{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_53113/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_53113","id":"gutenberg_53113","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/53113","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Western Apache Indians -- Folklore"],"text":"ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS\n                                   OF\n                 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY\n\n                           VOL. XXIV, PART II\n\n\n\n\n             MYTHS AND TALES FROM THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE\n\n\n                                   BY\n\n                          PLINY EARLE GODDARD\n\n[Illustration: THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SCIENCE EDUCATION]\n\n                                NEW YORK\n                   PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES\n                                  1919\n\n\n\n\n            MYTHS AND TALES FROM THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE.\n\n                        BY PLINY EARLE GODDARD.\n\n\n\n\n                             INTRODUCTION.\n\n\nThese myths and tales are the free translations of texts recorded in the\ndialect of the White Mountain Apache. The texts themselves with word for\nword translations follow as Part IV of the volume. They were recorded,\nwith one exception, during the winter of 1910 as a part of the studies\nmade in the Southwest under the yearly grant of Mr. Archer M.\nHuntington. The creation myth, secured from Noze, differs in important\nincidents from the versions given above from the San Carlos as well as\nfrom versions secured from other White Mountain Apache. It should not be\nassumed that these differences are tribal, it is more probable that they\nare individual, since forms from the San Carlos and Navajo are closely\nsimilar to each other.\n\nThe greater number of the remaining narratives were secured from the\nfather of Frank Crockett, the interpreter employed. Several of these are\nceremonial and religious in their character and probably would not have\nbeen given except for the son's influence. Two of these were later\nsecured from San Carlos informants in more extended form but highly\ncorroborative in their general agreement.\n\nThe main purpose in recording these narratives was to secure sufficient\nand varied connected texts in the dialect of the White Mountain Apache.\nAs a collection of mythology and folklore it is probably far from\ncomplete. It is assumed, however, to be fairly representative.\n\n                                                    PLINY EARLE GODDARD.\n\n January, 1919.\n\n\n\n\n                               CONTENTS.\n\n\n                                                       PAGE.\n\n           INTRODUCTION                                   89\n\n           CREATION MYTH                                  93\n\n           NAIYENEZGANI                                  115\n\n           THE PLACING OF THE EARTH                      119\n\n           THE ADOLESCENCE CEREMONY                      123\n\n           THE MIGRATION OF THE GANS                     124\n\n           RELEASING THE DEER                            126\n\n           DEER WOMAN                                    127\n\n           THE GAMBLER WHO SECURED THE WATER-CEREMONY    128\n\n           THE MAN WHO VISITED THE SKY WITH THE EAGLES   132\n\n           HE WHO BECAME A SNAKE                         135\n\n           THE HUNTER WHO SECURED THE BEAR CEREMONY      136\n\n           THE CANNIBAL OWL                              137\n\n           THE DOINGS OF COYOTE                          138\n\n           BIBLIOGRAPHY                                  139\n\n\n\n\n                           CREATION MYTH.[1]\n\n\nThere were many houses there. A maiden went from the settlement to the\ntop of a high mountain[2] and came where the rays of the rising Sun\nfirst strike. She raised her skirt and the \u201cbreath\u201d of the Sun entered\nher. She went up the mountain four mornings, and four times the breath\nof the Sun penetrated her. This girl who had never been married became\npregnant and the people were making remarks about it.\n\nShe went up the mountain on four successive days and four days after\nthat, eight days altogether, she gave birth to a child. Four days later,\nthe child stood on its feet. His fingers and toes were webbed and he had\nneither eyebrows nor eyelashes and the hairs on his head were scattered,\none in a place. His ears were round with only the openings. Everyone\nsaid he did not look like a man. After four more days he walked well and\nplayed with the other children.\n\nHis mother went again to the east and lay down under a place where water\nwas dripping. The water fell into her as it dripped from the hanging\nalg\u00e6. She did this four times and became pregnant. After four days they\nall saw that her abdomen was enlarged and when she had been in that\ncondition four days, eight days in all, she gave birth to another\nchild.[3] When it was four days old it stood up and was able to walk\nwell. Its appearance was like that of the first child. It had webbed\nhands and feet and was without hair. It had round ears with holes only.\nThe children walked about together, the head of one being higher than\nthat of the other.\n\nThe people were asking, \u201cWhose children are these going about?\u201d They\nwanted to know who would make them like human beings. \u201cWho are the kin\nof the woman whose children are going about among us?\u201d The mother had a\nsister who wondered why the people were saying these things, for the\nboys had a father who lived a long way off.\n\nThe boys were eight days old and big enough to run about and were\nbecoming intelligent. They asked their mother where their father was\nliving. \u201cWhy do you ask?\u201d she said. \u201cYou cannot go to him.\u201d \u201cWhy do you\nsay that? Why do you hide our father from us?\u201d the boys asked. \u201cWell, do\nyou really want to go where your father lives?\u201d she asked them. \u201cWhy do\nyou suppose we are asking?\u201d the boys replied. \u201cWe will go where our\nfather lives.\u201d Their mother told them that they were talking foolishly,\nthat the distance was great, and that they would not be able to go. The\nboys insisted but were again discouraged by their mother. They finally\nsaid that it must be they had no father if they could not go to him. The\nmother then consented and said they three would go to the top of a great\nmountain. She cut a supply of meat and after four days, when it was near\ndawn, they started. They came to the top of the mountain when it was day\nand stood there facing the Sun. The woman stood between the boys holding\nthem by the hand. When the sun was rising she said: \u201cLook, your father\nis rising. Observe well. His breath streams out from four sides. Go\ntowards the streaming out of his breath. There are dangerous things\nliving in the east. What have you to go with?\u201d She had a brown fly and\nshe gave it to the boys, that it might sit by their ears. The fly was to\nshow them the way and tell them where the dangerous ones lived.\n\nShe told them they were to start at midday. They remained there until\nthe sun reached the sky hole.[4] They then went four times around the\ntrees on top of the mountain. The woman started home and the boys set\nout on their journey.\n\nThe boys went toward the east but the Sun was going in the opposite\ndirection.[5] The boys sat down and cried. A Raven, spreading out his\nwings, alighted nearby and asked the boys why they were crying. The boys\nreplied that their father lived over there and that they were going to\nvisit him. The Raven asked if they were carrying anything in the way of\nfood with them. They replied that they had some meat. The Raven said\nthey might ride on his back if they would give him some of the meat. The\nfly told them it would be all right to ride on the Raven, that the Raven\ncould see half the way and that there someone was living who knew the\nremainder of the way. They were told by the Raven to break up the meat\nand put the pieces in his mouth, that two of the parcels would sustain\nhim until he finished the journey as far as he knew the way. They were\ndirected to get on the Raven's back. The Raven began by flying near the\nground, then went higher and higher, circling around. A hot rain fell\nbut the Raven covered them with his wings. They kept putting the meat\ninto the Raven's mouth. When they had fed the Raven two pieces of the\nmeat they passed through a cloud where the large Eagle lived. The Raven\ntold them that that one (the Eagle) would now take them, that he knew\nall the places because he saw everything upon the earth; that he himself\nwould go back.\n\nThe Eagle asked them where they were going, saying that he lived in a\ndangerous place. The boys indicated the direction they were going,\nsaying they had been told their father lived there. Eagle said it was\ntrue their father lived at that place and asked if they had heard about\nhis house. The boys replied that their mother had told them that the Sun\nwas their father and that he lived over there. Because she had told them\nthis they were on their way to see him. Eagle asked them by what means\nthey intended to go, saying even he was in danger from the Sun. The fly\nstaying by the ear of one of the boys flew away and soon returned with\nthe statement that the dangerous places did exist and that Eagle, with\nwhom they were sitting, was the one who knew and was in control of these\ndangerous places. Before the house of the Sun was ice, interlocked like\nfallen timber. Eagle addressed the boys, asking if they had with them\nanything from the earth, meaning meat. They replied that they had and\neach of the boys took some from his pocket. Eagle asked for some of it,\nwhich when it was given him he ate.\n\nEagle then said they would set out, for he knew the trail. He requested\nthem to put meat in his mouth as he flew with them, indicating the\namount which would be sufficient, for the trail. When they were seated\non the Eagle he started down with them, circling around as he flew. A\nstorm of hail fell on them, the hailstones being large with thirty-two\npoints.[6] The eagle protected the boys by covering them with his wings\nwhich were rolled back over them. When they had passed through the storm\nEagle asked that meat be put in his mouth. When he had been fed he flew\naway with the boys and went through a hole which was there for him. When\nhe came to the trail he alighted and pointing out the path told them\nthat it led to the house of the Sun.[7] He said that he himself would\nnow turn back home.\n\nThe boys went forward until they crossed a shallow valley beyond which\nwas the house, which had projections running out in four directions.\nWhen they walked with their eyes closed the house went out of sight, but\nwhen they opened their eyes the house settled down again. It did this\nfour times and then it stood firmly. The two boys walked on and coming\nto the house, stood in front of the entrance. An old woman who was the\nwife of the Sun sat there.\n\nShe advised them to go on wherever they were intending to go, since a\nperson of mean disposition was soon to arrive. The woman who spoke to\nthem was really handsome but she sat there in the form of an old woman.\nThe boys replied that they had been told that their father lived there,\nand that they had started to come that morning. The woman replied that\nshe did not know who their father was. The boys said that the Sun was\ntheir father and they had come to visit him. The woman then asked who\nhad told them that the Sun was their father. They said their mother had\ntold them so. The woman told them that their father would soon return\nand asked them to be seated on a chair she indicated. When they were\nseated, the chair kept whirling around with them. When the chair would\nlift up the woman would make it come down again. When the woman saw the\nchair come down again she announced herself as nearly convinced they had\nspoken the truth.\n\nSaying that the Sun was now coming close, she took four silk blankets[8]\nof different colors which had been sewed together projecting in four\ndirections and rolled the boys up in them. She put them into an inside\nroom. They heard the Sun come back and heard him speak. \u201cOld woman,\nwhere are the two men who came here?\u201d he asked. The woman replied: \u201cI\nhave not seen anyone. No one has been here.\u201d \u201cYou say there is no one.\nThey must have come, for here are their tracks,\u201d the Sun replied. \u201cYou\nmust have been cohabiting with someone else. You say you travel over\nthis broad earth and that you do not visit anyone. You must have been\ndeceiving me about it for two men came in from that trail saying they\nare your children,\u201d his wife said. The Sun asked that they be brought\nin, and the woman opened the door, brought in the roll of blankets, and\nthrew it down. The Sun shook the blankets and two men stood up. The Sun\nspoke: \u201cHesh, do you consider these to be my children? They do not look\nlike me.\u201d He stood by them and repeated his question, calling attention\nto their webbed hands and feet and their round ears. \u201cAre you really my\nchildren?\u201d he asked them. \u201cWho is called the Sun, I wonder?\u201d the\nyoungest of the boys said, and water fell from his eyes. \u201cWell, maybe\nyou are my children. Sit here and wait,\u201d the Sun said. Their fly looked\naround and reported that the man was their father. After examining the\nroom everywhere, the inner corners, the windows, and door, the fly told\nthem that ordeals were being prepared for them. He said that soon a\nblazing sky would be arranged, into which they would be thrown. The fly\nlooked around for downy feathers which he gave the boys.\n\nWhen the Sun had finished eating he asked that those who said they were\nthe Sun's children should be brought in. He threw them into the place of\ndanger. He pushed them in with lightning which had sharp spines. They\nturned into downy feathers and stood in front of him again. \u201cIt is\ntrue,\u201d the Sun said. He threw them in four times, pushing them down.\nEach time they turned into feathers and came back in front of the Sun as\nbefore. The Sun then said he was convinced that they were his children.\nHis wife said: \u201cThey told you they were your children, but you have\ntreated them badly.\u201d The Sun replied: \u201cThey certainly are my children\nbut I did not believe it before.\u201d The Sun asked his wife to prepare a\nsweatlodge as soon as they had eaten.\n\nShe made a sweatlodge covered with a blue blanket on one side, a black\none on another side, a white one on another side, and a yellow one on\nanother side. His wife had the stones heated red hot, like red hot iron.\nThey three went right in, but the Sun only came out again. When the bath\nhad been heated the fourth time the boys were as if they had been\nboiled. He pushed back the skin which was between their fingers and\ntoes. He fixed for them their lower leg muscles, their knees, their\nthighs, their biceps, their elbows, and their lower arms. He made the\nhair of their heads come to their hips, twisting it off at that length.\nHe made their ears, their eyelashes, and their eyebrows, their noses,\ntheir mouths, and their faces. He fixed every part of their bodies as it\nshould be. The Sun went out of the bath with the boys and sat with them\non the seat where his wife usually sat. They were just like men.[9] When\nthe wife of the Sun came and stood in front of them she looked at them\nclosely, but could not distinguish one from the other. \u201cMove, husband,\u201d\nshe said. The one sitting in the middle moved himself. \u201cYou told me you\nhad not been with any woman but you fooled me. These are your children.\nYou must have a wife. Go home with them,\u201d the woman said.\n\nThe Sun spoke to his wife, saying that these were his children but that\nif he went away with them to the earth she would be lonesome. Only today\nthere was a good sunset. \u201cJust now when you said 'no' your eye winked,\u201d\nhe said to her. \u201cI am jealous of what is far away,\u201d she said. The Sun\nsaid he would not go, but would talk to his children.\n\n\u201cMy boys, shall I give you names?\u201d \u201cYes, it is not well to be without\nnames,\u201d they replied. Then the Sun said he would name them. He told the\nolder his name would be Naiyenezgani and that he must behave well.[10]\nHe told the other one that he would be named Tobatc'istcini. \u201cWhen you\nare upon the earth you will be called so and you will tell them that\nyour father named you that. You shall say, 'He made my name\nNaiyenezgani.' But you, 'Tobatc'istcini he made my name,' you must tell\nthem.\u201d\n\nThe Sun then asked them for what they had come. They told him they had\ncome for his horse, his saddle, his bridle, his halter, his rope, and\nhis saddle blanket. The Sun asked who had told them he had such\nproperty. The older one replied that their mother had told them what\nproperty he had and had told them that she would be happy if they\nbrought it back to the earth. She said that he (the Sun) would also be\nhappy. The Sun replied that he had no property, no horse, saddle,\nbridle, halter, rope, or saddle blanket. The fly had told them that the\nSun had these, but he looked around again and reported that the Sun had\nthem close by.\n\n\u201cLet us go over there,\u201d one of them proposed. They went to a fenced\nenclosure and entered through a gate. The yard was so full of black\nbears that the mass of their moving backs occupied the entire space.\n\u201cWhich of those are my horses?\u201d the Sun asked. \u201cThey are fearful\nanimals,\u201d the boys replied. \u201cThese are my horses,\u201d the Sun insisted and\nmounted one of them and rode around on it. The fly informed the boys\nthat they were being deceived. The Sun proposed that they should go in\nanother direction to another enclosure. Inside this yard were white-tail\ndeer, mule deer, elk, and mountain-sheep. The Sun announced that these\nwere his horses and told the boys to choose any one they liked and catch\nit. \u201cWhich is the largest?\u201d he asked them. \u201cThese are not horses,\u201d the\nboys replied, \u201cthey are named deer. We asked you for horses.\u201d The Sun\ninsisted they were his horses and that he rode them great distances.\n\u201cWell, you have outwitted me. I thought I would succeed in outwitting\nyou, but you have won.\u201d The younger brother asked the Sun what he was\nconcealing from them, saying he could find them. The Sun asked them not\nto say that and proposed that they look in another place where he had a\nfew horses confined. They went to the place indicated and found the\nplace filled with antelope, sheep, goats, and pigs. \u201cCatch any one of\nthese you want,\u201d the Sun said. \u201cYou tend to them here alone,\u201d the boys\nreplied and walked out leaving the Sun who followed behind.\n\nThey went to the house and ate a meal. Their fly told them that the\nSun's horses were in the enclosure that had four doors. When they had\nfinished eating they went to this enclosure which was a house with a\nroof having holes in it. It had spikes like irons, sticking up from it.\nIt was closed and completely dark. \u201cThere are horses in there,\u201d the fly\ntold them. The Sun said, \u201cI told you it was useless.\u201d One of the boys\nasked that they might look in. There was a door there which he opened. A\nlittle beyond it was another door, a little beyond another, and a little\nbeyond that another, and still beyond that another. They now came to\nhorses in the enclosure but could not enter. By standing on something\nthey could see through a hole in the roof. They could not get in between\nthe horses until they were caused to separate and to open up a passage.\nThe Sun then told them to catch the horse that they thought was his. The\nfly sitting by one of their ears told them they were to catch the horse\nwith a rope which they should induce the Sun to give them. When the Sun\nagain urged them to catch the horse without delay, they asked whether\nthey should lead the horse by the mane or carry him out in their hands.\nThe Sun, with spotted ropes in his hand, went right through the door\nwhich he opened. He gave one of the ropes to each of the boys, telling\nthem to catch the horses which were his. The animals were milling around\nin the enclosure. In the center was one which was not moving, a sorrel\nwith a small white spot on its forehead. Its mane reached the ground.\nWhen it raised its head one of the boys started toward it, the horses\nseparating. He threw the rope and caught the horse which he led back.\nThe Sun then told the other boy to catch a horse, wanting to know who\nhad told him which horse to catch. There was a stallion running around\nthe outside of the herd. Its mane reached the ground; he was acting wild\nbut the fly told them that although he acted as if he were mean he was\nreally gentle. He directed them to take both these horses from the Sun.\nWhen the other boy started with his rope toward the stallion he was\nrunning around the outside of the herd and coming toward the boy. When\nhe came close and saw the boy he stopped and then wheeled back. The boy\nlassoed it and immediately the horse trotted up to him, nosing his arm.\nHe led the stallion up beside the sorrel horse which was a mare. The Sun\nsaid: \u201cThere they are, ride them, take them with you to the earth.\u201d\n\nThe boys then asked for the horse trappings for which they had also\ncome. The Sun said he did not know what they meant by horse trappings.\nThe younger boy said, \u201cWell, if you do not know what horse trappings\nare, do not again put them on these horses in the corral.\u201d The Sun asked\nwho it was who had made them as smart as he was himself. They replied\nthat he, the Sun, had made them smart and had made them speak wisely.\nThey then asked by name for bridle, halter, saddle blanket, and\nsaddle.[11] Turning his back to the boys he walked away and opened a\ndoor, bidding the boys enter. They went in and saw saddles lying there\nwith bridles hanging on the saddle horns. The blankets were lying\nbeneath. Before they went in the fly flew in and selected two out of all\nthe saddles. One was lying at the east and the other at the west. The\nfirst was blue and the other yellow. The fly had returned to one of\ntheir ears by the time the Sun said: \u201cThere are those saddles, take the\nones you want.\u201d The fly told the boys that the saddles which looked good\nreally were not, but that they should choose the blue and yellow ones,\nindicating them, and the blankets, halters, bridles, and ropes of\nsimilar colors lying by them. These were the Sun's own particular set of\ntrappings. When the Sun urged them to hurry up each boy stepped toward\nthe saddle he had chosen. When they did so the saddles moved of\nthemselves with the blankets and bridles. There was a sound \u201cgij\u201d of the\nmoving leather and \u201ctsil\u201d as they came to rest.\n\nThe Sun turned his face away and took a black silk handkerchief which\nhad two white stripes around the border from his pocket. With this he\nwiped his eyes. \u201cI raised you for just this purpose,\u201d he said. The Sun\nstarted to walk toward the horses. Their fly had told them not to touch\nthe saddles, that the Sun himself would fix them. \u201cThey belong to you,\u201d\nthe fly said. \u201cEverything is alive; the rope on the horse moves about of\nitself. The saddle will jump on of itself.\u201d[12] The fly told them this.\nThe halter was gone, the bridle and saddle blanket which had been lying\non the saddle were gone. The halter, bridle, and saddle blanket that had\nbeen with the blue saddle were also gone. The Sun called them to come\nwhere he was standing. They both went out again and the doors of the\nsaddle room and of the stable were shut.\n\nThey went to the Sun, who was standing between the two horses so that\ntheir heads projected as he held the bridles. They started away, the\nboys walking in front of the Sun as he directed them to do. They passed\nthrough the four doors to a post standing in front of the Sun's house.\nHe led the horses to the post where they stood without being tied.[13]\nThere were four chairs standing inside the Sun's house; and one by\nitself for the woman.[14] His children sat on the chairs and his wife\nsat on the one which was hers. The Sun addressed them as follows:\u2014\n\n\u201cMy boys, I will instruct you about the dangerous places you will come\nto. The horses know the dangerous places on the way back. My wife is\npleased with you and treats you well. That is why you are to have these\nhorses, one of which is hers. The other is mine and so is the saddle,\nbridle, halter, and saddle blanket. They are all mine. You will go back\nto your kindred. When you are near, hurry. I will give you something.\u201d\n\nThe Sun got up and reached inside to a shelf from which he took up an\niron knife like a sword. Turning around he took up a bow and arrows\nhaving iron heads. There were two of the arrows. \u201cI give these to you,\u201d\nhe said. \u201cYou are giving us these! Our mother did not know about them.\nWhy does she not give us something?\u201d the boys said. The Sun's wife said\nshe would speak a few words to them. \u201cYou shall be my nephews. Your\nmother shall be my sister. She shall be like me. Because of this I have\ntreated you well. She shall be the same as I. I become an old woman and\nat other times I am as if I were two years old. She shall be the same\nway.[15] You shall tell her this before the Sun travels far. I am the\none telling you; he did not tell you. I will name my sister. Your father\nwill give you names.\u201d The Sun picked something up and was still holding\nit. \u201cWait, I will tell you something and after that he will give you a\nname. I name her Nigostsanbikayo.[16] Every one will call her that. She\nwill come to me. You, too, will come to me. I give a name to your\nmother. She will be called Ests'unnadlehi and she will help you. I make\na name for her, Ests'unnadlehi, and with that she will help you. When\nshe has children again they will be two girls. These girls will belong\nto the people for there will be people.[17] She will help them. I, too,\nwill help them when they come to me. He, too, will help his children.\nThat is why I am telling you and you must remember it well. I have\nfinished. Your father will tell you about the objects he is about to\ngive you.\u201d\n\nThe Sun gave the elder boy a weapon saying, \u201cThis will be called a 'blue\nsword.' You will use it against the monsters on the earth. Because of\nthat I gave you the name, Naiyenezgani.\u201d He gave the weapon to him\nsaying, \u201cThat is all for you.\u201d Addressing the younger, he said, \u201cNow I\ngive this to you, Tobatc'istcini. You will use this which I give you\nagainst those who prey upon people. You are to help each other. I shall\nbe near you watching you. Whatever you do will be known to me. It will\nbe well if you kill these evil ones. The people will live everywhere.\u201d\nHe gave him the bow with the injunction that he should draw the bow\nthree times without releasing the arrow and then he should shoot the\ndangerous beings and they would fly apart. Having said this, he proposed\nthey should eat something. The Sun's wife was still sitting in her\naccustomed seat. The men went to the table, well loaded with food\nprepared by some unknown agency, and began to eat. The Sun's wife gave\nthe elder one a spotted belt with a yellow fringe hanging from its\nborder.\n\nWhen they had finished the meal, the Sun said he did not know how the\nvisitors were to return. They went where the horses stood and the Sun\nsaid, \u201cChildren, this stallion will go well in the lead. Now mount the\nhorses.\u201d He held the stirrup and saddle horn and told the boys to get\non. They did so and rode away from the Sun's house where towards the\neast a post stands up with white hair[18] which reaches to the ground\nand turns up again. The rain falls on it. They rode their horses around\nthis post four times and came back where they were standing before, as\nthe Sun directed them to do.\n\nWhen they had finished, the Sun's wife came up to them and told her\nhusband to count for his sons the two saddle blankets, two halters, two\nbridles, two ropes, and two saddles. The Sun told them to start home;\nthat he was well acquainted with them. He charged them to take good care\nof the saddle blankets and directed that the gray horse should go in the\nlead because he knew the trail to the place midway between the earth and\nthe sky. From that point the sorrel horse was to lead because that one\nknew the way from there on. When they returned where their mother lived\nhe told them to stake the horses out for four nights. The sorrel was to\nbe staked toward the east and the gray to the west. Having ridden the\nhorses among the people they were to unsaddle them in some good place. A\nwhite saddle blanket was to be placed toward the east, a black one to\nthe south, a yellow one to the west, and a blue one to the north.[19]\nThe bridles, halters, ropes, and saddles were to be brought to the camp.\nHe charged them to keep in mind what he was telling, for he was telling\nthem this that they might be good men. He divided his property between\nhis boys. He told them after the horses had been running loose four days\nto go to them early in the morning. This might be in any good place\nwhere canyons meet, making a flat. When they came to them they were to\nhold out their hands, palms upward, towards the horses. They were to\ncatch the horses while they were licking their hands. They were to\nconsider what he told them and when they should go for the horses after\nfour days, the four canyons coming together would be full of horses.\nWhen their horses had been caught by holding out their hands, the saddle\nblankets, one on the other, were to be put on them and the horses were\nto be saddled. They were to ride the horses all day until sunset when\nthey were to be turned out again. Having turned them out, they were told\nthey might go the next day to see what was happening. Having finished\nhis speech he dismissed the boys.\n\nThey went with the Sun until they came to the top of the ridge, where\nthey stopped. The Sun felt the horses all over. He felt of their legs,\ntheir feet, their faces, their ears, their manes, their backs, petting\nthem. \u201cGoodbye, my horses,\u201d he said, \u201ctravel well for my boys down to\nthe earth. There is food for you on the earth the same as here.\u201d He\naddressed the gray horse, telling him to be the leader on the way toward\nthe earth since he knew the way. He told the boys not to look at the\nhorses' feet nor to look behind them, but to keep their eyes fixed on\nthe tips of their ears.\n\nThey started; before they knew it the horses had changed places, and the\nsorrel was leading. They thought the earth was far off but they soon\nfound the horses were trotting along on the earth. Now the horses were\nrunning with them toward their camp. They rode up slowly where the\npeople were walking about. They rode to the camp side by side, and the\npeople all ran out to look at them. Their mother was standing outside\nwatching them and they rode up one on each side of her. \u201cMother,\nEsts'unnadlehi, unsaddle our horses,\u201d they said to her.\n\nThe people all came up to them. The woman, laughing, ran her hand over\nthe horses saying, \u201cYour father gave you large horses.\u201d When the people\nhad all come there, the boys told them to call their mother\nEsts'unnadlehi. They all called her by that name. The older boy said\nthey were to call him Naiyenezgani. The younger one said they were to\ncall him Tobatc'istcini.[20] They addressed them saying, \u201cWhen we were\nhere before you used to laugh at us because we were poor. We used to\nwalk because we were poor. We have visited our father where he lives.\nThe Sun's wife named our mother. Call me Naiyenezgani. That one was\ngiven the name, Tobatc'istcini. These will be our names and be careful\nto call them correctly. Do not come near these horses. We will stake one\nout here and the other one there. They will remain tied out four days.\nYou may go.\u201d\n\nBefore sundown on the fourth day the horses whinnied. They went to their\nhorses and saddled them. They rode around among the camps until sundown\nand then rode them to a flat where four canyons came together. They hung\na white saddle blanket toward the east, a black one to the south, a\nyellow one to the west, and a blue one to the north. Their fly told them\nto hang the blankets in four places, making an enclosure of them. After\nfour days they were to come and would find conditions different. He\ncharged the boys not to miss doing just as their father had told them.\nThey went back to the camp carrying the saddles, bridles, halters, and\nropes. After two days had passed their fly flew away. He returned,\nreporting that there were many horses filling the place where the four\ncanyons came together. The next day he reported that the horses were so\nthick one could walk on their backs. The next day (the fourth), about\nsunrise, the two boys went there with their ropes in their hands. When\nthey came to the eastern canyon it was full of white horses, the\nsouthern one was full of black horses, the western was full of yellow\nhorses, and the northern canyon with blue (gray) horses.\n\nThey took down all the saddle blankets and piled them together. With\nvalleys in four directions full of horses they did not know their former\nhorses from the others. They considered how they might distinguish them.\nThe horses were milling around near where a blanket hung. They were all\nmingled together with the colors mixed. The men approached the horses\nbut they stopped before they got to them. They extended their hands with\npollen on the palms and the horses whinneyed. Then two horses trotted up\nto them and licked the pollen from the hands of their owners who caught\nthem while they did it.[21] They led these horses back to the camp where\nthe saddles, etc., were lying.\n\nWhen they led these two horses all the others followed. Their fly told\nthem all about the two horses, what they had done, and that they had\nmade many horses for them. Four days from now it would come about that\nthe broad earth would be covered with horses. Their fly flew to the\nSun's camp and the Sun instructed him. \u201cDrive the horses over this way\nand put a halter on top of that mountain; put a rope on the top of this\nmountain to the south; put a halter on the top of the mountain to the\nwest; and put a rope on the mountain to the north. Your father says\nthis,\u201d the fly told them.\n\nThe older of the brothers told the people that they should ride the\nhorses and not think they were wild. \u201cCatch any of them and saddle them.\nWhen you have ridden your horses, then do not go near them for four\ndays. Keep away from the horses which are inside where the halters and\nropes are lying. Turn the horses loose in the space enclosed by the\nropes and the halter. If they see you they may stampede. These horses\nwill be of great value to you.\u201d\n\nThe brothers rode the two horses and the others all followed. When the\ntwo horses whinneyed, the others all answered. They took off the ropes\nand went back to camp. They asked their mother to put up two posts and\nto put a smooth pole across their tops. She was asked to put the saddles\non this pole with their horns toward the east.[22] The bridles were to\nbe hung on the saddle horns and the saddle blankets spread over the\nsaddles. They asked her to think about the saddles where they were lying\nduring the night.\n\nShe kept her mind on the saddles during the night and in the early\nmorning she went out to them. There were four saddles on the pole where\nthere had been only two. She still kept her mind on the saddles and the\nnext morning there were six lying there. \u201cMy child,\u201d she said, \u201cyou\nspoke the truth. I kept my mind on the saddles and six are now lying\nthere.\u201d Tobatc'istcini said, \u201cVery well, keep thinking about them all\nnight and go to them early in the morning.\u201d When she went out, there\nwere eight saddles on the pole.\n\nNaiyenezgani said he was going yonder and would be back by sunset. He\nwent to the mountain top where the halter lay. The Sun was standing\nthere. \u201cIt must be my father,\u201d he said. \u201cI did not know you. I am glad\nyou came down to me.\u201d \u201cWell, my son,\u201d the Sun replied, \u201clet us go around\nthe horses.\u201d \u201cWhat time will it be when we get around them?\u201d the son\nasked. Leaving the place where the halters were lying they went where\nthe ropes were. The space was level full of horses. \u201cFine, my son,\u201d the\nSun said to Naiyenezgani, \u201cwith ropes and halters you made a fence so\nthe horses cannot get out. You have this broad world for a corral.\u201d\n\nThey went on and came where the halters were piled up. \u201cThese halters\nwill round up the wild horses for you and you will put them on their\nheads.\u201d They went on and came where the rope hung. \u201cThese ropes will\ndrive the horses together for you. They will drive the wild horses close\nto camp for you.\u201d They started back and came where Naiyenezgani had met\nthe Sun. \u201cI have done everything for you,\u201d the Sun said. \u201cNow I am going\nback and leave you. You too will go home. Tomorrow it will be finished.\nYou will give your people two horses apiece. Give each of them one\nstallion and one mare. Distribute them from noon until sunset. These\nhorses are mares and stallions in equal numbers. Tonight two saddles are\nto be placed on the pole you put up. You shall keep three saddles and\ngive away seven. When you give away the horses give away seven saddles.\nNow my son, we separate. Shake hands. Others will do as we do.\u201d They\nsaid _njo_ to each other and separated. It was not long before he was\nback and stood there as the sun set. He was happy and laughing. \u201cWhere\nhave you been, my son?\u201d his mother asked. \u201cYou must have been in a good\nplace or you would not be laughing.\u201d \u201cWhat did you say, mother?\u201d he\nreplied. \u201cI am happy; when I came over there where the halter lay I met\nmy father. I walked with him all day. As we walked around the horses he\ntold me about everything. I am happy.\u201d\n\nHe said that none of them should go out tomorrow, but that he himself\nwould go out early. When he went out there in front of the yellow saddle\nlay a white saddle. Behind that was a blue one. Between them was a\nyellow saddle. The pole was full. There were ten saddles in a row. \u201cI\ntold you to put up a long pole, and you put up a short one,\u201d he said to\nhis mother. \u201cYou said dig one hole here and another there, my son,\u201d she\nreplied. \u201cJust these may well be our saddles,\u201d he said. He called\nTobatc'istcini, saying they would go to catch the horses. \u201cYou go to the\nrope over there. I, too, will go to the other rope. Hurry, we will catch\nthe horses,\u201d he said to him. He ran where one rope was, and the other\none went where the other rope was. When they came to the two ropes, they\ncircled around, driving the horses all towards each other. They could\nnot find their own horses, the Sun's horses. They went into the\nenclosure and walked around. Even when they went around that way they\ncould not find the horses. They looked for them again, going around\namong the other horses, but they could not find them. The horses touched\neach other, they were so thick.\n\nThen Tobatc'istcini said, \u201cNaiyenezgani, why do you act so? Is your mind\ngone? You say you met your father yesterday and that you spent the day\ngoing around the horses. He took them out of the herd, and away from\nyou.\u201d\n\nNaiyenezgani caught a black stallion and the other brother a sorrel\ngelding. When they led them to the camp their mother asked\nTobatc'istcini why he had caught a sorrel and told him to turn him loose\nand catch a white gelding. She said the gray and sorrel horses were made\nfor them and that they were well trained the day before. She told them\nto hurry and drive the horses in. Tobatc'istcini rode the sorrel horse\nback and unsaddled it. He then caught a white horse and drove the gray\nhorses back to the camp.[23]\n\n\u201cLet us go,\u201d he said to his brother. They mounted the horses and rode\nalong. Their mother spoke to them, \u201cMy boys, take off that yellow saddle\nand put on a white one.\u201d When they came riding back where their mother\nwas, a horse whinneyed. It sounded like the voice of the gray stallion\nthat used to be his horse. Another horse whinneyed in this direction and\nthe voice was like that of the sorrel mare. They knew their horses when\nthey whinneyed and one said to the other, \u201cBrother, those are our horses\nwhinneying but we cannot do anything about it.\u201d[24] \u201cLet us hurry,\u201d the\nother said. They rode toward the herd of horses but the horses started\nto run and the herd broke up. While they were looking they ran where\ntheir horses whinneyed. Their fly told them that the horses had already\nrun into the enclosure and that the four doors were shut. They heard\nthem whinneying far away. Their fly said the horses were already in\ntheir stable, but they still whinneyed. They drove the other horses near\nthe camp. The older brother told the people to form in a line around the\nhorses. He said they were going to stake out horses for them. The people\nreplied that they had no ropes, that only the two brothers had them.\nThey asked the brothers to make ropes for them. They were told to wait\nwhile they returned where the horses used to be. They told them that\nthey would have ropes the next day. The brothers went in different\ndirections, calling to each other. They met and sent their fly to the\nSun because the people were without ropes. He told his brother to go\nback where he had been staying. He directed him also to take the bridle\noff and to leave the rope as it was, tied to the saddle. \u201cWhen the Sun\nis in the middle of the sky we will drive the horses back. Although it\nis late the Sun will be in the same place.[25] He (the Sun) may give us\nsomething,\u201d he said.\n\nThe fly returned and reported: \u201cYour horse was standing behind him. He\nsat watching where the stallions were fighting each other. He kept\nlooking at them and then he went a little way.\u201d\n\nThe Sun's disk was yellow as at sunset. He looked down four times. The\nyellow beams struck under his raised knees. From the other side they\nalso streamed toward him. Nothing happened, and he got up and went to\nhis horse. When he put his foot in the stirrup and mounted, ropes were\ntied in four places to the saddle strings where there had been no ropes\nbefore. Both saddles were that way. They both mounted together and their\nhorses pawed the ground and snorted. He rode back to the camp, loping,\nand the other horses strung out behind him. The other brother was\nrunning his horse on the other side. They stopped near the camp. The\nhorses were all lined up facing him. He called to the one on horseback,\n\u201cCome here.\u201d He rode up to him and he asked how many ropes there were.\nThe other replied he did not know for he had not counted them, and\ninquired of the other how many ropes he had. The first speaker replied\nthat he did not know. Then the younger brother said the other should\ncatch the horses for them and lead them out while he remained on his\nhorse where he was. The other brother then rode among the horses and\ncaught a mare. He led the horse out and gave the rope to one of the men.\nHe rode back among the horses and caught a stallion. When he had caught\nsix horses, the ropes were all gone. He beckoned with his hand and his\nbrother rode up to him. \u201cHad you only six ropes?\u201d he asked. \u201cYes, I only\nhad six and I have caught six horses. Now, take your turn and I will\nremain here on horseback.\u201d The second brother caught the horses and\nreported that he had chosen the better horses. The horses were all good\nbut some of them looked to be small.\n\nThey told the people there were only seven saddles and that so many of\nthe men might have saddles, but that the others must ride around\nbareback for the present. He told them that some time they might have\nsaddles because the Sun knew of their need and he himself knew it. He\ninstructed them to tie out their horses close by. He said if they heard\nthe horses nickering they would know that the stallions were covering\nthe mares. They would also know the colts when they were foaled. If they\nturned their horses loose they might not know them. The ropes he said\nwould guard their horses for them. They would now drive back the other\nhorses while those who had received horses staked theirs out.\n\nHe drove the horses away and hung his bridle up. The other one he laid\nin another direction. He took the saddle and everything else back to the\ncamp. They came back to the camp in the middle of the night but they did\nnot know it was night because the Sun had not moved.\n\nWhen two days had passed two men came. There were many horses where they\nhad passed. They reported that something was running around the other\nside of this large mountain. They did not know what it was, nor to whom\nit belonged. They wondered what was meant and sent their fly to find\nout. He flew away and came back almost immediately. He said it was true.\nOn the ridge beyond the mountain he saw horse tracks and a trail with\ndust as fine as flour.\n\nOne of the brothers asked his mother to cook for the men quickly. It was\nwhile they were eating that the fly reported. \u201cFly back there,\u201d he\ndirected him. He told the visitors to remain, for they were no doubt\ntired. They went back where the bridle was lying. They took off the rope\nand hung it toward the east. They spoke to the bridle asking that the\nhorses, wherever they went, should come back together during the night.\n\nThe visitors were as the two brothers had been. They had no eyelashes or\neyebrows. Their ears were round and their heads were smooth. There were\nwebs between their fingers and toes. When they were asked whence they\ncame they replied that they had assumed there were people living\nsomewhere. Their own people had been killed off by something until only\nthe two were left. They saved themselves at night by digging a trench\nand covering it with a large rock. When they started away, one of the\nbrothers asked where they were going. They replied that they did not\nknow where they were going but preferred not to stay where they were.\nThey said they did not like to be with many peoples. They preferred\nstaying there with their present hosts. Naiyenezgani asked them to tell\ntheir story during the night.\n\nWhen night came, he called four men to come and listen to what the\nvisitors were about to tell. He asked each of the four men to question\nthe guests. \u201cWhat is the country called where you live and what kind of\nthing is killing your people?\u201d he asked. \u201cTell us about it.\u201d\n\n\u201cThe place where we live is called _danagogai_, plain. Something has\nbeen killing our kinsfolk. It has been killing people everywhere on the\nearth. We do not know what to do,\u201d one of them replied. Naiyenezgani\ntold another of the men to question them. He asked if it were really\ntrue that they had been living in that place, saying he did not believe\nwhat the other had said. One of the guests replied that it was true. He\nsaid they did not know how to tell untruths and that it was not right to\ndo so. \u201cWhile we are here in camp it will kill someone.\u201d He added, \u201cI\nhave finished.\u201d The second questioner said, \u201cWhy did you tell us this?\nWe are uneasy about it.\u201d They replied that they were afraid of it and\ntherefore came there where they intended to live with them.\n\nNaiyenezgani called upon a third man to question them. \u201cWhy did you\nleave a trail for them?\u201d he inquired. \u201cWhen your kinsfolk were all\nkilled, why did you come to us leaving a trail?\u201d The same man spoke\nagain. He directed that the next day a sweatbath should be prepared that\nthey should take a bath with the two visitors.\n\n\u201cYou said the horses had gone far away. I presume they have already come\ntogether again,\u201d he said. \u201cThese some-kind-of-things you said were going\naway we call horses. That is all I have to say.\u201d \u201cThese two will speak\nto you,\u201d one of the company said.\n\n\u201cI cannot promise that I will kill that thing which has been killing\nyour people. Hurry to build the sweatlodge he mentioned,\u201d Tobatc'istcini\nsaid. \u201cMake the sweatbath: we are going for the horses,\u201d he added.\n\nDuring the night the horses had come together. One bridle was lying at\nthe east and the other at the west. They told the horses they must all\nstay there together. When the brothers returned the sweatlodge was built\nand the stones were on the fire. Tobatc'istcini directed that the men\nshould stand in line while four of them should go into the bath four\ntimes. He said that when they had come out the fourth time the visitors\nwould be like themselves. \u201cYou built this sweatbath, but it belongs to\nthe Sun,\u201d he told them. When he (Naiyenezgani) went in with them the\nfourth time he asked them where the thing was living which was killing\nthem. The visitors replied that he lived down this way, pointing toward\nthe west. \u201cThe one that has killed all of our people has something long\nfor a weapon,\u201d he added. Naiyenezgani said, \u201cWell, he has been killing\nyou.\u201d When they came out the fourth time they all looked alike. They ate\nand after the meal the brothers told them all to remain there while they\nwent to yonder white mountain ridge to look beyond. He looked at the\nSun.\n\nThey landed far away on the mountain ridge.[26] Beyond that mountain\nthey went to another. There was a plain on which a mountain was\nstanding. They landed next on that mountain. Tobatc'istcini said,\n\u201cBrother, is the dangerous thing feared by you? If you are afraid, I am\nafraid. If you are not afraid neither am I afraid. You are the elder, I\nam the younger.\u201d\n\nA man was walking in a valley without brush. He was the one who kills\npeople. They sent their fly to look over the body of their enemy, to\nexamine his ears, his eyes, and his mouth. The fly flew to the man and\nalighted on his ear. When he alighted on his nose the man said, \u201cIt is\nnot just you. You smell like a man.\u201d\n\nThe fly reported that they could not come up to the man, for while he\nwalked in one direction he could see behind because he had eyes in the\nback of his head. He had no eyes in front. \u201cHe has something long in his\nhand with which he kills people. When I sat on his nose he told me I\nsmelled like people,\u201d the fly reported. \u201cHe is the same sort of a person\nthat you are.\u201d The fly told them to go around to a certain gap in the\nridge, where the monster was accustomed to pass, and stand side by side.\nHe promised to let them know when the enemy approached. When the monster\nwalked along, the fly came back where the brothers were standing side by\nside and said, \u201cHe is coming up here very close. If he stops here you\nmust cut his head off. Now, you shoot him,\u201d he said. \u201cIf he sees anyone\nhe makes a sweep with his long weapon and kills the person even a long\nway off.\u201d\n\nThe man came close to them and stopped. One of them shot him and the\nother cut his head off. He stood just as he was before. They shot again\nand cut his head off again. The head fell but came back on again. One of\nthem shot at him the third time and the other cut his neck off again.\nThen one of them ran around in front of him and shot him in the heart.\nThis time his flesh flew apart and was scattered over considerable\nspace. The flesh was quivering. That which they killed was called\nNaiye'. \u201cThat is why he named you Naiyenezgani,\u201d[27] their fly said.\n\u201cBecause you and Tobatc'istcini both will kill dangerous beings your\nfather named you that.\u201d \u201cYou did this in his presence. He was looking at\nyou and prevented the monster's making any move against you. He gave you\nthe weapons with which you killed him. He did it for the good of\nmankind. Turn the head over and look at its face,\u201d their fly told them.\nThey turned him over and looked at his face. His face was like anyone's\nbut he also had eyes in the back of his head.[28] No one could attack\nhim from in front, and he had eyes to see behind himself also. His knife\nwas sharp and the handle was good. \u201cLet us take the knife to convince\nthe people. If we do not have the knife, they will not believe us if we\nclaim we have killed the Naiye' which used to kill people,\u201d one of them\nsaid.\n\nOn their return they landed on the white mountain ridge and returned to\nthe camp. When they had returned, Naiyenezgani directed that all the\npeople, including the children, should come together. He asked his\nmother, because the people were assembling, to spread down a buckskin\nand to place on it the arrows, his own weapon, and that of the slain\nNaiye'. He asked the people to gather around it. He called the two\nvisitors, asking them to come to a designated spot. He told his brother\nto stand in a certain position and said that he himself would stand in\nanother place. He said that he would address the people and told his\nbrother to do the same. \u201cI am telling you this because you are seeing\nwhat you have not seen before. You see today what our father gave us.\nNow you speak to them,\u201d he said to his brother.\n\nTobatc'istcini spoke as follows, \u201cMy name is Tobatc'istcini. Our father\ngave us these things lying here. A being called Naiye' was using that\nweapon over there to kill people. He had killed all the people except\nthe two who are sitting over there. We killed him.\u201d \u201cYou, Naiyenezgani,\nspeak to them again,\u201d he said to his brother.\n\n\u201cWe started from here and we went up to the top of yonder mountain. We\nwent on to the top of a mountain standing beyond that. A small\nmountain[29] stands beyond that and we went up to its top. There we saw\na man walking in a valley. He[30] went to him for us and returned. 'When\nhe walks he is blind, but he has eyes in the back of his head,' he\nreported to us. 'He kills the people who are slipping up behind him.'\nNow he will not kill anyone. We shall live safely.\u201d He took up what used\nto be his knife and carried it around for the people to see. The man's\nblood was on it, and it was fearful to look at. \u201cThere is no place to\ntake hold of it. I will take hold of it here,\u201d he said. \u201cDo not look at\nthis which used to belong to Naiye'. It is dangerous. Have a meal and\nthen go home. Look after our horses well.\u201d\n\nTheir mother asked why the two who had come to them should not accompany\nthem where the horses were. They went with them where the horses were.\n\u201cCatch the sorrel gelding when you want to. You can tell it by the white\nspot on its shoulder,\u201d he told one of them. To the other he said, \u201cYou\nmay catch this black one with a white spot on its forehead. If we are\naway anywhere saddle them and ride them around among the horses and\nthrough the camp. The horses look as if they were mean, as if they had\nnever had a rope on them, but they will not misbehave, they are not mean\nand will not shy.\u201d They started back and when they came to the camp\nagain they ate.\n\nTwo days after they had killed the Naiye' they said they were going in a\ncertain direction and that it might be late when they returned. They\nwent up to the top of a small sharp-topped mountain. They looked at the\nSun and, when it came up, yellow beams streamed out from the Sun's disk.\nHis breath took the shape of a rainbow. The sunbeams fell to the ground\nover them. \u201cIt must be there,\u201d he said. They started and landed on a\nmountain top. From there they went to another and from that one to a\nprojecting ridge. Beyond that was a plain on which stood a blue\nmountain. They landed on that. It seems that those who were killing the\npeople lived at a distance from each other and the people were living in\nthe center of the world. The killers of the people were working towards\neach other.\n\nThe two brothers stood on the mountain side by side. They were made like\ntheir father. You could hardly see their bodies. They were killing out\nthe Naiye'. \u201cFly over the country and hunt him up. He is living\nsomewhere,\u201d one of them said to the fly. It flew off and went around\nthem in a circle. The next time it went around in a smaller circle. He\n(the monster) was coming behind them. He had eyes looking both ways,\nfour eyes. He held something crooked. He stopped and looked carefully\nbehind himself. He did not look in front. He could look straight up and\ncould see people down below. The fly looked him all over, at his eyes,\nhis ears, his nose, and his face. \u201cYou are a burr,\u201d he said to the fly.\nThe fly thought he said he was going to catch him. He flew between the\nman's legs and returned where the brothers were sitting. \u201cDid you say\nNaiye'? You have come to a dangerous place,\u201d the fly said to them. \u201cAs\nhe walks along he looks carefully behind himself. When he stops he looks\nup and he can see the people who are below.[31] He carries a long,\ncrooked object with which he makes a sweep at people he sees in the\ndistance and catches them with his hook.\u201d\n\nThe fly was sent again to find out from which point the monster could be\nattacked with the best chances for success. They saw him walking in the\ndistance and then they saw him standing where he was accustomed to come\nup the ridge. The fly reported that was a good place for the attack. The\nbrothers addressed each other. \u201cWhat is the matter with you,\nTobatc'istcini?\u201d Naiyenezgani asked. \u201cYou are the leader and should\nspeak first,\u201d Tobatc'istcini replied. \u201cVery well, you did not answer me.\nWe will attack him. I will cause large hail with thirty-two points to\nfall on him. What are you going to do?\u201d Naiyenezgani asked. \u201cI will\ncause hot rain to fall on him,\u201d was the reply.\n\nThey went to him where he was walking. The sky made a noise and it began\nto rain. The two brothers came toward him behind this rain. He put his\nhand to the top of his head. It was hot rain which was falling. They\ncould see him, but he could not see them. \u201cLet him walk between you,\u201d\nthe fly directed. He was already exhausted with the hot rain and the\nhail. Naiyenezgani stood here and Tobatc'istcini there. The monster\nwalked here saying, \u201cIt is a bad time. I, too, where I am, it is a bad\nplace.\u201d As he walked one of the brothers raised his bow and brought it\ndown again, shooting. His companion cut off the monster's head. It came\nback immediately as it was before. They shot and cut his head off again.\nHe fell three ways. They did the same thing to him the fourth time and\nhe spread out like water. \u201cThere shall not be those who kill,\u201d\nNaiyenezgani said. \u201cThis is the way I do to Naiye'. Just let him float\nhere in his blood. The people will live happily on the earth. I have\ndone well by them. Get ready, brother, we will go back. We will take the\nweapon with which he has been killing people.\u201d He rolled this weapon up\ninto a coil and put it in his blanket. \u201cCome, we will go back,\u201d he said.\n\nThey came back in the manner they went, landing on the successive\nmountains until they reached the camp. They danced a war dance near the\ncamp. They danced, holding up the weapon they had taken. \u201cMother, we are\nhungry, hurry and cook for us,\u201d they said to her. When they had eaten\nthey asked their mother to assemble the people and to ask the visitors\nalso to come. She told the people to assemble, saying that her sons must\nhave seen something during the day they had been away which they would\ntell them about. When the people had come together the weapon they had\nbrought back was lying there, not as yet untangled.\n\n\u201cWe killed one like the other one. We both did it, but I could have done\nit by myself, if I had been alone. If he had been alone he too could\nhave done it by himself,\u201d Naiyenezgani said. \u201cWe both attacked him\nbecause we could do it quickly. We killed him quickly because our father\nhelped us. If it had been one of you, you could have done nothing with\nthis one that we call Naiye'. He would have killed you right away and\neaten you up. He had killed all the people who lived with these two men,\nand just now he was coming for you. Before we had known it, he would\nhave killed us all. There are no people living on the edges of the\nearth. We are all that are left. He killed people this way. Suppose that\nperson should come on you, he would kill you this way.\u201d He threw the\nweapon to a distant bush. It went around the tree and it was as if it\nhad been cut off. \u201cHe was killing people thus. Now we will live well and\nno one will bother us. A man is going around the earth in one day and he\nwill tell us about it.\u201d[32] Tobatc'istcini started away and his mother\nspoke to him. \u201cMy son, put on this belt,\u201d she said, offering him the one\nthe Sun's wife had given her. \u201cI am going around from here but today it\nis late, I will go tomorrow,\u201d he said. They went to bed. \u201cTake good care\nof things and do not be afraid of anything,\u201d Tobatc'istcini said.\n\nWhen it was daylight their mother prepared a meal for them and they ate.\n\u201cCome back safely, my son, as the people said to you,\u201d the mother said.\n\u201cI am going, but I do not know when I shall come back,\u201d Tobatc'istcini\nreplied. He started, telling them to watch for him on a certain mountain\npoint. \u201cI will be back about noon.\u201d\n\nHe started away, traveling with a blue flute which had wings.[33] He\nwent with this from place to place and was back home before long. He\nwent entirely around the border of the world on which people were\nliving. The belt was a blue flute. He thought with it four ways and\nlooked into it four ways. Before noon a light rain fell on the\nprojecting mountain. That cleared off and then he came laughing. \u201cIt was\nnot far, only so large,\u201d he said, joining the tips of his forefinger and\nhis thumb. \u201cHave you your property ready?\u201d he asked. \u201cHave you collected\neverything that is ours? Tomorrow we will give out the horses, one\napiece to each of you. We shall not give out horses again. Bring the\nhorses near to the camp.\u201d\n\nThey brought the saddles, the bridles, the halters, the ropes, and the\nblankets. They two went where the horses were. They caught some of the\nhorses and saddled them, and drove the other horses near the camp where\nthey herded them. They called the people to assemble and when they came\ncaught horses for them. He gave away ten horses in all. \u201cI will give you\nno more horses,\u201d he said. \u201cTomorrow we will go different ways.\u201d[34] He\ndrove the horses back where they stayed. \u201cStake out our horses nearby\nand leave the saddles on them all night,\u201d he said. \u201cThis is all. You may\ngo in any direction you like.\u201d \u201cThis way,\u201d pointing to the east; \u201cthis\nway,\u201d south; \u201cthis way,\u201d west; or \u201cthis way,\u201d north. \u201cWe are going over\nhere where the end of the world is,\u201d some of them said. Others said they\nwere going to the end of the world in this direction. In this manner,\neach party chose a location.\n\nWhen they had finished, they asked the brothers which way they were\ngoing. They replied that they were going to drive their horses to the\ntop of yonder mountain (_bitsanldai_). \u201cTake good care of your horses.\nLook after them for twelve days and then they will be accustomed to you.\nNow you may go. We are going also.\u201d He drove his horses away saying,\n\u201cNone of you are going with us. I thought some of you would go with us.\nYou are only giving us back our mother. Go on, mother, let your horse\nlead.\u201d\n\nHis mother inquired which way she should lead them. \u201cGo on, go on, I\ntell you,\u201d he replied. She rode towards the east. Soon a little light\nwas to be seen under the horse. They went higher and higher until they\ncame to the mountain he spoke of. They rode their horses beside hers.\n\u201cWait, mother,\u201d he said and rode back. \u201cKeep on down this mountain. It\nis good country in this basin. We will live here,\u201d he said. They talked\ntogether. \u201cYou unsaddle over there, you over there, and you over there.\nWe will watch the horses.\u201d\n\n\u201cYou may have my yucca fruit which lies on the face of Turnbull\nMountain.\u201d[35]\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 1:\n\n  Told by a White Mountain Apache called Noze, at Rice, Arizona, in\n  January. 1910. Noze was a native of Cedar Creek and came to the San\n  Carlos Reservation when it was organized. He was for a long time the\n  chief of a considerable band which in 1910 had greatly dwindled. He\n  died some time between 1910 and the next visit in 1914.\n\nFootnote 2:\n\n  This mountain was said to be called _tsidalanasi_ and to stand by the\n  ocean at the south. This is a remarkable statement as east would have\n  been expected and as is so stated in fact in a following paragraph.\n\nFootnote 3:\n\n  This makes the boys brothers in our use of the word. They are always\n  so called in the Navajo account according to which their mothers were\n  sisters. Matthews, 105.\n\nFootnote 4:\n\n  At the center of the sky.\n\nFootnote 5:\n\n  And therefore the boys were not seen by the Sun.\n\nFootnote 6:\n\n  The sacred numbers are 4, 12, and 32.\n\nFootnote 7:\n\n  This method of making the journey has not been encountered before in\n  this connection, but is an incident in a European story secured from\n  the San Carlos, p. 82, above. The usual account includes a series of\n  obstacles some of which resemble the incidents of a European story.\n  See p. 116 below.\n\nFootnote 8:\n\n  Clouds according to the Navajo account, Matthews, 111; and below, p.\n  117.\n\nFootnote 9:\n\n  Thus far the myth seems chiefly to deal with the adolescence ceremony\n  of the boys. The San Carlos account brings in the Sun's father and\n  brothers of the Sun's father as performers of this ceremony, while the\n  Navajo account mentions the daughters of the Sun. See p. 11 above, and\n  Matthews, 112.\n\nFootnote 10:\n\n  Other versions make this the second naming of the elder brother. His\n  boyhood name was \u201cWhitehead,\u201d p. 31. Still other names are known to\n  the Navajo. Matthews, 263-264.\n\nFootnote 11:\n\n  To know by name things or animals hitherto unknown is often mentioned\n  as a great feat. P. 24.\n\nFootnote 12:\n\n  It is seldom that the Apache conception of animism is so plainly\n  stated. Songs however abound in the designation of objects as\n  \u201cliving.\u201d\n\nFootnote 13:\n\n  When a youth went through an adolescence ceremony he did it with a\n  definite career in mind. The normal myth of this type put the emphasis\n  on the weapons secured and feats of warlike prowess in killing the\n  monsters; that is, the warrior idea is uppermost. This version\n  stresses the acquisition of horses and probably is a specialized myth\n  for those who wish to be successful in acquiring and breeding horses.\n\nFootnote 14:\n\n  The house of the Sun with the stable and corral, the furniture of the\n  house, and many other references indicate the home of a European and\n  such seems to be the conception.\n\nFootnote 15:\n\n  The two wives of the Sun are often mentioned. The Navajo account has\n  Esdzanadlehi go to the west where the sun visits her daily. Here and\n  there, especially in the songs, the Moon is coupled with the Sun, and\n  is feminine in sex. That the Moon and the Earth should both be called\n  the \u201cWoman who renews herself\u201d is interesting. These conceptions are\n  generally vague and implied rather than expressed.\n\nFootnote 16:\n\n  Earth, literally \u201cThere on the earth.\u201d\n\nFootnote 17:\n\n  The narrator said those mentioned at the beginning of the narrative\n  were not real people but just like shadows. The other versions have\n  only the one family existing at this time.\n\nFootnote 18:\n\n  The reference may be to moss, especially as rain falling on it is\n  mentioned below.\n\nFootnote 19:\n\n  The narrator said it was true that horses would not pass a blanket so\n  placed in a narrow canyon.\n\n  This order of the colors and their assignment varies from the one more\n  generally found of black for the east and white for the south. P. 7,\n  and Matthews, 215.\n\nFootnote 20:\n\n  This announcing of names is probably to be explained as ceremonial.\n  Ordinarily, it is improper, probably because immodest to call one's\n  own name.\n\nFootnote 21:\n\n  The use of pollen for sacred purposes is a very important feature\n  among the Athapascan of the Southwest. It is always preferred to the\n  cornmeal used by the Pueblo peoples.\n\nFootnote 22:\n\n  In the division of labor the women are supposed to saddle and unsaddle\n  the horses.\n\nFootnote 23:\n\n  Because he must use a white saddle, the informant explained.\n\nFootnote 24:\n\n  The whinneying was heard from the top of the sky.\n\nFootnote 25:\n\n  The conception of time passing while the Sun stood still is fairly\n  difficult for a people without timepieces.\n\nFootnote 26:\n\n  This method of traveling implies lightning, rainbow or a similar\n  supernatural method, in this case said to be sunbeams.\n\nFootnote 27:\n\n  The name is Naiye', \u201ca dangerous monster,\u201d and -nezgani, \u201che who\n  kills.\u201d\n\nFootnote 28:\n\n  It is said above that he had no eyes in front.\n\nFootnote 29:\n\n  \u201cMountain, its child.\u201d\n\nFootnote 30:\n\n  He did not mention his fly by name.\n\nFootnote 31:\n\n  Probably means he can see people who are on the opposite side of a\n  hill.\n\nFootnote 32:\n\n  These monsters are not those in the usual versions. The bringing of\n  trophies and the narratives remind one of counting coup in the Plains.\n  The Navajo versions also mention the bringing back of trophies.\n\nFootnote 33:\n\n  One of the recognized methods of rapid locomotion. P. 20 above.\n\nFootnote 34:\n\n  The dispersion of the tribes, a common incident in origin myths.\n\nFootnote 35:\n\n  The formula for the completion of a narrative.\n\n\n\n\n                           NAIYENEZGANI.[36]\n\n\nLong ago the Sun set and, there in the west, he became the son-in-law of\nToxastinhn (Water-old-man) whose daughter he married. She, who was to\nbecome the wife of the Sun, built a house with its door facing the\nsunrise. She sat in the doorway facing the rising sun from which the red\nrays streamed toward her. These rays entered her and since her period\nwas about to occur she became pregnant as a result.\n\nWhen the child was born, its hands and feet were webbed. There was no\nhair on its head and it had no nose. When the boy was grown up he asked\nwhere his father lived. His mother replied that his father lived where\none could not go, for the Sun was his father. The boy asked again where\nhe lived. His mother said he lived at the sunrise, but that one could\nnot go there. The boy then said that he would go there and set out on\nthe journey.\n\nHe came where the cliffs come down of themselves. They moved in front of\nhim. The lightning shot across with him. Beyond that place he came to\nthe mountain of cactus which formed a dark barrier in front of him.\nThere a black whirlwind twisted through for him so that he passed by.\nFrom there he went on where the mountain of mosquitoes stood like a\nblack ridge in front of him. A female rain fell for him and the wings of\nthe mosquitoes became damp; then he passed over. From there he went on\nwhere the mountains moved up and down toward each other. He jumped away\nfrom them and then toward them, but in no way could he get through.\nBlack-measuring-worm, whose back is striped with lightning, bent over it\nwith him.[37]\n\nHe walked on toward the house of the Sun. As he was going along, near\nsundown, a spider drew its thread across below the boy's knee and\ntripped him. He got up and went back, but fell again at the same place.\nWondering why he had fallen, he started on again, when he saw the head\nof Spider-old-woman projecting from her hole so far (three inches) away.\n\u201cGrandchild, where are you going?\u201d she asked. He replied that he was\ngoing to the house of his father, the Sun. She told him to come into her\nhouse instead. He replied that the opening was too small. When assured\nthat it was large enough, he went in. She told him one could not go to\nthe Sun. The spider girls were lying there without skirts or shirts.\nThey lay with the head of one toward the feet of the next. Spider-woman\nasked what was the piece of cloth tied to his shirt. He gave it to her\nand she worked with it all night; and the next morning each girl had a\nshirt and a skirt. She made them from the young man's piece of\ncloth.[38]\n\nWhen the Sun rose, Spider-old-woman went out-of-doors. \u201cIt is not yet\ntime, my grandson,\u201d she said. She held up five fingers horizontally and\nsaid it would be time when the Sun shone over them.[39] When the time\ncame to go, they set out toward the house of the Sun. He came to the\nfront of the house where there were twelve doors and all of them were\nshut. Without anyone opening a door for him, he came to Sun's wife.\n\u201cWhat sort of a person are you?\u201d she asked. He replied he had come to\nsee his father. The woman warned him that no one was allowed around\nthere. She rolled him up in a blanket,[40] which she tied with\nlightning, and hid him by the head of the bed.\n\nWhen the sun set, he heard the noise of the Sun's arrival. The Sun came\ninside his house. \u201cI do not see anyone,\u201d he said, \u201cbut from the mountain\nwhere I go down some man had gone along.\u201d \u201cYou tell me you do not have\nlove affairs where you go around. This morning your son came here.\u201d She\nwent to the head of the bed, undid the lightning with which he was tied\nup and took the boy out. The Sun saw it was his boy. There were twelve\npipes in which tobacco was burned. The Sun fixed a smoke for him in one\nof these. It was not the Sun's proper tobacco, but a kind that killed\nwhoever smoked it. The boy drew on the pipe just once and the tobacco\nwas burned out. The Sun prepared another pipeful, which was gone when\nthe boy had drawn on the pipe twice. He filled a third pipe; this time\nthe boy drew on it three times and the tobacco was consumed. The last\ntime the pipe was filled, the boy drew four times before the tobacco was\nburned out.\n\nToward the east, there was a blazing fire of black _yabeckon_ into which\nthe Sun threw the boy. He turned into a downy feather and landed in\nfront of his father who expressed his surprise. There was a fire of blue\n_yabeckon_ toward the south into which the boy was next thrown. He again\nturned into a feather and landed in front of his father. The fire toward\nthe west was of yellow _yabeckon_ from which the boy escaped in the same\nmanner. Finally, the boy was thrown into a white fire of _yabeckon_\nwhich blazed up in the north. He escaped in the same manner as before.\nEach time when the boy was thrown in, the fire had been poked with\nlightning of the corresponding color.\n\nWhen the boy had successfully withstood this last test, the Sun directed\nhis wife to prepare a sweatbath. She did this by spreading four blankets\nof cloud: black, blue, yellow, and white. She put on the four blankets\nfrom the four sides in proper rotation. The Sun went in with all his\nboys. While they were in the bath, the skin between the boy's fingers\nand toes was pulled back and joints made in his fingers. He was also\nprovided with hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, nose, and ears. Hair was placed\non his body and nails supplied for his fingers and toes. Counting this\nboy, the Sun had twelve sons with whom he formed a line. He then asked\nhis wife to find him in the line, but this she was unable to do because\nthey all looked alike, she said.\n\nThe Sun then placed a gun and a panther-skin quiver on a shelf and asked\nhis son to choose which he would have. After sighting the gun, he\nconcluded he did not like it. He put the quiver over his shoulder and\ntook out two arrows. When he tried these, he hit the target in the\ncenter. He chose the panther-skin quiver saying he liked it.[41] All the\nother sons of the Sun had guns. The Sun had them shoot at each other in\nfun. Those who had guns beat the boy who had arrows and drove him off.\n\nOn one side, horses were being made and on the other deer. The one who\nwas in charge of making these is named Iltca'nailt'ohn.\n\nThey put, for him, a light brown mountain, inside of which, cattle,\ngoats, sheep, pigs, horses, mules, and donkeys were living. All these\nare the food of white people. In this mountain also were guns, blankets,\nand all kinds of metals.\n\nOn the other side he put, for him, a mountain on which century plants\nwere growing with their yellow flower stalks standing all around the\nedges. On this mountain, too, were sunflowers, yellow with blossoms,\ncactus, yucca, pi\u00f1on, oaks, junipers, the fruit of all of which was\nperpetually ripe. All the other wild vegetable foods of the Indians grew\nthere also. The mountain was always yellow with flowers.\n\nThe Sun asked the boy which of these two mountains he would choose. He\ndecided to take the one which was yellow with flowers where fruit was\nalways ripe. He did not care for the light brown mountain which stood\ntoward the east. He announced that the yellow mountain would be his and\nwould belong in the future to the Indians.\n\nThey then opened a door in the side of the brown mountain and drove out\ncattle, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, donkeys, and mules. These became the\nproperty of your white people's nation. The Sun's son asked that some\nhorses be given him. The Sun reminded him he had asked for the other\nmountain, and wanted to know why he had not then asked for horses.\n\nFrom the east, mirage people rounded up some horses for him. The red\ndust of the round-up covered the ground. \u201cThere are no horses,\u201d the Sun\nsaid. The boy asked again for horses only to be told he should have\nasked before when he chose between the two mountains. He asked, that\nnotwithstanding, he be given some horses. The Sun took up a rope and led\nback a chestnut stallion from the east. He tied the horse which stood\npawing the ground and nickering. The boy rode back on it to the place\nwhere I suppose Toxastin and his grandmother lived. He rode back in a\nsingle day and tied his horse. The horse kept nickering and pawing the\nearth all the time; he would not graze and the boy was not satisfied. He\nrode back to the house of the Sun, took off the rope; and the horse ran\noff toward the east kicking up his heels.\n\nThe boy told his father, the Sun, that the stallion he had given him was\nnot satisfactory, and that he had come to ask for a different horse. His\nfather went away and returned with two horses, a stallion and a mare.\n\u201cThese are what you want, I suppose,\u201d the Sun said, and gave the boy a\nrope, a halter, a saddle blanket, and a saddle.\n\nThe boy led the horse back to the place where Toxastin, his grandmother,\nand his mother lived. He led the horses back to a place called\nCottonwood-branches-hang-down. To the south, blue cottonwood branches\nhung down; to the west, yellow cottonwood branches hung down; to the\nnorth, white cottonwood branches hung down. The place was named the\ncenter of the earth. The saddle was placed at the east; the saddle\nblanket at the south; the halter, at the west; and the rope, at the\nnorth.\n\nIn the dry stream bed to the east, black burdocks grew; to the south,\nblue burdocks grew; to the west, yellow burdocks; and to the north,\nwhite burdocks. He turned out the two horses here to the east. Each time\nthe Sun's son came back there, he found the two horses playing. After\nfour days, he drove the horses up the valley a little way four times.\nWhen he went the fourth day to see them he found the tracks of a colt.\n\nThat cottonwood tree stood in the center. On the east side of it a black\nstallion stood; on the south side, a blue stallion; on the west side, a\nyellow stallion; on the north side, a white stallion. Horses were\nwalking around in the valleys to the east, south, west, and north. Thus\nthere came to be horses here on the earth.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 36:\n\n  Told by the father of Frank Crockett, February, 1910. Frank's father\n  was of the Bissaxa clan and was about sixty years old in 1910. He was\n  still a growing youth when he left the White River country.\n\nFootnote 37:\n\n  These in part are the obstacles mentioned in the Navajo account. They\n  are overcome in a different manner. Matthews, 109-110.\n\nFootnote 38:\n\n  Spider-woman is of considerable importance in the mythology of the\n  Hopi. Voth, 2, 11. The Navajo account (Matthews, 109) omits the\n  clothing-making episode. Spider-woman is the originator of spinning,\n  Franciscan Fathers, 222. She is sometimes said to be the mother of the\n  Sun and therefore Naiyenezgani's paternal grandmother.\n\nFootnote 39:\n\n  An Apache method of indicating time when the Sun is near the horizon.\n\nFootnote 40:\n\n  The blanket was probably a cloud. The word _caziz_ ought to mean\n  \u201csun-sack.\u201d\n\nFootnote 41:\n\n  Had Naiyenezgani taken the gun Indians would have been armed as white\n  men are.\n\n\n\n\n                     THE PLACING OF THE EARTH.[42]\n\n\nThey did not put this large one (the earth) that lies here in place\nbefore my eyes.\n\nThe wind blew from four directions. When there was no way to make the\nearth lie still, Gopher, who lives under the earth, put his black ropes\nunder the earth. Here his black rope lies under it; here his blue rope;\nhere his yellow rope; and here his white rope.\n\nOver here (east) they made a black whirlwind stand with black metal\ninside of it. Here (south) a blue whirlwind and blue metal were placed;\nhere (west) a yellow whirlwind and yellow metal; and here (north) a\nwhite whirlwind and white metal. With these standing on all sides, the\nearth came to its proper place and was stable.\n\n\u201cNow that this is as it should be, what shall we do next?\u201d said one of\nthem. \u201cTo what purpose have we had such a hard time making this earth\nlie properly which otherwise would have been unstable?\u201d Then he began to\npat it with his hand. \u201cLet a black cloud move about sprinkling,\u201d he\nsaid.\n\n\u201cThere will be life from this; the world will be alive from the\ndampness,\u201d he said. \u201cThey did well by us, what shall we do? Now thank\nyou,\u201d they said.\n\nThe people had nothing. The one who was in charge (the Sun); that one\nonly was walking around. \u201cIt will turn out well with him walking about,\u201d\nthey said. They looked well at the one they meant. \u201cThat one is the\nSun,\u201d they said. \u201cWe did it in the presence of that one walking about.\u201d\n\nThen Ests'unnadli said she would do something unseemly. Thinking she\nwould do it where the Sun first shone in the morning, she seated herself\nthere. She was doing this only that people might live. There were no\npeople and she thought there should be many and she did it for that\nreason.\n\nShe became pregnant. She and the one walking around were the only ones\nwho understood about generation. She gave birth to a child there where\nshe sat. She went back to the child early each morning for four mornings\nand on the fourth, the child walked back with her. He was entirely\ndressed as he walked back with her.\n\n\u201cIt is not good that there should be only this one,\u201d she said. \u201cIt will\nbe well for me to do an improper thing again.\u201d She sat repeatedly where\nthe water was dripping and became pregnant again. She gave birth a\nsecond time to a child. \u201cI will do as I did before,\u201d she said. She went\nto her child early each morning for four mornings. The fourth morning\nafter he was born, the child returned with her. He was dressed in\nbuckskin, shoes and all.\n\nShe had given birth to two children. The latter one she named\nTobate'isteini and the first one Bilnajnollije.[43] They were the\nchildren of this one (the Sun).\n\nA black water vessel by the door of the sun's house was flecked with\nsunshine. He caused dark lightning to dart under it from four\ndirections. He caused it to thunder out of it in four directions. He\ncaused it to thunder in four directions. He caused male rain to fall in\nfour directions. He caused fruits to stand on the earth in lines\npointing in four directions. \u201cThanks,\u201d they said, \u201che has treated us\nwell.\u201d\n\nA yellow water vessel by Ests'unnadlehi's door was flecked with light.\nShe caused yellow lightning to pass under it from four directions. She\ncaused it to thunder from it toward four directions. She caused female\nrain to fall four times in four directions. She caused fruits to stand\nin lines converging from four directions. \u201cThanks, she has treated us\nwell,\u201d they said. \u201cBecause of her, things are well with us.\u201d \u201cShe caused\nthe wind to agitate the grass from four directions for us,\u201d they said.\n\u201cWith no trouble for us it comes to its place. The earth will remain\nwell for us,\u201d they said. \u201cIt is still the same way for us that it was\nlong ago. We are thankful yet.\u201d\n\n\u201cMother, where does our father live?\u201d the boys asked. \u201cDo not ask, for\nhe lives in a dangerous place,\u201d Ests'unnadlehi replied. \u201cDo not say he\nlives in a dangerous place but show us where it is, for we are going\nthere,\u201d they replied. \u201cIf you go you must travel only by night. During\nthe day one must sit still,\u201d she told them. She said this, for she meant\nfor them to make the journey without being seen by the Sun.\n\nThey wondered why she told them to go only at night and resolved to\ntravel by day. They came near where the ground was black with mosquitoes\nthat had teeth of _becdi\u0142xi\u0142_, and there was no way to pass through\nthem. They caused a rain, yellow with sunshine, to fall on them and wet\ntheir wings so that they stuck to the trees. By this means, they passed\nbeyond them. \u201cThis is why she said it is dangerous,\u201d they said to each\nother. They came where the earth was crossed with a stripe of cactus\nwhich had spines of _becdi\u0142xi\u0142_. A black whirlwind with a core of\n_becdi\u0142xi\u0142_ passed, twisting through the cactus; the boys got by it.\n\u201cThis was surely the bad place of which our mother told us,\u201d they said.\nAs they were going on toward their father's house, they came to sand\nwhich, if one stepped on it, rolled back with him. There was no way to\nget through it. A big black measuring worm having his back striped with\na rainbow, bent himself over the sand for them and they crossed over.\nThey were now approaching their destination when they found the house\nsurrounded by thirty-two lakes which could not be avoided.\n\nA turquoise bird sat in the ear of one of them and directed them on\ntheir way. The Sun's wife saw the two men pass through, avoiding the\nfour bodies of water that surrounded the house. She concealed them under\nthe bed which stood in the house. When the Sun returned, he saw the\ntracks of two men and asked where they had gone. The Sun's wife replied\nthat they were not there. \u201cYou are always saying you have made no visits\nand yet your two sons come here,\u201d she said. The Sun directed that they\nshould come to him. They sat facing him. He had tobacco hanging in sacks\nin four places. It was black tobacco which grew on stalks of\n_becdi\u0142xi\u0142_. He had a turquoise pipe with thirty-two[44] holes for the\ntobacco to burn in. With this tobacco, he killed those who were not\nreally his children. They heard him draw on the pipe once and then he\ntapped it on something and the ashes rolled out. \u201cFix me a smoke, that\nis why I came,\u201d one of the boys said.\n\nThey two went to the sack which was hanging on this side. It was filled\nwith large blue tobacco which grew on stalks of _becdo\u0142'ije_. He filled\na pipe with thirty-two bowls and lighted it again. Having drawn on the\npipe, he passed it to them. He heard them draw on the pipe once and then\nthe ashes fell out.\n\n\u201cPrepare a smoke for me, for I came for that purpose,\u201d one of the boys\nsaid again. When the other kinds, yellow, and white had been tried from\nthe remaining world-quarters, one of the boys produced some tobacco and\na pipe made of clay with a hole through it. \u201cThis is my pipe and my\ntobacco,\u201d the boy announced. \u201cWhy did you not tell me before that you\nhad tobacco?\u201d the Sun said. He had chairs placed and took a seat between\nthe two boys. The three looked just alike. \u201cCome, Djingona'ai,[45] move\nyourself,\u201d the Sun's wife said, so that she might distinguish him from\nthe others. \u201cThey are surely my children,\u201d the Sun declared. \u201cWhat do\nyou desire?\u201d he asked them. The boys said they had come to hear him ask\nthat. The Sun urged them to ask for what they wished without delay as he\nhad many things.\n\nThe Sun had domesticated animals in four corrals on four sides of his\nhouse. He had four kinds which were bad. They were bear, coyote,\npanther, and wolf, of which one is afraid. He led a bear from the\neastern corral, remarking that this was probably the sort they meant,\nthat it was his pet. The boys refused it, saying they had come for his\nhorse. In turn he led animals from corrals at the south and west which\nwere refused each time on the advice of the monitor that sat in the ear\nof one of the boys. The Sun pretended he had no other horse, that he was\npoor. The monitor urged them to persist in their request, saying that\nthe Sun could not refuse. He finally led to them one of the horses which\nwas walking around unconfined. He was just skin and bones. The rope also\nwas poor. \u201cDid you ask for this one?\u201d the Sun said. \u201cThat is the one,\u201d\nthey replied. The Sun told them the horse could not travel far, but the\nboys said that was the animal they wanted.\n\nHe gave them the horse with the admonition that they must not let\nEsts'unnadlehi see it or she would send them away with it, it looked so\nbad. The boys assured him it would be all right. He replied that she\nwould be surprised at least. He requested them to tell Ests'unnadlehi\nthat he, the Sun, always told the truth. He charged the two boys that\nthey should not lie to each other. \u201cThis is a good day for you both,\u201d he\ntold them. \u201cThank you, Ests'unnadlehi, my mother, thanks.\u201d \u201cThank you,\nDjingona'ai, my father. It is true that it is fortunate for us. It was\nfor that reason you raised us,\u201d they said.[46]\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 42:\n\n  Told in 1910 by a very dignified man, C. G. 2, of about sixty years.\n  He is a leader of the Naiyenezgani songs used for adolescent girls.\n\nFootnote 43:\n\n  The lightning strikes with him, evidently a poetic name.\n\nFootnote 44:\n\n  It was explained that four was the real number, thirty-two being\n  presumably a ceremonial or poetic exaggeration.\n\nFootnote 45:\n\n  \u201cGoes by day,\u201d the Sun.\n\nFootnote 46:\n\n  This fragment of the culture-hero story having been told, the narrator\n  refused to proceed, perhaps because he knew it had already been\n  several times recorded.\n\n\n\n\n                     THE ADOLESCENCE CEREMONY.[47]\n\n\nThe Sun was the one who arranged the ceremony for unclean women. She\n(Ests'unnadlehi) sat thus on her knees and the red light from the sun\nshone into her. She was living alone.\n\nWhen she becomes a woman they straighten her. The people stand in a line\nand sing while the drum is beaten. They dance four nights. They paint\nher with white clay that she may live a long time, and that her hair may\nget white on one side of her head. They put up a cane with a curved top\nfor her around which she is to run. At one side a basket stands in which\nthere is tobacco and on the other side a basket containing corn.\n\nWhen she has run around the cane in its first position, it is put up\nagain farther away, where she runs around it again and returns to the\nline of singers. Again, the cane and basket of corn are moved out and\nthe girl runs around them. When she returns to the singers she dances,\nhaving a downy feather tied at the crown of her head. The cane is put up\nagain and the basket of corn moved once more. The girl runs around them\nreturning to the singers. This cane is said to be the sun's cane and the\nchief's cane.\n\nThe corn is poured from the basket over the crown of the girl's head.\nThe people all try to get a handful of the corn. After that, she throws\nthe blankets in every direction and the people pick them up, saying,\n\u201cMay her blankets be many.\u201d They plant the corn and all say they raise\nlarge crops in consequence.\n\nThey prepare Gans and dance four nights. They do not allow anyone to\nsleep during the dancing.\n\nThe girl, Ests'unnadlehi, has a skirt and a shirt of dressed skin. The\nshirt is spoken of as fringed shirt and the skirt, a fringed skirt.\n\nWhen the Gans dance, the girl dances behind them. She does not sleep\nduring the four nights.\n\nOn the morning after the fourth night all the people gather around to\ninsure good luck in the future. The sun's songs, the chief's songs, are\nsung and with them they dance. After the four nights they paint the girl\nwhite with gypsum mixed with water which is in a shallow basket. The\ngirl stands here and a woman whose husband is rich in horses and other\nproperty stirs the gypsum and water with a hairbrush. She applies this\nwhite mixture to the girl's head, and brushes her downward until she is\nwhitened all over. The girl then sprinkles the men, women, and children\nwho stand around in a large circle. This is done that they may be\nfortunate in the future. If some of the white mixture falls on the hair,\nthat person will have gray hair at that spot.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 47:\n\n  Told by Frank Crockett's father in part, and extended by Frank who was\n  interpreting.\n\n\n\n\n                     THE MIGRATION OF THE GANS.[48]\n\n\nThey say they moved about from place to place under the cliffs. \u201cWe will\nmove to a place where we will not die,\u201d they said. They went to a place\nhalfway between the earth and sky, and lighted on a mirage. They were\ndying there too. They came back to this world. Wind and rain ceased.\n\nMocking bird said he wanted to be chief. Gopher said he wanted to be\nchief. When someone remarked that the chief's eyes were small, Gopher\nwas angry and went under the ground, taking with him the wind and rain.\n\nHumming bird started over the earth, hunting in vain for the wind and\nrain. He came where Gopher had gone underground and went in there and\ncame where the Gans were living. They had much corn and ripe crops. It\nrained there all the time. Humming bird came back and reported that he\nhad been where there were many ripe crops and where rain fell all the\ntime. He also said those who live there do not die. The Gans started to\nmove down there and on their way came to a place called\n\u201cTwo-mountains-go-around-each-other-in-opposite-directions.\u201d Rocks,\nwhite and all colors, lie there, one above the other. The Indians went\nthere and came where the Gans were living.\n\nA small mountain stood at the east and on it Black Gan stood every dawn\nand talked as a chief. When he had spoken as chief four mornings, they\nasked why Black Gan was talking that way. All the Gans came together and\nhe talked to them. \u201cMay one of your children remain here?\u201d he asked. All\nthe Gans said, \u201cNo. Our children are all going with us.\u201d Then Black Gan\ndecided that one of his should stay. He left the youngest little girl,\nputting a turquoise water jar by her pillow. He covered this with earth.\nThey started away where people do not die. His little girl returned to\nthe place where her water jar had been put. While she was gone for it\nthe others moved away and left her.\n\nSome Indians found the baby, who was running about crying, and\ntook her to raise. When she was grown, she married, and gave birth\nto a boy. Then Black Gan had a son-in-law and many people came to\nsee him because he was Black Gan's son-in-law. They crowded into\nthe house and kept saying, \u201cMove over a little, Donaildihi.\u201d He,\nEats-a-long-time-without-being-satisfied, moved over; and they\nkept coming in until the house was stretched over to one side.\n\nBlack Gan's son-in-law lay down with one leg over the other, and called\nfor the baby. When its grandmother brought it, he tossed it up and down\non his chest and sang to it. When he was done playing with it, he called\nto them to take it again.\n\nAfter a time another boy was born. When they were both grown they were\nhunting birds and came where the Gans were living. When they returned,\nfood was offered them in vain. They had eaten where the Gans lived while\naway, and would not eat on their return.\n\nA man fell sick. His eyes and mouth were crooked, as were also his arms\nand legs. The people were asking what they should do about it. The man\ntold the mother of the boys to prepare a deerskin which had no holes in\nit with a piece of turquoise fastened at the forehead. To the turquoise\nhe asked that downy feathers be tied. She directed that _bacin\u03f5_ with\ndowny feathers be tied between the eyes. In addition _ts\u03f5ltc\u03f5\u03f5_ and\n_yo\u0142gai_ each with downy feathers were to be tied to the skin. She asked\nthat the skin prepared thus be placed on the top of the feet of the\nchildren (Gan's grandchildren).\n\nWhen they put it on the foot of one of these boys, he kicked it to the\nother boy, who kicked it back. When this had been done four times one of\nthem directed that wood be brought in, and they consented to give a\ndance for the sick man. They directed that all the people should come\ntogether and that the sick man should be brought to the dancing place.\nPreparations were also made there for the fire. \u201cAll of you come here\nwhere we are going to sing,\u201d they announced.\n\nWhen they had come together they began to sing, the two grandsons of\nBlack Gan acting as leaders. When they started to dance one of them\nstood up and made a speech. He told them they must not go away during\nthe dance or something bad would happen to them.\n\nWhen they had sung four songs, the sound of a bull roarer was heard\nunderground to the east, south, west, and north. The Gans ran there and\nformed in line around him (the sick man). The Gans came to the dance\nground, and Black Gan shook himself by the side of the sick man. He took\nthe sick man up and threw him over there. Then Brown Gan shook his body\nby the sick man and swayed from side to side. Then the Gan who has one\nside of his face covered, shook himself by the sick man and threw him\nover there. Next Red Gan swayed himself and took up the sick man and\nthrew him over there.\n\nThe Black Gan then went to the sick man and made his eyes good again.\nBrown Gan went to him and fixed his arms. The Gan whose face is half\ncovered fixed his back. On this side (north) Red Gan restored his legs.\nThe man was well again, and danced among the others. They danced four\nnights and the morning after, the Gans and men stood with their little\nfingers interlocked; first a man and then a Gan; a man and then a Gan; a\nman and then a Gan. Thus they formed a circle, standing in a line\nalternating, with their little fingers interlocked. They danced until it\ngrew light and then the dance began to move away toward the sunrise. Old\nmen and old women were lying down nearby. The dancing people kept moving\naway toward the east. The old women and old men ran after them. They\nwere dancing on the ground and then began to move up higher and higher\nin the air. The Indians ran after them but the Indians who were dancing\nwent up with the dance. They could hear the sound of the dancing up\nthere and the songs. They moved away to the Sun. He sent them where they\ndo not die. They are still living there, I suppose. They are the people\nwho do not die.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 48:\n\n  Told by the father of Frank Crockett, February, 1910.\n\n\n\n\n                        RELEASING THE DEER.[49]\n\n\nGanisk'ide[50] was the only one who owned deer. He was the only one who\nbrought them home and who ate their flesh. He gave none of the meat to\nthe people who lived near him.\n\nRavens, who were then people, proposed that they make a puppy and desert\nit. They did this; they moved away and left a puppy lying there. When\nthe children of Ganisk'ide went where the people had moved away, they\nfound the puppy. They took it up and carried it home.\n\nGanisk'ide told the children to throw the puppy away, but when they\nobjected, he told them to try the dog's eyes by holding fire in front of\nthem. When they brought the fire near the dog's eyes it cried, \u201cgai gai\ngai.\u201d \u201cIt is a real dog,\u201d Ganisk'ide said. \u201cYou may take him behind the\nstone door where the deer are enclosed and let him eat the entrails.\u201d\n\nWhen the children had taken the dog behind this door he became a man\nagain. He moved the stone to one side and the deer that were inside ran\nout. Ganisk'ide called to his wife from the doorway to touch the\nnostrils of the deer with her odorous secretions. She touched each of\nthe deer on the nose as they ran by her and they received the sense of\nsmell. They ran away from her.\n\n\u201cYou said it was a dog,\u201d he said to his children with whom he was angry,\n\u201cbut he turned them out for us.\u201d The deer scattered all over the earth.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 49:\n\n  Told by the father of Frank Crockett.\n\n  This is a very widely distributed tale. The owner of the animals is\n  usually Raven or Crow. See this series, vol. 8, 212-4; Russell, 259;\n  Wissler and Duvall, 50-53; Kroeber, 65; this series, vol. 10, 250-251.\n\nFootnote 50:\n\n  Ganisk'ide is a deity known to the Navajo, Matthews, 37, 244.\n\n\n\n\n                            DEER WOMAN.[51]\n\n\nAfter he married, they went on a hunting trip. When they had established\ncamp where they were to get the deer meat, the man went out to hunt, but\nthe woman stayed at the camp. As the husband left, he said, if anyone\ncame from the north, that would be himself, but if someone came from the\neast it would be someone else.\n\nThen Gan\u0142jine came there carrying a deer mask in his hand which he put\non the brush of which the camp was made, and sat down by the fire. The\ndeer mask was eating as if it were alive and it made a noise like a\ndeer. Gan\u0142jine told the woman to put on the thing which was lying there.\nShe replied that a deer mask was something to be afraid of. \u201cPut it on\nand let me look at it,\u201d he insisted. \u201cWill it be all right?\u201d she asked\nhim. He told her to put it on anyway, and stand at one side so he could\nlook at it. She put it on and stood at the place designated in the\nposture of a deer.\n\nHe threw a turquoise ring on her, and she became like a deer as far as\nher neck. Then he threw a ring of _bacin\u03f5_ on her and an additional\nportion of her body changed to a deer. Next he threw a ring of\n_tc\u03f5\u0142tc\u03f5\u03f5_, and last, one of _yo\u0142gai_. She was then completely like a\ndeer and walked away, wiggling her tail.\n\nToward the east there are mountains called I\u0142ijgo. There are four\nmountains standing in a line, one back of the other. She who used to be\na woman and Gan\u0142jine went there together. They were mating as they went\nalong, as could be told from the tracks. Deer tracks were in one place\nand nearby, other deer tracks, but on one side a man's tracks. They went\ntoward the east.\n\nWhen the husband came back he saw by the tracks that a man had visited\nthe camp and had gone away with his wife. He went back to the settlement\nand told them that the woman with whom he had gone to hunt had gone off,\nleaving human tracks on one side and on the other side like a deer.\n\nThe people went in a company to the place where the man had camped and\ncommenced following the tracks that were human on one side and deer-like\non the other. While being trailed they ran from those who were following\nthem, who ran after them, chasing them around until the one who had been\na woman was worn out. They overtook her and threw on her a ring of\nturquoise, followed by one of _bacin\u03f5_ and then one of _tc\u03f5\u0142tc\u03f5\u03f5_, and\nfinally one of _yo\u0142gai_. As these rings fell on her she became\nprogressively human in shape. When she had become a human being again,\nthey took her back to the settlement. When it was time for deer to run\nagain, she became a deer once more, and then became a person again.\n\nWhen thunder was heard, they made a camp and went to hunt little fawns\nwhich they were bringing into the camp. This woman who had turned into a\ndeer had little fawns which she had borne for a deer. She went around\namong the houses where the fawns were being brought in and found her own\nlying there dead. An Indian had killed them both and had brought them\nin. When she learned a man had brought in pretty fawns, with yellow\naround their eyes, she ran there and commenced to cry.\n\nShe spoke, saying that the deer they should see along the trail where\nshe went with her children would be herself and that they should pray to\nher.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 51:\n\n  Told by Frank Crockett's father following the preceding story so\n  closely as to make its separation a matter of doubt. A fuller version\n  was obtained from a San Carlos, p. 49, above.\n\n\n\n\n            THE GAMBLER WHO SECURED THE WATER-CEREMONY.[52]\n\n\nA boy started playing _najonc_ and lost his arrows, his moccasins, his\nbreechcloth, his shirt, his headband, his hair, his eyebrows, and his\neyelashes. When he returned home so divested, his mother told him to go\naway somewhere that she might not see him again.\n\nHe started away, utterly naked as he was, and traveled until he came to\nthe edge of the ocean. He jumped into the water but was thrown back.[53]\nHe did this three times with the same result and then jumped in under\nthe water. When he looked back through the water it was white. He began\nto eat all kinds of \u201cworms\u201d as he went along. He ate, also, some of the\ngreen growth floating on the water. They came with him to the house made\nof water. The fly that sat inside his ear gave him information and\nadvice. All the water people and the fog people went with him;\nWater-old-man was among them and Water-youth with a downy feather on the\ncrown of his head. He was sent down that way with a message.[54] They\nsent him where the black blanket of water is spread down.\n\n\u201cOver there he is running along,\u201d someone said. \u201cNow to you they are\nstarting, Water-youths, to you they are starting. Yonder we are coming,\nWater-youths are coming,\u201d he said. \u201cThey are coming right up the stream.\n\n\u201cFog-youths are coming, right in front of the fog they are coming.\n\n\u201cWhere the water stands straight up, next to him, the water people are\ncoming to us. With water-downy-feathers as their feathers they are\ncoming to us; holding the lightning in their hands they are coming to\nus.\n\n\u201cWhere the fog stands straight up, standing next to me, they come to\nus,\u201d he said. \u201cFog-youths come to us,\u201d he said. \u201cAt the end of the\nwater, they come to us. Having downy feathers of fog they come to us;\nholding the lightning in their hands they come to us.\u201d[55]\n\nThe one who became water came by the house made of fog and water. \u201cWhere\nis the place called 'House-of-water'?\u201d he asked. \u201cThis place is called\n'House-of-water'\u201d the water people replied. His monitor, fly, told him\nthey were not telling him the truth. He came to the house made of water.\n\u201cWhere is the place called 'House-of-water'?\u201d he asked. It was Water\nChief to whom he came. \u201cIt is called 'Water-house' right here,\u201d he\nreplied. His fly told him that was correct; that 'Water-house' was\nthere.\n\nTwo vessels filled with water which was boiling, were by the fire.\n\u201cDrink all there is in one of the vessels,\u201d he was told by Water Chief.\nHe drank the contents of one vessel and then vomited. He was saying,\n\u201cwa, wa,\u201d as he vomited. He threw up all of the underwater \u201cworms.\u201d\n\nThey bathed him with the contents of the other vessel. They commenced to\ndance and danced for twelve nights without sleeping. When they had\ndanced twelve nights without his falling asleep they told him he might\ngo home.\n\nThen Naiyenezgani danced there among them. His hat was white on top. He\nheld his hand outspread over him as he stood by him. Water-old-man, too,\ndanced among them. Water-house was on this side.\n\n\u201cWater-youths all came here where they were dancing. With their downy\nfeathers of water they came there. They came to the dance ground holding\nlightning in their hands.\n\n\u201cFrom 'House-made-of-fog,' Fog-girls came where they danced having their\ndowny feathers of fog. They held lightning in their hands.\n\n\u201cWater-youths were behind them, pretty, they were behind them; having\ntheir downy feathers of water, they were behind them. Holding lightning\nin their hands, they were all behind them.\n\n\u201cThe Fog-girls came from the house made of fog. Having downy feathers of\nfog, they danced with fog. All holding lightning in their hands, the\ndance being made of fog they started to dance with him.\n\n\u201cThey danced with the boy who became water.\u201d\n\nNaiyenezgani danced among them. When they were looking somewhere else\nNaiyenezgani became a baby again, and was tied in a basket cradle. The\nattention of the people was attracted elsewhere and when they saw\nNaiyenezgani again he was standing among the Water-maidens to whom he\ndid various things.\n\nTobatc'istcini, too, was tied as a baby, then the two men did various\nthings to them. The twelve nights had passed without anyone sleeping. He\nstood between the Water-maidens. The men from a distance made a circle\nand danced. The Water-people danced with him. The Fog-people danced with\nhim.\n\nThe Sun was present there. From so great a height[56] he looked down on\nthem. They danced in his presence. They danced, too, in the presence of\nthe Moon. When twelve nights had passed and it was the twelfth morning\nhe went to sleep. Far off, a Water-maiden stood. He, who became water,\nstood here and there stood a Fog-maiden. When twelve nights had passed\nhe fell asleep. He loved this one. They shouted to him saying, \u201cYou are\nfalling asleep.\u201d The one standing behind him stepped by his foot and he\nfell against him.\n\n    Bi\u0142'olisn was there where they were dancing.\n    \u201cHe took her away, where the land is beautiful with corn.\n    \u201cFog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with pumpkins.\n    \u201cBi\u0142'olisn; where the land is beautiful with large corn, they two\n       went.\n    \u201cFog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with large pumpkins, they\n       two went.\n    \u201cBi\u0142'olisn; where the land is beautiful with large corn, they two\n       sat down.\n    \u201cFog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with large pumpkins, they\n       two sat down.\n    \u201cBi\u0142'olisn; where the land is beautiful with large corn, they two\n       lay down.\n    \u201cFog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with pumpkins, they two lay\n       down.\n\n\u201cAt the east where the black water lies, stands the large corn, with\nstaying roots, its large stalk, its red silk, its long leaves, its\ntassel dark and spreading, on which there is dew.\n\n\u201cAt the sunset, where the yellow water lies, stands the large pumpkin\nwith its tendrils, its long stem, its wide leaves, its yellow top on\nwhich there is pollen.\u201d[57]\n\nThis all happened where the man turned to water. He came back here where\npeople were living. His mother had her hair cut off and was weeping for\nhim. He came back at the end of a year. His younger brother was walking\noutdoors and saw him. When he saw him coming back he said, \u201cMother, over\nthere my brother is returning.\u201d \u201cEvil one,[58] why do you say that?\u201d she\nreplied. \u201cI am telling the truth, my brother is coming. Come here and\nlook,\u201d the boy said. She came out and found it was true. She called him\nher son, and told him she had been having a hard time and had cried on\nhis account.\n\nHe went and hunted deer in company with his brother. He asked his\nbrother to hunt in a certain direction and circle around to him again.\nThere were thunder showers. The young man was sitting by himself. In one\ndirection it was raining, it was black with the falling rain.\n\n\u201cI wish I might drink water again on top where black rain stands up. I\nwish I might drink water again on top where the water stands up.\u201d His\nbrother returned and surprised him while he was still singing.\n\nThey went back again to the house and the boy told them that his brother\nhad been singing. He was told there were no songs and that he was not\nspeaking the truth. He reaffirmed his statement. He asked that a\nsweathouse be built. When it was ready the boys went in and were singing\ninside. The young man who had been turned into water started to sing the\nwater songs. Inside he wove lightning together again. There had been no\nwater songs and now they existed. Thus, there came to be medicinemen for\nwater.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 52:\n\n  Told by Frank Crockett's father who practised the ceremony. It is for\n  the recovery of those who have been made ill by the floods due to\n  thunderstorms.\n\nFootnote 53:\n\n  A gambler made desperate by his losses is the hero of a Navajo\n  (Matthews, 160) and a Jicarilla story (This series, vol. 8, 214).\n\nFootnote 54:\n\n  A messenger wears a downy feather tied at the crown of his head and is\n  protected by it on his journey. It serves as a safe conduct.\n\nFootnote 55:\n\n  These four paragraphs appear to contain the words of songs.\n\nFootnote 56:\n\n  As high as a man's head.\n\nFootnote 57:\n\n  Clearly a song.\n\nFootnote 58:\n\n  Because one supposedly dead was being mentioned to a near relative.\n\n\n\n\n            THE MAN WHO VISITED THE SKY WITH THE EAGLES.[59]\n\n\nLong ago, there was a man who had a wife and two children, both boys. He\nwent with Coyote on a hunting trip and camped near where they expected\nto secure game. He went out to hunt in the morning; and Coyote also went\nby himself and, as he was walking along, he came where there was an\neagle's nest on a point of rock jutting out in the middle of a high\ncliff. There were young eagles in the nest.\n\nCoyote returned to the camp and reported to the hunter that he had seen\nyoung eagles in a nest. Saying he wished some good feathers for\nfeathering arrows, he asked the other man to lower him from the top of\nthe cliff to the nest. When they had come to the place, Coyote asked the\nother man to allow himself to be lowered and to throw the feathers down\nfor him. Coyote lowered him, asking if he had come to the young eagles.\nThe reply was, \u201cNot yet.\u201d A little later, the same question was repeated\nand the answer this time was, \u201cYes.\u201d Coyote then let the rope fall on\nthe man saying, \u201cCousin, she who was your wife will be mine.\u201d\n\nThe man then sat with the young eagles. He asked what sort of weather\nprevailed when their father returned. They replied that a \u201cmale\u201d rain\nfell.[60] Soon a \u201cmale\u201d rain fell and the father of the young eagles\nflew back in the rain. When he came where the man was sitting with the\nyoung eagles, he asked who was there. The man replied that Coyote had\nlowered him and that he was hovering his children for him. The male bird\ntold him he might remain there and flew off.\n\nThe man then asked the young birds in what sort of weather their mother\ncame back. They said she returned when a \u201cfemale\u201d rain was falling. Soon\na \u201cfemale\u201d rain fell and the eagle's wife returned. She asked the man\nwho he was; he told her that Coyote had lowered him down there and that\nhe was staying with her children. Now she told him he might remain there\nand departed.\n\nThe male bird came back accompanied by a \u201cmale\u201d rain. He brought with\nhim a water vessel made of turquoise and bade the man drink. He drank\nand the water was not exhausted although the vessel of turquoise was\nvery small.[61]\n\nAccompanied by a \u201cfemale\u201d rain the female bird returned and perched\nnearby. She put down a horn vessel of boiled corn and invited the man to\neat it. It was a small vessel, but it was not empty when he had finished\nhis meal.\n\nShe flew away again and after four days the eagle people all assembled.\nThey gave him an eagle shirt and instructed him to do as they did. He\nput on the shirt and flew a little way with it. He put on one shirt\nafter another and flew farther and farther each time, four times. He was\na man but he became an eagle.\n\n     \u201cWhere am I going?\u201d he asked.\n     \u201cWhere the black mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go\n        up.\n In the shadow of his dark wings, I come.\n     \u201cWhere the blue mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go up.\n In the shadow of his blue wings, I come.\n     \u201cWhere the yellow mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go\n        up.\n In the shadow of the yellow wings, I come.\n     \u201cWhere the white mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go\n        up.\n In the shadow of the white wings, I come,\u201d he sang.\n     \u201cBetween the two who sit on the white sky, I go up. Where the white\n        weeds tower up, white on the sky at its center, I go up,\u201d he\n        sang.\n     \u201cWhere the dark houses of the eagles project, I come,\u201d he sang.\n     \u201cWhere the blue houses of eagles project, I go up.\n     \u201cWhere the red houses of the eagles project, I go up.\n     \u201cWhere the white houses of the eagles project, I go up,\u201d he sang.\n\nHe lay down where there were no habitations. They asked him in vain to\ncome inside the building, for soon the person with a skull that kills\nwould come.\n\nSaying he would remain there, he refused, and lay down. In the night, he\nheard the one with a skull that kills coming. He took up a stone and hit\nhim with it as he walked by and killed him. He also killed the bees that\nhad caused the eagles to die out by stinging them. He took the bees from\ntheir nests and killed them all. He killed, too, the wasps that lived in\nrocks, and all the yellow jackets. The tumble weeds, also, were killing\nthe eagles by rolling on them. He beat these weeds with a stick and\ndestroyed them.\n\nHe inquired of an old eagle woman where others were living. She told him\nof wood-rats which have many houses and bring back much material when\nthey go abroad. He went where cactus was standing and when night came,\nlay down to sleep. He heard the sound of people shouting toward the\neast. They were saying, \u201cDown here.\u201d They were chasing an insect called\n_agetdlic_. He killed it.\n\nThe stars were people and were coming to get arrows. Those who were\nrunning after _agetdlic_ jumped over his body one by one as they reached\nit. The last one who was running succeeded in jumping over the body but\nfell back on it.\n\nThey removed the skin, cut up meat, tied it up, and put it on the man's\nback for him to carry. They warned him against looking back. He started\naway with it and carried it until he came to the top of a hill.\nWondering why he had been told not to look back, he did so and fell over\nbackward. He went to the camp of the eagles and told them his load was\non the hill. They went to get the load and brought it to the camp. There\nwas a big pile of the meat which they brought back. \u201cThis was what he\nmeant,\u201d they said. It was sunset by the time they brought the meat back.\n\n\u201cThe man is a good helper,\u201d they said. \u201cHe has killed for us all those\nwho used to kill us.\u201d The man then said he was going home, and the eagle\npeople told him he might do so. They told him, though, that if he was\nafraid four times to fly down, that he could not go down. He was afraid\nthe fourth time and came back saying that he would start home again on\nthe fourth day.\n\nThey went with him to the place where the trail came up. He was afraid\nthree times, but when it was to be the fourth time he flew down.\n\n\u201cWhere the white mirage is located in the center of the sky he rested;\nwhere the yellow house stands, resting in its shadow he sat down.\n\n\u201cThe blue house, standing at the center of the sky; resting in the shade\nhe sat down again.\n\n\u201cThe black house, standing at the center of the sky; resting in its\nshade he sat down again.\u201d\n\nFrom there he flew down and lit on the earth. He alighted on a tree near\nwhich sat the Coyote who had lowered him. He was saying he would shoot\nthe eagle there and get feathers to fix his arrow's. When Coyote tried\nto steal up close under him the eagle flew away to his house and became\na man again. Those, who used to be his children had been renamed, \u201cThey\ngrew up by eating the neck.\u201d Coyote had punched their eyes out. \u201cHe did\nit with an awl,\u201d they told their father.\n\nWhen he came back from hunting, his two children had been all right. He\nheard him bring his load as he came back. He was saying,\n\u201cRaised-with-neck-meat, come and meet me.\u201d \u201cDo not go there,\u201d he told\nhis sons. Coyote kept shouting as he came. He brought the load there and\nthrew it down. He called out. \u201cGood, Cousin. You have come back? I took\ngood care of your children.\u201d\n\nThe man who had been with the eagles then told his wife to put four\nstones on the fire. She put them on the fire to heat. She put one here\nand one here. \u201cPut two of the stones in your mouth and put your feet on\nthese two,\u201d he told Coyote. Coyote did as he was told to, but ran only a\nlittle way before his tail fell out. His wife had an ill odor from being\nwith Coyote. He beat among Coyote's children with a stick.\n\nHe did not like living on the earth. He placed eagle plumes in a row\nwhich multiplied fourfold. With the aid of these the man became an\neagle. The people living here came to have medicinemen with power from\neagles. He was a man but became an eagle and is now in the sky above.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 59:\n\n  Told by the father of Frank Crockett in February, 1910. For the\n  distribution of this story see p. 67 above. It was said to be the myth\n  of a ceremony used to cure one who gets ill from eagle feathers when\n  he uses them to put on his arrows.\n\nFootnote 60:\n\n  This method of knowing when the parents are to return is found in\n  another myth, p. 17 above.\n\nFootnote 61:\n\n  A similar supplying of his wants is in the Navajo account, Matthews,\n  199.\n\n\n\n\n                       HE WHO BECAME A SNAKE.[62]\n\n\nA man (Naiyenezgani) was living alone. He brought wood there and built a\nfire. He danced on rawhide against white men and then went to war. He\ncame where the white people were and killed a white woman. He raised up\nher skirt with a stick and Gila monster was there. \u201cLet that be your\nname,\u201d he said and Gila Monster was called _\u0142enellai_. The two of them\nstarted back and came to a mountain called Bitcil\u0142'ehe. From there they\nwent back and came to a place called Tsitena'a. A porcupine was there\nand one of the men said, \u201cMy cousin, a porcupine lies here.\u201d They killed\nit and buried it in the ashes of the fire. At midnight he uncovered it,\nbut Naiyenezgani did not eat of it, only his partner. \u201cMy cousin, it\ntastes like red peppers, taste it,\u201d he said. They lay down again and\nwent to sleep. The next morning there were traces where the one who had\neaten had crawled into the water as a snake. Naiyenezgani went back from\nthere and in the yellow light of evening came back to Tatakawa,[63]\nsaying, \u201cSince early this morning I came from Tsitena'a.\u201d When all the\npeople had come together they asked, \u201cWhat place is called that?\u201d\n\u201cBig-hawk-old-man says he has been all over earth and seen\neverything.[64] Send for him,\u201d they said. When he was summoned, he came\nwalking with his cane and sat down. \u201cYou are accustomed to say you have\nseen every place on earth. A man says he has come from Tsitena'a since\nearly this morning,\u201d they told him. \u201cWell, it is not near. I flew from\nthere in ten days and when I came here the yellow light of sunset was\nover the earth.\u201d\n\nNaiyenezgani then said, \u201cHe stayed with me last night and he ate\nsomething. It seems he turned into a snake and crawled in the river.\u201d\n\nAll the Eagle people, Black Whirlwind, the Sun, the Moon, and the Gan\npeople all started toward Tsitena'a. When they came there, in the\npresence of the Sun and Moon, Black Gan rolled a turquoise hoop into the\nwater. The water of the river rose up so much. Then Gan\u0142baiye rolled a\nhoop of _bacin\u03f5_ into the water. Next Gan with his face half covered\nrolled a hoop of _ts\u03f5\u0142tc\u03f5\u03f5_ in the water and the river was lifted up so\nmuch (about a yard). Finally, Gan\u0142tci' rolled a hoop of _yo\u0142gai_ and the\nwater was high enough above the river bed that a man could walk under\nit.[65]\n\nThey all entered the bed of the river and followed the man who had\nturned into a snake. They finally overtook him. There was a snake on\nthe other side which they concluded was the one who had been a man. A\nturquoise hoop was rolled toward him and it jumped over his neck. From\nthe neck up he took on the appearance of a man. A hoop of _bacin\u03f5_ was\nnext rolled and it fell to the waist. Next a loop of _tc\u03f5\u0142tc\u03f5\u03f5_ was\nrolled which jumped on the man and fell to the hips, above which he\ntook the form of a man. Finally a hoop of _yo\u0142gai_ was rolled, and his\nentire body became human. Then they took him by the hand and led him\nback. They danced for him twelve nights and he was restored as a man.\nDuring the twelve nights, no one was allowed to sleep, but someone did\nfall asleep. The one who had turned into a snake began to sing, \u201cI am\ngoing up. I am going up where the sky comes together,\u201d he said as he\nsang. He was no longer seen where he had been standing. The man had a\nsister who began to sing. \u201cTruly, I am going where it is called,\nmesquites-come-together.\u201d She was no longer where she had been\nstanding.\n\nShe is the one who crawls around here in the summertime. The female\nlives below; the male lives above.[66]\n\nIt was here the Indians secured the supernatural power. Naiyenezgani\nalone had the _najonc_ poles. He alone played with them. There were two\nof the poles.\n\nMy yucca fruits lie this way.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 62:\n\n  Told by the father of Frank Crockett in February, 1910. This is the\n  myth upon which the ceremony for curing one bitten by a snake rests.\n  For the San Carlos version see p. 64 above.\n\nFootnote 63:\n\n  A valley on Cedar Creek in the White Mountain country.\n\nFootnote 64:\n\n  This knowledge of geography by a bird-old-man is found in a San Carlos\n  story, p. 21.\n\nFootnote 65:\n\n  The deities and materials have definite associations with the\n  world-quarters. There are certain variations in this association.\n\nFootnote 66:\n\n  This refers to rattlesnakes under the mesquite bushes where they are\n  said to be frequently encountered. The male above is probably the\n  lightning which from this narrative appears connected with the\n  porcupine.\n\n\n\n\n             THE HUNTER WHO SECURED THE BEAR CEREMONY.[67]\n\n\nA man was out hunting when there was snow on the ground. As he walked\nalong a hillside he slipped and fell off. Below was a bear's den and he\nfell right into it. When the female bear discovered him she jumped\naround and said, \u201cWau, wau, wau, wau.\u201d \u201cPlease do not act like that,\ngrandmother,\u201d he said. \u201cIt seems I fell in here.\u201d He remained there four\ndays without anything to eat. \u201cAre you not hungry?\u201d the bear asked. \u201cI\nam hungry,\u201d he replied, \u201cbut what is there I can eat?\u201d She shook herself\nand cactus fruit rained down from her. After a second period of fasting,\nthe same question was asked and the same reply given. When the bear\nshook herself, juniper berries fell. The third time it was white oak\nacorns, and the fourth time, manzanita berries.\n\nAfter that she said there were two persons living across the valley and\nthat they would go there to visit. She also said the visit would be\ndangerous, for she had in mind bears and a bear's camp. The bear told\nthe man to remain between her hind legs during the period of danger.\n\nWhen they entered the bear's house and the hosts became aware of the\nman's presence, they became aroused and growled, \u201cWau, wau, wau.\u201d The\nman remained between the hind legs of his companion who reached around\nwith her front legs and defended him. \u201cHe has been with me a long time\nand he is our friend,\u201d she said to the others.\n\nNext they all went to a camp where there were three bears and there\nagain the same things happened and the same expressions were used. From\nthere they went with him to a camp where there were four bears. He was\nprotected at that camp as on the former occasions and was introduced as\na friend.\n\nAccompanied by the bears, he went back to the camp at which he had first\narrived. He had been gone a year. He came back to his own people. From\nthis man there came to be bear songs and medicinemen with bear power.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 67:\n\n  Told by the father of Frank Crockett in February, 1910.\n\n\n\n\n                         THE CANNIBAL OWL.[68]\n\n\nOwl was a person. He lived by eating people, carrying off the small\nchildren in a large burden basket. He had a wife to whom he brought\nthem, saying to her, \u201cBoil them.\u201d When they were cooked he ate them.\n\nThere were some people who were living in a large house made of white\ncactus. Owl poked a pole in after them. The people inside held on to the\npole. Owl pulled on it and the people held to it. They let go suddenly\nand Owl fell over backwards. He took two children on his back and\ncarried them away toward the camp. He put the basket down with the\nchildren in it and went some distance away to urinate. While he was\ngone, the children put a large stone in the basket and defiled it. Owl\nstarted away again with his load, but when he passed under the limb of a\ntree the children caught hold of it. They turned into downy feathers and\nwere blown away by the wind. \u201cBoys, downy feathers are being blown about\nover there,\u201d he said. They had been persons, but now they were downy\nfeathers. Owl brought his load to the house for his wife. She took a\nknife and tried to cut across the stone with it. \u201cIt is a stone,\u201d she\nsaid. He took it to his son-in-law. \u201cIt is a stone with manure on it,\u201d\nhe said. \u201cThat is its gall,\u201d he replied. Owl went back to his wife. (The\nstory was interrupted at this point.)\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 68:\n\n  Told by the father of Frank Crockett, February, 1910.\n\n\n\n\n                       THE DOINGS OF COYOTE.[69]\n\n\nLong ago, Coyote was told that the people were dying. He tied together a\nhairbrush, a wooden skin-dresser, and a stone pestle, and threw them in\nthe water. \u201cIf these float let them come back to life,\u201d he said. They\nsank and, therefore, the dead did not come back.[70]\n\nSnow fell. It rained down in the form of flour. This same Coyote said,\n\u201cI chewed ice,\u201d and it became ice.\n\nAlso the horns of deer were tallow. Coyote again said, \u201cI chew bones.\u201d\n\nCoyote became ill. He had a handsome daughter. When he became ill, he\ntold his wife to throw him away. He said their daughter was to be given\nto a man with a panther-skin quiver on his back who would come to play\n_najonc_. This man, he said, would also have a prairie-dog in his hand.\n\nWhen Coyote was dead his wife gave the daughter to the man described by\nCoyote and he married her. It was Coyote himself, who married his own\ndaughter. He had her hunt his lice. On the back of his head was a large\nwart. He told her that the lice always stay on this side, indicating a\nportion of his head remote from the wart. While she was looking for his\nlice, her husband fell asleep. Wondering why he always spoke as he did,\nshe looked on the back of his head. There was a wart there. She slipped\nhis head off her lap while he was asleep and going to her mother told\nher that the man was her father; that he had a wart on the back of his\nhead. She picked up a large stone and was about to strike him on the\ncrown of his head when he saw her shadow. He jumped, ran out, and\ntrotted off toward the east. Whenever he came where there were camps\npeople reviled him as the man who had his own daughter for his wife.\nThey heard him saying \u201cci, ci, ci.\u201d They referred to him as the scabby\none and hit him. He cried \u201cwai\u201d and turned from human form into a\ncoyote.\n\nCoyote was driving some mules. He smothered five of the mules. He\nwondered what smothered them. \u201cHurry,\u201d he said, \u201cskin their throats.\nThis place will be called Coyote Springs,\u201d he said.\n\nWhen coyotes were people they all drank whiskey and ran about everywhere\nshouting. When they became coyotes, they barked.\n\n-----\n\nFootnote 69:\n\n  Told by the father of Frank Crockett.\n\nFootnote 70:\n\n  This incident is generally known over western North America. Professor\n  Boas has discussed its distribution.\n\n\n\n\n                             BIBLIOGRAPHY.\n\n\n FRANCISCAN FATHERS, THE.         An\n                                    Ethnologic Dictionary of the Navaho\n                                    Language. St. Michaels, Arizona,\n                                    1910.\n\n GODDARD, PLINY EARLE,            (a)\n                                    Jicarilla Apache Texts\n                                    (Anthropological Papers, American\n                                    Museum of Natural History, vol.\n                                    VIII. New York, 1911.)\n\n                                  (b)\n                                    The Beaver Indians (Anthropological\n                                    Papers, American Museum of Natural\n                                    History, vol. X, part IV. New York,\n                                    1916.)\n\n KROEBER, A. L.                   Gros\n                                    Ventre Myths and Tales\n                                    (Anthropological Papers, American\n                                    Museum of Natural History, vol. I,\n                                    part III. New York, 1907.)\n\n MATTHEWS, WASHINGTON.            Navaho\n                                    Legends (Memoirs, American Folk-Lore\n                                    Society, vol. V. New York, 1897.)\n\n RUSSELL, FRANK.                  Myths\n                                    of the Jicarilla Apache (Journal of\n                                    American Folk-Lore, vol. XI, 1898.)\n\n VOTH, H. R.                      The\n                                    Traditions of the Hopi (Publication\n                                    96, Anthropological Series, Field\n                                    Columbian Museum, vol. VIII.\n                                    Chicago, 1905.)\n\n WISSLER, CLARK, AND DUVALL, D. C. Blackfoot\n                                    Mythology (Anthropological Papers,\n                                    American Museum of Natural History,\n                                    vol. II, part I. New York, 1908.)\n\n\n\n\n                          TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES\n\n\n 1. Silently corrected typographical errors.\n 2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.\n 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.","title":"Myths and Tales from the White Mountain Apache: Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History Vol. XXIV, Part II","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":24189}