{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42789/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42789","id":"gutenberg_42789","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42789","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Other","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Category: Reports & Conference Proceedings","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"{197}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 174.]\nSATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26. 1853\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                    Page\n\n  Mary Stuart's Chair, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A.                  197\n\n  Inedited Letter of Warren Hastings                           198\n\n  Medi\u00e6val Emblems of the Passion, by Norris Deck              199\n\n  Bookselling in Calcutta                                      199\n\n  FOLK LORE:--Subterranean Bells--Old Weather Proverb--\n    Primrosen--Harvest Home Song                               200\n\n  Inedited Poem on Chaucer                                     201\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--\"Le Balafr\u00e9\"--Macpherson's \"Ossian\"--Epitaph\n    from Tichfield--\"A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a\n    horse!\"--Weight of American Revolutionary Officers--The\n    Patronymic \"Mac\"--Erroneous Forms of Speech--Hexameters\n    from Udimore Register--Dr. Johnson--Borrowed\n    Thoughts--Suggested Reprints                               201\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Rigby Correspondence                                         203\n\n  Heraldic Queries                                             203\n\n  On a Passage in Acts xv. 23., by J. Sansom                   204\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Belatucadrus--Surname of Allan--Arms of\n    Owen Glendower--Tenent and Tenet--\"I hear a lion,\"\n    &c.--\"The Exercist Day\" at Leicester--Ecclus. xlvi.\n    20.--Etymology of Burrow--Alexander Adamson--\n    Psalmanazar--Coleridge's \"Christabel\"--Beaten to a\n    Mummy--Hanover Rats--Pallant--Curious Fact in Natural\n    Philosophy--Drying up of the Red Sea--Joan d'Arc--Diary\n    of Thomas Earl, &c.                                        205\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Game of the Whetstone--\n    Meals--Haughmond Abbey, Salop--\"As flies to wanton\n    boys\"--Quotation wanted--Thomas Stanley, Bishop of Man     208\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Old Satchels                                                 209\n\n  Statue of St. Peter                                          210\n\n  Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman                              211\n\n  Discovery of Planets, by Henry Walter                        211\n\n  Story of Genoveva                                            212\n\n  Ancient Dutch Allegorical Picture, by Dr. J. H. Todd         213\n\n  The \"Percy Anecdotes,\" by John Timbs                         214\n\n  Lady Nevill's Music-book: Mode of reading the ancient\n    Virginal Music, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault                      214\n\n  Scarfs worn by Clergymen, by Rev. John Jebb                  215\n\n  Unanswered Queries regarding Shakspeare, by J. Payne Collier 216\n\n  The Passamezzo Galliard, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault               216\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--The Albumen Process--\n    Queries on Mr. Weld Taylor's Process--Difficulties in\n    the Wax-paper Process--Mr. Archer's Services to\n    Photography--Mr. Weld Taylor's Iodizing Process--\n    Sir J. Newton's Process                                    217\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--A Race for Canterbury--\n    \"The Birch: a Poem\"--Curtseys and Bows--Deodorising\n    Peat--Jacobite Toasts--Consecrators of English\n    Bishops--Chatham's Language, &c.                           219\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Notes on Books, &c.                                          224\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 224\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    224\n\n  Advertisements                                               225\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nMARY STUART'S CHAIR.\n\nOn the south side of the chancel of Conington Church, Hunts., stands a\nhandsome, massive, and elaborately-carved oaken chair, which has been\ntraditionally known as the very seat from which the unfortunate Mary Stuart\nrose to submit her neck to the executioner. The chair was probably brought\nfrom Fotheringay, and placed in Conington Church as a sacred relic, by Sir\nRobt. Cotton, who built Conington Castle partly with the materials of\nFotheringay, and who (according to Gough, in his additions to Camden's\n_Britannia_, vol. ii., \"ICENI,\" ed. 1789) \"brought from there _the whole\nroom_ where Mary Queen of Scots was beheaded.\" By this, perhaps, is meant,\nthe deeply-recessed arcade that now forms the two _exterior_ sides of the\nground-floor of Conington Castle; which arcade, doubtless, was on the\n_interior_ walls of Fotheringay, the windows being above it: the principal\nwindow being supposed to be that which now forms the staircase window of\nthe Talbot Inn, Oundle. Modern windows have been placed within the eleven\ndivisions of the arcade at Conington Castle.\n\nIn speaking of Conington Church, Gough says (see _Additions to Camden_)\nthat \"Lord Coleraine saw a chair of an Abbot of Peterborough in this\nchurch, 1743,\" which must have been the chair now under notice. The nature\nof its decorations shows it to have been a chair used for religious\npurposes; and the six principal figures that adorn it, are made to face at\nright angles with the chair; so that when it was placed on the south side\nof the altar, the faces of the figures would be turned towards the east.\n\nA full description of the chair may not be without its interest to the\nreaders of \"N. & Q.,\" since (as far as I am aware) it has never yet\nreceived more than a passing notice from the historian; and if it indeed be\na relic of Mary Stuart--as there seems good reason to believe--it deserves\nmore attention (in these days of minute detail) than it has hitherto\nobtained.\n\nThe top of the chair is battlemented, and flanked by the two side-pieces\nwhich terminate in pediments supporting figures. Both figures are seated on\n{198} low chairs of a massive ecclesiastical character. The right-hand\nfigure (which is headless) holds an open volume, and is apparelled in\nchasuble and alb. The left-hand figure is seated on a more highly-decorated\nseat, wears a crown, and is bearded; is vested in chasuble, alb, and\ndalmatic; and, though the hands are deficient, evidently did not, like the\nother figure, bear an open volume. Both figures face to the east. The upper\npart of the back of the chair is filled in with a pointed arch, cusped, and\nhighly ornamented; the arcs being divided into smaller cusps, which\nterminate (as do the larger) with leaves and trefoils carved with great\nrichness. In the spandrels of the cusps are birds with outspread wings,\nbearing labels. Those on the left appear to be eagles; those on the right\nhave long bills, and may be intended for pelicans. The large right-hand\nspandrel of the arch contains a figure of the Virgin Mary, crowned as \"the\nQueen of Heaven,\" clad in long flowing drapery, with her hands upraised,\napparently in benediction, and her hair loose and streaming. Near to her is\nher emblem, the pot of lilies; the pot being much decorated, the lilies\nfive in number. It stands upon a label, whose folds fill up the rest of the\nspandrel. The left-hand large spandrel contains the figure of an angel\nfeathered to the elbow and knee, his wings outspread, and a label\nproceeding from one hand. The arms of the chair are divided into two parts.\nThe first part terminates in a graceful curve, supporting a figure: the\nsecond part is continued with a curve, carried on into the wings of a\nfigure kneeling upon one knee: the intervals are filled up with open Gothic\nwork. The four figures on the arms are all angels, whose wings are made to\nrest upon, or join into, the curved form of the chair-arm. They all face to\nthe east, and are clad in loose drapery; the folds of which (as in the\ncases of the other figures) are carved with great minuteness, and disposed\nwith much knowledge of artistic effect. The upper left-hand figure holds a\ntrumpet; that on the right a stringed instrument, which neither resembles\nthe Grecian, Roman, Jewish, or Egyptian lyre, but has precisely the same\nform as the modern \"banjo\" of the negroes. Of the two angels on the lower\ndivisions of the arm, the one on the right bears a legend, and the one on\nthe left appears to have done the same, but the arms have been broken off.\nThese legends may have been illuminated with texts of Scripture, &c. The\nsides of the chair are recessed, and filled in with a species of Gothic\ntracery that is apparently of later date than the rest. The front of the\nchair is panelled, and the foot is decorated with quatrefoils in high\nrelief.\n\nDuring the sleep of indifferentism which fell upon the church towards the\nclose of the past century, all interest attaching to the chair seems to\nhave been forgotten; and, after a lapse of years, it was discovered by the\nlate Mr. Heathcote, of Conington Castle, in a room of the belfry of the\nchurch, where it had been thrust aside with other things as useless lumber,\nand daubed with the whitewash and paint of the generations of workmen who\nhad cleansed their brushes on its broad surface. Mr. Heathcote, with a\npraiseworthy regard for a relic of so much interest, resolved to replace\nthe chair in the position it had formerly occupied in the chancel of the\nchurch: but before this could be done, it was necessary to repair the ill\nusage which the chair had received, and to restore it, as much as possible,\nto its original condition. It was accordingly confided to trustworthy and\nskilful hands; the old ornamental portions were replaced, and the chair was\nin every way restored strictly in accordance with its original design. It\nis now in a good state of repair, and will probably remain for many ages a\nmute memorial of that tragic scene in which it once played its part.\n\nAnd, could we imagine the Dryad that watched over its forest-birth had\nfilled its oaken frame with speech and feeling: or that a greater Power had\nput a voice into its shape, and caused the beam out of its timber to cry\nout against the cruel death-scene in the banquet-hall of Fotheringay, we\nmight almost suppose it to have denounced the English Queen in the words of\nthe Prophet Habakkuk (ii. 10, 11.):\n\n    \"Thou hast consulted shame to thy house by cutting off many people, and\n    hast sinned against thy soul. For the stone shall cry out of the wall,\n    and the beam out of the timber shall answer it.\"\n\nAnd, so long as that chair remains in the church of Conington, and the\nstones of the banquet-hall of Fotheringay form a portion of its castle, so\nlong shall that cry go up to heaven, and tell the hapless doom of Mary\nStuart!\n\nCUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nINEDITED LETTER OF WARREN HASTINGS.\n\nThe subjoined letter, believed to be unpublished, is so characteristic of\nthe energy and decision of the great governor-general of India, that I\nthink it worth recording in your publication. It appears to be written and\nsigned by him immediately after, as when it came into my possession the\nbright sand then in use was adherent more or less to the whole document.\nSir Philip Francis and the other signature are in a different ink, and were\nso awkwardly in their place, that it would indicate that those signatures\nwere previously obtained.\n\nH. W. D.\n\n\"_To Capt. Robinson, Commander of the Morning Star._\n\n(_Secret Department._)\n\n \"Sir,\n\n\"You are hereby commanded to proceed down the River with this Tide, to\nseize all the French {199} pilot vessels and pilots which you may be able\nto find, and bring them up to Calcutta.\n\n\"A pilot will be sent on board you by the Master Attendant, who will\nfurnish you with orders to him to point to you such pilot vessels as may be\nin the service of the French nation.\n\n\"In the execution of this service the utmost secrecy is to be observed.\n\n          We are, Sir,\n              Your most obedient servants,\n                      WARREN HASTINGS.\n                      P. FRANCIS.\n                      EDW. WHEELER.\n\n  Fort William, 9th July, 1778.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMEDI\u00c6VAL EMBLEMS OF THE PASSION.\n\nThe venerable Priory Church of Great Malvern contains a series of these\nemblems, among which are some I have never before met with; and as they may\nbe interesting to some of your readers, I have made a note of them. They\nhave evidently been moved from some other part of the church to their\npresent position in St. Anne's Chapel, and as a few of the more usual\nemblems are wanting, the series has probably been more complete than it is\nnow. The date of the glass is the latter half of the fifteenth century, and\nconsists of a series of demi-angels, each bearing a shield, upon which\nthese emblems are depicted.\n\nOn the first are two heads, representing Judas kissing his Master, the head\nof the Saviour being surrounded by the usual cruciform nimbus.\n\n2. The reed, here drawn as a bulrush with flag leaves, crossed by a mace.\n\n3. The lantern.\n\n4. Christ blindfolded; represented symbolically as having a thin muslin\nbandage over His eyes, which are seen through it and depicted wide open, as\nif not at all affected by it.\n\n5. Two hands issuing from the dexter side of the shield, as if in the act\nof buffeting; from the sinister side issues one hand pulling a beard or\nlock of hair.\n\n6. The spear of Longinus, with drops of blood and water trickling from it,\ncrossed by the reed and the sponge.\n\n7. The cock that warned St. Peter.\n\n8. The crown of thorns.\n\n9. The cross.\n\n10. The falchion of St. Peter crossed by another mace.\n\n11. The seamless vest.\n\n12. The hammer between _two_ nails only.\n\n13. The purse of Judas overflowing with money, represented as a merchant's\ngypciere.\n\n14. The ladder.\n\n15. Two scourges or flagelli crossing each other.\n\n16. The sacred monogram, I.H.C.\n\n17. The five wounds.\n\n18. St. Veronica, with the napkin outspread impressed with the sacred head.\n\n19. An impudent repulsive head in the act of spitting.\n\n20. The lower portion of the pillar entwined with the cord.\n\nTo this Note I wish to add a Query. Have any of your correspondents ever\nmet with, in similar representations, the instruments I have described as\nmaces in shields 2. and 10.? The first has a round termination, with three\ntriangular-shaped spikes issuing from it, one at the end, and one on each\nside of the ball; the second has a pointed oval, or egg-shaped end, and is\nquite studded with spikes, not triangular, but straight like the teeth of a\nwoolcomb; they evidently refer to the \"weapons\" mentioned in St. John\nxviii. 3., and I am not aware of the existence of any similar types. I may\nalso state that those mentioned on shields 1. 4. 5. and 19. are by no means\nusual.\n\nWhile on this subject I will add a list of the other emblems I have met\nwith not included in this series, and shall be glad to receive from any of\nyour readers any additions to it.\n\nThe ear of Malchus; the two swords which they showed the Lord when He said\n\"It is enough;\" the three dice; the pincers; the thirty pieces of silver;\nthe pitcher of water which our Saviour used when He washed His disciples'\nfeet; the towel, generally represented hanging from a ring, with which He\nwiped them; the fire at which St. Peter warmed himself, and the three\nspice-boxes for embalming. I shall also be glad to hear if the\nrepresentation of _two_ nails only instead of the usual number of _three_,\noccurs in any other instance.\n\nNORRIS DECK.\n\nGreat Malvern.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKSELLING IN CALCUTTA.\n\nLooking over your Queries this morning, my attention was drawn to that now\nin course of elucidation in your pages--the origin of the phrase \"Sending a\nman to Coventry.\" I am not about to offer any explanation thereof, but\nsimply to chronicle in your columns, more for the amusement than the\nedification of your readers, a _reminiscence_ of an eccentric application\nof a passage in Shakspeare bearing upon this popular dislike to Coventry.\n\nAny of your readers who may have visited the capital of British India will\nrecollect the native _kitaub-wallahs_, or booksellers, who drive a good\ntrade in the streets of Calcutta by thrusting their second-hand literature\ninto the _palanquins_ of the passers, and their pertinacity and success in\nfixing _master_ with a bargain. For the information of the untravelled, I\nmay further remark that these _flying bibliopoles_ draw their supplies from\n{200} the daily auctions arising out of the migratory habits or the\nmortality to which the residents in that city are subject; and it would\nsomewhat astonish our _Sothebys_ and _Putticks_ to see the extent of these\nsales of literary property, and derange their _tympanums_ to hear the\nclamorous competition among the aforesaid half-naked dealers for lots not\ncatalogued with their bibliographical precision. The books thus purchased,\nI may further observe, are subject to the overhaul of the better-informed\nof the tribe before they make their appearance in the streets; when\ndeficiencies are made good, bindings vamped, and lettering attempted:\nfinally, they are placed in the hands of the hawkers, when the following\npeculiarities are detectable:--where a title or last leaf may have been\nwanting, these _Calcutta editions_ occasionally display a _prophane_ book\nwith a _sacred_ title; or a _pious treatise_, for the sake of the word\n\"Finis,\" made complete by affixing the last leaf of _Tristram Shandy_ or\nthe _Devil on Two Sticks_! Less intelligent jobbers will open their book,\nand, finding the first word \"Preface,\" clap it incontinently in gilt\nletters on the back! I leave the imagination of the reader to fill up the\n_cross-readings_ which would likely result from such practices, and revert\nto my anecdote, which I had almost lost sight of.\n\nSome twenty years ago, then, the dingy tribes were startled, and the\nauctioneer gratified by the appearance of a new face in the _bidders'\nbox_--a brisk little European, who contested every lot, aiming, apparently,\nat a monopoly in the second-hand book trade. Shortly thereafter, this\nindividual, having located himself in a commanding position, came forth in\nthe daily papers as a candidate for public favour; and, in allusion to the\nreformation he contemplated, and his sovereign contempt for his black\nbrethren, headed his address, to the no small amusement of the lieges, in\nthe _Falstoffian_ vein:\n\n \"... No eyes hath seen such _scarecrows_.\n  I'll not march thro' Coventry with them, that's flat!\"\n\nThis joke was no doubt thrown away upon his Hindoo and Mussulman rivals,\nbut, alas for the reformer! he little knew the cold indifference of the\nAnglo-Indian about such matters, and, as might have been expected, he\nfailed in establishing himself in business, and ultimately fell a victim to\nthe climate. Of the previous history of this one, among ten thousand, who\nhave left their bones in the land of cholera, I know nothing beyond the\nfact that he was a son of Thomas Holcroft, a dramatist of repute in his\nday.\n\nJ. O.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Subterranean Bells_ (Vol. vii., p. 128.).--The tower and nave of Tunstall\nChurch, Norfolk, are in ruins; the chancel alone being used for divine\nservice. The village tradition says, that this calamity was caused by fire;\nand that the parson and churchwardens quarreled for the possession of the\nbells which were uninjured. During their altercation, the arch-fiend walked\noff with the subjects of dispute; but being pursued, and overtaken by the\nparson--who began to exorcise in Latin--he made a way through the earth to\nhis appointed dwelling-place, taking them with him. The spot where this\ntook place is now a boggy pool of water, called Hell Hole; and an adjoining\nclump of alder-trees is called Hell Carr. In summer time, a succession of\nbubbles--doubtless caused by marsh gas--keep constantly appearing on the\nsurface. Those who believe in the tradition, find in this circumstance a\nstrong confirmation. For, as it is the entrance to the bottomless pit, the\nbells must be descending still; and the bubbles would necessarily be caused\nby bells sinking in water.\n\nIn the adjoining village of Halvergate, on the largest bell, is the\nfollowing inscription:\n\n \"Sit cunctis annis,\n  Nobis _avita Joh[=s]_.\"\n\nI suppose this must be \"audita Johannes,\" but the inscription certainly is\n_avita_.\n\nOn the second bell:\n\n \"Intercede pia\n  Pro nobis Virgo Maria.\"\n\nOn the third bell, founder's name, and date 1653,--a solitary instance, I\nimagine, of an addition made to a peal of bells during the Puritan triumph\nof the Great Rebellion.\n\nE. G. R.\n\nFisherty Brow, near Kirkby Lonsdale, supplies such an instance as J. J. S.\ninquires after. There is a sort of natural hollow scooped out there, where\na church, parson, and all the people, were swallowed up ages since; and any\none who doubts it, may put his ear to the ground on a Sunday morning and\nhear the bells ring!\n\nP. P.\n\n_Old Weather Proverb._--The old monkish Latin rhyme is very plainly\nverified this year:\n\n \"Se Sol splendescat, Mari\u00e2 purificante,\n  Major erit glacies post festum, quam fuit ante.\"\n\nFebruary 2nd was a most brilliant day here, where I live, not twenty miles\nfrom London: the ground is now covered with snow, and the frost very sharp.\n\n \"After Candlemas Day the frost will be more,\n  If the sun then shines bright, than it has been before.\"\n\n \"After Candlemas Day frost will follow more keen,\n  If the sun then shines bright, than before it has been.\"\n\nC-- S. T. P.\n\nW---- Rectory, Feb. 12.\n\n{201}\n\n_Primrosen._--The early appearance of primroses this year induces me to\ntrouble you with some East-Anglian folk lore concerning them, premising\nthat here the word still forms its plural in _en_.\n\nAt Cockfield, Suffolk, there are none, nor, it is said, do they thrive when\nplanted; though they are numerous in all the surrounding villages, which do\nnot apparently differ from Cockfield in soil.\n\nThe village legend says that here, too, they once were plentiful, but when\nCockfield was depopulated by the plague, they also caught the infection and\ndied, nor have they flourished since that time.\n\nIn East Norfolk some old women are still found who believe that if a less\nnumber of primrosen than thirteen be brought into a house on the first\noccasion of bringing any in, so many eggs only will each hen or goose hatch\nthat season. When recently admitted into deacon's orders, my gravity was\nsorely tried by being called on to settle a quarrel between two old women,\narising from one of them having given one primrose to her neighbour's\nchild, for the purpose of making her hens hatch but one chicken out of each\nset of eggs. And it was seriously maintained that the charm had been\nsuccessful.\n\nSince then I have heard that it only has an influence over geese. Perhaps\nthis may account in some measure for the belief. In early seasons, persons\nare induced to carry in specimens of the first spring flowers that they\nfind. In such seasons, too, fowls lay early, and perhaps do not\nsufficiently protect their eggs. The ungenial weather which too frequently\nsucceeds spoils the eggs, and the effect is attributed to the \"primrosen\"\nof course; the cases where a few flowers are brought in, and the fowls have\nnumerous broods, remain unnoticed.\n\nE. G. R.\n\n_Harvest Home Song, sung in some Parts of Surrey._--\n\n \"We have plough'd,\n  We have sow'd,\n  We have reap'd,\n  We have mow'd;\n    Ne'er a load\n    Overthrow'd--\n      Harvest Home!\"\n\nR. W. F.\n\nBath.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nINEDITED POEM ON CHAUCER.\n\nI lately bought a black-letter Chaucer (1561), in which I find MS. notes by\ntwo or three writers. One is in rather a crabbed handwriting, and dates\nfrom 1574. I must own to being unable to decipher this gentleman's notes to\nmy satisfaction; but the writing of another is clear and distinct. There\nare a few emendations on the \"Rime of Sire Thopas,\" and the following\n\"Eulogium Chaucerj.\" I do not know whether it has appeared anywhere in\nprint before; and as my reading in the British poets is too limited for me\nto say anything about its author, I should be glad if you or any one of\nyour correspondents would inform me who the lines are by:--\n\n          _Eulogium Chaucerj._\n\n  Geffrye Chaucer, the worthiest flower\n  Of English Poetrie in all the Bower.\n  So as w^{th} hym we maye compare\n  W^{th} Italy for Poet rare.\n  Dant, nor Boccace, nor Petracqu fyne,\n  But Chaucer he w^{th} them may syng.\n  W^{th} woords so fitt and sense so deepe,\n  His matters all he can so riepe,\n  The Muses nyne, I thynck their teats\n  To his sweete lypps did sweetly reatch.\n  As Plato, in his cradle Nest,\n  Is saied of Bees to haue bene blest.\n  So as, by Nature, noe man can,\n  W^{th}out rare guyst, prove such a man.\n  The rare euents that haue bene sence,\n  O how they call for his defence!\n  Though many one hath done his parte,\n  Yett he alone had toucht the harte.\n  Sith he then is so peereles fownd,\n  For hym lett bee the Laurell crowne,\n  And all the Birds of pleasaunt laye,\n  Therein lett them both syng and playe,\n  As itt weare ioygnyng all there noats,\n  W^{th} his sweet music and records.\n  O that, as nowe he sounds w^{th} penn,\n  His lyvely voice myght sownd agayne.\n  But Natures debt we must pay all,\n  And soe he hath, and soe we shall.\n  Though for his other parts of grace\n  Chaucer will live and shewe his face.\n\nT. A. S.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n\"_Le Balafr\u00e9._\"--I was surprised to see that Miss Strickland, in the three\nvolumes published of the _Lives of the Queens of Scotland_, always ascribes\nthis well-known sobriquet to Francis, second Duke of Guise, instead of his\nson Henry, third duke. This is a mistake which I should have thought the\nmerest tyro in history could not have committed about persons of so much\nnote, and affords another instance of what Messrs. Macaulay and Alison had\nalready exemplified, that writers of the most profound research will often\nerr as to matters which lie, as it were, on the very surface.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n_Macpherson's \"Ossian.\"_--It would appear as if Macpherson had picked up\nhis information about British history in the pages of a kindred spirit,\nGeoffrey of Monmouth, for certainly he could have found in no other writer\nthat Caracalla and Carausius were cotemporaries.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n{202}\n\n_Epitaph from Tichfield._--The curious epitaph which I inclose was copied,\nas closely as possible, from a monument in Tichfield Church, Hants. You may\nperhaps think it worthy of a place in \"N. & Q.\"\n\n   \"The Hvsband, speakinge trewly of his Wife,\n    Read his losse in hir death, hir praise in life.\n\n  Heare Lucie Quinsie Bromfield buried lies,\n  With neighbours sad deepe weepinge, hartes, sighes, eyes.\n  Children eleaven, tenne livinge me she brought.\n  More kind, trewe, chaste was noane, in deed, word, thought.\n  Howse, children, state, by hir was ruld, bred, thrives.\n  One of the best of maides, of women, wives,\n  Now gone to God, her heart sent long before;\n  In fasting, prayer, faith, hope, and alms' deedes stoare.\n  If anie faulte, she loved me too much.\n  Ah, pardon that, for ther are too fewe such!\n  Then, reader, if thou not hard-hearted bee,\n  Praise God for hir, but sighe and praie for mee.\n\n    Here by hir dead, I dead desire to lie,\n    Till, rais'd to life, wee meet no more to die.\n                          1618.\"\n\nRUBI.\n\n_\"A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!\" Richard III., Act V. Sc.\n4._--In the edition of the _Walewein_ published by Professor Jonckbloet,\nLeyden, 1846, is found, vol. ii. p. 178., a remarkable parallel passage to\nthe world-famed line of Shakspeare, the verses 16007-8 of the _Lancelot_, a\nromance of the Middle Ages:\n\n   \"Addic wapine ende een pard,\n    In gaeft niet om een conincrike.\"\n\n \"Had I weapons and a horse,\n  I would not give them for a kingdom.\"\n                  _From the Navorscher._\n\nJ. M.\n\n_Weight of American Revolutionary Officers._--On the 10th of August, 1778,\nthe American officers at West Point were weighed, with the following\nresult:\n\n                            Lbs.\n  Gen. Washington           209\n  Gen. Lincoln              224\n  Gen. Knox                 280\n  Gen. Huntingdon           182\n  Gen. Greaton              166\n  Col. Swift                319\n  Col. Michael Jackson      252\n  Col. Henry Jackson        238\n  Lt.-Col. Huntingdon       212\n  Lieut.-Col. Cobb          182\n  Lt.-Col. Humphreys        221\n\nOnly three of the eleven weighed less than two hundred pounds,--a result\nwhich does not confirm the Abb\u00e9 Raynal's theory of the deterioration of\nmankind in America.\n\nUNEDA.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_The Patronymic \"Mac.\"_--The _Inverness Courier_ of 1823 gives a list of\ngenuine Celtic surnames beginning with _Mac_, amounting to no less than\n392.\n\nKIRKWALLENSIS.\n\n_Erroneous Forms of Speech._--Should you consider the following as worth a\nplace in your publication, they are at your service.\n\n1. The much used word _Te_e_total_ is wrong: it ought to be written\n_Te_a_total_. It implies the use of _tea_, instead of intoxicating liquors:\nthat was its original meaning. Let us return to the proper spelling. Better\nlate than never.\n\n2. The expression, lately become very common, \"_Up_ to the present time,\"\nand so forth, is wrong. It ought to be \"_Down_ to the present time.\" The\nstream of time, like all other streams, is always descending. In tracing a\nthing backwards, from the present time, it is quite right to use the word\n_up_.\n\n3. The words _down_ and _up_ are much misapplied by the inhabitants of the\nprovinces in another sense, not knowing, or forgetting that, _par\nexcellence_, London is considered the highest locality: _from_ every place,\nhow high soever its position, it is \"_up_ to London,\" and _to_ every such\nplace, it is \"_down_ from London.\" In London itself, St. Paul's Cathedral\nis considered as the highest or central point; and in every street\nradiating from that point, it is _up_ when going towards it, and _down_\nwhen going from it. In going from St. Paul's to the Poultry we go _down\nCheapside_.\n\n4. The inhabitants of provincial towns and cities are much in the habit of\nsaying such a person is not \"in town\" to-day. That is wrong: they ought to\nsay \"in _the_ town.\" The word _town_ is, _par excellence_, applicable to\nLondon alone.\n\nROBERT SMART.\n\nSunderland.\n\n_Hexameters from Udimore Register._--The following hexameters are copied\nfrom the fly-leaf of a register-book which dates back to 1500. They were\nwritten by a vicar in Elizabeth's reign. The burden of the lament is, that\nthe tithes, now worth about 500l. a-year, had been sold by a \"sordid\nunprophetick priest\" for 30l. per annum, and that consequently all his\nsuccessors found themselves \"vicars without tithes.\" The register-book is\nin the church of Udimore, near Rye, in Sussex:\n\n \"Udimer infelix! nimis est cui Presbyter unus;\n  Presbyter infelix! cui non satis Udimer una;\n  Impropriator habet Clero qu\u00e6 propria durus,\n  Atque alter Proprios Clerus peregrinus et hospes;\n  Ex decimis decimis fruitur vir lege sacerdos\n  Alter Evangelio reliquis prohibente potitur\n  Eheu! quam pingui macer est mihi passer in arvo\n  Idem est exitium fidei fideique ministro\n                      Ita queritur\n                          STEP. PARR, Vic.\"\n\nJ. MN.\n\n_Dr. Johnson._--The parchment containing the grant of the freedom of the\ncity of Aberdeen to the \"Literary Colossus,\" in 1773, once the property of\n{203} Mrs. Piozzi, was sold in Manchester in August, 1823, to an eminent\nbookseller in Bond Street.\n\nKIRKWALLENSIS.\n\n_Borrowed Thoughts._--We often hear the man who, from his more advanced\nposition, looks with contempt on the wisdom of past ages, likened to the\nchild mounted on his father's shoulder, and boasting that he is the taller\nof the two.\n\nThis no new idea. It is probably derived immediately from Mr. Macaulay, who\nin his _Essay on Sir James Mackintosh_ says:\n\n    \"The men to whom we owe it that we have a House of Commons are sneered\n    at because they did not suffer the debates of the House to be\n    published. The authors of the Toleration Act are treated as bigots,\n    because they did not go the whole length of Catholic Emancipation. Just\n    so we have heard a baby, mounted on the shoulders of its father, cry\n    out, '_How much taller I am than Papa!_'\"\n\nBut it may be traced farther; for hear what Butler says (_Hudibras_, ii.\n71.):\n\n \"For as our modern wits behold,\n  _Mounted a pick-back on the old_,\n  Much farther off, much further he,\n  Rais'd on his aged Beast, could see.\"\n\nERICA.\n\nWarwick.\n\n_Suggested Reprints._--Acting on the suggestion of J. M., I make a note of\nthe following:\n\n    \"Joshua Sprigge's _Anglia Rediviva_, London, 1647, gives a florid but\n    authentic and sufficient account of this new-model army in all its\n    features and operations by which England had come alive again. A little\n    sparing in dates, but correct when they are given. None of the old\n    books are better worth reprinting.\"--Carlyle's _Letters and Speeches of\n    Cromwell_.\n\nI would remark, also, that there are very few collections of maxims so good\nand profitable to the present time as Francis Quarles' _Enchiridion_,\nLondon, 1702, 12mo. A reprint would be very useful. There is an article\nthereon in the _Retrospective Review_, vol. v. p. 180.\n\nK. P. D. E.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nRIGBY CORRESPONDENCE.\n\nIn looking over old family papers, I find a bundle of letters, sixty-seven\nin number, some of them very interesting, written to my grandfather by\nRichard Rigby, commencing in the year 1758, and ending 1781. This Richard\nRigby, it appears, held the then sinecure office of Master of the Rolls in\nIreland, but resided altogether in England, and held office under several\nadministrations as Paymaster of the Forces. His letters from 1769 to 1781\nare all dated from the Pay Office. He is the Mr. Rigby whose _awkward\nintegrity_ is alluded to by Philo-Junius in his letter of 22nd June, 1769,\nand who is ironically styled \"Modest\" by Atticus in letter of 14th\nNovember, 1768. My object is to endeavour to ascertain from some of your\ncorrespondents whether there is any representative of Mr. Rigby who\npossibly might have in his possession the counterpart of the correspondence\nabove alluded to, which to Irishmen could not fail to be of interest, and\nprobably of historic value. The writer was a member of the Irish House of\nCommons, and, it appears, was in the habit of giving very graphic details\nof Irish politics in general, and of the proceedings of the House of\nCommons in particular. Under date of 8th December, 1769, Mr. Rigby thanks\nhim\n\n    \"For your constant accounts of what passes in your parliaments. If it\n    was not for the intelligence I give the ministers from you and the rest\n    of my friends, they would know no more of what is doing in the Irish\n    Parliament than in the Turkish Divan. For (neither) the Lord Lieutenant\n    nor his Secretary ever write a line to the Secretary of State.\"\n\nAgain, 2nd December, 1771:\n\n    \"I am much obliged to you for your constant intelligence, and so are\n    greater persons than myself, for I happened to be with Lord Rochford\n    to-day when his letters arrived from his Excellency, and he had sent no\n    despatches of a later date than the 26th, so that his Majesty and his\n    ministers would have known nothing of a report having been made by that\n    committee, but for my information. Lord R. sent your letters with my\n    leave to the King. They will do no discredit to the writer, especially\n    when compared to that _blotting_ paper wrote by his Excellency.\"\n\nIn another letter he talks of the reports of speeches made by his\ncorrespondent being far better than those of any _note-taker_; so that if\nthey are forthcoming, I have no doubt they would be of interest and value\nto the historian of Ireland of that time.\n\nK. K.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHERALDIC QUERIES.\n\nCan any of your correspondents furnish me with the names to the following\ncoats of arms? Some are entire, others are lost, from the glass having been\ncut to fit the divisions. These remnants form part of the chapel and hall\nwindows of the old Bishop's Palace (now the Deanery) at Worcester.\n\nI. Quarterly 1 and 4. Barry of 6, azure and or, on a chief of 1st; 3\npallets between 2 gyrons of 2nd; over all an inescutcheon erm.\n\n   Quarterly 2 and 3. Quarterly 1 and 4 a chevron between 3 roses or\ncinquefoils; 2 and 3, a chevron between 3 martlets. (Colours obliterated.)\n\nII. Sable, 3 church bells or, impaling a shield, per fess invecked (this\nlast cut off).\n\nIII. A saltire voided between 12 cross crosslets. {204}\n\nIV. Quarterly 1 and 4. Arg. a chevron between 3 foxes' heads erased gu.\n\n    Quarterly 2. Arg. on a bend sa., 3 dolphins or.\n\n    Quarterly 3. Party per pale pily sa. and arg. impaling sa., a bordure\narg.\n\n    Over all a crescent for difference, and shield surrounded with\nfollowing names, \"Edmundus Fox secundus filius Charoli Fox, 1586.\" (Query,\nWho were these people?)\n\nV. Imperial crown over poppy head. (Query, Whose emblem or badge?)\n\nVI. A bull's head sa., gutt\u00e9e, horned, and langued, or. (Query, Whose crest\nor badge?)\n\nVII. A chevron between 3 roundles, having for crest 2 lion's paws holding a\nroundle.\n\nVIII. Sa. a chevron between 3 lions' faces or, crescent for difference,\nhaving for crest a griffin.\n\nIX. Or 3 Talbot's heads proper.\n\nX. Quarterly 1. Sa. lion rampant, or.\n\n   Quarterly 2. Paly of ---- gu. and arg. (Cut off.)\n\n   Quarterly 3. Arg. a muscle ----. (Colour gone.)\n\n   Quarterly 4. (Cut off.)\n\nXI. ---- on a chevron between 3 lions' heads; 3 roses (colours gone), with\ncrest. A man's head and shoulders robed with eastern crown on head.\n\nXII. Or six fleurs-de-lis sable, 3. 2. and 1., with motto \"Argrete\nconstante.\"\n\nXIII. Arg. on a chevron sa., 3 mullets of 1st between 3 lions' heads erased\nof 2nd.\n\nXIV. Sa. a chevron arg. between 3 porpoises or, impaling lion rampant.\n(Colour gone.)\n\nXV. Quarterly sa. and arg., a cross moline quarterly, erm. and ----.\n(Colour gone.)\n\nThe names to these coats of arms might enable one to trace whence the\noriginal bits came; it might be possible that the old windows of the\ncathedral (said to have been destroyed) served for filling up the borders\nof the old palace windows.\n\nW. H. P.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON A PASSAGE IN ACTS XV. 23.\n\nDr. Burton (_Greek Test._, Oxford, 1848), in a note on the words [Greek:\nhoi presbuteroi kai hoi adelphoi] (Acts xv. 23.), says: \"Most MSS. read\n[Greek: hoi presbuteroi adelphoi].\" I should feel much obliged to any of\nyour readers who could kindly direct me to some particular manuscripts, to\nwhich Dr. Burton may possibly have alluded when he wrote the above note; or\nwho could refer me to _any Greek MSS. of authority_, in which the [Greek:\nkai] is not found. I have been enabled to consult the _Codex Laudianus_, a\nMS. of the seventh century; also the _MS. Canon_, of the early part of the\ntenth century; and the _Codex Ebner._, of the twelfth century. In neither\nof these is the [Greek: kai] missing. Nor am I aware of any Greek Bible or\nNew Testament printed without the [Greek: kai]; nor indeed of any\ntranslation without the conjunction (though there may be some such) in\nLatin, or in any other language, with the single exception of the Vulgate\nafter St. Jerome, and its several versions. The Bibles of Sixtus V. and\nClement VIII., agreeing in this particular, read alike, \"Apostoli et\nseniores fratres.\" On the other hand, Vutablus, in his new translation,\nreads, \"Apostoli et presbyteri _et_ fratres;\" which is likewise the reading\nof the _interp. Syriac._, as given in the _Biblia Regia_; also of Beza, as\ngiven in the edition of the Bible, _Oliva Roberti Stephani_, 1556; whilst\nin the _Novum Testamentum e Gr\u00e6co archetypo Latino sermone redditum,\nTheodoro Beza interprete_, ed. Hanov. 1623, the reading is, \"Apostoli, et\nseniores, et fratres;\" which is also the reading in _Bibl. Sacr. ex\nSebastiani Castellionis interpretatione_, ed. Francofurti, 1697. To which\nmay be added the _Biblia Gallica_, 1580; the _Bibl. Belg._, ed. Leyd\u00e6,\n1737; and Luther's German Bible,--all which retain the _and_.\n\nI have also consulted a more important version, namely, the ancient Italic,\nwhich also reads, \"Apostoli, et seniores, _et_ fratres;\" but which (in Pet.\nSabatier's edition, Par. 1751) has appended to the verse the following\nnote:\n\n    \"V. 23.--_MS. Cantabr._ Scripserunt epistolam per manus suas\n    continentem h\u00e6c, Apostoli, et presbyteri fratres, hiis qui sunt per\n    Antiochiam, et Syriam, et Ciliciam, qui sunt ex gentibus fratribus,\n    salutem.--_Gr\u00e6c. textui Laud._ consonat [versio _Italica_], nisi qu\u00f2d\n    habet [Greek: kata t\u00ean Antiocheian, kai Surian, kai Kilikian], pro\n    Antiochi\u00e6, et Syri\u00e6, et Cilici\u00e6. _MSS. quidam_, pro [Greek: cheiros]\n    manum, legunt [Greek: cheir\u00f4n], cum Vulg.; _aliique plures tollunt_\n    [Greek: kai] _post seniores_. Iren\u00e6us, l. iii. c. 12. p. 199. a. legit:\n    Apostoli, et presbyteri fratres, his qui sunt in Antiochia, et Syria,\n    et Cilicia, fratribus ex gentibus salutem. S. Pacian., _Par\u00e6n. ad\n    Poenit._, p. 315. h.: Apostoli, et presbyteri fratres, his qui sunt\n    Antiochi\u00e6, et Syri\u00e6, et Cilici\u00e6, fratribus qui sunt ex gentibus\n    salutem. Vigil. Taps. l. xii. _De Trin._, p. 329. c.: Apostoli, et\n    presb. fratres, iis, qui Antiochi\u00e6, et Syr., et Cilic. fratribus qui\n    sunt ex gentibus salutem.\"\n\nThis note certainly goes far to corroborate (if indeed it was not the chief\nauthority for) Dr. Burton's assertion; but it does little to satisfy my\ncuriosity on a point, which I conceive to be of considerable interest, and\nof no slight importance, at the present time. The Cambridge MS. appears to\nbe in Latin only; as is also the passage referred to in Iren\u00e6us, whose\noriginal Greek is lost. So that, after all, there is some ground to suspect\nthat there in fact exists _no Greek manuscript whatsoever_ without the\n[Greek: kai].\n\nI will add another note, which I find at the passage in Iren\u00e6us (_Contr.\nH\u00e6r._, lib. iii. cap. 14. p. 199., ed. Par. 1710):\n\n    \"Sic cum Iren\u00e6o habent codd. Cantabrig. et Alexand. et Vulgatus\n    interpres. _At in editis Gr\u00e6cis_: [Greek: presbuteroi kai hoi\n    adelphoi].\"\n\nJ. SANSOM.\n\nOxford.\n\n{205}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Belatucadrus._--In the _Poetical History_, by the French Jesuit, P.\nGaltruchius, 5th edition, 1683, the sixteenth and closing chapter of the\nfirst book of this history of the heathen gods is devoted to those\nworshipped in England, and the last of whom mention is made is\nBelatucadrus, being introduced and summarily disposed of as follows:\n\n    \"In time the idols did increase, and we find in ancient writers, some\n    who have been transported hither by the eastern people, as the God\n    (Abellio vocabatur in Gallia) Belenus, or Belatucadrus. The latter, to\n    my knowledge, hath been adored in the north part of England; for\n    lately, since the learned Camden hath mentioned him, there was a piece\n    of his statue found in Westmoreland, near Brougham, a castle belonging\n    to that bountiful and venerable lady, Anne Dorset, countess dowager of\n    Pembrook and Montgomery, &c.; and in the bottom this inscription is to\n    be seen: 'Sancto Deo Belatvcadro,' which idol was doubtless made by the\n    Romans, for it was their custom to adore the gods of the country which\n    they did conquer.\"\n\nMy object is to ascertain, if possible, if this portion of statue has been\npreserved? Has any subsequent discovery been made in the same locality\nrespecting, or any additional light thrown upon, the one of which mention\nis herein made?\n\nKAPPA.\n\n_Surname of Allan._--Perhaps MR. LOWER, or some other etymological reader\nof \"N. & Q.,\" may kindly assist me in my endeavours to find out the correct\nmeaning and origin of this surname, variously spelt _Allen_, _Allan_,\n_Allin_, _Alleyne_, &c.? My theory on the subject, from various researches,\nis that it is a word of Celtic or Gaelic etymon, _Aluinn_, in that\nlanguage, signifying \"delightful or pleasant.\" And again, several\nislet-rocks romantically situated in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, are\ncalled to this day _Allans_. I should much like, however, to have the\nopinions of older and more experienced etymologists than I can pretend to\nbe; for few subjects present so interesting a field for different theories\nas that regarding the origin of family names does. As I am naturally\ninterested in my own surname, I should also like to obtain a sketch of the\ndifferent British families of note bearing the surname and arms of _Allen_\nor _Allan_, and references to those works which give their history and\nlineage.\n\nA. S. A.\n\nWuzzeerabad.\n\n_Arms of Owen Glendower._--Could any of your correspondents inform me of\nthe blazoning of the arms of Owen Glendower, which, according to the copy\nof his private seal, furnished by Meyrick to the editor of the _Poems of\nLewis Glyn Cottie_, are, Quarterly, four lions rampant; supporters, a\ndragon (gules?) and a lion?\n\nB. B. WOODWARD.\n\n_Tenent and Tenet._--When did the use of tene_n_t (for opinion, dogma, &c.)\ngive place to tenet? Surely both forms should be retained, and used\naccording to circumstances. It is correct to speak of a tenet of John\n_Wesley_. When attributing the same doctrine to _Wesleyans_, it becomes\ntheir tene_n_t.\n\nY. B. N. J.\n\n_\"I hear a lion,\" &c._--Can any of your correspondents favour me with the\norigin of the following _jeu d'esprit_, reputed to have been addressed to\nthe Speaker in the House of Commons?--\n\n \"I hear a lion in the lobby roar!\n  Say, Mr. Speaker, shall we shut the door\n  And keep him _out_?\n  Or shall we let him _in_,\n  And see if we can get him _out_ again?\"\n\nTo ascertain by whom, and upon what occasion, the above lines were uttered,\nwould considerably gratify\n\nSAGITTA.\n\n_\"The Exercist Day\" at Leicester._--In the Chamberlain's accounts for this\nborough for the year 1604-5, I find the following entry:\n\n \"_Item._ The vj^{th} of Novemb^r [1604], _being the\n  exercist daye_, given to the preacher and mynist^{rs}\n  at the exercistz, one pottell of clarett               s.     d.\n  wyne and one quarte of sacke                           ij    iiij\n\nThere are also charges \"for wyne drunk at the _exercist dinners_, on the\nviij^{th} of Jan^y, the fyfthe of Marche, and the ix^{th} of April,\" 1605.\nWere these meetings held for the purpose of _exorcising_ the evil spirits\nand witches, the belief in which had at that time greatly increased in\nEngland, through the recent accession of \"the modern Solomon\" to the\nthrone? and, if so, was the practice a general one, or were they merely for\nreligious _exercises_?\n\nA few years afterwards nine unfortunate women were tried at our assizes for\nwitchcraft, and were convicted and executed!\n\nLEICESTRIENSIS.\n\n_Ecclus._ xlvi. 20.--Why does the Church order this verse to be omitted in\nthe reading of the lessons? Is it because the passage assumes the fact that\nSamuel himself appeared to Saul--a statement open to discussion?\n\nBOEOTICUS.\n\nEdgmond, Salop.\n\n_Etymology of Burrow._--In the north of Gloucestershire I have met with the\nword _burrow_ (I do not answer for the orthography), meaning sheltered,\nsecure from wind, &c. The side of a thick coppice was spoken of as \"a very\n_burrow_ place for cattle.\" Can any of your correspondents give the\netymology of the word, or other instances of its use?\n\nBALLIOLENSIS.\n\n_Alexander Adamson._--I should be glad to know who Alexander Adamson was\n(the tutor who accompanied Wm. and Patrick Ruthven, the son of {206} the\nEarl of Gowrie, in their flight into England in August 1600), and what\nbecame of him? There was a Wm. Ruthven, of Scotland, married at Chitterton,\nNorthumberland, to Esther, daughter of Robert Adamson, vicar of that parish\nin 1681. Was he any relation to the Gowrie family?\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_Psalmanazar._--The great literary abilities of Psalmanazar, and indeed all\nthe known circumstances of his life and history, excite some curiosity as\nto his real name. Can any of your readers inform me of this?\n\nST. JOHNS.\n\n_Coleridge's Christabel._--In the original edition of this poem, the\nfollowing lines are to be found at the beginning of Part II.:\n\n \"Let it rain, however fast,\n  Rest from rain will come at last;\n  And the blaze that strongest flashes,\n  Links at last, and ends in ashes!\n  But sorrow from the human heart,\n  And mists of care, will they depart?\"\n\nNow these lines, and a great many more which I cannot remember, as I have\nnot the original edition, are to be found in an old volume of _Blackwood's\nMagazine_, in a review upon the poem. The poem, as published in the edition\nof Coleridge's _Poems_ edited by D. and S. Coleridge (Moxon, 1852), does\nnot contain these lines, and no notice is taken of the fact by the editors.\nEither Coleridge did or did not cancel the lines mentioned; if he did, can\nany of your readers inform me in which of his works this fact is mentioned?\nIf he did not, then one of the most beautiful poems in the English language\nhas been edited in a manner that no one, I trust, will imitate.\n\nS. Y.\n\n_Beaten to a Mummy._--Whence comes this expression? It is used to signify,\nbeaten so that form and feature are no longer distinguishable; whereas the\nimmediate object of a mummy seems to be the preservation of the form and\nfeatures of the deceased. Is not the phrase a corruption of beaten to a\nmammock, to a piece, to a scrap, to a fragment? And yet, in Marryatt's\n_Pottery_ (Murray, 1850, p. 250.) is the following passage:\n\n    \"Diodorus Siculus (Book V. ch. i.), in speaking of the usages of the\n    inhabitants of the Balearic Isles, states that these people were in the\n    habit of beating with clubs the bodies of the dead, which, thus\n    rendered flexible, were deposited in vessels of earthenware.\"\n\nThe Gloucestershire peasants frequently use the word mammock, which they\npronounce \"mommock.\"\n\nROBERT SNOW.\n\n6. Chesterfield Street, May Fair.\n\n_Hanover Rats._--It is said that the native rat was extirpated from this\ncountry by the invading colonists from Hanover. What are the facts of this\ncase, and where may the best account of this extermination of the natives\nbe found? It is worth inquiring also, whether the aboriginal rat is now to\nbe met with in any part of Great Britain. I should think that rat-catchers\nand farming folks could throw light on this interesting point of the\nBritish fauna.\n\nSHIRLEY HIBBERD.\n\n_Pallant._--In the town of Chichester there are four streets, north, south,\neast, and west, to which the name of \"Pallant\" is attached.\n\nThis particular spot, which is close to the High Street, is always called\nThe Pallant.\n\nCan any of your readers inform me of the origin and meaning of this word?\n\nI have never met with any inhabitant of Chichester who could solve this\ndifficulty.\n\nA CANTAB.\n\n_Curious Fact in Natural Philosophy._--The _Exeter Alfred_ of 1828 has in\none of its numbers the following:\n\n    \"Cut a couple of cards each into a circle of about two inches in\n    diameter; perforate one of these at the centre, and fix it on the top\n    of a tube, say a common quill. Make the other card ever so little\n    concave, and place it over the first, the orifice of the tube being\n    that directly under, and almost in contact with the concave card. Try\n    to blow off the upper card, you will find it impossible. We understand\n    that the cause that counteracts the effect at first expected of this\n    singular phenomenon, has lately puzzled all the members of the Royal\n    Society. A medal and a hundred guineas are said to be the reward of the\n    successful discoverer.\n\nCould any of the correspondents of \"N. & Q.\" give any additional\ninformation on this rather curious point?\n\nELGINENSIS.\n\n_Drying up of the Red Sea._--Will some of your correspondents kindly assist\nme, by a reference to a passage in one of our modern historians, alluding\nto the extraordinary drying up of the Red Sea on one occasion? I thought I\nhad read it in Rollin, as a quotation from Baronius, but cannot now find it\nin either one or the other.\n\nW. STILLMAN.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_Joan d'Arc._--Did Joan d'Arc (the Maid of Orleans) bear any heraldic\ninsignia; and if so, what?\n\nIs the family from which she sprung now represented; and if they bear arms,\nwhat are they?\n\nIs there any family of this name (D'Arc), and if so, where? And what are\nthe arms belonging to it, if there are any?\n\nBEND.\n\n_Diary of Thomas Earl._--Strype (_Annals_, vols. i. & ii.) sometimes refers\nto a MS. No. 206. in the collection of Moore, Bishop of Ely, which he\ndescribes as a Diary (vol. i. pp. 135. 180.) kept {207} by Thomas Earl, who\nwas made parson of St. Mildred's, Bread Street, at the beginning of Queen\nElizabeth's reign, and \"seems to have been a diligent noter of matters of\nremark concerning religion in his time\" (vol. ii. p. 539.). In the _Catal.\nLibr. MSS. Angl._, part ii. p. 366., it is described--\n\n    \"Short notes of matters relating to the church by way of annals,\n    written by some that favoured Puritanism, from the year 1548 to 1599.\"\n\nBishop Moore left his library to the University of Cambridge. Is this MS.\nin their possession, and is it a piece of historic value?\n\nQ. Q.\n\n\"_Jenny's Bawbee._\"--I would be glad if any of the readers of \"N. & Q.\"\nwould inform me where the old Scottish song, \"Jenny's Bawbee,\" is to be\nfound? It begins,\n\n \"Your plack and my plack,\n    And Jenny's bawbee,\n  We'll put it i' the pint stoup,\n    An' birl't a' three.\"\n\nJ. MN.\n\n_Lord North._--In Forster's _Life of Goldsmith_, the following remark\noccurs respecting Lord North, George III.'s premier:\n\n    \"North was the son of the princess dowager's intimate friend Lord\n    Guildford, and scandal had not hesitated to find a reason for the\n    extraordinary resemblance he presented to the king in his clumsy\n    figure, homely face, thick lips, light complexion and hair, bushy\n    eyebrows, and protruding large grey eyes.\"\n\nWill some one of your readers favour me with an explanation of the meaning\nof this insinuation? Is it really intended to say that \"scandal\" reported\nLord North to be the son of an illustrious lady of the royal family? It is\nclear Lord North strikingly resembled George III.; did the latter \"favour\"\nhis father or his mother in physiognomy? Did George III. represent the\nGuelphs or the Saxe-Gotha family?\n\nOBSERVER.\n\n_Ephippiarius._--What is the meaning of the word \"Ephippiarius,\" occurring\nas the description of a person in a Latin diploma of the seventeenth\ncentury? Does it signify saddler, or, as has been suggested to me, esquire?\n\nV.\n\n_Nixon._--Can any of your readers inform me if there was a painter of this\nname living at Brighton in or about the year 1806, what pictures he\npainted, &c., and when he died?\n\nJOHN GARLAND.\n\nDorchester.\n\n_Tuebeuf._--Where is it? A royal charter to the town of Doncaster, given by\nthe hand of Master Eustacius, Dean of Salisbury, Deputy-Chancellor, and\nwitnessed by an Archbishop of Canterbury and others, is dated at Tuebeuf,\n22nd May, 5 Richard I. (1194). In Miller's _History of Doncaster_\n(Appendix, Deed No. 1.), the name is printed \"Tuke or Toke,\" but on a\nreference to the original document it appears as above.\n\nJ. E. J.\n\n_Tooth of Sir I. Newton._--\n\n    \"A tooth of Sir Isaac Newton was sold in 1815 for 730l.: a nobleman\n    bought it, and had it set in a ring.\"\n\nThe above has gone the round of the papers without comment, contradiction,\nor illustration. Lest it should become matter of history, I wish to ask\nwhether it is a new story or an old one; and whether it is a simple lie, or\nhas any foundation in fact?\n\nH. B. C.\n\nU. U. C.\n\n_Thomas Ceeley._--Who was Thomas Ceeley, who defended Lyme Regis so\ngallantly with the famous Blake, the former being governor? His exploits\nhave been recorded in the _History of Lyme Regis_, &c. Probably we must\nlook to Plymouth for his residence.\n\nMr. Christopher Ceeley was with Sir Francis Drake in his third voyage into\nthe West Indies in 1572-3. The \"Elizabeth Drake,\" of sixty tons and thirty\nmen, under Sir Francis Drake, when acting against the Armada, was commanded\nby _Thomas Sealye_, another way of spelling Ceeley. There were Ceeleys,\nSealeys, &c., in Devonshire and Somersetshire.\n\nG. R. L.\n\n_Marigmerii--Melinglerii--Berefellarii._--In Pirri's _Sicilia Sacra_\n(Gr\u00e6vius, _Antiqu. Sicil._, ii. 425.) four officers of the inferior clergy,\ncalled _marigmerii_, are enumerated among the members of the cathedral of\nMontereale: and, in the same work (iii. 921.), two officers in the\ncathedral of Cifalu called _melinglerii_. Can either or both of these words\nbe misprints, or corruptions of some word answering to the French\n_marguillier_, which in parish churches means a churchwarden, in collegiate\nchurches a keeper of the relics? And what is the derivation of\n_marguillier_?\n\nIn Dugd. _Monast._, edit. 1830, vi. 1308., seven of the inferior clergy of\nthe collegiate church of Beverley are called by what is said to be an\nancient name, _Berefellarii_. What does this word mean? Can it be a\nblunder, in the original document, for _beneficiatii_?\n\nJOHN JEBB.\n\nPeterstow Rectory, Ross.\n\n\"_Jud\u00e6us odor._\"--\n\n \"Abluitur Jud\u00e6us odor baptismate divo,\n  Et nova progenies reddita surgit aquis.\"\n\nI have seen the above lines attributed to Vigilantius, but have not been\nable to verify the quotation. Can any of your readers tell me where they\nare to be found? I suspect they are not of so great antiquity, as Sir\nThomas Browne (_Vulgar Errors_, book iv. chap. 10.), though he investigates\n{208} and denies the \"Jud\u00e6us odor,\" does not notice the opinion that it is\nremoved by baptism.\n\nH.\n\n_Lord Lyon King-at-Arms, Scotland._--Where is there an account of the\norigin of this office, and of the different possessors of it? Scotland does\nnot, I believe, possess any corresponding work to Noble's _History of the\nCollege of Arms_, and I know of no history which contains the above-desired\ninformation collectively. To trace the succession of the Lord Lyon\nKings-at-Arms would be interesting, as many celebrated, and even\nillustrious, individuals held that high office in Scotland. Poets as well\nas warriors might be mentioned amongst the number.\n\nA. S. A.\n\nWuzzeerabad.\n\n_Louisa Lady Gordon of Gordonstoun, N. B._--This lady, who was the only\nchild of Dr. John Gordon, Dean of Salisbury in England, and Lord of\nGlenluce in Scotland, married, 1653, Sir Robert Gordon, son of the Earl of\nSutherland (better known as the historian of that earldom), who was created\na baronet in 1625, and died in 1656. Their lineal male descendants became\nextinct in 1795, in the person of their great-great-grandson, Sir William,\nthe sixth baronet. What I desire to ascertain is, who was Lady Gordon's\nfather, this dean of Salisbury; his marriage, death, &c., and more\nespecially how he was _Lord of Glenluce_? Perhaps some of your antiquarian\nsubscribers may be able to assist me in these inquiries.\n\nA. S. A.\n\nWuzzeerabad.\n\n_Contested Elections._--What book gives an accurate account of all the\ncontested elections since the Restoration, and prior to the Reform Bill? I\nhave one or two wretched compilations; but it seems no Dod existed before\nthe _flood_.\n\nX. Y. Z.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Game of the Whetstone._--In Lambarde's _Perambulation of Kent_ (page 110.,\ned. 1596), the author, remarking on Ealred's assertion that King Edward the\nConfessor saw at mass the seven sleepers at Ephesus turn on one side after\nhaving slept seventy years together on the other, says:\n\n    \"Which seeing it was within five years of so many as Epimenides slept,\n    Ealred (in my phansie) is worthie to have the second game at the\n    whetstone.\"\n\nIn the margin the note to this is--\n\n    \"i Loue Lye or game for the whetstone.\"\n\nHalliwell, in his _Dictionary_, says that in old authors frequent allusions\noccur to the custom of decorating notorious liars with whetstones; but I\nwould thank any of your readers for a fuller account of \"y^e game for y^e\nwhetstone.\" What is known of Lambarde, or Lambert, as Gervase Markham calls\nhim? Was his _Topographicall Dictionarie_ (mentioned, as prepared for the\npress, in the _Perambulation_) ever published, and what other works by him\nexist?\n\nE. G. R.\n\n    [The extracts from our early writers given by Brand and Nares furnish\n    some clue to the origin and character of the game of the whetstone;\n    when the social and convivial combatants sharpened their wits to see\n    who could gain the satirical prize of the silver whetstone by telling\n    the greatest lie. In Lupton's _Too Good to be True_, p. 80., is the\n    following passage, somewhat illustrative of the game:\n\n    \"_Siuqila._ Merry and pleasant lyes we take rather for a sport than a\n    sin. Lying with us is so loved and allowed, that there are many tymes\n    _gamings_ and _prises_ therefore purposely, to encourage one to outlye\n    another.\n\n    \"_Omen._ And what shall he gaine that gets the victorie in lying?\n\n    \"_Siuqila._ He shall have _a silver whetstone_ for his labour.\"\n\n    WILLIAM LAMBARDE was born October 18, 1536. He was the eldest son of\n    John Lambarde, alderman of London. In 1570 he resided at West Combe,\n    near Blackheath, a manor he then possessed. He purposed publishing a\n    general account of Great Britain, of which his _Perambulation of Kent_\n    was but the specimen; and he was only deterred by learning that Camden\n    was engaged on a similar task. His materials were published from the\n    original manuscript in 1730, under the title of _Dictionarium Angli\u00e6\n    Topographicum et Historicum_, to which is prefixed a portrait of the\n    author, engraved by Vertue. His first work was _Archaionomia, sive de\n    priscis Anglorum legibus libri_, 1568, 4to. He also wrote _Eirenarcha_;\n    or, the Office of the Justices of the Peace, and Duties of Constables:\n    _Archeion_, a Discourse upon the High Courts of Justice. In 1600 he was\n    appointed by Queen Elizabeth Keeper of the Records in the Tower; and in\n    the following year he presented her Majesty with an account of them,\n    under the title _Pandecta Rotulorum_. He died at his residence at West\n    Combe, August 19, 1601, and was buried in the Church of St. Alphege,\n    Greenwich, where a monument was erected to his memory. In after days\n    this mortuary memorial was removed to the Church of Sevenoaks, in which\n    parish the family now possesses a seat. Lambarde was the first\n    Churchman after the Reformation who founded a hospital. It was called\n    \"The College of the Poor of Queen Elizabeth at Greenwich, Kent,\" and\n    was opened in 1576.]\n\n_Meals._--On the N.W. coast of Norfolk are certain sandbanks so called.\nBrancaster Meals, Blakeney Meals, and Wells Meals are among those most\ndreaded by the mariner.\n\nIn Bailey's _Dictionary_ occurs,\n\n    \"_Meales, Malls._ The shelves or banks of sand on the sea-coasts of\n    Norway.\"\n\nCan Norway be a misprint for Norfolk? It occurs Norway in ten or twelve\neditions of Bailey which I have examined. I can find no mention of \"meals\"\nor \"malls\" in any map of Norway, {209} except the whirlpool, the Maelstr\u00f6m,\nbe connected with it. In Norfolk _ea_, _ee_ are frequently changed for\n_oa_, _oo_. Thus \"sheaf\" and \"reek\" are in Norfolk \"shoaf\" and \"roke;\" and\n\"smeath,\" a table land, is evidently from \"smooth.\"\n\nCan this change of vowels have taken place in this word, and \"meals\"\nsignify \"moles,\" from the shelf of sand projecting like a mole? or can any\ncorrespondent suggest a better etymology?\n\nE. G. R.\n\n    [The quotation given above is omitted in the folio edition of Bailey,\n    1736; but is correctly given in Phillips's _New World of\n    Words_:--\"MEALES, or MALES, the shelves or banks of sand on the\n    sea-coasts of _Norfolk_: whence Ingom-meals, the name of a sandy shore\n    in Lincolnshire.\" The word _Meales_, or _Malls_, is however obviously\n    connected with the Icelandic _M\u00f6l_, which Helmboe, in his\n    recently-published work, _Det Norske Sprogs_, &c., defines \"coarse\n    sand; a sandy or stony place.\"]\n\n_Haughmond Abbey, Salop._--I should feel obliged for any particulars of the\nhistory, or a reference to any work that contains a full account, of these\nfine ruins. Hulbert does not give by any means a detailed notice in his\n_History of Salop_.\n\nSALOPIAN.\n\n    [Some account of this abbey, with two engraved views of it, will be\n    found in the _Beauties of England and Wales_, vol. xiii. part i. pp.\n    179-82. Consult also Dugdale's _Monasticon_, vol. vi. p. 107.]\n\n\"_As flies to wanton boys._\"--Can you inform me from what writer is the\nfollowing quotation (in Mary Wolstoncraft's _Travels in Sweden_)?--\n\n \"As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods;\n  They kill us for their sport.\"\n\nJ. P.\n\n    [Shakspeare's _King Lear_, Act IV. Sc. 1.]\n\n_Quotation wanted._--Who is the author of the following lines?--\n\n \"Three poets in three distant ages born,\n  Greece, Italy, and England did adorn:\n  The first in loftiness of thought surpassed,\n  The next in majesty; in both the last.\n  The force of Nature could no further go;\n  To make a third, she joined the former two.\"\n\nOf course it is obvious who were the three poets, the greatest the world\nhas produced.\n\nA. S. A.\n\nWuzzeerabad.\n\n    [These lines are by Dryden, and are frequently prefixed to _Paradise\n    Lost_. They are little more than a translation of a distich by\n    Salvaggi:--\n\n     \"Gr\u00e6cia M\u00e6onidem, jactet sibi Roma Maronem:\n        Anglia Miltonum jactat utrique parem.\"]\n\n_Thomas Stanley, Bishop of Man._--I feel much obliged by your prompt answer\nto the Query about this prelate (Vol. vi., p. 130.); but some additional\ninformation appears necessary. If Bishop Stanley was appointed to this see\nin 1542, who was the possessor of it subsequently to the death of _Bishop\nHuan Hesketh_, or _Blackleach_, in 1510, a period of thirty-two years?\nBishop Stanley's consecration does not appear in Cranmer's _Register_,\nwhich throws some doubt on the year 1542 as having been that of his\nappointment to the episcopate.\n\nA. S. A.\n\n    [Huan Hesketh, or Blackleach, was consecrated in 1487, and died in\n    1510. The see was vacant twenty years. The next bishop was William\n    Stanley, who was consecrated March 4, 1530.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nOLD SATCHELS.\n\n(Vol. vi., pp. 10. 160.)\n\nYour correspondent SIGMA having called attention in your pages to that\nrespectable character Old Satchels, I should be sorry to see him dismissed\nwith the dry bibliographical Note of T. G. S. If any proof were wanting of\nCaptain Walter Scot's claim to more respectable notice, we have it in the\nfact of his book having reached a third edition: and, with your permission,\nI will take the liberty of supplying a few \"jottings,\" furnished and\nsuggested on turning over the reprint of 1776.\n\nThe whole title, or titles, of this curious production runs thus:\n\n    \"A true History of several Honorable Families of the right honorable\n    Name of Scot in the Shires of Roxburgh and Selkirk, and others\n    adjacent. Gathered out of ancient Chronicles, Histories, and Traditions\n    of our Fathers, by Captain Walter Scot,\n\n      An old Soldier and no scholler,\n      And one that can write nane,\n      But just the letters of his name.\n\n    4to., pp. 60. End of First Part. Edinburgh: Printed by the Heirs of\n    And. Anderson, printer to his most sacred Majesty's City and College,\n    1688, and reprinted by Balfour and Smellie, 1776.\"\n\n    \"Satchel's Post'ral, humbly presented to his noble and worthy Friends\n    of the Names of Scot and Elliot, and others. Part II., 4to., pp. 97.\n    Edinburgh as above, 1688 and 1776.\"\n\nLockhart, in his _Life of Scott_, has told us with what enthusiasm Sir\nWalter welcomed a copy of the first edition of this \"True History,\"\nprocured for him by Constable; and its rarity is accounted for by the\nauthor himself, when he says,--\n\n \"Therefore begone, my book, stretch forth thy wings and fly\n  Amongst the nobles and gentility:\n  Thou'rt not to sell to scavingers and clowns,\n  But giv'n to worthy persons of renown.\n  _The number's few I've printed_ in regard\n  My charges have been great, and I hope reward;\n  _I caus'd not print many above twelve score,_\n  _And the printers are engag'd that they shall print no\n      more_.\"--_Post'ral_, p. 97.\n\n{210}\n\nSIGMA inquires why \"this ancestor of Sir Walter's was called Old Satchels?\"\nHear the poet himself upon this point:\n\n \"Since the water of Ail Scots they are all chang'd and gone,\n  Except brave Whitslade and Hardin;\n  And Satchels his estate is gone,\n  Except his poor designation;\n  Which never no man shall possess,\n  Except a Scot designed Satchels.\"--_Post'ral_, p. 97.\n\nAs a further sample of this old soldier's poetry, take his dedication \"To\nthe truely Worthy, Honorable, and Right Worshipful Sir Francis Scot of\nThirlston, Knight Baronet, wishes Earth's honor and Heaven's happiness:\"\n\n \"This book, good Sir, the issue of my brain,\n  Though far unworthy of your worthy view,\n  In hope ye gently will it intertain,\n  Yet I in duty offer it to you;\n  Although the method and the phrase be plain,\n  Not art, like writ, as to the style is due,\n  And truth, I know, your favor will obtain:\n  The many favors I have had from you\n  Hath forc'd me thus to show my thankful mind;\n  And of all faults I know no vice so bad\n  And hateful as ungratefully inclined.\n  A thankful heart is all a poor man's wealth,\n  Which, with this book, I give your worthy self.\n  I humbly crave your worthiness excuse\n  This boldness of my poor unlearned muse,\n  That hath presumed so high a pitch to fly\n  In praise of virtue and gentility.\n  I know this task's most fit for learned men,\n  For Homer, Ovid, or for Virgil's pen;\n  These lines I have presum'd to dite;\n  It's known to your Honor I could never write.\n\n \"Your Honor's most obed. servant,\n \"WALTER SCOT of Satchels.\"\n\nSatchels' chronicle deals largely in warlike matters. The Captain, indeed,\nseems to have a contempt for all not of his own honorable profession;\nconsequently the book is full of the deeds, both foreign and domestic, of\nthe \"Bold Buccleugh,\" and the clans Scott and Elliott. Instigated, no\ndoubt, by the example of John Barbour and Henry the Minstrel, the author\naimed at doing for the Scotts what his prototypes so worthily achieved,\nrespectively, for Robert Bruce and William Wallace.\n\nAs mentioned by T. G. S., there was another reprint of this curious book,\nthat of Hawick, by Caw, 1784. I know not to whom we owe either. Looking,\nhowever, to the names of the printers and period of publication, I should\nsay that the earliest of these _may_ have been one of the publications of\nthat friend to the literature of his country, Sir David Dalrymple; and as\nwe know that Sir Walter Scott made his first appearance as a poet in the\n_Poetical Museum_, printed at Hawick, by Caw, in 1786, may he not, with his\nstrong and early predilection for the honour of the clan Scott, and his\nspecial affection for this \"True History\" of his namesake, have prompted\nthe worthy Mr. Caw to the enterprise? Any edition of the book is of rare\noccurrence; and it has often surprised me that Captain Walter Scot should\nhave been overlooked, when the Bannatyne, Maitland, and Abbotsford Clubs\nwere so nobly employed in resuscitating the old literature of Scotland.\n\nJ. O.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSTATUE OF ST. PETER.\n\n(Vol. vi., p. 604.; Vol. vii., pp. 96. 143.)\n\nB. H. C. asks for the authority on which is based the statement, that this\nstatue was undoubtedly cast for a St. Peter, and cast in the time of St.\nLeo the Great (440-461). As the subject involves three questions, I will\nanswer each separately.\n\n1. Was this statue cast for a St. Peter, or is it an ancient statue that\nhad been found in the Tiber; or the ancient statue of Jupiter Capitolinus?\nThat it must have been cast for a St. Peter will be readily allowed, after\na careful examination, by any one at all accustomed to compare Pagan and\nChristian statues. The left hand holding the keys and the right hand raised\nin benediction, are unmistakeable evidences of the personage represented.\n\n2. What authority is there for believing it to have been cast in the\npontificate of St. Leo? The authority is, first, a constant and very\nancient tradition to that effect; secondly, a tradition that this same\nstatue belonged to the ancient church of St. Peter's; and, thirdly, the\nalmost unanimous belief in this tradition amongst the antiquaries and\narch\u00e6ologists--local and at a distance, deceased and living.\n\nThis tradition is mentioned by most writers on the Basilica of St. Peter's:\n\n    \"A destra evoi, in somma venerazione tenata, una statua in bronzo dell'\n    apostolo S. Pietro, _simulacro formato, secondo la pia tradizione, a\n    tempi di S. Leone I._ detto il grande,\" &c.--_Melchiorri_, p. 181., ed.\n    1840.\n\n    \"On the right hand is a statue, held in very great veneration, of\n    bronze, of the Apostle St. Peter: a figure cast, according to the pious\n    tradition, in the time of St. Leo I., named the Great.\"\n\nTradition also asserts, that the statue belonged to the old church of St.\nPeter's:\n\n    \"The seated bronze statue of St. Peter, _which belonged to the ancient\n    church_, is said to have been cast in the time of Leo the\n    Great.\"--_Rome, Ancient and Modern_, by J. Donovan, D.D., vol. i. p.\n    314.\n\nThere may now be seen, in what was part of old St. Peter's, and is now\ncalled the \"Grotte Vecchie,\" where the old flooring still remains--the old\nbase of the bronze figure of St. Peter. It is {211} kept in the aisle to\nthe left, as you enter the Grotte Vecchie; and was the pedestal of the\nstatue till it was removed from the crypt by Paul V., as Melchiorri informs\nus. The old base was left _in situ_, and a new one made, which is the chair\nof white marble, with the whole surface wrought in arabesque bas-relief,\nupon a pedestal of light coloured alabaster, with a central tablet of\ngranite, called \"granito verde.\"\n\n3. Was this statue cast from the metal of the Capitoline Jove? Melchiorri\nalmost favours the opinion that it was; but the evidence of Martial,\nalready quoted, seems fatal to this supposition. It occurs to me that the\nidea of this statue being a Jupiter converted, either by melting down or\npartial alteration, may have arisen from confounding this statue with\nanother statue of St. Peter, now kept in the crypt of the church under the\ndome, and in the chapel of the Madonna della Bocciata or del Portico. This\nis also a seated statue of St. Peter, and stood in the atrium of the\nancient basilica. _It seems to have been a Pagan figure converted_:--\n\n    \"There is reason to believe that this statue of St. Peter had been\n    originally erected to some Gentile; and that the head, arms, and hands\n    were changed in order to metamorphose it into a St. Peter. In the old\n    church it was usual to vest it pontifically on the feast of St. Peter,\n    as is now the case with the bronze statue above. The Isaurian\n    iconoclast threatened St. Gregory II. with the demolition of this\n    statue: but the impotent menace cost him the duchy of Rome, and placed\n    the temporal power in the hands of the Popes.\"--_Rome, Ancient and\n    Modern_, vol. i. p. 574.\n\nPossibly enough, the fact of this figure of St. Peter having been\nconverted, may have led to the idea that it was the other and better known\nstatue. It may be well to add, that in St. Peter's there are _forty metal\nstatues_, in addition to one hundred and five in marble, one hundred and\nsixty-one in travertine, and ninety in stucco.\n\nCEYREP.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLORD CLARENDON AND THE TUBWOMAN.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 133.)\n\nThe newspaper paragraph in question is quoted, in a MS. note in my\npossession, from the _Salisbury Journal_ of August 29, 1828. From what\nsource it was derived does not appear: the whole story is, however,\nfabulous. Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon, was twice married. His\nfirst wife was the daughter of Sir George Ayliffe, of Foxley, in the county\nof Wilts. He married her in 1628, when he was only twenty years old, and\nshe died of the small-pox six months afterwards, before any child was born.\nIn 1632 he married Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas and Lady Ailesbury, by\nwhom he had four sons and two daughters. Anne, the eldest daughter, became,\nas is well known, the wife of the Duke of York, and the mother of Queen\nMary and Queen Anne. Sir Thomas Ailesbury, the father of Lord Clarendon's\nsecond wife, was a person of some distinction, both social and\nintellectual; of his wife, Lady Ailesbury, Pepys mentions in his _Diary_,\nNovember 13, 1661, that the Duke of York is in mourning for his wife's\ngrandmother, \"which (he however adds) is thought a piece of fondness.\" In\nthe collection of pictures at the Grove, the seat of the present Earl of\nClarendon, there are portraits by Vandyke of Sir Thomas and Lady Ailesbury,\nand also a portrait, by an unknown artist, of Frances, the second wife of\nthe Lord Chancellor Clarendon. (See Lady Theresa Lewis's _Lives of the\nFriends of Lord Chancellor Clarendon_, vol. iii. pp. 355, 356. 361.)\n\nMr. Hyde's two marriages are fully described by himself in his _Life_, vol.\ni. pp. 12. 15, ed. 8vo. 1761.\n\nThe story of the tubwoman, the grandmother of queens, seems to have been a\nlegend invented for the purpose of exhibiting a contrast between the\nexalted rank of the descendants and the plebeian origin of the ancestor.\nHistorical fiction and popular fancy delight in such contrasts. The story\nof _date obolum Belisario_, and Pope's account of the death of the second\nDuke of Buckingham, are more celebrated, but not more veracious, than the\nstory of the marriage of Lord Chancellor Clarendon with the tubwoman.\n\nL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDISCOVERY OF PLANETS.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 84.)\n\nLEONORA says, \"supposing that the recently-discovered planets obey the same\nlaws as the larger ones, they must be at all times apparently moving within\nthe zodiac;\" and she asks for an explanation of the fact of their not\nhaving been discovered before.\n\nAncient astronomers having observed that the moon, and the planets visible\nto them, were never seen at more than a small angular distance north or\nsouth from the plane of the earth's orbit, they drew two circles parallel\nto the ecliptic, at the distance which experience had shown them to be\nsufficient for comprehending the apparent places of those heavenly bodies\nat all times; and to the intervening space they gave the name of _zodiac_.\nBut there is no law of matter, or, in other words, it is no necessary\nconsequence of gravitation or planetary action, which confines the planets'\norbits within the zodiac. The fact can only be ascribed to the will of Him\nwho first projected them into their intended paths; though that will had\ndoubtless some wise and calculated end in view.\n\nIt was further observed, in the last century, that the increasing distance\nof each successive planet {212} from the sun would follow an uniform rule,\nif there were not one wanting between Mars and Jupiter, to fill up the\nseries. This put astronomers upon the search, and led to the discovery, in\n1801, of four small planets, all at nearly the requisite distance, but\nmoving in paths inclined to the ecliptic at such large angles as carry them\nbeyond the zodiac, though they necessarily move across it. From hence it\nwas inferred that they were portions of a planet originally harmonising, in\nsize, position, and orbitual path, with the rest of our system, but burst\ninto fragments by an internal explosion, at some time prior to man's\nrecorded observations of the heavenly bodies. This supposition gains\nstrength from the continued discovery of more and still smaller fragments,\neach still moving as a planet at nearly the same distance from the sun; and\neach seeming to proclaim that there was a world, probably larger than our\nearth, amongst whose inhabitants sin entered, as amongst us; but for whom\nmercy was not in like manner procured.\n\nAs to the discoverer of a previously unknown planet, your inquirer should\nbe told, that more is necessary than its merely coming within the field of\nan observer's telescope, even if it attracts his notice. Some years before\n1781, the year in which Herschel discovered the planet which should\nperpetuate his name, Lalande had noted down an observation of a star, of a\ncertain magnitude, in a position where afterwards no such star could be\nfound, but where calculations since made, from the known orbit of that\nplanet, prove that it must then have been. By failing to continue his\nobservation of it, till it should have changed its place amongst the fixed\nstars, Lalande lost the discovery. And though Herschel's much more powerful\ntelescope enabled him to perceive, on a first inspection, that it had a\ndefined disc, more observations were required to enable him to say that it\ncould not be a comet shorn of his beams: whilst, as to the last discovered\nplanets, I think we have been told that their apparent size is but that of\na star of the ninth order, in decreasing magnitude; and no part of the\nheavens has been so accurately mapped as to give an observer reason to\nconclude, from catching sight of one of these planetary fragments, that he\nhas detected an obscure wanderer not usually seen in that locality. But if\nits appearance leads his practised eye to suspect that it shines with but\nborrowed light, and that induces him to continue his nightly watch, he\nreceives his reward, if it be so, and announces the existence of another\nplanet.\n\nHENRY WALTER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSTORY OF GENOVEVA.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 133.)\n\nThe story of Genoveva is a popular German legend, and is given in No. 8 of\nthe _Volksb\u00fccher_, published at Leipzig, 1838.\n\nGenoveva was a daughter of the Duke of Brabant, and wife of Count\nSiegfried, of Treves. When Charles Martel was attacked by the Saracens,\nSiegfried went to his assistance, leaving his wife to the care of his\nsteward Golo. Golo fell in love with Genoveva, and being rejected, resolved\nto destroy her. To do so, he got up a charge against her of incontinency\nwith the cook, and put both in confinement. On Siegfried's return, Golo\nconvinced him, by the help of a witch and false witnesses, that his wife\nwas guilty, and that the child to which she had given birth in prison was\nborn eleven months after her husband's departure. Siegfried ordered Golo to\nbring the criminals to justice. He, fearing exposure, had the cook poisoned\nin gaol, and commissioned two of his servants to take the countess and her\nboy into a wood and kill them; but, moved by her tears, they left the\nintended victims, and deceived their master. Genoveva took shelter in a\ncavern, and lived upon roots; but her milk failing, the child was about to\ndie. She prayed fervently, and a beautiful doe, tame as a domestic cow,\ncame and suckled the child, and returned daily for that purpose for seven\nyears. The passage illustrated in SILURIAN'S picture is as follows:\n\n    \"Als die weinende Mutter dies gefleht hatte, sihe, da kam eine\n    Hirschkuh zu ihr, welche sich als ein zahmes Vieh anstellte, und\n    freundlich um sie herstrich; gleichsam, als wollte sie sagen: Gott habe\n    sie dahin gesendet, dass sie das Kindlein ern\u00e4hren sollte. Die betr\u00fcbte\n    Mutter erstaunte, und erkannte alsbald die Vorsehung Gottes, legte das\n    Kind an die Zitzen des Wildes, und liess es so lange saugen, bis es\n    wieder Kraft bekam. Durch diese himmlische Wohlthat wurde die liebe\n    Genoveva so sehr erfreut, dass sie mit vielen s\u00fcssen Thr\u00e4nen den\n    g\u00fctigen Gott Dank sagte, und ihn dem\u00fcthig um Fortsetzung solcher\n    gn\u00e4digen Hilfe anflehte.\"--P. 24.\n\nThe story ends happily. Siegfried discovers that his wife is innocent,\ntakes her back, and punishes Golo: but for these matters I refer those who\nare curious to the book, which is well worth reading. Genoveva died April\n2, 750, and the doe pined to death at her grave.\n\nH. B. C.\n\nU. U. Club.\n\nSILURIAN will find a very beautiful illustration of his engraving by\nFelsing, after Steinbr\u00fcck, in the little poem entitled _Genoveva_,\npublished by Moxon.\n\nV.\n\n_Genoveva of Brabant_, a tale of old times, translated from the German of\nChristopher Schmid, published by Burns or Masters, price 2s. 6d.\nillustrated, will give SILURIAN the information required; as also will\n_Genoveva_, a poem by the Rev. R. C. Trench, London, 1842, Moxon.\n\n+\n\nOakhurst.\n\n{213}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nANCIENT DUTCH ALLEGORICAL PICTURE.\n\n(Vol. vi., pp. 457. 590.; Vol. vii., pp. 46. 97.)\n\nMy Query respecting this picture has been answered in the _Navorscher_ by a\nlearned gentleman who writes under the signature of CONSTANTER, in that\npublication. The editor of the _Navorscher_ has communicated to me the name\nof this gentleman, and also the following translation of his remarks on my\nQuery, and has also kindly permitted me to make what use of the latter I\nthink fit. I therefore transmit them to you, that you may, if you think the\nsubject of sufficient interest, insert them in your pages.\n\nJAS. H. TODD.\n\nTrinity College, Dublin.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDid not the whole arrangement of the picture give me reason to suppose that\nit must be a kind of symbolical point (figuurl\u00ffk punt), such as the\nRhetoricians were wont to show during their solemn processions--the\ncharacter also of the additional verses, and especially the description of\nthe paintings against the wall of the room, which is represented on the\npiece, would corroborate this meaning. These pictures, with the arms\nmentioned as making part of them, point directly at _Haarlem_ as the town\nwhence the painting must have had its origin; for who is not acquainted,\nalbeit only through the title of the _Opregte Haarlemsche Courant_[1],\nwith, \"the sword proper, on a red field, between four stars, surmounted by\na cross, or?\"\n\nNow, in the seventeenth century there existed at Haarlem _three_ Societies\nof Rhetoricians. One, the Oude Kamer[2], erected in 1503, had chosen for\nits motto, _Trou moet bl\u00ffcken_; and for its symbol, the _pelican_ or\n_speelkoornen_; whilst her shield was emblazoned as follows,--in the middle\nour Saviour crucified, and, behind the cross, \u00c6neas bearing his father. To\nthis _Kamer_ the painting alludes, of which Dr. James H. Todd says, \"That\nnearest the fire-place is oval, representing the crucifixion. There is a\nwhite scroll across the picture, containing words which I cannot make out.\"\nHad the sentence not been obliterated, the querist would have read, _Trou\nmoet bl\u00ffcken_. The second allegory, with illegible subscription, cannot be\nanything but the ensign of the so-called _Jonge Kamer_ at Haarlem, _de\nW\u00ffngaertrancken_, with the symbol, _Liefde boven al_ (Love above all). I\npresume this on account of the framework of the painting, ornamented on\neach side with bunches of red grapes (vine-branches) dependent from below.\nThese bunches have been figured in the identical way on a scutcheon of the\nsame _Kamer_, which is still preserved in the council-hall of _Beverw\u00ffk_:\nthere also we see, to the right, a female statue representing _Faith_; and,\non the upper part, in the middle, another with a burning heart in her hand,\nand two (not three) children at her side, representing _Charity_, who thus\nhas been placed _above all_ the rest, conformably to the motto of the\nSociety. But, in lieu of the third child, stands immediately under her on\nthe Beverw\u00ffk blazon another woman, _Rhetorica_; and to the left, instead of\nthe man with the hawk (?), another female representing _Hope_, and\ncompleting, in this manner, the Christian trilogy (1 Cor. xiii. 13.).\nBesides, in the middle compartment, not John Baptist but our Lord is seen,\nstanding as victor over Hell, in which Satan is conspicuous. However,\nnotwithstanding these deviations, I think the resemblance too striking not\nto consider the painting on the wall as the ensign of the _Jonge Kamer_.\nThe third or last picture, representing the _marriage of Christ with the\nChurch_, is the well-known blazon of the third _Reder\u00ffkerkamer_ at Haarlem,\nsurnamed _de Flaamsche_ (the Flemish), which bore the _Witte Angieren_\n(white _stock-flowers_, not lilies), with the motto, _In liefd getrouw_.\nThis shield too is still preserved in the town-hall at Beverw\u00ffk.\n\nThus, the three Haarlem Societies of Rhetoricians are represented by their\nshields in the room designed; nay, if I am not mistaken, the painter has\ngiven us a delineation of their meeting-place. This appears: 1. By the\nstatue in the niche, _Rhetorica_. 2. By the two cup-boards, one of which\ncontains the prizes, carried by the _Kamers_ at various entries and\nprocessions; to wit, silver and gold cups, flagons, and dishes: whilst in\nthe other, its books are deposited. 3. By the table under the window, well\nto be distinguished from that around which the guests are seated, and used\nby the Rhetoricians as a movable stage, on which to rehearse their plays\n(whence Willems and Mone derive the name of _tafelspel_ [table-play]). 5.\nBy the broad roller under the pictures, that occupies the space, where\notherwise was commonly hung the _Keur_ (statutes) of the _Kamer_. This last\ninscription, connected with what is to be read over the fire-place, fully\nexplains the meaning of the whole picture. The lines censure the disputes\nregarding the dogmata of religion, because every body thinks _his_\nconviction the best one; many controversies being carried on \"Wanneer het\nvolck is vol\" (whilst people are full), by incompetent and illiberal\ncritics, and these contentions alienating their hearts from _Charity_, the\nchief commandment of Christ. In a word, the painting is the faithful\nrepresentation of what the Haarlem Rhetorician, Dirk Volkerts Coornhert,\nprofessed {214} and advocated in his writings. Still the piece belongs to a\nlater period, perhaps between the years 1618 and 1630, when the disputes\nwith Remonstrants, Socinians, and _Kooledsjanten_ (_Collegianten_,\ncollegians, sectarians of the van der Kodde's) had reached their highest\npoint. It is known that the Rhetoricians frequently meddled with these\ncontending parties, to the great displeasure of the Synods, which more than\nonce contrived to elicit severe measures from the magistrates against them.\nHow far the Haarlem Societies made themselves justly liable to such\ninterferences, I have not been able to discover; but it might be\nascertained by means of one or other of their works published about that\ntime, as, _Der Wit-Angieren Eerenkrans: ghesproten nyt de Flaemsche Natie,\nter eeren der Slaghet van Reder\u00ffcke tot Haerlem_, 1630, 4to, or the\n_Refereinen en Liedekens van't Hemelert_, 1648.\n\nThe verses, excepting the last but one, which is sorely maimed, are easily\nto be explained. Whether the figures be portraits, I cannot decide without\nocular inspection of the painting.\n\nCONSTANTER.\n\nAmsterdam.\n\n[Footnote 1: The first number of the still existing _Sincere Haarlem\nCourant_ (I give you a literal translation of the title) must have appeared\nbefore May 19, 1665, on which day its _nineteenth_ number was printed. See\nthe _Navorscher_, vol. ii. pp. 29. 96. 126.--J. H. V. L.]\n\n[Footnote 2: See Ampzing, _Kronyk von Haarlem_, p. 398.; and A. van den\nWilligen's monograph in Witsen Geysbeek's _Apollineum_, vol. iii. p.\n59.--CONSTANTER.]\n\nThis reply was written before the publication of your last notices (\"N. &\nQ.,\" Vol. vii., pp. 46. and 97.). The verses you mentioned in the\nlast-named part are, in English, \"Here one must guess To wash glasses And\nto p--s in them Would not be fit.\" I entirely agree with the poet.\n\nCould you not acquaint me with the length, breadth, and height of the\npicture, and with the painter's name?\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE \"PERCY ANECDOTES.\"\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 134.)\n\nI have much pleasure in replying to the inquiries of UNEDA. The _Percy\nAnecdotes_, published in forty-four parts, in as many months, commencing in\n1820, were compiled by \"Sholto and Reuben Percy, Brothers of the\nBenedictine Monastery of Mont Benger.\" So said the title-pages, but the\nnames and the locality were _suppos\u00e9_. Reuben Percy was Mr. Thomas Byerley,\nwho died in 1824: he was the brother of Sir John Byerley, and the first\neditor of the _Mirror_, commenced by John Limbird in 1822. Sholto Percy was\nMr. Joseph Clinton Robertson, who died in 1852: he was the projector of the\n_Mechanics' Magazine_, which he edited from its commencement to his death.\nThe name of the collection of Anecdotes was not taken from the popularity\nof the _Percy Reliques_, but from the Percy Coffee-house in Rathbone Place,\nwhere Byerley and Robertson were accustomed to meet to talk over their\njoint work. The idea was, however, claimed by my clever master and friend,\nSir Richard Phillips, who stoutly maintained that it originated in a\nsuggestion made by him to Dr. Tilloch and Mr. Mayne, to cut the anecdotes\nfrom the many years' files of the _Star_ newspaper, of which Dr. Tilloch\nwas then editor, and Mr. Byerley assistant editor; and to the latter\noverhearing the suggestion, Sir Richard contested, might the _Percy\nAnecdotes_ be traced. I have not the means of ascertaining whether Sir\nRichard's claim is correct; and I should be equally sorry to reflect upon\nhis statement as upon that of Mr. Byerley, my predecessor in the editorship\nof the _Mirror_. The _Percy Anecdotes_ were among the best compilations of\ntheir day: their publisher, Mr. Thomas Boys, of Ludgate Hill, realised a\nlarge sum by the work; and no inconsiderable portion of their success must\nbe referred to Mr. Boys's excellent taste in their production: the portrait\nillustrations, mostly engraved by Fry, were admirable.\n\nJOHN TIMBS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLADY NEVILL'S MUSIC-BOOK: MODE OF READING THE ANCIENT VIRGINAL MUSIC.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 59.)\n\nThe index to _Lady Nevill's Music-book_, printed by your correspondent L.\nB. L., was made known to the public in 1789, in the third volume of Dr.\nBurney's _History of Music_. In addition to the information given in \"N. &\nQ.,\" the doctor adds:\n\n    \"Besides the great number of Bird's compositions for keyed instruments,\n    which are preserved in the _Virginal book_ of Queen Elizabeth (now in\n    the Fitzwilliam Museum), another manuscript collection of his pieces\n    still subsists, under the title of _Lady Nevil's Music-book_. It is a\n    thick quarto, very splendidly bound and gilt, with the family arms\n    beautifully emblazoned and illuminated on the first page, and the\n    initials H. N. at the lowest left-hand corner.\"--P. 91.\n\nThe MS. in question was the property of Dr. Burney, at whose sale, in 1814,\nit was purchased for 10l. 10s. by Mr. Thomas Jones, of Nottingham Place. At\nthe sale of the latter, about ten years afterwards, it was bought by\nTriphook, the bookseller, and by him sold to Lord Abergavenny. I remember\nseeing the book when in Triphook's possession, since which time I had lost\nsight of it, until the notice by L. B. L. in your pages.\n\nMr. Thomas Jones was a well-known musical antiquary, and possessed many\nrare treasures in this department. One of the most important was the\n_original_ MS. of _Lady Nevill's Music-book_, in the handwriting of William\nByrd the composer. This valuable relic is now in my library.\n\nJohn Baldwine, the person who made the splendid copy for the use of Lady\nNevill, was a singular character. I have some materials for his biography\nwhich may one day see the light. He was a poet in his own time, and wrote a\nmetrical {215} account of famous musicians. The latter part, which I\nextract from the MS. now before me, relates to the composer of _Lady\nNevill's Music-book_:\n\n \"An Englishe man, by name _William Birde_, for his skill,\n  Which I shoulde have sett first, for so it was my will,\n  Whose greate skill and knowledge dothe excell all at this tyme,\n  And far to strange countries abroade his skill doth shyne.\n  Famous men be abroade, and skilful in the arte,\n  I do confesse the same, and will not from it starte,\n  But in Europp is none like to our English man,\n  Which doth so farre exceede, as trulie I it scan,\n  As ye cannot finde out his equale in all thinges,\n  Threwghe out the worlde so wide, and so his fame now ringes.\n  With fingers and with penne he hathe not now his peere;\n  For in this worlde so wide is none can him come neere:\n  The rarest man he is in Musick's worthy arte\n  That now on earthe doth live, I speak it from my harte,\n  Or heere to fore hath been, or after him shall come,\n  None such I feare shall rise that may be calde his sonne.\n  O famous man! of skill and judgemente great profounde,\n  Let heaven and earthe ringe out thy worthye praise to sounde;\n  Nay, lett thy skill it selfe thy worthye fame recorde\n  To all posteritie thy due desert afforde;\n  And let them all which heere of thy greate skill then saie,\n  Fare well, fare well, thou prince of musicke, now and aye;\n  Fare well, I say, fare well, fare well, and here I ende,\n  Fare well, melodious _birde_; fare well, sweet musick's frende.\n  All these things do I speak not for rewarde or bribe,\n  Nor yet to flatter him, or sett him upp in pride;\n  Not for affection, or ought might move there too,\n  But even the truth reporte, and that make known to you.\n  So heere I end: fare well, committinge all to God,\n  Who kepe us in his grace, and shilde us from his rodd.\"\n\nAs regards the ancient notation of _Lady Nevill's Music-book_, I will now\nsay a few words.\n\nIn the most ancient music for keyed instruments, such as the organ,\nvirginals, harpsichord, spinet, &c., a staff consisting of _eleven_ lines\nwas used, that is, five lines for the treble, and five lines for the bass,\nand a _centre_ line, being the note C. This was improved upon by dividing\nthe staff into two sixes, and repeating the C line twice over, viz. in the\n_lower_ part of the treble staff, and in _upper_ part of the bass staff. As\nmusic progressed, and performers required more scope for the movement of\nthe hands, the staff of twelve lines was rent asunder, and the middle C\nline excluded altogether. It then became the custom to print the five upper\nlines and the five lower lines much more widely apart, as is now done in\nmodern music. But it ought not to be forgotten that there is only one line\nreally between them; that is to say, there are only three notes between the\ntwo sets of five lines, viz. the note _below_ the upper five, the note\n_above_ the lower five, and the note on that middle line, and that note is\nmiddle C, or, more properly, _tenor_ C. A knowledge of this important fact\nwould much facilitate the student in learning to read in the tenor cleff.\n\nIn decyphering the old _virginal_ music, all we have to do is to leave out\nthe _lower_ line of the upper staff, and the _higher_ one of the lower\nstaff. It then reads like our modern music.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSCARFS WORN BY CLERGYMEN.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 143.)\n\nThe statement made in the _Quarterly Review_ for June, 1851, p. 222.,\nreferred to in \"N. & Q.,\" is very inadequate. The scarf now worn by many\nclergymen represents two ornaments very different, though now generally\nconfounded, viz. the broad and the narrow scarf. I can well remember, in my\nboyhood, hearing mention made of the distinction between the _broad_ and\n_narrow_ scarf, then customarily observed by many; and this at a time when\nthe _res vestiaria_, and matters connected with the ritual, had not become\nobjects of public attention. The broad scarf was the distinction (of what\nstanding I cannot pretend to say) used by chaplains of the king, and of\nprivileged persons, by doctors in divinity, and by the capitular members of\ncollegiate churches. It was worn with the surplice and gown; and, by\ndoctors in divinity only, with the scarlet academical robe. The narrow\nscarf has been immemorially used by clergymen, whether priests or deacons,\nin many large towns, and by the clergy in some cathedrals, and not\nunfrequently by country clergymen. By custom, those who serve, or have\nserved, the office of junior dean in Trinity College, Dublin, wear a scarf.\nIn fact, it represents the stole, or that ornament (under whatever various\nnames it was known) which, all through Christendom, had been a badge of the\nthree orders of bishop, priest, and deacon. In the Church of England,\nhowever, none of those variations in its mode of arrangement, which\nelsewhere discriminates these three orders, have been retained. Is there\nany proof that it has not been used ever since the Reformation? And may not\nits very frequent disuse within memory {216} be attributable to that\nwell-known slovenliness in ritual matters which was but too characteristic\nof the last century?\n\nJOHN JEBB.\n\nPeterstow Rectory, Ross.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nUNANSWERED QUERIES REGARDING SHAKSPEARE.\n\nDomestic anxieties having unavoidably detained me in this place during the\nlast three or four months, I am necessarily without nearly all my books. My\ncorrected folio, 1632, is one of the very few exceptions; and as I have not\nthe No. of \"N. & Q.\" to which A. E. B. refers, I am unable to reply to his\nquestion, simply because I do not remember it.\n\nTo whomsoever these initials belong, he is a man of so much acuteness and\nlearning, that, although I may deem his conjectures rather subtle and\ningenious than solid and expedient, I consider him entitled to all the\ninformation in my power. I do not, of course, feel bound to notice all\nanonymous speculators (literary or pecuniary); but if A. E. B. will be good\nenough to take the trouble to repeat his interrogatory, I promise him to\nanswer it at once.\n\nMy recent volume was put together with some rapidity, and under many\ndisadvantages: not a few of the later sheets were corrected, and several of\nthem written, two hundred miles from home. Such was the case with the note\non the suggestion I hastily attributed to MR. CORNISH, on the faith of his\nletter in \"N. & Q.\" I did not advert to the circumstance that Warburton had\nproposed the same emendation; and it may turn out that a few other notes by\nme are in the same predicament. The authority I usually consulted as to the\nconjectures of previous editors was the _Variorum Shakspeare_, in\ntwenty-one volumes 8vo.\n\nI need hardly add that I was acquainted with the fact that MR. SINGER had\npublished an edition of Shakspeare; but, like some others, it was not\nbefore me when I wrote my recent volume, nor when I printed the eight\nvolumes to which that is a supplement. Even the British Museum does not\ncontain all the impressions of the works of our great dramatist; but I\nresorted, more or less, to twenty or thirty of them in the progress of my\nundertaking.\n\nMR. SINGER'S edition, no doubt, deserves more than the praise he has given\nto it: on the other hand, I am thoroughly sensible of the imperfectness of\nmy own labours, however anxious I was to avoid mistakes; and when I prepare\na new impression, I will not fail duly to acknowledge the obligations of\nShakspeare to MR. SINGER. One of my notes on a celebrated passage in _Timon\nof Athens_ will have shown that there was no reluctance on my part to give\nMR. SINGER full credit for a very happy emendation.\n\nI hope and believe that he does not participate in the anger some have\nexpressed, because I have been merely the medium of making known other\nemendations at least equally felicitous.\n\nJ. PAYNE COLLIER.\n\nTorquay.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE PASSAMEZZO GALLIARD.\n\n(Vol. vi., p. 311.)\n\nThe passage quoted by _Mr. Forbes_ from Richard Ligon's _History of\nBarbadoes_, in illustration of a scene in the 2nd Part of _King Henry IV._,\nwas pointed out by Sir John Hawkins in his _History of Music_ (Vol. iii. p.\n383., note).\n\nFor \"passame sares galiard,\" as it stands in Ligon, we should read\n\"passamezzo galliard.\" Sir John Hawkins derives _passamezzo_ from _passer_,\nto walk, and _mezzo_, the middle or half. The term is variously corrupted\nby the English poets and dramatists,--_passy-measure_, _passa-measure_,\n_passing-measure_, &c. Douce, in his valuable _Illustrations of Shakspeare_\n(edit. 1839, p. 72.), has the following passage on the subject:\n\n    \"Florio, in his _Italian Dictionary_, 1598, has _passamezzo_, a\n    _passameasure_ in dancing, a cinque pace; and although the English word\n    is corrupt, the other contributes a part, at least, of the figure of\n    this dance, which is said to have consisted in making several steps\n    round the ball-room, and then _crossing it in the middle_. Brant\u00f4me\n    calls it 'le _pazzameno_ d'Italie,' and it appears to have been more\n    particularly used by the Venetians. It was much in vogue with us during\n    Shakspeare's time, as well as the _pavan_; and both were imported\n    either from France, Spain, or Italy. In a book of instructions for the\n    lute, translated from the French by J. Alford, 1568, 4to., there are\n    two _passameze_ tunes printed in letters according to the lute\n    notation.\"\n\nThe _passamezzo_ was sometimes sung as well as danced. Morley, in his\n_Introduction to Practicall Musicke_, 1597, has an interesting passage\nbearing on the point, which has been overlooked by modern writers:\n\n    \"There is likewise a kind of songs (which I had almost forgotten)\n    called _Justinianas_, and are all written in the _Bergamasca_ language.\n    A wanton and rude kinde of musicke it is, and like enough to carrie the\n    name of some notable curtisan of the citie of _Bergama_; for no man\n    will deny that _Justiniana_ is the name of a woman. There be also manie\n    other kinds of songs which the Italians make; as _pastorellas_ and\n    _passamesos_, with a dittie, and such like, which it would be both\n    tedious and superfluous to dilate unto you in words; therefore I will\n    leave to speak any more of them, and begin to declare unto you those\n    kinds which they make without ditties.\"\n\nMR. FORBES asks, \"Is the tune of the _galliard_ known?\" I know at least a\nhundred different galliard tunes. They are distinguished by appellations\nwhich seem to indicate their being the {217} favourites of particular\npersons, as in these instances:--\"The King of Denmark's Galliard,\" \"The\nEarl of Essex's Galliard,\" \"Sir John Souch his Galliard,\" \"Sir Henry Noell\nhis Galliard,\" &c.--See Douland's _Lachrym\u00e6, or Seaven Tears_, 1603.\n\nThe _galliard_ is a lively air in triple time: Brossard intimates that it\nis the same with the _Romanesca_, a favourite dance with the Italians. It\nis graphically described in Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_:\n\n    \"Let them take their pleasures, young men and maides flourishing in\n    their age, fair and lovely to behold, well attired, and of comely\n    carriage, dauncing a _Greek galliarde_, and, as their dance required,\n    kept their time, now turning, now tracing, now apart, now altogether,\n    now a curtesie, then a caper, &c., that it was a pleasant sight.\"\n\nChristopher Sympson, in his _Compendium of Practical Musick_ (ed. 1678, p.\n116.), says:\n\n    \"A _pavan_ doth commonly consist of three strains, each strain to be\n    play'd twice over.... Next in course after a _pavan_ follows a\n    _galliard_, consisting sometimes of two, and sometimes of three\n    strains.\"\n\nSpecimens of the _passamezzo pavan_ and _galliard_ may be found in Queen\nElizabeth's _Virginal Book_, in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. One is\ndated 1592. Others may be found in the Public Library, Cambridge (MS.\nmarked \"D. d. 3, 18.\") Also in two rare printed books,--Robinson's _School\nof Musick_, fol. 1603; and _Neder-landtsche Gedenck-clanck_, Haerlem, 1626.\nThe latter work contains the \"Passamezzo d'Anvers.\"\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.\n\n_The Albumen Process._--In answer to MR. LAWRENCE'S Queries regarding the\nalbumen process (in Vol. vii., p. 116.), I think I can supply him with the\ninformation he requires.\n\nThe albumen should be placed in a cup, or some wide-mouthed vessel, and,\nafter carefully removing from its surface every trace of air-bubbles, it is\nto be poured carefully on the plate, and after being flooded over the\nsurface of it, the plate being tilted on one side, the greater portion of\nthe albumen may be run off into the cup again. The plate must not be held\nsideways, however, for more than an instant; and it must be brought as soon\nas possible into the _horizontal_ position, _face downwards_, between the\npoints of the wire support, as used by Messrs. Ross and Thompson; and being\nheld by the cord attached to the wire support, it must be given a slow\nrotary motion. The rate at which to cause it to rotate must be a matter of\nexperience, but must be such as to keep the surface of albumen even, and\nneither to let it settle in the centre, nor to leave that and pass\ncompletely to the edges; neither must too much of it be allowed to flow\noff, as then the coating will not be thick enough. The best plan is to fix\non the wire support at the corner of the plate, and then pour on the\nalbumen, and then no time need be lost between pouring off and giving the\nrotary motion. The albumen will keep some time in a bottle; but as soon as\nit begins to get curdy and opalescent, it begins to lose in sensitiveness.\nThe plate, if well prepared, will remain sensitive and in good order for\ntwo days at least, and being kept in a dry and cool place is a great\nassistance to its preservation. The addition of about five drops of\nsaturated solution of bromide of potassium to every ounce of\npreviously-iodized albumen causes great depth and brilliancy in the\nnegative. The same sensitive bath answers over and over again, as with\ncollodion. The time of exposure cannot be specified, as that varies almost\nindefinitely from ten minutes to an hour and a half.\n\nIn regard to obtaining a greater sensitiveness, the addition of starch size\nin the place of the water to the albumen appears to increase it, and\ncertainly gives great improvement in depth of the blacks. A very good way\nof beating up the albumen is as follows:--Take a round stick, and having\ncut several slits in it, from the bottom half-way up it, insert into these\nseveral pieces of quill, so that they may project on each side of the stick\nto the length of about half an inch or a little more, and tie up the bottom\nof the stick with some string wound round it to keep the quills in place.\nTake then the albumen, iodized as directed by Thornthwaite or any other\nsuccessful manipulator, and place it in a tall cylindrical glass vessel;\nand taking the whisk as above prepared between the palms of the hands, roll\nit backwards and forwards, keeping the part armed with the quills immersed\nin the albumen. This is the most effective method I know, and much less\ntiring than the old method with the common whisk.\n\nIn answer to another Querist, I have only to reply that the black tints in\nthe French positives are due to the presence of starch, used as a size for\nthe paper. I have lately succeeded in producing several very beautiful and\nbrilliant effects of this kind by passing the paper--French or English, it\ndoes not much matter which--first over a size of starch, and next (after\nbeing dried) over a combination of albumen and thin starch size, composed\nof equal parts of each, to which, according to the process of M. Le Gray,\nmay be added one-fifth of a saturated solution of chloride of ammonium.\nThis is only an improvement in the process as described by M. Le Gray, and\nthe rest of the process will be found in his own book, or in Thornthwaite's\nGuide.\n\nF. M. L.\n\nTorquay.\n\n_Queries on Mr. Weld Taylor's Process._--I hope MR. WELD TAYLOR will not\nwithhold (from those {218} who would most thankfully acknowledge the\nfavour) an amended description of his paper process, embracing replies to\nthe following Queries:\n\n1. How strong should the cyanide solution be that is to be added \"drop by\ndrop;\" and how much of it is likely to redissolve the precipitate formed by\nthe first mixture?\n\n2. Should the paper be brushed with, floated on, or immersed in the\nsolution? If either of the latter, for how long a time; and what then?\n\n3. How is the bath of nitrate of silver prepared, and the mode of applying\nit to the paper?\n\n4. How much sulphuric acid is added to a given quantity of water, in which\nthe paper is placed after removal from the exciting bath; and is it\nimmersed or floated?\n\n5. Is the paper, when removed from the water, to be partially dried with\nblotting-paper, and used in its damp state? or will it keep, and how long?\n\n6. What is the probable time of exposure in the camera?\n\n7. How is the picture developed? and, finally, how fixed?\n\nJOHN JAMES.\n\n_Difficulties in the Wax-paper Process._--Can any of your photographic\ncorrespondents give me some hints regarding the following difficulties,\nwhich I (in common with many other amateurs) have met with in working\naccording to Le Gray's wax-paper process?\n\nThe proportions I used were exactly those published by Le Gray, and the\npaper and other materials were of the description he recommends; but nearly\nevery picture, on being placed in the gallic acid, was spoiled, by the\nappearance of numerous small black spots, all well defined on one and the\nsame side, but comparatively undefined on the other. These may possibly\nhave been owing to iron in the paper, and may therefore, perhaps, be\nobviated by following the method of MR. CROOKES. But I am anxious to learn\nif others have experienced these spots in their pictures, and to what they\nattribute them, as well as how they can best be prevented.\n\nMy second difficulty was in the want of intensity in the pictures, which\ncompletely prevented my obtaining even a tolerable impression from them. I\ntried many different times of exposure, and even after working long with Le\nGray's slightly-different proportions, but always without success. The\nmargin of the pictures, however, which had been exposed to the daylight,\nalways became of the _most intense black_, after the picture had been\ndeveloped.\n\nBut my third difficulty was the most annoying of all, because the constant\nsource of failure, though in itself apparently the most easily obviated. It\nwas the difficulty of keeping the dishes which contained the solution\n_clean_; the effect of this want of cleanliness being the _marbling_ of the\npictures whenever placed in the gallic acid and aceto-nitrate of silver.\nThis is a difficulty I never before encountered, during half a dozen years'\npractice of photography (during which I used to be as successful as most of\nmy brother amateurs); and though I tried every plan I could think of to\ninsure cleanliness, such as washing the dishes with warm water, nitric and\nmuriatic acids, &c., and afterwards wiping them thoroughly with clean\ncloths, still the mixture of gallic acid and aceto-nitrate of silver, for\ndeveloping the picture, brought out some marblings or blotches on the dish,\nwhich were invariably communicated to the picture, even though it was only\nfloated on the surface of the solution, and prevented, with the greatest\ncare, from touching the bottom of the dish. Should the dishes be kept in\nthe dark constantly?\n\nHave any of your correspondents tried Le Gray's plan of filtering the\nnitrate of silver through animal charcoal; or do they find any occasion to\nfilter at all? With me, the animal charcoal seemed to increase the\nsensibility greatly.\n\nG. H.\n\n_Mr. Archer's Services to Photography._--In Vol. vii., p. 163., MR. HORNE\nseems very indignant at the idea that MR. ARCHER taught him to take\npictures, and says MR. ARCHER'S published account will not succeed. Now I\nknow that MR. ARCHER and myself did take pictures by his process as\npublished. I also assert that neither MR. HORNE nor Mr. Fry made any\ncollodion pictures before MR. ARCHER published his account in _The\nChemist_, and, with the ordinary camera, that process must be the one now\nto give any chance of success, for without washing the plate the collodion\nwill not keep five or six hours without staining. But as that process was\nnot sufficiently quick, MR. ARCHER proposed to take the pictures in the\nbath itself; and I have one which I took in that way on the 16th of May,\n1851.\n\nMR. HORNE, I think ungenerously, wishes to detract from MR. ARCHER'S merit,\nand to exalt himself and Mr. Fry at MR. ARCHER'S expense. I have a letter\nof Mr. Fry's, dated March 23, 1852, in which he says, \"I with much pleasure\naccord to MR. ARCHER the credit he is fairly entitled to, of being the sole\ninventor of the collodion process.\" And another letter, wherein he says he\n\"never sanctioned the insertion in any work of any article connected with\nthe collodion process.\" I also know that MR. ARCHER prepared collodion for\nMessrs. Horne; that Messrs. Horne advertised it as prepared by MR. ARCHER;\nand that they were glad, when the thing was new, to avail themselves of MR.\nARCHER'S assistance.\n\nW. BROWN.\n\nEwell.\n\n_Mr. Weld Taylor's Iodizing Process._--The process I generally adopt in\niodizing paper by the {219} ammonio-nitrate of silver, I have found to be\nthe most certain of all, and I here give a formula for the benefit of your\nreaders. They will find it admirably adapted for any objects in the shade,\nor any not lit by the sun's rays; it also has an excellent quality, of not\ndarkening by exposure in the camera, as most other papers do. I have taken\nnegatives with it all the winter, even at Christmas. It is rather slow, but\ncertain; and as your readers try it and improve it, I hope they will\ncommunicate the results.\n\nIt rests alone on the superior sensitive property the nitrate of silver\npossesses after being redissolved in ammonia, which every photographer must\nhave experienced. And it has, I believe, in prospect, the dispensing with\nthe crystals of nitrate of silver, and simply at last employing silver\nleaves, which will save a great expense to the operator. The first solution\nis, to the proportion of a wine-bottleful of water add three grains of pure\ntannin, well dissolved in filtered water. Upon this float every sheet of\npaper, taking care of bubbles when they are to be hung up to dry. Do a\ngreat number; they will be ready for the ultimate process. Make now a\nsolution of nitrate of silver, twenty-six grains to the ounce: if three\nounces are to be made, dissolve the nitrate in half an ounce of distilled\nwater, and add liq. ammo. fortissimus till the precipitate is redissolved.\nThen fill up with two and a half ounces of distilled water. This is the\nformula of Mr. Alfred Taylor. With this solution pass over every sheet with\na brush: it cannot be floated, as exposure to the air precipitates the\nsilver. The iodizing solution is,--\n\n  Iodide of potassium        250 grs.\n  Fluoride of potassium       20 grs.\n  Cyanide of potassium        15 grs.\n  Muriate of soda             30 grs.\n\nto a full half-pint of distilled water.\n\nThe success of the operation depends upon this point, that the latter\nsolution must be laid over the first, _before the first has entirely\ndried_, or at that point when all appearance of wet is absorbed. Three\nsheets of paper may be washed over at a time; and as the corner where the\nsolution runs to is apt to remain wet longer than the rest of the paper,\nthe drip may be assisted off with a bit of blotting-paper. Also, _before_\nthe second solution is dry, it is to be floated on water; but the same\nconditions must be strictly observed. When it has floated a short time, \"it\ndoes not require so long a time as the acid process.\" It is, while wet,\nfloated again upon a weak solution of free iodine for about half a minute;\nit may then be dried, and is ready for the sensitive solution. This last\nmust be acid, and any of the approved formul\u00e6 will suit it; but the\nsolution, whatever it is, must be allowed to dry before placing between the\nwhite glasses, nor on any account ought it to be touched with\nblotting-paper. The image is to be brought out with gallic acid and acetic\nacid, laid over with a brush, and requires no heat. It is of a very red\ncolour generally, but that does not impair its effectiveness in taking the\npositive impression.\n\nWELD TAYLOR.\n\n7. Conduit Street West, Bayswater.\n\n_Sir W. Newton's Process._--Will SIR W. NEWTON be kind enough, through the\nmediums of \"N. & Q.,\" to give the _rationale_ of the _action_ of the\n_common soda_ and _powdered allum_ mentioned in his process published in\nVol. vii., p. 140. and why the _soda_ is used for _negatives_ and the\n_allum_ for _positives_, both being produced on _iodized paper_?\n\nShould these chemicals _destroy_ the power of the _hyposulphite of soda_, I\nimagine the fading of _positives_ will no longer be a matter of uneasiness;\nand I am sure all amateurs will be greatly indebted to him.\n\nW. ADRIAN DELFERIER.\n\n40. Sloane Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_A Race for Canterbury_ (Vol. vii., p. 158.).--In a copy of the tract\nbefore me (4to., 1747) is a plate prefixed to the title, containing a view\nof Lambeth Palace with four bishops, each in a wherry, striving hard to\nreach the coveted God: Sherlock, Herring, Mawson, and Gibson, designated in\nthe poem as _Codex_. The contention for the see of Canterbury, on the death\nof Archbishop Potter, was the subject of several squibs and satirical\nprints.\n\nI have two other plates, each representing three bishops in wherries; one\nwith three stanzas under it, commencing:\n\n \"Pope Gregory's table was spread with a net,\n  Till he the fish into his power could get;\n  Pope E--nd to L--eth rows in a wherry,\n  For the A--B--p's P--ce of C----.\"\n\nIn which Gibson and the two Sherlocks are alluded to. The other, a\nbroadside, headed by a woodcut with _three_ wherries, entitled \"First Oars\nto L--m--th, or who strives for Preferment?\" with fourteen stanzas below\nthe cut; the first runs thus:\n\n \"At L--m--th dwells, as fame reports,\n    A P--i--st of spotless fame;\n  Some annual thousands swell his worth,\n    And spread abroad his name.\"\n\nIn the twelfth, the initials H--d--y appear:\n\n \"H--d--y, with headstrong zeal inspired,\n    Vows he'll complete the work,\n  Whilst G--b--n tugs and boils in vain,\n    T' o'ertake the furious Y--r--k.\"\n\nWhich would lead one to infer that Hoadley was a competitor with Herring\nand Gibson.\n\nJ. F.\n\nKennington.\n\n{220}\n\n\"_The Birch: a Poem_\" (Vol. vii., p. 158.).--The poem entitled \"The Birch,\"\nwhich you have printed at length in a recent Number, has long been familiar\nto me, though I believe it has never before been printed; and was written\nby the late _Rev. Thomas Wilson, B.D., head master of the Free Grammar\nSchool of Clitheroe, Lancashire_. He was author of _An Arch\u00e6ological\nDictionary, or Classical Antiquities of the Jews, Greeks, and Romans_,\ndedicated to Dr. Johnson; which was highly esteemed, and passed through two\neditions: the first in 1782, the second, \"with considerable additions,\" in\n1793.\n\nMr. Wilson was a most amiable man, of great learning, taste, and humour;\nand universally respected and beloved by all his scholars, by all his\ntownsmen, and by all the first families throughout the north of Lancashire.\nDuring his time, the school of Clitheroe was in the highest repute; and the\nannual return of the speech-day was the great local festival of the\nyear--the occasion of general conviviality and good neighbourhood among the\ngentry of the district. On these occasions Mr. Wilson generally wrote a\ncopy of verses, to be recited by some of the scholars: and I have no doubt\nthat the statement in your correspondent's copy ought to be \"_recited_ by a\nboy of thirteen,\" for it was certainly _written_ by Mr. Wilson, the head\nmaster.\n\nJ. T. A.\n\n_Curtseys and Bows_ (Vol. vii., p. 156.).--E. S. will find his Query\npartly, if not altogether answered in a former note on salutations and\nsalutes (Vol. v., p. 157.). As to the date of the word _curtsey_ (a\ncontraction for _courtesy_), it is at least as early as Shakspeare.\nRosalind concludes the epilogue to _As You Like It_ by making her\n_curt'sy_. It occurs also in a dozen other places.\n\nC.\n\n_Deodorising Peat_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--A. A. D. inquires if this is found\nto be a failure: to this I can answer safely, that it is _not_. As to the\nsecond part of his Query, I would say, _if_ he means (as I am sure he does)\nthe \"Peat Charcoal,\" he should apply to Jasper W. Rogers, Esq., C. E.,\nSeville Place, Dublin, who is the patentee, and who will, I am sure, give\nhim every information. Before doing so, I would, however, suggest an\napplication to Professor Davy, Royal Dublin Society, who has strongly\nmaintained that _finely_ pulverised peat is fully equal to the peat\ncharcoal as a deodorising agent. He has published a small pamphlet on the\nsubject: to the best of my recollection it may be had through Messrs.\nHodges and Smith, Dublin.\n\nENIVRI.\n\n_Jacobite Toasts_ (Vol. vii., p. 105.).--What is here called \"Lord Duff's\ntoast\" formed some of the toasts current among the Jacobites about the\nperiod of the Rebellion of 1745. Lord Mahon alludes to the deep bumpers\nwhich were drunk by the country gentlemen to the health of the young\nprince, and probably by the country ladies also, \"who were proud to sing\nditties to his praise.\" Lord Mar died in 1732, consequently the fourth\ntoast, \"Keep Lord Mar,\" could not be drunk in 1745. The following list,\ngiven to me by a Lancashire gentleman some years ago, varies a little from\nyour correspondent's, and may be acceptable both to him and to others of\nyour readers. As Lord Mar and the Duke of Ormond, who died in 1745, are\nboth omitted in this list of toasts, it may have been used subsequently to\nthe other.\n\n  A. B. C.    A Blessed Change.\n  D. E. F.    D-- Every Foreigner.\n  G. H. J.    Get Home Jemmy.\n  K. L. M.    Keep Loyal Ministers.\n  N. O. P.    No Oppressive Parliaments.\n  Q. R. S.    Quickly Return, Stuart; and\n              Quell Rebellious Subjects.\n  T. U. W.    Tuck Up Whelps (Guelfs).\n  X. Y. Z.    Exert Your Zeal.\n\nYour correspondents, myself among the number, in the case of Shenstone\n(Vol. vi., pp. 414. 465.), ought well to consider the narrow limits which\ncan be afforded weekly in your pages, and not desire to insert in them what\nmay be easily found elsewhere. Bishop Pursglove's epitaph, which fills an\nentire column at p. 135., has been given, 1. in the _Gentleman's Magazine_\nfor December 1794, p. 1101.; 2. in Lysons's _Derbyshire_; and 3. in the\nbeautiful volume of monumental brasses published by the Cambridge Camden\nSociety, where it is accompanied by a most interesting memoir. When some of\nyour correspondents look with anxiety for the appearance of a Note and\nQuery of three lines, and do not find it, this occupation of space is\nrather unreasonable, as well as needless.\n\nJ. H. M.\n\n_Consecrators of English Bishops_ (Vol. vii., p. 132.).--I believe that the\nfollowing is, as far as it goes, a correct answer to the Query of A. S. A.\nThe bishops assisting the Primate were:\n\nFeb. 27, 1842, Lincoln and Llandaff; April 28, 1844, London, Bangor,\nWorcester; May 4, 1845, London, Lincoln, Lichfield, Rochester, Hereford,\nand Bishop Coleridge late of Barbadoes; July 5, 1846, London, Lichfield,\nCalcutta.\n\nThe consecration of December 3, 1843, like all those before mentioned, took\nplace in the archbishop's private chapel in Lambeth Palace.\n\nS. R. MAITLAND.\n\n_Chatham's Language_ (Vol. vii., p. 127.).--I suppose you will receive many\nanswers to H. G. D.'s question, as to the authorship of the lines quoted by\nLord Lansdowne; but \"what is everybody's business is nobody's;\" and,\ntherefore, I venture to say that, with a slight difference, they are from\nCowper's _Task_, b. ii. 235. I think {221} the whole passage ought to be\nembalmed in your pages amongst the other memorials of Wolfe:\n\n \"Time was when it was praise and boast enough\n  In every clime, and travel where we might,\n  That we were born her children: _praise enough_\n  To fill the ambition of a private man,\n  _That Chatham's language was his mother tongue,_\n  _And Wolfe's great name compatriot with his own_.\n  Farewell those honours, and, farewell with them\n  The hope of such hereafter. They have fallen\n  Each in his field of glory: one in arms,\n  And one in council. Wolfe upon the lap\n  Of smiling victory, that moment won,\n  And Chatham, heart-sick of his country's shame.\n  They made us many soldiers. Chatham still\n  Consulting England's happiness at home,\n  Secured it by an unforgiving frown,\n  If any wrong'd her. Wolfe, where'er he fought,\n  Put so much of his heart into his act,\n  That his example had a magnet's force,\n  And all were swift to follow whom all lov'd.\"\n\nSouthey adds, in note:\n\n    \"Cowper wrote from his own recollection here. In one of his letters, he\n    says: 'Nothing could express my rapture when Wolfe made the conquest of\n    Quebec.'\"\n\nC. W. B.\n\n_Shakspeare Readings: \"Love's Labour's Lost,\" Act V. Sc. 2._ (Vol. vi., pp.\n268. 296.).--\n\n \"That sport best pleases which the least knows how:\n  Where zeal strives to content, and the contents\n  _Dies_ in the _zeal_ of that which it presents.\"\n\nThe difficulty, as MR. KNIGHTLY says, is in the word _dies_, which is\nunintelligible; for the meaning is obviously the reverse of _dies_, namely,\nthat the _contents_, that is, \"the satisfaction of the audience, arises\nfrom accepting the well-meant zeal of the poor performers.\" This sense will\nbe produced by the smallest possible typographical correction--_L_ for _D_.\n\n  \"The contents\n  _Lies_ (i.e. exists) in the zeal,\" &c.\n\nThis at least is intelligible, which no other reading seems to be; and I\nneed not point out that there are no two letters so easily confounded,\neither in MS. or type, as _L_ and _D_. Most editions now read _die_, to\nagree with the plural _contents_; that question however, does not affect my\nemendation, which seems to me very like some of the best in MR. COLLIER'S\nfolio.\n\nC.\n\n_Inscriptions in Books_ (Vol. vii., p. 127.).--The following lines are\noften written in Bibles, and other works of a devotional nature:\n\n \"This is Giles Wilkinson his book.\n  God give him grace therein to look:\n  Nor yet to look, but understand,\n  That learning's better than house and land:\n  For when both house and land are spent,\n  Then learning is most excellent.\"\n\nI find that the following formula is much used among the poor in country\nvillages:\n\n \"John Stiles is my name,\n  England is my nation,\n  ---- is my dwelling-place,\n  But Christ is my salvation.\n  And when I'm dead and in the grave,\n  And all my bones are rotten;\n  This when you see, remember me,\n  Though I am long forgotten.\"\n\nAnother I am acquainted with is of as menacing a description as some of the\nlast quoted by BALLIOLENSIS. It is, however, so common as hardly to be\nworth the notice of \"N. & Q.\":\n\n \"Gideon Snooks,\n          Ejus liber.\n  Si quis furetur;\n  Per collum pendetur,\n  Similis huic pauperi animali.\"\n\nHere follows a figure of an unfortunate individual suspended \"in malam\ncrucem.\"\n\nF. M. M.\n\nThe Note of BALLIOLENSIS has reminded me of Garrick's book-plate, which I\nfound in a book purchased by me some years ago. The name David Garrick, in\ncapital letters, is surrounded by some fancy scroll-work, above which is a\nsmall bust of Shakspeare; below, and on the sides, a mask, and various\nmusical instruments; and beneath the whole, the following sentence from\nMenage:\n\n    \"La premi\u00e8re chose qu'on doit faire quand on a emprunt\u00e9 un livre, c'est\n    de le lire afin de pouvoir le rendre pl\u00fbt\u00f4t.--_Menagiana_, vol. iv.\n\nThe following admonition to book-stealers is probably not unknown to\nBALLIOLENSIS:\n\n \"Quisquis in hunc librum furtivos verterit ungues,\n  [Pi] sibi pro merito littera Gr\u00e6ca manet.\"\n\nS. D.\n\n_Anagrams_ (Vol. iv., p. 226.).--The following royal anagrams are worth\nadding to your list. It is said that Charles I., on looking at a portrait\nof himself the day before his execution, made this anagram on the Carolus\nRex inscribed on it, _Cras ero lux_. Again, Henry IV. of France is said to\nhave made the anagram _Je charme tout_, on the famous and beautiful Marie\nTouchet.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_Dipping for Bite of Mad Dog, &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 483.).--When I was a boy,\nprobably therefore about thirty-five years ago, a mad dog appeared in\nBrightwell, near Wallingford, which bit several other animals and some\nhuman beings. I well remember seeing some pigs which became perfectly mad\nin consequence of being so bitten. A horse, too, showed symptoms of\nmadness, and was immediately destroyed. All I can say of the _persons_\n{222} bitten is, that they were sent (I think to the number of six or\nseven) down to Southampton to be dipped, and that none of them was ever\nattacked with hydrophobia. I have often, formerly, spoken to one of the\npersons on the subject, a carpenter, named Eggleton.\n\nI quite agree with all you have said on the propriety of appending real\nnames. Dropping, therefore, my cognomen of CORYLUS, I subscribe myself\n\nWM. HAZEL.\n\nPortsmouth.\n\n\"_Solid Men of Boston_\" (Vol. vii., p. 134.).--Your correspondent will find\nthe whole of this song, which is one of Captain Morris's, in the _Asylum\nfor Fugitive Pieces_, published by Debrett, 1786, 12mo., vol. ii. p. 246.\nIt is entitled \"Billy Pitt and the Farmer,\" and begins--\n\n \"Sit down, neighbours all, and I'll tell a merry story,\n  About a British farmer and Billy Pitt the Tory.\n  I had it piping hot from Ebenezer Barber,\n  Who sail'd right from England, and lies in Boston harbour.\"\n\nIt describes, very amusingly, an incident which was reported to have\noccurred to Pitt and Dundas, on their return from a convivial meeting at\n\"Daddy Jenky's,\" and was for a long time a very popular song.\n\nJAMES CROSSLEY.\n\nI have seen a song, with the music, directed against the Prince of Wales,\nCharles Fox, and their party. It began,--\n\n \"Come, listen neighbours all, and I'll tell you a story,\n  About a disappointed Whig who wants to be a Tory.\n  I had it from his bosom-friend, who very soon is going\n  To Botany for seven years, for something he's been doing.\"\n\nIt ended,--\n\n \"Solid men of Brighton, look to your houses;\n  Solid men of Brighton, take care of your spouses;\n  Solid men of Brighton, go to bed at sun-down,\n  And do not lose your money to the blacklegs of London.\"\n\nWhich is the earlier version I do not know.\n\nH. B. C.\n\n_Degree of B.C.L._ (Vol. vi., p. 534.; Vol. vii., p. 38.).--In answer to J.\nF.'s question, the examination is quite, and the amount of standing (viz.\nseven years) required for taking a B.C.L in the University of Oxford is\nalmost, identical with those necessary for an M.A. degree. A knowledge of\nthe Civil Law never comes into requisition. There was a proposal, some\nshort time ago, for a statute requiring an examination in the Institutes,\n&c., Heineccius, and other treatises on the Civil Law, before proceeding to\nthat degree, but it was never passed. The civilian's fees are rather more\nthan the Artist's. For information on some other minute particulars of\ndifference, I refer J. F. to the _Oxford Calendar_.\n\nThe Cambridge LL.B. is really examined in the Civil, though not in the\nCanon Law, and is considered to obtain his degree with greater facility\nthan by going through Arts.\n\nWith respect to the privileges of the degree at Oxford, the B.C.L. is not a\nmember of Convocation, and has therefore no vote for the university; but\nyet he takes precedence of M.A.'s, both by university and court etiquette.\nThe degrees in law and divinity used to confer the same privileges as a\nchaplaincy with respect to holding pluralities; and they also give those\nwho take them the right of wearing a scarf. This will be an answer to C--\nJ. T. P. (Vol. vii., p. 108.), unless he has confounded the priest's\n_stole_ with the chaplain's _scarf_. The civilian has also a distinguishing\ngown and hood; but as to the right to a place among the members of the bar,\nI am unable, though a B.C.L. myself, to give any assistance in the way of\ninformation; but the silk gown of a queen's counsel is the same as a\ncivilian's gown.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_\"Lay\" and \"Lie\"_ (Vol. vi., p. 388.).--I have somewhere read the following\nparliamentary anecdote:--A certain honourable member, in the course of a\nspeech, said, \"the paper which _lays_ on the table,\" but was immediately\ncorrected by another honourable member, who said, \"the honourable member\nshould say _lie_, hens _lay_.\" In the course of the evening, the second\nhonourable member was on his legs, and at the end of his speech said, \"with\nthese observations I shall _set_ down;\" but the first retorted on him with\nthe correction \"the honourable member should say _sit_, hens _set_.\"\n\nSHIRLEY HIBBERD.\n\n\"_Banbury Cakes and Zeal_\" (Vol. vii., p. 106.).--The following passage\nfrom _Drunken Barnaby's Journey through England_ will show that Banbury was\nfamous for _zeal_:\n\n \"To Banbury came I, O profane one!\n  There I saw a puritane one\n  Hanging of his cat on Monday\n  For killing of a mouse on Sunday.\"\n\nWhat the present estimation in which Banbury cakes are held may be I cannot\ntell; but I can assure you that at the close of the last century, when I\nwas a schoolboy, they were deservedly in very high repute, at least among\nus youngsters.\n\nH.\n\n\"_Hob and nob_\" (Vol. vii., p. 86.).--In addition to your observations on\nthis expression, allow me to record the use of the term under circumstances\nwhich some others of your sexagenarian readers may with myself be able to\ncall to mind. I well remember, when a boy at home from school, that {223}\nmy old uncle, who piqued himself on the correctness of his style in\nmanners, dress, and conversation, and whose portrait, in the ample sleeves,\ncapacious waistcoat, and formal head-dress of the last century, looks down\non me as I now write, being in company when wine was on the table, and each\nperson had supplied their glasses, would occasionally, as a mark of respect\nor affection to any individual sitting near him, in a gentle tone of\nsolicitation mention the name of the party, and ask \"Hob and nob?\" On the\nimmediate compliance, which nothing short of hostility or ill manners could\nrefuse or avoid, the parties held out their glasses till they touched one\nthe other, health being at the same time invoked. But at this point always\nensued a little polite rivalry as to which of the parties should hold the\nglass rather below that of the other as they came in contact. If a lady\nwere the challenged on the occasion, she would with simpering diffidence\nallow of the superiority indicated by her glass being uppermost,\noverwhelmed with my uncle's expressions of regard; if a gentleman, each\nparty got over the formality on as near a level as possible, amidst murmurs\nand protestations of humble service and great esteem.\n\nJ. D. S.\n\n_A Gentleman executed for flogging a Slave to Death_ (Vol. vii., p.\n107.).--Mr. J. V. L. Gebhard, son of the Rev. Mr. Gebhard, was tried at\nCape Town, on Saturday, 21st September, 1822, at the instance of the\nlandrost of Stellenbosch, _ratione officio_ prosecutor, before a full\ncourt, for the murder of a slave, by excessive and unlawful punishment. He\nwas found guilty, and sentenced to death. The sentence was carried into\neffect on 15th November, amid an immense concourse of spectators.\n\nINVERURIENSIS.\n\n_Mr. Henry Smith's Sermons preached by a Romanist_ (Vol. iii., p. 222.).--\n\n    \"As soon as he (_i. e._ Obadiah Walker) declared himself a Roman\n    Catholic, he provided him and his party of Jesuits for their priests;\n    concerning the first of whom (I think he went by the name of Mr.\n    Edwards) there is this remarkable story, that having had mass said for\n    some time in a [Greek: uper\u00f4on], or garret, he afterwards procured a\n    mandate from King James to seize of the lower half of the side of the\n    quadrangle next adjoining to the college chapel, by which he deprived\n    us of two low rooms, their studies, and their bed-chambers; and after\n    all the partitions were removed, it was some way or other consecrated,\n    as we suppose, to Divine services; for they had mass there every day,\n    and sermons, at least in the afternoons, on the Lord's Days: and it\n    happening that the Jesuit preaching upon 1 Cor. ix. 24., 'So run that\n    you may obtain,' many Protestants were hearkening at the outside of the\n    windows, one of them discovering that it was one of Mr. Henry Smith's\n    sermons, which he had at home by him, went and fetched the book, and\n    read at the outside of the window what the Jesuit was preaching within.\n    But this report raised such a noise in the town, that this priest was\n    speedily dismissed, and another brought in his room.\"--Smith's _Annals\n    of University College_, p. 258.\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_London Queries_ (Vol. vii., p. 108.).--An authentic account of one of the\nearliest, if not the most early toll ever collected in England, is to be\nfound in the 5th tome of Rymer's _Foedera_, fo. 520. It was in the year\n1346 that King Edward III. granted his commission to the master of the\nhospital of St. Gyles (in the Fields), without the city of London, and to\nJohn of Holbourn, to lay a toll on all sorts of carriage, for two years to\ncome, passing through the highway (via regia) leading from the said\nhospital to the bar of the old Temple of London (_i. e._ the Holborn Bar,\nnear to which stood the old house of the Knights Templars); also through\nanother highway called Perpoole (now Gray's Inn Lane); which roads were, by\nfrequent passage of carts, waynes, and horses, to and from London, become\nso miry and deep as to be almost impassable; as also the highway called\nCharing. These tolls were as follow:\n\n  1. For every cart or wayne, laden with wool,\n  leather, wine, honey, wax, oyl, pitch, tar,\n  fish, iron, brass, copper, or other metals,\n  corn, &c., for sale, to the value of twenty\n  shillings                                        1d.\n\n  2. For every horse-load of merchandise           0\u00bc\n\n  3. For every horse used in carrying corn, or\n  other provisions, per week                       0\u00bd\n\n  4. For every load of hay                         0\u00bc\n\n  5. For carts used to carry charcoal, bark, &c.,\n  per week                                         1\n\n  6. For every horse, ox, or cow                   1\n\n  7. For every score of hogs or sheep              0\u00bd\n\n  8. And for all other merchandise of 5s. value    0\u00bd\n\nBut ecclesiastical persons, of both sexes, were to be exempt from this\ntoll.\n\nAbout this time there was a considerable market or staple held at\nWestminster; and in 1353 the same king, by an order in council, laid a tax\nof 3d. on every sack (serplarium) of wool, and for every three hundred of\nwoolfels; 6d. on every last of leather; 4d. on every fodder of lead; 4d. on\nevery tun of wine; and \u00bdd. on every twenty shillings value of all other\ngoods carried either by land or water to the staple of Westminster, in\norder for repairing the highway leading from the gate of London called\nTemple Bar to the gate of the abbey at Westminster.--See _Foedera_, vol. v.\np. 774.\n\nFrom this record we learn that the gate called Temple Bar, as a western\nboundary of the city of London, is of great antiquity as a gate.\n\nI hope some of your readers skilled in architecture may answer the other\nQueries of your correspondent.\n\nBROCTUNA.\n\nBury, Lancashire.\n\n{224}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\nMessrs. Longman have just published, in two thick and closely printed\nvolumes, _A New Gazetteer or Topographical Dictionary of the British\nIslands and Narrow Seas, &c._, by James A. Sharp. When we tell our readers\nthat in these two volumes are recorded the name, position, history, &c. of\nevery city, town, village, hamlet, &c. which appears in the censuses of\n1821, 1831, 1841; or in the works of Carlisle, Pott, Gorton, Lewis,\nFullarton, Chambers, Hall, and other general writers; and, indeed, that\namong the sixty thousand articles of which these volumes consist, will be\nfound particulars not only of all the natural objects of the country--as\nrivers, lakes, mountains, hills, passes, waterfalls, bays, ports,\nheadlands, islands, shoals--but also of every locality or object of\nhistorical interest or antiquarian character: as Roman stations and camps,\nRoman and British ways, Saxon towns, Druid stones, cromlechs, round towers,\nDanish Raths, Picts' houses, castles, abbeys, &c., not to mention railway,\npolice, and coast-guard stations, hunting \"fixtures,\" &c., they will at\nonce perceive what a vast amount of useful, indeed of most valuable,\ninformation, the persevering industry of Mr. Sharp has enabled him to bring\ntogether. That a work consisting of so large a mass of facts and figures\nshould contain some errors, is more than probable; but having tested it by\nreferring to localities with which we are personally acquainted, we are\nenabled to say that it has stood that test in a manner to make us feel\nassured that it is a book to be fully relied upon, and one, therefore,\nwhich we have no doubt will eventually take its place in every\nwell-appointed library.\n\nBOOKS RECEIVED.--_Tangible Typography, or How the Blind Read_, by E. C.\nJohnson, is a little volume detailing various modes of printing books for\nthe blind, and well calculated to awaken an interest in the benevolent\nobjects of The Society for Printing and Distributing Books for the Use of\nthe Blind.--_The Ghost of Junius, &c._, by Francis Ayerst. This endeavour\nto identity Junius with Lieut.-General Sir Robert Rich, on the strength of\na letter written by that officer to Viscount Barrington, years after the\ncelebrated _Letters of Junius_ had appeared, is the largest theory based on\nthe smallest fact with which we are acquainted.--Mr. Bohn has just issued\nin his _Standard Library_ the fourth volume of his edition of _The Prose\nWorks of John Milton; containing the First Book of A Treatise on Christian\nDoctrine, compiled from the Holy Scripture alone, translated from the\nOriginal_ by the Lord Bishop of Winchester. The present edition has had the\nadvantage of a thorough revision.--Mr. Bohn has also enriched his\n_Scientific Library_ by the publication of _The Physical and Metaphysical\nWorks of Lord Bacon, including his Dignity and Advancement of Learning, and\nhis Novum Organon, or Precepts for the Interpretation of Nature_, edited by\nJoseph Devey, who has availed himself of the best translations, and\nenriched the _Novum Organon_ with the remarks of the two Playfairs, Sir\nJohn Herschel, and the German and French editors.--_Matthew Paris' English\nHistory, from the Year 1235 to 1273; translated from the Latin_ by Dr.\nGiles, _Volume the Second_, is the new issue of Bohn's _Antiquarian\nLibrary_; while, in his _Classical Library_, he has published a volume\nwhich will be, we doubt not, welcome to many: _The Idylls of Theocritus,\nBion, and Moschus, and the War Songs of Tyrt\u00e6us, literally translated into\nEnglish Prose_, by Rev. J. Banks; _with Metrical Versions_, by J. M.\nChapman.--_The Churchman's Magazine, a Monthly Review of Church Progress\nand General Literature._ Judging from the January and February Numbers\nwhich are now before us, we can have no doubt that this Magazine for\nChurchmen will please those to whom it is addressed.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nPURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES. Original Edition. Vol. I.\n\nTHE BOOK OF ADAM.\n\nPRIDEAUX'S CONNECTION OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT. Vol. I. 1718.\n\nTHE CHRISTIAN MAGAZINE. Vol. for 1763.\n\nPRO MATRIMONIO PRINCIPIS CUM DEFUNCT\u00c6 UXORIS SORORE CONTRACTO RESPONSUM\nJURIS COLLEGII JURISCONSULTORUM IN ACADEMIA RINTELENSI (circa 1655).\n\nMONNER JURISCONSULT., DE MATRIMONIO.\n\nBR\u00dcCKNER, DE MATRIMONIO.\n\nBEDELL'S IRISH OLD TESTAMENT, Irish type, 4to., 1685. [A copy of\nO'Domhnuill's \"Irish _New_ Testament,\" Irish type, 4to., 1st edition, 1602\n(_being rare_), is offered in exchange.]\n\nPERCY SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS. Nos. XCIII. and XCIV.\n\nSOUTHEY'S WORKS. Vol. X. Longmans. 1838.\n\nSCOTT'S CONTINUATION OF MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Vols. II. and III., or II.\nonly.\n\nTHE DRAGON OF WANTLEY, by H. CAREY.\n\nGAMMER GURTON'S STORY BOOKS, edited by AMBROSE MERTON. 13 Parts (Original\nEdition).\n\nHAYWARD'S BRITISH MUSEUM. 3 Vols. 12mo. 1738.\n\nTHEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726.\n\nILLUSTRATED COMMENTARY ON THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS. Vol. I. 1840. Knight.\n\nPETER SIMPLE. Illustrated Edition. Saunders and Otley. Vols. II. and III.\n\nHISTORICAL MEMOIRS OF QUEENS OF ENGLAND, by HANNAH LAWRANCE. Vol. II.\n\nINGRAM'S SAXON CHRONICLE. 4to. London, 1823.\n\nNEWMAN'S FERNS. Large Edition.\n\nENIGMATICAL ENTERTAINER. Nos. I. and II. 1827 and 1828. Sherwood & Co.\n\nNORTHUMBRIAN MIRROR. New Series. 1841, &c.\n\n*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send\ntheir names._\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\n_We have this week the pleasure of presenting our Readers with an\nadditional eight pages. We do this from a desire that those who do not\nparticipate in the interest which so many of them take in our endeavours to\npopularise Photography, should from time to time receive compensation for\nthe space occupied by our_ Photographic Correspondence.\n\nE. H. H. _Caxton's Press is certainly not in Westminster Abbey: we may add,\ncertainly not in existence._\n\nTEE BEE. _The quotation is from Pope's_ Moral Essays, _Epist. IV._:\n\n \"To rest the cushion and soft Dean invite,\n  Who never mentions hell to ears polite.\"\n\nS. JENNINGS-G. _We have a Note for this Correspondent. Where shall it be\nsent?_\n\nH. E. P. T. (Woolwich). _What Numbers are wanted?_\n\nEARLDOM OF OXFORD. M. D., _whose communication on this subject appears in\nour_ No. for Feb. 12., p. 153., _writes to us that he has been misinformed,\ninasmuch as two of the sisters of Alfred, the last Earl of Oxford and\nMortimer, have sons_. {225}\n\nF. K. (Clonea) _is requested to state the subjects of the two Queries to\nwhich he refers_.\n\nJ. M. (Bath). _The Note has been forwarded._\n\nSHAW: SPINNEY: HURST. H. E. P. T. _will find, on reference to Richardson's\nDictionary, that_ Shaw _is from the A.-S._ Scua, _a Shadow_; _and_ Hurst\n_from the A.-S._ Hurst, _a Wood_. Spinney _is probably from the Latin_\nSpinetum, _a place where thorny bushes grow_.\n\nJ. G. (Dorchester)'_s Query on the Lisle Family shall appear next week_.\n\nF. B. _The term_ Benedict, _applied to a married man, is doubtless derived\nfrom Shakspeare's_ \"_Benedict, the Married Man_.\"\n\nTYRO. _The fault must be in your Chemicals, or in your manipulation. Try\nagain, with Chemicals procured from a different source._\n\nE. B. S. _Dr. Diamond's result, and mode of arriving at it, will be given\nin his forthcoming_ Photographic Notes.\n\n_Erratum._--P. 105., Lord Duff's Toast, read \"Q. R. S. Quickly _Restore_\nStewart,\" instead of \"_Resolve_.\"\n\nOUR SIXTH VOLUME, _strongly bound in cloth, with very copious Index, is now\nready, price_ 10s. 6d. _A few complete sets of_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vols.\nI. _to_ VI., _price Three Guineas for the Six Volumes, may now be had; for\nwhich early application is desirable_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n  March 1st will be ready, Part I., price 1s.\n  (To be continued in Shilling Monthly Parts,)\n\nA PLAIN COMMENTARY ON THE FOUR HOLY GOSPELS, INTENDED CHIEFLY for\nDEVOTIONAL READING. This Commentary will be particularly adapted to the\nWants of the Middle and Poorer Classes, and will be issued in Shilling\nMonthly Parts. At the same time it is so arranged that any chapter can be\nobtained separately, in the form of a Tract, and thus used for\ndistribution.\n\nJOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready, in fcp. 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth, gilt, with woodcut\nborders and illustrations, price 3s. 6d.\n\nTHE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS BY JOHN BUNYAN. A New Edition, edited by the REV. J.\nM. NEALE, M.A., for the use of Children of the Church of England.\n\nJOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJUST PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD.\n\nDR. CHANDLER'S CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LIFE OF DAVID. New Edition in 1 Vol.\n8vo. cloth, 8s. 6d.\n\nBULSTRODE WHITELOCK'S MEMORIALS of the English Affairs from the beginning\nof the Reign of Charles I. to the Restoration of Charles II. New Edition in\n4 Vols. 8vo. cloth, 30s.\n\nJOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7.\nPaternoster Row.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWRITERS OF FICTION, POEMS, DRAMAS, PAMPHLETS, SERMONS, ETC.\n\nNow Ready,\n\nHOW TO PRINT AND WHEN TO PUBLISH.\n\nPractical Advice to Authors, inexperienced Writers, and Possessors of\nManuscripts, on the efficient publication of books intended for general\ncirculation or private distribution. Sent Post Free to orders enclosing Six\nStamps, addressed to MESSRS. SAUNDERS & OTLEY, Publisher, Conduit Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1 Class X., in\nGold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may\nnow be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIN VOLUMES FOR THE POCKET, PRICE FIVE SHILLINGS EACH.\n\nJust published, in fcp. 8vo., Vol. V. of\n\nBOWDLER'S FAMILY SHAKSPEARE. In which nothing is _added_ to the Original\nText; but those Words and Expressions are _omitted_ which cannot with\npropriety be read aloud in a Family. A New Edition, to be completed in Six\nMonthly Volumes, price 5s. each.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWONDERFUL DISCOVERY.--Portraits, Views, &c., taken on Glass by the Suns\nrays. By this new process any person can produce in a few seconds, at a\ntrifling expense, truly Life-like Portraits of their Friends, Landscapes,\nViews, Buildings, &c. No knowledge of drawing required to produce these\nwondrous works of art and beauty. Printed instructions, containing full\nparticulars for practising this fascinating art with ease and certainty,\nforwarded on receipt of Fifteen Postage Stamps.\n\n  Address, WM. LANE, Photographer,\n  No. 3. Market Street, Brighton.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | J. H. Goodhart, Esq.\n  W. Cabell, Esq.               | T. Grissell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.\n                                | J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n                           _Trustees._\n  W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       \u00a3   s.  d. | Age       \u00a3   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8\n   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6\n   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTo Members of Learned Societies, Authors, &c.\n\nASHBEE & DANGERFIELD, LITHOGRAPHERS, DRAUGHTSMEN, AND PRINTERS, 18. Board\nCourt, Long Acre.\n\nA. & D. respectfully beg to announce that they devote particular attention\nto the execution of ANCIENT AND MODERN FAC-SIMILES, comprising Autograph\nLetters, Deeds, Charters, Title-pages, Engravings, Woodcuts, &c., which\nthey produce from any description of copies with the utmost accuracy, and\nwithout the slightest injury to the originals.\n\nAmong the many purposes to which the art of Lithography is most\nsuccessfully applied, may be specified,--ARCH\u00c6OLOGICAL DRAWINGS,\nArchitecture, Landscapes, Marine Views, Portraits from Life or Copies,\nIlluminated MSS., Monumental Brasses, Decorations, Stained Glass Windows,\nMaps, Plans, Diagrams, and every variety of illustrations requisite for\nScientific and Artistic Publications.\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS lithographed with the greatest care and exactness.\n\nLITHOGRAPHIC OFFICES, 18. Broad Court, Long Acre, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nUNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in\n1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.\n\nHONORARY PRESIDENTS.\n\n  Earl of Courtown\n  Earl Leven and Melville\n  Earl of Norbury\n  Earl of Stair\n  Viscount Falkland\n  Lord Elphinstone\n  Lord Belhaven and Stenton\n  Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan\n\nLONDON BOARD.\n\n_Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq.\n_Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq.\n\n  H. Blair Avarne, Esq.\n  E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_.\n  C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.\n  William Fairlie, Esq.\n  D. Q. Henriques, Esq.\n  J. G. Henriques, Esq.\n  F. C. Maitland, Esq.\n  William Railton, Esq.\n  F. H. Thomson, Esq.\n  Thomas Thorby, Esq.\n\nMEDICAL OFFICERS.\n\n_Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D., 8. Bennett Street, St.\nJames's.\n_Surgeon._--F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.\n\nThe Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as\nfollows:--\n\n  ---------+----------+--------------------+----------\n    Sum    |   Time   |   Sum added to     |   Sum\n  Assured. | Assured. |      Policy        | Payable\n           |          +--------------------+ at Death.\n           |          | In 1841. In 1848.  |\n  ---------+----------+---------+----------+----------\n      \u00a3    |          |   \u00a3 s.d.|   \u00a3  s.d.|    \u00a3  s.d.\n     5000  | 14 years | 683 6 8 | 787 10 0 | 6470 16 8\n   * 1000  |  7 years |  -  -   | 157 10 0 | 1157 10 0\n      500  |  1 year  |  -  -   |  11  5 0 |  511  5 0\n  ---------+----------+---------+----------+----------\n\n* EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took\nout a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in\n1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 2\u00bc per\ncent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each\n1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the\npremiums paid.\n\nThe Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only\none-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for\nLife. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident\nDirector.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{226}\n\nPROPOSALS FOR REPAIR AND IMPROVEMENT OF ST. MARY'S CHURCH,\n\nVINCENT SQUARE, WESTMINSTER.\n\n  _Incumbent._\n  REV. A. BORRADAILE.\n  _Churchwardens._\n  MR. G. PEARSE and MR. G. PINK.\n\nST. MARY'S CHURCH, Vincent Square, Westminster, was erected in the year\n1837, and contains 1,200 sittings, of which 800 are free.\n\nThe pecuniary resources which were at the disposal of those by whose\nefforts this spacious Church was built were only adequate to provide what\nwas absolutely requisite for the performance of Divine Service.\n\nThere was, however, much cause for thankfulness that so large and\ncommodious a Church was raised in so poor a district as St. Mary's; and a\nhope was then entertained that the day would soon come when what was\nnecessarily left incomplete might be accomplished.\n\nFifteen years have passed away since the Church was consecrated; and the\ntime appears now to have arrived when an effort should be made to supply\nwhat is wanting, and to render the interior more convenient, to paint,\ncleanse, and colour it; and to impart to it that religious decency and\ncomeliness which befits the House of God.\n\nAn additional reason for this endeavour is supplied by recent events.\nChurches have arisen in the neighbourhood of St. Mary's, erected by the\nmunificence of pious founders, which are adorned with architectural beauty,\nand are among the best specimens of ecclesiastical fabrics that the present\nage has produced. St. Mary's suffers from the contrast: its deficiencies\nhave become more manifest; and the need of such an effort as has been\nmentioned is now felt more strongly.\n\nWhile, however, the exigencies of the case have increased, the means of\nsatisfying them have become less. Some of the less indigent portions of St.\nMary's District have been detached from it, and have been annexed to the\nother districts formed for more recent Churches. Thus the resources of St.\nMary's have been diminished; and circumstances of a local character render\nit undesirable, in the opinion of legal advisers, to press for the levying\nof a Rate for the improvement of the Church. Perhaps, however, the strength\nof the present appeal may eventually be found to lie in these difficulties,\nwhen they are more generally known.\n\nA COMMITTEE, therefore, has been formed, consisting of the Churchwardens of\nthe District, and other inhabitants, and of some personal friends of the\nIncumbent, the REV. A. BORRADAILE, whose zeal and energy in discharging the\nduties of the pastoral office in St. Mary's District for more than ten\nyears, through many and great difficulties, have been greatly blessed to\nhis flock, and command the respect and sympathy of those who have witnessed\nhis persevering exertions, and have seen the fruit of his labours.\n\nThe Committee are now engaged in an endeavour to raise funds for the\nreparation and improvement of the interior of St. Mary's Church; and they\ntrust that many may be found to approve and encourage the design.\n\nAn estimate has been prepared of the requisite expenditure by MR. H. A.\nHUNT, of 4. Parliament Street, which amounts to FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY\nPOUNDS. This sum, it is anticipated, will suffice to provide for lowering\nand refixing the whole of the Free Seats, and to make them more commodious\nfor the use of the poor; to improve the seats generally throughout the\nChurch; to alter and improve the position and character of the Pulpit and\nReading Desk; to paint, grain, and varnish the whole of the seats; and to\ngive an appropriate appearance to the Chancel of the Church.\n\n*** Subscriptions are received for \"ST. MARY'S VINCENT SQUARE FUND,\" at\nMESSRS. HALLETT & CO., Little George Street, Westminster, or at 2. Warwick\nTerrace, Belgrave Road; or by the CHURCHWARDENS of St. Mary's; or W. J.\nTHOMS, Esq., 25. Holywell Street, Millbank, Treasurer; or by REV. DR.\nWORDSWORTH, Cloisters, Westminster, Secretary.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n                           SUBSCRIPTIONS.\n\n                                                  \u00a3   s.   d.\n  Dean and Chapter of Westminster                50   0    0\n  Rev. Dr. Woodsworth                            50   0    0\n  Henry A. Hunt, Esq.                            25   0    0\n  Rev. F. Secretan                                5   0    0\n  Henry Stone Smith, Esq.                         5   0    0\n  Miss J. F. Smith                                5   0    0\n  F. Giffard, Esq.                                5   0    0\n  W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.                        20   0    0\n  James Hallett, Esq.                             5   0    0\n  William J. Thoms, Esq.                          5   0    0\n  The Hon. The Vice-Chancellor Wood              50   0    0\n  Messrs. Hallett, Robinson, & Co.               10   0    0\n  Venerable Archdeacon Bentinck                  45   0    0\n  Mrs. Bentinck                                  15   0    0\n  The Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol      10   0    0\n  Joshua Watson, Esq.                            25   0    0\n  Henry Hoare, Esq.                              10   0    0\n  Rev. W. Tennant                                 5   0    0\n  The Lord Bishop of London                      10   0    0\n  Reginald Cocks, Esq.                           10   0    0\n  Rev. George France                              3   3    0\n  Mrs. Joyner                                     2   2    0\n  By Rev. W. Jephson                              1   0    0\n  Mrs. Blayney                                    1   0    0\n  Miss Colquhoun                                  1   0    0\n  Rev. R. Valentine                               1   0    0\n  Anonymous                                       1   0    0\n  Mr. Richardson                                  0   5    0\n  W. Scott, Esq.                                  0   5    0\n  G. Vacher, Esq.                                 5   0    0\n  W. Spottiswoode, Esq.                           1   0    0\n  George A. Spottiswoode, Esq.                    1   0    0\n  J. H. Markland, Esq.                            3   0    0\n  A. Hemsley, Esq.                                2   2    0\n  Robert Arntz, Esq.                              1   0    0\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B.\nHOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who\npublished the application of this agent (see _Athen\u00e6um_, Aug. 14th). Their\nCollodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness,\ntenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any\nclimate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO.\nmanufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements\nadapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for\nDeveloping in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses\nfrom the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,\n\nThe WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.\nTranslated from the French.\n\nSole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated\nLenses for Portraits and Views.\n\nGeneral Dep\u00f4t for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Fr\u00e8res', La Croix, and other\nTalbotype Papers.\n\nPure Photographic Chemicals.\n\nInstructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS., Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, has\nnow obtained an European fame; it supersedes the use of all other\npreparations of Collodion. Witness the subjoined Testimonial.\n\n    \"122. Regent Street\n\n    \"Dear Sir,--In answer to your inquiry of this morning, I have no\n    hesitation in saying that your preparation of Collodion is incomparably\n    better and more sensitive than all the advertised Collodio-Iodides,\n    which, for my professional purposes, are quite useless when compared to\n    yours.\n\n             \"I remain, dear Sir,\n                 \"Yours faithfully,\n                     \"N. HENNEMAN.\n\n          Aug. 30. 1852.\n      to Mr. R.W. Thomas.\"\n\nMR. R. W. THOMAS begs most earnestly to caution photographers against\npurchasing impure chemicals, which are now too frequently sold at very low\nprices. It is to this cause nearly always that their labours are unattended\nwith success.\n\nChemicals of absolute purity, especially prepared for this art, may be\nobtained from R. W. THOMAS, Chemist and Professor of Photography, 10. Pall\nMall.\n\nN.B.--The name of Mr. T.'s preparation, Xylo-Iodide of Silver, is made use\nof by unprincipled persons. To prevent imposition each bottle is stamped\nwith a red label bearing the maker's signature.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now\nmade arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities,\neither from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of having\ngood impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr. Delamotte's\nPrinting at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place, Bayswater, or at\n\nMR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,\nSanford's, and Canson Fr\u00e8res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.\nIodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.\n\nSold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.\nPaternoster Row, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, with every requisite for the practice of\nPhotography, according to the instructions of Hunt, Le Gray, Br\u00e9bisson, &c.\n&c., may be obtained of WILLIAM BOLTON, Manufacturer of pure chemicals for\nPhotographic and other purposes.\n\n  Lists of Prices to be had on application.\n  146. Holborn Bars.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may\nbe seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured\nApparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of\nPhotography in all its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\n    BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\n    Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{227}\n\nINCORPORATED ACCORDING TO ACT OF PARLIAMENT.\n\nATHEN\u00c6UM INSTITUTE FOR AUTHORS AND MEN OF SCIENCE, 30. SACKVILLE STREET,\nLONDON.\n\n  _Vice-Presidents._\n  The Most Hon. the Marquis of Bristol, &c.\n  The Right Hon. the Lord Justice Knight Bruce, &c.\n  The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P., &c.\n  Lieut.-General Lord Frederick Fitzclarence, G.C.H., &c.\n  The Right Hon. Viscount Goderich, M.P., &c.\n  The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Monck, M.P.\n  Sir George Thomas Staunton, Bart., D.C.L, F.R.S., M.P., &c.\n\n  _Honorary Directors._\n  The Hon. J. Master Owen Byng.\n  William Coningham, Esq.\n  William Ewart, Esq., M.P.\n  Charles Kemble, Esq.\n  Edward Miall, Esq., M.P.\n  Benjamin Oliveira, Esq., M.P.\n  Apsley Pellatt, Esq., M.P.\n  Henry Pownall, Esq.\n  Wm. Scholefield, Esq., M.P.\n  The Hon. C. Pelham Villiers, M.P.\n  James Wyld, Esq.\n\n  _Treasurer._\n  Sir John Dean Paul, Bart.\n\n  _Trustees._\n  Thomas J. Arnold, Esq.\n  Herbert Ingram, Esq.\n  F.G.P. Nelson, Esq., F.L.S.\n\n  _Auditors._\n  Alexander Richmond, Esq.\n  William Smalley, Esq.\n\n  _Business Directors._\n  _Chairman._--Lieut.-General Palby, C.B.\n  _Deputy-Chairman._--J. Stirling Coyne, Esq.\n\n  Bayle Bernard, Esq.\n  Shirley Brooks, Esq.\n  W. Downing Bruce, Esq.\n  J. B. Buckstone, Esq.\n  Thornton Hunt, Esq.\n  G. H. Lewes, Esq.\n  Cyrus Redding, Esq.\n  Angus B. Reach, Esq.\n\n  _Managing Director._\n  F. G. Tomlins, Esq.\n\n  _Secretary._\n  Wm. Dalton, Esq.\n\n  _Solicitor._\n  G. E. Dennes, Esq., F.L.S.\n\n  _Consulting Actuary._\n  R. Thompson Jopling, Esq., F.S.S.\n\n  _Bankers._\n  Messrs. Strahan, Paul, Paul, and Bates. 217. Strand.\n\n  _Agent._\n  Mr. C. Mitchell, Newspaper Press Directory Office, Red Lion Court, Fleet\n      Street.\n\nCONSTITUTION.\n\nThe Athen\u00e6um Institute is legally incorporated as a Mutual Benefit Society,\nand the rank and public status of its Vice-Presidents, Honorary Directors,\nTrustee, and Treasurer, and the well-known character of its business\nDirectors, present a security to Authors, Journalists, and all connected\nwith Literature, that it is based on sound principles, and will be\nconducted with fidelity and honour.\n\nIt consists of two classes of Supporters.\n\n    _Non-Participating or Honorary Subscribers_, who, it is hoped, may\n    include THE ROYAL FAMILY and great Officers of the state, on account of\n    the political and moral influences of Authors; NOBLEMEN and MEN OF\n    FORTUNE who have manifested a marked predilection for Literature;\n    AUTHORS OF FORTUNE and others sympathising with, and interested in the\n    labours of literary men.\n\n    _Participating Subscribers_, consisting of PROFESSIONAL AUTHORS, and\n    that large mass of writers who produce the current literature of the\n    age in Works of Science, Imagination, Education, and the Periodical and\n    Newspaper Press of the Empire.\n\nThe Constitution of the Society is such that the general body of its\nmembers hold the directing power. The Board of Business Directors is\nelected by it, and their powers and duties, as well as those of the\nofficers, are clearly defined by the laws and rules of the Institute, which\nare in strict conformity with the elaborate requirements of the Friendly\nSocieties' Act (14th and 15th Victoria, chap. 115.).\n\nTHE QUALIFICATION OF MEMBERSHIP is authorship in some shape, but a large\nand liberal will be the most just interpretation of the term. As close a\ndefinition as can be given perhaps is, that it intends to include all who\nuse the pen with an intellectual aim, women as well as men. The printed\nforms (which can be had on application) will show more minutely what is\nrequired to constitute membership.\n\nREVENUE.\n\nThe distinguishing feature of the Institute is its applying the principle\nof Life Assurance in all its transactions.\n\nThe _Subscriptions_ of the _Honorary Subscribers_ are applied to an\nAssurance of the Life of the Donors.\n\nFor instance,--The Right Honourable Benjamin Disraeli, Esq., sends a\nDonation of Twenty-five Pounds, which is immediately invested on an\nAssurance on his life, and will ultimately produce to the Institute an\nEndowment of 42l. Or to take another instance,--The Right Hon. Lord\nViscount Goderich subscribes Two Guineas per year, which is invested in\nlike manner on an Assurance on his life, and will ultimately Endow the\nInstitute with 100l. And thus the Honorary Subscriptions, instead of being\nspent as soon as received, are made to form a Capital Fund, which will be\nultimately available, as the Lives fall in, to the Provident Members and\nParticipating Subscribers.\n\nThe application of the subscriptions of the Honorary Members to assuring\ntheir lives, has these advantages:--It tends to create a large capital\nfund--It enables the Honorary subscribers to see that the undertaking is\nsuccessful, before their money is expended--It transforms such\nsubscriptions from being an alms-giving for personal purposes, into an\nEndowment for the general benefit of Literature--It is not like most alms\nsubscriptions to go in casual relief, but to produce a permanent result;\nsuch as the foundation of a Hall and chambers, and ultimately the complete\norganisation of Literature as a recognised profession; to endow permanent\nannuities, and otherwise aid Literature by succouring Authors.\n\nBy this arrangement a very strong inducement is given to the Working\nLiterary Men to subscribe to this Institute and Society beyond all others:\nas they will not only have all the benefits and profits arising from their\nown subscriptions, but participate in the Capital Fund, which, there can be\nno doubt, will be augmented by Donations, Legacies, and Endowments. There\nis also the special advantage peculiar to such an Institution, of\nNOMINATING A WIFE OR CHILD to receive immediately the Amount ASSURED at\ndecease IRRESPECTIVE OF ALL OTHER CLAIMS.\n\n_The Subscriptions of the Participating Class_ are as follows:--\n\nONE GUINEA must be subscribed by every member, which goes towards the\nexpenses of the Institute and the support of the Philanthropic Fund. For\nthis he is entitled to be a candidate for assistance from the Philanthropic\nFund; has a Vote at all the General Meetings of the Institute; and will be\nentitled to certain benefits from the Education and Protective Branches of\nthe Institute when they are brought into operation.\n\nEVERY GUINEA SUBSCRIBED ANNUALLY _beyond_ the first Guinea above mentioned,\nproduces the Subscriber an Assurance on his life, according to the Tables\nspecially calculated by the Consulting Actuary of the Institute, and which\nare in compliance with the Act of Parliament regulating such matters. The\nPolicies are issued by the Institute under the Friendly Societies' Act, and\nwhich are legally guaranteed by the Athen\u00e6um Life Assurance Society, which,\nalso appealing more particularly to Literary and Scientific Men, has made\nan arrangement that is liberal and advantageous to the Athen\u00e6um Institute.\n\nBy this arrangement every Provident Member is equally safe, whether the\nmembers of the Institute be few or many.\n\nOne Subscriber is thus rendered as secure as a thousand.\n\nAnnual Subscribers of Two Guineas or more are entitled to become Directors:\nand in awarding relief, regard will always be had to the amount subscribed.\n\nIt will be perceived by these arrangements, that every member of the\nAthen\u00e6um Institute has the full value returned to him of _every_ Guinea\nsubscribed _beyond_ the first, in a Policy on his life; and that he also\nhas a participation in the Capital Fund formed by the Subscriptions,\nDonations, and Endowments of the Honorary Subscribers; a privilege which it\nis probable will add from fifty to a hundred per cent. to his individual\ncontributions.\n\nThe Friendly Societies' Act, under which the Institute is registered, will\nnot permit a member to make an Assurance beyond 100l., the Institute is\ntherefore limited to this amount: but the Athen\u00e6um Life Assurance Society,\nwhich so liberally assists the Institute, will insure to any amount, and in\nany mode. It is desirable that the members of the Institute should assure\nup to the 100l. allowed by the Act, and the Tables will shew the annual\namount required, according to the Age of the Subscriber. The power of\nNOMINATING A WIFE OR CHILD, irrespective of all other claimants, is also a\ngreat inducement to assure in the Institute to the utmost amount, namely,\n100l.\n\nIt is contemplated, as the Institute progresses, to add PROTECTIVE and\nEDUCATIONAL Branches.\n\nThe union of numbers has established the various Commercial and\nPhilanthropic Institutions of the Empire, and it is earnest urged that\nAuthors and Journalists should take advantage of their numbers. Nothing can\nbe accomplished without numbers--with them everything. The appeal now made\nis universal in its application to Literary workers, and it is hoped it\nwill be responded to so as to neutralise all cliquism, whether arising from\nliterary sectarianism, or the antagonism of political sentiments.\n\n  F. G. TOMLINS, Manager,\n      30. Sackville Street, London.\n\n*** Members are admitted by the Directors (who meet monthly) according to\nforms which will be transmitted on application.\n\nPost Office Orders to be made payable to the Managing Director at Charing\nCross Money Order Office.\n\nThe Rules of the Institute, as legally drawn up by high professional\nauthority, and as certified by the Registrar, can be had, price 1s. 6d., or\n2s. by post, pre-paid.\n\nProspectuses (with Tables calculated especially for this Society) may be\nhad, gratis, at the Office, 30. Sackville Street, or of Mr. Charles\nMitchell, Agent to the Institute, Newspaper Press Directory Office, 12. Red\nLion Court, Fleet Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{228}\n\n  ALBEMARLE STREET,\n  March, 1853.\n\nMR. MURRAY'S LIST OF NEW WORKS.\n\nI.\n\nDISCOVERIES in the RUINS OF NINEVEH AND BABYLON: with Travels in Armenia,\nKurdistan and the Desert: being the Result of a Second Expedition to\nAssyria. By AUSTIN H. LAYARD, M.P. With nearly 400 Plates and Woodcuts. One\nVolume. 8vo. 21s. (On Tuesday.)\n\nII.\n\nTHE NINEVEH MONUMENTS (SECOND SERIES): consisting of SCULPTURES,\nBAS-RELIEFS, VASES, and BRONZES, chiefly from the PALACE of SENNACHERIB. 70\nPlates. Folio (Shortly.)\n\nIII.\n\nA TREATISE ON MILITARY BRIDGES, and the PASSAGE OF RIVERS IN MILITARY\nOPERATIONS. By GEN. SIR HOWARD DOUGLAS, Bart. Third Edition, enlarged.\nPlates. 8vo. (Next Week.)\n\nIV.\n\nTWO VISITS TO THE TEA COUNTRIES of CHINA, and the BRITISH TEA PLANTATIONS\nin the HIMALAYA, with Narrative of Adventures, and Description of the\nCulture of the Tea Plant, &c. By ROBERT FORTUNE. Third Edition. Woodcuts. 2\nVols. Post 8vo. 18s. (On Tuesday.)\n\nV.\n\nTHE STORY OF JOAN OF ARC. By LORD MAHON. Fcap. 8vo. 1s. (Murray's \"Railway\nReading.\")\n\nVI.\n\nCRIME: ITS AMOUNT, CAUSES, and REMEDIES. By FREDERIC HILL, late Inspector\nof Prisons. 8vo. 12s.\n\nVII.\n\nMY HOME IN TASMANIA, during a Residence of Nine Years. By MRS. CHARLES\nMEREDITH, Author of \"Notes and Sketches of New South Wales.\" Woodcuts. 2\nVols. Post 8vo. 18s.\n\nVIII.\n\nLIVES OF THE EARLS OF ESSEX, in the Reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and\nCharles I. Including many unpublished Letters and Documents. By HON. CAPT.\nDEVEREUX, R.N. 2 Vols. 8vo. 30s.\n\nIX.\n\nTHE FALL OF JERUSALEM. By REV. H. M. MILMAN, Dean of St. Paul's. Fcap. 8vo.\n1s. (Murray's \"Railway Reading.\")\n\nX.\n\nLIVES OF LORDS FALKLAND, CAPEL, AND HERTFORD, the Friends and\nContemporaries of Lord Chancellor Clarendon. By LADY THERESA LEWIS. 3 Vols.\n8vo. 42s.\n\nXI.\n\nHISTORY OF THE ROMAN STATE. By LUIGI FARINI. Translated by the RIGHT HON.\nW. E. GLADSTONE, M.P. Vol. III. 8vo. 12s.\n\nXII.\n\nA CHURCH DICTIONARY. By REV. DR. HOOK, Vicar of Leeds. Sixth Edition,\nenlarged. 8vo. 16s.\n\nXIII.\n\nTHE PERIL OF PORTSMOUTH; or, FRENCH FLEETS AND ENGLISH FORTS. By JAMES\nFERGUSON, Esq. Third Edition, with Additions. With Two Plans. 8vo. 3s.\n\nXIV.\n\nRATIONAL ARITHMETIC. For Schools and Young Persons. By MRS. G. R. PORTER.\n12mo. 3s. 6d.\n\nXV.\n\nTRAVELS AND RESEARCHES IN ASIA MINOR, and LYCIA. By SIR CHARLES FELLOWS.\nNew Edition. Post 8vo. 9s.\n\nXVI.\n\nThe RIVER, MOUNTAINS, and SEA COAST of YORKSHIRE. By JOHN PHILLIPS, F.R.S.\n36 Plates. 8vo. 15s.\n\nXVII.\n\nHISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the PEACE OF UTRECHT to the PEACE OF VERSAILLES,\n1713-83. By LORD MAHON. Third Edition, revised. Vols. I. and II. Post 8vo.\n6s. each. (Published alternate months, and to be completed in Seven Vols.)\n\nXVIII.\n\nA NAVAL and MILITARY TECHNICAL DICTIONARY OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE. By\nLIEUT-COL. BURN, R.A. Crown 8vo. 15s.\n\nXIX.\n\nHANDBOOK of FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS. From English Authors. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s.\n\nA HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, living and fossil, with Descriptions\nof all the Species, and Abstracts of the Systems of Ehrenberg, Dujardin,\nK\u00fctzing, Siebold, &c. By ANDREW PRITCHARD, ESQ., M.R.I.\n\nAlso, price 5s.,\n\nA GENERAL HISTORY OF ANIMALCULES, with 500 Engravings.\n\nAlso, price 8s. 6d.,\n\nMICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Microscopes.\n\n  London: WHITTAKER & CO.,\n  Ave Maria Lane.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE FIRST NUMBER of the MONTHLY JOURNAL OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY will be\npublished on March 3.\n\nAll communications to be sent to the Council, at No. 4. Trafalgar Square,\nCharing Cross.\n\nMembers are requested to send their Addresses, that the Journal may be\nforwarded to them; and those who have not paid their first Subscriptions\nshould do so immediately.\n\nThe Ordinary General Meetings will be held at the Society of Arts, John\nStreet, Adelphi, the first Thursday in each Month, during the Session, at 8\no'Clock, precisely. The next Meeting on Thursday, 3rd March.\n\nAdvertisements for the First Number of the Journal cannot be inserted\nunless sent to the Publishers before 2 o'clock on Monday, the 28th\nFebruary.\n\nTAYLOR & FRANCIS, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHOMAS BAKER'S CATALOGUE of Cheap and Valuable SECOND-HAND BOOKS, including\nthe entire THEOLOGICAL LIBRARY of a Clergyman deceased, may be had Gratis\non application.\n\n19. Goswell Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCATALOGUE OF ELZEVIR and other CLASSICS; Books from Pugin's Library; and\nMiscellaneous, Curious, and Cheap English and Foreign Books. Also a\nCatalogue of Cheap Engravings (No. 90. for March) will be sent Gratis and\nPostage Free, Town or Country, on application to W. S. LINCOLN, Cheltenham\nHouse, Westminster Road, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJUST PUBLISHED.--A Catalogue of VALUABLE BOOKS from the Libraries of the\nlate KING LOUIS-PHILIPPE, from the Palais-Royal and the Chateau de Neuilly,\nof the Earl of MOUNTNORRIS (Lord VALENTIA the Traveller), including some\nrare EARLY MANUSCRIPT VOYAGES, H. SALT'S ORIGINAL DRAWINGS, ETC., and\nothers lately bought by THOMAS KERSLAKE, Bookseller, No. 3. Park Street,\nBRISTOL, will be franked to any Gentleman's address accompanied by Four\nStamps for Postage.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMAITLAND ON THE PROPHECIES OF ANTICHRIST.\n\nIn 8vo., price 2s. 6d. (by post 3s.), the second edition, enlarged, of\n\nAN ATTEMPT TO ELUCIDATE THE PROPHECIES CONCERNING ANTICHRIST: with Remarks\non some Works of J. H. Frere, Esq. By the REV. S. R. MAITLAND, D.D.,\nF.R.S., & F.S.A., sometime Librarian to the late Archbishop of Canterbury,\nand Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth.\n\nRIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNEW VOLUME OF ARNOLD'S SCHOOL CLASSICS.--CICERO.\n\nJust published, price 5s. 6d.\n\nSELECTIONS from CICERO. Part IV.: De FINIBUS MALORUM et BONORUM: (on the\nSUPREME GOOD.) With a Preface, and English Notes, partly from Madvig and\nothers, by the REV. JAMES BEAVEN, D.D., late Professor of Theology in\nKing's College, Toronto.\n\nRIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;\n\nOf whom may be had (in the same Series),\n\nSELECTIONS from CICERO, with ENGLISH NOTES, viz.;\n\nPART I. ORATIONS: the Fourth against Verres; the Orations against Catiline;\nand that for the Poet Archias. 4s.\n\nPART II. EPISTLES: arranged in the order of time; with Accounts of the\nConsuls, events of each year, &c. 5s.\n\nPART III. TUSCULAN DISPUTATIONS (Entire). 5s. 6d.\n\n    \"The Notes abound in critical and philological remarks of great value.\n    They are copious without being redundant, clearly expressed, and always\n    to the point. All allusions and technical expressions are fully\n    explained. A master's hand is discernible in the translations\n    occasionally given of particular portions that present any\n    difficulty.\"--Athen\u00e6um.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, February 26. 1853.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 174, February 26, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":30637}