{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42792/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42792","id":"gutenberg_42792","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42792","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Category: Reports & Conference Proceedings","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"{277}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 177.]\nSATURDAY, MARCH 19. 1853\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                    Page\n  Inedited Letters of General Green and of Washington, by\n    Edward Foss                                                277\n\n  On a Passage in the \"Domestic Architecture of England:\"\n    Surnames, by Joseph Burtt                                  278\n\n  Samuel Taylor Coleridge                                      280\n\n  FOLK LORE:--The ancient Custom of Well-flowering--Devil's\n    Marks in Swine--Festival of Baal                           280\n\n  Lord Monboddo, by W. L. Nichols                              281\n\n  St. Valentine                                                281\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--His Excellency David Hartley--The Life and\n    Correspondence of S. T. Coleridge--An old Riddle--The\n    Word \"rather\"--In Jesum Cruci affixum                      282\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Corbet Peerage, by Lord Monson                               283\n\n  The Duke of Wellington a Mar\u00e9chal de France, by\n    Henry H. Breen                                             283\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--Prophecy in Hoveden--A Skating Problem--\n    \"Rap and read for\"--\"The wee brown Hen\"--Deprived\n    Bishops of Scotland, 1638--Passage in Carlyle--Madagascar\n    Poetry--Ink--Hamilton Queries--Derivation of Windfall--Do\n    the Sun's Rays put out the Fire?--Denmark and Slavery--\n    Spontaneous Combustion--Bucks, most ancient and\n    honourable Society of--Lines quoted by Charles Lamb--\n    Descendants of Dr. Bill--\"The Rebellious Prayer\"--\n    Ravenshaw and his Works                                    284\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Yolante de Dreux--Bishop\n    Francis Turner--Raleigh's History                          286\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Epitaphs, by George S. Masters, Edw. Hawkins, &c.            287\n\n  Throwing old Shoes for Luck, by W. Pinkerton, &c.            288\n\n  Owen Glyndwr [Owen ap Griffith Vychan, Lord of Glyndwrdwy]   288\n\n  Coleridge's Christabel: \"Christobell, a Gothic Tale\"         292\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHICS NOTES AND QUERIES:--Economical Way of\n    Iodizing Paper--Queries on Sir W. Newton's Process--\n    Suggestion to Photographers                                293\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Portrait of Pope--Conundrum--\n    Herb\u00e9's \"Costume Fran\u00e7ais\"--Curious Fact in Natural\n    Philosophy--\"Haud cum Jesu itis, qui itis cum Jesuitis\"\n    --Tradescant Family--Arms of Joan d'Arc--Jud\u00e6us Odor--\n    Philip d'Auvergne--Dr. Parr's A. E. A. O.--Jewish\n    Lineaments--Sotadic Verses--Bells at Funerals--Collar\n    of SS.--Dr. Marshall--Shelton Oak--\"God and the\n    world\"--Dreng--Meals--Richardson or Murphy                 294\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 298\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    298\n\n  Advertisements                                               299\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nINEDITED LETTERS OF GENERAL GREEN AND OF WASHINGTON.\n\nThe letters of great men are always interesting, more particularly when\nthey are connected with important historical facts. I presume, therefore,\nthat those I subjoin from General Washington and General Green will not be\nunwelcome to your readers. They were among the papers of an officer, long\ndeceased, who at the time was aide-de-camp to Sir Guy Carlton, the\ncommander-in-chief of our army in America; and were, I presume, intercepted\nbefore they reached their respective destinations.\n\n    \"_General Green to General Washington._\n\n     \"Head Quarters on Ashley River,\n      May 31st, 1782.\n\n     \"Sir,\n\n    \"I had the honor of informing your Excellency, in a letter of the 19th\n    instant, that a dangerous spirit of discontent had been discovered in\n    the army, and of the measures I took to suppress it. I am happy to\n    inform you that this spirit seems entirely to have subsided, as the\n    persons who fomented it are removed at a distance from the troops: and,\n    as we have now a prospect of some cloathing, and more comfortable\n    supplies, I hope it will no more appear.\n\n    \"Your Excellency has been informed of the late important and\n    interesting changes in the face of affairs.--The arrival of Sir Guy\n    Carlton, and the change of ministers and measures, will open a new\n    field of hopes for this country. How far we may be benefited by it, a\n    little time will determine; but it will inevitably be attended with one\n    bad consequence, as it will relax our preparation for a continuance of\n    the war, which, to me, appears extremely probable. General Leslie has\n    made overtures, and a proposition for a suspension of hostilities; I do\n    myself the honor to inclose you copies of his letter, and my answer on\n    the subject, from which you will see the ground on which it stands. I\n    wait most anxiously for advices from Congress or your Excellency, by\n    which my conduct in the business must be ultimately directed. I suppose\n    this measure has been adopted {278} by Sir Guy Carlton, and proposed to\n    your Excellency; but, as I am entirely at a loss to know on what\n    conditions, and what purposes it has to answer, I can form no\n    conclusive opinion on its propriety.\n\n    \"I am sanguine that the operations against Jamaica will go on,\n    notwithstanding the late misfortune, which seems to be rather a\n    splendid than useful victory to the enemy. And as Count de Guichen, who\n    has arrived with a considerable squadron, and taken the command of the\n    combined fleets in the West Indies, is still much superior to the\n    British, we have good reason to hope the enterprise may succeed.\n\n    \"Inclosed, I transmit your Excellency the Report of Brigadier-General\n    Wayne of a considerable skirmish in Georgia, wherein Lieut.-Col. Brown,\n    with four or five hundred men, were defeated. The plan was judicious,\n    and executed in a manner that does great honor both to the general and\n    the troops. It will have very happy consequences in impressing the\n    Indians with an idea of our superior power, and in the destruction of\n    their cavalry.\n\n    \"The enemy continue their camp, entrenched at the Quarter House, in a\n    strong position. Their patroles of horse, and ours, frequently go over\n    the same ground. Captain Armstrong of the Legion, and Captain Gill of\n    the fourth regiment, with about forty dragoons of Lieut.-Colonel\n    Laurens's command, fell in with a troop of their horse two days ago,\n    and took an officer, eight men, and ten horses, without suffering any\n    other in injury than two men wounded.\n\n     \"With the highest esteem and regard,\n          I have the honor to [be]\n            Your Excellency's\n              Most Obedient\n                Humble Servant,\n                      NATH. GREEN.\n\n      His Excellency,\n        General Washington.\"\n\n    \"_General Washington to Governor Livingston._\n\n     \"Head Quarters, Newburgh,\n      July 3rd, 1782.\n\n     \"Sir,\n\n    \"From the inclosed information of Captain Stevens, there is reason to\n    apprehend the business of driving cattle to the enemy is carrying on\n    with great art and assiduity; it would be a happy circumstance if the\n    villains concerned in it could be detected. I have therefore to propose\n    to your Excellency, that you will be pleased to take such precautions\n    as you shall judge best calculated to learn whether any such cattle are\n    passing in droves, or smaller parcels (for they may be divided on the\n    road), to the enemy.\n\n    \"If your Excellency should hear of them before they turn off towards\n    New York, I think it would be advisable to employ some trusty man or\n    men to dog and follow them privately, until the fact is ascertained;\n    otherwise, it is to be feared, no positive proof of the intention of\n    the people engaged in this infamous trade can be obtained.\n\n    \"I sincerely wish every practicable plan may be attempted for seizing\n    the cattle, apprehending and bringing to condign punishment the men; as\n    this would tend essentially to frustrate the insidious schemes of our\n    enemies, as well as deter their other agents from similar practices.\n\n     \"I have the honor to be,\n          With perfect respect,\n              Your Excellency's\n            Most Obedient Servant,\n                  GO. WASHINGTON.\n\n    \"P.S.--I am honor'd with your Excellency's letter of the 24th June.\n\n    \"His Excellency Gov. Livingston.\"\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON A PASSAGE IN THE \"DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF ENGLAND.\"--SURNAMES.\n\nIn this work, to the justly high character of which I need scarcely refer,\nthe \"General Remarks\" relating to the periods under consideration are full\nof information of the most interesting kind, as they often contain\nillustrations of manners and customs not to be met with elsewhere.\n\nIn a portion of the \"Remarks\" illustrative of the thirteenth century,\nshowing the difficulty and insecurity of travelling at that time (pp.\n120-122.), there is, however, an incorrect rendering of an extract from an\noriginal document; and this error seriously affects the \"illustration\"\nafforded by it. As I am in some degree personally involved in the matter,\nhaving supplied the material in its original shape, I may perhaps be\npermitted fully to explain and correct the passage. My only regret is, that\nI had not the opportunity of calling my friend's attention to the subject\nbefore the sheets were finally struck off. The extract is from an Account\nof the Chamberlain of Chester, 29-30 Edw. I., showing how the sum of 1000l.\nwas transmitted from Chester to London. After referring to the convoy for\nthe treasure:\n\n    \"It was not sufficient, however,\" says the late Mr. Turner, \"that the\n    money should be protected; in the absence of hostels, except in towns,\n    it was necessary to secure the guards from hunger. _Therefore they were\n    accompanied by two cooks_, who provided 'a safe lodging' daily for the\n    money; and, as a matter of course, _provided for the culinary\n    necessities of its conductors_.\"\n\nIt will be seen that upon the word rendered \"cooks\" depends the whole value\nof this passage, {279} as evidence of the road-side necessities of the\nperiod. That word, however, does not bear such a construction; although, at\nfirst sight, nothing would be more natural than to render it so. It is\nwritten in the original \"cok',\" contracted; and to those conversant with\nmedi\u00e6val Latin, it is known to express \"cokinus--coquinus,\" _Gallic\u00e8_\n\"coquin:\" a word derived from \"coquus,\" and _not_ that word itself. It\noccurs commonly enough in the Royal Wardrobe Accounts, and means simply \"a\nmessenger.\"[1] For those who have not the opportunity of referring to\noriginal documents, there is a very good account of the persons so\ndesignated supplied by the _Liber quotidianus Contrarotulatoris Garderob\u00e6,\nanno 28 Edw. I._, edited by John Topham, Esq., in 1787, from the original\nin the library of the Society of Antiquaries. It is referred to in the note\nto the Post Office Report as containing the words Cokinus, Nuncius, and\nGarcio, used apparently in one sense. At p. 280. is an account of payments\nunder the heading \"Titulus de expens' nuncior' et cok' Regis Edwardi,\" &c.,\nand in the glossary this explanation of the word is given:\n\n    \"COKINUS, COQUINUS.--'Homo vilissimus nec nisi infimis conquin\u00e6\n    ministeriis natus,' says Ducange. Charpentier adds _beggar_. Here it\n    means the lowest kind of messengers or errand-boys, like _sculls_ or\n    _scullions_ in colleges.\"\n\nBut this is too low an estimate of the class.\n\nHaving disposed of this passage, I wish now to draw the attention of your\nreaders who have taken part or interest in the late discussion in your\npages upon certain surnames, to the bearing which this extract, and others\nexpressive of the individuals there referred to, has upon that numerous\nseries of names ending in \"cock;\" about which so many, and, for these\nregenerate days, some singular suggestions have been made. The discussion\nwas, I believe, commenced in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for May, 1837; and,\nin the number for the same month in the following year, J. G. N. suggested\nthat many of those names might be referred to forms of \"Coc, koc, le coq,\nwhich occur in records as abbreviations of coquus, cocus--cook.\"\n\nHow cavalierly the suggestions thus afforded by Mr. Urban's pages were\ntreated by Mr. Lower, your readers will see who refer to the pages of that\ngentleman's work upon _English Surnames_, indicated in the author's last\ncommunication to you (\"N. &. Q.,\" Vol. v., p. 509.). But their faith in the\nimprovement \"N. & Q.\" has so greatly contributed to effect in such matters,\nwill not however let them be deterred by the terms there used from pursuing\nthe subject. It will be seen that my present contribution will modify the\nview taken by J. G. N., but also, to a considerable extent, support it.\n\nI am not aware that any attempt has been made to show how early these names\nwere used. I can refer to several instances of the names \"Wilcoc\" or\n\"Willecok,\" and \"Badecok,\" two complete examples of the kind, in the\ndocuments of the reign of Edward I.\n\nThose of your readers who are members of the Camden Society have now before\nthem a copy of a document in which the first of those names occurs several\ntimes. I refer to the small Household Roll of John of Brabant while at the\nEnglish court, which is printed in the last volume of the Camden Society's\n_Miscellany_.\n\nNo one doubts that by far the greater part of the names in question were\noriginally corrupted forms of Christian names, with a suffix. Mr. Lower has\ndone good service in showing thus much. And any one who refers to the list\nin the Royal Wardrobe Account of 28 Edw. I., and especially those who can\nalso consult other similar manuscripts, will admit that it would be quite\npossible that any Christian name might have been so used; so numerous must\nhave been the class of persons called \"cokini.\" I will not further trespass\nupon your space with specimens of names so manufactured, as they can be\nformed with ease upon the first name \"Wilcoc\" from \"Wille le cok,\"--the\ncontracting mark being dropped. The final letter \"k\" is of importance, as\ndistinguishing the derivative from the parent word \"coquus;\" from what\nperiod, and _why_, is doubtful. That there is but little early documentary\nevidence of the names in their complete state, might be attributed to the\ninferior class of the individuals so designated.\n\nMr. Lower's sole explanation of the terminal in question is, that it is a\ndiminutive like \"kin;\" and in justice to that view, I must not pass over\nthe evidence afforded by the Brabant Roll of a case where the two names\nseem to be interchanged. One of Prince John's pages is named on the roll\n\"Hankin\" (p. 7. line 3.); while, on the Wardrobe Account three years\nprevious, where the servants are specified by name, \"Hancock\" is there, who\nis most likely the same person. It will also be seen, that whereas in the\nWardrobe Account the armourer's name is \"Giles,\" and the barber's \"Walter\"\n(see notes to the Brabant Roll), the foreign scribe of the account dubs\nthem \"Gilkin\" {280} and \"Woterkin.\" In following up his argument upon this\nsubject, Mr. Lower speaks of a person being called \"Little Wilcock,\" as an\ninstance of complete tautology: if, however, it is meant by this (as it\nseems to be), that a diminutive name was only applied to a diminutive in\nperson, or only expressed such a one, I am sure he will find very many\ndiffer from him, as affection or familiarity was at least as likely to have\noriginated its use. Thus, Peter de Gaveston would surely not be deprived of\nhis knightly fame because he was called by Prince Edward \"Perot\" (Pierrote\n_a_ Pierre). Thus also came \"Amyot\" from Amy, \"Launcelot\" from Laurence,\n\"Gillot\" from Giles. And \"kin\" has as much right to be so considered. But\nthere being already these two diminutives in ordinary use as to names of\npersons, there surely was no occasion to apply to the same purpose a\nsyllable which (with a mark of contraction) certainly had a direct meaning,\nand expressed a vocation; and which has very rarely been otherwise used in\na diminutive sense.\n\nMy object is not so much to advocate any particular solution as regards\nthese names, as to submit evidence bearing upon the subject, with such\nexplanations as have occurred to me.\n\nJOSEPH BURTT.\n\n[Footnote 1: In the _Report from the Select Committee_ (of the House of\nCommons) _on the Post Office_ in 1844, Sir F. Palgrave makes the following\nnote on the word _Cokinus_, which occurs in some documents supplied to the\nCommittee, and printed in their Appendix:\n\n\"The word _Cokinus_, in the Wardrobe Accounts of the latter half of the\nthirteenth century, is used to signify a 'messenger;' but in what the\nCokinus differed from the Nuncius and the Garcio--the other terms employed\nin their accounts to signify the bearers of letters or messages--does not\nappear.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE.\n\nThe habit of this celebrated author, to annotate in the margins of books\nwhich he was reading, must be well known to many of the subscribers of \"N.\n& Q.\"\n\nI have in my possession a curious little volume of notes, &c. in Mr.\nColeridge's handwriting, of course very highly prized, from which extracts\nwere made in vol. i. pp. 274-5., &c. of Coleridge's _Literary Remains_,\ncollected and edited by his nephew, H. N. Coleridge, Esq., 4 vols., 1836:\nPickering.\n\nBut, in addition to this volume, I have a few with S. T. Coleridge's\npencillings in the margins. The following is selected from Dr. Parr's\ncelebrated _Spital Sermon_, and is appended to one of his (Dr. Parr's)\nnotes, wherein he says:\n\n    \"Upon the various effects of superstition, where it has spread widely\n    and thriven long, we can reason from facts. But in the original frame\n    of the human mind, and in the operation of all those usual causes which\n    regulate our conduct or affect our happiness, there seems to be a most\n    active, constant, and invincible principle of _resistance_ to the\n    approachments of atheism. 'All nature cries aloud' against them,\n    'through all her works,' not in speculation only, but in practice.\"\n\nMr. Coleridge's annotation upon the foregoing opinion of the learned Doctor\nis as follows; and I select it as a specimen of Coleridge's astonishing\nrecollection of any opinions he had formerly promulgated, which might have\ncalled any laxity of principle, religious, moral, or political, into doubt,\nand of his extreme anxiety to refute or explain them:\n\n    \"I never had even a doubt in _my being_ concerning the supreme Mind;\n    but understand too sufficiently the difficulty of any intellectual\n    demonstrations of his existence, and see too plainly how inevitably the\n    principles of many pious men (Locke, Priestley, Hartley, even\n    Archbishop King) would lead to atheism by fair production of\n    consequences, not to feel in perfect charity with all good men, atheist\n    or theist; and, let me add, though I now seem to feel firm ground of\n    _reason_ under my belief in God, not gratefully to attribute my uniform\n    past _theism_ more to general feeling than to depth of understanding.\n    Within this purpose I hope that, without offence, I may declare my\n    conviction, that in the French Revolution atheism was an effect, not a\n    cause; that the same wicked men, under other circumstances and\n    fashions, would have done the same things as Anabaptists within\n    Munster, or as Inquisitors among the South American Indians; and that\n    atheism from conviction, and as a ruling motive and impulse (in which\n    case only can it be fairly compared with superstition), is a quiescent\n    state and _per se_ harmless to all but the atheist himself. Rather is\n    it that overwhelming preference of experimental philosophy, which, by\n    smothering over more delicate perceptions, and debilitating often to\n    impotence the faculty of going into ourselves, leads to atheism as a\n    conscious creed, and in its extreme is atheism in its essence. This\n    rather is, I should deem, the more perilous, and a plainer and better\n    object for philosophical attack. O! bring back _Jack the Giant Killer_\n    and the _Arabian Nights_ to our children, and Plato and his followers\n    to new men, and let us have chemistry as we have watchmakers or\n    surgeons (I select purposely honourable and useful callings), as a\n    _division_ of human labour, as worthy profession for a few, not as a\n    glittering master-feature of the education of men, women, and\n    children.--S. T. C.\"\n\nJ. M. G.\n\nWorcester.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_The ancient Custom of Well-flowering._--At Tissington, near Ashbourne,\nDerbyshire, annually, on Ascension Day, a beautiful ceremony called the\n\"well-flowering\" takes place; and in it Psalms used by the Church of\nEngland are partially employed. It is a popular recognition of the value of\nthose \"perpetual fountains which gush out from below the dry wolds and\nlimestone hills, bearing life and beauty on their course,--objects,\"\nremarks Professor Phillips in his admirable work on _The Rivers, Mountains,\nand Sea Coasts of Yorkshire_ (recently published), \"on which rustic love\nand admiration may tastefully bestow the emblematic flowers and grateful\nsongs, which constituted a pleasing form of popular worship in the earlier\nages of the world.\" Perhaps some correspondents of \"N. & Q.\" may be enabled\nto mention other {281} villages besides Tissington in which this innocent\nand pleasing custom is still observed. I am aware that there are many\nplaces, especially in the north of England, in which a rustic celebration\ntakes place annually at wells sacred from olden time; but is not the\n\"well-flowering\" a distinct custom?\n\nWM. SIDNEY GIBSON.\n\nNewcastle.\n\n_Devil's Marks in Swine._--\"We don't kill a pig every day,\" but we did a\nshort time since; and after its hairs were scraped off, our attention was\ndirected to six small rings, about the size of a pea, and in colour as if\nburnt or branded, on the inside of each fore leg, and disposed\ncurvilinearly. Our labourer informed us with great gravity, and evidently\nbelieved it, that these marks were caused by the pressure of the devil's\nfingers, when he entered the herd of swine which immediately ran violently\ninto the sea.--See Mark v. 11-15.; Luke viii. 22, 33.\n\nTEE BEE.\n\n_Festival of Baal._--The late Lady Baird, of Ferntower, in Perthshire, told\nme that, every year at \"Beltane\" (or the 1st of May), a number of men and\nwomen assembled at an ancient druidical circle of stones on her property,\nnear Crieff. They light a fire in the centre; each person puts a bit of\noatcake into a shepherd's bonnet; they all sit down and draw blindfold a\npiece of cake from the bonnet. One piece has been previously blackened, and\nwhoever gets that piece has to jump through the fire in the centre of the\ncircle and to pay a forfeit. This is, in fact, a part of the ancient\nworship of Baal, and the person on whom the lot fell was formerly burnt as\na sacrifice; now, the passing through the fire represents that, and the\npayment of the forfeit redeems the victim. It is curious that staunch\nPresbyterians, as the people of that part of Perthshire now are, should\nunknowingly keep up the observance of a great heathen festival.\n\nL. M. M. R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLORD MONBODDO.\n\nIn my copy of _The Origin and Progress of Language_, I have recorded a\nlittle [Greek: anekdoton] of the author, which is now probably known to\nnobody but myself, and which you may perhaps think worth preservation. It\nwas related to me some fifteen years ago, by a learned physician of this\ncity, now deceased, who had it from Dr. James Gregory himself.\n\nIt appears that Lord Monboddo, in spite of failing health and very advanced\nage, felt a wish to pay one more visit to the English metropolis, in the\nliterary circles of which he was fond of mingling. That he had actually set\nout upon this formidable journey, was known to Dr. Gregory, who, being a\nfew hours afterwards at a short distance from Edinburgh, was a little\nsurprised to meet his venerable friend returning homewards. He was on\nhorseback, equipped in his usual travelling costume,--cocked hat, scarlet\n_roquelaure_, and jack-boots, but looking extremely ill and depressed in\nspirits. \"What, so soon returned?\" was Dr. Gregory's exclamation. \"Yes,\"\nsaid the old man, \"I feel myself quite unequal to the journey, and was just\nthinking of a passage in Horace, and adapting it to my own case.\" \"What,\n'Solve senescentem?'\" said the Doctor. \"No,\" replied his lordship, \"it is\none not quite so hackneyed.\" He then repeated, with much emotion, the\nfollowing lines from the second Satire of the second book:\n\n \"Seu recreare volet tenuatum corpus; ubique\n  Accedent anni, et tractari mollius \u00e6tas\n  Imbecilla volet.\"\n\nThis was the last time Dr. Gregory saw him out of doors, and he died not\nlong after.\n\nW. L. NICHOLS.\n\nBath.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nST. VALENTINE.\n\nThe subjoined cutting from an American newspaper (_Wooster Democrat_, Feb.\n3) will show the persistent vitality of popular follies, and at the same\ntime serve to exhibit the _peculiar_ literature of transatlantic\nadvertisements:\n\n    \"The great increase in Marriages throughout Wayne Co. during the past\n    year, is said to be occasioned by the superior excellence of the\n\n    V A L E N T I N E S\n\n    sold by George Howard. Indeed so complete was his success in this line,\n    that Cupid has again commissioned him as the 'Great High Priest' of\n    Love, Courtship, and Marriage, and has supplied George with the most\n    complete and perfect assortment of 'Love's Armor' ever before offered\n    to the citizens of Wayne County. During the past year the 'Blind God'\n    has centred his thoughts on producing something in the line far\n    surpassing anything he has heretofore issued. And it is with 'feelinks'\n    of the greatest joy that he is able to announce that he has succeeded.\n\n    'HOWARD HAS GOT THEM.\n\n    \"To those susceptible persons whose hearts were captured during the\n    past year, George refers, and advises others to call on them, and find\n    them on their way rejoicing, shouting praises to the name of Howard.\n    The 'blessings' descend unto even the third and fourth generations, and\n    it is probable that the business will go on increasing year upon year,\n    until Howard's Valentines will be a 'household word' throughout the\n    land. The children on the house-top will call to the passers-by,\n    shouting\n\n    HOWARD'S VALENTINES!\n\n    while the cry is echoed from the ground, and swelling over hill and\n    vale reverberates the country through.\n\n    {282} \"Remember that the only regularly authorised dispenser of Cupid's\n    goods is\n\n    GEORGE HOWARD,\n\n    \"Two doors East of the American House, Wooster, O.\n\n    \"[Pointing hand] Orders by mail promptly attended to. Prices range from\n    six cents to five dollars.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    \"VALENTINES!!\n\n    \"A large and splendid assortment of Valentines, together with all the\n    necessary fixings, for sale wholesale and retail, at the New Column\n    Building.\n\n    \"J. H. BAUMGARDNER & CO.\n\n    \"Wooster, Feb. 3, 1853.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    \"VALENTINES.--Behold St. Valentine's day is coming, and all are seeking\n    for messages to be dispatched under cover of this Saint, to friend or\n    foe. They are provided, of all kinds, styles, and varieties, ready for\n    use. The turtle dove kind, with its coo! coo! the sensibly sentimental,\n    the cutting, and severe, and in short everything that can be required.\n    Just call on George Howard or J. H. Baumgardner & Co., and you can be\n    suited to a T.\"\n\nS. R. P.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_His Excellency David Hartley._--In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of January\nlast (which I have only lately seen), there is inserted at page 8. a letter\nsigned by \"Benjamin Franklin and John Jay,\" and addressed to His Excellency\nDavid Hartley, announcing the arrival in Europe of the ratification, by the\nCongress of the United States, of the definitive treaty of peace between\nGreat Britain and the United States, and stating that they were ready to\nexchange the ratification with Mr. Hartley.\n\nIn a note prefixed to this letter, the editor of the review states that Mr.\nHartley \"then held some other diplomatic appointment from the United\nStates.\"\n\nNow this is a mistake. Mr. Hartley was the British plenipotentiary who\nsigned that treaty at Paris in September, 1783, with the American\nplenipotentiaries, and held no diplomatic appointment from the United\nStates. He was therefore the proper person to exchange the ratifications\nwith the American plenipotentiaries.\n\nThe treaty is printed at full length in Chalmers' _Collection of Treaties_,\ntogether with Mr. Hartley's _full power_ as the British plenipotentiary.\n\nJ. B.\n\n_The Life and Correspondence of S. T. Coleridge._--It is much to be\nregretted that no proper life of the \"noticeable man\" has yet appeared.\nThere is no lack of \"reminiscences,\" and \"recollections,\" and\n\"conversations,\" conveying, distorted views of his life and character, and\nexaggerated statements of his faults and failings; but his life has yet to\nbe written. And now would be the time, whilst some of his friends and\ncotemporaries are still living, to do justice to his memory. Scott,\nSouthey, Wordsworth, have had their lives copiously illustrated, and even\nlittle Tommy Moore is (_cosa stupenda_) to have _ten volumes_ devoted to\nhis life, whilst Coleridge, the myriad-minded, still waits for a\nbiographer. And who would be so suitable as Derwent Coleridge to perform\nthe office!\n\nJ. M. B.\n\n_An old Riddle._--I lately found the following mysterious verse upon a\nscrap of paper. It is of the time of Henry VIII.:\n\n \"Vj is come, v is goone, wyth thris tene beware al men\n  Vij wyth vij shall mete wyth viij^th and viij^th manye\n  A thousande shall wepe Ad parabulam hanc\n  If I shulde seye what it is I shuld have no thanke\n  For he that ne rekketh where that he steppeth\n  He may lightly wade to depe.\"\n\nJ. BT.\n\n_The Word \"rather.\"_--The word _rather_ is, as far as I know (if I am\nwrong, perhaps some of your correspondents will correct me) a solitary\ninstance in our language of a comparative regularly formed from a positive\nwhich is now obsolete. In the _Cant. Tales_, v. 13029., we find the\npositive form:\n\n \"What aileth you so _rathe_ for to arise;\"\n\nwhere _rathe_ means \"early, soon.\"\n\nThe earliest use of the comparative degree which I can find, is in a piece\nof Anglo-Norman poetry preserved in Hickes's _Thesaurus_, and given in\nEllis's _Specimens_, vol. i. p. 73.:\n\n \"The chrystal turneth into glass\n  In state that it _rather_ was.\"\n\nHere we have the adverbial form; but in Chaucer's _Troilus and Creseide_,\niii. 1342., we find the adjectival form:\n\n \"But now to purpose of my _rather_ speech,\"\n\nwhere, according to the principle laid down by Dr. Latham, in his _English\nLanguage_, p. 262., 2nd edit., we should, I suppose, pronounce it\n_rayther_.\n\nThis word has sustained various modifications of meaning, but they are in\ngeneral easily deducible from the original signification: _e.g._ the phrase\n\"I had _rather_\" is easily explained, as far as the word _rather_ is\nconcerned; for that which we do more quickly, we do preferably. But in such\nexpressions as \"I am _rather_ tired,\" equivalent to \"I am a little tired,\"\nthe explanation is not so obvious. In this case _rather_ seems to mean \"In\ngreater degree than otherwise.\" Now, in such sentences as \"I am glad you\nare come, _the rather_ that I have work for you to do,\" _rather_ seems to\nrequire the signification \"in a greater degree;\" and may we not therefore\nexplain the case in question as an elliptical expression for \"rather than\nnot?\" If {283} so, is it not a solitary instance of such a construction in\nour language? Perhaps some of your correspondents can inform me, at what\nperiod this use of the word was introduced; for it is doubtless a modern\ninnovation.\n\nERICA.\n\nWarwick.\n\n_In Jesum Cruci affixum._--\n\n \"Affixus ligno, _Salvator_, crimina mundi\n    Abstersit, patiens jussa cruenta necis;\n  Aspicite ut languore decus, turpescere membra,\n    Intimus ut sese prodat in ore dolor;\n  Auditus saxis, intellectusque ferarum\n    Sensibus, inventos Spiritus \u00e6ger abit.\n  Splendida per tenebras, subito simulacra coruscant,\n    Ardentesque micant per freta longa faces;\n  Pro servis dominus moritur, pro sontibus insons,\n    Pro \u00e6groto medicus, pro grege pastor obit,\n  Pro populo nex mactatur, pro milite ductor,\n    Proque opere ipse opifex, proque homine ipse Deus:\n  Quid servus, sons, \u00e6grotus, quid grex, populusque,\n    Quid miles, quid opus, quidve homo solvat? _Amet_.\"\n\nThe present holy season has brought to my recollection the above beautiful\nlines, which were shown up some fifty years ago, for long copy, by a\nschoolfellow at Blundell's school, Tiverton, and copied into my scrap-book.\nI think they are from the _Poemata_ of Joannes Audoenus, but am not sure of\nit; of this, however, I am sure, they cannot be better made known to the\nworld than by your excellent publication.\n\nWILLIAM COLLYNS.\n\nHarlow.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nCORBET PEERAGE.\n\nSarah, widow of Sir Vincent Corbet, Bart., was created (23rd October, 1679)\nViscountess Corbet, of Linchlade, co. Bucks, for her natural life; and in\nthe patent the preamble runs,--that his Majesty Charles II.,\n\n    \"Having taken into his royal consideration the great worth and merits\n    of the trusty and well-beloved Sarah Lady Corbet, together with the\n    faithful services of the late Sir Vincent Corbet, grants,\" &c.\n\nThis evidently explains but little of the real reason both of the grant and\nits limitation. Lady Corbet had, besides four daughters, two sons then\nliving: both in turns succeeded to the baronetcy. If the peerage were a\nreward for the services of the late Sir Vincent (those services, indeed,\nconsisting in his having been completely routed by Sir Will Brereton at\nNantwich, and afterwards with six troops of horse taken by surprise at\nDrayton, followed eventually by fine and sequestration),--if, I say, for\nthese services, nineteen years after the Restoration, and certainly three\nafter Sir Vincent's own death, the peerage were bestowed on his widow, then\nwhy was it limited for her life? Why was the unusual course taken of\nactually excluding the succession of the issue, who naturally should have\nbeen the recipients of the honour? We may conclude, therefore, the motive\nwas personal favour, \"the great worth and merits\" of Lady Corbet in fact,\nas the patent first asserts; but then the Query arises what these were.\nTradition says Lady Corbet was a beauty and a _favourite_ (the term may be\nunderstood) at a profligate court, and the peerage was the reward; but I\ncannot discover that this is more than tradition, and have never found any\ncorroborative authority even among the many scandalous histories of the\ntime, and I am most desirous to know if any such evidence can be given.\n\nIt may be as well to add that in 1679 Lady Corbet was _sixty-six_ years of\nage; but we may presume she still had attractions (unless these were only\nher rank) from the fact that two months later she remarried Sir Charles Lee\nof Billesley.\n\nMONSON.\n\nGatton Park.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE DUKE OF WELLINGTON A MAR\u00c9CHAL DE FRANCE.\n\nThe _Revue Britannique_, in its Number for November, 1852, under the head\nof \"Nouvelles des Sciences,\" gives an account of the Duke of Wellington's\nfuneral, and enumerates the titles of the illustrious deceased, as\nproclaimed on the occasion by Garter King-at-Arms. The writer marks in\nItalics those of _Duc de Brunoy en France_, _Mar\u00e9chal de France_, and\n_Chevalier du Saint-Esprit_, and then appends these remarks:\n\n    \"Que le titre de Duc de Brunoy ait \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement par Louis\n    XVIII. \u00e0 Lord Wellington, c'est croyable. Le roi pouvait cr\u00e9er ce duch\u00e9\n    en sa faveur, sans blesser aucune susceptibilit\u00e9 militaire. Mais que ce\n    prince politique ait pu nommer Mar\u00e9chal de France un g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e9tranger,\n    auquel il pr\u00e9f\u00e9rait donner le cordon du Saint-Esprit, plut\u00f4t que la\n    simple croix de la L\u00e9gion-d'Honneur, qu'on cherche en vain dans la\n    liste des Ordres dont Lord Wellington fut d\u00e9cor\u00e9, c'est plus difficile\n    \u00e0 croire, \u00e0 moins que cette nomination n'ait eu lieu avec des reserves\n    et des conditions de secret, qui auraient fort peu satisfait celui\n    qu'on supposait, sans doute, ambitieux d'un pareil honneur, puisque on\n    le lui offrait. Le nombre des Mar\u00e9chaux fut limit\u00e9 et non augment\u00e9 sous\n    la Restoration. Louis XVIII. crea une Mar\u00e9chale, il est vrai;--Si Lord\n    Wellington fut nomm\u00e9 Mar\u00e9chal, ce titre, restreint \u00e0 une qualification\n    honorifique, comme celle de la veuve de Moreau, ne put jamais lui\n    conf\u00e9rer aucun rang dans l'arm\u00e9e Fran\u00e7aise. Je somme ici le roi d'armes\n    Jarreti\u00e8re de vouloir bien produire le dipl\u00f4me du noble duc.\"\n\nNo man ever stood less in need of foreign orders than the Duke of\nWellington; and no man ever {284} had so many of them conferred upon him.\nAs he was the last to assume a title that did not belong to him, so he\nwould have been the first to repudiate any such pretension, if put forward\nby others on his behalf. Allow me therefore to ask, Would it be\ninconsistent with what is due to the memory of the great Duke, or with our\nsense of national honour, to undertake the task of clearing up the doubts\nthus thrown out respecting his claim to the title of Mar\u00e9chal de France? I\nbelieve these doubts have been repeated in other French journals, and that\nno reply has yet been made to them by the English press.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Prophecy in Hoveden._--I should be extremely obliged if any one of your\nnumerous readers would give me the following information. In the account\ngiven by Hoveden (p. 678. of the Frankfort edition of Sir H. Savile's\n_Scriptores post Bedam_) of the proceedings during the stay of Richard I.\nat Messina, that author says:\n\n    \"Then was fulfilled the prophecy which was found written in ancient\n    characters on tablets of stone, near a vill of the King of England,\n    which is called 'Here,' and which King Henry gave to William\n    Fitz-Stephen. Here the said William built a new house on a pinnacle, on\n    which he placed the figure of a stag, which is supposed to have been\n    done that the said prophecy might be fulfilled, which was to the\n    following effect:\n\n     'Whan thu seches in Here hert yreret.\n      Than sulen Engles in three be ydeled.\n      That han sal into Yrland altolate waie,\n      That other into Puille mid prude bi seue,\n      The thridde into Airhahen herd alle wreken drechegen.'\"\n\nThis is evidently full of typographical errors, and may be more correctly\nset forth in the English edition of 1596, which I have not at hand. I\ntherefore wish for information on these points:\n\n1. What is the correct version of this prophecy, and where may it be found?\n\n2. What place is meant by \"Here?\"\n\nI need hardly say that I have no difficulty as to the first two lines:\n\"When you see a hart reared (erected) in Here, then shall England be\ndivided into three parts.\"\n\nJ. H. V.\n\n_A Skating Problem._--The motto of your paper is, \"When found, make a note\nof it.\" Here then is one for you.\n\nIn several of my skating excursions I have observed, and noted it to\nothers, that ice of just sufficient strength to bear any one in skates\nstanding upon it, will instantly break if tried by the same person without\nhaving skates on. I don't know if any of your readers have made the same\ndiscovery: if so, can they explain the cause? If, on the contrary, any are\nincredulous enough to doubt the fact, I would recommend them to test the\ntruth of my statement by a personal trial, before they pass a hasty\njudgment of the subject.\n\nA SKATER.\n\n\"_Rap and rend for._\"--In Dryden's Prologue to _The Disappointment, or the\nMother in Fashion_, we find these lines:\n\n \"Our women batten well on their good nature\n  All they can rap and rend for the dear creature.\"\n\n\"All they can rap and run for\" is the more frequent colloquial version of\nthis quaint phrase.\n\nIn Chaucer's \"Chanones Yeman's Tale\" it stands thus:\n\n \"But wasten all that ye may rape and renne.\"\n\nAnd to this last word Tyrwhit, in his Glossary, gives \"rend?\" with a mark\nof interrogation, as doubtful of the meaning.\n\nJohnson gives it \"rap and rend,\" and quotes a line of Hudibras:\n\n \"All they could rap and rend and pilfer:\"\n\nand adds, \"more properly, _rap and ran_; [r\u00e6pan] Sax., to bind, and _rana_,\nIcelandic, to plunder.\"\n\nThe question is, are we to accept this phrase in the sense it is commonly\nused, _to seize and plunder_; or have later and better philologists mended\nthe version?\n\nThe context in Chaucer does not seem to warrant the interpretation given by\nTyrwhit. The narrator is warning his hearers against the rogueries of\nalchemy:\n\n \"If that your eyen cannot seen aright,\n  Loketh that youre mind lacke not his sight.\n  For tho' ye loke never so brode and stare,\n  Ye shul not win a mite on that chaffare,\n  But wasten all that ye may rape and renne.\n  Withdraw the fire, lest it to faste brenne;\n  Medleth no more with that art, I mene;\n  For if ye don, your thrift is gon ful clene.\"\n\nM.\n\n\"_The wee brown Hen._\"--Can any of your correspondents oblige me with a\ncopy of the old Jacobin song, the \"Wee brown Hen?\" It begins thus:\n\n \"I had a wee brown hen,\n  And she had a wee brown tap,\n  And she gaed out in the mornin'\n  For to fill her crap.\n  The violets were her coverin',\n  And everything was her care,\n  And every day she laid twa eggs,\n  And Sundays she laid mair.\n    Och! they micht hae letten her be,\n    For every day she laid twa eggs,\n    And Sundays she laid three.\"\n\nThe words are very old, and conveyed a certain religious and political\nallusion. I know the tune {285} of it, and I shall take it as a favour to\nbe furnished with a correct version of the songs.\n\nFRAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n_Deprived Bishops of Scotland, 1638._--Neither Bishop Keith, with all his\nindustry (in his _Hist. Catal. of the Scottish Bishops_), nor subsequent\necclesiastical writers on the same subject, appear to have been able to\nmention the period of the deaths of nearly all those prelates deprived of\ntheir sees in 1638. The researches of late years may, perhaps, have been\nmore successful, and in that hope I now venture to inquire when and where\nthe lives of the following Scottish bishops came to a close--1. David\nLindsay, Bishop of Edinburgh. 2. Alex. Lindsay, Bishop of Dunkeld. 3. Adam\nBallenden, Bishop of Aberdeen. 4. John Guthrie, Bishop of Moray. 5. James\nFairly, Bishop of Argyle. 6. Neil Campbell, Bishop of the Isles. 7. John\nAbernethy, Bishop of Caithness. 8. Geo. Graham, Bishop of Orkney; and 9.\nRobert Baron, Bishop elect of Orkney, 1638. The Archbishops of St. Andrew\nand Glasgow, and Bishops of Brechin, Dunblane, Ross, and Galloway, are\nslightly noticed, though even in these few there are discrepancies, both as\nto year and place of demise, which might be corrected. The later\necclesiastical records of Scotland are also exceedingly scanty; for Mr.\nPerceval, with all his acumen and research (in his _Apology for the\nDoctrine of Apostolical Succession_, 2nd edit., Appendix, pp. 250-3.),\nacknowledges with regret his inability to give more particulars of the\nconsecrations in Scotland between 1662 and 1688, for the column with names\nof consecrators is without dates of consecrations during that period, and\nis, with very few exceptions, a blank. In continuation of this topic, may I\ninquire when and where the two following bishops, deprived in 1690,\ndied?--1. John Hamilton, Bishop of Dunkeld and 2. Archibald Graham, Bishop\nof the Isles. The notices given by Bishop Keith, of the other deprived\nScottish bishops, are also exceedingly brief and meagre; nor has Mr. Lawson\n(_Hist. Scot. Epis. Ch._) added much.\n\nA. S. A.\n\nWuzzeerabad.\n\n_Passage in Carlyle._--Carlyle (_French Revolution_, vol. i.), in his\ndescription of the horrors attendant on the death-bed of Louis XV.,\nmentions the ghosts of the men \"who sank shamefully on so many\nbattle-fields from Rossbach to Quebec, that thy harlot might take revenge\nfor an epigram.\" Who was the harlot, and what the epigram?\n\nFICULNUS.\n\n_Madagascar Poetry._--Can any of the readers of \"N. & Q.\" throw any light\nupon the origin of the following lines? I found them among family papers,\nwritten about the year 1805, where they are described as the \"Invocation of\nMadagascrian Spirit;\" by which, I imagine, we are to infer that they are a\ntranslation of some native lay from the island of Madagascar:\n\n \"Spirit that art flown away,\n  Listen to our artless lay.\n  Teach us, Spirit, to do well;\n  Teach us, Spirit, to excel.\n  Stoop, O Spirit! and be kind,\n  Teaching those you left behind:\n  Listen to our artless lay,\n  Spirit that art flown away.\"\n\nC. S.\n\n_Ink._--From the following lines by Whitehead, which I find in my\nnote-book, I am induced to ask who was the inventor of ink?\n\n \"Hard, that his name it should not save,\n  Who first pour'd forth the sable flood.\"\n\nPHILIP S. KING.\n\n_Hamilton Queries_ (Vol. vi., p. 429.).--LORD BRAYBOOOKE says, in writing\nof Lord Spencer Hamilton, that he \"was a younger son of James, third Duke\nof Hamilton.\" I find, on referring to a Peerage, date about 1720 (I cannot\nquote it more particularly, as it has no title-page), that the third\ninheritor of the dukedom of Hamilton was Anne, daughter of the first and\nniece of the second Duke of Hamilton; and that she married William, Earl of\nSelkirk, eldest son of the Marquis of Douglas. The date would better accord\nwith Lord Spencer's being a son of James, _fifth_ Duke of Hamilton. Was it\nnot so?\n\n_Sir William Hamilton._--Who was the first wife of Sir W. Hamilton, the\ncelebrated ambassador, and when did he marry her? Who was the second, who\nhas attained such notoriety in connexion with Nelson's name; and when and\nwhere were they married?\n\nWas Single-speech Hamilton a member of the ducal family of Hamilton? If so,\nhis lineage from that house?\n\nTEE BEE.\n\n_Derivation of Windfall._--Arvine, in his _Cyclop\u00e6dia_, gives the following\nplausible reason for the origin of this term, now in such common use.\nQuery, Is he correct?\n\n    \"Some of the nobility of England, by the tenure of their estates, were\n    forbidden felling any trees in the forests upon them, the timber being\n    reserved for the use of the royal navy. Such trees as fell without\n    cutting, were the property of the occupant. A tornado was therefore a\n    perfect god-send, in every sense of the word, to those who had\n    occupancy of extensive forests; and the _windfall_ was sometimes of\n    very great value.\"\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\n_Do the Sun's Rays put out the Fire?_--There is a current and notorious\nidea, that the admission of the sun-light into a room puts the fire out;\nand, {286} after making every deduction for an apparent effect in this\nmatter, I confess I am disposed to think that the notion is not an\nerroneous one. Can any of your correspondents account for it on\nphilosophical principles, or disprove it experimentally?\n\nC. W. B.\n\n_Denmark and Slavery._--Dr. Madden, in _A Twelve Months' Residence in the\nWest Indies_, 1834, says, in allusion to a remark of Mr. Brydges, to the\neffect that England was the last European power to enter into the slave\ntrade, and the first to abandon it, \"This is inaccurate: to the honour of\nDenmark be it spoken, the slave trade was abolished by her five years\nbefore England performed that act of tardy justice to humanity\" (vol. ii.\np. 128.). The object of the present communication is neither to question\nnor disparage the merit here claimed for Denmark, in reference to \"the\nslave _trade_:\" it concerns the abolition of _slavery_ itself by that\npower. I shall therefore be obliged to any reader of \"N. & Q.\" who will\ninform me when freedom was granted to the negroes in the Danish island of\nSt. Thomas, in the same manner as to those of the British West Indian\ncolonies in 1838? And also in what work I can find any detailed account of\nsuch act of manumission?\n\nL. L.\n\n_Spontaneous Combustion._--Is there such a thing as spontaneous combustion?\n\nH. A. B.\n\n_Bucks, most ancient and honourable Society of._--A candid inquiry into the\nprinciples and practices of this society, with its history, rules, and\nsongs, was published in 1770. It appeared that there were at that time\nthirteen lodges of the society in London, and a few in other places. Do any\nlodges of this society still exist? Did they issue any medals? Do they, or\ndid they, wear any badges? Who wore them, officers only, or all members?\nHow many varieties were there, and of what sizes? The book I have, and two\nvarieties of what I suppose may have been worn as badges.\n\nEDW. HAWKINS.\n\n_Lines quoted by Charles Lamb._--There are some lines quoted by Charles\nLamb in one of the _Essays of Elia_: I am very anxious to know whose they\nare:\n\n \"Bind me, ye woodbines, in your twines,\n  Curl me about, ye gadding vines,\n  And oh! so close your circles lace\n  That I may never leave this place.\n  But, lest your fetters prove too weak,\n  Ere I their silken bondage break,\n  Do you, oh briars! chain me too,\n  And courteous brambles nail me through!\"\n\nL. M. M. R.\n\n_Descendants of Dr. Bill._--Are there any records extant of the family or\ndescendants of Dr. Bill, whose name is first on the list of those who drew\nup the Prayer-Book, tempus Edward VI.? He was also Lord Almoner to Queen\nElizabeth. Dr. Bill's only daughter and heiress, Mary Bill, was married to\nSir Francis Samwell: had she any family, and did they assume the name of\nBill?\n\nDid a branch of the family settle in Staffordshire, and where?\n\nA. R. M.\n\n\"_The Rebellious Prayer._\"--Can any of your readers inform me whether some\nstanzas entitled \"The Rebellious Prayer\" have ever yet appeared in print,\nand, if so, in what collection of poems they are to be met with? The\nopening lines are as follows:\n\n \"It was a darken'd chamber, where was heard\n  The whisper'd voice, hush'd step, and stifled sounds\n  Which herald the deep quietness of death,\" &c.\n\nThey describe the anxious watchings of a wife at the sick couch of her\nhusband. In her agony she prays that his life may be spared, at whatever\ncost: her prayer is granted, and her husband is restored, but bereft of\nreason.\n\nJ. A.\n\n_Ravenshaw and his Works._--Can any of your readers give me information, or\nrefer me to any works, of John Ravenshaw, who was ejected from\nHolme-Chapel[2] under the Act of Uniformity? He is described by Calamy as\nhaving been a good scholar, and possessing a taste for poetry.\n\nB.\n\n[Footnote 2: Or Church-Holm, in Cheshire.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Yolante de Dreux_ (Vol. vi., pp. 150. 209.)--J. Y. has given this queen's\nsecond marriage, but not the date or the names of her issue. I am aware\nthat her husband Arthur II. (not I.) was Duke of Bretagne, 1305-12, and\nthat her only son John III., born 1293, succeeded; but the names and\nmarriages of her five daughters still remain unnoticed, as also any notices\nof her father the _Count of Dreux_, or of her mother.\n\nA. S. A.\n\nWuzzeerabad.\n\n    [The names of the five daughters of this lady and their alliances are\n    as follow:--1. Johanna, born 1294, married to Robert of Flanders, Lord\n    of Cassel. 2. Beatrix, born 1295, married Guido X., Baron of Laval, in\n    1315, died 1384. 3. Alisa, born 1297, married, 1320, Burchard VI.,\n    Count of Vendosme, died 1377. 4. Bianca, died an infant. 5. Mary, born\n    1302, became a nun, and died 1371. The father of Yolante de Dreux was\n    Robert IV., Count of Dreux, Braine, Montfort, and l'Amaury, and died\n    November 14, 1282. Her mother was Beatrix, daughter and heiress of John\n    Count of Montfort, l'Amaury, and Lord of Rochefort, married in 1260.\n    This is given on the authority of Anderson's _Royal Genealogies_, table\n    378, p. 620.]\n\n{287}\n\n_Bishop Francis Turner._--He left a manuscript Life of Nicholas Ferrar of\nLittle Gidding, which formed the basis of Dr. Peckard's _Life of Ferrar_,\nreprinted in Wordsworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_. Where can this\nmanuscript be found? Are there any literary remains of the bishop to be met\nwith anywhere?\n\nJ. J. J.\n\n    [We believe all that is known of Bishop Turner's MS. Life of Nicholas\n    Ferrar is, that it was in the custody of the editor of _The Christian\n    Magazine_ in 1761. Foster the Essayist (_Lectures_, vol. ii. p. 504.\n    edit. 1848) says, \"A long and well-written account of Ferrar was drawn\n    up by a Dr. Turner, Bishop of Ely, and left by him in manuscript. It\n    remained in the hands of the persons to whom his papers descended, till\n    it was communicated to the conductors of a miscellany called _The\n    Christian Magazine_, in a volume of which for the year 1761, this\n    curious memoir was lately pointed out to me.\" Gough, in his _British\n    Topography_, vol. ii. p. 299.*, furnishes a few other\n    particulars:--\"The papers of Bishop Turner, in the year 1761, appear to\n    have been in the hands of Dr. Dodd, who printed some of them in _The\n    Christian Magazine_ for that year. In particular the _Life of Mr.\n    Nicholas Ferrar_ was abridged, and published at p. 356. In the\n    introduction the editor says, 'As the _Life_ is rather too long for our\n    pamphlet, even divided, we have taken the liberty to abridge some\n    particulars in the Bishop's account, and now and then to alter a phrase\n    or two in his language, which through length of time is in some places\n    rather become obsolete.' From this passage it will appear that it was\n    published in the worst manner it could be.\" Our correspondent will find\n    much curious matter respecting the biographies of Nicholas Ferrar in\n    our Second Volume, pp. 119. 407. 444. 485. Among the Addit. MSS. (No.\n    5540., f. 53.) in the British Museum, is a Letter of Bishop Turner's\n    addressed to Mr. Reading, and read at the trial of Lord Preston, 1691.]\n\n_Raleigh's History._--What is the story of Raleigh's burning the second\nvolume of his History?\n\nRECNAC.\n\n    [The story is this:--A few days previously to his death, Raleigh sent\n    for Walter Burre, who printed his History; and asking him how the work\n    had sold, received for answer, \"so slowly that it had undone him.\" Upon\n    which Sir Walter brought from his desk a continuation of the work to\n    his own time, and, throwing it into the fire, said to Burre, \"the\n    second volume shall undo no more; this ungrateful world is unworthy of\n    it.\" (Winstanley's _English Worthies_, p. 256.) There is, however, no\n    satisfactory authority for the truth of this anecdote; and it has been\n    rejected by Arthur Cayley, and his other biographers.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nEPITAPHS.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 178.)\n\nThe following is a _real_ epitaph. It was written by Dr. Greenwood on his\nwife, who died in childbed, and it is in all probability still to be seen,\nwhere it was originally set up, in Solyhull churchyard, Warwickshire. The\nmost amusing point in it is, that the author seriously intended the lines\nto rhyme. There is wonderful merit in the couplet where he celebrates her\ncourage and magnanimity in preferring him to a lord or judge:\n\n \"Which heroic action, join'd to all the rest,\n  Made her to be esteem'd the Phoenix of her sex!\"\n\n \"Go, cruel Death, thou hast cut down\n  The fairest Greenwood in all this kingdom!\n  Her virtues and her good qualities were such\n  That surely she deserved a lord or judge:\n  But her piety and great humility\n  Made her prefer me, a Doctor in Divinity;\n  Which heroic action, join'd to all the rest,\n  Made her to be esteem'd the Phoenix of her sex:\n  And like that bird a young she did create,\n  To comfort those her loss had made disconsolate.\n  My grief for her was so sore\n  That I can only utter two lines more.\n  For this and all other good woman's sake,\n  Never let blisters be applied to a lying-in woman's back.\"\n\nThe advice contained in the last couplet is sound.\n\nF. D.\n\nPershore.\n\nYour correspondent ERICA gives us some quotations and epitaphs, in which\nthe metaphor of an Inn is applied both to life and death. I find the former\nof these ideas embodied in the following distich, copied from a tombstone\nat Llangollen in North Wales, a village much frequented not only by\ntourists, but by holiday-makers from all the surrounding districts; for\nwhose especial benefit I conceive the epitaph to have been written:\n\n \"Our life is but a summer's day,\n  Some only breakfast, and away;\n  Others to dinner stay, and are full fed;\n  The oldest man but sups, and goes to bed.\n  Large his account, who lingers out the day:\n  Who goes the soonest, has the least to pay.\"\n\nGEORGE S. MASTERS.\n\nWelsh Hampton, Salop.\n\n\"_The bathos can no further go_\" (Vol. vii., p. 5.).--\n\n    Inscription copied, Nov. 21, 1833, from a tombstone to a fisherman in\n    Bathford churchyard.\n\n     \"He drags no more, his nets reclin'd,\n      And all his tackle left behind,\n      His anchors cast within the veil,\n      No storms tempestious him assail.\n      In peace he rest--_an_ Jesus plain\n      Reader _I_ here lies--an honest man,\n      A husband--father--friend--compeer--\n      To all--who knew him--truely dear.\n      Search the Great Globe!--How few, alas!\n      Are worthy now to--take his place.\"\n                  B. H. 1805.\"\n\nSome rural wag had substituted with his pencil {288} three words for the\nlast three, which certainly rhymed better with alas!\n\nE. D.\n\nAllow me to send you one of much merit, founded upon the same metaphor as\nthose inserted at the page above quoted:\n\n \"Life's like an inn where travellers stay;\n  Some only breakfast, and away:\n  Others to dinner stay, and are full fed;\n  The oldest man but sups, and goes to bed.\n  Hard is his lot who lingers out the day;\n  Who goes the soonest has the least to pay.\"\n\nEDW. HAWKINS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHROWING OLD SHOES FOR LUCK.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 196.; Vol. v., p. 143.; Vol. vii., p. 182.)\n\nSome light may perhaps be thrown on this mysterious custom by the following\nquotation from the _R\u00e9futation des Opinions de Jean Wier_, by Bodin, the\ncelebrated French jurisconsult, and author of the _Demonomanie des\nSorciers_ (Paris, 1586), to the quarto edition of which the _R\u00e9futation_ is\ngenerally found attached. It may be necessary to observe, for the benefit\nof those unacquainted with demoniacal lore, that Wier, though a pupil of\nCornelius Agrippa, and what would be now-a-days termed exceedingly\nsuperstitious, was far in advance of his age, and the first to assert that\nsome, at least, of the many persons who were then burned for sorcery were\nmerely hypochondriacs and lunatics,--fitter subjects for the care of the\nphysician than the brand of the executioner. This _heterodox_ opinion\nbrought upon him a crowd of antagonistic replies, and amongst them the\n_R\u00e9futation_ of Bodin. During a cursory examination of Wier's voluminous\ndemonological works (_De Lamiis Liber_; _Item de Commentatiis Jejuniis_;\n_De Pr\u00e6stigiis Demonum, et Incantationibus ac Veneficiis_: Basil, 1583), I\nhave not met with the passage underneath referred to by Bodin; but, no\ndoubt, if time permitted, a closer search would discover it:\n\n    \"Il se mocque aussi d'une Sorciere, \u00e0 qui Sathan commanda de garder\n    bien ses vieux souliers, pour un preservatif, et contre-charme contre\n    les autre Sorciers. Je dy que ce conseil de Sathan a double sens, les\n    souliers signifient les pechez, comme estas tousiours trainnez par les\n    ordures. Et quand Dieu dist \u00e0 Moyse et \u00e0 Josu\u00e9, oste tes souliers, ce\n    lieu est pur, et sainct: il entendoit, comme dict Philon Hebrieu, qu'il\n    faut bien nettoyer son ame de peches, pour contempler et louer Dieu.\n    Mais pour converser avec Sathan, il faut estre souill\u00e9, et plong\u00e9 en\n    perpetuelle impietez et mechancetez: alors Sathan assistera \u00e0 ses bons\n    serviteurs. Et quand aux sens literal, nous avons dict que Sathan fait\n    ce qu'il peut, pour destourner les hommes de la fiance de Dieu aux\n    creatures, qui est la vraye definition de l'idolatrie, que les\n    Theologiens ont baillie: tellement que qui croira, que ses vieux\n    souliers, ou les bilets, et autres babioles qu'il porte, le peut garder\n    de mal, il est perpetuelle idolatrie.\"\n\nW. PINKERTON.\n\nHam.\n\nIt will, I fear, be difficult to discover a satisfactory answer to LORD\nBRAYBROOKE'S questions on these two points. They cannot certainly be\ntraceable to a Pagan origin, for Cupid is always pourtrayed barefooted; and\nthere is not, I believe, a single statue to be found of a sandaled Venus. I\ncan certainly direct his Lordship to one author, a Christian author, St.\nGregory of Tours, who refers to a curious practice, and seemingly one well\nrecognised, of lovers presenting _shoes_, as they now do _bouquets_, to the\nobjects of their affection:\n\n    \"Cumqu, ut \u00e6tate huic convenit, amori se puellari pr\u00e6staret affabiblem,\n    et cum poculis frequentibus etiam _calceamenta_ deferret.\"--Gregor.\n    Turon. _Ex Vitis Patrum_, vol. ii. p. 449.: see also same page, note 3.\n\nW. B. MACCABE.\n\nAllow me to inform LORD BRAYBROOKE that the custom of throwing a shoe,\ntaken from the left foot, after persons for good luck, has been practised\nin Norfolk from time immemorial, not only at weddings, but on all occasions\nwhere good luck is required. Some forty years ago a cattle dealer desired\nhis wife to \"trull her left shoe arter him,\" when he started for Norwich to\nbuy a lottery-ticket. As he drove off on his errand, he looked round to see\nif she performed the charm, and consequently he received the shoe in his\nface, with such force as to black his eyes. He went and bought his ticket,\nwhich turned up a prize of 600l.; and his son has assured me that his\nfather always attributed his luck to the extra dose of shoe which he got.\n\nE. G. R.\n\nThe custom of throwing an old shoe after a person departing from home, as a\nmode of wishing him good luck and prosperity in his undertaking, is not\nconfined to Scotland and the northern counties, nor to weddings. It\nprevails more or less, I believe, throughout the kingdom. I have seen it in\nCheshire, and frequently in towns upon the sea-coast. I once received one\nupon my shoulder, at Swansea, which was intended for a young sailor leaving\nhis home to embark upon a trading voyage.\n\nEDW. HAWKINS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOWEN GLYNDWR [OWEN AP GRIFFITH VYCHAN, LORD OF GLYNDWRDWY].\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 205.)\n\nThe arms referred to by MR. WOODWARD are those on the great seal and privy\nseal of \"the irregular and wild Glendower,\" as Prince of Wales, {289}\nattached to two documents deposited in the Hotel Soubise, at Paris, in the\nCartons I. 623. and I. 392., relating, it is supposed, to the furnishing of\ntroops to the Welsh prince by Charles VI., king of France. Casts of these\nseals were taken by the indefatigable Mr. Doubleday, to whom the Seal\ndepartment of the British Museum, over which he presides, is so much\nindebted; and impressions were exhibited by Sir Henry Ellis at a meeting of\nthe Society of Antiquaries, on the 12th of December, 1833. Engravings of\nthem, accompanied by the following notice, were communicated by Sir Henry\nto the _Arch\u00e6ologia_, and will be found in that publication, vol. xxv.\nplate lxx. fig. 2, 3. page 616., and ibid. pp. 619, 620.:\n\n    \"The great seal has an obverse and reverse. On the obverse Owen is\n    represented, with a bifid beard, very similar to Rich. II., seated\n    under a canopy of Gothic tracery: the half body of a wolf forming the\n    arms of his chair on each side: the background is ornamented with a\n    mantle sem\u00e9e of lions, held up by angels. At his feet are two lions. A\n    sceptre is in his right hand, but he has no crown. The inscription:\n    'OWENUS ... PRINCEPS WALLIE.' On the reverse of the great seal Owen is\n    represented on horseback, in armour; in his right hand, which is\n    extended, he holds a sword, and with his left his shield, charged with,\n    Quarterly, four lions rampant; a drapery, probably a _kerchief de\n    plesaunce_, or handkerchief won at a tournament, pendant from his right\n    wrist. Lions rampant also appear upon the mantle of the horse. On his\n    helmet, as well as on his horse's head, is the Welsh dragon [passant].\n    The area of the seal is diapered with roses. The inscription on this\n    side seems to fill the gap upon the obverse 'OWENUS DEI GRATIA ...\n    WALLIE.'\n\n    \"The privy seal represents the four lions rampant towards the\n    spectator's left, on a shield, surmounted by an open coronet [crown]:\n    the dragon[3] of Wales, as a supporter, on the dexter side; on the\n    sinister, a lion. The inscription seems to have been '_Sigillum Oweni_\n    PRINCIPIS WALLIE.' No impression of this seal is probably now to be\n    found either in Wales or England. Its workmanship shows that Owen\n    Glyndwr possessed a taste for art beyond the types of the seals of his\n    predecessors.\"\n\nThe dragon is a favourite figure with Cambrian bards; and, not to multiply\ninstances, the following lines may be cited from the poem of the \"Hirlas\nHorn,\" by Owen Cyfeilioc, Prince of Powys Wenwynwyn,--\n\n \"Mathraval's[4] Lord, the Poet and the Prince,\"\n\nfather of Gwenwynwyn, Prince of Powys Wenwynwyn (the Gwenwen of Sir Walter\nScott's _Betrothed_):--\n\n \"A dytwc i Rufut waywrutelyn\n  Gwin a gwydyr goleu yn ei gylchyn\n  Dragon Arwystli arwystyl tervyn\n  Dragon Owein hael o hil Kynvyn[5]\n  Dragon iw dechren ac niw dychryn cat\n  Cyvlavan argrat cymyw erlyn.\"\n      _Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales_: London,\n          1801, 8vo., vol. i. p. 265.\n\n \"And bear to Grufydd, the crimson-lanced foe,\n  Wine with pellucid glass around it;\n  The Dragon of Arwstli, safeguard of the borders,\n  The Dragon of Owen, the generous of the race of Cynvyn,\n  A Dragon from his beginning, and never scared by a conflict\n  Of triumphant slaughter, or afflicting chase.\"\n\nGray, whose \"Bard\" indicates the inspiration with which he had seized the\npoetry and traditions of the Cymri, thus refers to the red dragon as the\ncognizance of the Welsh monarchs, in his _Triumphs of Owen_ [ap Griffith,\nPrince of North Wales]:\n\n \"Dauntless, on his native sands,\n  The _Dragon_, son of Mona, stands;\n  In glittering arms and glory dress'd\n  High he rears his _ruby_ crest.\"\n\nThe dragon and lion have been attributed to the Welsh monarchs, as\ninsignia, from an early period, and the former is ascribed, traditionally,\nto the great Cadwallader.\n\nIn the _Arch\u00e6ologia_, vol. xx. p. 579. plate xxix. p. 578., are\ndescriptions of engravings of the impressions of two seals appendant to\ncharters of Edward, son of Edward IV., and Arthur, son of Henry VII., as\nPrinces of Wales, the obverse of each bearing three lions in pale passant,\nreguardant, having their tails between their legs, reflected upon their\nbacks, upon a shield {290} surmounted by a cap of maintenance: Prince\nEdward's shield has on each side a lion as a supporter, holding single\nfeathers, with the motto \"Ich dien.\" On Prince Arthur's seal, the feathers\nare supported by _dragons_. Thomas William King, Rouge Dragon, in a letter\nto Sir Samuel Meyrick, dated 4th September, 1841, published in the\n_Arch\u00e6ologia_, vol. xxix. p. 408., Appendix, regards the lions on these\nshields as to the ensigns attributed at the period of the seals to certain\nWelsh princes, and the dragon as the badge of Cadwallader.\n\nIn a MS. (for reference to which I am indebted to the courtesy of Sir\nFrederick Madden), which was recently sold at Sotheby's, containing\ntranslations by Johannes Boerius, presented to Henry, Prince of Wales, son\nof Henry VII., about 1505, there is a beautiful illumination containing the\narms of that prince: Quarterly France and England, with the red dragon as\nthe dexter, and the greyhound of the House of York as the sinister,\nsupporter.\n\n\"THE RED FIERYE DRAG[=O] BEETEN UP[=O] WHITE AND GREENE SARCENET\" was the\ncharge of a standard offered by Henry VII. at St. Paul's, on his entry into\nLondon after his victory at Bosworth Field; and this standard was\nrepresented on the corner of his tomb, held by an angel (Willement's _Regal\nHeraldry_, 4to., London, 1821, p. 57.). The red dragon rampant was assumed\nas a supporter by Henry VII. in indication of his Welsh descent, and was\nborne as a supporter, either on the dexter or sinister side of the shield,\nby all the other English monarchs of the House of Tudor, with the exception\nof Queen Mary, who substituted for it an eagle: and among the badges\nattributed to our present sovereign is, in respect of Wales, \"a dragon\npassant, wings elevated gu., upon a mount vert.\"\n\nIt may be assumed, with little doubt, that the colour of the dragon borne\nby Owen Glyndwr was _rouge_; and although the colour of the other supporter\nof his shield, the lion, is not susceptible of such positive inference, it\nmay be conjectured to have been _sable_, the colour of the lion, the\nprincipal charge on his hereditary shield.\n\nTo MR. WOODWARD'S immediate Query as to the blazon--colour of the field and\ncharges--of the arms on these seals, I can afford no direct answer, never\nhaving met with any trace of these arms in the extensive collections of\nWelsh MSS. to which I have had access. These ensigns may have been adopted\nby Owen as arms of _dominion_ (as those of Ireland by the English\nsovereigns) on his assumption of the principality of Wales, a suggestion\ncountenanced, if not established, by four lions quarterly (\"Quarterly gules\nand or, four lions rampant, counterchanged\") being assigned to Griffith ap\nLlewelyn (killed April, 28 Hen. III., 1244, in attempting to escape from\nthe Tower), eldest son of Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, prince of Wales (dead 31st\nNovember, 25 Hen. III., 1240), father of the ill-fated and gallant Llewelyn\nap Griffith, last sovereign of Wales, slain at Builth, December 10, 8 Ed.\nI., 1282. Further confirmation is, perhaps, afforded to this suggestion by\nOwen having, it is understood, vindicated his assumption of the Cambrian\nthrone as heir of the three sovereign dynasties of North Wales, South\nWales, and Powys respectively,--of the last, as male representative,\nthrough the Lords of Bromfield, of Madoc ap Meredith, the last monarch of\nthat principality; and of the two former as their heir-general, in respect\nof his mother, Elenor, sister of Owen (ap Thomas ap Llewelyn), Lord, with\nhis paternal uncle, Owen ap Llewelyn ap Owen, of the comot [hundred] of\nIscoed, September 20, 1344, Representative paternally of the sovereigns of\nSouth Wales, and, by female descent, of those of North Wales[6], through\nGriffith ap Llewelyn above named.\n\nThe hereditary arms of Owen's paternal line, the Lords of Glyndwrdwy, are\nthose of his ancestor, Griffith Maelor ap Madoc, of Dinas Bran, Lord of\nBromfield, Yale, Chirk, Glyndwrdwy, &c., who died A.D. 1191, viz. \"Paly of\neight argent and gules, over all a lion rampant sable,\" thus differenced,\napparently, from \"The Black Lion of Powys\" (Argent a lion rampant sable),\nthe royal ensigns of his father, Madoc ap Meredith, last sovereign Prince\nof Powys, who died at Winchester in 1160. I am unable to refer to any seal\nof the Lords of Glyndwrdwy, or of the Lords of Bromfield, bearing the\nfamily arms of their line; but they are thus given invariably by the\nCambrian heralds, and, so far, are susceptible of proof by the most\nauthentic MS. authorities of the Principality. It is, however, remarkable,\nthat the Heraldic Visitations of Wales of Lewis Dwnn, appointed in 1580\nDeputy-Herald for all Wales, by Robert Cook Clarenceux, and William Flower\nNorroy King-at Arms, published in 1846 by the Welsh MSS. Society, contain\nno pedigree of the house of Glyndwrdwy. Of the descendants, if any, of Owen\nGlyndwr himself, beyond his children, I am not aware that there is any\nauthentic pedigree, or other satisfactory proof; and there seems to be\npresumptive evidence that in 12 Henry VI., 1433--a period so recent as\nnineteen years from the last date, 19th February, 1 Henry V., 1414, on\nwhich Owen is ascertained to have been alive (Rymer's _Foedera_, ix. p.\n330.),--his issue was limited to a daughter and heir, {291} Alice, wife of\nSir John Scudamore, Knt., described in a petition of John, Earl of\nSomerset, to whom Owen's domains, on his attainder, had been granted by his\nbrother, Henry IV., as\n\n    \"Un John Skydmore, Chivaler, et Alice sa femme, pretendantz la dite\n    Alice etre file _et heir_ au dit Owyn (Glyndwr).\"--_Rot. Parl. 12 Hen.\n    VI._\n\nI have not found evidence to show that there were any children of Alice's\nmarriage with Scudamore; and, assuming the failure of her issue, and also\nthe extinction of Owen's other offspring, the representation of the three\ndynasties--\n\n \". . . . . . . the long line\n  Of our old royalty\"--\n\nreverted to that of his only brother, Tudor ap Griffith Vychan, a witness,\nas \"Tudor de Glyndore,\" in the Scrope and Grosvenor controversy, 3rd\nSeptember, 1386, and then twenty-four years and upwards, who is stated to\nhave been killed under Owen's banner at the battle of Mynydd Pwll-Melyn,\nnear Grosmont, Monmouthshire, fought 11th March, 1405. Tudor's daughter and\nheir, Lowry [Lady] of Gwyddelwern in Edeirnion, \"una Baron. de Edurnyon,\"\nbecame the wife of Griffith ap Einion of Corsygedol, living 1400 and 1415;\nand from this marriage descend the eminent Merionethshire House of\nCorsygedol (represented by the co-heirs of the late Sir Thomas Mostyn,\nBart., of Mostyn and Corsygedol; namely, his nephew, the Honorable Edward\nMostyn Lloyd Mostyn, of Mostyn and Corsygedol, M.P., Lord Lieutenant of\nMerionethshire, and Sir Thomas's sister, Anna Maria, Lady Vaughan, mother\nof Sir Robert Williames Vaughan, Bart., of Nannau) and its derivative\nbranches, the Yales of Plas-yn-Yale, co. Denbigh, and the Rogers-Wynns of\nBryntangor in the same county; the former represented by the Lloyds of\nPlymog, and the latter by the Hughes's of Gwerclas in Edeirnion, Lords of\nKymmer-yn-Edeirnion, co. Merioneth, and Barons of Edeirnion. These\nfamilies, co-representatives of the three Cambrian dynasties, all quarter,\nwith the arms of South Wales and North Wales, the ensigns I have referred\nto as the hereditary bearings of the Lords of Glyndwrdwy. Independently of\nthe adoption of these ensigns in the Welsh MSS. in the British Museum,\nCollege of Heralds, and other depositories, it may be mentioned that they\nare quartered in an ancient shield of the Vaughans of Corsygedol, suspended\nin the hall of Corsygedol,--one of the finest and most picturesque mansions\nin the Principality,--and that they appear in the splendid emblazoned\nGenealogy of the House of Gwerclas, compiled in 1650 by Robert Vaughan,\nEsq., of Hengwrt, the Camden and Dugdale united of Wales.[7] The arms in\nquestion are ascribed to the line of Bromfield and Glyndwrdwy, and, as\nquarterings to the families just named, by Mr. Burke's well-known _Armory_,\nthe first and, indeed, only work, in conjunction with the Welsh genealogies\nin that gentleman's _Peerage and Baronetage_, and _Landed Gentry_,\naffording satisfactory, or any approach to systematic and complete,\ntreatment of Cambrian heraldry and family history. Mr. Charles Knight also,\nhighly and justly estimated, no less for a refined appreciation of our\nhistoric arch\u00e6ology, than for careful research, adopts these arms as the\nescutcheon of Owen in the beautiful artistic designs which adorn and\nillustrate the First Part of the drama of _King Henry IV._, in his\nPictorial edition of Shakspeare. (_Histories_, vol. i. p. 170.)\n\nThe shield of the Lords of Glyndwrdwy, as marshalled by Welsh heralds,\ndisplays quarterly the arms assigned to their direct paternal ancestors, as\nsuccessively adopted previous to the period when armorial bearings became\nhereditary. Thus marshalled, the paternal arms of Owen Glyndwr are as\nfollows: 1st and 4th, \"Paly of eight, argent and gules, over all a lion\nrampant sable,\" for Griffith Maelor, Lord of Bromfield, son of Madoc ap\nMeredith, Prince of Powys-Fadog; 2nd, \"Argent, a lion rampant sable\" (\"The\nBlack Lion of Powys\") for Madoc, Prince of Powys-Fadog, son of Meredith,\nPrince of Powys, son of Bleddyn, King of Powys; 3rd, \"Or, a lion rampant\ngules,\" for Bleddyn ap Cyfnfyn, King of Powys.[8] None {292} of these\nensigns is referable to a period anterior to that within which armorial\nbearings are attributed to the Anglo-Norman monarchs.\n\nThe lion rampant is common to all branches of the line of Powys; but the\nbearing peculiar to its last monarch, Madoc ap Meredith, \"The _Black_ Lion\nof Powys,\" without a difference, has been transmitted exclusively to the\nHughes's, Baronial Lords of Kymmer-yn-Edeirnion, and the other descendants\nof Owen Brogyntyn, Lord of Edeirnion, younger son of Madoc; of whom, with\nthe exception of the family just named, it is presumed there is no existing\nmale branch. The same arms were borne by Iorwerth Goch, Lord of Mochnant,\nalso a younger son of Madoc; but they are now only borne subordinately in\nthe second quarter by that chief's descendant, Sir John Roger Kynaston of\nHardwick, Bart., and by the other branches of the Kynastons; the first\nquarter having been yielded to the arms of (Touchet) Lord Audley, assumed\nby Sir Roger Kynaston of Hordley, Knt., after the battle of Blore in 1459,\nat which Lord Audley is said to have fallen by the hand of Sir Roger. As\nalready stated, Griffith Maelor, Madoc's eldest son, bore the black lion\ndifferenced, as did also the twin sons of the latter, viz. Cynric Efell,\nLord of Eglwys Egle, ancestor of the distinguished line of Davies of\nGwysaney in Flintshire, whose ensigns were \"Gules, on a bend, argent, a\nlion passant sable;\" and Einion Efell, progenitor of the Edwards's of Ness\nStrange, and of other North Wallian families, who bore \"Party per fess,\nsable and argent, a lion rampant counterchanged.\" The ancestor of the\nVaughans of Nannau, Barts.,--Cadwgan (designated by Camden \"the renowned\nBriton\"), younger son of Blyddyn, king of Powys, sometime associated in the\nsovereignty with his elder brother Meredith, exhibited, it is stated, on\nhis banner an azure lion on a golden ground; ensigns transmitted to the\nearly Lords of Nannau and their descendants, with the exception--probably\nthe only one--of the Vaughans of Wengraig and Hengwrt, represented\npaternally by the Vaughans of Nannau and Hengwrt, Baronets, who,\ntransferring these arms to the second quarter, bear in the first,\n\"Quarterly, or and gules, four lions rampant counterchanged.\" The Wenwynwyn\nbranch of the dynasty of Powys continued, or at a later period resumed, the\nred lion rampant on a gold ground, ascribed to Blyddyn ap Cynfyn; and it is\nnot a little interesting, that recently a beautiful silver seal, in perfect\npreservation, of Hawys Gadarn, heiress of that princely line, who by the\ngift of Edward II. became the wife of John de Cherlton, was found near\nOswestry, representing her standing, holding two shields: the one in her\nright hand charged with her own arms, the lion rampant; that in the left\nwith those of Cherlton, two lions passant. The legend around the seal is\n\"S'HAWISIE DNE DE KEVEOLOC.\"\n\nThe original seal is now in the Museum of Chester, and was exhibited, I\nbelieve, by the Honorary Curator, the Rev. William Massie, at a recent\nmeeting of the Society of Antiquaries. Of this venerable relic I possess an\nimpression in wax; and of the great and privy seals of Owen Glyndwr,\nbeautiful casts in sulphur; and I shall have pleasure in leaving them with\nthe editor of \"N. & Q.\" for the inspection of MR. WOODWARD, should that\ngentleman desire it.\n\nJOHN AP WILLIAM AP JOHN.\n\n  Inner Temple.\n  March 7, 1853.\n\n[Footnote 3: This supporter, and the crest, as also the supporter which I\nshall mention presently, attached to the respective shields of Arthur\nPrince of Wales, and of Henry Prince of Wales, sons of Henry VII., is in\nfact a Wyvern, having, like the dragon, a tail resembling that of a snake,\nbut differing from the dragon in the omission of the two hind legs. The\nsupporter in respect of Wales, afterwards alluded to as assumed by the\nEnglish monarchs of the House of Tudor, was a dragon strictly.]\n\n[Footnote 4: Mathraval, in the vale of Meifod, in Montgomeryshire, the\npalace of the sovereigns of Powys, erected by Rhodri Mawr, King of Wales:\n\n \"Where Warnway [Vwrnwy] rolls its waters underneath\n  Ancient Mathraval's venerable walls,\n  Cyveilioc's princely and paternal seat.\"\n                          Southey's _Madoc_.\n\n[Footnote 5: Cynfyn, father of Bleddyn, King of Powys, by his consort\nAngharad, Queen of Powys, derived from Mervyn, King of Powys, third son of\nRhodri Mawr (the Great), King of all Wales, progenitor of the three\nDynasties of North Wales, South Wales, and Powys:\n\n                 \"... chi fu di noi\n  E de' nostri avi illustri il ceppo vechio.\"\n\n[Footnote 6: \"His [Owen Glyndwr's] father's name was Gryffyd Vychan: his\nmother's, Elena, of royal blood, and from whom he afterwards claimed the\nthrone of Wales. She was eldest daughter of Thomas ap Llewelyn ap Owen, by\nhis wife Elinor Goch, or Elinor the Red, daughter and heiress to Catherine,\none of the daughters of Llewelyn, last Prince of Wales, and wife to Philip\nap Ivor of Iscoed.\"--_A Tour in Wales_ [by Pennant]: Lond. 4to. 1778, p.\n302.]\n\n[Footnote 7: Of this celebrated antiquary, the author of _British\nAntiquities Revived_, and other valuable antiquarian works, the friend of\nArchbishop Ussher, Selden, Sir Simon d'Ewes, Sir John Vaughan, &c., it is\nobserved in the _Cambrian Register_, \"In genealogy he was so skilled, and\nhis knowledge on that subject derived from such genuine sources, that\nHengwrt became the Heralds' College of the Principality, and no pedigree\nwas current until it had obtained his sanction.\"\n\nHis MSS. and library, formerly at Hengwrt, have been transferred to R\u00fbg in\nEdeirnion, the present seat of his descendant, Sir Robert Vaughan of\nNannau; and it may be confidently stated, that in variety, extent, rarity,\nand value, they surpass any existing collection, public or private, of\ndocuments relating to the Principality. Many of them are unique, and\nindispensable for the elucidation of Cambrian literature and antiquities;\nand their possessor, by entrusting, to some gentleman competent to the\ntask, the privilege of preparing a catalogue _raisonn\u00e9e_ of them, would\nconfer a public benefit which could not be too highly appreciated.\n\nTo the noble collections of Gloddaeth, Corsygedol, and Mostyn, now united\nat Mostyn, as also to that of Wynnstay, the same observation might be\nextended.]\n\n[Footnote 8: The golden lion on a red field may have been displayed on the\nstandard of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, but, from analogy to the arms assigned to\nthe English monarchs of a corresponding period, it can, as armorial\nbearings, be only regarded, it is apprehended, as attributive. Of the\narmorial bearings of the English monarchs of the House of Normandy, if any\nwere used by them, we are left totally without contemporary evidences. The\narms of William the Conqueror, which have been for ages attributed to him\nand the two succeeding monarchs, are taken from the cornice of Queen\nElizabeth's monument, in the north aisle of Henry VII.'s Chapel at\nWestminster. The arms assigned to Stephen are adopted on the authority of\nNicholas Upton, in his treatise _De Militari Officio_, b. iv. p. 129.,\nprinted in 1654. For those of Henry II., there is no earlier authority than\nthe cornice of Queen Elizabeth's monument, and it is on the second seal\nused by Richard I. after his return from captivity, that, for the first\ntime, we find his shield distinctly adorned with the three lions passant\nguardant in pale, as they have been borne by subsequent English monarchs.\n(Willement's _Regal Heraldry_.)]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOLERIDGE'S CHRISTABEL--\"CHRISTOBELL, A GOTHIC TALE.\"\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 206.).\n\nYour correspondent S. Y. ought not to have charged the editors of\nColeridge's _Poems_ with negligence, until he had shown that the lines he\nquotes were inserted in the original edition of _Christabel_. They have not\nthe musical flow of Coleridge's versification, but rather the dash and\nvivacity of Scott. At all events, they are not to be found in the second\nedition of _Christabel_ (1816), nor in any subsequent edition. Indeed, I do\nnot think that Coleridge made any alteration in the poem since its\ncomposition in 1797 and 1800. I referred to two reviews of Coleridge's\n_Poems_ published in Blackwood in 1819 and 1834; but found no trace of S.\nY.'s lines. \"An old volume of Blackwood\" is rather a vague mode of\nreference. It is somewhat curious that, previous to the publication of\n_Christabel_, there appeared a _conclusion_ to that splendid fragment. It\nwas entitled \"Christobell, a Gothic Tale,\" and was published in the\n_European Magazine_ for April, 1815. It is dated \"March, 1815,\" and signed\n\"V.;\" and was reprinted in _Fraser's Magazine_ for January, 1835. It is\nstated to be \"written as a sequel to a beautiful legend of a fair lady and\nher father, deceived by a witch in {293} the guise of a noble knight's\ndaughter.\" It commences thus:\n\n \"Whence comes the wavering light which falls\n  On Langdale's lonely chapel-walls?\n  The noble mother of Christobell\n  Lies in that lone and drear chapelle.\"\n\nThe writer of the review in Blackwood (Dec. 1839) of Mr. Tupper's lame and\nimpotent conclusion to _Christabel_, remarks that--\n\n    \"Mr. Tupper does not seem to know that _Christabel_ was continued many\n    years ago, in a style that perplexed the public, and pleased even\n    Coleridge. The ingenious writer meant it for a mere _jeu d'esprit_.\"\n\nQuery: Who was this \"ingenious writer?\"\n\nWhile on the subject of _Christabel_, I may note a parallelism in reference\nto a line in Part I.:\n\n \"Her face, oh call it fair, not pale!\"\n\n \"E smarrisce il bel _volto in un colore,_\n  _Che non \u00e8 pallidezza, ma candore_.\"\n                  _Tasso_, _G. Lib._ c. ii. st. 26.\n\nJ. M. B.\n\nS. Y. is \"severe _over_ much\" and _under_ informed, in his strictures on\nthe editors of Coleridge's _Works_ (1852), when he blames them for not\ngiving Coleridge the credit of lines which _did not belong to him_. The\nlines which S. Y. quotes, and a \"great many more,\"--in fact, a \"third part\nof _Christabel_,\"--were sent to _Blackwood's Magazine_ in 1820, by the late\nDr. William Maginn, as a first fruits of those _imitations_ and _parodies_\nfor which he afterwards became so famous. The success of his imitation of\nColeridge's style is proved by the indignation of your correspondent. It is\nno small honour to the memory and talents of the gifted but erratic Maginn,\nthat the want of his lines should be deemed a defect or omission in \"one of\nthe most beautiful poems in the English language.\" But in future, before he\ncondemns editors for carelessness, S. Y. should be sure that he himself is\ncorrect.\n\nA. B. R.\n\nBelmont.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.\n\n_Economical Way of Iodizing Paper._--The extravagant price of the salt\ncalled iodide of potassium has led me to experiments as to whether paper\ncould not be iodized in another form; and having been successful, I offer\nthe process to the readers of \"N. & Q.\" Having verified it three times, I\ncan safely say that it is quite as effectual as using the above salt.\n\nThe first solution to be made, is a saturated solution of iodine. Put about\nsixty grains of iodine (the quantity is not of importance) into an ounce\nbottle, and add proof spirits of wine; set it near the fire \"on the hob;\"\nand when it is nearly boiling, agitate, and it will soon become a\nconcentrated essence: take now a bottle of clear glass, called a quart\nbottle, and put in it about two ounces of what is called carbonate of\npotash (nothing more than purified pearlash); fill up with water to within\nan inch of the neck, and agitate; when it is dissolved, add any of the\nother approved sensitives, in discretionable doses, such as fluoride or\nbromide of potassa, ammoniac salt, or common salt--it may have about sixty\ngrains of the latter; and when all are dissolved, add the iodine. This is\nadded by degrees, and shaken; and when it is a pale yellow, it may be\nconsidered to be ready for iodizing: from some experiments, I am led to\nbelieve that a greater quantity of iodine may, if necessary, be added, only\nthe colour should not be dark. And should the operator reach this point, a\nfew drops of solution of cyanide of potassium may be added, until the pale\ncolour returns. Bromine water I believe may be added, but that I have not\nused hitherto, and therefore cannot answer for its effects. The paper then\nhaving its usual wash of nitrate of silver, is then floated on the solution\nabout one minute, and the accustomed process gone through as described by\nmost photographers. It is only disposed to require a pretty strong solution\nof silver, say thirty grains to the ounce of water. This I attribute to the\npotash being in a little more caustic condition than when recrystallised\nwith iodine. And the only difference in the above formula between the two\nstates is, that the iodine in the medical preparation is incorporated by\nmeans of iron filings with the water, which I only interpret into being a\ncheaper method; which makes its high price the more scandalous, and I hope\nthis method will save photographers from the imposition: the price of a\nquart of iodide of potassium would be about six shillings, by the above\nabout ten-pence. And I can safely say, it is quite as effectual:\ntheoretically, it appears to be better, because iodine is exceedingly\ndifficult to preserve after being dissolved and recrystallised. And much of\nit is lost in the preparing iodized paper: as, for instance, the usual way\ngenerally requires floating on free iodine at the last; and with the\nformula here given, after using once, some small quantity of tincture of\niodine should be added before putting away, as the silver laid upon the\nsurface of the paper absorbs more of the iodine than the potash. Therefore,\na very pale yellow may be its usual test for efficiency, and the equivalent\nwill be maintained.\n\nN.B.--Potash varying much in its alkaline property, some samples will\nremain colourless with addition of iodine; in which case the judgment must\nguide as to the quantity of iodine. It should not exceed the ounce of\ntincture: about two drachms may be added after using it for paper.\n\nWELD TAYLOR.\n\n7. Conduit Street West.\n\n{294}\n\n_Queries on Sir W. Newton's Process._--The process of SIR W. NEWTON is\nnearly similar to one I have successfully used for some years, and I can\nrecommend it as effective and simple.\n\nA difficulty I have lately found, has been with my iodized paper, which,\nwhen freshly used, is well enough; but if kept a month or two, will only\nallow of the paper being prepared to take views just before using. I should\nmuch like to know how this occurs.\n\nIf SIR W. NEWTON would answer the following Queries, he would add to the\nobligations that many others besides myself are under to him:\n\n1. What paper does he use for positives, and what for negatives?\n\n2. Is it not better to dissolve the silver and iodide of potassium in three\nounces of water each instead of one (see \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. vii., pp. 151.\n277.)?\n\n3. Is spring water fit for washing the iodized paper; if it contains either\nsulphate or bicarbonate of lime or muriate of soda?\n\n4. How long ought the iodized paper to keep good?\n\n5. How long should the negative paper (on a moderately warm day) keep after\nbeing made sensitive, before exposing to the action of light; and how soon\nafter that should it be developed?\n\nJOHN STEWART.\n\nBrighton.\n\n_Suggestion to Photographers._--The Rev. Charles Forster, in his _One\nPrimeval Language_ (p. 96.), speaks of the desirableness of obtaining\ncopies of two great inscriptions in the Djebel Mokatteb,--one in forty-one,\nthe other in sixty-seven lines, supposed to have been written by the\nIsraelites during their exode. In the words, however, of the Comte\nd'Antraigues, which he quotes in p. 84: \"Il faudroit six mois d'un travail\nopini\u00e2tre, pour dessiner la totalit\u00e9 de ces caract\u00e8res.\" Is not this a\ntemptation to some of your photographic friends, who may be turning their\nsteps to the East during the ensuing season, to possess themselves of a\ntreasure which by the application of their art they might acquire almost in\nas many minutes?\n\nVERBUM SAT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Portrait of Pope_ (Vol. vii., p. 180.).--I cannot at this movement reply\nto MR. J. KNIGHT'S Query, but perhaps can correct an error in it. There was\nno _White_ of Derby; but Edward[9] _Wright_ of that city, was an artist of\nhigh repute. And I have in my possession a portrait of Pope done by him. On\nthe back of this portrait is the following inscription:\n\n    \"Edward Wright, the painter of this picture, was an intimate friend of\n    Mr. Richardson, and obtained leave from him to copy the portrait of Mr.\n    Pope; which Mr. R. was then painting, and had nearly finished. When the\n    outline was sketched out by E. Wright, he happened to meet Mr. Pope at\n    dinner, and on mentioning to him how he was employed, Mr. Pope said:\n    'Why should you take a copy, when the original is at your service? I\n    will come and sit to you.' He did so, and this picture was finished\n    from Mr. Pope himself. This account I had from the late William Wright,\n    Esq., my honoured uncle, who had the picture from the painter himself.\n    At Mr. Wright's death, it came to his widow, who gave it to my\n    brother[10]; at whose decease, it came to me.\n\n    \"WILLIAM FALCONER, M.D., F.R.S.\n\n    \"Bath, March 21, 1803.\"\n\nThe size of the picture is two feet five inches and a quarter by two feet\none-eighth of an inch. It is a profile. It has never been engraved, and is\nin good condition.\n\nR. W. F.\n\nBath.\n\n[Footnote 9: [_Joseph_ was the Christian name of the celebrated painter\nusually styled Wright of Derby.--ED.]]\n\n[Footnote 10: Thomas Falconer, Esq., of Chester.]\n\n_Conundrum_ (Vol. vi., p. 602.).--Though I cannot answer the Query of\nRUFUS, as to the manner in which the species of conundrum communicated by\nhim may be designated, I beg to inclose an answer to it, thinking you might\nperhaps deem it worthy of insertion:\n\n  Cold, sinful, sorrowful, this _earth_,\n    And all who seek in it their rest;\n  But though such mother gives us birth,\n    Let us not call ourselves unblest.\n\n  Though weak and earthly be our frame,\n    Within it dwells a nobler part;\n  A holy, heavenly, living flame\n    Pervades and purifies the _heart_.\n\n  To loving, glowing hearts in joy,\n    Shall not our _hearths_ and homes abound?\n  May not glad praise our lips employ,\n    And, though on earth, half heaven be found?\n\nE. H. G.\n\n_Herb\u00e9's \"Costumes Fran\u00e7ais\"_ (Vol. vii., p. 182.).--In answer to the Query\nby PICTOR, MR. PHILIP DARELL begs to state, that in the library at Calehill\nthere is a copy of M. Herb\u00e9's book. It is the last edition (Paris, 1840),\nand purports to be \"augment\u00e9e d'un examen critique et des _preuves\npositives_,\" &c. It begins by owning to certain errors in the former\nedition; in consequence of which M. Herb\u00e9 had travelled through all France\nto obtain the means of correcting them in various localities.\n\nP. D.\n\nCalehill, Kent.\n\n{295}\n\n_Curious Fact in Natural Philosophy_ (Vol. vii., p. 206.).--In Young's\n_Natural Philosophy_ it is said, that if the cup of a barometer is placed\nin a vessel somewhat larger than the cup, so contrived that the tube of the\nbarometer may fit air-tight in the top of the vessel, and if two holes are\nmade in the vessel on opposite sides, a current of air driven in at one\nhole will cause the mercury to fall. Is not the case of the cards analogous\nto this? and might not the cause be, that the current of air carries away\nwith it some of that contained between the cards, and so that the air is\nsufficiently rarefied to cause a pressure upwards greater than that caused\nby the current downwards, and the effect of gravity? Might not the sudden\nfall of the barometer before storms be from a cause similar in some degree\nto this?\n\nA. B. C.\n\nOxford.\n\n\"_Haud cum Jesu itis, qui itis cum Jesuitis._\"--In \"N. & Q.\" for Feb. 7,\n1852, a correspondent, L. H. J. T., asks for some clue to the above. Last\nMarch a friend of mine purchased in Paris, at a book-stall on the Quai\nD'Orsay, a manuscript book, very beautifully written, and in the old\nbinding of the time, which appears to be the transcript of a printed\nvolume. Its title is _Le J\u00e9suit s\u00e9cularis\u00e9_. A Cologne: chez Jacques\nMilebram. 1683.\n\nIt is a dialogue between \"Dorval, abb\u00e9 et docteur en th^e, et Maimbourg,\nJ\u00e9suit s\u00e9cularis\u00e9;\" and at the end (p. 197.) is a long Latin ballad,\nentitled \"Canticum Jesuiticum,\" filling eight small 8vo. pages, the opening\nstanza of which is\n\n \"Opulentas civitates\n  Ubi sunt commoditates\n  Semper qu\u00e6runt isti patres.\"\n\nAnd the conclusion of the whole is, in effect, the line of which your\ncorrespondent speaks:\n\n \"Vita namque Christiana\n  Abhorret ab h\u00e2c doctrin\u00e2\n  Tanquam fict\u00e2 et insan\u00e2.\n          _Ergo_\n  Vos qui cum Jesu itis,\n  Non ite cum Jesuitis.\"\n\nI should be glad to be certified by any of your correspondents of the\nactual existence of the printed volume, which probably was sought for and\ndestroyed by the authorities on account of its pestilent contents.\n\nC. H. H.\n\nWestdean, Sussex.\n\n_Tradescant Family_ (Vol. iii., p. 393.).--In further illustration of this\nsubject, and for the information of your correspondents who have taken an\ninterest in the restoration of the tomb in Lambeth churchyard, I beg\nthrough you to say that I have found the will of the grandsire, \"John\nTradescant, of South Lambeth, co. Surrey, Gardener:\" it is dated January 8,\n1637, and proved May 2, 1638, so that the period of his death may be fairly\nplaced in that year, as suggested by MR. PINKERTON'S extracts from the\nchurchwardens' accounts (Vol. iii., p. 394.); and the defect in the parish\nregister for some months following July, 1637, will account for no entry\nbeing found of his actual burial. The younger Tradescant was his only\nchild, and at the date of the will he had two grandchildren, John and\nFrances Tradescant. His son was the residuary legatee, with a proviso, that\nif he should desire to part with or sell his cabinet, he should first offer\nthe same to _the Prince_. His brother-in-law, Alexander Norman, and Mr.\nWilliam Ward, were the executors, and proved the will. As MR. PINKERTON\nstated that he was on the trace of new and curious matter respecting the\nTradescants, he may find it useful to know that John Tradescant the elder\nheld the lease of some property at Woodham Water in Essex, and two houses\nin Long Acre and Covent Garden.\n\nG.\n\n_Arms of Joan d'Arc_ (Vol. vii., p. 210.).--I believe I can answer the\ninquiry of BEND. The family of Joan d'Arc was ennobled by Charles VII. in\nDecember, 1429, with a grant of the following magnificent armorial coat,\nviz. Azure, between two fleurs-de-lys, or, a sword in pale, point upwards\n(the hilt or the blade argent), in chief, on the sword's point, an open\ncrown, _fleur-de-lys\u00e9_, or.\n\nIn consequence of the proud distinction thus granted, of bearing for their\narms the fleur-de-lys of France, the family assumed the name of _Du Lys_\nd'Arc, which their descendants continued to bear, until (as was supposed)\nthe line became extinct in the last century, in the person of Coulombe du\nLys, Prior of Coutras, who died in 1760; but the fact is, that the family\nstill exists in this country in the descendants of a Count Du Lys, who\nsettled in Hampshire as a refugee at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes\n(he having embraced the Protestant religion). His eldest male descendant,\nand (as I believe) the representative of the ancient and noble family of Du\nLys d'Arc, derived from a brother of the Maid of Orleans, is a most worthy\nfriend and neighbour of mine, the Rev. J. T. Lys, Fellow of Exeter College,\nwhose ancestors, since the period of their settlement in England, thought\nproper to drop the foreign title, and to curtail their name to its present\nform.\n\nW. SNEYD.\n\nDenton.\n\n_Jud\u00e6us Odor_ (Vol. vii., p. 207.).--The lines are to be found in the\n_London Magazine_, May, 1820, p. 504.:\n\n    \"Even the notion, which is not yet entirely extinct among the vulgar\n    (though Sir T. Browne satisfactorily refuted it by abundant arguments\n    deduced from reason {296} and experience)--the notion that they have a\n    peculiar and disagreeable _smell_, is, perhaps, older than he imagined.\n    Venantius, a bishop of Poictiers, in the sixth century, who holds a\n    place in every _corpus poetarum_, says:\n\n     'Abluitur Jud\u00e6us odor baptismate divo,\n        Et nova progenies reddita surgit aquis.\n      Vincens ambrosios suavi spiramine rores,\n        Vertice perfuso, chrismatis efflat odor.'\n                      Venant. _Poemat._, lib. 4. xx.\n\n    \"'Cosa maravigliosa,' says an Italian author, 'che ricevuto il santo\n    Battesimo, non puzzano pi\u00f9.'\"\n\nI believe the reference \"lib. 4. xx.\" is inaccurate. At least I have not\nsucceeded in finding the lines. That may be an excusable mistake: not so\nthe citing \"an Italian author,\" instead of giving his name, or saying that\nthe writer had forgotten it.\n\nThe power of baptism over the _Jud\u00e6us odor_ is spoken of familiarly in the\n_Epistol\u00e6 Obscurorum Virorum_:\n\n    \"Nuper quando unus dixit mihi quod non credit, quod Pfefferkorn adhuc\n    est bonus Christianus: quia dixit quod vidit eum ante unum annum, et\n    adhuc foetebat sicut alius Jud\u00e6us, et tamen dicunt communiter, quod\n    quando Jud\u00e6i baptizantur, non amplius foetent; ergo credit quod\n    Pfefferkorn habet adhuc nequam post aures. Et quando Theologi credunt\n    quod est optimus Christianus, tunc erit iterum Jud\u00e6us, et fides non est\n    ei danda, quia omnes homines habent malam suspicionem de Jud\u00e6is\n    baptizatis. . . . Sed respondeo vobis ad illam objectum: Vos dicitis\n    quod Pfefferkorn foetet. Posito casu, quod est verum, sicut non credo,\n    neque unquam intellexi, dico quod est alia causa hujus foetoris. Quia\n    Johannes Pfefferkorn, quando fuit Jud\u00e6us, fuit macellarius, et\n    macellarii communiter etiam foetent: tunc omnes qui audierunt, dixerunt\n    quod est bona ratio.\"--Ed. M\u00fcnch: Leipzig, 1827, p. 209.\n\nA modern instance of belief in the \"odor\" is in, but cannot decently be\nquoted from, _The Stage, a Poem_, by John Brown, p 22.: London, 1819.\n\nH. B. C.\n\nU. U. Club.\n\n_Philip d'Auvergne_ (Vol. vii., p. 236.).--This cadet of a Jersey family,\nwhose capture, when a lieutenant in our royal navy, led to his being in\nParis as a prisoner on parole, and thereby eventually to his adoption by\nthe last Prince of Bouillon, was a person of too much notoriety to make it\nnecessary to tell the tale of his various fortunes in your columns; of his\nimprisonment in the Bastile, and subsequently for a short period in the\nTemple; his residence at Mont Orgueil Castle in Jersey, for the purpose of\nmanaging communications with royalists or other agents, on the opposite\nFrench coast; or the dates of his successive commissions in the navy, in\nwhich he got upon the list of rear-admirals in 1805, and was a vice-admiral\nof the blue in 1810.\n\nI have not access at present to any list of the _Lives of Public\nCharacters_, but think I can recollect that there was an account given of\nhim in that publication; and there can be no doubt but that any necrology,\nof the date of his death, would contain details at some length.\n\nI suspect there is mistake in Brooke's _Gazetteer_, as quoted by E. H. A.,\nfor I feel rather confident that the reigning duke had no son living when\nhe made over the succession to one whom he did not know to be a relation,\nthough bearing the family name.\n\nAs, however, this adopted representative of the Dukes De Bouillon has been\nmentioned, it may be a fit occasion to ask if any of your Jersey readers\ncan tell what became, at his death, of a beautifully preserved and\nilluminated French translation of the Scriptures, which he showed to your\ncorrespondent in 1814, as having been the gift of the Black Prince's\ncaptive, King John of France, to the Duc De Berri, his son, from whom it\nhad passed into the possession of the Ducs De Bouillon. His highness (for\nthe concession of this style was still a result of his dukedom) said, that\nhe had lent this Bible for a while to the British Antiquarian Society,\nwhich had engraved some costumes and figures from the vignettes which\nadorned the initials of chapters.\n\nH. W.\n\n_Dr. Parr's A. E. A. O._ (Vol. vii., p. 156.).--The learned doctor indulged\nin boundless exultation at the unavailing efforts of mankind to give\nsignificancy to the above cabalistical combination of vowels. The\ncombination was formed in the following, manner:--S[A]MUEL P[A]RR engaged\nhis friend H[E]NRY H[O]MER to assist him in correcting the press; and so he\ntook the \"A. E.\" of their Christian names, and the \"A. O.\" of their\nsurnames, to form a puzzle which, like many other puzzles, is scarcely\nworth solution.\n\nOEDIPUS.\n\n_Jewish Lineaments_ (Vol. vi., p. 362.).--Is this Query put in reference to\nthe individual or the race? In either case the lineaments would wear out.\nIn the first, intermarriage would soon destroy them, as I have an instance\nin my own family, wherein the person, though only three removes from true\nJewish blood, retains only the faintest trace of Jewish ancestry. In the\nsecond instance, the cause of the change is more subtle. The Jew, as long\nas he adheres to Judaism, mingles with Hebrew people, adopts their manners,\nshares their pursuits, and imbibes their tone of thought. Just as the\ncharacter is reflected in the countenance, so will he maintain his Jewish\nlooks; but as soon as he adopts Christian views, and mingles with Christian\npeople, he will lose those peculiarities of countenance, the preservation\nof which depended on his former career. We see examples of this in those\nFranks who have resided {297} for a long time in the East, adopting the\ndress and customs of the people they have mingled with. Such persons\nacquire an Eastern tone of countenance, and many have been mistaken by\ntheir friends for veritable Turks or Arabs, the countenance having acquired\nthe expression of the people with whom they have mingled most freely. The\nsame fact is illustrated in the countenances of aged couples, especially in\ncountry places. Frequently these, though widely distinct in appearance when\nfirst married, grow at last exactly like each other, and in old age are\nsometimes scarcely to be distinguished by the features.\n\nIf not quite to the purpose, these instances illustrate the correspondence\nof the life and the looks, which is the philosophy of the Query on Jewish\nlineaments.\n\nSHIRLEY HIBBERD.\n\n_Sotadic Verses_ (Vol. vi., pp. 209. 352. 445.).--There is an English\nexample of this kind of line, attributed, I think, to Taylor the Water\nPoet:\n\n \"Lewd did I live & evil I did dwel.\"\n\nTo make this perfect, however, \"and\" must not be written at full length,\nand \"dwell\" must be content with half its usual amount of liquid.\n\nIt is difficult to make _sense_ of any of the Latin Sotadics quoted in \"N.\n& Q.,\" except that beginning \"Signa te,\" &c. Even the clue given by the\nmention of the legend in p. 209. does not enable one to find a meaning in\n\"Roma tibi,\" &c.\n\nCan any of your readers tell me whence comes the following Sotadic Elegiac\npoem, and construe it for me?\n\n \"Salta, tu levis es; summus se si velut Atlas,\n    (Omina ne sinimus,) suminis es animo.\n  Sin, oro, caret arcan\u00e2 cratera coronis\n    Unam arcas, animes semina sacra manu.\n  Angere regnato, mutatum, o tangere regna,\n    Sana tero, tauris si ruat oret anas:\n  Milo subi rivis, summus si viribus olim,\n    Muta sedes; animal lamina sede satum.\n  Tangeret, i videas, illisae divite regnat;\n    Aut atros ubinam manibus orta tua!\n  O tu casurus, rem non mersurus acuto\n    Telo, sis-ne, tenet? non tenet ensis, olet.\"\n\nHARRY LEROY TEMPLE.\n\n_Bells at Funerals_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.).--The following extract will\ndoubtless be interesting to MR. GATTY, if it has hitherto escaped his\nnotice:\n\n    \"June 27 (1648).--The visitors ordered that the bellman of the\n    university should not go about in such manner as was heretofore used at\n    the funeral of any member of the university. This was purposely to\n    prevent the solemnity that was to be performed at the funeral of Dr.\n    Radcliffe, Principal of B. N. C., lately dead. For it must be known\n    that it hath been the custom, time out of mind, that when head of\n    house, doctor, or master of considerable degree was to be buried, the\n    university bellman was to put on the gown and the formalities of the\n    person defunct, and with his bell go into every college and hall, and\n    there make open proclamation, after two rings with his bell, that\n    forasmuch as God had been pleased to take out of the world such a\n    person, he was to give notice to all persons of the university, that on\n    such a day, and at such an hour, he was solemnly to be buried, &c. But\n    the visitors did not only forbid this, but _the bellman's going before\n    the corpse, from the house or college, to the church or chapel_.\"--A.\n    Wood, quoted in _Oxoniana_, vol. iv. p. 206.\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_Collar of SS._ (Vol. vi., pp. 182. 352.).--There is, in the church of\nFanfield, Yorkshire, among other tombs and effigies of the Marmions, the\noriginal lords of the place, a magnificent tomb of alabaster, on which are\nthe recumbent figures of a knight and his lady, in excellent preservation.\nThese are probably effigies of Robert Marmion and his wife Lota, second\ndaughter of Herbert de St. Quintin, who died in the latter part of the\nfourteenth, or early in the fifteenth century. The armour of the knight is\nof this period, and he is furnished with the SS. collar of Lancaster, which\nis developed in a remarkably fine manner. His juppon is furnished with the\nvaire, the bearing of the Marmion, whilst the chevronels of St. Quintin are\nevident on the mantle of the lady. Over the tomb is placed a herse of iron,\nfurnished with stands for holding lighted candles or torches.\n\nWM. PROCTER.\n\nYork.\n\n_Dr. Marshall_ (Vol. vii., p. 83.).--I beg to inform U. I. S. that the\nKing's chaplain and Dean of Gloucester in 1682 was not _Anthony_, but\n_Thomas_ Marshall, D.D., Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, a great\nbenefactor to his college and the university, and highly distinguished for\nhis knowledge of the Oriental and Teutonic languages.\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_Shelton Oak_ (Vol. vii., p. 193.).--Shelton Oak is a remarkable fine tree,\nand is still standing. It is apparently in a healthy state. The grounds and\nmansion (I believe) are in the possession of two maiden ladies, who allow\nvisitors free access to this interesting object. In summer time its owners\nand their friends frequently tea within its venerable trunk.\n\nThe acorns are dealt out to those who may wish them at a trifling sum, and\nthe money devoted towards the building of a church in the neighbouring\nlocality. It is to be hoped that no innovation or local improvement will\never necessitate its removal.\n\nH. M. BEALBY.\n\nNorth Brixton.\n\n\"_God and the world_\" (Vol. vii., p. 134.).--Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke,\nwas the author of the lines quoted by W. H., but he has not given them\ncorrectly. They may be found in the LXVI. {298} and LXVII. stanzas of his\n_Treatie of Warres_, and are as follows:\n\n                      LXVI.\n\n \"God and the world they worship still together,\n    Draw not their lawes to him, but his to theirs,\n  Untrue to both, so prosperous in neither,\n    Amid their own desires still raising fears:\n      Unwise, as all distracted powers be,\n      Strangers to God, fooles in humanitie.\n\n                      LXVII.\n\n \"Too good for great things, and too great for good,\n    Their princes serve their priest, yet that priest is\n  Growne king, even by the arts of flesh and blood,\" &c.\n                  _Workes_, p. 82.: London, 1633, 8vo.\n\nAs for the last line of the quotation:\n\n \"While still 'I dare not' waits upon 'I would,'\"\n\nit smacks very strongly of _Macbeth_ (Act I. Sc. 7.), and \"the poor cat\ni'th adage:\"\n\n \"Catus amat pisces, sed non vult tingere plantas.\"\n\nRT.\n\nWarmington.\n\n_Dreng_ (Vol. vii., p. 39.).--_Dreng_ is still the Danish term for a\nservant or a boy: their present station in society could perhaps be only\nfound by a correspondence with Copenhagen; and would then possibly give as\nlittle elucidation of their former social position as an explanation of our\nmodern villain would throw any light upon the villani of _Domesday Book_.\n\nWILLIAM BELL.\n\n17. Gower Place.\n\n_Meals_ (Vol. vii., p. 208.).--In Celtic, the word _Meall_ means any rising\nground of a round form, such as a low hillock; and the name of _Mealls_ may\nhave been given to sand-banks from having a resemblance to small hills at\nlow water.\n\nFRAS. CROSSLEY.\n\nAlong the sea-margin of the tongue of land between the rivers Mersey and\nDee, the sand has been thrown up in domes. Two little hamlets built among\nthose sand-hills are called North and South Meols.\n\nJ. M. N.\n\nLiverpool.\n\n_Richardson or Murphy_ (Vol. vii., p. 107.).--I possess a copy of _Literary\nRelics of the late Joseph Richardson, Esq., formerly of St. John's College,\nCambridge, &c._, 4to.: London, 1807. Prefixed, is a line engraving by W. J.\nNewton, from a painting by M. A. Shee, Esq., R.A. This is a subscriber's\ncopy, and belonged as such to one of my nearest relatives. The inscription\nat the bottom of the plate is the same as that mentioned by your\ncorrespondent; and I cannot but think the portrait is really that of J.\nRichardson. The book was published by Ridgway, No. 170. Piccadilly.\n\nC. I. R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nMEMOIRS OF THE ROSE, by MR. JOHN HOLLAND. 1 Vol. 12mo. London, 1824.\n\nPSYCHE AND OTHER POEMS, by MRS. MARY TIGHE. Portrait. 8vo. 1811.\n\nGMELIN'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY. Inorganic Part.\n\nARCH\u00c6OLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., X., XXVII., XXVIII.,\nunbound.\n\nTHE HISTORY OF SHENSTONE, by the REV. H. SAUNDERS. 4to. London. 1794.\n\nLUBBOCK'S ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON THE TIDES.\n\nTRANSACTIONS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vol. I., and Parts I.\nand II. of Vol. II.\n\nCURTIS'S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. 1st and 2nd Series collected.\n\nTODD'S CYCLOP\u00c6DIA OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. Complete, or any Portion.\n\nGLADSTONE'S (W. E.) TWO LETTERS TO THE EARL OF ABERDEEN ON THE STATE\nPROSECUTIONS OF THE NEAPOLITAN GOVERNMENT. 1st Edition. 8vo.\n\nSWIFT'S WORKS. Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 Vols. 8vo. 1768. Vol. I.\n\nPURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES. Original Edition. Vol. I.\n\nTHE BOOK OF ADAM.\n\nTHE CHRISTIAN MAGAZINE. Vol. for 1763.\n\nPRO MATRIMONIO PRINCIPIS CUM DEFUNCT\u00c6 UXORIS SORORE CONTRACTO RESPONSUM\nJURIS COLLEGII JURISCONSULTORUM IN ACADEMIA RINTELENSI (circa 1655).\n\nMONNER JURISCONSULT., DE MATRIMONIO.\n\nBR\u00dcCKNER, DE MATRIMONIO.\n\n*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send\ntheir names._\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\n_The length of several of the communications in our present Number compels\nus to postpone this week our_ NOTES ON BOOKS, _&c._\n\nS. (Sunderland). _We must refer our Correspondent who inquires respecting\neating_ Carlings (_or Grey Peas_) _upon_ Care _or_ Carle _Sunday, and the\nconnexion between that name and_ Char Freytag, _the German name for Good\nFriday, to Brand's_ Popular Antiquities, vol. i. pp. 113-116. (_ed. Bohn._)\n\nR. ELLIOTT, ESQ. _We have a letter for this Photographic Correspondent.\nWhere shall we direct it?_\n\nR. J. S., _who inquires as to Richard Brandon having been the executioner\nof Charles I., is referred to Sir H. Ellis's_ Letters Illustrative of\nEnglish History (2nd Series, vol. iii. pp. 340, 341.); _and to_ \"N. & Q.,\"\nVol. ii., pp. 110. 158. 268.; Vol. v., p. 28.; Vol. vi., p. 198.\n\nW. M. R. E. _How can we address a letter to this Correspondent?_\n\nDAVID BROWN. _The lines_\n\n \"For he who fights and runs away\n  May live to fight another day,\"\n\n_so generally supposed to be Butler's, are really from Mennis' and Smith's_\nMusarum Delici\u00e6. _For much curious illustration of them, see our_ 1st Vol.,\npp. 177. 210., _&c._\n\nA. H. _The words which C\u00e6sar addressed to Brutus were, \"Tu quoque, Brute.\"_\n\nINQUISITOR. _Stow tell us that_ Bevis Marks _is a corruption of_ Burie's\nMarks,--_a great house belonging to the Abbots of Bury having formerly\nstood there_.\n\nJ. L. S. _will find an article on the speech of the Clown, in_ Twelfth\nNight, _to Toby Belch and Sir Andrew Ague-cheek: \"Did you never see the\npicture of We Three?\" in our_ 5th Vol., p. 338., _&c._\n\nC. V. _The Journal in question is sold to those who are not members of the\nSociety._\n\nW. D. B. _We do not think that the majority of our readers would be pleased\nto see our columns occupied with the proposed discussion respecting_ The\nAmerican Sea Serpent.\n\nREV. J. L. SISSON'S Photographic Notes _in our next. We accept with thanks\nthe polite offer made by our Correspondent in his postscript._\n\nCOKELY. _The fine reticulated lines in question are caused by the hypo-soda\nnot being thoroughly washed off._ {299}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may\nbe seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured\nApparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of\nPhotography in all its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\nMakers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now\nmade arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities,\neither from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of having\ngood impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr. Delamotte's\nPrinting at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place, Bayswater, or at\n\nMR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver)--J.B.\nHOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who\npublished the application of this agent (see _Athen\u00e6um_, Aug. 14th). Their\nCollodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness,\ntenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any\nclimate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J.B. HOCKIN & CO.\nmanufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements\nadapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for\nDeveloping in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses\nfrom the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,\n\nThe WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.\nTranslated from the French.\n\nSole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated\nLenses for Portraits and Views.\n\nGeneral Dep\u00f4t for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Fr\u00e8res', La Croix, and other\nTalbotype Papers.\n\nPure Photographic Chemicals.\n\nInstructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,\nSanford's, and Canson Fr\u00e8res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.\nIodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.\n\nSold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.\nPaternoster Row, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers. 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, with every requisite for the practice of\nPhotography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt, Br\u00e9bisson, and\nother writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, of WILLIAM BOLTON,\n(formerly Dymond & Co.), Manufacturer of pure chemicals for Photographic\nand other purposes. Lists may be had on application.\n\nImproved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr. Stewart's\ninstructions.\n\n146. HOLBORN BARS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY--The AMMONIO-IODIDE OF SILVER in Collodion, prepared by MESSRS.\nDELATOUCHE & CO., Operative Chemists, 147. Oxford Street, is now generally\nused by Photographers, and cannot be surpassed in the beautiful results it\nproduces. Specimens may be seen on application. MESSRS. DELATOUCHE & CO.\nsupply Apparatus with the most recent Improvements, Pure Chemicals, English\nand Foreign Papers, and every Article connected with Photography on Paper\nor Glass. Instruction given in the Art.\n\nSee HENNAH'S new work on the Collodion Process, giving the most practical\ndirections yet published, price 1s., or free by post 1s. 6d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | J. H. Goodhart, Esq.\n  W. Cabell, Esq.               | T. Grissell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.\n                                | J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n                           _Trustees._\n  W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       \u00a3   s.  d. | Age       \u00a3   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8\n   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6\n   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXIV.--Advertisements for the forthcoming\nNumber must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 26th, and Bills for\ninsertion by the 28th instant.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n8vo., price 21s.\n\nSOME ACCOUNT of DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE in ENGLAND, from the Conquest to the\nend of the Thirteenth Century, with numerous Illustrations of Existing\nRemains from Original Drawings. By T. HUDSON TURNER.\n\n    \"What Horace Walpole attempted, and what Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has\n    done for oil-painting--elucidated its history and traced its progress\n    in England by means of the records of expenses and mandates of the\n    successive Sovereigns of the realm--Mr. Hudson Turner has now achieved\n    for Domestic Architecture in this country during the twelfth and\n    thirteenth centuries.\"--_Architect._\n\n    \"The book of which the title is given above is one of the very few\n    attempts that have been made in this country to treat this interesting\n    subject in anything more than a superficial manner.\n\n    \"Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and research, and he has\n    consequently laid before the reader much interesting information. It is\n    a book that was wanted, and that affords us some relief from the mass\n    of works on Ecclesiastical Architecture with which of late years we\n    have been deluged.\n\n    \"The work is well illustrated throughout with wood-engravings of the\n    more interesting remains, and will prove a valuable addition to the\n    antiquary's library.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"It is as a text-book on the social comforts and condition of the\n    Squires and Gentry of England during the twelfth and thirteenth\n    centuries, that the leading value of Mr. Turner's present publication\n    will be found to consist.\n\n    \"Turner's handsomely-printed volume is profusely illustrated with\n    careful woodcuts of all important existing remains, made from drawings\n    by Mr. Blore and Mr. Twopeny.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\nJOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nTHE ILLUSTRATED CLARENDON, formerly in the Duke of Buckingham's Library at\nStowe. This splendid Copy of CLARENDON'S HISTORY OF THE REBELLION is in\nThree Volumes folio, Largest Paper, old red morocco with gilt edges, and\ncontains upwards of 200 engraved Portraits of Historical Persons, many of\ngreat rarity, and by Eminent Masters. The added Portraits all neatly\ninlaid, and the whole forming a rare and highly interesting Collection.\nPrice 21l. Apply by letter addressed to G., care of MR. BELL, Publisher,\nFleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nKERR & STRANG, Perfumers and Wig-Makers, 124. Leadenhall Street, London,\nrespectfully inform the Nobility and Public that they have invented and\nbrought to the greatest perfection the following leading articles, besides\nnumerous others:--Their Ventilating Natural Curl; Ladies and Gentlemen's\nPERUKES, either Crops or Full Dress, with Partings and Crown so natural as\nto defy detection, and with or without their improved Metallic Springs;\nVentilating Fronts, Bandeaux, Border, Nattes, Bands \u00e0 la Reine, &c.; also\ntheir instantaneous Liquid Hair Dye, the only dye that really answers for\nall colours, and never fades nor acquires that unnatural red or purple tint\ncommon to all other dyes; it is permanent, free of any smell, and perfectly\nharmless. Any lady or gentleman, sceptical of its effects in dyeing any\nshade of colour, can have it applied, free of any charge, at KERR &\nSTRANG'S, 124. Leadenhall Street.\n\n    Sold in Cases at 7s. 6d., 15s., and 20s. Samples, 3s. 6d., sent to all\n    parts on receipt of Post-office Order or Stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{300}\n\nThe Camden Society,\n\nFOR THE PUBLICATION OF\n\nEARLY HISTORICAL AND LITERARY REMAINS.\n\nTHE CAMDEN SOCIETY is instituted to perpetuate, and render accessible,\nwhatever is valuable, but at present little known, amongst the materials\nfor the Civil, Ecclesiastical, or Literary History of the United Kingdom;\nand it accomplishes that object by the publication of Historical Documents,\nLetters, Ancient Poems, and whatever else lies within the compass of its\ndesigns, in the most convenient forms, and at the least possible expense\nconsistent with the production of useful volumes.\n\nThe Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum, which becomes due in\nadvance on the first day of May in every year, and is received by MESSRS.\nNICHOLS, 25. PARLIAMENT STREET, or by the several LOCAL SECRETARIES.\nMembers may compound for their future Annual Subscriptions, by the payment\nof 10l. over and above the Subscription for the current year. The\ncompositions received have been funded in the Three per Cent, Consols to an\namount exceeding 900l. No Books are delivered to a Member until his\nSubscription for the current year has been paid. New Members are admitted\nat the Meetings of the Council held on the First Wednesday in every month.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThe Publications for the past year (1851-2) were:\n\n52. PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES of CHARLES II. and JAMES II. Edited by J. Y.\nAKERMAN, Esq., Sec. S.A.\n\n53. THE CHRONICLE OF THE GREY FRIARS OF LONDON. Edited from a MS. in the\nCottonian Library by J. GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.\n\n54. PROMPTORIUM: An English and Latin Dictionary of Words in Use during the\nFifteenth Century, compiled chiefly from the Promptorium Parvulorum. By\nALBERT WAY, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. Vol. II. (M to R.) (In the Press.)\n\nThe following Works are at Press, and will be issued from time to time, as\nsoon as ready:\n\nBooks for 1852-3.\n\n55. THE SECOND VOLUME OF THE CAMDEN MISCELLANY, containing, 1. Expenses of\nJohn of Brabant, 1292-3; 2. Household Accounts of Princess Elizabeth,\n1551-2; 3. Requeste and Suite of a True-hearted Englishman, by W.\nCholmeley, 1553; 4. Discovery of the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell,\n1627-8; 5. Trelawny Papers; 6. Autobiography of Dr. William Taswell.--Now\nready for delivery to all Members not in arrear of their Subscription.\n\n56. THE VERNEY PAPERS. A Selection from the Correspondence of the Verney\nFamily during the reign of Charles I. to the year 1639. From the Originals\nin the possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart. To be edited by JOHN BRUCE,\nESQ., Trea. S.A. (Will be ready immediately.)\n\n57. THE CORRESPONDENCE OF LADY BRILLIANA HARLEY, during the Civil Wars. To\nbe edited by the REV. T. T. LEWIS, M.A. (Will be ready immediately.)\n\nROLL of the HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES of RICHARD SWINFIELD, Bishop of Hereford, in\nthe years 1289, 1290, with Illustrations from other and coeval Documents.\nTo be edited by the REV. JOHN WEBB, M.A., F.S.A.\n\nREGUL\u00c6 INCLUSARUM: THE ANCREN REWLE. A Treatise on the Rules and Duties of\nMonastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon Dialect of the Thirteenth Century,\naddressed to a Society of Anchorites, being a translation from the Latin\nWork of Simon de Ghent, Bishop of Salisbury. To be edited from MSS. in the\nCottonian Library, British Museum, with an Introduction, Glossarial Notes,\n&c., by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Prebendary of Lincoln.\n\nTHE DOMESDAY OF ST. PAUL'S: a Description of the Manors belonging to the\nChurch of St. Paul's in London in the year 1222. By the VEN. ARCHDEACON\nHALE.\n\nROMANCE OF JEAN AND BLONDE OF OXFORD, by Philippe de Reims, an Anglo-Norman\nPoet of the latter end of the Twelfth Century. Edited, from the unique MS.\nin the Royal Library at Paris, by M. LE ROUX DE LINCY, Editor of the Roman\nde Brut.\n\n    Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be\n    addressed to the Secretary, or to Messrs. Nichols.\n\nWILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.\n\n25. Parliament Street, Westminster.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nLORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND.\n\nNow ready, Vol. II. (to be completed in seven vols.), post 8vo., 6s.\n\nA HISTORY OF ENGLAND, From the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles,\n1713-1783. By LORD MAHON. Third and revised Edition. (A Volume to be\npublished every Two Months.)\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE DEVEREUX EARLS OF ESSEX.\n\nNow ready, with portraits, 2 vols, 8vo., 30s.\n\nLIVES OF THE EARLS OF ESSEX, in the Reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and\nCharles I., 1540-1646. Founded upon many unpublished Private Letters and\nDocuments. By Capt. the HON. WALTER BOURCHIER DEVEREUX, R.N.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s.\n\nA HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, living and fossil, with Descriptions\nof all the Species, and Abstracts of the Systems of Ehrenberg, Dujardin,\nK\u00fctzing, Siebold, &c. By ANDREW PRITCHARD, ESQ., M.R.I.\n\nAlso, price 5s.,\n\nA GENERAL HISTORY OF ANIMALCULES, with 500 Engravings.\n\nAlso, price 8s. 6d.,\n\nMICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Microscopes.\n\nLondon: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE,\n\n(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)\n\nOf Saturday, March 12, contains Articles on\n\n  Acrophyllum venosum, by Mr. Barnes\n  Aphelandra cristata\n  Asparagus, to salt\n  Books noticed\n  Calendar, horticultural\n  ----, agricultural\n  Carrots, culture of White Belgian, by Mr. Smith\n  Cattle disease\n  Cherries, select\n  Coffee-leaf tea\n  Coppice wood, value of\n  Deodar, the, by Mr. Kemp\n  Drainage, land\n  Dyes, Lichen, by Dr. Lindsay\n  Farming, Welsh, by the Rev. T. Williams\n  Farm buildings, &c.\n  Flowers, new florist\n  Fruit trees, stocks for\n  ----, to protect on walls, by Mr. Bundy\n  Guano, adulteration of\n  Holland House gardens\n  Hollyhocks, select, by Mr. Downie\n  Indian pink, introduction of into Europe\n  Irrigation and liquid manure, by Mr. Mechi\n  Ivy, as food for sheep\n  Level, new, by Mr. Daniels\n  Lichens, dyeing properties of, by Dr. Lindsay\n  McGlashan's tree lifter (with engravings)\n  Manure, poultry, by Mr. Tollet\n  ----, liquid, by Mr. Mechi\n  Mice, to kill, by Mr. Bennett\n  Mexican oaks and their silkworms\n  Mustard seed, price of\n  Onions, preparation of ground for, by Mr. Symons\n  Peat, carbonised, by Mr. Towers\n  Railway slopes, planting of\n  Societies, proceedings of the Botanical of Edinburgh, National\n      Floricultural, and Agricultural of England\n  Tea, coffee-leaf\n  Trade memoranda\n  Tree lifter, McGlashan's (with engravings)\n  Trout, introduction of to New Zealand, by Mr. Gurney\n  Tubing, gutta percha, by Mr. Key\n  Walls, to protect trees on, by Mr. Bundy\n  Walls, glazed\n  Weeds and sulphuric acid\n  Wheat, Lois Weedon system of growing\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to\nthe above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices,\nwith returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed\nMarkets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the\ntransactions of the week_.\n\nORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington\nStreet, Covent Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nAUTOGRAPHS.--Just published, post 8vo., 1s., or Post Free for 12 Stamps, A\nCATALOGUE of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, PORTRAITS, &c.\n\nTOPOGRAPHY.--In the Press, will be ready in a few days, price 6d., or Post\nFree for 6 Stamps. A CATALOGUE of BOOKS, PRINTS, MSS., &c., on COUNTY and\nFAMILY HISTORY, HERALDRY, &c.\n\nMISCELLANEOUS CATALOGUES of BOOK AUTOGRAPHS. Parts XXXVI. to XXXIX. Gratis,\nor Post Free for 4 Stamps.\n\nLondon: JOHN GRAY BELL, Bedford Street, Covent Garden.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWANTED, for the Ladies' Institute, 83. Regent Street, Quadrant, LADIES of\ntaste for fancy work,--by paying 21s. will be received as members, and\ntaught the new style of velvet wool work, which is acquired in a few easy\nlessons. Each lady will be guaranteed constant employment and ready cash\npayment for her work. Apply personally to Mrs. Thoughey. N.B. Ladies taught\nby letter at any distance from London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5 New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, March 19. 1853.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 177, March 19, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":22378}