are of a trifling value. This should be made very hot\nby laying it close before a fire; then, covered with one layer of thick\nblotting-paper, it will form a most admirable surface upon which to use the\niron. Taking a piece of wax in the left hand, an iron well heated being\npressed against it, it may rapidly be made to flow over the whole surface\nwith much evenness, the surplus wax being afterwards removed by ironing\nbetween blotting-paper. When good, it should be colourless, free from\ngloss, and having the beautiful semi-transparent appearance of the Chinese\nrice-paper. To iodize the paper completely, immerse it in the following\nsolution:\n\n  Iodide of potash           200 grains.\n  Mannite                      6 drachms.\n  Cyanide of potash            5 grains.\n  Distilled water             20 ounces.\n\nAllow it to remain three hours, taking care that air-particles are\nperfectly excluded, and once during the time turning over each sheet of\npaper, as many being inserted as the fluid will conveniently cover, as it\nis not injured by after keeping. It should be then removed from the iodide\nbath, pinned up, and dried, ready for use. When required to be excited, the\npaper should, by the light of a candle, be immersed in the following\nsolution, where it should remain for five minutes:\n\n  Nitrate of silver            4 drachms.\n  Glacial acetic acid          4 drachms.\n  Distilled water              8 ounces.\n\nBeing removed from the aceto-nitrate bath, immerse it into a pan of\ndistilled water, where let it remain about a quarter of an hour. In order\nto make this paper keep a week or two, it must be immersed in a second\nwater, which in point of fact is a mere reduction of the strength of the\nsolutions already used; but for ordinary purposes, and when the paper is to\nbe used within three or four days, one immersion is quite sufficient,\nespecially as it does not reduce its sensitiveness in a needless way. It\nmay now be preserved between blotting-paper, free from light, for future\nuse. The time of exposure requisite for this paper will exceed that of the\nordinary unwaxed, given in the previous directions. The picture may be\ndeveloped by a complete immersion also in a saturated solution of gallic\nacid; but should it not have been exposed a sufficient time in the camera,\na few drops of the aceto-nitrate solution added to the gallic acid greatly\naccelerates it. An excess of aceto-nitrate often produces an unpleasant red\ntint, which is to be avoided. Instead of complete immersion, the paper may\nbe laid upon some waste blotting-paper, and the surface only wetted by\nmeans of the glass rod or brush. The picture may now be fixed by the use of\nthe hyposulphite of soda, as in the preceding process.\n\nIt is not actually necessary that this should be a wax-paper process,\nbecause ordinary paper treated in this way acts very beautifully, although\nit does not allow of so long keeping for use after excitement; yet it has\nthen the advantage, that a negative may either be waxed or not, as shall be\ndeemed advisable by its apparent depth of action.\n\nHUGH W. DIAMOND.\n\n[Footnote 3: the gallic acid was omitted in Issue 166, but inserted by an\nerratum in Issue 168. Also \"a saturated solution of gallic acid\" was\nprinted as \"a solvent solution ...\", \"hyposulphate\" appeared for\n\"hyposulphite\" throughout, and \"solari_s_e\" for \"solari_z_e\"--Transcriber.]\n\n_Exhibition of recent Specimens of Photography at the Society of\nArts._--This exhibition, to which all interested in the art have been\ninvited to contribute, was inaugurated by a conversazione at the Society's\nrooms, on the evening of Wednesday, the 22nd of December: the public have\nsince been admitted at a charge of sixpence each, and it will continue open\nuntil the 8th of January.\n\nWe strongly recommend all our friends to pay a visit to this most\ndelightful collection. By our visit at the crowded conversazione, and\nanother hasty view since, we do not feel justified to enter into a review\nand criticism of the specimens so fully as the subject requires; but in the\nmean time we can assure our arch\u00e6ological readers that they will find there\nsuch interesting records of architectural detail, together with views of\nantiquities from Egypt and Nubia, as will perfectly convince them of the\nvalue of this art with reference to their own immediate pursuits. Those who\nfeel less delight in mere antiquity will be gratified {23} to see, for the\nfirst time, that there are here shown photographs which aim at more than\nthe bare copying of any particular spot; for many of the pictures here\nexhibited may rank as fine works of art. We feel much delicacy and\nhesitation in mentioning any particular artist, where so many are entitled\nto praise, especially in some particular departments. We could point out\npictures having all the minute truthfulness of nature, combined with the\nbeautiful effects of some of the greatest painters. We must, however,\ndirect especial attention to the landscapes of Mr. Turner, the views in the\nPyrenees by Mr. Stewart, and one splendid one of the same locality by Le\nGray. Mr. Buckle's views in paper also exhibit a sharpness and detail\nalmost equal to collodion; as do the various productions of Mr. Fenton in\nwax paper. The effects obtained also by Mr. Owen of Bristol appear to be\nvery satisfactory: why they are, with so much excellence, called\n_experimental_, we cannot tell. In collodion Mr. Berger has exhibited some\neffective portraits; and we think the success of Mr. De la Motte has been\nso great, that in some of his productions little remains to be desired. We\ncannot conclude this brief notice without directing attention to the\nminuteness and pleasing effect of the views in Rome by M. Eug\u00e8ne Constant,\nwhich are also from collodion; as also the specimens from albumen negatives\nof M. Ferrier; and, lastly, to the pleasant fact that lady amateurs are now\npractising this art,--very nice specimens being here exhibited by the\nLadies Nevill, whose example we shall hope to see followed.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Quotation in Locke_ (Vol. vi., p. 386.).--The words \"Si non vis intelligi\nnon debes legi\" were, I believe, the exclamation of St. Jerome, as he threw\nhis copy of Persius into the fire in a fit of testiness at being unable to\nconstrue some tough lines of that tough author. I set down this reply from\nmemory, and am unable to give the authority for it.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\n_Pic-nic_ (Vol. vi., pp. 152. 518.).--The Query of A. F. S. (p. 152.) as to\nthe etymology of _pic-nic_ still remains unanswered. The Note of W. W. (p.\n518.) merely refers to the time (1802) when pic-nic suppers first became\nfashionable in England. Under a French form, the word appears in a speech\nof Robespierre's, quoted in the _British and Foreign Review_ for July,\n1844, p. 620.: \"C'est ici qu'il doit m'accuser, et non dans les\n_piques-niques_, dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res.\" An earlier instance\noccurs in one of Lord Chesterfield's letters (No. 167.), dated October\n1748.\n\nJAYDEE.\n\n_Discovery at Nuneham Regis_ (Vol. vi., pp. 386. 488. 558.).--Nuneham Regis\nwas granted to John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, in the seventh year of\nKing Edward VI.; but as it was forfeited on his attainder, in the first\nyear of Queen Mary, and immediately granted by her to Sir Rowland Hill,\nknight, and citizen of London, from whom Sir Thomas Leigh, knight, and\nalderman of London, almost immediately acquired it; and as he exercised the\nright of presentation to the vicarage in the first year of the reign of\nQueen Elizabeth, there is no probability of the body of John, Duke of\nNorthumberland, being removed from the Tower of London to Newnham.\n\nThe letters T. B. on the clothes on the body at Nuneham are distinctly\nworked in Roman capitals, like those on a common sampler. I have seen them.\n\nJ. S.S.\n\n_Door-head Inscriptions_ (Vol. vi., p. 543.).--\n\n \"Sit mihi nec glis servus nec hospes hirudo.\"\n\n \"From servant lazy as dormouse,\n  Or leeching guest, God keep my house.\"\n\nMR. WOODWARD tells us that he quotes this inscription \"from memory:\" it is\nso very pertinent that it seems a pity even to hint a correction, but, as I\nread it, it seemed partly familiar to me, and I find something so like the\nlatter part of it in two ancient authors, that I am tempted to inquire\nwhether he may not have omitted _one letter_, which alters the sense as\ngiven above, and yet gives a sense as good.\n\nAmong the Symbols of Pythagoras, I read the following:\n\n \"[Greek: Om\u00f4rophious chelid\u00f4nas m\u00ea echein].\"\n\n \"Domesticas hiru_n_dines ne habeto.\"\n\nTo the same effect (but, strange to say, without any reference to\nPythagoras' dictum), we find it in the _proverbia_ of Polydore Virgil (A.D.\n1498):\n\n \"Hiru_n_do suscipienda non est.\"\n\nand the exposition is the same in both:\n\n    \"Hirundo garrula semper, _i.e._ garruli et tumigeri homines recipiendi\n    non sunt.\"\n\nI find no original for the former part of the inscription. Probably MR.\nWOODWARD will agree with me, that it is difficult to decide whether a\ngreedy or a gossipping guest would be the worst household infliction; but\nas a careful householder might well deprecate either, as matter of\ncuriosity perhaps he would refer to the original inscription again, and\ndecide whether he has or has not omitted an \"n.\"\n\nA. B. R.\n\nBelmont.\n\nStratford Parsonage, Wilts:\n\n \"Parva sed apta Domino.\n          1675.\"\n\nMontacute House, Somerset:\n\n \"Through this wide opening gate\n  None come too soon, none go too late.\n              And yours.\"\n\n{24}\n\nSudbury House, Derbyshire:\n\n \"Omne Bonum Dei Donum.\"\n\nAt Verona:\n\n \"Patet Janua, Cor magis.\"\n\nThe next I have seen somewhere:\n\n \"Detur digniori.\"\n\nH. T. ELLACOMBE.\n\nClyst St. George.\n\n_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vi., pp. 386. 513.).--The _pile_ is invariably on\nthe obverse or _head_ side of a coin; and _pile_ or _poll_ both mean the\nhead, from whence the \"poll tax\" and \"poll groat\"--a tax paid by the head,\nor a personal tax, of which we have an historical example of its collector\nin the case of Wat Tyler.\n\nRuding, in _Annals of the Coinage_, vol. ii. p. 119., 8vo., edit. 1819,\nstates that Ed. I. A.D. 1304, in the delivering out the stamps for the\ncoinage, orders that three _piles_ and six _crosses_ shall be given. It is\nwell known to all numismatists that all, or most early coins, both Saxon\nand English, had a head on the obverse and a cross on the reverse--the\nlatter being placed on the coins as symbolical of Christianity.\n\n_Pile_ also means the hair, or any filament: as the \"pile of velvet, the\nnap of woollen cloth,\" &c. And Jamieson, in his _Scotch Dictionary_, says:\n\n    \"PILE. The soft hair which first appears on the chins of young men.\"\n\nColes, Ashe, Webster, and others give the same meaning.\n\nThe superstitious effect of the cross as a charm or amulet is well known;\nfrom whence the saying:\n\n    \"I have never a cross in my purse to keep the Devil away.\"\n\nAgain:\n\n    \"Priests were coin-proof against the Devil, they never being without\n    money; of course, always had a cross in their pocket.\"--Gilpin's\n    _Beehive of the Romish Church_, 1636, p. 251.\n\nAnd Nash, in the Supplication of Pierce Penniless to the Devil, makes\nPierce to say:\n\n    \"Whereas your impious excellence hath had the poore tenement of my\n    purse anytime this half year for your dancing schole, and he,\n    notwithstanding, hath received no penye nor crosse for farme,\" &c.\n\nAnd the poet Skelton says:\n\n \". . . . . . . . and in his pouche,\n  The Devil might dance therein for any crouche.\"\n                                  P. 71.\n\nTrusting the above will be satisfactory to D. W. S., I beg to conclude,\nthinking, you will say I have already made \"much ado about nothing.\"\n\nGODDARD JOHNSON.\n\n_Rhymes upon Places_ (Vol. vi. p. 281.).--Perhaps you will think the\nfollowing rhymes upon places worth insertion:\n\n \"I stood upon Eyemouth Fort,\n  And guess ye what I saw?\n  Fairmiside and Furmintong,\n  Neuhouses and Cocklaw,\n  The fairy fouk o' Fosterland,\n  The witches o' Edincran,\n  The bly-rigs o' Reston;\n  But Dunse dings a'.\"\n\nNear the seaside village of Eyemouth, in Berwickshire, is a promontory\nmarked with a succession of grassy mounds, the remains of a fort built\nthere in the regency of Mary of Lorraine. A number of places are\nrepresented as visible from the fort: but here fact is not strictly adhered\nto.\n\nFosterland once existed in the parish of Bunkle as a small village; but\neven its vestiges are not now visible on the brown moor where it once\nstood. Edincran, properly Auchinchran, is an estate in the vicinity of\nFosterland, as is Reston also. There is a variation as follows:\n\n \"The fairy fouk o' Fosterland,\n  The witches o' Edincran,\n  And the rye-kail o' Reston\n  Gar'd a' the dogs die.\"\n\nThe rye-kail alluded to must have been a broth chiefly made from rye, which\ngrain, it is well known, is sometimes so much tainted as to be poisonous.\n\nC. BENSON.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n[Greek: Arnion] (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--Probably your correspondent is aware\nof the explanation given by Dr. Wordsworth in his book on the Apocalypse,\nbut does not think it satisfactory. Still, as he does not allude to it, I\nventure to transcribe it:\n\n    \"The Apocalypse abounds in contrasts. For example, the LAMB, who is\n    always called [Greek: Amnos], never [Greek: Arnion], in St. John's\n    _Gospel_, is called [Greek: Arnion], never [Greek: Amnos], in St.\n    John's _Apocalypse_, in which [Greek: Arnion] occurs twenty-nine times.\n    And why does [Greek: ho Amnos] here become [Greek: to Arnion]? To\n    _contrast_ Him more strongly with [Greek: to Th\u00earion], that is, to mark\n    the _opposition_ between the LAMB and the Beast.\"\n\nTo this a note is appended:\n\n    \"This contrast is even more striking in the original, where it is aided\n    by an exact correspondence of syllables and accents. On one side are--\n\n     '[Greek: H\u00ea porn\u00ea kai to Th\u00earion]:'\n\n    On the other--\n\n     '[Greek: H\u00ea Numph\u00ea kai to Arnion].'\n\n    See Rev. xxi. 2. 9., xxii. 17.\"--_Is the Church of Rome Babylon?_ p.\n    58.: London, 1851.\n\nA. A. D.\n\n[Greek: Arnion] and [Greek: amnos] both denote a lamb. In John i. 29. 36.,\nthe latter is applied to Jesus by John the {25} Baptist. In Acts viii. 32.,\nand 1 Pet. i. 19., the term is manifestly derived from Isa. liii. 7., the\nSeptuagint translation. But, in the Revelation, the word selected by the\napostle is simply to be viewed as characteristic of his style. Taken in\nconnexion with John i. 29. 36., the difference presents one of those points\nwhich so strikingly attest the authenticity of the Scripture. If the writer\nhad drawn upon his imagination, in all likelihood he would have used the\nword [Greek: arnion] in the Gospel; but he employed another, because the\nBaptist actually made use of a different one, _i. e._ one different from\nthat which he was in the habit of employing.\n\nB. H. COWPER.\n\n_Who was the greatest General_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--In reply to the\nfollowing Query, \"Who was the greatest general, and why and wherefore did\nthe Duke of Wellington give the palm to Hannibal?\" I think the following\nnote appended to the eloquent sermon of Dr. Croly, preached on the death of\nthe Duke, Sept. 19th, not only shows the humility of the Duke in giving\npreference to Hannibal over himself, but it contains so just a comparison\nbetween the two generals, that it deserves recording in the valuable and\nuseful pages of the \"N. & Q.\" as well as being a perfect and true answer to\nC. T.:\n\n    \"It has been usual,\" the note says, \"to compare Wellington with\n    Hannibal. But those who make the comparison seem to forget the facts:--\n\n    \"Hannibal, descending from the Alps with a disciplined force of 26,000\n    men, met the brave Roman Militia, commanded by brave blockheads, and\n    beat them accordingly. But, as soon as he was met by a man of common\n    sense, Fabius, he could do nothing with him; when he met a manoeuvring\n    officer, the Consul Nero, he was outmanoeuvred, and lost his brother\n    Asdrubal's army, which was equivalent to his losing Italy; and when he\n    met an active officer, Scipio, he was beaten on his own ground.\n    Finally, forced to take refuge with a foreign power, he was there a\n    prisoner, and there he died.\"\n\n    \"His administrative qualities seem to have been of the humblest, or of\n    the most indolent, order. For fourteen years he was in possession of,\n    or in influence with, all the powers of southern Italy, then the\n    richest portion of the peninsula. Yet this possession was wrested from\n    him without an effort; and where he might have been a monarch, he was\n    only a pensioner. His _punic_ faith, his flight, his refuge, and his\n    death in captivity, might find a more complete resemblance in the\n    history of Napoleon.\"\n\nThe following, concluding sentence of Dr. Croly's note conveys a truer and\nfar more just comparison with another great general:\n\n    \"The life of the first C\u00e6sar forms a much fairer comparison with that\n    of Wellington. Both nobly born; both forcing their way up through the\n    gradations of service, outstripping all their age; forming their\n    characters by warfare in foreign countries; always commanding small\n    armies, yet always invincible (C\u00e6sar won the World at Pharsalia with\n    only 25,000 men): both alike courageous and clement, unfailing in\n    resources, and indefatigable in their objects; receiving the highest\n    rewards, and arising to the highest rank of their times; never beaten:\n    both of first-rate ability in council. The difference being in their\n    objects; one to serve himself, the other to serve his country; one\n    impelled by ambition, the other by duty; one destroying the\n    constitution of his country, the other sustaining it. Wellington, too,\n    has given the soldier and statesman his 'Commentaries,' one of the\n    noblest transcripts of a great administrative mind.\"\n\nJ. M. G.\n\nWorcester.\n\n_Beech-trees struck by Lightning_ (Vol. vi., p. 129.).--On Thinnigrove\nCommon, near Nettlebed, Oxon, a beech-tree, one of three or four growing\nround a pit, was shattered by lightning about thirteen or fourteen years\nago. A gentleman who has lived sixty years in the neighbourhood of the\nbeech woods near Henly, tells me that he remembers three or four similar\ncases. Single beech-trees, which are very ornamental, generally grow very\nlow and wide-spreading, which may be the reason why they often escape. On\nthe other hand, in the woods where they run up close and very high, they\npresent so many points of attraction to the electric fluid, that probably\nfor that cause it is not often the case that one tree in particular is\nstruck.\n\nCORYLUS.\n\nPortsmouth.\n\n_Passage in Tennyson_ (Vol. vi., p. 272.).--It appears to me that Tennyson\nhas fallen into the error of a Latin construction. I call it an error,\nbecause in that language the varied terminations of the cases and numbers\nmake that plain which we have no means of evidencing in English. I should\ntranslate it \"Numenii strepitus volantis\"--\"The call of the curlew dreary\n(drearily) gleams about the moorland, _as he flies_ o'er Locksley Hall.\"\nThe summer note of the curlew is a shrill clear whistle, but in winter they\nsometimes indulge in a wild melancholy scream.\n\nCORYLUS.\n\nPortsmouth.\n\n_Inscriptions in Churches_ (Vol. vi., p. 510.).--I differ from your reply\nto NORWOOD'S Query, in which you refer to the colloquy between Queen\nElizabeth and Dean Nowell as the origin of these inscriptions. No doubt\nthey were derived from the custom of our ante-Reformation ancestors, of\npainting figures and legends of saints upon the walls of churches; but the\nfollowing instance will suffice to prove that they originated in the reign\nof Edward VI., and not in Queen Elizabeth's.\n\nIn the interesting paper by the Rev. E. Venables in the _Transactions of\nthe Cambridge Camden Society_, on \"The Church of St. Mary the Great,\nCambridge,\" he gives, under the year {26} 1550, the following extracts from\nthe churchwardens' accounts:\n\n \"For makyng of the wall where Saynt\n     George stood in the chyrche                                   vj^d\n  It. payd for wythynge y^e chyrch                          xx^s iiij^d\n  It. payd for _wryghtynge of y^e chyrch\n     walls with Scriptures_                  iiij^{lib} iij^s iiij^d.\"\n\nShortly after the accession of Queen Mary in 1553, the following entry\noccurs:\n\n \"Payd to Barnes for mendyng over the rode\n  and over the altar in the chapell, and _for\n  washing oute the Scriptures_                    4^s  4^d.\"\n\nThey do not appear to have been restored after this, for in the year 1840\nsome of the plaister between two of the windows of the south aisle peeling\noff, discovered traces of \"wryghtynge\" beneath; and I and another member of\nthe Cambridge Camden Society spent some time in laying it bare, and after\nmuch difficulty made out that it was the Lord's Prayer in English, headed,\n\"The Lord's Prayer, called the Paternoster,\" and written in the church text\nof the period, the whole enclosed in a sort of arabesque border; it was not\nmerely whited over, but had evidently been partially effaced, or partly\n\"washed oute,\" before being \"concealed under its dreary shroud of\nwhitewash.\" On examination there were traces of more of this writing\nbetween the other windows, but we had not time to make any further\ninvestigation, for the church was then being cleaned, and in a few days all\nthat we had laid bare was again concealed under a veil of whitewash.\n\nThus, I think, we may assign to the reign of Edward VI., not merely the\nobliteration of the numerous frescoes of St. Christopher, the great dome,\n&c., which are now so constantly coming to light, but also the origin of\n\"wryghtynge of y^e chyrch walls with scriptures\" in their stead, some ten\nor twelve years _earlier_ than the remarkable colloquy between Queen\nElizabeth and the worthy Dean of St. Paul's.\n\nNORRIS DECK.\n\nCambridge.\n\n_Dutensiana_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.).--Lowndes gives a list of Dutens' works,\nwhich does not include \"Correspondence intercept\u00e9e,\" of which he _was_ the\nauthor; and I have seen a presentation copy of it proving this.\n\nW. C. TREVELYAN.\n\n_Early Phonography_ (Vol. vi., p. 424.).--\"Have the modern phonographists\never owned their debt of gratitude to their predecessors in the phonetic\nart?\"\n\nThe subjoined advertisement may perhaps be considered an answer to this\nQuery:\n\n    \"Hart's Orthography, 1569; or, 'An Orthographie conteyning the due\n    order and reason, howe to write or paint thimage of manne's voice, most\n    like to the life or nature. Composed by J. H. [John Hart], Chester\n    Heralt;' reprinted from a copy in the British Museum. Cloth, 2s.\n\n    \"An unanswerable defence of Phonetic Spelling, and one of the earliest\n    schemes of Phonetic Orthography. A considerable portion of the book\n    being printed in the author's Phonetic Alphabet (given in the present\n    edition in Phonetic Longhand), we have thus exhibited the pronunciation\n    of the age of Shakspeare.\"\n\nW. C. TREVELYAN.\n\n_Kentish Local Names; Dray_ (Vol. vi., p. 410.).--In the low embanked land\nin the west of Somersetshire, between Bristol and Taunton, the word _drove_\nis used in the same acceptation; and _driftway_, I think, is also a term\nfor ancient British roads in some parts of the kingdom.\n\nW. C. TREVELYAN.\n\n_Monument at Modstena_ (Vol. vi., p. 388.).--This monument was first\npublished in _Arch\u00e6ologia \u00c6liana_. I believe it is an incised slab; but I\nhave written to a friend in the north to inquire whether I am correct.\n\nW. C. TREVELYAN.\n\n_Book-plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--MR. PARSONS, it appears, limits his\ninquiries to English book-plates, about which I cannot offer any\ninformation. It is certain, however, that book-plates were used on the\nContinent at a very early period. I remember to have seen one, from a\nwood-block, which was cut by Albert D\u00fcrer for his friend Pirkheimer. As it\nis sixteen years since I saw it at the Imperial Library at Vienna, I cannot\nbe expected to give a precise description; but (as far as I recollect) the\nwording of it was as follows: \"Bilibaldi Pirckheimeri et Amicorum.\"\n\nA copy which I possess of Vesalius's great anatomical work (Basil, 1555)\nhas the book-plate of a former Duke of Mecklenburg pasted inside the cover.\nIt is a woodcut, ten inches by six and a half, representing the ducal arms,\nsurrounded by an ornamented border. Beneath are the date and inscription:\n\n   15    E    75\n   H. G. V. V. G.\n  VLRICH H. Z. ME-\n    CKELNBVRG.\n\nI do not know what the first six letters stand for, nor is it worth\ninquiring. The latter part of the inscription--\"Ulrich Herzog zu\nMecklenburg\"--identifies the former possessor of the volume.\n\nJAYDEE.\n\n\"_World without end_\" (Vol. vi., p. 434.).--Besides the places named by F.\nA., this phrase occurs in the authorised version of the Bible, in Is. xlv.\n17., Ep. iii. 21. There is no doubt it is idiomatic, and is even now\noccasionally used in conversation. Our translators render at least three\nHebrew words \"world,\" and as many Greek ones. One of the latter, and two of\nthe former, properly refer to _time_, like the Latin _\u00e6vum s\u00e6culum_; and\nthis also {27} appears to have been the original meaning of \"world,\" as it\nis one which it certainly has frequently in the Scriptures. \"World without\nend\" is the idiomatic rendering, equivalent to \"in s\u00e6cula s\u00e6culorum,\" which\nis a literal following of an idiom common in both the Hebrew and Greek\nScriptures, and to be found in the Chaldee of the Book of Daniel. \"World\nwithout end\" does not occur, so far as I am aware, in the modern European\nlanguages, which generally either follow the Latin \"in s\u00e6cula s\u00e6culorum;\"\nor the German, and say, \"eternally to eternity.\"\n\nB. H. COWPER.\n\n_Gloucester Ballads_ (Vol. iv., p. 311.).--Since I inserted these ballads,\nI have been informed, that the one entitled a \"Gloucester Ditty\" was from\nthe pen of Charles Dibdin, who, paying a visit to the \"fair city,\" was\npressed by some friends to leave them a memento of such. Of my own\nknowledge, I cannot vouch for the truth of this story; my informant's\nveracity is, however, unquestionable. I have recently obtained another\ncopy; like the former, it is without a date, but bears the well-known\nimprint, \"Raikes, Southgate Street.\"\n\nThe \"Old Harry\" is intended for one \"Harry Hudman, King of the Island,\" a\nlow district in Gloucester, a mock officer chosen by the lower orders.\nHarry kept the throne many years, but was at length outvoted; but resolving\nto retain by stratagem what he could not by free choice, invited his\ncompetitor to a glass; and while the latter was taking his draught, Harry\njumped into his seat, was chaired through the island, and was thus king\nanother year. There was a ballad relating to this worthy, commencing--\n\n \"There was a man of renown,\n  In Gloucester's fam'd town.\"\n\nAnother verse informs us that--\n\n         \"Old coffins ne'er new,\n          And old pulpits too,\n  Can be bought at his shop in the island.\"\n\nThe \"Taylor's Tale\" alluded to is a ballad, written by person of that name,\non the manners and customs of the island. I have not been able to obtain\ncopies of either of these just noticed ballads; and should any\ncorrespondent of \"N. & Q.\" possess such, they would oblige me by their\ninsertion.\n\nH. G. D.\n\n_Satirical Prints; Pope_ (Vol. vi., p. 434.).--I have never seen this print\nthat your correspondent refers to. It will no doubt be found, however, to\nbe a plate illustrating a _scene_ in the following tract: \"_A Letter from\nMr. Cibber to Mr. Pope, &c._: London, printed and sold by W. Lewis in\nRussell Street, Covent Garden, 1742,\" see pp. 45, 46, 47, 48, 49., where is\ngiven rather a warm description of the whole scene. Should this tract not\nbe had by GRIFFIN, he may turn to D'Israeli's _Quarrels of Authors_,\narticle \"Pope and Cibber,\" note p. 193., col. 2., edit. 8vo., Moxon, 1840;\nwhere D'Israeli adds:\n\n    \"This story, by our comic writer, was accompanied by a print, that was\n    seen by more persons, probably, than read the _Dunciad_.\"\n\nS. WMSON.\n\n_Raising the Wind_ (Vol. vi., p. 486.).--We say \"the wind rises,\" and this\nis common in Virgil (see _\u00c6neid._ iii. 130. 481.; v. 777.: _Georgics_, i.\n356.; ii. 333.; and iii. 134.). The transition from rising to raising is\neasy; and as there is no sailing without a breeze, so there is no getting\nalong without money: in both cases, the _wind_ is essential to progress. As\nto the mode of obtaining the \"needful,\" I know not much, but probably\nwhistling will be found as effectual in one case as in the other.\n\nB. H. COWPER.\n\n_Milton in Prose_ (Vol. vi., p. 340.).--I know of one performance in the\nFrench language, which answers the description of _Milton in Prose_: it is\na rhapsody entitled _Le Paradis Terrestre, Po\u00ebme imit\u00e9 de Milton_, by\nMadame Dubocage: London, 1748. The French themselves had so poor an opinion\nof it, that one of their wits, the Abb\u00e9 Yart, has ridiculed it in the\nfollowing epigram:\n\n \"Sur cet \u00e9crit, charmante Dubocage,\n    Veux-tu savoir quel est mon sentiment?\n  Je compte pour _perdus_, en lisant ton ouvrage,\n    Le Paradis, mon temps, ta peine, et mon argent.\"\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n_The Arundelian Marbles_ (Vol. iv., p. 361.).--MR. W. SIDNEY GIBSON, in his\naccount of this celebrated collection, quotes portions of an interesting\nletter, from James Theobald to Lord Willoughby de Parham, but he does not\nsay from whence he obtained it. I have now before me two copies, one in\n_Historical Anecdotes of the Howard Family_, a new edition, 1817, p. 101.;\nthe other in a work entitled _Oxoniana_ (published by Richard Phillips, 4\nvols. 12mo., no date), vol. iii. p. 42. Now both these copies differ from\nMR. GIBSON'S, and all three are at variance respecting some of those minor\ndetails which are of so much importance in inquiries of this description.\nWhere is a _genuine_ copy of Mr. Theobald's letter to be found?\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Pambotanologia_ (Vol. vi., p. 462.).--INIVRI will find a full account of\nthis work in Pulteney's _Historical and Biographical Sketches of the\nProgress of Botany in England_, vol. i. p. 181.\n\nGEORGE MUNFORD.\n\nEast Winch.\n\n_Can a Man baptize himself?_ (Vol. vi., pp. 36. 110.).--This question has\nnot yet received any {28} correct answer. The following quotation from the\n_Summa_ of St. Thomas Aquinas will resolve it as far as your querist W. is\nconcerned:\n\n    \"Similiter autem Forma mutaretur, si diceretur 'Ego baptizo me;' et\n    ideo nullus potest baptizare seipsum propter quod et CHRISTUS a Joanne\n    voluit baptizari.\"--_Summa_, 3^{tia} Pars, Qu\u00e6stio lxvi. Art. v. Arg.\n    4.\n\nThe REV. A. GATTY, while right in the negative answer which he gives to the\nquestion of W., is quite wrong in the reasons on which he founds it.\n\"Christian fellowship\" is _not_ of necessity a requisite for administering\nthe sacrament of holy baptism. I quote again from the _Summa_ of St.\nThomas:\n\n    \"Ad primum ergo dicendum, quod Baptismum a schismaticis recipere non\n    licet, nisi in articulo necessitatis: quia melius est de h\u00e2c vit\u00e2 cum\n    signo CHRISTI exire, a quocumque detur, etiam si sit Jud\u00e6us vel\n    Paganus, quam sine hoc signo, quod per Baptismum confertur.\"--_Summa_,\n    2^{nda} Pars, Qu\u00e6stio xxxix. Art. iv. Arg. 1.\n\nAs our own Church apparently only recognises sacerdotal baptism in her\nformularies, in answering such a question as that of W. we must have\nrecourse to the schoolmen and casuists of earlier times.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nSHARP'S PROSE WRITERS. Vol. IV. 21 Vols. 1819. Piccadilly.\n\nINCHBALD'S BRITISH THEATRE. Vol. XXIV. 25 Vols. Longman.\n\nMEYRICK'S ANCIENT ARMOUR, by SKELTON. Part XVI.\n\nDONNE. [Greek: Biathanatos]. 4to. First Edition, 1644.\n\n------ ------ ------ Second Edition, 1648.\n\n---- PSEUDO-MARTYR. 4to.\n\n---- PARADOXES, PROBLEMS, AND ESSAYS, &c. 12mo. 1653.\n\n---- ESSAYS IN DIVINITY. 12mo. 1651.\n\n---- SERMONS ON ISAIAH l. 1.\n\nPOPE'S WORKS, by WARTON. Vol. IX. 1797. in boards.\n\nPERCY SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS. No. 94. Three copies.\n\nMEMOIRS OF THE DUCHESS OF ABRANTES. (Translation.) 8 vols. 8vo. Bentley.\n\nSMITH'S COLLECTANEA ANTIQUA. 2 vols. 8vo.; or Vol. I.\n\nBREWSTER'S MEMOIR OF REV. HUGH MOISES, M.A., Master of Newcastle Grammar\nSchool.\n\nRELIGIO MILITIS; or Christianity for the Camp. Longmans, 1826.\n\nMILTON'S WORKS. The First Edition.\n\nDR. COTTON MATHER'S MEMORABLE PROVIDENCES ON WITCHCRAFT AND POSSESSIONS.\nPreface by Baxter. Date about 1691.\n\nGIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE. Vols. I. and II. of the twelve volume 8vo. edition.\n\nM\u00dcLLER'S NOTES ON THE EUMINIDES OF \u00c6SCHYLUS.\n\nCAMPBELL'S GAELIC POEMS.\n\nCOLUMBUS' CONUNDRUMS.\n\nPOEMS OF \"ALASDAIR MAC MHAIGHSTIR ALASDAIR\" MACDONALD.\n\nTURNER'S COLLECTION OF GAELIC POETRY.\n\nMAC AULAY'S HISTORY OF ST. KILDA.\n\nGRANT'S GAELIC POEMS.\n\nGILLIES' COLLECTION OF GAELIC POEMS.\n\n*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send\ntheir names._\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\n_We have this week been compelled to omit our usual NOTES ON BOOKS, &c._\n\nW. W. (Malta) _is thanked for his suggestion_. _We fear, however, that the\ndifficulties in the way of carrying it out, which are far more than he\nsuspects, will still prevent our doing so, as we have often desired._\n\nPETER THE SAXONIAN _is referred to our_ 1st Vol., p. 102., _where he will\nfind that both Blair and Campbell were anticipated by Norris of Bemerton,\nwho sang of_\n\n \"Angels' visits, short and bright.\"\n\nR. G. L. _The meaning and derivation of_ DITTO _are obvious. It means_ \"the\nsame,\" _from the Italian_ ditto, _the said_.\n\nTOUCHSTONE. _Music is sometimes engraved, sometimes printed from moveable\ntypes._\n\nJ. C., _who inquires whether Shelley first imagined the name of_ Mab, _has,\nwe fear, never read Shakspeare's Romeo and Juliet, or Mercutio's account of\n\"the Fairie's midwife.\" We almost envy him._\n\nF. R. S. (Barkisland). _His Query shall appear, and_ we think _we may\npromise him a full and satisfactory Reply._\n\nH. C. K., _and other Correspondents respecting the inscription at Dewsbury,\nare thanked_.\n\nA. B. _The line_\n\n \"And coming events cast their shadows before,\"\n\n_is from Campbell's_ Lochiel's Warning.\n\nH. B. C. _The Correspondent to whom H. B. C. refers us furnished his name\nand address. But perhaps our Correspondent's Reply had better appear_.\n\nW. H. T. (Salisbury). Ophiomaches _was written by the Rev. Philip Skelton_.\n_See further our_ No. 157., p. 415. _The other Queries shall have early\nattention._\n\nD'OYLEY AND MANT'S COMMENTARY. _With reference to our Note in No. 157., a\nCorrespondent informs us that an edition is now publishing in Parts at 6d.\neach, by Strange_\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY. _Owing to the length of DR. DIAMOND's directions for the Paper\nProcess in our present No., we are compelled to postpone many interesting\ncommunications. DR. DIAMOND's former articles are contained in our Nos.\n151, 152, 153. and 155. All our Nos., however, subsequent to 148., contain\ncommunications on this interesting subject._\n\nTHE INDEX AND TITLE-PAGE _to our Sixth Volume will be ready very shortly_.\n\nBACK NUMBERS OF NOTES AND QUERIES. _Full Price will be given for clean\ncopies of Nos. 27, 28, 29, 30. 59, 60, and 61._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMr. Henri van Laun assists Gentlemen in obtaining a critical knowledge of\nthe French, German, and Dutch languages. From his acquaintance with the\nancient as well as the modern literature of these three languages, and also\nwith the best English authors, he can render his lessons valuable to\ngentlemen pursuing antiquarian or literary researches. He also undertakes\nthe translation of Manuscripts. Communications to be addressed, pre-paid,\nANDREW'S Library, 167. New Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nEnglish counties.--A Catalogue of Interesting and Curious Books relating to\nEnglish Counties is published in the \"Shakspeare Repository,\" and will be\nforwarded to any part of the Kingdom (free) on receipt of eight postage\nstamps, by JAMES H. FENNELL, No. 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nGratis, upon sending a Postage Stamp for franking each:--No. 1. Dunkin's\nHistory of Kent, after the plan of Hasted's History of the County; Dunkin's\nPlan for preserving the Monumental Inscriptions in English Churches;\nDunkin's (of Dartford) Prospectus (8 pages) of his History of Kent.\n\nApply to WILLIAM CHANDLER, Archael Mine Office, Dartford.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{29}\n\nHEAL AND SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three Varieties,--the BORDERED\nQUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The Bordered Quilt is in the usual\nform of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant and luxurious article. The Plain\nQuilt is smaller, and is useful as an extra covering on the bed, as a\nwrapper in the carriage, or on the couch. The Duvet is a loose case filled\nwith Eider Down as in general use on the Continent. Lists of Prices and\nSizes sent free by Post, on application to\n\nHEAL & SON'S Bedding Factory, 196. Tottenham Court Road.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nRALPH'S SERMON PAPER,--This approved Paper is particularly deserving the\nnotice of the Clergy, as, from its particular form (each page measuring 5\u00be\nby 9 inches), it will contain more matter than the size in ordinary use;\nand, from the width being narrower, is much more easy to read: adapted for\nexpeditious writing with either the quill or metallic pen; price 5s. per\nream. Sample on application.\n\nENVELOPE PAPER.--To identify the contents with the address and postmark,\nimportant in all business communications; it admits of three clear pages\n(each measuring 5\u00bd by 8 inches), for correspondence, it saves time and is\nmore economical. Price 9s. 6d. per ream.\n\nF. W. RALPH, Manufacturing Stationer, 36. Throgmorton Street, Bank.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n   _Directors._\n  H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.\n  William Cabell, Esq.\n  T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.\n  G. Henry Drew, Esq.\n  William Evans, Esq.\n  William Freeman, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.\n  J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.\n  T. Grissell, Esq.\n  James Hunt, Esq.\n  J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.\n  E. Lucas, Esq.\n  James Lys Seager, Esq.\n  J. Basley White, Esq.\n  Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n   _Trustees._\n  W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.;\n  L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.;\n  George Drew, Esq.\n\n_Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P.\n\n_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n\n_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       \u00a3   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4\n   22       1  18   8\n   27       2   4   5\n   32       2  10   8\n   37       2  18   6\n   42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nROSS'S PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT AND LANDSCAPE LENSES.--These lenses give\ncorrect definition at the centre and margin of the picture, and have their\nvisual and chemical acting foci coincident.\n\n_Great Exhibition Jurors' Reports_, p. 274.\n\n    \"Mr. Ross prepares lenses for Portraiture having the greatest intensity\n    yet produced, by procuring the coincidence of the chemical actinic and\n    visual rays. The spherical aberration is also very carefully corrected,\n    both in the central and oblique pencils.\"\n\n    \"Mr. Ross has exhibited the best Camera in the Exhibition. It is\n    furnished with a double achromatic object-lens, about three inches\n    aperture. There is no stop, the field is flat, and the image very\n    perfect up to the edge.\"\n\nA. R. invites those interested in the art to inspect the large Photographs\nof Vienna, produced by his Lenses and Apparatus.\n\nCatalogues sent upon Application.\n\nA. ROSS, 2. Featherstone Buildings, High Holborn.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS and VIEWS by the Collodion and Waxed Paper Process.\nApparatus, Materials, and Pure Chemical Preparation for the above\nprocesses, Superior Iodized Collodion, known by the name of Collodio-iodide\nor Xylo-iodide of Silver, 9d. per oz. Pyro-gallic Acid, 4s. per drachm.\nAcetic Acid, suited for Collodion Pictures, 8d. per oz. Crystallizable and\nperfectly pure, on which the success of the Calotypist so much depends, 1s.\nper oz. Canson Fr\u00e8re's Negative Paper, 3s.; Positive do., 4s. 6d.; La\nCroix, 3s.; Turner, 3s. Whatman's Negative and Positive, 3s. per quire.\nIodized Waxed Paper, 10s. 6d. per quire. Sensitive Paper ready for the\nCamera, and warranted to keep from fourteen to twenty days, with directions\nfor use, 11\u00d79, 9s. per doz.; Iodized, only 6s. per doz.\n\n    GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS (sole Agents for Voightlander & Sons' celebrated\n    Lenses), Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS of absolute Purity, especially prepared for this\nArt, may be procured from R. W. THOMAS, Operative Chemist, 10. Pall Mall,\nwhose well-known Preparation of Xylo-Iodide of Silver is pronounced by the\nmost eminent scientific men of the day to excel every other Photographic\nCompound in sensitiveness, and in the marvellous vigour uniformly preserved\nin the middle tints of pictures produced by it. MR. R. W. THOMAS cautions\nPhotographers against unprincipled persons who (from the fact of Xyloidin\nand Collodion being synonymous terms) would lead them to imagine that the\ninferior compound sold by them at half the price is identical with his\npreparation. In some cases even the name of of MR. T.'s Xylo-Iodide of\nSilver has been assumed. In order to prevent such dishonourable practice,\neach bottle sent from his Establishment is stamped with a red label bearing\nhis signature, to counterfeit which is felony.\n\nPrepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, Chemist, &c., 10. Pall Mall.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may\nbe seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured\nApparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of\nPhotography in all its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\n    BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\n    Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBURKE'S (Right Hon. Edmund) WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE.--The NEW EDITION\n(containing the whole of the Contents of the former Edition published in 20\nVolumes, 8vo., at the price of 9l. 5s.) is now completed, handsomely\nprinted in 8 vols. 8vo., with Portrait and Fac-simile, price 4l. 4s.\n\nRIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.\n\n*** The Reflections on the French Revolution may be had separately, price\n4s. 6d. in cloth boards.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for JANUARY 1853, which is the First Number of a\nNew Volume, contains the following articles:--\n\n    1. King Charles I. in the Isle of Wight.\n\n    2. Original Letters of Benjamin Franklin.\n\n    3. Farinelli and Pompadour.\n\n    4. Henry Newcome, the Manchester Puritan.\n\n    5. A Journey to Paris in 1736.\n\n    6. The Cloister Life of Charles V.\n\n    7. The Hill Intrenchments on the Borders of Wales, by T. Wright, F.S.A.\n    (with Engravings).\n\n    8. Report of the Cambridge University Commission.\n\n    9. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban:--1. Pictures of the Immaculate\n    Conception. 2. The Relic of St. Mary Axe. 3. Harley Church, Salop. 4.\n    Etymology of the word Many.\n\nWith Notes of the Month, Reviews of New Publications, Historical Chronicle,\nand OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Earl of Shrewsbury, Countess of\nLovelace, Sir J. J. Guest, Miss Berry, Professor Empson, Mr. Serjeant\nHalcomb, &c. &c.\n\nA Specimen Number sent on the receipt of 2s. 6d. in Postage Stamps.\n\nNICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMILLER'S LONDON LIBRARIAN AND BOOKBUYER'S GAZETTE for January, 1853, in\nAddition to 1000 Valuable Books in all Departments of Literature offered at\nLow Prices, will contain--\n\nFLY LEAVES;\n\nor Scraps and Sketches, Literary, Bibliographical, and Miscellaneous.\n\nContents of No. I.--Address; Milton's Country Residence; Pious Chloe;\nNeglected Biography; Jas. Sibbold; Memorials of Old London; Bibliographical\nNotices; Specimens of Ancient English Poetry; Scraps and Sketches; forming,\nwith the List of Books, 24 pages imp. 8vo., price 2d., or stamped for the\ncountry, 3d.\n\nJust ready,\n\nMILLER'S LONDON LIBRARIAN from January to December, 1852, inclusive; being\nVol. I., handsomely half-bound, price 5s., allowed to purchasers.\n\nJOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nKERR & STRANG, Perfumers and Wig-Makers, 124. Leadenhall Street, London,\nrespectfully inform the Nobility and Public that they have invented and\nbrought to the greatest perfection the following leading articles, besides\nnumerous others:--Their Ventilating Natural Curl; Ladies and Gentlemen's\nPERUKES, either Crops or Full Dress, with Partings and Crowns so natural as\nto defy detection, and with or without their improved Metallic Springs;\nVentilating Fronts, Bandeaux, Borders, Nattes, Bands \u00e0 la Reine, &c.; also\ntheir instantaneous Liquid Hair Dye, the only dye that really answers for\nall colours, and never fades nor acquires that unnatural red or purple tint\ncommon to all other dyes; it is permanent, free of any smell, and perfectly\nharmless. Any lady or gentleman, sceptical of its effects in dyeing any\nshade of colour, can have it applied, free of any charge, at KERR &\nSTRANG'S, 124. Leadenhall Street.\n\nSold in Cases at 7s. 6d., 15s., and 20s. Samples, 3s. 6d., sent to all\nparts on receipt of Post-office Order or Stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{30}\n\nMURRAY'S\n\nRAILWAY READING:\n\n    Containing Works of Sound Information and Innocent Amusement, printed\n    in large Readable Type, varying in size and price, and suited for all\n    Classes of Readers.\n\nThis Day is Published,\n\nLITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS. By HENRY HALLAM. 2s.\n\nThe former Volumes are--\n\nLIFE AND CHARACTER OF WELLINGTON. By LORD ELLESMERE. 6d.\n\nMUSIC AND DRESS. Two Essays. 1s.\n\nTHE EMIGRANT. By SIR F. B. HEAD. 2s. 6d.\n\nART OF DINING; or, Gastronomy and Gastronomers. 1s. 6d.\n\nJOAN OF ARC; an Historical Essay. By LORD MAHON. 1s.\n\nLITERARY ESSAYS FROM \"THE TIMES.\" 4s.\n\nNIMROD ON THE TURF. 1s. 6d.\n\nLAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH. 5s.\n\nLIFE of THEODORE HOOK. 1s.\n\nJAMES' FABLES OF \u00c6SOP. 100 Woodcuts. 2s. 6d.\n\nLORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF THE \"FORTY-FIVE.\" 3s.\n\nBEES AND FLOWERS. Two Essays. 1s. each.\n\nGIFFORD'S DEEDS OF NAVAL DARING. 2s. 6d.\n\nNIMROD ON THE CHACE AND THE ROAD. 1s. each.\n\nOLIPHANT'S JOURNEY TO NEPAUL. 2s. 6d.\n\nTo be followed by--\n\nA POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.\n\nFALL OF JERUSALEM. By DEAN MILMAN.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street;\n\nAnd to be obtained at all Booksellers, and Railway Stations.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n    Now ready, in 8vo., price 14s. cloth, lettered, with a lithograph\n    fac-simile of the corrected folio of 1632,\n\nNOTES and EMENDATIONS TO THE TEXT OF SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS, from early\nManuscript Corrections in a Copy of the Folio of 1632 in the possession of\nJOHN PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., F.S.A., forming a Supplemental Volume to the\nWorks of Shakspeare by the same Editor, in eight vols. 8vo.\n\nAs only a limited number of the above Work have been printed, purchases of\n\"Mr. Collier's Shakspeare\" are requested to complete their sets without\ndelay.\n\nWHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nOn 1st of January, price 1s., No. I. New Series.\n\nTHE ECCLESIASTIC.\n\nCONTENTS:\n\n  Latin Poetry, Classical and Medi\u00e6val.\n  Cathedral and Collegiate Reform.\n  Sir F. B. Head's Fortnight in Ireland.\n  The Bishop of Exeter's Letter on Confession.\n  Greek Hymnology.\n  Reviews and Notices.\n\nThe Publisher, at the suggestion of friends, and with a view to extending\nits circulation amongst Clergy and Laity, has reduced the price from Two\nShillings to One Shilling, for which he can only look to be reimbursed by a\nlarge increase in the sale.\n\nA few sets of Fourteen Volumes complete may be had, price 5l.\n\nNow ready, price 1s., Part II. of\n\nCONCIONALIA; Outlines of Sermons for Parochial Use throughout the Year. By\nthe REV. HENRY THOMPSON, M.A., Cantab., Curate of Wrington, Somerset. It\ncontains Sermons for the Second Sunday after Christmas: First, Second,\nThird, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Sundays after Epiphany; Septuagesima\nSunday; Sexagesima Sunday; The Circumcision, Epiphany, and Conversion of\nSt. Paul. To be continued monthly. Part I. price 1s.\n\nLondon: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street, and New Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.\n\n(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)\n\nOf Saturday, December 25, contains Articles on\n\n  Ammonia sulphate of, by Mr. Prideaux\n  Berwickshire Farmers' Club\n  Butter, taste in\n  Calendar, horticultural\n  Cattle, to feed\n  ---- quarter evil, &c. in\n  ---- to measure\n  Cork insect (with engraving)\n  Cottage, labourer's\n  Cucumber, Hunter's\n  Draining, by Mr. Hewitt Davis\n  Eau de lessive\n  Flax fibre\n  Game-laws\n  Glass walls\n  Grafting, wax\n  Grapes, colouring, by Mr. Watson\n  Guano, Peruvian, substitute for\n  Haygarth (Mr.), presentation to\n  Land Question, by Hamilton, Rev.\n  Maize\n  Manure tank, liquid, by Mr. Rothwell\n  Mechi's (Mr.) address\n  Mildew, vine\n  Pears, late, by Mr. Rivers\n  Pentas carnea, cellular tissue of\n  Pigs, greaves for\n  Plant growing, amateur\n  Ploughing\n  Potatoes, to cook, by Mr. Cuthill\n  Poultry\n  Poultry show, report of the Hitchin and Dorchester\n  Roots after tares, by Mr. Mechi\n  Roses in pots, culture of\n  Skimmia Laureola\n  Smithfield Club; implements\n  Societies, proceedings of the Linnean;\n    Botanical of Edinburgh;\n    Flax Improvement;\n    Coggeshall Agricultural\n  Strabo's Geography, by Meyer, reviewed\n  Tomato, cherry\n  Tree of 10,000 images\n  ---- transplanting a large\n  Van Diemen's Land, enchanted valley in\n  Vine mildew\n  Walls, conservative\n  ---- Ewing's glass\n  Wheat, late sowing\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to\nthe above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices,\nwith returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed\nMarkets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the\ntransactions of the week_.\n\nORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington\nStreet, Covent Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES.\n\n*** The Fourteenth Century is in the Press and will be ready shortly.\n\nThe Prospectus, Table of Contents, and List of Plates, &c. in the Volume,\nmay be had free by Post on application.\n\nBOOKS FOR PRESENTS.\n\nThe Fifth Edition of THE GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURE. Three Volumes.\nIllustrated by upwards of 1700 Engravings.\n\nIn Octavo. One Guinea, RICKMAN'S GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.\n\n12mo., 3s. 6d., AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. By J.\nH. PARKER, F.S.A.\n\n*** A Catalogue of Old and Second-hand Books from the Stock of JOHN HENRY\nPARKER, Oxford, is now being issued, and may be had on application.\n\nOxford & London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, fcp. 8vo. 6s.\n\nDEMOCRITUS IN LONDON; with the Mad Pranks and Conceits of Motley and Robin\nGoodfellow: to which are added Notes Festivous, &c. By GEORGE DANIEL,\nAuthor of \"Merrie England in the Olden Time,\" \"The Modern Dunciad,\" &c.\n\n\"An exquisite metrical conceit, sparkling with wit and humour, in the true\nspirit of Aristophanes, in which Democritus guides his brilliant and merry\nmuse through every fantastic measure, evincing grace in the most grotesque\nattitudes. As a relief to his cutting sarcasm and fun, the laughing\nphilosopher has introduced some fine descriptive scenes, and passages of\ndeep pathos, eloquence, and beauty. Not the least remarkable feature in\nthis very remarkable book are the recondite and curious notes, at once so\ncritical and philosophical, so varied and so amusing, so full of\ninteresting anecdote and racy reminiscences. They form a rich mine of\nclassical learning and antiquarian knowledge. To genius and virtue\nDemocritus will prove a delightful companion and friend, but a well-pickled\nrod to vice and folly--a scourge to make wince hollow pretenders of every\nkind--even down to the critical impostor and the stage-struck\nbuffoon.\"--See _Athen\u00e6um_, _Critic_, &c.\n\nWILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSPANISH CATALOGUE.--Just issued, B. QUARITCH'S Catalogue of Rare and\nValuable Spanish and Portuguese Books, gratis on application.\n\nBERNARD QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nITALIAN LITERATURE.--Just issued, B. QUARITCH'S Catalogue of Cheap,\nValuable, and Curious Italian Books, gratis on application.\n\nBERNARD QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{31}\n\nNow ready, small 4to., handsomely bound in cloth 2l. 2s.; morocco, 2l. 12s.\n6d.\n\nPOETRY OF THE YEAR, PASSAGES FROM THE POETS DESCRIPTIVE OF THE SEASONS.\n\nWITH TWENTY-TWO COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DRAWINGS BY THE FOLLOWING\nEMINENT ARTISTS.\n\n  T. CRESWICK, R.A.\n  C. DAVIDSON.\n  W. LEE.\n  J. MULLER.\n  E. DUNCAN.\n  BIRKET FOSTER.\n  D. COX.\n  H. LE JEUNE.\n  W. HEMSLEY.\n  C. BRANWHITE.\n  J. WOLF.\n  C. WEIGALL.\n  HARRISON WEIR.\n  R. R.\n  E. V. B.\n  LUCETTE E. BARKER.\n\n    \"Bids fair to be the most beautiful and attractive of the 'Gift Books'\n    of the present season. The designs, which are for the most part\n    exceedingly good, have been lithographed, and printed in colours, so as\n    to present the appearance of exquisite and really well-finished\n    drawings, and the letter-press is compiled from the works of our most\n    standard writers. This, in our opinion, is by far the best plan for\n    illustrated works. The words should be worthy of the pictures, and then\n    those who go to the expense of such works have the satisfaction of\n    knowing that they have got the best of their kind, in both the text and\n    the illustrations, instead of having, as is too often the case, capital\n    pictures and second or third-rate prose or poetry. The book before us\n    is, in every way, worthy to be placed upon the drawing-room table of\n    her most gracious Majesty, and we doubt not that it will shortly be\n    found there.\"--_English Churchman._\n\n    \"'Poetry of the Year' is a most richly illustrated volume, containing\n    more than a score of beautiful designs lithographed and printed in\n    colours with a delightful effect. Several of them (we may instance the\n    timber waggon on the wintry road, the rich summer sunset, the view of\n    Windermere, the group of cattle, and the children gathering spring\n    flowers) have the effect of finished water-colour drawings; and when we\n    add that among the contributors of designs are Mr. Creswick, Mr. David\n    Cox, Mr. Duncan, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Weir, E. V. B., and others hardly\n    less admired, the reader will understand that the volume is above the\n    average of illustrated books generally. We have to say also that the\n    accompanying passages from the poets are extremely well made, with a\n    true feeling and a catholic taste. The volume well deserves\n    success.\"--_Examiner._\n\n    \"This is a charming volume, as much to be prized for the value of the\n    letter-press, as admired for the beauty of the illustrations--a remark\n    applicable to few books so ornamental. The poetry consists of\n    selections from English classic authors, on subjects connected with the\n    four seasons....\n\n    Altogether, the volume is worthy of high praise, and will doubtless be\n    a favourite gift-book of the new year, having also the advantage of\n    being a book of pleasant reference for all the year round.\"--_Literary\n    Gazette._\n\nGEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFIRST FRENCH BOOK, BY THE REV. T. K. ARNOLD.\n\nIn 12mo., price 5s. 6d. The Third Edition of\n\nTHE FIRST FRENCH BOOK:\n\nOn the Plan of \"Henry's First Latin Book.\"\n\nBy the REV. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A.\n\nRector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Author\nof the \"First German Book.\"\n\n    \"Mr. Arnold has succeeded in preparing a work admirably adapted to meet\n    the wants of English students of the French Language. The philosophical\n    explanation of the changes of consonants, together with the frequent\n    references to Latin words and idioms by way of illustration and\n    comparison, render it far superior as a school-book to any other\n    introduction, even from the pen of a native writer. The sound\n    principles of imitation and repetition which have secured for the\n    author a reputation widely extended and well deserved, are here happily\n    exemplified. His account of the differences of idiom is very\n    satisfactory and complete:--whoever thoroughly masters it, will rarely\n    want anything further on the subject.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\n  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;\n  Of whom may be had,\n  A KEY to the Exercises, by M. DELILLE. Price 2s. 6d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, price Sixpence, or sent Free on receipt of Eight Postage\nStamps,\n\nFENNELL'S SHAKESPEARE REPOSITORY;\n\n    Containing interesting Articles on the True Orthography and Etymology\n    of Shakspeare's Name; Remarks on his Bequest to his Wife; Shakspeare\n    considered as a Comic Writer; Curious Account of a Great and\n    Destructive Flood at Stratford-on-Avon in his Time; The Government and\n    Shakspeare's House; Remarks on Shakspeare's Gallantry; Notes on his\n    Pedigree; On Shakspeare's Manuscripts; Old London Theatres; Some\n    Accounts of his Mulberry Tree and Walnut Tree; Ancient Verses on his\n    coming to London, &c. &c.\n\nPublished by JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{32}\n\nBOOKS ON SALE BY\n\nJOHN RUSSELL SMITH,\n\n36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.\n\nHOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary Introduction by\nan Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 54 Engravings, being the most accurate\ncopies ever executed of these gems of Art, and a Frontispiece of an Ancient\nBedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with a Dance of Death carved on it, engraved\nby Fairholt, cloth, 9s.\n\n    \"The designs are executed with a spirit and fidelity quite\n    extraordinary. They are indeed most truthful.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\nLOWER'S (M. A.) ESSAYS ON ENGLISH SURNAMES. 2 vols. post 8vo. Third\nEdition, greatly enlarged. Cloth, 12s.\n\nBIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA LITERARIA; or Biography of Literary Characters of\nGreat Britain and Ireland, arranged in Chronological Order. By THOMAS\nWRIGHT, M.A., F.S.A., Member of the Institute of France. 2 thick vols. 8vo.\nCloth. Vol. I. Anglo-Saxon Period. Vol. II. Anglo-Norman Period. 6s. each,\npublished at 12s. each.\n\nPublished under the superintendence of the Royal Society of Literature.\n\nCOINS. An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins. By J. Y.\nAKERMAN. Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from the original coins,\n6s. 6d.\n\nCOINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and illustrated. By J.\nY. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly enlarged with plates and\nwoodcuts, 10s. 6d. cloth.\n\nGUIDE TO ARCH\u00c6OLOGY. An Arch\u00e6ological Index to Remains of Antiquity of the\nCeltic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,\nfellow and secretary of the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. illustrated\nwith numerous engravings, comprising upward of 500 objects, cloth 15s.\n\n    \"One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility of\n    comparison, and here it is furnished him at one glance. The plates,\n    indeed, form the most valuable part of the book, both by their number\n    and the judicious selection of types and examples which they contain.\n    It is a book which we can, on this account, safely and warmly recommend\n    to all who are interested in the antiquities of their native\n    land.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"A book of such utility--so concise, so clear, so well condensed from\n    such varied and voluminous sources--cannot fail to be generally\n    acceptable.\"--_Art Union._\n\nWRIGHT'S (THOS.) ESSAYS ON THE LITERATURE, POPULAR SUPERSTITIONS, AND\nHISTORY OF ENGLAND in the MIDDLE AGES. 2 vols. post 8vo. cloth, 16s.\n\nWRIGHT'S (THOS.) ST. PATRICK'S PURGATORY: an Essay on the Legends of\nPurgatory, Hell, and Paradise, current during the Middle Ages. Post 8vo.\ncloth, 6s.\n\nTHE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral tradition.\nEdited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with 38 Designs by W. B.\nScott. 4s. 6d. cloth.\n\nPOPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations; a Sequel to\n\"The Nursery Rhymes of England.\" Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Royal 18mo. 4s.\n6d.\n\nLOWER'S CURIOSITIES OF HERALDRY, with Illustrations from Old English\nWriters. 8vo. Numerous Engravings. Cloth, 14s.\n\nHERALDS' VISITATIONS. An Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the\nHeraldic Visitations and other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum. By\nG. SIMS, of the Manuscript Department. 8vo. closely printed in double\ncolumns, cloth, 15s.\n\n*** An indispensable book to those engaged in genealogical or topographical\npursuits, affording a ready clue to the pedigrees and arms of above 30,000\nof the gentry of England, their residences, &c. (distinguishing the\ndifferent families of the same name in every country), as recorded by the\nHeralds in their Visitations, with Indexes to other genealogical MSS. in\nthe British Museum. It has been the work of immense labour. No public\nlibrary ought to be without it.\n\nCONSUETUDINES KANCI\u00c6. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable Customs\nin the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A. (Cantianus),\nillustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume, 8vo. cloth, 15s.\n\nBRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ROMAN WALL\nFROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and 194 woodcuts, half\nmorocco, 1l. 1s.\n\nBOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 8vo.\nclosely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12s.\n\n    \"This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost an\n    entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a very\n    moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in the former\n    expensive edition, with a great accession of new words and\n    matter.\"--_Author's Preface._\n\nANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from Anglo-Saxon\nLiterature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay, and Notes, critical\nand explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the University of Giessen, 2\nthick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12s. (original price 18s.)\n\nA DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the Language.\nBy the Rev. W. BARNES, of St. John's College, Cambridge, author of the\nPoems and Glossary in the Dorset Dialect. 12mo. cloth, 2s. 6d.\n\n    \"To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own native\n    English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is indispensable; and we\n    have never seen an introduction better calculated than the present to\n    supply the wants of a beginner in a short space of time. The\n    declensions and conjugations are well stated, and illustrated by\n    references to the Greek, Latin, French, and other languages. A\n    philosophical spirit pervades every part. The Delectus consists of\n    short pieces on various subjects, with extracts from Anglo-Saxon\n    History and the Saxon Chronicle. There is a good Glossary at the\n    end.\"--_Athen\u00e6um, Oct. 20, 1849._\n\nFACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS. By W. A.\nCHATTO, Author of \"Jackson's History of Wood Engraving,\" in one handsome\nvol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and coloured, cloth,\n1l. 1s.\n\n    \"It is exceedingly amusing.\"--_Atlas._\n\n    \"Curious, entertaining, and really learned book.\"--_Rambler._\n\n    \"Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest\n    approbation.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even to\n    persons who never play at cards.\"--_Tait's Mag._\n\nBIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA: a Bibliographical account of the Music and\nPoetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth\nCenturies, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets, Ayres, Canzonets, &c. By\nDR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5s.\n\nA DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs,\nand Ancient Customs from the reign of Edward I. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL,\nF.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. containing upwards of 1,000 pages closely\nprinted in double columns, cloth 1l. 1s.\n\nIt contains about 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered\nGlossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the reading\nof the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians, and other authors,\nwhose works abound with allusions, of which explanations are not to be\nfound in ordinary Dictionaries and books of reference. Most of the\nprincipal Archaisms are illustrated by examples selected from early\ninedited MSS. and rare books, and by far the greater portion will be found\nto be original authorities.\n\nA LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick Books, MS.\nand Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo. pp. 240, half-bound in\nmorocco, 6s.\n\n  ----Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old,\n  Now cheaply bought for thrice their weight in gold.\n\nGUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose, for the\nUse of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth, 5s. 6d.\n\n*** This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or to those well\nversed in other languages.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, January 1. 1853.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 166, January 1, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":29963}