{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42786/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42786","id":"gutenberg_42786","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42786","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Other","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare indicated by footnotes to the relevant item.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{125}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 171.]\nSATURDAY, FEBRUARY 5. 1853\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                    Page\n\n  Jacob Grimm on the Genius and Vocation of the English\n    Language                                                   125\n\n  Preservation of valuable Papers from Damp; Drying Closets    126\n\n  Position of the Clergy in the Seventeenth Century, by\n    J. Lewelyn Curtis                                          126\n\n  General Wolfe                                                127\n\n  Inscriptions in Books                                        127\n\n  FOLK LORE:--Baptismal Custom--Subterranean Bells--\n    Leicestershire Custom--Hooping Cough: Hedera Helix         128\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--The Aught And Forty Daugh--Alliterative\n    Pasquinade--The Names \"Bonaparte\" and \"Napoleon\"--A\n    Parish Kettle--Pepys's Diary; Battle of St. Gothard--\n    First Folio Shakspeare--An ancient Tombstone               128\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Excessive Rainfall, by Robert Rawlinson                      130\n\n  Baptist Vincent Lavall, by William Duane                     130\n\n  Graves of Mickleton, co. Gloucester, by James Graves         130\n\n  Searson's Poems                                              131\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Haberdon or Habyrdon--Holles Family--\"To\n    lie at the Catch\"--Names of Planets: Spade--Arms in\n    painted Glass--The sign of \"The Two Chances\"--\n    Consecrators of English Bishops--A nunting Table--John\n    Pictones--Gospel Place--York Mint--Chipchase of\n    Chipchase--Newspapers--On alleged historical Facts--\n    Costume of Spanish Physicians--Genoveva--Quotation--\n    \"God and the World\"--\"Solid Men of Boston\"--Lost MS.\n    by Alexander Pennecuik--\"The Percy Anecdotes\"--Norman\n    Song--God's Marks--The Bronze Statue of Charles I.,\n    Charing Cross                                              132\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Hutter's Polyglott--Ethnology\n    of England--Pitt of Pimperne--\"The Bottle Department\" of\n    the Beer-trade                                             134\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Bishop Pursglove (Suffragan) of Hull, by John I. Dredge,\n    &c.                                                        135\n\n  The Gregorian Tones by Dr. E. F. Rimbault                    136\n\n  Love's Labour's Lost, Act V. Sc. 2., by Thos. Keightley      136\n\n  Ni\u00e1gara or Niag\u00e1ra, by Robert Wright                         137\n\n  Drengage, by Wm. Sidney Gibson                               137\n\n  Chatterton                                                   138\n\n  Literary Frauds of Modern Times                              139\n\n  Sir H. Wotton's Letter to Milton                             140\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Sir W. Newton's\n    Process--Collodion Film on Copper Plates--Treatment\n    of the Paper Positive after fixing                         140\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Essay for a New Translation of\n    the Bible--Touchstone--Early Edition of Solinus--Straw\n    Bail--Doctor Young--Scarfs worn by Clergymen--Cibber's\n    Lives of the Poets--\"Letters on Prejudice\"--Statue of\n    St. Peter, &c.                                             142\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 146\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    146\n\n  Advertisements                                               146\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nJACOB GRIMM ON THE GENIUS AND VOCATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.\n\nI send you a very eloquent tribute to the genius and power of the English\nlanguage by Jacob Grimm, extracted from a paper entitled \"Ueber den\nUrsprung der Sprache,\" read before the Royal Academy of Berlin, January 9,\n1851, and contained in the _Transactions_ of that Society, \"Section of\nPhilology and History for 1851,\" p. 135.: Berlin, 4to., 1852:--\n\n    \"Jacob Grimm _Ueber den Ursprung der Sprache_. Abhandlungen der K.\n    Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1851.\n\n    \"Keine, unter allen neueren Sprachen, hat gerade durch das Aufgeben und\n    Zerr\u00fctten alter Lautgesetze, durch den Wegfall beinahe s\u00e4mmtlicher\n    Flexionen, eine gr\u00f6ssere Kraft und St\u00e4rke empfangen, als die Englische,\n    und von ihrer nicht einmal _lehrbaren_, nur _lernbaren_ F\u00fclle freier\n    Mittelt\u00f6ne ist eine wesentliche Gewalt des Ausdrucks abh\u00e4ngig geworden,\n    wie sie vielleicht noch nie einer andern menschlichen Zunge zu Gebote\n    stand. Ihre ganze \u00fcberaus geistige, wunderbar gegl\u00fcckte Anlage und\n    Durchbildung war hervorgeganen aus einer \u00fcberraschenden Verm\u00e4hlung der\n    beiden edelsten Sprachen des sp\u00e4teren Europas, der Germanischen und\n    Romanischen, und bekannt ist, wie im Englischen sich beide zu einander\n    verhalten, indem jene bei weitem die sinnliche Grundlage hergab, diese\n    die geistigen Begriffe zuf\u00fchrte. Ja, die Englische Sprache, von der\n    nicht umsonst auch der gr\u00f6sste und \u00fcberlegenste Dichter der neuen Zeit\n    im Gegensatz zur classischen alten Poesie, ich kann nat\u00fcrlich nur\n    Shakespeare meinen, gezeugt und getragen worden ist, sie darf mit\n    vollem Recht eine Weltsprache heissen, und scheint gleich dem\n    Englischen Volke ausersehn k\u00fcnftig noch in h\u00f6herem Masse an allen Enden\n    der Erde zu walten. Denn an Reichthum, Vernunft und gedr\u00e4ngter F\u00fcge\n    l\u00e4sst sich keine aller noch lebenden Sprachen ihr an die Seite setzen,\n    auch unsere Deutsche nicht, die zerrissen ist, wie wir selbst zerrissen\n    sind, und erst manche Gebrechen von sich absch\u00fctteln m\u00fcsste, ehe sie\n    k\u00fchn mit in die Laufbahn tr\u00e4te.\"\n\n    (_Translation._)\n\n    Of all modern languages, not one has acquired such great strength and\n    vigour as the English. It has accomplished this by simply freeing\n    itself from the ancient phonetic laws, and casting off almost all {126}\n    inflections; whilst, from its abundance of intermediate sounds\n    [_Mittelt\u00f6ne_[1]], tones not even to be taught, but only to be learned,\n    it has derived a characteristic power of expression such as perhaps was\n    never yet the property of any other human tongue. Its highly spiritual\n    genius, and wonderfully happy development, have proceeded from a\n    surprisingly intimate alliance of the two oldest languages of modern\n    Europe--the Germanic and Romanesque.[2] It is well known in what\n    relation these stand to one another in the English language. The former\n    supplies the material groundwork, the latter the higher mental\n    conceptions. Indeed, the English language, which has not in vain\n    produced and supported the greatest, the most prominent of all modern\n    poets (I allude, of course, to Shakspeare), in contradistinction to the\n    ancient classical poetry, may be called justly a LANGUAGE OF THE WORLD:\n    and seems, like the English nation, to be destined to reign in future\n    with still more extensive sway over all parts of the globe. For none of\n    all the living languages can be compared with it as to richness,\n    rationality, and close construction [Vernunft und gedr\u00e4ngter F\u00fcge], not\n    even the German--which has many discrepancies like our nation, and from\n    which it would be first obliged to free itself, before it could boldly\n    enter the lists with the English.\n\nI transmit the text, as many of your readers may prefer the extract--as\nmost \"foreign extracts\" are preferred--\"neat as imported:\" although, owing\nto the kindness of a friend, it is fairly represented in the translation.\nIt is however very difficult to find words which precisely express the\nmeaning of German scientific terms.\n\nS. H.\n\n[Footnote 1: _Mittelt\u00f6ne_ are those sounds which stand between the three\nfundamental vowels, _a_, _i_, _u_, as pronounced by the continental\nnations.]\n\n[Footnote 2: _Romanesque._ Those languages which have descended from the\nLatin, as the Spanish, Frank, or French, &c.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPRESERVATION OF VALUABLE PAPERS FROM DAMP; DRYING CLOSETS.\n\nThe desiccative powers of lime are familiar to chemists, and, I believe, to\nmany practical men; but I do not know of lime having been used for the\nabove purpose.\n\nA strong chest, in my possession, containing important papers (title-deeds,\nmarriage certificates, &c.), gradually became damp, and subjected its\ncontents to a slow process of decay. This arose, I found, from a defect in\nits construction, wood having been improperly introduced into the latter,\nand concealed; so that some singular chemical compounds would appear to\nhave been formed. The papers were gradually injured to an extent enforcing\nattention; and the process continued in them after their removal into a\nwell-constructed chest, giving me the impression of a process resembling\nthe action of a ferment. Several attempts were made to dry them by fires,\nthe rays of the sun, &c.; but the damp was always renewed.\n\nThey were thoroughly dried in a very few days, and permanently kept dry, by\nplacing and keeping in the chest a box containing a little quicklime.\n\nAt a later period, a large closet, so damp as to render articles mouldy,\nwas thoroughly dried, and kept dry, by a box containing lime.\n\nThe chest was about 2 feet 6 inches, by 2 feet 1 inch, and 1 foot 8 inches;\nand the box placed in it for several months was about 1 foot 2\u00bd inches, by\n8\u00bd inches, and 3 inches. After about a year, although no very perceptible\ndamp was discovered, yet, in consequence of the value of the papers, and\nthe beauty of some of them as manuscripts, I introduced two such boxes.\nThese proportions were selected to enable the boxes to stand conveniently\non a shelf with account-books and packages of papers.\n\nThe closet is about 11 feet 4 inches, by 2, irregular dimensions, which I\nestimate at about 6 feet, and 2 feet 4 inches. The box used in this case is\n1 foot 4 inches, by 11 inches, and 7 inches.\n\nThe lime should be in pieces of a suitable size. For the chest, I prefer\npieces about the size of a large English walnut; for the closet, of an\norange.\n\nIt is necessary either that the box should be strongly made, or be formed\nof tin, or other metal, on account of the lateral expansive force of the\nlime. Room for expansion upwards is not sufficient protection. The same\nexpansion renders it necessary that the box should not be more than\ntwo-fifths filled with fresh lime.\n\nI leave the tops open. If covered, they must be so disposed that the air\nwithin the boxes shall freely communicate with that of the chest or closet.\n\nI have used these boxes several years, and only changed the lime once a\nyear.\n\nB. H. C.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPOSITION OF THE CLERGY IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.\n\nThe _Proceedings and Papers_ of the Historic Society of Lancashire and\nCheshire, Session IV., 1851-2, include a paper contributed by Thomas\nDorning Hibbert, of the Middle Temple, Esq., being the second of a series\nof \"Letters relating to Lancashire and Cheshire, temp. James I., Charles\nI., and Charles II.\"\n\nOne of these letters, written in or about the year 1605, by the Rev.\nWilliam Batemanne, from Ludgarsall (Ludgar's Hall), \"a parish which lies in\nthe counties of Oxford and Bucks,\" and addressed \"to his louinge father\nIhon Batemanne, alderman at Maxfelde\" (Macclesfield), contains, as the\nlearned contributor remarks, \"strong confirmation of Mr. Macaulay's\ncontroverted statement, that the country clergy occupied a very humble\nposition in the sixteenth and seventeenth {127} centuries.\" He adds, that\n\"no clergyman could now be found who would think of sending his sister to\nan inn to learn household matters.\"\n\nThe Rev. William Batemanne, \"who appears to have been educated at Oxford,\"\nwrites thus:\n\n    \"... My sister Katren is placed in a verie good house in Bissiter\n    [Bicester], wher shea shall learne to doe all manner of thinges that\n    belonge to a good huswyfe. It is a vitailinge house greatlie occupied.\n    Shea shall not learne onelie to dresse meate and drinke excellent well,\n    but allso bruinge, bakinge, winnowinge, with all other thinges\n    theirunto appertaininge, for they are verie rich folkes, and verie\n    sharpe and quicke both of them. The cause why my Ant received her not,\n    as shea answered us, was because all this winter shea intendeth to have\n    but one servant woman, and shea thought my sister was not able to doe\n    all her worke, because shea imagined her to be verie raw in theire\n    countrey worke, w^{ch} thinge trewlie shea that hath her now did\n    thinke, and theirefore her wage is the slenderer, but xvj^s [16s.],\n    w^{ch} in this place is counted nothinge in effecte for such a strong\n    woman as shea is; but I bringinge her to Bissiter uppon Wednesday,\n    beinng Michaelmas even, told her dame the wage was verie small, and\n    said I trusted shea would mend it if shea proved a good girle, as I had\n    good hope shea would. Quoth I, it will scarce bye her hose and shooes.\n    Nay, saith shea, I will warrant her have so much given her before the\n    yeare be expyred, and by God's helpe that w^{ch} wants I myselfe will\n    fill upp as much as I am able....\"\n\nJ. LEWELYN CURTIS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nGENERAL WOLFE.\n\nI copy the following interesting Note from the _London Chronicle_, August\n19, 1788:\n\n    It is a circumstance not generally known, but believed by the army\n    which served under General Wolfe, that his death-wound was not received\n    by the common chance of war, but given by a deserter from his own\n    regiment. The circumstances are thus related:--The General perceived\n    one of the sergeants of his regiment strike a man under arms (an act\n    against which he had given particular orders), and knowing the man to\n    be a good soldier, reprehended the aggressor with much warmth, and\n    threatened to reduce him to the ranks. This so far incensed the\n    sergeant, that he took the first opportunity of deserting to the enemy,\n    where he meditated the means of destroying the General, which he\n    effected by being placed in the enemy's left wing, which was directly\n    opposite the right of the British line, where Wolfe commanded in\n    person, and where he was marked out by the miscreant, who was provided\n    with a rifle piece, and, unfortunately for this country, effected his\n    purpose. After the defeat of the French army, the deserters were all\n    removed to Crown Point, which being afterwards suddenly invested and\n    taken by the British army, the whole of the garrison fell into the\n    hands of the captors; when the sergeant of whom we have been speaking\n    was hanged for desertion, but before the execution of his sentence\n    confessed the facts above recited.\"[3]\n\nIn Smith's _Marylebone_, p. 272., is a notice of Lieutenant McCulloch,\naccording to whose plan Wolfe attacked Quebec. McCulloch became destitute,\nand died in Marylebone workhouse in 1793. A letter from Wolfe to Admiral\nSaunders is in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1801; and one addressed by\nhim to Barr\u00e9 was sold by Puttick and Simpson about three years since.\n\nA portrait of Wolfe by Sir Joshua Reynolds is in possession of Mr. Cole of\nWorcester.\n\nSince my last notice, I have heard that Mr. Henry George, proprietor of the\n_Westerham Journal_, made some collections towards a life of Wolfe: if so,\nit is not improbable that Mr. Streatfield obtained them at his sale in\n1844. In conclusion, I beg to inquire, whence come the lines quoted by the\nMarquis of Lansdowne?--\n\n                     \"Enough for him\n  That Chatham's language was his mother-tongue,\n  And Wolfe's great name compatriot with his own.\"\n\nH. G. D.\n\nKnightsbridge.\n\n[Footnote 3: [The incident related above has been preserved by Sir William\nMusgrave, in his _Biographical Adversaria_ (Additional MSS., No. 5723.,\nBritish Museum), who has added the following note:--\"This account was had\nfrom a gentleman who heard the confession.\" For some further notices of\nMrs. Henrietta Wolfe, the mother of the General, relative to her death and\nthe disposal of her property, see the Addit. MSS., No. 5832., p. 78.--ED.]]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nINSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.\n\nIt occurs to me that an interesting collection might be formed of the\nvarious forms and methods by which the ownership of books is sometimes\nfound to be asserted on their fly-leaves. _Borrowers_ are exhorted to\nfaithful restitution; and consequences are threatened to those who misuse,\nor fail to return, or absolutely steal the valued literary treasure.\n\nI forward a few such Notes as have fallen in my way, thinking they may\ninterest your readers, and shall be obliged by any additions. The first is\nan admonition to borrowers, by no means a superfluous one, as I know to my\ncost. It is _printed_ on a small paper, about the size of an ordinary\nbook-plate, with blank for the owner's name, to be filled up in manuscript:\n\n         \"THIS BOOK\n        Belongs to . . . . . .\n\n \"If thou art borrowed by a friend,\n    Right welcome shall he be\n  To read, to study--not to lend,\n    But to return to me.\n\n  {128}\n \"Not that imparted knowledge doth\n    Diminish learning's store;\n  But books, I find, if often lent,\n    Return to me no more.\n\n    .    .    .    .    .    .\n\n \"Give your attention as you read,\n    And frequent pauses take;\n  Think seriously; and take good heed\n    That you no _dog's-ears_ make.\n\n \"Don't wet the fingers, as you turn\n    The pages, one by one.\n  Never _touch_ prints, _observe_: and learn\n    Each idle gait to shun.\"\n\nOn the fly-leaf of a Bible I find the following, which, however, is taken\nfrom _The Weekly Pacquet of Advice from Rome_, vol. ii. p. 198. No 15.,\ndated Friday, Dec. 26, 1679:\n\n \"Sancte Liber! venerande Liber! Liber optime, salve!\n      O Anim\u00e6 nostr\u00e6, Biblia dimidium!\"\n\nA very common formula, in works of a devotional nature, is as follows:\n\n \"This is Giles Wilkinson his book.\n  God give him grace therein to look.\"\n\nWe now come to some of a menacing description:\n\n \"Si quis hunc furto rapiet libellum,\n  Reddat:--aut collo dabitur capistrum,\n  Carnifex ejus tunicas habebit,\n              Terra cadaver.\"\n\nAnd again:\n\n \"Si quis hunc librum rapiat scelestus,\n  Atque furtivis manibus prehendat,\n  Pergat ad tetras Acherontis undas\n              Non rediturus.\"\n\nThese last partake somewhat of the character of the dir\u00e6 and anathemas\nwhich are sometimes found at the end of old MSS., and were prompted,\ndoubtless, by the great scarcity and consequent value of books before the\ninvention of printing.\n\nBALLIOLENSIS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Baptismal Custom._--In many country parishes the child is invariably\ncalled by the name of the saint on whose day he happens to have been born.\n\nI know one called _Valentine_, because he appeared in the world upon the\n14th of February; and lately baptized a child myself by the name of\nBenjamin _Simon Jude_. Subsequently, on expressing some surprise at the\nstrange conjunction, I was informed that he was born on the festival of SS.\nSimon and Jude, and that it was always _very unlucky to take the day from a\nchild_.\n\nRT.\n\nWarmington.\n\n_Subterranean Bells._--Hone, in his _Year-Book_, gives a letter from a\ncorrespondent in relation to a tradition in Raleigh, Nottinghamshire, which\nstates that many centuries since the church and a whole village were\nswallowed up by an earthquake. Many villages and towns have certainly\nshared a similar fate, and we have never heard of them more.\n\n                 \"The times have been\n  When the brains were out the man would die,\n  That there an end.\"\n\nBut at Raleigh, they say, the old church-bells still ring at Christmas\ntime, deep, deep in earth; and that it was a Christmas-morning custom for\nthe people to go out into the valley, and put their ears to the ground to\nlisten to the mysterious chimes of the subterranean temple. Is this a\ntradition peculiar to this locality? I fancy not, and seem to have a faint\nremembrance of a similar belief in other parts. Can any of your\ncorrespondents favour \"N. & Q.\" with information hereon?\n\nJ. J. S.\n\n_Leicestershire Custom._--A custom exists in the town of Leicester, of\nrather a singular nature. The first time a new-born child pays a visit, it\nis presented with an egg, a pound of salt, and a bundle of matches. Can any\nof your correspondents explain this custom?\n\nW. A.\n\n_Hooping Cough: Hedera Helix._--In addition to my former communications on\nthis subject, I beg to forward the following:--\n\nDrinking-cups made from the wood of the common ivy, and used by children\naffected with this complaint, for taking therefrom all they require to\ndrink, is current in the county of Salop as an infallible remedy; and I\nonce knew an old gentleman (now no more) who being fond of turning as an\namusement, was accustomed to supply his neighbours with them, and whose\nbrother always supplied him with the wood, cut from his own plantations. It\nis necessary, in order to be effective, that the ivy from which the cups\nare made should be cut at some particular change of the moon, or hour of\nthe night, &c., which I am now unable to ascertain: but perhaps some of\nyour readers could give you the exact period.\n\nJ. B. WHITBORNE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_The Aught and Forty Daugh._--The lordship of Strathbogie, now the property\nof his Grace the Duke of Richmond, was anciently known by this name. It is\none of the toasts always drunk at the meetings of agricultural\nassociations, the anniversary of his Grace's birthday, &c., in the\ndistrict. The meaning has often puzzled newspaper readers at a distance. It\nwas the original estate of the powerful family of Gordon in the north of\nScotland. A _daugh_, or _davach_, contains 32 oxgates of 13 acres each, or\n416 acres of arable land. At {129} this rate, the whole lordship was\nanciently estimated at 20,000 acres of arable land, and comprehends 120\nsquare miles in whole.\n\nKIRKWALLENSIS.\n\n_Alliterative Pasquinade._--The following alliterative pasquinade on\nConvocation, which I have cut from one of the newspapers, is, I think,\nsufficiently clever to deserve preservation in the pages of \"N. & Q.:\"\n\n    \"The Earl of Shaftesbury has given notice that he will call the\n    attention of the House to the subject of Convocation after the recess.\n    The exact terms of his lordship's motion have not as yet been\n    announced; but it is understood that it will be in the form of an\n    abstract resolution, somewhat to the following effect:--\n\n    \"'That this House, considering the consanguinity and concordant\n    consociation of Gog and Magog to be concludent to, and confirmatory of,\n    a consimilar connatural conjunction and concatenation between\n    Convocation and Confession with its concomitant contaminations, and\n    conceiving the congregating, confabulating, and consulting of\n    Convocation to be conducive to controversy and contention, and\n    consequent conflicts, confusion and convulsion, concurs in the\n    conviction that to convene, and to continue Convocation, is a\n    contumacious contravention of the Constitution, and a contrivance for\n    constraint of conscience, and that the contemptible conspiracy,\n    concocted for concerting the constituting and conserving of the\n    continuous concorporal consession and conciliar conference of\n    Convocation, is to be contumeliously conculcated by the consentient and\n    condign condemnation of this House.'\"\n\nAGRIPPA.\n\n_The Names \"Bonaparte\" and \"Napoleon.\"_--Among the many fabulous tales that\nhave been published respecting the origin of the name of _Bonaparte_, there\nin one which, from its ingeniousness and romantic character, seems\ndeserving of notice.\n\nIt is said that the \"Man in the Iron Mask\" was no other than the twin (and\nelder) brother of Louis XIV.; that his keeper's name was _Bonpart_; that\nthat keeper had a daughter, with whom the Man in the Mask fell in love, and\nto whom he was privately married; that their children received their\nmother's name, and were secretly conveyed to Corsica, where the name was\nconverted into _Bonaparte_ or _Buonaparte_; and that one of those children\nwas the ancestor of Napoleon Bonaparte, who was thus entitled to be\nrecognised not only as of French origin, but as the direct descendant of\nthe rightful heir to the throne of France.\n\nThe Bonapartes are said to have adopted the name of _Napoleon_ from\nNapoleon des Ursins, a distinguished character in Italian story, with one\nof whose descendants they became connected by marriage; and the first of\nthe family to whom it was given was a brother of Joseph Bonaparte, the\ngrandfather of Napoleon I. Many are the _jeux de mots_ that have been made\non this name; but the following, which I have just met with in _Litt\u00e9rature\nFran\u00e7aise Contemporaine_, vol. ii. p. 266., is perhaps the most remarkable.\n\nThe word _Napoleon_, being written in Greek characters, will form seven\ndifferent words, by dropping the first letter of each in succession,\nnamely, [Greek: Napole\u00f4n, Apole\u00f4n, Pole\u00f4n, Ole\u00f4n, Le\u00f4n, E\u00f4n, \u00d4n]. These\nwords make a complete sentence, and are thus translated into French:\n\"Napol\u00e9on, \u00e9tant le lion des peuples, allait d\u00e9truisant les cit\u00e9s.\"\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n_A Parish Kettle._--In the accounts of the churchwardens of Chudleigh in\nDevonshire, during a period extending from 1565 to 1651, occasional mention\nis made of \"the church chyttel,\" \"parish chettle,\" \"parish chetell or\nfurnace,\" \"parish crock;\" and charges are made for malt and hops for\nbrewing ale; and the money received for ale sold is accounted for. There\nmay also have been provided, for the use of the parish, a vessel of smaller\ndimensions than the crock, for in the year 1581 there is an entry of 1s.\n2d. received \"for the lone of the parish panne.\" As cyder must have been at\nthat time, as it is now, the common drink of the working-classes, the\nparish \"crock\" must have been provided for the use of the occupiers of the\nland. I suppose that the term _crock_, for a pot made of brass or copper,\nhad its origin in times when our cooking-vessels were made of crockeryware.\n\nI have never seen, in the ancient accounts of churchwardens, any mention\nmade of a \"town plough,\" which GASTROS notices (Vol. vi., p. 462.).\n\nS. S. S. (2.)\n\n_Pepys's Diary; Battle of St. Gothard._--LORD BRAYBROOKE, in a note on 9th\nAugust, 1664, on which day Pepys mentions a great battle fought in Hungary,\nobserves, \"This was the battle of St. Gothard, fought 1st August, so that\nthe news reached England in eight days.\" This would scarcely be possible\neven in these days of railways. The difference of styles must have been\noverlooked, which would make the intelligence arrive in eighteen days,\ninstead of eight.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n_First Folio Shakspeare._--It would be extremely desirable that every one\nwho possesses, or knows of a copy of the _first folio_, would send to \"N. &\nQ.\" a note of the existence of such copy; its present owner's name; date of\nacquisition; last owner's name; the price paid; its present condition; and\nany other circumstances peculiar to the copy. When the editor should\nreceive an adequate number of replies to this suggestion, he might publish\na list in some methodised form, and subsequent lists as occasion might\nrequire. I have examined the libraries of several great country-houses, and\nhave never found a first folio; not even at Wilton, {130} where, of all the\nhouses in England, we are most sure that it must have been.\n\nC.\n\n_An ancient Tombstone._--In the month of December, 1851, a tombstone was\nfound at the quay of Aberdeen, near Weigh House Square, in excavating for a\ncommon sewer. On it is carved a cross, and a shield containing the initials\n\"G. M.,\" a nameless instrument, or a couple of instruments, placed\ncrosswise, and a heart with a cross in the centre. Round the edge is cut\nexquisitely, in Old English letters, with contractions such as we see in\nold MSS., the following inscription, \"Hic jacet honorabilis Vir Georgius\nManzs (Menzies?), civis de Abirden, cum uxore eius Anneta Scherar, qui\nobiit XXVII die mensis Septembris, anno D. N. I. MIIIIXX.\" In former times,\nthe Menzieses, the Collisons, and the Rutherfords held ruling power in\nAberdeen, as in more recent times did the Gibbons, Bannermans, and\nHogarths.\n\nKIRKWALLENSIS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nEXCESSIVE RAINFALL.\n\nThe following quotation induces me to put a Query to the numerous\nscientific readers of your widely-circulated publication:\n\n    \"It is a remarkable circumstance that an unprecedented quantity of rain\n    has fallen during the last year (1852) all over the world,--England,\n    Ireland, Europe generally, Africa, India, and even in Australia.\"\n\nQuery, Is it anywhere recorded that so widespread a rainfall has been\npreviously noticed? It is said that excessive rainfall has been general all\nover the world; and it would appear to have been general over a great\nportion of the land. This, however, does not constitute the whole world.\nThe area of our globe is composed of about four-fifths water to one-fifth\nland; so that an excess of rain might fall upon every square mile of land,\nand yet the _average_ rainfall of the whole world not be exceeded. This is\nan important truth, and should be generally understood. Taking the surface\nof the whole world, there is probably, year by year, the same amount of\nsunshine and heat, the same quantity of evaporation, and the same volume of\nrainfall; but there is inequality of distribution. We find a dry summer in\nAmerica, and a wet one in Europe; excessive wet in the south of Europe,\nwith excessive drought in the north; with similar excesses over much more\nlimited areas. This case holds good even for the extraordinary year of\n1852. Excess of rain has fallen on most of the land over the earth's\nsurface; but there has been a minimum on the great oceans; as see the\naccounts of the fine weather, light winds, and calms, experienced in the\nvoyages to Australia.\n\nThe question of general equality and local excesses may now, through our\ncommerce, have that attention given to it which has hitherto been\nimpossible. It is well worthy of study.\n\nROBERT RAWLINSON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBAPTIST VINCENT LAVALL.\n\nI have in my possession a manuscript of about six hundred pages, entitled\n\"Lavall's Tour across the American Continent, from the North Pacific to the\nAtlantic Ocean, in a more southern Latitude than any yet attempted:\nperformed in the Years 1809 and 1810.\" A map of the route accompanies it.\n\nThe accounts of the country, and of the Indian tribes, correspond with what\nwe learn from other sources; and gentlemen of information in Indian affairs\nbelieve the work to be the genuine production of a person who has been over\nthe ground described.\n\nAccording to this work, Lavall was a native of Philadelphia, and born in\n1774. His father, who was a royalist, settled in Upper Canada, and engaged\nin the fur trade. In 1809 Baptist Vincent Lavall visited England to receive\na legacy left him by a relation. Here he was persuaded to join a vessel\nfitting out for the purpose of trading in the North Pacific. It was a\nschooner of about two hundred tons, called the Sea Otter, commanded by\nCaptain Niles. This vessel was lost upon the coast of Oregon, on the 15th\nof August, 1809, whilst Lavall and three of the crew were on shore hunting.\nThey made their way across the continent to New Orleans.\n\nCan any information be furnished from any custom-house in England as to the\nSea Otter, Captain Niles?\n\nWILLIAM DUANE.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nGRAVES OF MICKLETON, CO. GLOUCESTER.\n\nThere are three portraits engraved by Vertue, which give the pedigree of\nthis family thus far:\n\n  John Graves of York,  =\n  born 1515, ob. 1616.  |\n                        |\n     +------------------+\n     |\n   ---- Graves =\n               |\n       +-------+\n       |\n  = Richard Graves of Mickleton, Esq., =\n               ob. 1669.               |\n                                       |\n            +--------------------------+\n            |\n         ---- Graves =\n                     |\n      +--------------+\n      |\n  Richard Graves of Mickleton, Esq. =\n             ob. 1731.\n\nThe title engraved on the plate states that the first Richard Graves given\nabove, was twice {131} married, and had _six_ sons and _thirteen_\ndaughters. It does not give the Christian names of any of the children, and\nleaves it uncertain whether the Richard Graves who died in 1731 was a child\nof the first or second marriage. This last-mentioned Richard was an\nantiquary of some note, and a correspondent of Hearne, who calls him\n\"Gravesius noster.\"\n\nQuery 1. Is the full pedigree of this family anywhere to be had? 2. Is\nthere a record of any of the six sons of the Richard who died in 1669\nhaving settled in Ireland, as a soldier or otherwise, in the time of the\nCommonwealth? According to Mr. Editor's excellent arrangement, I transmit\nto him a stamped envelope, and shall feel much obliged to any correspondent\nof \"N. & Q.\" who will give me the desired information. In the life of the\nRev. Richard Graves, a younger son of Richard the antiquary (_Public\nCharacters_, Dublin, 1800 p. 291.), it is stated that his collections for\nthe History of the Vale of Gresham came, after his death, into the hands of\nJames West, Esq., President of the Royal Society, at whose death they were\npurchased by the Earl of Shelburne, A.D. 1772. Query, Are they still in\nexistence?\n\nJAMES GRAVES.\n\nKilkenny.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSEARSON'S POEMS.\n\nThe Query of G. C. (Vol. vi., p. 578.) relative to Mrs. Mackey's _Poems_,\nhas induced me to trouble you with a similar one respecting the author of a\nvolume in my possession. It is entitled _Mount Vernon_, a Poem, &c. &c., by\nJohn Searson, formerly of Philadelphia, Merchant; Philadelphia, printed for\nthe author by Folwell. After the title-page (which is too long to be given\n_in extenso_) follows a dedication to General Washington, in which the\nauthor, after recording that he last returned to America from Ireland in\n1796, and that having been established for several years at Philadelphia as\na merchant, he had been subjected to unforeseen losses in trade and\nmerchandize, proceeds as follows:\n\n    \"Having a pretty good education in my youth, from an uncle, a clergyman\n    of the Church of England, I published two poems in Ireland, was well\n    received, and two publications since my last arrival in America, having\n    disposed of the last copy of one thousand, _Art of Contentment_, and\n    did myself the honour to visit your Excellency 15th May last [1799], so\n    as to obtain an adequate idea of Mount Vernon, wishing to compose a\n    poem on that beautiful seat, which I now most humbly dedicate to your\n    Excellency, with your likeness,\" &c.\n\nNext follows a \"Preface to the readers of Mount Vernon, a Poem,\" in which\nhe says:\n\n    \"I published a rural, romantic, and descriptive poem of Down Hill, the\n    seat of the Earl of Bristol, Bishop of Londonderry, in Ireland; for\n    which the gentlemen of that country actually gave me a guinea per copy,\n    and Sir George Hill, from Dublin, gave me five guineas in the city of\n    Londonderry; more, I am assured, as feeling from my having seen better\n    days, than from the intrinsic value of it.\"\n\nBesides _Mount Vernon_, the book contains several other poems, &c., and\nextends to eighty-three pages, 8vo., with four pages subsequently inserted\nat the end. It is, I believe, a very scarce book in America, and the copy I\npossess is probably unique in this country. Like Mrs. Mackey's poems, it\nseems to have been written in earnest, and it is impossible within the\nlimits of an article of this nature to give an adequate idea of the vein of\nself-complacency which pervades the book, or of the high estimation in\nwhich the author evidently held his own productions both in prose and\nverse.\n\nA few quotations illustrative of his descriptive powers must suffice:\n\n \"Mount Vernon! I have often heard of thee,\n  And often wish'd thy beauties for to see.\"--P. 9.\n\n \"The house itself is elegant and neat,\n  And is two stories high, neat and complete.\"--P. 10.\n\n \"A thought now strikes my mind, of Mount Vernon,\n  That happiness may ever shine thereon;\n  For, Nature form'd it pleasing to the mind;\n  Therefore, true earthly bliss we here might find:\n  Or, in a cottage, if our God be there,\n  For He is omnipresent, everywhere.\n  A garden was the first habitation\n  Of our parents, and near relat'on,\" (_sic_) &c.--P. 14.\n\nOf Alexandria he informs us that--\n\n \"The buildings here are generally neat,\n  The streets well pav'd, which makes walking complete.\n  I've seen their houses, where they preach and pray,\n  But th' congregation small on stormy day.\"--P. 38.\n\nOf George Town he says:\n\n \"A pleasing rural prospect rises here,\n  To please th' enquiring mind as we draw near.\n  The building in George Town is very neat;\n  But paving of the streets not yet complete.\n  Some rural seats near to the Town is fine,\n  Which please the fancy and amuse the mind.\"--P. 39.\n\nAnd lastly, from his _Valedictory_, we learn that--\n\n \"Poets, like grasshoppers, sing till they die,\n  Yet, in this life, some laugh, some sing, some cry.\"--P. 83.\n\nThese extracts are not given as the _worst_ specimens. Is anything more\nknown of John Searson, and of his other valuable productions, either in\nIreland or America? As I perceive you have correspondents at Philadelphia,\nthey will perhaps kindly afford me some information on the subject.\n\nLEICESTRIENSIS.\n\n    [Another work by this author may be found in some of our public\n    libraries, entitled _Poems on various {132} Subjects and different\n    Occasions, chiefly adapted to Rural Entertainment in the United States\n    of America_. 8vo. 1797. The Preface to this work also gives some\n    account of Searson's residence in Ireland, where, he says, \"I lived\n    happily for fifteen years, till another king (or agent) arose, who knew\n    not Joseph, who, in the most inhuman, cruel, and tyrannical manner,\n    made use of his interest to have me put out of my place.\" The work\n    concludes with the following advertisement respecting himself:--\"Being\n    unemployed at present, should any of my kind subscribers know of any\n    vacancy as tutor in some gentleman's family, a place in some public\n    office, genteel compting-house, or vacancy for a schoolmaster, the\n    author will be grateful for the favour of acquainting him of it. He may\n    be heard of by applying to Mr. Mathew Carey, of Market Street,\n    bookseller.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Haberdon, or Habyrdon._--A manor now belonging to the school at Bury St.\nEdmund's bears this name. Can any meaning be given to the word?\n\nThe land formerly belonging to the Abbey of St. Edmund, several registers\nof that monastery, A.D. 1520 and 1533, let the said manor of Habyrdon, on\ncondition the tenant should yearly find one white bull, &c. The leases all\ndescribe this manor of Habyrdon and make it specially necessary to find a\nwhite bull. The land is contiguous to the town of Bury, and is called\nHaberdon at the present time, presents a hilly appearance and remains of\nancient intrenchments. I have not heard of any other place by this name.\n\nC. G.\n\nPaddington.\n\n_Holles Family._--I am very desirous of obtaining any information that can\nbe procured concerning the Holles family prior to the time of Sir William,\nwho was Lord Mayor of London in 1540. I should also be obliged if any of\nyour numerous correspondents can inform me, whether that member of the\nfamily who married a lady named Gelks, I think since 1700, left any\nposterity; from whom he was descended, and in what county he lived? Also,\nwho the Gelkses were, and whether the family is represented now; and, if\nso, of what county they are?\n\nThe arms of the Holleses were--Ermine, two piles conjoining in the points\nsable. The crest was a boar's head erased, azure, langued gules, pierced\nwith a pheon.\n\nThe Gelks bore--Ermine, three chevrons azure, charged with nine bezents\ninter nine annulets gules.\n\nM. T. P.\n\nReading.\n\n\"_To lie at the Catch_\" (Vol. vi., p. 56.).--From accidental circumstances\nI have only lately seen the notice of my Query. Will you excuse my saying\nthat I do not yet understand the meaning of the phrase \"To lie at the\ncatch,\" and that I shall be greatly obliged if you or any of your\ncorrespondents will explain it further, or, in other words, give me a\nparaphrase that will suit the two passages I have quoted.\n\nM. D.\n\n_Names of Planets--Spade._--Would any of your correspondents give me some\ninformation respecting the _names_ of the different planets of our system,\nwhether their titles are coeval with the apotheosis of the various denizens\nof Olympus whose names they bear; or whether such names were bestowed upon\nthe heavenly bodies at some later date in honour of those divinities?\n\nI should also like to hear explained, how the word _spade_, which from its\naffinities in other languages would appear to have originally meant\n_sword_, ever came to be transferred from a weapon of war to the useful and\nharmless implement it now designates.\n\n[Greek: Ouden].\n\n_Arms in painted Glass._--The following arms have recently been found in\nsome decorated windows of the early part of the fourteenth century.\nInformation as to whom belonging would be esteemed a favour.\n\n1. Gules, a chevron, or.\n\n2. Quarterly, first and fourth gules, a mullet, or, second and third sable,\na cross, or.\n\n3. Argent, on a chevron, or, three bucks' heads caboshed, tincture\nindistinct, probably sable.\n\nQU\u00c6RENS.\n\n_The Sign of \"The Two Chances.\"_--An inn, at Clun, in this county, bears\nthe unusual sign of \"The Two Chances.\" What can this mean? Mine host is\nalso Registrar of Births and Deaths for the district. Does it refer to\n_these two chances_?\n\nGEORGE S. MASTER.\n\nWelsh-Hampton, Salop.\n\n_Consecrators of English Bishops._--It may appear a waste of space to\ninsert in your columns my Queries on this subject, but when you consider\nthat I have been an exile in India for the last eleven years, and\nconsequently unable to refer, in this country, to authorities, which are\neasily accessible at home, I venture to hope that you will not only give a\nplace to this, but also that you, or some clerical reader of \"N. & Q.,\"\nwill afford me the required information.\n\nI have continued Mr. Perceval's list of English consecrations, given in his\nable work, _An Apology for the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession_, 2nd\nedition of 1841, but have been unable to complete it with the names of the\nconsecrators of the following prelates, the objects of my Query; viz. 1.\nBishop Gilbert, of Chichester, on 27th February, 1842; 2. Bishop Field, of\nNewfoundland, 28th April, 1844; 3, 4, & 5. Bishops Turton of Ely, Medley of\nFredericton, and Chapman of {133} Colombo, on 4th May, 1845; 6. Bishop\nGobat, 5th July, 1846; 7 & 8. Bishops Smith of Victoria, and Anderson of\nRupert's Land, on 29th May, 1849; 9. Bishop Fulford of Montreal, 25th July,\n1850; and 10. Bishop Harding of Bombay, on 12th August, 1851. The dates\nare, I believe, correct, but if not, of course I should like the mistakes\nto be pointed out. I also desiderate the date of Bishop Binney's (of Nova\nScotia) consecration, in March or April, 1851, with names of his\nconsecrators; and finally, the place of Bishop Lonsdale's (of Lichfield)\nconsecration, on 3rd December, 1843. If these data are supplied, the lacun\u00e6\nin my supplemental list of English consecrations, from the Reformation to\nthe present day, will be complete.\n\nA. S. A.\n\nPunjaub.\n\n_A nunting Table._--What is it? The word occurs in a quotation from Dr.\nNewman in the _Irish Ecclesiastical Journal_ for December, 1852, describing\na modern English church. I suppose I shall be snubbed for not giving the\npassage; but my copy of the journal has vanished.\n\nA. A. D.\n\n_John Pictones._--Is anything known of John Pictones, or Pyctones, a person\nmentioned in a MS. as having taught languages to Queen Elizabeth when she\nwas young?\n\nC. R. M.\n\n_Gospel Place._--In a definition of the boundaries of Bordesley Abbey,\ndated 1645, given in Nash's _Worcestershire_, there frequently occurs the\nterm \"Gospel place,\" thus:\n\n    \"And so to a Cross or Gospel Place near to Brown's cottage, and from\n    thence to a Gospel Place under a tree near to a mill ... thence to the\n    old Gospel Place oak that standeth on the common.\"\n\nI have heard that at each one of these \"Gospel places\" there was kept up a\nmound on which it was usual to rest a corpse on its way to the churchyard,\nduring which time some portion of the gospel was read. Can any of your\ncorrespondents say if such a practice was observed in any other part of the\ncountry, its origin, its intention, and the period of its discontinuance?\nAnd if not, can give any other explanation of the term?\n\nG. R.\n\n_York Mint._--Can any of your correspondents inform me of the names of the\nofficers of the local mint at York, instituted about 1696?\n\nO. O. O.\n\n_Chipchase of Chipchase._--I should be glad to learn if any pedigree exists\nof the ancient family of Chipchase, or De Chipches (as the name is spelt in\npleadings and deeds of the fourteenth century). A family bearing that name\nappears to have occupied or dwelt near the \"Turris de Chipches,\" co.\nNorthumberland, so early as Edward I.; at which time the manor of Prudhoe,\nof which Chipchase is a member, was held by the Umfravilles. The fact of\nthe principal charges in the armorial bearings of both families being\nsimilar, seems to have led to the suggestion that the Chipchases were\ncadets of the former; but this opinion is without sufficient foundation.\n\nA. G. W.\n\n_Newspapers._--Which is the oldest newspaper, town or country, daily or\nweekly, now published? The _Lincoln, Rutland, and Stamford Mercury_\n(weekly), published at Stamford, is the oldest paper I am acquainted with.\nThe paper for the 21st January, 1853, is numbered \"Vol. 158. No. 8231.\"\nThis gives the year 1695 as the commencement of the paper. Perhaps other\nreaders of \"N. & Q.\" will follow up this interesting subject. Vide Vol.\nii., p. 375., and Vol. iii., pp. 164. and 248.\n\nL. L. L.\n\n_On alleged historical Facts._--\n\n    \"During the troubles in the reign of Charles I., a country girl came up\n    to London in search of a place as a servant-maid; but not succeeding,\n    she applied herself to carrying out beer from a brewhouse, and was one\n    of those then called 'tub-women.' The brewer observing a well-looking\n    girl in this low occupation, took her into his family as servant, and,\n    after a little while, she behaving herself with so much prudence and\n    decorum, he married her; but he died when she was yet a young woman,\n    and left her a large fortune. The business of the brewery was dropped,\n    and the young woman was recommended to Mr. Hyde, as a gentleman of\n    skill in the law, to settle her affairs. Hyde (who was afterwards the\n    great Earl of Clarendon), finding the widow's fortune very\n    considerable, married her. Of this marriage there was no other issue\n    than a daughter, who was afterwards the wife of James II., and mother\n    of Mary and Anne, queens of England.\"--_Newspaper Paragraph._\n\nWhat truth is there in the foregoing statement; and if in any degree true,\nwhat further is known of the fortunate \"tub-woman?\" Is her existence\nignored in the Hyde pedigree?\n\nJ. B.\n\n_Costume of Spanish Physicians._--I have been informed that the Spanish\nphysicians for a very considerable period, and even until about forty years\nago, wore a dress peculiar to their profession. Can any of your readers\ninform me where I can find a representation or a description of this dress;\nand also whether it would be the one worn by a Flemish physician residing\nin Spain about the middle of the sixteenth century?\n\nZ.\n\n_Genoveva._--Can any of your readers inform me what history or legend is\nillustrated by a fine engraving in line, by Felsing after Steinbr\u00fcck (size\n13 \u00d7 11 inches), which has no other clue to its subject than the word\n_Genoveva_, in the lower border. It represents a beautiful maiden, with a\nsleeping child in her lap, at the foot of a beech-tree in {134} a forest,\nand a hind or fawn in the background approaching from a cavern. It was\npublished some years ago at Darmstadt, and is not common: but beyond a\nguess that it is meant for St. Genevieve, the printsellers can tell me\nnothing about it; and I do not find in _her_ history, as given by Alban\nButler, any such incident.\n\nSILURIAN.\n\n_Quotation._--In the Miscellaneous Writings of the celebrated Franklin\n(Chambers's People's Edition) I find the following anecdote, in an article\non \"The Art of procuring Pleasant Dreams.\" Franklin says:\n\n    \"It is recorded of Methusalem, who, being the longest liver, may be\n    supposed to have best preserved his health, that he slept always in the\n    open air; for when he had lived five hundred years, an angel said to\n    him, 'Arise, Methusalem, and build thee an house; for thou shalt live\n    yet five hundred years longer.' But Methusalem answered and said, 'If I\n    am to live but five hundred years longer, it is not worth while to\n    build me an house: I will sleep in the open air as I have been used to\n    do.'\"\n\nFrom what source did Franklin derive this information?\n\nCHRISTOPHOROS.\n\n\"_God and the World._\"--I shall be obliged by being informed from what poet\nare the following lines:\n\n \"God and the world we worship both together,\n    Draw not our laws to Him, but His to ours;\n  Untrue to both, so prosperous in neither,\n    Th' imperfect will brings forth but barren flowers;\n  Unwise as all distracted interests be,\n  Strangers to God, fools in humanity;\n  Too good for great things, and too great for good,\n  While still 'I dare not' waits upon 'I would.'\"\n\nW. H.\n\n\"_Solid Men of Boston._\"--Where are the verses to be found of which the\nfollowing were part? I have an indistinct recollection that they were\nquoted in parliament during the American revolution:\n\n \"Solid men of Boston, make no long orations;\n  Solid men of Boston, drink no strong potations;\n  Solid men of Boston, go to bed at sundown,\n  Never lose your way like the loggerheads of London.\n                                  Bow, wow, wow.\n\n \"Sit down neighbours all, and I'll tell you a merry story,\n  About a disappointed Whig that wish'd to be a Tory,\n  I had it piping hot from Ebenezer Barber,\n  Who sail'd from Old England, and lies in Boston harbour.\n                                  Bow, wow, wow.\"\n\nUNEDA.\n\n_Lost MS. by Alexander Pennecuik._--In the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh,\nis preserved a MS. in 4to., called _The whole Works of Alexander Pennecuik,\nGent._, vol. ii. It commences at p. 215. Upon the boards is written\n\"Edinburgh, January 1759. Ex dono vidu\u00e6 J. Graham, Bibliopegi, cum altero\nvolumine.\" It is not known in what way the Faculty of Advocates became\npossessed of this volume. Query, Where is the first?\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n\"_The Percy Anecdotes._\"--Who were the compilers of this excellent\ncollection, published about thirty years ago?\n\nUNEDA.\n\n_Norman Song._--In the year 1198 there was a song current in Normandy,\nwhich ran that the arrow was being made in Limousin by which Richard Coeur\nde Lion was to be slain. Can any of the readers of \"N. & Q.\" inform me\nwhere the ballad is to be found, or if MS., give me a copy?\n\nR. L.\n\n_God's Marks._--In Roper's _Life of More_ there is an account of Margaret\nRoper's recovery from an attack of the sweating sickness. The belief of the\nwriter was, that the recovery was miraculous; and to enforce that opinion\nhe asserts, that the patient did not begin to recover until after \"God's\nmarks (an evident undoubted token of death) plainly appeared upon her.\"\n(Roper's _More_, p. 29., Singer's edition.) Pray what is meant by \"God's\nmarks?\"\n\nJOHN BRUCE.\n\n_The Bronze Statue of Charles I., Charing Cross._--What is known of the\nlife and history of John Rivers[4], to whose loyalty the good people of\nLondon are now indebted for the preservation of this bust, which the\nParliament in the time of Cromwell had ordered to be destroyed? That he was\na brazier, and a handy workman, is all that I know of him.\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\n[Footnote 4: [John _Rivett_, a brazier living at the Dial, near Holborn\nConduit. See Walpole's _Anecdotes of Painting_ vol. ii. p. 319.--ED.]]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Hutter's Polyglott._--Can any one inform me whether the following work was\never completed, or give me any particulars respecting it? _Biblia Sacra,\nEbraice, Chaldaice, Gr\u00e6ce, Latine, Germanice, Saxonice; Studio et Labore_\nEli\u00e6 Hutteri, Germani, Noriberg\u00e6, 1599. Of this work I have the first\nvolume--a splendid book, which recently came from abroad; but I cannot hear\nof the other volumes: this includes the Pentateuch. A reply to this Query\nwill be thankfully received.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n    [We have an edition before us, printed at Noriberg\u00e6, 1599, to the end\n    of the Book of Ruth, but without the Sclavonic column. According to\n    Ebert (_Bibliog. Dict._) there is \"a fourfold edition, differing only\n    in the last column, and goes only as far as the Book of Ruth. Scarce,\n    but of no value. The edition with the {135} Sclavonic column is the\n    most scarce.\" In 1600, Hutter published a Polyglott of the New\n    Testament, in twelve languages, viz. the Syriac, Hebrew, Greek, Latin,\n    German, Bohemian, Italian, Spanish, French, English, Danish, and\n    Polish; which, in an edition printed in 1603, were reduced to the\n    Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and German. He died at Nuremberg, about 1603.]\n\n_Ethnology of England._--Will any of your readers favour me with a\nreference to the best work or works which refer to the ethnology of this\nisland, more particularly in reference to the craniology of the different\nraces which have settled in it?\n\nI beg to ask whether it is yet clearly settled that there are types of the\nheads of Ancient Britons, Saxons, Danes, and other races, to be referred to\nas standards or examples of the respective crania of those people? If so,\nwill any of your readers be kind enough to direct me to any work which\ncontains engraved outlines of such crania?\n\nETHNOLOGICUS.\n\n    [ETHNOLOGICUS is referred to the works of Dr. Prichard and Dr. Latham;\n    more especially to _The Ethnology of the British Islands_, by the\n    last-named writer, noticed in our 170th Number, p. 120. That types of\n    the heads of the Ancient Britons, Saxons, Danes, &c. are to be found,\n    there can be no doubt, though they have never hitherto been brought\n    together for comparison. To do this is the object of the projected\n    _Crania Britannica_, about to be published by Dr. Thurnam of Devizes,\n    and Mr. J. B. Davis, of which some particulars will be found at p. 497.\n    of our Sixth Volume.]\n\n_Pitt of Pimperne._--Can any of your readers tell me what works of Mr.\nPitt, formerly Rector of Pimperne, Dorset, and translator of Virgil's\n_\u00c6neid_, &c., have been printed?\n\nW. BARNES.\n\nDorchester\n\n    [In addition to the _\u00c6neid_, Christopher Pitt translated Veda's _Art of\n    Poetry_, about 1724; and subsequently published a volume of _Poems and\n    Translations_, 8vo. 1727. His _Poems_ will be found in the twelfth\n    volume of Chalmers's Collection.]\n\n_\"The Bottle Department\" of the Beer-trade_ was evidently _terra incognita_\nin those days:\n\n \"He that buys land buys many stones;\n  He that buys flesh buys many bones;\n  He that buys eggs buys many shells;\n  But he that buys good ALE buys nothing else.\"\n\n\"A favourite proverbial rhyme among topers,\" quoth that most amusing of\nlexicographers, old N. Bailey, [Greek: Philologos], who inserts it under\nthe word \"Buy,\" folio edition.\n\nQuery, What was his Christian name?\n\nBALLIOLENSIS.\n\n    [Nathan Bailey. A short account of him will be found in Chalmers's\n    _Biog. Dict._]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nBISHOP PURSGLOVE (SUFFRAGAN) OF HULL.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 65.)\n\nSome time since, when at Tideswell (which is in Derbyshire, not\nDevonshire), I made a rubbing from the brass of Bishop Pursglove, from\nwhich I have copied the inscription asked for by A. S. A., on a plate of\nbrass underneath the figure.\n\n \"Under this stone as here doth ly, a corps sumtime of fame,\n  In Tiddeswall bred and born truely, ROBERT PURSGLOVE by name;\n  And there brought up by parents' care, at schoole and learning trad;\n  Till afterwards, by UNCLE dear, to London he was had,\n  Who, WILLIAM BRADSHAW hight by name, in pauls w^{ch} did him place,\n  And y^r at schoole did him maintain full thrice three whole years' space;\n  And then into the Abberye was placed as I wish,\n  In Southwarke call'd, where it doth ly, Saint MARY OVERIS.\n  To Oxford then, who did him send, into that Colledge right,\n  And there fourteen years did him find wh. Corpus Christi hight;\n  From thence at length away he went, a Clerke of learning great,\n  To GISBURN ABBEY streight was sent, and plac'd in PRIOR'S seat.\n  BISHOP of HULL he was also, ARCHDEACON of NOTTINGHAM,\n  PROVOST of ROTHERAM COLLEDGE too, of YORK eak SUFFRAGAN.\n  Two GRAMER Schooles he did ordain with LAND for to endure,\n  One HOSPITAL for to maintain twelve impotent and poor.\n  O GISBURNE, thou, with TIDDESWALL TOWN, lement and mourn for may,\n  For this said CLERK of great renoun lyeth here compact in clay.\n  Though cruell DEATH hath now down brought this body w^c here doth ly,\n  Yet trump of Fame stay can he nought to sound his praise on high.\"\n\n \"Qui legis hunc versum crebro reliquum memoreris\n  Vile cadaver sum, tuque cadaver eris.\"\n\nThe inscription is in black letter, except the words which are in small\ncapitals.\n\nOn a fillet round the slab, with the evangelistic symbols at the corners,--\n\n \"[Maltese cross] Christ is to me as life on earth, and death to me is\n     gaine,\n  Because I trust through Him alone saluation to obtaine;\n  {136}\n  So brittle is the state of man, so soon it doth decay,\n  So all the glory of this world must pas and fade away.\n\n    \"This Robert Pursglove, sometyme Bishoppe of Hull, deceased the 2 day\n    of Maii, in the year of our Lord God, 1579.\"\n\nWood says (_Ath. Oxon._, edit. Bliss, ii. c. 820.), that about the\nbeginning of Queen Mary's reign he was made Archdeacon of Nottingham, and\nsuffragan Bishop of Hull; but Dr. Brett, in a letter printed in Drake's\n_Eboracum_, 1736, fol., p. 539., says he was appointed in 1552, the last\nyear of the reign of Edward VI.\n\n  JOHN I. DREDGE.\n\nIn Wharton's _List of Suffragan Bishops_, the following entry occurs:\n\n    \"Robertus Silvester, _alias_ Pursglove, ep[=u]s Hullensis, 1537, 38.\"\n\nBut this is probably a mistake, as, in a short account of his life by\nAnthony \u00e0 Wood (vol. ii. col. 820., _Athen. Oxon._, edited by Bliss), I\nfind it stated, that \"on the death of Rob. Sylvester about the beginning of\nQueen Mary's reign, he was made Archdeacon of Nottingham, and suffragan\nBishop of Hull, under the Archbishop of York.\" Wood afterwards adds:\n\n    \"After Queen Elizabeth had been settled in the throne for some time,\n    the oath of supremacy was offered to him, but he denying to take it,\n    was deprived of his archdeaconry and other spiritualities.\"\n\nTYRO.\n\nIt appears, from Dugdale's _Warwickshire_, that Pursglove assented to the\nsuppression of Gisburne in December, 1540, and became a commissioner for\npersuading other abbots and priors to do the same. It is doubtful at what\ntime he was appointed to the see of Hull; whether in the last year of\nEdward VI. or in Queen Mary's reign, though it is certain, in 1559, he\nrefused to take the oath of supremacy to Elizabeth.\n\nThe hospital and schools mentioned in the epitaph are Gisborough and\nTideswell.\n\nR. J. SHAW.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE GREGORIAN TONES.\n\n(Vol. vi., pp. 99. 178.)\n\nI have neither time nor inclination to expose all the errors and fallacies\nof MR. MATTHEW COOKE'S article on \"Gregorian Tones;\" but I cannot resist\npointing out certain statements which are calculated to mislead the readers\nof \"N. & Q.\" in no trifling degree. The writer says:\n\n    \"The most ancient account we have is, that St. Ambrose of Milan knew of\n    _four_ tones in his day, and that he added _four_ others to them; the\n    former being those termed authentic, the latter the plagal modes.\"\n\nNow the fact is, that St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan (A.D. 374 to 397), chose\nfrom the ancient Greek modes four series or successions of notes, and\ncalled them simply the first, second, third, and fourth tones; laying\ncompletely aside the ancient heathen names of Doric, Phrygian, Lydian,\nIonic, &c. St. Gregory the Great, who governed the Christian Church from\nA.D. 591 to 604, added the _four additional_ tones. These eight\necclesiastical successions or scales, which still exist as such in the\nmusic of the Roman Liturgy, are called Gregorian after their founder. Thus\nthe old Ambrosian chant is known at present only through the medium of the\nGregorian.\n\nThe writer continues his statement in these words--\n\n    \"Some years since, the renowned French theorist, Mons. Fetis, went to\n    Milan for the express purpose of consulting the celebrated _Book of\n    Offices_, written by St. Ambrose _in his own handwriting, which is\n    there preserved_ [the Italics are added]; and in his work, published in\n    Belgium, he says that he collated them with those known and received\n    amongst us; and that the variations were of the slightest possible\n    character, the tones being ostensibly the same.\"\n\nThis extraordinary statement cannot be accepted without the title of M.\nFetis' work, and the passage upon which it rests, _verbatim_ in the\nauthor's own words. But I have no hesitation in saying that it is founded\nin error.\n\nThibaut (_Ueber der Reinheit der Tonkunst_, pp. 28-30.) speaks of a MS. of\nthe Gregorian chants at St. Gall, in Switzerland, as old as the _ninth_\ncentury. This is believed, by all accredited modern writers upon music, to\nbe the oldest MS. of the tones extant.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLOVE'S LABOUR'S LOST, ACT V. SC. 2.\n\n(Vol. vi., pp. 268. 296.)\n\nOf this passage we might almost say _conclamatum est_; for really no good\nsense has yet been made of it, except by bold alterations. For my own part,\nI agree with A. E. B., that _no alteration is required_ except in the\npunctuation, and not much even then. The text of the folios is given by MR.\nSINGER (Vol. vi., p. 268.), and I would read it thus:\n\n \"Nay, my good lord, let me o'errule you now.\n  That sport best pleases that doth least know how,\n  Where zeal strives to content, and the contents\n  Dies in[5] the zeal of that which it presents.\n  Their form confounded makes most form in mirth,\n  When great things labouring perish in the birth.\"\n\nThe whole difficulty seems to lie in the word _dies_ in the fourth line,\nand that I think may be removed by merely changing _i_ into _y_, and\nreading _dyes_. The meaning then will be: That sport will yield most\npleasure in which, though the actors are devoid of skill, they are zealous\nand anxious to give pleasure for their zeal in the endeavour, {137} _dyes_,\nor tinges (_i. e._ communicates its own hue to) the _contents_ or\nsatisfaction of the spectators (_i. e._ makes them sympathise with the\nactors). While on the other hand: My good lord, when, as in your late\nattempt, great things labouring perish in the birth, _their_ confusion\ncauses laughter and derision instead of pleasure, like the former simple\neffort.\n\nI take, as will be seen, _contents_, in the third line, as the substantive\nof the preceding verb _content_, and not, with MR. KNIGHT and A. E. B., as\n\"things contained.\" The poet put it in the plural evidently for the sake of\nthe rhyme. In the next line, _zeal_ may not be the word actually written by\nthe poet, but it makes a very fair sense; and I know no word that could be\nsubstituted for it with certainty--we still use the phrase, _to dye in_. In\nunderstanding the last two lines of the mask[6] of the king and his lords,\nI think I am justified by the remark of Byron:\n\n \"A right description of our sport, my Lord.\"\n\nPerhaps it is needless to add, that _labouring_ is i.q. _travailing_; and\nthat _most form in mirth_ means _the highest form in_ (i. e. _the greatest\ndegree of_) _mirth_.\n\nIn these, and any other remarks on Shakspeare with which I may happen to\ntrouble you at any time, I beg to be regarded as a mere _guerilla_ as\ncompared with regularly trained and disciplined Shakspearians like _Mr.\nSinger_, MR. COLLIER, and others. I have never read the folios of 1623 or\n1632. I do not even possess a _variorum_ edition of the poet; my only copy\nbeing Mr. Collier's excellent edition. Finally, my studies have lain most\nabout the sunny shores of the Mediterranean; and I am most at home in the\nliterature of its three peninsulas, and the coasts of Asia.\n\nTHOS. KEIGHTLEY.\n\n[Footnote 5: \"in\" corrected from \"with\" by erratum in Issue\n172.--Transcriber.]\n\n[Footnote 6: \"mask\" corrected from \"remark\" by erratum in Issue\n172.--Transcriber.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNI\u00c1GARA, OR NIAG\u00c1RA.\n\n(Vol. vi., p. 552.; Vol. vii., p. 50.)\n\nAs I consider J. G.'s apology for the popular, though undoubtedly\nerroneous, pronunciation of this word to be far from satisfactory, may I\ntrouble you with some evidence in favour of Niag\u00e1ra, which MR. W. FRASER\ntruly says is the Huron pronunciation? I also agree with him, that it is\n\"unquestionably the most musical.\" For my own part, the sound of Ni\u00e1gara is\npainful to my ear; even Moore himself could not knock music out of it.\nWitness the following lines:\n\n \"Take, instead of a bowl, or a dagger, a\n  Desperate dash down the Falls of Ni\u00e1gara.\"[7]\n\nHow very different is the measured, solemn sound, which the word bears in\nthe noble lines of Goldsmith, who, it is reasonable to suppose, was as well\ninformed of its proper pronunciation as of its correct interpretation.\n\nTravelling a few years since in Canada, I was assured by an old gentleman,\nwho for many years held constant intercourse with the aborigines, that they\ninvariably place the accent upon the penult. If this be true, as I doubt\nnot, it is conclusive: and in order to testify to the correctness of the\nassertion, I could cite numberless aboriginal names of places in \"The\nStates,\" as well as in Canada: a few, however, will here suffice:\n\n  Stadac\u00f3na.\n  Hochel\u00e1ga.\n  Tor\u00f3nto.\n  Mississ\u00edppi.\n  Allegh\u00e1ny.\n  Apalachic\u00f3la.\n  Sarat\u00f3ga.\n  Ticonder\u00f3ga.\n  Narrag\u00e1nset.\n  Osw\u00e9go.\n  Canand\u00e1igua.\n  Tuscal\u00f3osa.\n\nNow, I am aware that there are other Indian words which would seem, at\nfirst sight, if not to contradict, to be at least exceptions to the rule,\nbut upon investigation they, I conceive, rather strengthen my argument: for\ninstance, Conn\u00e9cticut--the original of which is, Quoneht\u00e1cut, the long\nriver.\n\nIn conclusion, we should bear in mind that we have the prevalent\npronunciation of such words through either of two channels,--the French or\nthe American; consequently, in Canada, we find them Frenchified, and in\n\"The States\" Yankeefied.\n\nI therefore hold that Ni\u00e1gara is a most inharmonious Yankeefication of the\nmelodious aboriginal word Niag\u00e1ra.\n\nROBERT WRIGHT.\n\n40. Tavistock Street, Covent Garden.\n\n[Footnote 7: I quote these lines from memory. They occur, I believe, in the\n_Fudge Family_.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDRENGAGE.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 39.)\n\nThe tenure in _drengage_ was common in, if it was not confined to, the\nterritory which was comprised in the ancient kingdom of Northumbria.\n_Drenghs_ are mentioned in Domesday on the lands between the Ribble and the\nMersey, which then formed part of Northumbria. They occur in Yorkshire; and\nthey are mentioned in the survey, called the _Boldon Book_, compiled in\nA.D. 1183, by order of Hugh Pudsey, the great Bishop of Durham, which may\nbe termed the Domesday of the palatinate. Sir Henry Ellis, in his _General\nIntrod. to Domesday_, says, \"The _drenchs_ or _drenghs_ were of the\ndescription of allodial tenants ... and from the few entries in which they\noccur, it certainly appears that the allotments of territory they possessed\nwere held as manors.\" (_Domesd._, tom. i. fo. 269.) But as menial services\n(to be rendered, nevertheless, by the villans of the tenant in _drengage_)\nwere attached to the tenure, at all events in the county of Durham, it was\ninferior to military tenure; and the instance in the Pipe Rolls of\nWestmoreland, 25 Henry II., of the enfranchisement of _drenghs_, together\nwith the particulars {138} given in records of the palatinate of Durham and\nthe county of Northumberland, as to the services attached to _drengage_,\nshow that it was far from being a free tenure. Yet Spelman (_Gloss._, ed.\n1687, p. 184.) speaks of _drenges_ as \"tenantes per servitium militare;\"\nand Coke calls them \"free tenants of a manor.\"[8] From the _Boldon Book_ we\nlearn, however, that the services of the _drengh_ were to plough, sow, and\nharrow a portion of the bishop's land, to keep a dog and horse for the\nbishop's use, and a cart to convey his wine; to attend the chase with dogs\nand ropes; and perform certain \"precaria,\" or harvest works. To take an\nexample from the roll of Bishop de Bury in 1336:--We find Nicholas de\nOxenhale held of the bishop in capite the manor of Oxenhale, performing,\namongst other services, \"the fourth part of a _drengage_; to wit, he was to\nplough four acres, and sow the land with seed of the bishop's, and harrow\nit, and do four days' work in autumn.\" And in the Pipe Roll for\nWestmoreland, already mentioned, we find eighteen _drenghs_ in the honour\nheld by Hugh de Morvill, who had not been enfranchised by him, and who\nremained paying a fine to be exempt from foreign service. In Northumberland\nthe tenants in _drengage_ paid a fixed money-rent, and were subject to\ntallage, heriots, merchet, &c. So, in the palatinate, in 25th Bishop\nHatfield (A. D. 1369), John Warde, of Hoton, died seised in his demesne of\na messuage and sixty acres which were held of the bishop in capite, by\nhomage and fealty in _drengage_, rendering six bushels of oats and three\nbushels of barley, at the manor of Middleham. But the agricultural and\nmenial services were lighter than those of the villan, and, as already\nstated, were not performed by the tenant in person, or by those of his\nhousehold. This tenure existed in Tynedale at the close of the thirteenth\ncentury, as appears from _Rot. Orig. 20 Edw. I._, vol. i. p. 70., where the\n\"consuetudinem partium pr\u00e6dictarum\" are mentioned. \"A _drengage_,\" says\nBlount, in his _Fragmenta Antiquitatis_, \"seems to have consisted of\nsixteen acres, to be ploughed, sown, and harrowed.\" The word _drengage_ is\nderived, by the Rev. Wm. Greenwell, in the glossary to his recent valuable\nedition of _Boldon Book_, from the Anglo-Saxon _dreogan_, to do, work,\nbear; the root, according to Tooke, of our English word _drudge_.\n_Drengage_ is, in Kelham's _Norman-French Dictionary_, explained to be \"the\ntenure by which the _drenges_ held their lands.\" In Lye's _Saxon\nDictionary_ I find \"_Dreng_, miles, vir fortis.\"\n\nWM. SIDNEY GIBSON.\n\nNewcastle-upon-Tyne.\n\n[Footnote 8: Spelman says they were \"E genere vassallorum non ignobilium,\"\nand such as, being at the Conquest put out of their estate, were afterwards\nrestored.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCHATTERTON.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 14.)\n\nThe following account of the whole of the proceedings at the inquest which\nwas held at the Three Crows, Brook Street, Holborn, on Friday, Aug. 27,\n1770, before Swinson Carter, Esq., and ten jurymen, whose names are\nmentioned, is from a MS. copy in my possession.\n\nI am not acquainted with any printed work which contains a report of the\ninquest. It is not in the large collection of Chatterton's _Works_ and\n_Lives_, and the innumerable newspaper and magazine cuttings, which fill\nseveral volumes, and which belonged to Mr. Haslewood; nor is it in\nBarrett's _Bristol_, or Herbert Croft's _Love and Madness_.\n\n    \"Account of the Inquest held on the body of THOMAS CHATTERTON,\n    deceased, at the Three Crows, Brook Street, Holborn, on Friday, the\n    27th August, 1770, before Swinson Carter, Esq., and the following\n    jury:--Charles Skinner, ---- Meres, John Hollier, John Park, S. G.\n    Doran, Henry Dugdale, G. J. Hillsley, C. Sheen, E. Manley, C. Moore,\n    ---- Nevett.\n\n\"MARY ANGELL, sack maker, of No. 17. Brook Street, Holborn, deposed, that\nthe deceased came to lodge at her house about nine or ten weeks ago; he\ntook the room below the garret; he always slept in the same room; he was\nalways very exact in his payments to her; and at one time, when she knew\nthat he had paid her all the money he had in the world, she offered him\nsixpence back, which he refused to take, saying: 'I have that here\n(pointing to his forehead) which will get me more.' He used to sit up\nnearly all night, and she frequently found his bed untouched in the\nmorning, when she went to make it. She knew that he always bought his\nloaves--one of which lasted him for a week--as stale as possible, that they\nmight last the longer: and, two days before his death, he came home in a\ngreat passion with the baker's wife, who had refused to let him have\nanother loaf until he paid her 3s. 6d. which he owed her previously. He,\nthe deceased, appeared unusually grave on the 28th of August; and, on her\nasking him what ailed him, he answered pettishly: 'Nothing, nothing--why do\nyou ask?' On the morning of the 24th August, he lay in bed longer than\nusual; got up about ten o'clock, and went out with a bundle of paper under\nhis arm, which he said 'was a treasure to any one, but there were so many\nfools in the world that he would put them in a place of safety, lest they\nshould meet with accident.' He returned about seven in the evening, looking\nvery pale and dejected; and would not eat anything, but sat moping by the\nfire with his chin on his knees, and muttering rhymes in some old language\nto her. Witness saw him for the last time when {139} he got up to go to\nbed; he then kissed her (a thing he had never done in his life before), and\nthen went upstairs, stamping on every stair as he went slowly up, as if he\nwould break it. Witness stated that he did not come down next morning, but\nshe was not alarmed, as he had lain longer than usual on the day before;\nbut at eleven o'clock, Mrs. Wolfe, a neighbour's wife, coming in, they went\nand listened at the door, and tried to open it, but it was locked. At last,\nthey got a man who was near to break it open; and they found him lying on\nthe bed with his legs hanging over, quite dead: the bed had not been lain\non. The floor was covered all over with little bits of paper; and on one\npiece the man read, in deceased's handwriting, 'I leave my soul to its\nMaker, my body to my mother and sister, and my curse to Bristol. If Mr.\nCa....' The rest was torn off. The man then said he must have killed\nhimself, which we did not think till then, not having seen the poison till\nan hour after. Deceased was very proud, but never unkind to any one. I do\nnot think he was quite right in his mind lately. The man took away the\npaper, and I have not been able to find him out.\n\n\"FREDERICK ANGELL deposed to the fact of deceased lodging at their house;\nwas from home when deceased was found. Always considered him something\nwonderful, and was sometimes afraid he would go out of his mind. Deceased\noften came home very melancholy; and, on his once asking him the reason, he\nsaid, 'Hamilton has deceived me;' but could get no more from him. Deceased\nwas always writing to his mother or sister, of whom he appeared to be very\nfond. I never knew him in liquor, and never saw him drink anything but\nwater.\n\n\"EDWIN CROSS, apothecary, Brook Street, Holborn. Knew the deceased well,\nfrom the time he came to live with Mrs. Angell in the same street. Deceased\nused generally to call on him every time he went by his door, which was\nusually two or three times in a day. Deceased used to talk a great deal\nabout physic, and was very inquisitive about the nature of different\npoisons. I often asked him to take a meal with us, but he was so proud that\nI could never but once prevail on him, though I knew he was half-starving.\nOne evening he did stay, when I unusually pressed him. He talked a great\ndeal, but all at once became silent, and looked quite vacant. He used to go\nvery often to Falcon Court, Fleet Street, to a Mr. Hamilton, who printed a\nmagazine; but who, he said, was using him very badly. I once recommended\nhim to return to Bristol, but he only heaved a deep sigh; and begged me,\nwith tears in his eyes, never to mention the hated name again. He called on\nme on the 24th August about half-past eleven in the morning, and bought\nsome arsenic, which he said was for an experiment. About the same time next\nday, Mrs. Wolfe ran in for me, saying deceased had killed himself. I went\nto his room, and found him quite dead. On his window was a bottle\ncontaining arsenic and water; some of the little bits of arsenic were\nbetween his teeth. I believe if he had not killed himself, he would soon\nhave died of starvation; for he was too proud to ask of any one. Witness\nalways considered deceased as an astonishing genius.\n\n\"ANNE WOLFE, of Brook Street. Witness lived three doors from Mrs. Angell's;\nknew the deceased well; always thought him very proud and haughty. She\nsometimes thought him crazed. She saw him one night walking up and down the\nstreet at twelve o'clock, talking loud, and occasionally stopping, as if to\nthink on something. One day he came in to buy some curls, which he said he\nwanted to send to his sister; but he could not pay the price, and went away\nseemingly much mortified. On the 25th August, Mrs. Angell asked her to go\nupstairs with her to Thomas's room: they could make no one hear. And, at\nlast, being frightened, they got a man who was going by to break open the\ndoor, when they found him dead on the bed. The floor was covered with\nlittle bits of paper, and the man who was with them picked up several and\ntook away with him.\n\n\"_Verdict._--Felo de se.\"\n\nJ. M. G.\n\nWorcester.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLITERARY FRAUDS OF MODERN TIMES.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 86.)\n\nIt is not for P. C. S. S. to explain the grounds on which Cardinal Wiseman\nconsiders the _History of Formosa_, and the _Sicilian Code of Vella_, as\nthe most celebrated literary frauds of modern times. But he thinks that\nbefore he penned the Query, MR. BREEN might have recollected the well-known\nname of _George Psalmanazar_, and the extraordinary imposture so\nsuccessfully practised in 1704 by that good and learned person; a fraud\nscarcely redeemed by the virtue and merits of a man of whom Dr. Johnson\nsaid, that \"he had never seen the close of the life of any one that he so\nmuch wished his own to resemble, as that of Psalmanazar, for its purity and\ndevotion.\"\n\nWith respect to the _Sicilian Code of Vella_, MR. BREEN will find, on a\nvery little inquiry, that the work to which the Cardinal adverts (entitled\n_Libro del Consiglio di Egitto, tradotto da Giuseppe Vella_) was printed at\nPalermo in 1793; that the book, from beginning to end, is an entire fiction\nof the learned canon; that the forgery was detected before the publication\nof the second part--which, consequently, never saw the light; that the\ndetection was due to the celebrated orientalist Hager, whose account\nthereof (a masterpiece of {140} analytical reasoning) was published in 1799\nby Palm, the bookseller of Erlang (murdered in 1806 by order of the uncle\nof the present French emperor). But this was not the only imposture of the\nkind of which Vella was the author, and which his profound knowledge of\nArabic enabled him to execute in a way which it would scarcely have been\npossible for any other European to have accomplished. He had published,\n1791, at the Royal Press at Palermo, under the name of Alfonso Airoldi, a\nfictitious _Codex Diplomaticus Sicili\u00e6, sub Saracenorum Imperio_, to the\ndiscovery of which ingenious fraud we are also indebted to the acute\nPyrrhonism of M. Hager.\n\nP. C. S. S.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSIR H. WOTTON'S LETTER TO MILTON.\n\n(Vol. vi., p. 5.; Vol. vii., pp. 7. 111.)\n\nI am obliged to apologise for having made Sir Henry Wotton use the words\n\"some long time before,\" instead of \"some good while before,\" and therefore\ntake the opportunity of saying that I think Sir Henry's allusion to \"the\nart of stationers,\" in binding a good and a bad book up together, almost\nproves \"our common friend Mr. R.\" to have been a bookseller.\nNotwithstanding the very high authorities against me, I will then venture\nto insinuate, that instead of John Rouse, or Robert Randolph, plain\nHumphrey _Robinson_ is meant, by whom _Comus_ was printed in 1637, \"at the\nsigne of the Three Pidgeons, in Paul's Church-yard.\"\n\nOnce grant the probability of this being the case, and we have no further\ndifficulty in understanding why _Comus_ should be stitched up \"with the\nlate Rd. poems,\" or Wotton be left in ignorance of the author's name. Lawes\ntells us in the dedication to _Comus_, that it was \"not openly acknowledged\nby the author;\" and the publisher would naturally keep the secret: but why\nRouse or Robert Randolph should do so, appears to me inexplicable. I hope\nsoon to have access to some public libraries, and also to return to this\nvery interesting question again. Meanwhile, may I beg the forbearance of\nyour more learned correspondents?\n\nRT.\n\nWarmington.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.\n\n_Sir W. Newton's Process._--Having been requested by several friends to\ngive them a statement of my mode of proceeding with reference to the\ncalotypic art, and as I am of opinion that we ought to assist each other as\nmuch as possible in the pursuit of this important branch of photography, I\nbeg therefore to offer the following for insertion in your \"N. & Q.,\" if\nyou should deem them worth your acceptance.\n\n_To iodize the Paper._--1st. Brush your paper over with muriate of barytes\n(half an ounce, dissolved in nearly a wine-bottle of distilled water): lay\nit flat to dry. 2nd. Dissolve sixty grains of nitrate of silver in about an\nounce of distilled water. Ditto sixty grains of iodide of potassium in\nanother bottle with the like quantity of water. Mix them together and shake\nwell: let it subside: pour off the water, and then add _hot_ water: shake\nit well: let subside: pour off the water, and then add three ounces of\ndistilled water, and afterwards as much iodide of potassium as will\nredissolve the iodide of silver.\n\nBrush your previously prepared paper well with this, and let dry; then\nplace them in water, one by one, for about one hour and a half or two\nhours, _constantly agitating the water_. As many as a dozen pieces may be\nput into the water, one after the other, taking care that there are no\nair-bubbles: take them out, and pin to the edge of a board at one corner.\n\nWhen dry they will be ready for exciting for the camera by the following\nprocess:\n\n(These are supposed to be in six 1-ounce bottles with glass stoppers.)\n\n  +-------------------+--------------------+--------------+\n  |        1.         |         2.         |      3.      |\n  | 1 drachm of No.   | 20 min. of No. 3., | A saturated  |\n  | 4., 6 drachms of  | 6 drachms of       | solution of  |\n  | distilled water.  | distilled water.   | gallic acid. |\n  +-------------------+----------------+---+--------------+\n  |        4.         |       5.       |        6.        |\n  | 25 grains of      | 2 drachms of   | Equal parts of   |\n  | nitrate of silver | No. 4., 6 drs. | Nos. 1. and 2.   |\n  | to half an ounce  | of water.      |                  |\n  | of water. Add 45  |                | N.B.--This must  |\n  | minims of glacial |                | be mixed just    |\n  | acetic acid.      |                | before using,    |\n  |                   |                | and the bottle   |\n  |                   |                | cleaned          |\n  |                   |                | afterwards.      |\n  +-------------------+----------------+------------------+\n\n_To excite for the Camera._--Mix equal parts of Nos. 1. and 2., and with a\nglass rod excite the iodized paper and blot off; and it may be put in the\nslide at once, or the number you require may be excited, and put into a\nblotting paper book, one between each leaf, and allowed to remain until\nrequired to be placed in the slide.\n\n_Time of Exposure._--The time varies from three minutes to a quarter of an\nhour, according to the nature of the subject and the power of the sun; but\nfive minutes is _generally_ the proper time.\n\n_To bring out._--Bring out with No. 3., and when the subject begins to\nappear, add No. 5.; and when sufficiently developed hold it up, and pour\nwater upon it; and then put it into hyposulphite of soda to fix it, for\nabout half an hour {141} or more, and then into water: this is merely to\nfix it for the after process at your leisure.\n\n_To clean the Negative._--Get a zinc tray about three or four inches deep,\nwith another tray to fit in at the top, about one inch deep; fill the lower\ntray with boiling water, so that the upper tray may touch the water; put\nyour solution of hyposulphite of soda, not strong, in the upper tray, and\nthen your negatives one by one, watching them with care until the iodine is\nremoved; then put them in hot water, containing a small piece of common\nsoda (the size of a nutmeg to about two quarts of water), for about ten\nminutes; pour off the dirty water, and then add more hot water, shaking\nthem gently for a short time; pour off the water again, and then add fresh\nhot water, and let it remain until it is cold, after which take them out\nCAREFULLY, one by one, and put them in clean cold water for an hour or two;\nthen take them _all out together_, and hold up to drain for a short time,\nand then put them between three or four thicknesses of linen, and press as\nmuch of the water out as you can; then _carefully_ (_for now all the size\nis removed_) lay them out flat upon linen to dry.\n\n_Mode of Waxing the Negatives._--Melt the pure white wax over a lamp of\nmoderate heat, just merely to keep it in a liquid state; then fill the same\ndeep tray as above described with boiling water, and with _another_ similar\nto the upper one before described (_which must be kept for this purpose\nonly_); put a clean piece of blotting-paper in this tray, and lay your\nnegative _face downwards_, and with a soft _flat_ hog's hair-brush, about\nan inch wide, dip it into the liquid wax, and brush the negative over, when\nit will be immediately transparent, and it can be done so that there is\nvery little redundant wax, after which it may be put between two or three\nthicknesses of blotting-paper and ironed, if necessary, which, however,\nshould not be _very_ hot, when it is ready to take positives from.\n\n_Positives on Negative Paper._--Take one part of the iodide of silver\nbefore described, and add two parts of water; then add as much iodide of\npotassium as will redissolve it. Brush your paper with the foregoing, let\ndry, put into water, and proceed, in all respects, as above described for\nthe negatives.\n\n_Excite for Positives._--Excite with No. 1.; blot off: lay it in your\npress, place the negative face downwards: expose to the light from ten\nseconds to half a minute, or more, according to the light (_not in the\nsun_), and bring out with No. 3.; and when it is nearly developed add No.\n1.; then take it up and pour water upon it, and then place it in\nhyposulphite of soda (cold) until the iodine is removed; after which put it\ninto allum water, about half a teaspoonful of powdered allum in two quarts\nof water; this will readily remove the hyposulphite, and also fix the\npositive more particularly; it will also take away any impurities which\nthere may be in the paper, after which put it into clean cold water, and\nchange two or three times.\n\nI have been thus particular in describing the process which I have adopted,\nmore especially for beginners; and with great cleanliness and care in each\nprocess, and especially in keeping all the bottles with the chemicals free\nfrom dirt of every kind, the foregoing will lead to favourable results.\n\nW. J. NEWTON.\n\nI have been making some experiments in preparing the iodized paper in the\nfollowing manner, more especially in consideration of the present price of\niodide of potassium:--60 grains of nitrate of silver; 60 ditto of iodide of\npotassium, cleaned and prepared as before described, by the addition of\nthree ounces of water,--that is 3 oz. altogether; 60 grains of cyanide of\npotassium; add a little of this at a time, and shake it up; and I generally\nfind that this quantity is sufficient to redissolve the 60 grains of iodide\nof silver. Brush the paper over with the above, and when the wet surface\ndisappears, dip it into cold water containing one drachm of dilute\nsulphuric acid to one quart of water; and then into water for half an hour,\nchanging the water once: pin up to dry. I have not had an opportunity of\ntrying this for negatives, but I have taken some good positives with the\npaper so prepared.\n\nN.B.--I find that if the paper is allowed to dry with the cyanide of\npotassium, or that it is allowed to remain in the dilute sulphuric acid\nwater too long, it weakens the paper so much as to be very absorbent. I\nwould therefore wish to know from any of your correspondents whether this\narises from taking away the size, or injuring the fibres of the paper? and,\nif so, whether a paper prepared with starch, instead of size, would be\nbetter? as it appears to me that this mode of iodizing might be an\nimprovement. At all events, it is an enormous saving of iodide of\npotassium; as, for instance, to redissolve the 60 grains, it would take 1\u00bd\noz. of iodide of potassium (about four shillings); whereas 60 grains of\ncyanide would not cost more than one penny or twopence.\n\nW. J. N.\n\n_Collodion Film on Copper Plates._--Would any of your correspondents kindly\ndescribe the manner in which the collodion film may be transferred to\nprepared copper plates?\n\nIt was noticed by your correspondent H. W. D. in Vol. vi., p. 470.\n\nJ. M. S.\n\n_Treatment of the Paper Positive after fixing._--1. Is it absolutely\nnecessary for the preservation of the picture, that the size should be\nwholly removed from the paper? It seems to me that the hot-water treatment\nmaterially injures the tone. {142}\n\n2. In re-sizing, what is the kind of size and degree of strength generally\nmade use of, and mode of application? I have tried gelatine and isinglass\nsize, of various degrees of strength, without satisfactory results.\n\n3. Should the hot iron, used for improvement of tone, be applied previous\nto the picture being re-sized, or as a finishing operation? I find much\ndifficulty from the liability of the paper to shrivel under it.\n\n4. Is the glossy appearance, observed in finished photographs, attained\nsolely by use of the burnisher?\n\n5. What is albumenized paper? used, I believe, by some in printing; and the\nmode of its preparation?\n\nH. B. B.\n\nP.S.--If I am not presuming too much upon your kindness, I should feel\ngreatly indebted for information upon the above points, either privately or\nthrough the medium of \"N. & Q.,\" according to the importance you may attach\nto them.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Essay for a New Translation of the Bible_ (Vol. vii., p. 40.).--This work\nwas written by Charles Le Cene, a French Protestant minister, who, on the\nrevocation of the edict of Nantes, sought refuge in England, and died at\nLondon in 1703. The translation was made by Hugh Ross, a Scotchman and\nsea-chaplain, but who was not sufficiently ingenuous to tell his readers\nthat it was a translation. Orme says: \"The essay contains a good deal of\nvaluable information; points out many erroneous renderings of passages of\nScripture; and suggests better meanings, and the means of correcting the\nmodern translations generally.\"--_Bibliothecha Biblica_, p. 94. A short\naccount of Le Cene will be found in Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._ See also\nLewis's _Translations of the Bible_, 8vo. 1818, p. 338.\n\nJOHN I. DREDGE.\n\nI have a copy of the _Essay for a New Translation of the Bible_, second\nedition, 1727 (not 1717), which your correspondent W. W. T. inquires about\n(Vol. vii., p. 40.). It is the translation of a work of the Huguenot\nrefugee, Charles Le Cene, _Projet d'une nouvelle version fran\u00e7oise de la\nBible_. H. R., who signs the dedication, was Hugh Ross, according to a note\nin my copy, which my father made on the authority of one of the clergy of\nNorwich about twenty years ago, I believe of Dr. Charles Sutton. I have\nbeen unable to ascertain anything about him, his name not appearing in any\nbiographical dictionary I have seen, and the book not being in the Museum\nlibrary. The _Biog. Universelle_ charges Le Cene with a tendency to\nPelagian or Socinian errors, both in his _Projet_, and in the _Version_ he\nactually made, and which was printed at Amsterdam. This was a great\ncuriosity in its way, the ancient Oriental titles, &c. being rendered in\ntheir corresponding modern analogues.\n\nB. B. WOODWARD.\n\n_Touchstone_ (Vol. vii., p. 82.).--I think your correspondent ALPHAGE is\nmistaken in alleging that the word _touchstone_ is so called because it\n\"gives a musical sound when touched with a stick.\"\n\nThe _touchstone_ is the dark-coloured flinty slate or schistus (the _Lapis\nLydius_ of the ancients), which has been used from the remotest ages, down\neven to our own days, for testing gold. By touching the black stone with\nthe metal, it leaves behind a clear mark, the colour of which indicates the\ndistinction between the pure and alloyed. Pliny describes it (lib. xxxiii.\ncap. 43.):\n\n    \"Auri argentique mentionem comitatur lapis quem coticulam appellant,\n    quondam non solitus inveniri, nisi in flumine Tmolo, ut auctor est\n    Theophrastus: nunc vero passim; quem alii Heraclium, alii Lydium\n    vocant. His coticulis periti, cum e vena ut lima rapuerint\n    experimentum, protinus dicunt quantum auri sit in ea, quantum argenti\n    vel \u00e6ris, scripulari differentia, mirabili ratione, non fallente.\"\n\nThis is the substance referred to in the apothegms of Lord Bacon, that\n\"gold is tried by the _touchstone_, and men by gold.\"\n\nThe French, from the same practice, know the same substance by the name of\n_Pierre de touche_. The use of the touchstone, at the present day, is thus\ndescribed by Ure in his _Dictionary of Arts and Mines_, under the head of\n\"Assay:\"\n\n    \"In such small work as cannot be assayed, by scraping off a part and\n    cupelling it, the assayers endeavor to ascertain its fineness or\n    quality by the touch. This is a method of comparing the colour and\n    other properties of a minute portion of the metal, with those of small\n    bars, the composition of which is known. These bars are called _touch\n    needles_, and they are rubbed upon a smooth piece of black basaltes, or\n    pottery, which _for this reason is called the touchstone_.\"\n\nW. W. E. T.\n\n66. Warwick Square, Belgravia.\n\n_Early Edition of Solinus_ (Vol. vi., p. 435.).--\"Solinus _de Situ et\nMemor. Orbis_, editio princeps, folio, Venet. 1473.\" My copy was described\nas above in the catalogue of the bookseller of whom I purchased it. It\ncontains a very fine illuminated initial letter, red, blue, and gold. It\nhas no pagination. At the end, in capitals:\n\n    \"IVLII SOLINI DE SITV ORBIS ET MEMORABILIBVS QVAE MVNDI AMBITU\n    CONTINENTVR LIBER IMPRESSVS VENETIIS PER NICOLAVM IENSON GALLICVM.\n    M.CCCC.LXXIII.\"\n\nShould any gentleman wish to see it, I shall be happy to oblige him. Mine\nis marked \"6s.,\" and below this price, \"sold 10s.\"\n\nA. DUNKIN.\n\nDartford.\n\n{143}\n\n_Straw Bail_ (Vol. vii., p. 85.).--Part of this Query may be answered by\nthe following extract:\n\n    \"For the bribery and perjury so painfully frequent in Attic testimony,\n    the editor contents himself with quoting from an article in the\n    _Quarterly Review_ (vol. xxxiii. p. 344.), in which the Greek courts of\n    justice are treated of.--'We have all heard of a race of men who used,\n    in former days, to ply about our own courts of law, and who, from their\n    manner of making known their occupation, were recognized by the name of\n    _Straw-shoes_. An advocate, or lawyer, who wanted a _convenient_\n    witness, knew by these signs where to find one, and the colloquy\n    between the parties was brief. 'Don't you remember?' said the\n    advocate--(the party looked at the fee and gave no sign; but the fee\n    increased, and the powers of memory increased with it). 'To be sure I\n    do.' 'Then come into the court and swear it.' And Straw-shoes went into\n    the court and swore it. Athens abounded in Straw-shoes.\"\n\nSee Mitchell's _Wasps_ of Aristophanes, note on line 945.\n\nC. FORBES.\n\nTemple.\n\n_Doctor Young_ (Vol. vii., p. 14.).--J. H. will find an account of Mrs.\nHallows, the lady meant as Young's housekeeper, in Boswell's _Johnson_, p.\n351., ed. 1848; and I can add to Anderson's note, that in the Duchess of\nPortland's correspondence with Young, of which I have seen the originals,\nMrs. Hallows is always mentioned by her Grace with civility and kindness.\n\nC.\n\n_Scarfs worn by Clergymen_ (Vol. vii., p. 108.).--Your correspondent will\nfind the subject of his Query fully discussed in the _Quarterly Review_ for\nJune, 1851 (vol. lxxxix. p. 222.), the result being that the use of the\nscarf, except by chaplains of peers, dignitaries, &c., is a wholly\nunauthorised usurpation of very recent date.\n\nC.\n\n_Cibber's Lives of the Poets_ (Vol. v., p. 161.; Vol. vii., p. 113.).--MR.\nW. L. NICHOLS has transmitted to \"N. & Q.\" what he calls a \"curious letter\nwhich appears to have escaped the notice of MR. CROKER, though it\ncorroborates his statement,\" relative to Dr. Johnson's mistake as to the\nauthorship of those _Lives_. MR. NICHOLS is informed that he will find this\n\"curious letter\" _in extenso_ in Mr. Croker's last edition of _Boswell_, p.\n504., with the date of 1846; the letter itself having been published in\n1843. It is again referred to in p. 818. as decisive of the question.\n\nC.\n\n\"_Letters on Prejudice_\" (Vol. vii., p. 40.).--I have always understood\nfrom private and family sources, that _Letters on Prejudice_, inquired\nafter by W. W. T., were written by a Miss Mary Kenny, an Irishwoman of\ngreat worth and ability. If I am right in this assertion, her brother, who\nwas some time a fellow of the Irish University, and, if not lately dead,\nrector of one of the London churches, should be able to confirm it.\n\nA. B. R.\n\nBelmont.\n\n_Statue of St. Peter_ (Vol. vi., p. 604.; Vol. vii., p. 96.).--On what\nauthority does CEYREP rest the confident statement, that this statue was\nundoubtedly cast for a St. Peter \"in the time of St. Leo the Great?\" I have\nalways understood that it was an ancient statue which had been found in the\nTiber; but here is a distinct assertion as to the period of its origin, for\nwhich some good authority would be very acceptable.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_Lord Goring_ (Vol. ii., pp. 22. 65.).--I see him mentioned (in the\n_Herstelde Leeuw_, fol. 122.) as having been present at the baptism of\nWilliam III. in 1651. He escorted Madam van Dhona, by whom the young prince\nwas carried to church.--_From the Navorscher_.\n\nW. D. V.\n\n_Revolutionary Calendar_ (Vol. vi., pp. 199. 305.).--The lines to which C.\nrefers may be seen in Brady's _Clavis Calendaria_, vol. i. p. 38. He gives\nthem as the lines of an English wit, thus:\n\n \"Autumn, wheezy, sneezy, freezy,\n  Winter, slippy, drippy, nippy;\n  Spring showery, flowery, bowery;\n  Summer hoppy, croppy, poppy.\"\n\nTHOMAS LAWRENCE.\n\nAshby-de-la-Zouch.\n\n_Scanderbags' Sword_ (Vol. vii., p. 35.).--This alludes to a proverb given\nby Fuller, \"Scanderbags' sword must have Scanderbags' arm.\"\n\nZEUS.\n\n_Rhymes upon Places_ (Vol. vii., p. 24.).--Lincolnshire:\n\n \"Gosberton church is very high,\n  Surfleet church is all awry;\n  Pinchbeck church is in a hole,\n  And Spalding church is big with foal.\"\n\nZEUS.\n\n_Nicknames_ (Vol. vi., p. 198.).--If your correspondent will look at Mr.\nBellenden Ker's _Arch\u00e6ology of Popular Phrases_, vol. i. p. 184., he will\nfind an attempt to show the origin of nickname; but, whether we agree or\nnot with Mr. Ker, the whole paragraph is worth reading for its comparative\nphilology: it may, perhaps, bear out that the \"nic\" in \"pic-nic\" is also\nallied.\n\nTHOMAS LAWRENCE.\n\nAshby-de-la-Zouch.\n\n_Nugget_ (Vol. vi., pp. 171. 281.).--E. N. W. inquires the meaning of the\nword _nugget_; and W. S. replies that in Persian _nuqud_ signifies \"ready\nmoney.\" This may have satisfied E. N. W., but it reminds me of Jonathan\nOldbuck and {144} A. D. L. L. I should have thought that any one who had\nthe slightest skill in etymology would have seen at once that _a nugget_ is\nnothing more than a Yankee (?) corruption of _an ingot_. As many may be in\nthe case of E. N. W., you may as well, perhaps, give this a place in \"N. &\nQ.\"\n\nT. K.\n\n_Lawyers' Bags_ (Vol. vii., p. 85.).--I think the statement that \"prior to\nthe trial of Queen Caroline, the colour of the bags carried by barristers\nwas _green_,\" will surprise some legal readers. I had been a barrister\nseveral years when that trial took place, and cannot think that I had ever\nseen (indeed that I have yet seen) a barrister or a barrister's clerk\ncarrying a green bag. I suspect it is a mere blunder arising out of the\ntalk about the \"green bag\" which was said to contain the charges against\nthe Queen. That, however, I apprehend was not a lawyer's bag, whatever some\nlawyers might have to do with it.\n\nA TEMPLAR.\n\nJ. ST. J. Y. may assure himself that Colonel Landman is mistaken. I have\nbeen an attendant upon the Courts for fifty years, and therefore long\nbefore the terrible green bag containing the charges against Queen Caroline\nwas brought into the House of Commons; and I can confidently assert that I\nnever saw a green bag borne by a barrister or solicitor during that time.\nThe only colours that were ever paraded in my experience by those legal\nfunctionaries, were purple and crimson; and they have so continued till the\npresent time--I will not say without interruption, because I have been\ngrieved to see that tailors and small London pedlars have invaded the\nprivilege.\n\nCAUSIDICUS.\n\n_Catherine Barton_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 434.).--My attention has been drawn\nto some questions in your early Numbers respecting this lady. She was the\ndaughter of Robert Barton of Brigstock, Northamptonshire, and Hannah Smith,\nhalf-sister of Sir Isaac Newton. The Colonel Barton of whom she is said to\nbe the widow, was her cousin, Colonel Noel Barton, who served with\ndistinction under Marlborough, and died at the age of forty. He was son of\nThomas, eldest son of Thomas Barton of Brigstock.\n\nThe Lieutenant Matthew Barton mentioned by DE CAMERA was the son of Jeffery\nBarton, Rector of Rashden, Northamptonshire, afterwards Admiral Barton.\nJeffery was the youngest son of Thomas Barton of Brigstock.\n\nO. O. O.\n\n_Bells and Storms_ (Vol. iv., p. 508.).--Wynkin de Worde, one of the\nearliest of the English printers, in _The Golden Legend_, observes:\n\n    \"It is said, the evil spirytes that ben in the region of th' ayre,\n    doubte moche when they here the belles ringen whan it thondreth, and\n    when grete tempeste and rages of wether happen, to the ende that the\n    feinds and wycked spirytes should ben abashed and flee, and cease of\n    the movynge of tempeste.\"\n\nWe have, in Sir John Sinclair's statistical account of Scotland, an account\ngiven of a bell belonging to the old chapel of St. Fillan, in the parish of\nKillin, Perthshire, which usually lay on a gravestone in the churchyard.\nMad people were brought hither to be dipped in the saint's pool; the maniac\nwas then confined all night in the chapel, bound with ropes, and in the\nmorning the bell was set on his head with great solemnity. This was the\nHighland cure for mania. It was the popular superstition of the district,\nthat this bell would, if stolen, extricate itself out of the thief's hands,\nand return to its original place, ringing all the way.\n\nRUSSELL GOLE.\n\n_Latin Poem_ (Vol. vii., pp. 6, 7.).--LORD BRAYBROOKE does not appear to be\nso correct as usual in his belief, that neither of the two Latin poems,\nwhich he quotes, have been previously in print. Crowe's beautiful monody\nwill be found at p. 234. of his collected poems, published by Murray, 1827.\nThe printed copy, however, which is headed\n\n \"Inscriptio in horto Auctoris apud Alton in Com.\n                        Wilt.\n                        ----\n                        M. S.\n                  Gulielmi Crowe,\n                  Signif. Leg. iv.\n                Qui cecidit in acie,\n        8 die Jan. A.D. 1815. \u00c6t. s. 21.\"\n\nhas the following differences: line 7., \"respexit\" for \"ascripsit;\" l. 9.,\n\"solvo\" for \"pono.\" L. 10. and the following lines stand thus:\n\n \"Quinetiam assidue hic veniam, lent\u00e6que senect\u00e6,\n  De Te, dulce Caput, meditando, tempora ducam:\n  S\u00e6pe Tuam recolens formam, moresque decentes,\n  Dictaque, tum sancto, et sapienti corde profecta,\n  Tum festiva quidem, et vario condita lepore.\n  Id mihi nunc solamen erit, dum vita manebit.\n    Tu ver\u00f2, quicunque olim successoris H\u00e6res,\n  Sedibus his oro, moesti reverere parentis,\"\n\nand so on to the end, with one or two alterations; except in the\npenultimate line, \"sit\" for \"stet;\" and, in the last, \"jucundi\" for\n\"dilecti.\"\n\nC. W. BINGHAM\n\n    [LORD BRAYBROOKE was certainly not aware that Crowe's monody had been\n    published with his Poems. LORD BRAYBROOKE'S version was copied, about\n    thirty years ago, _verbatim et literatim_, from a manuscript in the\n    handwriting of the late Lord Glastonbury, who died in 1825.]\n\n_Daubuz_ (Vol. vi., p. 527.).--An interesting notice of the Rev. Charles\nDaubuz occurs in Hunter's _Hallamshire_, p. 175. It is unnecessary to quote\nthe whole, and I shall content myself with merely observing that if the\ndates in the {145} _Hallamshire_ are to be depended upon, and I have almost\ninvariably found them correct, there is a slight inaccuracy in the note\ncopied from the commentary. Mr. Hunter writes--\n\n    \"He (Daubuz) was a native of Guienne, but at twelve years of age was\n    driven from his native country, with his only surviving parent Julia\n    Daubuz, by the religious persecution of 1686. In 1689 he was admitted\n    of Queen's College, Cambridge, and remained in college till 1696, when\n    he accepted the situation of head master of the (Grammar) School of\n    Sheffield. He left Sheffield in 1699 on being presented to the Vicarage\n    of Brotherton near Ferry-Bridge, where he was much loved and respected.\n    He died there on the 14th of June, 1717,\" &c.\n\nW. S. (Sheffield.)\n\nWhen the Levant Company surrendered their charter to the crown in the year\n1826, Mr. J. T. Daubuz was treasurer to the Company. He was a highly\nrespected merchant in the city of London, and had purchased the estate of\nOffington, near Worthing in Sussex, an estate formerly belonging to the\nLords De la Warr. Mr. Daubuz still resides at Offington.\n\nJ. B.\n\n_The Bride's Seat in Church_ (Vol. vi., p. 424.).--One of the sermons\nmentioned in Surtees' note, and inquired after by J. R. M., M.A., was\nwritten by William Whately, the learned and celebrated Puritan, who was\nvicar of Banbury in Oxfordshire. It is entitled\n\n    \"A Bride Bush, or a Wedding Sermon, compendiously describing the duties\n    of married persons. By performing whereof, marriage shall be to them a\n    great helpe, which now find it a little hell. London, 1617. 4to. On\n    Eph. v. 23.\"\n\nI believe a copy of the sermon may be found in the Bodleian Library. Two\npropositions contained in this sermon led to Whately's being convened\nbefore the High Commission, when he acknowledged that he was unable to\njustify them, and recanted May 4, 1621. (See Wood's _Ath. Oxon._ by Bliss,\nvol. ii. col. 638.)\n\nJOHN. I. DREDGE.\n\n_Louis Napoleon, President of France_ (Vol. vi., p. 435.).--Modern history\nfurnishes more than one instance of the anomaly adverted to by MR. RELTON.\nAfter the murder of Louis XVI., his son, though he never ascended the\nthrone, was recognized by the legitimists of the day as Louis XVII.; and on\nthe restoration of the family in 1815, the Comte d'Artois assumed the title\nof Louis XVIII. In this way the revolutionary chasm was, as it were,\nbridged over, and the dynasty of the elder Bourbons exhibited on an\nuninterrupted line.\n\nSo it is as regards the Napoleon dynasty. The Duke de Reichstadt,\nNapoleon's son, was in the same predicament as the son of Louis XVI. He\nreceived from the Bonapartists the title of Napoleon II.; and Louis\nNapoleon therefore becomes Napoleon III.\n\nA similar case _might_ have occurred to the House of Stuart, if the\nPretender's son, who began by taking the title of Henry IX., had not\nextinguished the hopes and pretensions of his ill-fated race, by exchanging\nhis \"crown\" for a cardinal's hat. And to-morrow (though that is perhaps a\nlittle too soon) the same thing may happen again to the elder branch of the\nBourbons, should the Comte de Chambord (Henry V.) leave a son of that name\nto ascend the throne as Henry VI.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n_Chapel Plaster_ (Vol. vii., p. 37.).--For an explanation of the word\n_plaster_, on which your correspondent has offered so elaborate a\ncommentary, I would beg to refer him to White's _Selborne_ (vol. i. p. 5;\nvol. ii. p. 340., 4to. edit.):\n\n    \"In the centre of the village, and near the church, is a square piece\n    of ground surrounded by houses, and vulgarly called _The Plestor_. In\n    the midst of this spot stood, in old times, a vast oak.... This\n    venerable tree, surrounded with stone steps, and seats above them, was\n    the delight of old and young, and a place of much resort in summer\n    evenings; where the former sat in grave debate, while the latter\n    frolicked and danced before them.\n\n    \"This _Pleystow_ (Saxon, Plegstow), _locus ludorum_, or play-place,\n    continues still, as in old times, to be the scene of recreation for the\n    youths and children of the neighbourhood.\"\n\n_Chapel Plaster_ is, I believe, an outlying hamlet belonging to the parish\nof Box; and the name imports merely what in Scotland would be called \"the\nKirk on the Green\"--the chapel built on, or near to, the playground of the\nvillagers.\n\nThe fascinating volumes above named will afford a reply to an unanswered\nQuery in your second volume (Vol. ii., p. 266.), the meaning of the local\nword _Hanger_:\n\n    \"The high part to the S.W. consists of a vast hill of chalk, rising 300\n    feet above the village; and is divided into a sheep down, the high\n    wood, and _a long hanging wood_, called _The Hanger_.\"--Vol. i. p. 1.\n\nW. L. NICHOLS.\n\nLansdown Place, Bath.\n\n_Passage in Thomson_ (Vol. vii., p. 67.).--_Steaming_ is clearly the true\nreading, and means that the exhalations which _steam_ from the waters are\nsent down again in the showers of spring. This will appear still clearer by\nreference to a similar passage in Milton's Morning Hymn, which Thomson was\nevidently copying:\n\n \"Ye mists and exhalations that now rise\n  From hill or _steaming_ lake, dusky or grey,\" &c.\n\nC.\n\n{146}\n\n_Passage in Locksley Hall_ (Vol. vii., p. 25.).--If Tennyson really meant\nhis readers to gather from the lines in question, that the curlew's _call\ngleams_ about the moorland, he used a very bold figure of speech, yet one\nnot uncommon in the vivid language of Greece. For example:\n\n    \"[Greek: Paian de lampei stonoessa te n\u00earus homaulos.]\"\n\nAnd again,\n\n    \"[Greek: Elampse ... arti\u00f4s phaneisa phama.]\" (Sophocles.)\n\nSo also,\n\n    \"[Greek: Boa prepei.]\" (Pindar and \u00c6schylus.)\n\nMay it not, however, be just possible that Tennyson did not mean\n_anything_?\n\nA. A. D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nNEWMAN'S FERNS. Large Edition.\n\nENIGMATICAL ENTERTAINER. Nos. I. and II. 1827 and 1828. Sherwood & Co.\n\nNORTHUMBRIAN MIRROR. New Series. 1841, &c.\n\nBRITISH DIARY FOR 1794, by COTES and HALL.\n\nHEATH'S PALLADIUM.\n\nREUBEN BURROW'S DIARIE, 1782-1788.\n\nMARRAT'S SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL. New York.\n\nMATHEMATICAL CORRESPONDENT (American.)\n\nLEEDS CORRESPONDENT. Vol. V., Nos. 1, 2, and 3.\n\nMATHEMATICAL MISCELLANY. 1735.\n\nTURNER'S MATHEMATICAL MISCELLANY. 1750.\n\nWHITING'S SELECT EXERCISES, with KEY.\n\nWALTON AND COTTON'S ANGLER, by HAWKINS. Part II. 1784.\n\nDE LA CROIX'S CONNUBIA FLORUM. Bathoni\u00e6, 1791. 8vo.\n\nREID'S HISTORICAL BOTANY. Windsor, 1826. 3 vols. 12mo.\n\nANTHOLOGIA BOREALIS ET AUSTRALIS.\n\nFLORILEGIUM SANCTARUM ASPIRATIONUM.\n\nLADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI, 3 tom. fol. Rom\u00e6, 1728-1737.\n\nTOWNSEND'S PARISIAN COSTUMES. 3 Vols. 4to. 1831-1839.\n\nTHE BOOK OF ADAM.\n\nTHE TESTAMENTS OF THE TWELVE PATRIARCHS, THE SONS OF JACOB.\n\nMASSINGER'S PLAYS, by GIFFORD. Vol. IV. 8vo. Second Edition. 1813.\n\nSPECTATOR. Vols. V. and VII. 12mo. London, 1753.\n\nCOSTERUS (FRAN\u00c7OIS) CINQUANTE MEDITATIONS DE TOUTE L'HISTOIRE DE LA PASSION\nDE NOSTRE SEIGNEUR. 8vo. Anvers, Christ. Plantin.; Or Any of the works of\nCosterus in any language.\n\nGUARDIAN. 12mo.\n\nWHAT THE CHARTISTS ARE. A Letter to English Working Men, by a\nFellow-Labourer. 12mo. London, 1848.\n\nLETTER OF CHURCH RATES, by RALPH BARNES. 8vo. London, 1837.\n\nCOLMAN'S TRANSLATION OF HORACE DE ARTE POETICA. 4to. 1783.\n\nCASAUBON'S TREATISE ON GREEK AND ROMAN SATIRE.\n\nBOSCAWEN'S TREATISE ON SATIRE. London, 1797.\n\nJOHNSON'S LIVES (Walker's Classics). Vol. I.\n\nTITMARSH'S PARIS SKETCH-BOOK. Post 8vo. Vol. I. Macrone, 1840.\n\nFIELDING'S WORKS. Vol. XI. (being second of \"Amelia.\") 12mo. 1808.\n\nHOLCROFT'S LAVATER. Vol. I. 8vo. 1789.\n\nOTWAY. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 1768.\n\nEDMONDSON'S HERALDRY. Vol. II. Folio. 1780.\n\nSERMONS AND TRACTS, by W. ADAMS, D.D.\n\nTHE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for January 1851.\n\nBEN JONSON'S WORKS. (London, 1716. 6 vols.) Vol. II. wanted.\n\nRAPIN'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, 8vo. Vols. I., III. and V. of the CONTINUATION\nby TINDAL. 1744.\n\n*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send\ntheir names._\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, &C. _In consequence of the number of_ REPLIES _waiting for\ninsertion, we have thought it right this week to omit our usual_ NOTES ON\nBOOKS, _&c._\n\nJ. L. (Islington). _The ordinary Spirits of Wine, sixty over proof, is that\nreferred to. The Ether is to be common rectified Ether, and_ not _the\nwashed Ether_.\n\nA CONSTANT READER _is informed that Stereoscopic views may be taken in any\nCamera. We must refer him for answers to his other Queries to any of the\nnumerous dealers in such objects_.\n\nINQUIRER (Edinburgh)_'s Photographic difficulty shall be solved next week_.\n\nH. H. H. (Ashburton). _It is only some specimens of Gutta Percha that can\nbe acted upon by Collodion, which then takes up a very minute portion of a\nwaxy substance which occurs in some Gutta Percha, and some other eastern\nproducts. The advantages derived from its use are very questionable._\n\nT. N. B._'s offer is accepted with thanks_.\n\nT. K. G. _The enigma_\n\n \"'Twas whisper'd in heaven\"\n\n_was certainly written by Miss Catherine Fanshawe. Another enigma from her\npen, \"On the Letter_ I,\" _will be found in our_ 5th Vol., p. 427.\n\nW. H. L. _The line_\n\n \"To err is human, to forgive divine,\"\n\n_is the 525th of Pope's_ Essay on Criticism.\n\nH. G. D. _We should be glad to see the Notes referred to._\n\nVARRO. _We have a letter on the subject of the Reprint of the First Folio\nShakspeare for this Correspondent. Shall it be forwarded, or left at our\nPublisher's?_\n\nSHAKSPEARE. _We have in type, or in the printer's hands, two or three\narticles on the text of Shakspeare, to which we propose to give immediate\ninsertion. After which we would suggest the propriety of our Correspondents\nsuspending their labour on this subject until the appearance of_ MR.\nCOLLIER_'s promised edition, which is to contain all the MS. emendations in\nhis copy of the Folio of 1632_.\n\nPRESTONIENSIS. _A_ Tandem _was so named from some University wag, because\nhe drove his two horses not abreast, but_ at length.\n\nW. L. C. (Preston). _A common brass medal, of no pecuniary value._\n\nJ. G. T. (near Eden Bridge). _The word_ Quarantine _is from the Italian_\nQuaranto, _and refers to the forty days, after which it was supposed there\nwas no further danger of infection. The hymn \"Rock of Ages\" was written by\nToplady; and \"Lo, he comes, in clouds descending!\" by Oliver_.\n\nT. F. (Taunton) _is thanked for his suggestions. The first and second shall\nhave due consideration. As to the third, the taking of it is in no case\nintended to be compulsory._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may\nbe seen at BLAND & LONG's, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured\nApparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of\nPhotography in all its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\n    BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\n    Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,\nSanford's, and Canson Fr\u00e8res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.\nIodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.\n\nSold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.\nPaternoster Row, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{147}\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n   _Directors._\n  H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.\n  William Cabell, Esq.\n  T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.\n  G. Henry Drew, Esq.\n  William Evans, Esq.\n  William Freeman, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.\n  J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.\n  T. Grissell, Esq.\n  James Hunt, Esq.\n  J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.\n  E. Lucas, Esq.\n  James Lys Seager, Esq.\n  J. Basley White, Esq.\n  Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n   _Trustees._\n  W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.;\n  L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.;\n  George Drew, Esq.\n\n_Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P.\n\n_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n\n_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       \u00a3   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4\n   22       1  18   8\n   27       2   4   5\n   32       2  10   8\n   37       2  18   6\n   42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now\nmade arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities,\neither from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of having\ngood impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr. Delamotte's\nPrinting at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place, Bayswater, or at\n\nMR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--The AMMONIO-IODIDE OF SILVER in Collodion (price 9d. per\noz.), prepared by DELATOUCHE & CO., Photographic and Operative Chemists,\n147. Oxford Street, has now stood the test of upwards of Twelve months'\nconstant use; and for taking Portraits or Views on Glass, cannot be\nsurpassed in the beautiful results it produces. MESSRS. DELATOUCHE & CO.\nsupply Apparatus with the most recent Improvements, PURE CHEMICALS,\nPREPARED SENSITIVE PAPERS, and every Article connected with Photography on\nPaper or Glass. Paintings, Engravings, and Works of Art copied in their\nGlass Room, at Moderate Charges. Instruction given in the Art.\n\nSee HENNAH'S new work on the Collodion Process, price 1s., by post 1s. 6d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B.\nHOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who\npublished the application of this agent (see _Athen\u00e6um_, Aug. 14th). Their\nCollodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness,\ntenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any\nclimate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO.\nmanufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements\nadapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for\nDeveloping in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses\nfrom the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, has\nnow obtained an European fame; it supersedes the use of all other\npreparations of Collodion. Witness the subjoined Testimonial.\n\n    \"122. Regent Street\n\n    \"Dear Sir,--In answer to your inquiry of this morning, I have no\n    hesitation in saying that your preparation of Collodion is incomparably\n    better and more sensitive than all the advertised Collodio-Iodides,\n    which, for my professional purposes, are quite useless when compared to\n    yours.\n\n             \"I remain, dear Sir,\n                 \"Yours faithfully,\n                     \"N. HENNEMAN.\n\n          Aug. 30. 1852.\n      to Mr. R.W. Thomas.\"\n\nMR. R. W. THOMAS begs most earnestly to caution photographers against\npurchasing impure chemicals, which are now too frequently sold at very low\nprices. It is to this cause nearly always that their labours are unattended\nwith success.\n\nChemicals of absolute purity, especially prepared for this art, may be\nobtained from R. W. THOMAS, Chemist and Professor of Photography, 10. Pall\nMall.\n\nN.B.--The name of Mr. T.'s preparation, Xylo-Iodide of Silver, is made use\nof by unprincipled persons. To prevent imposition each bottle is stamped\nwith a red label bearing the maker's signature.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nKERR & STRANG, Perfumers and Wig-Makers, 124. Leadenhall Street, London,\nrespectfully inform the Nobility and Public that they have invented and\nbrought to the greatest perfection the following leading articles, besides\nnumerous others:--Their Ventilating Natural Curl; Ladies and Gentlemen's\nPERUKES, either Crops or Full Dress, with Partings and Crowns so natural as\nto defy detection, and with or without their improved Metallic Springs;\nVentilating Fronts, Bandeaux, Borders, Nattes, Bands \u00e0 la Reine, &c.; also\ntheir instantaneous Liquid Hair Dye, the only dye that really answers for\nall colours, and never fades nor acquires that unnatural red or purple tint\ncommon to all other dyes; it is permanent, free of any smell, and perfectly\nharmless. Any lady or gentleman, sceptical of its effects in dyeing any\nshade of colour, can have it applied, free of any charge, at KERR &\nSTRANG'S, 124. Leadenhall Street.\n\nSold in Cases at 7s. 6d., 15s., and 20s. Samples, 3s. 6d., sent to all\nparts on receipt of Post-office Order or Stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.\n\n(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF LINDLEY)\n\nOf Saturday, January 29, contains Articles on\n\n  Agricultural Commissioners\n  ---- College, Cirencester, Sessional Examination at\n  ---- prize essays\n  Allamanda neriifolia\n  Apple trees, to graft\n  Bee, cure for sting of, by M. Gumprecht\n  Beet, sugar\n  Birds, predatory\n  Bird skins\n  Butter, to make\n  Cabbage Weevil (with engraving)\n  Calendar, horticultural\n  ---- agricultural\n  Chemical works\n  Cherry trees, to root-prune\n  College, Cirencester, Agricultural Sessional Examination at\n  Copings for walls\n  Cottages, labourers'\n  Cucumber, Hunter's\n  Draining, experience in\n  Drip, to prevent\n  Dwyer on Engineering, rev.\n  Euphorbia jacquiniflora, by Mr. Bennett\n  Farming, year's experience in, by the Rev. G. Wilkins\n  Fern, new British\n  Fertilisation\n  Floriculture, past and present\n  Grapes, red Hamburgh, by Mr. Wheeler\n  Gardeners, emigration of\n  Gutters, zinc\n  Henderson's (Messrs.) nursery\n  Larch, rot in\n  Lotus of ancients\n  Manures, town\n  Melons, Surda, by Lieut. Lowther\n  Orchids, guano-water for\n  Pigs, greaves for\n  Pleuropneumonia, by Mr. Marnell\n  Poppies, to sow\n  Potatoes, luminous, by Mr. Grice\n  Poultry dealers\n  Rain, fall of\n  Reviews, miscellaneous\n  Roses in Derbyshire\n  Season, mildness of\n  Shows, reports of the Cornwall and Torquay Poultry\n  Societies, proceedings of the Linnean\n  Sugar beet\n  Truffles\n  Walls, coping for\n  Wall trees, badly pruned\n  Weather in Scotland\n  Weevil, cabbage (with engraving)\n  Wheat, system of growing at Lois Weeden\n  ---- culture of\n  Willow, weeping\n  Woodland question, by Mr. Bailey Denton\n  Wool, wood\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to\nthe above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices,\nwith returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed\nMarkets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the\ntransactions of the week_.\n\nORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington\nStreet, Covent Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS and VIEWS by the Collodion and Waxed-Paper Process.\nApparatus, Materials, and Pure Chemical Preparations for the above\nprocesses, Superior Iodized Collodion, known by the name of Collodio-iodide\nor Xylo-iodide of Silver, 9d_._ per oz. Pyro-gallic Acid, 4s. per drachm.\nAcetic Acid, suited for Collodion Pictures, 8d. per oz. Crystallizable and\nperfectly pure, on which the success of the Calotypist so much depends, 1s.\nper oz. Canson Fr\u00e8res' Negative Paper, 3s.; Positive do., 4s. 6d.; La\nCroix, 3s.; Turner, 3s. Whatman's Negative and Positive, 3s. per quire.\nIodized Waxed Paper, 10s. 6d. per quire. Sensitive Paper ready for the\nCamera, and warranted to keep from fourteen to twenty days, with directions\nfor use, 11 \u00d7 9, 9s. per doz.; Iodized, only 6s. per doz.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS (sole Agents for Voightlander & Sons' celebrated\nLenses), Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, with every requisite for the practice of\nPhotography, according to the instructions of Hunt, Le Gray, Br\u00e9bisson, &c.\n&c., may be obtained of WILLIAM BOLTON, Manufacturer of pure chemicals for\nPhotographic and other purposes.\n\nLists of Prices to be had on application. 146. Holborn Bars.\n\n{148}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOOKS PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD.\n\nTHE HOLY BIBLE, containing the Old and New Testaments, with the Apocryphal\nBooks, in the earliest English Versions made from the Latin Vulgate by John\nWycliffe and his Followers. Edited by the REV. JOSIAH FORSHALL, F.R.S.,\n&c., and SIR FREDERIC MADDEN, K.H.F.R.S., &c. 4 vols. 4to. 5l. 15s. 6d. in\nboards.\n\nEDITIONS OF THE BIBLE AND PARTS THEREOF, in English, from the Year MDV. to\nMDCCCL. With an Appendix containing Specimens of Translations and\nBibliographical Descriptions. Second Edition, Corrected and Enlarged. By\nthe REV. HENRY COTTON, D.C.L., Archdeacon of Cashel, &c. 8vo. Price 8s. 6d.\nin boards.\n\nTHE ORMULUM, now First Edited from the Original Manuscript in the Bodleian,\nwith Notes and a Glossary by ROBERT MEADOWS WHITE, D.D., late Fellow of St.\nMary Magdalene College, and formerly Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the\nUniversity of Oxford. 2 vols. 8vo. Price 1l. 16s. in boards.\n\nCATALOGUS CODICUM MSS. qui in Collegiis Aulisque Oxoniensibus hodie\nadservantur. Confecit HENRICUS O. COXE, M.A., Bibliothec\u00e6 Bodleian\u00e6\nHypo-Bibliothecarius. 2 vols. 4to. 2l. 5s. in boards.\n\nFASTI TEMPORIS CATHOLICI and Origines Kalendari\u00e6. By EDWARD GRESWELL, B.D.,\nFellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. 5 vols. 8vo., and a quarto volume\nof Tables. Price 3l. 5s. in boards.\n\nFASTI HELLENICI. The Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece and Rome, from\nthe CXXIVth Olympiad to the Death of Augustus. By HENRY FYNES CLINTON,\nESQ., M.A., late Student of Christ Church. Second Edition, with additions.\n4to. Price 1l. 12s. in boards.\n\nAN EPITOME of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, from the\nearliest Accounts to the Death of Augustus. By HENRY FYNES CLINTON, ESQ.,\nM.A., late Student of Christ Church. 8vo. Price 6s. 6d. in boards.\n\nCARTE'S LIFE OF JAMES DUKE OF ORMOND; containing an account of the most\nremarkable affairs of his time, and particularly of Ireland under his\ngovernment; with an Appendix and a Collection of Letters, serving to verify\nthe most material facts in the said History. A new Edition, carefully\ncompared with the original MSS. 6 vols. 8vo. Price 2l. 6s. in boards.\n\nBISHOP BURNET'S HISTORY OF THE REIGN OF KING JAMES THE SECOND. Notes by the\nEarl of Dartmouth, Speaker Onslow, and Dean Swift. Additional Observations\nnow enlarged. 8vo. Price 9s. 6d. in boards.\n\nBISHOP BURNET'S Memoirs of the Lives and Actions of James and William Dukes\nof Hamilton and Castle-Herald. A new Edition. 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. in boards.\n\nPHILOSOPHUMENA ORIGENIS? (sive Hippolyti?) e Codice Parisino nunc primum\nedidit EMMANUEL MILLER. 8vo. boards. 10s.\n\nSold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London.\n\nE. GARDNER, 7. Paternoster Row.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR FEBRUARY.\n\nVol. IV., containing the CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE, translated and edited, with\nNotes (many additional), by the Right REV. CHARLES SUMMER, D.D., Bishop of\nWinchester. Post 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d.\n\nBOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR FEBRUARY.\n\nTHEOCRITUS, BION, MOSCHUS, AND TYRT\u00c6US, literally translated into English\nProse, by the REV. J. BANKS, M.A. With the Metrical Versions of CHAPMAN.\nPost 8vo. frontispiece, cloth, 5s.\n\nBOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR FEBRUARY.\n\nMARY and WM. HOWITT'S STORIES OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LIFE, with Twenty\nbeautiful steel Engravings. Post 8vo., cloth, 5s.\n\nBOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR FEBRUARY.\n\nMATTHEW PARIS'S ENGLISH CHRONICLE, translated by DR. GILES. Vol. II. Post\n8vo., 5s.\n\nBOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR FEBRUARY.\n\nBACON'S NOVUM ORGANUM AND ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING. Complete, with Notes by\nJ. DEVEY, M.A. Post 8vo., cloth, 5s.\n\nNOW READY.\n\nTURNER'S LIBER FLUVIORUM: or River Scenery of France. Sixty-one highly\nfinished Line Engravings on Steel by WILLMORE, GOODALL, and others. To\nwhich is prefixed, a Memoir of Turner (including a copy of his Will) by\nALARIC A. WATTS. Imp. 8vo. gilt cloth extra (a remarkably splendid volume),\n1l. 11s. 6d.\n\nNOW READY.\n\nHUMMING BIRDS. A General History of the Trochilid\u00e6, or Humming Birds, with\nespecial reference to the Collection of J. GOULD, F.R.S., &c. (now\nexhibiting in the Gardens of the Zoological Society, London), by W.C.L.\nMARTIN, late one of the Scientific Officers of the Zoological Society of\nLondon. Fcap. 8vo. with 16 plates, cloth gilt., 5s.--The same, with plates\nbeautifully coloured, heightened with gold, cloth gilt, 10s. 6d.\n\nNOW READY.\n\nSOWERBY'S CONCHOLOGICAL MANUAL, New Edition, considerably enlarged, with\nnumerous Woodcuts in the Introduction, and additional plates, containing in\nall upwards of 650 figures, 8vo., cloth, 18s.--The same, with the plates\nbeautifully coloured, gilt cloth, 1l. 16s.\n\nTHIS DAY IS PUBLISHED.\n\nTHE WIDE, WIDE WORLD, by ELIZABETH WETHERELL. Complete in 1 vol. post 8vo.\nblue cloth extra, gilt edges, 3s. 6d.--Or splendidly illustrated with 9\nhighly finished engravings on steel, post 8vo. richly bound in cloth, gilt\nedges, 5s.\n\n*** This by far the most elegant edition yet published.\n\nHENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIn 8vo., price 2s.\n\nVOCABULAIRE ARCHEOLOGIQUE Fran\u00e7ais-Anglais, et Anglais-Fran\u00e7ais; par\nADOLPHE BERTY, Architecte: avec renvois au 1700 VIGNETTES illustrant le\n\"GLOSSAIRE D'ARCHITECTURE.\"\n\nJ.H. PARKER, Editeur. 25. Quai Voltaire, Paris, et 377. Strand, Londres.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nARNOLD'S (REV. T.K.) SCHOOL EDITIONS OF THE GREEK DRAMAS, WITH ENGLISH\nNOTES.\n\nNow ready, in 12mo., price 3s.\n\nEURIPIDIS HIPPOLYTUS; with ENGLISH NOTES. By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER\nARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity College,\nCambridge.\n\nRecently published in this Series:--\n\n1. EURIPIDIS HECUBA. With ENGLISH NOTES. 3s.\n\n2. SOPHOCLIS ANTIGONE, 4s.\n\n3. ---- OEDIPUS COLONEUS, 4s.\n\n4. ---- OEDIPUS TYRANNUS, 4s.\n\n5. ---- PHILOCTETES, 3s.\n\n6. ---- AJAX, 3s.\n\n*** With ENGLISH NOTES translated from the German of SCHNEIDEWIN.\n\n7. ECLOG\u00c6 ARISTOPHANIC\u00c6 (CLOUDS), 3s. 6d.\n\n8. ---- (BIRDS), 3s. 6d.\n\n*** With ENGLISH NOTES, by PROFESSOR FELTON.\n\nRIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, in 8vo., price Two Shillings,\n\nA SECOND LETTER to the REV. S. R. MAITLAND, D.D., formerly Librarian to the\nlate Archbishop of Canterbury, on the Genuineness of the Writings ascribed\nto Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage. By EDWARD JOHN SHEPHERD, M.A., Rector of\nLuddesdown; author of \"History of the Church of Rome to the end of the\nEpiscopate of Damasus.\"\n\n*** A First Letter on the same subject, price 1s., may still be had.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE AND HISTORICAL REVIEW for FEBRUARY contains the\nfollowing articles:--\n\n    1. Memorials of John Home, the Author of Douglas.\n\n    2. The Roman Wall: with Engravings.\n\n    3. Sonnet to Wordsworth, by the Rev. C. V. Le Grice.\n\n    4. Giordano Bruno.\n\n    5. Notices of the American Indians.\n\n    6. The Baroness d'Oberkirch and Citizen Mercier.\n\n    7. The Vale of York: with Engravings.\n\n    8. The Life of Thomas Moore.\n\n    9. Original Papers relative to Dr. Young, Dr. Akenside, and James\n    Boswell.\n\n    10. A Journey from Paris to Italy in 1736.\n\nCorrespondence of Sylvanus Urban: 1. Rise and Progress of the Dowlais\nIronworks. 2. Robin Hood and Sherwood Forest. 3. English Etymology: Amaze\nand Amate, &c. 4. The Prince of Orange's March in 1688. 5. Posterity of\nRalph Thoresby. 6. Register of the Widdringtons. With Notes of the Month,\nProceedings of Antiquarian Societies, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary,\nincluding Memoirs of Adm. Sir T. Briggs, Rear-Adm. Sir T. Troubridge, Dr.\nMerriman, Professor Lee, J. M. Cripps, Esq., J. F. Stephens, Esq., G. M. C.\nBurney, Esq., &c. &c. Price 2s. 6d.\n\nNICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, February 5, 1853.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 171, February 5, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":22389}