{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_42819/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_42819","id":"gutenberg_42819","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42819","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"{533}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 241.]\nSATURDAY, JUNE 10. 1854\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                    Page\n\n  Stone Pillar Worship                                         535\n\n  Somersetshire Folk Lore                                      536\n\n  Irish Records, by James F. Ferguson                          536\n\n  Derivation of Curious Botanic Names, and Ancient Italian\n    Kalydor, by Dr. Hughes Fraser Halle                        537\n\n  MINOR NOTES:--Forensic Jocularities--Ridley's University--\n    Marvellous, if true--Progress of the War--Hatherleigh\n    Moor, Devonshire--Cromwellian Gloves--Restall              538\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n  Sepulchral Monuments                                         539\n\n  \"Es Tu Scolaris\"                                             540\n\n  On a Digest of Critical Readings in Shakespeare,\n    by J. O. Halliwell                                         540\n\n  MINOR QUERIES:--\"Original Poems\"--A Bristol Compliment--\n    French or Flemish Arms--Precedence--\"[Greek: Sphid\u00ea]\"--\n    Print of the Dublin Volunteers--John Ogden--Columbarium\n    in a Church Tower--George Herbert--Apparition which\n    preceded the Fire of London--Holy Thursday\n    Rain-water--Freemasonry                                    541\n\n  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Lewis's \"Memoirs of the Duke\n    of Gloucester\"--Apocryphal Works--Mirabeau, Talleyrand,\n    and Fouch\u00e9--\"The Turks in Europe,\" and \"Austria as It\n    Is\"--\"Forgive, blest Shade\"--\"Off with his head,\"\n    &c.--\"Peter Wilkins\"--The Barmecides' Feast--Captain       542\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n  Coleridge's unpublished Manuscripts, by Joseph Henry Green   543\n\n  King James's Irish Army List, 1689                           544\n\n  Barrell's Regiment                                           545\n\n  Clay Tobacco-pipes, by W. J. Bernhard Smith                  546\n\n  Madame de Sta\u00ebl                                              546\n\n  Cranmer's Martyrdom                                          547\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Difficulties in making\n    soluble Cotton--Light in Cameras--Cameras--Progress of\n    Photography--A Collodion Difficulty--Ferricyanide\n    of Potassium                                               548\n\n  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Postage System of the\n    Romans--Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and\n    Bononcini--Power of prophesying before Death--King\n    John--Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets--Burial\n    Service Tradition--Paintings of our Saviour--Widdrington\n    Family--Mathew, a Cornish Family--\"[Greek: Pistis],\"\n    unde deriv.--Author of \"The Whole Duty of Man\"--\n    Table-turning--Pedigree to the Time of Alfred--Quotation\n    wanted--\"Hic locus odit, amat\"--Writings of the Martyr\n    Bradford--Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house--Blanco\n    White's Sonnet--\"Wise men labour,\" &c.--Copernicus--Meals,\n    Meols--Byron and Rochefoucauld--Robert Eden--Dates of\n    Maps--Miss Elstob--Corporation Enactments, &c.             549\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n  Notes on Books, &c.                                          554\n\n  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted                                 554\n\n  Notices to Correspondents                                    555\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMult\u00e6 terricolis lingu\u00e6, coelestibus una.\n\nSAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS'\n\n[Illustration]\n\nGENERAL CATALOGUE is sent Free by Post. It contains Lists of Quarto Family\nBibles; Ancient English Translations; Manuscript-notes Bibles; Polyglot\nBibles in every variety of Size and Combination of Language;\nParallel-passages Bibles; Greek Critical and other Testaments; Polyglot\nBooks of Common Prayer; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many other\nLanguages, in great variety; Aids to the Study of the Old Testament and of\nthe New Testament; and Miscellaneous Biblical and other Works. By Post\nFree.\n\nLondon: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, 15. Paternoster Row.\n\n[Greek: Pollai men thn\u00eatois Gl\u00f4ttai, mia d'Athanatoisin]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE ORIGINAL QUADRILLES, composed for the PIANO FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE\nMERTON.\n\nLondon: Published for the Proprietors and may be had of C. LONSDALE, 26.\nOld Bond Street; and by Order of all Music Sellers.\n\nPRICE THREE SHILLINGS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE ASTLEY COOPER PRIZE ESSAY FOR 1853.\n\nThis Day, 8vo., with 64 Illustrations, 15s.\n\nON THE STRUCTURE AND USE OF THE SPLEEN. By HENRY GREY, F.R.S., Demonstrator\nof Anatomy at St. George's Hospital.\n\nLondon: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, in fcap. 8vo., price 7s. 6d. cloth.\n\nTHE BOOK OF PSALMS IN ENGLISH VERSE, and in Measures suited for Sacred\nMusic. By EDWARD CHURTON, M.A., Archdeacon of Cleveland.\n\nJOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, in fcap. 8vo., price 6s. cloth.\n\nTHE WESTERN WORLD REVISITED. By the REV. HENRY CASWALL, M.A., Vicar of\nFigheldean; Author of \"America and the American Church,\" \"Scotland and the\nScottish Church,\" &c.\n\nJOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIn 64mo., price, bound and clasped, 1s. 6d.\n\nTHE SERMON in the MOUNT. Printed by C Whittingham, uniformly with THE THUMB\nBIBLE from the Edition of 1693--which may still be had, price 1s. 6d.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nAMERICAN BOOKS.--LOW, SON, & CO., as the Importers and Publishers of\nAmerican Books in this Country, have recently issued a detailed Catalogue\nof their Stock in Theology, History, Travels, Biography, Practical Science,\nFiction, &c., a Copy of which will be forwarded upon application.\n\nBy arrangements with the American Publishers, all Works of known or\nanticipated interest will in future be published by LOW SON, & CO.,\nsimultaneously with their appearance in America. 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SOUTHAMPTON STREET, CAMDEN TOWN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis Day, in One Large Volume, super-royal 8vo., price 2l. 12s. 6d. cloth\nlettered.\n\nCYCLOP\u00c6DIA BIBLIOGRAPHICA: a Library Manual of Theological and General\nLiterature, and Guide to Books for Authors, Preachers, Students and\nLiterary Men, Analytical, Bibliographical, and Biographical. By JAMES\nDARLING.\n\nA PROSPECTUS, with Specimens and Critical Notices, sent Free on Receipt of\na Postage Stamp.\n\nLondon: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.\n\nRETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses\nof, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.\n\nVol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.\n\nJOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nLONGFELLOW, THE POET.--There is a sweet song by this admired writer just\nnow much inquired after. It is called \"EXCELSIOR.\" This really sublime\neffusion of the poet is charmingly wedded to music by MISS M. LINDSAY. It\nis particularly a song for the refined evening circle, and is adorned with\na capital illustration. It is among the recent publications of the MESSRS.\nROBERT COCKS & CO., Her Majesty's Music Publishers, of New Burlington\nStreet.--See _The Observer_, May 28, 1854.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{534}\n\nTHE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE and HISTORICAL REVIEW for JUNE, contains the\nfollowing articles:--1. Leaves from a Russian Parterre. 2. History of Latin\nChristianity. 3. Our Lady of Montserrat. 4. Memorials of Amelia Opie. 5.\nMansion of the Dennis Family at Pucklechurch, with an Illustration. 6. The\nRevocation of the Edict of Nantes. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: A Plea\nfor the threatened City Churches--The British Museum Library--The late\nMaster of Sherburn Hospital--Original Letter and Anecdotes of Admiral\nVernon, &c. With Notes of the Month, Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews,\nReports of Antiquarian and Literary Societies, Historical Chronicle, and\nOBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Duke of Parma, the Marquis of Anglesey,\nthe Earl of Lichfield, Lord Colborne, Lord Cockburn, John Davies Gilbert,\nEsq., T. P. Halsey, Esq., Alderman Thompson, Alderman Hooper, Dr. Wardlaw,\nDr. Collyer, Professors Jameson and Wilson, Montgomery the Poet, &c. &c.\nPrice 2s. 6d.\n\nNICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis Day is published, price 1s.\n\nCONSECRATION _versus_ DESECRATION.--An APPEAL to the LORD BISHOP of LONDON\nagainst the BILL for the DESTRUCTION of CITY CHURCHES and the SALE of\nBURIAL GROUNDS.\n\n \"I hate robbery for burnt-offering.\"\n                          Isaiah lxi. 8.\n\nJ. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street; J. H. PARKER, Oxford and\nLondon; G. BELL, Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nOVER THE WAVES WE FLOAT. Duet by STEPHEN GLOVER, Author of \"What are the\nWild Waves Saying?\" Words by J. E. CARPENTER, ESQ. 2s. 6d.\n\n    \"We cordially recommend it. There is a rich strain of harmony flowing\n    through the whole of it. It is within easy compass of voice,\" &c.\n    &c.--See the _Sheffield Independent_, May 27, 1854.\n\nLondon: ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, Music Publishers to the\nQueen.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis Day, fcp. 8vo., 5s.\n\nSYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: being the Substance of a Course of Lectures\naddressed to the Theological Students, King's College, London. By RICHARD\nCHENEVIX TRENCH, B. D., Professor of Divinity, King's College, and\nExamining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Oxford.\n\n  Cambridge: MACMILLAN & CO.\n  London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON,\n  West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s.,\n\nNOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the\n\"Microscopic Cabinet.\" By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.\n\nAlso, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s.,\n\nA HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing\nDescriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of\nprocuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By\nANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.\n\n\"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information concerning\nInfusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist should add it\nto his library.\"--_Silliman's Journal._\n\nLondon: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nGLASGOW CATHEDRAL.\n\nWill be published on or about 15th June, with Plan and Historical Notice,\n\nFOUR VIEWS OF THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF GLASGOW, drawn on Stone from Original\nSketches, and printed in the first style of Chromolithography by MESSRS. N.\nJ. HOLMES & CO., Glasgow. Complete in Ornamental Wrapper, price One Guinea.\n\nLondon: MESSRS. HERING & REMINGTON, Regent Street.\n\nGlasgow: N. J. HOLMES & CO., Cochran Street; MORISON & KYLE, Queen Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nDR. VAN OVEN.--On The Decline of Life in Health and Disease. Being an\nattempt to investigate the Causes of Longevity and the best Means of\nattaining a healthful Old Age. Cloth, 8vo., 10s. 6d.\n\n    \"Old and young, the healthy and the invalid, may alike obtain useful\n    practical hints from Dr. Van Oven's book. His advice and observations\n    are marked by much experience and good sense.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n    \"Good sense is the pervading characteristic of the\n    volume.\"--_Spectator._\n\nJOHN CHURCHILL, Princes Street, Soho.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nHER MAJESTY'S CONCERT ROOMS, HANOVER SQUARE.\n\nTHE ROYAL SOCIETY\n\nOF\n\nFEMALE MUSICIANS,\n\n_Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed Members._\n\n_Patroness_: Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. _Vice-Patronesses_: Her\nRoyal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of\nCambridge.\n\nOn WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 14, 1854, will be performed, for the Benefit of\nthis Institution, A MISCELLANEOUS CONCERT of Vocal and Instrumental Music.\n\n_Vocal Performers_--Miss Birch, Miss Dolby, Miss Pyne, Miss Helen Taylor,\nMrs. Noble, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame Persiani, Madame Caradori, Madame\nTherese Tanda, and Madame Clara Novello. Signor Gardoni, Mr. H. R. Allen,\nMr. Lawler, and Signor Belletti.\n\nIn the Course of the Concert, the Gentlemen of the Abbey Glee Club will\nsing two favourite Glees.\n\n_Instrumentalists_--Pianoforte, M. Emile Prudent; Violin, M. Remenyi;\nVioloncello, M. Van Gelder, Solo Violoncellist to His Majesty the King of\nHolland.\n\nTHE BAND will be complete in every Department.--_Conductor_, Mr. W.\nSterndale Bennett.\n\nThe Doors will be opened at Seven o'Clock, and the Concert will commence at\nEight precisely.\n\nTickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved Seats, One Guinea each. An Honorary\nSubscriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten Guineas at One Payment (which\nshall be considered a Life Subscription), will be entitled to Two Tickets\nof Admission, or One for a Reserved Seat, to every Benefit Concert given by\nthe Society. Donation and Subscriptions will be thankfully received, and\nTickets delivered, by the Secretary,\n\nMR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield St., Soho; and at all the Principal\nMusic-sellers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes,\ncash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on\napplication.\n\nCHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;\n16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nLibrary of the late JOHN HOLMES, Esq., of the British Museum, Framed\nEngravings, &c.\n\nPUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by\nAUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on THURSDAY, June 15, the\nLIBRARY of the late JOHN HOLMES, Esq., of the Manuscript Department of the\nBritish Museum, consisting chiefly of modern useful Books in various\nClasses of Literature, Books of Reference, privately printed Books, &c.;\nalso several framed Engravings, including the popular Works of Sir D.\nWilkie, engraved by Raimbach and Burnet; others by Sir R. Strange,\nWoollett, Raphael Morghen, &c.; Stothard's Canterbury Pilgrimage, proof;\nand other Engravings, and inclosed Print Case, &c.\n\nCatalogues may now be had, or will be sent on Receipt of Two Stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nAN EXCEEDINGLY INTERESTING AND RARE COLLECTION OF EARLY ENGLISH POETRY.\n\nMESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property\nand Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their\nHouse, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, June 29, and following\nDay, at 1 precisely, a very valuable and important COLLECTION OF EARLY\nENGLISH POETRY, more particularly of the reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and\nCharles I., from the extensive library of an eminent collector, deceased;\nincluding many volumes of the greatest rarity and interest, obtained from\nthe principal sales during the last 40 years.--May be viewed two days\npreviously, and Catalogues had; if in the Country, on Receipt of Six\nPostage Stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n    THE PRINCIPAL PORTION of the very VALUABLE, IMPORTANT, and exceedingly\n    CHOICE LIBRARY of J. D. GARDNER, Esq., extending over Eleven Days'\n    Sale.\n\nMESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property\nand Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their\nHouse, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, July 6, and Ten following\nDays, at 1 precisely each Day, the principal PORTION of the very valuable\nand choice LIBRARY of J. D. GARDNER, ESQ., of Chatteris, Cambridgeshire,\nremoved from his late Residence, Bottisham Hall, near Newmarket. The\nCollection comprises several of the first and very rare editions of the\nClassics, forming beautiful specimens of the typography of the 15th\nCentury; a very extensive assemblage of the early typographical productions\nof this country, comprising beautiful specimens from the presses of Caxton,\nMaclinia, Pynson, Wynkyn de Worde, and others, including a most beautiful\ncopy of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, printed by Wynkyn de Worde; a rare\nassemblage of the very early editions of the Scriptures in English,\nincluding a remarkably fine copy of the first edition, usually termed\nCoverdale's Bible, complete with the exception of two leaves, which are\nadmirably supplied in fac-simile by Harris, and may be considered as\nunique, it having the original Map of the Holy Land complete. Among other\nversions of the Scripture may be mentioned the first edition of the New\nTestament, by Tyndale. The Library is also rich in early English theology,\nhistory, and particularly so in the poetry of the Elizabethan period,\nincluding many of the rarest volumes that have occurred for sale in the\nHeber, Jolley, Utterson, and other collections. Also the first four folio\neditions of the Works of Shakspeare, the copy of the first edition being\nfrom the library of John Wilks, Esq., the finest copy ever sold by public\nauction. Among other important and valuable Works in the collection, may be\nmentioned a remarkably choice and very complete collection of the Works of\nDe Bry. Early Italian poetry and general Italian literature form a feature\nof the collection, many of them being first editions and of considerable\nrarity. There are also many other valuable books in general literature,\nhistory, and topography.\n\nCatalogues are now ready, and may be had on application; if in the Country,\non the Receipt of Twelve Postage Stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{535}\n\n_LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 1854._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotes.\n\nSTONE PILLAR WORSHIP.\n\nIn Vol. v., p. 121. of \"N. & Q.,\" there is an interesting note on this\nsubject by SIR J. EMERSON TENNENT, which he concludes by observing that \"it\nwould be an object of curious inquiry, if your correspondents could\nascertain whether this (the superstitious veneration of the Irish people\nfor such stones) be the last remnant of pillar worship now remaining in\nEurope.\" I am able to assure him that it is not. The province of Brittany,\nin France, is thickly studded with stone pillars, and the history and\nmanners of its people teem with interesting and very curious traces of the\nworship of them. In fact, Brittany and Breton antiquities must form the\nprincipal field of study for any one who would investigate or treat the\nsubject exhaustively.\n\nA list of the principal of these pillars still remaining may be found in\nthe note at p. 77. of the first vol. of Manet's _Histoire de la Petite\nBretagne_: St. Malo, 1834. But abundant notices of them will be met with in\nany of the numerous works on the antiquities and topography of the\nprovince. They are there known as \"Menhirs,\" from the Celtic _maen_, stone,\nand _hirr_, long; or \"Peulvans,\" from _peul_, pillar, and _maen_ (changed\nin composition into _vaen_), stone. See _Essai sur les Antiquit\u00e9s du\nD\u00e9partement du Morbihan_, par J. Mah\u00e9, Vannes, 1825, where much curious\ninformation on the subject may be found. This writer, as well as the\nChevalier de Freminville, in his _Monuments du Morbihan_, Brest, 1834, p.\n16., thinks that these menhirs, so abundant throughout Brittany, may be\ndistinguished into three classes: 1. Those intended as sepulchral\nmonuments; 2. Those erected as memorials of some great battle, or other\nsuch national event; and 3. Those intended to represent the Deity, and\nwhich were objects of worship. I have little doubt that these gentlemen are\ncorrect in the conclusions at which they have arrived in this respect. But\nit is curious to find both of them--men unquestionably of learning, and of\nwidely extended and varied reading--considering the poems of Ossian as\nindisputably authentic, and quoting from them largely as from unquestioned\ndocuments of historic value.\n\nThe largest \"menhir\" known to be in existence--if, indeed, it can still be\nsaid to be so--is that of Locmariaker, a commune of the department of\nMorbihan, a little to the south of Vannes. This vast stone, before it was\nthrown down and broken into four pieces--its present condition--was\nfifty-eight French feet in length. Its form, when entire, was that of a\ndouble cone, so that its largest diameter was at about the middle of its\nlength. It has been calculated to weigh more than four hundred thousand\nFrench pounds. In its immediate neighbourhood is a very large specimen of\nthe \"Dolmens\" or druidical altars on which victims were sacrificed.\n\nAs to the question when the worship of these stones ceased, my own\nobservations of the manners and habits of the people there, some fifteen\nyears since, would lead me to say that it had not then ceased. No doubt\nsuch an assertion would be indignantly repelled by the clergy, and perhaps\nby many of the peasantry themselves. The question, however, if gone into,\nwould become a subtle one, turning on another, as to what is to be deemed\n_worship_. And we all know that the tendency of unspiritual minds to\nidolatry has led the priesthood of Rome to institute verbal distinctions on\nthis point, which open the door to very much that a plain unbiassed man\nmust deem rank polytheism. My knowledge of the people in Italy enables me\nto affirm, with the most perfect certainty, that not only the peasantry\nvery generally, but many persons much above that rank, do, to all intents\nand purposes, and in the fullest sense of the word, _worship_ the Madonna,\nand believe that there are several separate and wholly distinct persons of\nthat name. And that this worship is often as wholly Pagan in its nature as\nin its object, is curiously proved by the fact, which brings us back again\nto Brittany, that in many instances in that province we find chapels\ndedicated to \"Notre Dame de la Joye,\" and \"Notre Dame de Liesse,\" which are\nall built on spots where, as M. de Freminville says in his _Antiquit\u00e9s du\nFinisterre_, p. 106., \"the Celts worshipped a divinity which united the\nattributes of Cybele and Venus.\" And Souvestre, in his _Derniers Bretons_,\nvol. i. p. 264., tells us that there still exists near the town of\nTr\u00e9guier, a chapel dedicated to Notre Dame de la Haine; that it would be a\nmistake to suppose that the people have ceased to believe in a deity of\nhate, and that persons may still be seen skulking thither to pray for the\ngratification of their hatred.\n\nSIR J. EMERSON TENNENT quotes a passage from Borlase, in which he says,\nspeaking of this stone-worship among the Cornish, a people of near kin to\nthe Armorican Bretons, that it might be traced by the prohibitions of\ncouncils through the fifth and sixth, and even into the seventh century. I\nfind a council, held at Nantes in 658, ordering that the stones worshipped\nby the people shall be removed and put away in places where their\nworshippers cannot find them again; a precaution which the history of some\nof these stones in Brittany shows to have been by no means superfluous. But\nthe usage may be traced by edicts seeking to restrain it to a later period\nthan this. For in the _Capitulaires_ of Charlemagne (Lib. x. tit. 64.), he\ncommands that the abuse of worshipping stones shall be abolished.\n\nThere can be no doubt, however, that this worship remained even avowedly to\na very much more recent period in Brittany. \"It is well known,\" {536} says\nDe Freminville, in his _Antiquit\u00e9s des C\u00f4tes-du-Nord_, p. 31., \"that\nidolatry was still exercised in the Isle of Ushant, and in many parishes of\nthe diocese of Vannes, in the seventeenth century. And even at the present\nday,\" he adds, \"how many traces of it do we find in the superstitious\nbeliefs of our peasants!\"\n\nMany of these notions still so prevalent in the remoter districts of that\nremote province, seem to point to nearly obliterated indications of a\nconnexion between these \"peulvans\" or pillar-stones, and the zodiacal forms\nof worship, which the Druids are known to have, more or less exoterically,\npractised. Thus it is believed in many localities that a \"menhir\" in the\nneighbourhood _turns on its axis at midnight_. (Mah\u00e9, _Essai sur les Antiq.\ndu Morbihan_, p. 229.) In other cases the peasantry make a practice of\nspecially visiting them on the eve of St. John, _i. e._ at the summer\nsolstice.\n\nVarious other remnants of the ideas or practices inculcated by the ancient\nfaith may be traced in usages and superstitions still prevalent, and,\nwithout such a key to their explanation, meaningless. With such difficulty\ndid the new supplant the old religion. Many curious illustrations may be\nfound in Brittany of the means adopted by the priests of the new faith to\nsteal, as it were, for their own emblems the adoration which all their\nefforts were ineffectual to turn from its ancient objects, in the manner\nmentioned by the writer in the _Arch\u00e6ologia_, cited by SIR J. E. TENNENT in\nhis Note. Thus we find \"menhirs\" with crosses erected on their summits, and\nsculptured on their sides. See _Notions Historiques, etc. sur le Littoral\ndu D\u00e9partement des. C\u00f4tes-du-Nord_, par M. Habasque: St. Brieuc, 1834, vol.\niii. p. 22.\n\nIn conclusion, I may observe that this worship prevailed also in Spain--,\ndoubtless, throughout Europe--inasmuch as we find the Eleventh and Twelfth\nCouncils of Toledo warning those who offered worship to stones, that they\nwere sacrificing, to devils.\n\nT. A. T.\n\nFlorence, March, 1854.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSOMERSETSHIRE FOLK LORE.\n\n1. All texts heard in a church to be remembered by the congregation, for\nthey must be repeated at the day of judgment.\n\n2. If the clock strikes while the text is being given, a death may be\nexpected in the parish.\n\n3. A death in the parish during the Christmas tyde, is a token of many\ndeaths in the year. I remember such a circumstance being spoken of in a\nvillage of Somerset. Thirteen died in that year, a very unusual number.\nVery many attributed this great loss of life to the fact above stated.\n\n4. When a corpse is laid out, a plate of salt is laid on the chest. Why, I\nknow not.\n\n5. None can die comfortably under the cross-beam of a house. I knew a man\nof whom it was said at his death, that after many hours hard dying, being\nremoved from the position under the cross-beam, he departed peaceably. I\ncannot account for the origin of this saying.\n\n6. Ticks in the oak-beams of old houses, or death-watches so called, warn\nthe inhabitants of that dwelling of some misfortune.\n\n7. Coffin-rings, when dug out of a grave, are worn to keep off the cramp.\n\n8. Water from the font is good for ague and rheumatism.\n\n9. No moon, in its change, ought to be seen through a window.\n\n10. Turn your money on hearing the first cuckoo.\n\n11. The cattle low and kneel on Christmas eve.\n\n12. Should a corpse be ever carried through any path, &c., that path cannot\nbe done away with. For cases, see Wales, Somerset, Bampton, Devon.\n\n13. On the highest mound of the hill above Weston-super-Mare, is a heap of\nstones, to which every fisherman in his daily walk to Sand Bay, Kewstoke,\ncontributes one towards his day's good fishing.\n\n14. Smothering hydrophobic patients is still spoken of in Somerset as so\npractised.\n\n15. Origin of the saying \"I'll send you to Jamaica.\" Did it not take its\nsource from the unjudge-like sentence of Judge Jeffries to those who\nsuffered without sufficient evidence, for their friendly disposition\ntowards the Duke of Monmouth: \"To be sent ---- ---- to the plantations of\nJamaica?\" Many innocent persons were so cruelly treated in Somerset.\n\n16. The nurse who brings the infant to be baptized bestows upon the first\nperson she meets on her way to the church whatever bread and cheese she can\noffer, _i. e._, according to the condition of the parents.\n\n17. In Devonshire it is thought unlucky not to catch the first butterfly.\n\n18. Mackerel not in season till the lesson of the 23rd and 24th of Numbers\nis read in church. I cannot account for this saying. A better authority\ncould have been laid down for the remembering of such like incidents. You\nmay almost form a notion yourself without any help. The common saying is,\nMackerel is in season when Balaam's ass speaks in church.\n\nM. A. BALLIOL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIRISH RECORDS.\n\nIt not unfrequently happens that ancient deeds and such like instruments\nexecuted in England, and relating to English families or property, are\n{537} to be found on record upon the rolls of Ireland. The following\ntranscripts have been taken from the Memoranda Roll of the Irish Exchequer\nof the first year of Edward II.:\n\n    \"Noverint universi me Johannem de Doveria Rectorem Ecclesie de\n    Litlington Lyncolnensis Dyocesis recepisse in Hibernia nomine domini\n    Roberti de Bardelby clerici subscriptas particulas pecunie per manus\n    subscriptorum, videlicet, per manus Johannis de Idessale dimid' marc'.\n    Item per manus Thome de Kancia 5 marc'. Item per manus Ade Coffyn 2\n    marc'. Item per manus mercatorum Friscobaldorum 10 libri una vice et\n    alia vice per manus eorundem mercatorum 100^s, fratre Andr' de\n    Donscapel de ordine minorum mediante. Item per manus Johannis de Seleby\n    29^s. Item de eodem Johanne alia vice 2 marc' et dimid'. Item per manus\n    ejusdem Johannis tertia vice tres marc' et dimid'. Item per dominum\n    Willielmum de Estden per manus Ricardi de Onyng 100^s. Et per manus\n    domini Johannis de Hothom pro negociis domini Walteri de la Haye centum\n    solid? De quibus particulis pecunie memorate predictum dominum Robertum\n    de Bardelby et ejus executores quoscumque per presentes quieto\n    imperpetuum. Ita tamen quod si alia littera acquietancie ab ista\n    littera de dictis particulis pecunie inveniatur de cetero alicubi pro\n    nulla cassa cancellata irrita et majus imperpetuum habeatur. In cujus\n    rei testimonium sigillum meum presentibus apposui. Datum apud Dublin',\n    28 die Februarij, anno regni regis Edwardi primo.\"--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw.\n    II. m. 12. dorso.\n\n    \"A toutz ceaux q' ceste p'sente l're verrount ou orrount Rauf de\n    Mounthermer salutz en Dieu--Sachez nous avoir ordeine estably e assigne\n    n're foial et loial Mons' Waut' Bluet e dan Waut' de la More, ou lun de\n    eaux, si ambedeux estre ne point, de vendre e n're p'fit fere de totes\n    les gardes e mariages es parties Dirlaunde q' escheierent en n're\n    temps, e de totes autres choses q'a nous aparten[=e]t de droit en celes\n    p'ties, e q^cunque eaux ferount p^r n're prou, co'me est susdit,\n    teignoms apaez e ferme e estable lavoms. En tesmoigne de quele chose a\n    ceste n're l're patente avoms mys n're seal. Don' a Tacstede le qu^it\n    jour de Octobr lan du regne le Rey Edward p^imer.\"--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw.\n    II. m. 17.\n\n    \"Rogerus Calkeyn de Gothurste salutem in Domino Sempiternam. Noveritis\n    me remisisse et quietum clamasse pro me et heredibus meis Johanni de\n    Yaneworth heredibus suis et assignatis, totum jus et clame[=u] quod\n    habui vel aliquo modo habere potui, in tenemento de Gothurste in\n    dominio de Cheddeworth. Ita quod nec ego nec heredes mei nec aliquis\n    nomine nostro, aliquid juris vel clamei in pr\u00e6dicto tenemento habere\n    vendicare poterimus imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium huic presenti\n    scripto sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus, Magistro Waltero de\n    Istelep tunc Barone domini Regis de Scaccario Dublin', Thoma de\n    Yaneworth, Rogero de Glen, Roberto de Bristoll, Roberto scriptore, et\n    aliis.\"--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw. II. m. 30.\n\nJAMES F. FERGUSON.\n\nDublin.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDERIVATION OF CURIOUS BOTANIC NAMES, AND ANCIENT ITALIAN KALYDOR.\n\nThe generic name of the fern _Ceterach officinarum_ is generally said to be\nderived from the Arabic _Chetherak_. I find however, among a list of\nancient British names of plants, published in 1633 at the end of Johnson's\nedition of Gerard, the expression _cedor y wrach_, which means _the joined_\nor _double rake_, and is exactly significant of the form of the Ceterach.\nThe Fernrakes are joined as it were back to back; but the single prongs of\nthe one alternate botanically with those of the other. Master Robert\nDauyes, of Guissaney in Flintshire, the correspondent of Johnson, gives the\nname of another of the Filices (_Equisetum_) as the English equivalent of\nthe ancient British term. But the form of this plant does not at all\ncorrespond to that signified by the Celtic words. It is not improbable,\ntherefore, that he was wrong as respects the correct English name of the\nplant.\n\nThe Turkish _shetr_ or _chetr_, to cut, and _warak_, a leaf, seem to point\nout the meaning of the Arabic term quoted in Hooker's _Flora_ and\nelsewhere. Probably some of your Oriental readers will have the kindness to\nsupply the exact English for _chetherak_.\n\nIt appears to me, however, that the transition from _cedorwrach_ to\n_ceterach_ is more easy, and is a more probable derivation.\n\nHooker and Loudon say that another generic name, _Veronica_, is of doubtful\norigin. In the Arabic language I find _virunika_ as the name of a plant.\nThis word is evidently composed of _nikoo_, beautiful, and _viroo_,\nremembrance; viroonika. therefore means beautiful remembrance, and is but\nan Oriental name for a Forget-me-not, for which flower the _Veronica\ncham\u00e6drys_ has often been mistaken. Possibly the name may have come to us\nfrom the Spanish-Arabian vocabulary. The Spaniards call the same plant\n_veronica_. They use this word to signify the representation of our\nSaviour's face on a handkerchief. When Christ was bearing his cross, a\nyoung woman, the legend says, wiped his face with her handkerchief, which\nthenceforth retained the divine likeness.[1]\n\nThe feminine name _Veronica_ is of course the Latin form of [Greek:\nPheronik\u00ea], victory-bearer (of which Berenice is the Macedonian and Latin\nconstruction), and is plainly, thus derived, inappropriate as the\ndesignation of a little azure wild flower which, like loving eyes, greets\nus everywhere.\n\nIn looking over Martin Math\u00e9e's notes on _Dioscorides_, published 1553, I\nfind that Italian women of his time used to make a cosmetic of the root of\nthe _Arum_, commonly called \"Lords and Ladies.\" The mixture, he says, makes\nthe skin wondrously {538} white and shining, and is called _gersa_. (\"_Ils\nfont des racines d'Aron de l'eaue et de lexive_,\" &c., tom. v. p. 98.)\n\nHUGHES FRASER HALLE, LL.D.\n\nSouth Lambeth.\n\n[Footnote 1: [See \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. vi., pp. 199. 252. 304.]]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Forensic Jocularities._--The epigram on \"Four Lawyers,\" given in Vol. ix.,\np. 103. of \"N. & Q.,\" has recalled to my recollection one intended to\ncharacterise four worthies of the past generation, which I heard some\nthirty years since, and which I send for preservation among other flies in\nyour amber. It is supposed to record the history of a case:\n\n     \"Mr. Leech\n      Made a speech,\n  Neat, concise, and strong;\n      Mr. Hart,\n      On the other part,\n  Was wordy, dull, and wrong.\n      Mr. Parker\n      Made it darker;\n 'Twas dark enough without.\n      Mr. Cooke,\n      Cited his book;\n  And the Chancellor said--I doubt.\"\n\n--a picture of Chancery practice in the days \"when George III. was king,\"\nwhich some future Macaulay of the twenty-first or twenty-second century,\nwhen seeking to reproduce in his vivid pages the form and _pressure_ of the\ntime, may cite from \"N. & Q.\" without risk of leading his readers to any\nvery inaccurate conclusions.\n\nT. A. T.\n\nFlorence.\n\n_Ridley's University._--The author of _The Bible in many Tongues_ (a little\nwork on the history of the Bible and its translations, lately published by\nthe Religious Tract Society, and calculated to be useful), informs us that\nRidley \"tells us incidentally,\" in his farewell letter, that he learned\nnearly the whole of St. Paul's Epistles \"in the course of his solitary\nwalks at Oxford.\" What Ridley tells us directly in his \"Farewell\" to\nPembroke Hall, Cambridge, is as follows:\n\n    \"In my orchard (the walls, butts, and trees, if they could speak, would\n    bear me witness) I learned without book almost all Paul's Epistles;\n    yea, and I ween all the canonical epistles, save only the Apocalypse.\"\n\nABHBA.\n\n_Marvellous, if true._--\n\n    \"This same Duc de Lauragnois had a wife to whom he was tenderly\n    attached. She died of consumption. Her remains were not interred; but\n    were, by some chemical process, reduced to a sort of small stone, which\n    was set in a ring which the Duke always wore on his finger. After this,\n    who will say that the eighteenth century was not a romantic\n    age?\"--_Memoirs of the Empress Josephine_, vol. ii. p. 162.: London,\n    1829.\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_Progress of the War._--One is reminded at the present time of the\nsatirical verses with reference to the slow progress of business in the\nNational Assembly at the first French Revolution, which were as follows:\n\n \"Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures,\n  Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, midi;\n  Allons-nous diner, mes amis!\n  Allons-nous,\" &c.\n\n \"Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures,\n  Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, minuit;\n  Allons-nous coucher, c'est mon avis!\n  Allons-nous coucher,\" &c.\n\nWhich may be thus imitated in our language:\n\n \"One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four,\n  Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight,\n  Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven o'clock, noon;\n  Let's go to dinner, 'tis none too soon!\n  Let's go to dinner,\" &c.\n\n \"One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four,\n  Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight,\n  Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven, midnight;\n  Let's go to bed, 'tis all very right!\n  Let's go to bed,\" &c.\n\nF. C. H.\n\n_Hatherleigh Moor, Devonshire._--I copy the following from an old\nDevonshire newspaper, and should be obliged if any of your correspondents\ncan authenticate the circumstances commemorated:\n\n \"When John O'Gaunt laid the foundation stone\n    Of the church he built by the river;\n  Then Hatherleigh was poor as Hatherleigh Moor,\n    And so it had been for ever and ever.\n  When John O'Gaunt saw the people were poor,\n    He taught them this chaunt by the river;\n  The people are poor as Hatherleigh Moor,\n    And so they have been for ever and ever.\n  When John O'Gaunt he made his last will,\n    Which he penn'd by the side of the river,\n  Then Hatherleigh Moor he gave to the poor,\n    And so it shall be for ever and ever.\"\n\nThe above lines are stated to have been found \"written in an ancient hand.\"\n\nBALLIOLENSIS.\n\n_Cromwellian Gloves._--The _Cambridge Chronicle_ of May 6, says that there\nis in the possession of Mr. Chas. Martin, of Fordham, a pair of gloves,\nreputed to have been worn by Oliver Cromwell. They are made of strong\nbeaver, richly fringed with heavy drab silk fringe, and reach half way\nbetween the wrist and the elbow. They were for a long time in the\npossession of a family at Huntingdon. There is an inscription on the\ninside, bearing the name of Cromwell; but the date is nearly obliterated.\n\nP. J. F. GANTILLON.\n\n{539}\n\n_Restall._--In the curious old church book of the Abbey Parish, Shrewsbury,\nthe word _restall_ occurs as connected with burials in the interior of the\nchurch. I cannot find this word in any dictionary to which I have access.\nCan the readers of \"N. & Q.\" explain its meaning and origin, and supply\ninstances and illustrations of its use elsewhere? I subjoin the following\nnotes of entries in which the word occurs:\n\n \"1566. Received for restall and knyll.\n\n  1577. Received for buryalls in the church, viz.\n\n  Itm. for a restall of Jane Powell for her gra^d mother, vijs. viijd.\"\n\n1593. The word is now altered to \"lastiall,\" and so continues to be written\ntill April 29, 1621, when it is written \"restiall,\" which continues to be\nits orthography until 1645, when it ceases to be used altogether, and\n\"burials in the church\" are alone spoken of.\n\nPRIOR ROBERT OF SALOP.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\nSEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS.\n\n(_Continued from_ p. 514.)\n\nIn a previous communication, fighting under the shield of a great\nauthority, I attempted to prove that the effigies of the medi\u00e6val tombs\npresented the semblance of death--death in grandeur, mortality as the\npopulace were accustomed to behold it, paraded in sad procession through\nthe streets, and dignified in their temples. The character of the costume\nbears additional testimony to their supposed origin, and strongly warrants\nthis conclusion. It is highly improbable that the statuaries of that age\nwould clothe the expiring ecclesiastic in his sacerdotal robes, case the\ndying warrior in complete steel, and deck out other languishing mortals in\ntheir richest apparel, placing a lion or a dog, and such like crests or\nemblems, beneath their feet. They were far too matter-of-fact to treat a\ndeath-bed scene so poetically. The corpse however, when laid in state,\n_was_ arrayed in the official or the worthiest dress, and these heraldic\nappurtenances _did_ occupy that situation. Thus in 1852 were the veritable\nremains of Prince Paul of Wurtemburg, in full regimentals and decorated\nwith honours, publicly exhibited in the Chapelle Ardente at Paris\n(_Illustrated London News_, vol. xx. p. 316.). Unimaginative critics\nexclaim loudly against the anomaly of a lifeless body, or a dying\nChristian, being thus dressed in finery, or covered with cumbrous armour;\nand such would have been the case in former days had not the people been so\nfamiliarised with this solemn spectacle. In an illumination in Froissart we\nhave the funeral of Richard II., where the body is placed upon a simple car\nattired in regal robes, a crown being on the head, and the arms crossed. We\nare informed that \"the body of the effigies of Oliver Cromwell lay upon a\nbed of state covered with a large pall of black velvet, and that at the\nfeet of the effigies stood his crest, according to the custom of ancient\nmonuments.\" The chronicler might, perhaps, have said with more propriety\n\"in accordance with tradition;\" cause and effect, original and copy, being\nhere reversed.\n\n    \"In a magnificent manner (he proceeds) the effigies was carried to the\n    east end of Westminster Abbey, and placed in a noble structure, which\n    was raised on purpose to receive it. It remained some time exposed to\n    public view, the corpse having been some days before interred in Henry\n    VII.'s Chapel.\"\n\nIn the account of the funeral obsequies of General Monk, Duke of Albemarle,\nin 1670, the writer says:\n\n    \"Wren has acquitted himself so well, that the hearse, now that the\n    effigy has been placed upon it, and surrounded by the banners and\n    bannerols, is a striking and conspicuous object in the old abbey. It is\n    supported by four great pillars, and rises in the centre in the shape\n    of a dome.\"\n\nIt is here also worthy of note, that Horncastle Church affords a curious\nexample of the principle of a double representation--one in life, and the\nother in death; before alluded to in the Italian monuments, and in that of\nAylmer de Valence. On a mural brass (1519), Sir Lionel Dymock kneels in the\nact of prayer; and on another plate covering the grave below, the body is\ndelineated wrapt in a shroud--beyond all controversy dead.\n\nMr. Markland, in his useful work, mentions \"the steel-clad sires, and\nmothers mild _reposing_ on their marble tombs;\" and borrows from another\narch\u00e6ologist an admirable description of the chapel of Edward the\nConfessor, who declares that \"a more august spectacle can hardly be\nconceived, so many renowned sovereigns _sleeping_ round the shrine of an\nolder sovereign, the holiest of his line.\" It can only be the sleep of\ndeath, and this the sentiment conveyed: \"These all died in faith.\" The\nsubjects of this disquisition are not lounging in disrespectful\nsupplication, nor wrapt in sleep enjoying pious dreams, nor stretched on a\nbed of mortal sickness: but the soul, having winged its way from sin and\nsuffering, has left its tenement with the beams of hope yet lingering on\nthe face, and the holy hands still refusing to relax their final effort.\nImpossible as this may seem to calculating minds, it is nevertheless one of\nthe commonest of the authorised and customary modes designed to signify the\nfaith, penitence, and peace attendant on a happy end.\n\nC. T.\n\n{540}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"ES TU SCOLARIS.\"\n\nAllow me through your pages to ask some of your correspondents for\ninformation respecting an old and very curious book, which I picked up the\nother day. It is a thin _unpaged_ octavo of twelve leaves, in black-letter\ntype, without printer's name or date; but a pencil-note at the bottom of a\nquaint woodcut, representing a teacher and scholars, gives a date 1470! And\nin style of type, abbreviations, &c., it seems evidently of about the same\nage with another book which I bought at the same time, and which bears date\nas printed at \"Padua, 1484.\"\n\nThe book about which I inquire bears the title _Es tu Scolaris_, and is a\nLatin-German or Dutch grammar, of a most curious and primitive character,\nproving very manifestly that when William Lilly gave to the world the old\n_Powle's Grammar_, it was not before such a work was needed. A few extracts\nfrom my book will give some idea of the erudition and etymological\nprofundity of the \"learned Theban\" who compiled this guide to the Temple of\nLearning, which, if they do not instruct, will certainly amuse your\nreaders. I should premise that the contractions and abbreviations in the\nprinting of the book are so numerous and arbitrary, that it is extremely\ndifficult to read, and that this style of printing condenses the\nsubject-matter so much, that the twelve leaves would, in modern typography,\nextend to twenty or thirty. The book commences in the interrogatory style,\nin the words of its title, _Es tu Scolaris?_--\"_Sum._\" It then proceeds to\nring the changes on this word \"_sum_,\" what part of speech, what kind of\nverb, &c.; and setting it down as _verbum anormalium_, goes on to enumerate\nthe anormalous verbs in this verse,--\n\n \"Sum, volo, fero, atque edo,\n  Tot et anormala credo.\"\n\nNow begins the curious lore of the volume:\n\n    \"_Q._ Unde derivatur _sum_?\n\n    _A._ Derivatur a greca dictione, _hemi_ ([Greek: emi]); mutando _h_ in\n    _s_ et _e_ in _u_, et deponendo _i_, _sic habes sum_!\"\n\nI dare say this process of derivation will be new to your classical\nreaders, but as we proceed, they will say, \"Foregad this is more exquisite\nfooling still.\"\n\n    \"_Q._ Unde derivatur _volo_?\n\n    _A._ Derivatur a _beniamin_ (sic pro [Greek: boulomai]) grece; mutando\n    _ben_ in _vo_ et _iamin_ in _lo_, sic habes _volo_. Versus\n\n      Est _volo_ formatum\n      A _beniamin_, bene vocatum.\n\n    _Q._ Unde derivatur _fero_?\n\n    _A._ Dicitur a _phoos_! grece; mutando _pho_ in _fe_ et _os_ in _ro_,\n    sic habes _fero_!\n\n    _Q._ Unde derivatur _edo_?\n\n    _A._ A _phagin_, grece; mutando _pha_ in _e_ et _gin_ in _do_, sic\n    habes _edo_!\"\n\nHere be news for etymologists, and proofs, moreover, that when some of the\nzealous antagonists of Martin Luther in the next century denounced \"Heathen\nGreek\" as a diabolical _invention_ of his, there was little in the grammar\nknowledge of the day to contradict the accusation.\n\nBut we have not yet exhausted the wonders and virtues of the word _sum_;\nthe grammar lesson goes on to ask,--\n\n    \"_Q._ Quare _sum_ non desinit in _o_ nec in _or_?\n\n    _A._ Ad habendum, _d[=r][=n]am_[2] [I cannot expand this contraction,\n    though from the context it means a mark or token], dignitatis sue\n    respectu aliorum verborum.\n\n    _Q._ Declara hoc, et quomodo?\n\n    _A._ Quia per _sum_ intelligitur Trinitas, cum tres habeat litteras,\n    scl. _s_. _u_. et _m_. Etiam illud verbum sum, quamvis de omnibus dici\n    valeat, tamen de Deo et Trinitate proprie dicitur.\n\n    _Q._ Quare _sum_ potius terminatur in _m_ quam in _n_?\n\n    _A._ Quia proprie _m_ rursus intelligitur Trinitas, cum illa littera\n    _m_, tria habet puncta.\"\n\nI shall feel much obliged for any particulars about this literary curiosity\nwhich you or any of your correspondents can give.\n\nA. B. R.\n\nBelmont.\n\n[Footnote 2: [Drnam stands for differentiam.]]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON A DIGEST OF CRITICAL READINGS IN SHAKSPEARE.\n\nWith reference to this subject, which has been so frequently discussed in\nyour columns, daily experience convincing me still farther in the opinion\nthat the complete performance of the task is impracticable, would you\nkindly allow me to ask what can be done in the now acknowledged case of\nfrequent occurrence, where different copies of the folios and quartos vary\nin passages in the very same impression? What copies are to be taken as the\ngroundworks of reference; and whose copy of the first folio is to be the\nstandard one? Mr. Knight may give one reading as that of the edition of\n1623, and Mr. Singer may offer another from the same work, while the author\nof the \"critical digest\" may give a third, and all of them correct in the\nmere fact that such readings are really those of the first edition. Thus,\nin respect to a passage in _Measure for Measure_,--\n\n \"For thy own bowels, which do call thee _sire_,\"--\n\nit has been stated in your columns that one copy of the second folio has\nthis correct reading, whereas every copy I have met with reads _fire_; and\nso likewise the first and third folios. Then, again, in reference to this\nsame line, Mr. Collier, in his Shakspeare, vol. ii. p. 48., says that the\nfolio edition of 1685 also reads _fire_ for _sire_; but in my copy of the\nfourth folio it is distinctly printed _sire_, and the comma before the word\nvery {541} properly omitted. It would be curious to ascertain whether any\nother copies of this folio read _fire_.\n\nJ. O. HALLIWELL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n\"_Original Poems._\"--There is a volume of poetry by a lady, published under\nthe following title, _Original Poems, on several occasions_, by C. R.,\n4to., 1769. Can you inform me whether these poems are likely to have been\nwritten by Miss Clara Reeve, authoress of _The Old English Baron_, and\nother novels? I have seen at least one specimen of this lady's poetry in\none of the volumes of Mr. Pratt's _Gleaner_.\n\nSIGMA.\n\n_A Bristol Compliment._--A present made of an article that you do not care\nabout keeping yourself is called \"A Bristol Compliment.\" What is the origin\nof the phrase?\n\nHAUGHMOND ST. CLAIR.\n\n_French or Flemish Arms._--What family (probably French or Flemish) bears\nAzure, in chief three mullets argent; in point a ducal coronet or; in base\na sheep proper crowned with a ducal coronet or.\n\nPENN.\n\n_Precedence._--Will any of your correspondents assign the order of\nprecedence of officers in army or navy (having no decoration, knighthood,\nor companionship of any order of knighthood), not as respects each other,\nbut as respects civilians? I apprehend that every commission is addressed\nto the bearer, embodying a civil title, as _e.g._, \"John Smith, Esquire,\"\nor as we see ensigns gazetted, \"A. B., Gent.\" My impression therefore is,\nthat in a mixed company of civilians, &c., no officer is entitled to take\nrank higher than the _civil_ title incorporated in his commission would\nimply, apart from his grade in the service to which he belongs. On this\npoint I should be obliged by any notices which your correspondents may\nsupply; as also by a classification in order of precedence of the ranks\nwhich I here set down alphabetically: barristers, doctors (in divinity,\nlaw, medicine), esquires, queen's counsel, serjeants-at-law.\n\nIt may be objected that esquire, ecuyer, armiger, is originally a military\ntitle, but by usage it has been appropriated to civilians.\n\nSUUM CUIQUE.\n\n\"[Greek: Sphid\u00ea].\"--The meaning of this word is wanted. It is not in\nStephens' _Thesaurus_. It occurs in Eichhoff's _Vergleichung der Sprachen\nEuropa und Indien_, p. 234.:\n\n    \"Sanscrit _bhid_, schneiden, brechen; Gr. [Greek: phaz\u00f4]; Lat. fido,\n    findo, fodio; Fr. fends; Lithuan., fouis; Deut. beisse; Eng. bite\" [to\n    which Kaltschmidt adds, beissen, speisen, fasten, Futter, Butter, Mund,\n    bitter, m\u00e4sten, feist, Weide, Wiese, Matte]; \"Sans. bhid\u00e2, bhid,\n    Spaltung, Faser; Gr. [Greek: sphid\u00ea], Lat. fidis; Sans. bhittis,\n    graben; Lat. fossa; Sans. bhaittar, zerschneider; Lat. fossor.\"\n\nT. J. BUCKTON.\n\nLichfield.\n\n_Print of the Dublin Volunteers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me\nwhen, and where, and by whom, the well-known print of \"The Volunteers of\nthe City and County of Dublin, as they met on College Green, the 4th day of\nNov., 1779,\" was republished? An original copy is not easily procured.\n\nABHBA.\n\n_John Ogden._--Can any reader of \"N. & Q.\" furnish an account of the\nservices rendered by John Ogden, Esq., to King Charles I. of England? The\nfollowing is in the possession of the inquirer:\n\n    \"Ogden's Arms, granted to John Ogden, Esq., by King Charles II., for\n    his faithful services to his unfortunate father, Charles I.\n\n    \"Shield, Girony of eight pieces, argent and gules; in dexter chief an\n    oak branch, fructed ppr.\n\n    \"Crest, Oak tree ppr. Lion rampant against the tree.\n\n    \"Motto, Et si ostendo, non jacto.\"\n\nOAKDEN.\n\n_Columbarium in a Church Tower._--At Collingbourne Ducis, near Marlborough,\nI have been told that the interior of the church tower was constructed\noriginally to serve as a columbarium. Can this really be the object of the\npeculiar masonry, what is the date of the tower, and can a similar instance\nbe adduced? It is said that the niches are not formed merely by the\nomission of stones, but that they have been carefully widened from the\nopening. Are there any ledges for birds to alight on, or any peculiar\nopenings by which they might enter the tower?\n\nJ. W. HEWETT.\n\n_George Herbert._--Will any one of your correspondents, skilled in solving\nenigmas, kindly give me an exposition of this short poem of George\nHerbert's? It is entitled--\n\n \"HOPE.\n\n \"I gave to Hope a watch of mine; but he\n    An anchor gave to me.\n  Then an old prayer-book I did present,\n    And he an optic sent.\n  With that, I gave a phial full of tears;\n    But he a few green ears.\n  Ah, loiterer! I'll no more, no more I'll bring;\n    I did expect a ring.\"\n\nG. D.\n\n_Apparition which preceded the Fire of London._--An account of the\napparition which predicted the Great Fire of London two months before it\ntook place, or a reference to the book in which it may be found, will\noblige\n\nIGNIPETUS.\n\n{542}\n\n_Holy Thursday Rain-water._--In the parish of Marston St. Lawrence,\nNorthamptonshire, there is a notion very prevalent, that rain-water\ncollected on Holy Thursday is of powerful efficacy in all diseases of the\n_eye_. Ascension-day of the present year was very favourable in this\nrespect to these village oculists, and numbers of the cottagers might be\nseen in all directions collecting the precious drops as they fell. Is it\nknown whether this curious custom prevails elsewhere? and what is supposed\nto be the origin of it?\n\nANON.\n\n_Freemasonry._--A (Hamburg) paper, _Der Freisch\u00fctz_, brings in its No. 27.\nthe following:\n\n    \"The great English Lodge of this town will initiate in a few days two\n    deaf and dumb persons; a very rare occurrence.\"\n\nAnd says farther in No. 31.:\n\n    \"With reference to our notice in No. 27., we farther learned that on\n    the 4th of March, two brethren, one of them deaf and dumb, have been\n    initiated in the great English Lodge; the knowledge of the language,\n    without its pronunciation, has been cultivated by them to a remarkable\n    degree, so that with noting the motion of the lips they do not miss a\n    single word. The ceremony of initiation was the most affecting for all\n    present.\"\n\nQuery 1. Would deaf and dumb persons in England be eligible as members of\nthe order? 2. Have similar cases to the above ever occurred in this\ncountry?\n\nJ. W. S. D. 874.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Lewis's \"Memoirs of the Duke of Gloucester.\"_--Can you inform me who was\nthe editor of\n\n    \"Memoirs of Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, from his birth,\n    July the 24th, 1689, to October 1697: from an original Tract written by\n    Jenkin Lewis. Printed for the Editor, and sold by Messrs. Payne, &c.,\n    London: and Messrs. Prince & Cooke, and J. Fletcher, Oxford, 1789.\"\n\nIn a rare copy of this volume now before me, it is attributed by a\npencil-note to the editorship of Dr. Philip Hayes, who was organist of\nMagdalen College Chapel, Oxford, from 1777 to 1797. I should be glad to\nlearn on what authority this could be stated. I am anxious also to know the\nnames of any authors who have published books respecting the life, reign,\nor times of King William III.?\n\nJ. R. B.\n\nOxford.\n\n    [Some of our readers will probably be able to authenticate the\n    editorship of Jenkin Lewis' _Memoirs of the Duke of Gloucester_. The\n    following works on the reign of William III. may be consulted among\n    others: Walter Harris's _History of the Reign of William III._, fol.,\n    1749; _The History of the Prince of Orange and the Ancient History of\n    Nassau_, 8vo., 1688; _An Historical Account of the Memorable Actions of\n    the Prince of Orange_, 12mo., 1689; _History of William III._, 3 vols.\n    8vo., 1702; _Life of William III._, 18mo., 1702; another, 8vo., 1703;\n    _The History of the Life and Reign of William III._, Dublin, 4 vols.\n    12mo., 1747; Vernon's _Letters of the Reign of William III._, edited by\n    G. P. R. James, 3 vols. 8vo., 1841; Paul Grimbolt's _Letters of William\n    III. and Louis XIV._ Consult also Watt and Lowndes' _Bibliographical\n    Dictionaries_, art. WILLIAM III.; and _Catalogue of the London\n    Institution_, vol. i. p. 292.]\n\n_Apocryphal Works._--Can you inform me where I can procure an English\nversion of the _Book of Enoch_, so often quoted by Mackay in his admirable\nwork _The Progress of the Human Intellect_? Also the _Epistle of Barnabas_,\nand the _Spurious Gospels_?\n\nW. S.\n\nCleveland Bridge, Bath.\n\n    [_The Book of Enoch_, edited by Archbishop Laurence, and printed at\n    Oxford, has passed through several editions.--_The Catholic Epistle of\n    St. Barnabas_ is included among Archbishop Wake's _Genuine Epistles of\n    the Apostolical Fathers_.--\"The Spurious Gospels\" will probably be\n    found in _The Apocryphal New Testament_; being all the Gospels,\n    Epistles, and other Pieces now extant, attributed in the first four\n    Centuries to Jesus Christ, his Apostles, and their Companions, and not\n    included in the New Testament by its compilers: London, 8vo., 1820; 2nd\n    edition, 1821. Anonymous, but edited by William Hone.]\n\n_Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouch\u00e9._--Can any of your correspondents tell me\nwhich are the best Lives of three of the most remarkable men who figured in\nthe age of the French Revolution, viz. Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouch\u00e9? If\nthere are English translations of these works? and also if there is any\ncollection of the fierce philippics of Mirabeau?\n\nKENNEDY MCNAB.\n\n    [Mirabeau left a natural son, Lucas Montigny, who published _Memoirs of\n    Mirabeau, Biographical, Literary, and Political_, by Himself, his\n    Uncle, and his adopted Child, 4 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1835.--_Memoirs of\n    C. M. Talleyrand_, 2 vols. 12mo., Lond., 1805. Also his _Life_, 4 vols.\n    8vo., Lond., 1834.--_Memoirs of Joseph Fouch\u00e9_, translated from the\n    French, 2 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1825.]\n\n_\"The Turks in Europe,\" and \"Austria as It Is.\"_--I possess an 8vo. volume\nconsisting of two anonymous publications, which appeared in London in 1828,\none entitled _The Establishment of the Turks in Europe, an Historical\nDiscourse_, and the other _Austria as It Is, or Sketches of Continental\nCourts_, by an Eye-witness. Can you give me the names of the authors?\n\nABHBA.\n\n    [_The Turks in Europe_ is by Lord John Russell: but the author of\n    _Austria as It Is_, we cannot discover; he was a native of the Austrian\n    Empire.]\n\n\"_Forgive, blest Shade._\"--Where were the lines, commencing \"Forgive, blest\nshade,\" first {543} published? I believe it was upon a mural tablet on the\nchancel wall of a small village church in Dorsetshire (Wyke Regis); but I\nhave seen it quoted as from a monument in some church in the Isle of Wight.\n\nThe tablet at Wyke, in Dorset, was erected anonymously, in the night-time,\nupon the east end of the chancel outer wall; but whether they were\n_original_, or copied from some prior monumental inscription, I do not\nknow, and should feel much obliged could any of your readers inform me.\n\nS. S. M.\n\n    [Snow, in his _Sepulchral Gleanings_, p. 44., notices these lines on\n    the tomb of Robert Scott, who died in March, 1806, in Bethnal Green\n    Churchyard. Prefixed to them is the following line: \"The grief of a\n    fond mother, and the disappointed hope of an indulgent father.\" Our\n    correspondent should have given the date of the Wyke tablet.]\n\n_\"Off with his head,\" &c._--Who was the author of the often-quoted line--\n\n \"Off with his head! so much for Buckingham!\"\n\nwhich is not in Shakspeare's _Richard III._?\n\nUNEDA.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n    [Colley Cibber is the author of this line. It occurs in _The Tragical\n    History of Richard III._, altered from Shakspeare, Act IV., near the\n    end.]\n\n\"_Peter Wilkins._\"--Who wrote this book? and when was it published?\n\nUNEDA.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n    [This work first appeared in 1750, and in its brief title is comprised\n    all that is known--all that the curiosity of an inquisitive age can\n    discover--of the history of the work, and name and lineage of the\n    author. It is entitled _The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins, a\n    Cornish Man_. Taken from his own Mouth, in his Passage to England, from\n    off Cape Horn in America, in the ship Hector. By R. S., a passenger in\n    the Hector; Lond. 1750, 2 vols. The dedication is signed R. P. \"To\n    suppose the unknown author,\" remarks a writer in the _Retrospective\n    Review_, vol. vii. p. 121., \"to have been insensible to, or careless\n    about, the fair fame to which a work, original in its conception, and\n    almost unique in purity, did justly entitle him, is to suppose him to\n    have been exempt from the influence of that universal feeling, which is\n    ever deepest in the noblest bosoms; the ardent desire of being long\n    remembered after death--of shining bright in the eyes of their\n    cotemporaries, and, when their sun is set, of leaving behind a train of\n    glory in the heavens, for posterity to contemplate with love and\n    veneration.\"]\n\n_The Barmecides' Feast._--Can you tell me where the story of the Barmecides\nand their famed banquets is to be found?\n\nJ. D.\n\n    [In _The Thousand and One Nights_, commonly called _The Arabian Nights'\n    Entertainments_, Lane's edition, chap. v. vol. i. p. 410. Consult also\n    _The Barmecides_, 1778, by John Francis de la Harpe; and Moreri,\n    _Dictionnaire Historique_, art. Barm\u00e9cides.]\n\n_Captain._--I shall feel greatly obliged by your informing me the proper\nand customary manner of rendering in a Latin epitaph the words \"Captain of\nthe 29th Regiment.\" Ainsworth does not give any word which appears to\nanswer to \"Captain.\" _Ordinum ductor_ is cumbrous and inelegant.\n\nCLERICUS.\n\n    [The words, \"Captain of the 29th Regiment,\" may be thus rendered into\n    Latin: \"Centurio sive Capitanus vicesim\u00e6 non\u00e6 cohortis.\" The word\n    _capitanus_, though not Ciceronian, was in general use for a military\n    captain during the Middle Ages, as appears from Du Cange's _Glossary_:\n    \"Item vos armati et congregati quendam de vobis in _capitaneum_\n    elegistis.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nCOLERIDGE'S UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 496.)\n\nIn an article contained in the Number of \"N. & Q.\" for May the 27th last,\nand signed C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, an inconsiderate, not to say a coarse\nattack has been made upon me, which might have been spared had the writer\nsought a private explanation of the matters upon which he has founded his\ncharge.\n\nHe asks, \"How has Mr. Green discharged the duties of his solemn trust? Has\nhe made any attempt to give publicity to the _Logic_, the 'great work' on\n_Philosophy_, the work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The\nAssertion of Religion_, or the _History of Philosophy_, all of which are in\nhis custody, and of which the first is, on the testimony of Coleridge\nhimself, a finished work?... For the four works enumerated above, Mr. Green\nis responsible.\"\n\nNow, though, by the terms of Coleridge's will, I do not hold myself\n\"responsible\" in the sense which the writer attaches to the term, and\nthough I have acted throughout with the cognizance, and I believe with the\napprobation of Coleridge's family, yet I am willing, and shall now proceed\nto give such explanations as an admirer of Coleridge's writings may desire,\nor think he has a right to expect.\n\nOf the four works in question, the _Logic_--as will be seen by turning to\nthe passage in the Letters, vol. ii. p. 150., to which the writer refers as\n\"the testimony of Coleridge himself\"--is described as _nearly_ ready for\nthe press, though as yet _unfinished_; and I apprehend it may be proved by\nreference to Mr. Stutfield's notes, the gentleman to whom it is there said\nthey were dictated, and who possesses the original copy, that the work\nnever was finished. Of the three parts mentioned as the components of {544}\nthe work, the _Criterion_ and _Organon_ do not to my knowledge exist; and\nwith regard to the other parts of the manuscript, including the _Canon_, I\nbelieve that I have exercised a sound discretion in not publishing them in\ntheir present form and _unfinished_ state.\n\nOf the alleged work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The\nAssertion of Religion_, I have no knowledge. There exist, doubtless, in\nColeridge's handwriting, many notes, detached fragments and marginalia,\nwhich contain criticisms on the Scriptures. Many of these have been\npublished, some have lost their interest by the recent advances in biblical\ncriticism, and some may hereafter appear; though, as many of them were\nevidently not intended for publication, they await a final judgment with\nrespect to the time, form, and occasion of their appearance. But no work\nwith the title above stated, no work with any similar object--except the\n_Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit_--is, as far as I know, in existence.\n\nThe work to which I suppose the writer alludes as the _History of\nPhilosophy_, is in my possession. It was presented to me by the late J.\nHookham Frere, and consists of notes, taken for him by an eminent shorthand\nwriter, of the course of lectures delivered by Coleridge on that subject.\nUnfortunately, however, these notes are wholly unfit for publication, as\nindeed may be inferred from the fact, communicated to me by Coleridge, that\nthe person employed confessed after the first lecture that he was unable to\nfollow the lecturer in consequence of becoming perplexed and delayed by the\nnovelty of thought and language, for which he was wholly unprepared by the\nordinary exercise of his art. If this _History of Philosophy_ is to be\npublished in an intelligible form, it will require to be re-written; and I\nwould willingly undertake the task, had I not, in connexion with\nColeridge's views, other and more pressing objects to accomplish.\n\nI come now to the fourth work, the \"great work\" on _Philosophy_. Touching\nthis the writer quotes from one of Coleridge's letters:\n\n    \"Of this work something more than a volume has been dictated by me, so\n    as to exist fit for the press.\"\n\nI need not here ask whether the conclusion is correct, that because\n\"something more than a volume\" is fit for the press, I am therefore\nresponsible for the whole work, of which the \"something more than a volume\"\nis a part? But--shaping my answer with reference to the real point at\nissue--I have to state, for the information of Coleridge's readers, that,\nalthough in the materials for the volume there are introductions and\nintercalations on subjects of speculative interest, such as to entitle them\nto appear in print, the main portion of the work is a philosophical\n_Cosmogony_, which I fear is scarcely adapted for scientific readers, or\ncorresponds to the requirements of modern science. At all events, I do not\nhesitate to say that the completion of the whole would be requisite for the\nintelligibility of the part which exists in manuscript.\n\nI leave it then to any candid person to decide whether I should have acted\nwisely in risking its committal to the press in its present shape. Whatever\nmay be, however, the opinion of others, I have decided, according to my own\nconscientious conviction of the issue, against the experiment.\n\nBut should some farther explanation be expected of me on this interesting\ntopic, I will freely own that, having enjoyed the high privilege of\ncommunion with one of the most enlightened philosophers of the age--and in\naccordance with his wishes the responsibility rests with me, as far as my\nability extends, of completing his labours,--in pursuance of this trust I\nhave devoted more than the leisure of a life to a work in which I hope to\npresent the philosophic views of my \"great master\" in a systematic form of\nunity--in a form which may best concentrate to a focus and principle of\nunity the light diffused in his writings, and which may again reflect it on\nall departments of human knowledge, so that truths may become intelligible\nin the one light of Divine truth.\n\nMeanwhile I can assure the friends and admirers of Coleridge that nothing\nnow exists in manuscript which would add materially to the elucidation of\nhis philosophical doctrines; and that in any farther publication of his\nliterary remains I shall be guided, as I have been, by the duty which I owe\nto the memory and fame of my revered teacher.\n\nJOSEPH HENRY GREEN.\n\nHadley.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nKING JAMES'S IRISH ARMY LIST, 1689.\n\n(Vol. ix., pp. 30, 31. 401.)\n\nI was much pleased at MR. D'ALTON'S announcement of his work; and I should\nhave responded to it sooner, if I could have had any idea that he did not\npossess King's _State of the Protestants in Ireland_; but his inquiry about\nColonel Sheldon, in Vol. ix., p. 401., shows that he has not consulted that\nwork, where (p. 341.) he will find that Dominick Sheldon was\n\"Lieutenant-General of the Horse.\" But after the enumeration of the General\nStaff, there follows a list of the field officers of eight regiments of\nhorse, seven of dragoons, and fifty of infantry. In Tyrconnel's regiment of\nhorse, Dominick Sheldon appears as lieutenant-colonel. This must have been,\nI suppose, a Sheldon junior, son or nephew of the lieutenant-general of\nhorse. This reference to King's work has suggested to me an idea which I\nventure to suggest to MR. D'ALTON as a preliminary to the larger work on\nIrish family genealogies which he is about, and for which we shall {545}\nhave I fear to wait too long. I mean an immediate reprint (in a separate\nshape) of the several lists of gentlemen of both parties which are given in\nKing's work. This might be done with very little trouble, and, I think,\nwithout any pecuniary loss, if not with actual profit. It would be little\nmore than pamphlet size. The first and most important list would be of the\nnames and designations of all the persons included in the acts of attainder\npassed in King James's Irish Parliament of May, 1689. They are, I think,\nabout two thousand names, with their residences and personal designations;\nand it is interesting to find that a great many of the same families are\nstill seated in the same places. These names I think I should place\nalphabetically in one list, with their designations and residences; and any\nshort notes that MR. D'ALTON might think necessary to correct clerical\nerror, or explain doubtful names: longer notes would perhaps lead too far\ninto family history for the limited object I propose.\n\nIn a second list, I would give the names of King James's parliament, privy\ncouncil, army, civil and judicial departments, as we find them in King,\nadding to them an alphabetical index of names. The whole would then exhibit\na synopsis of the names, residences, and politics of a considerable portion\nof the gentry of Ireland at that important period.\n\nC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBARRELL'S REGIMENT.\n\n(Vol. ix., pp. 63. 159.)\n\nYour correspondent H. B. C. is undoubtedly correct in his statement that\n\"Ten times a day whip the Barrels,\" is a regimental parody on the song \"He\nthat has the best Wife,\" sung in Charles Coffey's musical farce of _The\nDevil to Pay_, published in 1731. Popular songs have been made the subject\nof political or personal parodies from time immemorial; and no more\nfruitful locality for parodies can be found than a barrack, where the\nindividual traits of character are so fully developed, and afford so full a\nscope to the talents of a satirist. Indeed, I knew an officer, who has\nrecently retired from the service, who seized on every popular ballad, and\nparodied it, in connexion with regimental affairs, to the delight of his\nbrother officers; and in many instances his parodies were far more witty\nthan the original comic songs whence they were taken.\n\nAs regards the regiment known as Barrell's, at the period assigned as the\ndate of the song relative to that corps, _i. e._ circa 1747, there can be\nno doubt as to what corps is alluded to. Barrell's regiment, now the 4th,\nor King's Own, regiment of infantry, is the only corps that was ever known\nin the British army as Barrell's; for although Colonel William Barrell was\ncolonel of the present 28th regiment from Sept. 27, 1715, to August 25,\n1730, and of the present 22nd regiment from the latter date to August 8,\n1734, yet neither of these regiments appears to have seen any war-service\nduring the periods that they were commanded by him, or to have been known\nin military history as Barrell's regiments. He was appointed to the 4th\nregiment of infantry August 8, 1734, and retained the command of that\ndistinguished corps exactly fifteen years, for he died August 9, 1749.\nWhile he commanded the regiment it embarked for Flanders, and served the\ncampaign of 1744, under Field-Marshal Wade. It remained in Flanders until\nthe rebellion broke out in Scotland, when it returned to England, and\nmarched from Newcastle-on-Tyne to Scotland in January, 1746, arriving on\nthe 10th of that month at Edinburgh. The regiment was engaged at the battle\nof Falkirk, Jan. 17, 1746, where its conduct is thus noticed in the\n_General Advertiser_: \"The regiments which distinguished themselves were\nBarrell's (King's Own), and Ligonier's foot.\" Ligonier's regiment is now\nthe glorious 48th regiment, of Albuera fame.\n\nAt the battle of Culloden Barrell's regiment gained the greatest reputation\nimaginable; the battle was so desperate that the soldiers' bayonets were\nstained with blood to the muzzles of their muskets; there was scarce an\nofficer or soldier of the regiment, and of that part of Munro's (now 37th\nregiment) which engaged the rebels, that did not kill one or two men each\nwith their bayonets. (_Particulars of the Battle_, published 1746.) Now it\nwill be remembered that your correspondent E. H., Vol. ix., p. 159.,\nrepresents a drummer of the regiment interceding with the colonel for the\nprisoner, by stating that \"he behaved well at Culloden.\" And this leads me\nto the question, Who was the colonel against whom this caricature was\ndirected? It is proved (\"N. & Q.,\" Vol. vii., p. 242.) that regiments were\nknown by the names of their _colonels_, whether commanded personally by the\ncolonel or not, until July 1, 1751, and indeed for several subsequent\nyears.\n\nNow the reference to Culloden renders it probable that the colonel appealed\nto was present at that battle, and perhaps an eye-witness of the personal\nbravery on that occasion of the soldier who was subsequently flogged. But\nalthough Colonel Barrell _retained_ the colonelcy of the 4th Infantry until\nAugust, 1749, yet he was promoted to major-general in 1735, after which\ntime he would have commanded a _division_, not a _regiment_. In 1739 he was\nfarther promoted to lieut.-general, and appointed the same year Governor of\nPendennis Castle, which office would necessarily remove him from the\npersonal command of his regiment. He was not present at the battle of\nCulloden, April 16, 1746, where his regiment was commanded by\nLieut.-Colonel Robert {546} Rich, who was wounded on that occasion. As to\nthe epithet of \"Colonel,\" used by the drummer, that term is always used in\nconversation when addressing a lieutenant-colonel, or even a brevet\nlieutenant-colonel, and its use only proves, therefore, that the officer in\ncommand of the parade held a higher rank than major. After Culloden, the\n4th regiment moved to the Highlands, and in 1747 returned to Stirling. In\n1749 General Barrell died, and the colonelcy of the regiment was given to\nLieut.-Colonel Rich, whom I suspect to be the officer alluded to in the\ncaricature. I have searched the military records of the 4th regiment, but\ncan find no mention of the places at which it was stationed from 1747 to\n1754, in the spring of which year it embarked from Great Britain for the\nMediterranean, just as it is now doing in the spring of 1854. I am inclined\nto fix the date of the print as 1749 (not 1747), when \"Old Scourge\"\n_returned_ to his regiment as colonel, at the decease of General Barrell.\nColonel Rich was not promoted to major-general until Jan. 17, 1758, and his\ncommission as colonel is dated Aug. 22, 1749, the day on which he became\ncolonel of the 4th regiment. He died in 1785, but retired from the service\nbetween the years 1771 and 1776: he succeeded his father as a baronet in\n1768.\n\nG. L. S.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCLAY TOBACCO-PIPES.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 372.)\n\nI was much pleased at reading MR. H. T. RILEY'S Note on this neglected\nsubject, in which I take no small interest, and feel happy in communicating\nthe little amount of information I possess regarding it. I have long\nthought that the habit of smoking, I do not say tobacco, but some other\nherb, is of much greater antiquity than is generally supposed. Tobacco\nappears to have been introduced amongst us about 1586 by Captain R.\nGreenfield and Sir Francis Drake (vide Brand's _Popular Antiquities_); but\nI have seen pipe-bowls of English manufacture, which had been found\n_beneath_ the encaustic pavement of Buildwas Abbey in Shropshire, which\ngives a much earlier date to the practice of smoking _something_. I\nremember an old man, a perfect Dominie Sampson in his way, who had been in\nturn gaoler, pedagogue, and postmaster, at St. Briavel's, near Tintern\nAbbey, habitually smoking the leaves of coltsfoot, which he cultivated on\npurpose; he told me that he could seldom afford to use tobacco. The pipes\nfound in such abundance in the bed of the Thames, and everywhere in and\nabout London, I believe to be of Dutch manufacture; they are identical with\nthose which Teniers and Ostade put into the mouths of their boors, and have\nfor the most part a small pointed heel, a well-defined milled ring around\nthe lip, and bear no mark or name of the maker. Such were the pipes used by\nthe soldiers of the Parliament, to be found wherever they encamped. I will\nonly instance Barton, near Abingdon, on the property of G. Bowyer, Esq.,\nM.P., where I have seen scores while shooting in the fields around the\nruins of the old fortified mansion. The English pipes, on the contrary,\nhave a very broad and flat heel, on which they may rest in an upright\nposition, so that the ashes might not fall out prematurely; and on this\nheel the potter's name or device is usually stamped, generally in raised\ncharacters, though sometimes they are incised. Occasionally the mark is to\nbe found on the side of the bowl. A short time ago I exhibited a series of\nsome five-and-twenty different types at the Arch\u00e6ological Institution, and\nmy collection has been enlarged considerably since. These were principally\nfound in Shropshire and Staffordshire, and appear for the most part to have\nbeen made at Broseley. They are of a very hard and compact clay, which\nretains the impress of the milled ring and the stamp in all its original\nfreshness. I shall feel much obliged by receiving any additional\ninformation upon this subject.\n\nW. J. BERNHARD SMITH.\n\nTemple.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMADAME DE STA\u00cbL.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 451.)\n\nI cannot direct R. A. to the passage in Madame de Sta\u00ebl's works. The German\nbook for which he inquires is not by Schlegel _assisted_ by Fichte, but--\n\n    \"Friedrich Nicolai's Leben und sonderbare Meinungen. Ein Beitrag zur\n    Literatur-Geschichte des vergangenen und zur P\u00e4dagogik des angehenden\n    Jahrhunderts, von Johan Gottlieb Fichte. Herausgegeben von A. W.\n    Schlegel: Tubingen, 1801, 8^o, pp. 130.\"\n\nThere certainly is no ground for the charge that Fichte attacked Nicolai\nwhen he was too old to reply. Nicolai was born in 1733, and died in 1811;\nso that he was sixty-eight when this pamphlet was published. His _Leben\nSempronius Gundiberts_ was published in 1798; and your correspondent H. C.\nR. (Vol. vii., p. 20.) partook of his hospitality in Berlin in 1803.\n\nAs to the provocation, Fichte (at p. 82.) gives an account of attacks on\nhis personal honour; the worst of which seems to be the imputation of\nseeking favourable notices in the _Literary Gazette_ of Jena. In\n_Gundibert_ Fichte's writings were severely handled, but no personal\nimputation was made. I do not know what was said of him in the _Neue\nDeutsche Bibliothek_, but I can hardly imagine any justification for so\nfurious an attack {547} as this on Nicolai. I also concur with Madame de\nSta\u00ebl in thinking the book dull: \"Non est jocus esse malignum.\" It begins\nwith an attempt at grave burlesque, but speedily degenerates into mere\nscolding. Take one example:\n\n    \"Es war sehr wahr, dass aus seinen (Nicolais) H\u00e4nden alles beschmutzt\n    und verdreht herausging; aber es war nicht wahr, das er beschmutzen und\n    verdrehen wollte. Es ward ihm nur so durch die Eigenschaft seiner\n    Natur. Wer m\u00f6chte ein Stinkthier beschuldigen, dass es bohafter Weise\n    alles was es zu sich nehme, in Gestank,--oder die Natter, das sie es in\n    Gift verwandle. Diese Thiere sind daran sehr unschuldig; sie folgen nur\n    ihrer Natur. Eben so unser Held, der nun einmal zum literarischen\n    Stinkthier und der Natter des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts bestimmt war,\n    verbreitete stank um sich, und spritze Gift, nicht aus Bosheit, sondern\n    lediglich durch seine Bestimmung getrieben.\"--P. 78.\n\nThe charge of defiling all he touched will be appreciated by those who have\nread _Sebaldus Nothanker_ and _Sempronius Gundibert_, two of the purest as\nwell as of the cleverest novels of the last century.\n\nH. B. C.\n\nU. U. Club.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCRANMER'S MARTYRDOM.\n\n(Vol. ix., p. 392.)\n\nThe long-received account of a very striking act in the martyrdom of\nCranmer is declared to involve an \"impossibility.\" The question is an\nimportant one in various ways, for it involves moral and religious, as well\nas literary and physiological, considerations of deep interest; but as I\nthink the pages of \"N. & Q.\" not the most appropriate vehicle for\ndiscussion on the former heads, I shall pass them over at present with a\nmere expression of regret that such a subject should have been so mooted\nthere. With reference, then, to the literary evidence in favour of the\nfact, that the noble martyr voluntarily put forth his hand into the hottest\npart of the fire which was raging about him, and burnt it first, the\nhistorians quoted are entirely agreed, differing as they do only in such\ndetails as might seem rather to imply independent testimony than discrepant\nauthority. But the action is declared to be \"utterly impossible, because,\"\n&c. Why beg the question in this way? \"Because,\" says H. B. C., \"the laws\nof physiology and combustion show that he could not have gone beyond _the\nattempt_;\" adding, \"If the hand were chained over the fire, the shock would\nproduce death.\" Leaving the _hypothetical_ reasoning in both cases to go\nfor what it is worth, it would surely be easy to produce facts of almost\nevery week from the evidence given in coroners' inquests, in which persons\nhave had their limbs burnt off--to say nothing of farther injury--without\nthe shock \"producing death.\" The only question then which I think can\nfairly arise, is, whether a person in Cranmer's position could\n_voluntarily_ endure that amount of mutilation by fire which many others\nhave _accidentally_ suffered? This may be matter of opinion, but I have no\ndoubt, and I suppose no truly Christian philosopher will have any, that the\nman who has faith to \"give his body to be burned,\" and to endure heroically\nsuch a form of martyrdom, would be quite able to do what is attributed to\nCranmer, and to Hooper too, \"high medical authority\" to the contrary\nnotwithstanding. I might, indeed, adduce what might be called \"high medical\nauthority\" for my view, _i. e._ the historical evidence of the fact, but I\nthink the bandying of opinions on such a subject undesirable. It would be\nmore to the point, especially if there really existed any ground for\n\"historic doubt\" on the subject, or if there was any good reason for\ncreating one, to cite cotemporaneous evidence against that usually\nreceived. With respect to the heart of the martyr being \"entire and\nunconsumed among the ashes,\" I must be permitted to say that, neither on\nphysiological nor other grounds, does even this alleged fact, taken in its\nplain and obvious meaning, strike me as forming one of the \"impossibilities\nof history.\"\n\nJ. H.\n\nRotherfield.\n\nYour correspondent H. B. C. doubts the possibility of the story about\nCranmer's hand, and says that \"if a furnace were so constructed that a man\nmight hold his hand in the flame without burning his body, the shock to the\nnervous system would deprive him of all command over muscular action before\nthe skin could be entirely consumed. If the hand were chained over the\nfire, the shock would produce death.\" Now, this last assertion I doubt. The\nfollowing is an extract from the account of Ravaillac's execution, given\nwith wonderfully minute details by an eye-witness, and published in\nCimber's _Archives Curieux de l'Histoire de France_, vol. xv. p. 103.:\n\n    \"On le couche sur l'eschaffaut, on attache les chevaux aux mains et aux\n    pieds. Sa main droite perc\u00e9e d'un cousteau fut brusl\u00e9e \u00e0 feu de\n    souphre. Ce mis\u00e9rable, pour veoir comme ceste ex\u00e9crable main rotissoit,\n    eut le courage de hausser la teste et de la secouer pour abattre une\n    \u00e9tincelle de feu qui se prenoit \u00e0 sa barbe.\"\n\nSo far was this from killing him that he was torn with red-hot pincers, had\nmelted lead, &c. poured into his wounds, and he was then \"longuement tir\u00e9,\nretir\u00e9, et promen\u00e9 de tous costez\" by four horses:\n\n    \"S'il y eut quelque pause, ce ne fut que pour donner temps au bourreau\n    de respirer, au patient de se sentir mourir, aux th\u00e9ologiens de\n    l'exhorter \u00e0 dire la v\u00e9rit\u00e9.\"\n\nAnd still:\n\n    \"Sa vie estoit forte et vigoureuse; telle que retirant {548} une fois\n    une des jambes, il arresta le cheval qui le tiroit.\"\n\nI fear your correspondent underrates the power of the human body in\nenduring torture. I have seen a similar account of the execution of\nDamiens, with which I will not shock your readers. The subject is a\nrevolting one, but the truth ought to be known, as it is (most humanely, I\nfully believe) questioned.\n\nG. W. R.\n\nOxford and Cambridge Club.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Difficulties in making soluble Cotton._--In making soluble cotton\naccording to the formula given by Mr. Hadow in the _Photographic Journal_,\nand again by MR. SHADBOLT in \"N. & Q.,\" I have been subject to the most\nprovoking failures, and should feel obliged if MR. SHADBOLT or any other of\nyour correspondents could explain the causes of my failures, which I will\nendeavour to describe.\n\n1st. In using nitrate of potash and sulphuric acid, with a certain quantity\nof water as given, I have _invariably_ found that on adding the cotton to\nthe mixture it became _completely dissolved_, and the mass began to\neffervesce violently, throwing off dense volumes of deep red fumes, and the\nwhole appearing of a similar colour. I at first thought it might be the\nfault of the sulphuric acid; but on trying some fresh, procured at another\nplace, the same effects were produced.\n\nAgain, in using the mixed acids (which I tried, not being successful with\nthe other method) I found, on following Mr. Hadow's plan, that the cotton\nwas also entirely dissolved.\n\nHow is the proper temperature at which the cotton is to be immersed to be\narrived at? Are there any thermometers constructed for the purpose? as, if\none of the ordinary ones, mounted on wood or metal, was used, the acids\nwould attack it, and, I should imagine, prove injurious to the liquids.\n\nAt the same time I would ask the reason why all the negative calotypes I\nhave taken lately, both on Turner's and Sandford's papers, iodized\naccording to DR. DIAMOND'S plan, are never intense, especially the skies,\nby transmitted light, although by reflected light they look of a beautiful\nblack and white. I never used formerly to meet with such a failure; but at\nthat time I used always to wet the plate glass and attach the paper to it,\nmaking it adhere by pressing with blotting-paper, and then exciting with a\nbuckles brush and dilute gallo-nitrate. But the inconvenience attending\nthat plan was, that I was compelled to take out as many double slides as I\nwished to take pictures, which made me abandon it and take to DR. DIAMOND'S\nplan of exciting them and placing them in a portfolio for use. I imagine\nthe cause of their not being so intense is the not exposing them while wet.\n\nA bag made of yellow calico, single thickness, has been recommended for\nchanging the papers in the open air. I am satisfied it will not do,\nespecially if the sun is shining; it may do in some shady places, but I\nhave never yet seen any yellow calico so fine in texture as not to allow of\nthe rays of light passing through it, unless two or three times doubled. I\nhave proved to my own satisfaction that the papers will not bear exposure\nin a bag of single thickness, without browning over immediately the\ndeveloping fluid is applied.\n\nWith regard to the using of thin collodion, as recommended by Mr. Hardwick\nin the last Number of the _Photographic Journal_, I am satisfied it is the\nonly plan of producing thoroughly good positives; and I have been in the\nhabit of thinning down collodion in the same manner for a long time,\nfinding that I produced much better pictures with about half the time of\nexposure necessary for a thick collodion.\n\nH. U.\n\n_Light in Cameras._--I cannot sufficiently express my acknowledgments to\n\"N. & Q.\" for the photographic benefits I have derived from its perusal,\nmore especially from the communication in No. 240. of LUX IN CAMERA. Since\nI took up the art some months ago, I have had (with two or three\nexceptions) nothing but a succession of failures, principally from the\nbrowning of the negatives, and on examining my camera, as recommended by\nLUX IN CAMERA, I find it lets in a blaze of light from the cause he\nmentions[3], and thence doubtless my disappointments. But why inflict this\nhistory upon you? I inclose for your acceptance the best photograph I have\nyet produced from DR. DIAMOND'S \"Simplicity of the Calotype.\" Printed from\nDelamotte's directions:--\n\nFirst preparation, 5 oz. of aq. dist.; \u00bc oz. of muriate of ammonia.\n\nSecond process, floating on solution 60 grains of nitrate of silver, 1\nounce of distilled water.\n\nIs there any better plan than the above?\n\nCHARLES K. PROBERT.\n\nP.S.--The view inclosed is the porch and transept of Newport Church, Essex,\nfrom the Parsonage garden. Is it printed too dark? I wish I could get the\ngrey and white tints I saw in the Photographic Exhibition.[4] Had your\nreaders behaved with ordinary gratitude, your photographic portfolio ought\nto have overflowed by this time.\n\n[Footnote 3: It was an expensive one, bought of one of the principal houses\nfor the supply of photographic apparatus, &c.]\n\n[Footnote 4: [Some of the best specimens of these tints were forwarded to\nus by MR. PUMPHREY, accompanying the description of his process, printed in\nour eighth volume, p. 349.--ED. \"N. & Q.\"]]\n\n_Cameras._--The note of LUX IN CAMERA has brought in more than one letter\nof thanks; and a valued correspondent has written to us, suggesting \"That\nthe attention of the Photographic Society, who have as yet done far less\nthan they might have done to advance the Art, should be _at once_ turned,\nand that seriously and earnestly, to the production of a light, portable,\nand effective camera for field purposes; one which, at the same time that\nit has the advantages of lightness and portability, should be capable of\nresisting our variable climate.\" Our correspondent throws out a hint which\npossibly may be adopted with advantage, {549} that papier mach\u00e9 has many of\nthe requisites desired, being very firm, light, and impervious to wet.\n\n_Progress of Photography._--As a farther contribution to the History of\nPhotography, we have been favoured with the following copy of a letter from\na well-known amateur, which details in a graphic manner his early\nphotographic experiences.\n\n\"As there is a sort of reflux of the tide to Mr. Fox Talbot's plan, and\ndifferent people have succeeded best in different ways, it may amuse you to\nhear how I _used_ to work, with better luck than I have had since.\n\n\"Mr. Talbot's sensitive wash was very strong, so he floated his paper upon\ndistilled water immediately after its application.\n\n\"Mr. G. S. Cundell, of Finsbury Circus, diluted the sensitive wash with\nwater, instead of floating the paper. Amateurs date their success from the\ntime Mr. Cundell published this simple modification of the original\nprocess.\n\n\"Mr. William Hunt, of Yarmouth, was my first friend and instructor in the\nart; and _if_ there be any merit in the pictures I did before I knew you,\nthe credit is due to _him entirely_.\n\n\"The first paper we tried was Whatman's ivory post, very thick and hard,\nand yet it gave good negatives. We afterwards got a thinner paper, but\nalways stuck to Whatman. Neither were we troubled with that _porosity_ in\nthe skies of which you complain in the more recently-made papers of that\nmanufacturer.\n\n\"We first washed the paper with a solution of nitrate of silver, fifteen\ngrains to the ounce, going over the surface in all directions with a\ncamel-hair brush. As soon as the fluid ceased to run, the paper was\n_rapidly dried before the fire_, and then immersed in a solution of iodide\nof potassium, 500 grains to the pint of water. We used to draw it through\nthe solution frequently by the corners, and then let it lie till the yellow\ntint was visible at the back. It was then immediately taken to the pump and\npumped upon vigorously for two or three minutes, holding it at such an\nangle that the water flushed softly over the surface. We then gave it a few\nminutes in a rain-water bath, inclining the dish at different angles to\ngive motion to the water. By this time the iodide of silver looked like\npure solid brimstone in the wet paper. Then we knew that it was good, and\nhung it up to dry.\n\n\"To make this paper sensitive, we took 5 drops of gallic acid (saturated\nsolution), 5 drops of glacial acetic acid, 10 drops of a 50-grain solution\nof nitrate of silver, and 100 drops of water. The sensitive wash was poured\nupon a glass plate, and the paper placed thereon. We used to lift the paper\nfrequently by one or other corner till it was perfectly limp. We then\nblotted off and placed in the camera, where it would keep a good many\nhours.\n\n\"Whether such pictures would have come out spontaneously under the\ndeveloping solution, I know not, for we had not patience enough to try. We\nforced them out in double quick time with red-hot pokers; and great was the\nalarm of my wife to see me rush madly about the house armed with these\nweapons. Yet the plan had its advantages; by presenting the point of the\npoker at a refractory spot, its reluctance to appear was speedily overcome,\nand we persuaded out the shadows.\n\n* * *\n\n\"P.S.--I now have the first picture I ever did, little, if at all, altered.\nIt was done in July, 1845, with a common meniscus lens. I have just got a\n_capital negative_ by DR. DIAMOND'S plan, but which is spoiled by the\nmetallic abominations in Turner's paper.\"\n\n_A Collodion Difficulty._--With reference to MR. J. COOK'S collodion, I\nwould suggest that his ether was indeed \"still very strong\" of _acid_; by\nwhich the iodine was set free, and gave him \"nearly a port-wine colour.\"\nThis is a common occurrence when the ether or the collodion is acid. The\nremedy is at hand, however. Powder a few grains of _cyanide of potassium_,\nand introduce about a grain at a time, according to the quantity: shake up\ntill dissolved, and so on, until you get the clear golden tint. Thus will\n\"the mystery be cleared up.\" I need not say that the essential properties\nof the solution will not be impaired.\n\nANDREW STEINMETZ.\n\nP.S.--In a day or two I shall send you a _recipe_ for easily turning to\nimmediate use the \"used-up dipping baths\" of _nitrate_, without the\ntroublesome process recommended to one of your correspondents.\n\n_Ferricyanide of Potassium._--I have used with success the ferricyanide of\npotassium (the _red_ prussiate of potash, as it is called) for removing the\nstains contracted in photographing. This it does very readily when the\nstains are recent, and it has no injurious effect upon cuts and sore places\nshould any exist on the hands. An old stain may with a little pumice be\nvery readily removed. I have mentioned this to several friends, and, if not\na novelty, it is certainly not generally known.\n\nS. PELHAM DALE.\n\nSion College.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Postage System of the Romans_ (Vol. ix., p. 350.).--Your correspondent\nARDELIO probably alludes to the system of posts for the conveyance of\npersons, established by the Romans on their great lines of road. An account\nof this may be seen in the work of Bergier, _Histoire des Grands Chemins de\nl'Empire Romain_, lib. iv.; and compare Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_, chap.\nxvii. Communications were made from Rome to the governors of provinces, and\ninformation was received from them, by means of these posts: see Suet.\n_Oct._ c. xlix. But the Romans had no public institution for the conveyance\nof private letters. A letter post is a comparatively modern institution; in\nEngland it only dates from the reign of James I. An account of the ancient\nPersian posts is given by Xenoph. _Cyrop._ VIII. vi. \u00a7 17, 18.; Herod.\nviii. 98.: compare Schleusner, _Lex. N. T._ in [Greek: angareu\u00f4].\n\nL.\n\nAs a proof that there is at least one eminent exception to the assertion of\nARDELIO, that \"_we_ know that the Romans must have had a postal system,\" I\nsend the following extract from Dr. William {550} Smith's _Dictionary of\nGreek and Roman Antiquities_, sub voc. Tabellarius:\n\n    \"As the Romans had no public post, they were obliged to employ special\n    messengers, who were called Tabellarii, to convey their letters, when\n    they had not an opportunity of sending them otherwise.\"\n\n[Greek: Halieus].\n\nDublin.\n\n_Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and Bononcini_ (Vol. ix., p.\n445.).--This epigram, which has frequently been printed as Swift's, was\nwritten by Dr. Byrom of Manchester. In his very interesting _Diary_, which\nis shortly about to appear under the able editorship of my friend Dr.\nParkinson in the series of Chetham publications, Byrom mentions it.\n\n    \"Nourse asked me if I had seen the verses upon Handel and Bononcini,\n    not knowing that they were mine; but Sculler said I was charged with\n    them, and so I said they were mine; they both said they had been\n    mightily liked.\"--Byrom's _Remains_ (Cheetham Series), vol. i. part i.\n    p. 173.\n\nThe verses are thus more correctly given in Byrom's _Works_, vol. i. p.\n342., edit. 1773:\n\n \"_Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and Bononcini._\n\n  Some say, compar'd to Bononcini,\n  That Mynheer Handel's but a ninny;\n  Others aver that he to Handel\n  Is scarcely fit to hold a candle:\n  Strange all this difference should be,\n 'Twixt Tweedledum and Tweedledee!\"\n\nJAS. CROSSLEY.\n\n_Power of prophesying before Death_ (Vol. ii., p. 116.).--In St. Gregory's\n_Dialogues_, b. IV. ch. xxv., the disciple asks,--\n\n    \"Velim scire quonam modo agitur quod plerumque morientes multa\n    pr\u00e6dicunt.\"\n\nThe answer begins (ch. xxvi.),--\n\n    \"Ipsa aliquando animarum vis subtilitate sua aliquid pr\u00e6videt.\n    Aliquando autem exitur\u00e6 de corpore anim\u00e6 per revelationem ventura\n    cognoscunt. Aliquando vero dum jam juxta sit ut corpus deserant,\n    divinitus afflat\u00e6 in secreta coelestia incorporeum mentis oculum\n    mittunt.\"\n\nJ. C. R.\n\n_King John_ (Vol. ix., p. 453.).--I cannot reply to the Queries of\nPRESTONIENSIS, but I have a note of a grant made by John (as _Com.\nMoritoni\u00e6_) of the tithes of the parishes between Rible and Merse, which\nappears to have received the Bishop of Coventry's confirmation, _ap.\nCestriam, an. 2 Pont. Pap\u00e6 Coelestini_. John's grant was to the Priory of\nLancaster. My reference is to Madox, _Formulare Anglicanum_, Lond. 1702, p.\n52, MXCVI. The deed is witnessed by Adam de Blakeburn and Robert de\nPreston, as well as by Phil. Sanson (De Worcester?) and others.\n\nANON.\n\n_Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets_ (Vol. ix., p. 494.).--H. B. C.\nwill find another passage, illustrative of this presumption, in Henry\nKnyghton's _Chronica_:\n\n    \"De isto quoque Henrico, quondam infantulo et in curia regis Francorum\n    nutrito, beatus Bernardus Abbas de eo sic prophetavit, pr\u00e6sente rege,\n    _De Diabolo venit, et ad Diabolum ibit_: Notans per hoc tam tyrannidem\n    patris sui Galfridi, qui Sagiensem episcopum eunuchaverat, quam etiam\n    istius Henrici futuram atrocitatem qua in beatum Thomam\n    des\u00e6viret.\"--Twysden, _Hist. Angl. Scriptores_, pp. 2393. 32., and\n    2399. 10.\n\nC. H.\n\n_Burial Service Tradition_ (Vol. ix., p. 451.).--The only cases in which a\nclergyman is legally justified in refusing to read the entire service over\nthe body of a parishioner or other person admitted to burial in the\nparochial cemetery, are the three which are mentioned in the preliminary\nrubric, which, as expounded by the highest authorities, are as follows: 1.\nIn case the person died without admission to the universal church by\nChristian baptism. 2. Or \"denounced 'excommunicate majori excommunicatione'\nfor some grievous and notorious crime, and no man able to testify of his\nrepentance.\" (Canon 68.) 3. Or _felo de se_; for in a case of suicide the\nacquittal of the deceased by a coroner's jury entitles him to Christian\nburial. The extraordinary notion of the clergyman, mentioned by the REV. S.\nADAMS, is certainly erroneous in law. I can only suppose it originated from\nsome case in which the severance of the deceased's right hand was regarded\nby the jury as a proof that he did not kill himself. Except in certain\nspecial cases, none but parishioners are entitled to burial in a parochial\nburying-place at all.\n\nADVOCATUS.\n\n_Paintings of our Saviour_ (Vol. ix., p. 270.).--Your correspondent J. P.\nmay hear of something to his advantage by visiting the church of Santa\nPrassede (Saint Praxedes?), not far from Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. In\nthe former he will see, as usual, a list of wonderful relics preserved\ntherein, and amongst them \"A Portrait of the Saviour, presented by St.\nPeter to Santa Prassede.\" A valuable gift, truly, if only authentic. The\nname of the artist is not given, I believe, in the above veracious\ndocument. They had better have made the catalogue complete by putting in\nthe name of St. Luke himself, whose pencil, I rather think, is stated to\nhave furnished other such portraits elsewhere. \"Credat Jud\u00e6us!\"\n\nThe Santa Prassede above alluded to is stated to have been a daughter of\nPudens, mentioned in the Epistles of St. Paul.\n\nM. H. R.\n\n_Widdrington Family_ (Vol. ix., p. 375.).--The church of Nunnington, near\nHelmsly, in the North {551} Riding of Yorkshire, contains two handsome\nmarble monuments of Lords Preston and Widdrington. The old hall at\nNunnington, now occupied by a farmer, was once the seat of Viscount\nPreston, and afterwards of Lord Widdrington. William, Lord Widdrington, who\nis said to be descended from the brave Witherington, celebrated in Chevy\nChace for having fought upon his stumps, was of the very noble and ancient\nfamily of the Widdringtons of Widdrington Castle, in the county of\nNorthumberland; and great-grandson of the brave Lord Widdrington who was\nslain gallantly fighting in the service of the crown at Wigan, in\nLancashire, in 1651. William, his grandson, was unfortunately engaged in\nthe affair of Preston in 1715, when his estate became forfeited to the\ncrown, and he afterwards confined himself to private life. He married a\ndaughter of the Lord Viscount Preston above mentioned, one of the\nco-heiresses of the estate at Nunnington, and was in consequence buried in\nthe family vault in 1743, aged sixty-five. For other particulars of the\nfamily of Widdrington, see Camden's _Britannia_.\n\nTHOMAS GILL.\n\nEasingwold.\n\n_Mathew, a Cornish Family_ (Vol. ix., pp. 22. 289.).--I fear I cannot give\nthe REV. H. T. ELLACOMBE much information on the point he desires of the\ndescent of the Devon and Cornwall branches of the Mathew family, which I\nyet entertain the hope some of your readers having access to the Cambrian\ngenealogical lore at Dinevawr, Penline, Margam, Fonmon, and other places,\nmay be able to graft correctly on their Welsh tree.\n\nI was unable to corroborate in the British Museum the marriages given in\nthe Heralds' Visitation of Devon, with Starkey and Gamage. Did a son of\nReynell of Malston by an heir of Mathew take that name?\n\nMR. ELLACOMBE will find by the Heralds' Visitation that _both_ of the West\nof England branches settled before 1650 in Cornwall, the one at Tresingher,\nthe other at Milton; but that of the former, William married Elizabeth\nWellington, and John married Rebecca Soame, both reverting to settle in\nDevonshire, from whom, perhaps, his ancestress derives.\n\nB.\n\nBirkenhead.\n\n\"[Greek: Pistis],\" _unde deriv._ (Vol. ix., p. 324.).--The perfect\nimpossibility of deriving this word from [Greek: Hist\u00eami] is at once\nevident, on the following grounds: 1. To obtain the letter [pi], recourse\nis had to the compound form [Greek: ephistamai]; but where have we a\nsimilar instance, in any derived word, of the [epsilon] in [Greek: epi]\nbeing thus absorbed, and the [pi] taken to commence a fresh word? 2.\nAllowing such an extraordinary process, what possible meaning of [Greek:\nephistamai] can be adduced in the slightest degree corresponding to the\nestablished interpretation of [Greek: pistis]?\n\nThrowing aside the termination [Greek: -is], we obtain the letters [Greek:\npist-], which a very slight knowledge of etymology enables us to trace back\nto [Greek: peith\u00f4]; for the stem of this verb is [Greek: PITH] (cf. Aor. 2.\n[Greek: epithon]), and the formation of the adjective [Greek: pistos] from\n[Greek: pe-peist-ai] is clearly analogous to that of the word in question,\nthe long syllable and diphthong [Greek: ei] being altered into the short\nand single letter [Greek: i], to which many similar instances may be\nadduced.\n\n[Phi].\n\nThere is no doubt as to the derivation of [Greek: pistis] from [Greek:\npeith\u00f4]. Compare [Greek: kn\u00eastis] from [Greek: kna\u00f4] or [Greek: kn\u00eath\u00f4],\n[Greek: pristis] or [Greek: pr\u00eastis] from [Greek: pr\u00eath\u00f4], [Greek: pustis]\nfrom [Greek: punthanomai]. Verbs of this form introduce the [Greek: s] into\nthe future and other inflected tenses, as [Greek: peis\u00f4], [Greek:\npeusomai].\n\nL.\n\n_Author of \"The Whole Duty of Man\"_ (Vol. vi., p. 537.).--It is asserted in\nthe _English Baronetage_ (vol. i. p. 398., 1741), on the authority of Sir\nHerbert Perrot Pakington, Bart., in support of the claim of Lady Pakington\nto the authorship, \"the _manuscript, under her own hand_, now remains with\nthe family.\" Can this MS. now be found?\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_Table-turning_ (Vol. ix., pp. 88. 135., &c.).--In turning over Sozomen's\n_Ecclesiastical History_, I observed at b. VI. ch. 34. an account of the\ntransaction already printed in your pages from Ammianus Marcellinus. It is\nin brief as follows:--Certain philosophers who were opposed to Christianity\nwere anxious to learn who should succeed Valens in the empire. After trying\nall other kinds of divination, they constructed a tripod (or table with\nthree legs: see Servius on Virgil, _\u00c6n._ III. 360.) of laurel wood, and by\nmeans of certain incantations and formul\u00e6, succeeded (by combining the\nletters which were indicated, one by one, by a contrivance of some kind\nconnected with the table) in obtaining Th. E. O. D. Now, being anxious and\nhopeful for one Theodorus to succeed to the throne, they concluded that he\nwas meant. Valens, hearing of it, put him and them to death, and many\nothers whose names began with these letters.\n\nOn referring to Socrates, I find that he also names the circumstances just\nalluded to. Although he does not give all the particulars, he adds one\nimportant statement, which serves to identify the thing more closely with\nmodern table-moving and spirit-rapping. \"The devil,\" he says, \"induced\ncertain curious persons to practise _divination, by calling up the spirits\nof the dead_ ([Greek: nekuomanteian poi\u00easasthai]), in order to find out who\nshould reign after Valens.\" They succeeded in obtaining the letters Th. E.\nO. D.\n\nI observe a reference to Nicephorus, b. XI. 45., but have not his works at\nhand to consult. {552}\n\nThe use of _laurel_, in the construction of the table, seems to connect the\noccurrences with the worship of Apollo. Those who would investigate the\nsubject fully must consult such passages in the classics as this from Lucan\n[Lucretius?], lib. i. 739-40.:\n\n \"Sanctius et multo certa ratione magis, quam\n  Pythia, qu\u00e6 _tripode_ ex Phoebi _lauro_que profatur.\"\n\nI have a reference to Le Nourry, p. 1345., who, I see, has some remarks\nupon the passage already given from Tertullian; he, however, throws little\nlight upon the subject.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN (Vol. viii., p. 330.) says, \"It is not unreasonable to\nsuppose that table-turning ... was practised in former ages:\" to this I\nthink we may now subscribe.\n\nB. H. C.\n\nPoplar.\n\n_Pedigree to the Time of Alfred_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.; Vol. ix., p.\n233.).--The person S. D. met at the \"King's Head,\" Egham, was doubtless Mr.\nJohn Wapshott of Chertsey, Surrey (late of Almoner's Barn Farm in that\nneighbourhood), an intelligent, respectable yeoman, who would feel much\npleasure in giving S. D. any information he may require.\n\nB. S. ELCOCK.\n\nBath.\n\n_Quotation wanted_ (Vol. ix., p. 421.).--\"Extinctus amabitur idem,\" is from\n_Horace_, Epist. II. i. 14. (See Vol. vii., p. 81.)\n\nP. J. F. GANTILLON.\n\n\"_Hic locus odit, amat._\"--In Vol. v. of \"N. & Q.,\" at p. 8., \"PROCURATOR\"\ngives the two quaintly linked lines--\n\n \"Hic locus odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat\n  Nequitiam, leges, crimina, jura probos.\"\n\nas \"carved in a beam over the Town Hall of Much Wenlock, in Shropshire.\"\nThey are to be found also in the ancient hall of judicature of the \"Palazzo\ndel Podesta,\" at Pistoja, in Tuscany. The ancient stone seats, with their\nstone table in front of them, where the magistrates of the republic\nadministered justice in the days of the city's independence, are still\nremaining, and these lines are cut in the stone just over the benches. This\nsimple and primitive tribunal was built as it now stands in 1307, and there\ncan be no doubt that the verses in question existed there before they found\ntheir way to Much Wenlock. But as it is hardly likely that they travelled\ndirect from Tuscany into Shropshire, the probability is that they may be\nfound in some other, or perhaps in many other places. I have not been able\nto light on any clue to the authorship or history of the lines. Perhaps\nsome of your correspondents, who have the means of wider researches than\nthis city commands, might be more fortunate.\n\nT. A. T.\n\nFlorence, March, 1854.\n\n_Writings of the Martyr Bradford_ (Vol. ix., p. 450.).--In reply to MR.\nTOWNSEND'S inquiry respecting early editions of Bradford's writings, I can\nadd to the information furnished by the Editor that the copy of his _Hurt\nof Hearyng Masse_, sold at Mr. Jolley's sale, was purchased subsequently of\nMr. Thorpe, and deposited in the Chetham Library. This edition is not\nnoticed by Watt.\n\nIn Stevens's _Memoirs of the Life and Martyrdom of John Bradford, with his\nExaminations, Letters, &c._, there is no mention of the letter _ad calcem_\nof--\n\n    \"An Account of a Disputation at Oxford, Anno Domini 1554. With a\n    Treatise of the Blessed Sacrament; both written by Bishop Ridley,\n    Martyr. To which is added a Letter written by Mr. John Bradford, never\n    before printed. All taken out of an original manuscript [and published\n    by Gilbert Ironside], Oxford, 1688, 4to.\"\n\nBIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.\n\n_Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house_ (Vol. ix., p. 492.).--Your\ncorrespondent L. L. L. gives this inscription as follows:\n\n           \"Fiat Justitia,\n                1619.\n              H\u00e6c domus\n  Dit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,\n  Equitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos.\"\n\nThis couplet, in its correct form, evidently stood thus:\n\n \"H\u00e6c custodit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,\n    \u00c6quitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos.\"\n\nThat is to say,\n\n    \"Custodit \u00e6quitiam, amat pacem, punit crimina, conservat jura, honorat\n    bonos.\"\n\nThe substantive of _\u00e6quus_ is _\u00e6quitas_, not _\u00e6quitia_. If these verses\nwere composed in good Latinity, the first word of the pentameter probably\nwas _justitiam_.\n\nL.\n\n_Blanco White's Sonnet_ (Vol. vii., pp. 404. 486.; Vol. ix., p.\n469.).--This sonnet is so beautiful, that I hope it will suffer no\ndisparagement in the eyes of any of your admiring readers, if I remind them\nof a passage in Sir Thomas Browne's _Quincunx_, which I conceive may have\ninspired the brilliant genius of Blanco White on this occasion. I regret\nthat I have not the precise reference to the passage:\n\n    \"_Light_\" (says Browne) \"_that makes things seen, makes some things\n    invisible_. Were it not for darkness, and the shadow of the earth, _the\n    noblest part of creation had remained unseen_, and _the stars in heaven\n    as invisible_ as on the fourth day, when they were created above the\n    horizon _with the sun_, or there was not an eye to behold them. The\n    greatest mystery of religion is expressed by adumbration; and, in the\n    noblest part of the Jewish types, we find the cherubim shadowing the\n    {553} mercy-seat. _Life itself is but the shadow of death_, and souls\n    departed but the shadows of the living: all things fall under this\n    name. _The sun itself is but the dark simulacrum_, and _light but the\n    shadow of God_!\"\n\nJ. SANSOM.\n\nOxford.\n\n_\"Wise men labour,\" &c._ (Vol. ix., p. 468.).--The following version of\nthese lines is printed in the _Collection of Loyal Songs, written against\nthe Rump Parliament between the Years 1639-1661_:\n\n \"_Complaint._\n\n \"Wise men suffer, good men grieve,\n  Knaves devise and fools believe;\n  Help, O Lord! send aid unto us,\n  Else knaves and fools will quite undo us.\"\n\nThese four lines constitute the whole of the piece, which is anonymous:\nvol. i. p. 27., and also on the title-page.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n    [We are indebted to S-C. P. J. for a similar reply.]\n\n_Copernicus_ (Vol. ix., p. 447.).--This inscription, as given in \"N. & Q.,\"\ncontains two false quantities, _Gr[=a]tiam_ and _V[=e]niam_. May I suggest\nthe transposal of the two words, and then all will be right, at least as to\n_prosody_, which, in Latin poetry, seems to override all other\nconsiderations.\n\nC. DE LA PRYME.\n\nN.B.--What is the nominative to poor _dederat_?\n\n_Meals, Meols_ (Vol. vii., pp. 208. 298.; Vol. ix., p. 409.).--The word\n\"mielles\" is of frequent occurrence in Normandy and the Channel Islands,\nwhere it is applied to sandy downs bordering the sea-shore. It is not to be\nfound in French dictionaries, and, like the words _hougue_, _falaise_, and\nothers in use in Normandy, has probably come down from the Northmen, who\ngave their name to that province.\n\nEDGAR MACCULLOCH.\n\nGuernsey.\n\n_Byron and Rochefoucauld_ (Vol. ix., p. 347.).--Allow me to refer your\ncorrespondent SIGMA to \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. i., p. 260., where, under the\nsignature of MELANION, I noted Byron's two unacknowledged obligations to\n_La Rochefoucauld_, and the blunder made in the note on _Don Juan_, canto\niii. st. 4. SIGMA will also find these and other passages from Byron given\namong the notes in the translation of _La Rochefoucauld_, published in 1850\n(June) by Messrs. Longman and Co.\n\nC. FORBES.\n\nTemple.\n\n_Robert Eden_ (Vol. ix., p. 374.).--Robert Eden, Archdeacon and Prebendary\nof Winchester, was the son of Robert Eden, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The\nEdens of Auckland and the Edens of Newcastle were descended from two\nbrothers. The Archdeacon was fourth cousin of the first baronet. His\ndaughter, Mary, married Ebenezer Blackwell, Esq., and their daughter,\nPhiladelphia, married Lieut.-Col. G. R. P. Jarvis, of Doddington, in\nLincolnshire. I am descended from a first cousin of the Archdeacon, and\ncould furnish R. E. C., if I knew his address, with farther particulars\nrespecting the Edens of Newcastle.\n\nE. H. A.\n\n_Dates of Maps_ (Vol. ix., p. 396.).--I think the answer to MR. WARDEN'S\nvery just complaint respecting maps not being _dated_ is easily accounted\nfor, much more easily, I fear, than reformed. The last published map is\nconsidered the most exact and useful; it, therefore, is the interest of the\nmap-seller to sell off all of the old ones that he can; hence it is\ndifficult, unless some pains are taken, to ascertain which is the last. A.\npublishes a new map of France, B. then publishes one; but _both_ avoid\nputting the date, as the oldest date would sell fewer, and the newer map\nproprietor expects a still newer one soon to appear. By A. I do not mean to\nallude to Mr. Arrowsmith in particular, who is one of the best, if not the\nbest, map-seller we have. But why are large military map-sellers so much\ndearer with us than on the Continent? I must except the Ordnance map, which\nis now sold cheaply, thanks entirely to Mr. Hume's exertions in parliament.\n\nA. (1)\n\n_Miss Elstob_ (Vol. iii., p. 497.).--This surname is so uncommon that I\nhave met with but three instances of persons bearing it; one was the lady\nreferred to by your correspondent, the second was her brother, the Rev.\nWilliam Elstob, and the third was Dryden Elstob, who served for some time\nin the 3rd Light Dragoons, and also, I believe, in the Royal Navy,--at\nleast I know that he used to wear a naval uniform in the streets of London.\nI believe that the family was settled at one time at Newcastle-on-Tyne.[5]\nWhat is known of the family?\n\nJUVERNA.\n\n[Footnote 5: [Both William Elstob and his learned sister were born at\nNewcastle-upon-Tyne, of which place their father, Ralph Elstob, was a\nmerchant.]]\n\n_Corporation Enactments_ (Vol. ix., p. 300.).--Your correspondent ABHBA\nhaving omitted to mention where he found the curious piece of information\nwhich under this title he supplied to you, I beg leave to supply the\ndeficiency. The same paragraph, nearly _verbatim_, has been long since\npublished in a book which is by no means rare, the _Dublin Penny Journal_,\nvol. i. p. 226. (No. 29, January 12, 1833), where it appears thus:\n\n    \"In the town books of the corporation of Youghal, among many other\n    singular enactments of that body, are two which will now be regarded as\n    curiosities. In the years 1680 and 1700, a cook and a barber were made\n    freemen, on condition that they should severally {554} dress the\n    mayor's feasts, and shave the corporation--gratis!\"\n\nIs not this the very paragraph which has been supplied to you as an\noriginal? The attempt to disguise it by the alteration of two or three\nwords is below criticism. Surely, if passages from common or easily\naccessible books are to occupy valuable space in the pages of \"N. & Q.,\" it\nis not too much to expect that reference be honestly given to the work\nwhich may be cited.\n\nARTERUS.\n\nDublin.\n\n_Misapplication of Terms_ (Vol. ix., p. 361.).--Your correspondent is quite\nentitled to the references he demands, and which I had considered\nsuperfluous. I beg to refer him to the school dictionaries in use by my\nboys, viz. Mr. Young's and Dr. Carey's edition of _Ainsworth_, abridged by\nDr. Morell; also to the following, all I possess, viz. Dr. Adam\nLittleton's, 4to. 4th ed., 1703; Robertson's ed. of _Gouldman_, 4to., 1674;\nand Gesner's _Thesaurus_, 4 vols. fol. I may add that the observations of\nHorne Tooke are quite to my mind, especially when applied to the \"legendary\nstories of nurses and old women.\" (Todd's _Johnson_.)\n\nWorking in the same direction as your correspondent who has caused this\ninvasion of your space, I cannot resist the opportunity of protesting\nagainst the use of \"opened up\" and \"opened out,\" as applied to the\ndevelopments of national enterprise and industry. These expressions, common\nto many, and frequently to be read in the \"leading journal,\" stand a fair\nchance of becoming established vulgarisms. It is, however, something worse\nthan slipshod when a paper of equal pretension, and more particularly\naddressed to the families of the educated classes, informs its readers\n\"that some of the admirers of the late Justice Talfourd contemplate the\nerection of a _cenotaph over his grave_ in the cemetery at Norwood.\"\n(_Illustrated News_, March 25, 1854.)\n\nSQUEERS.\n\nDotheboys.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.\n\nOn the publication of the first volume of Mr. Peter Cunningham's edition of\n_The Works of Oliver Goldsmith_, we did not hesitate to pronounce it \"the\nbest, handsomest, and cheapest edition of Goldsmith which has ever issued\nfrom the press.\" The work is now completed by the publication of the fourth\nvolume, which contains Goldsmith's Biographies; Reviews; Animated Nature;\nCock Lane Ghost; Vida's Game of Chess (now first printed as it has been\nfound transcribed in Goldsmith's handwriting from the original MS. in the\npossession of Mr. Bolton Corney), and his Letters. And after a careful\nrevision of the book, we do not hesitate to repeat our original opinion. It\nis a book which every lover of Goldsmith will delight to place upon his\nshelves.\n\nWe have to congratulate Mr. Darling, and also all who are interested in any\nway in theological literature, on the completion of that portion of his\n_Cyclop\u00e6dia Bibliographica_ which gives us, under the names of the authors,\nan account, not only of the best works extant in various branches of\nliterature, but more particularly on those important divisions, biblical\ncriticism, commentaries, sermons, dissertations, and other illustrations of\nthe Holy Scriptures; the constitution, government, and liturgies of the\nChristian Church; ecclesiastical history and biography; the works of the\nFathers, and all the most eminent Divines. We sincerely trust that a work\nso obviously useful, and which has been so carefully compiled, will meet\nwith such encouragement as will justify Mr. Darling in very speedily going\nto press with the second and not less important division--that in which, by\nan alphabetical arrangement of subjects, a ready reference may be made to\nbooks, treatises, sermons, and dissertations on nearly all heads of\ndivinity, theological controversy, or ecclesiastical inquiry. The utility\nof such an Index is too obvious to require one word of argument in its\nfavour.\n\nThe subject of the non-purchase of the Faussett Collection by the Trustees\nof the British Museum was brought before Parliament by Mr. Ewart on\nThursday, 1st June, when copies were ordered to be laid before the House of\nCommons \"of all reports, memorials, or other communications to or from the\nTrustees of the British Museum on the subject of the Faussett Collection of\nAnglo-Saxon Antiquities.\"\n\nBOOKS RECEIVED.--Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of England_, Vol.\nVI. This volume is entirely occupied with the biography of Mary Beatrice of\nModena, the Queen of James II., in which Miss Strickland has availed\nherself of a large mass of inedited materials.--_Selections from the\nWritings of the Rev. Sydney Smith_, forming Nos. 61. and 62. of Longman's\n_Traveller's Library_, and containing his admirable Essays on Education,\nthe Ballot, American Debts, Wit and Humour, the Conduct of the\nUnderstanding, and Taste.--_Critical and Historical Essays, &c._, by the\nRight Honourable T. B. Macaulay, _People's_ Edition, Part III., includes\nhis Essays on Lord Mahon's War of Succession, Walpole's Letters, Lord\nChatham, Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, and Lord\nBacon.--_Annotated Edition of the English Poets_, edited by Robert Bell.\nThis month's issue consists of the second volume of the _Poetical Works of\nWilliam Cowper_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nParticulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the\ngentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are\ngiven for that purpose:\n\nTHE TRIALS OF ROBERT POWELL, EDWARD BURCH, AND MATTHEW MARTIN, FOR FORGERY,\nAT THE OLD BAILEY. London. 8vo. 1771.\n\n  Wanted by _J. N. Chadwick, Esq._, King's Lynn.\n\n{555}\n\nAYRE'S LIFE OF POPE. 2 Vols. 1741.\n\nPOPE AND SWIFT'S MISCELLANIES. 1727. 2 Vols. (Motte), with two Vols.\nsubsequently published, together 4 Vols.\n\nFAMILIAR LETTERS TO H. CROMWELL BY MR. POPE. Curl, 1727.\n\nPOPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Curl, 1735-6. 6 Vols.\n\nPOPE'S WORKS. 4to. 1717.\n\nPOPE'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH WYCHERLEY. Gilliver, 1729.\n\nNARRATIVE OF DR. ROBERT NORRIS CONCERNING FRENZY OF J. D. Lintot, 1713.\n\nTHE NEW REHEARSAL, OR BAYES THE YOUNGER. Roberts, 1714.\n\nCOMPLETE ART OF ENGLISH POETRY. 2 Vols.\n\nGAY'S MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. 4 Vols. 12mo. 1773.\n\nRICHARDSONIANA, OR REFLECTIONS ON MORAL NATURE OF MAN. 1776.\n\nA COLLECTION OF VERSES, ESSAYS, &C., occasioned by Pope and Swift's\nMiscellanies. 1728.\n\n  Wanted by _Mr. Francis_, 14. Wellington Street North, Strand.\n\nA TRUE ACCOUNT OF THE VOYAGE OF THE NOTTINGHAM-GALLEY OF LONDON, &C., by\nCaptain John Dean. 8vo. London, 1711.\n\nA Falsification of the above, by Longman, Miller, and White. London, 1711.\n8vo.\n\nA LETTER FROM MOSCOW TO THE MARQUIS OF CARMARTHEN, relating to the Czar of\nMuscovy's Forwardness in his great Navy since his return home, by J. Deane.\nLondon, 1699. Fol.\n\nHOURS OF IDLENESS, LORD BYRON. 8vo. Newark, 1807.\n\nBACON'S ESSAYS IN LATIN.\n\n  Wanted by _S. F. Creswell_, King's College, London.\n\nTHE CHURCH OF ENGLAND MAGAZINE. Vol. XXI. 1846. In good order, and in the\ncloth case.\n\n  Wanted by the _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.\n\nFATHER BRIDOUL'S SCHOOL OF THE EUCHARIST. Trans. by Claget. London, 1687.\n\nFREITAGHII MYTHOLOGIA ETHICA, with 138 Plates. Antv. 1579. 4to.\n\n  Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton\n  Street, Dublin.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nY. S. M. _The letter to this Correspondent has been forwarded._\n\nW. S. _Can our correspondent find a more correct report of the lines quoted\nat the meeting of the Peace Society? Those sent to us are certainly\ninaccurate._\n\nR. B. ALLEN. _The monument in the chancel of the church of Stansted\nMontfichet, in Essex, is to Sir_ Thomas _(not Hugh) Middleton. See\nWright's_ Essex, vol. ii. p. 160.\n\n_Other Correspondents shall be answered next week._\n\nERRATA. Vol. ix., p. 193., _throughout the \"Curious Marriage Agreement,\"\nfor Jacob_ Sprier _read Jacob_ Spicer. _He was an inhabitant of Cape May\nCounty, New Jersey._--Page 468. col i. line 26., _for_ 1789 _read_\n1759.--Page 477., _in art. \"Old Rowley,\" for \"father of the_ Jury,\" _read\n\"father of the_ Turf.\"--Page 469., _in quotation from Ausonius, for_\n\"erplevi\" _read_ \"explevi.\"\n\nOUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d.,\ncloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up,\nprice 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nGratis and Post Free on application.\n\nFOREIGN THEOLOGY AND ORIENTAL BOOKS.--MR. BROWN'S Catalogue, No. 24.,\ncontains Bibles in most languages, Books in all Branches of Biblical\nCriticism and Ecclesiastical History, Liturgies, Councils, a good\ncollection of the Fathers, Works relating to the Greek Church, a large\nnumber of books relative to the Jesuits, Metaphysical Works, a capital\nselection of Hebrew and Oriental Philology, &c. &c.\n\nLondon: WILLIAM BROWN, 130. 131. and 132. Old Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nOLIVER CROMWELL AND KING CHARLES.--A FAC-SIMILE of an exceedingly curious\nand interesting NEWSPAPER, published during the Commonwealth, announcing\nthe DEATH of OLIVER CROMWELL. Also, a Fac-Simile of KING CHARLES'S\nNEWSPAPER, containing curious Gossip about many Eminent Persons and\nExtraordinary Occurrences. Sent (Post Free) on receipt of 12 Postage\nStamps.\n\nAddress, J. H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of\nupwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,\nLadies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and\nother travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on\nreceipt of Two Stamps.\n\nMESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their\nTravelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new\nPortmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles\nof the kind ever produced.\n\nJ. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square\n(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25\nGuineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these\npianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,\nsigned by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--\"We, the\nundersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined\nthe Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great\npleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears\nto us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a\nricher and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while\nthe elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the\nlibrary, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.\nBishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E.\nF. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.\nHass\u00e9, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.\nKiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.\nMontgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry\nPhillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.\nRockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright,\" &c.\n\nD'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,\nin Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,\nmay now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWHITEFIELD'S PULPIT.\n\nThe Executrix of a deceased Clergyman, amongst other interesting local\nRelics collected by her late husband, is possessed of the PULPIT in which\nWhitefield is supposed to have preached his First Sermon; and, at the time\nof the restoration of St. Mary-de-Cryps, Gloucester, passed into the\npresent owner's possession.\n\nThe Pulpit is Oak, with carved panels, in shape hectagonal, and has a\nsounding-board. Application for farther particulars to be addressed to\n\nMESSRS. DAVIES & SON, Booksellers, Gloucester.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nROSS & SONS' INSTANTANEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell, the best and cheapest\nextant.--ROSS & SONS have several private apartments devoted entirely to\nDyeing the Hair, and particularly request a visit, especially from the\nincredulous, as they will undertake to dye a portion of their hair, without\ncharging, of any colour required, from the lightest brown to the darkest\nblack, to convince them of its effect.\n\nSold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d., 10s., 15s., and 20s. each case. Likewise\nwholesale to the Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon.\n\nAddress, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bishopsgate Street, Six Doors from\nCornhill, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.--HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises\nhandsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads, Children's Cribs and\nCots of new and elegant designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree\nBedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them fitted with\nFurnitures, complete. A large Assortment of Servants' and Portable\nBedsteads. They have also every variety of Furniture for the complete\nfurnishing of a Bed Room.\n\nHEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING,\nsent Free by Post.\n\nHEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.\n\n{556}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.\n\nTHE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental\nArtists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.\n\n                                            \u00a3  s. d.\n  A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent\n    Process                                 1  1  0\n  Additional Copies (each)                  0  5  0\n  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished\n    (small size)                            3  3  0\n  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished\n    (larger size)                           5  5  0\n\nMiniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed\nand Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,\nChurches, &c., taken at a short notice.\n\nCameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and\nChemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.\n\nGratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.\n\n  PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,\n  168. New Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE LONDON SCHOOL OF PHOTOGRAPHY, 78. Newgate Street.--At this Institution,\nLadies and Gentlemen may learn in One Hour to take Portraits and\nLandscapes, and purchase the necessary Apparatus for Five Pounds. No charge\nis made for the Instruction.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWHOLESALE PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPOT: DANIEL M^cMILLAN, 132. Fleet Street, London.\nThe Cheapest House in Town for every Description of Photographic Apparatus,\nMaterials, and Chemicals.\n\n*** Price List Free on Application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCOLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty\nby using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and\nuniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most\nfaithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent\nin the hands of the photographer.\n\nAlbumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a\nminuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.\n\nWaxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.\n\nInstruction in the Processes.\n\n    BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and\n    Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.\n\n*** Catalogues sent on application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety\nof Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury\nto the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively\nemployed by\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nIMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,\nby an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,\nthey may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any\nother hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and\nappreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.\n\nApparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of\nPhotography. Instruction in the Art.\n\nTHE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per\nPost, 1s. 2d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.\n\nKNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of\nthe best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's\nLenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and\npure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.\nForwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.\n\nInstructions given in every branch of the Art.\n\nAn extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.\n\nOTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian\nRoad, Islington.\n\nOTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or\nPortraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the\nPhotographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above,\nwhere every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The\nTrade supplied.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPatronised by the Royal Family.\n\nTWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the\nfollowing:\n\nTHE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.\n\nBEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article\nfor Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine,\neffectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its\nnatural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it\nimparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its\nastonishing efficacy. Bottles, 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal\nto 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier\never invented.\n\nSUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.\n\nBEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its\neffect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the\nfirst families. Bottles, 5s.\n\nBEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It\nalso reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space\nallowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during\nthe last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent\nFree by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.\n\n    Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY\n    & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main\n    Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN &\n    FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand;\n    KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY,\n    63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure\n    them.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.\n\nON THE PRODUCTION OF WAXED-PAPER NEGATIVES, by JAMES HOW.--Just published\nin THE CHEMIST, a Monthly Journal of Chemical and Physical Science. Edited\nby JOHN and CHARLES WATT. June. Price 1s.\n\nLondon: SAMUEL HIGHLEY, 32. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n  _Directors._\n\n  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.\n  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.\n  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.\n  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.\n  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,\n               T. Grissell, Esq.\n  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age       \u00a3   s.  d. | Age       \u00a3   s.  d.\n   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8\n   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6\n   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.--MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the\nTRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their\nPALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,\nBurton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:\n\n  LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.\n  LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.\n  MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.\n  DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.\n  GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.\n  DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.\n  BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.\n  SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.\n\nMESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE\nFAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical\nProfession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES _GENUINE_ from all the\nmost RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on \"ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE\" being\nspecially asked for.\n\nWhen in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its\nhaving \"ALLSOPP & SONS\" written across it.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish\nof St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.\nBride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.\nFleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of\nLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 10.\n1854.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 241, June 10, 1854: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":23362}