{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_5424/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_5424","id":"gutenberg_5424","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5424","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Language & Communication","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Category: Teaching & Education","Language Education","Old Norse language -- Grammar","Old Norse language -- Readers"],"text":"AN ICELANDIC PRIMER\n\nWith Grammar, Notes, and Glossary\n\nBy Henry Sweet, M.A.\n\nSECOND EDITION\n\n1895\n\n\n\nPREFACE\n\nThe want of a short and easy introduction to the study of\nIcelandic has been felt for a long time--in fact, from the very\nbeginning of that study in England.  The _Icelandic Reader_,\nedited by Messrs.  Vigfusson and Powell, in the Clarendon Press\nSeries, is a most valuable book, which ought to be in the hands\nof every student; but it still leaves room for an elementary\nprimer.  As the engagements of the editors of the Reader would\nhave made it impossible for them to undertake such a work for\nsome years to come, they raised no objections to my proposal to\nundertake it myself.  Meanwhile, I found the task was a more\nformidable one than I had anticipated, and accordingly, before\ndefinitely committing myself to it, I made one final attempt to\ninduce Messrs.  Vigfusson and Powell to take it off my hands; but\nthey very kindly encouraged me to proceed with it; and as I\nmyself thought that an Icelandic primer, on the lines of my\nAnglo-Saxon one, might perhaps be the means of inducing some\nstudents of Old English to take up Icelandic as well, I\ndetermined to go on.\n\nIn the spelling I have not thought it necessary to adhere\nstrictly to that adopted in the Reader, for the editors have\nthemselves deviated from it in their _Corpus Poeticum Boreale_,\nin the way of separating _\u01eb_ from _\u00f6_, etc.  My own principle has\nbeen to deviate as little as possible from the traditional\nspelling followed in normalized texts.  There is, indeed, no\npractical gain for the beginner in writing _t\u012bme_ for _t\u012bmi_,\ndiscarding _\u00f0_, etc., although these changes certainly bring us\nnearer the oldest MSS., and cannot be dispensed with in\nscientific works.  The essential thing for the beginner is to\nhave _regular_ forms presented to him, to the exclusion, as far\nas possible, of isolated archaisms, and to have the defective\ndistinctions of the MSS. supplemented by diacritics.  I have not\nhesitated to substitute (\u00af) for (\u00b4) as the mark of length; the\nlatter ought in my opinion to be used exclusively--in Icelandic\nas well as in Old English and Old Irish--to represent the actual\naccents of the MSS.\n\nIn the grammar I have to acknowledge my great obligations to\nNoreen's _Altisl\u00e4ndische Grammatik_, which is by far the best\nIcelandic grammar that has yet appeared--at least from that\nnarrow point of view which ignores syntax, and concentrates\nitself on phonology and inflections.\n\nThe texts are intended to be as easy, interesting, and\nrepresentative as possible.  With such a language, and such a\nmaster of it as Snorri to choose from, this combination is not\ndifficult to realise.  The beginner is indeed to be envied who\nmakes his first acquaintance with the splendid mythological tales\nof the North, told in an absolutely perfect style.  As the death\nof Olaf Tryggvason is given in the Reader only from the longer\nrecension of the Heimskringla, I have been able to give the\nshorter text, which is admirably suited for the purposes of this\nbook.  The story of Au\u00f0un is not only a beautiful one in itself,\nbut, together with the preceding piece, gives a vivid idea of the\nNorse ideal of the kingly character, which was the foundation of\ntheir whole political system.  As the Reader does not include\npoetry (except incidentally), I have added one of the finest of\nthe Eddaic poems, which is at the same time freest from obscurity\nand corruption--the song of Thor's quest of his hammer.\n\nIn the glossary I have ventured to deviate from the very\ninconvenient Scandinavian arrangement, which puts _\u00fe_, _\u00e6_, _\u0153_,\nright at the end of the alphabet.\n\nI have to acknowledge the great help I have had in preparing the\ntexts and the glossary from Wimmer's _Oldnordisk L\u00e6sebog_, which\nI consider to be, on the whole, the best reading-book that exists\nin any language.  So excellent is Wimmer's selection of texts,\nthat it was impossible for me to do otherwise than follow him in\nnearly every case.\n\nIn conclusion, it is almost superfluous to say that this book\nmakes no pretension to originality of any kind.  If it\ncontributes towards restoring to Englishmen that precious\nheritage--the old language and literature of Iceland--which our\nmiserably narrow scheme of education has hitherto defrauded them\nof, it will have fulfilled its purpose.\n\nHENRY SWEET\nLondon,\nFebruary, 1886\n\n\n\nGRAMMAR\n\n1. This book deals with Old Icelandic in its classical period,\nbetween 1200 and 1350.\n\n\nPRONUNCIATION\n\n2. The Icelandic alphabet was founded on the Latin, with the\naddition of _\u00fe_ and _\u00f0_, and of the modified letters _\u0119_, _\u01eb_,\n_\u00f8_, which last is in this book written _\u00f6_, _\u01eb\u0308_.\n\nVowels\n\n3. The vowel-letters had nearly the same values as in Old\nEnglish.  Long vowels were often marked by (\u00b4).  In this book\nlong vowels are regularly marked by (\u00af)[1].  The following are\nthe elementary vowels and diphthongs, with examples, and\nkey-words from English, French (F.), and German (G.):--\n\n[Footnote 1: Note that the longs of _\u0119_, _\u00f6_ are written _\u00e6_,\n_\u0153_, respectively.]\n\n            a  _as in_  mann (G.)   halda (_hold_)\n            \u0101     \"     father      r\u0101\u00f0 (_advice_)\n            e     \"     \u00e9t\u00e9 (F.)    gekk (_went_)\n            \u0113[2]        . . .       l\u0113t (let _pret._)\n            \u0119     \"     men         m\u0119nn (_men_)\n\n[Footnote 2: Where no keyword is given for a long vowel, its\nsound is that of the corresponding short vowel lengthened.]\n\n            \u00e6  _as in_  there       s\u00e6r (_sea_)\n            i     \"     fini (F.)   mikill (_great_)\n            \u012b           . . .       l\u012btill (_little_)\n            o     \"     beau (F.)   or\u00f0 (_word_)\n            \u014d           . . .       t\u014dk (_look_)\n            \u01eb     \"     not         h\u01ebnd (_hand_)\n            \u00f6     \"     peu (F.)    k\u00f6mr (_comes_)\n            \u0153           . . .       f\u0153ra (_bring_)\n            \u01eb\u0308     \"     peur (F.)   g\u01eb\u0308ra (_make_)\n            u     \"     sou (F.)    upp (_up_)\n            \u016b           . . .       h\u016bs (_house_)\n            y     \"     tu (F.)     systir (_sister_)\n            \u0233           . . .       l\u0233sa (_shine_)\n            au    \"     haus (G.)   lauss (_loose_)\n            ei    =     \u0119 + i       bein (_bone_)\n            ey    =     \u0119 + y       leysa (_loosen_)\n\n4. The unaccented _i_ in _systir_, etc. (which is generally\nwritten _e_ in the MSS.) probably had the sound of _y_ in _pity_,\nwhich is really between _i_ and _e_.  The unacc. _u_ in _f\u014dru_\n(they went), etc. (which is generally written _o_ in the MSS.)\nprobably had the sound of _oo_ in _good_.\n\nNote that several of the vowels go in pairs of _close_ and\n_open_, thus:\n\n                    close : e \u0113 o \u014d \u00f6 \u0153\n                    open  : \u0119 \u00e6 \u01eb - \u01eb\u0308 -\n\nConsonants\n\n5. Double consonants followed by a vowel must be pronounced\nreally double, as in Italian.  Thus the _kk_ in _drekka_ (to\ndrink) must be pronounced like the _kc_ in _bookcase_, while the\n_k_ in _dr\u0119ki_ (dragon) is single, as in _booking_.  When final\n(or followed by another cons.) double conss. are pronounced long,\nas in _munn_ (mouth _acc._), _hamarr_ (hammer _nom._), _steinn_\n(stone _nom._), distinguished from _mun_ (will _vb._), and the\naccusatives _hamar_, _stein_.\n\n6. _k_ and _g_ had a more front (palatal) sound before the front\nvowels _e_, _\u0119_, _i_, _\u00f6_, _\u01eb\u0308_, _y_, and their longs, as also\nbefore _j_, as in _k\u0119nna_ (known), _keyra_ (drive), _g\u01eb\u0308ra_\n(make), _liggja_ (lie).\n\n7. _kkj_, _ggj_ were probably pronounced simply as double front\n_kk_, _gg_, the _j_ not being pronounced separately.\n\n8. *f* had initially the sound of our _f_, medially and finally\nthat of _v_, as in _gefa_ (give), _gaf_ (gave), except of course\nin such combinations as _ft_, where it had the sound of _f_.\n\n9. *g* was a stopped (back or front--guttural or palatal) cons.\ninitially and in the combination _ng_, the two _g_'s in _ganga_\n(go) being pronounced as in _go_.  It had the open sound of G.\n_g_ in _sagen_ medially before the back vowels _a_, _o_, _\u01eb_,\n_u_, and all conss. except _j_, and finally:--_saga_ (tale),\n_d\u01ebgum_ (with days); _sag\u00f0i_ (he said); _lag_ (he lay).  Before\nthe front vowels and _j_ it had the sound of G. _g_ in _liegen_,\nor nearly that of _j_ (our _y_), as in _s\u0119gir_ (says), _s\u0119gja_\n(to say).\n\n10. Before voiceless conss. (_t_, _s_) _g_ seems to have been\npronounced _k_, as in _sagt_ (said), _dags_ (day's).\n\n11. The _g_ was always sounded in the combination _ng_,\nas in _single_, not as in _singer_.\n\n12. *h* was sounded before _j_ in such words as _hjarta_ (heart)\nmuch as in E. _hue_ (= hj\u016b).  _hl_, _hn_, _hr_, _hv_ probably\nrepresented voiceless _l_, _n_, _r_, _w_ respectively, _hv_\nbeing identical with E. _wh_: _hlaupa_ (leap), _hn\u012bga_ (bend),\n_hringr_ (ring), _hvat_ (what).\n\n13. *j* is not distinguished from _i_ in the MSS.  It had the\nsound of E. _y_ in _young_: _j\u01ebr\u00f0_ (earth), _s\u0119tja_ (to set).\n\n14. *p* in _pt_ probably had the sound of _f_: _lopt_ (air).\n\n15. *r* was always a strong point trill, as in Scotch.\n\n16. *s* was always sharp.\n\n17. *v* (which was sometimes written _u_ and _w_) had the sound\nof E. _w_: _vel_ (well), _h\u01ebggva_ (hew).\n\n18. *z* had the sound of _ts_: _b\u0119ztr_ (best).\n\n19. *\u00fe* and *\u00f0* were used promiscuously in the older MS., the\nvery oldest using _\u00fe_ almost exclusively.  In Modern Icelandic\n_\u00fe_ is written initially to express the sound of E. hard _th_,\n_\u00f0_ medially and finally to express that of soft _th_; as there\ncan be no doubt that this usage corresponds with the old\npronunciation, it is retained in this book: _\u00feing_ (parliament),\n_fa\u00f0ir_ (father), _vi\u00f0_ (against). In such combinations as _p\u00f0_\nthe _\u00f0_ must of course be pronounced _\u00fe_.\n\nStress\n\n20. The stress (accent) is always on the first syllable.\n\n\nPHONOLOGY\n\nVowels\n\n21. The vowels are related to one another in different ways, the\nmost important of which are _mutation_ (umlaut), _fracture_\n(brechung), and _gradation_ (ablaut).\n\nMutation\n\n22. The following changes are *i*-mutations (caused by an older\n_i_ or _j_ following, which has generally been dropped)[3]:\n\n[Footnote 3: Many of the _i_'s which appear in derivative and\ninflectional syllables are late weakenings of _a_ and other\nvowels, as in _bani_ (death) = Old English _bana_; these do not\ncause mutation.]\n\n*a* (*\u01eb*) ... *\u0119* :-- _mann_ (man _acc._), _m\u0119nn_ (men); _h\u01ebnd_\n(hand), _h\u0119ndr_ (hands).\n\n*\u0101* ... *\u00e6* :-- _m\u0101l_ (speech), _m\u00e6la_ (speak).\n\n*e* (*ja*, *j\u01eb*) ... *i* :-- _ver\u00f0r_ (worth), _vir\u00f0a_ (estimate).\n\n*u* (*o*) ... *y* :-- _fullr_ (full), _fylla_ (to fill); _lopt_\n(air), _lypta_ (lift).\n\n*\u016b* ... *\u0233* :-- _br\u016bn_ (eyebrow), pl. _br\u0233nn_.\n\n*o* ... *\u00f6* :-- _koma_ (to come), _k\u00f6mr_ (comes).\n\n*\u014d* ... *\u0153* :-- _f\u014dr_ (went), _f\u0153ra_ (bring).\n\n*au* ... *ey* :-- _lauss_ (loose), _leysa_ (loosen).\n\n*j\u016b* (*j\u014d*) ... *\u0233* :-- _sj\u016bkr_ (sick), _s\u0233ki_ (sickness);\n_lj\u014dsta_ (strike), _l\u0233str_ (strikes).\n\n23. The change of _a_ into _\u0119_ is sometimes the result of a\nfollowing _k_, _g_, or _ng_, as in _d\u0119gi_ dat. sg. of _dagr_\n(day), _t\u0119kinn_ (taken), _g\u0119nginn_ (gone), inf. _taka_, _ganga_.\n_i_ appears instead of _e_, and _u_ instead of _o_ before a nasal\nfollowed by another cons.: cp. _binda_ (to bind), _bundinn_\n(bound) with _bresta_ (burst) ptc. prt. _brostinn_.\n\n24. There is also a *u*-mutation, caused by a following _u_,\nwhich has often been dropped:\n\n*a* ... *\u01eb* :-- _dagr_ (day) dat. pl. _d\u01ebgum_; _land_ (land) pl.\n_l\u01ebnd_.\n\n25. Unaccented _\u01eb_ becomes _u_, as in _sumur_ pl. of _sumar_\n(summer), _k\u01ebllu\u00f0u_ (they called), infin. _kalla_.\n\nFracture\n\n26. The only vowel that is affected by fracture is _e_: when\nfollowed by original _a_ it becomes _ja_, when followed by\noriginal _u_ it becomes _j\u01eb_, as in _jar\u00f0ar_ gen. of _j\u01ebr\u00f0_\n(earth)[4].  When followed by original _i_, the _e_ is, of\ncourse, mutated to _i_, as in _skildir_ plur. nom. of _skj\u01ebldr_\n(shield), gen. _skjaldar_.\n\n[Footnote 4: Cp. German _erde_.]\n\nGradation\n\n27. By gradation the vowels are related as follows:--\n\n*a* ... *\u014d* :-- _fara_ (go) pret. _f\u014dr_, whence by mut. _f\u0153ra_\n(bring).\n\n*e* (i, ja) ... *a* ... *u* (o) :-- _bresta_ (burst), prt.\n_brast_, prt. pl. _brustu_, ptc. prt. _brostinn_; _finna_ (find),\n_fundinn_ (found _ptc._), _fundr_ (meeting).\n\n*e* ... *a* ... *\u0101* ... *o* :-- _stela_ (steal), prt. _stal_,\nprt. pl. _st\u0101lu_, ptc. prt. _stolinn_.\n\n*e* ... *a* ... *\u0101* ... *e* :-- _gefa_ (give), _gaf_ (he gave),\n_g\u0101fu_ (they gave), _gefinn_ (given), _gj\u01ebf_ (gift), _u_-fracture\nof _gef-_, _g\u00e6fa_ (luck) mut. of _g\u0101f-_.\n\n*\u012b* ... *ei* ... *i* :-- _sk\u012bna_ (shine), _skein_ (he shone),\n_skinu_ (they shone).  _s\u014dl-skin_ (sunshine).\n\n*j\u016b* (j\u014d) ... *au* ... *u* ... *o* :-- _lj\u016bga_ (tell a lie), prt.\n_laug_, prt. pl. _lugu_, ptc. prt. _loginn_.  _lygi_ (lie _sbst._)\nmut. of _lug-_.  _skj\u014dta_ (shoot), _skj\u014dtr_ (swift), _skotinn_\n(shot _ptc._), _skot_ (shot _subst._).\n\nOther changes\n\n28. All final vowels are long in accented syllables: _\u00fe\u0101_ (then),\n_n\u016b_ (now).\n\n29. Inflectional and derivative vowels are often dropt after long\naccented vowels: cp. _ganga_ (to go) with _f\u0101_ (to get), the dat.\nplurals _knj\u0101m_ (knees) with _h\u016bsum_ (houses).\n\n30. Vowels are often lengthened before _l_ + cons.: _h\u0101lfr_ (half\n_adj._), _f\u014dlk_ (people); cp. _f\u014dlginn_ (hidden) with _brostinn_\n(burst _ptc._).\n\nConsonants\n\n31. _v_ is dropped before _o_ and _u_: _vaxa_ (to grow), prt.\n_\u014dx_, _vinna_ (to win), _unninn_ (won _ptc._), _svelta_ (to\nstarve), _soltinn_ (starved, hungry).\n\nFinal _r_ is often assimilated to a preceding cons.\n\n32. _*-lr_, _*-nr_, _*-sr_ always become _-ll_, _-nn_, _-ss_\nafter a long vowel or diphthong, as in _st\u014dll_ (chair _nom._),\nacc. _st\u014dl_, _steinn_ (stone _nom._), acc. _stein_, _v\u012bss_ (wise\n_masc. nom. sg._), _v\u012bs_ fem. nom. sg., and in unacc. syllables,\nas in the masc. sg. nominatives _mikill_ (great), fem. _mikil_,\n_borinn_ (carried), fem.  _borin_, _\u0233miss_ (various) fem. _\u0233mis_.\n\n33. Words in which _l_, _n_, _r_, _s_ are preceded by a cons.\ndrop the _r_ entirely, as in the masc. nominatives _jarl_ (earl),\n_hrafn_ (raven), _vitr_ (wise), _\u00feurs_ (giant), _lax_ (salmon).\n\n34. If _l_ and _n_ are preceded by a short accented vowel, the\n_r_ is generally kept, as in _stelr_ (steals), _vinr_, (friend),\n_sr_ becoming _ss_, as elsewhere.\n\n35. _r_ is kept after _ll_, and generally after _nn_, as in the\nmasc. nom. _allr_ (all), and in _br\u0119nnr_ (burns).\n\n36. _z_ often stands for _\u00f0s_ as well as _ts_, as in _\u00fe\u0113r\n\u00feykkizk_ (ye seem) = _*\u00feykki\u00f0-sk_, _Vest-firzkr_ (belonging to\nthe West Firths) = _-*fir\u00f0skr_ (_f\u01ebr\u00f0r_, firth).\n\n37. Inflectional _t_ is generally doubled after a long accented\nvowel: _f\u0101r_ (few) neut. _f\u0101tt_ (cp. _allr_ 'all,' neut. _allt_),\n_s\u0101_ (I saw), _s\u0101tt_ 'thou sawest.'\n\n\nINFLECTIONS\n\nNouns\n\n38. *Gender*.  There are three genders in Icelandic--masculine,\nfeminine, and neuter.  The gender is partly natural, partly\ngrammatical, generally agreeing with the gender in Old English.\nCompound words follow the gender of their last element.\n\n39. *Strong and Weak*.  All weak nouns end in a vowel in the nom.\nsg. and in most of the other cases as well.  Most strong nouns\nend in a cons. in the nom. sg.\n\n40. *Cases*.  There are four cases--nominative, accusative,\ndative, genitive.  All nouns (except a few contractions) have the\ngen. pl. in _-a_ (_fiska_, of fishes), and the dat. pl. in _-um_\n(_fiskum_).  All strong masculines (_fiskr_) and some strong\nfeminines (_br\u016b\u00f0r_, bride) take _r_[5] in the nom. sg.  Most strong\nfeminines show the bare root in the nom. sg. with _u_-mutation,\nif possible (_\u0101st_, favour, _f\u01ebr_, journey).  The nom. pl. of all\nstrong masc. and fem. nouns ends in _r_ (_fiskar_, _\u0101stir_).  The\nacc. pl. of fem. nouns is the same as the nom. pl. (_\u0101stir_).\nThe acc. pl. of masc. strong nouns always ends in a vowel\n(_fiska_).  The plur. nom. and acc. of neuters is the same as the\nsing. nom. and acc., except that in the plur. nom. and acc. they\ntake _u_-mutation, if possible (_h\u016bs_, houses, _l\u01ebnd_, lands).\n\n[Footnote 5: Subject, of course, to the assimilations described\nabove.]\n\n41. The declensions are most conveniently distinguished by the\nacc. plur.\n\n                     Strong Masculines\n\n                       (1) a-plurals\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  fisk-r (_fish_)          fisk-ar\n      _Acc._  fisk                     fisk-a\n      _Dat._  fisk-i                   fisk-um\n      _Gen._  fisk-s                   fisk-a\n\n42. So also _heimr_ (home, world); _konungr_ (king); _\u00de\u014drr_\n(Thor), acc. _\u00de\u014dr_, gen. _\u00de\u014drs_; _steinn_ (stone), acc. _stein_,\ngen. _steins_, pl. nom. _steinar_; _hrafn_ (raven), acc.\n_hrafn_, pl. nom. _hrafnar_; _\u00feurs_ (giant), acc. gen. _\u00feurs_,\npl. nom. _\u00feursar_.\n\n43. Dissyllables in _-r_, _-l_, _-n_ generally throw out the\npreceding vowel before a vowel-inflection: _hamarr_ (hammer),\ndat. _hamri_; _j\u01ebtunn_ (giant), pl. nom. _j\u01ebtnar_.  _k\u0119till_\n(kettle) and _lykill_ (key) show unmutated vowels in the\ncontracted forms, as in the acc. plur. _katla_, _lukla_.\n\n44. Some nouns of this decl. take _-ar_ in the gen. sing.,\nespecially proper names, such as _H\u0101kon_, gen. _H\u0101konar_.\n\n45. Some nouns add _v_ before vowels: _s\u00e6r_ (sea), gen.\n_s\u00e6var_.\n\n46. The dat. sometimes drops the _i_: _s\u00e6_ (sea), _\u00de\u014dr_.  _dagr_\n(day) mutates its vowel in the dat. _d\u0119gi_.\n\n47. Nouns in _-ir_ keep the _i_ in the sing., and drop it in the\nplur.:\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  h\u0119lli-r (_cave_)         h\u0119ll-ar\n      _Acc._  h\u0119lli                    h\u0119ll-a\n      _Dat._  h\u0119lli                    h\u0119ll-um\n      _Gen._  h\u0119lli-s                  h\u0119ll-a\n\n48. So also a number of proper names, such as _Skr\u0233mir_, _\u00de\u014drir_.\n\n                        (2) i-plurals\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  sta\u00f0-r (_place_)         sta\u00f0-ir\n      _Acc._  sta\u00f0                     sta\u00f0-i\n      _Dat._  sta\u00f0                     st\u01eb\u00f0-um\n      _Gen._  sta\u00f0-ar                  sta\u00f0-a\n\n49. So also _gripr_ (precious thing), _salr_ (hall).\n\n50. _g\u0119str_ (guest) takes _-i_ in the dat. sg., and _-s_ in the\ngen. sg.\n\n51. Those ending in _g_ or _k_ (together with some others) insert\n_j_ before _a_ and _u_: _b\u0119kkr_ (bench), _b\u0119kk_, _b\u0119kk_,\n_b\u0119kkjar_; _b\u0119kkir_, _b\u0119kki_, _b\u0119kkjum_, _b\u0119kkja_.  So also\n_m\u0119rgr_ (marrow), _str\u0119ngr_ (string).\n\n                        (3) u-plurals\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  skj\u01ebld-r (_shield_)      skild-ir\n      _Acc._  skj\u01ebld                   skj\u01ebld-u\n      _Dat._  skild-i                  skj\u01ebld-um\n      _Gen._  skjald-ar                skjald-a\n\n52. So also _v\u01ebndr_ (twig), _v\u01ebllr_ (plain), _vi\u00f0r_ (wood).\n_\u0101ss_ (god) has plur. nom. _\u00e6sir_, acc. _\u0101su_.  _sonr_ (son) has\ndat. sg. _syni_, plur. nom. _synir_.  It regularly drops its _r_\nof the nom. in such compounds as _Tryggva-son_ (son of Tryggvi).\n\n                        (4) r-plurals\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  f\u014dt-r (_foot_)           f\u0153t-r\n      _Acc._  f\u014dt                      f\u0153t-r\n      _Dat._  f\u0153t-i                    f\u014dt-um\n      _Gen._  f\u014dt-ar                   f\u014dt-a\n\n53. So also _fingr_ (finger), gen. _fingrar_, pl. _fingr_; _vetr_\n(winter), pl. _vetr_.  _ma\u00f0r_ (man) is irregular: _ma\u00f0r_, _mann_,\n_manni_, _manns_; _m\u0119nn_, _m\u0119nn_, _m\u01ebnnum_, _manna_.\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  fa\u00f0ir (_father_)         f\u0119\u00f0r\n      _Acc._  f\u01eb\u00f0ur                    f\u0119\u00f0r\n      _Dat._  f\u01eb\u00f0ur                    f\u0119\u00f0rum\n      _Gen._  f\u01eb\u00f0ur                    f\u0119\u00f0ra\n\n54. So also _br\u014d\u00f0ir_ (brother), pl. _br\u0153\u00f0r_.\n\n55. Pres. participles used as nouns follow this decl. in the pl.,\nfollowing the weak class in the sg.:\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  b\u014dndi (_yeoman_)         b\u0153ndr\n      _Acc._  b\u014dnda                    b\u0153ndr\n      _Dat._  b\u014dnda                    b\u014dndum\n      _Gen._  b\u014dnda                    b\u014dnda\n\n56. So also _fr\u0153ndi_ (kinsman), pl. _fr\u0153ndr_.\n\n                       Strong Neuters\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  skip (_ship_)            skip\n      _Acc._  skip                     skip\n      _Dat._  skip-i                   skip-um\n      _Gen._  skip-s                   skip-a\n\n57. So also _or\u00f0_ (word), _land_ (land) pl. _l\u01ebnd_, _sumar_\n(summer) pl. _sumur_ (\u00a7 25).\n\n58. _m\u0119n_ (necklace), _kyn_ (race), _grey_ (dog) insert _j_\nbefore _a_ and _u_: _greyjum_.  _h\u01ebgg_ (stroke) inserts _v_\nbefore a vowel: _h\u01ebggvi_.  _kn\u0113_ (knee), _kn\u0113_, _kn\u0113_, _kn\u0113s_;\n_kn\u0113_, _kn\u0113_, _kj\u0101m_, _knj\u0101_.  So also _tr\u0113_ (tree).\n\n59. _f\u0113_ (money) is contracted: gen. _fj\u0101r_, dat. _f\u0113_.\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  kv\u00e6\u00f0i (_poem_)           kv\u00e6\u00f0i\n      _Acc._  kv\u00e6\u00f0i                    kv\u00e6\u00f0i\n      _Dat._  kv\u00e6\u00f0i                    kv\u00e6\u00f0um\n      _Gen._  kv\u00e6\u00f0i-s                  kv\u00e6\u00f0a\n\n60. So also _kl\u00e6\u00f0i_ (cloth).  Those in _k_ insert _j_ before _a_\nand _u_: _m\u0119rki_ (mark), _m\u0119rkjum_, _m\u0119rkja_.  So also _r\u012bki_\n(sovereignty).\n\n                      Strong Feminines\n\n                       (1) ar-plurals\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  gj\u01ebf (_gift_)            gjaf-ar\n      _Acc._  gj\u01ebf                     gjaf-ar\n      _Dat._  gj\u01ebf                     gj\u01ebf-um\n      _Gen._  gjaf-ar                  gjaf-a\n\n61. So also _m\u01ebn_ (mane), _gj\u01ebr\u00f0_ (girdle), _\u0101r_ (oar).\n\n62. _\u0101_ (river) contracts: _\u0101_, _\u0101_, _\u0101_, _\u0101r_; _\u0101r_, _\u0101r_, _\u0101m_,\n_\u0101_.\n\n63. Many take _-u_ in the dat. sg.: _k\u0119rling_ (old woman),\n_k\u0119rling_, _k\u0119rlingu_, _k\u0119rlingar_; _k\u0119rlingar_, _k\u0119rlingar_,\n_k\u0119rlingum_, _k\u0119rlinga_.  So also _laug_ (bath).\n\n64. Those with a mutated root-vowel (or _i_) insert _j_ in\ninflection: _ey_ (island), _ey_, _eyju_, _eyjar_; _eyjar_,\n_eyjar_, _eyjum_, _eyja_.  So also _Frigg_, _H\u0119l_.  _m\u00e6r_ (maid),\n_mey_, _meyju_, _meyjar_; _meyjar_, _meyjar_, _meyjum_, _meyja_.\n\n65.\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  hei\u00f0-r (_heath_)         hei\u00f0-ar\n      _Acc._  hei\u00f0-i                   hei\u00f0-ar\n      _Dat._  hei\u00f0-i                   hei\u00f0-um\n      _Gen._  hei\u00f0-ar                  hei\u00f0-a\n\n                       (2) ir-plurals\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  t\u012b\u00f0                      t\u012b\u00f0-ir\n      _Acc._  t\u012b\u00f0                      t\u012b\u00f0-ir\n      _Dat._  t\u012b\u00f0                      t\u012b\u00f0-um\n      _Gen._  t\u012b\u00f0-ar                   t\u012b\u00f0-a\n\n66. So also _sorg_ (sorrow), _skipun_ (arrangement), _h\u01ebfn_\n(harbour) pl. _hafnir_, and the majority of strong feminines.\n\n67. Many have _-u_ in the dat. sg.: _s\u014dl_ (sun), _s\u014dl_, _s\u014dlu_,\n_s\u014dlar_; _s\u014dlir_, _s\u014dlir_, _s\u014dlum_, _s\u014dla_.  So also _j\u01ebr\u00f0_\n(earth), _stund_ (period of time).\n\n68. One noun has _r_ in the nom. sg., following _hei\u00f0r_ in the\nsg.: _br\u016b\u00f0r_ (bride), _br\u016b\u00f0i_, _br\u016b\u00f0i_, _br\u016b\u00f0ar_; _br\u016b\u00f0ir_,\n_br\u016b\u00f0ir_, _br\u016b\u00f0um_, _br\u016b\u00f0a_.\n\n                       (3) r-plurals\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  b\u014dk (_book_)             b\u0153k-r\n      _Acc._  b\u014dk                      b\u0153k-r\n      _Dat._  b\u014dk                      b\u014dk-um\n      _Gen._  b\u014dk-ar                   b\u014dk-a\n\n69. So also _n\u0101tt_ (night) pl. _n\u00e6tr_, _b\u014dt_ (compensation) pl.\n_b\u0153tr_, _t\u01ebnn_ (tooth) gen. _tannar_ pl. _t\u0119nnr_.\n\n70. _h\u01ebnd_ (hand) pl. _h\u0119ndr_ has dat. sg. _h\u0119ndi_.\n\n71. _k\u0233r_ (cow) has acc. _k\u016b_, pl. _k\u0233r_.\n\n72. _br\u016bn_ (eyebrow) assimilates the _r_ of the pl.: _br\u0233nn_.\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  m\u014d\u00f0ir (_mother_)         m\u0153\u00f0r\n      _Acc._  m\u014d\u00f0ur                    m\u0153\u00f0r\n      _Dat._  m\u014d\u00f0ur                    m\u0153\u00f0rum\n      _Gen._  m\u014d\u00f0ur                    m\u0153\u00f0ra\n\n73. So also _d\u014dttir_ (daughter) pl. _d\u0153tr_; _systir_ (sister) pl.\n_systr_.\n\n                      Weak Masculines\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  bog-i (_bow_)            bog-ar\n      _Acc._  bog-a                    bog-a\n      _Dat._  bog-a                    bog-um\n      _Gen._  bog-a                    bog-a\n\n74. So also _m\u0101ni_ (moon), _f\u0113lagi_ (companion).\n\n75. _h\u01ebf\u00f0ingi_ (chief) and some others insert _j_ in inflection:\n_h\u01ebf\u00f0ingja_, _h\u01ebf\u00f0ingjar_, _h\u01ebf\u00f0ingjum_.\n\n76. _l\u0113_ (scythe) is contracted; its gen. sg. is _lj\u0101_.\n\n77. _oxi_ (ox) has pl. _\u00f6xn_.\n\n78. _herra_ (lord) is indeclinable in the sg.\n\n                        Weak Neuters\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  hjart-a (_heart_)        hj\u01ebrt-u\n      _Acc._  hjart-a                  hj\u01ebrt-u\n      _Dat._  hjart-a                  hj\u01ebrt-um\n      _Gen._  hjart-a                  hjart-na\n\n79. So also _auga_ (eye).\n\n                       Weak Feminines\n\n              SINGULAR                 PLURAL\n\n      _Nom._  tung-a (_tongue_)        tung-ur\n      _Acc._  tung-u                   tung-ur\n      _Dat._  tung-u                   tung-um\n      _Gen._  tung-u                   tung-na\n\n80. So also _stjarna_ (star) pl. _stj\u01ebrnur_, _kirkja_ (church),\ngen. plurals _stjarna_, _kirkna_.\n\n                    _Sg. Nom._   \u0119lli (_old age_)\n                        _Acc._   \u0119lli\n                        _Dat._   \u0119lli\n                        _Gen._   \u0119lli\n\n81. So also _gl\u0119\u00f0i_ (joy) and many abstract nouns.\n\n82. _lygi_ (falsehood) has pl. _lygar_; so also _g\u01eb\u0308rsimi_\n(precious thing).\n\nAdjectives\n\n83. Adjectives have three genders, and the same cases as nouns,\nthough with partly different endings, together with strong and\nweak forms.\n\n                     Strong Adjectives\n\n                 MASC.             NEUT.        FEM.\n\n   _Sg. Nom._    ung-r (_young_)   ung-t        ung\n       _Acc._    ung-an            ung-t        ung-a\n       _Dat._    ung-um            ung-u        ung-ri\n       _Gen._    ung-s             ung-s        ung-rar\n\n   _Pl. Nom._    ung-ir            ung          ung-ar\n       _Acc._    ung-a             ung          ung-ar\n       _Dat._    ung-um            ung-um       ung-um\n       _Gen._    ung-ra            ung-ra       ung-ra\n\n84. So also _fagr_ (fair), fem. _f\u01ebgr_, neut. _fagrt_.\n\n85. Some insert _j_ before _a_ and _u_: _n\u0233r_ (new), _n\u0233jum_,\n_n\u0233jan_.\n\n86. Some insert _v_ before a vowel: _h\u0101r_ (high), _h\u0101van_,\n_d\u00f6kkr_ (dark), _d\u00f6kkvir_, _kykr_ (alive), _kykvir_.\n\n87. The _t_ of the neut. is doubled after a long vowel: _n\u0233tt_,\n_h\u0101tt_.  Monosyllables in _\u00f0_, _dd_, _tt_ form their neut. in\n_-tt_: _brei\u00f0r_ (broad), _breitt_; _leiddr_ (led), _leitt_.\n_g\u014d\u00f0r_ (good) has neut. _gott_.  _sannr_ (true) has neut. _satt_.\nIn unaccented syllables or if a cons. precedes, _tt_ is shortened\nto _t_: _kalla\u00f0r_ (called), _kallat_; _blindr_ (blind), _blint_,\n_har\u00f0r_ (hard), _hart_, _fastr_ (firm), _fast_.\n\n88. _l_ and _n_ assimilate a following _r_: _gamall_ (old), fem.\n_g\u01ebmul_, fem. acc. _gamla_, dat. _gamalli_. _v\u01e3nn_ (beautiful),\ngen.  pl. _v\u00e6nna_.\n\n                 MASC.             NEUT.        FEM.\n\n   _Sg. Nom._    mikill (_great_)  mikit        mikil\n       _Acc._    mikinn            mikit        mikla\n       _Dat._    miklum            miklu        mikilli\n       _Gen._    mikils            mikils       mikillar\n\n   _Pl. Nom._    miklir            mikil        miklar\n       _Acc._    mikla             mikil        miklar\n       _Dat._    miklum            miklum       miklum\n       _Gen._    mikilla           mikilla      mikilla\n\n89. So also _l\u012btill_ (little).\n\n90. Dissyllables in _-inn_ have _-it_ in the neut., and _-inn_ in\nthe masc. sg. acc.: _t\u012bginn_ (distinguished), _t\u012bgit_, _t\u012bginn_,\npl. _t\u012bgn\u012br_.  So also _kominn_ (come).\n\n91.\n\n                 MASC.             NEUT.        FEM.\n\n   _Sg. Nom._    annarr (_other_)  annat        \u01ebnnur\n       _Acc._    annan             annat        a\u00f0ra\n       _Dat._    \u01eb\u00f0rum             \u01eb\u00f0ru         annarri\n       _Gen._    annars            annars       annarrar\n\n   _Pl. Nom._    a\u00f0rir             \u01ebnnur        a\u00f0rar\n       _Acc._    a\u00f0ra              \u01ebnnur        a\u00f0rar\n       _Dat._    \u01eb\u00f0rum             \u01eb\u00f0rum        \u01eb\u00f0rum\n       _Gen._    annarra           annarra      annarra\n\n                       Weak Adjectives\n\n                 MASC.             NEUT.        FEM.\n\n   _Sg. Nom._    ung-i             ung-a        ung-a\n       _Acc._    ung-a             ung-a        ung-u\n       _Dat._    ung-a             ung-a        ung-u\n       _Gen._    ung-a             ung-a        ung-u\n\n   _Pl. Nom._    ung-u             ung-u        ung-u\n       _Acc._    ung-u             ung-u        ung-u\n       _Dat._    ung-u             ung-u        ung-u\n       _Gen._    ung-u             ung-u        ung-u\n\n92. So also _fagri_, _h\u0101vi_, _mikli_, etc.\n\n   _Sg. Nom._    yngri (_younger_) yngra        yngri\n       _Acc._    yngra             yngra        yngri\n       _Dat._    yngra             yngra        yngri\n       _Gen._    yngra             yngra        yngri\n\n   _Pl. Nom._    yngri             yngri        yngri\n       _Acc._    yngri             yngri        yngri\n       _Dat._    yngrum            yngrum       yngrum\n       _Gen._    yngri             yngri        yngri\n\n93. So also all comparatives, such as _meiri_ (greater), and\npres. partic. when used as adjectives, such as _gefandi_\n(giving), dat. pl. _gef\u01ebndum_.\n\nComparison\n\n94. (1) with _-ari_, _-astr_: _r\u012bkr_ (powerful), _r\u012bkari_,\n_r\u012bkastr_; _g\u01ebfugr_ (distinguished), _g\u01ebfgari_, _g\u01ebfgastr_.\n\n95. (2) with _-ri_, _-str_ and mutation: _langr_ (long),\n_l\u0119ngri_, _l\u0119ngstr_; _st\u014drr_ (big), _st\u0153rri_, _st\u0153rstr_; _ungr_\n(young), _yngri_, _yngstr_.\n\n96. The following are irregular:\n\n        gamall (_old_)        \u0119llri           \u0119lztr\n        g\u014d\u00f0r (_good_)         b\u0119tri           b\u0119ztr\n        illr (_bad_)          v\u0119rri           v\u0119rstr\n        l\u012btill (_little_)     minni           minstr\n        margr (_many_)        fleiri          flestr\n        mikill (_great_)      meiri           mestr\n\nNumerals\n\n97.\n\n           CARDINAL                  ORDINAL\n\n        1. einn (_one_)              fyrstr (_first_)\n        2. tveir                     annarr\n        3. \u00fer\u012br                      \u00feri\u00f0i\n        4. fj\u014drir                    fj\u014dr\u00f0i\n        5. fimm                      fimmti\n        6. sex                       s\u0113tti\n        7. sjau                      sjaundi\n        8. \u0101tta                      \u0101tti\n        9. n\u012bu                       n\u012bundi\n       10. t\u012bu                       t\u012bundi\n       11. ellifu                    ellifti\n       12. t\u014dlf                      t\u014dlfti\n       13. \u00ferett\u0101n                   \u00ferett\u0101ndi\n       14. fj\u014drt\u0101n\n       15. fimmt\u0101n\n       16. sext\u0101n\n       17. sjaut\u0101n\n       18. \u0101tj\u0101n\n       19. n\u012btj\u0101n\n       20. tuttugu\n       21. einn ok tuttugu, etc.\n       30. \u00fer\u012br tigir, etc.\n      100. t\u012bu tigir\n      110. ellifu tigir\n      120. hundra\u00f0\n     1200. \u00fe\u016bsund\n\n_einn_ is declined like other adjectives:--\n\n98.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.        FEM.\n\n      _Nom._     einn           eitt         ein\n      _Acc._     einn           eitt         eina\n      _Dat._     einum          einu         einni\n      _Gen._     eins           eins         einnar\n\nIt also has a pl. _einir_, _einar_, _ein_; gen. _einna_, etc. in\nthe sense of 'some.'\n\nThe next three show various irregularities.\n\n99.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.        FEM.\n\n      _Nom._     tveir          tvau         tv\u00e6r\n      _Acc._     tv\u0101            tvau         tv\u00e6r\n      _Dat._     tveim          tveim        tveim\n      _Gen._     tv\u0119ggja        tv\u0119ggja      tv\u0119ggja\n\nSimilarly _b\u0101\u00f0ir_ (both):\n\n100.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.        FEM.\n\n      _Nom._     b\u0101\u00f0ir          b\u00e6\u00f0i         b\u0101\u00f0ar\n      _Acc._     b\u0101\u00f0a           b\u00e6\u00f0i         b\u0101\u00f0ar\n      _Dat._     b\u0101\u00f0um          b\u0101\u00f0um        b\u0101\u00f0um\n      _Gen._     b\u0119ggja         b\u0119ggja       b\u0119ggja\n\n101.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.        FEM.\n\n      _Nom._     \u00fer\u012br           \u00ferj\u016b         \u00ferj\u0101r\n      _Acc._     \u00ferj\u0101           \u00ferj\u016b         \u00ferj\u0101r\n      _Dat._     \u00ferim           \u00ferim         \u00ferim\n      _Gen._     \u00feriggja        \u00feriggja      \u00feriggja\n\n102.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.        FEM.\n\n      _Nom._     fj\u014drir         fjogur       fj\u014drar\n      _Acc._     fj\u014dra          fjogur       fj\u014drar\n      _Dat._     fj\u014drum         fj\u014drum       fj\u014drum\n      _Gen._     fjogurra       fjogurra     fjogurra\n\n103. The others are indeclinable up to _\u00fer\u012br tigir_, etc.; the\n_tigir_ being declined regularly as a plural strong _u_-masculine\n_tigir_, _tigu_, _tigum_, _tiga_.\n\n104. _hundra\u00f0_ is a strong neut.: _tvau hundru\u00f0_ (240), _tveim\nhundru\u00f0um_, etc.  It governs the gen. (as also does _\u00fe\u016bsund_):\n_fimm hundru\u00f0 g\u014dlfa_, 'five (six) hundred chambers.'\n\n105. _\u00fe\u016bsund_ is a strong _ir_-feminine: _tv\u00e6r \u00fe\u016bsundir_ (2400).\n\n106. _hundra\u00f0_ and _\u00fe\u016bsund_ are rarely = 100 and 1000.\n\n107. Of the ordinals _fyrstr_ and _annarr_ (\u00a7 91) are strong, the\nothers weak adjectives.  _\u00feri\u00f0i_ inserts a _j_: _\u00feri\u00f0ja_, etc.\n\nPronouns\n\n108.\n\n                           Personal\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   ek (_I_)       \u00fe\u016b (_thou_)     --\n        _Acc._   mik            \u00feik             sik (_oneself_)\n        _Dat._   m\u0113r            \u00fe\u0113r             s\u0113r\n        _Gen._   m\u012bn            \u00fe\u012bn             s\u012bn\n\n   _Dual Nom._   vit            it              --\n        _Acc._   okkr           ykkr            sik\n        _Dat._   okkr           ykkr            s\u0113r\n        _Gen._   okkar          ykkar           s\u012bn\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   v\u0113r (_we_)     \u00fe\u0113r (_ye_)      --\n        _Acc._   oss            y\u00f0r             sik (_oneselves_)\n        _Dat._   oss            y\u00f0r             s\u0113r\n        _Gen._   v\u0101r            y\u00f0ar            s\u012bn\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   hann (_he_)    \u00feat (_it_)      hon (_she_)\n        _Acc._   hann           \u00feat             hana\n        _Dat._   honum          \u00fev\u012b             h\u0119nni\n        _Gen._   hans           \u00feess            h\u0119nnar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   \u00feeir (_they_)  \u00feau             \u00fe\u00e6r\n        _Acc._   \u00fe\u0101             \u00feau             \u00fe\u00e6r\n        _Dat._   \u00feeim           \u00feeim            \u00feeim\n        _Gen._   \u00feeira          \u00feeira           \u00feeira\n\n109. _ek_ was often suffixed to its verb, especially in poetry,\nbeing sometimes added twice over: _m\u00e6tta-k_ (I might), _s\u0101-k-a-k_\n(I saw not; _a_='not').  So also _\u00fe\u016b_: _er-tu_ (art thou),\n_skalt-u_ (shalt thou) = _*skalt-tu_.\n\n                           Possessive\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   minn (_my_)    mitt            m\u012bn\n        _Acc._   minn           mitt            m\u012bna\n        _Dat._   m\u012bnum          m\u012bnu            minni\n        _Gen._   m\u012bns           m\u012bns            minnar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   m\u012bnir          m\u012bn             m\u012bnar\n        _Acc._   m\u012bna           m\u012bn             m\u012bnar\n        _Dat._   m\u012bnum          m\u012bnum           m\u012bnum\n        _Gen._   minna          minna           minna\n\n110. So also _\u00feinn_ (thy), _sinn_ (his, etc., reflexive).\n\n111. _v\u0101rr_, _v\u0101rt_, _v\u0101r_ (our) is regular: acc. masc. _v\u0101rn_,\nmasc. plur. _v\u0101rir_, _v\u0101ra_, _v\u0101rum_, _v\u0101rra_, etc.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   y\u00f0arr (_your_) y\u00f0art           y\u00f0ur\n        _Acc._   y\u00f0arn          y\u00f0art           y\u00f0ra\n        _Dat._   y\u00f0rum          y\u00f0ru            y\u00f0arri\n        _Gen._   y\u00f0ars          y\u00f0ars           y\u00f0arrar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   y\u00f0rir          y\u00f0ur            y\u00f0rar\n        _Acc._   y\u00f0ra           y\u00f0ur            y\u00f0rar\n        _Dat._   y\u00f0rum          y\u00f0rum           y\u00f0rum\n        _Gen._   y\u00f0arra         y\u00f0arra          y\u00f0arra\n\n112. So also _okkarr_ (our two) and _ykkarr_ (your two).\n\n113. _hans_ (his), _\u00feess_ (its), _h\u0119nnar_ (her), and _\u00feeira_\n(their) are indeclinable.\n\n                       Demonstrative\n\n114.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   s\u0101 (_that_)    \u00feat             s\u016b\n        _Acc._   \u00feann           \u00feat             \u00fe\u0101\n        _Dat._   \u00feeim           \u00fev\u012b             \u00feeiri\n        _Gen._   \u00feess           \u00feess            \u00feeirar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   \u00feeir           \u00feau             \u00fe\u00e6r\n        _Acc._   \u00fe\u0101             \u00feau             \u00fe\u00e6r\n        _Dat._   \u00feeim           \u00feeim            \u00feeim\n        _Gen._   \u00feeira          \u00feeira           \u00feeira\n\n115. _hinn_, _hitt_, _hin_ (that) is inflected like _minn_\n(except that its vowel is short throughout): acc. masc. _hinn_,\nplur. masc.  _hinir_, _hina_, _hinum_, _hinna_.\n\n116.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   \u00feessi (_this_) \u00feetta           \u00feessi\n        _Acc._   \u00feenna          \u00feetta           \u00feessa\n        _Dat._   \u00feessum         \u00feessu           \u00feessi\n        _Gen._   \u00feessa          \u00feessa           \u00feessar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   \u00feessir         \u00feessi           \u00feessar\n        _Acc._   \u00feessa          \u00feessi           \u00feessar\n        _Dat._   \u00feessum         \u00feessum          \u00feessum\n        _Gen._   \u00feessa          \u00feessa           \u00feessa\n\n                           Definite\n\nThe prefixed definite article is declined thus:\n\n117.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   inn            it              in\n        _Acc._   inn            it              ina\n        _Dat._   inum           inu             inni\n        _Gen._   ins            ins             innar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   inir           in              inar\n        _Acc._   ina            in              inar\n        _Dat._   inum           inum            inum\n        _Gen._   inna           inna            inna\n\n118. When suffixed to its noun it undergoes various changes. In\nits monosyllabic forms it drops its vowel after a short\n(un-accented) vowel, as in _auga-t_ (the eye), but keeps it after\na long vowel, as in _\u0101-in_ (the river), _tr\u0113-it_ (the tree).  The\ndissyllabic forms drop their initial vowel almost everywhere;\nnot, however, after the _-ar_, _-r_, of the gen. sg., nor in\n_m\u0119nninir_ (men, _nom._), _m\u0119nn-ina_ (men, _acc._).  The _-m_ of\nthe dat. pl. is dropped before the suffixed _-num_.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   fiskr-inn      skip-it         gj\u01ebf-in\n        _Acc._   fisk-inn       skip-it         gj\u01ebf-ina\n        _Dat._   fiski-num      skipi-nu        gj\u01ebf-inni\n        _Gen._   fisks-ins      skips-ins       gjafar-innar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   fiskar-nir     skip-in         gjafar-nar\n        _Acc._   fiska-na       skip-in         gjafar-nar\n        _Dat._   fisku-num      skipu-num       gj\u01ebfu-num\n        _Gen._   fiska-nna      skipa-nna       gjafa-nna\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   bogi-nn        auga-t          tunga-n\n        _Acc._   boga-nn        auga-t          tungu-na\n        _Dat._   boga-num       auga-nu         tungu-nni\n        _Gen._   boga-ns        auga-ns         tungu-nnar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   bogar-nir      augu-n          tungur-nar\n        _Acc._   boga-na        augu-n          tungur-nar\n        _Dat._   bogu-num       augu-num        tungnu-num\n        _Gen._   boga-nna       augna-nna       tungna-nna\n\n                           Relative\n\n119. The ordinary relative pron. is the indeclinable _er_, often\npreceded by _s\u0101_: _s\u0101 er_ = he who, who, _s\u016b er_ who fem.\n\n                         Interrogative\n\n120. The neut. _hvat_ has gen. _hvess_, dat. _hv\u012b_, which last is\nchiefly used as an adverb = 'why.'\n\n121.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   hv\u0101rr (_which  hv\u0101rt           hv\u0101r\n                       of two_)\n        _Acc._   hv\u0101rn          hv\u0101rt           hv\u0101ra\n        _Dat._   hv\u0101rum         hv\u0101ru           hv\u0101rri\n        _Gen._   hv\u0101rs          hv\u0101rs           hv\u0101rrar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   hv\u0101rir         hv\u0101r            hv\u0101rar\n        _Acc._   hv\u0101ra          hv\u0101r            hv\u0101rar\n        _Dat._   hv\u0101rum         hv\u0101rum          hv\u0101rum\n        _Gen._   hv\u0101rra         hv\u0101rra          hv\u0101rra\n\n122.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   hv\u0119rr (_which, hv\u0119rt           hv\u0119r\n                          who_)\n        _Acc._   hv\u0119rn          hv\u0119rt           hv\u0119rja\n        _Dat._   hv\u0119rjum        hv\u0119rju          hv\u0119rri\n        _Gen._   hv\u0119rs          hv\u0119rs           hv\u0119rrar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   hv\u0119rir         hv\u0119r            hv\u0119rjar\n        _Acc._   hv\u0119rja         hv\u0119r            hv\u0119rjar\n        _Dat._   hv\u0119rjum        hv\u0119rjum         hv\u0119rjum\n        _Gen._   hv\u0119rra         hv\u0119rra          hv\u0119rra\n\n                          Indefinite\n\n123. _einn-hv\u0119rr_, _eitthv\u0119rt_, _einhv\u0119r_ (some one) keeps an\ninvariable _ein-_ in the other cases, the second element being\ninflected as above.\n\n124. _sumr_ (some) is declined like an ordinary adjective.\n\n125.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   nakkvarr       nakkvat         n\u01ebkkur\n                    (_some_)\n        _Acc._   nakkvarn       nakkvat         nakkvara\n        _Dat._   n\u01ebkkurum       n\u01ebkkuru         nakkvarri\n        _Gen._   nakkvars       nakkvars        nakkvarrar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   nakkvarir      n\u01ebkkur          nakkvarar\n        _Acc._   nakkvara       n\u01ebkkur          nakkvarar\n        _Dat._   n\u01ebkkurum       n\u01ebkkurum        n\u01ebkkurum\n        _Gen._   nakkvarra      nakkvarra       nakkvarra\n\n126.\n\n                 MASC.          NEUT.           FEM.\n\n    _Sg. Nom._   engi (_none,   ekki            engi\n                        no_)\n        _Acc._   engan          ekki            enga\n        _Dat._   engum          engu            engri\n        _Gen._   engis          engis           engrar\n\n    _Pl. Nom._   engir          engi            engar\n        _Acc._   enga           engi            engar\n        _Dat._   engum          engum           engum\n        _Gen._   engra          engra           engra\n\n127. In _hv\u0101r-tv\u0119ggja_ (each of the two, both) the first element\nis declined as above, the second is left unchanged.\n\nVerbs\n\n128. There are two classes of verbs, _strong_ and _weak_.  Strong\nverbs are conjugated partly by means of gradation, weak verbs by\nadding _\u00f0_ (_d_, _t_).\n\n129. The _\u00f0_ of the 2 pl. is dropt before _\u00feit_ (ye two) and\n_\u00fe\u0113r_ (ye): _gefi \u00fe\u0113r_, _g\u0101fu \u00feit_.\n\n130. There is a middle voice, which ends in _-mk_ in the 1 pers.\nsg. and pl., the rest of the verb being formed by adding _sk_ to\nthe active endings, _r_ being dropt, the resulting _ts_, _\u00f0s_\nbeing written _z_ (\u00a7 36): _kvezk_ (active _kve\u00f0r_ 'says'), _\u00feu\nfekkzk_ (_fekkt_ 'gottest').\n\n131. The following is the conjugation of the strong verb _gefa_\n(give), which will show those endings which are common to all\nverbs:\n\n                            Active\n\n                INDICATIVE          SUBJUNCTIVE\n\n  _Present sg._ 1. gef              gef-a\n                2. gef-r            gef-ir\n                3. gef-r            gef-i\n\n          _pl._ 1. gef-um           gef-im\n                2. gef-i\u00f0           gef-i\u00f0\n                3. gef-a            gef-i\n\n_Preterite sg._ 1. gaf              g\u00e6f-a\n                2. gaf-t            g\u00e6f-ir\n                3. gaf              g\u00e6f-i\n\n          _pl._ 1. g\u0101f-um           g\u00e6f-im\n                2. g\u0101f-u\u00f0           g\u00e6f-i\u00f0\n                3. g\u0101f-u            g\u00e6f-i\n\n_Imperative sg._ 2 gef; _pl._ 1 gef-um, 2 gef-i\u00f0.\n_Participle pres._ gef-andi; _pret._ gef-inn.\n_Infin._ gefa.\n\n                            Middle\n\n                INDICATIVE          SUBJUNCTIVE\n\n    _Pres. sg._ 1. gef-umk          gef-umk\n                2. gef-sk           gef-isk\n                3. gef-sk           gef-isk\n\n          _pl._ 1. gef-umk          gef-imk\n                2. gef-izk          gef-izk\n                3. gef-ask          gef-isk\n\n    _Pret. sg._ 1. g\u0101f-umk          g\u00e6f-umk\n                2. gaf-zk           g\u00e6f-isk\n                3. gaf-sk           g\u00e6f-isk\n\n          _pl._ 1. g\u0101f-umk          g\u00e6f-imk\n                2. g\u0101f-uzk          g\u00e6f-izk\n                3. g\u0101f-usk          g\u00e6f-isk\n\n_Impers. sg._ 2 gef-sk; _pl._ 1 gef-umk, 2 gef-izk.\n_Partic. pres._ gef-andisk; _pret._ gef-izk _neut._\n_Infin._ gef-ask.\n\n                        Strong Verbs\n\n132. In the strong verbs the plur. of the pret. indic. generally\nhas a different vowel from that of the sing.  The 1 sg. pret. of\nthe middle voice always has the vowel of the pl. pret.: _g\u0101fumk_.\nThe pret. subj. has the vowel of the pret. indic. plur. mutated:\n_skaut_ (he shot), _skutu_ (they shot), _skyti_ (he might shoot).\nBut there is no mutation in verbs of the first conj.: _hlj\u014dpi_,\ninf. _hlaupa_ (leap).\n\n133. The pres. indic. sing. mutates the root-vowel in all three\npersons: _ek sk\u0233t_, _\u00fe\u016b sk\u0233tr_, _hann sk\u0233tr_, infin. _skj\u014dta_\n(shoot).  _e_ however is not mutated: _ek gef_, _\u00fe\u016b gefr_.  The\ninflectional _r_ is liable to the same modifications as the _r_\nof nouns (\u00a7 32): _sk\u012bnn_, _v\u0119x_, infin. _sk\u012bna_ (shine), _vaxa_\n(grow).\n\n134. Verbs in _ld_ change the _d_ into _t_ in the 1, 3 sg. pret.\nindic. and in the imper. sg.: _helt_ (held), _halt_ (hold!),\ninfin. _halda_.  _nd_ becomes _tt_, and _ng_ becomes _kk_ under\nthe same conditions: _binda_ (bind), _ganga_ (go), pret. _batt_,\n_gekk_, imper. _bitt_, _gakk_.\n\n135. The _t_ of the 2 sg. pret. indic. is doubled after a long\naccented vowel: _\u00fe\u016b s\u0101tt_ (thou sawest).  If the 1 sg. pret.\nindic. ends in _t_ or _\u00f0_, the 2 sg. ends in _zt_: _l\u0113t_ (I let),\n_\u00fe\u016b l\u0113zt_, _bau\u00f0_ (I offered) _\u00fe\u016b bauzt_.\n\n136. There are seven conjugations of strong verbs, distinguished\nmainly by the characteristic vowels of their preterites.\n\n137.\n\n                    I. 'Fall'-conjugation\n\nINFIN.              THIRD PRES.  PRT. SING.  PRT. PL.  PTC. PRT.\n\nfalla (_fall_)      f\u0119llr        fell        fellu     fallinn\nl\u0101ta (_let_)        l\u00e6tr         l\u0113t         l\u0113tu      l\u0101tinn\nr\u0101\u00f0a (_advise_)     r\u00e6\u00f0r         r\u0113\u00f0         r\u0113\u00f0u      r\u0101\u00f0inn\nheita (_call_)      heitr        h\u0113t         h\u0113tu      heitinn\nhalda (_hold_)      h\u0119ldr        helt        heldu     haldinn\nganga (_go_)        g\u0119ngr        gekk        gengu     g\u0119nginn\nf\u0101 (_get_)          f\u00e6r          fekk        fengu     f\u0119nginn\n                       -----------------\nauka (_increase_)   eykr         j\u014dk         j\u014dku      aukinn\nb\u016ba (_dwell_)       b\u0233r          bj\u014d         bjoggu    b\u016binn\nh\u01ebggva (_hew_)      h\u01ebggr        hj\u014d         hjoggu    h\u01ebggvinn\nhlaupa (_leap_)     hleypr       hlj\u014dp       hlj\u014dpu    hlaupinn\n\n138. The following have weak preterites in _r_:\n\ngr\u014da (_grow_)       gr\u0153r         gr\u00f6ri       gr\u00f6ru     gr\u014dinn\nr\u014da (_row_)         r\u0153r          r\u00f6ri        r\u00f6ru      r\u014dinn\nsn\u016ba (_twist_)      sn\u0233r         sn\u00f6ri       sn\u00f6ru     sn\u016binn\n\n139. _heita_ in the passive sense of 'to be named, called' has a\nweak present: _ek heiti_, _\u00fe\u016b heitir_.\n\n140.\n\n                    II. 'Shake'-conjugation\n\nINFIN.              THIRD PRES.  PRT. SING.  PRT. PL.  PTC. PRT.\n\nfara (_go_)         f\u0119rr         f\u014dr         f\u014dru      farinn\ngrafa (_dig_)       gr\u0119fr        gr\u014df        gr\u014dfu     grafinn\nhla\u00f0a (_load_)      hl\u0119\u00f0r        hl\u014d\u00f0        hl\u014d\u00f0u     hla\u00f0inn\nvaxa (_grow_)       v\u0119x          \u014dx          \u014dxu       vaxinn\nstanda (_stand_)    st\u0119ndr       st\u014d\u00f0        st\u014d\u00f0u     sta\u00f0inn\naka (_drive_)       \u0119kr          \u014dk          \u014dku       \u0119kinn\ntaka (_take_)       t\u0119kr         t\u014dk         t\u014dku      t\u0119kinn\ndraga (_draw_)      dr\u0119gr        dr\u014d         dr\u014dgu     dr\u0119ginn\nfl\u0101 (_flay_)        fl\u00e6r         fl\u014d         fl\u014dgu     fl\u0119ginn\nsl\u0101 (_strike_)      sl\u00e6r         sl\u014d         sl\u014dgu     sl\u0119ginn\n\n141. The following have weak presents:\n\nh\u0119fja (_lift_)      h\u0119fr         h\u014df         h\u014dfu      hafinn\ndeyja (_die_)       deyr         d\u014d          d\u014d        d\u0101inn\nhl\u00e6ja (_laugh_)     hl\u00e6r         hl\u014d         hl\u014dgu     hl\u0119ginn\n\n142.\n\n                    III. 'Bind'-conjugation\n\nINFIN.              THIRD PRES.  PRT. SING.  PRT. PL.  PTC. PRT.\n\nbresta (_burst_)    brestr       brast       brustu    brostinn\nhverfa (_turn_)     hverfr       hvarf       hurfu     horfinn\nsvelga (_swallow_)  svelgr       svalg       sulgu     s\u014dlginn\nver\u00f0a (_become_)    ver\u00f0r        var\u00f0        ur\u00f0u      or\u00f0inn\nskj\u0101lfa (_shake_)   skelfr       skalf       skulfu    skolfinn\ndrekka (_drink_)    drekkr       drakk       drukku    drukkinn\nfinna (_find_)      finnr        fann        fundu     fundinn\nvinna (_win_)       vinnr        vann        unnu      unninn\nbinda (_bind_)      bindr        batt        bundu     bundinn\nspringa (_spring_)  springr      sprakk      sprungu   sprunginn\nstinga (_pierce_)   stingr       stakk       stungu    stunginn\nbreg\u00f0a (_pull_)     breg\u00f0r       br\u0101         brug\u00f0u    brug\u00f0inn\ns\u00f6kkva (_sink_)     s\u00f6kkr        s\u01ebkk        sukku     sokkinn\nst\u00f6kkva (_spring_)  st\u00f6kkr       st\u01ebkk       stukku    stokkinn\n\n143. The following have weak presents (which makes however no\ndifference in their conjugation):\n\nbr\u0119nna (_burn_)     br\u0119nnr       brann       brunnu    brunninn\nr\u0119nna (_run_)       r\u0119nnr        rann        runnu     runninn\n\n144.\n\n                    IV. 'Bear'-conjugation\n\nINFIN.              THIRD PRES.  PRT. SING.  PRT. PL.  PTC. PRT.\n\nbera (_carry_)      berr         bar         b\u0101ru      borinn\nnema (_take_)       nemr         nam         n\u0101mu      numinn\nfela (_hide_)       felr         fal         f\u0101lu      f\u014dlginn\nkoma (_come_)       k\u00f6mr         kom         kv\u0101mu     kominn\nsofa (_sleep_)      s\u00f6fr         svaf        sv\u0101fu     sofinn\n\n145.\n\n                    V. 'Give'-conjugation\n\nINFIN.              THIRD PRES.  PRT. SING.  PRT. PL.  PTC. PRT.\n\ndrepa (_kill_)      drepr        drap        dr\u0101pu     drepinn\ngefa (_give_)       gefr         gaf         g\u0101fu      gefinn\nkve\u00f0a (_say_)       kve\u00f0r        kva\u00f0        kv\u0101\u00f0u     kve\u00f0inn\nmeta (_estimate_)   metr         mat         m\u0101tu      metinn\nreka (_drive_)      rekr         rak         r\u0101ku      rekinn\neta (_eat_)         etr          \u0101t          \u0101tu       etinn\nsj\u0101 (_see_)         s\u0113r[6]       s\u0101          s\u0101[7]     s\u0113nn\n\n[Footnote 6: s\u0113, s\u0113r, s\u0113r; sj\u0101m, s\u0113\u00f0, sj\u0101.  Subj. s\u0113, s\u0113r, s\u0113;\ns\u0113m, s\u0113\u00f0, s\u0113.]\n\n[Footnote 7: s\u0101m, s\u0101i\u00f0, s\u0101.]\n\n146. The following have weak presents:--\n\nbi\u00f0ja (_ash_)       bi\u00f0r         ba\u00f0         b\u0101\u00f0u      be\u00f0inn\nsitja (_sit_)       sitr         sat         s\u0101tu      setinn\nliggja (_lie_)      liggr        l\u0101          l\u0101gum     leginn\n\u00feiggja (_receive_)  \u00feiggr        \u00fe\u0101          \u00fe\u0101gu      \u00feeginn\n\n147.\n\n                    VI. 'Shine'-conjugation\n\nINFIN.              THIRD PRES.  PRT. SING.  PRT. PL.  PTC. PRT.\n\nb\u012bta (_bite_)       b\u012btr         beit        bitu      bitinn\ndr\u012bfa (_drive_)     dr\u012bfr        dreif       drifu     drifinn\ngr\u012bpa (_grasp_)     gr\u012bpr        greip       gripu     gripinn\nl\u012b\u00f0a (_go_)         l\u012b\u00f0r         lei\u00f0        li\u00f0u      li\u00f0inn\nl\u012bta (_look_)       l\u012btr         leit        litu      litinn\nr\u012b\u00f0a (_ride_)       r\u012b\u00f0r         rei\u00f0        ri\u00f0u      ri\u00f0inn\ns\u012bga (_sink_)       s\u012bgr         seig        sigu      siginn\nsl\u012bta (_tear_)      sl\u012btr        sleit       slitu     slitinn\nst\u012bga (_advance_)   st\u012bgr        steig       stigu     stiginn\nb\u012b\u00f0a (_wait_)       b\u012b\u00f0r         bei\u00f0        bi\u00f0u      bei\u00f0nn\n\n148. The following has a weak present:\n\nv\u012bkja (_move_)      v\u012bkr         veik        viku      vikinn\n\n149.\n\n                    VII. 'Choose'-conjugation\n\nINFIN.              THIRD PRES.  PRT. SING.  PRT. PL.  PTC. PRT.\n\nbj\u014d\u00f0a (_offer_)     b\u0233\u00f0r         bau\u00f0        bu\u00f0u      bo\u00f0inn\nbrj\u014dta (_break_)    br\u0233tr        braut       brutu     brotinn\nflj\u014dta (_float_)    fl\u0233tr        flaut       flutu     flotinn\nhlj\u014dta (_receive_)  hl\u0233tr        hlaut       hlutu     hlotinn\nkj\u014dsa (_choose_)    k\u0233ss         kaus        kusum     kosinn\nnj\u014dta (_enjoy_)     n\u0233tr         naut        nutu      notinn\nskj\u014dta (_shoot_)    sk\u0233tr        skaut       skutu     skotinn\ndrj\u016bpa (_drop_)     dr\u0233pr        draup       drupu     dropinn\nlj\u016bga (_tell lies_) l\u0233gr         laug        lugu      loginn\nl\u016bka (_close_)      l\u0233kr         lauk        luku      lokinn\nl\u016bta (_bend_)       l\u0233tr         laut        lutu      lotinn\nflj\u016bga (_fly_)      fl\u0233gr        fl\u014d         flugu     floginn\n\n                          Weak Verbs\n\n150. There are three conjugations of weak verbs.  All those of\nthe first conjugation have mutated vowels in the pres., and form\ntheir pret. with _\u00f0_ (_d_, _t_): _heyra_ (hear), _heyr\u00f0a_.  Those\nof the second form their pret. in the same way, but have\nunmutated vowels in the pres.: _hafa_ (have) _haf\u00f0a_.  Those of\nthe third form their pret. in _-a\u00f0a_: _kalla_ (call), _kalla\u00f0a_.\n\n                    I. 'Hear'-conjugation\n\n                            Active\n\n151.\n\n                INDICATIVE          SUBJUNCTIVE\n\n    _Pres. sg._ 1. heyr-i           heyr-a\n                2. heyr-ir          heyr-ir\n                3. heyr-ir          heyr-i\n\n          _pl._ 1. heyr-um          heyr-im\n                2. heyr-i\u00f0          heyr-i\u00f0\n                3. heyr-a           heyr-i\n\n    _Pret. sg._ 1. heyr-\u00f0a          heyr-\u00f0a\n                2. heyr-\u00f0ir         heyr-\u00f0ir\n                3. heyr-\u00f0i          heyr-\u00f0i\n\n          _pl._ 1. heyr-\u00f0um         heyr-\u00f0im\n                2. heyr-\u00f0u\u00f0         heyr-\u00f0i\u00f0\n                3. heyr-\u00f0u          heyr-\u00f0i\n\n_Imper. sg._ 1. heyr; _pl._ 1. heyr-um, 2. heyr-i\u00f0.\n_Partic. pres._ heyr-andi; _pret._ heyr-\u00f0r.\n_Infin._ heyr-a.\n\n                            Middle\n\n                INDICATIVE          SUBJUNCTIVE\n\n    _Pres. sg._ 1. heyr-umk         heyr-umk\n                2. heyr-isk         heyr-isk\n                3. heyr-isk         heyr-isk\n\n          _pl._ 1. heyr-umk         heyr-imk\n                2. heyr-izk         heyr-izk\n                3. heyr-ask         heyr-isk\n\n    _Pret. sg._ 1. heyr-\u00f0umk        heyr-\u00f0umk\n                2. heyr-\u00f0isk        heyr-\u00f0isk\n                3. heyr-\u00f0isk        heyr-\u00f0isk\n\n          _pl._ 1. heyr-\u00f0umk        heyr-\u00f0imk\n                2. heyr-\u00f0uzk        heyr-\u00f0izk\n                3. heyr-\u00f0usk        heyr-\u00f0isk\n\n_Imper. sg._ 2. heyr-sk; _pl._ 1. heyr-umk, 2. heyr-izk.\n_Partic. pres._ heyr-andisk; _pret._ heyr-zk _neut._\n_Infin._ heyr-ask.\n\n                    A. Without vowel-change\n\n152. The inflectional _\u00f0_ becomes _d_ after long syllables ending\nin _l_ or _n_: _sigla_ (sail), _siglda_; _n\u0119fna_ (name),\n_n\u0119fnda_, _n\u0119fndr_.\n\n153. _-\u00f0\u00f0_ becomes _dd_: _lei\u00f0a_ (lead), _leidda_.\n\n154. _\u00f0_ after _s_ and _t_ becomes _t_: _reisa_ (raise),\n_reista_; _m\u0153ta_ (meet), _m\u0153tta_.  Also in a few verbs in _l_,\n_n_: _m\u00e6la_ (speak), _m\u00e6lta_; _sp\u0119nna_ (buckle), _sp\u0119nta_.\n\n155. After _nd_ and _pt_ it is dropped: _s\u0119nda_ (send), _s\u0119nda_,\n_s\u0119ndr_; _lypta_ (lift), _lypta_.\n\n156. It is preserved in such verbs as the following: _d\u0153ma_\n(judge), _d\u0153m\u00f0a_; _f\u0153ra_ (lead), _f\u0153r\u00f0a_; _h\u0119r\u00f0a_ (harden),\n_h\u0119r\u00f0a_; _hleypa_ (gallop), _hleyp\u00f0a_.\n\n                      B. With vowel-change\n\n157. All these verbs have _j_ preceded by a short syllable\n(t\u0119lja), or a long vowel without any cons. after it (d\u0233ja), or\n_gg_ (l\u0119ggja); the _j_ being kept before _a_ and _u_, as in the\npres. ind. of _spyrja_ (ask): _spyr_, _spyrr_, _spyrr_;\n_spyrjum_, _spyri\u00f0_, _spyrja_, pres. subj. 1 sg. _ek spyrja_;\nthey unmutate their vowel in the pret. and ptc. pret. (spur\u00f0a,\nspur\u00f0r), the mutation being restored in the pret. subj. _spyr\u00f0a_,\n_spyr\u00f0ir_, etc.  The ptc. pret. often has an _i_ before the _\u00f0_.\n\n          b\u0119rja (_strike_)       bar\u00f0a          bar\u00f0r\n          l\u0119ggja (_lay_)         lag\u00f0a          lag(i)\u00f0r\n          t\u0119lja (_tell_)         tal\u00f0a          tal(i)\u00f0r\n          v\u0119kja (_wake_)         vak\u00f0a          vak\u00f0r\n          flytja (_remove_)      flutta         fluttr\n          d\u0233ja (_shake_)         d\u016b\u00f0a           d\u016b\u00f0r\n\n158. The following keep the mutated vowel throughout:\n\n          s\u0119lja (_sell_)         s\u0119lda          s\u0119ldr\n          s\u0119tja (_set_)          s\u0119tta          s\u0119ttr\n\n                              C.\n\n159. The following are irregular:\n\n          s\u0153kja (_seek_)         s\u014dtta          s\u014dttr\n          \u00feykkja (_seem_)        \u00fe\u014dtta          \u00fe\u014dttr\n\nSubj. pret. _s\u0153tta_, _\u00fe\u0153tta_.\n\n160. The following has an adj. for its partic. pret.:\n\n          g\u01eb\u0308ra (_make_)          g\u01eb\u0308r\u00f0a          g\u01eb\u0308rr.\n\n                   II. 'Have'-conjugation\n\n161. The few verbs of this class are conjugated like those of\nconj. I, except that some of them have imperatives in _-i_:\n_vaki_, _\u00fe\u0119fi_; _uni_.  _lifa_, _s\u0119gja_ have imper. _lif_, _s\u0119g_.\nThey mutate the vowel of the pret. subj. (yn\u00f0a).  Their partic.\npret. generally occurs only in the neut.; sometimes the _a_ is\ndropped.\n\n      lifa (_live_)         lifi       lif\u00f0a      lifat\n      una (_be contented_)  uni        un\u00f0a       unat\n      skorta (_be wanting_) skorti     skorta     skort\n      \u00feola (_endure_)       \u00feoli       \u00feol\u00f0a      \u00feolat\n      \u00feora (_dare_)         \u00feori       \u00feor\u00f0a      \u00feorat\n      n\u0101 (_attain_)         n\u0101i        n\u0101\u00f0a       n\u0101\u00f0r, n\u0101it\n\n162. The following show mutation:\n\n      s\u0119gja (_say_)         s\u0119gi       sag\u00f0a      sag\u00f0r\n      \u00fe\u0119gja (_be silent_)   \u00fe\u0119gi       \u00feag\u00f0a      \u00feagat\n      hafa (_have_)         h\u0119fi       haf\u00f0a      haf\u00f0r\n      kaupa (_buy_)         kaupi      keypta     keyptr\n\n163. The present indic. of the first three is as follows:\n\n        _Sing._ 1. h\u0119fi          s\u0119gi         \u00fe\u0119gi\n             2, 3. h\u0119fir         s\u0119gir        \u00fe\u0119gir\n\n        _Plur._ 1. h\u01ebfum         s\u0119gjum       \u00fe\u0119gjum\n                2. hafi\u00f0         s\u0119gi\u00f0        \u00fe\u0119gi\u00f0\n                3. hafa          s\u0119gja        \u00fe\u0119gja\n\n164. The rest of _hafa_ is regular.  Pres. subj. _hafa_, _hafir_,\n_hafi_; _hafim_, _hafi\u00f0_, _hafi_.  Pret. indic. _haf\u00f0a_,\n_haf\u00f0ir_, _haf\u00f0i_; _h\u01ebfdum_, _h\u01ebf\u00f0u\u00f0_, _h\u01ebf\u00f0u_.  Pret. subj.\n_h\u0119f\u00f0a_, _h\u0119f\u00f0ir_, _h\u0119f\u00f0i_; _h\u0119f\u00f0im_, _h\u0119f\u00f0i\u00f0_, _h\u0119f\u00f0i_.  Imper.\n_haf_, _h\u01ebfum_, _hafi\u00f0_.  Ptc. _hafandi_, _haf\u00f0r_.\n\n                   III. 'Call'-conjugation\n\n                            Active\n\n                INDICATIVE          SUBJUNCTIVE\n\n    _Pres. sg._ 1. kall-a           kall-a\n                2. kall-ar          kall-ir\n                3. kall-ar          kall-i\n\n          _pl._ 1. k\u01ebll-um          kall-im\n                2. kall-i\u00f0          kall-i\u00f0\n                3. kall-a           kall-i\n\n    _Pres. sg._ 1. kall-a\u00f0a         kall-a\u00f0a\n                2. kall-a\u00f0ir        kall-a\u00f0ir\n                3. kall-a\u00f0i         kall-a\u00f0i\n\n          _pl._ 1. k\u01ebll-u\u00f0um        kall-a\u00f0im\n                2. k\u01ebll-u\u00f0u\u00f0        kall-a\u00f0i\u00f0\n                3. k\u01ebll-u\u00f0u         kall-a\u00f0i\n\n_Imper. sing._ 2. kall-a; _plur._ 1. k\u01ebll-um, 2. kall-i\u00f0.\n_Partic. pres._ kall-andi; _pret._ kalla\u00f0r (_neut._ kallat).\n_Infin._ kalla.\n\n                            Middle\n\n                INDICATIVE          SUBJUNCTIVE\n\n    _Pres. sg._ 1. k\u01ebll-umk         k\u01ebll-umk\n                2. kall-ask         kall-isk\n                3. kall-ask         kall-isk\n\n          _pl._ 1. k\u01ebll-umk         kall-imk\n                2. kall-izk         kall-izk\n                3. kall-ask         kall-isk\n\n    _Pret. sg._ 1. k\u01ebll-u\u00f0umk       k\u01ebll-u\u00f0umk\n                2. kall-a\u00f0isk       kall-a\u00f0isk\n                3. kall-a\u00f0isk       kall-a\u00f0isk\n\n          _pl._ 1. k\u01ebll-u\u00f0umk       kall-a\u00f0imk\n                2. k\u01ebll-u\u00f0uzk       kall-a\u00f0izk\n                3. k\u01ebll-u\u00f0usk       kall-a\u00f0isk\n\n_Imper. sing._ 2. kall-ask; _pl._ 1. k\u01ebll-umk, 2. kall-izk.\n_Partic. pres._ kall-andisk; _pret._ kall-azk _neut._\n_Infin._ kall-ask.\n\n165. So also _byrja_ (begin), _h\u0119rja_ (make war), _vakna_\n(awake).\n\n                       Strong-Weak Verbs\n\n166. These have old strong preterites for their presents,\nfrom which new weak preterites are formed.\n\nINFIN.            PRES. SG.  PRES. PL.   PRT.       PTC.\n\neiga (_possess_)  \u0101          eigu        \u0101tta       \u0101ttr\nkunna (_can_)     kann       kunnu       kunna      kunnat _n._\nmega (_can_)      m\u0101         megu        m\u0101tta      m\u0101tt _n._\nmuna (_remember_) man        munu        mun\u00f0a      munat _n._\nmunu (_will_)     mun        munu        mun\u00f0a      ----\nskulu (_shall_)   skal       skulu       skylda     skyldr\n\u00feurfa (_need_)    \u00fearf       \u00feurfu       \u00feurfta     \u00feurft _n._\nunna (_love_)     ann        unnu        unna       unnt _n._\nvita (_know_)     veit       vitu        vissa      vita\u00f0r\n\n167. Of these verbs _munu_ and _skulu_ have preterite\ninfinitives: _mundu_, _skyldu_.\n\n                       Anomalous Verbs\n\n168. _Vilja_ (will):\n\n                           Present\n\n                   Sing.             Plur.\n\n                1. vil               viljum\n                2. vill              vili\u00f0\n                3. vill              vilja\n\n_Subj. pres._ vili.  _Pret. ind._ vilda.  _Ptc. prt._ viljat.\n\n169. _Vera_ (be):\n\n                INDICATIVE          SUBJUNCTIVE\n\n    _Pres. sg._ 1. em               s\u0113\n                2. ert              s\u0113r\n                3. er               s\u0113\n\n          _pl._ 1. erum             s\u0113m\n                2. eru\u00f0             s\u0113\u00f0\n                3. eru              s\u0113\n\n    _Pret. sg._ 1. var              v\u00e6ra\n                2. vart             v\u00e6rir\n                3. var              v\u00e6ri\n\n          _pl._ 1. v\u0101rum            v\u00e6rim\n                2. v\u0101ru\u00f0            v\u00e6ri\u00f0\n                3. v\u0101ru             v\u00e6ri\n\n_Imper. sg._ ver; _pl._ veri\u00f0.  _Ptc. prt._ verit _n._\n\n\nCOMPOSITION\n\n170. Composition with the genitive is very frequent in Icelandic.\nThus by the side of _skip-stj\u014drn_ (ship-steering) we find\n_skips-brot_ (ship's breaking, shipwreck), _skipa-h\u0119rr_ (army of\nships, fleet).  Genitival composition often expresses possession,\nas in _konungs-skip_ (king's ship).\n\n\nDERIVATION\n\nPrefixes\n\n171. Prefixes are much less used in Icelandic than in Old\nEnglish.\n\n*al-* 'quite,' 'very': _al-b\u016binn_ 'quite ready,' _al-snotr_ 'very\nclever.'\n\n*all-* 'all,' 'very': _all-valdr_ 'all-ruler, monarch,'\n_all-har\u00f0r_ 'very hard,' _all-st\u014drum_ 'very greatly.'\n\n*and-* 'against': _and-lit_ 'countenance' (_lita_, look),\n_and-svar_ 'answer.'\n\n*fj\u01ebl-* 'many': _fj\u01ebl-m\u0119nni_ 'multitude' (_ma\u00f0r_, man).\n\n*mis-* 'mis-': _mis-l\u012bka_ 'displease.'\n\n*\u016b-* 'un-': _\u016b-fri\u00f0r_ 'war' (_fri\u00f0r_, peace), _\u016b-happ_\n'misfortune' (_happ_ luck).\n\nEndings\n\n                          (a) Nouns\n\n                           Personal\n\n172. *-ingr*, *-ingi*, *-ing*: _v\u012bkingr_ 'pirate,' _h\u01ebf\u00f0ingi_\n'chief,' _k\u0119rling_ 'old woman.'\n\n                           Abstract\n\n173. *-\u00f0*, fem. with mutation: _f\u0119gr\u00f0_ 'beauty' (_fagr_, fair),\n_f\u0119r\u00f0_ 'journey' (_fara_, go), _l\u0119ng\u00f0_ 'length' (_langr_, long).\n\n*-ing*, fem.: _svipting_ 'pulling,' _v\u012bking_ 'piracy,' _vir\u00f0ing_\n'honour.'\n\n*-leikr*, masc.: _k\u0153r-leikr_ 'affection' (_h\u0153rr_, dear),\n_skj\u014dt-leikr_ 'speed' (_skj\u014dtr_, swift).\n\n*-an*, *-un*, fem.: _skipan_ 'arrangement,' _sk\u0119mtun_\n'amusement.'\n\n                        (b) Adjectives\n\n174. *-ugr*: _r\u0101\u00f0ugr_ 'sagacious,' _\u00fer\u016b\u00f0ugr_ 'strong.'\n\n*-\u014dttr*: _koll\u014dttr_ 'bald,' _\u01ebnd\u014dttr_ 'fierce.'\n\n*-lauss* '-less': _f\u0113-lauss_ 'moneyless,' _\u014dtta-lauss_ 'without\nfear.'\n\n*-ligr* '-ly': _undr-ligr_ 'wonderful,' _sann-ligr_ 'probable'\n(_sannr_, true).\n\n*-samr*: _l\u012bkn-samr_ 'gracious,' _skyn-samr_ 'intelligent.'\n\n*-ver\u00f0r* '-ward': _ofan-ver\u00f0r_ 'upper.'\n\n                          (c) Verbs\n\n175. *-na*: _brotna_ 'be broken' (_brotinn_, broken), _hv\u012btna_\n'become white,' _vakna_ 'awake.'  Used to form intransitive and\ninchoative verbs of the third conj.\n\n                         (d) Adverbs\n\n176. *-liga* '-ly': _undar-liga_ 'wonderfully,' _st\u0119rk-liga_\n'strongly' (_st\u0119rkr_, strong).\n\n*-um*, dat. pl.: _st\u014drum_ 'greatly' (_st\u014drr_, great).\n\n\nSYNTAX\n\n177. Icelandic syntax greatly resembles Old English, but has\nseveral peculiarities of its own.\n\nConcord\n\n178. Concord is carried out very strictly in Icelandic: _allir\nm\u0119nn v\u0101ru b\u016bnir_ 'all the men were ready,' _allir v\u0101ru drepnir_\n'all were killed.'\n\n179. A plural adj. or pronoun referring to two nouns of different\n(natural or grammatical) gender is always put in the neuter: _\u00fe\u0101\ngekk hann upp, ok me\u00f0 honum Loki_ (masc.), _ok \u00dej\u0101lfi_ (masc.),\n_ok R\u01ebskva_ (fem.).  _\u00fe\u0101 er \u00feau_ (neut.) _h\u01ebf\u00f0u l\u012btla hri\u00f0\ng\u0119ngit..._ 'he landed, and with him L., and \u00de., and R.  When they\nhad walked for some time...'\n\nCases\n\n180. The extensive use of the instrumental dative is very\ncharacteristic of Icelandic: whenever the direct object of a verb\ncan be considered as the instrument of the action expressed by\nthe verb, it is put in the dative, as in _kasta spj\u014dti_ 'throw a\nspear' (lit. 'throw _with_ a spear'), _hann helt hamarskaptinu_\n'he grasped the handle of the hammer,' _heita \u00fev\u012b_ 'promise\nthat,' _j\u0101ta \u00fev\u012b_ 'agree to that.'\n\nAdjectives\n\n181. The weak form of adjectives is used as in O.E. after the\ndefinite article, _\u00feessi_ and other demonstratives.  _annarr_\n(other) is always strong.\n\n182., An adj. is often set in apposition to a following noun to\ndenote part of it: _eiga h\u0101lft d\u0233rit_ 'to have half of the\nanimal,' _\u01ebnnur \u00feau_ 'the rest of them,' _of mi\u00f0ja n\u0101tt_ 'in the\nmiddle of the night.'\n\nPronouns\n\n183. _s\u0101_ is often put pleonastically before the definite article\n_inn_, both before and after the subst.: _s\u0101 inn ungi ma\u00f0r_ 'that\nyoung man,' _hafit \u00feat it dj\u016bpa_ 'the deep sea.'\n\n184. The definite article is generally not expressed at all, or\nelse _einn_, _einnhv\u0119rr_ is used.\n\n185. A noun (often a proper name) is often put in apposition to a\ndual pron. of the first and second persons, or a plur. of the\nthird person: _\u00feit f\u0113lagar_, 'thou and thy companions,' _me\u00f0 \u00feeim\n\u0100ka_ 'with him and \u0100ki.'  Similarly _st\u0119ndr \u00de\u014drr upp ok \u00feeir\nf\u0113lagar_ 'Thor and his companions get up.'\n\n186. The plurals _v\u0113r_, _\u00fe\u0113r_ are sometimes used instead of the\nsingulars _ek_, _\u00fe\u016b_, especially when a king is speaking or being\nspoken to.\n\n187. _sik_ and _s\u0113r_ are used in a strictly reflexive sense,\nreferring back to the subject of the sentence, like _se_ in\nLatin: _\u00deorr bau\u00f0 honum til matar me\u00f0 s\u0113r_ 'Thor asked him to\nsupper with him.'\n\nVerbs\n\n188. The tenses for which there is no inflection in the active,\nand all those of the passive, are formed by the auxiliaries\n_skal_ (shall), _hafa_ (have), _vera_ (be) with the infin. and\nptc. pret., much as in modern English.\n\n189. The historical present is much used, often alternating\nabruptly with the preterite.\n\n190. The middle voice is used: (1) in a purely reflexive sense:\n_spara_ 'spare,' _sparask_ 'spare oneself, reserve one's\nstrength.'  (2) intransitively: _b\u016ba_ 'prepare,' _b\u016bask_ 'become\nready, be ready'; _s\u0119tja_ 'set,' _s\u0119tjask_ 'sit down'; _s\u0233na_\n'show,' _s\u0233nask_ 'appear, seem.'  (3) reciprocally: _b\u0119rja_\n'strike,' _b\u0119rjask_ 'fight'; _hitta_, 'find,' _hittask_ 'meet.'\nIn other cases it specializes the meaning of the verb, often\nemphasizing the idea of energy or effort: _koma_ 'come,' _komask_\n'make one's way.'\n\n191. The impersonal form of expression is widely used in\nIcelandic: _rak \u0101 storm_ (acc.) _fyrir \u00feeim_ 'a storm was driven\nin their face.'\n\n192. The indef. 'one' is expressed in the same way by the third\npers. sg., and this form of expression is often used when the\nsubject is perfectly definite: _ok freista skal \u00feessar \u012b\u00fer\u014dttar_\n'and this feat shall be tried (by you).'\n\n193. The abrupt change from the indirect to the direct narration\nis very common: _Haraldi konungi var sagt at \u00fear var komit\nbjarnd\u0233ri, 'ok \u0101 \u012asl\u0119nzkr ma\u00f0r,'_ 'King Harold was told that a\nbear had arrived, and that an Icelander owned it.'  The direct\nnarration is also used after _at_ (that): _hann svarar at 'ek\nskal r\u012b\u00f0a til H\u0119ljar'_ 'he answers that he will ride to Hel.'\n\n\n\nTEXTS\n\n[Note: The asterisks are to help find the spots mentioned in the\nnotes.  (I took out the line numbers to keep the line width as\nclose to 65 characters as possible.)  --B.C.]\n\nI. THOR\n\n\u00de\u014drr er \u0101sanna framastr, s\u0101 er kalla\u00f0r er \u0100sa-\u00fe\u014drr e\u00f0a\n\u01eaku-\u00fe\u014drr; hann er st\u0119rkastr allra gu\u00f0anna ok manna.\nHann \u0101 \u00fear r\u012bki er \u00der\u016b\u00f0-vangar heita, en h\u01ebll hans heitir [*]\nBilsk\u012brnir; \u012b \u00feeim sal eru fimm hundru\u00f0 g\u014dlfa ok fj\u014drir tigir;\n\u00feat er h\u016bs mest, sv\u0101 at m\u0119nn hafa g\u01eb\u0308rt. [*]\n\n\u00de\u014drr \u0101 hafra tv\u0101, er sv\u0101 heita, Tann-gnj\u014dstr ok Tann-\ngrisnir, ok rei\u00f0 \u00fe\u0101 er hann \u0119kr, en hafrarnir draga rei\u00f0ina;\n\u00fev\u012b er hann kalla\u00f0r \u01eaku\u00fe\u014drr.  Hann \u0101 ok \u00ferj\u0101 kost-gripi.\nEinn \u00feeira er hamarrinn Mj\u01ebllnir, er hr\u012bm-\u00feursar ok berg-\nrisar k\u0119nna, \u00fe\u0101 er hann k\u00f6mr \u0101 lopt, ok er \u00feat eigi undarligt:\nhann h\u0119fir lamit margan haus \u0101 f\u0119\u00f0rum e\u00f0a fr\u00e6ndum \u00feeira.\nAnnan grip \u0101 hann b\u0119ztan, m\u0119gin-gjar\u00f0ar; ok er hann\nsp\u0119nnir \u00feeim um sik, \u00fe\u0101 v\u0119x honum \u0101s-m\u0119gin h\u0101lfu.  En [*]\n\u00feri\u00f0ja hlut \u0101 hann \u00feann er mikill gripr er \u012b, \u00feat eru j\u0101rn-\ngl\u014dfar; \u00feeira m\u0101 hann eigi missa vi\u00f0 hamarskaptit.  En\nengi er sv\u0101 fr\u014d\u00f0r at t\u0119lja kunni \u01ebll st\u014dr-virki hans.\n\n\nII. THOR AND \u016aGAR\u00d0ALOKI\n\n\u00deat er upp-haf \u00feessa m\u0101ls at \u01eaku\u00fe\u014drr f\u014dr me\u00f0 hafra s\u012bna [*]\nok rei\u00f0, ok me\u00f0 honum s\u0101 \u0101ss er Loki er kalla\u00f0r; koma\n\u00feeir at kveldi til eins b\u014dnda ok f\u0101 \u00fear n\u0101tt-sta\u00f0.  En um\nkveldit t\u014dk \u00de\u014drr hafra s\u012bna, ok skar b\u0101\u00f0a; \u0119ptir \u00feat v\u0101ru\n\u00feeir fl\u0119gnir ok bornir til k\u0119tils; en er so\u00f0it var, \u00fe\u0101 s\u0119ttisk [*]\n\u00de\u014drr til n\u0101tt-ver\u00f0ar ok \u00feeir lags-m\u0119nn.  \u00de\u014drr bau\u00f0 til matar\nme\u00f0 s\u0113r b\u014dndanum, ok konu hans, ok b\u01ebrnum \u00feeira; sonr\nb\u014dnda h\u0113t \u00dej\u0101lfi, en R\u01ebskva d\u014dttir.  \u00de\u0101 lag\u00f0i \u00de\u014drr hafr-\nst\u01ebkurnar utar fr\u0101 eldinum, ok m\u00e6lti at b\u014dndi ok heima-m\u0119nn\nhans skyldu kasta \u0101 hafrst\u01ebkurnar beinunum.  \u00dej\u0101lfi, sonr\nb\u014dnda, helt \u0101 l\u00e6r-l\u0119gg hafrsins, ok spr\u0119tti \u0101 kn\u012bfi s\u012bnum, ok [*]\nbraut til m\u0119rgjar.  \u00de\u014drr dval\u00f0isk \u00fear of n\u0101ttina; en \u012b \u014dttu [*]\nfyrir dag st\u014d\u00f0 hann upp, ok kl\u00e6ddi sik, t\u014dk hamarinn\nMj\u01ebllni ok br\u0101 upp, ok v\u012bg\u00f0i hafrst\u01ebkurnar; st\u014d\u00f0u \u00fe\u0101 upp\nhafrarnir, ok var \u00fe\u0101 annarr haltr \u0119ptra f\u0153ti.  \u00deat fann \u00de\u014drr,\nok tal\u00f0i at b\u014dndinn e\u00f0a hans hj\u014dn mundi eigi skynsamliga\nhafa farit me\u00f0 beinum hafrsins: k\u0119nnir hann at brotinn var\nl\u00e6rl\u0119ggrinn.  Eigi \u00fearf langt fr\u0101 \u00fev\u012b at s\u0119gja: vita m\u0119gu \u00feat\nallir hv\u0119rsu hr\u00e6ddr b\u014dndinn mundi vera, er hann s\u0101 at \u00de\u014drr\nl\u0113t s\u012bga br\u0233nnar ofan fyrir augun; en \u00feat er s\u0101 augnanna, [*]\n\u00fe\u0101 hug\u00f0isk hann falla mundu fyrir sj\u014dninni einni samt; hann [*]\nh\u0119r\u00f0i h\u0119ndrnar at hamar-skaptinu sv\u0101 at hv\u012btnu\u00f0u kn\u016barnir.\nEn b\u014dndinn g\u01eb\u0308r\u00f0i sem v\u0101n var, ok \u01ebll hj\u014dnin: k\u01ebllu\u00f0u \u0101ka-\nfliga, b\u0101\u00f0u s\u0113r fri\u00f0ar, bu\u00f0u at fyrir kv\u00e6mi alt \u00feat er \u00feau\n\u0101ttu.  En er hann s\u0101 hr\u00e6zlu \u00feeira, \u00fe\u0101 gekk af honum\nm\u014d\u00f0rinn, ok sefa\u00f0isk hann; ok t\u014dk af \u00feeim \u012b s\u00e6tt b\u01ebrn\n\u00feeira, \u00dej\u0101lfa ok R\u01ebsku, ok g\u01eb\u0308r\u00f0usk \u00feau \u00fe\u0101 skyldir \u00fej\u014dnustu-\nm\u0119nn \u00de\u014drs, ok fylgja \u00feau honum jafnan s\u012b\u00f0an.\n\nL\u0113t hann \u00fear \u0119ptir hafra, ok byrja\u00f0i f\u0119r\u00f0ina austr \u012b\nJ\u01ebtun-heima, ok alt til hafsins; ok \u00fe\u0101 f\u014dr hann \u016bt yfir\nhafit \u00feat it dj\u016bpa; en er hann kom til lands, \u00fe\u0101 gekk hann\nupp, ok me\u00f0 honum Loki, ok \u00dej\u0101lfi, ok R\u01ebskva.  \u00de\u0101 er \u00feau\nh\u01ebf\u00f0u l\u012btla hr\u012b\u00f0 g\u0119ngit, var\u00f0 fyrir \u00feeim m\u01ebrk st\u014dr; gengu\n\u00feau \u00feann dag allan til myrkrs.  \u00dej\u0101lfi var allra manna [*]\nf\u014dt-hvatastr; hann bar k\u0233l \u00de\u014drs, en til vista var eigi gott.\n\u00de\u0101 er myrkt var or\u00f0it, leitu\u00f0u \u00feeir s\u0113r til n\u0101ttsta\u00f0ar, ok [*]\nfundu fyrir s\u0113r sk\u0101la nakkvarn mj\u01ebk mikinn, v\u0101ru dyrr \u0101\n\u0119nda, ok jafn-brei\u00f0ar sk\u0101lanum; \u00fear leitu\u00f0u \u00feeir s\u0113r n\u0101tt-\nb\u014dls.  En of mi\u00f0ja n\u0101tt var\u00f0 land-skj\u0101lfti mikill, gekk j\u01ebr\u00f0in\nundir \u00feeim skykkjum, ok skalf h\u016bsit.  \u00de\u0101 st\u014d\u00f0 \u00de\u014drr upp, ok\nh\u0113t \u0101 lagsm\u0119nn s\u012bna; ok leitu\u00f0usk fyrir, ok fundu af-h\u016bs til\nh\u0153gri handar i mi\u00f0jum sk\u0101lanum, ok gengu \u00feannig; s\u0119ttisk\n\u00de\u014drr \u012b dyrrin, en \u01ebnnur \u00feau v\u0101ru innar fr\u0101 honum, ok v\u0101ru\n\u00feau hr\u00e6dd, en \u00de\u014drr helt hamarskaptinu, ok hug\u00f0i at v\u0119rja\nsik; \u00fe\u0101 heyr\u00f0u \u00feau ym mikinn ok gn\u0233.  En er kom at\ndagan, \u00fe\u0101 gekk \u00de\u014drr \u016bt, ok s\u0113r hvar l\u0101 ma\u00f0r skamt fr\u0101 [*]\nhonum \u012b sk\u014dginum, ok var s\u0101 eigi l\u012btill; hann svaf, ok hraut\nst\u0119rkliga.  \u00de\u0101 \u00fe\u014dttisk \u00de\u014drr skiIja hvat l\u0101tum verit haf\u00f0i of\nn\u0101ttina; hann sp\u0119nnir sik m\u0119gingj\u01ebr\u00f0um, ok \u014dx honum\n\u0101sm\u0119gin; en \u012b \u00fev\u012b vaknar ma\u00f0r s\u0101, ok st\u014d\u00f0 skj\u014dtt upp; en\n\u00fe\u0101 er sagt at \u00de\u014dr var\u00f0 bilt einu sinni at sl\u0101 hann me\u00f0 ham- [*]\nrinum; ok spur\u00f0i hann at nafni, en s\u0101 n\u0119fndisk Skr\u0233mir: [*]\n'en eigi \u00fearf ek,' sag\u00f0i hann, 'at spyrja \u00feik at nafni: k\u0119nni\nek at \u00fe\u016b ert \u0100sa\u00fe\u014drr; en hv\u0101rt h\u0119fir \u00fe\u016b dr\u0119git \u0101 braut hanzka\nminn?'  Seildisk \u00fe\u0101 Skr\u0233mir til, ok t\u014dk upp hanzka sinn;\ns\u0113r \u00de\u014drr \u00fe\u0101 at \u00feat haf\u00f0i hann haft of n\u0101ttina fyrir sk\u0101la, en\nafh\u016bsit \u00feat var \u00feumlungrinn hanzkans.  Skr\u0233mir spur\u00f0i ef\n\u00de\u014drr vildi hafa f\u01ebru-neyti hans, en \u00de\u014drr j\u0101tti \u00fev\u012b.  \u00de\u0101 t\u014dk\nSkr\u0233mir ok leysti nestbagga sinn, ok bj\u014dsk til at eta d\u01ebgur\u00f0,\nen \u00de\u014drr \u012b \u01eb\u00f0rum sta\u00f0 ok hans f\u0113lagar.  Skr\u0233mir bau\u00f0 \u00fe\u0101 at\n\u00feeir l\u0119g\u00f0i m\u01ebtu-neyti sitt, en \u00de\u014drr j\u0101tti \u00fev\u012b; \u00fe\u0101 batt Skr\u0233mir\nnest \u00feeira alt \u012b einn bagga, ok lag\u00f0i \u0101 bak s\u0113r; hann gekk\nfyrir of daginn, ok steig h\u0119ldr st\u014drum, en s\u012b\u00f0an at kveldi\nleita\u00f0i Skr\u0233mir \u00feeim n\u0101ttsta\u00f0ar undir eik nakkvarri mikilli.\n\u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti Skr\u0233mir til \u00de\u014drs at hann vill l\u0119ggjask ni\u00f0r at\nsofna; 'en \u00fe\u0113r taki\u00f0 nest-baggann, ok b\u016bi\u00f0 til n\u0101tt-ver\u00f0ar [*]\ny\u00f0r.'  \u00dev\u012b n\u00e6st sofnar Skr\u0233mir, ok hraut fast; en \u00de\u014drr t\u014dk\nnest-baggann ok skal leysa; en sv\u0101 er at s\u0119gja, sem \u016b-tr\u016bligt\nmun \u00feykkja, at engi kn\u016bt fekk hann leyst, ok engi \u0101lar-\n\u0119ndann hreyft, sv\u0101 at \u00fe\u0101 v\u00e6ri lausari en \u0101\u00f0r.  Ok er hann\ns\u0113r at \u00feetta verk m\u0101 eigi n\u0233task, \u00fe\u0101 var\u00f0 hann rei\u00f0r, greip\n\u00fe\u0101 hamarinn Mj\u01ebllni tveim h\u01ebndum, ok steig fram \u01eb\u00f0rum\nf\u0153ti at \u00fear er Skr\u0233mir l\u0101, ok l\u0233str \u012b h\u01ebfu\u00f0 honum; en\nSkr\u0233mir vaknar, ok spyrr hv\u0101rt laufs-bla\u00f0 nakkvat felli \u012b\nh\u01ebfu\u00f0 honum, e\u00f0a hv\u0101rt \u00feeir h\u0119f\u00f0i \u00fe\u0101 matazk, ok s\u0113 b\u016bnir\ntil r\u0119kkna.  \u00de\u014drr s\u0119gir at \u00feeir munu \u00fe\u0101 sofa ganga.  Ganga\n\u00feau \u00fe\u0101 undir a\u00f0ra eik.  Er \u00feat \u00fe\u0113r satt at s\u0119gja, at ekki var [*]\n\u00fe\u0101 \u014dttalaust at sofa.  En at mi\u00f0ri n\u0101tt \u00fe\u0101 heyrir \u00de\u014drr at\nSkr\u0233mir hr\u0233tr, ok s\u00f6fr fast, sv\u0101 at dunar \u012b sk\u014dginum.  \u00de\u0101\nst\u0119ndr hann upp, ok g\u0119ngr til hans, rei\u00f0ir hamarinn t\u012btt ok\nhart, ok l\u0233str ofan \u012b mi\u00f0jan hvirfil honum; hann k\u0119nnir at\nhamars-mu\u00f0rinn s\u00f6kkr dj\u016bpt \u012b h\u01ebfu\u00f0it.  En \u012b \u00fev\u012b bili vaknar\nSkr\u0233mir, ok m\u00e6lti: 'hvat er n\u016b? fell akarn nakkvat \u012b h\u01ebfu\u00f0\nm\u0113r? e\u00f0a hvat er t\u012btt um \u00feik, \u00de\u014drr?'  En \u00de\u014drr gekk aptr\nskyndiliga, ok svarar at hann var \u00fe\u0101 n\u0233vakna\u00f0r, sag\u00f0i at \u00fe\u0101\nvar mi\u00f0 n\u0101tt, ok enn v\u00e6ri m\u0101l at sofa.  \u00de\u0101 hugsa\u00f0i \u00de\u014drr \u00feat,\nef hann kv\u00e6mi sv\u0101 \u012b f\u0153ri at sl\u0101 hann it \u00feri\u00f0ja h\u01ebgg, at aldri\nskyldi hann sj\u0101 sik s\u012b\u00f0an; liggr n\u016b ok g\u00e6tir ef Skr\u0233mir [*]\nsofna\u00f0i fast.  En l\u012btlu fyrir dagan \u00fe\u0101 heyrir hann at Skr\u0233mir\nmun sofnat hafa; st\u0119ndr \u00fe\u0101 upp, ok hleypr at honum, rei\u00f0ir\n\u00fe\u0101 hamarinn af \u01ebllu afli ok l\u0233str \u0101 \u00feunn-vangann \u00feann er\nupp vissi; s\u00f6kkr \u00fe\u0101 hamarrinn upp at skaptinu.  En Skr\u0233-\nmir s\u0119ttisk upp, ok strauk of vangann, ok m\u00e6lti: 'hv\u0101rt\nmunu fuglar nakkvarir sitja \u012b tr\u0113nu yfir m\u0113r? mik gruna\u00f0i,\ner ek vakna\u00f0a, at tros nakkvat af kvistunum felli \u012b h\u01ebfu\u00f0\nm\u0113r; hv\u0101rt vakir \u00fe\u016b, \u00de\u014drr?  M\u0101l mun vera upp at standa\nok kl\u00e6\u00f0ask, en ekki eigu \u00fe\u0113r n\u016b langa lei\u00f0 fram til borgar-\ninnar er k\u01ebllu\u00f0 er \u016at-gar\u00f0r.  Heyrt h\u0119fi ek at \u00fe\u0113r hafi\u00f0\nkvisat \u012b milli y\u00f0var at ek v\u00e6ra ekki l\u012btill ma\u00f0r v\u0119xti, en sj\u0101\nskulu \u00fe\u0113r \u00fear st\u0153rri m\u0119nn, er \u00fe\u0113r komi\u00f0 \u012b \u016atgar\u00f0.  N\u016b mun\nek r\u0101\u00f0a y\u00f0r heil-r\u00e6\u00f0i: l\u0101ti \u00fe\u0113r eigi st\u014drliga yfir y\u00f0r, ekki\nmunu hir\u00f0m\u0119nn \u016atgar\u00f0a-loka vel \u00feola \u00fev\u012bl\u012bkum k\u01ebgur-\nsveinum k\u01ebpur-yr\u00f0i; en at \u01eb\u00f0rum kosti hverfi\u00f0 aptr, ok\n\u00feann \u00e6tla ek y\u00f0r b\u0119tra af at taka.  En ef \u00fe\u0113r vili\u00f0 fram [*]\nfara, \u00fe\u0101 st\u0119fni \u00fe\u0113r \u012b austr, en ek \u0101 n\u016b nor\u00f0r lei\u00f0 til fjalla\n\u00feessa er n\u016b munu \u00fe\u0113r sj\u0101 mega.'  T\u0119kr Skr\u0233mir nest-bag-\ngarm, ok kastar \u0101 bak s\u0113r, ok sn\u0233r \u00fev\u0119rs \u0101 braut \u012b sk\u014dginn\nfr\u0101 \u00feeim, ok er \u00feess eigi getit at \u00e6sirnir b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fe\u0101 heila [*]\nhittask.\n\n\u00de\u014drr f\u014dr fram \u0101 lei\u00f0 ok \u00feeir f\u0113lagar, ok gekk fram til mi\u00f0s\ndags; \u00fe\u0101 s\u0101 \u00feeir borg standa \u0101 v\u01ebllum n\u01ebkkurum, ok s\u0119ttu [*]\nhnakkann \u0101 bak s\u0113r aptr, \u0101\u00f0r \u00feeir fengu s\u0113t yfir upp; ganga\ntil borgarinnar, ok var grind fyri borg-hli\u00f0inu, ok lokin aptr.\n\u00de\u014drr gekk \u0101 grindina, ok fekk eigi upp lokit; en er \u00feeir\n\u00fereyttu at komask \u012b borgina, \u00fe\u0101 smugu \u00feeir milli spalanna\nok k\u014dmu sv\u0101 inn; s\u0101 \u00fe\u0101 h\u01ebll mikla, ok gengu \u00feannig; var\nhur\u00f0in opin; \u00fe\u0101 gengu \u00feeir inn, ok s\u0101 \u00fear marga m\u0119nn\n\u0101 tv\u0101 b\u0119kki, ok flesta \u0153rit st\u014dra.  \u00dev\u012b n\u00e6st koma \u00feeir fyrir [*]\nkonunginn, \u016atgar\u00f0aloka, ok kv\u01ebddu hann, en hann leit seint\ntil \u00feeira, ok glotti um t\u01ebnn, ok m\u00e6lti: 'seint er um langan [*]\nveg at spyrja t\u012b\u00f0inda, e\u00f0a er annan veg en ek hygg, at \u00feessi [*]\nsvein-stauli s\u0113 \u01eaku\u00fe\u014drr? en meiri muntu vera en m\u0113r l\u012bzk\n\u00fe\u016b; e\u00f0a hvat \u012b\u00fer\u014dtta er \u00feat er \u00fe\u0113r f\u0113lagar \u00feykkizk vera vi\u00f0\nb\u016bnir?  Engi skal h\u0113r vera me\u00f0 oss s\u0101 er eigi kunni nakkvars\nkonar list e\u00f0a kunnandi um fram flesta m\u0119nn.'  \u00de\u0101 s\u0119gir s\u0101\ner s\u012b\u00f0ast gekk, er Loki heitir: 'kann ek \u00fe\u0101 \u012b\u00fer\u014dtt, er ek em\nal-b\u016binn at reyna, at engi er h\u0113r s\u0101 inni er skj\u014dtara skal eta [*]\nmat sinn en ek.'  \u00de\u0101 svarar \u016atgar\u00f0aloki: '\u012b\u00fer\u014dtt er \u00feat, ef\n\u00fe\u016b \u0119fnir, ok freista skal \u00fe\u0101 \u00feessar \u012b\u00fer\u014dttar;' kalla\u00f0i utar \u0101 [*]\nb\u0119kkinn at s\u0101 er Logi heitir skal ganga \u0101 g\u014dlf fram, ok freista\ns\u012bn \u012b m\u014dti Loka.  \u00de\u0101 var t\u0119kit trog eitt, ok borit inn \u0101 hallar-\ng\u014dlfit, ok fylt af sl\u0101tri; s\u0119ttisk Loki at \u01eb\u00f0rum \u0119nda, en Logi\nat \u01eb\u00f0rum, ok \u0101t hv\u0101rr-tv\u0119ggja sem t\u012b\u00f0ast, ok m\u0153ttusk \u012b mi\u00f0ju\ntroginu; haf\u00f0i \u00fe\u0101 Loki etit sl\u0101tr alt af beinum, en Logi haf\u00f0i\nok etit sl\u0101tr alt ok beinin me\u00f0, ok sv\u0101 trogit; ok s\u0233ndisk n\u016b\n\u01ebllum sem Loki h\u0119f\u00f0i l\u0101tit leikinn.  \u00de\u0101 spyrr \u016atgar\u00f0aloki\nhvat s\u0101 inn ungi ma\u00f0r kunni leika.  En \u00dej\u0101lfi s\u0119gir at hann\nmun freista at r\u0119nna skei\u00f0 n\u01ebkkur vi\u00f0 einn-hv\u0119rn \u00feann er\n\u016atgar\u00f0aloki f\u00e6r til.  Hann s\u0119gir, \u016atgar\u00f0aloki, at \u00feetta er\ng\u014d\u00f0 \u012b\u00fer\u014dtt, ok kallar \u00feess meiri v\u0101n at hann s\u0113 vel at s\u0113r [*]\nb\u016binn of skj\u014dtleikinn, ef hann skal \u00feessa \u012b\u00fer\u014dtt inna; en \u00fe\u014d\nl\u00e6tr hann skj\u014dtt \u00feessa skulu freista.  St\u0119ndr \u00fe\u0101 upp \u016atgar\u00f0a-\nloki, ok g\u0119ngr \u016bt, ok var \u00fear gott skei\u00f0 at r\u0119nna \u0119ptir sl\u0113ttum\nv\u0119lli.  \u00de\u0101 kallar \u016atgar\u00f0aloki til s\u012bn sveinstaula nakkvarn, er\nn\u0119fndr er Hugi, ok ba\u00f0 hann r\u0119nna \u012b k\u01ebpp vi\u00f0 \u00dej\u0101lfa.  \u00de\u0101\ntaka \u00feeir it fyrsta skei\u00f0, ok er Hugi \u00fev\u012b framar at hann\nsn\u0233sk aptr \u012b m\u014dti honum at skei\u00f0s \u0119nda.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u016atgar\u00f0a-\nloki: '\u00feurfa muntu, \u00dej\u0101lfi, at l\u0119ggja \u00feik meir fram, ef \u00fe\u016b\nskalt vinna leikinn; en \u00fe\u014d er \u00feat satt, at ekki hafa h\u0113r komit\n\u00feeir m\u0119nn er m\u0113r \u00feykkja f\u014dthvatari en sv\u0101.'  \u00de\u0101 taka \u00feeir [*]\naptr annat skei\u00f0, ok \u00fe\u0101 er Hugi er kominn til skei\u00f0s \u0119nda,\nok hann sn\u0233sk aptr, \u00fe\u0101 var langt k\u014dlf-skot til \u00dej\u0101lfa.  \u00de\u0101\nm\u00e6lti \u016atgar\u00f0aloki: 'vel \u00feykkir m\u0113r \u00dej\u0101lfi r\u0119nna; en eigi\ntr\u016bi ek honum n\u016b at hann vinni leikinn, en n\u016b mun reyna,\ner \u00feeir r\u0119nna it \u00feri\u00f0ja skei\u00f0it.'  \u00de\u0101 taka \u00feeir \u0119nn skei\u00f0; en\ner Hugi er kominn til skei\u00f0s \u0119nda ok sn\u0233sk aptr, ok er [*]\n\u00dej\u0101lfi eigi \u00fe\u0101 kominn \u0101 mitt skei\u00f0it; \u00fe\u0101 s\u0119gja allir at reynt\ner um \u00feenna leik.  \u00de\u0101 spyrr \u016atgar\u00f0aloki \u00de\u014dr, hvat \u00feeira\n\u012b\u00fer\u014dtta mun vera er hann muni vilja birta fyrir \u00feeim, sv\u0101\nmiklar s\u01ebgur sem m\u0119nn hafa g\u01eb\u0308rt um st\u014drvirki hans.  \u00de\u0101\nm\u00e6lti \u00de\u014drr at h\u0119lzt vill hann \u00feat taka til, at \u00fereyta drykkju\nvi\u00f0 einnhv\u0119rn mann.  \u016atgar\u00f0aloki s\u0119gir at \u00feat m\u0101 vel vera;\nok g\u0119ngr inn \u012b h\u01ebllina, ok kallar skutil-svein sinn, bi\u00f0r at\nhann taki v\u012btis-horn \u00feat, er hir\u00f0m\u0119nn eru vanir at drekka af.\n\u00dev\u012b n\u00e6st k\u00f6mr fram skutilsveinn me\u00f0 horninu, ok f\u00e6r \u00de\u014dr \u012b\nh\u01ebnd.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u016atgar\u00f0aloki: 'af horni \u00feessu \u00feykkir \u00fe\u0101\nvel drukkit, ef \u012b einum drykk g\u0119ngr af, en sumir m\u0119nn\ndrekka af \u012b tveim drykkjum, en engi er sv\u0101 l\u012btill drykkju-\nma\u00f0r, at eigi gangi af \u012b \u00ferimr.'  \u00de\u014drr l\u012btr \u0101 hornit, ok s\u0233nisk\nekki mikit, ok er \u00fe\u014d h\u0119ldr langt, en hann er mj\u01ebk \u00feyrstr;\nt\u0119kr at drekka, ok svelgr allst\u014drum, ok hyggr at eigi skal\n\u00feurfa at l\u016bta optar at sinni \u012b hornit.  En er hann \u00feraut [*]\n\u00f6rindit, ok hann laut \u014dr horninu, ok s\u0113r hvat lei\u00f0 drykkinum, [*]\nok l\u012bzk honum sv\u0101, sem all-l\u012btill munr mun vera at n\u016b s\u0113\nl\u00e6gra \u012b horninu en \u0101\u00f0r.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u016atgar\u00f0aloki: 'vel er\ndrukkit, ok eigi til mikit; eigi munda-k tr\u016ba, ef m\u0113r v\u00e6ri\nsagt fr\u0101, at \u0100sa\u00fe\u014drr mundi eigi meira drykk drekka; en\n\u00fe\u014d veit ek at \u00fe\u016b munt vilja drekka af \u012b \u01eb\u00f0rum drykk.'\n\u00de\u014drr svarar engu, s\u0119tr hornit \u0101 munn s\u0113r, ok hyggr n\u016b at\nhann skal drekka meira drykk, ok \u00fereytir \u0101 drykkjuna, sem\nhonum vannsk til \u00f6rindi, ok s\u0113r \u0119nn at stikillinn hornsins\nvill ekki upp sv\u0101 mj\u01ebk sem honum l\u012bkar; ok er hann t\u014dk\nhornit af munni s\u0113r ok s\u0113r, l\u012bzk honum n\u016b sv\u0101, sem minna\nhafi \u00feorrit en \u012b inu fyrra sinni; er n\u016b gott beranda bor\u00f0\n\u0101 horninu.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u016atgar\u00f0aloki: 'hvat er n\u016b, \u00de\u014drr?\nmuntu n\u016b eigi sparask til eins drykkjar meira en \u00fe\u0113r mun\nhagr \u0101 vera?  Sv\u0101 l\u012bzk m\u0113r, ef \u00fe\u016b skalt n\u016b drekka af horninu\ninn \u00feri\u00f0ja drykkinn, sem \u00feessi mun mestr \u00e6tla\u00f0r; en ekki [*]\nmuntu mega h\u0113r me\u00f0 oss heita sv\u0101 mikill ma\u00f0r sem \u00e6sir\nkalla \u00feik, ef \u00fe\u016b g\u01eb\u0308rir eigi meira af \u00fe\u0113r um a\u00f0ra leika en m\u0113r\nl\u012bzk sem um \u00feenna mun vera.'  \u00de\u0101 var\u00f0 \u00de\u014drr rei\u00f0r, s\u0119tr\nhornit \u0101 munn s\u0113r, ok drekkr sem \u0101kafligast m\u0101 hann, ok\n\u00fereytir sem l\u0119ngst \u0101 drykkinn; en er hann s\u0101 \u012b hornit, \u00fe\u0101\nhaf\u00f0i n\u016b h\u0119lzt nakkvat munr \u0101 f\u0119ngizk, ok \u00fe\u0101 b\u0233\u00f0r hann upp\nhornit, ok vill eigi drekka meira.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u016atgar\u00f0aloki:\n'au\u00f0-s\u0113t er n\u016b at m\u0101ttr \u00feinn er ekki sv\u0101 mikill sem v\u0113r\nhug\u00f0um; en vill-tu freista um fleiri leika?  Sj\u0101 m\u0101 n\u016b, at\nekki n\u0233tir \u00fe\u016b h\u0113r af.'  \u00de\u014drr svarar: 'freista m\u0101 ek \u0119nn of\nnakkvara leika, en undarliga mundi m\u0113r \u00feykkja, \u00fe\u0101 er ek var\nheima me\u00f0 \u0101sum, ef \u00fev\u012bl\u012bkir drykkir v\u00e6ri sv\u0101 l\u012btlir kalla\u00f0ir.  En\nhvat leik vili \u00fe\u0113r n\u016b bj\u014d\u00f0a m\u0113r?'  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u016atgar\u00f0aloki: '\u00feat\ng\u01eb\u0308ra h\u0113r ungir sveinar er l\u012btit mark mun at \u00feykkja, at h\u0119fja\nupp af j\u01ebr\u00f0u k\u01ebtt minn; en eigi munda-k kunna at m\u00e6la\n\u00fev\u012bl\u012bkt vi\u00f0 \u0100sa\u00fe\u014dr, ef ek h\u0119f\u00f0a eigi s\u0113t fyrr at \u00fe\u016b ert miklu\nminni fyrir \u00fe\u0113r en ek hug\u00f0a.'  \u00dev\u012b n\u00e6st hlj\u014dp fram k\u01ebttr\neinn gr\u0101r \u0101 hallarg\u014dlfit, ok h\u0119ldr mikill; en \u00de\u014drr gekk til, ok\nt\u014dk h\u0119ndi sinni ni\u00f0r undir mi\u00f0jan kvi\u00f0inn, ok lypti upp, en\nk\u01ebttrinn beyg\u00f0i k\u0119nginn, sv\u0101 sem \u00de\u014drr r\u0113tti upp h\u01ebndina; en\ner \u00de\u014drr seildisk sv\u0101 langt upp sem hann m\u0101tti l\u0119ngst, \u00fe\u0101 l\u0113tti\nk\u01ebttrinn einum f\u0153ti, ok f\u00e6r \u00de\u014drr eigi framit \u00feenna leik.  \u00de\u0101\nm\u00e6lti \u016atgar\u00f0aloki: 'sv\u0101 f\u014dr \u00feessi leikr sem mik var\u00f0i;\nk\u01ebttrinn er h\u0119ldr mikill, en \u00de\u014drr er l\u0101gr ok l\u012btill hj\u0101 st\u014dr-\nm\u0119nni \u00fev\u012b sem h\u0113r er me\u00f0 oss.'  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u00de\u014drr: 'sv\u0101 l\u012btinn\nsem p\u0113r kalli\u00f0 mik, \u00fe\u0101 gangi n\u016b til einnhv\u0119rr, ok f\u0101isk vi\u00f0\nmik; n\u016b em ek rei\u00f0r.'  \u00de\u0101 svarar \u016atgar\u00f0aloki, ok litask um\n\u0101 b\u0119kkina, ok m\u00e6lti: 'eigi s\u0113 ek \u00feann mann h\u0113r inni, er\neigi mun l\u012btil-r\u00e6\u00f0i \u012b \u00feykkja at f\u0101sk vi\u00f0 \u00feik;' ok \u0119nn m\u00e6lti\nhann: 'sj\u0101m fyrst, kalli m\u0113r hingat k\u0119rlinguna, f\u014dstru m\u012bna [*]\n\u0118lli, ok f\u0101isk \u00de\u014drr vi\u00f0 hana, ef hann vill; f\u0119lt h\u0119fir hon \u00fe\u0101\nm\u0119nn er m\u0113r hafa litizk eigi \u016b-st\u0119rkligri en \u00de\u014drr er.'  \u00dev\u012b\nn\u00e6st gekk \u012b h\u01ebllina k\u0119rling ein g\u01ebmul.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u016atgar-\n\u00f0aloki, at hon skal taka fang vi\u00f0 \u0100sa\u00fe\u014dr.  Ekki er langt um.\nat g\u01eb\u0308ra: sv\u0101 f\u014dr fang \u00feat at \u00fev\u012b har\u00f0ara er \u00de\u014drr kn\u016b\u00f0isk at\nfanginu, \u00fev\u012b fastara st\u014d\u00f0 hon; \u00fe\u0101 t\u014dk k\u0119rling at leita til\n\u00ferag\u00f0a, ok var\u00f0 \u00de\u014drr \u00fe\u0101 lauss \u0101 f\u014dtum, ok v\u0101ru \u00fe\u00e6r svip-\ntingar all-har\u00f0ar, ok eigi l\u0119ngi \u0101\u00f0r en \u00de\u014drr fell \u0101 kn\u0113 \u01eb\u00f0rum\nf\u0153ti.  \u00de\u0101 gekk til \u016atgar\u00f0aloki, ba\u00f0 \u00feau h\u00e6tta fanginu, ok\nsag\u00f0i sv\u0101, at \u00de\u014drr mundi eigi \u00feurfa at bj\u014d\u00f0a fleirum m\u01ebnnum\nfang \u012b hans h\u01ebll; var \u00fe\u0101 ok li\u00f0it \u0101 n\u0101tt, v\u012bsa\u00f0i \u016atgar\u00f0aloki\n\u00de\u014dr ok \u00feeim f\u0113l\u01ebgum til s\u00e6tis, ok dv\u0119ljask \u00fear n\u0101tt-langt \u012b\ng\u014d\u00f0um fagna\u00f0i.\n\nEn at morgni, \u00feegar daga\u00f0i, st\u0119ndr \u00de\u014drr upp ok \u00feeir\nf\u0113lagar, kl\u00e6\u00f0a sik, ok eru b\u016bnir braut at ganga.  \u00de\u0101 kom\n\u00fear \u016atgar\u00f0aloki, ok l\u0113t s\u0119tja \u00feeim bor\u00f0; skorti \u00fe\u0101 eigi\ng\u014d\u00f0an fagna\u00f0, mat ok drykk.  En er \u00feeir hafa matazk, \u00fe\u0101\nsn\u016bask \u00feeir til f\u0119r\u00f0ar.  \u016atgar\u00f0aloki fylgir \u00feeim \u016bt, g\u0119ngr\nme\u00f0 \u00feeim braut \u014dr borginni; en at skilna\u00f0i \u00fe\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u016atgar-\n\u00f0aloki til \u00de\u014drs, ok spyrr hv\u0119rnig honum \u00feykkir f\u0119r\u00f0 s\u012bn\nor\u00f0in, e\u00f0a hv\u0101rt hann h\u0119fir hitt r\u012bkara mann nakkvarn en\nsik.  \u00de\u014drr svarar at eigi mun hann \u00feat s\u0119gja, at eigi hafi\nhann mikla \u016b-s\u0153m\u00f0 farit \u012b \u00feeira vi\u00f0-skiptum; 'en \u00fe\u014d veit [*]\nek at \u00fe\u0113r munu\u00f0 kalla mik l\u012btinn mann fyrir m\u0113r, ok uni ek\n\u00fev\u012b illa.'  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti \u016atgar\u00f0aloki: 'n\u016b skal s\u0119gja \u00fe\u0113r it sanna,\ner \u00fe\u016b ert \u016bt kominn \u014dr borginni--ok ef ek lifi ok mega-k\nr\u0101\u00f0a, \u00fe\u0101 skaltu aldri optar \u012b hana koma; ok \u00feat veit tr\u016ba\nm\u012bn, at aldri h\u0119f\u00f0ir \u00fe\u016b \u012b hana komit, ef ek h\u0119f\u00f0a vitat \u0101\u00f0r at\n\u00fe\u016b h\u0119f\u00f0ir sv\u0101 mikinn krapt me\u00f0 \u00fe\u0113r, ok \u00fe\u016b haf\u00f0ir sv\u0101 n\u00e6r\nhaft oss mikilli \u016b-f\u0153ru.  En sj\u014dn-hv\u0119rfingar h\u0119fi ek g\u01eb\u0308rt \u00fe\u0113r,\nsv\u0101 at fyrsta sinn, er ek fann \u00feik \u0101 sk\u014dginum, kom ek til\nfundar vi\u00f0 y\u00f0r; ok \u00fe\u0101 er \u00fe\u016b skyldir leysa nestbaggann, \u00fe\u0101\nhaf\u00f0a-k bundit me\u00f0 gres-j\u0101rni, en \u00fe\u016b fannt eigi hvar upp\nskyldi l\u016bka.  En \u00fev\u012b n\u00e6st laust \u00fe\u016b mik me\u00f0 hamrinum \u00ferj\u016b\nh\u01ebgg, ok var it fyrsta minst, ok var \u00fe\u014d sv\u0101 mikit, at m\u0113r\nmundi \u0119ndask til bana, ef \u0101 h\u0119f\u00f0i komit; en \u00fear er \u00fe\u016b s\u0101tt\nhj\u0101 h\u01ebll minni set-berg, ok \u00fear s\u0101tt-u ofan \u012b \u00ferj\u0101 dala fer-\nskeytta ok einn dj\u016bpastan, \u00feat v\u0101ru hamarspor \u00fein; setber-\nginu br\u0101 ek fyrir h\u01ebggin en eigi s\u0101tt \u00fe\u016b \u00feat.  Sv\u0101 var ok of\nleikana, er \u00fe\u0113r \u00fereyttu\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hir\u00f0m\u0119nn m\u012bna.  \u00de\u0101 var \u00feat it\nfyrsta, er Loki g\u01eb\u0308r\u00f0i; hann var mj\u01ebk soltinn, ok \u0101t t\u012btt; en\ns\u0101 er Logi h\u0113t, \u00feat var villi-eldr, ok br\u0119ndi hann eigi seinna\nsl\u0101trit en trogit.  En er \u00dej\u0101lfi \u00fereytti r\u0101sina vi\u00f0 \u00feann er\nHugi h\u0113t, \u00feat var hugi minn, ok var \u00dej\u0101lfa eigi v\u00e6nt at\n\u00fereyta skj\u014dt-f\u0153ri vi\u00f0 hann.  En er \u00fe\u016b drakkt af horninu, ok\n\u00fe\u014dtti \u00fe\u0113r seint l\u012b\u00f0a,--en \u00feat veit tr\u016ba m\u012bn, at \u00fe\u0101 var\u00f0 \u00feat\nundr, er ek munda eigi tr\u016ba at vera m\u00e6tti; annarr \u0119ndir\nhornsins var \u016bt \u012b hafi, en \u00feat s\u0101ttu eigi; en n\u016b, er \u00fe\u016b k\u00f6mr\ntil s\u00e6varins, \u00fe\u0101 mun-tu sj\u0101 mega, hv\u0119rn \u00feur\u00f0 \u00fe\u016b h\u0119fir drukkit\n\u0101 s\u00e6num.'  \u00deat eru n\u016b fj\u01ebrur kalla\u00f0ar.  Ok \u0119nn m\u00e6lti hann:\n'eigi \u00fe\u014dtti m\u0113r hitt minna vera vert, er \u00fe\u016b lyptir upp k\u0119t-\ntinum, ok \u00fe\u0113r satt at s\u0119gja, \u00fe\u0101 hr\u00e6ddusk allir \u00feeir er s\u0101,\ner \u00fe\u016b lyptir af j\u01ebr\u00f0u einum f\u0153tinum; en s\u0101 k\u01ebttr var eigi\nsem \u00fe\u0113r s\u0233ndisk; \u00feat var Mi\u00f0gar\u00f0s-ormr, er liggr um l\u01ebnd\n\u01ebll, ok vannsk honum varliga l\u0119ng\u00f0in til, at j\u01ebr\u00f0ina t\u0153ki\nspor\u00f0r ok h\u01ebfu\u00f0; ok sv\u0101 langt seildisk \u00fe\u016b upp at skamt var\n\u00fe\u0101 til himins.  En hitt var ok mikit undr um fangit, er \u00fe\u016b\nfekkzk vi\u00f0 \u0118lli; fyrir \u00fev\u012b at engi h\u0119fir s\u0101 or\u00f0it, ok engi\nmun ver\u00f0a, ef sv\u0101 gamall er at \u0119lli b\u012b\u00f0r, at eigi komi \u0119llin\n\u01ebllum til falls.  Ok er n\u016b \u00feat s\u0101tt at s\u0119gja, at v\u0113r munum\nskiljask, ok mun \u00fe\u0101 b\u0119tr hv\u0101rratv\u0119ggju handar at \u00fe\u0113r komi\u00f0\neigi optar mik at hitta; ek mun \u0119nn annat sinn v\u0119rja borg\nm\u012bna me\u00f0 \u00fev\u012bl\u012bkum v\u0113lum e\u00f0a \u01eb\u00f0rum, sv\u0101 at ekki vald munu\n\u00fe\u0113r \u0101 m\u0113r f\u0101.'  En er \u00de\u014drr heyr\u00f0i \u00feessa t\u01eblu, greip hann til\nhamarsins, ok breg\u00f0r \u0101 lopt; en er hann skal fram rei\u00f0a, \u00fe\u0101\ns\u0113r hann \u00fear hv\u0119rgi \u016atgar\u00f0aloka, ok \u00fe\u0101 sn\u0233sk hann aptr til\nborgarinnar, ok \u00e6tlask \u00fe\u0101 fyrir at brj\u014dta borgina; \u00fe\u0101 s\u0113r\nhann \u00fear v\u01ebllu v\u012b\u00f0a ok fagra, en enga borg.  Sn\u0233sk hann\n\u00fe\u0101 aptr, ok f\u0119rr lei\u00f0 sina, til \u00feess er hann kom aptr \u012b \u00der\u016b\u00f0-\nvanga.\n\n\nIII. BALDER\n\nAnnarr sonr \u014c\u00f0ins er Baldr, ok er fr\u0101 honum gott at\ns\u0119gja: hann er b\u0119ztr, ok hann lofa allir.  Hann er sv\u0101 fagr\n\u0101-litum ok bjartr sv\u0101 at l\u0233sir af honum; ok eitt gras er sv\u0101\nhv\u012btt at jafnat er til Baldrs br\u0101r, \u00feat er allra grasa hv\u012btast;\nok \u00fear \u0119ptir m\u0101ttu marka hans f\u0119gr\u00f0, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u0101 h\u0101r ok \u0101 l\u012bki;\nhann er vitrastr \u0101sanna, ok f\u0119grstr tali\u00f0r ok l\u012bknsamastr.  En\ns\u016b n\u0101tt\u016bra fylgir honum at engi m\u0101 haldask d\u014dmr hans. [*]\nHann b\u0233r \u00fear sem heitir Brei\u00f0a-blik, \u00feat er \u0101 himni; \u012b \u00feeim\nsta\u00f0 m\u0101 ekki vera \u016b-hreint, sv\u0101 sem h\u0113r s\u0119gir:\n\n    Brei\u00f0ablik heita,     \u00fear er Baldr h\u0119fir\n        s\u0113r of g\u01eb\u0308rva sali;\n    \u012b \u00fev\u012b landi      er ek liggja veit\n        f\u00e6sta feikn-stafi.\n\n\nIV. THE DEATH OF BALDER\n\n\u00deat er upphaf \u00feessar s\u01ebgu, at Baldr inn g\u014d\u00f0a dreym\u00f0i\ndrauma st\u014dra ok h\u00e6ttliga um l\u012bf sitt.  En er hann sag\u00f0i\n\u0101sunum draumana, \u00fe\u0101 b\u0101ru \u00feeir saman r\u0101\u00f0 s\u012bn, ok var \u00feat\ng\u01eb\u0308rt at bei\u00f0a gri\u00f0a Baldri fyrir alls konar h\u0101ska; ok Frigg\nt\u014dk svardaga til \u00feess, at eira skyldu Baldri eldr ok vatn, j\u0101rn\nok alls konar m\u0101lmr, steinar, j\u01ebr\u00f0in, vi\u00f0irnir, s\u014dttirnar, d\u0233rin,\nfuglarnir, eitr, ormar.  En er \u00feetta var g\u01eb\u0308rt ok vitat, \u00fe\u0101 var\n\u00feat sk\u0119mtun Baldrs ok \u0101sanna at hann skyldi standa upp \u0101\n\u00feingum, en allir a\u00f0rir skyldu sumir skj\u014dta \u0101 hann, sumir\nh\u01ebggva til, sumir b\u0119rja grj\u014dti.  En hvat sem at var g\u01eb\u0308rt,\nsaka\u00f0i hann ekki, ok \u00fe\u014dtti \u00feetta \u01ebllum mikill frami.  En er [*]\n\u00feetta s\u0101 Loki Laufeyjar-son, \u00fe\u0101 l\u012bka\u00f0i honum illa er Baldr\nsaka\u00f0i ekki.  Hann gekk til F\u0119n-salar til Friggjar, ok br\u0101\ns\u0113r \u012b konu l\u012bki; \u00fe\u0101 spyrr Frigg ef s\u016b kona vissi hvat \u00e6sir\nh\u01ebf\u00f0usk at \u0101 \u00feinginu.  Hon sag\u00f0i at allir skutu at Baldri,\nok \u00feat, at hann saka\u00f0i ekki.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti Frigg: 'eigi munu\nv\u0101pn e\u00f0a vi\u00f0ir granda Baldri; ei\u00f0a h\u0119fi ek \u00fe\u0119git af \u01ebllum\n\u00feeim.'  \u00de\u0101 spyrr konan: 'hafa allir hlutir ei\u00f0a unnit at eira\nBaldri?'  \u00de\u0101 svarar Frigg: 'v\u0119x vi\u00f0ar-teinungr einn fyrir\nvestan Val-h\u01ebll; s\u0101 er Mistilteinn kalla\u00f0r; s\u0101 \u00fe\u014dtti m\u0113r ungr [*]\nat kr\u0119fja ei\u00f0sins.'  \u00dev\u012b n\u00e6st hvarf konan \u0101 braut; en Loki\nt\u014dk Mistiltein ok sleit upp, ok gekk til \u00feings.  En H\u01eb\u00f0r st\u014d\u00f0\nutarliga \u012b mannhringinum, \u00fev\u012b at hann var blindr.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti\nLoki vi\u00f0 hann: 'hv\u012b sk\u0233tr \u00fe\u016b ekki at Baldri?'  Hann svarar:\n'\u00fev\u012b at ek s\u0113 eigi, hvar Baldr er, ok \u00feat annat, at ek em\nvapnlauss.'  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti Loki: 'g\u01eb\u0308r-\u00f0u \u00fe\u014d \u012b l\u012bking annarra,\nmanna, ok veit Baldri s\u0153m\u00f0 sem a\u00f0rir m\u0119nn; ek mun v\u012bsa\n\u00fe\u0113r til, hvar hann st\u0119ndr; skj\u014dt at honum v\u0119ndi \u00feessum.'\nH\u01eb\u00f0r t\u014dk Mistiltein, ok skaut at Baldri at tilv\u012bsun Loka;\nflaug skotit \u012b g\u0119gnum hann, ok fell hann dau\u00f0r til jar\u00f0ar; ok\nh\u0119fir \u00feat mest \u016b-happ verit unnit me\u00f0 go\u00f0um ok m\u01ebnnum. [*]\n\u00de\u0101 er Baldr var fallinn, \u00fe\u0101 fellusk \u01ebllum \u0101sum or\u00f0-t\u01ebk, ok\nsv\u0101 h\u0119ndr at taka til hans; ok s\u0101 hv\u0119rr til annars, ok v\u0101ru [*]\nallir me\u00f0 einum hug til \u00feess er unnit haf\u00f0i verkit; en engi\nm\u0101tti h\u0119fna: \u00fear var sv\u0101 mikill gri\u00f0a-sta\u00f0r.  En \u00fe\u0101 er\n\u00e6sirnir freistu\u00f0u at m\u00e6la, \u00fe\u0101 var hitt \u00fe\u014d fyrr, at gr\u0101trinn [*]\nkom upp, sv\u0101 at engi m\u0101tti \u01eb\u00f0rum s\u0119gja me\u00f0 or\u00f0unum fr\u0101\ns\u012bnum harmi.  En \u014c\u00f0inn bar \u00feeim mun v\u0119rst \u00feenna ska\u00f0a,\nsem hann kunni mesta skyn, hv\u0119rsu mikil af-taka ok missa\n\u0101sunum var \u012b fr\u0101-falli Baldrs.  En er go\u00f0in vitku\u00f0usk, \u00fe\u0101\nm\u00e6lti Frigg ok spur\u00f0i, hv\u0119rr s\u0101 v\u00e6ri me\u00f0 \u0101sum, er eignask\nvildi allar \u0101stir hennar ok hylli, ok vili hann r\u012b\u00f0a \u0101 h\u0119l-veg [*]\nok freista ef hann f\u0101i fundit Baldr, ok bj\u014d\u00f0a H\u0119lju \u016bt-lausn,\nef hon vill l\u0101ta fara Baldr heim \u012b \u0100s-gar\u00f0.  En s\u0101 er n\u0119fndr\nH\u0119rm\u014d\u00f0r inn hvati, sonr \u014c\u00f0ins, er til \u00feeirar farar var\u00f0.  \u00de\u0101\nvar t\u0119kinn Sleipnir, hestr \u014c\u00f0ins, ok leiddr fram, ok steig\nH\u0119rm\u014d\u00f0r \u0101 \u00feann hest, ok hleyp\u00f0i braut.\n\nEn \u00e6sirnir t\u014dku l\u012bk Baldrs ok fluttu til s\u00e6var.  Hring-\nhorni h\u0113t skip Baldrs, hann var allra skipa mestr; hann\nvildu go\u00f0in fram s\u0119tja, ok g\u01eb\u0308ra \u00fear \u0101 b\u0101l-f\u01ebr Baldrs; en\nskipit gekk hv\u0119rgi fram.  \u00de\u0101 var s\u0119nt \u012b J\u01ebtunheima \u0119ptir\ng\u0233gi \u00feeiri er Hyrrokin h\u0113t; en er hon kom, ok rei\u00f0 vargi,\nok haf\u00f0i h\u01ebgg-orm at taumum, \u00fe\u0101 hlj\u014dp hon af hestinum,\nen \u014c\u00f0inn kalla\u00f0i til ber-s\u0119rki fj\u014dra at g\u00e6ta hestsins, ok fengu\n\u00feeir eigi haldit, nema \u00feeir f\u0119ldi hann.  \u00de\u0101 gekk Hyrrokin \u0101 [*]\nfram-stafn n\u01ebkkvans, ok hratt fram \u012b fyrsta vi\u00f0-brag\u00f0i, sv\u0101\nat eldr hraut \u014dr hlunnunum, ok l\u01ebnd \u01ebll skulfu.  \u00de\u0101 var\u00f0\n\u00de\u014drr rei\u00f0r, ok greip hamarinn, ok mundi \u00fe\u0101 brj\u014dta h\u01ebfu\u00f0\nh\u0119nnar, \u0101\u00f0r en go\u00f0in \u01ebll b\u0101\u00f0u h\u0119nni fri\u00f0ar.  \u00de\u0101 var borit\n\u016bt \u0101 skipit l\u012bk Baldrs; ok er \u00feat s\u0101 kona hans, Nanna, Neps\nd\u014dttir, \u00fe\u0101 sprakk hon af harmi, ok d\u014d; var hon borin \u0101\nb\u0101lit, ok sl\u0119git \u012b eldi.  \u00de\u0101 st\u014d\u00f0 \u00de\u014drr at, ok v\u012bg\u00f0i b\u0101lit me\u00f0\nMj\u01ebllni; en fyrir f\u014dtum hans rann dvergr nakkvarr, s\u0101 er\nLitr n\u0119fndr; en \u00de\u014drr spyrndi f\u0153ti s\u012bnum \u0101 hann, ok hratt\nhonum \u012b eldinn, ok brann hann.  En at \u00feessi br\u0119nnu s\u014dtti\nmargs konar \u00fej\u014d\u00f0: fyrst at s\u0119gja fr\u0101 \u014c\u00f0ni, at me\u00f0 honum\nf\u014dr Frigg ok valkyrjur ok hrafnar hans; en Freyr \u014dk \u012b k\u0119rru\nme\u00f0 g\u0119lti \u00feeim er Gullin-bursti heitir e\u00f0a Sl\u012b\u00f0rug-tanni; en\nHeimdallr rei\u00f0 hesti \u00feeim er Gull-toppr heitir; en Freyja\nk\u01ebttum s\u012bnum.  \u00dear k\u00f6mr ok mikit f\u014dlk hr\u012bm\u00feursa, ok berg-\nrisar.  \u014c\u00f0inn lag\u00f0i \u0101 b\u0101lit gullhring \u00feann er Draupnir\nheitir; honum fylg\u00f0i s\u012b\u00f0an s\u016b n\u0101tt\u016bra, at hina n\u012bundu hv\u0119rja\nn\u0101tt drupu af honum \u0101tta gullhringar jafn-h\u01ebfgir.  Hestr\nBaldrs var leiddr \u0101 b\u0101lit me\u00f0 \u01ebllu rei\u00f0i.\n\nEn \u00feat er at s\u0119gja fr\u0101 H\u0119rm\u014d\u00f0i, at hann rei\u00f0 n\u012bu n\u00e6tr\nd\u00f6kkva dala ok dj\u016bpa, sv\u0101 at hann s\u0101 ekki, fyrr en hann\nkom til \u0101rinnar Gjallar, ok rei\u00f0 \u0101 Gjallar-br\u016bna; hon er\n\u00fe\u01ebk\u00f0 l\u0233si-gulli.  M\u014d\u00f0gu\u00f0r er n\u0119fnd m\u00e6r s\u016b er g\u00e6tir br\u016bar-\ninnar; hon spur\u00f0i hann at nafni e\u00f0a \u00e6tt, ok sag\u00f0i at hinn\nfyrra dag ri\u00f0u um br\u016bna fimm fylki dau\u00f0ra manna; 'en eigi\ndynr br\u016bin minnr undir einum \u00fe\u0113r, ok eigi h\u0119fir \u00fe\u016b lit dau\u00f0ra\nmanna; hv\u012b r\u012b\u00f0r \u00fe\u016b h\u0113r \u0101 h\u0119lveg?'  Hann svarar at 'ek\nskal r\u012b\u00f0a til h\u0119ljar at leita Baldrs, e\u00f0a hv\u0101rt h\u0119fir \u00fe\u016b nakkvat\ns\u0113t Baldr \u0101 h\u0119lvegi?'  En hon sag\u00f0i at Baldr haf\u00f0i \u00fear\nri\u00f0it um Gjallarbr\u016b; 'en ni\u00f0r ok nor\u00f0r liggr h\u0119lvegr.'  \u00de\u0101\nrei\u00f0 H\u0119rm\u014d\u00f0r \u00fear til er hann kom at h\u0119l-grindum; \u00fe\u0101 steig\nhann af hestinum, ok gyr\u00f0i hann fast, steig upp, ok keyr\u00f0i\nhann sporum, en hestrinn hlj\u014dp sv\u0101 hart, ok yfir grindina, at\nhann kom hv\u0119rgi n\u00e6r.  \u00de\u0101 rei\u00f0 H\u0119rm\u014d\u00f0r heim til hallar- [*]\ninnar, ok steig af hesti, gekk inn \u012b h\u01ebllina, s\u0101 \u00fear sitja \u012b\n\u01ebndvegi Baldr, br\u014d\u00f0ur sinn; ok dval\u00f0isk H\u0119rm\u014d\u00f0r \u00fear um\nn\u0101ttina.  En at morgni \u00fe\u0101 beiddisk H\u0119rm\u014d\u00f0r af H\u0119lju at\nBaldr skyldi r\u012b\u00f0a heim me\u00f0 honum, ok sag\u00f0i hv\u0119rsu mikill\ngr\u0101tr var me\u00f0 \u0101sum.  En H\u0119l sag\u00f0i at \u00feat skyldi sv\u0101 reyna, [*]\nhv\u0101rt Baldr var sv\u0101 \u0101st-s\u00e6ll sem sagt er; 'ok ef allir hlutir \u012b\nheiminum, kykvir ok dau\u00f0ir, gr\u0101ta hann, \u00fe\u0101 skal hann fara\ntil \u0101sa aptr, en haldask me\u00f0 H\u0119lju, ef nakkvarr m\u00e6llr vi\u00f0,\ne\u00f0a vill eigi gr\u0101ta.'  \u00de\u0101 st\u014d\u00f0 H\u0119rm\u014d\u00f0r upp, en Baldr lei\u00f0ir\nhann \u016bt \u014dr h\u01ebllinni, ok t\u014dk hringinn Draupni, ok s\u0119ndi \u014c\u00f0ni\ntil minja, en Nanna s\u0119ndi Frigg ripti ok \u0119nn fleiri gjafar,\nFullu fingr-gull.  \u00de\u0101 rei\u00f0 H\u0119rm\u014d\u00f0r aptr lei\u00f0 s\u012bna, ok kom \u012b\n\u0100sgar\u00f0, ok sag\u00f0i \u01ebll t\u012b\u00f0indi \u00feau er hann haf\u00f0i s\u0113t ok heyrt.\n\n\u00dev\u012b n\u00e6st s\u0119ndu \u00e6sir um allan heim \u00f6rind-reka, at bi\u00f0ja\nat Baldr v\u00e6ri gr\u0101tinn \u014dr h\u0119lju; en allir g\u01eb\u0308r\u00f0u \u00feat, m\u0119nninir,\nok kykvendin, ok j\u01ebr\u00f0in, ok steinarnir, ok tr\u0113, ok allr m\u0101lmr;\nsv\u0101 sem \u00fe\u016b munt s\u0113t hafa, at \u00feessir hlutir gr\u0101ta, \u00fe\u0101 er \u00feeir\nkoma \u014dr frosti ok \u012b hita.  \u00de\u0101 er s\u0119ndi-m\u0119nn f\u014dru heim, ok\nh\u01ebf\u00f0u vel rekit s\u012bn \u00f6rindi, finna \u00feeir \u012b h\u0119lli n\u01ebkkurum hvar [*]\ng\u0233gr sat; hon n\u0119fndisk \u00de\u01ebkk.  \u00deeir bi\u00f0ja hana gr\u0101ta Baldr\n\u014dr h\u0119lju.  Hon svarar:\n\n   '\u00de\u01ebkk mun gr\u0101ta     \u00feurrum t\u0101rum\n    Baldrs b\u0101lfarar;\n    kyks n\u0113 dau\u00f0s     naut-k-a-k karls sonar; [*]\n    haldi H\u0119l \u00fev\u012b es h\u0119fir!'\n\nEn \u00feess geta m\u0119nn, at \u00fear hafi verit Loki Laufeyjar-son,\ner flest h\u0119fir ilt g\u01eb\u0308rt me\u00f0 \u0101sum.\n\n\nV. HE\u00d0INN AND H\u01eaGNI\n\nKonungr s\u0101 er H\u01ebgni er n\u0119fndr \u0101tti d\u014dttur, er Hildr h\u0113t.\nHana t\u014dk at h\u0119r-fangi konungr s\u0101 er H\u0113\u00f0inn h\u0113t, Hjarranda-\nson.  \u00de\u0101 var H\u01ebgni konungr farinn \u012b konunga-st\u0119fnu; en er\nhann spur\u00f0i at h\u0119rjat var \u012b r\u012bki hans, ok d\u014dttir hans var \u012b\nbraut t\u0119kin, \u00fe\u0101 f\u014dr hann me\u00f0 s\u012bnu li\u00f0i at leita H\u0113\u00f0ins, ok\nspur\u00f0i til hans at H\u0113\u00f0inn haf\u00f0i siglt nor\u00f0r me\u00f0 landi.  \u00de\u0101 [*]\ner H\u01ebgni konungr kom \u012b Noreg, spur\u00f0i hann at H\u0113\u00f0inn\nhaf\u00f0i siglt vestr um haf.  \u00de\u0101 siglir H\u01ebgni \u0119ptir honum allt\ntil Orkn-eyja; ok er hann kom \u00fear sem heitir H\u0101-ey, \u00fe\u0101 [*]\nvar \u00fear fyrir H\u0113\u00f0inn me\u00f0 li\u00f0 sitt.  \u00de\u0101 f\u014dr Hildr \u0101 fund f\u01eb\u00f0ur\ns\u012bns, ok bau\u00f0 honum m\u0119n at s\u00e6tt af h\u0119ndi H\u0113\u00f0ins, en \u012b \u01eb\u00f0ru\nor\u00f0i sag\u00f0i hon at H\u0113\u00f0inn v\u00e6ri b\u016binn at b\u0119rjask, ok \u00e6tti\nH\u01ebgni af honum engrar v\u00e6g\u00f0ar v\u0101n.  H\u01ebgni sv\u0101rar stirt\nd\u014dttur sinni; en er hon hitti H\u0113\u00f0in, sag\u00f0i hon honum, at\nH\u01ebgni vildi enga s\u00e6tt, ok ba\u00f0 hann b\u016bask til orrostu, ok\nsv\u0101 g\u01eb\u0308ra \u00feeir hv\u0101rir-tv\u0119ggju, ganga upp \u0101 eyna, ok fylkja\nli\u00f0inu.  \u00de\u0101 kallar H\u0113\u00f0inn \u0101 H\u01ebgna, m\u0101g sinn, ok bau\u00f0\nhonum s\u00e6tt ok mikit gull at b\u014dtum.  \u00de\u0101 svarar H\u01ebgni:\n'of s\u012b\u00f0 bauzt-u \u00feetta, ef \u00fe\u016b vill s\u00e6ttask, \u00fev\u012b at n\u016b h\u0119fi ek\ndr\u0119git D\u0101ins-leif, er dvergarnir g\u01eb\u0308r\u00f0u, er manns bani skal\nver\u00f0a, hv\u0119rt sinn er b\u0119rt er, ok aldri bilar \u012b h\u01ebggvi, ok ekki\ns\u0101r gr\u0153r, ef \u00fear skeinisk af.'  \u00de\u0101 svarar H\u0113\u00f0inn: 'sver\u00f0i\nh\u0153lir \u00fe\u016b \u00fear, en eigi sigri; \u00feat kalla ek gott hv\u0119rt er dr\u014dttin-\nholt er.'  \u00de\u0101 h\u014dfu \u00feeir orrostu \u00fe\u0101 er Hja\u00f0ninga-v\u012bg er kallat,\nok b\u01ebr\u00f0usk \u00feann dag allan, ok at kveldi f\u014dru konungar til\nskipa.  En Hildr gekk of n\u0101ttina til valsins, ok vak\u00f0i upp\nme\u00f0 fj\u01eblkyngi alla \u00fe\u0101 er dau\u00f0ir v\u0101ru; ok annan dag gengu\nkonungarnir \u0101 v\u012bg-v\u01ebllinn ok b\u01ebr\u00f0usk, ok sv\u0101 allir \u00feeir er\nfellu hinn fyrra daginn.  F\u014dr sv\u0101 s\u016b orrosta hv\u0119rn dag \u0119ptir\nannan, at allir \u00feeir er fellu, ok \u01ebll v\u0101pn \u00feau er l\u0101gu \u0101 v\u012bgv\u0119lli,\nok sv\u0101 hl\u012bfar, ur\u00f0u at grj\u014dti.  En er daga\u00f0i, st\u014d\u00f0u upp allir\ndau\u00f0ir m\u0119nn, ok b\u01ebr\u00f0usk, ok \u01ebll v\u0101pn v\u0101ru \u00fe\u0101 n\u0233.  Sv\u0101 er\nsagt \u012b kv\u00e6\u00f0um, at Hja\u00f0ningar skulu sv\u0101 b\u012b\u00f0a ragna-r\u00f6krs.\n\n\nVI. THE DEATH OF OLAF TRYGGVASON\n\nSveinn konungr tj\u016bgu-sk\u0119gg \u0101tti Sigr\u012b\u00f0i hina st\u014dr-r\u0101\u00f0u.\nSigr\u012b\u00f0r var hinn mesti \u016b-vinr \u014cl\u0101fs konungs Tryggva-sonar;\nok fann \u00feat til saka at \u014cl\u0101fr konungr haf\u00f0i slitit einka-m\u0101lum\nvi\u00f0 hana, ok lostit hana \u012b and-lit.  Hon \u0119ggja\u00f0i mj\u01ebk Svein\nkonung til at halda orrostu vi\u00f0 \u014cl\u0101f konung Tryggvason, ok\nkom hon sv\u0101 s\u012bnum for-t\u01eblum at Sveinn konungr var full-\nkominn at g\u01eb\u0308ra \u00feetta r\u0101\u00f0.  Ok snimma um v\u0101rit s\u0119ndi\nSveinn konungr m\u0119nn austr til Sv\u012b-\u00fej\u014d\u00f0ar \u0101 fund \u014cl\u0101fs\nkonungs Sv\u012ba-konungs, m\u0101gs s\u012bns, ok Eir\u012bks jarls; ok l\u0113t s\u0119gja\n\u00feeim at \u014cl\u0101fr, Noregs konungr, haf\u00f0i lei\u00f0angr \u016bti, ok \u00e6tla\u00f0i\nat fara um sumarit til Vind-lands.  Fylg\u00f0i \u00feat or\u00f0-s\u0119nding\nDana-konungs, at \u00feeir Sv\u012bakonungr ok Eir\u012bkr jarl skyldi\nh\u0119r \u016bti hafa, ok fara til m\u014dts vi\u00f0 Svein konung, skyldu\n\u00feeir \u00fe\u0101 allir samt l\u0119ggja til orrostu vi\u00f0 \u014cl\u0101f konung Tryggva-\nson.  En \u014cl\u0101fr Sv\u012bakonungr ok Eir\u012bkr jarl v\u0101ru \u00feessar\nf\u0119r\u00f0ar al-b\u016bnir, ok dr\u014dgu \u00fe\u0101 saman skipa-h\u0119r mikinn af Sv\u012ba-\nv\u0119ldi, f\u01ebru \u00fev\u012b li\u00f0i su\u00f0r til Dan-markar ok kv\u0101mu \u00fear sv\u0101, [*]\nat \u014cl\u0101fr konungr Tryggvason haf\u00f0i \u0101\u00f0r austr siglt.  \u00deeir\nSv\u012bakonungr ok Eir\u012bkr jarl heldu til fundar vi\u00f0 Danakonung,\nok h\u01ebf\u00f0u \u00fe\u0101 allir saman \u016b-grynni h\u0119rs.\n\nSveinn konungr, \u00fe\u0101 er hann haf\u00f0i s\u0119nt \u0119ptir h\u0119rinum,\n\u00fe\u0101 s\u0119ndi hann Sigvalda jarl til Vindlands at nj\u014dsna um f\u0119r\u00f0\n\u014cl\u0101fs konungs Tryggvasonar, ok gildra sv\u0101 til, at fundr\n\u00feeira Sveins konungs m\u00e6tti ver\u00f0a.  F\u0119rr \u00fe\u0101 Sigvaldi jarl\nlei\u00f0 s\u012bna, ok kom fram \u0101 Vindlandi, f\u014dr til J\u014dmsborgar, ok\ns\u012b\u00f0an \u0101 fund \u014cl\u0101fs konungs Tryggvasonar.  V\u0101ru \u00fear mikil\nvin\u0101ttu-m\u0101l \u00feeira \u0101 me\u00f0al, kom jarl s\u0113r \u012b hinn mesta k\u00e6rleik\nvi\u00f0 \u014cl\u0101f konung.  \u0100str\u012b\u00f0r kona jarls, d\u014dttir Burizleifs konungs,\nvar vinr mikill \u014cl\u0101fs konungs, ok var \u00feat mj\u01ebk af hinum\nfyrrum t\u0119ng\u00f0um, er \u014clafr konungr haf\u00f0i \u0101tt Geiru, systur [*]\nh\u0119nnar.  Sigvaldi jarl var ma\u00f0r vitr ok r\u0101\u00f0ugr; en er hann\nkom s\u0113r \u012b r\u0101\u00f0a-g\u0119r\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u014cl\u0101f konung, \u00fe\u0101 dval\u00f0i hann mj\u01ebk\nf\u0119r\u00f0ina hans austan at sigla, ok fann til \u00feess mj\u01ebk \u0233msa hluti. [*]\nEn li\u00f0 \u014cl\u0101fs konungs l\u0113t geysi illa, ok v\u0101ru m\u0119nn mj\u01ebk\nheim-f\u016bsir, er \u00feeir l\u0101gu alb\u016bnir, en ve\u00f0r byr-v\u00e6n.  Sigvaldi\njarl fekk nj\u014dsn leyniliga af Danm\u01ebrk, at \u00fe\u0101 var austan kominn\nh\u0119rr Sv\u012bakonungs, ok Eir\u012bkr jarl haf\u00f0i \u00fe\u0101 ok b\u016binn sinn h\u0119r,\nok \u00feeir h\u01ebf\u00f0ingjarnir mundu \u00fe\u0101 koma austr undir Vindland,\nok \u00feeir h\u01ebf\u00f0u \u0101 kve\u00f0it, at \u00feeir mundu b\u012b\u00f0a \u014cl\u0101fs konungs\nvi\u00f0 ey \u00fe\u0101 er Sv\u01ebl\u00f0r heitir, sv\u0101 \u00feat, at jarl skyldi sv\u0101 til stilla [*]\nat \u00feeir m\u00e6tti \u00fear finna \u014cl\u0101f konung.\n\n\u00de\u0101 kom pati nakkvarr til Vindlands, at Sveinn Dana-\nkonungr h\u0119f\u00f0i h\u0119r \u016bti, ok g\u01eb\u0308r\u00f0isk br\u0101tt s\u0101 kurr, at Sveinn\nDanakonungr mundi vilja finna \u014cl\u0101f konung.  En Sigvaldi\njarl s\u0119gir konungi: 'ekki er \u00feat r\u0101\u00f0 Sveins konungs at\nl\u0119ggja til bardaga vi\u00f0 \u00feik me\u00f0 Dana-h\u0119r einn saman, sv\u0101\nmikinn h\u0119r sem \u00fe\u0113r hafi\u00f0.  En ef y\u00f0r er nakkvarr grunr \u0101\n\u00fev\u012b, at \u016b-fri\u00f0r muni fyrir, \u00fe\u0101 skal ek fylgja y\u00f0r me\u00f0 m\u012bnu [*]\nli\u00f0i, ok \u00fe\u014dtti \u00feat styrkr vera fyrr, hvar sem J\u014dms-v\u012bkingar\nfylg\u00f0u h\u01ebf\u00f0ingjum; mun ek f\u0101 \u00fe\u0113r ellifu skip vel skipu\u00f0.'\nKonungr j\u0101tti \u00feessu.  Var \u00fe\u0101 l\u012btit ve\u00f0r ok hag-st\u0153tt; l\u0113t\nkonungr \u00fe\u0101 leysa flotann, ok bl\u0101sa til brott-l\u01ebgu.  Dr\u014dgu\nm\u0119nn \u00fe\u0101 segl s\u012bn, ok gengu meira sm\u0101-skipin \u01ebll, ok sigldu [*]\n\u00feau undan \u0101 haf \u016bt.  En jarl sigldi n\u00e6r konungs-skipinu,\nok kalla\u00f0i til \u00feeira, ba\u00f0 konung sigla \u0119ptir s\u0113r: 'm\u0113r er\nkunnast,' s\u0119gir hann, 'hvar dj\u016bpast er um eyja-sundin, en\n\u00fe\u0113r munu\u00f0 \u00feess \u00feurfa me\u00f0 \u00feau in st\u014dru skipin.'  Sigldi\n\u00fe\u0101 jarl fyrir me\u00f0 s\u012bnum skipum.  Hann haf\u00f0i ellifu skip,\nen konungr sigldi \u0119ptir honum me\u00f0 sinum st\u014dr-skipum,\nhaf\u00f0i hann \u00fear ok ellifu skip, en allr annarr h\u0119rrinn sigldi\n\u016bt \u0101 hafit.  En er Sigvaldi jarl sigldi utan at Sv\u01ebl\u00f0r, \u00fe\u0101\nr\u00f6ri \u0101 m\u014dti \u00feeim sk\u016bta ein.  \u00deeir s\u0119gja jarli at h\u0119rr Dana-\nkonungs l\u0101 \u00fear \u012b h\u01ebfninni fyrir \u00feeim.  \u00de\u0101 l\u0113t jarl hla\u00f0a\nseglunum, ok r\u014da \u00feeir inn undir eyna.\n\nSveinn Danakonungr ok \u014cl\u0101fr Sv\u012bakonungr ok Eir\u012bkr\njarl v\u0101ru \u00fear \u00fe\u0101 me\u00f0 allan h\u0119r sinn; \u00fe\u0101 var fagrt ve\u00f0r\nok bjart s\u014dl-skin.  Gengu \u00feeir n\u016b upp \u0101 h\u014dlminn allir\nh\u01ebf\u00f0ingjar me\u00f0 miklar sveitir manna, ok s\u0101 er skipin sigldu\n\u016bt \u0101 hafit mj\u01ebk m\u01ebrg saman.  Ok n\u016b sj\u0101 \u00feeir hvar siglir\neitt mikit skip ok gl\u00e6siligt; \u00fe\u0101 m\u00e6ltu b\u0101\u00f0ir konungarnir:\n'\u00feetta er mikit skip ok \u0101kafliga fagrt, \u00feetta mun vera Ormrinn\nlangi.'  Eir\u012bkr jarl svarar ok s\u0119gir: 'ekki er \u00feetta Ormr hinn\nlangi.'  Ok sv\u0101 var sem hann sag\u00f0i; \u00feetta skip \u0101tti Eindri\u00f0i\naf Gimsum.  L\u012btlu s\u012b\u00f0ar s\u0101 \u00feeir hvar annat skip sigldi miklu\nmeira en hit fyrra.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti Sveinn konungr: 'hr\u00e6ddr er\n\u014cl\u0101fr Tryggvason n\u016b, eigi \u00feorir hann at sigla me\u00f0 h\u01ebfu\u00f0in\n\u0101 skipi s\u012bnu.'  \u00de\u0101 s\u0119gir Eir\u012bkr jarl: 'ekki er \u00feetta konungs\nskip, k\u0119nni ek \u00feetta skip ok seglit, \u00fev\u012b at stafat er seglit, \u00feat\n\u0101 Erlingr Skj\u0101lgsson; l\u0101tum sigla \u00fe\u0101, b\u0119tra er oss skar\u00f0 ok\nmissa \u012b flota \u014cl\u0101fs konungs en \u00feetta skip \u00fear sv\u0101 b\u016bit.'  En\nstundu s\u012b\u00f0ar s\u0101 \u00feeir ok k\u0119ndu skip Sigvalda jarls, ok viku\n\u00fean \u00feannig at h\u014dlmanum.  \u00de\u0101 s\u0101 \u00feeir hvar sigldu \u00ferj\u016b skip,\nok var eitt mikit skip.  M\u00e6lti \u00fe\u0101 Sveinn konungr, bi\u00f0r \u00fe\u0101\nganga til skipa sinna, s\u0119gir at \u00fear f\u0119rr Ormrinn langi.  Eir\u012bkr\njarl m\u00e6lti: 'm\u01ebrg hafa \u00feeir \u01ebnnur st\u014dr skip ok gl\u00e6silig en\nOrm hinn langa, b\u012b\u00f0um \u0119nn.'  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6ltu mj\u01ebk margir m\u0119nn:\n'eigi vill Eir\u012bkr jarl n\u016b b\u0119rjask, ok h\u0119fna f\u01eb\u00f0ur s\u012bns; \u00feetta\ner sk\u01ebmm mikil, sv\u0101 at spyrjask mun um \u01ebll l\u01ebnd, ef v\u0113r\nliggjum h\u0113r me\u00f0 jafn-miklu li\u00f0i, en \u014cl\u0101fr konungr sigli \u0101\nhafit \u016bt h\u0113r hj\u0101 oss sj\u0101lfum.'  En er \u00feeir h\u01ebf\u00f0u \u00feetta talat\num hr\u012b\u00f0, \u00fe\u0101 s\u0101 \u00feeir hvar sigldu fjogur skip, ok eitt af\n\u00feeim var dr\u0119ki all-mikill ok mj\u01ebk gull-b\u016binn.  \u00de\u0101 st\u014d\u00f0 upp\nSveinn konungr, ok m\u00e6lti: 'h\u0101tt mun Ormrinn bera mik \u012b\nkveld, honum skal ek st\u0233ra.'  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6ltu margir, at Ormrinn\nvar fur\u00f0u mikit skip ok fr\u012btt, ok rausn mikil at l\u0101ta g\u01eb\u0308ra\nsl\u012bkt skip.  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti Eir\u012bkr jarl, sv\u0101 at nakkvarir m\u0119nn\nheyr\u00f0u: '\u00fe\u014dtt \u014cl\u0101fr konungr h\u0119f\u00f0i ekki meira skip en \u00feetta,\n\u00fe\u0101 mundi Sveinn konungr \u00feat aldri f\u0101 af honum me\u00f0 einn\nsaman Danah\u0119r.'  Dreif \u00fe\u0101 f\u014dlkit til skipanna, ok r\u0101ku af\ntj\u01ebldin, ok \u00e6tlu\u00f0u at b\u016bask skj\u014dtliga.  En er h\u01ebf\u00f0ingjar r\u0153ddu\n\u00feetta milli s\u012bn, sem n\u016b er sagt, \u00fe\u0101 s\u0101 \u00feeir, hvar sigldu \u00ferj\u016b\nskip all-mikil, ok fj\u014dr\u00f0a s\u012b\u00f0ast, ok var \u00feat Ormrinn langi.\nEn \u00feau hin st\u014dru skip, er \u0101\u00f0r h\u01ebf\u00f0u siglt, ok \u00feeir hug\u00f0u\nat Ormrinn v\u00e6ri, \u00feat var hit fyrra Traninn, en hit s\u012b\u00f0ara\nOrmrinn skammi.  En \u00fe\u0101 er \u00feeir s\u0101 Orminn langa, k\u0119ndu\nallir, ok m\u00e6lti \u00fe\u0101 engi \u012b m\u014dt, at \u00fear mundi sigla \u014cl\u0101fr\nTryggvason; gengu \u00fe\u0101 til skipanna, ok skipu\u00f0u til at-\nl\u01ebgunnar.  V\u0101ru \u00feat einkam\u0101l \u00feeira h\u01ebf\u00f0ingja, Sveins konungs,\n\u014cl\u0101fs konungs, Eir\u012bks jarls, at sinn \u00feri\u00f0jung Noregs skyldi\neignask hv\u0119rr \u00feeira, ef \u00feeir f\u0119ldi \u014cl\u0101f konung Tryggvason;\nen s\u0101 \u00feeira h\u01ebf\u00f0ingja er fyrst gengi \u0101 Orminn, skyldi eignask\nalt \u00feat hlut-skipti er \u00fear fengisk, ok hv\u0119rr \u00feeira \u00feau skip\ner sj\u0101lfr hry\u00f0i.  Eir\u012bkr jarl haf\u00f0i bar\u00f0a einn geysi mikinn,\ner hann var vanr at hafa \u012b viking; \u00fear var sk\u0119gg \u0101 ofan-\nver\u00f0u bar\u00f0inu hv\u0101rutv\u0119ggja, en ni\u00f0r fr\u0101 j\u0101rn-sp\u01ebng \u00feykk ok\nsv\u0101 brei\u00f0 sem bar\u00f0it, ok t\u014dk alt \u012b s\u00e6 ofan.\n\n\u00de\u0101 er \u00feeir Sigvaldi jarl r\u00f6ru inn undir h\u014dlminn, \u00fe\u0101 s\u0101\n\u00feat \u00feeir \u00deork\u0119ll dy\u00f0rill af Trananum ok a\u00f0rir skip-stj\u014drn-\nar-m\u0119nn, \u00feeir er me\u00f0 honum f\u014dru, at jarl sn\u00f6ri skipum\nundir h\u014dlmann; \u00fe\u0101 hl\u014d\u00f0u \u00feeir ok seglum, ok r\u00f6ru \u0119ptir\nhonum, ok k\u01ebllu\u00f0u til \u00feeira, spur\u00f0u, hv\u012b \u00feeir f\u014dru sv\u0101.  Jarl\ns\u0119gir, at hann vill b\u012b\u00f0a \u014cl\u0101fs konungs: 'ok er meiri v\u0101n at\n\u016bfri\u00f0r s\u0113 fyrir oss.'  L\u0113tu \u00feeir \u00fe\u0101 flj\u014dta skipin, \u00fear til er\n\u00deork\u0119ll n\u0119fja kom me\u00f0 Orminn skamma, ok \u00feau \u00ferj\u016b skip\ner honum fylg\u00f0u.  Ok v\u0101ru \u00feeim s\u01ebg\u00f0 hin s\u01ebmu t\u012b\u00f0indi;\nhl\u014d\u00f0u \u00feeir \u00fe\u0101 ok s\u012bnum seglum, ok l\u0113tu flj\u014dta, ok bi\u00f0u\n\u014cl\u0101fs konungs.  En \u00fe\u0101 er konungrinn sigldi innan at h\u014dl-\nmanum, \u00fe\u0101 r\u00f6ri allr h\u0119rrinn \u016bt \u0101 sundit fyrir \u00fe\u0101.  En er\n\u00feeir s\u0101 \u00feat, \u00fea b\u0101\u00f0u \u00feeir konunginn sigla lei\u00f0 s\u012bna, en\nl\u0119ggja eigi til orrostu vi\u00f0 sv\u0101 mikinn h\u0119r.  Konungr svarar\nh\u0101tt, ok st\u014d\u00f0 upp \u012b lyptingunni: 'l\u0101ti ofan seglit, ekki skulu\nm\u012bnir m\u0119nn hyggja \u0101 fl\u014dtta, ek h\u0119fi aldri fl\u0233it \u012b orrostu, r\u0101\u00f0i\nGu\u00f0 fyrir l\u012bfi m\u012bnu, en aldri mun ek \u0101 fl\u014dtta l\u0119ggja.'  Var sv\u0101\ng\u01eb\u0308rt sem konungr m\u00e6lti.\n\n\u014cl\u0101fr konungr l\u0113t bl\u0101sa til sam-l\u01ebgu \u01ebllum skipum s\u012bnum.\nVar konungs skip \u012b mi\u00f0ju li\u00f0i, en \u00fear \u0101 annat bor\u00f0 Ormrinn\nskammi, en \u0101 annat bor\u00f0 Traninn.  En \u00fe\u0101 er \u00feeir t\u014dku\nat t\u0119ngja stafna \u0101 Orminum langa ok Orminum skamma,\nok er konungr s\u0101 \u00feat, kalla\u00f0i hann h\u0101tt, ba\u00f0 \u00fe\u0101 l\u0119ggja\nfram b\u0119tr hit mikla skipit, ok l\u0101ta \u00feat eigi aptast vera allra\nskipa \u012b h\u0119rinum.  \u00de\u0101 svarar \u016alfr hinn rau\u00f0i: 'ef Orminn\nskal \u00fev\u012b l\u0119ngra fram l\u0119ggja, sem hann er l\u0119ngri en \u01ebnnur\nskip, \u00fe\u0101 mun \u0101-vint ver\u00f0a um s\u01ebxin \u012b dag.'  Konungr s\u0119gir:\n'eigi vissa ek at ek \u00e6tta stafnb\u016bann b\u00e6\u00f0i rau\u00f0an ok ragan.'\n\u016alfr m\u00e6lti: 'v\u0119r \u00fe\u016b eigi meir baki lyptingina en ek mun\nstafninn.'  Konungr helt \u0101 boga, ok lag\u00f0i \u01ebr \u0101 str\u0119ng, ok\nsn\u00f6ri at \u016alfi.  \u016alfr m\u00e6lti: 'skj\u014dt annan veg, konungr \u012b \u00feannig\nsem meiri er \u00fe\u01ebrfin; \u00fe\u0113r vinn ek \u00feat er ek vinn.'\n\n\u014cl\u0101fr konungr st\u014d\u00f0 \u012b lyptingu \u0101 Orminum, bar hann h\u0101tt [*]\nmj\u01ebk; hann haf\u00f0i gyltan skj\u01ebld ok gull-ro\u00f0inn hj\u0101lm; var\nhann au\u00f0-k\u0119ndr fr\u0101 \u01eb\u00f0rum m\u01ebnnum: hann haf\u00f0i rau\u00f0an\nkyrtil stuttan utan yfir brynju.  En er \u014cl\u0101fr konungr s\u0101 at\nri\u00f0lu\u00f0usk flotarnir, ok upp v\u0101ru s\u0119tt m\u0119rki fyrir h\u01ebf\u00f0ingjum,\n\u00fe\u0101 spyrr hann: 'hv\u0119rr er h\u01ebf\u00f0ingi fyrir li\u00f0i \u00fev\u012b er g\u0119gnt\noss er?'  Honum var sagt at \u00fear var Sveinn konungr\ntj\u016bgusk\u0119gg me\u00f0 Danah\u0119r.  Konungr svarar: 'ekki hr\u00e6\u00f0umk\nv\u0113r bley\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e6r, engi er hugr \u012b D\u01ebnum.  En hv\u0119rr h\u01ebf\u00f0ingi\nfylgir \u00feeim m\u0119rkjum er \u00fear eru \u016bt \u012bfr\u0101 \u0101 h\u0153gra veg?'  Honum\nvar sagt at \u00fear var \u014cl\u0101fr konungr me\u00f0 Sv\u012ba-h\u0119r.  \u014cl\u0101fr\nkonungr s\u0119gir: 'b\u0119tra v\u00e6ri Sv\u012bum heima at sleikja um bl\u014dt-\nbolla s\u012bna en ganga \u0101 Orminn undir v\u0101pn y\u00f0ur.  En hv\u0119rir\neigu \u00feau hin st\u014dru skip, er \u00fear liggja \u016bt \u0101 bak-bor\u00f0a D\u01ebnum?'\n'\u00dear er,' s\u0119gja \u00feeir 'Eir\u012bkr jarl H\u0101konar-son.'  \u00de\u0101 svara\u00f0i\n\u014cl\u0101fr konungr: 'hann mun \u00feykkjask eiga vi\u00f0 oss skapligan\nfund, ok oss er v\u0101n snarpligrar orrostu af \u00fev\u012b li\u00f0i; \u00feeir eru\nNor\u00f0-m\u0119nn, sem v\u0113r erum.'\n\nS\u012b\u00f0an grei\u00f0a konungar at-r\u014d\u00f0r.  Lag\u00f0i Sveinn konungr\nsitt skip m\u014dti Orminum langa, en \u014cl\u0101fr konungr S\u0153nski\nlag\u00f0i \u016bt fr\u0101, ok stakk st\u01ebfnum at yzta skipi \u014cl\u0101fs konungs\nTryggvasonar, en \u01eb\u00f0rum megin Eir\u012bkr jarl.  T\u014dksk \u00fear \u00fe\u0101\nh\u01ebr\u00f0 orrosta.  Sigvaldi jarl l\u0113t skotta vi\u00f0 s\u012bn skip, ok lag\u00f0i\nekki til orrostu.\n\n\u00deessi orrosta var hin snarpasta ok all-mann-sk\u0153\u00f0.  Fram-\nbyggjar \u0101 Orminum langa ok Orminum skamma ok Trananum\nf\u0153r\u00f0u akkeri ok stafn-lj\u0101 \u012b skip Sveins konungs, en \u0101ttu\nv\u0101pnin at bera ni\u00f0r undir f\u0153tr s\u0113r; hru\u00f0u \u00feeir \u01ebll \u00feau skip\ner \u00feeir fengu haldit.  En konungrinn Sveinn ok \u00feat li\u00f0 er\nundan komsk fl\u0233\u00f0i \u0101 \u01ebnnur skip, ok \u00fear n\u00e6st l\u01ebg\u00f0u \u00feeir\nfr\u0101 \u014dr skot-m\u0101li.  Ok f\u014dr \u00feessi h\u0119rr sv\u0101 sem gat \u014cl\u0101fr\nkonungr Tryggvason.  \u00de\u0101 lag\u00f0i \u00fear at \u012b sta\u00f0inn \u014cl\u0101fr\nSv\u012bakonungr; ok \u00feegar er \u00feeir koma n\u00e6r st\u014drskipum, \u00fe\u0101\nf\u014dr \u00feeim sem hinum, at \u00feeir l\u0113tu li\u00f0 mikit ok sum skip s\u012bn,\nok l\u01ebg\u00f0u fr\u0101 vi\u00f0 sv\u0101 b\u016bit.  En Eir\u012bkr jarl s\u012b-byr\u00f0i Bar\u00f0anum\nvi\u00f0 hit yzta skip \u014cl\u0101fs konungs, ok hrau\u00f0 hann \u00feat, ok hj\u014d\n\u00feegar \u00feat \u014dr t\u0119ngslum, en lag\u00f0i \u00fe\u0101 at \u00fev\u012b, er \u00fear var n\u00e6st,\nok bar\u00f0isk til \u00feess er \u00feat var hro\u00f0it.  T\u014dk \u00fe\u0101 li\u00f0it at hlaupa\naf hinum sm\u00e6rum skipunum, ok upp \u0101 st\u014drskipin.  En Eir\u012bkr\njarl hj\u014d hv\u0119rt \u014dr t\u0119ngslunum, sv\u0101 sem hro\u00f0it var.  En Danir\nok Sv\u012bar l\u01ebg\u00f0u \u00fe\u0101 \u012b skotm\u0101l ok \u01ebllum megin at skipum \u014cl\u0101fs\nkonungs, en Eir\u012bkr jarl l\u0101 \u0101valt s\u012bbyrt vi\u00f0 skipin, ok \u0101tti\nh\u01ebgg-orrostu.  En sv\u0101 sem m\u0119nn fellu \u0101 skipum hans, \u00fe\u0101\ngengu a\u00f0rir upp \u012b sta\u00f0inn, Sv\u012bar ok Danir.  \u00de\u0101 var orrosta\nhin snarpasta, ok fell \u00fe\u0101 mj\u01ebk li\u00f0it, ok kom sv\u0101 at lyk\u00f0um,\nat \u01ebll v\u0101ru hro\u00f0in skip \u014cl\u0101fs konungs Tryggvasonar nema\nOrmrinn langi; var \u00fear \u00fe\u0101 alt li\u00f0 \u0101 komit, \u00feat er v\u012bgt var\nhans manna.  \u00de\u0101 lag\u00f0i Eir\u012bkr jarl Bar\u00f0anum at Orminum\nlanga s\u012bbyrt, ok var \u00fear h\u01ebggorrosta.\n\nEirl\u012bkr jarl var \u012b fyrir-r\u016bmi \u0101 skipi s\u012bnu, ok var \u00fear fylkt\nme\u00f0 skjald-borg.  Var \u00fe\u0101 b\u00e6\u00f0i h\u01ebggorrosta, ok spj\u014dtum lagit,\nok kastat \u01ebllu \u00fev\u012b er til v\u0101pna var, en sumir skutu boga-skoti\ne\u00f0a hand-skoti.  Var \u00fea sv\u0101 mikill v\u0101pnabur\u00f0r \u0101 Orminn, at\nvarla m\u0101tti hl\u012bfum vi\u00f0 koma, er sv\u0101 \u00feykt flugu spj\u014dt ok \u01ebrvar;\n\u00fev\u012b at \u01ebllum megin l\u01ebg\u00f0u h\u0119rskip at Orminum.  En m\u0119nn\n\u014cl\u0101fs konungs v\u0101ru \u00fe\u0101 sv\u0101 \u014d\u00f0ir, at \u00feeir hlj\u014dpu upp \u0101 bor\u00f0in,\ntil \u00feess at n\u0101 me\u00f0 sver\u00f0s-h\u01ebggum at drepa f\u014dlkit.  En margir\nl\u01ebg\u00f0u eigi sv\u0101 undir Orminn, at \u00feeir vildi \u012b h\u01ebggorrostu vera.\nEn \u014cl\u0101fs m\u0119nn gengu flestir \u016bt af bor\u00f0unum, ok g\u0101\u00f0u eigi\nannars en \u00feeir b\u0119r\u00f0isk \u0101 sl\u0113ttum v\u0119lli, ok sukku ni\u00f0r me\u00f0\nv\u0101pnum s\u012bnum.\n\nEinarr \u00feambar-sk\u0119lfir var \u0101 Orminum aptr \u012b krappa-r\u016bmi;\nhann skaut af boga, ok var allra manna har\u00f0-skeytastr.\nEinarr skaut at Eir\u012bki jarli, ok laust \u012b st\u0233ris-hnakkann fyrir\nofan h\u01ebfu\u00f0 jarli, ok gekk alt upp \u0101 reyr-b\u01ebndin.  Jarl leit til,\nok spur\u00f0i ef \u00feeir vissi, hv\u0119rr skaut.  En jafn-skj\u014dtt kom\n\u01ebnnur \u01ebr sv\u0101 n\u00e6r jarli, at flaug milli s\u012b\u00f0unna ok handarinnar,\nok sv\u0101 aptr \u012b h\u01ebf\u00f0a-fj\u01eblina, at langt st\u014d\u00f0 \u016bt broddrinn.  \u00de\u0101\nm\u00e6lti jarl vi\u00f0 mann \u00feann er sumir n\u0119fna Finn, en sumir\ns\u0119gja at hann v\u00e6ri Finskr, s\u0101 var hinn mesti bog-ma\u00f0r:\n'skj\u014dt-tu mann \u00feann hinn mikla \u012b krappar\u016bminu!'  Finnr\nskaut, ok kom \u01ebrin \u0101 boga Einars mi\u00f0jan, \u012b \u00fev\u012b bili er Einarr\ndr\u014d it \u00feri\u00f0ja sinn bogann.  Brast \u00fe\u0101 boginn \u012b tv\u0101 hluti.  \u00de\u0101\nm\u00e6lti \u014cl\u0101fr konungr: 'hvat brast \u00fear sv\u0101 h\u0101tt?'  Einarr\nsvarar: 'Noregr \u014dr h\u0119ndi \u00fe\u0113r, konungr!'  'Eigi mun sv\u0101\nmikill brestr at or\u00f0inn,' s\u0119gir konungr, 'tak boga minn, ok\nskj\u014dt af,' ok kasta\u00f0i boganum til hans.  Einarr t\u014dk bogann,\nok dr\u014d \u00feegar fyrir odd \u01ebrvarinnar, ok m\u00e6lti: 'ofveikr,\nofveikr allvalds boginn!' ok kasta\u00f0i aptr boganum; t\u014dk \u00fe\u0101\nskj\u01ebld sinn ok sver\u00f0, ok bar\u00f0isk.\n\n\u014cl\u0101fr konungr Tryggvason st\u014d\u00f0 \u012b lypting \u0101 Orminum, ok\nskaut optast um daginn, stundum bogaskoti, en stundum\ngafl\u01ebkum, ok jafnan tveim s\u0119nn.  Hann s\u0101 fram \u0101 skipit, ok\ns\u0101 s\u012bna m\u0119nn rei\u00f0a sver\u00f0in ok h\u01ebggva t\u012btt, ok s\u0101 at illa bitu;\nm\u00e6lti \u00fe\u0101 h\u0101tt: 'hv\u0101rt rei\u00f0i \u00fe\u0113r sv\u0101 sl\u00e6liga sver\u00f0in, er ek s\u0113\nat ekki b\u012bta y\u00f0r?'  Ma\u00f0r svarar: 'sver\u00f0 v\u0101r eru sl\u00e6 ok\nbrotin mj\u01ebk.'  \u00de\u0101 gekk konungr ofan \u012b fyrirr\u016bmit ok lauk\nupp h\u0101s\u00e6tis-kistuna, t\u014dk \u00fear \u014dr m\u01ebrg sver\u00f0 hv\u01ebss, ok fekk\nm\u01ebnnum.  En er hann t\u014dk ni\u00f0r hinni h\u0153gri h\u0119ndi, \u00fe\u0101 s\u0101\nm\u0119nn at bl\u014d\u00f0 rann ofan undan bryn-st\u016bkunni; en engi vissi\nhvar hann var s\u0101rr.\n\nMest var v\u01ebrnin \u0101 Orminum ok mannsk\u0153\u00f0ust af fyrirr\u016bms-\nm\u01ebnnum ok stafnb\u016bum; \u00fear var hv\u0101rttv\u0119ggja, valit mest\nmann-f\u014dlkit ok h\u00e6st bor\u00f0in.  En li\u00f0 fell fyrst um mitt skipit.\nOk \u00fe\u0101 er f\u0101tt st\u014d\u00f0 manna upp um siglu-skei\u00f0, \u00fe\u0101 r\u0113\u00f0 Eir\u012bkr\njarl til upp-g\u01ebngunnar, ok kom upp \u0101 Orminn vi\u00f0 fimt\u0101nda [*]\nmann.  \u00de\u0101 kom \u012b m\u014dt honum Hyrningr, m\u0101gr \u014cl\u0101fs konungs,\nme\u00f0 sveit manna, ok var\u00f0 \u00fear inn har\u00f0asti bardagi, ok lauk\nsv\u0101, at jarl hr\u01ebkk ofan aptr \u0101 Bar\u00f0ann; en \u00feeir m\u0119nn er\nhonum h\u01ebf\u00f0u fylgt fellu sumir, en sumir v\u0101ru s\u00e6r\u00f0ir.  \u00dear\nvar\u00f0 \u0119nn in snarpasta orrosta, ok fellu \u00fe\u0101 margir m\u0119nn \u0101\nOrminum.  En er \u00feyntisk skipan \u0101 Orminum til varnarinnar,\n\u00fe\u0101 r\u0113\u00f0 Eir\u012bkr jarl annat sinn til uppg\u01ebngu \u0101 Orminn.  Var\u00f0\n\u00fe\u0101 \u0119nn h\u01ebr\u00f0 vi\u00f0-taka.  En er \u00feetta s\u0101 stafnb\u016bar \u0101 Orminum,\n\u00fe\u0101 gengu \u00feeir aptr \u0101 skipit, ok sn\u016bask til varnar m\u014dti jarli, ok\nveita har\u00f0a vi\u00f0t\u01ebku.  En fyrir \u00fev\u012b at \u00fe\u0101 var sv\u0101 mj\u01ebk fallit\nli\u00f0 \u0101 Orminum, at v\u012b\u00f0a v\u0101ru au\u00f0 bor\u00f0in, t\u014dku \u00fe\u0101 jarls m\u0119nn\nv\u012b\u00f0a upp at ganga.  En alt \u00feat li\u00f0 er \u00fe\u0101 st\u014d\u00f0 upp til varnar\n\u0101 Orminum s\u014dtti aptr \u0101 skipit, \u00fear sem konungr var.\n\nKolbj\u01ebrn stallari gekk upp \u012b lypting til konungs; \u00feeir\nh\u01ebf\u00f0u mj\u01ebk l\u012bkan kl\u00e6\u00f0a-b\u016bna\u00f0 ok v\u0101pna, Kolbj\u01ebrn var ok [*]\nallra manna mestr ok fr\u012b\u00f0astr.  Var\u00f0 n\u016b \u0119nn \u012b fyrirr\u016bminu\nin snarpasta orrosta.  En fyrir \u00fe\u0101 s\u01ebk at \u00fe\u0101 var sv\u0101 mikit\nf\u014dlk komit upp \u0101 Orminn af li\u00f0i jarls sem vera m\u0101tti \u0101 skipinu,\nen skip hans l\u01ebg\u00f0u at \u01ebllum megin utan at Orminum, en\nl\u012btit fj\u01ebl-m\u0119nni til varnar m\u014dti sv\u0101 miklum h\u0119r, n\u016b \u00fe\u014dtt \u00feeir\nm\u0119nn v\u00e6ri b\u00e6\u00f0i st\u0119rkir ok fr\u0153knir, \u00fe\u0101 fellu n\u016b flestir \u0101 l\u012btilli\nstundu.  En \u014cl\u0101fr konungr sj\u0101lfr ok \u00feeir Kolbj\u01ebrn b\u0101\u00f0ir\nhlj\u014dpu \u00fe\u0101 fyrir bor\u00f0, ok \u0101 sitt bor\u00f0 hv\u0101rr.  En jarls m\u0119nn\nh\u01ebf\u00f0u lagt utan at sm\u0101-sk\u016btur, ok dr\u0101pu \u00fe\u0101 er \u0101 kaf hlj\u014dpu.\nOk \u00fe\u0101 er konungr sj\u0101lfr haf\u00f0i \u0101 kaf hlaupit, vildu \u00feeir taka\nhann h\u01ebndum, ok f\u0153ra Eir\u012bki jarli.  En \u014cl\u0101fr konungr br\u0101\nyfir sik skildinum, ok steyp\u00f0isk \u012b kaf; en Kolbj\u01ebrn stallari\nskaut undir sik skildinum, ok hl\u012bf\u00f0i s\u0113r sv\u0101 vi\u00f0 v\u0101pnum er\nlagt var af skipum \u00feeim er undir l\u0101gu, ok fell hann sv\u0101\n\u0101 s\u00e6inn at skj\u01ebldrinn var\u00f0 undir honum, ok komsk hann \u00fev\u012b\neigi \u012b kaf sv\u0101 skj\u014dtt, ok var\u00f0 hann hand-t\u0119kinn ok dr\u0119ginn\nupp \u012b sk\u016btuna, ok hug\u00f0u \u00feeir at \u00fear v\u00e6ri konungrinn.  Var\nhann \u00fe\u0101 leiddr fyrir jarl.  En er \u00feess var\u00f0 jarl varr at \u00fear\nvar Kolbj\u01ebrn, en eigi \u014cl\u0101fr konungr, \u00fe\u0101 v\u0101ru Kolbirni gri\u00f0\ngefin.  En \u012b \u00feessi svipan hlj\u014dpu allir fyrir bor\u00f0 af Orminum,\n\u00feeir er \u00fe\u0101 v\u0101ru \u0101 l\u012bfi, \u014cl\u0101fs konungs m\u0119nn; ok s\u0119gir Hall-\nfre\u00f0r vandr\u00e6\u00f0a-sk\u0101ld, at \u00deork\u0119ll n\u0119fja, konungs br\u014d\u00f0ir, hlj\u014dp\ns\u012b\u00f0ast allra manna fyrir bor\u00f0.\n\nSv\u0101 var fyrr ritat, at Sigvaldi jarl kom til f\u01ebruneytis vi\u00f0\n\u014cl\u0101f konung \u012b Vindlandi, ok haf\u00f0i t\u012bu skip, en \u00feat hit ellifta,\ner \u0101 v\u0101ru m\u0119nn \u0100str\u012b\u00f0ar konungs-d\u014dttur, konu jarls.  En\n\u00fe\u0101 er \u014cl\u0101fr konungr haf\u00f0i fyrir bor\u00f0 hlaupit, \u00fe\u0101 \u0153p\u00f0i\nh\u0119rrinn allr sigr-\u014dp, ok \u00fe\u0101 lustu \u00feeir \u0101rum \u012b s\u00e6 Sigvaldi\njarl ok hans m\u0119nn, ok r\u00f6ru til bardaga.  En s\u016b Vinda-\nsn\u0119kkjan, er \u0100str\u012b\u00f0ar m\u0119nn v\u0101ru \u0101, r\u00f6ri brott ok aptr undir\nVindland; ok var \u00feat margra manna m\u0101l \u00feegar, at \u014cl\u0101fr\nkonungr mundi hafa steypt af s\u0113r brynjunni \u012b kafi, ok kafat\nsv\u0101 \u016bt undan langskipunum, lagizk s\u012b\u00f0an til Vindasn\u0119kkj-\nunnar, ok h\u0119f\u00f0i m\u0119nn \u0100str\u012b\u00f0ar flutt hann til lands.  Ok\neru \u00fear margar fr\u0101-sagnir um f\u0119r\u00f0ir \u014cl\u0101fs konungs g\u01eb\u0308rvar\ns\u012b\u00f0an af sumum m\u01ebnnum.  En hv\u0119rn veg sem \u00feat h\u0119fir\nverit, \u00fe\u0101 kom \u014cl\u0101fr konungr Tryggvason aldri s\u012b\u00f0an til r\u012bkis\n\u012b Noregi.\n\n\nVII. AU\u00d0UN\n\nMa\u00f0r h\u0113t Au\u00f0un, Vest-firzkr at kyni ok f\u0113-l\u012btill; hann f\u014dr\nutan vestr \u00fear \u012b fj\u01ebr\u00f0um me\u00f0 um-r\u0101\u00f0i \u00deorsteins b\u014dnda g\u014d\u00f0s,\nok \u00de\u014dris st\u0233ri-manns, er \u00fear haf\u00f0i \u00feegit vist of vetrinn me\u00f0\n\u00deorsteini.  Au\u00f0un var ok \u00fear, ok starfa\u00f0i fyrir honum \u00de\u014dri,\nok \u00fe\u0101 \u00feessi laun af honum--utan-f\u0119r\u00f0ina ok hans um-sj\u0101.\nHann Au\u00f0un lag\u00f0i mestan hluta fj\u0101r \u00feess er var fyrir m\u014d\u00f0ur\ns\u012bna, \u0101\u00f0r hann stigi \u0101 skip, ok var kve\u00f0it \u0101 \u00feriggja vetra\nbj\u01ebrg.  Ok n\u016b fara \u00feeir utan he\u00f0an, ok f\u0119rsk \u00feeim vel, ok\nvar Au\u00f0un of vetrinn \u0119ptir me\u00f0 \u00de\u014dri st\u0233rimanni; hann \u0101tti\nb\u016b \u0101 M\u0153ri.  Ok um sumarit \u0119ptir fara \u00feeir \u016bt til Gr\u0153n-lands,\nok eru \u00fear of vetrinn.  \u00deess er vi\u00f0 getit at Au\u00f0un kaupir\n\u00fear bjarn-d\u0233ri eitt, g\u01eb\u0308rsimi mikla, ok gaf \u00fear fyrir alla\neigu s\u012bna.  Ok n\u016b of sumarit \u0119ptir \u00fe\u0101 fara \u00feeir aptr til\nNoregs, ok ver\u00f0a vel rei\u00f0-fara; h\u0119fir Au\u00f0un d\u0233r sitt me\u00f0\ns\u0113r, ok \u00e6tlar n\u016b at fara su\u00f0r til Danm\u0119rkr \u0101 fund Sveins\nkonungs, ok gefa honum d\u0233rit.  Ok er hann kom su\u00f0r \u012b\nlandit, \u00fear sem konungr var fyrir, \u00fe\u0101 g\u0119ngr hann upp af [*]\nskipi, ok lei\u00f0ir \u0119ptir s\u0113r d\u0233rit, ok leigir s\u0113r h\u0119r-b\u0119rgi.  Haraldi\nkonungi var sagt br\u0101tt at \u00fear var komit bjarnd\u0233ri, g\u01eb\u0308rsimi\nmikil, 'ok \u0101 \u012as-l\u0119nzkr ma\u00f0r.'  Konungr s\u0119ndir \u00feegar m\u0119nn\n\u0119ptir honum, ok er Au\u00f0un kom fyrir konung, kv\u0119\u00f0r hann\nkonung vel; konungr t\u014dk vel kv\u0119\u00f0ju hans, ok spur\u00f0i s\u012b\u00f0an:\n'\u0101ttu g\u01eb\u0308rsimi mikla \u012b bjarnd\u0233ri?'  Hann svarar, ok kvezk\neiga d\u0233rit eitthv\u0119rt.  Konungr m\u00e6lti: 'villtu s\u0119lja oss d\u0233rit\nvi\u00f0 sl\u012bku ver\u00f0i sem \u00fe\u016b keyptir?'  Hann svarar: 'eigi vil ek\n\u00feat, herra!'  'Villtu \u00fe\u0101,' s\u0119gir konungr, 'at ek gefa \u00fe\u0113r tvau [*]\nver\u00f0 sl\u012bk, ok mun \u00feat r\u0113ttara, ef \u00fe\u016b h\u0119fir \u00fear vi\u00f0 gefit alla\n\u00fe\u012bna eigu.'  'Eigi vil ek \u00feat, herra!' s\u0119gir hann.  Konungr\nm\u00e6lti: 'villtu gefa m\u0113r \u00fe\u0101?'  Hann svarar: 'eigi, herra!'\nKonungr m\u00e6lti: 'hvat villtu \u00fe\u0101 af g\u01eb\u0308ra?'  Hann svarar:\n'fara,' s\u0119gir hann, 'til Danm\u0119rkr, ok gefa Sveini konungi.'\nHaraldr konungr s\u0119gir: 'hv\u0101rt er, at \u00fe\u016b ert ma\u00f0r sv\u0101 \u016bvitr\nat \u00fe\u016b h\u0119fir eigi heyrt \u016bfri\u00f0 \u00feann er \u012b milli er landa \u00feessa,\ne\u00f0a \u00e6tlar \u00fe\u016b giptu \u00fe\u012bna sv\u0101 mikla, at \u00fe\u016b munir \u00fear komask\nme\u00f0 g\u01eb\u0308rsimar, er a\u00f0rir f\u0101 eigi komizk klakk-laust, \u00fe\u014d at\nnau\u00f0-syn eigi til?'  Au\u00f0un svarar: 'herra! \u00feat er \u0101 y\u00f0ru\nvaldi, en engu j\u0101tum v\u0113r \u01eb\u00f0ru en \u00feessu er v\u0113r h\u01ebfum \u0101\u00f0r\n\u00e6tlat.'  \u00de\u0101 m\u00e6lti konungr: 'hv\u012b mun eigi \u00feat til, at \u00fe\u016b farir\nlei\u00f0 \u00fe\u012bna, sem \u00fe\u016b vill, ok kom \u00fe\u0101 til m\u012bn, er \u00fe\u016b f\u0119rr aptr,\nok s\u0119g m\u0113r, hv\u0119rsu Sveinn konungr launar \u00fe\u0113r d\u0233rit, ok\nkann \u00feat vera, at \u00fe\u016b s\u0113r g\u00e6fu-ma\u00f0r.'  '\u00dev\u012b heit ek \u00fe\u0113r,'\nsag\u00f0i Au\u00f0un.\n\nHann f\u0119rr n\u016b s\u012b\u00f0an su\u00f0r me\u00f0 landi, ok \u012b V\u012bk austr, ok \u00fe\u0101\ntil Danm\u0119rkr; ok er \u00fe\u0101 uppi hv\u0119rr p\u0119nningr fj\u0101rins, ok ver\u00f0r\nhann \u00fe\u0101 bi\u00f0ja matar b\u00e6\u00f0i fyrir sik ok fyrir d\u0233rit.  Hann\nk\u00f6mr \u0101 fund \u0101r-manns Sveins konungs, \u00feess er \u0100ki h\u0113t,\nok ba\u00f0 hann vista nakkvarra b\u00e6\u00f0i fyrir sik ok fyrir d\u0233rit:\n'ek \u00e6tla,' s\u0119gir hann, 'at gefa Sveini konungi d\u0233rit.'  \u0100ki\nl\u0113zk s\u0119lja mundu honum vistir, ef hann vildi.  Au\u00f0un kvezk\nekki til hafa fyrir at gefa; 'en ek vilda \u00fe\u014d,' s\u0119gir hann, 'at\n\u00feetta kv\u00e6misk til lei\u00f0ar at ek m\u00e6tta d\u0233rit f\u0153ra konungi.'\n'Ek mun f\u0101 \u00fe\u0113r vistir, sem it \u00feurfi\u00f0 til konungs fundar;\nen \u00fear \u012b m\u014dti vil ek eiga h\u0101lft d\u0233rit, ok m\u0101ttu \u0101 \u00feat l\u012bta,\nat d\u0233rit mun deyja fyrir \u00fe\u0113r, \u00fears it \u00feurfu\u00f0 vistir miklar, en\nf\u0113 s\u0113 farit, ok er b\u016bit vi\u00f0 at \u00fe\u016b hafir \u00fe\u0101 ekki d\u0233rsins.'  Ok [*]\ner hann l\u012btr \u0101 \u00feetta, s\u0233nisk honum nakkvat \u0119ptir sem [*]\n\u0101rma\u00f0rinn m\u00e6lti fyrir honum, ok s\u00e6ttask \u00feeir \u0101 \u00feetta, at\nhann s\u0119lr \u0100ka h\u0101lft d\u0233rit, ok skal konungr s\u012b\u00f0an meta alt\nsaman.  Skulu \u00feeir fara b\u0101\u00f0ir n\u016b \u0101 fund konungs; ok sv\u0101\ng\u01eb\u0308ra \u00feeir: fara n\u016b b\u0101\u00f0ir \u0101 fund konungs, ok st\u014d\u00f0u fyrir\nbor\u00f0inu.  Konungr \u012bhug\u0101\u00f0i, hv\u0119rr \u00feessi ma\u00f0r myndi vera,\ner hann k\u0119ndi eigi, ok m\u00e6lti s\u012b\u00f0an til Au\u00f0unar: 'hv\u0119rr\ner-tu?' s\u0119gir hann.  Hann svarar: 'ek em \u012asl\u0119nzkr ma\u00f0r,\nherra,' s\u0119gir hann, 'ok kominn n\u016b utan af Gr\u0153nlandi, ok n\u016b [*]\naf Noregi, ok \u00e6tla\u00f0a-k at f\u0153ra y\u00f0r bjarnd\u0233ri \u00feetta; keypta-k\n\u00feat me\u00f0 allri eigu minni, ok n\u016b er \u00fe\u014d \u0101 or\u00f0it mikit fyrir\nm\u0113r; ek \u0101 n\u016b h\u0101lft eitt d\u0233rit,' ok s\u0119gir konungi s\u012b\u00f0an, hv\u0119rsu\nfarit haf\u00f0i me\u00f0 \u00feeim \u0100ka \u0101rmanni hans.  Konungr m\u00e6lti:\n'er \u00feat satt, \u0100ki, er hann s\u0119gir?'  'Satt er \u00feat,' s\u0119gir hann.\nKonungr m\u00e6lti: 'ok \u00fe\u014dtti \u00fe\u0113r \u00feat til liggja, \u00fear sem ek\ns\u0119tta-k \u00feik mikinn mann, at h\u0119pta \u00feat e\u00f0a t\u0101lma er ma\u00f0r\ng\u01eb\u0308r\u00f0isk til at f\u0153ra m\u0113r g\u01eb\u0308rsimi, ok gaf fyrir alla eign, ok\ns\u0101 \u00feat Haraldr konungr at r\u0101\u00f0i at l\u0101ta hann fara \u012b fri\u00f0i, ok er\nhann v\u0101rr \u016bvinr?  Hygg \u00fe\u016b at \u00fe\u0101, hv\u0113 sannligt \u00feat var \u00feinnar\nhandar, ok \u00feat v\u00e6ri makligt, at \u00fe\u016b v\u00e6rir drepinn; en ek\nmun n\u016b eigi \u00feat g\u01eb\u0308ra, en braut skaltu fara \u00feegar \u014dr landinu,\nok koma aldri aptr s\u012b\u00f0an m\u0113r \u012b aug-s\u0233n!  En \u00fe\u0113r, Au\u00f0un!\nkann ek sl\u012bka \u00fe\u01ebkk, sem \u00fe\u016b gefir m\u0113r alt d\u0233rit, ok ver h\u0113r\nme\u00f0 m\u0113r.'  \u00deat \u00fe\u0119kkisk hann, ok er me\u00f0 Sveini konungi\num hr\u012b\u00f0.\n\nOk er li\u00f0u nakkvarir stundir, \u00fe\u0101 m\u00e6lti Au\u00f0un vi\u00f0 konung:\n'braut f\u0233sir mik n\u016b, herra!'  Konungr svarar h\u0119ldr seint:\n'hvat villtu \u00fe\u0101,' s\u0119gir hann, 'ef \u00fe\u016b vill eigi me\u00f0 oss vera?'\nHann s\u0119gir: 'su\u00f0r vil ek ganga.'  'Ef \u00fe\u016b vildir eigi sv\u0101 gott\nr\u0101\u00f0 taka,' s\u0119gir konungr, '\u00fe\u0101 myndi m\u0113r fyrir \u00feykkja \u012b, er \u00fe\u016b\nf\u0233sisk \u012b braut'; ok n\u016b gaf konungr honum silfr mj\u01ebk mikit,\nok f\u014dr hann su\u00f0r s\u012b\u00f0an me\u00f0 R\u016bm-f\u0119rlum, ok skipa\u00f0i konungr\ntil um f\u0119r\u00f0 hans, ba\u00f0 hann koma til s\u012bn, er kv\u00e6mi aptr.\nN\u016b f\u014dr hann f\u0119r\u00f0ar sinnar, unz hann k\u00f6mr su\u00f0r \u012b R\u014dma-borg.\nOk er hann h\u0119fir \u00fear dvalizk, sem hann t\u012b\u00f0ir, \u00fe\u0101 f\u0119rr hann\naptr; t\u0119kr \u00fe\u0101 s\u014dtt mikla, g\u01eb\u0308rir hann \u00fe\u0101 \u0101kafliga magran;\ng\u0119ngr \u00fe\u0101 upp alt f\u0113it \u00feat, er konungr haf\u00f0i gefit honum\ntil f\u0119r\u00f0arinnar; t\u0119kr s\u012b\u00f0an upp staf-karls st\u012bg, ok bi\u00f0r s\u0113r\nmatar.  Hann er \u00fe\u0101 koll\u014dttr ok h\u0119ldr \u016b-s\u00e6lligr; hann k\u00f6mr\naptr \u012b Danm\u00f6rk at p\u0101skum, \u00feangat sem konungr er \u00fe\u0101\nstaddr; en ei \u00feor\u00f0i hann at l\u0101ta sj\u0101 sik; ok var \u012b kirkju-\nskoti, ok \u00e6tla\u00f0i \u00fe\u0101 til fundar vi\u00f0 konung, er hann gengi\ntil kirkju um kveldit; ok n\u016b er hann s\u0101 konunginn ok\nhir\u00f0ina fagrliga b\u016bna, \u00fe\u0101 \u00feor\u00f0i hann eigi at l\u0101ta sj\u0101 sik.\nOk er konungr gekk til drykkju \u012b h\u01ebllina, \u00fe\u0101 mata\u00f0isk Au\u00f0un\n\u016bti, sem si\u00f0r er til R\u016bmf\u0119rla, me\u00f0an \u00feeir hafa eigi kastat staf\nok skreppu.  Ok n\u016b of aptaninn, er konungr gekk til kveld-\ns\u01ebngs, \u00e6tla\u00f0i Au\u00f0un at hitta hann, ok sv\u0101 mikit sem honum\n\u00fe\u014dtti fyrr fyrir, j\u014dk n\u016b miklu \u0101, er \u00feeir v\u0101ru druknir\nhir\u00f0m\u0119nninir; ok er \u00feeir gengu inn aptr, \u00fe\u0101 \u00fe\u0119k\u00f0i konungr\nmann, ok \u00fe\u014dttisk finna at eigi haf\u00f0i frama til at ganga fram\nat hitta hann.  Ok n\u016b er hir\u00f0in gekk inn, \u00fe\u0101 veik konungr\n\u016bt, ok m\u00e6lti: 'gangi s\u0101 n\u016b fram, er mik vill finna; mik\ngrunar at s\u0101 muni vera ma\u00f0rinn.'  \u00de\u0101 gekk Au\u00f0un fram,\nok fell til f\u014dta konungi, ok varla k\u0119ndi konungr hann; ok\n\u00feegar er konungr veit, hv\u0119rr hann er, t\u014dk konungr \u012b h\u01ebnd\nhonum Au\u00f0uni, ok ba\u00f0 hann vel kominn, 'ok h\u0119fir \u00fe\u016b mikit\nskipazk,' segir hann, 's\u012b\u00f0an vit s\u0101mk'; lei\u00f0ir hann \u0119ptir s\u0113r\ninn, ok er hir\u00f0in s\u0101 hann, hl\u014dgu \u00feeir at honum; en konungr\nsag\u00f0i: 'eigi \u00feurfu \u00fe\u0113r at honum at hl\u00e6ja, \u00fev\u012b at b\u0119tr h\u0119fir\nhann s\u0113t fyr sinni s\u0101l h\u0119ldr en \u0113r.'  \u00de\u0101 l\u0113t konungr g\u01eb\u0308ra [*]\nhonum laug, ok gaf honum s\u012b\u00f0an hl\u00e6\u00f0i, ok er hann n\u016b me\u00f0\nhonum.  \u00deat er n\u016b sagt einhv\u0119rju sinni of v\u0101rit at konungr\nb\u0233\u00f0r Au\u00f0uni at vera me\u00f0 s\u0113r \u0101-l\u0119ng\u00f0ar, ok kvezk myndu\ng\u01eb\u0308ra hann skutil-svein sinn, ok l\u0119ggja til hans g\u014d\u00f0a vir\u00f0ing.\nAu\u00f0un s\u0119gir: 'Gu\u00f0 \u00feakki y\u00f0r, herra! s\u014dma \u00feann allan er\n\u00fe\u0113r vili\u00f0 til m\u012bn l\u0119ggja; en hitt er m\u0113r \u012b skapi at fara \u016bt\ntil \u012aslands.'  Konungr s\u0119gir: '\u00feetta s\u0233nisk m\u0113r undarliga\nkosit.'  Au\u00f0un m\u00e6lti: 'eigi m\u0101 ek \u00feat vita, herra!' s\u0119gir\nhann, 'at ek hafa h\u0113r mikinn s\u014dma me\u00f0 y\u00f0r, en m\u014d\u00f0ir m\u012bn [*]\ntro\u00f0i stafkarls st\u012bg \u016bt \u0101 \u012aslandi; \u00fev\u012b at n\u016b er lokit bj\u01ebrg \u00feeiri\ner ek lag\u00f0a til, \u0101\u00f0r ek f\u0153ra af \u012aslandi.'  Konungr svarar:\n'vel er m\u00e6lt,' s\u0119gir hann, 'ok mannliga, ok muntu ver\u00f0a\ngiptu-ma\u00f0r; \u00feessi einn var sv\u0101 hlutrinn, at m\u0113r myndi eigi [*]\nmis-l\u012bka at \u00fe\u016b f\u0153rir \u012b braut he\u00f0an; ok ver n\u016b me\u00f0 m\u0113r \u00fear til\ner skip b\u016bask.'  Hann g\u01eb\u0308rir sv\u0101.\n\nEinn dag, er \u0101 lei\u00f0 v\u0101rit, gekk Sveinn konungr ofan \u0101\nbryggjur, ok v\u0101ru m\u0119nn \u00fe\u0101 at, at b\u016ba skip til \u0233missa landa,\n\u012b austr-veg e\u00f0a Sax-land, til Sv\u012b\u00fej\u014d\u00f0ar e\u00f0a Noregs.  \u00de\u0101 koma\n\u00feeir Au\u00f0un at einu skipi f\u01ebgru, ok v\u0101ru m\u0119nn at, at b\u016ba\nskipit.  \u00de\u0101 spur\u00f0i konungr: 'hv\u0119rsu l\u012bzk \u00fe\u0113r, Au\u00f0un! \u0101\n\u00feetta skip?'  Hann svarar: 'vel, herra!'  Konungr m\u00e6lti:\n'\u00feetta skip vil ek \u00fe\u0113r gefa, ok launa bjarnd\u0233rit.'  Hann\n\u00feakka\u00f0i gj\u01ebfina \u0119ptir sinni kunnustu; ok er lei\u00f0 stund, ok\nskipit var alb\u016bit, \u00fe\u0101 m\u00e6lti Sveinn konungr vi\u00f0 Au\u00f0un: '\u00fe\u014d\nvilltu n\u016b \u0101 braut, \u00fe\u0101 mun ek n\u016b ekki l\u0119tja \u00feik, en \u00feat h\u0119fi ek\nspurt, at ilt er til hafna fyrir landi y\u00f0ru, ok eru v\u012b\u00f0a \u00f6r\u00e6fi ok\nh\u00e6tt skipum; n\u016b br\u0233tr \u00fe\u016b, ok t\u0233nir skipinu ok f\u0113nu; l\u012btt s\u0113r\n\u00feat \u00fe\u0101 \u0101, at \u00fe\u016b hafir fundit Svein konung, ok gefit honum\ng\u01eb\u0308rsimi.'  S\u012b\u00f0an s\u0119ldi konungr honum le\u00f0r-hosu fulla af\nsilfri, 'ok ertu \u00fe\u0101 \u0119nn eigi f\u0113-lauss me\u00f0 \u01ebllu, \u00fe\u014dtt \u00fe\u016b brj\u014dtir\nskipit, ef \u00fe\u016b f\u00e6r haldit \u00feessu.  Ver\u00f0a m\u0101 sv\u0101 \u0119nn,' s\u0119gir\nkonungr, 'at \u00fe\u016b t\u0233nir \u00feessu f\u0113; l\u012btt n\u0233tr \u00fe\u016b \u00fe\u0101 \u00feess, er \u00fe\u016b\nfannt Svein konung, ok gaft honum g\u01eb\u0308rsimi.'  S\u012b\u00f0an dr\u014d\nkonungr hring af h\u0119ndi s\u0113r, ok gaf Au\u00f0uni, ok m\u00e6lti: '\u00fe\u014d\nat sv\u0101 illa ver\u00f0i, at \u00fe\u016b brj\u014dtir skipit ok t\u0233nir f\u0113nu, eigi\nertu f\u0113lauss, ef \u00fe\u016b k\u00f6msk \u0101 land, \u00fev\u012b at margir m\u0119nn hafa\ngull \u0101 s\u0113r \u012b skips-brotum, ok s\u0113r \u00fe\u0101 at \u00fe\u016b h\u0119fir fundit Svein\nkonung, ef \u00fe\u016b h\u0119ldr hringinum; en \u00feat vil ek r\u0101\u00f0a \u00fe\u0113r,'\ns\u0119gir hann, 'at \u00fe\u016b gefir eigi hringinn, nema \u00fe\u016b \u00feykkisk eiga\nsv\u0101 mikit gott at launa n\u01ebkkurum g\u01ebfgum manni, \u00fe\u0101 gef\n\u00feeim hringinn, \u00fev\u012b at tignum m\u01ebnnum s\u014dmir at \u00feiggja, ok\nfar n\u016b heill!'\n\nS\u012b\u00f0an l\u00e6tr hann \u012b haf, ok k\u00f6mr \u012b Noreg, ok l\u00e6tr flytja\nupp varna\u00f0 sinn, ok \u00feurfti n\u016b meira vi\u00f0 \u00feat en fyrr, er\nhann var \u012b Noregi.  Hann f\u0119rr n\u016b s\u012b\u00f0an \u0101 fund Haralds\nkonungs, ok vill \u0119fna \u00feat er hann h\u0113t honum, \u0101\u00f0r hann\nf\u014dr til Danm\u0119rkr, ok kv\u0119\u00f0r konung vel.  Haraldr konungr\nt\u014dk vel kv\u0119\u00f0ju hans, ok 's\u0119zk ni\u00f0r,' s\u0119gir hann, 'ok drekk\nh\u0113r me\u00f0 oss'; ok sv\u0101 g\u01eb\u0308rir hann.  \u00de\u0101 spur\u00f0i Haraldr kon-\nungr: 'hv\u0119rju launa\u00f0i Sveinn konungr \u00fe\u0113r d\u0233rit?'  Au\u00f0un\nsvarar: '\u00fev\u012b, herra! at hann \u00fe\u0101 at m\u0113r.'  Konungr sag\u00f0i:\n'launat mynda ek \u00fe\u0113r \u00fev\u012b hafa; hv\u0119rju launa\u00f0i hann \u0119nn?'\nAu\u00f0un svarar: 'gaf hann m\u0113r silfr til su\u00f0r-g\u01ebngu.'  \u00de\u0101 s\u0119gir\nHaraldr konungr: 'm\u01ebrgum m\u01ebnnum gefr Sveinn konungr\nsilfr til su\u00f0rg\u01ebngu e\u00f0a annarra hluta, \u00fe\u014dtt ekki f\u0153ri honum\ng\u01eb\u0308rsimar; hvat er \u0119nn fleira?'  'Hann bau\u00f0 m\u0113r,' s\u0119gir\nAu\u00f0un, 'at g\u00f6rask skutilsveinn hans, ok mikinn s\u014dma til\nm\u012bn at l\u0119ggja.'  'Vel var \u00feat m\u00e6lt,' s\u0119gir konungr, 'ok\nlauna, myndi hann \u0119nn fleira.'  Au\u00f0un sag\u00f0i: 'gaf hann m\u0113r\nkn\u01ebrr me\u00f0 farmi \u00feeim er hingat er b\u0119zt varit \u012b Noreg.'  \u00deat\nvar st\u014dr-mannligt,' s\u0119gir konungr, 'en launat mynda ek \u00fe\u0113r\n\u00fev\u012b hafa.  Launa\u00f0i hann \u00fev\u012b fleira?'  Au\u00f0un svara\u00f0i: 'gaf\nhann m\u0113r le\u00f0rhosu fulla af silfri, ok kva\u00f0 mik \u00fe\u0101 eigi f\u0113lausan,\nef ek helda \u00fev\u012b, \u00fe\u014d at skip mitt bryti vi\u00f0 \u012asland.'  Konungr\nsag\u00f0i: '\u00feat var \u0101-g\u00e6tliga g\u01eb\u0308rt, ok \u00feat mynda ek ekki g\u01eb\u0308rt\nhafa; lauss mynda ek \u00feykkjask, ef ek g\u00e6fa \u00feer skipit; hv\u0101rt\nlauna\u00f0i hann fleira?'  'Sv\u0101 var v\u012bst, herra!' s\u0119gir Au\u00f0un,\n'at hann launa\u00f0i: hann gaf m\u0113r hring \u00feenna er ek h\u0119fi\n\u0101 h\u0119ndi, ok kva\u00f0 sv\u0101 mega at berask, at ek t\u0233nda f\u0113nu\n\u01ebllu, ok sag\u00f0i mik \u00fe\u0101 eigi f\u0113lausan, ef ek \u00e6tta hringinn,\nok ba\u00f0 mik eigi l\u014dga, nema ek \u00e6tta n\u01ebkkurum tignum manni\nsv\u0101 gott at launa, at ek vilda gefa; en n\u016b h\u0119fi ek \u00feann\nfundit, \u00fev\u012b at \u00fe\u016b \u0101ttir kost at taka hv\u0101rttv\u0119ggja fr\u0101 m\u0113r,\nd\u0233rit ok sv\u0101 l\u012bf mitt, en \u00fe\u016b l\u0113zt mik fara \u00feangat \u012b fri\u00f0i,\nsem a\u00f0rir n\u0101\u00f0u eigi.'  Konungr t\u014dk vi\u00f0 gj\u01ebfinni me\u00f0 bl\u012b\u00f0u,\nok gaf Au\u00f0uni \u012b m\u014dti g\u014d\u00f0ar gjafir, \u0101\u00f0r en \u00feeir skil\u00f0isk.\nAu\u00f0un var\u00f0i f\u0113nu til \u012aslands-f\u0119r\u00f0ar ok f\u014dr \u016bt \u00feegar um\nsumarit til \u012aslands, ok \u00fe\u014dtti vera inn mesti g\u00e6fuma\u00f0r.\n\n\nVII. \u00deRYMS-KVI\u00d0A\n\n1. Vrei\u00f0r var \u00fe\u0101 Ving-\u00fe\u014drr,    er hann vakna\u00f0i,\n   ok s\u012bns hamars    of sakna\u00f0i:\n   sk\u0119gg nam at hrista,    sk\u01ebr nam at d\u0233ja,\n   r\u0113\u00f0 Jar\u00f0ar burr    um at \u00fereifask.\n\n2. Ok hann \u00feat or\u00f0a    alls fyrst of kva\u00f0:\n   'heyr-\u00f0u n\u016b, Loki!    hvat ek n\u016b m\u00e6li,\n   er engi veit    jar\u00f0ar hv\u0119rgi [*]\n   n\u0113 upp-himins:    \u0101ss er stolinn hamri!'\n\n3. Gengu \u00feeir fagra    Freyju t\u016bna, [*]\n   ok hann \u00feat or\u00f0a    alls fyrst of kva\u00f0:\n   'muntu m\u0113r, Freyja!    fja\u00f0r-hams lj\u0101,\n   ef ek minn hamar    m\u00e6tta-k hitta?'\n\n                     Freyja kva\u00f0:\n\n4. \u00de\u014d munda-k gefa \u00fe\u0113r,    \u00fe\u014dtt \u014dr gulli v\u00e6ri,\n   ok-\u00fe\u014d s\u0119lja    at v\u00e6ri \u014dr silfri.' [*]\n\n5. Fl\u014d \u00fe\u0101 Loki,    fja\u00f0rhamr dun\u00f0i,\n   unz fyr utan kom    \u0101sa gar\u00f0a,\n   ok fyr innan kom    j\u01ebtna heima.\n\n6. \u00derymr sat \u0101 haugi,    \u00feursa dr\u014dttinn,\n   greyjum s\u012bnum    gull-b\u01ebnd sn\u00f6ri\n   ok m\u01ebrum s\u012bnum    m\u01ebn jafna\u00f0i.\n\n                     \u00derymr kva\u00f0:\n\n7. 'Hvat er me\u00f0 \u0101sum?    hvat er me\u00f0 \u0101lfum?\n   hv\u012b er-tu einn kominn    \u012b J\u01ebtunheima?'\n\n                     Loki kva\u00f0:\n\n   'Ilt er me\u00f0 \u0101sum,    ilt er me\u00f0 \u0101lfum;\n   h\u0119fir \u00fe\u016b Hl\u014d-ri\u00f0a    hamar of f\u014dlginn?'\n\n                     \u00derymr kva\u00f0:\n\n8. 'Ek h\u0119fi Hl\u014dri\u00f0a    hamar of f\u014dlginn\n   \u0101tta r\u01ebstum    fyr j\u01ebr\u00f0 ne\u00f0an;\n   hann engi ma\u00f0r    aptr of heimtir,\n   nema f\u0153ri m\u0113r    Freyju at kv\u0101n.' [*]\n\n9. Fl\u014d \u00fe\u0101 Loki,    fja\u00f0rhamr dun\u00f0i,\n   unz fyr utan kom    j\u01ebtna heima\n   ok fyr innan kom    \u0101sa gar\u00f0a;\n   m\u0153tti hann \u00de\u014dr    mi\u00f0ra gar\u00f0a,\n   ok hann \u00feat or\u00f0a    alls fyrst of kva\u00f0:\n\n10. 'H\u0119fir \u00fe\u016b \u00f6rindi    sem \u0119rfi\u00f0i?\n   s\u0119g-\u00f0u \u0101 lopti    l\u01ebng t\u012b\u00f0indi:\n   opt sitjanda    s\u01ebgur of fallask,\n   ok liggjandi    lygi of b\u0119llir.'\n\n                     Loki kva\u00f0:\n\n11. 'H\u0119fi-k \u0119rfi\u00f0i    ok \u00f6rindi:\n   \u00derymr h\u0119fir \u00feinn hamar,    \u00feursa dr\u014dttinn;\n   hann engi ma\u00f0r    aptr of heimtir,\n   nema honum f\u0153ri    Freyju at kv\u0101n.'\n\n12. Ganga \u00feeir fagra    Freyju at hitta,\n   ok hann \u00feat or\u00f0a    alls fyrst of kva\u00f0:\n   'bitt-u \u00feik, Freyja,    br\u016b\u00f0ar l\u012bni!\n   vit skulum aka tvau    \u012b J\u01ebtunheima.'\n\n13. Vrei\u00f0 var\u00f0 \u00fe\u0101 Freyja    ok fn\u0101sa\u00f0i,\n   allr \u0101sa salr    undir bif\u00f0isk,\n   st\u01ebkk \u00feat it mikla    m\u0119n Br\u012bsinga:\n   'mik veizt-u ver\u00f0a    ver-gjarnasta,\n   ef ek \u0119k me\u00f0 \u00fe\u0113r    \u012b J\u01ebtunheima.'\n\n14. S\u0119nn v\u0101ru \u00e6sir    allir \u0101 \u00feingi\n   ok \u0101synjur    allar \u0101 m\u0101li,\n   ok of \u00feat r\u0113\u00f0u    r\u012bkir t\u012bvar,\n   hv\u0113 \u00feeir Hl\u014dri\u00f0a    hamar of s\u0153tti.\n\n15. \u00de\u0101 kva\u00f0 \u00feat Heimdallr,    hv\u012btastr \u0101sa\n   (vissi hann vel fram,    sem vanir a\u00f0rir):\n   'bindum v\u0113r \u00de\u014dr \u00fe\u0101    br\u016b\u00f0ar l\u012bni,\n   hafi hann it mikla    m\u0119n Br\u012bsinga!\n\n16. L\u0101tum und honum    hrynja lukla\n   ok kvenn-v\u0101\u00f0ir    of kn\u0113 falla,\n   en \u0101 brj\u014dsti    brei\u00f0a steina,\n   ok hagliga    of h\u01ebfu\u00f0 typpum!'\n\n17. \u00de\u0101 kva\u00f0 \u00feat \u00de\u014drr,    \u00fer\u016b\u00f0ugr \u0101ss:\n   'mik munu \u00e6sir    argan kalla,\n   ef ek bindask l\u00e6t    br\u016b\u00f0ar l\u012bni.'\n\n18. \u00de\u0101 kva\u00f0 \u00feat Loki,    Laufeyjar sonr:\n   '\u00fe\u0119gi \u00fe\u016b [n\u016b], \u00de\u014drr!    \u00feeira or\u00f0a;\n   \u00feegar munu j\u01ebtnar    \u0100sgar\u00f0 b\u016ba,\n   nema \u00fe\u016b \u00feinn hamar    \u00fe\u0113r of heimtir.'\n\n19. Bundu \u00feeir \u00de\u014dr \u00fe\u0101    br\u016b\u00f0ar l\u012bni\n   ok inu mikla    m\u0119ni Br\u012bsinga.\n\n20. L\u0113tu und honum    hrynja lukla\n   ok kvenn-v\u0101\u00f0ir    of kn\u0113 falla,\n   en \u0101 brj\u014dsti    brei\u00f0a steina,\n   ok hagliga    of h\u01ebfu\u00f0 typ\u00f0u.\n\n21. \u00de\u0101 kva\u00f0 \u00feat Loki,    Laufeyjar sonr:\n   'mun ek ok me\u00f0 \u00fe\u0113r    amb\u0101tt vera,\n   vit skulum aka tv\u00e6r    \u012b J\u01ebtunheima.'\n\n22. S\u0119nn v\u0101ru hafrar    heim of reknir,\n   skyndir at sk\u01ebklum,    skyldu vel r\u0119nna:\n   bj\u01ebrg brotnu\u00f0u,    brann j\u01ebr\u00f0 loga,\n   \u014dk \u014c\u00f0ins sonr    \u012b J\u01ebtunheima.\n\n23. \u00de\u0101 kva\u00f0 \u00feat \u00derymr,    \u00feursa dr\u014dttinn:\n   'standi\u00f0 upp, j\u01ebtnar!    ok str\u0101i\u00f0 b\u0119kki!\n   n\u016b f\u0153ra m\u0113r    Freyju at kv\u0101n,\n   Njar\u00f0ar d\u014dttur,    \u014dr N\u014da-t\u016bnum.\n\n24. Ganga h\u0113r at gar\u00f0i    gull-hyrndar k\u0233r,\n   \u00f6xn al-svartir    j\u01ebtni at gamni;\n   fj\u01ebl\u00f0 \u0101 ek mei\u00f0ma,    fj\u01ebl\u00f0 \u0101 ek m\u0119nja,\n   einnar m\u0113r Freyju    \u0101vant \u00feykkir.'\n\n25. Var \u00fear at kveldi    of komit snimma,\n   ok fyr j\u01ebtna    \u01ebl fram borit;\n   einn \u0101t oxa,    \u0101tta laxa,\n   kr\u0101sir allar,    \u00fe\u00e6r er konur skyldu,\n   drakk Sifjar verr    s\u0101ld \u00ferj\u016b mja\u00f0ar.\n\n26. \u00de\u0101 kva\u00f0 \u00feat \u00derymr,    \u00feursa dr\u014dttinn:\n   'hvar s\u0101ttu br\u016b\u00f0ir    b\u012bta hvassara?\n   s\u0101k-a-k br\u016b\u00f0ir    b\u012bta brei\u00f0ara,\n   n\u0113 inn meira mj\u01eb\u00f0    mey of drekka.'\n\n27. Sat in al-snotra    amb\u0101tt fyrir,\n   er or\u00f0 of fann    vi\u00f0 j\u01ebtuns m\u0101li:\n   '\u0101t v\u00e6tr Freyja    \u0101tta n\u0101ttum,\n   sv\u0101 var hon \u014d\u00f0-f\u016bs    \u012b J\u01ebtunheima.'\n\n28. Laut und l\u012bnu,    lysti at kyssa,\n   en hann utan st\u01ebkk    \u0119nd-langan sal:\n   'hv\u012b eru \u01ebnd\u014dtt    augu Freyju?\n   \u00feykkir m\u0113r \u014dr augum    eldr of br\u0119nna.'\n\n29. Sat in alsnotra    amb\u0101tt fyrir,\n   er or\u00f0 of fann    vi\u00f0 j\u01ebtuns m\u0101li:\n   'svaf v\u00e6tr Freyja    \u0101tta n\u0101ttum,\n   sv\u0101 var hon \u014d\u00f0f\u016bs    \u012b J\u01ebtunheima.'\n\n30. Inn kom in arma    j\u01ebtna systir,\n   hin er br\u016b\u00f0-fj\u0101r    of bi\u00f0ja \u00feor\u00f0i:\n   'l\u0101ttu \u00fe\u0113r af h\u01ebndum    hringa rau\u00f0a,\n   ef \u00fe\u016b \u01eb\u00f0lask vill    \u0101stir m\u012bnar,\n   \u0101stir m\u012bnar,    alla hylli!'\n\n31. \u00de\u0101 kva\u00f0 \u00feat \u00derymr,    \u00feursa dr\u014dttinn:\n   'beri\u00f0 inn hamar    br\u016b\u00f0i at v\u012bgja,\n   l\u0119ggi\u00f0 Mj\u01ebllni    \u012b meyjar kn\u0113,\n   v\u012bgi\u00f0 okkr saman    V\u0101rar h\u0119ndi!'\n\n32. Hl\u014d Hl\u014dri\u00f0a    hugr \u012b brj\u014dsti,\n   er har\u00f0-huga\u00f0r    hamar of \u00fe\u0119k\u00f0i;\n   \u00derym drap hann fyrstan,    \u00feursa dr\u014dttin,\n   ok \u00e6tt j\u01ebtuns    alla lam\u00f0i.\n\n33. Drap hann ina \u01ebldnu    j\u01ebtna systur,\n   hin er br\u016b\u00f0fj\u0101r    of be\u00f0it haf\u00f0i;\n   hon skell of hlaut    fyr skillinga,\n   en h\u01ebgg hamars    fyr hringa fj\u01ebl\u00f0.\n   Sv\u0101 kom \u014c\u00f0ins sonr    \u0119ndr at hamri.\n\n\nNOTES\n\nThe references marked Gr. are to the paragraphs of the Grammar.\n\nI. THOR\n\nLine 3. *Hann \u0101 \u00fear r\u012bki er \u00der\u016b\u00f0-vangar heita*, 'he reigns\n(there) where it is called \u00de.,' i.e. in the place which is called\n\u00de.  The plur. _heita_ agrees with _\u00fer\u016b\u00f0vangar_, as in l. 14\nbelow: _\u00feat eru j\u0101rngl\u014dfar_ 'that is (his) iron gloves.'\n\nl. 5. *\u00feat er h\u016bs mest, sv\u0101 at m\u0119nn hafa g\u01eb\u0308rt*, 'that is the\nlargest house, so that men have made (it),' i.e. the largest\nhouse that has been built.  Note the plur. _h\u016bs_ of a single\nhouse; each chamber was originally regarded as a house, being\noften a detached building.\n\nl. 13. *sp\u0119nnir \u00feeim*, Gr. \u00a7 154; cp. 2. 49.\n\n\nII. THOR AND \u016aTGAR\u00d0ALOKI\n\nl. 1. *f\u014dr me\u00f0 hafra s\u012bna...ok me\u00f0 honum s\u0101, \u0101ss er...*  We\nsee here that _me\u00f0_ generally takes an acc. to denote passive,\nand a dat. to denote voluntary accompaniment.\n\nl. 5. *so\u00f0it* refers to some such subst. as _sl\u0101tr_ (meat)\nunderstood.\n\nl. 11. *spr\u0119tti \u0101...* _\u0101_ is here an adv.\n\nl. 12. *til m\u0119rgjar.*  _til_ here implies intention--to get at\nthe marrow.\n\nl. 20. *\u00feat er s\u0101 augnanna*, 'the little he saw of the eyes.'--\nThor frowned till his eyebrows nearly covered his eyes, and the\nman felt as if he were going to fall down dead at the mere sight\nof them.\n\nl. 21. The second *hann* refers, of course, to Thor.\n\nl. 34. *til myrkrs*, till it was dark.\n\nl. 36. *\u00feeir*, the masc. instead of the neut. pl., as in l. 32\n*foll.*, showing that _leitu\u00f0u_ is meant to refer only to the men\nof the party, and not to include R\u01ebskva.  (Gr. \u00a7 179.)\n\nl. 46. *s\u0113r hvar l\u0101 ma\u00f0r*, 'saw where a man lay,' i.e. saw a man\nlying.\n\nl. 51. *einu sinni*, for once in his life.\n\nl. 52. *n\u0119fndisk Skr\u0233mir*, said his name was Skr.\n\nl. 66. *b\u016bi\u00f0 til* (_prp._) *n\u0101tt-ver\u00f0ar y\u00f0r*, prepare supper for\nyourselves.\n\nl. 77. *Er \u00feat \u00fe\u0113r satt at s\u0119gja*.  _satt_ is in apposition to\n_\u00feat_--'that is to be told you as the truth, (namely) that...'\n\nl. 88. *sj\u0101 sik*, see himself alive.\n\nl. 104. *\u00feann* = _\u00feann veg_, that way, course.\n\nl. 108. *at \u00e6sirnir b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fe\u0101 heila hittask*.  The full sense is,\n'that Thor and Loki expressed a wish that they and Skr\u0233mir might\nmeet again safe and sound.'\n\nll. 111, 112. *s\u0119ttu hnakkann \u0101 bak s\u0113r aptr*, threw back the\nbacks of their heads till they touched their backs, i.e. threw\nback their heads.\n\nl. 118. *\u0153rit st\u014dra*, 'rather big,' i.e. very big.\n\nl. 120. *glotti um t\u01ebnn*, 'grinned round a tooth,' i.e. showed\nhis teeth in a malicious grin.  Two MSS. read _vi\u00f0_ instead of\n_um_.\n\nl. 121. *er annan veg en ek hygg, at...?*  is it otherwise than\nas I think, namely that...?  i.e. am I not right in thinking\nthat...?\n\nl. 127. *engi er h\u0113r s\u0101 inni er...* = engi er h\u0113r-inni s\u0101-er...\n\nl. 129. *freista skal*, Gr. \u00a7 192.\n\nl. 140. *kallar \u00feess meiri v\u0101n at hann s\u0113...*  'says that there\nis more probability of that, namely that he is...than of the\ncontrary,' i.e. says that he will have to be...\n\nl. 150. *f\u014dthvatari en sv\u0101*, 'more swift-footed than so--under\nthese circumstances,' i.e. than you.\n\nl. 156. *ok er \u00dej\u0101lfl eigi \u00fe\u0101 kominn...* = \u00fe\u0101 er \u00dej\u0101lfi eigi\nkominn...\n\nl. 172. *at sinni*, this time.\n\nl. 172. *hann*, acc.\n\nl. 173. *laut \u014dr horninu*, bent back from the horn.\n\nl. 188. *mestr* refers to _drykkr_ understood.\n\nl. 218. *kalli*, Gr. \u00a7 192.\n\nl. 241. *\u00fe\u014d* refers to _uni_.\n\n\nIII. BALDER\n\nl. 7. *engi* agrees with _d\u014dmr_.\n\n\nIV. THE DEATH OF BALDER\n\nl. 11. *hann*, acc.\n\nl. 20. *ungr*, too young.\n\nl. 31. *\u016b-happ* is in apposition to _\u00feat_; cp. 3. 7.\n\nll. 33, 34. *v\u0101ru me\u00f0 einum hug til...*  had the same feelings\ntowards.\n\nl. 36. *var...fyrr*, was beforehand, prevented.\n\nl. 42. *vili*, subj. 'whether he will';--change of construction.\n\nl. 55. *nema*, 'unless,' here = 'until.'\n\nl. 89. *heim*.  This use of _heim_ in the sense of 'someone\nelse's home.' is frequent.  Cp. our 'drive a nail home.'\n\nl. 94. *sv\u0101* refers to _ok ef allir hlutir..._, the _ok_ being\npleonastic.\n\nl. 108. *hvar*, cp. 2. 46.\n\nl. 113. *karl*, 'old man,' here = Odin.\n\n\nV. H\u0112\u00d0INN AND HEGNI\n\nl. 6. *H\u0113\u00f0inn* = hann; this use of a proper name instead of a\npronoun is frequent.\n\nl. 9. *\u00fear*.  Cp. 1. 3.\n\n\nVI. THE DEATH OF OLAF TRYGGVASON\n\nl. 17. *sv\u0101 at*, so that, i.e. just when.\n\nl. 30. *er*, namely that.\n\nl. 33. *austan at sigla*, is in a kind of apposition to\n_f\u0119r\u00f0ina_.\n\nl. 40. *sv\u0101*, also.\n\nl. 48. *muni fyrir*, awaits you, is impending.\n\nl. 53. *meira*, adv., better, faster.\n\nl. 149. *bar hann h\u0101tt*, impers. w. acc.; he was in a conspicuous\nplace.\n\nl. 244. *vi\u00f0 fimt\u0101nda mann*, one of fifteen, with fourteen men.\n\nl. 259. *v\u0101pna* is governed by the second half of the genitival\ncompound _kl\u00e6\u00f0a-b\u016bna\u00f0_, which is here considered as two\nindependent words.\n\n\nVII. AU\u00d0UN\n\nl. 17. *var fyrir*, was to be found.\n\nl. 26. *tvau ver\u00f0 sl\u012bk*, double the price you gave.\n\nl. 55. *f\u0113* is probably dat. here, but may be nom.\n\nl. 56. *\u0119ptir sem...*, according as, in accordance with what.\n\nl. 64. *n\u016b...n\u016b*, lately...just now.\n\nl. 116. *h\u0119ldr* is here used pleonastically in a kind of\napposition to the preceding _b\u0119tr_.\n\nl. 125. *en*, and = while.\n\nl. 129. *\u00feessi einn var sv\u0101 hlutrinn, at...*, this single thing\nis the case, namely that... i.e. the only thing is that...\n\n\nVIII. \u00deRYMSKVI\u00d0A\n\nl. 7. *jar\u00f0ar* is governed by _hv\u0119rgi_.\n\nl. 9. *t\u016bna*.  Poetical construction of gen. to denote goal of\nmotion.\n\nl. 15. *\u00fe\u014d* goes with the following _at_ = _ok s\u0119lja, \u00fe\u014dat_\n(_\u00fe\u014dtt_) _v\u00e6ri \u014dr silfri_.\n\nl. 32. *f\u0153ri* may be either sg. or pl. 3 pers.\n\n\n\nGLOSSARY\n\n\u00e6 _follows_ a\u00f0, \u00f0 _follows_ d, \u0119 _follows_ e, \u0153 _follows_ o\u00f0, \u01eb\n_follows_ o, \u00f6 _follows_ \u01eb, \u00fe _follows_ t.\n\nThe declensions of nouns are only occasionally given.\n\n(-rs) etc. means that the _r_ of the nom. is kept in inflection.\n\nA\n\n-a  _adv._ not.\n\u0101  _sf._ river.\n\u0101  _see_ *eiga*.\n\u0101  _prp. w. acc. and dat._ on, in.\n\u0101\u00f0r  _adv., cj._ before.\na\u00f0rir  _see_ *annar*.\n\u00e6sir  _see_ *\u0101ss*.\n\u00e6tla  _wv._ 3, consider, deem: '\u00e6tlask fyrir,' intend.\n\u00e6tt  _sf._ 2, race, descent, family.\n\u00e6tta  _see_ *eiga*.\naf  _prp. w. dat._ from; of; with; _adv._ 'drekka af,' drink off.\naf-h\u016bs  _sn._ out-house, side room.\nafl  _sn._ strength, might.\naf-taka  _wf._ damage, injury.\n\u0101g\u00e6tliga  _adv._ splendidly.\naka  _sv._ 2, drive (a chariot, etc.).\n\u0101kafliga  _adv._ vehemently, hard--'kalla a.' call loudly.\nakarn  _sn._ acorn.\nakkeri  _sn._ anchor.\n\u0101lar-\u0119ndir  _sm._ thong-end, end of a strap.\nal-b\u016binn  _adj. w. gen._ quite ready.\naldinn  _adj._ old.\naldri  _adv._ never.\n\u0101-l\u0119ng\u00f0ar  _adv._ for some time.\n\u0101lfr  _sm._ elf.\n\u0101-lit  _snpl._ appearance, countenance [l\u012bta].\nall-har\u00f0r  _adj._ very hard, very violent.\nall-l\u012btill  _adj._ very little.\nall-mann-sk\u0153\u00f0r  _adj._ (very injurious to men), very murderous\n    (of a battle) [ska\u00f0i, 'injury'].\nall-mikill  _adj._ very great.\nallr  _adj._ all, whole; 'me\u00f0 \u01ebllu,' entirely; 'alls fyrst,'\n    first of all.\nall-st\u014drum  _adv._ very greatly.\nall-valdr  _sm._ monarch, king.\nal-snotr  _adj._ very clever.\nal-svartr  _adj._ very black, coal-black.\nalt  _adv._ quite.\namb\u0101tt  _sf._ 2, female slave, maid.\nand-lit  _sn._ face [l\u012bta].\nannarr  _prn._ second; following, next; other; one of the two--\n    'annar...annarr,' one...the other.\naptann  _sm._ evening.\naptastr  _adj._ most behind.\naptr  _adv._ back, backwards, behind.\n\u0101r  _sf._ oar.\n\u0101r  _sn._ year.\n\u0101r  _see_ *\u0101*.\nargr  _adj._ cowardly, base.\n\u0101r-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ steward.\narmr  _adj._ wretched.\n\u0101s-m\u0119gin  _sn._ divine strength.\n\u0101ss  _sm._ 3, (Scandinavian) god.\n\u0101st  _sf._ 2, affection, love, _often in pl._\n\u0101st-s\u00e6ll  _adj._ beloved, popular.  [s\u00e6ll, 'happy'].\n\u0101synja  _wf._ (Scandinavian) goddess [\u0101ss].\n\u0101t  _see_ *eta*.\nat  _prp. w. dat._ at, by; to, towards, up to; for; in accordance\n    with, after.\nat  _adv._ to.\n-at  _adv._ not.\nat-laga  _wf._ attack [l\u0119ggja].\nat-r\u014d\u00f0r (-rar)  _sm._ 2, rowing against, attack.\n\u0101tta  _num._ eight.\n\u0101tta  see *eiga*.\nau\u00f0-k\u0119ndr  _adj._ easy to be recognized, easily distinguishable.\nau\u00f0r  _adj._ desert, deserted, without men.\nau\u00f0-s\u0113nn  _adj._ evident.\nauga  _wn._ eye.\naug-s\u0233n  _sf._ sight.\nauka  _sv._ 1, increase; _impers., w. dat. of what is added_ 'j\u014dk\n    n\u016b miklu \u0101,' much was added to it (his hesitation increased).\naustan  _adv._ from the east.\naust-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ Easterner, Norwegian.\naustr  _sn._ the east--'\u012b au.,' eastwards.\naustr  _adv._ eastwards.\naustr-vegr  _sm._ the East, _especially_ Russia.\n\u0101valt  _adv._ continually, all the time.\n\u0101-vanr  _adj._ wanting; _impers. neut. in_ 'einnar m\u0113r Freyju\n    \u0101vant \u00feykkir,' Freyja alone I seem to want.\n\u0101-vinnr  _adj._ toilsome, _only in the impers. neut._ 'mun \u0101-vint\n    ver\u00f0a um s\u01ebxin,' it will be a hard fight at the prow.\n\nB\n\nba\u00f0  _see_ *bi\u00f0ja*.\nb\u0101\u00f0ir  _prn._ both, _neut. as adv. in_ 'b\u00e6\u00f0i...ok,' both...and.\nb\u0101\u00f0u  _see_ *bi\u00f0ja*.\nb\u01e3\u00f0a  _see_ *bi\u00f0ja*.\nb\u01e3\u00f0i  _see_ *b\u0101\u00f0ir*.\nbaggi  _wm._ bag; bundle.\nbak  _sn._ back, 'v\u0119rja eitt baki,' defend a thing with the back,\n    i.e. turns one's back to it = be a coward.\nbak-bor\u00f0i  _wm._ larboard.\nb\u0101l  _sn._ flame; funeral pile.\nb\u0101l-f\u01ebr  _sf._ funeral.\nbani  _wm._ death.\nbar  _see_ *bera*.\nbardagi  _wm._ battle.\nbar\u00f0  _sn._ edge, rim; projection in the prow of a ship formed by\n    the continuation of the keel.\nbar\u00f0a  _see_ *b\u0119rja*.\nbar\u00f0i  _wm._ war-ship with a sharp prow, ram.\nbarn  _sn._ child.\nbatt  _see_ *binda*.\nbau\u00f0  _see_ *bj\u014d\u00f0a*.\nbei\u00f0a  _wv._ 1, _w. gen. of thing and dat. of pers. benefited_,\n    ask, demand.\nbein  _sn._ bone.\nb\u0119kkr  _sm._ 2, bench.\nb\u0119lla  _wv._ 1, occupy oneself with, deal in, _generally in a bad\n    sense_.\nbera  _sv._ 4, carry, take; bear, endure.  berask at, happen.\n    b. fram, bring forward, out.  b. v\u0101pn ni\u00f0r, shoot down.  b.\n    r\u0101\u00f0 s\u012bn saman, hold council, deliberate.\nberg-risi  _wm._ hill-giant.\nb\u0119rja  _wv._ 1b, strike--'b. grj\u014dti,' stone.  *b\u0119rjask*, fight.\nb\u0119rr  _adj._ bare, unsheathed (of a sword).\nber-s\u0119rkr  _sm._ 2, wild fighter, champion.  [Literally\n    'bear-shirt,' i.e. one clothed in a bear's skin.]\nb\u0119tr  _see_ *vel*.\nb\u0119tri  _see_ *g\u014d\u00f0r*.\nb\u0119zt  _see_ *vel*.\nb\u0119ztr  _see_ *g\u014d\u00f0r*.\nbeygja  _wv._ 1, bend, arch.\nb\u012b\u00f0a  _sv._ 6, _w. gen._ wait for; _w. acc._ abide, undergo.\nbi\u00f0ja  _sv._ 5, ask, beg, pray, _w. gen. of thing, acc. of the\n    pers. asked, and dat. of the person benefited_; express a\n    wish, bid--'ba\u00f0 hann vel kominn' (vera _understood_), bad\n    him welcome; call on, challenge, command, tell.\nbifask  _wv._ 1, tremble, shake.\nbil  _sn._ moment of time.\nbila  _wv._ 2, fail.\nbilt  _neut. adj. only in the impers._ 'einum ver\u00f0r bilt,' one\n    hesitates, is taken aback, is afraid.\nbinda  _sv._ 3, bind, tie up; dress.\nbirta  _wv._ 1, show [bjartr].\nb\u012bta  _sv._ 6, bite; cut.\nbittu  _see_ *binda*.\nbitu  _see_ *b\u012bta*.\nbjarn-d\u0233ri  _sn._ bear.\nbjartr  _adj._ bright, clear.\nbj\u014d  _see_ *b\u016ba*.\nbj\u014d\u00f0a  _sv._ 7, _w. acc. and dat._ offer, propose--'b. einum\n    fang,' challenge to wrestling; invite.  b. upp, give up.\nbj\u01ebrg  _sf._ help; means of subsistence, store of food.\nbl\u0101sa  _sv._ 1, blow; blow trumpet as signal.\nbley\u00f0a  _wf._ coward.\nbl\u012b\u00f0a  _wf._ gentleness, friendliness.\nblindr  _adj._ blind.\nbl\u014d\u00f0  _sn._ blood.\nbl\u014dt-bolli  _wm._ sacrificial bowl.\nb\u0153tr  _see_ *b\u014dt*.\nboga-skot  _sn._ bowshot.\nbogi  _wm._ bow.\nbog-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ bowman, archer.\nb\u014dndi  _sm._ 4, yeoman, householder, (free) man [b\u016ba].\nbor\u00f0  _sn._ side of a ship, board; rim, the margin between the\n    rim of a vessel and the liquid in it--'n\u016b er gott beranda\n    b. \u0101 horninu,' now there is a good margin for carrying the\n    horn, i.e. its contents are so diminished that it can be\n    lifted without spilling.\nborg  _sf._ fortress, castle.\nborg-hli\u00f0  _sn._ castle gate.\nb\u014dt  _sf._ 3, mending, improvement; _plur._ *b\u0153tr*,\n    compensation.\nb\u01ebrn  _see_ *barn*.\nbr\u0101  _sf._ eyelid.\nbr\u0101  _see_ *breg\u00f0a*.\nbrag\u00f0  _sn._ trick, stratagem [breg\u00f0a].\nbrann  _see_ *br\u0119nna*.\nbrast  _see_ *bresta*.\nbr\u0101tt  _adv._ quickly.\nbraut  _sf._ way--*\u0101 braut*, _adv._ away.\nbraut  _see_ *brj\u014dta*.\nbraut, brott  _adv._ away.\nbreg\u00f0a  _sv._ 3, _w. dat._ jerk, pull, push; b. upp, lift, raise\n    (to strike). change, transform.\nbrei\u00f0r  _adj._ broad.\nbr\u0119nna  _wf._ burning; incremation.\nbr\u0119nna  _sv._ 3, burn _intr._\nbr\u0119nna  _wv._ 1, burn _trans._\nbresta  _sv._ 3, break, crack, burst.\nbrestr  _sm._ crack; loss.\nbrj\u014dst  _sn._ breast.\nbrj\u014dta  _sv._ 7, break--'b. (skip)' suffer shipwreck, _also\n    impers._ 'skip (acc.) br\u0233tr,' the ship is wrecked.\nbroddr  _sm._ point.\nbr\u014d\u00f0ir  _sm._ 4, brother.\nbrotinn  _see_ *brj\u014dta*.\nbrotna  _wv._ 3, break _intr._\nbrott  _see_ *braut*.\nbrott-laga  _sf._ retreat.\nbr\u016b  _sf._ bridge.\nbr\u016b\u00f0-f\u0113  _sn._ bridal gift.\nbr\u016b\u00f0r  _sf._ 2, bride.\nbr\u016bn  _sf._ 3, eyebrow.\nbryggja  _wf._ pier.\nbrynja  _wf._ corslet.\nbr\u0233nn  _see_ *br\u016bn*.\nbryn-st\u016bka  _wf._ corslet-sleeve.\nbryti  _see_ *brj\u014dta*.\nbr\u0233tr  _see_ *brj\u014dta*.\nb\u016b  _sn._ dwelling, home.\nb\u016ba  _sv._ 1, dwell; inhabit, possess, prepare.  *b\u016bask*, get\n    ready, prepare _intr._ 'er b\u016bit vi\u00f0 at...' it is likely to\n    be that..., there is danger of...\nbu\u00f0u  _see_ *bj\u014d\u00f0a*.\nb\u016binn  _adj._ ready; in a certain condition--'(vi\u00f0) sv\u0101 b\u016bit'\n    _adv._ under such circumstances; capable, fit for--'vel at\n    s\u0113r b\u016binn,' very capable, very good (at).\nbundu  _see_ *binda*.\nburr  _sm._ son.\nb\u0233\u00f0r  _see_ *bj\u014d\u00f0a*.\nb\u0233r  _see_ *b\u016ba*.\nbyrja  _wv._ 3, begin.\nbyr-v\u00e6nn  _adj._ promising a fair wind.\n\nD\n\ndaga  _wv._ 3, dawn.\ndagan  _sf._ dawn.\ndagr  _sm._ day.\ndalr  _sm._ valley.\ndau\u00f0r  _adj._ dead.\nd\u0119gi  _see_ *dagr*.\ndeyja  _sv._ 2, die.\ndj\u016bpr  _adj._ deep.\nd\u014d  _see_ *deyja*.\nd\u014dmr  _sm._ decision.\nd\u014dttir  _sf._ 3, daughter.\nd\u01ebgur\u00f0r  _sm._ breakfast [-ur\u00f0 = -ver\u00f0r, _cp._ n\u0101ttver\u00f0r].\nd\u014dkkr (-vir)  _adj._ dark.\ndraga  _sv._ 2, draw, drag.  d. saman, collect.\ndrakk  _see_ *drekka*.\ndrap  _see_ *drepa*.\ndraumr  _sm._ dream.\ndr\u0119ginn  _see_ *draga*.\ndreif  _see_ *dr\u012bfa*.\ndr\u0119ki  _wm._ dragon; dragon-ship, ship with a dragon's head as a\n    beak.\ndrekka  _sv._ 3, drink.\ndrepa  _sv._ 5, strike; kill.\ndreyma  _wv._ 1, _impers. w. acc. of pers. and acc. of the thing_\n    dream [draumr].\ndr\u012bfa  _sv._ 6, drive; hasten.\ndrj\u016bpa  _sv._ 7, drop.\ndr\u014d  _see_ *draga*.\ndr\u014dgu  _see_ *draga*.\ndr\u014dttinn  _sm._ lord.\ndr\u014dttin-hollr  _adj._ faithful to its master.\ndrukkinn  _adj. (ptc.)_ drunk.\ndrupu  _see_ *drj\u016bpa*.\ndrykkja  _wf._ drinking [drekka].\ndrykkju-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ drinker.\ndrykkr  _sm._ 2, draught.\nduna  _wv._ 3, resound.\ndun\u00f0i  _see_ *dynja*.\ndval\u00f0a  _see_ *dv\u0119lja*.\ndv\u0119lja  _wv._ 1b, delay.  *dv\u0119ljask*, dwell, stop.\ndvergr  _sm._ dwarf.\ndy\u00f0rill  _sm._ (?).\nd\u0233ja  _wv._ 1b, shake.\ndynja  _wv._ 1b, resound.\nd\u0233r  _sn._ animal, beast.\ndyrr  _sfnpl._ door.\n\nE\n\ne\u00f0a  _cj._ or.\nef  _cj._ if.\n\u0119fna  _wv._ 1, perform, carry out.\n\u0119ggja  _wv._ 3, incite.\nei\u00f0r  _sm._ oath.\neiga  _wf._ property.\neiga  _swv._ possess, have: have as wife, be married to; have _in\n    the sense of_ must.\neigi  _adv._ not; no.\neign  _sf._ property.\neignask  _wv._ 3, appropriate, gain.\neik  _sf._ 3, oak.\neinka-m\u0101l  _snpl._ personal agreement, special treaty.\neinn  _num., prn._ one; the same; a certain, a; alone, only--\n    'einn saman,' alone, mere.\neinn-hv\u0119rr  _prn._ a certain, some, a.\neira  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ spare.\neitr  _sn._ poison.\nek  _prn._ I.\n\u0119k  _see_ *aka*.\nekki  _prn. neut._ nothing; _adv._ not.\neldr  _sm._ fire.\n\u0119lli  _wf._ old age.\nellifti  _adj._ eleventh.\nellifu  _num._ eleven.\nem  _see_ *vera*.\nen  _cj._ but; and.\nen  _adv._ than, _after compar._\n\u0119ndask  _wv._ 1, end, suffice for.\n\u0119ndi, \u0119ndir  _sm._ end.\n\u0119nd-langr  _adj._ the whole length--'\u0119ndlangan sal,' the whole\n    length of the hall.\n\u0119ndr  _adv._ again.\nengi  _prn._ none, no.\n\u0119nn  _adv._ yet, still; besides; after all.\n\u0119ptir  _prp. w. acc._ after (of time).  _w. dat._ along, over;\n    in quest of, after; according to, by.  _adv._ afterwards;\n    behind [aptr].\n\u0119ptri  _adj. compar._ hind.\ner  _prn. rel._ who, which, _rel. adv._ where; when; because,\n    that.\ner  _see_ *vera*.\ner  _see_ *\u00fe\u016b*.\n\u0119rfi\u00f0i  _sn._ work; trouble.\nert  _see_ *vera*.\neru  _see_ *vera*.\neta  _sv._ 5, eat.\ney  _sf._ island.\n\nF\n\nf\u0101  _sv._ 1, grasp; receive, get; give; be able.  *f\u0101sk*,\n    wrestle.  *f\u0101sk \u0101*, be obtained, be.\nfa\u00f0ir  _sm._ 4, father.\nf\u00e6r  _see_ *f\u0101*.\nf\u00e6str  _see_ *f\u0101r*.\nfagna\u00f0r  _sm._ 2, joy; entertainment, hospitality.\nfagr  _adj._ beautiful, fair, fine.\nfagrliga  _adv._ finely.\nfall  _sn._ fall.\nfalla  _sv._ 1, fall.  *fallask*, be forgotten, fail.\nfang  _sn._ embrace, grasp; wrestling.\nfann  _see_ *finna*.\nf\u0101r  _adj._ few--_neut._ f\u0101tt _w. gen._: 'f\u0101tt manna,' few men.\nfara  go, travel--_w. gen. in such constr. as_ 'f. f\u0119r\u00f0ar\n    sinnar,' go his way; fare (well, ill); happen, turn out;\n    experience; 'f. me\u00f0 einu,' deal with, treat; destroy, use\n    up _w. dat._  *farask* _impers. in_ 'f\u0119rsk \u00feeim vel,' they\n    have a good passage.\nfarmr  _sm._ lading, cargo.\nfastr  _adj._ firm, fast, strong.\nf\u0113  _sn._ property, money.\nf\u0119\u00f0rum  _see_ *fa\u00f0ir*.\nfekk  _see_ *f\u0101*.\nf\u0119gr\u00f0  _sf._ beauty [fagr].\nf\u0119grstr  _see_ *fagr*.\nfeikn-stafir  _smpl._ 2, wickedness.\nfela  _sv._ 3, hide.\nf\u0113lagi  _wm._ companion.\nf\u0113-lauss  _adj._ penniless.\nf\u0113-l\u012btill  _adj._ with little money, poor.\nfell  _see_ *falla*.\nf\u0119lla  _wv._ 1, fell, throw down; kill [falla].\nfengu, f\u0119nginn  _see_ *f\u0101*.\nf\u0119r  _see_ *fara*.\nf\u0119r\u00f0  _sf._ 2, journey [fara].\nfer-skeyttr  _adj._ four-cornered.\nfimm  _num._ five.\nfimt\u0101ndi  _adj._ fifteenth.\nfinna  _sv._ 3, find; meet, go to see; notice, see.\nfja\u00f0r-hamr  _sm._ feathered (winged) coat.\nfjall  _sn._ mountain.\nfj\u0101r  _see_ *f\u0113*.\nfjara  _sf._ ebb-tide; beach.\nfjogur  _see_ *fj\u014drir*.\nfj\u014dr\u00f0i  _adj._ fourth.\nfj\u014drir  _num._ four.\nfj\u01ebl\u00f0  _wf._ quantity.\nfj\u01ebl-kyngi  _sn._ magic.\nfj\u01ebl-m\u0119nni  _sn._ multitude; troop [ma\u00f0r].\nfj\u01ebr\u00f0r  _sm._ 3, firth.\nfj\u01ebrur  _see_ *fjara*.\nfl\u0101  _sv._ 2, flay, skin.\nflaug  _see_ *flj\u016bga*.\nfl\u0119ginn  _see_ *fl\u0101*.\nflestr  _see_ *margr*.\nflj\u014dta  _sv._ 7, float, drift.\nflj\u016bga  _sv._ 7, fly.\nfl\u014d  _see_ *flj\u016bga*.\nfloti  _wm._ fleet [flj\u014dtal.\nfl\u014dtti  _wm._ flight [fl\u0233ja].\nflugu  _see_ *flj\u016bga*.\nfluttu  _see_ *flytja*.\nfl\u0233ja  _wv._ 1, flee.\nflytja  _wv._ 1b. remove, bring.\nfn\u0101sa  _wv._ 3, snort.\nf\u0153ra  _wv._ 1, bring, take; fasten [fara].\nf\u0153rir  _see_ *fara*.\nf\u0153ti  _see_ *f\u014dt*.\nf\u014dlginn  _see_ *fela*.\nf\u014dlk  _sn._ multitude, troop; people.\nf\u014dr  _see_ *fara*.\nfor-t\u01eblur  _wpl._ representations, arguments [tala].\nf\u014dstra  _wf._ nurse.\nf\u014dt-hvatr  _adj._ swift-footed.\nf\u014dtr  _sm._ foot; leg.\nf\u01eb\u00f0ur  _see_ *fa\u00f0ir*.\nf\u01ebr  _sf._ journey [fara].\nf\u01ebru-neyti  _sn._ company [nj\u014dta].\nfr\u0101  _prp._ from, away from; about, concerning.  '\u012b fr\u0101' _adv._\n    away.\nfr\u00e6ndi  _sm._ 4, relation.\nfr\u0101-fall  _sn._ death.\nfram  _adv._ forward, forth.  _compar._ *framar*, ahead.\nframastr  _adj. superl._ chief, most distinguished.\nframi  _wm._ advantage, courage.\nframi\u00f0r  _see_ *fr\u0119mja*.\nfram-stafn  _sm._ prow.\nfr\u0101-s\u01ebgn  _sf._ narrative, relation.\nfreista  _wv._ 3, _w. gen._ try, test.\nfr\u0119mja  _wv._ 1b, perform [fram].\nfri\u00f0r  _sm._ 2, peace.\nfr\u012b\u00f0r  _adj._ beautiful, fine.\nfr\u014d\u00f0r  _adj._ learned, wise.\nfr\u0153kn  _adj._ bold, daring.\nfrost  _sn._ frost.\nfugl  _sm._ bird.\nfull-kominn  _adj._ (_ptc._) complete; ready (for).\nfullr  _adj._ full.\nfundr  _sm._ 2, meeting [finna].\nfundu  _see_ *finna*.\nfur\u00f0u  _adv._ awfully, very.\nf\u016bss  _adj._ eager.\nfylgja  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ follow; accompany.\nfylki  _sn._ troop [f\u014dlk].\nfylkja  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ draw up (troops) [f\u014dlk].\nfylla  _wv._ 1, fill [fullr].\nfyr, fyrir  _prp. w. acc. and dat._ before; beyond, over--'f.\n    bor\u00f0,' overboard; instead of--'koma f.'  _adv._ be given as\n    compensation; for; because of.  'f. \u00fev\u012b at,' because.\n    'l\u012btill. f. s\u0113r,' insignificant.\nfyrir-r\u016bm  _sn._ fore-hold, chief-cabin.\nfyrirr\u016bms-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ man in the fore-hold.\nfyrr  _adv. compar._ before, formerly.  _superl._ *fyrst*, first.\nfyrri  _adj. compar._ former.  _superl._ *fyrstr*, first.\nf\u0233sa  _wv._ 1, hasten _trans.--impers._ 'braut f\u0233sir mik,' I feel\n    a desire to go away [f\u016bss].\n\nG\n\ng\u0101  _wv._ 1, _w. gen._ heed, care for.\ng\u00e6fa  _wf._ luck [gefa].\ng\u00e6ta  _wv._ 1, watch, take care of [geta].\ngaf  _see_ *gefa*.\ng\u00e6fu-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ lucky man.\ngaflak  _sn._ javelin.\ngamall  _adj._ old.\ngaman  _sn._ amusement, joy.\nganga  _sv._ 1, go, _with gen. of goal in poetry_; attack--'g. \u0101\n    skip,' board a ship.  g. af, be finished.  g. til, come up.\n    g. upp, land; board a ship; be used up, expended (of money).\ngar\u00f0r  _sm._ enclosure, court; dwelling.\ngat  _see_ *geta*.\ngefa  _sv._ 5, give.\ng\u0119gnum, \u012b g\u0119gnum  _prp. w. gen._ through.\ngekk  _see_ *ganga*.\ng\u0119lti  _see_ *g\u01ebltr*.\ng\u0119nginn, g\u0119ngr, gengu  _see_ *ganga*.\ngeta  _sv._ 5, _w. gen._ mention, speak of; guess, suppose.\ngeysi  _adv._ excessively.\ngipta  _wf._ luck [gefa].\ngiptu-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ lucky man.\ngjafar  _see_ *gj\u01ebf*.\ngj\u01ebf  _sf._ gift.\nglotta  _wv._ 2, smile maliciously, grin.\ngl\u00e6siligr  _adj._ magnificent.\ngn\u0233r  _sm._ din, noise.\ng\u014d\u00f0r  _adj._ good--'gott er til eins,' it is easy to get at,\n    obtain.\ng\u014dlf  _sn._ floor; apartment, room.\ngott  _see_ *g\u014d\u00f0r*.\ng\u01ebfugr  _adj._ distinguished [gefa].\ng\u01ebltr  _sm._ 3, boar.\ng\u01ebmul  _see_ *gamall*.\ng\u01eb\u0308ra  _wv._ 1c, do, make.  *g\u01eb\u0308rask*, set about doing; be made\n    into, become.  *g\u01eb\u0308ra at*, accomplish, carry out.\ng\u01eb\u0308rsimi  _wf._ article of value, treasure.\ngranda  _wv._ 3, _w. dat._ injure.\ngr\u0101r  _adj._ gray.\ngras  _sn._ grass; plant, flower.\ngr\u0101ta  _sv._ 1, weep, mourn for.\ngr\u0101tr  _sm._ weeping.\ngrei\u00f0a  _wv._ 1, put in order, arrange.\ngreip  _see_ *gr\u012bpa*.\ngres-j\u0101rn  _sn._ iron wire (?).\ngrey  _sn._ dog.\ngri\u00f0  _snpl._ peace, security.\ngri\u00f0a-sta\u00f0r  _sm._ sanctuary.\ngrind  _sf._ 3, lattice door, wicket.\ngr\u012bpa  _sv._ 6, seize.\ngripr  _sm._ 2, article of value, treasure.\ngrj\u014dt  _sn._ stone (collectively).\ngr\u014da  _sv._ 1, grow; heal.\ngr\u0153r  _see_ *gr\u014da*.\ngruna  _wv._ 3, _impers._--'mik grunar,' I suspect, think.\ngrunr  _sm._ 2, suspicion.\ngull  _sn._ gold.\ngull-band  _sn._ gold band.\ngull-b\u016binn  _adj._ adorned with gold.\ngull-hringr  _sm._ gold ring.\ngull-hyrndr  _adj._ (_ptc._) with gilt horns.\ngull-ro\u00f0inn  _adj._ (_ptc._) gilt.\ng\u0233gr  _sf._ giantess.\ngyltr  _adj._ (_ptc._) gilt.\ngyr\u00f0a  _wv._ 1, gird.\n\nH\n\nh\u00e6str  _see_ *h\u0101r*.\nh\u00e6tta  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ desist from, stop.\nh\u00e6ttligr  _adj._ dangerous, threatening.\nh\u00e6ttr  _adj._ dangerous.\nhaf  _sn._ sea.\nhafa  _wv._ 1, have; 'h. einn n\u00e6r einu,' bring near to, expose\n    to; use, utilize.  at hafask, undertake.  til hafa, have at\n    hand.\nhafna  _see_ *h\u01ebfn*.\nhafr  _sm._ goat.\nhafr-staka  _wf._ goatskin.\nhagliga  _adv._ neatly.\nhagr  _sm._ condition; advantage--'\u00fe\u0113r mun h. \u0101 vera,' will avail\n    thee, be profitable to you.\nhag-st\u0153\u00f0r  _adj._ favourable.\nhalda  _sv._ 1, _w. dat._ hold (also with prp. _\u0101_); keep.  _w.\n    acc._ observe, keep (laws, etc.).  _intr._ take a certain\n    direction, go.\nh\u0101lfr  _adj._ half.\nh\u0101lfu  _adv._ by half, half as much again.\nhallar  _see_ *h\u01ebll*.\nhallar-g\u014dlf  _sn._ hall floor.\nhaltr  _adj._ lame.\nhamarr  _sm._ hammer.\nhamars-mu\u00f0r  _sm._ thin end of hammer.\nhamar-skapt  _sn._ handle of a hammer.\nhamar-spor  _sn._ mark made by a hammer.\nhana  _see_ *hann*.\nhandar  _see_ *h\u01ebnd*.\nhand-skot  _sn._ throwing with the hand.\nhand-t\u0119kinn  _ptc. pret._ taken by hand, taken alive.\nhann  _prn._ he.\nh\u0101r  _sn._ hair.\nh\u0101r  _adj._ high.\nhar\u00f0-huga\u00f0r  _adj._ stern of mood.\nhar\u00f0r  _adj._ hard; strong.\nhar\u00f0-skeytr  _adj._ strong-shooting [skj\u014dta].\nharmr  _sm._ grief.\nh\u0101ski  _wm._ danger.\nh\u0101-s\u00e6ti  _sn._ high seat, dais [sitja].\nh\u0101s\u00e6tis-kista  _sf._ chest under the dais.\nh\u0101tt  _adv._ high; loudly.\nhaugr  _sm._ mound.\nhauss  _sm._ skull.\nhe\u00f0an  _adv._ hence.\nh\u0119fi  _see_ *hafa*.\nh\u0119fja  _sv._ 2, raise, lift; begin.\nh\u0119fna  _wv._ 1, _w. gen._ revenge, avenge.\nheill  _adj._ sound, safe, prosperous.\nheil-r\u01e3\u00f0i  _sn._ sound advice, good advice [r\u0101\u00f0].\nheim  _adv._ to one's home, home (domum).\nheima  _adv._ at home (domi).\nheima-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ man of the household.\nheim-f\u016bss  _adj._ longing to go home, homesick.\nheimr  _sm._ home, dwelling; world.\nheimta  _wv._ 1, fetch, obtain, get back.\nheita  _sv._ 1, call; _w. dat. of pers. and dat. of thing_\n    promise; _intr._ (_pres._ heiti) be named, called.\nh\u0119ldr  _see_ *halda*.\nh\u0119ldr  _adv. compar._ more willingly, rather, sooner, more;\n    rather, very.\nh\u0119l-grindr  _sf._ the doors of hell.\nh\u0119llir  _sm._ cave.\nhelt  _see_ *halda*.\nh\u0119l-vegr  _sm._ road to hell.\nh\u0119lzt  _adv. superl._ most willingly, soonest, especially, most\n    [h\u0119ldr].\nh\u0119ndi, h\u0119ndr  _see_ *h\u01ebnd*.\nh\u0119nnar, h\u0119nni  _see_ *hann*.\nh\u0119pta  _wv._ 1, bind; hinder, stop.\nh\u0113r  _adv._ here--'h. af,' etc. here-of.\nh\u0119r-bergi  _sn._ quarters, lodgings.\nh\u0119r\u00f0a  _wv._ harden, clench.\nh\u0119r-fang  _sn._ booty.\nh\u0119rja  _wv._ 3, make war, ravage [h\u0119rr].\nh\u0119rr  _sm._ army, fleet.\nherra  _sm._ lord.\nh\u0119r-skip  _sn._ war-ship.\nhestr  _sm._ horse.\nh\u0113t  _see_ *heita*.\nheyra  _wv._ 1, hear.\nhiminn  _sm._ heaven.\nhingat  _adv._ hither.\nhinn  _prn._ that.\nhir\u00f0  _sf._ court.\nhir\u00f0-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ courtier.\nhiti  _wm._ heat.\nhitta  _wv._ come upon, find, meet; _trans._ go to.  *hittask*,\n    meet, _intr._\nhj\u0101  _prp. w. dat._ by, at; in comparison with.\nhj\u0101lmr  _sm._ helmet.\nhj\u014dn  _snpl._ household.\nhla\u00f0a  _sv._ 2, load, heap up; 'h. seglum,' take in sails.\nhl\u00e6ja  _sv._ 2, laugh.\nhlaupa  _sv._ 1, jump, leap; run.\nhlaut  _see_ *hlj\u014dta*.\nhleyp  _see_ *hlaupa*.\nhleypa  _wv._ 1, make to run (i.e. the horse), gallop.\nhl\u012bf  _sf._ shield.\nhl\u012bfa  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ shelter, cover, protect.\nhlj\u014dp  _see_ *hlaupa*.\nhlj\u014dta  _sv._ 7, get, receive.\nhl\u014d\u00f0u  _see_ *hla\u00f0a*.\nhl\u014dgu  _see_ *hl\u00e6ja*.\nhlunnr  _sm._ roller (for launching ships).\nhluti  _wm._ portion [hlj\u014dta].\nhlutr  _sm._ 2, share; portion, part, piece; thing [hlj\u014dta].\nhlut-skipti  _sn._ booty.\nhnakki  _wm._ back of head.\nh\u014df  _see_ *h\u0119fja*.\nhollr  _adj._ gracious, faithful.\nh\u014dlmr  _sm._ small island.\nhon  _see_ *hann*.\nhonum  _see_ *hann*.\nhorn  _sn._ horn.\nh\u0153gri  _adj. compar._ right (hand).\nh\u0153la  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ praise, boast of.\nh\u01ebf\u00f0ingi  _wm._ chief [h\u01ebfu\u00f0].\nh\u01ebf\u00f0a-fj\u01ebl  _sf._ head-board (especially of a bedstead).\nh\u01ebf\u00f0u  _see_ *hafa*.\nh\u01ebfn  _sf._ harbour.\nh\u01ebfu\u00f0  _sn._ head.\nh\u01ebgg  _sn._ stroke.\nh\u01ebgg-ormr  _sm._ viper.\nh\u01ebgg-orrosta  _wf._ 'cutting-fight,' hand-to-hand fight.\nh\u01ebggva  _sv._ 1, hew, cut, strike.\nh\u01ebll  _sf._ hall.\nh\u01ebnd  _sf._ 3, hand; side--'hv\u0101rra-tv\u0119ggju handar,' on both\n    sides, for both parties.\nhr\u00e6ddr  _adj._ frightened, afraid [_ptc._ of hr\u00e6\u00f0ask].\nhr\u00e6\u00f0ask  _wv._ 1, be frightened, fear.\nhr\u00e6zla  _wf._ fear [hr\u00e6\u00f0ask].\nhrafn  _sm._ raven.\nhratt  _see_ *hrinda*.\nhrau\u00f0  _see_ *hrj\u014d\u00f0a*.\nhraut  _see_ *hrj\u014dta*.\nhreyfa  _wv._ 1, move.\nhr\u012b\u00f0  _sf._ period of time.\nhr\u012bm-\u00feurs  _sm._ frost giant.\nhrinda  _sv._ 3, push, launch (ship).\nhrista  _wv._ 1, shake.\nhrj\u014d\u00f0a  _sv._ 7, strip, clear, disable.\nhrj\u014dta  _sv._ 7, start, burst out.\nhr\u01ebkk  _see_ *hr\u00f6kkva*.\nhr\u00f6kkva  _sv._ 3, start back.\nhry\u00f0i  _see_ *hrj\u014dta*.\nhrynja  _wv._ 1b. fall down.\nhr\u0233tr  _see_ *hrj\u014dta*.\nhug\u00f0a  _see_ *hyggja*.\nhugi  _wm._ thought.\nhugr  _sm._ mind, heart; courage, spirit.\nhugsa  _wv._ 3, consider, think.\nhundra\u00f0  _sn._ hundred.\nhur\u00f0  _sf._ 2, door.\nh\u016bs  _sn._ room; house.\nhvar  _adv._ where; that.\nhv\u0101rr  _prn._ which of two; each of the two, both.\nhv\u0101rr-tv\u0119ggja  _prn._ each of the two, both.\nhv\u0101rt  _adv._ whether, _both in direct and indirect questions_.\nhv\u0101rt-tv\u0119ggja  _adv._ 'hv...ok,' both...and.\nhvass  _adj._ sharp.\nhvat  _prn. neut._ what.\nhvart  _adj._ brisk, bold.\nhv\u0113  _adv._ how.\nhverfa  _sv._ 3, turn, go.\nhv\u0119r-gi  _adv._ nowhere--'hv. jar\u00f0ar,' nowhere on earth; in no\n    respect, by no means.\nhv\u0119rnig  _adv._ how [= hv\u0119rn veg.].\nhv\u0119rr  _prn._ who.\nhv\u0119rsu  _adv._ how.\nhv\u012b  _adv._ why.\nhvirfill  _sm._ crown of head.\nhv\u012btna  _wv._ 2, whiten.\nhv\u012btr  _adj._ white.\nhyggja  _wv._ 1b. think, mean, determine [hugr].\nhylli  _wf._ favour [hollr].\n\nI\n\n\u012b  _prp._ in.\n\u012b-huga  _wv._ 3, try to remember, consider [hugr].\nilla  _adv._ ill, badly.\nillr  _adj._ ill, bad.\ninn  _art._ the.\ninn  _adv._ in _compar._ *innar*, further in.\ninna  _wv._ 1, accomplish.\ninnan  _adv._ within, inside.  *fyrir innan* _prp. w. gen._\n    within, in.\ninni  _adv._ in.\nit  _see_ *\u00fe\u016b*.\nit  _see_ *inn*.\n\u012b-\u00fer\u014dtt  _sf._ feat.\n\nJ\n\njafn-brei\u00f0r  _adj._ equally broad.\njafn-h\u01ebfugr  _adj._ equally heavy [h\u0119fja].\njafn-mikill  _adj._ equally great.\njafn-skj\u014dtt  _adv._ equally quick.\njafna  _wv._ 3, smooth; compare _w. dat. of thing compared._\njafnan  _adv._ always.\njarl  _sm._ earl.\nj\u0101rn  _sn._ iron.\nj\u0101rn-gl\u014dfi  _sm._ iron gauntlet.\nj\u0101rn-sp\u01ebng  _sf._ iron plate.\nj\u0101ta  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ agree to.\nj\u014dk  _see_ *auka*.\nj\u01ebr\u00f0  _sf._ earth.\nj\u01ebtun-heimar  _smpl._ home, world of the giants.\nj\u01ebtunn  _sm._ giant.\n\nK\n\nk\u00e6r-leikr  _sm._ love, affection [k\u00e6rr, 'dear'].\nkaf  _sn._ diving; deep water, water under the surface.\nkafa  _wv._ 3, dive.\nkalla  _wv._ 3, cry out, call; assert, maintain; name, call.\nkann  _see_ *kunna*.\nkapp  _sn._ competition.\nkarl  _sm._ man; old man.\nkasta  _wv._ 3, cast, throw.\nkaupa  _wv._ 2, buy.\nk\u0119ngr  _sm._ bend.\nk\u0119nna  _wv._ 1, know; perceive.\nk\u0119rling  _sf._ old woman [karl].\nk\u0119rra  _wf._ chariot.\nk\u0119till  _sm._ kettle.\nkeypta  _see_ *kaupa*.\nkeyra  _wv._ 1, drive.\nkirkja  _wf._ church.\nkirkju-skot  _sn._ wing of a church.\nkj\u014dsa  _sv._ 7, choose.\nklakk-laust  _adv._ uninjured.\nkl\u00e6\u00f0a  _wv._ 1, clothe.\nkl\u00e6\u00f0a-b\u016bna\u00f0r  _sm._ apparel.\nkl\u00e6\u00f0i  _snpl._ clothes.\nkn\u0113  _sn._ knee.\nkn\u012bfr  _sm._ knife.\nkn\u01ebrr  _sm._ merchant-ship.\nkn\u016b\u00f0i  _see_ *kn\u0233ja*.\nkn\u016bi  _wm._ knuckle.\nkn\u016btr  _sm._ knot.\nkn\u0233ja  _wv._ 1b, press with knuckles or knees; exert oneself\n    [kn\u016bi].\nk\u014dlf-skot  _sn._ (distance of a) bolt-shot.\nkoll\u014dttr  _adj._ bald.\nkoma  _sv._ 4. come; happen, turn out; _w. dat._ bring into a\n    certain condition.  *k. fyrir*, be paid in atonement.\n    *komask*, make one's way (by dint of exertion).\nkona  _wf._ woman; wife.\nkonr  _sm._ kind--'alls konar,' all kinds; 'nakkvars konar,' of\n    some kind.\nkonunga-st\u0119fna  _wf._ congress of kings.\nkonungr  _sm._ king.\nkonungs-d\u014dttir  _sf._ king's daughter.\nkonungs-skip  _sn._ king's ship.\nkosinn  _see_ *kj\u014dsa*.\nkost-gripr  _sm._ precious thing, treasure.\nkostr  _sm._ 2, choice--'at \u01eb\u00f0ru kosti,' otherwise; power\n    [kj\u014dsa].\nk\u01ebgur-sveinn  _sm._ little boy, urchin.\nk\u01ebpp  _see_ *kapp*.\nk\u01ebpur-yr\u00f0i  _sn._ boasting [or\u00f0].\nk\u01ebttr  _sm._ 3, cat.\nk\u00f6m  _see_ *koma*.\nkrappa-r\u016bm  _sn._ back cabin.\nkrappr  _adj._ narrow.\nkraptr  _sm._ strength.\nkr\u0101s  _sf._ 2, delicacy.\nkr\u0119fja  _wv._ 1b, _w. acc. of pers. and gen. of thing_, demand.\nkunna  _swv._ know; feel; venture; like to.\nkunnandi  _wf._ knowledge, accomplishments.\nkunnusta  _wf._ knowledge, power.\nkunnr  _adj._ known.\nkurr  _sm._ murmur, rumour.\nkv\u00e6\u00f0i  _sn._ poem.\nkv\u00e6ma  _see_ *koma*.\nkv\u0101n  _sf._ wife.\nkve\u00f0a  _sv._ 5, say.  *kv. \u0101* settle, agree on.\nkv\u0119\u00f0ja  _wf._ salutation [kve\u00f0a].\nkv\u0119\u00f0ja  _wv._ 1b, greet.\nkveld  _sn._ evening--'\u012b kv.,' this evening.\nkveld-s\u01ebngr  _sm._ vespers.\nkvenn-v\u0101\u00f0ir  _sfpl._ woman's clothes.\nkvi\u00f0r  _sm._ 3, stomach, belly.\nkvisa  _wv._ 3, whisper.\nkvistr _sm._ 3, branch, twig.\nkv\u01ebddu  _see_ *kv\u0119\u00f0ja*.\nkykr (-vir)  _adj._ living.\nkykvendi  _sn._ living creature, animal.\nk\u0233ll  _sm._ bag.\nkyn  _sn._ race, lineage.\nk\u0233r  _sf._ 3, cow.\nkyssa  _wv._ 1, kiss.\n\nL\n\nl\u0101  _see_ *liggja*.\nl\u00e6gri  _see_ *l\u0101gr*.\nl\u00e6r-l\u0119ggr  _sm._ thigh-bone.\nl\u00e6t  _see_ *l\u0101ta*.\nlag\u00f0a  _see_ *l\u0119ggja*.\nl\u0101gr  _adj._ low; short of stature [liggja].\nlags-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ companion.\nlagu  _see_ *liggja*.\nlam\u00f0a, lamit  _see_ *l\u0119mja*.\nland  _sn._ land, country.\nland-skj\u0101lfti  _wm._ earthquake.\nlangr  _adj._ long, far.\nl\u0101t  _snpl._ noise.\nl\u0101ta  _sv._ 1, let go; leave; lose; allow; cause, let; behave,\n    act; say.\nlauf  _sn._ foliage.\nlaufs-bla\u00f0  _sn._ (blade of foliage), leaf.\nlaug  _sf._ bath.\nlaun  _snpl._ reward.\nlauna  _wv._ 3, reward, requite _w. dat. of the thing given and\n    of the pers., and acc. of the thing requited._\nlauss  _adj._ loose; shaky, unsteady; free from obligation.\nlaust  _see_ *lj\u014dsta*.\nlaut  _see_ *l\u016bta*.\nlax  _sm._ salmon.\nle\u00f0r-hosa  _wf._ leather bag.\nl\u0119ggja  _wv._ 1b, lay, put; 'l. eitt fyrir einn,' give, settle\n    on; 'l. sik fram,' exert oneself; _intr. w._ skip\n    _understood_ sail, row--*l. at*, land; attack; *l. fr\u0101*,\n    retreat, draw off; pierce, make a thrust.  *l\u0119ggjask*, set\n    out, proceed; swim [liggja].\nlei\u00f0  _sf._ way--'koma einu til lei\u00f0ar,' carry out [l\u012b\u00f0a].\nlei\u00f0  _see_ *l\u012b\u00f0a*.\nlei\u00f0a  _wv._ 1, lead, conduct [l\u012b\u00f0a].\nlei\u00f0angr (-rs)  _sm._ levy [lei\u00f0].\nleiga  _wv._ 1, borrow.\nleikr  _sm._ game; athletic sports, contest.\nleita  _wv._ 3, _w. gen. and dat._ seek; take to, have recourse\n    to.  *leitask*, feel one's way [l\u012bta].\nl\u0119mja  _wv._ 1b, break.\nl\u0119ng\u00f0  _sf._ length [langr].\nl\u0119ngi  _adv._ long (of time) [langr].\nl\u0119ngstr  _see_ *langr*.\nl\u0113t  _see_ *l\u0101ta*.\nl\u0119tja  _wv._ 1b, _w. acc. of pers. and gen. of thing_, hinder,\n    dissuade.\nl\u0113tta  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ lift.\nleyniliga  _adv._ secretly.\nleysa  _wv._ 1, loosen, untie, open [lauss].\nli\u00f0  _sn._ troop.\nl\u012b\u00f0a  _sv._ 6, go; pass (of time); _impers._ *l\u012b\u00f0r*, _w. dat._\n    fare, get on.  _impers._ 'l\u012b\u00f0r \u0101 (n\u0101ttina),' (the night) is\n    drawing to a close.\nl\u012bf  _sn._ life--'\u0101 l\u012bfi,' alive.\nlifa  _wv._ 2, live.\nliggja  _sv._ 5, lie.  *l. til*, be fitting.\nl\u012bk  _sn._ body; corpse.\nl\u012bka  _wv._ 3, _w. dat._ please.\nl\u012bki  _sn._ form [l\u012bk].\nl\u012bking  _sf._ likeness, similarity [l\u012bkr].\nl\u012bknsamr  _adj._ gracious.\nl\u012bkr  _adj._ like.\nl\u012bn  _sn._ linen; linen headdress.\nlist  _sf._ art.\nl\u012bta  _sv._ 6, look at; regard, consider--'l. til eins.' turn to,\n    acknowledge greeting.  *l\u012btask* _impers. w. dat._ seem.\nlitask  _wv._ 3, look round one [l\u012bta].\nl\u012btill  _adj._ little, small--'l\u012btit ve\u00f0r,' not very windy\n    weather.  *l\u012btlu* _adv._ by a little, a little.\nl\u012btil-r\u00e6\u00f0i  _sm._ degradation [r\u0101\u00f0].\nlitr  _sm._ 3, colour, complexion; appearance [l\u012bta].\nl\u012bzk  _see_ *l\u012bta*.\nlj\u0101  _wv._ 1, _w. gen. and dat._ lend.\nlj\u014dsta  _sv._ 7, strike, _w. dat. of instr. and acc. of the thing\n    struck_--'l. \u0101rum \u012b s\u00e6,' dip the oars into the sea, begin to\n    row.\nlofa  _wv._ 3, praise.\nl\u014dga  _wv._ 3, _w. dat._ part with.\nlogi  _wm._ flame.\nlokinn  _see_ *l\u016bka*.\nlopt  _sn._ air--'\u0101 l.,' up.\nl\u016bka  _sv._ 7, lock, close; _impers._ 'l\u0233kr einu,' it is\n    finished, exhausted.  'l. upp,' unlock, open.\nlukla  _see_ *lykill*.\nlustu  _see_ *lj\u014dsta*.\nl\u016bta  _sv._ 7, bend, bow.\nlygi  _wf._ lie, falsehood.\nlyk\u00f0  _sf._ ending--'at lyk\u00f0um,' finally.\nlykill  _sm._ key [l\u016bka].\nlypta  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ lift [lopt].\nlypting  _sf._ raised place (castle) on the poop of a warship\n    [lypta].\nl\u0233sa  _wv._ 1, shine.\nl\u0233si-gull  _sn._ bright gold.\nl\u0233st  _see_ *lj\u014dsta*.\nlysta  _wv._ 1, _impers. w. acc._ desire.\n\nM\n\nm\u0101  _see_ *mega*.\nma\u00f0r  _sm._ 4, man.\nm\u00e6la (m\u00e6lta)  _wv._ 1, speak--'m. vi\u00f0 einu,' refuse; suggest.\nm\u00e6r  _sf._ virgin, maid.\nm\u00e6tta  _see_ *mega*.\nmagr (-ran)  _adj._ thin.\nm\u0101gr  _sm._ kinsman, relation, connection.\nmakligr  _adj._ fitting.\nm\u0101l  _sn._ narrative; _in plur._ poem; proper time, time.\nm\u0101lmr  _sm._ metal.\nmann  _see_ *ma\u00f0r*.\nmann-f\u014dlk  _sn._ troops, crew.\nmann-hringr  _sm._ ring of men.\nmannliga  _adv._ manlily.\nmargr  _adj._ many, much.\nmark  _sn._ mark; importance.\nmarka  _wv._ 3, infer.\nmarr  _sm._ horse.\nmart  _see_ *margr*.\nmatask  _wv._ 3, eat a meal.\nmatr  _sm._ 2, food.\nm\u0101tta  _see_ *mega*.\nm\u0101ttr  _sm._ 2, might, strength.\nme\u00f0  _prp. w. acc. and dat._ with.\nme\u00f0al  _s._ middle--\u0101 m.  _w. gen._ between.\nme\u00f0an  _adv._ whilst.\nmega  _swv._ can, may.\nmegin  --'\u01eb\u00f0rum m.,' on the other side; '\u01ebllum m.,' on all sides\n    [_corruption of_ vegum].\nm\u0119gin-gjar\u00f0ar  _sfpl._ girdle of strength [mega].\nmei\u00f0mar  _sfpl._ treasures.\nmeiri  _see_ *mikill*.\nm\u0119n  _sn._ necklace, piece of jewelry.\nm\u0119nn  _see_ *ma\u00f0r*.\nm\u0113r  _see_ *ek*.\nm\u0119rgr  _sm._ 2, marrow.\nm\u0119rki  _sn._ mark; banner [mark].\nmest  _see_ *mikill*.\nmeta  _sv._ 5, measure; estimate.\nmey  _see_ *m\u00e6r*.\nmi\u00f0-gar\u00f0r  _sm._ (middle enclosure), world.\nmi\u00f0gar\u00f0s-ormr  _sm._ world-serpent.\nmi\u00f0r  _adj._ middle.\nmik  _see_ *ek*.\nmikill  _adj._ big, tall, great.  *mikit* _adv._ much, very.\nmiklu  _adv._ (_instr._) much.\nmilli, \u0101 milli  _prp._ between, among.\nminjar  _sfpl._ remembrance, memorial.\nminn  _see_ *ek*.\nminni  _see_ *l\u012btill*.\nminnr  _adv._ less.\nmis-l\u012bka  _wv._ 3, _w. dat._ displease, not please.\nmissa  _wf._ loss, want.\nmissa  _wv._ 1, _w. gen._ lose; do without.\nmistil-teinn  _sm._ mistletoe [teinn, 'twig'].\nmitt  _see_ *ek*.\nmj\u01eb\u00f0r  _sm._ 3, mead.\nmj\u01ebk  _adv._ very.\nm\u014d\u00f0ir  _sf._ 3, mother.\nm\u014d\u00f0r  _sm._ anger.\nm\u0153task  _wv._ 1, meet _intr._ [m\u014dt].\nm\u01ebn  _sf._ mane.\nmorginn  _sm._ morning.\nm\u01ebrk  _sf._ 3, forest.\nm\u01ebrum  _see_ *marr*.\nm\u014dt  _sn._ meeting.  *\u012b m\u014dti* _prp. w. dat._ against.\nm\u01ebtu-neyti  _sn._ community of food--'l\u0119ggja m. sitt,' make\n    their provision into a common store [matr; nj\u014dta].\nmundu  _see_ *munu*.\nmunnr  _sm._ mouth.\nmunr  _sm._ difference--'\u00feeim mun,' to that extent.\nmunu  _swv._ will, may (of futurity and probability).\nmyndi  _see_ *munu*.\nmyrkr  _sn._ darkness.\nmyrkr  _adj._ dark.\n\nN\n\nn\u0101  _wv._ 1, reach, obtain; succeed in.\nn\u01e3r  _adv. w. dat._ near; nearly.  _superl._ *n\u00e6st*--'\u00fev\u012b n.,'\n    thereupon.\nn\u01e3tr  _see_ *n\u0101tt*.\nnafn  _sn._ name.\nnakkvarr  _prn._ some, a certain.  *nakkvat* _adv._ somewhat;\n    perhaps.\nn\u0101tt  _sf._ 3, night.\nn\u0101tt-b\u014dl  _sn._ night-quarters.\nn\u0101tt-langt  _adv._ the whole night long.\nn\u0101tt-sta\u00f0r  _sm._ night-quarters.\nn\u0101tt\u016bra  _wf._ nature, peculiarity.\nn\u0101tt-ver\u00f0r  _sm._ 2, supper.\nnau\u00f0-syn  _sf._ necessity.\nnaut  _see_ *nj\u014dta*.\nne\u00f0an  _adv._ below.  *fyrir n.* _prp. w. dat._ below.\nn\u0119fja  _adj._ long-nosed (?).\nn\u0119fna  _wv._ 1, name, call.  *n\u0119fnask*, name oneself, give one's\n    name as [nafn].\nnema   _sv._ 4, take; begin.\nnema   _adv._ except, unless.\nnest   _sn._ provisions.\nnest-baggi  _sm._ provision-bag.\nni\u00f0r  _adv._ down, downwards.\nn\u012bundi  _adj._ ninth.\nnj\u014dsn  _sf._ spying; news.\nnj\u014dsna  _wv._ 3, spy; get intelligence.\nnj\u014dta  _sv._ 7, enjoy, profit.\nnor\u00f0r  _adv._ northwards.\nn\u01ebkkvi  _wm._ vessel, small ship.\nn\u016b  _adv._ now; therefore, so.\nn\u0233-vakna\u00f0r  _adj._ (_ptc._) newly awoke.\nn\u0233r  _adj._ new.\nn\u0233ta  _wv._ 1, profit [nj\u014dta].\n\nO\n\noddr  _sm._ point.\n\u014d\u00f0-f\u016bss  _adj._ madly eager.\n\u014d\u00f0r  _adj._ mad, furious.\n\u0153\u0304pa  _wv._ 1, shout [\u014dp, 'shout'].\n\u0153rit  _adv._ enough; very.\nof  _prp. w. dat._ over; during; with respect to, about.  _adv._\n    too (of excess).\nof  _adv., often used in poetry as a mere expletive._\nof-veikr  _adj._ too weak.\nofan  _adv._ above; down.\nofan-ver\u00f0r  _adj._ upper, on the top.\n\u014dk  _see_ *aka*.\nok  _conj._ and; also--'ok...ok,' both...and; but.\nokkr  _see_ *\u00fe\u016b*.\nopt  _adv._ often.  _compar._ *optar*, oftener, again.\n\u014dr  _prp. w. dat._ out of.\nor\u00f0  _sn._ word--'\u012b \u01eb\u00f0ru or\u00f0i,' otherwise.\nor\u00f0inn  _see_ *ver\u00f0a*.\nor\u00f0-s\u0119nding  _sf._ verbal message.\nor\u00f0-tak  _sn._ expression, word.\normr  _sm._ serpent, dragon; ship with a dragon's head.\norrosta  _wf._ battle.\noss  _see_ *ek*.\n\u014dtta  _wf._ the end of night, just before dawn.\n\u014dttalaust  _adj._ without fear.\n\u014dx  _see_ *vaxa*.\noxi  _wm._ ox.\n\u01eb\u00f0lask  _wv._ 3, obtain.\n\u01eb\u00f0ru  _see_ *annarr*.\n\u01ebl  _sn._ ale.\n\u01ebldnu  _see_ *aldinn*.\n\u01ebnd\u014dttr  _adj._ fierce.\n\u01ebnd-vegi  _sn._ high seat, dais.\n\u01ebnnur  _see_ *annar*.\n\u01ebr  _sf._ arrow.\n\u00f6r-\u00e6fi  _sn._ harbourless coast.\n\u00f6rendi  _sn._ errand.\n\u00f6rendi  _sn._ holding the breath, breath.\n\u00f6rind-reki  _sm._ messenger [reka].\n\u00f6xn  _see_ *oxi*.\n\nP\n\npati  _sm._ rumour.\np\u0119nningr  _sm._ penny.\n\nR\n\nr\u0101\u00f0  _sn._ advice; what is advisable--'sj\u0101 eitt at r\u0101\u00f0i,'\n    consider advisable; plan, policy, resolution.\nr\u0101\u00f0a  _sv._ 1, advise, _w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers._;\n    consider, deliberate; undertake, begin _w. prp._ til _or\n    infin._; dispose of, have control over _w. prp._ fyrir.\nr\u0101\u00f0a-g\u01eb\u0308r\u00f0  _sf._ deliberation, decision.\nr\u0101\u00f0ugr  _adj._ sagacious.\nragna-r\u00f6kr  _sn._ twilight of the gods, end of the world.  [ragna\n    _gen. of_ r\u0119gin _neut. plur._ 'gods.']\nragr  _adj._ cowardly.\nr\u0101ku  _see_ *reka*.\nrann  _see_ *r\u0119nna*.\nr\u0101s  _sf._ race.\nrau\u00f0r  _adj._ red.\nrausn  _sf._ magnificence, anything magnificent.\nr\u0113\u00f0  _see_ *r\u0101\u00f0a*.\nrei\u00f0  _sf._ chariot.\nrei\u00f0  _see_ *r\u012b\u00f0a*.\nrei\u00f0a  _wv._ 1, swing, wield, brandish.\nrei\u00f0-fara  _adj._--'vera vel r.,' have a good passage.\nrei\u00f0i  _sn._ trappings, harness.\nrei\u00f0r  _adj._ angry.\nreka  _sv._ 7, drive; carry out; perform.  'r. af tj\u01ebld,' take\n    down awning.\nr\u0119kkja  _wf._ bed.\nr\u0119nna  _sv._ 3, run.\nr\u0113tta  _wv._ 1, direct; reach, stretch.  *r. upp*, pull up.\nr\u0113ttr  _adj._ right, correct; equitable, fair.\nreyna  _wv._ 1, try, test.\nreyr-b\u01ebnd  _supl._ the wire with which the arrow-head was bound\n    to the shaft.\nr\u012b\u00f0a  _sv._ 6, _w. dat._ ride.\nri\u00f0u  _see_ *r\u012b\u00f0a*.\nri\u00f0lask  _wv._ 3, set oneself in motion.\nr\u012bki  _sn._ power; sovereignty, reign.\nr\u012bkr  _adj._ powerful, distinguished.\nripti  _sn._ linen cloth.\nrita  _wv._ 3, write.\nr\u014da  _sv._ 1, row.\nr\u0153\u00f0a  _wv._ 1, talk about, discuss.\nr\u00f6ra  _see_ *r\u014da*.\nr\u01ebst  _sf._ league.\n\nS\n\ns\u0101  _prn._ that; he; such, such a one.\ns\u0101  _see_ *sj\u0101*.\ns\u00e6r  _sm._ sea.\ns\u00e6ra  _wv._ 1, wound [s\u0101r].\ns\u00e6ti  _sn._ seat [sitja].\ns\u00e6tt  _sf._ 2, reconciliation, peace.\ns\u00e6ttask  _wv._ 1, be reconciled, agree.\nsaga  _wf._ narrative, history, story.\nsag\u00f0a  _see_ *s\u0119gja*.\nsaka  _wv. impers. w. acc._--'hann (acc.) saka\u00f0i ekki,' he was\n    not injured.\nsakna  _wv._ 3, _w. gen._ miss.\ns\u0101l  _sf._ 2, soul.\ns\u0101ld  _sn._ gallon.\nsalr  _sm._ 2, hall.\nsaman  _adv._ together.\nsami  _weak adj._ same.\nsam-laga  _wf._ laying ships together for battle.\nsamt  _adv._ together.\nsannligr  _adj._ probable; suitable, right.\nsannr  _adj._ true.\ns\u0101r  _sn._ wound.\ns\u0101rr  _adj._ wounded.\nsat  _see_ *sitja*.\nsatt  _see_ *sannr*.\ns\u0113  _see_ *vera*.\ns\u0113  _see_ *sj\u0101*.\nsefask  _wv._ 3, be pacified.\ns\u0119gja  _wv._ 1b, say, relate [saga].\nsegl  _sn._ sail.\nseilask  _wv._ 1, stretch _intr._\nseinn  _adj._ late, slow, tedious.  *seint* _adv._ slowly.\ns\u0119lja  _wv._ 1, give; sell.\nsem  _adv._ as; _w. subj._ as if; _to strengthen the\n    superl._--'sem mest,' the most possible, as much as possible.\ns\u0119nda  _wv._ 1, send.\ns\u0119ndi-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ messenger.\ns\u0119nn  _adv._ at the same time, at once; immediately, forthwith.\ns\u0113nn  _see_ *sj\u0101*.\ns\u0113r  _see_ *sik*.\ns\u0113r  _see_ *sj\u0101*.\ns\u0113t  _see_ *sj\u0101*.\nset-berg  _sn._ seat-shaped rock, crag [sitja].\ns\u0119tja  _wv._ 1, set, place.  *s. fram*, launch (a ship).\n    *s\u0119tjask*, sit down.  *s\u0119tjask upp*, sit up [sitja].\ns\u012b-byr\u00f0a  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ lay a ship alongside another.\n    _neut. ptc._ *s\u012bbyrt*, close up to [bor\u00f0].\ns\u012b\u00f0  _adv._ late.  _comp._ s\u012b\u00f0ar, later, afterwards.  _superl._\n    *s\u012b\u00f0ast*, latest, last.\ns\u012b\u00f0a  _wf._ side.\ns\u012b\u00f0an  _adv._ afterwards, then; since.\ns\u012b\u00f0ari  _adj. comp._ later, second (in order).\nsi\u00f0r  _sm._ 3, custom.\ns\u012bga  _sv._ 6, sink.\nsigla  _wf._ mast [segl].\nsigla  _wv._ 1, sail.\nsiglu-skei\u00f0  _sn._ middle of a ship.\nsigr (-rs)  _sm._ victory.\nsigr-\u014dp  shout of victory.\nsik  _prn._ oneself.\nsilfr  _sn._ silver.\ns\u012bn  _see_ *sik*.\nsinn  _sn._ time (of repetition)--'einu sinni,' once, for once.\n    'eigi optar at sinni,' not oftener than that time, i.e. only\n    once.\nsinn  _see_ *sik*.\nsitja  _sv._ 5, sit.  *s. fyrir*, sit in readiness.\nsj\u0101 = \u00feessi.\nsj\u0101  _sv._ 5, see; 's. fyrir einu,' look after, take care of.\n    _impers._ 'l\u012btt s\u0113r \u00feat \u0101, at'...it will hardly be seen\n    that...  *sj\u0101sk*, see one another, meet.\nsj\u0101lfr  _prn._ self.\nsj\u014d\u00f0a  _sv._ 7, boil; cook.\nsj\u014dn  _sf._ sight.\nsj\u014dn-hv\u0119rfing  _sf._ ocular delusion.\nskal  _see_ *skulu*.\nskalf  _see_ *skj\u0101lfa*.\nsk\u0101li  _wm._ hall.\nskammr  _adj._ short.\nskap  _sn._ state, condition; state of mind, mood, humour.\nskapligr  _adj._ suitable, fit.\nskapt  _sn._ shaft, handle.\nskar  _see_ *skera*.\nskar\u00f0  _sn._ notch, gap; defect.\nskaut  _see_ *skj\u014dta*.\nsk\u0119gg  _sn._ beard; beak (of a ship).\nskei\u00f0  _sn._ race-course, running-ground; race--'taka sk.,' start\n    in a race.\nskeina  _wv._ 1, graze.\nskellr  _sm._ knock.\nsk\u0119mtun  _sf._ amusement, entertainment [skammr, _literally\n    'shortening (of time)'_].\nskera  _sv._ 4, cut, cut up; kill (animal).\nskiljask  _wv._ 1, separate, part _intr._\nskillingr  _sm._ shilling, coin.\nskilna\u00f0r  _sm._ separation, parting.\nskip  _sn._ ship.\nskipa  _wv._ 3, order, arrange, prepare, fit out.  'sk. til um\n    eitt,' make arrangements for.  *skipask*, take one's place;\n    change, alter _intr._\nskipa-h\u0119rr  _sm._ fleet.\nskipan  _sf._ arranging; ship's crew.\nskips-brot  _sn._ shipwreck.\nskip-stj\u014drnar-ma\u00f0r  _sm._ (steerer), commander of a ship,\n    captain.\nskjald-borg  _sf._ wall of shields, testudo.\nskj\u0101lfa  _sv._ 3, shake _intr._\nskj\u014dta  _sv._ 7, _w. dat._ shoot, throw, push.\nskj\u014dt-f\u0153ri  _sn._ swiftness.\nskj\u014dt-leikr  _sm._ swiftness.\nskj\u014dt-liga  _adv._ swiftly, quick.\nskj\u014dtr  _adj._ swift, quick.  *skj\u014dtt* _adv._ quickly.\nskj\u01ebldr  _sm._ 3, shield.\nsk\u014dgr  _sm._ forest, wood.\nskorta  _wv._ 1, _impers. w. acc. of pers. and of thing_, want,\n    fail.\nskot  _sn._ shot; missile [skj\u014dta].\nskot-m\u0101l  _sn._ shot-measure, range.\nskotta  _wv._ 3, dangle--sk. vi\u00f0 drift (of ships).\nsk\u01ebkull  _sm._ shaft (of a cart).\nsk\u01ebmm  _sf._ disgrace, shame.\nsk\u01ebr  _sf._ hair of the head.\nskreppa  _wf._ bag, wallet.\nskulfu  _see_ *skj\u0101lfa*.\nskulu  _swv._ shall.\nskuta  _wf._ small ship, cutter.\nskutill  _sm._ trencher, small table.\nskutil-sveinn  _sm._ page, chamberlain.\nskutu  _see_ *skj\u014dta*.\nskykkr  _sm._ shake--'ganga skykkjum,' shake.\nskylda  _see_ *skulu*.\nskyldr  _adj._ obliged, obligatory, bound [skulu].\nskyn  _sn._ understanding, insight--'kunna, sk.' understand.\nskynda  _wv._ 1, hasten, bring in haste.\nskyndiliga  _adv._ hastily, quickly.\nskynsamliga  _adv._ intelligently, carefully.\nsk\u0233t  _see_ *skj\u014dta*.\nsl\u0101  _sv._ 2, strike.  'sl\u0101 eldi \u012b,' light a fire.\nsl\u00e6liga  _adv._ sluggishly, weakly.\nsl\u00e6r  _adj._ blunt.\nsl\u00e6r  _see_ *sl\u0101*.\nsl\u0101tr  _sn._ meat.\nsleikja  _wv._ lick.\nsleit  _see_ *sl\u012bta*.\nsl\u0113ttr  _adj._ level, smooth; comfortable, easy.\nsl\u012bkr  _adj._ such.\nsl\u012bta  _sv._ 6, tear--*sl. upp*, pull up; _w. dat._ break\n    (agreement).\nsm\u00e6ri  _see_ *sm\u0101r*.\nsm\u0101r  _adj._ small, insignificant.\nsm\u0101-skip  _snpl._ small ships.\nsm\u0101-sk\u016bta  _wf._ small cutter.\nsmj\u016bga  _sv._ 7, squeeze through, slip.\nsmugu  _see_ *smj\u016bga*.\nsnarpligr  _adj._ vigorous.\nsnarpr  _adj._ sharp; vigorous.\nsnimma  _adv._ early.\nsn\u00f6ra  _see_ *sn\u016ba*.\nsn\u016ba  _sv._ 1, _w. dat._ turn _or_ (_trans._) direct; twist,\n    plait.  *sn\u016bask*, turn (_intr._).\nso\u00f0inn  _see_ *sj\u014d\u00f0a*.\ns\u0153kja  _wv._ 1c, seek; go--'s. aptr,' retreat.\ns\u0153m\u00f0  _sf._ honour [s\u014dma].\ns\u0153tti  _see_ *s\u0153kja*.\nsofa  _sv._ 4, sleep.\nsofna  _wv._ 3, go to sleep.\ns\u01ebgur  _see_ *saga*.\ns\u01ebk  _sf._ cause--'fyrir \u00fe\u0101 s. at'..., because.\ns\u00f6kkva  _sv._ 3, sink.\ns\u014dl  _sf._ sun.\ns\u014dl-skin  _sn._ sunshine.\nsoltinn  _adj._ hungry [_ptc. of_ 'svelta,' starve].\ns\u014dma  _wv._ 2, _w. dat._, be suitable, befitting.\ns\u014dmi  _wm._ honour.\nsonr  _sm._ son.\ns\u014dtt  _sf._ illness.\ns\u014dtta  _see_ *s\u0153kja*.\ns\u01ebx  _snpl._ raised prow of a war-ship.\nspala  _see_ *sp\u01eblr*.\nsparask  _wv._ 2, spare oneself, reserve one's energy.\nsp\u0119nna (sp\u0119nta)  _wv._ 1, _w. dat. of thing_, gird, buckle on.\nspj\u014dt  _sn._ spear.\nspor\u00f0r  _sm._ tail.\nspori  _sm._ spur.\nsp\u01eblr  _sm._ rail.\nsprakk  _see_ *springa*.\nspr\u0119tta  _wv._ 1, split.\nspringa  _sv._ 3, burst.\nspur\u00f0a  _see_ *spyrja*.\nspyrja  _wv._ 1b, ask; hear of, learn--'sp. til eins,' have news\n    of, hear of his arrival.  *spyrjask*, be known.\nspyrna  _wv._ 1, kick.\nstaddr  _adj._ placed, staying [_ptc. of_ 'st\u0119\u00f0ja,' place].\nsta\u00f0r  _sm._ place--'\u012b sta\u00f0inn,' instead.\nstafa\u00f0r  _adj._ (_ptc._) striped.\nstaf-karl  _sm._ (staff-man), beggar.\nstafn  _sm._ prow.\nstafn-b\u016bi  _wm._ prow-man.\nstafn-l\u0113  _wm._ grappling-hook.\nstafr  _sm._ 2 (_gen. sg._ stafs), staff, stick.\nstakk  _see_ *stinga*.\nstallari  _sm._ marshall.\nstanda  _sv._ 2, stand.  *st. upp*, stand up, rise.\nstarfa  _wv._ 3, work.\nst\u0119fna  _wv._ 1, steer; take a course, go.\nsteig  _see_ *st\u012bga*.\nsteinn  _sm._ stone; jewel.\nstela  _sv._ 4, _w. dat. of thing and acc. of pers._ steal, rob.\nst\u0119ndr  _see_ *standa*.\nst\u0119rkliga  _adv._ vigorously.\nst\u0119rkr  _adj._ strong.\nsteypa  _wv._ 1, _w. dat. of thing_, throw; pull off.  *steypask*,\n    throw oneself.\nst\u012bga  _sv._ 6, advance, walk, go.  *st. upp*, mount (horse).\nst\u012bgr  _sm._ path, way.\nstikill  _sm._ point.\nstilla (stilta)  _wv._ 1, arrange.  *st. til*, arrange, dispose.\nstinga  _sv._ 3, pierce; 'st. st\u01ebfnum at skipi,' run the prow\n    against a ship's side.\nstirt  _adv._ harshly [_neut. of_ 'stir\u00f0r,' stiff].\nst\u014d\u00f0  _see_ *standa*.\nst\u0153rri  _see_ *st\u014dr*.\nst\u014dkkva  _sv._ 3, spring, rebound, start back.\nstolinn  _see_ *stela*.\nst\u014drliga  _adv._ bigly, arrogantly.\nst\u014dr-mannligr  _adj._ magnificent, aristocratic.\nst\u014dr-m\u0119nni  _sn._ great men (collective), aristocracy.\nst\u014drr  _adj._ big, great.  *st\u014drum* _adv._ greatly.\nst\u014dr-r\u0101\u00f0r  _adj._ (great of plans), ambitious.\nst\u014dr-skip  _sn._ big ship,\nst\u014dr-virki  _sn._ great deed.\nstr\u0101  _wv._ 1, strew, cover with straw.\nstrauk  _see_ *strj\u016bka*.\nstr\u0119ngr  _sm._ 2, string.\nstrj\u016bka  _sv._ 7, stroke.\nstund  _sf._ period of time, time.\nstutt  _adv._ shortly, abruptly [_neut. of_ 'stuttr' short].\nst\u0233ra  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ steer.\nst\u0233ri  _sn._ rudder.\nst\u0233ris-hnakki  _wm._ top piece of rudder.\nstyrkr  _sm._ strength; help.\ns\u016b  _see_ *s\u0101*.\nsu\u00f0r  _adv._ southward.\nsu\u00f0r-ganga  _wf._ journey south (to Rome).\nsukku  _see_ *s\u00f6kkva*.\nsumar  _sn._ summer.\nsumr  _prn._ some.\nsund  _sn._ sound, channel.\nsv\u0101  _adv._ so, as; as soon as.  'ok sv\u0101,' also.\nsvaf  _see_ *sofa*.\nsvara  _wv._ 3, _w. dat. of thing_, answer.\nsvardagi  _sm._ oath.\nsveinn  _sm._ boy.\nsveinn-stauli  _wm._ small boy.\nsveit  _sf._ troop.\nsvelga  _sv._ 3, swallow, gulp.\nsver\u00f0  _sn._ sword.\nsver\u00f0s-h\u01ebgg  _sn._ swordstroke.\nsvipan  _sf._ jerk; moment.\nsvipting  _sf._ pull, struggle.\ns\u0233nask  _wv._ 1, seem [sj\u014dn].\nsyni  _see_ *sonr*.\nsystir  _sf._ 3, sister.\n\nT\n\ntaka  _wv._ 2, _w. acc._ take, seize, take possession of; _w.\n    inf._ begin; _w. dat._ receive (well, ill, etc.).  *takask*,\n    take place, begin.  *t. at*, choose.  *t. til*, engage in,\n    try.  *t. upp*, take to, choose.\ntala  _wf._ talk, speech.\ntala  _wv._ 3, speak, talk about, discuss.\ntali\u00f0r  _see_ *t\u0119lja*.\nt\u0101lma  _wv._ 3, hinder.\nt\u0101r  _sn._ tear.\ntaumar  _smpl._ reins.\nt\u0119kinn  _see_ *taka*.\nt\u0119lja  _wv._ 1b, count, recount; account, consider; relate, say\n    [tala].\nt\u0119ng\u00f0ir  _sfpl._ relationship, connection by marriage.\nt\u0119ngja  _wv._ 1, bind, fasten together.\nt\u0119ngsl  _snpl._ cable.\nt\u012b\u00f0a  _wv._ 1, _impers. w. acc._ desire.\nt\u012b\u00f0indi  _snpl._ tidings, news.\nt\u012b\u00f0r  _adj._ usual, happening--'hvat er t\u012btt um \u00feik?' what is the\n    matter with you?  *t\u012btt* _adv._ often, quickly--'sem t\u012b\u00f0ast,'\n    as quickly as possible.\ntiginn  _adj._ of high rank.\ntigr  _sm._--'fj\u014drir tigir,' forty.\ntil  _prp. w. gen._ to; till; for (of use)--'alt er t. v\u0101pna\n    var,' everything that could be used as a missile; for (of\n    object, intention)--'brj\u014dta l\u0119gg til m\u0119rgjar,' break a leg to\n    get at the marrow; with respect to--'til vista var eigi\n    gott,' they were not well off for provisions.\ntil  _adv._ too (of excess).\ntil-v\u012bsan  _sf._ direction, guidance.\nt\u012btt  _see_ *t\u012b\u00f0r*.\nt\u012bvi  _wm._ god.\ntjald  _sn._ tent.\ntj\u016bgu-sk\u0119gg  _sn._ forked beard.\nt\u0153ka  _see_ *taka*.\nt\u014dk  _see_ *taka*.\nt\u01ebnn  _sf._ 3, tooth.\ntrani  _wm._ crane.\ntr\u0113  _sn._ tree.\ntro\u00f0a  _sv._ tread.\ntrog  _sn._ trough.\ntros  _sn._ droppings, rubbish.\ntr\u016ba  _wf._ faith--'\u00feat veit tr. m\u012bn at...,' by my faith.\ntr\u016ba  _wv._ 2, _w. dat. of pers._ believe, trust, rely on.\nt\u016bn  _sn._ enclosure, dwelling.\ntveir  _num._ two.\nt\u0233na  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ lose.\ntyppa  _wv._ tie in a top-knot.\n\n\u00de\n\n\u00fe\u0101  _see_ *s\u0101*.\n\u00fe\u0101  _see_ *\u00feiggja*.\n\u00fe\u0101  _adv._ then.\n\u00fe\u00e6r  _see_ *s\u0101*.\n\u00feak\u00f0r  _see_ *\u00fe\u0119kja*.\n\u00feakka  _wv._ 3, _w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers._ thank;\n    requite, reward.\n\u00feambar-sk\u0119lfir  _sm._ bowstring-shaker (?).\n\u00feann  _see_ *s\u0101*.\n\u00feannig  _adv._ thither; so [= \u00feann veg].\n\u00fear  _adv._ there; then; '\u00fe. af,' _etc._, thereof.  '\u00fear sem,'\n    since, because.  '\u00fear til,' until.\n\u00fearf  _see_ *\u00feurfa*.\n\u00feat  _see_ *s\u0101*.\n\u00feau  _see_ *s\u0101*.\n\u00feegar  _adv._ at once.  '\u00fe. er,' as soon as.\n\u00fe\u0119ginn  _see_ *\u00feiggja*.\n\u00fe\u0119gja  _wv._ 1b, be silent.\n\u00feeim  _see_ *s\u0101*.\n\u00feeir, \u00feeirra  _see_ *s\u0101*.\n\u00fe\u0119kja  _wv._ 1b, roof.\n\u00fe\u0119kkja  _wv._ 1, notice.  *\u00fe\u0119kkjask*, take pleasure in; accept.\n\u00fe\u0113r  _see_ *\u00fe\u016b*.\n\u00feess  _see_ *s\u0101*.\n\u00feess  _adv. w. comp._ the, so much the.\n\u00feessi  _prn._ this.\n\u00feiggja  _sv._ 5, receive.\n\u00feik  _see_ *\u00fe\u016b*.\n\u00feing  _sn._ meeting, parliament.\n\u00feinn  _see_ *\u00fe\u016b*.\n\u00feit  _see_ *\u00fe\u016b*.\n\u00fej\u014d\u00f0  _sf._ nation, race.\n\u00fe\u014d  _adv._ though, yet.\n\u00fe\u01ebk\u00f0  _see_ *\u00fe\u0119kja*.\n\u00fe\u01ebkk  _sf._ thanks, gratitude [\u00feakka].\n\u00feola  _wv._ 2, endure, put up with.\n\u00feora  _wv._ 2, dare.\n\u00fe\u01ebrf  _sf._ need.\n\u00feorrinn  _see_ *\u00feverra*.\n\u00fe\u014dtt  _adv._ though [= \u00fe\u014d at].\n\u00fe\u014dtta  _see_ *\u00feykkja*.\n\u00feraut  _see_ *\u00ferj\u014dta*.\n\u00fereifask  _wv._ 3, grope, feel.\n\u00fereyta  _wv._ 1, make exertions, try.\n\u00feri\u00f0i  _adj._ third.\n\u00feri\u00f0jungr  _sm._ third.\n\u00fer\u012br  _num._ three.\n\u00ferj\u014dta  _sv._ 7, _impers. w. acc. of pers._ come to an end, fail.\n\u00fer\u016b\u00f0ugr  _adj._ mighty.\n\u00fe\u016b  _prn._ thou.\n\u00feumlungr  _sm._ thumb of glove.\n\u00feunn-vangi  _wm._ temple (of head).\n\u00feur\u00f0r  _sm._ diminution.\n\u00feurfa  _swv. often impers._ require, need.\n\u00feurr  _adj._ dry.\n\u00feurs  _sm._ giant.\n\u00feverra  _sv._ 3, diminish.\n\u00fevers  _adv._ across.\n\u00fev\u012b  _see_ *s\u0101*.\n\u00fev\u012b  _adv._ therefore; _w. compar._ the, so much the more.\n\u00fev\u012blikr  _adj._ such.\n\u00feykkja  _wv._ 1c, seen, be considered.  '\u00feykkir einum fyrir,'\n    there seems to be something in the way, one hesitates.\n    'myndi m\u0113r fyrir \u00fe. \u012b,' I should be displeased.  *\u00feykkjask*,\n    think.\n\u00feykkr  _adj._ thick, close.\n\u00feynna  _wv._ 1, make thin.  *\u00feynnask* get thin.\n\u00feyrstr  _adj._ (_ptc._) thirsty.\n\nU\n\n\u016b-f\u0153ra  _wf._ impassable place; fix, difficulty.\n\u016b-fri\u00f0r  _sm._ hostility, war.\n\u016b-grynni  _sn._ countless number [grunnr, 'bottom'].\n\u016b-happ  _sn._ misfortune.\n\u016b-hreinn  _adj._ impure.\num  _prp. w. acc._ around, about, over; _of time_ in, at; _of\n    superiority_ beyond; concerning, about.\num-r\u0101\u00f0  _sn._ advice, help.\num-sj\u0101  _sf._ care.\nuna  _wv._ 1, _w. dat._ be contented--'u. illa,' be discontented.\nundan  _prp. w. dat._, _adv._ away (from).\nundarliga  _adv._ strangely.\nundarligr  _adj._ strange.\nundir  _prp. w. acc. and dat._ under.\nundr  _sn._ wonder.\nungr  _adj._ young.\nunninn  _see_ *vinna*.\nunz  _adv._ until.\nupp  _adv._ up.\nupp-ganga  _wf._ boarding (ship).\nupp-haf  _sn._ beginning [h\u0119fja].\nupp-himinn  _sm._ high heaven.\nuppi  _adv._ up; at an end.\nur\u00f0u  _see_ *ver\u00f0a*.\n\u016bt  _adv._ out.  _comp._ *utar*, outer, outwards, farther away.\nutan  _adv._ outside; outwards.\nutan-f\u0119r\u00f0  _sf._ journey abroad.\nutar  _see_ *\u016bt*.\n\u016bti  _adv._ outside, out on the sea.\n\u016bt-lausn  _sf._ ransom.\n\u016b-vinr  _sm._ enemy.\n\nV\n\nv\u00e6g\u00f0  _sf._ forbearance.\nv\u00e6nn  _adj._ likely, to be expected.\nv\u00e6ri  _see_ *vera*.\nv\u00e6tr  _neut._ nothing.\nvaka  _wv._ 3, be awake, wake up.\nvakna  _wv._ 3, awake.\nvald  _sn._ power, control.\nval-kyrja  _sf._ chooser of the slain, war-goddess [kj\u014dsa].\nvalr  _sm._ corpses on the battle-field.\nv\u0101n,  _sf._ hope, expectation, probability.\nvandr\u00e6\u00f0a-sk\u0101ld  _sn._ the 'awkward' poet, the poet who is\n    difficult to deal with.\nvandr\u00e6\u00f0i  _snpl._ difficulty.\nvangi  _wm._ cheek.\nvanr  _adj._ accustomed.\nv\u0101pn  _sn._ weapon.\nv\u0101pna-bur\u00f0  _sm._ bearing weapons, shower of missiles.\nv\u0101pn-lauss  _adj._ without weapons.\nvar  _see_ *vera*.\nv\u0101r  _sn._ spring.\nv\u0101r  _see_ *ek*.\nvara  _wv._ 2, _impers. w. acc. of pers._--'mik var\u00f0i,' I\n    expected.\nvar\u00f0  _see_ *ver\u00f0a*.\nvar\u00f0i  _see_ *v\u0119rja*.\nvargr  _sm._ wolf.\nvari\u00f0r  _see_ *v\u0119rja*.\nvarla  _adv._ scarcely.\nvarna\u00f0r  _sm._ goods, merchandise.\nv\u0101ru  _see_ *vera*.\nvatn  _sn._ water.\nvaxa  _sv._ 2, grow; increase.\nve\u00f0r  _sn._ weather.\nvegr  _sm._ road; way, manner; direction, side; _in composition_,\n    region, tract, land.\nveik  _see_ *vikja*.\nveit  _see_ *vita*.\nveita  _wv._ 1, give, grant; make (resistance, etc.).\nv\u0119kja  _wv._ 1b, wake [vaka].\nv\u0113l  _sf._ artifice, cunning.\nv\u0119lja  _wv._ 1b, choose.\nv\u0119ndi  _see_ *v\u01ebndr*.\nv\u0113r  _see_ *ek*.\nvera  _sv._ exist; remain, stay, happen; be.  'hvat l\u0101tum haf\u00f0i\n    verit,' what had caused the noise.  *v. at*, be occupied\n    with.\nver\u00f0  _sn._ worth, value; price.\nver\u00f0a  _sv._ 3, happen; happen to come.  'v. fyrir einum,' come\n    in one's way, appear before one; become; come into being, be;\n    'v. til eins,' be ready for, undertake; _w. infin._ be\n    obliged, must.  'n\u016b er \u0101 or\u00f0it mikit fyrir m\u0113r,' now I have\n    come into a great perplexity, difficulty.  *v. at*, happen.\nver\u00f0r  _adj._ worth; important.\nver-gjarn  _adj._ desirous of a husband, loose.\nverit  _see_ *vera*.\nvert  _see_ *ver\u00f0r*.\nv\u0119rja  _wv._ 1b, defend--'v. baki,' defend with the back, turn\n    one's back on.\nv\u0119rja  _wv._ 1b, dress; lay out money, invest.\nverk  _sn._ work, job.\nverr  _sm._ man; husband.\nv\u0119rr  _adv. comp._ worse.  _superl._ *v\u0119rst*, worst.\nver\u01ebld  _sf._ world.\nvestan  _adv._ from the west.  'v. fyrir' _w. gen. or acc._, west\n    of.\nvestr  _adv._ westwards.\nvetr  _sm._ winter; year.\nv\u0119x  _see_ *vaxa*.\nv\u0119xti  _see_ *v\u01ebxtr*.\nvi\u00f0  _prp. w. acc._ by, near; towards (of place and time); with\n    (of various relations).  _w. dat._ towards, at (laugh at,\n    etc.); in exchange for, for.\nv\u012b\u00f0a  _adv._ widely, far and wide, on many sides.\nvi\u00f0ar-teinungr  _sm._ tree-shoot, plant.\nvi\u00f0-brag\u00f0  _sn._ push.\nvi\u00f0r  _sm._ 3, tree.\nv\u012b\u00f0r  _adj._ wide, broad.\nvi\u00f0-skipti  _snpl._ dealings.\nvi\u00f0-taka  _wf._ reception; resistance.\nv\u012bgja  _wv._ 1, consecrate, hallow.\nv\u012bgr  _adj._ warlike, able-bodied.\nv\u012bking  _sf._ piracy, piratical expedition.\nv\u012bkingr  _sm._ pirate.\nv\u012bkja  _sv._ 6, turn, move, go.\nvilja  _swv._ will.\nvilli-eldr  _sm._ wildfire, conflagration.\nvin\u0101tta  _wf._ friendship.\nvin\u0101ttu-m\u0101l  _snpl._ assurances of friendship.\nvinna  _sv._ 3, do, perform; win, conquer.  *vinnask til*,\n    suffice.\nvinr  _sm._ 2, friend.\nvir\u00f0ing  _sf._ honour [ver\u00f0r].\nv\u012bsa  _wv._ 2, _w. dat._ show, guide.\nv\u012bss  _adj._ wise; certain.\nvissa  _see_ *vita*.\nvist  _sf._ 2, board and lodging; provisions.\nvit  _see_ *ek*.\nvita  _swv._ know; be turned in a certain direction.  *v. fram*,\n    see into futurity.\nv\u012bti  _sn._ punishment, penalty.\nv\u012btis-horn  _sn._ penalty-horn (whose contents were drunk as a\n    punishment).\nvitkask  _wv._ 3, come to one's senses.\nvitr (-ran)  _adj._ wise.\nv\u01ebllr  _sm._ 3, plain, field.\nv\u01ebndr  _sm._ 3, twig, rod.\nv\u01ebrn  _sf._ defence, resistance.\nv\u01ebxtr  _sm._ 3, growth, stature.\nvrei\u00f0r = rei\u00f0r.\n\nY\n\ny\u00f0r  _see_ *\u00fe\u016b*.\nyfir  _prp. w. acc. and dat._ over [ofan].\n\u0233miss  _adj._ various, different.\nymr  _sm._ rumbling noise.\nytri  _adj. comp._ outer.  _superl._ *yztr*, outside(st) [\u016bt].\n\n\n\nPROPER NAMES\n\n\u0100ki  _sm._\n\u0100sa-\u00fe\u014drr  _sm._ (divine) Thor.\n\u0100str\u012b\u00f0r  _sf._\nAu\u00f0un  _sm._\n\nBaldr (-rs)  _sm._\nBar\u00f0i  _wm._ 'the Ram' (name of a ship).\nBil-sk\u012brnir  _sm._\nBr\u012bsinga-m\u0119n  _sn._ Freyja's necklace.\nBurizleifr  _sm._\n\nD\u0101ins-leif  _sf._ relic of D\u0101inn ['leif,' leaving, heritage].\nDana-konungr  _sm._ king of the Danes.\nDanir  _smpl._ the Danes.\nDan-m\u01ebrk  _sf._ 3, Denmark.\nDraupnir  _sm._\n\nEinarr  _sm._\nEindri\u00f0i  _wm._\nEir\u012bkr  _sm._\nErlingr  _sm._\n\nF\u0119n-salr  _sm._ 2.\nFinnr  _sm._\nFinskr  _adj._ Finnish.\nFreyja  _wf._\nFreyr  _sm._\nFrigg  _sf._ wife of Odin.\nFulla  _wf._ Frigg's handmaid.\n\nGeira  _wf._\nGimsar  _fpl._\nGjallar-br\u016b  _sf._ the bridge over the river Gj\u01ebll.\nGj\u01ebll  _sf._ 'the Resounder,' the river of Hell.\nGr\u0153n-land  _sn._ Greenland.\nGullin-bursti  _wm._ 'Golden-bristle.'\nGull-toppr  _sm._ 'Gold-top.'\n\nH\u0101-ey  _sf._ 'High-island.'\nH\u0101kon  _sm._\nHall-fre\u00f0r  _sm._\nHaraldr  _sm._\nH\u0113\u00f0inn  _sm._\nHeim-dallr  _sm._\nH\u0119l  _sf._ the goddess of the infernal regions.\nH\u0119r-m\u014d\u00f0r  _sm._\nHildr  _sf._ ['hildr,' war].\nHja\u00f0ninga-v\u012bg  _sn._ battle of the Hja\u00f0nings.\nHjarrandi  _wm._\nHl\u014dri\u00f0i  _wm._ the Thunderer, Thor.\nH\u01ebgni  _wm._\nHring-horni  _wm._ 'Ring-prowed.'\nHyrningr  _sm._\nHyrrokin  _sf._\nH\u01eb\u00f0r  _sm._\n\n\u012as-land  _sn._ Iceland.\n\u012asland-f\u0119r\u00f0  _sf._ journey to Iceland.\n\u012asl\u0119nzkr  _adj._ Icelandic.\n\nJ\u014dms-borg  _sf._\nJ\u014dms-v\u012bkingar  _smpl._ the pirates of J\u014dmsborg.\n\nKol-bj\u01ebrn  _sm._\n\nLaufey  _sf._\nLitr  _sm._\nLoki  _wm._\n\nM\u014d\u00f0-gu\u00f0r  _sf._\nM\u0153ri  _wf._\n\nNanna  _wf._\nNepr  _sm._\nNjar\u00f0ar  _see_ *Nj\u01ebr\u00f0r*.\nNj\u01ebr\u00f0r  _sm._\nN\u014da-t\u016bn  _snpl._\nNoregr  _sm._ Norway [= nor\u00f0-vegr].\n\n\u01eaku-\u00fe\u014drr  _sm._ Thor (the driver) [aka].\n\u014cl\u0101fr  _sm._\n\u014c\u00f0inn  _sm._ Odin.\nOrkn-eyjar  _sfpl._ Orkneys.\n\nR\u014dma-borg  _sf._ Rome.\nR\u016bm-f\u0119rli  _wm._ pilgrim to Rome [fara].\nR\u01ebskva  _wf._\n\nSax-land  _sn._ Saxony, Germany.\nSif  _sf._\nSigr\u012b\u00f0r  _sf._\nSig-valdi  _wm._\nSkj\u0101lgr  _sm._\nSkr\u0233mir  _sm._\nSleipnir  _sm._\nSl\u012b\u00f0rug-tanni  _wm._ [t\u01ebnn].\nS\u0153nskr  _adj._ Swedish.\nSveinn  _sm._\nSv\u012ba-konungr  _sm._ king of Sweden.\nSv\u012bar  _smpl._ Swedes.\nSv\u012ba-v\u0119ldi  _sn._ Sweden [vald].\nSv\u012b-\u00fej\u014d\u00f0  _sf._ Sweden.\nSv\u01ebl\u00f0r (-rar)  _sf._ island of Svolder, near R\u00fcgen.\n\nTann-gnj\u014dstr  _sm._ [t\u01ebnn].\nTann-grisnir  _sm._ [t\u01ebnn].\nTryggvi  _wm._ 'Trusty.'\n\n\u00dej\u0101lfi  _wm._\n\u00de\u014drir  _sm._\n\u00deor-k\u0119ll  _sm._\n\u00de\u014drr  _sm._ Thor.\n\u00deor-steinn  _sm._\n\u00der\u016b\u00f0-vangar  _smpl._ 'plains of strength.'\n\u00derymyr  _sm._\n\u00de\u01ebkk  _sf._\n\n\u016alfr  _sm._\n\u016atgar\u00f0a-loki  _wm._\n\u016at-gar\u00f0r  _sm._ *\u016at-gar\u00f0ar* _pl._ 'outer enclosure,' world of\n    the giants.\n\nVanir  _smpl._ race of Gods.\nV\u0101r  _sf._ goddess of betrothal and marriage.\nVest-firzkr  _adj._ of the west firths (in Iceland).\nV\u012bk  _sf._ 'the Bay,' the Skagerak and the Christiania fjord.\nVinda-sn\u0119kkja  _wf._ Wendish ship.\nVind-land  _sn._ Wendland.\nVindr  _smpl._ the Wends.\nVing-\u00fe\u014drr  _sm._ name of Thor.\n\nTHE END.","title":"Icelandic Primer with Grammar, Notes and Glossary","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":28407}