{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_56341/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_56341","id":"gutenberg_56341","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/56341","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - American","Category: Religion/Spirituality","Category: Reports & Conference Proceedings","Category: Teaching & Education","Congregational churches -- Missions -- Periodicals","Home missions -- Periodicals","The American Missionary"],"text":"Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, KarenD and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This\nfile was produced from images generously made available\nby Cornell University Digital Collections)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Vol. XXXV. No. 12.\n\n\n THE\n\n AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\n\n * * * * *\n\n \u201cTo the Poor the Gospel is Preached.\u201d\n\n * * * * *\n\n DECEMBER, 1881.\n\n\n\n\n _CONTENTS_:\n\n\n EDITORIAL.\n\n PARAGRAPHS 353\n FINANCIAL\u2014APPEALING FACTS 354\n ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING 355\n GENERAL SURVEY 357\n SUMMARY OF TREASURER\u2019S REPORT 367\n ADDRESS OF SENATOR GEO. F. HOAR 369\n EXTRACTS OF ADDRESSES RELATING TO GENERAL WORK 373\n\n\n THE FREEDMEN.\n\n REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL WORK 382\n ADDRESS OF REV. C. T. COLLINS 383\n ADDRESS OF REV. J. R. THURSTON 386\n CHRISTIAN EDUCATION: PROF. CYRUS NORTHROP 388\n HIGHER EDUCATION: PRES. E. A. WARE 390\n REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH WORK 392\n ADDRESS OF PRES. CYRUS HAMLIN 393\n\n\n AFRICA.\n\n REPORT ON FOREIGN WORK 395\n ADDRESS OF REV. J. W. HARDING 397\n ADDRESS OF REV. GEO. S. DICKERMAN 398\n THE UPPER NILE BASIN: COL. H. G. PROUT 398\n\n\n THE INDIANS.\n\n REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE 403\n ADDRESS OF GEN. S. C. ARMSTRONG 403\n ADDRESS OF CAPT. R. H. PRATT 405\n\n\n THE CHINESE.\n\n REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE 406\n THE CHINESE TO EVANGELIZE CHINA: REV. C. H. POPE 408\n REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FINANCE 408\n ADDRESS OF REV. GEO. F. STANTON 409\n VOTE OF THANKS AND REPLY 410\n ECHOES OF THE ANNUAL MEETING 411\n\n\n RECEIPTS 412\n\n CONSTITUTION 416\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n NEW YORK:\n Published by the American Missionary Association,\n ROOMS, 56 READE STREET.\n\n * * * * *\n\n Price, 50 Cents a Year, in advance.\n\nEntered at the Post Office at New York, N.Y., as second-class matter.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nAmerican Missionary Association,\n\n56 READE STREET, N.Y.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n PRESIDENT.\n\n HON. WM. B. WASHBURN, Mass.\n\n\n VICE-PRESIDENTS.\n\n Hon. E. S. TOBEY, Mass.\n Hon. F. D. PARISH, Ohio.\n Hon. E. D. HOLTON, Wis.\n Hon. WILLIAM CLAFLIN, Mass.\n Rev. STEPHEN THURSTON, D.D., Me.\n Rev. SAMUEL HARRIS, D.D., Ct.\n WM. C. CHAPIN, Esq., R.I.\n Rev. W. T. EUSTIS, D.D., Mass.\n Hon. A. C. BARSTOW, R.I.\n Rev. THATCHER THAYER, D.D., R.I.\n Rev. RAY PALMER, D.D., N.J.\n Rev. EDWARD BEECHER, D.D., N.Y.\n Rev. J. M. STURTEVANT, D.D., Ill.\n Rev. W. W. PATTON, D.D., D.C.\n Hon. SEYMOUR STRAIGHT, La.\n Rev. CYRUS W. WALLACE, D.D., N.H.\n Rev. EDWARD HAWES, D.D., Ct.\n DOUGLAS PUTNAM, Esq., Ohio.\n Hon. THADDEUS FAIRBANKS, Vt.\n Rev. M. M. G. DANA, D.D., Minn.\n Rev. H. W. BEECHER, N.Y.\n Gen. O. O. HOWARD, N.Y.\n Rev. G. F. MAGOUN, D.D., Iowa.\n Col. C. G. HAMMOND, Ill.\n EDWARD SPALDING, M.D., N.H.\n Rev. WM. M. BARBOUR, D.D., Ct.\n Rev. W. L. GAGE, D.D., Ct.\n A. S. HATCH, Esq., N.Y.\n Rev. J. H. FAIRCHILD, D.D., Ohio.\n Rev. H. A. STIMSON, Mass.\n Rev. A. L. Stone, D.D., California.\n Rev. G. H. ATKINSON, D.D., Oregon.\n Rev. L. T. CHAMBERLAIN, D.D., Conn.\n Rev. J. E. RANKIN, D.D., D.C.\n Rev. A. L. CHAPIN, D.D., Wis.\n S. D. SMITH, Esq., Mass.\n Dea. JOHN C. WHITIN, Mass.\n Hon. J. B. GRINNELL, Iowa.\n Rev. HORACE WINSLOW, Ct.\n Sir PETER COATS, Scotland.\n Rev. HENRY ALLON, D.D., London, Eng.\n WM. E. WHITING, Esq., N.Y.\n E. A. GRAVES, Esq., N.J.\n Rev. F. A. NOBLE, D.D., Ill.\n DANIEL HAND, Esq., Ct.\n Rev. A. F. BEARD, D.D., N.Y.\n FREDERICK BILLINGS, Esq., Vt.\n JOSEPH CARPENTER, Esq., R.I.\n Rev. E. P. GOODWIN, D.D., Ill.\n Rev. C. L. GOODELL, D.D., Mo.\n J. W. SCOVILLE, Esq., Ill.\n E. W. BLATCHFORD, Esq., Ill.\n C. D. TALCOTT, Esq., Ct.\n Rev. JOHN K. MCLEAN, D.D., Cal.\n Rev. RICHARD CORDLEY, D.D., Kansas.\n Rev. W. H. WILLCOX, D.D., Mass.\n Rev. G. B. WILLCOX, D.D., Ill.\n Rev. WM. M. TAYLOR, D.D., N.Y.\n Rev. GEO. M. BOYNTON, Mass.\n Rev. E. B. WEBB, D.D., Mass.\n Hon. C. I. WALKER, Mich.\n Rev. A. H. ROSS, Mich.\n Hon. JOSHUA L. CHAMBERLAIN, Me.\n Rev. ALEX. MCKENZIE, D.D., Mass.\n Hon. NELSON DINGLEY, Jr., Me.\n\n\n CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.\n\n REV. M. E. STRIEBY, D.D., 56 _Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n\n TREASURER.\n\n H. W. HUBBARD, ESQ., 56 _Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n\n DISTRICT SECRETARIES.\n\n REV. C. L. WOODWORTH, _Boston_.\n REV. G. D. PIKE, D.D., _New York_.\n REV. JAS. POWELL, _Chicago_.\n\n\n EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.\n\n LYMAN ABBOTT,\n ALONZO S. BALL,\n A. S. BARNES,\n C. T. CHRISTENSEN,\n FRANKLIN FAIRBANKS,\n CLINTON B. FISK,\n ADDISON P. FOSTER,\n S. B. HALLIDAY,\n A. J. HAMILTON,\n SAMUEL HOLMES,\n CHARLES A. HULL,\n CHAS. L. MEAD,\n SAMUEL S. MARPLES,\n WILLIAM H. WARD,\n JOHN H. WASHBURN,\n A. L. WILLISTON.\n\n\n AUDITORS.\n\n M. F. READING.\n W. R. NASH.\n\n\nCOMMUNICATIONS\n\nrelating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the\nCorresponding Secretary; those relating to the collecting fields to\nthe District Secretaries; letters for the Editor of the \u201cAmerican\nMissionary,\u201d to Rev. G. D. PIKE, D.D., at the New York Office.\n\n\nDONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS\n\nmay be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer 56 Reade Street, New York,\nor when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21\nCongregational House, Boston, Mass., or 112 West Washington Street,\nChicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a\nLife Member.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\n THE\n\n AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\n\n * * * * *\n\n VOL. XXXV. DECEMBER, 1881. No. 12.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\n_American Missionary Association._\n\n * * * * *\n\nWe present our readers in this issue of the MISSIONARY, which\nis a double number, an account of the proceedings of the 35th\nAnnual Meeting of this Association. For want of space we have only\ngiven the important points of most of the papers and addresses,\nendeavoring to preserve their spirit.\n\nThe paper of Pres. E. H. Fairchild will appear in the \u201cWeekly\nWitness\u201d of Nov. 17, of which copies will be supplied gratuitously\nto persons applying by postal card to the author at Berea, Ky.\n\nRev. Lysander Dickerman\u2019s address may be looked for in the\n\u201cCongregationalist\u201d at an early date.\n\nThe papers read by Miss Sawyer and Miss Emery will be reserved for\nmention in the January MISSIONARY.\n\n * * * * *\n\nWe send this number of the MISSIONARY to some persons whose names\nare not among our subscribers, with the hope that they will read\nit, and that their interest in the work which it represents will\nbe deepened. We believe that if any such will send us their\nsubscription for the Magazine, they will find themselves amply\nrewarded for the outlay.\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe inquiry is sometimes made as to the reasons for the steadily\nincreasing support given to the A. M. A. In answer we suggest:\u20141.\nThe increasing prosperity of the country. People have more to give\nand they give more. 2. The careful management of the affairs of\nthe Association has probably given it a stronger hold upon the\nconfidence of the public. 3. The great reason, we believe, is\nthat the nation, after many fluctuating opinions in regard to the\nFreedmen, has settled down to the conviction, voiced repeatedly\nby Pres. Hayes and reiterated so emphatically in Pres. Garfield\u2019s\ninaugural, that the only safety for the nation and the Freedmen\nis in their thorough education. The A. M. A. is now seen to have\nsteadily pressed forward from the beginning in this only true\nmethod, and hence its work has come to be more fully appreciated.\nThe rapid growth of the colored population gives emphasis to the\ndemand for their Christian education. 4. Another reason is the\nawakened conviction in Great Britain and America that the freed\npeople are destined by Divine Providence to take an important part\nin the redemption of Africa. Our schools and churches, so well\nfitted to prepare them for this work, are felt to deserve not only\nsupport but enlargement.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nFINANCIAL\u2014APPEALING FACTS.\n\nOne year ago we asked our constituents to enlarge our receipts\n_twenty-five_ per cent; the generous response was nearly _thirty_\nper cent. We increased the appropriations of the year, but kept\nsafely within the income. At our recent Annual Meeting the appeal\nwas made for $300,000 this year\u2014an increase over last of $56,000,\nor 23 per cent. This appeal is based on no random figures. The\nappropriations for this fiscal year are carefully made on the basis\nof last year\u2019s income, but in addition we most pressingly need the\nmeans:\u20141. To finish and furnish two buildings, not provided for by\nthe Stone fund. They are nearly ready, but will be useless unless\ncompleted. 2. To provide additional teachers, boarding and student\naid for the increased number of students in the new buildings in\nAtlanta, Talladega, Tougaloo, New Orleans, Austin, Athens. 3. To\nerect a boy\u2019s dormitory at New Orleans, and a new building at\nMemphis. As to the latter, Prof. Steele writes: \u201cAll the desks in\nthe lower rooms were filled at the end of the first week, and we\nhave been refusing admission to pupils in these rooms every day\nsince. Early last week the last seat in the Normal room was taken.\nWe seat 102 there. Since then I have placed small tables and chairs\nin every foot of available space in the Normal room, raising the\nnumber enrolled to 118. I am every day receiving letters from\nyoung men and women in the country who wish to enter the school,\nbut I can in no way take more than two students in addition to\nthose now in the room. Of the 120 in the Normal department, 50\nhave taught school and all the rest expect to become teachers.\u201d\nMust we refuse education to more of such students and teachers?\nThe unexpended portion of the Stone fund is already appropriated\nand is not available here. 4. To meet the urgent demands for\nenlargement in the church work. 5. To increase our expenditures for\nthe Indians. The nation is aroused in their behalf and Congress\nis ready to help. Now is the time for us to enlarge. 6. To double\nour appropriation for the Chinese work. No outlay yields better\nreturns. 7. To build the John Brown steamer for the Mendi, and to\ncomplete the $50,000 fund for the Arthington Mission.\n\nThese facts are our appeal. We add no words. The day has gone by\nwhen our friends will be content with good speeches and resolutions\nat the Annual Meeting. The hour has come for steady and effective\nwork. We are ready for it, and the tone of the meeting at Worcester\nshows that our friends are also.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING.\n\nThe Thirty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Missionary\nAssociation was held in Plymouth Church, Worcester, Mass., on\nTuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, November 1st, 2d and 3d, 1881.\n\nAs the bells in the church-tower finished chiming the \u201cMissionary\nHymn,\u201d at three o\u2019clock Tuesday afternoon, Secretary Strieby called\nthe meeting to order, and in the absence of the President and\nVice-Presidents, Rev. S. R. Dennen, D.D., of New Haven, was chosen\nto preside. After devotional services, Rev. Marshall M. Cutter, of\nMedford, was chosen Secretary, and Rev. John L. Ewell and Rev. C.\nP. Osborne Assistant Secretaries.\n\nA Nominating Committee was appointed consisting of Rev. E. H.\nByington, Rev. E. P. Marvin and C. L. Mead, Esq.; also a Business\nCommittee consisting of Rev. Geo. M. Boynton, Rev. G. R. M. Scott,\nand Geo. P. Davis, Esq.\n\nThe Treasurer, H. W. Hubbard, Esq., read his report, which was\nreferred to a Committee on Finance. The Annual Report of the\nExecutive Committee was made through Rev. G. D. Pike, D.D.,\nDistrict Secretary, and was referred _seriatim_ to appropriate\nCommittees. An hour was then spent in prayer and conference, with\nspecial reference to the work in the South.\n\nTuesday evening, after devotional services, led by Rev. E. G.\nPorter, of Lexington, Rev. C. D. Hartranft, D.D., of Hartford,\nConn., preached for the Annual Sermon a discourse appropriate to\nthe Communion, which followed it, from Matthew xxvi, 27, l.c.,\n\u201cDrink ye all of it.\u201d The Lord\u2019s Supper was administered by Rev.\nGeo. W. Phillips, pastor of Plymouth Church, and Rev. Geo. H.\nGould, D.D.\n\nWednesday morning, a prayer meeting, conducted by Rev. A. P.\nFoster, of Jersey City, was held at eight o\u2019clock. At nine o\u2019clock\nthe regular session began, the chair being occupied in turn by\nRev. L. T. Chamberlain, D.D., of Norwich, Conn., and Gen. O. O.\nHoward, of West Point, Vice-Presidents. John H. Washburn, Esq., in\nbehalf of the Executive Committee, to whom was referred the matter\nof amending the Constitution of the Association at the last Annual\nMeeting, reported certain recommendations, which were referred to\na Special Committee, to report Thursday morning. Richard Wright,\nEsq., of Augusta, Ga., colored, read a paper on \u201cThe Colored Man:\nHis Strength, Weakness and Needs.\u201d President E. H. Fairchild,\nof Berea College, Kentucky, read a paper on \u201cReview of the\nAnti-Slavery Contest, and estimate of its meaning and value with\nreference to the Civilization of Africa and the World.\u201d Secretary\nStrieby made an address on \u201cThe duty of America in the Conversion\nof the World, and especially in the Conversion of Africa.\u201d\nPresident E. A. Wane, of Atlanta University, Ga., read a paper on\n\u201cHigher Education.\u201d\n\nWednesday afternoon. Prayer was offered by Rev. H. A. Stimson, of\nWorcester. Gen. O. O. Howard made an address on \u201cOur Social Needs\nand their Remedy.\u201d Gen. S. C. Armstrong, of Hampton, Va., reported\nfor the Committee on Indian work, and was followed by Capt. R.\nH. Pratt, of Carlisle, Penn. A report of the Committee on Church\nwork was read by Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, D.D., who also made an address\nupon the subject. Rev. J. E. Roy, D.D., Field Superintendent of\nthe Association, supported the report by interesting statements\nillustrating the influence of the work among the colored people.\nThe report of the Committee on Educational work was read by Rev.\nCharles T. Collins, of Cleveland, Ohio, and supported by Rev. John\nR. Thurston, of Whitinsville.\n\nWednesday evening. Hon. E. S. Tobey, of Boston, President of the\nAssociation, in the chair. Rev. William M. Gage, D.D., of Hartford,\noffered prayer. Addresses on \u201cChristian Education at the South\u201d\nwere made by Rev. L. O. Brastow, D.D., of Burlington, Vermont;\nProf. Cyrus Northrop, of Yale College, and Hon. Geo. F. Hoar, of\nthe U.S. Senate.\n\nThursday morning. The prayer meeting at eight o\u2019clock was led by\nRev. O. H. White, D.D. The regular session at nine o\u2019clock was\nopened with prayer by Rev. I. P. Langworthy, D.D., of Boston. Col.\nFranklin Fairbanks read the report of the Special Committee on the\nConstitution.\n\nThe following amendments were adopted: In Art. vi. the words,\n\u201cRecording Secretary,\u201d and \u201cof which the Corresponding Secretaries\nshall be advisory, and the Treasurer ex-officio members,\u201d are\nomitted; and after \u201cSecretaries\u201d the words, \u201cwho shall also keep\nthe records of the Association,\u201d are inserted. In Art. vii. after\n\u201cdismissing,\u201d the parenthesis is omitted. Article viii. is omitted,\nand Arts. ix. and x. are respectively numbered viii. and ix. The\nconsideration of Arts. iii. and v. were referred to a special\ncommittee of thirteen, Col. Franklin Fairbanks, chairman, to report\nat next Annual Meeting.\n\nA letter from Hon. E. S. Tobey, President, declining re-election on\naccount of the pressure of other duties, was read, and resolutions\nof thanks for his faithful services were unanimously adopted by\na rising vote. The Nominating Committee recommended Hon. Wm. B.\nWashburn, of Greenfield, Mass., for President, and presented a list\nof other officers, who were duly elected.\n\nOn motion of Rev. C. T. Collins, it was voted to memorialize\nCongress for immediate and increased appropriations for education\nat the South.\n\nThe report of the Committee on Chinese Missions was read by Rev.\nA. E. P. Perkins, D.D., of Ware. A paper on the subject was read\nby Miss Harriette Carter, of Mt. Vernon Church, Boston, where more\nthan one hundred Chinamen have had Bible instruction, and addresses\nwere made by Rev. Lysander Dickerman, of California, and by Rev. C.\nH. Pope, of Machias, Me.\n\nRev. G. W. Harding read the report of the Committee on African\nwork, and addresses were made by himself, by Col. H. G. Prout,\nlate in the service of the Khedive of Egypt, and by Rev. Geo. S.\nDickerman, of Lewiston, Me.\n\nThursday afternoon. On \u201cWoman\u2019s Work for Woman,\u201d papers were read\nby Miss M. L. Sawyer, of Boxford, and Miss E. B. Emery, of Gorham,\nMe., and addresses delivered by Mrs. A. K. Spence, of Nashville,\nTennessee; by Rev. E. N. Packard, of Dorchester; Rev. A. H. Plumb,\nof Boston, and Rev. E. S. Atwood, of Salem.\n\nThe report of the Finance Committee, in the absence of Hon. J. J.\nH. Gregory, chairman, was read by Rev. E. S. Atwood, and asked for\n$300,000 for the ensuing year. Addresses were made by Rev. Geo. F.\nStanton, of Weymouth, and Secretary Strieby. District Secretary\nWoodworth made a statement of Mr. Gregory\u2019s recent gifts, amounting\nto $15,000. Rev. A. H. Plumb, in a happy little speech, announced\n$2,000 from an unknown donor, which he passed to the Treasurer in a\nsealed envelope. Of the amount, $500 was for Berea College and $500\nfor Hampton Institute.\n\nThursday evening, after prayer by Rev. Lewis Grout, Rev. O. H.\nWhite, D.D., for six years Secretary of the Freedmen\u2019s Missions\nAid Society in London, spoke of English co-operation and of the\nmiseries of the slave trade in Africa. Henry D. Hyde, Esq., of\nBoston, pressed the claims of the Association to more liberal\nsupport, and John B. Gough, Esq., in a series of incidents, told in\nhis inimitable style, illustrated the capacity of the colored race\nto be educated and elevated.\n\nAfter some parting words from President Tobey, resolutions of\nthanks to the churches, committees, pastors, choir and railroads,\nand to the hospitable people of Worcester, and addresses in\nresponse by pastors Lamson and Phillips, the meeting closed with\nthe benediction by Dr. O. H. White, to meet next year in Cleveland,\nOhio. Near the close of the session a beautiful white dove entered\nthe church and suggestively perched in a high niche over the pulpit\nplatform.\n\nNotwithstanding the prevailing dullness of the weather during our\nAnnual Meeting at Worcester, there was nothing like dullness in\nthe meetings. Daily the capacious church was thronged with deeply\ninterested listeners. The high character of the addresses, the\nabsorbing interest of subjects discussed, the excellent music of\nthe ample choir, the completeness of arrangements by the local\ncommittee, and their uniform courtesy and unremitting attentions,\nand last, but not least, the generous hospitality of the Christian\npeople of the city, all conspired to make the occasion one to be\nlong and delightfully remembered.\n\nThe American Missionary Association turns with fresh hope and new\ninspiration to the work of the coming year.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nGENERAL SURVEY.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nFREEDMEN.\n\nThe fortunes of the freed people during the current year indicate\na marked degree of progress. A healthy growth in all the branches\nof our Southern work is quite discernible. It is strikingly evident\nthat the Freedmen are discovering the extent of the horizon\nopening up before them through our educational institutions. At\none time, many of their leaders were attracted by the allurements\nof political preferment, and counted nothing so good as position\nin office, and many such, doubtless, there will be to the end of\ntime. There is, however, an increasing number among them who are\ncoming to realize that intelligence and character developed by\nChristian education have a commanding worth and solid value that\ncannot be conveyed by an appointment or imbibed during the sessions\nof a legislature. This good result has been hastened by Teachers\u2019\nInstitutes, conducted by Southern and Northern educators, among the\nblack and also the white citizens, sometimes large numbers of both\nclasses mingling in the same convention.\n\nPossibly never have our missions been more richly blessed by the\noutpourings of the Holy Spirit than during the past year. Whole\nclasses in a school have indulged the hopes of a new life, and the\nrich experiences gathered during revivals have been borne forth\ninto the villages and the country during the summer months by our\nstudents. Sabbath-schools have everywhere received due attention,\nand temperance work has been well sustained and productive of much\ngood. Missionary meetings and societies have been encouraged,\nand the gifts from the hard earnings of the poor to the cause of\nmissions abroad, indicate what may be hoped for when the colored\npeople become educated and prosperous.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nEDUCATIONAL WORK.\n\nOur eight Chartered Institutions, including Berea College and\nHampton Institute, which were founded by this Association, have\nexperienced a year of unusual prosperity. The number pursuing\na higher grade of study has been continually on the increase,\nand the quality of the work done, as testified to by many who\nhave witnessed it, indicates that the grade of teachers has been\nimproved, not only by self-culture on the part of those who have\nbeen long in service, but also by accessions from among the best\neducators in the country. Three of our teachers have received\nhonorary degrees from important colleges at the North, and others\nhave been encouraged by many tokens of appreciation and esteem.\n\nDuring the year, the Tillotson Institute at Austin, Tex., took\npossession of its new building, a brick structure one hundred and\nfour feet long, forty-two feet wide and five stories high. From the\nfirst this school has met with the hearty approval and sympathy of\na large number of the best citizens of Austin. The new building\nwas opened in January, and before the close of the spring term 107\nstudents had availed themselves of its advantages.\n\nThe college at Berea has added $50,000 to its permanent endowment\nfund; the Fisk University has received $4,000 endowment for student\naid. At Hampton, two new buildings, one for Indian and one for\nNegro girls, have been provided by the friends of the Institution,\nand a new Academic Hall, in place of one that was burned, has been\ndedicated. At Tougaloo, Miss., a boy\u2019s dormitory of brick, with\naccommodations for about 75 students, has been completed. This\nbuilding was made especially necessary by the ravages of fire,\nwhich destroyed the wooden structure that had served in a very\ninadequate way both for school rooms and boarding purposes.\n\nOther buildings at Straight University, New Orleans; Fisk\nUniversity, Nashville, Tenn.; Talladega College, and Atlanta\nUniversity, provided by the gift of $150,000 by Mrs. Valeria G.\nStone, have either been completed, or are in a good state of\nprogress. At New Orleans, there was added to the half square of\nland on Canal street, before owned by the A. M. A., the remaining\nhalf. Upon this site has been erected a neat three-story building,\nninety-two feet on Canal street and ninety-one feet on Roche Blave\nstreet, containing dining-room, kitchen and laundry for the whole\nschool, parlor, bath-room, apartments for teachers and dormitories\nfor about 60 girls.\n\nAt Talladega, Stone Hall, for boys, has been completed. It is\nthree stories high, with a basement, and contains printing office,\nreading-room, bath-room and dormitories for 76 students. With a\nportion of Mrs. Stone\u2019s gift, supplemented by $1,000 from Mr.\nGregory, of Marblehead, $100 from Gen. Swayne and a few smaller\nsums from others, Swayne Hall has been remodeled and thoroughly\nrepaired from pavement to bell-tower, including roofing, flooring,\nblackboarding, etc. A house for the accommodation of the President\nwill soon be completed. With these improvements the college will be\nready for a great work.\n\nAt Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., Livingstone Missionary Hall\nis nearly inclosed. It is two hundred and four feet long, sixty-two\nfeet wide in the centre, and has four stories and a basement.\nThe foundation is of stone and the walls are of pressed brick. A\nmansard roof with brick gables and ornamented chimneys crowns the\nedifice. It will contain chapel, lecture-rooms, recitation-rooms,\nteachers\u2019 apartments and dormitories for 120 boys. Although planned\nwith a strict regard for economy, it will be a grand and stately\ncompanion for Jubilee Hall. Several months will be required for its\ncompletion.\n\nAt Atlanta, a new wing has been added to the girl\u2019s dormitory,\nand plans for a school building between the two dormitories have\nbeen completed and some materials purchased. It is expected that\nthe building will be finished and ready for occupancy in a year\nfrom this time. In planning these various buildings, it has been\nthe aim to provide the best facilities possible, but the claims\nof architecture have not been wholly ignored. Some of the best\narchitects in the country have been consulted, and all the plans\nhave been examined carefully by your Executive Committee.\n\nIt will be seen by this review that each of our eight chartered\ninstitutions has received permanent and substantial aid either in\nfunds or in buildings, and that never before were they so fully\nequipped for the great work thrown upon them. The prayer of the\nlast half score of years for room has been wonderfully answered,\nand the blessing of Heaven is crowning the labors of workers with\nrich rewards.\n\nOur other schools, 46 in all, normal and common, have met with\nfavor on every hand, and have experienced uninterrupted progress\nthroughout the year. At some of them the industrial work has been\npushed forward with gratifying success. Attention has been given to\nhousehold industries in two or three places. A class of girls at\nMemphis, Tenn., has been carefully instructed with actual practice\nin an experimental kitchen, on the nature, relative values, and\nhealthful methods, of cooking food. Classes in needle work,\nknitting, and in the use of sewing machines, have had daily lessons\nand practice.\n\nWe have had in all 230 teachers in the field, a gain of 30 over\nlast year. Of these, 14 have performed the duties of matrons and 15\nhave been engaged in the business departments.\n\nThe total number of students has been 9,108, a gain of 1,056 over\nthe previous year. They were classed as follows: theological, 104;\nlaw, 20; collegiate, 91; collegiate preparatory, 131; normal,\n2,342; grammar, 473; intermediate, 2,722; primary, 3,361; studying\nin two grades, 136.\n\nOur normal and common schools, like our chartered institutions,\nare constantly sending up the call for more room. Permanent\naccommodations have been provided at some points and temporary\nones at others. At Wilmington, N.C., by the gift of Hon. J.\nJ. H. Gregory, the school building has been remodeled for the\naccommodation of a large number of students. A new mission home\nhas also been built by the munificence of the same gentleman. At\nAthens, Ala., the colored people have done nobly toward furnishing\nmaterial for the school-house now under process of construction.\nThey have already made two hundred thousand bricks with their\nown hands, and are placing them in the walls to represent their\ninterest in the property. It is hoped that the work will be\ncompleted by January 1st, and that Miss Wells, who has been\nPrincipal of the school for fifteen years, will be rewarded for\nher labor and patient waiting by ample accommodation for all the\nstudents who may seek the advantages of her excellent normal school.\n\nDuring the year we have inaugurated work at Topeka, Kan., the chief\nrendezvous of the refugees, where a lot has been purchased and a\nbuilding suitable for both church and school purposes erected.\nDivine services are held on the Sabbath. A Sabbath-school with\nan average attendance of 170 has been gathered, and a prosperous\nnight-school sustained. Much good has been done by our missionary\nand others at this point in the distribution of supplies to the\ndestitute, and by speeding them on their way to homes among the\nfarmers and mechanics of the State. We have also resumed our church\nwork at Lawrence, Kan., with good results.\n\nCommencement days, or the closing exercises at our different\ninstitutions, are becoming more and more eventful as the years go\non. One feature of especial interest at Hampton was the delivery\nof orations and the reading of papers by the alumni of the school.\nThese displayed an amount of character and culture on the part\nof those who had been several years in the field since their\ngraduation which was very gratifying.\n\nCommencement day at Berea College is unlike any other in the South\nor elsewhere in the country. Hours before the exercises begin, the\nstreets are thronged with hundreds of people, black and white,\nold and young, properly dressed or dressed in rags, some riding\non the finest steeds produced in Kentucky, some on plough horses,\nmules and ponies, riding single, riding double, with a child or two\nbetween. The exercises are held in a large open tabernacle seating\nabout three thousand persons. The building is usually decorated\nwith mottoes and banners, with plants and flowers and miniature\nfountains. The college band furnishes the music. Not the least\ninteresting is the basket dinner on the college campus. The fame of\nthese days spreads far and wide for hundreds of miles, awakening an\nenthusiasm on the part of the young for an education, and winning\nwords of praise and tokens of cheer from the very best people\nthroughout the State.\n\nAt the Emerson Institute, Mobile, Ala., eight hundred people\ncrowded into the Third Baptist Church to see and to hear of the\nwork for themselves; while, at Montgomery, on the theory that\nwhat is good for a part is good for all, every scholar, from the\nleast to the greatest, was given a speech. As there were more than\nthree hundred to take part, the authorities decided that all the\nexercises should not be crowded into a single day. Consequently, in\norder that a good thing might last a good while, it was arranged to\ndevote three evenings to the speaking.\n\nThe growing interest in these anniversary occasions all along the\nline of our work, the attendance of leading white citizens, and\ntheir readiness to occupy seats on the platform with our teachers\nand workers, the enthusiasm of the colored folks to throng in and\ncatch every word that is uttered, all combine to lift up the work\nfrom the low place it has occupied among those at the South who\nhave looked unfavorably upon it, and to magnify in the minds of the\ncolored people, who have struggled so hard to send their children\nto school, the dignity and importance of Christian education. With\na few more years of progress like the past, our educational work\nwill outrun and leave behind the obstacles and the enemies which\nhave stood in its way during the past years, and God is speeding\nthe day.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nCHURCH WORK.\n\nOur Church Work is attaining a steady and healthful growth. We\ndo not seek to force the founding of churches where there is no\nurgent demand for them; while this might swell our rolls, it would\nonly serve to weaken and discourage ultimately. Our purpose is\nto establish churches where there is sufficient intelligence and\noutlook to give reasonable hope that a Congregational church may\ndo good service for the Master, not only by the benefit accruing\nto its own members, but also by its influence upon other and older\nchurches that have not had the advantages of an educated ministry.\nOur whole number of churches is 78, being an addition of five\nover last year. These have been organized at Washington, D.C.,\nLouisville, Ky., Little Rock, Ark., Thibadeaux, La., and Houma,\nLa. The total number of church members is 5,472, a gain of 511 on\nlast year. The number in Sabbath-school, 8,130, a gain of 1,806.\nNew meeting houses have been constructed at Peteance, La., Little\nRock, Ark., Lassiter\u2019s Mills, N.C., and Wilmington, N.C. At the\nlatter place a tasteful structure, with accommodations for 400,\nwas provided by the gift of Hon. Mr. Gregory, at a cost to him of\n$3,600, and dedicated with fitting ceremonies, which were heartily\nparticipated in by the leading white clergymen of the city. Church\nbuildings are under process of erection at Caledonia, Miss.,\nLuling, Tex., Frausse Point, La. Parsonages have also been built at\nFlorence, Ala., Flatonia, Tex., and houses for the Presidents at\nTougaloo, Miss., and Talladega, Ala.\n\nThe material prosperity of our churches indicated by these\nstatements is very encouraging, but the spiritual activity and\ngrowth is far more so. More than one-third of our churches have\nreported revivals, with conversions numbering from seven to\nforty-four, resulting in a large number of accessions to the\nchurches.\n\nOur church work is gradually creating a demand for the services\nof the students graduating at theological departments under our\nsupervision at Howard University, Talladega College, Fisk and\nStraight Universities, and these are taking the places of white\nclergymen from the North in many localities.\n\nThe growing interest in theological seminaries for Freedmen is\nhappily illustrated by the gift of $25,000 to us, for endowment of\nthe theological department at Howard University.\n\nWe have seven State Conferences, embracing the most of the\nterritory occupied by our schools and churches. These hold annual\nconventions, at which large numbers assemble.\n\nThe Alabama Conference has associated with it a woman\u2019s missionary\nsociety, which reports the operation of its auxiliaries in\ndifferent parts of the State. It is an active, hard-working and\nsuccessful society, that does great credit to the missionary\nworkers connected with it. This Conference also has a Sabbath-school\nconvention representing many county organizations, and the\nSabbath-school interests of the State. The meetings of this\nConference, as well as those of the others, exert a beneficent and\nwide-spread influence, which serves not only to cement, but to make\nactive and strong, the Congregational church work at the South.\n\nThe movement made a few years since on the part of a few leading\nladies at the North to send forth female missionaries to labor in\nthe homes of the poor and destitute colored people, and to assist\notherwise for their temporal and spiritual improvement, has met\nwith marked approval and encouraging success. We have commissioned\neleven in all during the past year, and their reports have been\nfull of interest. We believe the work they have been doing is a\nvital necessity, and that it should be extended as rapidly as may\nbe consistent with the other interests we have in charge.\n\nIt is fitting before bringing to a conclusion the report of our\noperations among the Freedmen, that proper recognition be made of\nthe improved sentiment among the whites at the South relative to\nour work. We entered the South with right principles. We did not\ninquire especially what was good policy, but what was required by\njustice, and what was consistent with righteousness. To promote\nthese ends our missionaries were ready to sacrifice, if need be,\ntheir lives. They never advanced to retreat, but to conquer. Amidst\nhardship, ostracism and poverty, they toiled on; the Southern\npeople watched them; little by little they came to recognize their\nworth; they saw massive structures rear themselves in choice\nlocations in the great capital cities of the South. They were led\nto recognize the ability and integrity of the self-denying workers,\nwho pursued their toilsome way in leading young Freedmen up to\nChristian manhood and womanhood; they saw church after church\nfounded with a pure and educated ministry; some of the best of\nthem ventured to visit the teachers and their schools. The work\ngrew on. The children who had been under the care of leading white\ncitizens in service or in household, exhibited the value of the\nwork done so strikingly as to remove all doubt of the purpose and\nsuccess of the teachers from the North. United States Senators, the\nGovernors of States, Legislative bodies and companies of good men,\nout of interest, out of patriotism, out of curiosity sometimes,\nattended anniversary occasions, and lent their interest and gave\ntheir influence to promote the welfare of the institutions under\nour care. The result of it all has been to emphasize and establish\nthe principles with which we started out, and to revolutionize the\nsentiment of many leading minds throughout the Southern country;\nand now halls of legislation and portions of the press of the\nSouth sparkle with sentiments that would do honor to Northern\npatriots, who battled early for the existence and success of this\nAssociation. Governor Brown of Georgia wins his election to the\nUnited States Senate after affirming before the Legislature, \u201cWe\nmust educate the colored race. They are citizens, and we must do\nthem justice.\u201d\n\nGovernor Holliday, of Virginia, who lost an arm in the Confederate\nservice, comes forward and makes good use of the other in\nexpressive gestures while urging the claims of the colored people\nfor education at the anniversary at Hampton.\n\nGeneral Humes, a Major-General in the Southern army, consents to\ngive the oration at the anniversary of the Le Moyne Institute, and\nconveys assurances of the active sympathy of the best citizens of\nMemphis for the work carried on; while Dr. Atticus G. Haygood, the\nPresident of Emory College, bursts forth with the exclamation,\n\u201cSuppose these Northern teachers had not come, that nobody had\ntaught the negroes, set free and citizens, the South would have\nbeen uninhabitable by this time. Some may resent this; be it so,\nthey resent the truth.\u201d\n\nThe utterances of the press are not less significant. An editorial\nin the Memphis _Appeal_ affirms: \u201cThe Southern States have too\nlong stood aloof and allowed the stranger to do for the negro what\nthey should have done themselves.\u201d \u201cThere is but one thing for\nthe people of the South to do, and this is, to throw themselves\ninto the work of educating the negro. We must go forward, and must\ntake the negro by the hand and make him feel that he is a part of\nthe great column of the people.\u201d The Nashville _American_, the\nmost influential paper in the State, through its leading editor,\nin giving a report of the anniversary of Fisk University, goes on\nto say: \u201cIn the labor of regeneration of a race, no agency will\nhave so high a place as this conservative school.\u201d The Vicksburg\n_Herald_ strikes another note on the gamut and illustrates a\nchange of sentiment on this wise, in response to a narrow-minded,\ncomplaining correspondent: \u201cWe are heartily in favor of the South\nfrom the Potomac to the Rio Grande being thoroughly and permanently\nYankeeized. Yankee energy, Yankee schools, Yankee cultivation,\nYankee railroads and Yankee capital are badly needed in the South,\nand will be welcomed by every Southern progressive patriot.\u201d\n\nWe believe there is nothing to hinder this tidal wave of better\nfeeling from sweeping the entire South. For our part, we have only\nto hold on and press on.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nAFRICA.\n\nThe development of the work among the Freedmen, the interest taken\nin African civilization by the most thoughtful people in the\ncountry at large, and the enthusiasm awakened among the blacks for\nthe land of their ancestors, constantly remind us of the call we\nhave for mission work in Africa. We have paid much attention to\nthe consideration of this call. In accordance with the suggestion\nof the last Annual Meeting, we have appointed a Superintendent of\nAfrican Missions, not only to supervise the work we have carried\non so long on the West Coast, but to lay the foundations of the\nArthington Mission on the Upper Nile. Great care was taken in\nselecting a Superintendent, resulting in the choice of Rev. Henry\nM. Ladd, the son of a missionary, who spent the first sixteen years\nof his life in the East, after which he came to this country,\npursued a course of study and entered the ministry at Walton, N.Y.\nMr. Ladd left America for the Mendi Mission in February, reaching\nthe West Coast the last of March. He made a careful examination\nof the methods of missionary work at Freetown, Sierra Leone,\nunder the care of our British brethren, and afterward proceeded\nto Good Hope Station, where we have a church and school. Mr. Ladd\nwas accompanied to Africa by Mr. Kelly M. Kemp and his wife, from\nLincoln University. A council was called at Good Hope Station for\nthe ordination of Mr. Kemp, and representatives of the Shengay and\nother missions were present. It was thought advisable that Mr. A.\nE. White, who had acted as teacher at this point, should return\nto America. He has since done so, and at present is pursuing his\nstudies at Oberlin College, with a view of preparing himself for\nbetter service on the mission field. Mr. Nurse also retired from\nthe mission, giving place to Bro. Kemp, whose experiences and\neducation rendered himself a desirable person as pastor over the\nchurch at this point. After arranging details of affairs at Good\nHope, Mr. Ladd visited the Avery Station, and was encouraged by\nthe good work under the supervision of Mr. Jackson at this inland\nstation.\n\nOur saw-mill, being the only one on the coast, can be brought into\nservice constantly. Logs are plentiful in the neighborhood, and the\npeople are willing to work. The coffee farm at Avery shows signs of\nprogress, and very soon we may hope for a yield that will test the\nvalue of the experiment. The church and school have been kept up,\nmuch attention being given in the church to rigorous discipline,\nwhere the members had inclined too strongly toward the barbarous\ncustoms of the heathen about them. We have long felt the need of\na business superintendent to manage the affairs of the mill and\nfarm at Avery, to take care of the property at Good Hope and Debia,\nand to keep the temporary home at Freetown in readiness for the\nmissionaries on their way to and fro. Mr. I. J. St. John, a man of\nconsiderable experience in business affairs, has been appointed\nto fill this position. In common with other missionary societies,\nlaboring for the redemption of Africa, we find that where there\nare no roads or domestic animals, but many rivers, a suitable\nsteamer would be quite serviceable in promoting the interests of\nour civilizing operations, and in adding to the comfort of our\nmissionaries. We believe we ought to provide such a steamer for the\nMendi Mission as early as possible, and our appeals are already out\nfor $10,000 as a special fund for this purpose.\n\nWe were saddened early in the summer by the unexpected death of\nRev. Mr. Kemp, which was followed soon after by the death of his\nwife, just as they were settling down to the life work they had\nchosen. Both of these dear missionaries were unavoidably exposed\nin open boats to the bad influences of the climate. By their death\nthey illustrate our need of more speed and better shelter in\ntransporting missionaries from station to station.\n\nWe have appointed Rev. J. M. Williams, a native of South America\nand an experienced worker in Africa, to carry on the work at Kaw\nMendi, the first station occupied on the return of the Amistad\ncaptives.\n\nRev. J. M. Hall, a graduate of Maryville College and of the\nTheological Department of Howard University, has consented to fill\nthe place vacated by the death of Mr. Kemp, and he, with Mr. St.\nJohn, left America in October for the mission.\n\nThree lads from the Mendi country are at school in America, one at\nFisk University, and the others at Hampton Institute.\n\nEarly in December, Mr. Robt. Arthington, of Leeds, Eng., signified\nhis readiness to pay over the \u00a33,000 he had pledged as a nucleus,\nprovided we would plant a mission on the Upper Nile. Already Dr.\nO. H. White, Secretary of the Freedmen\u2019s Missions Aid Society of\nLondon, had made good progress in securing \u00a33,000 additional to\nMr. Arthington\u2019s pledge for the same purpose. It was evident to us\nthat the $30,000 asked for from Great Britain toward the $50,000\nfund for this mission would be speedily made up. As we had pledged\nourselves to furnish $20,000 on condition that we received in all\nfrom Great Britain $30,000, the question of the establishment of\nthe mission directly was thrown upon us. We felt that the call to\nus was to go forward, and Mr. Ladd\u2019s services were secured at the\nearliest day possible with a view to this necessity. As the plan of\nsending forward two men to look over the mission field, select a\nsite for the station, and to determine what supplies and facilities\nwould be needful for the mission, fully met Mr. Arthington\u2019s view,\nwe determined to send forward Mr. Ladd early in the autumn for the\npurpose mentioned. We were happy, also, in securing the services\nof a former parishioner of Mr. Ladd, Dr. E. E. Snow, a physician\nof much experience, to accompany him on his journey. These two\nbrethren left New York in September. They had provided themselves\nwith a valuable letter from Secretary Blaine, instructing the\nConsul General of the United States at Cairo to further their\nobject as much as he might be able. On their way they purposed\nto procure letters of introduction from the English Government,\nhoping thereby to be assisted in making favorable arrangements\nwith the Khedive of Egypt for transportation to the field of their\ndestination, and also for the privilege of using a steamboat on\nthe waters of the Upper Nile. Their plan of route will be to visit\nCairo, and proceed from thence to Souakim, on the Red Sea; from\nthis point they will pursue a camel route a distance of 240 miles\nto Berber, where they hope to find steamboat facilities for the\nremainder of their journey. The point which they seek to reach is\nabout 1,500 miles in a direct line south of the Mediterranean and\nnear the mouth of the Sobat, where the people are in the depth of\nbarbarism. It is the hope of your Committee that Brothers Ladd\nand Snow will be able to return in early summer, at which time\nDr. Snow will devote himself to procuring a suitable steamer for\nmission purposes on the Nile, and other supplies and facilities\nneedful for the comfort and success of the enterprise. Supt. Ladd\nwill devote himself to organizing a suitable corps of missionaries\nfor the Arthington mission, two of whom are already under\nappointment, with a view of proceeding up the Nile next autumn to\ntheir field of labor. Our African work is not without its hazards,\nits embarrassments and inevitable discouragements. We believe,\nhowever, that the good tidings of great joy must be preached to the\nmillions of newly-discovered peoples in Central Africa, and that\nthe negro race with which we have so much to do has an urgent and\nimperative call in this direction. We accept, therefore, cheerfully\nand prayerfully, our part of the burden, trusting that the many\nfriends of the long despised and forgotten Africans will sustain us\nby their prayers and by their contributions, while we go forward as\nthe Lord opens the way, performing our tasks as best we are able\nuntil the day shall dawn.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nTHE INDIANS.\n\nWe believe that the Peace Policy of General Grant, which was\ncontinued by President Hayes, has been productive of great and\nlasting good to the Indians. Some infelicities have occurred\nbetween the Government representatives and those of the religious\nbodies having nominations intrusted to them, and these, together\nwith other reasons, have served to diminish the interest once\ntaken by the officials at Washington in the co-operation of the\nreligious bodies. We have no wish to discuss the subject, nor to\npress upon the Administration the question of the continuance of\nthe Peace Policy. We content ourselves, therefore, with giving a\nfew statements relative to the Indian work under our care.\n\nThe general improvement of the Indians at the S\u2019Kokomish Agency is\nindicated from the fact that the white employ\u00e9s, with the exception\nof the clerks, physicians, and those connected with the schools,\nhave been discharged and their places filled by Indians. At this\nAgency, the long desired titles to their land have at last been\ngranted to the Indians by the Government, and they have, therefore,\nadditional inducements to become thrifty and make themselves homes.\nAt Dunginess Station, where a few members of the S\u2019Kokomish church\nreside, there is a church building, the only one in the county.\nThis has been furnished recently with a bell and melodeon. An\naverage attendance of forty on divine services at this point and\nof eighty at S\u2019Kokomish is of much encouragement. Their gifts,\nalso, to benevolent objects for the year, amounting to $614.67,\nindicate that the Indian may be counted upon to help on the world\u2019s\nconversion. Good work has been done for Indians at Hampton and\nCarlisle, and we have the question under serious consideration of\nproviding suitable accommodations for Indian youth in connection\nwith other institutions.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nTHE CHINESE.\n\nThe work among the Chinese on the Pacific Coast has been carried\non under the able and energetic superintendence of Rev. W. C.\nPond with unabated interest and success. Here there has been\nenlargement. The excess of teachers for the past year over the\nprevious year has been six, that of pupils 76, and of hopeful\nconversions 13. A comparison of the statistics and work shows an\nimprovement at all points. The total enrollment last year was\n1,556; this year, 1,632. The number last year who gave evidence of\nconversion was 127; this year, 140. All reports that have come to\nus are exceedingly encouraging, and not the least among them is\nthe repeated expression of the need there is of some well chosen\npoint in Southern China for a mission station from which converted\nChinamen returning to their fatherland may go forth to preach to\ntheir countrymen. We do not purpose to act hastily upon suggestions\nof this kind. We seek, however, to learn clearly the will of the\nMaster, and to expand His work whenever and wherever it is evident\nHe is leading the way.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nFINANCES.\n\nThe financial success reported at our last Annual Meeting, while\nfull of encouragement, cast upon us a shade of anxiety. It was\nnot certain that the additional funds made necessary by the large\ngifts we had received for new buildings, and the plans we had\nadopted for enlargement at different points, would be forthcoming.\nEfforts were made throughout that meeting to impress upon all those\npresent the urgent necessity we were under for at least 25 per\ncent. of increase in receipts over the previous year for current\nexpenses. The same necessity was also set forth at the National\nCouncil at St. Louis, in our publications and in the pulpits, and\nat conferences and conventions wherever opportunity was afforded.\nWe felt that God had called us to do an enlarged work, and that if\nwe could convey the information to His people, and share with them\nthe burden we felt ourselves, the responses would be sufficiently\nliberal to meet all demands. In this we were not disappointed. The\nreceipts reported for the fiscal year closing Sept. 30, 1880, were,\nfor current work, $187,480.02; this year, $243,795.23, a gain of\n$56,315.21. This shows an advance of 30 per cent. mainly in the\nordinary subscriptions over last year, and indicates the people\u2019s\nhearty appreciation and indorsement of our work. For this we return\nprofound gratitude to Almighty God. The fiscal year was closed free\nfrom debt, and with a balance in our treasury of $518.80. We are\nsure that the liberality displayed augurs well for the future. We\nbelieve the money received was expended wisely. We do not see how\nwe could have done justice to our work without it. But additional\noutlay for current expenses is sure to be needful. The Stone Hall\njust finished at Straight University will afford accommodations\nfor the teachers and sixty girls. The cost, however, for student\naid, for insurance and the care of the building, will require\nadditional receipts. What is true at New Orleans is equally true at\nTalladega College, with its new dormitory for a hundred boarders,\nand at Tougaloo, Miss., with the facilities of its new Hall. When\nLivingstone Missionary Hall, at Nashville, is done, and Stone Hall,\nat Atlanta University, completed, two hundred additional boarding\nstudents will make new demands which must be met.\n\nTo all we have mentioned must be added the consideration that we\nare laying foundations for a mission in Africa on the Upper Nile,\nat a point further remote from the coast than any occupied by\nother societies, either home or foreign, and that the outlay for\nthis, if carried forward, will be considerable in the near future.\nWe believe, therefore, that it is our duty to ask the friends of\nthis Association to give us during the coming year not less than\n$300,000 for the support and enlargement of the varied work we have\nin charge.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nDEMANDS OF THE FUTURE.\n\nSome of the demands indicated above may be summarized as follows:\n\n1. The increase of students this year over last year is 1,056. A\nconsiderable number of these were boarding students, but with our\nadditional accommodations we shall require the coming year from\nfive to ten thousand dollars more than usual for student aid.\n\n2. We have no boys\u2019 dormitory at Straight University, the new\nStone Hall being exclusively for the teachers and girls. We need\nimmediately fifteen thousand dollars to supply this want.\n\n3. Funds also are necessary for libraries in at least ten of our\ndifferent institutions. An advanced school without a sufficient\nlibrary labors under great disadvantages, and especially so when\nlocated amid a people who have but very few books of their own.\nFrom ten to twenty thousand dollars for libraries could be used\nvery profitably at once.\n\n4. Our theological departments need better facilities and an\nincreased corps of instructors. The number of students graduating\nfrom the different schools at the South is rapidly increasing.\nMany of these would enter the Christian ministry if sufficiently\nencouraged to do so. We need funds for the endowment of professors\u2019\nchairs at least at three different points south of the Ohio.\n\n5. We need also endowment funds for all our chartered institutions.\nNo colleges thrive for a great length of time without endowments.\nThe work of a missionary society primarily is to plant churches and\nreligious institutions, and to sustain them until they can care for\nthemselves. Its business is, and must be, aggressive. As soon as\nmay be, its churches and its educational institutions must become\nself-sustaining by their own endeavors, while the society goes\nforward to new fields. We need now, we surely ought to have in the\nnear future, not less than five hundred thousand dollars for the\nendowment of our different institutions.\n\n6. We need also ten thousand dollars at once for a suitable steamer\nfor our Mendi Mission.\n\nThe negroes in the West Indies, the millions in South America, the\ntwo hundred millions in Africa, have their claims upon us. We are\nof them as a missionary society, and they are of us as our brethren\nin distress, awaiting such benefits as we have been blessed in\nbestowing on the few representatives in our own country.\n\nFinally, this Association needs, most of all, the prayers of God\u2019s\npeople everywhere for the guidance of His Holy Spirit, and the\nsufficiency of His grace to direct its affairs in days to come, and\nfor this your Committee puts forth its most urgent appeal.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nSUMMARY OF THE TREASURER\u2019S REPORT OF THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY\nASSOCIATION, FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPT. 30, 1881.\n\n\nRECEIPTS.\n\n From Churches, Sabbath Schools,\n Missionary Societies and\n Individuals $159,035.21\n From Estates and Legacies 46,710.34\n From Income, Sundry Funds 7,495.65\n From Tuition and Public Fund 21,449.92\n From Sale of Property 2,250.00\n From Rents 1,208.40\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014238,149.52\n From Donations for Tillotson C.\n and N. Institute Building 5,645.71\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n 243,795.23\n Balance on hand, Sept. 30, 1880 783.73\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014$244,578.96\n ===========\n\n\nEXPENDITURES.\n\n THE SOUTH.\u2014For Church and\n Educational Work $180,753.26\n For Tillotson C. and N.\n Institute Building 5,645.71\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014186,398.97\n THE CHINESE.\u2014For Supt., Teachers\n and School Expenses 8,858.50\n THE INDIANS.\u2014For Missionaries\n and Teachers and Student Aid 1,703.24\n FOREIGN MISSIONS.\u2014For Mendi\n Mission, Missionaries and\n Teachers 12,187.86\n For Jamaica Mission 250.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 12,437.86\n PUBLICATIONS.\u2014For American\n Missionary, Annual Report,\n Pamphlets, Postage, &c. 8,795.04\n COLLECTING FUNDS.\u2014Boston Office.\n Dist. Sec., Agent, Traveling\n Expenses, Rent, Clerk-hire,\n Printing, Postage, &c. 5,715.91\n Middle District. Dist. Sec.,\n Traveling Expenses,\n Clerk-hire. Printing,\n Postage, &c. 2,953.50\n Chicago Office. Dist. Sec.,\n Traveling Expenses,\n Clerk-hire, Printing,\n Postage, &c. 3,513.09\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 12,182.50\n ADMINISTRATION.\u2014New York Office.\n Cor. Sec., Treasurer,\n Traveling Expenses, Clerk-hire,\n Rent, Printing, Stationery,\n Postage, &c. 11,943.89\n MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.\u2014Annual Meeting 335.51\n Wills and Estates 251.32\n Annuitants bal. 679.90\n Traveling Expenses of Cor. Sec.\n as Delegate to England, and\n in other services abroad 473.43\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 1,740.16\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n 244,060.16\n Balance on hand, Sept. 30, 1881 518.80\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014$244,578.96\n ===========\n\n\nENDOWMENT FUNDS.\n\n GENERAL ENDOWMENT FUND.\u2014Belinda\n Sanford, Lebanon Springs, N.Y. $1,000.00\n SCHOLARSHIP ENDOWMENT FUND FOR FISK\n UNIVERSITY.\u2014By Mrs. A. M. Haley,\n Buda, Ill., in memory of Samuel\n Gordon Haley, deceased, Two\n Scholarships $2,000.00\n Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Plumb, Streator,\n Ill., Two Bonds, $1,000 each, of\n Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific R. R. 2,000.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 4,000.00\n THEOLOGICAL ENDOWMENT FUND FOR HOWARD\n UNIVERSITY.\u2014Mrs. Valeria G. Stone,\n Malden, Mass. 25,000.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n 30,000.00\n\n\nSTATEMENT OF ARTHINGTON MISSION FUND FOR AFRICA.\n\n Collections to Sept. 30, 1879 $ 45.00\n Collections Oct. 1, 1879, to\n Sept. 30, 1880 6,576.48\n Collections Oct. 1, 1880, to\n Sept. 30, 1881 26,289.62\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 32,911.10\n Amount expended to Sept. 30, 1881 7,433.57\n Amount unexpended 25,477.53\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 32,911.10\n\n\nSTATEMENT OF STONE FUND.\n\n Received of Mrs. Valeria G. 150,000.00\n Stone, Sept., 1880,\n Expended as follows:\n Straight University, Stone\n Hall and Lot, in full $ 25,000.00\n Talladega College, Stone\n Hall and improvements, in\n full 15,000.00\n Fisk University, Livingstone\n Missionary Hall, in part 22,476.50\n Atlanta University, Stone\n Hall, in part 14,000.00\n Supt. of Construction, in part 655.47\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 77,131.97\n Amount unexpended 72,868.03\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 150,000.00\n\n\nRECAPITULATION.\n\n A. M. A. Current Fund $243,795.23\n Endowment Funds 30,000.00\n Arthington Mission Fund, expended 7,433.57\n Stone Fund 77,131.97\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014$358,360.77\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe receipts of Berea College, Hampton N. and A. Institute and\nState appropriations of Georgia to Atlanta University, are added\nbelow, as presenting at one view the contributions of the same\nconstituency for the general work in which the Association is\nengaged:\n\n A. M. A. $358,360.77\n Berea College 60,106.69\n Hampton N. and A. Institute 102,578.77\n Atlanta University 8,000.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014$529,046.23\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nADDRESS OF SENATOR GEO. F. HOAR.\n\nMR. PRESIDENT AND LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:\n\nI suppose your Secretary was well warranted in announcing my name,\nfor early in the summer I made an engagement to prepare a paper\nto be read here to-night on Christian education in the South; but\nthe occupations of the last four weeks, as imperative as they were\nunexpected, have put it entirely out of my power to comply with\nmy engagement, as I informed your Secretary yesterday. But with a\npersistence which certainly affords a very good illustration of the\ndoctrine of the \u201cperseverance of the saints,\u201d he has compelled me\nto come here to make my excuse in person.\n\nI have not come at this late hour of the evening to enter upon an\nargument in favor of what I am sure every person within the sound\nof my voice is now thoroughly convinced of, but rather to express\nmy gratitude and honor at the great work which is now going on in\nthis country for a Christian education in the West and South, in\nwhich the American Missionary Association is so nobly taking the\nlead. I do not think you yourselves are entirely conscious of the\nsublimity of what you are doing and what you are helping to do.\nWhy, take the $321,000 which, including the expenditure from the\nStone fund, your treasurer reports you have expended during the\npast year: at the present rates at which the Government can borrow\nmoney, that represents the income of a capital of $9,000,000\u2014the\nincome of a capital which, I suppose, is greater than the entire\naggregate of all the productive funds of the American colleges\nforty years ago, and which I know is more than fifteen times the\nentire productive fund of Harvard College as it was estimated by\nPresident Quincy in 1840. Gen. Eaton made an imperfect estimate of\nthe amount given for education by voluntary contribution in this\ncountry, and in 1872 it amounted to $8,000,000 and upwards; in\n1873, the last year before the great depression in business, it\namounted to more than $11,000,000; and I am informed on credible\nand high authority that in this year of grace 1881, it will amount\nto more than $18,000,000\u2014the income of a capital, at present rates,\nof more than $500,000,000\u2014a vast national school fund invested\nnot where thieves break through and steal and where moth doth\ncorrupt, but invested in the patriotism and sense of religious\nduty of a Christian people. There is nothing in statesmanship,\nthere is nothing in the opportunities for political effort, which\nthe highest honors of the State can hold out to any of her public\nservants, which surpasses in dignity the opportunity to help and to\nbid God-speed to a work like this.\n\nMy friends, it is not strange that the wealth and the conscience\nof New England should arouse itself to the opportunities which\nGod has held out to you in the present age. There are persons\nwithin the sound of my voice within whose lifetime twenty new\nstates will be admitted to this Union from territory which now is\nscarcely settled. That \u201cancient, primitive and heroical work,\u201d as\nLord Bacon calls it, which he ranks as the highest work which is\nvouchsafed to man to take part in, is being performed in your day\nand by your hands, if you choose, in a manner unparalleled in human\nhistory; and the sixteen states now reconstructed, within which,\nuntil lately, slavery had bolted the door against every form of\npopular education, now, thank God, have their doors unfolded and\nafford a field of scarcely less interest than the other. How can\nthe manufacturer, how can the merchant of Massachusetts fail to\nrespond to the appeal of these good men and these good women for\nhelp in the great work of educating these communities? Combined,\nthey are very soon to be the majority, both in states and in\npopulation, they are to determine every question of peace and war,\nevery policy of finance or of tariff; they are to enact, they are\nto furnish the men who expound and the men who execute the laws\nunder which you and I and our children are to live, and upon which\ndepends the value of all property and the prosperity of all labor.\nWill the manufacturer or the merchant, who gladly taxes himself\nto insure his property against fire or against crime, hesitate a\nmoment when you ask him to insure it against being governed by laws\nwhich are to be made by and rest upon ignorance?\n\nBut there is a better reason even than this. I think the\nopportunity to take part in such a great benefaction is enough\nto stimulate every ingenuous soul. I think there is no more\nbeautiful memorial among men than to have your name remembered or\nyour picture hang on the walls of an institution of learning as\none of its founders or benefactors. What gratitude is there like\nthat which men feel for the college or the founder of the college\nwhere they were bred and educated? Now you have an opportunity to\nattach to you the coming generations of the South by this tie, a\ntie which will be far stronger than all the hatreds or the passions\nengendered by civil war, or which have grown up under years of\nmisunderstanding and hatred.\n\nI have been gratified in what I have heard and read of the speeches\nof this Annual Meeting, and what I have read in the reports of\nyour Association, in seeing what theory it is upon which all your\nefforts seem to rest. The foundation of this American Missionary\nAssociation\u2019s work seems to me to be\u2014if I were to state it in a\nsingle phrase\u2014_reverence for the individual soul_; that doctrine\nwhich Christ preached, for which Christ died\u2014the doctrine\nwithout which there can be neither education, freedom, republic\nor self-government in the world\u2014that every human soul, whether\ncontained in a casket of ivory or a casket of bronze, is a precious\nthing in the sight of God, entitled to its equal right, to its\nequal opportunity, to its equal share in government with every\nother.\n\nNow, my friends, you have got a great deal still to do to teach the\npeople of this commonwealth of Massachusetts to believe and act\nupon that doctrine, whether they profess it or not. We avowed it,\nand pledged our lives and fortunes and sacred honor to support it\non the fourth of July, 1776, and under it we grew up from a weak\nto a strong and mighty people. The doctrine crossed the water.\nWhen Mr. Webster, in his speech in 1843, at the completion of the\nBunker Hill monument, undertook to sum up what it was that America\nhad done for mankind in the seventy years, nearly, that had then\nelapsed, he mentioned a few inventions and a few new plants and\nnew animals which had been contributed by this continent, and then\nhe said that the one thing which we had done for the world was\nthe avowal and illustration of this doctrine, that however poor\nor however humble a man might be, or whatever was his occupation,\nhe was the equal in rights, the equal in dignity, the equal in\ncapacity for improvement, in the presumption of the law, to every\nother man. Well, Europe began to adopt the doctrine. France\nestablished a republic; England becomes nothing but a republic,\n\u201chooped,\u201d as somebody has said of her. In Spain, Italy and Germany,\nthe doctrine is spreading; and lo and behold, 75,000 Chinamen\nlanded on our shores and the great republic has struck its flag!\nMen are not free and equal any longer! God has not made of one\nblood all the nations of the earth any more!\n\nMy friends, there is nothing in this world, if there is any lesson\nof history to be depended upon, which God visits with a surer and\na severer punishment than the violation of this law. Just think\nhow we have undertaken to violate it in the case of the negro;\nand think of the terrible retribution in desolated homes, in debt\nand squandered treasure, and in the loss of precious human life,\nHe exacted of us. Just think of our dealing with the Indians! Why,\nexcluding the five civilized nations in this country, there are\nabout 170,000 Indians, all told, including those in the states and\nincluding those on the plains. There are 34,000 Indian children,\naccording to the estimate of the Indian Bureau, which I think is\na little underestimated\u2014certainly not more than 40,000 Indian\nchildren of school age in this country. I suppose Gen. Armstrong\ncould tell you he could take the whole of them and educate them\nat one hundred and fifty or two hundred dollars apiece. Why, that\nnumber of Indians is less than one-two-hundred-and-fiftieth part\nof the population of this country to-day. If you should gather\nthem all into a city they would not form a city the tenth in\npopulation among the cities of America; they would not make two\naverage Congressional districts out of our 293. And yet, in the\nmode in which this country has dealt with them, considering that\ngood faith, honor, honesty, respect for property, respect for\nits own word, was out of place, from the time when Washington\nsaid that was our policy, almost in the words I have uttered,\ndown to the time when the Ponca Indians were driven from their\nhomes, and half Boston rushed to make itself an accomplice to the\ncrime, our history has been marked by a disregard of this law,\nand has been marked by the terrible retribution which God has\nexacted of us. The Indian wars and the cost of supporting the\nIndians, of transportation and of military police, are estimated\nby a very thorough and careful estimate which I received from the\nstatistician in the Treasury department the other day, at between\nfive hundred and six hundred millions of dollars. I think it\namounts to a thousand millions. The interest on the interest of\nwhat we have paid for Indian wars would take every Indian child of\nschool age and give him a competent education.\n\nNow, my friends, we have gained one thing in the history of our\ntreatment of the Indian, and we have gained one thing in the\nhistory of our treatment of the negro. It has been demonstrated by\na sufficient number of individual instances that both these races,\nhaving their own peculiarities and their own defects, as the white\nman has his own peculiarities and his own defects, are fit for\ncivilization, for law, for education, for the family, for the home,\nfor the arts and the industries which belong to civilization and\npeace. Take the case of the negro, whom we have not all learned to\nrespect as we should. I sat in the House of Representatives with\nseven members of the negro race, and you could not find seven men\nin that House, chosen on any principle of selection, who were the\nequals of those seven men, or who certainly were their superiors,\nin everything that indicated the conduct of an honorable, sensible\nand capable representative of the people. I should like to have\nyou take the Congressional Record, and read the speeches of the\nold slave-masters, and then put by their side the speeches of\nthe slaves! Why, the great orator and statesman of the Southern\nConfederacy, Alexander H. Stephens, when he came back to the public\nservice, announced weeks beforehand a speech that he proposed\nto make upon a political question of the day. The House and the\ncountry were in expectation. Mr. Stephens gave months of his best\nthought and his best care to the preparation of that speech; and\nwhen he finished delivering it, a full-blooded negro got up, and,\non the moment, answered the argument which had been made by the\ngreat champion of the slave-holding race and overthrew it. When our\nillustrious senator died, his eulogy was pronounced throughout the\nland from the lips of orator and poet and friend. Massachusetts\ncalled to her service, perhaps, the two most brilliant and\naccomplished orators in the country, Mr. Curtis and Mr. Schurz;\nand still the one eulogy of Charles Sumner which more than any\nother deserves to go down into literature and to be found in the\nschool-books of coming generations, is that pronounced by Robert B.\nElliot, of South Carolina. It is too late. If you do not educate\nthese black people, it is not because they are your inferiors;\nit is because, in your selfishness and greed, you prefer to do\nsomething else with your money than to expend it for the benefit of\nthese American citizens.\n\nBut, my friends, as I have said, I did not come here to enter\nupon an argument in behalf of a cause in which this audience,\nat least, is already enlisted. I come to express to you nothing\nbut gratitude, nothing but hope. It is no time for despair. I\nnotice that our friends, especially the clergymen who spoke to\nus, reexamined, somewhat, the foundations of our religious faith\nin their speeches, as if they thought that science or unbelief\nhad shaken a little the strength of the old faith in the minds of\nmen. I don\u2019t believe it. Undoubtedly, modern science has stripped\nour religious faith of some of the frame-work, of some of the\nimagery, of some of the associations with which the vision and\nthe imagination of our early childhood had surrounded it; but it\nseems to me that, judging as we should judge of the progress of\nmankind, by the state and depth of its religious faith, and by the\nperfectness of its obedience to the moral law, humanity reached its\nhigh-water mark on the day of President Garfield\u2019s funeral. Three\nthousand millions of mankind, at the same hour, in this country\nand across the sea, bowed their heads in a common grief and rose\nup to do a common honor to the simple qualities of love, courage,\nreligious faith, obedience to the will of God, exhibited by one man\nand by one woman whom freedom had called to her high places.\n\nWhy, my friends, you know how it is. Every speaker and every\nauditor knows how an emotion is multiplied by the size of the\naudience that feels it. You utter a jest to your neighbor which\nwill hardly create a smile, or you make a remark with pathos in\nit, which will hardly move him; but say the same thing to a great\naudience of three or four thousand people, and in every man\u2019s heart\nthat feeling is multiplied and intensified by the knowledge that\nthe same feeling is experienced by every other person. You all know\nhow that is. Now, science, the telegraph and the press enabled the\nemotion of human sorrow, at the time of Garfield\u2019s funeral, to be\nfelt over the entire civilized world. Do you think, speaking of\nscience having injured the cause of religion or Christianity, that\nthe telegraph and the printing-press are the products of cold, hard\nscience\u2014that there is no religion or morality in them? Yet, of what\nevil passion would they have rendered the service of conveying it\nto the whole of mankind at once? Could any base man, could any mere\nintellectual power, could any man of wealth, could any Napoleon,\ncould any conqueror, have swayed mankind as this simple President\nof ours and his wife did on that day? The power in this universe\nthat makes for evil, and the power in this universe that makes for\nrighteousness, measured their forces. A poor, feeble fiend shot off\nhis feeble bolt; a single human life was stricken down; and, lo, a\nthrob of Divine love thrills a planet!\n\nBut, my friends, those of us, young or old, who are enlisted in the\nservice of God\u2019s moral law, who pour out their wealth or do their\nwork in life in obedience to the doctrine, \u201cHe that hath done it\nunto the least of one of these, hath done it unto Me,\u201d works in the\nservice of the Master, who never will be shaken on His throne, and\nwhose rewards are sure.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nEXTRACTS OF ADDRESSES RELATING TO GENERAL WORK.\n\nVALUE OF CONSECRATION.\u2014Christ honors alabaster boxes that are\nbroken, and in a moment their costly ointment is shed forth and\nlost forever. He honors a service not according to its commercial\nvalue, not according to the results that appear in the reports\nof societies, but he honors a sacrifice for the purity of the\nprinciple in which it is made and the completeness of soul with\nwhich it is rendered. I believe that the church is a unit; I\nbelieve that the church is one\u2014the body of Christ, and that Christ\ncalls upon his body to be a living sacrifice to himself. As any\nblemish on the lamb that was brought to the temple for offering\nneutralized its value, so any blemish in our hearts, in the\nwithholding of a complete self-sacrifice, is a blemish on that\n\u201cliving sacrifice\u201d which the Lord Jesus Christ calls upon us and\nprompts us to make. Nay, more, I believe that the very offering\nof one has its effect upon all, and that there is this vicarious\nsuffering and this vicarious holiness, and that God Almighty looks\ndown into the dark places of the world, and He regards those places\na little less dark and a little less dreadful when He sees the\nlight of one poor flame burning upon one solitary altar.\n\nLet this, then, be the principle on which you go. You can do very\nlittle; we individually do very little in this world; but you can\nput yourself into it, you can give yourself to it, and then you\nhave made the grandest possible consecration and offering.\u2014_Rev. E.\nN. Packard._\n\n * * * * *\n\nTHE REWARD OF WORK FOR THE LOWLY.\u2014I remember to have read of a\ntraveler who was shipwrecked. He seemed to have been a dissolute,\nyoung Englishman, though of culture enough to read and write. He\nwas held captive on one of the South Sea islands for several years,\nthe natives keeping him out of sight whenever a vessel was near-by.\nThey saw that he was of a superior culture to themselves, and they\nhad built him a hut and given him everything to make him happy.\nThey waited on his instructions and he taught them many things,\nand for years he had blessed them as much as a dissolute, immoral\nman could. Finally, however, he managed to escape. One day he saw\na ship approaching the island, and he got behind some rocks and\nput off in a canoe. The natives saw him and made after him. It\nwas a race for life. He finally succeeded in getting so near the\nvessel that they threw him a rope and pulled him on board\u2014a strange\nlooking creature, all his clothes in tatters and his hair unshorn.\nHe was in great agitation, but as soon as he could speak he told\nthem his story, and there was this fleet of canoes crowding around\nthe vessel to corroborate his account. And the natives took up a\nwail, that he was going away from them, he, their only link to the\ncivilized world, was going to leave them, and their hearts were\nfull of sorrow. They wanted him to come back and give them one\nfarewell embrace; but he would not trust himself in their midst.\nBut they did this: the sailors tied a rope around him and lowered\nhim over the side of the ship, and then the natives rowed by in\ntheir canoes and kissed the poor scoundrel\u2019s feet in token of\ngratitude.\n\nOh, what a blessing it is to be permitted to lift others! How\nthankful those colored people at the South are for their teachers\nand helpers! It is a success, thank God! See the gratitude that\nswells up in their hearts; see their eagerness to follow their\ninstructions; see the endeavors they make to copy the examples that\nare set before them.\n\n* * * We are enabled to be personal sharers in this work; and we\ncan, by prayer and alms, thus express to Him who is over all, God,\nblessed forever, our thanksgiving.\u2014_Rev. A. H. Plumb._\n\n * * * * *\n\nHOPE FOR THE FUTURE.\u2014[This veteran friend of the Freedman, after\nenlarging upon the evils to which the country is exposed by\nprevailing ignorance and vice, continued as follows:]\n\nIs there any light? When Judge Tourgee wrote his first book, \u201cThe\nFool\u2019s Errand,\u201d there appeared to be a sort of hopelessness in all\nthe air; but the next book, \u201cBricks without Straw,\u201d let the light\nthrough the crevices. He discovered and unfolded the remedy. It is\neducate! Educate the masses by educating the children! It is the\nfear of God and the love of man in active operation which make the\nindividual his brother\u2019s keeper, his brother\u2019s helper. It is by\nexpanding the individual conscience to take in fully and largely\nhis individual responsibility, and re-awakening it among those who\nare more or less enlightened already.\n\nThe American Missionary Association is the mother of a big\nhousehold. She is pure, sweet-tempered, patient and persevering.\nShe entered the field of contest early and is proud of her scars.\nShe has stood at the doors of church pews which would not open,\nand endured the contempt and derision of the unthinking in her\nschool-house receptions; her sons have lost arms and legs and lives\nin her service; but she looks ever forward for her final reward,\nwhen vast multitudes shall rise up to call her blessed. My friends,\ngive help to this Association, and you help in the most direct way\nthe cause of Universal Education.\n\nBut let me say a word for Howard University. It has received\npronounced commendation from both the friends and the enemies of\ncolored men. A representative friend says of it: \u201cIt recognizes the\ncomplete manhood of a man and the complete womanhood of a woman.\u201d\nAn enemy says: \u201cIt makes gentlemen and ladies of niggers!\u201d\n\nIt duly claims for itself equality of rights for all men, and\nlimits knowledge not to color but to capacity. May the Lord bless\nand prosper it till its students and graduates shall be honored in\nall the world!\n\nThe Fisk University will ever be memorable for the wonderful\nstruggle, perseverance and final success of the Jubilee Singers.\nTheirs is the history, in a brief compass, of their race. It is\na prophecy to which we of this generation should take heed. Here\nwere slavery, emancipation, want; then journeyings almost without\nhope\u2014none except in God; then the dawn, broadening and widening\ntill the full day came! Turned out of hotels in hate; pushed from\nrailways in disgust and blasphemy; then received with delight and\nhonor by kings and princes, queens and princesses everywhere; men,\nwomen and children crying with joy at the plaint of their song, and\nclapping their hands by the thousands in their praise!\n\nMay we not take this bright history as a harbinger of good\u2014as a\nspur to more and more activity to the pupils\u2019 foster-mother, the\nAmerican Missionary Association\u2014as a call to individual duty on\nthe part of us who make up its membership\u2014yea, as in some degree\nan offset to the grievous evils that afflict our land? Ah, may we\nnot, resolving to be better and do better ourselves, look steadily\nforward, and, like your own poet, say:\n\n \u201cI have not seen, and may not see,\n My hopes for man take form in fact;\n But God will give the victory\n In due time; in that faith I act\u201d?\n\n \u2014_Gen. O. O. Howard._\n\n * * * * *\n\nELEVATION OF THE DEGRADED.\u2014When I received an invitation to speak\nat this meeting, I had arranged my business engagements for the\nweek, and I sent word back that I could not come; but I was asked\nto reconsider it, and so I have canceled two of my engagements for\nthe purpose of being here, not that I am to interest you with a\nspeech, but to show my earnest love for the great movement carried\non by this society.\n\nWhen a man steps out from his own specialty, he generally makes\na failure of it; and I don\u2019t know but I shall make a failure in\nattempting to speak to you on this theme to-night.\n\nBut this meeting and all these meetings are a grand contradiction\nto the infidel utterance, that those who love God the best love\ntheir fellow-men the least. We give such a sentence as that the\nflat contradiction as an abominable and outrageous falsehood. What\nis it that prompts men to endeavor to ameliorate the condition of\ntheir fellow-men? There is no benevolence worth anything that does\nnot come from the New Testament Christianity. Love for Christ, it\nis that which induces us to bring those who are straying away into\nthe fold. And this is the idea of this society, if I understand it.\n\nNow you know as well as I do that a reformed drunkard can operate\nupon a drunkard better than a man who never was an intemperate man;\nand a converted thief will do more good among thieves than a man\nwho has always been honest; and one who has been converted from the\nlowest grade of sin can go down into the very depths to lift up\nthose who are as debased as he or she was.\n\nWith regard to educating the colored people, I have heard people\nsay: \u201cO, there is no use trying to educate them.\u201d I have heard the\nremark that they are \u201ca stupid lot.\u201d No, they are not! If you know\nanything about them, you know they are not stupid. They will say\nwonderful things. I grant you a good many of them are ignorant;\nbut I tell you, although they may be ignorant, utterly ignorant,\nyet you will hear brighter, smarter things from them than you will\nhear from the ignorant in the North, as a general thing. Why, what\ndo you think of the negro who, when asked why he didn\u2019t fight in\nthe time of the war, said, \u201cBecause I don\u2019t want to fight.\u201d \u201cWell,\nbut they are fighting for the negro.\u201d \u201cI know they are; but did you\never see two dogs fighting for a bone?\u201d \u201cYes.\u201d \u201cWell, did you ever\nsee the bone fight?\u201d\n\nThere is something, I say, in the education of the colored\nman\u2014though why they call him \u201ccolored,\u201d I don\u2019t know. A man\nwas once asked if he was colored; he said no, he was \u201cborn\nso\u201d\u2014something to build on in themselves. And then there is their\ndesire for education. We here in the North can hardly conceive the\nearnest desire of those people to learn. When Straight University\nwas burned, I received a letter asking me for some books; and I had\nthe privilege of sending some two or three hundred volumes to them.\nI was told in the letter that on the very morning after the fire\nthe scholars assembled, and, standing among the ruins, they sang,\n\u201cHold the Fort,\u201d and then formed themselves into classes all around\nabout the ruins that they might not lose their lessons.\n\nI have an idea\u2014I shall get bewildered here a little, because I\nam talking about education, and I never was educated myself\u2014that\neducation may not make a man a better Christian, but it will make\nhim a more useful Christian. One poor woman, living in a smoky\ncabin, when asked how she could endure to live in such a smoke,\nsaid: \u201cWhy, honey, I\u2019se thankful to de good Lord to get anything to\nmake a smoke of.\u201d There was a good deal of ignorance, but there was\ntrue thanksgiving. Another one said: \u201cGod whips you and leaves you\nalone sometimes, to see if you won\u2019t work; but la, it\u2019s just like\na baby\u2014as soon as you cry He hears ye!\u201d Some of the most beautiful\nsentiments have been uttered by those who are the most ignorant;\nbut when we are appointing men to preach the Gospel, my opinion is\nthat education is needed, and we must so arrange the machinery of\nthe American Missionary Association that hundreds of thousands of\nmen who are now waiting the opportunity to preach the everlasting\nGospel intelligently shall be brought into the field of labor.\n\nO, it is a glorious work, this lifting, lifting up of the low, this\nministering to those who are poor, this helping those who have no\nhelper! It is a grand work, and I thank God that there is such an\nAssociation as this, stretching out its hands and its arms in every\ndirection to lay hold on those for whom the world has cared so\nlittle.\u2014_John B. Gough, Esq._\n\n * * * * *\n\nTHE NEGRO WORTH SAVING.\u2014It may be put down as a sure thing that our\nestimate of men, in the long run, determines what we do for them.\nOur theories of human nature are the measure of our philanthropies.\nI am not going to sacrifice much for any man whom I reckon as\nutterly and hopelessly insignificant. Christian philanthropy is\nnot a sentiment, nor an emotion, but a practical principle; and\nprinciples are ideas vitalized and set in movement by convictions.\nSuppose, for instance, that you assume that men are incapable and\ncannot be made capable of self-government. I think your political\nphilanthropy will not take a very democratic type. If a colored\nman\u2014black, red, or whatever\u2014is not fit, and cannot be made fit, for\nthe political suffrage, then we shall have white men\u2019s suffrage,\nand the question of fitness will inevitably determine the whole\nmatter. If negro suffrage had any rational ground, and was not a\nwild and desperate venture, it was grounded in the theory that\nthe negro could be made capable for the exercise of the political\nsuffrage, and the men who had faith enough in him to give him the\nsuffrage, assumed that there would be found men who would have\nfaith enough in him to fit him for the exercise thereof.\n\nAgain, suppose you assume that the Christian churches are\nincompetent to manage their own ecclesiastical affairs within the\nlimits of a true Christian and ecclesiastical fellowship. I think\nyour ecclesiastical fellowship will not take a very Congregational\ntype. Of course, we must have a strong central government that\nwill manage the affairs of such incompetence. It has been assumed\nthat the colored people of the South are unfit for the superior\nintelligence of our Congregationalism, or that Congregationalism is\nnot sufficiently spectacular and sensational to fit the primitive\nwants of the colored people. I will not characterize such heresy as\nthat as it seems to me it ought to be characterized. At any rate, I\nthink it a most beggarly begging of the whole question; and if it\nbe true, then the occupation, ecclesiastically at least, of this\nsociety is gone.\n\nThe truth is, friends, our ecclesiastical, like our political\nphilanthropy, is grounded on faith in men\u2014intelligent, Christian\nfaith in the manhood, capacities and possibilities of men; and\nwhen that faith is gone, the bottom is out and we must have new\nfoundations.\n\nOr suppose we assume that the children in our homes are only\nanimals, or are fit only for the mechanical drudgery of life. I\nthink our domestic and educational philanthropy will not take, to\nsay the least of it, a very civilized type. Yung Pow says that it\nis of far more importance whether an angel or a devil educate the\nchild than whether a learned doctor or a simpleton teach him; that\nis, the virtue that educates is of far more importance than the\nintelligence that instructs\u2014which, in a certain way, of course, is\ntrue. But what is the use of debating the relative importance of\nvirtue and intelligence where they are co-ordinate? The highest\nvirtue demands intelligence, and the highest intelligence demands\nvirtue. But suppose it to be true that the child is very likely to\nfind the doctor or the simpleton, as well as the angel or the evil\ndemon, what then? Of course, we want the angel in our homes and\nin our schools; but I submit that we want the doctor, too, or his\nequivalent. We have got to look out for the devil in our homes and\nin our schools; but I submit that we have got to look out for the\nsimpleton, too. It is not virtue, it is not goodness alone that\neducates; it is intelligence as well; and what we want is a broad,\nnoble, manly and Christian intelligence that estimates aright the\nmanhood possibilities of every man\u2014that will assume the Christian\nstandard of estimate, which is not, I submit, the materialist\u2019s\nestimate, nor the secularist\u2019s estimate, nor the politician\u2019s\nestimate, nor the Pharisee\u2019s estimate. We want a faith in men\nthat will not prejudge either case against them, and undertake\nto determine on _\u00e0 priori_ grounds just the precise measure of\nmen\u2019s capacity, and just what they are able to accomplish. We want\na faith that understands that we are not dealing with material\nsubstances nor merely mechanical aptitudes, but with a higher range\nof powers that are to fit the coming man or woman for a worthy\nservice in the social and political world, and in the kingdom of\nour God.\u2014_Rev. L. O. Brastow, D.D._\n\n * * * * *\n\nA GLANCE AT THE SOUTH.\u2014There is something interesting, as you go\nthrough the South at the present time, in watching the progress of\nevents. It is a region, speaking of it as a whole, that strikes\nthe Northern man with many peculiarities. One is, where is the\npopulation that made that stern resistance to the Northern arms?\nThe cities are all small; there are no villages; whence came that\nforce that withstood us so many years, and withstood us with such\nmight? And then again, you are struck with many things so different\nfrom what we find at the North. You may ride whole days and find\nvery few Southern people with whom you can have any opportunity of\nconversing. There is usually a car on the train which the colored\npeople devote to themselves, but they only ride from station to\nstation. You find but few of the white people traveling, and yet\nsince the close of the war there has been a visible growth; and I\nam a firm believer in a new South that is dawning. There is coming\nto be a gradually renewed intercourse between the people of the\nNorth and the people of the South, and step by step we shall find\nnew interests awakening and a closer linking than there has been\nfor many a year.\n\nBut one of the most interesting phases of the South, from whatever\nstand-point, is the colored population. They are a remarkable\npeople. They number six and a half millions by the last census.\nYou know that it used to be said that when slavery should take\naway its fostering care, we should find large inroads made upon\ntheir numbers, and like the Indians, they would gradually waste\nand disappear. But what is the story of the two censuses of 1870\nand 1880? The increase of the whole population of this country for\nthe past ten years has been a little over 30 per cent. Of this,\nthe white population has increased 28 per cent. and a fraction\nover, and the colored population 34 per cent. and a fraction over.\nSo that, although the white population has been benefited by the\nenormous immigration, of which we so often speak and boast, yet by\nalmost six per cent. the colored population has won in the race.\n\nI met the president of a railroad within a month, who has recently\nconstructed a long road in the South against time. I asked him,\n\u201cWith what help did you construct this road?\u201d He said, \u201cWith\ncolored men entirely.\u201d \u201cWere they satisfactory?\u201d \u201cEntirely so.\u201d\n\u201cWould they do as much work per man as the railroad laborers of the\nNorth?\u201d \u201cNot quite as much per man, but there was no danger of a\nstrike. They were cheerful, hearty and willing, and I was entirely\nsatisfied with them. I completed my road many days before the time\ngiven me, with every man in the South prophesying it was impossible\nto accomplish that result.\u201d\n\nI said to a policeman not long since in the city of Savannah, \u201cHave\nyou any colored men on your force?\u201d \u201cNot one; and if a colored man\nwere placed here, every one of us would resign.\u201d I then asked him\nabout the colored people in the South and in that city. He said,\n\u201cThey are orderly and well-behaved; we have no fault to find with\nthem.\u201d \u201cHow are they getting on in the schools?\u201d \u201cThey are beating\nour white children in the public schools.\u201d \u201cHow is that?\u201d \u201cWell,\nour people do not altogether patronize the public schools, and the\ncolored mothers take much more pains to have their children prompt\nand constant in attendance than the white mothers; and when the\nchildren of this generation come to stand up face to face ten years\nhence, we are going to be put to shame by the intelligence of many\na black boy that to-day walks our streets barefooted and ragged.\u201d\nThat is the statement of a man who said he would resign if a\ncolored man was put upon the police force of which he was a member.\n\nThere are many things about the colored people we must be patient\nwith. They are ignorant, and ignorant beyond what we realize. It is\nan ignorance which we must not be surprised at; it is an ignorance\nwhich we must be patient with. It is our duty to give them\neducation\u2014and not merely the duty of us who are here to-night, not\nmerely of this generation, but of generations to come. It is a duty\nthat is patriotic beyond what we are apt to consider. At the close\nof the war we gave to the colored population the ballot; but it has\nbeen the proud claim of New England always that back of the ballot\nmust be intelligence, and that it is not safe in a republic that\nhe who casts the vote that decides the fate of the nation shall\ncast a vote that he cannot read. Yet to-day there is that enormous\nvote of the South, a vote which the man casting it cannot read. We\nsometimes wonder that, in a state like South Carolina, where the\ncolored population is almost double the white, it is possible that\nthey should be deprived of the franchise; but you can judge how\ntimid a man is as to his rights when he cannot read his ballot nor\ncount it after it is cast. Therefore, as I say, that question must\nbe a slow one as it works itself out; but it is as citizens of this\nnation, as patriots, that we must see to it that intelligence is\nfurnished to that people at the earliest possible day, to enable\nthem to both read and count the ballots which they cast.\n\n _\u2014Henry D. Hyde, Esq._\n\n [THE COLORED MAN.\u2014Fifteen years ago Gen. O. O. Howard asked\n a colored school, \u201cWhat message will you send to the friends\n North?\u201d Richard Wright, at that time a lad of thirteen,\n responded, \u201c_Tell \u2019em we\u2019s risin\u2019 sir_.\u201d Mr. Wright has since\n graduated from Atlanta University, and for several years has\n been engaged in teaching and editing a local paper in Georgia.\n Those who heard his admirable address had abundant evidence\n that his statement has been verified in his own case, at least.\n We regret that we can give our readers so small a part of it.]\n\nYou cannot imagine how much it rejoices me to stand before those\nwho helped to shape the events whose tremendous logic forced the\ngreat patriot and philanthropist, Abraham Lincoln, to sign that\nnecessary war measure which resulted in striking the shackles from\nthe four million unfortunate human beings whom I have the honor to\nrepresent at this meeting.\n\nI come to tell you that your labors have not been in vain. The\ncolored man, whose cause you have espoused, is worthy of your\nefforts. Numerically, the colored people form about one-seventh of\nthis great nation. Their natural increase is greater, probably,\nthan that of any other branch of the American family. In the\nSouth they constitute nearly one-half of the population, and in\nthe cotton states even more. Nine-tenths of the manual or menial\nlabor of the South is done by colored men. Freedom has not made\nthem lazy, as has been stated by their enemies. Besides making\nten million more bales of cotton than during any fifteen years\nof slavery, they have, during the last fifteen years of freedom,\nacquired in the South over one hundred million dollars worth of\nproperty. That eagerness for an education which characterized them\nwhen your first missionaries were put in the field has not left\nthem. In 1878, Gen. Eaton reported as being in the public schools\nof the South 675,150 colored children, and about 100 schools\ndevoted to secondary, normal, collegiate and professional training\namong the six and a-half million colored citizens. Such, in brief,\nis the strength of a people who are to help shape the destiny of\nthis republic.\n\nIgnorance, intellectual and moral, is our main weakness, a curse\nfor which our forefathers were not responsible, but for which we,\nof the rising generation, are compelled to atone under the manacles\nof political proscription and religious and social ostracism.\n\nIt could hardly be expected that the slaveholders of the South\nwould in their straitened circumstances undertake the education of\nthose whom they had looked upon as their property taken violently\nfrom them. So the North, as it has abolished slavery, must also\nabolish ignorance.\n\nThe first need of the colored man is Christian training. The old\npreachers, fettered by slave habits and filled with superstition\nand sectarianism, will hardly be able to make their flocks much\nbetter than themselves. The colored people need spiritual advisers\nwhose lips and lives express the holy gospel they profess. There\nare in the South thousands of colored preachers, controlling large\ncongregations, too, who are unable to read correctly a single text\nfrom the book which they undertake to expound to their followers.\nThe colored people are naturally religious and nominally Christian.\nThey are ready to be led by the Christian teacher or the scheming\nRomanist, by the true patriot or the plotting demagogue. As clay\nin the hand of the potter, they can be made vessels fit for the\nMaster\u2019s kingdom, or they can be left to grow more vicious and more\ncorrupt, and thus be lost to Christianity.\n\nThe colored man needs the facilities for becoming educated. He\nhas the inclination, but not the means, to make a good and useful\ncitizen. The A. M. A. has done much, and will, I hope, do more to\narouse this whole nation to see the threatening danger that lurks\nin the ignorant masses of the South, and to feel the necessity\nof removing the danger by educating this element. The black man\nis not to blame for his hard lot, nor is he of his own accord an\nAmerican; but 250 years of toil and hardship have wedded him to\nthis soil, and here he means to stay. Docile and tractable, his\nindustry has made the Southern wilderness productive and beautiful.\nHe has produced the cotton, tobacco and cane of this country. Any\nattempt to supply his place as a laborer in the South will prove\nutterly futile. He is there a laborer, citizen and voter, part and\nparcel of the American nation, and I trust the American nation\nwill recognize him as such. The full, complete recognition of\nthe right and privilege of the colored man to be and do whatever\nany other citizen is and does, is what the republic must settle\ndown to. The question whether the colored man shall live in this\nrepublic, on terms of perfect equality, protected in the enjoyment\nof every privilege and immunity accorded to any other American,\nis a question which has postponed the progress of the South, and\nwill continue to until the nation shall have solved this problem.\nSooner or later the republic must see its solution. Like Banquo\u2019s\nghost, down at your beck or wane it will not. It will present\nitself at your churches, your theatres, your legislative councils\nand your court rooms. It is the one question that will not and\ncannot be settled until it is settled rightly. It is a question\nembracing the development of an irrepressible race, one that cannot\nbe starved out, driven out or killed out. When the people of the\nSouth, together with the people of the North, shall approach\nthis subject, under the guidance of intelligent reason and an\nenlightened conscience, they will see that the true way to solve\nthis vexing question is to educate the colored man and treat him\nas a citizen. But, aided or unaided, helped or hindered, the negro\nwill have an influence in the government of this country, and there\nis now no power in the arm of the American people to keep him down.\nHe will rise to help make this republic the grandest and noblest\nthat has ever dotted the face of this globe, or he will sleep on\na common burying-ground with his white oppressors, amid the ruins\nand ashes of this republic. Inseparably united with the fate and\nfortune of America, the words of the Hebrew maiden to Naomi express\nhis adhesion to the white man. \u201cWhither thou goest, I will go; and\nwhere thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall be my people,\nand thy God my God; where thou diest I will die, and there will I\nbe buried.\u201d\u2014_Richard Wright, Esq._\n\n * * * * *\n\nAFRICA AND THE AFRICANS.\u2014Mr. President: Africa and the Africans is\nthe subject assigned me. But before entering upon it directly, it\nis fitting, perhaps, that I should say that for the last six and\na half years I have been in Great Britain as the Secretary of the\nFreedmen\u2019s Missions Aid Society, of which the Earl of Shaftesbury\nis President and Lord Kinnaird is Treasurer. The British people\nhave been largely interested in aiding the American Missionary\nAssociation in preparing and sending out to Africa colored\nteachers, missionaries and general helpers for that great work\nso wonderfully opened up in that dark land. And it is well known\nthat the Jubilee Singers, who went through Great Britain under\nthe patronage of the Freedmen\u2019s Aid Society, or we may say its\nPresident, the noble Earl of Shaftesbury, received very generous\naid for Fisk University from our British friends. They have also\naided liberally in the support of colored missionaries at the Mendi\nMission on the West Coast of Africa. But latterly they have become\ngreatly interested in the Arthington Mission, projected for the\nUpper Nile valley, toward which field two white missionaries have\ngone forth, Rev. H. M. Ladd, and Dr. Snow, of Western New York. For\nthis mission, Robert Arthington, Esq., of Leeds, England, has given\n$15,000; others in Great Britain have given $15,000 more; so we\nhave $30,000 of the $50,000 needed for the mission from our British\nfriends. One London gentleman, after hearing a statement of the\ncase in Scotland, sent for the speaker and gave him $5,000, as he\nsaid, instead of a legacy. Note that. A young man, who is a butler\nin a gentleman\u2019s family, sent at another time $50. When asked if\nthat was not too much for him he said, \u201cI gave \u00a310 a little ago,\nto help a friend out of a difficulty, and I can give \u00a310 for the\ngood of a vast continent.\u201d A good woman, who had been a governess\nfor some years, also handed to the Secretary \u00a310 for herself, and\nher sister gave \u00a310 more; and they agreed to give together \u00a315\n($75) a year right on for colored missionaries for Africa. These\nwere deeds of self-sacrifice. Are there not generous young men,\nand older men, and noble women in America, who will do as well for\nthat dark continent, which our ancestors so cruelly plundered? We\nneed, _we must have_ $20,000 more, very soon, for that Arthington\nMission. We want a steamer on the Upper Nile waters also. We must\nbesides have a steamer, the John Brown memorial steamer, for the\nMendi Mission on the West Coast at once. In that country there are\nno roads, there are no beasts of burden. Human beings have to be\nthe carriers of all burdens for hundreds of miles. And our dear\nmissionaries have fallen, many of them, in early death, in those\nperilous journeys through swamp and jungle, on their errands of\nlove to the poor suffering millions of Africa. We cannot believe\nthat their friends and our friends will hesitate and delay their\ngiving for this steamer for the increase of good and the saving of\nprecious lives.\n\nIf we recall the abuse and the needs of Africa, we can but see and\nfeel our duty and privilege in this connection. Africa has been\nfor five hundred years the hunting-ground for the bondmen of the\nwhole world, and to this day the slave trade covers an area nearly\nequal to all Europe, in Northern, Central and Southern Africa.\nThis accursed trade is to the East, and mainly to the Mohammedan\ncountries; and it is said that from some of the Eastern ports a\ntraveler may wend his way, without a guide, into the very heart of\nAfrica, by following the line of human bones and the skin-covered\nskeletons of the poor slave victims who have fallen in that\nterrible march to the sea. And that this crime should have been\npermitted by the Christian nations down to the closing part of this\n19th century is an astounding fact! And it ought not to need an\nargument to show any man that a people who still demand slaves, and\nbuy human beings therefor, ought to be hounded out of the very pale\nof the civilized nations; for it is generally known that for every\nslave delivered in any country, four and often six human beings\nhave fallen in death in the attempts to capture them, or in the\ncruel journey to their doom. And this trade will never be stopped\ntill the better nations learn to treat the demand for slaves as a\nhuge crime, as well as the act of supply. To meet and combat this\ncrime boldly and persistently in both demand and supply is the call\nof God to the Christian nations out on the morning and the midnight\nair.\n\nNow we may do both. Africa is open to us, and travelers are\npenetrating her vast territories; the steamer\u2019s screw and\npaddle-wheels of reform are stirring her waters and also the\nthought of her people; commerce is tapping her mines of wealth;\ngeographers are correcting her maps; scientists are studying her\nvarious climates and testing her remedial agents. Christianity,\nof which it was said in a meeting of the International Society\nfor Africa, made up of distinguished travelers, learned and\nscientific men, \u201cHistory shows that Christianity has special\nvirtue for rescuing savage races from barbarism, causing\nthem rapidly to over-step the first barriers in the way of\ncivilization\u201d\u2014Christianity, we say, is now challenging Paganism,\nthe Moslem curse, and the accursed slave trade, on that long\nplundered continent of Africa. And now we have a potent factor\nfor the work not available a little ago. We have more than six\nmillions of Africa\u2019s sable children, from which people we may\nselect educated Christian young men and women for the great work\ngiven us to do. And these are the people for Africa. They can live\nin hot climates; they are by blood relations and common sufferings\nin sympathy with the people to be reached and saved; they can touch\nthe heart, stir the thought and lift up their own race as no other\npeople can ever do it.\n\nFor this they are developing a peculiar type of piety on a grander\nscale than we have yet seen among the Anglo-Saxon race. The Pauline\nwe have had\u2014the intellect and conscience carried by an intense\nconviction of duty, so that the man would go to the stake for\nhis principles. But the loving, trustful type of piety belongs\nto these sable children of the sunnier and more genial climes.\nShall we, then, know our day and dare to take our opportunity\nwith these ex-slaves for the redemption of Africa from ignorance,\nsuperstition, slavery, war and woe? We want the John Brown mission\nsteamer. We want, we must have, in addition to all the generous\nand noble gifts for our Southern work, the sum of $20,000, already\npledged by the committee of the A. M. A., for the Arthington\nMission in the Upper Nile valley, frightfully ravaged by the\nvillainous slave trade to this very day!\n\nWho, then, of all God\u2019s dear people, _will rally to this standard,\nand come at the call of the Divine King to this momentous work,\nwith hand and heart and money, to take possession of that vast\ncontinent of Africa, with its 200,000,000 of people, for Christ,\nand for the good of all nations_?\u2014_Rev. O. H. White, D.D., Sec. F.\nM. A. Soc., London, Eng._\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nTHE FREEDMEN.\n\nREV. JOSEPH E. ROY, D.D., FIELD SUPERINTENDENT, ATLANTA, GA.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL WORK.\n\nYour Committee upon the educational work of this Association would\ncongratulate its friends upon the great prosperity which has marked\nthe past year, and which gives such rich promise for the years to\ncome.\n\nWe find as causes for thankfulness:\n\n1st. The permanent improvements to our various educational\ninstitutions in new and better buildings and increased endowments.\n\n2d. The growing appreciation by the colored people of these\neducational privileges.\n\n3d. The increasing confidence and sympathy of the Southern whites\nin the education of the Freedmen, and in the schools founded for\nthem by the North, as shown by the words and deeds of prominent\nindividuals and the articles in leading journals.\n\n4th. And lastly, we are devoutly thankful that the Holy Spirit has\nbeen so manifestly present in the labors of the year, and that\nrevivals of religion have given evidence of God\u2019s favor on the\nwork, and promise of men and women for the great missionary work\nlying before the American Freedmen.\n\nYour Committee feel constrained to urge the importance of the\nfollowing measure:\n\n1st. This Association should concentrate its efforts upon its work\nin the States, among the negro, the Indian and the Chinese, as\noffering its distinctive missionary field.\n\n2d. The friends of the Association should redouble their efforts\nto put its schools upon a permanent endowed basis, and thoroughly\nequip them for giving a high Christian education to the Freedmen.\n\n3d. In view of the vast educational structure to be built from the\nvery foundations, the pressing importance of immediate education\nfor millions of illiterate children, the poverty of the South, and\nthe insufficiency of benevolent contributions from the North, the\nNational Government should be urged to immediately inaugurate some\nadditional and more adequate system of national aid.\n\n C. T. COLLINS, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nADDRESS OF REV. C. T. COLLINS.\n\nOn the staircase of the Berlin Museum, the great artist Kaulbach\nhas represented the intensity of the battle of the Huns by\npicturing the spirits of the dead warriors rising up in a cloud\nabove that battle-field and prolonging the contest in a spiritual\nwar. It seems to me a type of all great moral strifes. After the\nroar of the cannon has died away, and the dead have been laid in\ntheir graves, the spirits and the principles involved in the battle\ngrapple with one another for victory.\n\nFor four long years North and South met in the crash of material\nstrife, and now, for sixteen years, Northern principles and\nSouthern principles have been meeting in a death grapple, and the\nvictory will not be won until Northern principles conquer. For four\nyears North and South met in the crash of battle, setting four\nmillion slaves free from chattel bondage, and for sixteen years\nNorth and South have met in the silent strife of spiritual warfare,\nto set what are now over six millions free from the grosser bondage\nof ignorance. When, in 1865, four and a half million Freedmen\nknocked at the school-house of the South for admittance, you are\nmost of you aware of the prejudice and opposition that met them;\nbut are you aware what the school-house was at which they knocked?\nThe South never had provided an education for the masses. Its\ntheory was to educate the higher classes and leave the masses\nalone, even those of the whites. It never had an adequate school\nsystem before the war. North Carolina was the only state in the\nConfederacy that kept up anything like public schools during\nthe war, and at its close her permanent school fund of nearly\n$3,000,000 was lost.\n\nAfter sixteen years\u2019 replenishment, the entire school property\nof the eight Southern States, reported by the Commissioner of\nEducation in his last report in 1879\u2014the value of the sites,\nbuildings and all other school property\u2014does not amount to much\nover seven millions, or, leaving Kentucky out, much over five\nmillions. Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas and Georgia, which\ndo not report, are poor in school property. Leaving Kentucky and\nWest Virginia out, with their four millions, in all the States\nsouth of them there are probably not to-day $7,000,000 of school\nproperty. New York, with her $30,000,000, has four times as much\nas all this South. Your Massachusetts, although it does not fully\nreport, has doubtless the same multiple; and eight states of the\nNorth have each more school property to-day than all the school\nproperty of this South.\n\nMoreover, these poorly equipped states, indifferent to the\neducation of the poor whites, and prejudiced against the education\nof the poor blacks, were awfully, bitterly poor. In 1870, after\nrecovering from the worst shock of the war, there was nearly $1,500\nin Massachusetts for every man, but there was in Alabama, Georgia\nand North Carolina only a little over $200 for every man. Do you\nrealize that $2,000,000,000 had been put into Confederate bonds to\nsupport that war, and that it was all gone? What would have been\nthe state of the North if our public debt had been repudiated?\nAnd besides that, everything was in ruin, industries prostrated,\nsociety convulsed, and this poor stricken country had to lift\nup the debt of the Union as well as the North itself. We said\nbitterly, \u201cThey do not educate.\u201d We said angrily, \u201cThey _won\u2019t_\neducate;\u201d and, brethren, we ought to have said charitably, \u201cAlas,\nO God, they _can\u2019t_ educate!\u201d Such, briefly, was the condition\nsixteen years ago. Now what has been done? Northern aid leaped\nto the rescue, as you well know. Millions have been given. That\nblack form, lying blinded by ignorance at our feet, was bent over\nby patient, tender Christian sympathy, and the cataract lifted\nfrom his eyes with a golden, jeweled knife. Why, I look at the car\nof educational progress in the South, and under it I see 50,000\nglittering wheels, on which it is rolling on, and those wheels\nare each one of them a ten dollar gold piece given last year by\nthe North. There was, in the last report of the Commissioner of\nEducation, 129 schools of higher education for colored youth and\nover 14,000 scholars in them; and almost without exception each of\nthese schools has against it a name indicative that it sprung up\nout of Northern Christian benevolence. This is only a part of what\nthe North has done.\n\nBut, friends, we hear a great deal about this and we hear very\nlittle of what the South has done. Twenty years ago it was the law\nof the land that the negro should not be educated; and now in every\nstate in the South it is the constitutional law that he shall be\neducated; and furthermore, the commissioners of these states say\nthey will devote every energy within them to carry out this law.\n\nKentucky (shame on her!) and Delaware (shame on her!) give to the\nnegro what he pays in taxes, and they are pretty far North; all the\nrest of the South give of the school fund _per capita_ to the negro\nand to the white; and the constitutions of the states which enjoin\nthis have been endorsed since the war by conventions in which\nthe majority were white and originally secessionists. Oh yes! we\nNortherners gave, I know, $500,000 last year to educate the negro;\nSouthern tax payers gave over $4,000,000 to educate him. I am\ncomparing not the spirit in giving, but the amounts actually given.\nIn our 129 schools we have 14,000 scholars. In the 14,000 colored\npublic schools of the South there are nearly 700,000 scholars.\n\nBut that is not all. In sixteen years, Northern principle has\nconquered this and it has conquered Southern approval as well. I\nknow the great bulk do not feel as Orr feels, the Commissioner of\nGeorgia; as Brown feels, Senator and ex-Governor of Georgia; as\nCurry feels, administrator of the Peabody fund and ex-Senator of\nthe Confederate Congress; as, above all, Haygood feels. I wish\nevery man in this house would read \u201cOur Brother in Black,\u201d by\nPresident Haygood, of Emory College, Oxford, Ga., and so learn the\ntrue situation. I have been told, since that book was written,\nthat that man went into a colored school in his native place,\nand leaning on his cane, wept tears during all the examinations,\nand, rising up, in a trembling voice begged pardon of the colored\nteacher and the colored scholars because he had misunderstood and\nopposed a movement so Christian. Ah, friends, let us recognize it\nto-day. The South is waking up. These are exceptions; they are\nleaders. But the great masses follow on. There are hundreds of\nthousands of white Christians in the South who love Christ as you\nand I do. They have the Bible; they have the Holy Spirit; they\nhave missionary societies. President Haygood says it is absurd,\nand I say it is impossible, that a man who believes in sending\nmissionaries to Africa should prolong opposition to missionaries\nfor the Freedmen. He says truly that the battle never will be won\nuntil Southern white women sit before dusky faces and teach such\nscholars how to read. A school surrounded by a hostile community is\na fortress and not a school, and crippled in all its usefulness.\n\nUnder the crape-hung flag of the Union, mourning the loss of a\nNorthern President who set slaves free before the Emancipation\nProclamation declared them free, and with his sword helped cut\ndown the Southern cause, ex-Confederate generals have cried out of\nthe South to the North, \u201cHe is _our_ President!\u201d O, let us cease\nthe old war cry of \u201965; let us wipe out of all our reports and\npapers, as an Association, everything calculated to excite the old\nanimosities, and cry back in a spirit of full fraternal charity,\n\u201cOur brethren, by that sign of sorrow.\u201d\n\nNow in view of this work and spirit of the South, what must be\ndone? We, as an Association, must redouble our efforts. There is\nevery reason to help the South trying to help itself. There is\nonly one scholar, in every colored school, supported by the North,\nand suppose every single one graduates, to supply one teacher\nfor every public colored school in the South. Think of it! And\nthat leaves out of calculation one and one half million of church\nmembers pleading for preachers. According to the last report of the\nCommissioner of Education, the North gave to the higher schools\nof education at the South in 1879 less than $500,000. It gave to\nthe same schools in the North, benevolently, charitably, about\n$5,000,000. We hear much about $50,000 given to Berea College.\nWe hear little about $500,000 to the college in Cleveland.\nOne-fortieth of all negroes in the world are in the United States;\none-fifteenth are in North and South America.\n\nBut I will leave others to speak of that, and pass in closing to\nspeak of what our National Government must do now. Millions of\ndollars are needed to do it. No agency but the central Government\ncan or should meet this need. It cannot be done by Northern\nbenevolence; that is inadequate, utterly inadequate. The North\nwould only pauperize the South, if it could and did do it. It\ncannot be done by the Southern states. These Southern states\n(leaving out Maryland, Missouri, Delaware and District of Columbia)\ncontributed in 1879 to public school education only eight and a\nhalf millions. Of the North, Illinois gave eight, Ohio seven,\nPennsylvania eight, New York ten millions to their public schools.\nThis contribution of the South seems and is very niggardly, but it\nis a question how much increase we can expect. The South is loaded\ndown with poverty, debts and heavy taxes. The other day a prominent\nplatform speaker made a comparison between Arkansas and Kansas\nin order to illustrate the inferiority of Southern education. He\nsaid that in 1877 Kansas sent 87 per cent of her children to the\nschools, and Arkansas 8 per cent. Kansas raised $5.65 for each\nscholar, and Arkansas raised 50 cents. Then he went on to say that\nKansas and Arkansas were in about the same financial condition.\nI looked that up this morning, and I found that Arkansas had a\ndebt of five millions, and Kansas had a debt of one million; that\nArkansas had $87,000,000 taxable property with which to pay her\ndebt of five millions, while Kansas had $160,000,000 to pay her\ndebt of one million; and that Arkansas was paying a state tax of 65\ncents on every hundred, and Kansas was paying 55 cents.\n\nNow we must remember that the South is bitterly taxed, awfully\nin debt, and very poor. I will read one more statistic and stop.\nLouisiana has 330,930 school children (those who ought to be);\nMassachusetts, 303,836. The school income in Louisiana is $613,453;\nin Massachusetts, $4,399,801. The value of school property in\nLouisiana is $700,000; in Massachusetts you cannot estimate it;\nit is not estimated. You say Louisiana is not doing anything for\nher children as compared with Massachusetts. True; but carry the\ncomparison farther. The whole taxable property of Louisiana is not\n$150,000,000; and the whole taxable property of Massachusetts is\n$1,500,000,000. The debt of Louisiana is about $16,000,000; your\ndebt, deducting the sinking fund, is $21,000,000. The amount raised\nby taxes in Louisiana is half that raised in Massachusetts. You pay\n3\u00bd cents state tax on every $100, and Louisiana pays 60 cents.\nHave you, paying 3\u00bd cents, the face to ask her to increase her 60\ncents, when this evil at the South springs out of a national sin\nand involves a national peril? Not one million of the Southern\npopulation are in cities. The problem is one of educational\nfacilities in poor sparsely settled agricultural districts. The\nSouth unquestionably needs a different spirit in educational\nmatters; but even with the best spirit, it needs national aid.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nADDRESS OF REV. J. R. THURSTON.\n\nMR. PRESIDENT AND FRIENDS: We have six and a quarter millions\nof Freedmen at the South and three-quarters of a million at the\nNorth. They belong to a strong and prolific race that does not\nwaste at the contact of civilization, neither does it waste under\noppression. They numbered but four millions in 1860, and have\nincreased 55 per cent. in the past twenty years. Since 1870, if the\nstatistics are correct, they have increased 33 per cent. If this\nrate of increase goes on at 55 per cent. for twenty years, in 1900,\nwhich many of us expect to see, they will be nearly ten millions;\nand if the increase of the last ten years continues, they will be\nmore than eleven millions.\n\nIt becomes, then, a matter of exceeding moment for us, as a nation,\nto consider their condition and their future. Several things are at\nleast now clear: that for a long series of generations they are to\nremain a distinct people. They will not amalgamate so much at the\nSouth, Dr. Haygood and others say, as they did before the war. The\nother elements that come to us from abroad\u2014the German, the Celtic\nand all\u2014we expect soon to be lost, and they will not retain their\nindividuality; but this race will for generations remain a distinct\ncolored race; so that it becomes a problem of peculiar difficulty\nto deal with them. We may think we are strong enough to throw them\noff. We cannot. God Almighty is on their side, and with the welfare\nof these growing millions our welfare is interlocked.\n\nAgain, they will remain, too, doubtless, at the South. We thought\nthat they might scatter over the North. The failure of the\nmigration to the North last year does not favor that theory. What\nis to bring them up to a Christian civilization? We all say at once\na Christian education.\n\nThere are 700,000 in their common schools. I will simply give the\noutlines as to the higher schools. Of higher schools there are\n45, scattered in different parts of the South; 42 normal schools,\nfour of them state institutions, the rest under the auspices\nof religious organizations like this. There are 21 colleges, 21\nschools of theology, four of medicine and three of law. That\nsounds well; but it would be wise to ask what these colleges are,\nscattered over the South. I asked an officer of one of these\ninstitutions this afternoon, \u201cIs Talladega a college? It was\nreferred to as such, but was not reported by the Commissioner\nof Education in 1879 as a college.\u201d \u201cO yes, it is a chartered\ninstitution, and soon they expect to have a college curriculum.\u201d\nMany of these 21 colleges at the South are much in the same\ncondition. They are high and normal schools, with possibly a\ntheological school, which, however, is not as high as a college\nclass.\n\nNow the question is, what are we to do with them?\u2014what are we\nexpecting to accomplish by them? Several things are manifest.\nFirst, that this higher education at the South is to be dependent\nupon benevolence for its continuance and success. Nor is this any\nexception to the case of higher education at the North. We little\nrealize that all our colleges have been founded by benevolent men,\nand have been continued in their endowments by benevolent men. We\nlittle realize that our young men who attend our colleges do not\npay for their education, in many cases not one-half of the expense\nof it. Secondly, it is manifest that this work must be very largely\na denominational work. Now this morning we had a presentation of\nwhat it would be well for us to have at the South\u2014denominational\nunity. That cannot be. Men will not work upon any principle of\nthat kind. If ever there was a time when we might say we had a\nclean slate, we had that time when we began our work. All united\nin support of this Association; but very soon we found our Baptist\nfriends, our Methodist friends, our Presbyterian friends and our\nEpiscopal friends withdrawing. Nor could we complain. The Baptists\nhad thousands of colored people in their churches there and the\nMethodists had hundreds. To-day the Baptists report 800,000 in\ntheir colored churches, and the Methodists report 412,000. These\ncolored churches said to them, \u201cYou must educate ministers for\nus;\u201d and hence they have established their schools and higher\nschools. The Presbyterians had churches among the whites, and those\nchurches, waking up, said, \u201cYou must help us in our work for the\ncolored people;\u201d and so they went into the work.\n\nAgain, the question is asked, why so many of these higher\neducational institutions?\u2014why so many colleges?\u2014why need of\nanything higher than the normal and high school? And this question\nis asked by people who have given largely for this work and who\nlove it. Now what is the object\u2014to educate all the colored people\nin colleges? No; but to educate those who have a desire for it and\na profound capacity for it. We have graduated probably less than\nfive hundred from all the colleges at the South so far, so there\nisn\u2019t much danger of an over-supply at present of teachers and\npreachers. But isn\u2019t there need of a revision of our idea of this\nwhole matter of what the negro is to be? Let us not make at present\nan ideal, but ask rather what we can do for and with the negro; and\nas we do this, let us remember what material we have to work with,\nand how he has been educated by two hundred years of slavery.\n\nIn the first place, where did he come from? Not from Northern\nAfrica; not from Southern Africa; but from the negro belt of Africa\nwhere is found the most degraded condition of the human race on the\nface of the globe.\n\nHe has been educated two hundred years in slavery, and not without\ninfluence upon his mental make-up. The day that the first colored\nregiment went from Boston in the war to the front, there was a\nconvention of anti-slavery friends in Music Hall. There had been\nvery severe criticism upon our Gov. Andrews because he had not put\nmore black officers in that regiment. As Frederick Douglass was\nabout leaving the hall, they called him back. He stood with his\ncrumpled hat and leaned upon a chair, and talked more sense in five\nminutes than his white brethren had in all those hours. He said:\n\u201cGentlemen, I have as much interest in that regiment as any one\nhere, for I have two sons in it; but I am glad that Gov. Andrews\nhas not put more black officers into it. Here you have educated\nus for two hundred years for the position of servants. You have\ntaught us that we could not guide our own steps, much less rule\nour fellow-men. You have wrought into the very fibre of our being\na servile spirit, so that we are not fit for rule. All I ask is\nthat when a man proves his capacity to rule, then he shall have an\nopportunity.\u201d\n\nNow, I say, in reference to the negro, let us see what we can do\nwith him without reference to an ideal. Let us not only remove\nhis restrictions, so that he can rise all that his upward force\nwill impel him to rise, but put into him the mighty forces of a\nChristian education for forty or fifty years\u2014several generations,\nin fact\u2014and then see what we can make of the negro.\n\nEspecially do we need this higher education in order that we may\ntrain preachers. We do not want to send a man with an imperfect\neducation as a missionary to Africa. Why should we send to\ntheir black brethren in this country men imperfectly educated\nas preachers to them? They, surrounded as they are by all the\nstimulating influences of our modern civilization, need all of\nthis higher education which we can possibly induce them to take\non. Doing this for a series of years, we may at last realize\nthe triumph of Christianity among them. The greatest problem of\nChristianity which our generation sees is the question how these\ntwo races, so linked together, shall treat each other; but I\nbelieve that the time is to come when we shall see them living\ntogether in perfect harmony; when we shall see the blacks supplying\ntheir peculiar elements to a higher civilization, and we, the white\nrace, shall have risen to a position exercising a true Christian\nspirit, which, without the negro linked with us, we never shall\nfind; and then shall we see the triumph of Christianity dealing\nwith this now dark problem, but then showing the glory of a grand\nsuccess.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nCHRISTIAN EDUCATION.\n\nPROF. CYRUS NORTHROP.\n\nGreat battles sometimes settle the fate of a country, and transfer\nin a day whole provinces from one dominion to another. There are\nno such decisive battles in the struggle for the intellectual\nand moral elevation of man. By no stroke of policy and by no\ncombination of forces can you revolutionize the individual\ncharacter of a whole people at once. It happens occasionally,\nhowever, in the contest between good and evil, that some convulsion\noccurs which in its influence on the mental and moral condition\nof a whole people is hardly less decisive than those political\ncontests by which provinces are transferred from the control of one\nnation to that of another. Such a convulsion was our late civil\nwar. It left the States where it found them, parts of the Union.\nIt left all races morally and intellectually where it found them.\nBut for the colored people of the South it had swept away in every\ndirection, from zenith to horizon, the impenetrable clouds of more\nthan Egyptian darkness which had brooded over them, and it had made\nit possible for the light of the sun to reach even these slaves.\nThen, indeed, the people which sat in darkness saw a great light,\nand to them which sat in the region and shadow of death, to them\ndid light spring up.\n\nThe civil war made it possible for us to educate and Christianize\nthe colored race at the South. It remained for us to take up the\nburden which the providence of God had laid upon us, and to do what\nwe could to lift up these people to our level of civilization.\n\nBut need this education be _Christian_ education? I answer\nemphatically, yes. The world undoubtedly is making great progress\nin thought, in discovery, in invention. More and more the dominion\nof nature is being conquered and her methods understood. Education\nis not the same as it was a century ago. Even religion is not to us\nquite the same that it was to our fathers. But whatever discoveries\nmay be made or whatever progress attained, there are some things\nwhich the world can never advance so far as to be able to do\nwithout, and I but voice the sentiment of this audience when I say\nthat one of these is Christianity.\n\nAnd now who are these that in our Southern States are stretching\nforth their hands and begging us to come over and help them? They\nare those whose minds and hearts are not pre-occupied, but like\nthose of children, receptive, ready for the seed which may be\nsown, and promising, if good seed is sown, a bountiful harvest at\nno distant day. They are placed, in the providence of God, at our\nvery door, and are made a part of the governing force of this great\nrepublic. For them Christian education cannot be secured through\nthe family, for there is little Christian family life; the father\nand the mother are as ignorant as the child; all are children. It\ncannot be secured through the State, for the State has no business\nto teach religion as these millions need to have it taught. It\ncan be secured only through organized charity\u2014by the help of such\nagencies as the American Missionary Association. What the fathers\nand mothers of New England have done for the Christian education of\ntheir children, the American Missionary Association must do for the\nSouth.\n\nI have emphasized the word Christian as I have spoken of Christian\neducation. Let me not in any less degree emphasize _education_.\nMatthew Arnold is not far wrong when he says that the object of\nreligion is conduct, and that conduct is three-fourths of life. It\nis simply doing what we ought. But one of the things which a man\nought to do is to make the most of himself as a power for good in\nthe world, and that he cannot do without education. Man, without\neducation, is a clumsy machine. The educated man is force which\ndrives machines. This force, if uncontrolled, becomes destructive.\nThe educated man, without principles, is more dangerous than the\nuneducated. The latter may become at the worst a brute; it takes\nthe former to be a demon. But we do not on this account think less\nof education; we only insist that the force it generates shall be\ncontrolled by Christian principle. Thus controlled it is always\nbeneficent, like fire and water and air, which, nevertheless, when\nuncontrolled, may become agents of the most fearful destruction.\n\nThe necessity for Christian education at the South may be looked\nat and clearly seen from two different points of view. To the\nChristian, these millions of the South are human beings, for whom\nChrist died and to whom He has commanded us to carry the Gospel.\nProperly developed, intellectually, morally and spiritually, they\nwill be a part of the Kingdom of God, and will become powerfully\ninfluential in establishing that kingdom throughout the world. They\nare accessible, eager for knowledge, ready to accept the truths\nof Christianity, peculiarly impressible, lacking stability only\nbecause undeveloped, and they offer to us an assured hope of a more\ncomplete, immediate and glorious harvest than seems likely to be\ngathered in any other part of the world. Nowhere else on the round\nglobe will your money or your efforts bring such returns as they\nwill at the South. You have not to contend with an impregnable\nhostile faith, as among the Mohammedans or Buddhists. You have\nonly to lift the clouds of ignorance, and to overcome the natural\ndepravity of man\u2014a depravity greater, perhaps, than in some other\nplaces, but on that very account more easily recognized, felt and\nrepented of.\n\nNor can the necessity for Christian education at the South appear\nless imperative to the patriot. There is no element so dangerous to\nthe stability of the republic as ignorance and its associated lack\nof principle. It is by votes that rulers are elected, laws made and\nthe country governed. Just so long as we have a large element of\nignorance in the republic, whose votes can be bought at the caucus\nor at the polls, will the most unscrupulous men rise to prominence\nin our politics, for they are the only men who will utilize this\nignorance.\n\nAnd now what of the future? We have tried all sorts of\nreconstruction measures with the South and all kinds of policies\nwith the South, and all have proved in a greater or less degree\nfailures. They stand as monuments of our lack of the keenest\nforesight. The best reconstruction measure which we can now adopt\nis to fill the treasury of the American Missionary Association full\nto overflowing, that it may carry forward at once and triumphantly\nthis work of Christian education in the South. What it has done is\nsufficient assurance of what it will do, if the means are placed in\nits hands. It cannot establish throughout the South a common school\nsystem like that which blesses the North; it cannot carry education\nto every cabin in the South, nor open college halls, free of\nexpense, to all who may desire a liberal education; but it can and\nwill qualify large numbers of these people to carry education and\nChristianity to the rest; and that, after all, is the best thing\npossible, for no lesson is more needed by these people than that of\nself-reliance. Teach them to take care of themselves in the best\nway, and we shall have done for them the best that is possible. The\nday will not be far distant, then, when the common schools of the\nSouth will provide education for the white and the black alike as\nat the North, and when the church of God in the South shall hear\nthe voice of God saying, \u201cAll souls are mine. Take heed that ye\ndespise not one of these little ones.\u201d\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nHIGHER EDUCATION.\n\nPRES. E. A. WARE.\n\nThis paper, recognizing the importance of normal and industrial\neducation, claims for higher education simply the place accorded\nto it in other sections in the educational system for the South.\nIts right to that place is widely questioned. The _Journal\nof Education_ recently had the following: \u201cIn spite of the\nyouthfulness of colored education, some of their schools are graced\nwith a reprint of a Northern College curriculum. What nine-tenths\nof the pupils in these classes want of Latin and Greek, fails of\nour comprehension.\u201d We are constantly hearing about \u201ceducating them\nout of their place.\u201d It will hardly be claimed that the colored man\n_cannot_ be educated, when several have graduated with honor from\nNorthern colleges; when one has passed the fiery ordeal of West\nPoint; when one, below the middle of a class of six in a Southern\nschool, graduated above the middle of a class of thirty at Andover\nSeminary; and when a Southern examining board say: \u201cWe were\nimpressed with the fact that the colored people, whether of pure\nor mixed blood, can receive the education usually given in such\nschools.\u201d\n\nPerhaps the frequent remark about \u201ctheir place\u201d means that they\nought not to be educated. Now and then we see what might have been\na good barber spoiled by the attempt to make him a minister, and a\nhasty generalization leads many to say: \u201c_They_, instead of _he_,\nought not to be educated.\u201d Allowing for this folly, this talk about\n\u201ctheir place\u201d raises several questions. Who determines and assigns\nthe place for six millions of American citizens? Who will keep them\nin their assigned places? Are our Declaration of Independence and\nConstitution \u201cglittering generalities?\u201d Are the life and teachings\nof Christ a vain thing? Pres. Woolsey thanked God for the war to\nrid us of slavery before it had so sapped the virtue of the whole\npeople that we should not be worth saving. Surely He sent it none\ntoo soon. How few are color-blind; how many are color-blinded!\n\nHigher education is needed because time is required for the\nmental, and especially the moral, development and furnishing of\npupils, who neither inherit nor receive from home and church\nsuch furnishing. It is needed to continue the work to which it\nhas already contributed so much, of the adjustment of the former\nowner and property to their new relations of brother and man, of\nfellow-citizens. The owner could not see the citizen till the man\nwas developed. He needs higher education that he may take some\npart, other than with pick and shovel in, and may have his share\nof, the rich benefits of the development of the vast resources of\nthe South. Again, it is often asked, \u201cWould it not be well for the\nnegro to keep out of politics?\u201d Would it not be well for Niagara to\nrun up-hill? He has the ballot, and the duty presses not simply to\nfit him to read it, but to furnish leaders who will teach him the\nsacredness of that ballot; who will teach him that the interests\nof labor and capital are one; the duty of debt paying, personal,\nstate and national; the sacredness of law and the duty to obey it;\nthat the United States is a nation and not a confederacy. The law\nand medicine should be open to him. The need of thoroughly educated\nphysicians for these people can hardly be overestimated, and is\nsecond only, if indeed it be second, to the need of ministers.\nHigher education should be open to him, that here, if nowhere else,\nhe may feel that he is like other people; that there may be one\ndoor that is not forever shut in his face with the words, \u201cThis is\nfor white folks.\u201d\n\nFinally, an educated ministry is needed. Pres. Gillman says: \u201cThere\nis no greater curse to a community than an ignorant ministry.\u201d Dr.\nHaygood, in \u201cOur Brother in Black,\u201d says: \u201cThe hope of their race\nin this country is largely in its pulpit. How urgent the need,\nhow sacred the duty, of preparing those whom God has called to\npreach to this people!\u201d The few ministers who have received partial\ntraining, and others who are making heroic efforts at self-culture\nthat they may aid their people, are worthy of all praise; but\ntheir number is pitifully small, serving by their light to make\nthe surrounding darkness visible and to show the need of the best\ntraining. This is needed to remove the mass of crude notions and\nsuperstitions that almost hide the truth. It is often harder to\nbring a benighted Christian than a heathen to the light. It is\nneeded to remove the bitter sectarianism which usurps the place\nof the Gospel. This feeding upon ignorance can only be removed\nby those whose minds and hearts, broadened by generous culture,\nhold the great common truths of Christianity superior to the petty\ndifferences of sects. It is needed to ward off skepticism, which\nis to be feared from two sources: the memory of the injuries of\ncenturies, and the continued experience of many evils, even at\nthe hands of professed Christians; and, second, the revelation,\nas they grow in knowledge, of the emptiness of what is preached\nas religion and the ignorance and ofttimes wickedness of their\nministers leading them to loss of respect, to ridicule and to\nunbelief. There is abundant testimony to the growth of these evils.\n\nWhat machinery is needed? In the towns, the three months\u2019 free\nschool should be so supplemented as to continue nine months. In\nthe larger towns and cities there should be high and preparatory\nschools, with normal classes. At convenient points should be\nboarding schools, with preparatory, normal and industrial\ninstruction. Then, supported and fed by, and inspiring all below,\nshould be the college, the school of higher education. Justice to\na race long oppressed, obligation to meet more than half way those\nstates that make generous appropriations to this end, and safety\nto the nation, demand that these should be liberally furnished\nwith such buildings and grounds as health and comfort require,\nwith libraries and apparatus equal to the best, and an efficient\ncorps of teachers, so paid that their best energies may be given to\ninstruction.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH WORK.\n\nYour Committee on that part of the General Survey referring to\nChurch work, report that they consider it most encouraging and\ninspiring. Seventy-eight churches formed; 5,472 members admitted;\n8,130 scholars in Sabbath-schools! But the great question is, have\nwe a spirit of power and development in all these organizations?\nfor if they are dead they are worthless. Significant facts give us\nthe answer. Five churches were added the past year; five hundred\nand eleven members were added to the churches; one thousand eight\nhundred scholars to the Sabbath-school; seven church buildings\nerected, or in the process of erection\u2014one the gift of Mr. Gregory\n(upon whom be peace)\u2014two parsonages and two President\u2019s houses.\nOne-third of these churches have had revivals indicating future\nenlargement. There are seven State Conferences; Woman\u2019s Home\nMissionary Societies in active work; Sabbath-school Conventions;\nfemale missionaries sent forth into the houses of the poor, eleven\ncommissioned the past year, and a revolutionized public sentiment\nset in so that Southern governors, generals, editors, have\ngenerously recognized the value of the work.\n\nNow it has sometimes been questioned whether a Congregational\norganization, working on thoroughly Congregational principles,\ncould so well plant the Christian church among an ignorant,\ndegraded people, needing guidance, oversight, care, government.\nBut how did the primitive churches in apostolic days succeed?\nThey were all Congregational, and for the most part composed of\nignorant people. Did they have apostles to guide them? So have we.\nDr. Strieby and his associates and helpers are successors to the\napostles in this work. They have the oversight, and the churches\nhave freedom of expansion and growth.\n\nWhat is the path, let us inquire, through which a feeble church\nor churches may safely become strong? It is, it must be, through\nself-government, self-development and self-support. As to the\nfirst, churches composed of illiterate Freedmen are, doubtless,\nunfit to govern themselves. But how shall they ever become fit?\nHow shall they learn, except by trial, failure and correction\nunder kind but faithful leadership? We have given our colored\ncitizens the largest civil and political freedom, with no guidance\nbut that of unscrupulous politicians. Shall we now say that they\ncannot be trusted in the church?\u2014that they can be free citizens\nin the republic, with all the duties, trusts and responsibilities\nof citizenship, but that they cannot be Freedmen in the republic\nof God? Our church organization is in perfect harmony with the\ngenius of our Government, and is the best possible school of good\ncitizenship. It teaches liberty, regulated by law and love.\n\nBut the second essential principle of Congregationalism,\nself-development, is no less eminent. This necessitates\norganization and co-operation. Each church cultivates its own\nfield, but its field expands into all the world. It looks over\ninto the Dark Continent, and sends forth some of its young men and\nwomen to win, perchance, the martyr\u2019s crown. Every such effort\nis development, strength. It brings in health and power. The\nworking church alone grows and thrives. This is the nature of the\nCongregational church. Without this element of self-development\ninto active Christian graces, the church, of whatever material\nformed, will remain in the weak and callow state of permanent and\npersistent chickenhood, and in cold nights it must be wrapped\nin cotton wool to keep it from dying. Now these churches of our\nAssociation have gone vigorously to work. They have done well.\nThe facts enumerated in the Report, and to which we have briefly\nreferred, prove this. Let us cheer them and urge them on to greater\neffort. The whole race will rise just so far as it shall put forth\nwhat strength it has.\n\nThe third great requisite of the Congregational church is\nself-support. From the way in which missionary churches come into\nexistence, this is apt to be the most difficult principle to apply.\nThey are weak at the beginning and must be aided. Their real wants\nare pressing\u2014a pastor, church building, school-house, school. But\nall these are so precious to them, to their children and their\nposterity, that great exertion and self-denial on their part should\nbe called forth. No one should be admitted to church membership who\nwill not do something for these great objects. It is safe to follow\nthe teachings of Paul to the poor Corinthians.\n\nLet it be well understood that church membership in a\nCongregational church means the true Christian manhood of\nself-support. Let them be taught systematic giving. This will\nconsecrate all duties and all true enterprise. This will bind\nthe church and the pastor together, and will help them to have\nthe spirit of Him who pronounced it more blessed to give than to\nreceive. This will purify the church. Give alms of such things as\nye have, and behold all things shall be clean unto you. As in the\nforeign field, so in the home, with all due safeguards, let us\nraise the banner, self-government, self-development, self-support.\nThis is true Congregationalism and true Christianity.\u2014_Cyrus\nHamlin, Chairman._\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nADDRESS OF PRES. CYRUS HAMLIN.\n\nIn the few remarks, Mr. Chairman, which I have to make on this\nmost important subject, I shall draw chiefly from my missionary\nexperience of thirty-five years in the Turkish empire, with those\nfeeble churches formed among a people oppressed, persecuted,\ndespised and ignorant, and yet churches that have come up in many\ncases from great weakness and great doubt into noble strength and\nmanhood. This may be received as a general fact of the result of\nchurch organization. Gather from these poor materials churches\nenough to be trusted to their own self-government and care:\norganize the church; give to that church a native pastor, and place\nupon it all the responsibilities of Christian growth and Christian\nwork. You give it, of course, the Bible, and \u201cthe entrance of His\nword giveth light; it giveth understanding unto the simple.\u201d With\nthe Bible always comes, and must come, the common school; and from\nthe common school the high school; and from the high school the\ncollege; and from the college the professional school; and thus you\nhave that necessary provision for preparing the native pastorate,\nand every church must have its pastor from its own race. I believe,\nin the entire field of the American Board, among all nations and\nraces, there never has been a single instance of real success and\ngrowth of a church except under its native pastor, a pastor of its\nown race. And so you have in this Association the most sacred and\nsolemn duty\u2014duty to the church of Christ, duty to the great Head of\nthe church, to educate for these churches competent pastors; and\njust so far as this great duty is neglected, our whole work will\ngrow weak and be a failure.\n\nI do not think it is possible to emphasize too strongly the\nnecessity of having an educated pastorate from the people of the\nchurches to which the pastors themselves belong\u2014of the same race.\nThe church and the college go together; you cannot separate them.\nSeparate them, and they will both perish; unite them, and they\nwill both succeed; for wherever you introduce a true evangelic\nwork, there will be a demand for the very highest education. What\na tremendous and almost tragic demonstration of this was the grand\neffort of the great Secretary of the American Board, to confine\nmissionary churches to education in their own tongue\u2014to lay aside\nall science, to lay aside all study of languages, and to confine\neducation to the vernacular of each people! If anybody on this\nearth could, by any possibility, have carried that demonstration\nto successful result, it would have been our revered and beloved\nDr. Anderson; but the failure was absolute and terrible. I do\nnot believe there is a missionary now under the American Board,\nor under any other Board, that will contend for a thus limited\neducation, a vernacular education, as sufficient for the pastorate\nor the ministry of any people, and especially of an ignorant and\ndegraded people, where the elevating and educating force must come\nso largely from the pastor himself.\n\nNow in these churches in the East, by necessity, the first pastors\nwere not thus educated. The missionaries were compelled to get\nthemselves such pastors as they could find, just as the apostles\nordained elders in every place. They had to ordain just such elders\nas they could find, and the missionaries did the same. But these\npastors have all been growing men; they have all been put into a\nway of study; they have all been kept under exciting influences;\nand pastors and churches have gone on together. And I think, from\nmy personal knowledge of the pastors of those churches in the\nTurkish empire, that they are a noble, faithful and progressive\ncompany of laborers in the vineyard of our Lord. It must also\nbe remembered that, in forming these churches and bringing them\nforward, they will commit great errors; there will be great\nimmoralities breaking out among these church members. I have known\nsuch sins committed by church members in whom I had had confidence,\nthat I would at the first impulse have immediately expelled them\nfrom the churches, and denied to them all possibility of knowing\nor having known anything of a true and pure Christianity; and yet\nthose same men, when faithfully and patiently dealt with, have\ncome to repentance, have returned to faithful Christian life in\nthe church, and I have been at the bedside of some of them when\nthey died in faith and joy, and in hope of a glorious and blessed\nimmortality.\n\nNow, I have great confidence in these churches which this\nAssociation has formed; I have great confidence in their progress,\nin their purification, in the elevation and competency and energy\nof the native pastorate; and it seems to me that this is the very\ncentre, the fountain source, of the safe and onward progress of\nyour great work.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nAFRICA.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT ON FOREIGN WORK.\n\nYour Committee, to whom is referred that portion of the Executive\nCommittee\u2019s Report relating to the Foreign work of the Association,\nbeg leave to report as follows:\n\nThe experience of the past and Providential indications of the\nfuture seem clearly to call upon this Association to concentrate\ntheir foreign work upon two fields\u2014the Mendi mission on the West\ncoast, and the proposed Arthington mission in East Central Africa,\nin the region of the Sobat River.\n\nThe experience of the Mendi mission has been a sad history of the\nsacrifice of many lives, and of meagre results when measured by\nthat sacrifice, in any narrow view of the past or present. But\nwhen we stretch our gaze into the future, and think of the \u201cmust\nneeds be,\u201d which is the law of suffering that accomplishes great\nresults, and lays the foundations of many generations, the Mendi\nmission already justifies its past. It is the key of a future\nthat seems full of promise. It opens the door to a wider and more\nsalubrious region, reaching back from the malarious coast towards\nthe highlands of the head waters of the Niger, and inviting the\nextension of mission outposts with better conditions of success.\nMeanwhile, Good Hope station, on Sherbro island, is favorably\nsituated as a base of supplies and easy communication with Sierra\nLeone and the civilized world.\n\nThe past experience of the Mendi mission has taught some valuable\nlessons. 1. That the white missionary cannot be depended on for\npermanent work, by reason of the deadly climate. 2. That the pure\nblack, of good constitution, although born in America, can endure\nthe climate, and is to be the future African missionary. 3. That\na competent superintendence is desirable for this African work.\n4. That extreme and deliberate care is demanded in the selection\nof missionaries to Africa, in respect both to physical health and\nthorough character. 5. That when such selections have been made,\nour missionaries should be better equipped and provided for than\nthey have been in the past, for efficient and progressive work. A\nfalse economy has involved too much loss. The supporters of the\nAssociation have only need of intelligent and exact information to\nsee and remedy this defect. A mission steamer for the Mendi work is\ngreatly needed to save time, health, labor, and in the end, money.\nSo are other industrial equipments that might be named, fairly\nessential to the highest and speediest spiritual results. Your\nCommittee recommend that the Mendi mission be put in good repair,\nthat, any dropped stitches be taken up, that the things which\nremain be strengthened, particularly in respect to its sanitary and\nindustrial basis, and better conditions for pushing its stations\nfurther into the interior.\n\nAs to the Arthington mission, in its connection with the other\ngenerous and thoughtful projects of this enthusiastic friend of\nAfrica, and in connection also with other Christian missions, and\nparticularly that of the United Presbyterians on the Lower Nile,\nalready dotting that Eastern coast, we approve of the measures\nunder progress by Superintendent Rev. Henry M. Ladd and Dr. E. E.\nSnow for exploring the Sobat region, and getting all possible light\non a desirable location and all other matters involved in a wise\nprosecution of the work proposed. Should it prove feasible, we\nadvise, as in the case of the Mendi mission, a generous equipment,\nthe providing of a good physical basis, particularly in the\nprocurement of a steamer of light draft, adapted to such rivers as\nthe Sobat and the Jub.\n\nAlso at no distant day, the establishment somewhere on African\nsoil, in a salubrious quarter and with favorable contacts with\ncivilization, of an educational institution for young native\nAfricans, combining the best features of the Lovedale School in\nSouth Africa, and the Hampton School in Virginia. We believe\nthat such a school will be essential to the best development of\nour future work in Africa, not only for the training of native\nmissionaries, but for the fundamental lessons of industry and\nself-help that should be woven from the start into a Christian\ncivilization.\n\nIt would also prove a stimulus and an outlet for the various gifts\nof our educated Freedmen in this country, and furnish a wise\ndirection to their growing enthusiasm for that African work sooner\nor later to demand them, when princes shall come out of Egypt, and\n\u201cEthiopia,\u201d as Dr. Edward Blyden renders it, \u201cshall _suddenly_\nstretch out her hands unto God.\u201d\n\nIt is also incumbent upon this Association, as the peculiar\nhelper of these Freedmen, to bend its utmost and untiring efforts\nto develop in them that prime, indispensable, and, by reason\nof their past limitations, sadly deficient prerequisite for\nmissionary success\u2014a thorough character\u2014builded on the only sure\nfoundations\u2014that \u201cfear of the Lord\u201d which is \u201cthe beginning of\nwisdom,\u201d and the love which fulfills His law.\n\nAs it appears that the foothold of future success for the\nArthington mission will largely depend upon the good-will of the\nEgyptian Government, it is evident that vigilant care should be\ntaken in all possible ways to secure that good-will, and the\nalliance of all moral and diplomatic aids from our own and European\ngovernments which are interested in projects like that of the\n\u201cInternational Association\u201d for the civilization of Africa.\n\nIn making the above suggestions we would not be understood to\nreflect upon the Executive Committee as lacking proper care or\nenterprise in the pursuance of the African work. We are aware of\ntheir past limitations, the sudden exigencies of the civil war, the\nvast responsibilities thrown upon them by the emancipation of the\nslaves, and that the immediate sympathies of the Christian public\non which the Association relies for its support have demanded prime\nattention to the home work; but now that the logic of events more\nclearly defines the important relations of the home work to the\nforeign, the appeal should be strongly made for such an increase\nof contributions as shall warrant the Association to push its work\nabroad with fresh vigor.\n\n J. W. HARDING, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nADDRESS OF REV. J. W. HARDING.\n\nThe romance of African exploration is rapidly passing by. We must,\nin this missionary work, take into account fully the great and\npeculiar difficulties in the way\u2014difficulties beginning with the\nphysical geography of that continent, its lack of bays and harbors,\nits generally unnavigable rivers, choked by sand-bars, impeded by\nrapids and cataracts and masses of floating soil; and then the\ndeadly climate, the rank and putrescent vegetation, the fetid\nodors poisoning the air. Will you plunge with me for a few minutes\ninto the African forest, starting with the latest travelers,\nKeith Johnston, son of the great geographer, and Joseph Thompson,\na young man of twenty, a graduate of Edinburgh University and a\ngood botanist and geologist? They plunge into that African forest\nopposite Zanzibar, following a path only eighteen inches wide, for\nall means of conveyance by beasts of burden\u2014horses, mules, camels,\nelephants\u2014have failed in that country, and travelers are forced\nback upon the narrow foot-paths. The grass, cane-like, interwoven\nwith thorny creepers, is from ten to twenty feet high. They have\nto cut their way with hatchets and cutlasses, it is so soon choked\nby the rank growth. They are drenched with the dew for the first\ntwo hours through and through; then they are scorched by the sun.\nBy and by comes a pouring shower and they are drenched again. At\nnight they lie down in their little shelter tents, breathing the\nsteamy, stuffy, poisoned air; and before they get 200 miles, Joseph\nThompson, the young man of twenty, buries under a mangrove tree his\nfriend Keith Johnston. He was only thirty-four, an athletic fellow,\nproud of his English training, of a splendid constitution. But that\nis a deadly climate. Young Thompson staggers along, often falling\nin his tracks. His men have to lift him up and he has to hold on to\ntheir belts; but, after fourteen months and fifteen hundred miles\nof travel, only losing one man, no plundering, no desertions, not a\nshot fired offensive or defensive, not a drop of blood shed, though\nunder the most intense provocations, he brings all his men back to\nZanzibar\u2014a hearty, merry, jovial set.\n\nThis gives you a little idea of the inevitable difficulties of\nAfrican exploration. As to the encouragements, the first one I\nthink of (and it is a great one) is that our Lord, who leads us to\nvictory, has made Africa and told us to go there. The next is the\ntestimony of our latest travelers to the grand success of mission\nwork. Thompson says that while the Belgian expeditions have failed,\nwhile the stations of the International Association have failed\nbecause of the lack of character in the men who have led them, the\nLivingstonian mission, the Free Church of Scotland mission, the\nLondon Missionary Society\u2019s mission, and various other missions\nhave all proved solid civilizing centres. Desolating wars have\nceased; the slave trade in their region is ended; the moral tone of\nthe natives has been evidently already lifted up.\n\nBut we must have in this missionary work more regard to a physical\nbasis. It is wrong, brethren, to send such men as Henry M. Ladd and\nEdward P. Smith, and let them travel in open boats, exposed with\ntheir native boatmen to almost certain death. The fact is that the\nsentinel of death stands five miles out from the coast of Africa\nto warn almost every traveler not to sleep on its shores in such\na region as that. If we send out these noble men who hazard their\nlives for this work, we must give them these steamers\u2014the \u201cJohn\nBrown\u201d steamer at the Mendi mission, and the \u201cCharles Sumner\u201d\nsteamer at the Nile Basin station.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nFROM ADDRESS OF REV. GEO. S. DICKERMAN.\n\nAs we review the past, we delight to see how the various movements,\nwhich, at the time, seem to be wholly disconnected, move on in\nconverging lines, and how, finally, those movements come together\nto produce some sublime result. During this centennial period we\nhave been looking back over the past history of our nation, and at\nthe same time over the past history of Europe, and we have found\nthese two histories blended all the way through. From the time of\nthe Crusades, and the awakening of the spirit of enterprise, and\nthe creating of that great restlessness throughout Europe which\nled to the spirit of exploration and discovery, down through the\nsubsequent periods, during which our country was colonized, we see\neverywhere how movements on this side of the water and movements\non the other side were playing together. * * * * * * * * * And now\nwe stand at another period, and we see two continents, lying side\nby side across the same ocean. We have heard God\u2019s voice saying,\n\u201cLet my people go,\u201d and this has been followed by God\u2019s providence\nbreaking off the fetters of an oppressed race and bidding them go\nforth into a land of freedom. And we have seen, in connection with\nthis, God calling His people to labor and lift up these brethren to\na higher intelligence, to a purer, faith, to a nobler aspiration,\nand to a grander enterprise; and we have seen these efforts\nfruiting most wonderfully. And all the time that this has been\ngoing on, away off there across the ocean, in that new continent\nhitherto unexplored, Baker, Livingstone and Stanley, with untiring\nindustry, have been prosecuting their work; and \u201cthe great dark\ncontinent\u201d is being made a light continent in one respect\u2014light to\nour knowledge, only that something greater and grander may follow.\nAre these lines parallel\u2014the lines of God\u2019s movements in America\nand the lines of God\u2019s movements in Africa? They _converge_; and,\nin the distance, these lines on which God is moving will come\nto their focus, and we shall see there on African soil sublime\nresults, of which these here on American soil give to us but the\nprophecy.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nTHE UPPER NILE BASIN.\n\nCOL. H. G. PROUT, LATE OF THE KEHDIVE\u2019S STAFF, EGYPT.\n\nIn what I have to say I shall not try to give any large picture\nof African travel or life; I shall try only to give some accurate\nnotions of a limited area.\n\nThe Soudan is not a definite geographical term. Bellad es Soudan\nis the country of the blacks, and is merely a general term like\nCentral Africa. An Egyptian Governor-General of the Soudan rules\na vast territory, extending in Gordon\u2019s time from the Tropic of\nCancer on the north to near the equator on the south, about 1,640\nmiles; and from the Red Sea on the east to the western boundary\nof Darfour, averaging about 660 miles in width. This territory\nincludes Upper and Lower Nubia, the fertile and little known\nSennaar, the wastes north of Abyssinia, the provinces of Darfour\nand Kordofan, and the mysterious regions of the White Nile and its\naffluents.\n\nNowhere else in the explored world is there an equal area so\nuniform in climate and surface. The sad result of this uniformity\nyou see in the condition of the people. In your effort to help the\npeople, you must fight against these facts of nature. A monotony of\nsavage tribes live in a bad climate, uniform in its badness; they\ninhabit a land which throughout great regions gives no variety of\nsurface. From these conditions they have no escape. I do not say\nthat no great improvement of people so situated is possible; but I\ndo say that man has seldom found himself in a worse position.\n\nIn the northern zone of the Soudan, down to about the twelfth\ndegree of latitude, the climate has admitted of a feeble\ndevelopment of Mohammedan civilization; further south the\nconditions are desperate.\n\nThe Arab officers of the Khedive, the Nubian slave hunters, the few\nEuropean traders and travelers who have gone as far as Gondokoro,\nthe handful of American and English officers who, in late years,\nhave tried to carry law and light into that unhappy country\u2014every\nman of them would tell you the same story of more or less rapid\nfailure of his own vital powers, and of the terrible mortality\namong his comrades. We, at this distance, only hear of those who\ngo up the Nile and come back. One has but to spend a few weeks in\nKhartoum to learn a long list of names of men who have gone as far\nas Khartoum or Fashoda, or the Sobat or Lado, only to come back,\nbroken in health, often to die before getting to the sea.\n\nLet us now glance briefly at the physical geography of the Nile\nbasin south of Khartoum. Below the tenth degree of latitude, the\nsteppe country is no longer seen. Vast marshes stretch away on\neither hand, broken by peninsulas and islands of dry land. For 790\nmiles this is the character of the immediate valley of the White\nNile. Between latitudes 5 and 6 the swamps end and the face of\nthe country becomes more like our own land. From this latitude to\nthe equator is a charmingly diversified country, with mountains,\nvalleys, creeks, meadows, and not an extraordinary proportion of\nswamps. Of course, this region is more healthy than the marshes of\nthe White Nile, but even it has a trying climate.\n\nHere the Nile is a rapid stream, with numerous wooded and rocky\nislands and long stretches of rapids and cataracts. The forests are\nneither so vast nor so dense as we imagine tropical forests to be;\nnor do we find here the majestic trees and the luxuriant vegetation\nof the Central American forests. The herbage grows with wonderful\nrapidity, and during the summer months much of the country is\ncovered with grass of amazing height and strength.\n\nOn the west and south the great swamp basin seems to end at a crest\nof high land running northwesterly from the Nile at about latitude\n5, crossing the eighth degree of latitude at 150 or 200 miles west\nof the Nile, and keeping something the same general direction to\nthe steppes of Darfour and Wadai.\n\nThe eastern limit of the swamp region is even more conjectural than\nthe western, but we may expect that it will be found within 100\nmiles of the Nile, and that it is a line running south by west from\nnear the mouth of the Sobat. The total area of the swamp basin may\nbe 25,000 square miles.\n\nKhartoum is the point of rendezvous and departure for all routes\ninto the Soudan. It may be reached from Cairo by two principal\nroutes; one up the Nile valley, the other by the Red Sea and by\ncaravan to Berber on the Nile, 250 miles north of Khartoum. The\nquicker and probably the cheaper route is by the Red Sea, Suakim\nand Berber. The journey by this route, allowing three days each at\nSuakim and Berber, may be made in 32 days. By this route there are\nbut two days of hard marching necessary. The rest of the journey\ncan be made at a comfortable pace. Both of these routes into\nthe Soudan are much frequented. Special difficulties in getting\ntransportation may operate against one or the other of them at\ndifferent times. This is something to be decided at Cairo.\n\nKhartoum, the capital of the Soudan, is a town of about 30,000\npeople, with many and fairly good shops, at which the traveler\ncan procure anything really necessary, except arms, ammunition\nand medicines. At this great African city all lines of traffic\nconverge. Here boats can be procured, manned, provisioned and\nstored to go up the White or Blue Nile, the Sobat or the Bahr el\nGhazalle. Here camels may be hired and caravans fitted out to go to\nthe East or the West.\n\nFrom Khartoum to Fashoda, in the tenth degree of latitude, about\n450 miles, the White Nile is practically Mohammedan. Though\nthe Shillooks rove considerably north of that point, they are\ncontinually harassed by their enemies, the Bagarra Arabs from\nKordofan and the government tax-gatherers from the Nile, and lead\na very unsettled life. On the eastern bank of the Nile, also,\nthe Mohammedan tribes have driven the negroes south of the tenth\nparallel.\n\nSouth of Fashoda, however, for more than 100 miles along the west\nbank of the Nile, past the mouth of the Sobat, and extending back\nmany miles into the interior, is the country held by the great\ntribe of the Shillooks. Their huts in this region are like one vast\nvillage. They are a powerful and spirited tribe, numbering over a\nmillion souls, it is estimated. They have resisted the Egyptian\nGovernment with tenacity and considerable success. Indeed, I cannot\nsay how much of their territory is actually subjugated to-day; but\nit is probable the Egyptian power is not acknowledged far from\nFashoda.\n\nThe Shillooks are one of the finest negro tribes of which we know\nanything. They are prosperous cultivators of the soil and great\nhunters. Although they are greatly exasperated by the wars of the\ngovernment and the plundering of the passing slave-traders, it\nis likely that they could soon be led to feel confidence in men\nwhom they found to be neither officials nor slavers. With their\nlight canoes they cross the river constantly, hunting, fishing\nand raiding on the neighboring Dinkas and Nouers. Although they\nhave been so badly treated by the government and the traders, yet\nthey have learned to discriminate among white men, and it is quite\npossible that they might be found more open to the influence of\nChristian missionaries than the tribes farther away from the route\nof travel.\n\nOn the west bank of the Nile, north of the Sobat, is a branch of\nthe great Dinka tribe. These people have fared even worse than the\nShillooks at the hands of the slavers, and have almost abandoned\nthe banks of the streams. They will probably return with the\ndecline of slave-hunting, if indeed they are not already occupying\nagain their old lands. These are docile and intelligent negroes,\nand are favorite slaves. The black regiments of the Soudan were\nmostly recruited from the Dinkas. Like the Shillooks, the Dinkas\nare pure heathen and great cattle-breeders. The immediate southern\nbank of the Sobat is now occupied by the Nouer tribe, who have also\npushed over to the north of that stream and are found far up its\ncourse. They go to the west as far as the Gazelle River and their\nsouthern limit is ill-defined. They are a very numerous tribe, but\nperhaps inferior in intelligence to either the Shillooks or the\nDinkas, although Poncet speaks of them as clean, well-housed, and\nvaliant warriors and hunters.\n\nThe little that we know of the country and people up the Sobat is\nnot encouraging. The land is flat, and in the rainy season marshy.\nOn the banks of the streams are forests of the talch acacia. The\npeople have been hostile, and Col. Gordon withdrew his station from\nthat region before I went to the provinces of the Equator.\n\nThe mouth of the Sobat, and the great east and west reach of the\nNile which flows here east by south for about 100 miles, mark the\nsouthern limit of the steppe country. South of this one should not\nrest till he reaches the high lands of the Bahr el Gebel, below\nlatitude 5. The characteristic features of that region are truly\ncharming to one who has crossed the deserts, steppes and marshes on\nhis way from the Mediterranean.\n\nHere are found various tribes of negroes, the Bohr, the Shir, the\nMadi, and finally, to the south, the great Wanyoro and Waganda\ntribes, who are thought by Speke not to be negroes. On the east\nare the Latookas and the Lungo; on the west the Niambara. For our\npurposes it is not necessary to discriminate very closely between\nthem. They are all naked heathen, given to warfare and pillage,\ndetesting work, and certainly not spiritually minded.\n\nAll of these people had been greatly exasperated by the\nslave-traders and by the garrison left at Gondokoro by Baker. The\npolicy of the slave-traders had been to keep one tribe at war with\nanother, and by allying themselves with one and the other to get\nmuch of the fighting done for them and to carry off the spoils in\nslaves, cattle and ivory. The Egyptian garrison had imitated the\ntraders, and when Gordon went up it was practically besieged at\nGondokoro. In two years and a half Gordon had reduced the garrison\nat Gondokoro to a sergeant and ten men, and his strongest garrison,\nthat at Moogi, was but 90 men. He had established stations for\n300 miles at a day\u2019s march, or less, apart, and over much of this\ndistance one courier could pass unharmed. The chiefs about the\nstations paid tribute of corn and furnished porters readily. On the\nAlbert Lake he put a steamer and two large iron life-boats, which\ntraversed without danger or difficulty the 125 miles of river south\nof Dufli. The Moogi family, for some distance on the east bank\nof the river, was still hostile, but all the other river people\nhad great confidence in the wonderful white man who had been just\nand truthful with them. How much of this condition still exists\nI do not know, but the fact that it did exist in 1877 shows what\nmissionaries might hope to do there.\n\nThe negroes of the far Nile country, like the Shillooks, the\nDinkas, and the Nouers below, breed cattle, raise their poor\nbreadstuffs and a few vegetables, and hunt but little. Were it not\nfor the tribal wars, they would seldom suffer for food, although\nlocal famines from drought do occur. Like the negroes farther down\nthe Nile, they are, too, a simple and happy people, only asking to\nbe let alone. They want nothing that our civilization can give them\nexcept bright beads and wire. Therefore, to establish relations of\ntrade with them is not easy.\n\nI began by promising to give you somewhat accurate notions of\ncertain limited regions. I find that I have been able to skim but\nhastily over even the area to which I have confined myself.\n\nI will conclude with a few words about that area as a missionary\nfield. I need not tell you that the poor people are densely\nignorant of Christianity, as they are of all religion. I need\nnot tell you again that like all savages they make each other as\nmiserable as they can with their poor knowledge of the art and\nmeans of war; or that the slave-traders and the Khedive\u2019s troops\nare adding daily to their capacity in that way. I hardly need tell\nyou that I believe them to be human beings whose happiness might\nbe increased by teaching them peaceful industries and by inducing\nthem to give up idleness and fighting. In short, there is no\ndoubt that the condition of the people of Central Africa and the\nSoudan is deplorable, and there is a possibility that Christian\nmissionaries might make it better. The question is how and where\nyou can do the most with the means at your command. Probably the\nmost can be done by working steadily up the Nile, and to moderate\ndistances east and west of the water-way, with a base in the more\nhealthful regions of the north, and a steamer to carry people back\nand forth. I believe it would be a mistake to plant an isolated\nmission anywhere south of the swamp region. The essential thing is\nto be able to take a man away as soon as you find that he can no\nlonger resist the fevers, recruit him in the desert air, and then\nhurry him back before he and his people have forgotten each other.\nIf you plant a colony in the heart of Africa and leave it for three\nyears, at the end of that time there will probably not be a man\nof it living\u2014almost certainly he will not be living and working\nthere. But it will take an ordinary man at least three years to fit\nhimself for really good work amongst a people whose language and\nways are so new to him.\n\nA valuable lesson may be drawn from the experiences of Gordon and\nBaker in the same country. Baker isolated himself in Unyoro, with\nno base and no line of communications. He was obliged to burn his\nbaggage and retreat, with great courage and skill it is true,\nbut with the absolute waste of his expedition. Gordon kept up\nfortnightly steamers to Khartoum, established his little garrisons\nstep by step, and when he left the Provinces the power of the\ngovernment was firmly fixed there.\n\nThe idea of the Roman Catholic mission is excellent so far as it\ngoes. They have built comfortable houses at Khartoum and El Obeid;\nhave established schools, gardens and hospitals; have a corps\nof people trained in Arabic and some of the negro dialects, and\nsomewhat acclimated, and\u2014there they stop and sit in their gardens.\nThey are capital financiers, and their mission will not be apt to\nbreak up for want of money or recruits; but as a means of practical\ngood in Africa, it is nearly worthless without a chief of heroic\nfibre.\n\nThe scheme that I should strongly advise is a sanitarium and school\nin the north, with your own steamer on the Nile; a mission near\nthe Sobat; and if the White Nile is found to keep open, another at\nthe head of navigation. In the course of years such a scheme would\nprobably make a mark in the countries it reached; but to succeed\nit must have at its head a man of courage and brains, a man of\nsleepless energy, a man hungry and thirsty for work, and he must be\na diplomat as well, for he will be terribly worried on all sides.\nI have suggested a point near the Sobat for a mission, because at\nthat point relations could be established with some of the largest\ntribes\u2014the Shillooks, Dinkas and Nouers\u2014and because it is the last\npoint at which a colony could be planted north of the great swamp\nbasin. A colony south of that is liable to be cut off for months\nand even years, by the formation of the \u201csud\u201d or grass barrier\nin the Nile. Undoubtedly the Sobat region is inferior in land\nand climate to the high lands south of Gondokoro; but, as I have\npointed out, to isolate your mission so that it cannot be rapidly\nrecruited and supplied will be fatal. Of this I am positive. When\nyou find that the Soudan authorities are sure or even likely to\nkeep communications open up the Nile, _then_ a mission should be\nsent up to Gondokoro or farther south. All the dangers in and\nobstacles to this noble work should be measured and faced, and\nthe work so organized that a real retreat need never be made.\nTrue progress must be very slow, and you must not look for quick\nresults. When you have done your best you must not be disappointed\nif you seem to have done very little. To plant a mission on a solid\nfoundation, with the right chief at its head and the right material\nat his hand, will be a great work.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nTHE INDIANS.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.\n\nYour Committee on work for the Indians recognize with gratitude the\ngreatly increased general interest in the welfare of the red race,\na change to more encouraging ideas in respect to its future, and a\ndisposition to make increased efforts for its redemption.\n\nThey point to the fact that to Christianize the aborigines was a\ndeep-seated purpose of the Pilgrim Fathers, and that the duty is\ngreater now than ever from the wrongs they have suffered at our\nhands; and to the fact that the destruction of buffalo and other\ngame has compelled a large class of Indians to seek white men\u2019s\nmeans of support, thus bringing thousands of their children within\nreach, and creating conditions of successful evangelizing work\namong them far more favorable than they have ever been in the past\nthree centuries.\n\nThey urge action because civilization is rapidly surrounding them;\nmany tribes are increasing in numbers, and the alternative is\neither Christian education or a terrible, bloody, costly struggle\nwith a powerful race. Education or extermination is the issue. They\npoint to the success already achieved in Indian education at Fort\nBerthold, Lake Superior and S\u2019kokomish Agencies, by the American\nMissionary Association; to the grand results of missionary effort\nduring the past forty years at the West; and to the hopeful work at\nCarlisle and at Hampton, as affording every encouragement.\n\nThey recognize the great need of legislation that shall encourage\ncitizenship among the Indians and afford means of attaining the\nconditions of citizenship.\n\nYour Committee would therefore recommend for adoption the following\nresolutions:\n\nRes. I. That the Association shall do all in its power for the\neducation of Indian youth at their own homes, and in its colored\nschools at the South.\n\nRes. II. That the Executive Committee of this Association be\ncharged with the duty of pressing upon the general public and\nthe Government their responsibility for the Indian race, and by\nco-operation with other societies, and by direct effort, exert its\ninfluence at the seat of government in behalf of legislation that\nshall secure citizenship to the Indian; to that end a legal status\nand education to fit him for it.\n\n S. C. ARMSTRONG, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nADDRESS OF GEN. S. C. ARMSTRONG\n\nThe Indian question is this: education in its broadest sense or\nextermination. But at least one white man must fall for every\nIndian who is shot, and it takes as much money to kill one red man\nas it would to train a hundred of their children in civilized ways.\nTo educate is economy.\n\nFifty thousand Indians receive every day from the Government a\npound and a half of fresh beef, with flour and coffee and sugar\nand tobacco to match, and a fair outfit for all purposes of decent\nliving and good farming, and the number will increase. An agency\nwarehouse is a huge store filled with utensils of every kind, from\nwhich the ex-warrior draws gratuitously at the agent\u2019s discretion.\nThere is no treatment like this in any other country on the globe\u2014a\nstupendous wholesale charity to a people, of whom a large portion\nare thus hired to keep the peace.\n\nWhen first fed they are modest and satisfied, gradually they get\nimportunate, and finally become most grievous beggars. There is\nan unevenness of treatment in this matter, based chiefly on the\nvarying difficulties of settlement; the strong and wicked Sioux\ngetting the maximum in return for their good behavior. The quiet\nand thrifty Fort Berthold Indians, who are doing as much, if not\nmore _per capita_ than any others, complain; for Indians visit much\nand discuss things; they have not yet discovered that virtue is its\nown reward.\n\nYet I have seen and heard of agencies where, notwithstanding\ngratuities, there has been steady improvement in houses, crops and\nherds. Good management on the one hand and the good sense of the\nbetter class of Indians on the other hand, at certain points led\nto remarkable results; but a forward move along the whole line\nof the Indian population is not to be looked for till they shall\nhave the same motives to industry that other men have and that all\nmen need. Agencies, reservations and rationing are and long will\nbe a necessity, lessening only as by wise use of public bounty,\nand by proper legislation and care, the Indians shall approach\nself-support and citizenship. The persistently indolent should\nnot remain as they are now, unless the nation has pledged itself,\nby solemn treaty, to feed forever the savage who squats on his\nhaunches and refuses to work.\n\nFirst-class men, and no others, can settle the Indian question. The\nwant of them is the bottom fact in our Indian troubles. Government\npays the market price for good beef and sugar and tobacco, but will\nnot pay for good men. There is only one answer to the question,\n\u201cCan a superior man afford to be an Indian agent?\u201d No! There are\nexcellent Indian agents, thanks to their noble impulses, but\nGovernment should buy and not beg what it is bound to get. Salaries\nare from $900 to $2,200, depending principally upon the number of\nIndians under the agent\u2019s care. Hence, the more liberally he feeds,\nthe more the roving bands of the plains seek his care and swell his\nincome. Pressing self-support upon them may scatter them and lessen\nhis salary.\n\nCongress will appropriate hundreds of thousands of dollars to feed\nIndians, millions to fight them, but will not give the nominal\nadditional sum necessary to induce men who can make a living in\nany other way to become Indian agents. We tell the Indians to take\nthe white man\u2019s road and refuse to open it. He needs ideas; he\nis capable of citizenship, but is unfit to hold lands or manage\nproperty till he can read and write, and knows something of our\nlanguage.\n\nOf the forty thousand wild children of the plains who are looking\nto the nation for education, not over eight thousand are enrolled\nat school. The average is far less. We are rich and paying all our\ndebts but those to the illiterate of the land, whose ignorance is\nnot their fault. The little children will one day lead. Honor and\ninterest demand a care for their welfare. The point of sending\nchildren to Carlisle and Hampton should not be that they may learn\ntrades so much as to acquire our language and habits, and see and\ncomprehend civilization\u2014a temporary sojourn away from their people,\nthat all interested in them declare to be most desirable. Settling\nIndians on homesteads, encouraging mechanic arts, agriculture,\nand especially cattle-raising, for which this race is peculiarly\nadapted, and has, at the beginning, in its fitness for it, an\nadvantage over white men, turns more than anything else on the\nwisdom, skill and perseverance of the agent.\n\nIt should be said that there has been for the past ten years\na steady improvement in the morals of the agencies, the ideas\nand habits of Indians, and in the character and efficiency of\nGovernment employees. The chief who once said, \u201cWe can\u2019t eat\nschools and teachers, and don\u2019t want them,\u201d and afterward sent his\nson to Hampton, illustrates the change in Indian thought that is\nsteadily going on. Progressive Indians have suffered persecutions.\nTo abandon the dance, put away wild costumes, and rub the paint off\nhis face, has cost many an Indian suffering and loss. The \u201cwhite\nman way\u201d is not even more fashionable or comfortable, ridicule\nbeing one penalty, which, to an Indian is hard to bear.\n\nThe quiet missionary work done for the red race during the past\nforty years is the seed sowing, of which it and the nation will\nreap a harvest of good results. The Indian is a worshiper; \u201cthe\nblue sky and high bluffs are their church edifice, the medicine man\nbeing their minister.\u201d With selfishness and vindictiveness running\nthrough their religion, it contains a recognition of one God, a\nSpirit which may be readily expounded by Christian teaching into\nan adequate conception of the true God. No heathen in the world\noffer so little to obstruct and so much to encourage the work of\nthe missionary. Four years\u2019 experience at Hampton has shown them\nto be remarkably open to truth, and not to be in any marked degree\nrevengeful. They are like other people, their special weakness\nbeing physical. Christians of America have a duty to the Indian\nthat they have not done. Their work in the West should be doubled\nat once. United effort by the great religious societies would do\nmuch for the welfare of this race, through persistent pressure upon\nCongress for a proper legal status.\n\nIn citizenship is the salvation of the Indian; wardship tends to\nemasculate him. The effect of the ballot would be to make a man\nof him as it did of the negro. To be brought out of his present\ncondition into fitness to vote is a work of the utmost delicacy\nand difficulty, but it can be done. They are not dying out\u2014at any\nrate, the 50,000 Sioux are not. Twenty-eight Sioux Indian youth,\nwho had spent three years at Hampton, have just been returned\nto their Dakota home. Of these young men six are farmers and\nassist in general work, getting from fifteen to twenty dollars\nper month; two are employed in offices at the same wages; six are\nteachers, getting twenty dollars a month; two are blacksmiths,\ntwo are shoemakers, and seven are carpenters, getting a dollar\na day apiece; all have rations besides. All refused to go to\ncamp life, and have been provided by the Government agents with\nseparate buildings, which they have cleaned and fitted up as best\nthey could. The Indian Department has seconded their efforts very\nheartily. The next twelve months will decide their success. Their\ncourse will be watched with interest, as a test of the methods at\nCarlisle and Hampton schools, and indeed of the Indian\u2019s ability to\nmake good use of our education.\n\nThe \u201cGeneral Survey\u201d for the year suggests suitable accommodations\nfor Indians in some other of our institutions. This would be wise.\nThe 370 negro youth at Hampton are a wonderful help to their 90\nIndian schoolmates both directly and indirectly. The mingling of\nthe races has proved a success, reacting happily on both. Increase\nthe good work of your institutions and they will grow in favor with\nGod and man.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nFROM ADDRESS OF CAPT. R. H. PRATT.\n\nLast summer, at Carlisle, during the vacation period, we put\nout in good families among the farmers, 109 of our children.\nThey all came back (except 29 who are to stay during the winter)\nimmensely advantaged by it, speaking better English, with the\nIndian diffidence rooted out to a degree that it would have been\nimpossible for us to have accomplished in the same time even at\nCarlisle, which, from its advantages of contact with civilization,\nis immensely superior to any agency school. But we went farther. We\nfound that the boys and girls had made such good impressions among\nthe citizens that many desired them to stay, and so the Department\nwas asked to allow a few to remain out for the winter, and go to\nthe public schools with the white children and live in families.\nThe Department gave its consent provided it would cost nothing. So\narrangements were made, and we have out for this winter six girls\nand twenty-three boys.\n\nTo make the completest success of Eastern education for the\nIndians, I would use Carlisle as a sort of cleanser, a bath-tub\nor something of that kind, where we could wash them, clean them\nup, get a little understanding of our ways into them, and some\nunderstanding of English, and then scatter them out over the\ncountry to come in contact with our life. In that way they would\nlearn best how to become citizens of the United States.\n\nBut we can rest it here. Whenever Congress gets ready to educate\nthe Indian children as a whole, it will be no difficult matter to\ndetermine upon the best methods. Three to five thousand scattered\naround through the East would still leave forty-five to forty-seven\nthousand for the agency schools to work upon. That number in\nschools through the East, just as your Association proposes,\nsending them into your mission schools, where they may learn right\nfrom our life by comparison with theirs, by daily contact, will be\nfound to be the most rapid plan. Make them work, and do not forget\nto make them fill their places, which they will gladly do when they\nfind they must.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nTHE CHINESE.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.\n\nAlthough in the Report of your Committee very brief mention is made\nof the work among the Chinese of this country, it is not therefore\nto be inferred that that work is being neglected, nor that it is\nfailing in the ends for which it was undertaken. Rather is there a\ndeepened conviction of its importance and increased encouragement\nin the prosecution of it; but in estimating the importance of the\nwork we are not to consider alone the Chinese in this country,\nthough they are a body of men of sufficient number to call for\nall, and more than all, that has been done for them. But we look\nbeyond the 75,000 Chinese in California to the 400,000,000 in their\nown land. The Christian world through their missionaries, and by\npersonal intercourse, are coming to understand this people better\nthan they once did. Instead of the race of barbarians, stupid\nand immovable, which they were once thought to be, those who are\nwell-informed accept the assertion of the Rev. John Ross, who says,\n\u201cThey are beyond comparison the most intelligent of non-Christian\npeoples; if any race surpasses them in industry, it is only the\nAnglo-Saxon.\u201d * * * * *\n\nBut how is the Christian church to have a part in remodeling the\ninstitutions and customs of that vast nation? Not by any one method\nalone, but one of those which Providence has opened, is doubtless\nto be through the agency of Chinamen converted here and returning\nto their homes to preach the Gospel to their countrymen. It cannot\nbe questioned that there will be a place and need for those trained\nunder the institutions of the Gospel to go to China and plant the\nsame institutions there; yet the converted Chinamen can do some\nthings and exert an influence in some directions not open to others.\n\nThe career of Yung Wing furnishes a striking illustration of this.\nOf humble parentage, converted while at school in this country, he\nconceived the plan of bringing Chinese youth of promise to this\ncountry to be educated. He returned to China in 1855, without\nmoney, without influential friends, having almost forgotten his\nown language. For sixteen years he studied, taught, served the\ngovernment, worked his way upward, and won to his views officers\nhigh in authority. In 1871 his plan was adopted by the government,\n$1,500,000 placed at his disposal, and more than 100 selected\nChinese youth were brought to this country. Though his experiment\nhas now received a check, and perhaps will not be carried on\nfurther, even its success so far is a standing proof of influence\nexerted by a Christianized native such as no other could hope to\nexert. And not only so, it has by no means been a failure even in\nitself considered. The young men who have gone back to China from\nour colleges and schools and Christian families have gone back far\nother than they came.\n\nIt is even a question whether they may not be more to be feared\nby the Chinese government as revolutionists than as though they\nhad returned thoroughly converted Christians. But all will have\nreceived new ideas. Even those who have been chased through the\nstreets by the hoodlums of San Francisco have learned some new\nideas. They can distinguish between a Christian and a politician\nand know who are their friends and what makes them so.\n\nIf in a generation we could send back to China a score of Yung\nWings we should do more for the conversion of China than by any\nother method open to us.\n\nThe Report speaks of a plan for establishing a new mission in\nSouthern China as being under consideration. To your Committee\nit would seem the part of wisdom to move slowly in this matter\nso long as the present facilities are offered for labor in this\ncountry, especially as it is uncertain how long these facilities\nmay continue to be enjoyed.\n\nThirty different Mission Boards are already occupying points in\nChina, and though their 1200 laborers are wholly inadequate for\nthe work of evangelizing China, yet they furnish in their various\nstations, points from which laborers may go out, so that the\ncall would seem to be for men to recruit the missions already\nestablished, rather than for forming new ones. Especially will a\nseparate movement of this kind be unnecessary if the converted\nChinese of this country are able to carry out their purpose\nof establishing a mission of their own in the country back of\nCanton. The very fact that they are entertaining such an idea,\nand earnestly pressing it, speaks volumes for the work which this\nSociety has already accomplished, and opens a glorious vista for\nits ever expanding career in the future.\n\nYour Committee would propose the following resolution:\n\n_Resolved_, That in view of the small demands made upon the\ntreasury of the A. M. A. by the work among the Chinese, and the\ngreat returns which that work promises, the constituency of this\nSociety are under the most solemn obligations to furnish for this\nbranch of its work all the means that can be employed consistently\nwith a wise economy and with due regard for the encouragement of\nself-help by the converted Chinese themselves.\u2014_Rev. A. E. P.\nPerkins, Chairman._\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nTHE CHINESE TO EVANGELIZE CHINA.\n\nBY REV. C. H. POPE\n\nGreat good has been done in China by missionaries, but against what\nodds! Now in the free United States, the country whose government\nhas been his nation\u2019s _most_ generous friend, and whose people\nhave shown him most personal attention, the Chinaman can examine\nChristians with a criticism no less keen, but far surer to be\ncorrect. He has had no difficulty in seeing the difference between\na \u201choodlum\u201d and a Sunday-school teacher. He has even been able\nto distinguish one reverend from another, and neither trusted\n\u201cbrother\u201d Kalloch nor distrusted \u201cbrother\u201d Pond. The international\nlesson he here learns as he could not at his home\u2014that a line\nbetween the children of light and the children of darkness runs\nthrough many families, through all communities.\n\nNow let him go back to China, _if he must\u2014that is, if he will!_\nHe goes tenfold more potent than any of us to find the way to\nhis countrymen\u2019s hearts. I once doubted Chinese interpreters of\nour teaching and preaching. On examination I came to believe\nthat the English language is the best medium for us to tell the\nGospel in\u2014a language born of Christian civilization, enlarged by\nChristian teaching, ornamented by Christian poetry, matured by\nthe translation of the Bible, developed in Christian education,\ncarrying in its common phrases less of grossness or corruption,\nand more of plain goodness, than any other tongue. In the day and\nevening schools, and in the Sunday-schools and prayer meetings\nwhich this Association maintains, the Chinese interpreter plays\na prominent part only for a short time. Soon he becomes little\nneeded; the pupils rapidly gain knowledge of our words: from step\nto step they catch gleams of new ideas and find new words not\nnumerous in comparison with their language, but wonderfully clear\nand helpful. Daily observation is their best interpreter; the\nwinning tones of ladies and children gain their ear and reach their\nperception easily; they get broad, practical ideas of Christianity;\nand they can be trusted to preach the Gospel in Chinese to Chinese.\nNo process has ever gone so healthfully and hopefully into the\nMongolian heart.\n\nWe are not concerned to explain the presence of any race in our\nland, nor can we parley over the motives which brought them to\nit. Enough for us to see that these Sauls of Tarsus come into the\n\u201cstraight\u201d way before they _leave_ Damascus; and that when their\neyes have been opened, and our forgiving Saviour has accepted them,\nwe call them \u201cbrethren,\u201d and kindly protect them from enemies.\nEnough for us to train them in all Christian truth and service,\nuntil they and we together get an adequate notion of the part they\nare fitted to take in their nation\u2019s conversion. Then, unless our\nsister society, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign\nMissions, shall take them into the far-off field for that grand\nwork, we must formally equip and send them; for the Holy Ghost has\nsaid, \u201cSeparate me Paul and Barnabas for the work whereunto I have\ncalled them.\u201d\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nREPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.\n\n\nYour Committee on Finance beg leave to report that they have\nexamined the accounts and have found them duly audited. Attached\nto the auditor\u2019s report there is a statement that all the funds\nwhich represent permanent property of the Society have also been\nexamined, and everything is found in order. There is a balance in\nthe treasury, Sept. 30th, 1881, of $518.80. The management asked\nlast year for an increase of 25 per cent. in the contributions;\nthe churches gave them an increase of 30 per cent. During the year\nthere have been large improvements made, and some enlargements of\nthe different educational institutions, so that they are now able\nto accommodate a much greater number of students than before; and\nif that opportunity is to be embraced, and these students who are\nclamoring for an education are to be instructed, it will require a\nlarger outlay of money than that of the preceding year.\n\nOn the basis of the heartiness with which the churches complied\nwith the request of last year, your Committee recommend that the\nmanagement ask of the churches this year a little more still; and\nthat, as against the $246,000 last year, the endeavor shall be made\nto raise $300,000 the present year.\n\nThe Committee desire reference to be made to some departments of\nthe work where the need is special, notably the Chinese work, where\nthere is ample room for a hundred-fold more of service. The Indian\nwork also claims a special contribution, and the work among the\nAfricans is always enlarging more and more.\n\nI am requested to call attention also, in this informal way, to two\nprovisions of the by-laws, that you may understand how financially\nsecure this Society is, and how well-nigh impossible it is that\nthere should, in any event, be any loss of its funds, or that they\nshould be diverted from the use to which they are devoted.\n\nOn the sixth page of the report, concerning the Committee on\nFinance, it says:\n\n It shall be the duty of the Committee on Finance to examine the\n accounts of the Treasurer for the month preceding each regular\n meeting of the Executive Committee, before such meeting, taking\n the books of account kept by him, and comparing them with\n his statement of the month\u2019s receipts and disbursements and\n with the vouchers, and to certify to the correctness of such\n statement when approved by them. They shall also cause to be\n kept a book, wherein shall be set forth in detail, (1,) all\n stocks and bonds owned by the Association at par, with a note\n of the original cost of the same to the Association; (2,) all\n real estate (both land and buildings) and other property of\n the Association, with the full cost of the same; and (3,) all\n property held on special deposit or in trust. This book shall\n be at all times open to the inspection of the members of the\n Executive Committee, and the record shall be so added to and\n amended, from time to time, under the direction of the Finance\n Committee, as to show at all times a correct statement of the\n property of the Association, and of any special trusts in its\n hands.\n\nThe Committee desire to say on this point that they doubt whether\nany other benevolent organization can show a more careful guarding\nof the munificence of the churches; and on the basis of increased\nwant and of larger opportunities and perfect safety, they ask that\nthe churches this year put into the hands of the management the sum\nof $300,000.\u2014_E. S. Atwood, Chairman._\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nFROM THE ADDRESS OF REV. GEO. F. STANTON.\n\n\n* * * It seems to me, sir, that, looking back over the days that\nwe have been gathered here, we have been lifted up, and I seem to\nsee to-day the prophecy of a grand increase and acquisition of\ninterest and helpfulness for this work. We have been inspired by\nthese grand addresses; we have been thrilled by them; we have been,\nas it were, lifted above our ordinary thought and feeling; and\nthe work stretches before us in grand and inspiring invitations.\nBut what, sir, shall be the return we are to make for all we have\nhere enjoyed? What is to be the result of all this inspiration and\nuplifting? What is to be the outcome of this anniversary? If we are\nto go away simply rejoicing that we have been so richly blessed\nin this fellowship and instruction, if we are to go away feeling\nsimply glad and grateful, have we met the claims of the hour?\n\nI remember the story of a brother in the African Methodist church,\nwho, whenever the contribution box was passed, was accustomed to\nshut his eyes and throw his head back and join in with all his\nzeal and all his lungs in singing the song which was usually sung\non that occasion, \u201cFly abroad, thou mighty Gospel.\u201d This went on\nfor several contributions, and then the deacon who passed the box\nthought he detected an error in all that praising and singing, and\nso he punched the brother quite pointedly with the box and said,\n\u201cJust you give something to make it fly!\u201d If we merely have the\ninspiration of this hour and it does not culminate in enlarged\ngifts for the work, if there is not a vast enlargement of the work\nupon the hands of this Association, this meeting will have been a\nfailure. It is to redeem it from that failure that this report and\nthese calls are now made.\n\nYou remember how it was when the war closed\u2014you remember what an\ninspiration swept over the land, and what enthusiasm there was\nat the very mention of the freed slave. You remember how many\nassociations and philanthropic societies, and even the Government\nitself, were enlisted in the work, and how their appeals thrilled\nthe multitudes. The picture held before us then was that of a\nslave, from whose cramped limbs the broken manacles were falling.\nWe were enthusiastic then. But to-day the same picture of the freed\nand suffering slave, and the same appeals, though with all the\nworth they had in them then, are to us only the embellishments of\nrhetoric. They have lost their force, and I am surprised at this\nwhen I look upon the vastness of the work; for, with all these\nyears of our labor, the work has outgrown and overmatched our\nefforts, and the demands upon us to-day are greater than at the\nfirst. Every appeal made to justice then is as strong to-day; every\nappeal made to philanthropy then is of equal force to-day; every\nappeal to our enthusiasm then has in it just as much of power, even\nif it is not felt, to-day.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nVOTE OF THANKS.\n\n\nResolved, that the hearty thanks of this Association be extended\nto the pastors and members of the Congregational churches, and to\nthe people of Worcester, for their cordial welcome and generous\nhospitality to the many attendants on this the thirty-fifth annual\nmeeting; in particular to the Plymouth Church and Society for the\nuse of this elegant house of worship and the convenient rooms\nconnected with it, and to the pastor, Rev. George W. Phillips,\nfor his many courteous attentions. This Association also desires\nto express its sincere thanks to the large choir, for its aid\nin the service of song; to the press, for its full reports of\nthe exercises, and for the liberality of the railroads which\nhave reduced the rates of fare over their lines. While deeply\ngrateful to the various Committees for their great work in making\nand executing wise plans for this large gathering, it wishes to\nrecognize specially the efficient services of the Rev. Chas. W.\nLamson and Samuel R. Heywood, Esq., whose wisdom and executive\nability have greatly contributed to the success of this meeting.\n\nRev. Geo. W. Phillips, pastor of the church in which the meetings\nwere held, responded to this resolution in a very felicitous\nspeech. Among other things he said:\n\nIt is evident from the numbers which have been entertained here,\nit is evident from the interest which has prevailed in all these\nassemblies, that this cause, represented by the American Missionary\nAssociation, has taken its place already fairly side by side\nwith all the other great missionary organizations and operations\nthat are under the patronage and direction of our churches. The\nWorcester which you visit at this present time is not the Worcester\nthat was here when this Society was organized. It is not the city\nthat it was when this Association held its meeting here something\nlike a score of years ago. From scarcely more than thirty thousand\nit has grown to be a city of more than sixty thousand people; and\nside by side with its growth in population we are happy to assure\nyou\u2014and I think you have seen some visible evidence of it\u2014that we\nhave kept pace with our Christianity, with our church extension.\n\nThe best meetings on earth, all meetings on earth, must have their\nend; and we are come to the last hour of the last great day of this\nAmerican Missionary Association feast. We say our good-byes; we go\nhence, each to his church, his community, his home. We shall not\nall of us meet on earth again; but it is grateful to think that by\nand by there is to be another meeting\u2014a meeting in which we shall\nno more plan for the salvation and for the moral purification of\nthis lost world, in which we shall no more seek to bring men to\nacknowledge Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour, because those\ngreat words shall have been realized, \u201cEvery knee shall bow and\nevery tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God\nthe Father.\u201d\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nECHOES OF THE ANNUAL MEETING.\n\n\n_Dr. Hartranft\u2019s Sermon._\u2014\u201cChrist stood not for any one race, but\nfor every race and every nationality, and whenever we take this cup\nwe pledge ourselves to put aside all barriers of race, all barriers\nof nationality.\u201d\n\n_Capt. Pratt._\u2014\u201cIf you wish Indians to live like citizens, you\nmust let them see how citizens live, must put them for a time in\nwell-bred communities. The kind of citizens that make free use of\nthe revolver, they know too much of.\u201d\n\n\u201cI have seen a Western village with eighty-four graves in the\ngrave-yard, and only one man died a natural death.\u201d\n\n_Dr. Brastow._\u2014\u201cDiogenes with his lantern has been 250 years\nhunting among the blacks for a man. Let this Association do its\nwork in one-fifth of that time, and Diogenes will put out his\nlantern and find his man without it.\u201d\n\n_Prof. Cyrus Northrop._\u2014\u201cYour uneducated bad man can be no worse\nthan a brute. Your educated bad man is a demon. Hence, the\neducation we give the colored man must be Christian.\u201d\n\n\u201cVotes are the impulses that every man gives to the ship of state\nin the direction of safety or of danger.\u201d\n\n_Secretary Strieby._\u2014\u201cWhen diamonds were found in Africa they\nmight, in their native condition, have been carried away by\ncart-loads without suspecting their value. It was only when they\nwere cut and polished that men knew their true value. The worth of\nthe colored people, these black diamonds, cannot be known until\nthey are educated.\u201d\n\n_Gen. Howard_ alluded to the Exposition at Atlanta where all\nkinds of _wares_ illustrating the progress of the South are now\non exhibition, and then felicitously introduced the President of\nAtlanta University as a _Ware_ that was having a wonderful effect\nupon Southern progress.\n\nWhen Mr. Wright, the colored man from Georgia, was reading his\naddress, a venerable white man, more than eighty years of age, came\nforward, and resting his elbows upon the platform at the foot of\nthe desk, with bowed head listened with rapt attention. The scene\nwas most suggestive, and in the hands of artist Rogers would make\nan admirable companion group for \u201cUncle Tom\u2019s School.\u201d\n\n_Rev. L. Dickerman_, referring to the treatment received by the\nChinese on our Western coast, exclaimed in a tone of indignation:\n\u201cI don\u2019t blame them for wanting their bones sent home when they\ndie.\u201d\n\nIn reply to the complaint that the Chinese don\u2019t assimilate with\nour people, he says: \u201cDon\u2019t assimilate? It takes two to assimilate.\nWe stone them, beat them, shoot them, kill them, and then wonder\nthey don\u2019t send straight to China for their wives and children to\ncome and enjoy this higher civilization.\u201d\n\n_Prest. E. H. Fairchild_ said that he knew of no people who\ncontribute for religious purposes so much in proportion to their\nmeans as the colored people South. \u201cThey almost universally take\ncollections every Sunday, and often twice or three times a Sunday.\nThere is no danger of their relapsing into heathenism.\u201d\n\n\u201cThis blessed Association, ... and the dear old American Board, and\nthe Home Missionary Society, thank God, are one to-day, and all\npast bitterness is forgotten.\u201d\n\n_Prest. E. H. Fairchild_ said that the anti-slavery revolution,\ndespite the indifference of some churches, was essentially a\nreligious movement, aided heartily by many right-minded men outside\nthe church, but that the few noisy infidels who denounced the Bible\nand the church \u201chad little more to do with the emancipation of the\nslaves than they now have with the education of the Freedmen.\u201d\n\nThe _Evening Gazette_, of Worcester, says: The meeting of the\nAmerican Missionary Association in this city, just ended, has been\nsingularly practical and business-like. We have the authority of\nan old reporter for saying that he has rarely heard, where there\nwas so much speaking, so little uttered that it was irrelevant or\ncommonplace. It is a good gauge of the character and intelligence\nof the six or eight hundred strangers who have been called to the\ncity during the week by this occasion.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nRECEIPTS FOR OCTOBER, 1881.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n MAINE, $584.67.\n\n Augusta. Joel Spalding. ($5 of which _for\n Indians, Hampton N. and A. Inst._) to const.\n REV. HENRY E. MOTT, L. M. $30.00\n Bangor. Hammond St. Cong. Ch., $100; First\n Cong. Ch., $20.73 120.73\n Bath. Central Ch. and Soc. 15.00\n Biddeford. Second Cong. Ch. 19.48\n Blanchard. Daniel Blanchard 10.00\n Brownville. Cong. Ch. and Soc., by the Hon. A.\n H. Morrill 100.00\n Cumberland Centre. Cong. Ch. and Soc., to\n const. B. B. SWEETSER, L. M. 50.00\n Fryeburg. Cong. Ch. 8.80\n Gardiner. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 25.00\n Hallowell. South Cong. Ch. and Soc., $42.26,\n and Sab. Sch., $25 67.26\n Hallowell. Classical Academy Bible Classes, by\n A. W. Burr, _for Atlanta U._ 25.00\n Hampden. C. E. H. 1.00\n Norridgewock. Bundle of C.\n Portland. A. A. Steel 50.00\n Portland. Bethel Ch., _for Wilmington, N.C._ 18.00\n Portland. 2 Bbls. of C., _for Wilmington,\n N.C._ South Bridgton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00\n South Freeport. Cong. Ch. and Soc., _for\n Wilmington, N.C._ 39.40\n\n\n NEW HAMPSHIRE, $280.09.\n\n Alstead Center and East Alstead. Cong.\n Churches to const. REV. GEO. A. BECKWITH, L.\n M. 33.00\n Amherst. Mr. and Mrs. Melendy and Miss Blunt,\n _for Wilmington, N.C._ 30.00\n Bennington. T. C. Whittemore, _for Student\n Aid, Atlanta U._ 40.00\n Exeter. Abby E. McIntire, _for Wilmington,\n N.C._ 5.00\n Fitzwilliam. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 20.00\n Hinsdale. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 13.68\n Keene. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 26.15\n Lyndeborough. Cong. Ch. 2.00\n Milford. Cong. Ch., bal. to const. CHARLES L.\n WALLACE, L. M. 22.31\n Nashua. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 45.73\n Nashua. Addie C. Kimball, _for Wilmington,\n N.C._ 5.00\n New Ipswich. Children\u2019s Fair 8.00\n New Market. Cong. Ch. and Soc., 10.72; T. H.\n Wiswell, $10 20.72\n Orfordville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 7.50\n Temple. S. W. C. K. 1.00\n\n\n VERMONT, $183.31.\n\n Brattleborough. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 47.19\n Chester. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 31.46\n Danville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 28.85\n Grand Isle. Cong. Ch. 4.00\n Marshfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 3.15\n Newport. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 14.55\n North Woodstock. Ladies\u2019 Benev. Soc., Bbl. of\n C.\n Putney. Cong. Ch, and Soc., ($2 of which _for\n Student Aid_) 10.48\n Saint Johnsbury. Rev. Henry Fairbanks, _for\n John Brown Steamer_ 10.00\n Saint Johnsbury. East Cong. Ch. and Soc. 7.00\n South Hero. Cong. Ch. 11.00\n Swanton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. (ad\u2019l) 1.00\n Townshend. Mrs. Anna L. Rice 5.00\n West Randolph. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.00\n Wolcott. Cong. Ch. 1.63\n\n\n MASSACHUSETTS, $8,765.82.\n\n Amesbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 12.00\n Amherst. First Ch. 25.00\n Ashby. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 11.20\n Ashland. Cong. Sab. Sch., $40.25; Miss\n Wheeler\u2019s Class, $5.50, _for Student Aid,\n Talladega C._ 45.75\n Auburndale. C. C. Burr, _for Wilmington, N.C._ 100.00\n Boston. Old South Ch. Sab. Sch., $50; \u201cA\n Friend,\u201d $5 55.00\n Boston. Chas. C. Barry, _for furnishing room,\n Stone Hall, Talladega C._ 35.00\n Boston. Miss E. K., _for Woodbridge, N.C._ 1.00\n Boston. Woman\u2019s Home Missionary Association,\n _for Lady Missionary, Green Brier, Tenn._,\n $70; North Ch. Newburyport, $35, _for Lady\n Missionary, Washington, D.C._, and to const.\n MRS. C. B. BABCOCK, L. M. 105.00\n Boxborough. Mary Stoke, $10. Cong. Ch. and\n Soc., $5 15.00\n Billerica. Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch. 7.40\n Bradford. Mrs. Sarah C. Boyd, _for Student\n Aid, Atlanta U._ 13.00\n Bradford. 2 Bbls. of C., _for Wilmington, N.C._\n Brockton. \u201cA Friend of Missions,\u201d $30, to\n const. MISS MARY ALICE COLE, L. M.; Evan.\n Cong. Ch. and Soc. (ad\u2019l), $2 32.00\n Brookfield. Evan. Cong. Ch. 75.00\n Brookline. Harvard Ch. and Soc. 72.03\n Bridgewater. Central Square Sab. Sch., _for\n furnishing room, Talladega C._ 25.00\n East Bridgewater. \u201cA Friend,\u201d $5; Mrs. J. L.\n G., 50\u00a2 5.50\n Easthampton. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 114.97\n Campello. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 45.19\n Charlton. Cong. Sab. Sch. 7.08\n Charlestown. Winthrop Ch. and Soc. 80.23\n Chester. Second Ch. and Soc. 7.00\n Cochituate. S. E. Hammond, _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 10.00\n Concord. Trin. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 30.72\n Deerfield. Orthodox Cong. Ch. and Soc., to\n const. DEA. JAMES CHILDS, L. M. 30.00\n Dorchester. Miss E. T. 0.50\n Dorchester Village. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 42.10\n Duxbury. By \u201cA. P. H.\u201d _for furnishing room,\n Talladega C._ 26.00\n Duxbury. Mrs. R. R. H. 0.50\n Framingham. Plymouth Ch. Sab. Sch. 13.65\n Framingham. Plymouth Cong. Ch. and Soc., Bbl.\n of C.\n Great Barrington. A. C. T. 1.00\n Hardwick. Cong. Ch. 6.65\n Harvard. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 43.25\n Holliston. Bible Christians of Dist. No. 4 25.00\n Jamaica Plain. Central Cong. Ch. and Soc. 712.92\n Jamaica Plain. Central Cong. Sab. Sch., _for\n furnishing room, Tillotson C. and N. Inst._ 25.00\n Lincoln. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for Student Aid,\n Atlanta. U._ 22.00\n Littleton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 36.00\n Lynn. Central Ch. and Soc. 23.00\n Ludlow. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 30.53\n Malden. Sab. Sch. by A. E. Stevens, _for\n Wilmington, N.C._ 25.00\n Mansfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 15.75\n Marblehead. Hon. J. J. H. Gregory, _for\n buildings, Wilmington, N.C._ 1,500.00\n Medfield. Ladies of Second Cong. Ch. and Soc.,\n Bbl. of C.\n Milton. E. J. McE., 50c.; E. G. McE., 50c. 1.00\n Natick. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 112.92\n North Amherst. Cong. Ch. and Soc., to const.\n MRS. LEVI E. DICKINSON and HOWARD A.\n PARSONS, L. Ms. 60.00\n Northampton. \u201cA Friend\u201d 10.00\n New Bedford. Trin. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 56.44\n Newton. Eliot Cong. Ch. and Soc. 190.00\n Newton. J. W. Davis, $50; Mrs. Mary Davis and\n Miss M. J. Davis, $50; Mrs. J. W. Davis,\n $10, _for John Brown Steamer_ 110.00\n Newton. Nellie Strong, _for Wilmington, N.C._ 5.00\n Newton Centre. Mrs. M. B. Furber, _for Student\n Aid, Atlanta U._ 100.00\n Newton Centre. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 40.71\n Newtonville. Central Cong. Ch. and Soc. 73.57\n Norfolk. W. E. C. 1.00\n Northborough. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 50.00\n North Brookfield. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 100.00\n North Chelmsford. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00\n North Leominster. Susan F. Houghton 5.00\n North Somerville. \u201cA Friend\u201d 1.00\n Norton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00\n Osterville. Mrs. C. A. L. 1.00\n Palmer. Second Ch. and Soc. 35.19\n Phillipston. Ladies of Cong. Ch. and Soc.,\n Bbl. of C.\n Pittsfield. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 50.00\n Randolph. First Cong. Ch. and Soc., $92.60,\n and Sab. Sch., $10 102.60\n Rochester. First Cong Ch. and Soc. 14.00\n Roxbury. Immanuel Ch. Sab. Sch. 14.36\n Royalston. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 18.75\n Saxonville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 34.00\n Shrewsbury. Mrs. E. C. Fales 5.00\n South Hadley. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 21.00\n South Natick. Annie Eliot Mission Circle,\n Bundle of C., Val. $16.75, _for Talladega C._\n Springfield. First Cong. Ch. and Soc., $40.85;\n South Cong. Ch. and Soc., $26.05 66.90\n Stoughton. Mrs. B. E. C. 1.00\n Taunton. Union Cong Ch. and Soc. 13.71\n Tewksbury. Ladies of Cong. Ch. and Soc., Bbl.\n of C., Val. $46.25, _for Talladega C._\n Townsend. Ladies\u2019 Benev. Soc., Bbl. of C.,\n Val. $35.75.\n Upton. L. L. L. 1.00\n Waltham. Trin. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $55; Isaac\n Warren, $10 65.00\n Walpole. Orthodox Cong. Ch. and Soc., $28.62;\n \u201cA Friend,\u201d $5 33.62\n Wareham. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 48.62\n Watertown. Phillips Ch. Sab. Sch., _for Theo.\n Student, Talladega C._ 50.00\n Westborough. Ladies\u2019 Freedmen\u2019s Mission Ass\u2019n,\n Bbl. of C., Val. $31.40, _for Wilmington,\n N.C._, and $1.50 _for freight_ 1.50\n Westborough. Freedmen\u2019s Soc., Bbl. of C., Val.\n $47.62, and $1 _for freight for Atlanta, Ga._ 1.00\n West Chesterfield. Mrs. Edward Clark 5.00\n West Brookfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 30.00\n Westfield. C. W. F. 1.00\n Westford. C. F. Keyes 12.50\n Westhampton. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $19, and Sab.\n Sch., $12.58 31.58\n West Medway. \u201cA Friend\u201d 5.00\n Westminster. \u201cE. A. W.\u201d 10.00\n Whately. Cong. Ch. 5.60\n Woburn. \u201cE. T. F.\u201d _for Talladega, Ala._ 2.00\n Worcester. Union Cong. Ch. and Soc. 170.50\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n 5,286.99\n LEGACIES.\n Brimfield. Estate of C. Solander, _for\n furnishing room, Talladega C._ 40.00\n Millbury. Estate of Asa Hayden, by D. Atwood 358.33\n Springfield. Estate of Abigail Hale, by John\n West, Executor 1,032.50\n Townsend. Estate of Mr. and Mrs. Noah Ball, 2\n Bbls. of C, Val. $61.62.\n Worcester. Estate of Rev. Moses G. Grosvenor,\n by David Manning, Adm\u2019r. 2,038.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n 8,755.82\n\n\n RHODE ISLAND, $109.80.\n\n Bristol. Mrs. Maria De W. Rogers and Miss C.\n De Wolf, _for John Brown Steamer_ 100.00\n Westerly. Cong. Ch. 9.80\n Providence. (Correction), Central Cong. Ch.\n $50; Union Ch. $25, _for Parsonage_; Ladies\n of Central Ch., Communion Set, Value $25,\n ack. in Nov. number for Talladega, Ala.,\n should read _for Florence, Ala._\n\n\n CONNECTICUT, $1,950.12.\n\n Berlin. Second Cong. Ch. 20.24\n Bridgeport. Second Cong. Sab. Sch., _for\n Tillotson C. & N. Inst._ 25.00\n Burlington. Winooski Av. Cong. Sab. Sch. 48.00\n Buckingham. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.25\n Cheshire. \u201cA Friend\u201d 20.00\n Danielsonville. \u201cA Friend,\u201d $5; Mrs. S. S. D.,\n 60c. 5.60\n East Hampton. Cong. Ch. 43.25\n Easton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.26\n Essex. First Cong. Sab. Sch. 15.00\n Farmington. Cong. Ch. ($10 of which _for ed.\n of Indians, Hampton N. and A. Inst._) 69.49\n Franklin. Cong. Ch. 10.90\n Greenwich. William Brush 100.00\n Groton. Cong. Ch. 8.15\n Guilford. Third Cong. Ch. $50.25; First Cong.\n Ch., $22 72.25\n Hanover. Ladies, 2 Barrels of C., by E. R. La\n Pierre.\n Hartford. MRS. H. W. HUTCHINSON, to const.\n herself L. M. 30.00\n Milford. Rev. Geo. H. Griffin, _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 10.00\n New Britain. First Ch. of Christ 136.03\n New Haven. Davenport Ch. Sab. Sch. _for\n furnishing a room, Tillotson C. and N. Inst._ 25.00\n New Haven. \u201cA Friend\u201d 10.00\n Norwich. Mrs. H. G. Le, _for Kansas Refugees_\n and to const. GEORGE D. COIT, L. M. 30.00\n Norwich. Buckingham Sab. Sch. 25.00\n Norwich Town. Mrs. M. A. Williams, _for John\n Brown Steamer_ 50.00\n Plainfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc., to const.\n GEORGE I. FAVOR, L. M. 34.45\n Poquonock. Cong. Ch. 16.43\n Stamford. \u201cEarnest Workers\u201d in Cong. Sab.\n Sch., _for furnishing, Tougaloo U._ 100.00\n Stonington. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 100.00\n Terryville. Elizur Fenn and Mrs. Elizur Fenn,\n $5 ea. 10.00\n Vernon. Cong. Ch. 31.96\n Watertown. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 46.09\n Westport. Amasa Warren 5.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n 1,110.35\n\n LEGACIES.\n New Milford. Estate of Jennett Force, by\n William Roberts, Ex. 739.77\n Simsbury. Estate of Thomas J. Wilcox, by\n Dudley B. McLean, Ex. 100.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n 1,950.12\n\n\n NEW YORK, $390.01.\n\n Albany. D. S. Charles, $25; C. P. Williams,\n $10; Nelson Lyon, $5; Mrs. E. J. Edwards, $5 45.00\n Brasher Falls. Elijah Wood, $15; Mrs. O. Bell,\n $2 17.00\n Hamilton. O. S. Campbell, $5; Mel Tompkins,\n $5; Mrs. E. K. P., $1 11.00\n Lysander. Cong. Ch. 60.00\n Mexico. \u201cFriends\u201d 2.00\n Mount Vernon. I. Van Santvoord 10.00\n Moravia. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.00\n Newark Valley. People of Newark Valley, 3\n Cases of C., by L. M. Smith.\n New York. H. E. Parsons, $100; Dr. A. Ball.\n $5; H. A. W., 50c. 105.50\n New York. H. C. Houghton, M.D., _for John\n Brown Steamer_ 10.00\n Penn Yan. M. Hamlin 100.00\n Schenectady. Ladies, Bbl. of C., by Rev. J. H.\n Munsell.\n Sidney Plain. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 13.51\n Sinclairville. E. C. Preston, $2; D. B. D., $1 3.00\n Syracuse. Rev. J. C. Holbrook, D.D. 5.00\n\n\n NEW JERSEY, $37.50.\n\n Bernardsville. J. L. Roberts, ($10 of which\n _for John Brown Steamer_) 35.00\n Lakewood. Mrs. E. O. L., $1; G. L., $1 2.00\n Newark. F. M. P. 0.50\n\n\n PENNSYLVANIA, $132.00.\n\n Mercer. Cong. Sab. Sch., $5; S.P. $1 6.00\n Millbrook. G. S. 1.00\n New Milford. Horace A. Summers 25.00\n West Alexander. Robert Davidson 100.00\n\n\n OHIO, $389.38.\n\n Aurora. Cong. Ch. 16.00\n Claridon. Cong Sab. Sch. 5.00\n Cleveland. Euclid Av. Cong. Ch. 25.84\n Cleveland. First Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch., $30., to\n const. MRS. HENRY M. TENNEY, L. M.; Mr. and\n Mrs. C. B. Ruggles, $20, _for Student Aid,\n Fisk U._ 50.00\n Cleveland. T. P. Handy, _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 10.00\n Columbus. Woman\u2019s Miss. Soc. of First Cong. Ch. 20.00\n East Cleveland. Mrs. Mary Walkden and Son,\n _for Chinese M._ 10.00\n Elyria. First Cong Ch. (ad\u2019l), $2; Mrs. L. T.\n 50c. 2.50\n Findlay. Cong. Ch. 12.10\n Galion. Mrs. E. C. Linsley 3.00\n Hudson. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 29.67\n Lafayette. Cong. Ch. 6.00\n Norwalk. Dea. T. L. 1.00\n Oberlin. Second Cong. Ch., $46.63; Rev. E. P.\n Barrows, D.D., $10 56.63\n Painsville. First Cong. Ch. 28.33\n Peru. \u201cFriends,\u201d _for Talladega. C._, $62.15,\n (incorrectly ack. in Oct. number from Berea).\n Springfield. First Cong. Ch. 5.31\n Sicily. Sab. Sch., by J. F. Cumberland, Supt. 2.00\n Toledo. Central Cong. Ch. 10.00\n Toledo. Edison Allen, _for a Teacher_ 5.00\n Wellington. First Cong. Ch. 50.00\n Yellow Springs. G. Garrison 5.00\n Youngstown. Welsh Cong. Ch. 16.00\n York. Cong. Ch. 20.00\n\n\n INDIANA, $20.00.\n\n Fort Wayne. Plymouth Cong. Ch. 20.00\n\n\n ILLINOIS, $1,588.64.\n\n Chicago. D. R. Holt, _for John Brown Steamer_ 10.00\n Dover. Woman\u2019s Miss. Soc. 5.00\n Elgin. Cong. Ch. 63.34\n Kewanee. Cong. Ch. 100.00\n Galva. Cong. Ch. 13.63\n Granville. \u201cMerry Workers,\u201d by Emma J. Colby,\n _for furnishing room, Stone Hall, Straight\n U._ 30.00\n Greenville. Rev. M. A. Crawford 5.00\n Mendon. Mrs. J. Fowler, _for recitation room,\n Tillotson C. and N. Inst._ 125.00\n Mendon. Mrs. C. T. 1.00\n Milburn. Woman\u2019s Miss. Soc., _for Lady\n Missionary Mobile, Ala._ 40.00\n Morrison. James Snyder, _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 10.00\n Peoria. Cong. Ch. $102.59; Rev. A. A. Stevens,\n $5 107.59\n Princeton. Cong. Ch. 42.40\n Shabbona. Cong. Ch., to const. DEA. C. W.\n QUILHOT L. M. 35.68\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n 588.64\n\n LEGACY.\n Joliet. Legacy of Jonathan Hagar, by E. C.\n Hagar 1,000.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n 1,588.64\n\n\n MICHIGAN, $102.15.\n\n Almont. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 23.85\n Amsden. Mrs. A. H. Spencer 5.00\n Battle Creek. Mrs. H. L. Root, _for Indian M._ 5.00\n Battle Creek. Dr. J. B. Chapin and Wife 3.00\n Chase. First Cong. Ch. 3.00\n Edwardsburgh. S. C. Olmstead 25.00\n Grand Rapids. South Cong. Ch. 4.80\n Northport. Mrs. A. M. 0.50\n Romeo. Miss T. S. Clarke, to const. MRS. J. W.\n CLARKE, L. M. 30.00\n Tustin. First Cong. Ch. 2.00\n\n\n WISCONSIN, $158.09.\n\n Beloit. Rev. J. P. Chamberlain 5.00\n Emerald Grove. Cong. Ch. 13.24\n Fond du Lac. Cong. Ch. 10.00\n Fort Atkinson. P. T. Gunnison, $10; Wm.\n Armstrong, $2 12.00\n La Crosse. First Cong. Ch. 92.50\n Raymond. Cong. Ch. 5.00\n Rio. Cong. Ch. 2.45\n Ripon. Bertie Ladd Fowle, _proceeds of\n Missionary Garden_ 0.50\n Whitewater. By Ella A. Hamilton, _for Le Moyne\n Sch._ 13.00\n Wyocena. Cong. Ch. 4.40\n\n\n IOWA, $185.27.\n\n Cherokee. Cong. Ch. 9.24\n Cherokee County. Second Cong. Ch. 4.74\n Columbus City. Sarah E. Evans 5.00\n Dubuque. Cong. Ch. 13.00\n De Witt. Cong. Ch. 7.02\n Grinnell. By Mary R. Magoun, _for Le Moyne\n Sch._ 12.00\n Grinnell. \u201cF. P. B.\u201d 2.50\n Hillsborough. John W. Hammond 5.00\n Iowa City. Mrs. M. S. Thatcher, deceased, _for\n Lady Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 5.00\n Keosaugua. Cong. Sab. Sch. 5.00\n Maquoketa. Ladies, _for Lady Missionary, New\n Orleans, La._ 3.00\n McGregor. Woman\u2019s Missionary Soc., _for Lady\n Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 14.29\n Meriden. Cong. Ch. 5.52\n Waterloo. First Cong. Ch. 11.58\n Stacyville. Cong. Ch. 16.88\n \u2014\u2014 Ladies of Cong. Ch\u2019s: Council Bluffs $20;\n Fairfax, $3; Fontanelle, $12; Red Oak, $14;\n Tabor, $16.50; by Mrs. Henry L. Chase, _for\n Lady Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 65.50\n\n\n MINNESOTA, $40.33.\n\n Glyndon. Mrs. S. N. M. 0.50\n Hastings. D. B. Truax 5.00\n Hutchinson. Cong. Ch. 1.75\n Lake City. J. P. 1.00\n Minneapolis. Plymouth Ch., $29.68; Second\n Cong. Ch., $2.40 32.08\n\n\n NEBRASKA, $52.20.\n\n Red Cloud. Cong. Ch. 2.20\n Red Willow. \u201cA Friend,\u201d _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 50.00\n\n\n MISSOURI, $1.50.\n\n Amity. Miss M. M. 1.00\n Jefferson City. E. L. A. 0.50\n\n\n COLORADO, $5.00.\n\n Colorado Springs. Rev. E. N. Bartlett 5.00\n\n\n CALIFORNIA, $1,464.40.\n\n San Francisco. Receipts of the California\n Chinese Mission 1,464.40\n\n\n OREGON, $15.65.\n\n The Dalles. First Cong. Ch. 15.65\n\n\n DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, $98.00.\n\n Washington. First Cong. Ch., $88; Mrs. Abby N.\n Bailey, $10 98.00\n\n\n NORTH CAROLINA, $154.90.\n\n Highlands. Mr. & Mrs. John P. McClearie, _for\n Talladega, Ala._ 5.00\n Wilmington. \u201cFriends,\u201d by Miss H. L. Pitts,\n $75; \u201cFriends\u201d by Miss E. A. Warner, $69.90;\n \u201cFriends,\u201d by Miss A. E. Farrington, $5;\n _for Wilmington N.C._ 149.90\n\n\n GEORGIA, $43.00.\n\n Athens. Wm. A. Pledger, _for Atlanta U._ 2.00\n Macon. Cong. Ch. 5.00\n Owen\u2019s Ferry. Hon. A. Wilson, _for Student\n Aid, Atlanta U._ 16.00\n Savannah. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for Student Aid,\n Atlanta U._ 20.00\n\n\n MISSISSIPPI, $10.00.\n\n Jackson. Selina Williams, _for furnishing\n Tougaloo U._ 5.00\n Tougaloo. Tougaloo U., Tuition 5.00\n\n\n TEXAS, $0.24.\n\n Whitman. Mrs. L. H. 0.24\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n Total $16,752.07\n ==========\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n RECEIPTS OF THE CALIFORNIA CHINESE MISSION.\n\n _From May 18 to Sept. 10, 1881._\n\n E. PALACHE, _Treasurer_.\n\n I. From Auxiliary Missions, viz.:\n Marysville\u2014Chinese: Monthly offerings, $32.10;\n Annual members, $18.00. Americans: One\n annual member, $2.00; Cash, $1.00 $55.10\n Oroville\u2014Chinese: Monthly offerings, $9.85;\n Annual members, $12.00. Americans: Four\n Annual members, $8.00 29.85\n Petaluma\u2014Anniversary collection, $5.85. Annual\n Members: Chinese, $16.00; Americans, $2.00 23.85\n Sacramento\u2014Anniversary col., $9.20; Annual\n members, $36.00; Chinese monthly offerings,\n $25.50 70.70\n Santa Barbara\u2014Chinese offerings, $24.00; Rev.\n S. R. Weldon, $5.00; Mrs. Josiah Bates,\n $4.20; Capt. C. P. Low, $3.00; Annual\n members, $12.00 48.20\n Santa Cruz\u2014Chinese monthly offerings 9.00\n Stockton\u2014Anniversary collection, $7.95; Cash,\n $3.00; Annual members, $36.00; Chinese\n monthly offerings, $12.00 58.95\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n Total 295.65\n\n II. From Churches:\n Benicia\u2014Cong. Church (Mrs. N. P. S.) 0.60\n Berkley\u2014Cong. Church $17.00; Sunday-school,\n five annual members, $10 27.00\n Oakland\u2014First Cong. Ch., three annual members 6.50\n Riverside\u2014Cong. Ch. 13.15\n San Francisco\u20141st Cong. Ch. col. 30.00\n San Francisco\u2014Bethany Church (H. C. George,\n Mrs. Fitzgerald, Mrs. S. C. Hazelton, Miss\n Jessie S. Worley, Miss Nellie Palache, Mrs.\n S. E. Meacham, E. Palache, G. W. Webber, J.\n A. Snook, $3.00 each; J. F. Crosett, $2.50;\n Miss Hattie C. Baker, $5.00; to const. nine\n annual members, and in part to const. Mrs.\n Jane C. Snook a L. M., $34.50. Miss E. N.\n Worley, to const. herself a L. M., $25.00.\n Ten American annual members, $20.00. Hoo\n Hing, Wong Chung, Lon Quong, Leang Folk, Ny\n Gong, Chung Toi, Wong Gen, Jee San Quock,\n Jue Woon, Soo Ming, Lee Yick, Hoo Ping, Jee\n Hin, Jee Fon Shing, Lue Lune, Yung Yem Kwai,\n Hong Sing, $3.00 each; to const. themselves\n annual members, and in part to const. Miss\n Jessie S. Worley a L. M., $51.00. Dea. S.\n Woo and Jee Gam, for same purpose, $1.00\n each, $2.00. Dea. S. Woo, $8.50 and Jee Gam,\n $7.50 in part for L. M\u2019s. Twenty-six Chinese\n annual members, $52.00) 200.50\n Sonoma\u2014Cong. Church col. 6.00\n Soquel\u2014Cong. Church, Rev. A. L. Rankin annual\n member 2.00\n Suisun\u2014Cong. Church col. 3.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n Total $288.75\n\n III. From individual donors:\n Messrs. Parrot & Co., $50; Hon. F. F. Low,\n $25; J. J. Felt, $25; Messrs. Tabor, Harker\n & Co., $25; Messrs. Macondray & Co., $25; E.\n Ransome & Co., $25; Rogers, Meyer & Co.,\n $25; Williams, Dimond & Co., $25; Cash, W.\n T. C., $25; John F. Merrill, $26; Rev.\n Joseph Rowell, $20; Messrs. C. A. Low & Co.,\n $20; R. P. Tenney, $10; E. W. Playter, $10.\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n Total $355.00\n IV. From Eastern Friends:\n Bangor, Me.\u2014Miss L. M. Benson 10.00\n Bangor, Me.\u2014Hon. J. B. Foster 50.00\n Amherst, Mass.\u2014Mrs. R. A. Lester, $102; Mrs.\n W. S. Clark, $50; Mrs. Olive G. Stearns,\n $10; Mrs. W. S. Tyler, $5; Mrs. P. Hickok,\n $5; Mrs. E. Tuckerman, $5; Mrs. T. Field, $3 180.00\n Ware, Mass.\u2014East Cong. S. S. 50.00\n New York, N.Y.\u2014A. S. Barnes 150.00\n Atlanta, Ga.\u2014Teachers and Students in Atlanta\n University 85.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n Total 525.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n Grand total $1,464.40\n =========\n\n H. W. HUBBARD, _Treas._,\n 56 Reade Street, N.Y.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nConstitution of the American Missionary Association.\n\nINCORPORATED JANUARY 30, 1849.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nART. I. This Society shall be called \u201cTHE AMERICAN MISSIONARY\nASSOCIATION.\u201d\n\nART. II. The object of this Association shall be to conduct\nChristian missionary and educational operations, and diffuse a\nknowledge of the Holy Scriptures in our own and other countries\nwhich are destitute of them, or which present open and urgent\nfields of effort.\n\nART. III. Any person of evangelical sentiments,[A] who professes\nfaith in the Lord Jesus Christ, who is not a slaveholder, or in the\npractice of other immoralities, and who contributes to the funds,\nmay become a member of the Society; and by the payment of thirty\ndollars, a life member; provided that children and others who have\nnot professed their faith may be constituted life members without\nthe privilege of voting.\n\nART. IV. This Society shall meet annually, in the month of\nSeptember, October or November, for the election of officers and\nthe transaction of other business, at such time and place as shall\nbe designated by the Executive Committee.\n\nART. V. The annual meeting shall be constituted of the regular\nofficers and members of the Society at the time of such meeting,\nand of delegates from churches, local missionary societies,\nand other co-operating bodies, each body being entitled to one\nrepresentative.\n\nART. VI. The officers of the Association shall be a President,\nVice-Presidents, Corresponding Secretaries, (who shall also keep\nthe records of the Association,) Treasurer, Auditors, and an\nExecutive Committee of not less than twelve members.\n\nART. VII. To the Executive Committee shall belong the collecting\nand disbursing of funds; the appointing, counseling, sustaining and\ndismissing missionaries and agents; the selection of missionary\nfields; and, in general, the transaction of all such business\nas usually appertains to the executive committees of missionary\nand other benevolent societies; the Committee to exercise no\necclesiastical jurisdiction over the missionaries; and its doings\nto be subject always to the revision of the annual meeting, which\nshall, by a reference mutually chosen, always entertain the\ncomplaints of any aggrieved agent or missionary; and the decision\nof such reference shall be final.\n\nThe Executive Committee shall have authority to fill all vacancies\noccurring among the officers between the regular annual meetings;\nto apply, if they see fit, to any State Legislature for acts of\nincorporation; to fix the compensation, where any is given, of all\nofficers, agents, missionaries, or others in the employment of the\nSociety; to make provision, if any, for disabled missionaries, and\nfor the widows and children of such as are deceased; and to call,\nin all parts of the country, at their discretion, special and\ngeneral conventions of the friends of missions, with a view to the\ndiffusion of the missionary spirit, and the general and vigorous\npromotion of the missionary work.\n\nFive members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum for\ntransacting business.\n\nART. VIII. Missionary bodies, churches or individuals agreeing to\nthe principles of this society, and wishing to appoint and sustain\nmissionaries of their own, shall be entitled to do so through the\nagency of the Executive Committee, on terms mutually agreed upon.\n\nART. IX. No amendment shall be made to this Constitution without\nthe concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at a regular\nannual meeting; nor unless the proposed amendment has been\nsubmitted to a previous meeting, or to the Executive Committee in\nseason to be published by them (as it shall be their duty to do, if\nso submitted) in the regular official notifications of the meeting.\n\nFOOTNOTE:\n\n[A] By evangelical sentiments, we understand, among others, a\nbelief in the guilty and lost condition of all men without a\nSaviour; the Supreme Deity, Incarnation, and Atoning Sacrifice\nof Jesus Christ, the only Saviour of the world; the necessity\nof regeneration by the Holy Spirit; repentance, faith, and holy\nobedience in order to salvation; the immorality of the soul; and\nthe retributions of the judgement in the eternal punishment of the\nwicked, and salvation of the righteous.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\n The Best Weekly Newspaper.\n\n\nJudging by the letters received from very many of our subscribers\n(numbering nearly =_75,000_=, scattered all over the Union), they\nthink the\n\n\n _NEW YORK WEEKLY WITNESS_\n\n The Best Family Paper they ever saw.\n\n\nIt combines the excellencies of a secular newspaper and a Religious\nand Temperance journal, and has some unique features. One of these\nis two or three columns weekly of Letters from Ladies on Social\nand Domestic Topics, and a column of Letters from Children. These\nletters come from nearly every State in the Union, as also letters\nfrom many new States and Territories, describing their advantages\nfor settlers. It has\n\n Religious and Temperance Stories,\n Excellent Sabbath-school Lesson for the Young,\n Prices Current, Financial Reports,\n Farm and Garden Notes,\n\nand copious Extracts from the leading Daily Papers for the older\nmembers of the family. The Editorial Department never fails to bear\na distinct testimony for Christ. Evangelical Religion, and Justice\nto all Races, and against all the Works of Satan, especially the\nUse of Intoxicating Drinks and Tobacco, Sabbath-Breaking and other\npopular forms of evil. It takes a deep interest in the Independent\nCatholic Church, the Freedmen, and the Prohibition Question.\n\n\n The Price is $1.50 per annum, or a Club of Five for $6.00.\n\n _IT WILL BE SENT ON TRIAL THREE MONTHS FOR 25 CENTS._\n\n\nAny one sending us $2.00 for WITNESS and SABBATH READING will\nreceive, free by mail, a copy of\n\n \u201c_IN THE VOLUME OF THE BOOK_,\u201d\n\n By REV. GEORGE F. PENTECOST.\n\n\n JOHN DOUGALL & CO.,\n 17 to 21 Vandewater Street. N.Y.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\n_The American Missionary Association._\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nAIM AND WORK.\n\nTo preach the Gospel to the poor. It originated in a sympathy with\nthe almost friendless slaves. Since Emancipation it has devoted its\nmain efforts to preparing the FREEDMEN for their duties as citizens\nand Christians in America, and as missionaries in Africa. As\nclosely related to this, it seeks to benefit the caste-persecuted\nCHINESE in America, and to co-operate with the Government in its\nhumane and Christian policy toward the INDIANS. It has also a\nmission in AFRICA.\n\n\nSTATISTICS.\n\nCHURCHES: _In the South_\u2014In District of Columbia, 1; Virginia, 1;\nNorth Carolina, 6; South Carolina, 2; Georgia, 13; Kentucky, 7;\nTennessee, 4; Alabama, 14; Kansas, 1; Arkansas, 1; Louisiana, 18;\nMississippi, 4; Texas, 6. _Africa_, 3. _Among the Indians_, 1.\nTotal, 82.\n\nINSTITUTIONS FOUNDED, FOSTERED OR SUSTAINED IN THE\nSOUTH.\u2014_Chartered_: Hampton, Va.; Berea, Ky.; Talladega, Ala.;\nAtlanta, Ga.; Nashville, Tenn.; Tougaloo, Miss.; New Orleans, La.;\nand Austin, Texas\u20148. _Graded or Normal Schools_: at Wilmington,\nN.C.; Charleston, Greenwood, S.C.; Savannah, Macon, Atlanta, Ga.;\nMontgomery, Mobile, Athens, Selma, Ala.; Memphis, Tenn.\u201411. _Other\nSchools_, 35. Total, 54.\n\nTEACHERS, MISSIONARIES AND ASSISTANTS.\u2014Among the Freedmen, 319;\namong the Chinese, 28; among the Indians, 9; in Africa, 13. Total,\n369. STUDENTS\u2014In Theology, 104; Law, 29; in College Course, 91;\nin other studies, 8,884. Total, 9,108. Scholars taught by former\npupils of our schools, estimated at 150,000. INDIANS under the care\nof the Association, 13,000.\n\n\nWANTS.\n\n1. A steady INCREASE of regular income to keep pace with the\ngrowing work. This increase can only be reached by _regular_ and\n_larger_ contributions from the churches, the feeble as well as the\nstrong.\n\n2. ADDITIONAL BUILDINGS for our higher educational institutions, to\naccommodate the increasing numbers of students; MEETING HOUSES for\nthe new churches we are organizing; MORE MINISTERS, cultured and\npious, for these churches.\n\n3. HELP FOR YOUNG MEN, to be educated as ministers here and\nmissionaries to Africa\u2014a pressing want.\n\nBefore sending boxes, always correspond with the nearest A. M. A.\noffice as below:\n\n NEW YORK H. W. Hubbard, Esq., Treasurer, 56 Reade Street.\n BOSTON Rev. C. L. Woodworth, Dis\u2019t Sec., Room 21 Congregational\n House.\n CHICAGO Rev. Jas. Powell, Dis\u2019t Sec., 112 West Washington Street.\n\n\nMAGAZINE.\n\nThis Magazine will be sent gratuitously, if desired, to the\nMissionaries of the Association; to Life Members; to all Clergymen\nwho take up collections for the Association; to Superintendents of\nSabbath-schools; to College Libraries; to Theological Seminaries;\nto Societies of Inquiry on Missions; and to every donor who does\nnot prefer to take it as a subscriber, and contributes in a year\nnot less than five dollars.\n\nThose who wish to remember the AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION in\ntheir last Will and Testament are earnestly requested to use the\nfollowing\n\n\nFORM OF A BEQUEST.\n\n\u201cI BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of \u2014\u2014 dollars, in\ntrust, to pay the same in \u2014\u2014 days after my decease to the person\nwho, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the\n\u2018American Missionary Association\u2019 of New York City, to be applied,\nunder the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association,\nto its charitable uses and purposes.\u201d\n\nThe Will should be attested by three witnesses (in some States\nthree are required, in other States only two), who should write\nagainst their names their places of residence (if in cities,\ntheir street and number). The following form of attestation will\nanswer for every State in the Union: \u201cSigned, sealed, published\nand declared by the said (A. B.) as his last Will and Testament,\nin presence of us, who, at the request of the said A. B., and in\nhis presence, and in the presence of each other, have hereunto\nsubscribed our names as witnesses.\u201d In some States it is required\nthat the Will should be made at least two months before the death\nof the testator.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nDAVID H. GILDERSLEEVE, PRINTER, 101 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber\u2019s Notes:\n\n\nObvious printer\u2019s punctuation errors have been corrected. Spelling\ndifferences which could have been correct at the period are\nretained.\n\nDitto marks have been replaced with the text they represent in order\nto facilitate eBook formatting.\n\nOn page 366, \u201cdissappointed\u201d changed to \u201cdisappointed\u201d (we were not\ndisappointed).\n\nOn page 383, \u201cmeas\u201d completed to form \u201cmeasure:\u201d","title":"The American Missionary \u2014 Volume 35, No. 12, December, 1881","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":42262}