{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_56904/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_56904","id":"gutenberg_56904","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/56904","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Law & Criminology","Category: Religion/Spirituality","Category: Sociology","Charities -- Periodicals","Prisons -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Larry B. Harrison, Wayne Hammond and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This\nbook was produced from images made available by the\nHathiTrust Digital Library.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n  NEW SERIES      NUMBER 40\n\n  THE JOURNAL\n  OF\n  PRISON DISCIPLINE\n  AND\n  PHILANTHROPY\n\n  PUBLISHED ANNUALLY\n\n  UNDER THE DIRECTION OF \u201cTHE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY.\u201d\n  INSTITUTED MAY 8th, 1787.\n\n  JANUARY, 1901.\n\n  OFFICE: STATE HOUSE ROW\n  S. W. CORNER FIFTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS\n  PHILADELPHIA, PA.\n\n\n\n\nCONSTITUTION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY.\n\n\nWhen we consider that the obligations of benevolence, which are\nfounded on the precept and examples of the Author of Christianity,\nare not cancelled by the follies or crimes of our fellow-creatures,\nand when we reflect upon the miseries, which penury, hunger, cold,\nunnecessary severity, unwholesome apartments, and guilt (the usual\nattendants of prisons) involve with them, it becomes us to extend\nour compassion to that part of mankind who are the subjects of those\nmiseries. By the aid of humanity their undue and illegal sufferings may\nbe prevented; the link which should bind the whole family of mankind\ntogether, under all circumstances, be preserved unbroken; and such\ndegree and modes of punishment may be discovered and suggested as may,\ninstead of continuing habits of vice, become the means of restoring\nour fellow-creatures to virtue and happiness. From a conviction of\nthe truth and obligations of these principles, the subscribers have\nassociated themselves under the title of \u201cTHE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON\nSOCIETY.\u201d\n\nFor effecting these purposes they have adopted the following\nCONSTITUTION:\n\n\nARTICLE I.\n\nThe officers of the Society shall consist of a President, two\nVice-Presidents, two Secretaries, a Treasurer, who may be an undoubted\nfirst-class Trust and Safe Deposit Company, regularly chartered by\nthe State or national authorities; two Counsellors, and an Acting\nCommittee; all of whom shall first be nominated as suitable by the\n\u201cCommittee on Membership in the Acting Committee,\u201d a standing committee\nof that body. They shall be chosen by ballot at the annual meeting\nof the Society to be held on the fourth Thursday in the First month\n(January) of each year, and shall continue in office until their\nsuccessors are elected.\n\nNo person shall be placed in nomination for officers of the Society, or\nas a member of the Acting Committee who shall not have been previously\nappointed by a standing committee of the Acting Committee called \u201cThe\nCommittee on Membership in the Acting Committee.\u201d A majority of the\nwhole number of votes cast shall be required to elect any nominee.\n\nIn case an election for any cause shall not then be held, it shall be\nthe duty of the President to call a special meeting of the Society,\nwithin thirty days, for the purpose of holding such election, of which\nat least three days\u2019 notice shall be given.\n\n\nARTICLE II.\n\nThe President shall preside in all Meetings, and subscribe all public\nacts of the Society. He may call special meetings whenever he may\ndeem it expedient, and shall do so when requested in writing by five\nmembers. In his absence one of the Vice-Presidents may act in his place.\n\n\nARTICLE III.\n\nThe Secretaries shall keep fair records of the proceedings of the\nSociety, and shall conduct its correspondence.\n\n\nARTICLE IV.\n\nThe Treasurer shall keep the moneys and securities, and pay all orders\nof the Society, or of the Acting Committee signed by the presiding\nofficer and the Secretary, and shall present a statement of the\nreceipts and expenditures at each stated meeting of the Society, and an\nAnnual Report at the annual meeting in the First month (January).\n\nAll investments and re-investments shall be made by the Treasurer only\nwith the advice and consent of a majority of the members of the Finance\nCommittee of the Acting Committee.\n\nAll bequests and life subscriptions shall be safely invested, only the\nincome thereof to be applied to the current expenses of the Society.\n\n  [CONTINUED ON THIRD PAGE OF COVER.]\n\n[Illustration: OFFICE OF THE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY, Fifth and\nChestnut Sts., Philadelphia.]\n\n\n\n\n  NEW SERIES      NUMBER 40\n\n  THE JOURNAL\n  OF\n  PRISON DISCIPLINE\n  AND\n  PHILANTHROPY\n\n  PUBLISHED ANNUALLY\n\n  UNDER THE DIRECTION OF \u201cTHE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY.\u201d\n  INSTITUTED MAY 8TH, 1787.\n\n  JANUARY, 1901.\n\n  OFFICE: STATE HOUSE ROW\n  S. W. CORNER FIFTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS\n  PHILADELPHIA, PA.\n\n\n\n\n  THE\n\n  PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY\n\n  (FORMERLY CALLED THE PHILADELPHIA SOCIETY FOR ALLEVIATING\n  THE MISERIES OF PUBLIC PRISONS.)\n\n  Place of Meeting, State House Row, Philadelphia.\n  S. W. Cor. Fifth and Chestnut Sts.\n\n\nAt the 114th Annual Meeting of \u201cTHE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY,\u201d held\non the evening of the First month (January) 24th, 1901, the Editorial\nBoard (appointed to take charge of the Journal and papers and the\nAnnual Report), consisting of REV. R. HEBER BARNES, CHARLES M. MORTON,\nJOHN J. LYTLE, REV. H. CRESSON MCHENRY and REV. GEORGE A. LATIMER,\npresented the draft of the Annual Report.\n\nThe Society directed the Editorial Board to print 5000 copies, and to\nmake such alterations and additions as they thought proper.\n\nThe report to be signed by the President and Secretary.\n\n  JOHN J. LYTLE, _Secretary_.\n\n Editorial Board for 1901: REV. R. HEBER BARNES, Chairman; CHARLES M.\n MORTON, JOHN J. LYTLE, REV. H. CRESSON MCHENRY, REV. GEORGE A. LATIMER.\n\n Persons receiving the Journal are invited to correspond with, and\n send any publications on Prison and Prison Discipline, and articles\n for the Journal, to the Chairman of the Editorial Board, 600 North\n Thirty-second Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or to the General Secretary,\n Philadelphia, S. W. cor. Fifth and Chestnut Streets.\n\n \ud83d\udc49 JOHN J. LYTLE, Office S. W. cor. Fifth and Chestnut Streets,\n Philadelphia, is the General Secretary of the Society, giving especial\n attention to the Eastern Penitentiary.\n\n \ud83d\udc49 J. J. CAMP, Agent for County Prison, appointed by the Inspectors,\n acts under their direction, and aids the Prison Society.\n\n \ud83d\udc49 FREDERICK J. POOLEY is Agent for the County Prison, appointed by the\n Prison Society.\n\n\n\n\nOFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1901.\n\n\n  _President_:\n\n  CALEB J. MILNE.\n\n  _Vice Presidents_:\n\n  REV. HERMAN L. DUHRING, D.D.,      GEORGE W. HALL.\n\n  _Treasurer_:\n\n  CHARLES M. MORTON.\n\n  _Secretaries_:\n\n  JOHN J. LYTLE,      FREDERICK J. POOLEY.\n\n  _Counselors_:\n\n  HON. WM. N. ASHMAN,       HENRY S. CATTELL.\n\n_Members of the Acting Committee_:\n\n  William Ingram,        Rev. William S. Neill,    Rev. Joseph Welch,\n  Leonard N. Walker,     William T. W. Jester,     Joseph C. Noblit,\n  P. H. Spellissy,       Deborah C. Leeds,         Miss C. V. Hodges,\n  John H. Dillingham,    Rev. Robert W. Forsyth,   Joseph Hill Brinton,\n  John Woolman,          George Guest Williams,    Rebecca P. Latimer,\n  Dr. Emily J. Ingram,   Thomas B. Watson,         Rev. Floyd W. Tomkins,\n  Wm. Scattergood,       Mrs. Horace Fassett,      Rev. Wm. T. S. Lumbar,\n  Mrs. P. W. Lawrence,   Rev. H. Cresson McHenry,  Randolph H. Chappel,\n  Mary S. Whelen,        Esther Strawbridge,       Rev. Michael Zara,\n  Isaac Slack,           William F. Overman,       William F. Schwartz,\n  William Koelle,        Rev. John Moncure,        Charles F. Cripps,\n  Rev. R. Heber Barnes,  J. Albert Koons,          Harry Kennedy,\n  Rev. Geo. A. Latimer,  Lindley H. Bedell,        Catharine M. Shipley,\n  Dr. Wm. C. Stokes,     Samuel L. Whitson,        Layyah A. Barakat,\n  J. Henry Bartlett,     George R. Meloney,        Rev. J. F. Ohl,\n  Rev. Joseph J. Camp,   Walter Crossing,          William E. Tatum.\n\n_Visiting Committee, the Eastern State Penitentiary_:\n\n Charles M. Morton, Rev. Robert W. Forsyth, Joseph Hill Brinton, Rev.\n H. L. Duhring, George Guest Williams, Rebecca P. Latimer, John J.\n Lytle, Thomas B. Watson, Rev. Floyd W. Tomkins, Leonard N. Walker,\n Mrs. Horace Fassett, Rev. Wm. T. S. Lumbar, P. H. Spellissy, Rev.\n H. Cresson McHenry, Randolph H. Chappel, John H. Dillingham, Esther\n Strawbridge, Rev. Michael Zara, Mary S. Whelen, William F. Overman,\n William F. Schwartz, Isaac Slack, J. Albert Koons, Charles F. Cripps,\n William Koelle, Lindley H. Bedell, Harry Kennedy, Rev. R. Heber\n Barnes, Samuel L. Whitson, Catharine M. Shipley, Rev. Geo. A. Latimer,\n George R. Meloney, Layyah A. Barakat, Dr. Wm. C. Stokes, Walter\n Crossing, Rev. J. F. Ohl, J. Henry Bartlett, Rev. Joseph Welch, Rev.\n William S. Neill, William T. W. Jester, Joseph C. Noblit, William E.\n Tatum.\n\n_Visiting Committee, the Philadelphia County Prisons_:\n\n  George W. Hall,       Mary S. Whelen,         Mrs. Horace Fassett,\n  William Ingram,       Frederick J. Pooley,    Rev. John Moncure,\n  John Woolman,         Rev. Joseph J. Camp,    Miss C. V. Hodges,\n  Mrs. P. W. Lawrence,  Rev. William S. Neill,  Catharine M. Shipley,\n  P. H. Spellissy,      William T. W. Jester,   Layyah A. Barakat.\n                        Deborah C. Leeds,\n\n\n\n\nCOMMITTEES OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1901.\n\n\n  _Visiting Committee to Chester County Prison._\n\n  WILLIAM SCATTERGOOD.\n\n  _Visiting Committee to Delaware County Prison, and the Counties of the\n  State at Large._\n\n  DEBORAH C. LEEDS.\n\n  _Visiting Committee, the House of Correction._\n\n  LINDLEY H. BEDELL,\n  MARY S. WHELEN,\n  WM. T. W. JESTER,\n  REV. WM. S. NEILL,\n  DEBORAH C. LEEDS,\n  JOHN WOOLMAN,\n  REV. JOHN MONCURE,\n  REV. H. CRESSON McHENRY,\n  CATHARINE M. SHIPLEY,\n  LAYYAH A. BARAKAT.\n\n\nSTANDING COMMITTEES.\n\n  _Library._\n\n  LINDLEY H. BEDELL,\n  FREDERICK J. POOLEY,\n  WILLIAM INGRAM.\n\n  _Accounts._\n\n  JOSEPH C. NOBLIT,\n  WILLIAM F. OVERMAN,\n  THOMAS B. WATSON.\n\n  _Membership in the Acting Committee._\n\n  JOHN J. LYTLE,\n  DR. WM. C. STOKES,\n  GEORGE W. HALL,\n  J. HENRY BARTLETT,\n  REV. H. CRESSON McHENRY.\n\n  _Finance._\n\n  REV. R. HEBER BARNES,\n  JOHN J. LYTLE,\n  CHARLES M. MORTON,\n  GEORGE W. HALL,\n  LINDLEY H. BEDELL.\n\n  _Memorials of Deceased Members._\n\n  REV. GEORGE A. LATIMER,\n  REV. JOHN MONCURE.\n\n  _Aid and Employment of Discharged Prisoners._\n\n  ISAAC SLACK,\n  REV. HERMAN L. DUHRING,\n  REV. JOSEPH WELCH,\n  WILLIAM KOELLE,\n  CHARLES F. CRIPPS,\n  F. J. POOLEY,\n  MRS. P. W. LAWRENCE,\n  MRS. HORACE FASSETT,\n  REV. WM. S. NEILL,\n  MISS C. V. HODGES.\n\n  _Police Matrons at Station Houses._\n\n  DR. EMILY J. INGRAM,\n  MARY S. WHELEN,\n  MRS. P. W. LAWRENCE.\n\n  _Editorial, of the Journal._\n\n  REV. R. HEBER BARNES,\n  JOHN J. LYTLE,\n  CHARLES M. MORTON,\n  REV. H. CRESSON McHENRY,\n  REV. GEO. A. LATIMER.\n\n  _Auditing Committee._\n\n  REV. R. HEBER BARNES,\n  LINDLEY H. BEDELL,\n  GEORGE W. HALL.\n\n\n\n\nTABLE OF CONTENTS.\n\n\n                                                                  PAGE\n\n  Twentieth Century View of the Public Mind                          7\n  Reformation of Prisoners; Change of Sentiment                      7\n  The Eastern State Penitentiary                                     8\n  Parole and Indeterminate Sentence                                  8\n  Acting Committee Work; Official Visitors                           9\n  Prison Agent; Care of Discharged Prisoners                         9\n  Philadelphia County Prison, Moyamensing                           10\n       \u201c         \u201c       \u201c    Woman\u2019s Ward and Work                 11\n       \u201c         \u201c       \u201c    Annex, Holmesburg Junction            11\n  House of Correction, Holmesburg Junction                          12\n  Juvenile Offenders, and this City\u2019s Cost of Crime                 13\n  Police Matrons; Needs of a Woman\u2019s Reformatory                    14\n\n\n  REPORT OF GENERAL SECRETARY.\n\n  General Work and Observation                                      15\n  Correspondence and Work of the Acting Committee                   16\n  The Eastern State Penitentiary, Relief of the Discharged          17\n  Silent Teachers; Cases of Interest                                18\n  The Officers                                                      20\n  Philadelphia County Prison and Annex                              20\n  Some Cases of Interest                                            21\n  Chester County Prison, Delaware County Prison, and others         22\n  Statistics of Visitations to Prisoners                            22\n  Police Matrons                                                    23\n  In Memoriam, Henry M. Laing, late Treasurer                       24\n\n\n  GATHERED FROM REPORTS AND OTHER SOURCES.\n\n  Change of Treatment Urged--State N. Y.                            25\n  State Prison Dilemma                                              27\n  How to Deal With Wicked Men                                       27\n  Where Death Penalty is Needed                                     28\n  The Lock-Step                                                     28\n  Grading and Classifying of Prisoners                              29\n  Reclaimed Criminals by Parole Laws                                29\n  Proposed Marriage Reform                                          30\n  Contract; Price-Piece; State Account                              31\n  Convict Labor on State Farms                                      31\n  Road Making for Convicts                                          31\n  Industrial Reformatories                                          32\n  Massachusetts State Reformatory, Concord                          32\n  Illinois State Reformatory, Pontiac                               33\n  The Juvenile Court of Chicago                                     33\n  Sloyd Work; Novel Punishment                                      34\n  The Whipping-Post                                                 34\n  The Bertillon System                                              35\n  Results of Treatment of the Insane                                36\n  Havana Prisons, Cuba                                              37\n  Australian Prison Reform                                          38\n  Prisons in Old Paris                                              38\n  Model French Prison                                               39\n  Siberian Banishment                                               39\n  Norway Prison                                                     40\n\n\n  REPORT OF THE NATIONAL PRISON CONGRESS.\n\n  Address of Welcome, Governor George K. Nash                       41\n  M. W. Beacom, Welcome from Mayor, John H. Farley                  42\n  Response by Hon. Frederick H. Wines, LL.D.                        42\n  Address, Captain Edward S. Wright, President of the Congress      43\n  Annual Sermon, Rev. Ward Beecher Pickard, D.D.                    44\n  Annual Address, Albert Garvin, President of the Association       45\n  Joseph F, Scott, \u201cCivil Service in Prison\u201d                        46\n  Address, Chaplain Wm. J. Batt, Concord, Mass.                     47\n  Address, Chaplain Wm. A. Locke, \u201cPrison Methods\u201d                  47\n  Address, Chaplain D. R. Imbrie, \u201cDecade of Prison Reform\u201d         48\n  Hon. F. H. Wines on Dr. McKim\u2019s Book                              48\n  Chaplain J. F. Orwick on Prison Sunday                            49\n  Oren C. Painter on Prisoners\u2019 Aid Association, Baltimore          49\n  Address, Hon. Samuel J. Barrows, \u201cInternational Congress\u201d         49\n  Address, Hon. C. V. Collins, N. Y., \u201cEducation Among Criminals\u201d   51\n  Address, Prof. Chas. R. Henderson, \u201cSociological Side of Reform\u201d  52\n  Judge Martin Dewey Follett, \u201cCriminal Law Reform\u201d                 53\n  George Torrance, \u201cPreventative and Reformatory Work\u201d              53\n  Dr. H. E. Allison, N. Y., \u201cPreventative Heredity of Crime\u201d        55\n  Captain C. S. Tremby, U. S. N., \u201cDiscipline in the Spanish War\u201d   55\n  Mrs. F. A. Morton, Mass., \u201cElementary Practice in Education\u201d      55\n  Address, Rev. August Drahms (Cal.), \u201cCrime in Civilized\n    Countries\u201d                                                      56\n  Hon. F. H. Wines, LL.D., Washington, D.C., \u201cThe U.S. Census\u201d      56\n  Place of Next Congress Meeting and Entertainment      56\n  Address, Jos\u00e9 F. Godoy, Sec\u2019y Mexican Embassy, Washington, D.C.   57\n  Address, Hon. Eugene Smith, N. Y. City, \u201cThe Cost of Crime\u201d       57\n  Joseph F. Scott, Mass., \u201cThe Indeterminate Sentence\u201d              59\n  Testimonial to Z. R. Brockway, late of Elmira Reformatory         59\n  Address, J. Warren Meade, Auburn, N. Y., \u201cPrison Discipline\u201d      59\n  Memorial Tribute to Three Departed Members                        60\n  Wm. Chamberlain, Mich., \u201cDiscipline in State Penitentiary\u201d        60\n  J. Warren Baily, Mass., \u201cDischarged Prisoners\u201d                    60\n  Amos W. Butler, Indiana \u201cState Parole\u201d                            61\n  Prof. R. G. Henderson, Chicago, \u201cPsychological Laboratory\u201d        61\n  Mrs. D. C. Leeds, Phila., \u201cWoman\u2019s Prison or Reformatory\u201d         62\n  Complimentary Resolutions; Closing Remarks                        62\n\n\n\n\nJOURNAL OF PRISON DISCIPLINE\n\n  ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH\n  ANNUAL REPORT\n  1787.          OF            1901.\n  \u201cTHE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY.\u201d\n\n\nIn the beginning of this Twentieth Century the public mind seems to\nhave given more thought to the reformation of the prisoner, and his\ncare after he goes out, rather than to the security of bolts and bars\nto hold him for the limited time. The march of progress is to treat him\nmore like a man capable of being partially educated and taught some\ncraft that he may follow when the sentence is ended or when paroled.\n\nTo this end, the statute law of our Commonwealth allowing only a\nsmall per centage of convicts to be employed, has been a drawback to\nprogress, until all the Boards of Inspectors and Wardens (influenced\nby public opinion) have had the courage to use their better judgment.\nConvicts in our penitentiaries should, if physically able, be required\nto labor, both on the grounds of health, and of sound public policy,\nand such labor should as far as practicable, be such as will aid in\npaying the entire cost of their keeping. Military discipline and prison\ndiscipline--and still more, prison science--are essentially unlike, for\none deals with men in the mass, while the other individualizes to the\nfinest possible point.\n\nThirty-five years ago there was almost a complete indifference in the\npublic mind concerning the reformation of prisoners, but now, the\nprogress of the times seems to be fast changing sentiment, and leading\nonward to the requirements of a stated law making our penitentiaries\nmore of a reformatory nature; prisoners classified, merit of grades,\nand employment in manual work for health. No doubt many of our prisons\nand county jails would require inexpensive additional buildings for\nreformatory plans; this would give work for many of the convicts under\nproper direction. It may be said that at the Eastern Penitentiary there\nis no room for additional buildings; but where there is a will, a way\nis generally found, though the space might be a little cramped and\nexclude a part of the current of air over the roofs of the present\nplant.\n\nTHE EASTERN PENITENTIARY has at this date, January 1st, 1,115 prisoners\nin 750 cells, which cells are intended for one prisoner each. So we\nsee how our long-cherished cellular or separate system of Pennsylvania\n(still on the statute book) is fast passing into the congregate, though\nall foreign countries are even now following our former plan as the\nbest.\n\nOur prison Wardens, Chaplains, and Official Visitors by their oft\npersonal visitations in the cells, have done faithful work endeavoring\nto reform the morals of the men, but after all, only a small percentage\ncan be determined as really reformed from crooked ways, for many return\na second or more times. Much of the kindly suggestions and godly\nteachings are lost to the official visitor by having to address two or\nmore in a cell at one time, at the Eastern Penitentiary. Therefore, the\nsooner we arrive at the introduction of the Reformatory System, (known\nas such) and applied to all our penal institutions, the more hopeful\nfor all our charges and benefit to the community in general.\n\nThe Reformatory System has four main principles as established in\nMassachusetts. 1st. Classification and advancement by merit. 2nd.\nEducation and Sloyd work. 3rd. Trades and manual training. 4th. Parole\nand care of those discharged.\n\nThis State has not yet introduced a Parole System, though such a law\nhas twice been passed by the Legislature and vetoed by different\nGovernors. At the beginning of this century, the bill appears for the\nthird time, but it is not intended to affect those now in custody.\n\nAn Indeterminate sentence law is still a future possibility of the new\ncentury. At the last National Prison Congress of Wardens and State\nDelegates held at Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 1900, the Indeterminate\nSentence System, was unanimously recommended.\n\nThe Official State delegates of this Prison Society present at that\nCongress were, Mrs. Deborah C. Leeds, John J. Lytle, and Rev. R. Heber\nBarnes, whose report will be found further on.\n\nThe matter of a House of Detention, for our first-class cities,\njuvenile prisoners between 8 and 16 years, has made but little\nprogress, and it still awaits consent to appropriate one of our unused\nschool-houses for that purpose.\n\nThe inequality of sentences often come to the knowledge of the Acting\nor Visiting Committee, both at the Penitentiary and the County Prison;\nand we often wonder that our Judges do not adopt some uniform length\nof sentences, especially for first imprisonments for minor offences.\n\nThe Acting Committee of 50 of this Society, and who are official\nvisitors to the Eastern Penitentiary and County Prison and annex, have\nbeen untiring in their efforts to reform those whom they have visited\nin their cells. The monthly reports show that members of the Visiting\nCommittee have made the past year 731 visits to prisoners at the\nEastern Penitentiary on 15,616 prisoners, and at the County Prison and\nConvict Dept. Holmesburg, 848 visits to 6,191 prisoners.\n\nOur female members visit the female prisoners in both institutions.\nKind-hearted willing souls are found among the subscribers of our\nSociety, who are willing to freely give and have spent their time and\nmoney for the recovery of those who have stumbled and fallen. What we\nneed most is a classification of prisoners, that all may be employed in\nsome work, and a merit system. The nearest approach to a merit system\nnow is a shortened term or commutation for good behavior, and every man\nreceives his pardon from the Governor which restores him to citizenship.\n\nEastern Penitentiary Board of Inspectors have done wisely in the\nsanitary improvements of the institution the past year, under the\ndirection of our esteemed warden, D. W. Bussinger. The place once so\ncold and cheerless, has been brightened up and made scrupulously clean,\nand the foul draughts of air are no more. The fronts of out-buildings\nhave been rebuilt and present an appearance of firmness and stability.\nThe cells are kept neat and clean, and the food is much better, being\nin a larger variety, and by careful economy, at no greater cost. When\nyou reach a man\u2019s stomach with good things, it seems to brighten up his\ncountenance; every visitor realizes this. The men have daily exercise\nin the yard, for health; and an instrumental band has been formed of\nthose in the bakery department, and allowed in the rotunda two evenings\nin a month to entertain the entire population of the institution; they\nhave become very creditable performers.\n\nOur Prison Agent, John J. Lytle, is at the Penitentiary nearly every\nday of the year, and in advance of a man\u2019s going out, provides\nthrough this Society what the State does not, a new suit of clothing\nwhen needed, and procures a railroad ticket if he is to go to some\ndistant home, and then when the man has a place to work (if a trade),\nhe provides tools and a suitable boarding-place until the man is\nable to do for himself. After a time he may have fallen, or met with\nmisfortune, and again he comes for help that he may again be placed in\nposition where he can earn a support; in all these cases the prisoner\nis identified by his prison number, which no man ever forgets. In\norder to carry on this work for the discharged prisoners, the income\nfrom the funds of the Society is but a third of what is needed; and as\nthe Legislature and Governors have failed the past six years to grant\nthe Society the accustomed $3000 annually, we have been compelled to\nsolicit donations from benevolent donors for the discharged prisoners\nof the Eastern Penitentiary. The aid given for the discharged prisoners\nof the County Prison, is from the income of the Society.\n\nIt seems hardly just that we be compelled to solicit for discharged\nprisoners of the Eastern Penitentiary from Philadelphians, when many of\nthe convicts are sent there from most of the eastern counties.\n\nPHILADELPHIA COUNTY PRISON, MOYAMENSING.--A recent personal inspection\nof every nook and corner of this old prison (erected 1835) revealed the\nfact, that under the present Board of Inspectors, with generous modern\nideas for alterations and improvements, it might truly be called an\nup-to-date city prison; scrupulously clean and in order everywhere,\ninside and out. Our highly esteemed Superintendent, Robert C.\nMotherwell, Jr., shows his especial adaptation to the work; for during\nthe past year 45,688 persons passed in and out under his eye, about\n3,800 per month; of these the received were white males, 17,788; white\nfemales, 1,889; black males, 2,508; black females 653. Total, 22,835;\nof these 532 were boys under sixteen years old. Total discharged,\n22,853. This large number of juveniles, caused the remark of a keeper,\nthat if he had to choose between the care of 12 boys or 500 men, he\nwould prefer the latter. These boys are never placed in a felon\u2019s cell,\nbut in a portion especially assigned them, and are always apart from\nthe other older prisoners.\n\nAll the repairs or alterations are done by the convicts, and many\nare employed in the shops. There is now a first-class steam-heating\narrangement, and electric plant with sufficient voltage for an\nelectrocution-chair in place of the gallows, if the State so directed.\nIn connection with this, is a Kenyun steam disinfectant apparatus\n(the latest and most approved device) for the renovation of clothing,\nmattresses, and bedding from vermin, microbes, and possible contagion;\ntreating it by high pressure of steam then by vacuum.\n\nThe officers of the Moyamensing prison are all well tried conscientious\nmen, and have a very promiscuous lot of people to deal with.\nThere is a very good library of 2,700 volumes, used by all the male\ndepartments, besides other reading matter is furnished. The cleanliness\nand hygienic atmosphere of all the corridors and cells could not pass\nunnoticed. Three religious services are held in this prison every\nSunday, and excellent volunteer choirs contribute, which are greatly\nappreciated.\n\n[Illustration: PHILADELPHIA COUNTY PRISON, Moyamensing.]\n\nRev. Joseph J. Camp, the highly-esteemed Prison Agent of the Inspectors\nfor the past sixteen years, interviews many prisoners brought in, and\noften goes to court when the case comes up for trial.\n\nMr. Frederick J. Pooley, our meritorious Prison Agent of the\nPennsylvania Prison Society, is doing good work and assists the Rev.\nJos. J. Camp. He has to do principally with those minor cases which\nare discharged with short detention and without trial, by order of the\nmagistrates.\n\nThe Acting or Visiting Committee of this Society appointed to the\nCounty Prison, have done good work in aiding reform of both men and\nwomen; often have helped to shed that ray of light into the heart of\nsome suffering one, by kindly advice and good reading matter; some have\neven taken pains to look after many women on their discharge, keeping\nin touch with their better interests long after.\n\nThe Woman\u2019s Ward, under the care of Miss Anna B. Harshaw, matron,\nimpresses you as one whose genial disposition and good judgment, well\nprepares her for the care of her charges. During the past year there\nwere received 1,889 white women and 653 black; average, 212 per month.\nOn January 1st, there remained 62 convicts and 33 awaiting trial.\nThe entire building is clean and neat, even the cells, the kitchen,\nstoreroom, and laundry: here twenty women are daily at work, (do the\nwork by hand) for the whole institution, a number are employed in\nmaking up and repair of clothing, for the men also. They have a good\nlibrary and other reading matter, and are often visited by the ladies\nof the Acting Committee.\n\nCOUNTY PRISON CONVICT DEPARTMENT, HOLMESBURG JUNC., Under the efficient\ncare of Capt. Charles A. Abel, Deputy Superintendent, a recently\nconstructed plant, to which are sent all the convicts of the county\u2019s\ncharge, the number at present being about 450.\n\nThey have various kinds of trades work (limited of course). This\ninstitution is the same as all the penal institutions of the State,\nsave one, lacks two things:--classification or grades, and manual\nwork for all the convicts. There is a large choir of colored men,\nwho, on Sunday afternoons, in the rotunda afford, pleasure for the\nrest of the institution, as part of the religious exercises. In all\nthese departments of the County Prison, Sunday religious exercises are\nprovided, and often good volunteer choirs, under the direction of the\nmanagement.\n\nThe County Prison\u2019s daily charge is little more than eleven hundred.\n\nAT THE ANNUAL MEETING, January, 1901, George W. Hall, our high esteemed\nTreasurer for the past ____ years, tendered his resignation, and was\nunwilling to be re-elected to that office on account of recent sorrow\nand apparent failing health, desiring to be relieved from some of the\nresponsible active duties and cares of this life. We appreciate his\ngood judgment, and a Trust Company was appointed until the annual\nmeeting when Charles M. Morton was elected to fill this office;\nunwilling to part with our faithful officer, he was elected one of its\nVice-Presidents.\n\nHOUSE OF CORRECTION, at Holmesburg Junction, usually has about 800\ninmates, and consists of those sent there for drunkenness or for\nminor offences committed through intoxication. Most of these are\ncompelled to work; a large number in the stone quarry, facing stone,\nand breaking for road-dressing, different sizes are sifted by hand\nlabor. On Sunday all are required to be at chapel service and they have\nmany reasonable privileges. It is a very well conducted institution\nin which this Society takes an interest; but the majority, on being\ndismissed immediately return to their dissipated habits and are often\nrecommitted. Heretofore these prisoners were taken from the lower part\nof the city, on police tugboats to the House of Correction wharf, but\nin consequence of the Act of Congress recently going into effect,\nsome other plan is devised until the boats are modified. The new law\nrequires that the boats shall carry a sufficient number of lifeboats\nin proportion to the number of prisoners, and as the tugboats are only\nequipped with one yawl they cannot be used for this work until the\nnecessary changes are made.\n\nJUVENILE OFFENDERS. Judge Audenried believes in a sound spanking, as a\nmore beneficial punishment than imprisonment, when a lad first shows\ninclination towards evil, and many times rather than send a boy to the\nHouse of Refuge, he has allowed him to go upon the parents promising no\nlonger to spare the rod.\n\n[Illustration: PHILADELPHIA COUNTY PRISON,\n\nConvict Department, Holmesburg Junction.]\n\nA matter of great importance to our Commonwealth, to cite a case--a\ngirl of fourteen years was recently convicted of petty larceny,\nsentenced to prison for three months. Appeal for mercy, on the\nground of first offence, did not avail. But to jail, to be influenced\nfor a worse career, instead of a reformative effect. The courts could\nnot be held accountable for this state of affairs. Indeed it would be\nhard to find anywhere a more conscientious and just judge than Judge\nBiddle, before whom the case came. Our Judges are not lawmakers,\nand must interpret the law as it exists, and follow the statutory\nprovisions enacted by the Legislature, and there is no discretionary\nor limited powers. It is deplorable that offenders of tender years\nshould not receive intelligent and discriminating treatment under\nthe law. But the fault is in the inadequacy of the law. Pennsylvania\nseems to be far behind some other States in penal, and particularly in\nreformative legislation respecting children. In other States, notably\nMichigan, Iowa, Illinois, Massachusetts, legislation has been provided\nfor juvenile and adult offenders, which has already born much fruit and\npromises greater results for the future. The working of the probation\nsystem in Massachusetts--where it has been in operation nine years\nappears to have more than justified the hopes of those who introduced\nthe reforms. In Massachusetts more than 5,000 are released annually\non probation, and the relapses to criminal life are very few. The\nsystem seems specially adapted to minors. There is every reason why\nPennsylvania should take some forward step in enacting laws relating to\nyoung offenders.\n\nWhere modern legislation of this character has been tried it has had\nvery great beneficial influence in reforming offenders and saving them\nfrom a criminal life, and in addition has saved the State money.\n\nWhere we were clearly shown at the last National Prison Congress, that\nour actual cost of crime in Philadelphia was $3.50 per capita for the\nwhole population of the country, equal to $3,250,000 for this city it\nseems appalling, and we need to use the best known methods of reform to\nlessen the exacting taxation.\n\nTHE POLICE MATRONS at our station-houses have all proved well chosen\nand competent helps to the distressed wife and children, and to many\na young girl who has commenced a life of shame brought under their\nobservation by the officers. The entire number of women reported by\nthe sixteen matrons, during the fiscal year as under their charge was\n4,233. Of these many were aged, demented and homeless; those lost or\nseeking shelter were 773. Many were young, some strangers in the city,\nand to city life, who were restored, by a little effort, to respectable\nhomes; some victims of the crimes of others or shamed and discouraged\nby disgrace.\n\nThe entire number of children reported is 2,978. Brought by parents,\n279. Brought on personal charges for offences, 756. Lost, 1,498. The\nmonthly reports of these devoted Matrons, to the Associated Committees,\nare filled with special cases of interest, and stir all true devotion\nto earnestness to devise new plans to reach and help the sufferers.\n\nMrs. L. W. Fletcher of the 6th District and Mrs. J. Poole of the 19th\nDistrict are the oldest matrons in the work, having held appointment\nsince September, 1886. Mrs. Fletcher has to do with that known as the\ntenderloin section, Eleventh street above Race. Within this district\ndwells a larger portion of girls and women whose vocation makes them\nliable to arrest more than any of the other thirty districts. Mrs.\nFletcher has proved well-fitted for the work, the combination of good\ncommon sense, sympathetic gentleness and determined spirit which is\nhers, is one that is needed in the Sixth District more than any other\nperhaps. Mrs. Fletcher speaks of the many unfortunate girls brought\nto her as \u201cher girls.\u201d \u201cThey are to be pitied as much as condemned.\nForce of circumstances, I have learned, drives the majority of them\ninto the lives they lead. Contact with them has taught me that few of\nthem are wholly bad. Many can be made to see the folly of vice and led\nto abandon it.\u201d She speaks authoritatively, and keeps track of many\nreclaimed, who are happy in their several employments as wage-earners,\nand owe their present happiness to her timely advice and sympathy.\n\nChinatown is in this division, and it exerts its worst influence; but\nkindness wins. They are not locked up in cells, but the matron places\nthem in an upper room or ward. The matron is very seldom used roughly,\nher appearance seems to command respect, even from the most abandoned.\nShe often accompanies them to court trial, and it is a comfort to them,\nthey never fail to appreciate.\n\nAll our seventeen police matrons seem to be well-fitted for their work.\nSome of our lieutenants who have heretofore opposed having matrons for\nthe female portion at station-houses, are beginning to see the folly of\ntheir former judgment. Our statute law requires every station-house to\nhave a matron. Why is it not obeyed in the other fourteen districts?\n\nWOMAN\u2019S PRISON.--The women of the city of Brooklyn, N. Y., are urging\nthe establishment there of a Woman\u2019s Prison. How much better if it\nwere a Reformatory. This is sadly needed in State of Pennsylvania,\nand especially in Philadelphia for the 350 women in our Penitentiary,\nCounty Prison and House of Correction; at the present time there is a\nmovement to ask the Legislature to establish a Reformatory prison for\nwomen in the eastern part of Pennsylvania.\n\n[Illustration: MRS. L. W. FLETCHER,\n\nPolice Matron, Sixth District, Philadelphia.]\n\n\n\n\nTWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF JOHN J. LYTLE, GENERAL SECRETARY.\n\n\nIn presenting this, my Twelfth Annual Report, I feel more and more\nsolemnly impressed with the magnitude of the work in which I have\nbeen for so many years engaged, the importance of which cannot be\noverestimated and I have faithfully endeavored to perform my duty,\nseeking for Divine guidance in all of my undertakings. The Pennsylvania\nPrison Society has its officers and an Acting Committee of fifty other\nmembers, who, by act of the Legislature, are made official visitors to\nthe Penitentiary and County Prisons. They are particularly interested\nin visiting the Eastern Penitentiary and the two County Prisons in this\ncity, and the House of Correction--though we have members who visit the\nCounty Prisons of the State and make reports to the General Committee.\nThe members, after a careful visitation of the convicts in their cells,\nendeavor to gain their confidence, and thus become friends to them,\nwhich is kept up frequently long after their discharge. We encourage a\ncorrespondence with them after they leave the prison, so that we can\nretain an influence over them for good and continued good.\n\nMany interesting letters have been received, showing that what has been\ndone was warmly appreciated, and instances are not wanting where they\nare leading honest lives, and are willing to admit that the lives they\nhad been leading were dragging them down in ruin and could thankfully\nsay that their incarceration had been a blessing to them, and they had\ndetermined with the Lord\u2019s help, to lead better lives.\n\nWe have earnest, faithful Christian women members of the committee who\nvisit the women prisoners of the Penitentiary, the County Prisons, and\nthe House of Correction. In this connection I desire to call attention\nto the efforts which are being made to establish a temporary Home for\ndischarged women prisoners, an institution which has been much needed,\nwhere they can remain a short time until they can obtain situations,\nin the meantime being under Christian influences. There is also the\nHoward Institution for discharged women prisoners, situated on Popular\nstreet, near Sixteenth street, where they have a comfortable home and\nare taught house-work and laundry, and being expected to stay at least\nsix months, there is hope for reformation for those who desire to lead\nbetter lives.\n\n\nCORRESPONDENCE.\n\nThere continues to be an increasing interest in the subject of\nPenology, very much attributed to the publicity given through the\nmeetings of the National Prison Congress held in various parts of\nthe country. I receive very many letters asking for information and\nespecially from libraries asking for complete files of our \u201cJournal of\nPrison Discipline and Philanthropy,\u201d speaking of it as a very valuable\npublication. As our back numbers are now all disposed, and as requests\ncontinue to pour in upon us, I would be pleased if any to whom this\nJournal is sent, have back numbers previous to 1900 which they do not\nwish to keep, would send to the Secretary Fifth and Chestnut Sts.,\nPhila.; it would enable us to fill orders from libraries.\n\n\nWORK OF THE SOCIETY AND ITS ACTING COMMITTEE.\n\nThe Acting Committee meets monthly when reports are received from the\nVisiting Committee of the Eastern State Penitentiary, the two County\nPrisons, House of Correction, \u201cAssociated Committee of Women on Police\nMatrons,\u201d General Secretary and from many of the County Prisons of the\nState.\n\nIt is much to be regretted that the press of our city gives so much\npublicity to the time when noted criminals are discharged. The\nimpropriety of this is especially noticeable where the separate system\nprevails, for it undoes the secrecy which is so essential to reform.\nBy it old crimes are recounted, and no matter how much a man desires\nto reform the way is closed for his obtaining employment, and he sees\nnothing else than to go back to his former criminal life. Every one\nshould have an opportunity to reform, and his former career should not\nbe published to the world. There have been cases where the press told\nin advance when a certain criminal was to be released, and I have seen\ncrowds of men and boys waiting to see such a one come out.\n\n\nTHE EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY.\n\nFor the benefit of those who have not seen our former Journals it\nmay be again well to state that the institution is visited by a\nsub-committee of the Acting Committee set apart for this service, to\neach of whom is assigned a particular division, which he under the\nConstitution and By-Laws is expected to visit \u201cat least once in two\nweeks and oftener if convenient.\u201d (Extract from the Constitution.) Rev.\nJoseph Welch and his able assistant, Rev. H. Cresson McHenry devote\ntheir whole time to visiting the prisoners, and are doing a noble\nwork for their spiritual good. Their task is a great one for with a\npopulation of over 1,200 it taxes their time to the utmost--this then\nis where the members of the Acting Committee perform valuable service.\n\nFrom monthly reports received from those members it appears that 731\nvisits have been made to the Penitentiary during the past year, and\n15,616 visits have been made to prisoners either inside the cells or at\nthe cell doors. As many of the members failed to send in reports, the\nnumber visited will much exceed this.\n\nThe total amount expended for the relief of discharged prisoners\nfrom the Eastern Penitentiary and County Prison during the year was\n$3,364.03.\n\nAs the Legislature has for many years failed to make any appropriation\nfor furnishing clothes or tools to those discharged, the whole burden\nof doing this rests upon our Society. Our income is entirely inadequate\nto do even a tithe of this large expense. We could only accomplish it\nby the liberality of our donors, for which we thank them, and desire\ntheir continued aid.\n\nAs for my own especial work at the Eastern Penitentiary, I visit\nthere daily in addition to the many other duties I have to perform in\nconnection with my office as General Secretary. I feel as time rolls\non solemnly impressed with the magnitude and importance of the work\nin which I have for many years been engaged. No person leaves that\nprison without my visiting him several times previous to discharge,\nascertaining their needs, and providing them with suitable clothes,\nthat they may make a respectable appearance in looking for work;\npleading, too, with them to give up all their sinful ways, and give\ntheir hearts to the Lord--for there are no joys comparable to the \u201cJoys\nof God\u2019s Salvation.\u201d As I visit from cell to cell, not only at the\ntime of discharge, but long previous to that, a feeling of awe comes\nover me as I realize that here is a soul to be saved or lost, one who\nhas had no thought or concern for his soul\u2019s salvation, and the query\narises, have I, have we as visitors, done our duty, our whole duty, in\ntelling him there is the promise that \u201cwhosoever shall call upon the\nname of the Lord shall be saved,\u201d and that Jesus Christ our Saviour and\nRedeemer, came into the world to seek and to save those that were lost,\nand in Him there is pardon and plenteous redemption. I have during\nthe past year made 352 visits to the Penitentiary, and have seen and\nconversed with the convicts, either in the cells or at the cell doors,\nover 4000 times. I have procured 164 railroad tickets for discharged\nprisoners to take them to their homes outside of the city, and have\ntaken many to the depots, providing them with a good breakfast before\nstarting. The cost of these tickets was $377.50.\n\nI have assisted many after their discharge with temporary help,\nstarting them in business in a small way that they may become\nwage-earners, thus preventing re-commitment. Tools are furnished to\ndischarged prisoners when needed. Many have been aided in this way\nto obtain situations. For some days before and after New Year\u2019s I\ndistributed the motto calendars to every prisoner, visiting every cell\nand giving a word of counsel and encouragement, and a hearty shake of\nthe hand to most of the 1,200 prisoners. It has been gratifying to\nnotice with what pleasure these New Year\u2019s calls have been received, as\nthey respond, \u201cA Happy New Year to you and many of them.\u201d\n\nThese Christian motto calendars are hung up in their cells and are read\nover and over many times a day--such as these:\n\n    O! the things WE call the LITTLE sins,\n          Are hateful in GOD\u2019S SIGHT;\n        HE counts NO SIN a LITTLE sin,\n      Nor calls a WRONG DEED--Right!\n\n                   And\n\n    BEGIN thou first with LITTLE THINGS,\n      The smallest SIN AVOID and HATE;\n        Obedience to LOVE adds wings,\n    And LITTLE faith will grow to GREAT.\n      The statutes of the LORD are RIGHT--!\n          REJOICING the HEART.\n\n  (PSALM XIX: 8)\n\nThese silent messengers may be the means, under the blessing of our\nHeavenly Father, of reaching many souls and bringing them to Christ,\ntheir Saviour.\n\n\nSOME CASES OF INTEREST WHICH HAVE COME TO OUR NOTICE.\n\nA young man left the Eastern Penitentiary, perhaps three years ago,\nfor one of the cities in Western Pennsylvania, determined to lead a\nnew life. He gave assurance of having sought and found in our Lord\nJesus Christ a full pardon for his old life and of his earnest purpose\nto walk in newness of life. He joined the Methodist Church, got good\nwork, married, and has recently sent to his visitor, a member of our\ncommittee, a picture of their little baby. He writes a bright, happy\nletter.\n\nA man who, while in the Penitentiary, seemed to feel the tremendous\nevil of his past life and an earnest desire for a better one, was led,\nas we believe, to pray and trust God\u2019s spirit, we felt worked with him\nand not in vain. He went into a foreign country, and a few days ago we\nreceived a letter from him dated January 4, 1901, bright and happy,\nhoping soon to return.\n\nAbout nine years ago a man left the Penitentiary and went to work for\nhis brother-in-law, who was a baker, getting his board only. After\nsome months he came to me saying he wanted to earn some money for\nhimself, and asked me to get him work, even if it was as a laborer on\nthe street. I dissuaded him from that, and encouraged him to remain, so\nthat he might not only learn the business, but also to establish for\nhimself a reputation. This advice was taken; he joined the Episcopal\nChurch. I received a letter from his rector speaking in high terms\nof him. He afterwards went to another brother-in-law in one of the\ninterior cities of our State. He remained there long enough to become\nthoroughly acquainted with that branch of business, saving up all his\nwages--to-day he has two establishments of his own, is married, and\ndoing well.\n\nAnother is that of one who had a sentence of over twenty years\nfor atrocious cruelty to an elderly couple in connection with a\nburglary--his second conviction. It seemed almost a hopeless case, but\nhe was taken in hand by a faithful Christian member of our committee,\njoined the Episcopal Church, and is a sincere Christian, faithful, and\ntrusted by his employer; has been out over ten years.\n\nAnother, to show how difficult it is for a discharged prisoner to\nobtain a situation. A man was discharged about whom there were strong\ndoubts of his being guilty, not a crime against property. He was a\nskilled workman in an industry of which there are very few in this\ncountry, and such men are in demand. The foreman in the manufactory\nwhere he formerly worked agreed to take him the next morning. Calling\nthe men together, he informed them that he was going to take ---- back.\nThey said if he did they would all strike--they would not work with an\nex-convict. I boarded him for three weeks, getting odd jobs now and\nthen, and finally sent him to New York, where he has employment in the\nsame branch of business--have had a letter thanking me for what I did\nfor him. Very many such cases could be mentioned. All these were aided\non their leaving the prison.\n\n\nTHE OFFICERS.\n\nThe warden, D. W. Bussinger, who in the short time he has been in\noffice has proved himself to be very efficient, and has instituted many\nimportant reforms. It is his aim to make it the model prison of the\nUnited States. He thoroughly understands what is needed, and is truly\nthe right man in the right place.\n\nGeorge Dorward, called the \u201cPrincipal Overseer,\u201d is very faithful to\nhis duties, and living in some of the apartments of the Penitentiary,\nis always at hand to render efficient services to the warden.\n\nThe Rev. Joseph Welch, the chaplain, officially called the \u201cMoral\nInstructor,\u201d and his able assistant, the Rev. H. Cresson McHenry,\nare earnestly desirous for the spiritual and temporal welfare of the\nprisoners, and are ever on the alert to instil into their minds the\nnecessity for a change in their lives, to cease to do evil, and learn\nto do well. They devote their time to the good of the prisoner, and the\nresult cannot fail to be beneficial. It is particularly gratifying that\nthe Moral Instructor has such an able and valuable assistant. I have\nagain to thank the warden and all of the overseers for the valuable\nassistance rendered me in the prosecution of my work, which requires\nmuch tact and judgment in determining what is best to be done in such\ncases.\n\n\nPHILADELPHIA COUNTY PRISON AND ANNEX.\n\nThe Visiting Committee report 848 visits to the prison during the past\nyear, and including the new convict prison at Holmesburg, 6,191 visits\nreported to prisoners either in the cells or at the cell doors.\n\nThe prisons are in good condition, and well kept, and are models for\ncounty prisons. It is much to be regretted that every one committed,\nespecially those before trial, could not be kept in a separate cell.\nMany of those were in prison for the first time, and often associated\nwith hardened criminals, thus rendering our county prisons the\nnurseries of crime.\n\nRobert C. Motherwell makes a most valuable and faithful Superintendent.\n\nToo much credit cannot be given to the faithful visits of the lady\nmembers of the committee, who have religious opportunities with the\nwomen, and many of whom have had situations obtained for them, and are\nknown to be leading exemplary lives. Their mission does not cease with\ntheir release from prison, but a watchful care is extended to them\nafter their discharge.\n\nThe Rev. Joseph J. Camp, the Prison Agent, appointed by the Inspectors,\nis also a member of the Acting Committee. He has seen many years of\nservice there, and holds a position which is invaluable, and could\nnot well be dispensed with. There are numberless cases of persons who\nshould not be committed to the County Prison. Those cases he faithfully\ninvestigates, and secures from the magistrates their release as soon as\npossible. Very many boys run away from home, stealing rides on freight\ntrains--they are arrested, and sent to prison. He looks up such cases,\nwrites to the parents, who reply that it is their desire that they\nshould be sent back. They are by that time very penitent, and are put\non the cars for home. He acts, too, as a peacemaker between families.\nWe honor him for the good work he is doing.\n\nFrederick J. Pooley, the agent of the Society at the County Prison\nis displaying much zeal and energy in the performance of his arduous\nduties, and I can but repeat what I have heretofore said of him. He\nis in love with his work, and feels that God is blessing his services\nthere. He says that while there are many clouds along his pathway, yet\nhe sees more of the sunshine that leads him on to greater efforts in\nthe work in which God has been pleased to call him. His earnest desire\nis that he may be a benefit both in spiritual and temporal things to\nthose who have become inmates of a prison-cell. Services are held there\nevery Sabbath in the morning for the men, in the afternoon for the\nwomen. Once a month he has charge of the latter, and is listened to\nwith marked attention. The committee as well as the management of the\nCounty Prison is fortunate in securing the services of such a valuable\nassistant. He takes especial interest in looking after the many boys\nwho get into trouble--often runaways from home, whom he sends back.\nInteresting letters have frequently been received from them.\n\nSome of the cases are worthy of mention. One whom he sent to Atlantic\nCity writes thus: \u201cI take pleasure in letting you know I have got work,\nand to let you know what a little kindness and good advice will do for\na poor fellow who is struggling to lead an honest life.\u201d In reply, he\nadvised him to attend some place of worship and to keep from drink.\nAgain the boy writes: \u201cI will try to live up to your advice; I attended\nchurch this A. M., the first time in years, and with the help of God,\nI cannot go wrong. I am working every day, but I am making an honest\nliving--honest dollars are the best kind of dollars--I have fully made\nup my mind to that.\u201d\n\nA boy whom he sent home to his parents in Newark, N. J., writes: \u201cI am\ngoing to work this P. M., and with God\u2019s help, will try to make a man\nof myself.\u201d\n\nAnother boy says, \u201cI owe you a debt of gratitude that can never be\npaid;\u201d and another writes, \u201cI am going to night-school, to church and\nSunday-school, and am trying to be a good boy.\u201d\n\nFrom a boy he sent home: \u201cI arrived in Baltimore safe, and my mother\nmet me at the depot. I thank you very much for your kindness to me.\u201d\n\nThese are cases of boys who have ran away from home, steal rides on\nfreight cars and are arrested when they are arrived and sent to the\nCounty Prison, often put in with those who are adepts in crime, their\nparents are written to, who request that they be sent home. If the\nmoney is not sent for the return fare, the Prison Society pays it. Much\ngood is done in this way.\n\n\nCHESTER COUNTY PRISON.\n\nWilliam Scattergood, President of the Board of Inspectors, and a member\nof the Acting Committee of our Society visits that prison weekly. He is\nmuch interested in the welfare of the prisoners. It is well managed,\nkept clean, and is in an admirable condition. A new wing has been\nerected for the women, of whom they have very few.\n\n\nDELAWARE COUNTY PRISON.\n\nThis prison is faithfully visited by Deborah C. Leeds, who reports it\nto be in good condition and well managed. She holds services there very\nfrequently, which are much appreciated, and her remarks are listened to\nwith marked attention.\n\n\nOTHER COUNTY PRISONS.\n\nDeborah C. Leeds has been appointed \u201cVisitor to the County Prisons of\nthe State at Large.\u201d In virtue of this appointment, she has visited\nmany of the County Prisons, speaking to the inmates as way opens for\nit, encouraging them to give up their evil ways and lead new and better\nlives, looking unto the Lord for help in this respect, without which\ntheir efforts will be in vain.\n\n\nACTING COMMITTEE VISITS.\n\n  To Eastern Penitentiary                    731 visits to 15,616 Prisoners.\n  To County Prison, Annex, and\n      House of Correction                    848   \u201c    \u201c   6,191     \u201c\n  Genl. Secretary to Eastern Penitentiary    352   \u201c    \u201c   4,000     \u201c\n                                           -----           ------\n                                           1,931           25,807\n\n\nPOLICE MATRONS.\n\nThe Associated Committee of Women on Police Matrons hold meetings\nmonthly, at which reports are received from the different\nstation-houses where there are matrons in number. A number of\ninteresting cases are reported monthly, of women missing trains, and\nshelter given them until next morning, feeble-minded women wandering\nfrom home--children lost, etc.--These are kindly cared for by the\nmatrons.\n\nIt is sad to find such a large number who were arrested for being\nintoxicated.\n\nThankful to my Heavenly Father that He has, as I reverently believe,\ncalled me to this work and that through all these years He has given\nme health and strength to perform it, and that I may be more faithful\nin winning souls unto Christ, and invoking the Divine blessing upon my\nlabor, and that ability may be given me to perform the service with\nincreased zeal and earnestness, with a single eye to the glory of God,\nand to the advancement of the Redeemer\u2019s kingdom on the earth, this\nreport is respectfully submitted.\n\n  JOHN J. LYTLE,\n  _General Secretary_.\n\nAt a meeting of the Acting Committee, held 10th month, 18th, 1900, the\nCommittee on Memorials for deceased members presented the following, in\nrelation to our late fellow-member, Henry M. Laing.\n\n\n\n\nIn Memoriam.\n\n\nHENRY M. LAING, our late esteemed Treasurer, died at Colorado Springs,\nColorado, August 1st, 1900, in his 80th year. Funeral ceremonies were\nheld at Friends\u2019 Meeting House, 15th and Race street, Monday, August\n13, several members of our Acting Committee attending.\n\nIt seems fitting that there should be a minute of record of our\nesteemed brother, who for nearly 20 years--1873-1892--served the\nsociety so honorably and so well, as Treasurer, in the care of its\nfunds, and who had been an active member for many years, beside also\nbeing a life member. We revere his memory, as one whom we desire to\nthink of, whose manly disposition and straightforward conscientious\ndealings led us all to regard most favorably.\n\nFull of years the Lord called him, and we hope to meet him beyond the\nriver of death.\n\nMay this note be recorded, and a copy sent to the surviving children by\nour Secretary.\n\n\n\n\nGATHERED FROM REPORTS AND OTHER SOURCES.\n\n\nCHANGE OF TREATMENT URGED.\n\nAt the discussion on criminals, before the State Board of Charities\nand Correction, Albany, N. Y., last December, a change of treatment\nwas urged, that \u201cReformation and not punishment should be the end\nsought.\u201d Dr. Wm. P. Spratling, Medical Superintendent of Craig Colony\nfor Epileptics, said in part: \u201cI would recommend the following:\n_First_--Prevent insanity, epilepsy, imbecility, idiocy, and\nfeeble-mindedness as far as possible by making it impossible for them\nto marry. _Second_--By building less expensive structures in which\ndefective and dependent State charges shall live. _Third_--Maintain at\nless cost the cases that are chronic and incurable, and maintaining\nat even greater cost those that probably can be cured. _Fourth_--By\ngiving those that ought to have it an education that they can use in\nthe institution that cares for them, or that they may use in the outer\nworld when they leave the institution.\u201d\n\nThomas Sturgiss, of New York City, chairman of the Board of Managers\nof the Elmira Reformatory, read a paper on \u201cThe Treatment of the\nCriminal.\u201d The object of the discussion was to devise some plan for\nthe adoption of a true system of treatment in any and all penal\ninstitutions, and the plan determined was\n\n\u201c_First_--Centralization of prisons of every kind other than those of\ntemporary detention only, under State control.\n\n\u201c_Second_--That all prisons shall be taken out of politics, and that\nthey shall be administered by men who are making this profession a\nscientific study and a life work.\n\n\u201c_Third_--A classification of all criminals, and a division of them\namong institutions according to such analysis.\n\n\u201c_Fourth_--The specializing of such institutions to the end that each\nmay receive only that class or classes to the treatment of which its\nsituation, its staff, and its system are deliberately adapted.\n\n\u201c_Fifth_--Experience shows that such classification cannot be made by\nthe courts, for lack of time and absence of expert testimony. Provision\nshould be made for such analysis by the head of the institution to\nwhich the prisoner is first sent, and that subsequent transfer in\naccordance with such analysis should be legalized both as to the power\nof the transferring officer and of the prison to which the transfer is\nmade.\n\n\u201c_Sixth_--The adoption of the principle that reformation (reformation\nof character) and not punishment is the end sought by imprisonment,\nwith such application of the indeterminate sentence and the parole\nsystem as the class and condition of the prisoner and the character of\nthe management may justify.\n\n\u201cThe time has gone by when we seek to punish the criminal simply.\nPunishment as a deterrent has failed. We now seek to reform, if we\ncan, and to seclude for the protection of society if we cannot.\nEducation and training in self-control and in the ability to do useful\nwage-earning work, are the basis of reform.\n\n\u201cWhatever the system in any prison, it should contain, high above\neverything else, the element of hope. This should never be abandoned\nwhile life lasts, if the mental powers are normal. Omit this and\nyou take away the strongest inspiration to reform and substitute\ndespair. Include it and you give the guardian of the prisoner his\nstrongest weapon; and to the prisoner himself, a gleam of light in the\nsurrounding darkness, shining from the open door through which, if he\nwills it, he may once again pass to finish his life experience under\nthe conditions of freedom.\u201d\n\n\u201cEvery prison from a jail up should be in some measure a reformatory,\nan institution where the inmates received instruction in industrial\npursuits, in wage-earning labor, in letters, and moral precepts.\u201d\n\nSecretary McLaughlin of the N. Y. State Prison Commission, stated that\nthe present prison population of the State in custody was 10,350 (being\na decrease in five years of 2,311) of these 1,197 were women of which\n342 were in the workhouse, Blackwell\u2019s Island.\n\nAmong the State improvements suggested were:\n\n1. In order to furnish the convicts with employment under the present\nConstitution, further legislative restriction should cease and officers\nand institutions should comply with the law in good faith.\n\n2. The state should furnish the prisons with new and modern buildings,\nespecially at Sing Sing and Auburn.\n\n3. The hope to see the lock-step and the prison stripes suppressed\namong the prisoners of the higher grades in every prison.\n\n4. When prisoners, whose education has been utterly neglected are\nreceived, there should be compulsory education in the common English\nbranches.\n\n5. An efficient parole law should be adopted applicable to the State\u2019s\nprisons. Such a law is recommended by the Commission and by the\nSuperintendent and wardens of prisons.\n\n6. The State should watch over a man after his discharge from prison,\naid him in finding employment, and in the meantime, render him\nassistance if necessary.\n\n7. It has been wisely suggested that even life prisoners should be\nunder some system of parole. Probably by special enactment. There are\n177 life convicts, many are not habitual criminals, but convicted of\nmurder in the second degree, while in heat of passion or under the\ninfluence of liquor. Some have already served 20 to 40 years.\n\n\nSTATE PRISON DILEMMA.\n\nSome \u201cprison reformers\u201d so-called, seem to be laboring under the\nimpression that it is possible to keep convicts profitably employed\nwithout subjecting free labor of some sort to competition. A moment\u2019s\nreflection, however, shows that this impression is erroneous. The\nbest that can be done is to distribute industries in the prisons so\nas to reduce competition to the minimum, and that it is the policy\nwhich the State is now pursuing. A sash and door factory has just been\nestablished at Sing Sing, the output of which is to be used in public\nbuildings. This leaves the market for sashes and doors practically to\nthe free labor employed in that industry, and yet the fact remains,\nthat but for this prison factory the State would have to patronize\nthe other ones. The Amended Constitution and recent legislation in\nconformity with it have rendered the task of keeping convicts at work\na problem. Of course they might be employed piling and unpiling stones\nin the prison grounds for no other purpose than to prevent them from\nbeing idle. But experience has proved that fruitless work of this\nsort is bad for convicts, tending to demoralize them. Unless they\nare given something to do worth doing they grow morbid and ripe for\nfurther mischief. Road-making as an experiment may be worth trying. The\nSuperintendent of prisons says he finds it exceedingly difficult to\nkeep convicts employed without antagonizing the Constitution, until the\nLegislature makes the present law mandatory.\n\n\nHOW TO DEAL WITH WICKED MEN.\n\nThe prevention and cure of crime, the best methods for this, says Frank\nB. Sanborn, the political economist of Massachusetts--why \u201cPrison\nscience is in its infancy, so far as the world at large is concerned.\u201d\nPathetic and humiliating is the tardy advance made in this direction.\nVery provoking to the enlightened are the dull indifferences and\nfrequent hallucination of the community in regard to the treatment of\ncriminals.\n\nGradually, however, there has grown up in regard to a large class of\ncriminals, the so-called \u201cfirst offenders,\u201d most rapidly in these\nUnited States, and chiefly in the past thirty years, something that may\njustly be turned \u201cprison science.\u201d\n\nIts best examples are in the men\u2019s prison at Elmira, which is the\noutgrowth of Mr. Brockway\u2019s half century of experience in controlling\nand instructing convicts, and in the woman\u2019s prison at Sherborn, Mass.,\nlately under the inspiring government of Mr. Johnson.\n\nAs yet the criminals of longer habituation in guilt have come but\nlittle under this new development of prison science, except that in\nsome States they now receive an added sentence when proved to be an\nold offender. But the tendency is where crime is best understood,\nto establish a small class of \u201cincorrigibles,\u201d for whom perpetual\nimprisonment shall be the sentence.\n\nThis is on the theory that such can never be safely returned to the\ncommunity, upon which they are found perpetually preying, with a\nreasonable hope that they can be cured of evil habits. From these,\nshould be distinguished a much greater class of criminals, who are\ntemporarily incorrigible, but will yield to the methods, somewhat\nprolonged.\n\n\nWHERE DEATH PENALTY IS NEEDED.\n\nGovernor Dockery, of Missouri, in his message to the Legislature\nof that State, recommends a law prescribing the death penalty for\nkidnappers of children for ransom. Also recommends that it be enacted\nin every State. It should also apply to another crime, which our penal\nlaws do not properly reach--railroad train wrecking, which is often\nattended with a wholesale slaughter of life, and those who commit it\nseldom receive their just punishment, though abhorred and dreaded more\nthan the ordinary murderer.\n\n\nTHE LOCK-STEP.\n\nAt Sing Sing prison the lock-step has been abolished for first\noffenders; it ought to be given up everywhere. The men are often\nidentified as having been to N. Y. State Prison by the shuffling habit;\na military step has been substituted. Superintendent Collins has\nnoticed that the lock-step has grown on a prisoner to such an extent,\nthat he will fall in behind people on the street unconsciously in true\nlock-step fashion.\n\nA gang of convicts belonging to Class A, all carpenters or masons, were\nsent to work on the new prison at Mapanoch, Ulster Co., N. Y., and 250\nfrom Clinton and Auburn. The new prison will cost $700,000. It was\nfirst intended for a reformatory, but the plan was changed to a State\nprison with accommodation for 1,000 convicts.\n\n\nGRADING AND CLASSIFYING OF PRISONERS.\n\n_From the Report of the Board of Control, Iowa._\n\nThis is carefully done in all our reformatories, but in the State\npenitentiaries and penal institutions very rarely. It seems fitting\nnow, that the public desire is not only to hold the convict, but to\nencourage self help, by a system of regular graded or progressive\nclassifications of prisoners, based on character, and operated on a\nsystem of marks. Hope should be made an ever present force in the minds\nof the prisoner, by a system of rewards for good conduct, that carries\nwith it a promotion from a lower to a higher grade.\n\nIn connection with this system of classification, a well regulated\nparole and indeterminate sentence law will be enacted by the\nLegislature; thereby placing the destiny of the prisoner in his own\nhands, and by his own exertions to continually better his condition.\nThe object of imprisonment and prison government is for the protection\nof society and for the reformation of the prisoner. It is plain the\nState does not discharge its obligation until one or both these objects\nhave been clearly accomplished. If the prisoner cannot be reformed,\nhe must be held indefinitely, yet the parole system in connection\nwith established grades may be so administered as to secure these\nresults. It is better than a definite sentence (that does not reform)\nwithout a provision of parole; but more effective when coupled with\nthe reformatory or indeterminate sentence, because it makes a stronger\nappeal to the convict for his co-operation.\n\nIt is gratifying to know that this is to be introduced into all the\nState penal institutions of Iowa.\n\n\nRECLAIMED CRIMINALS BY PAROLE LAWS.\n\nIt is only in recent years that the idea of making a good man out of a\nbad one has had any prominence in the penal system. The old idea was\nsimply to punish the criminal and lock him away from honest people\nso he could do them no more harm. The actual result seemed to have\nproved that it made him more proficient in the school of crime. In many\nStates this evil still exists. In New York State for example, seventy\nper cent. of the released convicts return to criminal lives. Several\nother States have tried the plan of releasing well-behaved convicts,\nwith comparatively clean records, finding work for them, and keeping\nthem under surveillance until assured of their reform. Here are the\nresults:\n\n                Offenders Redeemed.   Returned to Crime.\n\n  Pennsylvania       85 per cent.        15 per cent.\n  Ohio               90     \u201c            10     \u201c\n  New Jersey         95     \u201c             5     \u201c\n  Indiana            94     \u201c             6     \u201c\n  Connecticut       100     \u201c             None.\n  Utah              100     \u201c             None.\n  Michigan           94     \u201c             6 per cent.\n  Alabama            96     \u201c             3     \u201c\n  Virginia          100     \u201c             None.\n  Minnesota          92     \u201c             8 per cent.\n\nThe convicts themselves are enthusiastic in praise of the new plan, for\nmany of them would prefer to lead honest lives if given a fair chance.\n\u201cThe Star of Hope,\u201d a paper written and printed by the convicts of\nthe N. Y. State Prisons, is full of articles in favor of the parole\nsystem, which the convicts hope to see adopted throughout the State. At\npresent, it applies to the Elmira Reformatory only.\n\nIndiana State Prison, at Michigan City, has had the parole system\nin force three years; 132 prisoners have been paroled, 6 have been\nreturned for violation of their parole, 2 have failed to report, and\nwe do not know where they are. We consider this a good showing for the\nmanagement. We have now 80 men on parole, who make report promptly,\nearning all the way from $5 to $40 per month and their board, in many\ncases caring for their families, that would otherwise be a public\ncharge upon the township where they live had the prisoner been kept in\nconfinement.\n\n\nPROPOSED MARRIAGE REFORM.\n\nThe Tri-State Medical Society of Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia, in\nsession at Chattanooga, have taken steps to secure medical Legislation\nin those three States, for the purpose of regulating or prohibiting the\nmarriage of habitual criminals, or persons afflicted with incurable\ndiseases, drunkards and victims of harmful drugs.\n\n\nCONTRACT, PRICE-PIECE, STATE ACCOUNT.\n\nFormerly the contract plan was followed in most penitentiaries, the\nlabor of each convict being hired out in a certain industry at a fixed\nsum per day. This has been succeeded in many States by what is known\nas the price-piece plan, where the contractors pay for the convict\nlabor at so much for each piece of work done; and in other States by\nmanufacturing done on the account of the State.\n\nThe contract system, where it is possible to contract the labor at a\nfair price, is undoubtedly the best one for the State. In such case the\nState only furnishes the room, heat and labor, saves the great outlay\nfor machinery and power.\n\nIf proper contract labor cannot be had for our penitentiaries, then the\nprice-piece plan is the best, and if it is not possible to employ the\nconvicts in any other way, then we should resort to proper industries\nto be carried on, by State account, like New York.\n\nThe convict should be employed, either by contract or price-piece plan\nbefore resorting to manufacture on State account. Many a warden at\nthe National Prison Congress, has shown that they could have all the\ncontract or price-piece work that they could do if the law permitted\nit, but it is the everlasting fear of antagonizing force labor.\n\nWhen we find that the entire output of all the penitentiaries in the\nUnited States during 1899, for the five principal things manufactured\nin prison was only one-tenth of one per cent, it does seem strange that\nany Trades\u2019 Union would be unwilling to have the State by employment\ncare for the health and best interests of their sons and brothers\ndetained!\n\n\nCONVICT LABOR ON STATE FARMS.\n\nMississippi Penitentiary Board of Control find farming their best\ninterest, have leased 9,350 acres of cleared land on which was worked\n720 convicts, the net revenue past year estimated at $100,000. The\nState has purchased 3,000 acres on which 80 convicts will be employed,\nand they have set apart $80,000 to purchase not more than 12,000 acres.\n\n\nROAD MAKING FOR CONVICTS.\n\nThe most valuable contributions in some respects, is the report of the\nIndustrial Commission on \u201cPrison Labor,\u201d Washington, D. C., in the\nbrief part which deals with what is not prison labor at all, but the\nlabor of convicts outside of prisons--building and repairing roads--an\nemployment which meets the demands of intelligent and practical\nreasoners, and seems to solve the problem of prison labor from a\nhumanitarian standpoint. Mention is here made to call attention to it.\n\n\nINDUSTRIAL REFORMATORIES.\n\nNew York State Reformatory, Elmira, is one of the oldest institutions\nof the kind in the United States. Has about 1500 convicts. As the\nState does not permit the sale of their product in open market, the\ninstitution has become more than ever a great trades school. Thirty-six\nindustries are taught, beside mental, physical, and industrial\ntraining, including education in the school of letters. Several of the\nliterary schools are taught by convicts trained for that department.\n\nThe trade of the convict is determined by the Superintendent, according\nto the advice of his relatives, and the surroundings he is likely to\nreturn to. Of the 658 discharged in 1899, 82 per cent. went directly to\nthe trade practiced in the Reformatory.\n\nIt is a very busy place, the convict plying his trade industriously,\nnot to be sold or serve some useful purpose, but only to give him\npractice and skill; when completed it is destroyed, then done over\nagain. The disposition to excel in skill and excellence has a tendency\nto make them better men. Almost every visitor is impressed with the\nconviction, that labor here so exquisitely performed, should be applied\nto some useful purpose and the articles sold.\n\nThe carefully prepared system of grading is admirable. A prisoner\nwhen he enters is placed in the second grade; he may work up to the\nhighest grade, shorten his term, secure his liberty by good conduct,\nand proficiency in trades and school work. The lowest grade is cared\nfor much like the prisoners in the penitentiary, the middle grade fare\nbetter, have a table-cloth and other privileges, the highest grade have\nbetter food and clothing, privileges to converse, and order their food\nand pay for it out of their own funds. The system seems to rest on\nthree ideas--1st, indeterminate sentence. 2nd, parole provisions of the\nlaw. 3rd, the trades and marking system. Gross cost per capita in 1899,\n$153.85.\n\n\nMASSACHUSETTS STATE REFORMATORY, CONCORD.\n\nReceives men from 18 to 35; if guilty of crime more than three times,\ncannot be sent here. The training-school is very much like Elmira, N.\nY. After they become proficient in these schools, they pass into the\nindustrial department and are employed at various kinds of productive\nlabor. Sloyd system work is very prominent, forenoons spent in the\ntrades schools, and afternoons in the shops. Prisoners alternate, so\nthat both shops and industrial training-schools are in full operation\nall of the day.\n\nProducts of the shops are furnished other State institutions. They\nmanufacture cotton and woolen goods (having a $35,000 plant of\nmachinery). All weaving is done by hand-looms, made in the institution.\nThere are over twenty industries and the institution uses all the money\nit earns.\n\nThe average convict\u2019s stay is fifteen months, yet it is possible he\nmay work out in a year, and he may be kept two years if convicted for\na felony. About half the prisoners remain full time for which they are\ncommitted. They have 300 acres of land, and twenty acres are inside\nthe prison walls, 1022 cells; prisoners go out on good records made in\nschool and shop.\n\n\nILLINOIS REFORMATORY, PONTIAC.\n\nHas 1,379 inmates between 12 and 21 years. Boys under 16 go to school\ndaily, over 16 years three-quarters of a day. Trades schools and\nproductive labor, contracted out certain sum per hour. Eighty-five per\ncent. conduct themselves properly, and the authorities keep track of\nthem for a year after they leave. The average stay is 19 months, a few\ngo out in a year. First grade men eat in a dining-room, the rest in\ntheir cells. Cost per capita, $120.\n\n\nTHE JUVENILE COURT OF CHICAGO.\n\nHas been in operation over one year, and it has rescued 1,250 children,\nthree fourths of whom have been paroled and placed in charge of\nprobation officers. It is against the law of Illinois to imprison,\neven in a police-station, any child under twelve years of age,\nbefore, during or after trial. In case of necessity the child is to\nbe committed to some suitable institution. The purpose of the plan\nis to give a boy another chance in his own home under the oversight\nof a probation officer. The business of the officer is to establish\nrelations of friendship with the boy\u2019s parents, and with the boy\nhimself, and to take pains to secure that the surroundings in which the\nboy is growing up shall be such as to minister to a decent life. This\nis another step in that probation system which has long succeeded so\nwell in Massachusetts and which ought to be established in every State\nin the country. One interesting fact in connection with the workings of\nthe Juvenile Court, is, that the Judge and the probation officers have\nlearned that it is practically hopeless to expect satisfactory results\nwhere a boy is a confirmed cigarette-smoker.\n\n\nSLOYD WORK.\n\nThis is not a trade, but a system of teaching, by draughting plans,\nused in manual training-schools and some of our reformatories. It ought\nto be introduced in all our reformatories, and would be extremely\nuseful in the prisons among those of long terms with work, for it\nestablishes practical thoughts as a foundation for a trade when\ndismissed.\n\n\nNOVEL PUNISHMENT.\n\nWhen Mayor James L. Schaadt, of Allentown, Pa., began his office a year\nago, new ideas were inaugurated for evildoers, and generally with good\neffect. When but a few days in office, a party of boys were brought\nbefore him on some trivial charge of disorder. The offence needed some\npunishment, and the parents were too poor to pay even a small fine. The\nMayor learned the family shingle was still in use in the boys\u2019 homes,\nand as the boys were too young to send to the station-house for a day\nor two, the Mayor sent the boys home with instructions that they should\nbe soundly spanked by their parents as a punishment, and to report at\ncourt the next day whether their sentence had been carried out. The\nscheme worked well until some of the fathers refused to do it, then the\nMayor did it himself until he tired of it, and finally it was required\nto be done in the court-room by the police officer; the plan has worked\nwell and the number has greatly decreased.\n\nOn many prisoners fines are imposed, and he trusts them to be paid on\ninstalments, and they never fail to satisfy the obligation. It acts as\na deterrent to committing a like crime. Squads of tramps are put to\nwork on the city streets without guard, and they very soon skip out of\ntown, fearing re-arrest and a long sentence.\n\n\nTHE WHIPPING-POST.\n\nJudge S. C. Baldwin, of Philadelphia, is in favor of the lash, or\nwhipping-post, for incorrigible boys, and especially for wife-beaters,\nas they are often the only support of the wife and children. The\nSeptember Grand Jury made such a recommendation before Judge\nPennypacker, and he considered it worthy of consideration. But most\nof our Judges considered it not in harmony with the twentieth century\nideas, and were unwilling to express any decided opinion offhand, as\nthe whipping-post was a radical change. Judge Michael Arnold thought\nit would shock the public mind too much, and that the reason why our\npresent plans fail is because the prisoner has too easy a time in jail,\nnot required to work. Judge Robert N. Wilson held that in detaining a\nhusband it often caused more suffering to the wife and children to be\ndeprived of support, and it was a serious question whether it would not\nbe degrading and lower a man\u2019s whole moral nature.\n\nJudge Wm. W. Whitbank thought the matter too radical to be decided\nwithout a careful consideration.\n\nJudge Abraham M. Beitler had very decided views, but the public does\nnot realize the situation. If they would only sit one day in court and\nsee the cases of brutality brought before us, they would very soon\nrecommend more drastic punishment. What are you going to do with a man\nwho beats his wife in a most brutal manner (while drunk, generally),\nbut who is the sole support of that wife and children? If you put him\nin jail you inflict ten times more suffering on his family.\n\nIn regard to the opinion of the Grand Jurymen, that the House of Refuge\nis not operating for the good of society, because not all the boys are\nreformed and converted, all the Judges unanimously expressed themselves\nas not in sympathy with the view taken by the Grand Jury, for we all\nknow of very many cases where the House of Refuge has done splendid\nwork. One of the Judges said:\n\n\u201cYou cannot hope to make a law-abiding citizen out of every criminally\ndisposed boy, and you cannot say that, because a few cases have not\nbeen benefited apparently, that the House of Refuge is a failure. I\nbelieve, on the contrary, that it is doing a most excellent work in\nelevating the morals of the community.\u201d\n\n\nTHE BERTILLON SYSTEM.\n\nIn the past year the Bertillon system has been introduced in several\nof the States (it ought to be in all). Iowa has just found it very\ndesirable. New York State has had it several years, proved of great\nvalue, not only in identifying prisoners, but in the identification\nof several meeting with sudden deaths in railroad accidents. By this\nsystem identification becomes positive and certain, as often as the\nprisoner comes under the measuring instruments, it will be an easy\ntask to lay bare a criminal\u2019s history by referring to his card. If the\nLegislature would enact an indeterminate sentence or parole law, the\neffectiveness of the same would be wonderfully aided by this system\nof identification. There are some who contend that \u201cthe State has no\nright to use this system against the man\u201d--then let us have something\nbetter--a law of the United States requiring every State to enthrone\nthis system, and that a National Bertillon Bureau be established for\nall the convicts of our country. This would be of untold help, and\nmany a time a man\u2019s true character could be asserted before the Judge\nhad pronounced an unjust or inadequate sentence. This present Congress\nwill be implored to establish this National System, by the advice and\nrecommendation of the National Prison Congress.\n\n\nRESULTS OF TREATMENT OF THE INSANE.\n\nLast fall the press often seemed to indicate a startling increase\nof insanity among the inmates of the New York State prisons, and it\naroused scientific discussion. As the number was larger from those\nprisons where work was silent, it was held that the want of exercise\nwas the cause. But when it was shown that from the Elmira Reformatory,\nwhere work is constant, 65 were transferred to the State Hospital at\nMatteawan, the State prison authorities cannot account for the sudden\nincrease. Over 700 the past year were sent to this hospital from penal\ninstitutions.\n\nWho can measure the value of services to those restored as producers,\nand who would lower the standard of care, if it would result in\npreventing a single recovery? Many live in hospitals surrounded with\neverything necessary to their comfort and who may never fully recover,\nbut their burdens are lightened and lives sweetened so far as it is\npossible to do so.\n\nHospital treatment of the insane in this country has made great strides\nin the right direction past few years, by substituting proper and\nhealthful employment in place of mechanical restraint, thus stimulating\na return in the patient to normal conditions, and naturally improving\nthe prospect of final recovery.\n\nThe hospital of to-day is not a prison. It is a place where those\nskilled in the treatment of mental and nervous diseases continually\nminister to those affected; where health-promoting vocations are\nencouraged; where books, magazines, music and entertainments contribute\nto the pleasure and restoration to health of patients.\n\nIt is a startling fact that of those who were discharged as recovered\nnearly one-half had been received at the hospitals within a month or\ntwo after the affliction, and most all of them were afflicted less than\na year prior to their admission.\n\nIn view of this fact, it becomes the duty of friends and persons\nafflicted with insanity (whether in prison or out of it) to see to it\nthat they are early placed in the hospitals, for the probabilities of\nrecovery are greatly in their favor.\n\nMusic both vocal and instrumental, has been found to be exceedingly\nvaluable to restoring unbalanced minds; even brass bands and orchestras\nhave been an untold help.\n\nThe people of our State have a right to expect that its insane who\nare cared for at its hospitals, shall have the best medical skill\nand attention, and the best care that can be given them; pleasant\nsurroundings and good dietary. To this end let us continually labor to\nalways maintain the highest standard of care for those unfortunates.\n\n\nHAVANA PRISONS, CUBA.\n\nUrafall Muntalso, warden of Havana Prison, last fall made a tour of the\nmost noted prisons of the United States, with a view to adopting the\nbest points of our system in the big Government institution of Havana,\nof which he is the head. He spoke of Sing Sing as being so different in\nall its features that one would imagine the institution conducted for\nanother purpose entirely, instead of having exactly the same object. He\ngave high praise to our Eastern Penitentiary as a model institution of\nits kind, and to Warden Bussinger as certainly conducting it in a model\nmanner. Several times expressed that the men seemed happy and contented\nas possible, being detained. Cuba so many generations under Spanish\nrule, with ancient views for punishments of convicts--to introduce\nAmerican reform would seem almost revolutionary, but it must be done.\n\nThe penal institutions heretofore embodied all the unfavorable features\nof solitary confinement, and with very few of the favorable features.\nEducation and employment of convicts in prison was out of the question.\nThe convicts simply served out their sentence, not contributing in\nany way to their own support. By means of the reforms contemplated\nthis will be largely changed. The intention is to improve the sanitary\ncondition of all the penal institutions in Cuba, to alter the buildings\nto modern details, the men to do the work; then as rapidly as possible\nthe humane American features will be introduced. Since Spanish rule has\nbeen cast off, the number of criminals and of crimes committed have\nbeen lessened over one-third. The cause is attributed to its present\nprosperity, thousands being employed, who were long time idle, keeping\nthem honest and out of the hands of the law.\n\n\nAUSTRALIAN PRISON REFORM.\n\nSydney, New South Wales, and in fact all Australian prisons were of\nthe congregate system, free association. The recently introduced\nsystem of restricted association among prisoners is being gradually\nextended, though distasteful to the habitual criminal. Those seeking\nto reform, rejoice to be cut off from the degrading companionship.\nCaptain Neitensteen, the Controller of New South Wales Prison, says:\n\u201cThere is every reason to hope the new departure will improve the\nmoral atmosphere of all the jails, and will lead to the reformation of\nmany prisoners. Already the number committed has decreased over 600,\nand the more serious crimes have received a check. Female prisoners\nhave decreased to 180 prisoners last December, the lowest number in\ntwenty-five years. The prisoners make all the clothing, boots, etc.,\nfor the officers and inmates, beside last year they earned \u00a320,000 in\nwork for the various Government departments repairing buildings, etc.,\noutside the value of labor employed in the domestic work of the various\njails.\n\n\u201cAt Bathurst a complete marble-cutting and polishing plant has been\nerected, occupation to a large body of men. The waste lands attached\nto jails are now being cultivated, giving healthy out-door work of\nreformatory character, and supplies the greater portion of the food.\u201d\n\n\nPRISONS IN OLD PARIS.\n\n[FROM THE GENTLEMAN\u2019S MAGAZINE.]\n\nOf the five principal prisons of Paris during the Reign of Terror, the\nmost hopeless of all the horrible places on earth was the Conciergerie,\nwhence few escaped, except to ride in the fateful tumbril which\nconducted them to the guillotine. All the other prisons fed this one.\nAs many as 80 prisoners a day were sent to the scaffold, and the\nfeeling of terror outside the prisons was almost equal to the dungeon.\nNo one knew when his turn would come. Men\u2019s faces were calm, but hearts\nfilled with fear. Detectives and spies bore false witness everywhere,\neven the gar\u00e7on who served you with a _petit verre_ might be an agent\nof the Republic, whose report might send you to the Conciergerie in the\nevening, and on the morrow to the guillotine. The fatal roll call was\nread out daily. Men rushed to hear if their names were included in the\nlist of victims. If not they breathed more freely, at least they had\nanother day to live. But now how changed! look at the----\n\n\nMODEL FRENCH PRISON.\n\nA SANITARIUM, RETREAT, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION WHERE CRIMINALS ARE\nHANDLED WITH KID GLOVES.\n\nThe new prison at Fresnes, eight miles from Paris, is the largest in\nthe world. Takes the place of three old prisons, is situated in a\nhealthy district, and covers with its main buildings, flower-gardens,\nand villa residences of officials, over half a square mile.\n\nThe prison is not built on the star plan, but consists of five\nrectangular blocks, one of which is the infirmary. The plan is the\ncellular, and the number of cells 1,824. Also accommodation provided\non the association system for 400 privileged prisoners; total criminal\ncapacity is 2,224. As a sanitarium for the criminal Fresnes is unique.\nAs his or her present home, it boasts the proud record of being only\nhalf full, for crime or at least punishment by imprisonment for crime\nis diminishing in France. The system at Fresnes is interesting; the\nauthorities believe in fresh air and sunshine, those foes of the\nmicrobe, and friends of health. Hence the prison is a model sanitarium.\nOtherwise the criminal is gently educated; he works at some trade, and\ncan purchase from the proceeds of his work, extra food and personal\nrequirements, with the exception of tobacco. When the prisoners go\nto worship, which is not compulsory, or to school which is, they\nwear hoods to prevent mutual recognition on release. In some of the\nworkshops this rule does not obtain. The reason for this apparent\ninconsistency is not clear.\n\nEven the officials receive instruction on such subjects as the\nprevention of crime and prison discipline, and as a result of this the\nexcellent idea of the whole prison is admirably carried out. A final\nfeature of Fresnes is the severe simplicity of its architecture.\n\n\nSIBERIAN BANISHMENT.\n\nThe official messenger of the Czar of Russia at St. Petersburg, Oct.\n1, 1900, published the Imperial ukase providing for the abolition of\nbanishment at Siberia. The Czar commissioned the Minister of Justice to\ndraw a law for abolishing such banishment. This was sanctioned by the\nCouncil of the Empire, and has been signed by the Czar, thus the law is\nnow gazetted.\n\n\nNORWAY PRISON.\n\nA member of our Pennsylvania Prison Society, returning from the land\nof the midnight sun, reports his visit to the principal prison at\nAkerstuis, Christiania, Norway. When he made known that he was a member\nof the oldest Prison Society in the world he was shown the utmost\nattention by Director Peter Soelberg. He describes it as the congregate\nsystem, and being shown over the entire plant, the sleeping-cells,\ndining-room, baths, culinary departments, &c., describes it as\nexceedingly clean and neat with a purity of atmosphere. The chapel is\nvery large and all the prisoners are required to attend service twice\non Sundays and also on other days.\n\nThe workshops are many, and the trades pursued are carpentry,\ncabinet-work, blacksmithing, wheelwright, harness, boots and shoes,\ntinsmith, making all kinds of household utensils, and weaving by hand.\nIf a prisoner has no trade, he is taught one before he goes out; their\nobject is to turn out men reformed and able to make their own living.\nThe prisoner receives part of the profits he made while in prison,\nto help him on his release, which is then paid to him. All the goods\nmanufactured in prison are sold at a store outside, at a little less\nprice, and the people go there to purchase, yet there is a fair profit\nmade. The prisoners have outdoor exercise every day, they have a\nschoolmaster besides a moral instructor, and they are treated as erring\nbrothers, called by their first name; the Director was horrified at the\nthought of our calling a man by a number, when the object was to reform\nhim and make him appreciate his position as a citizen or subject of his\ncountry. Women prisoners were very few.\n\n[Illustration: REV. R. HEBER BARNES,\n\nChairman Finance Committee and the Editorial Board.]\n\n\n\n\nTHE NATIONAL PRISON CONGRESS.\n\nCLEVELAND, OHIO, SEPTEMBER 22-26, 1900.\n\n\nThe meetings were held in the hall of the Young Men\u2019s Christian\nAssociation, except on Sunday. There were 201 delegates present. Ohio\nhad 40, and Pennsylvania next, with 25. The official delegates present\nfrom this Society were Mrs. Deborah C. Leeds, John J. Lytle, and Rev.\nR. Heber Barnes.\n\nOn the platform were Governor George K. Nash, Abraham Wiedner, Chairman\nof the local committee; Captain Edward S. Wright, President of the\nAssociation; Rev. D. Morgan Wood, of Plymouth Congregational Church;\nHon. Frederick Howard Wines, LL. D., of Washington, D.C.; Rev. John\nL. Milligan, of Allegheny, Pa.; M. W. Beacom, who represented Mayor\nFarley, and others who had achieved national reputation for reform in\nprison work.\n\nDirector of Public Charities Abraham Wiedner, as Chairman of the\nlocal committee, presided, and made a brief speech of welcome. Rev.\nDr. Morgan Wood made the opening prayer. Director Wiedner introduced\nGovernor Nash.\n\n\nGOV. GEORGE K. NASH, ADDRESS OF WELCOME.\n\nTo me has been assigned the pleasant duty to express to you, in behalf\nof the people of Ohio, a hearty welcome. We appreciate the honor of\nhaving you meet with us, and also the noble work in which you are\nengaged.\n\nWhen the Association was first organized it was presided over for a\nnumber of years by that noble man, Rutherford B. Hayes. After his death\nanother noble man from Ohio became your presiding officer; and I am\nglad that General Brinkerhoff is still in our midst.\n\nMy understanding is that there are two purposes in punishing crime. The\nfirst is to protect society; the second, to bring about the reformation\nof the prisoners. With these ends in view the prisons should always be\nhealthful, but the prisoners should not live in luxury. The reformation\nof the prisoner is most desirable, and he should be treated with that\nend in view. If you succeed in reforming those men and women you have\naccomplished a most noble work. In your efforts you need and are\nentitled to the sympathy of all, and I give you a most hearty welcome\nto the old \u201cBuckeye State.\u201d\n\nThe chairman introduced CORPORATION COUNSEL M. W. BEACOM, who\nrepresented MAYOR JOHN H. FARLEY in his absence.\n\nI wish to express the Mayor\u2019s feeling of gratitude, that you have\nchosen this city for your conclave. Your purpose is not to further\nyour own interest, but to uplift humanity. I take it that there is\na tendency in the caring for criminals to run to sentimentalism. I\nthink that all such theories should be laid aside, but the health and\nenvironment of the prisoners should be good. In behalf of the Mayor and\nthe people of Cleveland I welcome you to this city.\n\n\nHON. FREDERICK HOWARD WINES, LL.D.,\n\nResponded in a graceful way to the addresses of welcome. He outlined\nthe objects of work of the Association at some length. Dr. Wines is\nthe Assistant Director of the United States Census, and, as Assistant\nDirector, thought he ought to be the most popular man in Cleveland. He\nsaid he was very glad to come to Ohio, for it was his birthplace. What\nthe Governor has said about the object of this organization was right\nso far as it goes. Not only do we mean to look after the interests of\nprisoners, while they are in prison, but also after they have been\nreleased, and even before they are put in prison. We want to know with\nreference to the prisoner what is desirable and possible to do for him.\nDr. Wines spoke of the different theories held with reference to the\ncriminal class. One view, he said was held generally by many religious\npeople, and it was that since all people were bad, the so-called prison\nclass was no worse than the other class except in being less fortunate.\nThe other extreme view was, that the average prisoner had so inherited\ncriminal tendencies, that all efforts to reform him would prove futile.\nThe truth, he said, lay somewhere between these two extremes.\n\n\nADDRESS.\n\nCAPTAIN EDWARD S. WRIGHT, PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION.\n\nWe all retain memories of having regard for all the men and women who\nhave been helpers in the work we have in hand. One name will always\nstand highest, that of General Rutherford B. Hayes, for ten years our\nPresident, and to many of us a type of a gallant American gentleman.\nHis life and labor in the promotion of humanity in prisons, and the\nreformation of the imprisoned, are crystalized in the records of the\nproceedings of the Association.\n\nFollowing the history of prison reform work in the world, and\nespecially in this country, he said, \u201cThus it has come about that a\ncellular system of confinement in separation in the intervals of work\nhas come to be called the American System of imprisonment. In nearly\nall the prisons of this country details may vary in some points, but\nin the main the prisons closely resemble each other. No better form of\nimprisonment has yet been devised. Nearly all these changes in prison\ndiscipline of the United States have taken form in the latter part of\nthe century.\u201d\n\n\u201cThe Constitution laws, of nearly all the States have been enacted\nsince the National Prison Association took strong grounds in favor of\nthis feature, in which reward and punishment go hand in hand. A system\nof classification first introduced in the Elmira Prison Reformatory has\nbeen adopted in substance by the majority of all classes and\n\n\nGRADES OF PRISONS.\n\nAs the work goes on it will be found to lead step by step to the\nindeterminate sentence law, or a system which holds the prisoner in the\ncontrol of the law, until he has given evidence of a reformed life.\n\n\nEDUCATION.\n\nAn interesting change in the method of conducting prison schools\ndeserves consideration. Illiterate prisoners of all ages, cripples, and\nmen of clouded intellect are brought into a real school, with hours\nof instructions each day. Education is only given in the elementary\nbranches, but such great progress has been made, that it would seem\npossible to extend its curriculum especially with the long sentenced\noffenders.\n\n\nPRISON LABOR\n\nremains an unsettled problem, except its future in the South, and here\nand there in the North, where the expense of support has been met by\nthe earnings, show no inclination to adopt measures really leading up\nto its eventual abolition as a means and measure in prison discipline.\n\n\u201cConvicts should be constantly employed in intelligent labor or work\nhaving a beneficial object and result. We should all hope that common\nhumanity, which underlies all hearts, must some day agree upon a system\nof labor for all ages and conditions, it has been considered a man\u2019s\ncommon heritage; the most helpful to his restoration to honesty and\nvirtue.\n\n\nBERTILLON SYSTEM OF IDENTIFICATION.\n\n\u201cTo promote efficiency to the system of measurement and photography\nthroughout the country, Congress will be asked to enact and establish\nsuch a National Bureau. When that has been secured, many facts as\nto crime and criminals can be made plain to all. For the repeater,\nseverity is mercy. On that thought much could be said, for it underlies\nall systems and methods of modern prison discipline. If we contrast the\nconditions, methods, and laws now the rule in all prisons with those of\none hundred years ago, there is great reason for thankfulness and hope\nfor the future.\u201d\n\nAt the adjournment of the evening session a reception was held in the\nparlor of the Y. M. C. A., where all the visitors shook hands with\nGovernor Nash.\n\nThe headquarters were at the Colonial Hotel, where most of the\ndelegates stopped. The delegates were furnished with a badge, and also\na package of twenty trolley-car tickets to ride on any of the lines.\nThese were donated by the car line management.\n\n\nSUNDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 23d.\n\nThe delegates met at the Colonial Hotel and marched to the Epworth\nMemorial M. E. Church to listen to the annual sermon by Rev. Ward\nBeecher Pickard, D.D. It was a masterly production, so well filled\nwith good thoughts, that it was constantly referred to throughout the\nsessions.\n\nThe theme of Dr. Pickard\u2019s sermon was \u201cGod\u2019s child, the criminal.\u201d\nI refrain from any extracts as it is to be published for general\ndistribution, as a leaflet, for a help to prison workers.\n\nSunday evening, at the Old Stone Church, Chaplain Rev. John L.\nMilligan, General Secretary, made the invocation prayer, Chaplain\nWilliam J. Batt read the Scripture lesson, and the evening was taken\nup with short popular addresses on prison reform, by President Wright\non the aims of work of the Association, Hon. Samuel J. Barrows on the\nInternational Penitentiary Congress, held at Brussels, Belgium, General\nR. Brinkerhoff of Ohio, Hon. H. H. Hart of Illinois Children\u2019s Home and\nAid Society, Professor Rev. C. R. Henderson, University of Chicago.\n\n\nMONDAY, 9 A. M., SEPTEMBER 24TH.\n\nWARDENS\u2019 ASSOCIATION MEETING.\n\nPRESIDENT\u2019S ANNUAL ADDRESS, ALBERT GARVIN,\n\nWARDEN CONNECTICUT STATE PRISON.\n\nIt contained a number of striking features. He strongly advocated the\nadoption of the indeterminate sentence plan, and that of productive\nlabor. Among other things he said:--\u201cThe absolute indeterminate\nsentence for all prisoners except life convicts is, in my opinion,\nthe only logical method of dealing with the delinquent classes. Upon\ncriminals it should operate as a definite deterrent influence. To\nhabitual offenders it would be a danger sign, and it would beget new\nrisks in the commission of crime. Under it the sifting process, by\nwhich the reformable prisoners are sorted from the incorrigibles, could\nbe intelligently applied; powerful motives for the abandonment of\ncriminal practices would be created, and safeguards for the protection\nof society would be erected.\u201d\n\nThe State might as reasonably send an insane person to an asylum for\na definite time, as to convict a criminal to a prison for a specific\nperiod. If the management in the one case is competent to discharge,\nwhy not in the other?\n\n\u201cFrom every penal institution in the country convicts are being\nregularly discharged, who as the management only too well knows, will\npromptly resume the criminal program which was temporarily interrupted\nby a term of prison.\n\n\u201cEvery consideration of social welfare demands that, on the one hand\nthe criminal should be kept under restraint until he is fit to be\nreleased, and that, on the other hand once fit to be released, he\nshould be conditionally discharged. This system should not only afford\nthe largest measure of protection to life and property, but it would\nalso supply the most practical method for the reformation of the\noffender.\u201d\n\nThe galling fire which is kept up against productive labor in penal\ninstitutions, is born of a mistaken or partial view of the situation,\nand is not justified by the whole body of facts in the case. It is\nestimated that the value of the products of penal institutions does not\nexceed one tenth of one per cent of the total value of the products\nof the manufacturing industries of the whole United States. This fact\nrenders it obvious that the economic and competitive effect of convict\nlabor upon free labor is in the aggregate insignificant, and that it\nwholly fails to justify the persistent warfare which some people take\npleasure in waging against prison industry.\n\nIt would be superfluous to state in a gathering of this kind, that\nregular and intelligent employment is absolutely essential to the\nmoral and physical welfare of convicts, and the enforced idleness\nbegets sullenness, immorality, sickness, insanity, and retards, if\nindeed it does not entirely prevent, the improvement of which the\nprisoners might otherwise be susceptible. In all intelligent efforts\nto reform convicted criminals, work is an indispensable factor--and\nonly productive labor is reformative labor. Both the practical and the\nethical requirements of the situation make for productive labor.\n\n\nADDRESS BY H. F. HATCH, IONA, MICH.\n\n\u201c_A contractor\u2019s view of prison discipline._\u201d\n\nJOSEPH F. SCOTT, WARDEN MASSACHUSETTS STATE REFORMATORY,\n\nSpoke of \u201c_Civil service in Prison_.\u201d\n\nA deplorable evil was the constant changes in prison management for\npolitical reasons, it was an evil which had to be eliminated. Mentioned\nseveral instances, where prisons were entirely under civil service rule\nwith very satisfactory results.\n\nRecreation and privileges as aid to prison discipline was freely and\nfavorably discussed.\n\nThe food problem in prisons was discussed. This being a wardens\u2019\nmeeting, the wardens of almost every penitentiary in the country\n(including our warden of the Eastern Penitentiary) told briefly what\nfood was given to the inmates of their prison. The cost ranged from\n7-1/2 cents to 10 cents for each prisoner, average was 9 cents.\n\nIt was also agreed that a prison orchestra could do much good in a\nprison. A music hour was also advocated, during which every prisoner\nshould be allowed to play whatever instrument he chose in his cell.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nGeorge Scheidler, warden of Northern Indiana State Prison, said he had\nfound that the improvement of prison food had done much to establish\nconfidence between prisoners and officials. He said Indiana supplied\nfood baked, roasted, stewed, etc., and that the menu is changed every\nday.\n\n\nMONDAY AFTERNOON.\n\nTHE CHAPLAIN\u2019S MEETING, 2 P. M.\n\nA meeting which at times waxed warm. One of the subjects for discussion\nwas Dr. McKim\u2019s recent book, \u201cHeredity and Human Progress.\u201d The\nconsensus of opinion among the chaplains was that the cause of crime\nis not psychological, as Dr. McKim tries to prove, but sociological,\nand it behooves the churches especially to try not only to improve\nthe environments of the prisoners and ex-convicts, but to study more\nclosely the cause of crime.\n\n\nADDRESS. REV. WM. J. BATT, CHAPLAIN, CONCORD, MASS.\n\nHe reviewed the past work of the Chaplains\u2019 Association, and said:\n\u201cThat as they looked back he certainly felt very much had been gained\nfrom the existence of this organization,\u201d and that much more could\nbe done to aid the wardens and superintendents in the management of\nprisons and reformatories. That criminality was not on the increase,\nbeing lessened by public education, beginning in our public schools,\nwhere there has been no backward step in the matter of discipline and\nstudy of civil government.\n\nTo-day the cry is: \u201cUse the preventative in the case of the discharged\nprisoner.\u201d Yes, but what is needed is to use the preventative\n\u201ceducation\u201d at all times before he has cause to enter a prison gate.\n\nThe value of the parole, and possibly of the indeterminate sentence\nwhen enthroned, requires that in person you lend a helping hand to such\na man to uplift him to better ways. The highest realization of our\nhopes in this world we shall never see, when all the gloomy enclosures\nof prison walls stand empty. Let there be earnest courage to walk and\nwork by the light now shining about us, for the Light of the world is\nJesus Christ.\n\n\nCHAPLAIN WM. A. LOCKE, MANSFIELD, OHIO, READ A PAPER ON\n\n\u201c_Prison Methods; Formative and Reformative_.\u201d\n\nCrime is very largely due to poverty, or rather to what he called\nmisdirected energy, both of mind and soul, and is a problem in\nsociology to direct activities from abnormal into normal channels.\nHe dwelt much on prison discipline as of the greatest importance,\nand could not be too exacting, but that whatever methods might be\nemployed, no violence should be done to the man within the man; that\npunishment should always be reformative. He spoke of the prisoner as\na social iconoclast, who had lost his ambition, his help, and who\nsought to destroy what other men cherish. \u201cIt is the object of the\nprison to teach such a personal respect for social obligations, that\nnothing belongs to anyone except what he has gained by his brawn or his\nbrains.\u201d He touched on the evils of saloons, and said: \u201cThrough the\ndoors of saloons to the prison doors pass one-half of the prisoners in\nthis State.\u201d\n\n\nPRACTICAL PRISON REFORM.\n\nCHAPLAIN D. R. IMBRIE, HOBOKEN, PA.\n\nA paper on \u201cA Decade of Prison Reform: The Realized and the\nUnrealized.\u201d Among other things he said: \u201cWhat is society? It is\nan individual, of which the members are individuals. It is one in\ninterest, one in object, one in benefit, with the individual its\nfactor. Its laws are the laws of God, and it strives to keep the letter\nof the law (but not always the spirit), but one thing is lacking--an\nall-powerful, soul-filling charity. It is the object of public\nphilanthropy, of sociologists, of reformers in general, of this Prison\nCongress, to bring to the social world a realization of the eleventh\ncommandment--to love thy neighbor as thyself.\n\nA very able paper was read by Rev. Dr. F. A. Gold, of Mansfield,\nOhio, on \u201cThe Chaplain\u2019s Work from a Pastor\u2019s Point of View,\u201d which\nrecommended co-operative work of religious and semi-religious\nassociations as helpers.\n\nRev. Dr. H. H. Hart, of Chicago, criticized the paper, about\ndelegates sent from the Y. M. C. A. and W. C. T. U.; the young clergy\nand Brotherhood men visiting prisons for the purpose of reforming\nprisoners, he claimed that very many were not real themselves, and we\ncould not look for any success.\n\nRev. David J. Starr, Chaplain of Ohio State Penitentiary, in answering\nMr. Hart said, that to find instances where actual injury was done by\npreaching, one need not go to the prisons, we see it on the outside, at\nrevival meetings and other places. However that should not discourage\nany one from trying to induce men to lead better lives through the\nGospel of Christ. What we need is less preaching and more hard work of\nsympathy.\n\nHon. Frederick Howard Wines, LL.D., of Washington, D. C., spoke\nabout the recent book by Dr. McKim, \u201cHeredity and Human Progress.\u201d\nThe drastic remedies of crime, are they Christian? He personally\nconsidered it not worthy of being chosen as a special topic of the\nAssociation. The fundamental weakness of Dr. McKim\u2019s position is his\npreconceived notions. Let each one look that book over, you are not\nlikely to read it all.\n\nChaplain J. F. Orwick, Jackson, Mich., read a paper about the\nobservance of Prison Sunday (the fourth Sunday in October). He lamented\nthat in so few churches it was observed, except in Chicago, where 300\nsermons were preached last year.\n\nOren C. Painter, Treasurer of The Prisoners Aid Association, Baltimore,\nMd., spoke of their annual report, that last year 1,577 men and\nwomen were discharged from Baltimore Prison; and that they aided 564\ndischarged prisoners, furnished 4,644 meals and 1,502 night\u2019s lodgings\nto men and women.\n\nMrs. Deborah C. Leeds made some brief remarks about reform.\n\nProfessor Charles R. Henderson, Chicago, claimed that if the people did\nnot wake up and realize the necessity to reform themselves, how shall\nwe expect to reform other men and women of like nature.\n\n\nMONDAY, EVENING, SEPTEMBER 24TH.\n\nADDRESS--HON. SAMUEL J. BARROWS, MEMBER INTERNATIONAL PENITENTIARY\nCOMMISSION, \u201cTHE INTERNATIONAL PENITENTIARY CONGRESS\u201d BRUSSELS,\nBELGIUM, LAST YEAR.\n\nThe remarks were of great value to people interested in prison work and\nthe care of prisoners. He made comparison between the management of\nprisons in this country, and some of the European countries, mentioning\nincidentally that in some of the prisons of Europe, methods were in\nvogue which were no longer thought of in this country.\n\nHe outlined briefly the mode of work of the Congress and gave\ninteresting details of the reforms and improvement brought about\nthrough the influence of this commission.\n\nThe Congress at Brussels, 1899, had about 90 official delegates,\nrepresenting 29 different countries; and 247 visitors from other\ncountries who came for information.\n\nHe mentioned that the unification and expansion tendency of nationality\nmight tend very largely to a healthy interchange of ideas, as the\nrecords of this Congress are made the property of the whole world\nby translation. States most progressive are those who confer in the\ngeneral interests of life. He spoke of John Howard and his influence in\nall the world, and especially in England.\n\nDr. F. H. Wines was sent by the United States Government to meet and\nexchange ideas and experiences with other countries; he was not the\nfirst to suggest the organization of an International Congress, this\nwas suggested by private men, several years previous.\n\n\u201cHow to preserve the continuance of this Congress, each country\npromised a permanent commissioner. The United States failed to make\nsuch an appointment. Dr. Wines has the appointment from time to time\nonly, but our government is now about to take it up again and resume\nits former responsibility. In this the United States will be fully able\nto take its part.\n\n\u201cAt these international meetings no papers are read, all the papers\nare printed before the meetings, they are translated in different\nlanguages; then each country, answers the matter clearly in discussion,\nquestions on reports, &c. Last year the United States was not\nofficially represented on the commission, and the Delegates did not\nfeel comfortable. All members are supposed to make themselves familiar\nwith the papers on the programme before they come up. Sometimes there\nare too many questions to discuss properly. And even in our own country\nit is impossible to get some details, to give a proper answer; for\ninstance, the United States Commissioners\u2019 duties touching the Criminal\nInsane. It was very hard to get the facts from States, for there\nwere so few that had any central bureau of information, it took the\nGovernment a long time to get any from a positive source.\n\n\u201cPenological questions were answered by monograph reports, such as\nrelation of crimes to misdemeanor in the United States; reports to show\nthe penalty and charges; result of the combined work was one of great\nvalue, for one cannot go to Paris or elsewhere to the meeting--to know\nthat his contribution will be translated.\n\n\u201cHe spoke of the United States Reformatory statistics being deficient,\nand of the prison management of the cellular or separate system in the\nUnited States department as very meagre, and now almost abandoned in\nthe United States, and yet almost wholly installed in every country,\nand new prisons now building throughout Europe, with a system of\ncentralization suggested by the State of New York, but while New York\nState prisoners share in the earning, all Europe is to the contrary.\n\n\u201cAfter thirty years of fraternal conference at these Association\nmeetings, is there anything we can agree upon as principles, to\nlay down and not regret the cellular system? The whole matter of\nchild-saving was conservative, but it layed on the fact of education.\nAlcoholism should be banished, the army canteen, etc. France\nstrenuously opposed it. Throughout all Europe you see the influence of\nJohn Howard and Dr. Wines. England has taken prisons entirely out of\npolitics, and the criminal insane is treated from a medical standpoint.\nMost of Europe has adopted the Bertillon system, and only a very small\npart of the United States, as yet.\n\n\u201cOf labor, there is no difference in any country, and good behavior\nearns a shortened sentence. In the United States, twenty States have\nadopted this rebate of sentence, seventeen the parole system in whole\nor in part, six an indeterminate sentence in part. Transportation as\na punishment in Russia has been given up. The United States had the\nhonor to start this International Congress, which has been continued by\nother countries, and now the United States again agrees to do her part\nby appointment. Personal intercourse and association is the bond of\nbrotherhood inspiration.\u201d\n\n\nADDRESS--HON. C. V. COLLINS, SUPT. N. Y. STATE PRISONS.\n\n\u201c_Education as an Element of Reform Among Criminals._\u201d\n\n\u201cThe course of education, training and discipline in a penal\ninstitution should be one that would stimulate, develop and strengthen\nthe criminal physically, mentally and morally--one that will show and\nimpress upon him the folly and personal loss of defying the laws,\nand becoming an outcast, and that will lead him to understand, and\ntherefore to desire the benefits that honesty, sobriety, industry and\nthrift will afford him; that is, to aim to create in him a desire for,\nand abhorrence of, the associations, the conditions and penalties of\na criminal life, and instil into him a respect and desire for the\nassociations, conditions and regards of an upright life. The ideal\npenal institutions should combine with elementary mental training and\nthe functions of a sanitarium, a reformatory and an industrial school.\n\n\u201cIn order that the State may attain more satisfactory results in its\nefforts to educate its criminals into good citizens and diminish the\nnumber of this class, I deem it necessary that the methods followed\nin the several classes of penal institutions to have close relation\none to the other; this can only be brought about by adopting a general\nplan of administration, whereby the State shall take charge of all\nplaces for the detention of criminals, and shall control them through\na central directing head, thus locating the responsibility, and by\nthe inauguration of a comprehensive and systematical system of labor\nand discipline to insure a continuity of correctional and educational\ntraining that may easily be made productive in material results and in\nsalutary influence on the prisoners.\u201d\n\nMr. Collins indicated, that for first offender criminals, the State had\na fixed standard of criminality and punishments, but that the State\neither feebly enforced it, or refused to establish it.\n\nOur object is, or should be one that would strengthen and uplift the\nprisoner, to utilize all the conditions of whatever uprightness there\nwas in him, by Christian teaching, industrial education, good dietary,\nbaths, shops, cells, etc., in fact, physical and spiritual training.\nEvery prison needs one or more dentist and oculist, we need many for\nour 4,300 convicts. Some of the convicts are credited with small\nearnings, received when they go out. The number of the illiterate is\nless than ten per cent. We need auxiliary helps to give employment.\n\nIn Sing Sing there is a bi-weekly paper, contributed, edited and\nprinted exclusively by State\u2019s prisoners, it has a great educational\ninfluence, called \u201cStar of Hope.\u201d At the Paris Exposition, it so\nimpressed the leaders in France that they have decided to adopt it.\nA parole under proper restrictions is what is hoped for; idleness is\nthe general cause of all county jails. Now if you will only rescue all\nclasses, say for even less than a year, by proper parole, there is no\ntelling how much progress we can make.\n\nDon\u2019t put the old offender and the first offender together; the third\nor more term men should be cellular. A general plan of administration\nwith a central head of government in charge of all the condemned of the\nState (like the Bertillon Bureau) is to be desired everywhere.\n\n\nADDRESS.\n\nPROFESSOR CHARLES R. HENDERSON, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.\n\n\u201c_The Sociological Side of Prison Reform._\u201d\n\nHe made special reference to the Bertillon system of classifying\ntypes of criminals. This Government has already established schools\nof sociology and hygiene at several different penal institutions. As\nchairman of a committee appointed by the last Congress to inquire into\nthe advisability of establishing laboratories for the scientific study\nof prisoners, made a report.\n\n\nSCIENTIFIC CRIMINAL STUDY.\n\nIn it was recommended the experimental establishment of laboratories in\nselected institutions for the study of the physical, psychological,\nand social facts of criminal life and nature, such laboratories to be\nin charge of experts under the control of superintendents. What is\nproposed for prisons and reformatories is a laboratory conducted by a\nspecialist for the scientific study of prison populations, with special\nreference at first to obvious practical needs of the administration in\nthe discipline and training of prisoners.\n\nThe studies would be (1st) Physical: the anatomy and physiology of\nprisoners, measurements of sensations, and other mental manipulations,\nand the heredity of the prisoners; (2nd) Psychological: the mental,\nemotional, and voluntary life; the tastes, ideas, knowledge, motions,\netc.; (3rd) Social: the domestic, industrial, neighborhood, legal,\npolitical, and religious environment and culture.\n\nThe committee was continued--directed to gather more information\nfor next year; also urged to interest the Attorney General of the\nUnited States with the view to establish a laboratory by the National\nGovernment at the Government prison.\n\n\nTUESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 24TH.\n\n\u201c_Criminal Law Reform._\u201d\n\nJudge Martin Dewey Follet, of Marietta, Ohio, gave a brief synopsis of\nthe report (which was not read).\n\n\nREPORT ON \u201cPREVENTATIVE AND REFORMATORY WORK,\u201d GEORGE TORRANCE,\nPONTIAC, ILL., SUPERINTENDENT STATE REFORMATORY.\n\nIt was his personal views, and not those of the committee. Nearly the\nwhole morning was taken up in its discussion. This was the first time\nfigures were even given based on the actual investigation of the cause\nof crime.\n\nOn the matter of heredity and environment, he said in part: \u201cI have no\nhesitation in saying that at least 85 per cent. of all men and boys\nwho have committed crime, if taken charge of in time and subjected\nto proper treatment, will become good citizens.\u201d IF physicians and\nprofessors who believe that heredity is the direct cause of crime is\ntrue, then it cannot be done, but their theory is not correct, nor\n\n\nFOUNDED ON FACTS.\n\nIt is true unquestionably, that there are hereditary criminals, but\nthey constitute a very small per cent. of the whole number. For the\npurpose of putting this controversy to the test of facts, I have had\nan investigation made of the record and family history, so far as\nthe commission of crime is concerned. Of 1,000 boys admitted to the\nIllinois State Reformatory, between Oct. 26, 1897 and Oct. 23, 1898,\nthese figures would be substantially true of any other thousand, as\nthey are taken consecutively; and were from the city, villages and farm.\n\nOf this number there were 71 brothers, 3 sisters, 17 fathers and\n2 mothers, who had been convicted of violation of the law, 20 for\ndisorderly conduct only, for which they were fined. The others had\nworkhouse, jail, reformatory, or penitentiary sentences. Forty of\nthese were cases in which there were two in one family, thus the\n40 represented 20 families. This leaves a total of 73 families\nrepresented, making a little over seven per cent. with criminal\ninclinations traceable to heredity.\n\nThe others admitted came from families of which all the other members\nwere law-abiding citizens. It may be said heredity might affect the\nboy, and yet the remainder of the family do well. Conceding this to\nbe so, and probably is, in some cases, it would not add more to the\nper cent. given, than would be subtracted by withdrawing from it the\nfamilies in which two members had committed a crime where heredity was\nnot the cause.\n\nConsidering 10 per cent. of the criminal class to be such because of\nheredity--(that is a liberal estimate) 90 per cent. must be accounted\nfor in some other way. Ninety per cent. of the young convicted of\ncrimes, would not become criminals with proper surroundings, proper\ncompanions, and proper attention.\n\nHe claimed that all severe punishment must be abolished in\nreformatories, else they may as well be extinct; he believed in the\nindeterminate sentence and\n\n\nTHE PAROLE LAWS.\n\n\u201cThey are necessary to the effectual work in the reformatory. They\nfurnish the lever, with which to maintain discipline.\u201d In the\nindeterminate sentence and the parole of the reformatory, the prisoner\nwill succeed when he finds that he can pass the examinations if he\nlives up to the proper requirements. The length of time for a cure is\nuncertain, it may be a year or two. Under the indeterminate sentence\nthey serve longer, than under the determinate! We all know that in\ncourt when his case is heard, the sympathy of the jury is almost always\nwith the first offender.\n\nA good citizen is not an expense to the State, and the proverb \u201cOnce\na criminal always a criminal,\u201d is not true, for they can and are\nreformed. Crime is not on the increase, and the reform educational\nsystem is appreciated by the people, while the court only fixes the\npenalty. Idleness increases the troubles in our land, and the Gospel\nof our Saviour should be the study of the human race. There was a long\ndiscussion on his paper, principally about the heredity cause.\n\n\nH. E. ALLISON, M. D., STATE HOSPITAL FOR CRIMINAL INSANE, MATTAWAN, N.\nY., FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON,\n\nSpoke of \u201cPreventative Heredity of Crime.\u201d He considered 10 per cent. a\nvery strong factor. They had received at the Asylum 175 twelve-year-old\nboys from the Elmira Reformatory. But this does not agree with Mr.\nTorrance, but there might be a larger percentage in a little older\ngrowth.\n\nThere has been great progress in the care and treatment of the insane.\nOur population now (Sept, 1900,) is 765 in N. Y. State Asylum,\nMattawan; and soon we will need two institutions, for the 1st, 2nd and\n3rd term insane must be classified. In a short time we shall have from\n1,200 to 1,500, as they are to be taken from all the institutions of\nthe State that they may have proper treatment as well as reform. The\nlife men in the New York prisons is 25 per cent. of the prison roll,\nand we need two institutions, one for the convict insane, and one for\nthe insane, charged with crime. We have now over 300 detained after the\nexpiration of their term.\n\n\nT. J. CHARLTON, SUPT. REFORMATORY SCHOOL FOR BOYS, PLAINFIELD, INDIANA,\n\nSpoke of the commitments on the charge of heredity, as being so few in\nthat State, less than three per cent.\n\n\nCAPTAIN C. S. TREMBY, U. S. N.,\n\nSpoke of the discipline, etc., in the Spanish war, and especially at\nSantiago, of the extreme kindness in the discipline to the Spanish\nprisoners. The naval discipline seemed to him of a much better class\nand showed better work.\n\nIn the U. S. Naval Prison there is one-third time off for good\nbehavior. This went into effect by direction of the court.\n\n\nMRS. FRANCES A. MORTON, SUPT. REFORMATORY FOR WOMEN, SOUTH FARMINGTON,\nMASS.,\n\nSpoke of the needs of elementary practice in education--that at\nSherbourne Reformatory for Women, all the holidays\u2019 recreations have\nbeen cut off for the want of education, viz.: 22nd of February, only\neight of 200 women could tell why the day was observed, and only nine\ncould tell why the 4th of July was kept. Since the death of Mrs.\nJohnson, one has not arisen to take her place so fully. Any rebellious\nwoman is now put out of sight, not allowed to associate with the rest.\nSewing-schools, housekeeping, &c., are for their moral elevation.\n\n\nADDRESS.\n\nREV. AUGUST DRAHMS, CHAPLAIN STATE PRISON, SAN QUENTIN, CALIFORNIA.\n\n\u201c_Increase and Decrease of Crime in Civilized Countries._\u201d\n\nHe showed that crime in England decreased 35 per cent. in 16 years,\nand now it is but two and a half per cent. of the population. Juvenile\ndecrease in Reformatory was 22 per cent. less. Scotland 8 per cent.\nless. United States last 7 years raised 1-44/100 per cent. Russia 32\nper cent. decrease in 10 years. Austria 2 per cent. decrease in 6\nyears, Hungary less. Sweden less in serious offences by 30 per cent. in\n10 years, Norway less. Netherlands falling off in prison offences, but\nmuch increased in 11 years to 35 per cent. Russia was 6,000, now 2,100,\nJapan less. France is foremost, decreased one-third in the past period,\nby 46,000 or 31 per cent. in all her prisons. In 1896 there were but\n15,100 prisoners. Estimate of all in prison throughout the world in\n1890 is 263,500.\n\nHon. Frederick H. Wines, LL.D., Washington, D. C., spoke of the\nincrease and decrease of crime in civilized countries which caused\nmuch discussion; as he is the Assistant Director of the United States\nCensus, he expressed his great admiration of the paper read by Chaplain\nDrahms, and its optimistic view; but he said you make a great mistake\nwhen information is based on the increase from the United States\nCensus, for the prison census prior to 1880 is worthless, they were not\ntaken, and the estimates were made by those in authority in my office.\nThe census of 1890 was made particularly by the officers, and 1900 will\ncertainly show a marked decrease of crime.\n\n\nNEXT CONGRESS MEETING PLACE.\n\nInvitations were extended by the following cities--Philadelphia,\nDetroit, Chattanooga, Kansas City, Cincinnati, Niagara Falls. The\nDelegate Committee met after adjournment and decided on Kansas City.\n\n\nENTERTAINMENT OF THE CONGRESS.\n\nThis afternoon at two o\u2019clock, all met at the hotel for a drive; forty\nopen carriages, drags, tally-hos, &c., with teams varying from two to\nfive horses, were provided by the gentlemen of the city, very elegant\nturnouts; and all were taken to the Garfield Monument, thence through\nthe park to the lake front, returned about seven o\u2019clock. On the way\nall were refreshed in the park with lemonade. The drive was greatly\nenjoyed by all, as we were taken through the finest parts of the city,\nand saw the bright side.\n\n\nTUESDAY EVENING.\n\nDr. J. F. Gilmore, Warden Central Prison, Toronto, Canada, invited the\nCongress to a meeting to be held Thursday, Sept. 27th, at Toronto in\nbehalf of the Charities and Correction of Canada.\n\nW. E. Shefton, Supt. of the Ohio Reformatory, at Mansfield, invited the\nCongress to visit that institution before they returned home.\n\n\nJOS\u00c9 F. GODOY, FIRST SECRETARY OF THE MEXICAN EMBASSY, WASHINGTON, D.\nC.,\n\nSpoke of its prisons; they were partially after our cellular plan,\npartly under the State government, and partly by private enterprise in\nthe lesser misdemeanors. That the prison officials were required to\nkeep a very minute description of every man, and that they were treated\nmorally and physically according as the several cases required, that\nthere was no absolute settled plan, that every man should be treated\nalike, as in most of the United States, but that there was a tendency\nin that direction.\n\n\nADDRESS, HON. EUGENE SMITH, NEW YORK CITY.\n\n\u201c_The Cost of Crime._\u201d\n\nIt was very comprehensive, and the figures quoted giving the estimates\nand cost of crime, especially in large cities were astonishing. Mr.\nSmith held that municipal and county taxation was very largely due to\ncrime; that there was hardly any taxation, federal, State, county or\nmunicipal, but what could be greatly reduced except for the existence\nof crime.\n\nIn order to come to some definite conclusion as to the cost, Mr. Smith\nquoted statistics from representative cities, New York, Cleveland,\nChicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, Richmond, Charleston, and New\nOrleans.\n\n\nSOME STARTLING FIGURES.\n\nNew York, during the year 1899, paid from the public treasury for items\nwholly due to crime the sum of $12,988,804. Then he mentioned many\nother expenditures which were partly chargeable to crime aggregating\n$7,889,259, making a total of $20,778,083. In comparing these figures\nwith the population of New York, Mr. Smith concluded that crime in the\nAmerican metropolis cost the people about $6 per capita annually. In\nSan Francisco it ran about $5 per capita, and in other cities mentioned\nfrom $3 to $3.50 per capita. The excess in New York and San Francisco,\nwas partly explained from the fact, that the figures quoted included\ncounty taxation.\n\nThe speaker then gave comprehensive statements, from which he gathered\nconclusions as to the cost of crime in the rural districts, adding\nthat a very conservative estimate would be $1.00 per capita per year.\nEstimating that the present population of the country was 75,000,000\nand that 40 per cent. lived in cities of above 8,000 inhabitants,\nhe placed the total cost of crime at $150,000,000 per year. To this\nhe added $50,000,000 from federal and State taxes, making the total\n$200,000,000 per year.\n\nThese figures, said Mr. Smith, inaccurate as they may seem to be,\nprove that crime is by far the largest factor with which political\neconomy has to deal. The only other item of expense that comes near to\nit is the maintainance of the public schools, which for the same year\naggregate about $139,000,000. But the enormous expenditure mentioned is\nonly for the prevention of crime.\n\nThe city of New York expends each year an enormous sum for maintaining\nits fire department, but that is not the only expense caused through\nthe existence of fires. No possible statistics can be compiled to give\nan estimate for the cost of property stolen and the suffering caused by\ncrime.\n\nThese facts are real, not estimated.\n\n\nTHE AVERAGE STEAL.\n\nTo obtain an estimate of this cost, however, the speaker said that\n$1,600 per year was the amount of money stolen by the average habitual\ncriminal, and it was certainly a conservative estimate; there were at\npresent 100,000 prisoners in confinement, of whom 40 or 50 per cent.\nwere habitual; but this did not represent the cost of drunkenness\nwhich, he said, is generally crime in its most debased form, nor the\ncost of crime which was never detected. Adding up all these items of\nexpense chargeable to crime, the speaker produced the enormous sum of\n$600,000,000 per year, which, he said, exceeded the value of the cotton\nor wheat crop. Any help for the future must come by regenerating the\npeople by Christianity.\n\nJOSEPH F. SCOTT, SUPERINTENDENT MASSACHUSETTS REFORMATORY,\noffered a resolution, the substance of which was: That this Prison\nAssociation endorse the \u201cIndeterminate sentence law system, and\nrecommend that the various States adopt it as part of their criminal\njurisprudence.\u201d\n\nThere was considerable discussion, and it was referred to a committee\nto report at the closing session.\n\nThe Committee on Place for holding the next Congress reported that they\nhad selected Kansas City for September, 1901, and that Philadelphia had\nmade a bold fight for it. It was voted by the Congress to accept the\nreport of the committee, and made it unanimous.\n\nA resolution was passed, as a matter of testimonial of past duties to\nMr. Z. R. Brockway, who had resigned the charge of Elmira Reformatory,\nN. Y.\n\n\nWEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26TH, A. M.--CHAPLAINS\u2019 MEETING.\n\nBeside routine work, reference was made to Dr. McKim\u2019s book. Chaplain\nBatt spoke of the \u201cExaggerated value set upon human life,\u201d page 185.\n\u201cPlans innumerable devised but all fail,\u201d \u201cand that literature of\nthe Congress is not such as is desirable for the betterment of the\nprisoners, so that it rests mostly with the chaplains.\u201d\n\n\nJ. WARREN MEADE, WARDEN AUBURN STATE PRISON, N. Y.,\n\nSpoke of prison discipline. Best way to reach a man\u2019s heart was through\nhis stomach. That it was very necessary to give attention to the\nappointment of the officers, in order to impress the men with a care\nand cleanliness. The criminal should have a time to sing if he chose,\nand should be assisted in fitting himself for life-work in the world.\n\nThe dungeon cells are sufficient punishment for any infraction without\nresorting to a paddle. Said he could not imagine how Massachusetts\ncould have a fixed commutation for life sentences, except they use the\nLife Ins. Co.\u2018s approximate longevity table, like age 34 to serve 25\nyears, age 40 to serve 16 years, and so on. Good discipline has the\neffect to remove criminal desires.\n\nBoth T. E. Ellison, Fort Wayne, Ind., and Gen. R. Brinkerhoff, of\nOhio, remarked that the wardens and superintendents summoned daily the\noverseers, guards, etc., to discuss the wants, needs, and peculiarities\nof convicts, in order to be in touch of all his employees, and to the\nprisoners by the overseers.\n\n\nMEMORIAL TRIBUTE\n\nWas recorded on the death of Michael J. Cassidy, Phila., Pa.; Joseph\nNicholson, Detroit, Mich.; Mr. Yale, California, members of the\nAssociation.\n\nWILLIAM CHAMBERLAIN, warden State Prison, Jackson, Mich., spoke of\ndiscipline in his State Penitentiary, that the conditions were laid\ndown by the State Board of Control. The law governing penitentiary\nofficers, wardens and chaplains, is that they become acquainted with\nthe inner life of the prisoner, and there is a desire on the part of\nthe men to conform to the rules. There are always some incorrigibles.\nWe have a system of graded schools, and graded prisoners. Four and a\nhalf hours a week for discipline of prisoners, the officers become\nacquainted with the natural abilities of the prisoner, and are able to\nreport fully to the warden. There are two ways of governing the man,\nForce or Persuasion, the latter, the best of all, if it succeeds.\n\nLife terms in Colorado average less than 9 years, longest term is 16\nyears. There are now 160 life terms.\n\nChaplain Batt thought we ought not to use the words \u201cCriminal and\nConvict\u201d; in Massachusetts it was never used, but \u201cPrisoners and Men\u201d;\nnever inmates, they hated to be called inmates.\n\nMany of the wardens claimed it impossible to hold any conference daily\nwith employees. At Concord, Mass., Reformatory they meet at 5.30 P. M.\ndaily. Chaplain Batt spoke of heads of prisons summoning employees for\ndetail work, and referred to the report of Commodore Nelson summoning\nall his officers to his ship, to make ready for the battle; the battle\nwas really fought in the cabin of his own flagship.\n\n\nC. P. HOYT, WARDEN, BUENA, COLORADO,\n\nSaid corporal punishment if judiciously used, is really the best mode\nof punishment and that there should be but one grade only in the same\nprison. When a man does well, give him a ticket of parole.\n\n\nJ. WARREN BAILY, MASSACHUSETTS,\n\nSpoke about discharged prisoners, what shall be done with them, how\nshall he be aided, and how long? Best way, to seek some employment\nor trade for him on his discharge. Aid should begin when he enters\nthe prison gate and continue till he goes out. (Reference was made\nto the Penna. Prison Journal \u201cAt the Prison Gate.\u201d) No person should\nbe discharged a citizen, but paroled for a time, with continuous\noversight. What we need is graded reformatories, with three grades,\nplace him in the second, and he can work up to the first, or drop back\nto the third, and then has to work up to the first before he can be\nparoled. Spoke of the need of well-managed prisons and reformatories,\nwhere vast numbers had gone through the three grades and come out good\ncitizens.\n\n\nOREN C. PAINTER, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND,\n\nRead a paper about The Prisoners\u2019 Aid Association of Baltimore.\n\n\nAMOS W. BUTLER, IND., SEC\u2019TY BOARD STATE CHARITIES,\n\nSpoke of the State parole that out of 717 paroled, places were found\nfor all but 3, one blind, one cripple, one insane; of this number, 12\nfailed to report monthly; 9 were returned to the reformatory. No man is\nreleased except for the maximum time, and the oversight is continued\nuntil the time is completed.\n\n\nCONNECTICUT REQUIRES\n\nThat thirty days before the prisoner goes out, he shall be seen by the\ncommittee on discharged prisoners, furnished food and board for a time,\nand work; that there has not in five years, in that reformatory, been\na single infringement. It turned out that out of 100, only 18 had been\nparoled in five years.\n\nReport of Committee on Mr. Scott\u2019s resolution. Specific action was\ndeferred till next year. Only passed the sentiment or voice of the\nCongress \u201cin favor of immediate sentences.\u201d\n\n\nWEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, CLOSING SESSION.\n\nProfessor R. G. Henderson read a paper on Psychological Laboratory in\nPrisons. Recommended that one be established, to try it.\n\n      _Physical._     |    _Psychological._    |    _Sociological._\n                      |                        |\n  Anatomy, heredity,  | Knowledge, emotion,    | Legal, political,\n   physiology, mental.|  mental tastes, ideas. |  religious, domestic,\n                      |                        |  industrial environment,\n                      |                        |  culture.\n\nDr. Wines remarked, \u201cI am not an anti-penologist, have no opinions to\nenforce. In the United States census there is opportunity to examine\nall the matter concerning prisoners. Each prison and reformatory was\nfurnished with a complete case, to study fully before reply, and if the\nwardens also help give it, a more correct record can be made, and the\nGovernment take up all the matter, furnish the apparatus and the men to\ndo the work.\u201d\n\nMrs. Deborah C. Leeds suggested a vote of recommendation of the\nCongress, that a \u201cwoman\u2019s prison or reformatory\u201d be established in\nevery State, passed.\n\n\nCOMPLIMENTARY RESOLUTIONS TO\n\nThe Local Committee and the Young Men\u2019s Christian Association for the\ndelightful carriage ride, the newspapers, the Street Railway Company,\nthe Old Stone Church, Rev. W. D. Pickard, D.D., for his admirable\nsermon, and Dr. S. B. Barrows for his paper on criminal law, were\npassed by a rising vote.\n\nIt was stated that in Indiana Industrial School for Girls each one was\nkept separate, or cellular. In Massachusetts women are sent to jail,\nthen to a reformatory, but if convicted more than twice are sent to\nprison.\n\nRev. Dr. Pickard made some brief remarks, also Professor Henderson, and\nthe Congress closed with singing the Doxology and Benediction, 5 P. M.,\nSept. 26, 1900.\n\nNext Congress, Kansas City, 1901.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThe above report was read at a meeting of the Pennsylvania Prison\nSociety, October 18, 1900. It was directed \u201cthat it be printed in the\nJournal of 1901.\u201d\n\n  MRS. DEBORAH C. LEEDS,\n  JOHN J. LYTLE,\n  REV. R. HEBER BARNES, _Sec. Com._\n\n _Pennsylvania Official Delegates at Large from the Society._\n\n\n\n\nTREASURER\u2019S REPORT.\n\nGEORGE W. HALL, _Treasurer_,\n\nIN ACCOUNT WITH\n\nTHE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY.\n\n\n  1900.                   DR.\n\n  January 1.--To Balance                                         $ 670 94\n               \u201c Income from Investments                         1,658 86\n               \u201c Contributions and Membership                      402 00\n               \u201c Interest on Deposits                               19 36\n               \u201c Printing the Journal                               16 00\n               \u201c Special, for Discharged Prisoners, Eastern\n                   Penitentiary                                  3,675 62\n               \u201c I. V. Williamson Estate                           468 00\n               \u201c Income C. S. Williams Estate (In trust)            81 00\n               \u201c Life Memberships                                   40 00\n                                                                ---------\n                                                                $7,031 78\n\n  1900.                   CR.\n\n  Dec.   31.--By Discharged Prisoners, Eastern Penitentiary     $2,139 03\n               \u201c Salary John J. Lytle as General Secretary       1,000 00\n               \u201c Discharged Prisoners, County Prison               675 00\n               \u201c Salary Fred\u2019k J. Pooley, County Prison Agent      750 00\n               \u201c F. J. Pooley, special (extra service E. P.)        50 00\n               \u201c C. S. Williams Estate to Home of Industry          81 00\n               \u201c Janitor, fuel, library                            127 99\n               \u201c Repair of office and stationery                   402 34\n               \u201c J. J. Lytle, Prison Agent, Eastern Penitentiary   500 00\n               \u201c Printing 5,000 Journals, mailing, etc.            421 53\n               \u201c Balance, (and \u201cBarton fund\u201d $176.71)              884 89\n                                                                ---------\n                                                                $7,031 78\n\nWe have examined the vouchers for 1900, and find the cash balance\n$884.89, and of the Barton fund $176.71. Also the securities, bonds\nand mortgages, certificates, trust deposits, title and fire insurance\npolicies, were examined and found correct.\n\n  CHARLES M. MORTON,\n  R. HEBER BARNES,\n  LINDLEY H. BEDELL,\n  _Auditing Committee_.\n\nPHILADELPHIA, _Feb. 1, 1901_.\n\n\n\n\nDONATIONS RECEIVED\n\nSince April 1st, 1900, to February 28th, 1901.\n\n\n  Mrs. M. Lloyd                       $2 00\n  Rev. James Shrigley                  2 00\n  Prof. Joseph P. Remington            5 00\n  George Kramer                        1 00\n  S. Bartram Richards                  5 00\n  Mrs. E. L. Metzgar                   3 00\n  Gertrude Craig Roberts               3 00\n  Mary P. F. Oberteuffer               3 00\n  W. D. Mason                          5 00\n  M. S. L. Rhoads                      2 00\n  Samuel S. White, Jr.                 5 00\n  Mary Evre Howell                    10 00\n  L. D. Lovett, 1899-1900             20 00\n  Richard Randolph, M. D.              1 00\n  Mary Randolph                        1 00\n  Mrs. Frederick Prime                 2 00\n  Miss Thomson                         5 00\n  Francis A. North                     5 00\n  Julia D. Stroud                     10 00\n  Mrs. L. S. Ladd                      5 00\n  Joshua L. Baily                      5 00\n  E. Hagert                            5 00\n  E. W. Clark                         10 00\n  John Bley                            5 00\n  Peter M. Landis                      2 00\n  Samuel Disston                       5 00\n  Mrs. A. F. Miller                    1 00\n  R. Metzgar & Son                     2 00\n  Mrs. N. T. Clapp                     5 00\n  William S. Magee                     5 00\n  George W. Marshall                   2 00\n  E. M. Middleton                      5 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  C. J. Marshall                       1 00\n  M. L. Milligan                       2 00\n  Emma C. Middleton                    5 00\n  A. Miller                            1 00\n  J. Vaughan Merrick, Jr.              1 00\n  John L. Mickle                       2 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Vincent McLaughlin                   2 00\n  Mrs. Washington J. Landell           2 00\n  Levi Mattson                         5 00\n  John Lambert, Jr.                    5 00\n  Mrs. J. B. Townsend                  5 00\n  Abby Newhall                         5 00\n  Miss C. Manderson                    1 00\n  Mrs. M. A. McCoy                     2 00\n  G. H. Stoiber                        5 00\n  Laura M. Stoiber                     5 00\n  Augusta McFadden                     1 00\n  Vincent P. McCulley                  2 00\n  Henry F. Mangus                      2 00\n  George Vaux, Jr                      5 00\n  Cash                                 5 00\n  R. C. Shafges                        1 00\n  J. Campbell Haywood                  5 00\n  Thomas Mills                         2 00\n  James McCurdy                        5 00\n  Mrs. James M. Robb                   5 00\n  Miss E. M. Maull                     5 00\n  Anna E. Molloy                       5 00\n  H. E. Niconel                        2 00\n  McIllvaine Bros                      5 00\n  Mrs. O. M. North                     5 00\n  Joseph McDonald                      2 00\n  A. Megonigle                         5 00\n  Rev. Charles E. Milner               1 00\n  Chloe A. McCann                      1 00\n  Watson M. Null                       1 00\n  M. C. McCahan                        2 00\n  Eliza Y. McAllister                  2 00\n  Edward Pennock                       2 00\n  J. E. Nidecker                       2 00\n  Mrs. C. Watson McKeehan              5 00\n  Charles H. Reeves                    2 00\n  Mrs. S. McKenney                     2 00\n  Mrs. William Mencke                  2 00\n  C. McClelland                        2 00\n  Elwood Melcher                       1 00\n  L. Mayer                             2 00\n  H. Wolf                              1 00\n  Thomas T. Nelson                     5 00\n  Mrs. T. Turnbull                     2 00\n  Mary McCullagh                       5 00\n  Edward J. Newland                    1 00\n  William T. Moffly                    1 00\n  Jos. A. Heintzelman, M. D.           1 00\n  L. Ashton Louder                     5 00\n  Mrs. F. B. Haft                      5 00\n  Robert M. Holbrook                   1 00\n  J. F. Holt, M. D.                    1 00\n  R. Hey & Son                         2 00\n  Robert C. Thomas                     2 00\n  Cash                                 5 00\n  W. P. Henszey                        5 00\n  J. F. Irons                          1 00\n  Mrs. E. C. Idler                     2 00\n  Adolph Hess                          2 00\n  Rev. L. C. Hill                      1 00\n  Samuel Hillman                       1 00\n  Mrs. Sarah C. Hepburn                2 00\n  James C. Brooks                      2 00\n  William Ivins                       10 00\n  Jacob Y. Dietz                      10 00\n  C. Hanford Henderson                 5 00\n  Benjamin T. Herkness                 5 00\n  John McClintock                      3 00\n  Miss Lawrence                        1 00\n  E. M. Hewish, M. D.                  2 00\n  J. Lewis Kates                       5 00\n  Jacob L. Hershy                      1 00\n  Mrs. R. K. Wright, Sr.               2 00\n  Samuel P. Hiester                    2 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Robert J. Hess, M. D.                5 00\n  Nathaniel E. Janney                  1 00\n  W. B. Jacobs                         5 00\n  Daniel L. Hinckle                    2 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  George F. Hoffman                    5 00\n  John R. Ingham                       1 00\n  Miss E. S. Wister                    5 00\n  S. F. Hening                         1 00\n  Mrs. E. J. Hortter                   1 00\n  Miss H. A. Johnson                   2 00\n  Charles P. Keith                     5 00\n  Mrs. E. Jeffries                     2 00\n  E. J. Kerrick                        2 00\n  W. H. Kirkpatrick                    5 00\n  Francis S. Keese                     2 00\n  Mrs. John Jameson                    2 00\n  F. E. Himmelwright, M. D.            5 00\n  Cash                                 2 00\n  E. E. Young                          2 00\n  Mrs. E. Hodson                       1 00\n  Miss R. Booth                        1 00\n  Rev. E. Zartman                      1 00\n  Morris A. Kaufman                    2 00\n  Miss E. T. Zebley                    1 00\n  S. M. Zacharas                       2 00\n  Mrs. E. Clark                       10 00\n  Samuel C. Perkins                    5 00\n  Mrs. T. Charlton Henry              10 00\n  Charles F. Jenkins                   5 00\n  W. E. Littleton                      5 00\n  R. W. Downing, Jr.                   5 00\n  Cash                                 5 00\n  W. H. Powell                         5 00\n  John P. Mathieu                      5 00\n  H. E. Brown                          5 00\n  W. H. Jackson                        5 00\n  Cash                                 2 00\n  Frederick V. Yeager                  1 00\n  E. J. Johnson                        1 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  F. W. Zoller                         2 00\n  William G. Henry                     1 00\n  Charles E. Ingersoll                 5 00\n  A Friend                             2 00\n  Andrew S. Jackson                    5 00\n  H. C. Young                          2 00\n  W. B. Keeler                         5 00\n  Lewis A. Young                       2 00\n  James P. Young                       5 00\n  J. H. N.                             1 00\n  Mrs. S. B. Yerkes                    2 00\n  Mrs. Charles Heebner                 5 00\n  Burnham, Williams & Co.             25 00\n  C. M. Twaddell                       5 00\n  Thomas Hewson Bache, M. D.           2 00\n  Mrs. Matthew Semple                  5 00\n  Alexander Peacock                    1 00\n  Arthur G. Dixon                      5 00\n  James S. Rogers                      2 00\n  William E. Helme                     5 00\n  Rev. R. C. Von Phul                  5 00\n  W. J. McCahn, Jr.                    5 00\n  H. C. Marland, M. D.                 1 00\n  Pemberton Hollingsworth              5 00\n  J. Ogden Hoffman                     5 00\n  Albert L. Baily                      2 00\n  Edward Cress                         1 00\n  Miss M. Hurst                       20 00\n  Dr. George G. Wise                   3 00\n  William H. Magoffin                  5 00\n  Francis B. Reeves                    2 00\n  Mrs. J. M. Rommel                    2 00\n  Edward Comfort                       5 00\n  W. H. Gilbert                        2 00\n  W. P. Letchworth                     2 00\n  Charles W. Merritt                   1 00\n  Mrs. Walker G. Sibley                5 00\n  H. from a Friend                    10 00\n  A. H. Old                            3 00\n  Elizabeth W. Stephenson             20 00\n  Clara S. Young                       5 00\n  Charles W. Henry                    25 00\n  Mrs. John Gillespie                  5 00\n  Auguston Thomas                      5 00\n  Miss Edith Yarrow                    1 00\n  J. Willis Martin                    10 00\n  Mrs. Joseph Harrison                15 00\n  Asa S. Wing                         10 00\n  Catharine M. Mullin                 10 00\n  Louisa Alter                        10 00\n  C. McNeely                          10 00\n  Ellen B. A. Mitchener               10 00\n  George B. Bonnell                    5 00\n  Mrs. Willing                        30 00\n  C. P. B. Jeffries                   10 00\n  Mrs. Bryant Ferguson                 5 00\n  John E. Carter.                      5 00\n  E. M. Fagan                          5 00\n  Edward Brown                         5 00\n  Mrs. J. H. Brazier                   5 00\n  George Harrison Fisher               5 00\n  Mrs. W. H. Bacon                     5 00\n  Mrs. J. Lewis Crozier               10 00\n  James W. Cooke & Co.                 5 00\n  Joseph S. Elkinton                   5 00\n  H. C. Cochran                        5 00\n  R. Y. Filbert                        5 00\n  Mrs. S. R. Fox                       5 00\n  Henry C. Davis                       5 00\n  Finley Acker                         5 00\n  Priscilla A. Wright                 25 00\n  Jay Cooke                            5 00\n  Thomas N. Ely                        5 00\n  Enoch Lewis                         10 00\n  Mr. & Mrs R. W. Birdrell             5 00\n  Henry K. Wampole & Co.               5 00\n  Mrs. James Caldwell                  1 00\n  Hannah F. Caldwell                   5 00\n  L. H. Carpenter                      3 00\n  Sarah B. Cadwalader                  5 00\n  Cash                                 2 00\n  J. E. Challinger                     5 00\n  J. G. Clark                          3 00\n  James B. Chandler                    5 00\n  Mrs. H. McK. Claxton                 3 00\n  I. E. Chipley                        2 00\n  W. P. Campbell                       2 00\n  Murray Stewart Chism                 1 00\n  Charles E. Cattell                   2 00\n  Mrs. G. W. Dougherty                 1 00\n  Mrs. V. B. Davis                     2 00\n  Samuel Biddle                        5 00\n  Mrs. George M. Converse              5 00\n  H. A. Wood                          10 00\n  Samuel Christian                     1 00\n  Bodine, Altemus & Co.                5 00\n  William P. Damon                     2 50\n  Frank E. De Long                     5 00\n  Mrs. M. S. Clement                   1 00\n  A. M. Davis                          3 00\n  Jacob L. Smith                      10 00\n  Clarence H. Clark                    5 00\n  Miss Jane Cooke                      5 00\n  Mrs. P. W. DeCousey                  5 00\n  Elizabeth Allen                      2 00\n  Mary Branson, M. D.                  1 00\n  Alexander E. Harvey                  5 00\n  William Galloway                     5 00\n  Mrs. Nathan H. Davis                 5 00\n  Mrs. A. R. Clark                     5 00\n  Charles A. Converse                  2 00\n  Helena J. Blandner                   1 00\n  C. N. Hutchinson                     5 00\n  Dr. John B. Deaver                   2 00\n  W. J. Graham                         2 00\n  Mrs. W. D. Edson                     1 00\n  Dr. Richard W. Deaver                2 00\n  Catharine Begley                     1 00\n  B. F. Greenewald                     5 00\n  Charles Comly                       10 00\n  C. S. Childs                         5 00\n  John B. Chaplin                      5 00\n  Morris, Wheeler & Co.               10 00\n  W. Frekerick Snyder                  5 00\n  Martha B. Earle                      2 00\n  Charles Platt                        5 00\n  Peter C. Moore                       1 00\n  Mr. John P. Hubbard                  3 00\n  Walter E. Hening                     2 00\n  Murray & Wilson                      1 00\n  Lukens & Whittington                 1 00\n  Mrs. B. B. Comegys, Jr.              1 00\n  Edwin G. Dreer                       5 00\n  Rev. E. T. McMullin                  1 00\n  John Price                           2 00\n  Mrs. John Klemm                      2 00\n  James T. Shinn                       2 00\n  Lewis R. Diek                        2 00\n  Margaret W. Haines                   5 00\n  Sarah W. Rhoads                      2 00\n  H. K. Mulford Co.                    5 00\n  Isaac Saller                         1 00\n  Helen Hunter                         1 00\n  Mrs. W. Mitchell                     2 00\n  Julius G. Weygandtt                  2 00\n  Charles Richardson                   5 00\n  Mrs. M. M. Crawford                  1 00\n  Horace G. Lippincott                 2 00\n  William J. Earhart                   5 00\n  Dr. Benjamin K. Fletcher             2 00\n  Mary S. Richards                     5 00\n  Miss C. W. Burton                    3 00\n  Mrs. Berwind                         2 00\n  R. Francis Wood                     10 00\n  Smith Harper                         1 00\n  Edwin S. Johnston                    1 00\n  Miss Ida V. Walraven                 2 00\n  Mrs. Wm. P. Tatham                  10 00\n  Joseph R. Smith                      3 00\n  Thomas W. Sparks                     5 00\n  Dr. C. N. Peirce                     2 00\n  W. Kerr Shea, M. D.                  1 00\n  James F. Magee                       5 00\n  Louis Wolf                           5 00\n  Arthur Malcolm                       2 00\n  William S. Hallowell                 2 00\n  Rebecca White                        5 00\n  Mrs. Samuel S. White                 5 00\n  George G. Williams                   5 00\n  Joseph A. Sinn                       2 00\n  William T. Murphy                    2 00\n  A. Trimble                           1 00\n  Elsie Wister Keith                  10 00\n  Jones Unwiler                        2 00\n  H. A. Mitchell                       2 00\n  William Burnham                      3 00\n  Charles Rhoads                       5 00\n  Beulah M. Rhoads                     5 00\n  Hon. Wm. N. Ashman                   3 00\n  Dr. James Tyson                      2 00\n  Anna H. Tierney                      5 00\n  William Weightman                    5 00\n  H. G. Tull                           1 00\n  G. R. Rebman                         2 00\n  W. L. Worcester                      3 00\n  W. Graham Tyler                      5 00\n  Louis Taws                           5 00\n  Mrs. R. Porter                       5 00\n  Mrs. Thos. S. Kirkbride              2 00\n  Rynear Williams, Jr.                 5 00\n  Mrs. F. L. Smith                     1 00\n  Mary G. Wilkinson                    2 00\n  Cash                                 2 00\n  E. Aug. Miller                       2 00\n  Edward A. Sibley                     5 00\n  A. W. W\u0153bken                         5 00\n  Barber & Perkin                      1 00\n  Rev. George Van Dews                 2 00\n  E. B. Warren                         5 00\n  Frank H. Wyeth                       5 00\n  George Ulrich                        5 00\n  Charles W. Trotter                   5 00\n  J. Runde Smith                      10 00\n  Dr. W. C. Widmayer                   1 00\n  E. W. & E. M. Wilkins                2 00\n  Craig Lippincott                     5 00\n  John D. Groves, M. D.                5 00\n  John Simmons                         1 00\n  Mrs. Wm. Simpson, Jr.                5 00\n  D. Sulzberger                        2 00\n  Richard P. Mason                     5 00\n  William M. Morrison                  2 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Bishop O. W. Whitaker                5 00\n  N. R. Denis                          5 00\n  R. H. Eastburn                       1 00\n  V. F. Campbell                       1 00\n  Mrs. Gillies Dallett                 2 00\n  H. Dercum                            2 00\n  E. J. Lavina                         2 00\n  William Evans, M. D.                 1 00\n  William J. Latta                     2 00\n  James G. Conway                      1 00\n  James Spear                          3 00\n  Henry F. Coates & Co.                5 00\n  Mrs. J. Manderson                    5 00\n  Miss E. Bradford                     3 00\n  Mrs. H. Howe                         5 00\n  Mrs. W. C. Hadley                    3 00\n  Elizabeth B. Garrett                 3 00\n  Martha H. Garrett                    3 00\n  Hetty B. Garrett                     3 00\n  P. B. Welsh                          2 00\n  G. H. Deacon                         1 00\n  C. F. Wilson                         5 00\n  S. Thanhauser                        1 00\n  Cash                                 5 00\n  Barclay R. Leeds                     5 00\n  A Friend                             2 00\n  Mrs. R. S. Lawson                    1 00\n  W. Sidebottom                        5 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Mary M. Edwards                      2 00\n  Joseph S. Keen                       5 00\n  E. W. Clark                         10 00\n  Rev. Marvin J. Eckels                5 00\n  Helen B. Davids                      2 00\n  Miss S. F. Cassidy                   1 00\n  Evans R. Dick                        5 00\n  A. Leberman                          2 00\n  Milton C. Lazar                      1 00\n  J. B. Faulkner                       2 00\n  Mrs. D. M. Zimmerman                 2 00\n  Rev. Charles F. Kavanagh             5 00\n  Miss Emily Campbell                  2 00\n  R. A. Caskey                         1 00\n  Cash                                 5 00\n  M. E. Twaddell                       5 00\n  Strawbridge & Clothier               5 00\n  Anna M. Sterling                     5 00\n  The Misses Glading                   5 00\n  Mrs. J. S. Cox                       2 00\n  Mrs. Hollingsworth Whyte             5 00\n  William C. Warren                    3 00\n  Smith & Dreer                        2 00\n  Emily M. Smyth                       5 00\n  Morse, Williams & Co.                2 00\n  Jennie L. Powell                     2 00\n  McCambridge & Co.                    2 00\n  Anna Kaign Smith                     5 00\n  Anna M. Gumpert                      2 00\n  Fred W. Herman                       2 00\n  Joseph Hill Brinton                  2 00\n  Wood Gilpin                          2 00\n  Miss Mattie Landis                   3 00\n  Lettitia P. Collins                  5 00\n  Bishop C. D. Foss                    3 00\n  Mrs. William Waterall                2 00\n  N. Snellenburg & Co.                 5 00\n  David Teller                         2 00\n  Thomas E. Gaskill                    5 00\n  Mrs. B. M. Plummer                   1 00\n  Elizabeth D. Banes                   1 00\n  Mrs. C. A. Wentz                     5 00\n  A. W. Wisler                         1 00\n  Edmund Willits                       1 00\n  E. K. Shelmerdine                    5 00\n  Herbert B. Loeb                      1 00\n  John Lloyd                           2 00\n  J. Bertram Lippincott                5 00\n  J. H. Ellis                          2 00\n  Joseph W. Lippincott                 1 00\n  Mrs. S. H. Fay                       5 00\n  John P. P. Lathrop                   2 00\n  Mrs. Aug. Lessig                     2 00\n  Jacob D. Litt                        5 00\n  Mrs. Charles E. Lex                  2 00\n  James W. Lehman                      1 00\n  Arno Leonhardt                       2 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  George H. Cliff                      1 00\n  Elizabeth W. Cooke                   2 00\n  Master Harry D. Lentz, Jr.           1 00\n  Max B. Loeb                          2 00\n  B. K. Locke                          1 00\n  John A. Schulze                      2 00\n  Frank R. Whiteside                   2 00\n  Elizabeth N. Garrett                 2 00\n  S. Harvey Thomas                     2 00\n  Wilfred Lewis                        1 00\n  Isabel A. deSchwintz                 2 50\n  Samuel J. Levy                       5 00\n  D. N. K. Schwenck                    1 00\n  Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Zimmerman         2 00\n  Mrs. A. E. Campbell                  1 00\n  S. Morris Lillie                     3 00\n  John Tatum                           2 00\n  W. Hinckle Smith                     5 00\n  H. O. Wilbur                         5 00\n  A. Alvarengo                         1 00\n  Russell H. Johnson, Jr.              1 00\n  J. J. de Macedo, Jr.                 1 00\n  Frank P. Gallagher                   1 00\n  A. E. Gallagher                      1 00\n  A. Lans                              4 00\n  W. G. Rolph                          2 00\n  Mrs. Charles M. Taylor, Jr.          5 00\n  Rev. J. A. Lippincott                3 00\n  Cash                                 2 00\n  Robert F. Innis                      3 00\n  Ashton S. Tourison                   2 00\n  James G. Thayer                      2 00\n  Francis T. S. Dailey                10 00\n  Mr. and Mrs. Andrew San Alvarez      1 00\n  Miss Emma Parmalee                   1 00\n  James E. Talley, M. D.               2 00\n  B. C. Tilghman                       5 00\n  George Widener                       2 00\n  H. M. Sharpless                      1 00\n  Miss A. K. Selig                     3 00\n  Mrs. Van Pelt                        2 00\n  R. Greenwood                         1 00\n  Charles C. Savage                   15 00\n  H. M. Nathanson                      5 00\n  William H. Thome                     2 00\n  Henry Veit                           2 00\n  Mrs. C. A. Topping                   2 00\n  James Martin                         2 00\n  Samuel J. Randall, Jr.               1 00\n  Horace E. Taylor                     1 00\n  A. P. Townsend                       1 00\n  William Wagner                       1 00\n  S. Finley Thompson                   5 00\n  Mrs. Joseph L. Tull                  1 00\n  Mrs. E. C. Lewis                     2 00\n  Mrs. Henry J. Walter                 1 00\n  Harriet H. McClellan                 2 00\n  Mrs. Mamie C. Stinson                5 00\n  Miss Sue E. Nagle                    1 00\n  Henry M. Lewis                       5 00\n  Cash                                 5 00\n  Miss C. S. Thompson                  1 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  John G. Schall\u2019s Sons                2 00\n  L. Harry Richards, Jr.               1 00\n  D. S. Acker                          5 00\n  George W. Baily                      5 00\n  Thomas P. Covington                  2 00\n  Sarah E. Williams                    2 00\n  Francis O. Alcott                    5 00\n  William L. Allen                     1 00\n  George Allen, Jr.                    1 00\n  Rev. E. W. Appleton                  5 00\n  E. W. Dunton                         5 00\n  Louisa Gibbons Davis                 2 00\n  Samuel Wolfe, M.D.                   2 00\n  Charles F. Taylor, M.D.              5 00\n  Frank Teller                         1 00\n  F. D. Abbott                         1 00\n  Henry Jones                          1 00\n  Mrs. George Childs Drexel           25 00\n  Charles A. Kurlbaum                  2 00\n  Mrs. L. M. Anschutz                  5 00\n  Paul E. Huneker                      5 00\n  Oliver Hough                         1 00\n  William G. Huey                      1 00\n  G. A. Bisler                         2 00\n  William A. Ingham                   10 00\n  Max Kohn                             2 00\n  Walter A. Bailey                     2 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Miss Lottie A. Arnold                2 00\n  Abraham M. Kohn                      2 00\n  Frank K. Hipple                      2 00\n  Harold Peirce                       10 00\n  Mrs. Harold Peirce                  10 00\n  William Fisher Lewis                 5 00\n  S. Wertheimer                        1 00\n  T. P. Huff                           2 00\n  Hon. J. B. McPherson                 3 00\n  Jane C. Selden                       1 00\n  Edwin N. Benson                      5 00\n  Elizabeth M. Wilgur                  2 00\n  Francis Donaldson                    2 00\n  G. H. Macauley                       5 00\n  Mrs. Joseph Young                    2 00\n  C. S. MacCain                        2 00\n  Professor D. W. Howard               1 00\n  James P. Hutchinson                  5 00\n  Mrs. Edward Baily                    1 00\n  J. B. Lyman                          1 00\n  Charles M. Fox, M.D.                 5 00\n  Thomas A. Kershaw                    1 00\n  Lawrence Johnson                     5 00\n  W. W. Burr                           2 00\n  Harry Godey                          5 00\n  Elizabeth B. Sloan                   1 00\n  Rev. William Bannard                 1 00\n  Morris T. Knight                     1 00\n  Azariah W. Hoopes                    2 00\n  William Krause                       2 00\n  T. McOwen                           10 00\n  Rev. Joseph Krauskopt                5 00\n  Mrs. Morris Liveright                2 00\n  William MacLean, Jr.                 3 00\n  Miss Gertrude Bartlett               1 00\n  Samuel P. Huhn                       5 00\n  Theodore J. Lewis                    3 00\n  Cash                                 3 00\n  J. B. Habecker                       1 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Mrs. Samuel Horner                   2 00\n  R. W. Steel                          5 00\n  Cash                                 5 00\n  J. G. Rosengarten                   10 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Cash                                 5 00\n  C. S. Warts                          5 00\n  Lyman B. Hall                        2 00\n  Mrs. Alexander Van Rennsalaer       50 00\n  Mrs. S. R. Wiggins                   1 00\n  F. T. Bieber                         1 00\n  Anne Thompson                       10 00\n  John Jay Gilroy                      2 00\n  A. H. Hulshiger                      2 00\n  W. S. Kriehl                         1 00\n  A. Petre                             5 00\n  C. C. A. Baldi                       2 00\n  Miss Husband                         2 00\n  Mrs. Ingraham                        2 00\n  Edward Batchelor                     1 00\n  Z. Z. Howell                         2 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  George W. Lynch, Jr.                 2 00\n  Silena Patterson Hughes              5 00\n  Z. L. Howell                         2 00\n  Mrs. M. D. Atkinson                  2 00\n  A. W. Kelsey                        10 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  George M. Junkin                    10 00\n  Miss Anne Law Hubbell                1 00\n  Miss H. Hubbell                      1 00\n  Mary J. Barr                         1 00\n  Mrs. D. L. Hopper                    1 00\n  Charles E. Milnor                    2 00\n  John Hunsberger                      1 00\n  Josephine R. Page                    5 00\n  Mrs. W. Adger                        2 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  James Barker                         2 00\n  Charles H. Thompson                  2 00\n  J. Bell Austin                       2 00\n  Mrs. G. W. Buttnunth                 2 00\n  William J. Jordan                    1 00\n  Thomas H. B. Hull                   10 00\n  Mrs. Reath                           5 00\n  Peter Klein                          2 00\n  Jesse Lukens                         2 00\n  Francis Yarnall                      1 00\n  Cash                                 2 00\n  Mrs. John Baird                      5 00\n  Henrietta Louisa Exton               2 00\n  George N. Colket                     5 00\n  D. Macfarlan, M. D.                  1 00\n  W. W. Frazier                        5 00\n  Rev. Charles Wood                    5 00\n  Mrs. J. B. Levering                  5 00\n  Mrs. John T. Lewis                   1 00\n  Mary C. Greenough                   10 00\n  William Ostrander                    2 00\n  Franklin S. Horn                     2 00\n  John J. Horn                         2 00\n  Francis S. Williams                  1 00\n  George Wood                          5 00\n  Walter B. Smith                      5 00\n  Professor B. S. Banks                1 00\n  Doctor & Mrs. Chas. H. Thomas       15 00\n  James S. McCain                      1 00\n  S. E. R. Hassinger                   2 00\n  Frank H. Ransom                      5 00\n  James Hay                            5 00\n  Ellen B. & Everett Stewart           5 00\n  Rev. James P. James                  5 00\n  Mrs. Edward G. Sanger                3 00\n  Stuart Farren Smith                  5 00\n  Sarah E. Neath                       2 00\n  J. W. Hyzer                          2 00\n  E. Allen                             1 00\n  Moyer Fleisher                       5 00\n  Mrs. James Boice                     1 00\n  Emma T. Schreiner                    3 00\n  M. B. Woodward                       5 00\n  V. W. Walter                         2 00\n  Mrs. Louise T. Simpson               3 00\n  Mary R. Fox                         15 00\n  Hannah Fox                          10 00\n  M. E. Addams                         2 00\n  Mrs. S. A. Willoughby                2 00\n  Mrs. William F. North                2 00\n  Rev. Fleming James                   2 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Sarah E. Moore                       2 00\n  Anna P. Stevenson                    2 00\n  S. Pearley Howe                      1 00\n  Walter Ross McShea                   2 00\n  Samuel W. Barnes                     1 00\n  William C. Rommell                   1 00\n  B. S. H.                            50 00\n  Robert K. McNeely                    5 00\n  James H. Windrim                     5 00\n  Miss M. K. Gibson                   10 00\n  Miss Anna Frazier                    5 00\n  D. Allen Knight                      5 00\n  Cash                                 1 00\n  Cash                                 3 00\n  Charles B. Dunn                      5 00\n  C. D. Barney                         5 00\n  John H. Lewars                       5 00\n  W. Brentwood Smith                   5 00\n  Sarah Edythe Wister                  5 00\n  John F. Craig                        1 00\n  Edward Iredick                       1 00\n  John J. Henry                        5 00\n  William C. Lowry                     5 00\n  Henry H. Collins                    10 00\n  Fleming Park                         1 00\n  John F. Palmer                       2 00\n  John Reilly                          5 00\n  Mrs. George W. Biddle                5 00\n  F. T. Fawcett                        5 00\n  J. Sellers Barnes                    5 00\n  Mrs. E. Franklin Garrett             1 00\n  S. J. Eastman                        3 00\n  C. A. Helme                          5 00\n  W. F. Schwartz                       2 00\n  Mrs. J. Lowber Welsh                 5 00\n\n\nFORM OF BEQUEST OF PERSONAL PROPERTY.\n\nI give and bequeath to \u201cTHE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY\u201d the sum of\n____ Dollars.\n\n\nFORM OF DEVISE OF REAL ESTATE.\n\nI give and devise to \u201cTHE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY\u201d all that certain\npiece or parcel of land. (Here describe the property.)\n\n\nARTICLE V.\n\nThe Acting Committee shall consist of officers of the Society, _ex\nofficio_, and fifty other members. They shall visit the prison at\nleast twice a month, inquire into the circumstances of the prisoners\nand report such abuses as they shall discover to the proper officers\nappointed to remedy them. They shall examine the influence of\nconfinement on the morals of the prisoners. They shall keep regular\nminutes of their proceedings, which shall be submitted at every stated\nmeeting of the Society; and shall be authorized to fill vacancies,\noccurring in their own body, whether arising from death or removal\nfrom the city, or from inability or neglect to visit the prisons in\naccordance with their regulations. They shall also have the sole power\nof electing new members.\n\n\nARTICLE VI.\n\nCandidates for membership may be proposed at any meeting of the\nSociety or of the Acting Committee; but no election shall take place\nwithin ten days after such nomination. Each member shall pay an annual\ncontribution of two dollars. If any member neglects or refuses to pay\nsuch contribution within three months, after due notice has been given\nsuch person, the Acting Committee may, at its option, strike said name\nfrom the list of members. The payment of twenty dollars at any one time\nshall constitute a Life Membership. Any person paying not less than\nfive hundred dollars shall be called a Patron of the Society.\n\n\nARTICLE VII.\n\nHonorary members may be elected at such times as the Society may deem\nexpedient.\n\n\nARTICLE VIII.\n\nThe Society shall hold an Annual Meeting on the fourth Fifth-day\n(Thursday) in the First month (January) of each year, and Stated\nMeetings on the fourth Fifth-day (Thursday) in the months of April,\nJuly and October; at which seven shall constitute a quorum.\n\n\nARTICLE IX.\n\nNo alteration in the Constitution shall be made, unless the same shall\nhave been proposed at a Stated Meeting of the Society, held not less\nthan three months previous to the adoption of such alteration; and\nno such amendment shall be adopted unless approved by the votes of\nthree-fourths of the members present.\n\nThe Secretary shall state on the notices of that meeting that an\namendment or amendments to the Constitution will be acted upon. All\nother questions shall be decided, when there is a division, by a\nmajority of votes; in those where the Society is equally divided, the\npresiding officer shall have the casting vote.\n\n\nOF VISITORS.\n\nNo person who is not an official visitor of the prison, or who has not\na written permission, according to such rules as the Inspectors may\nadopt as aforesaid, shall be allowed to visit the same; the official\nvisitors are: the Governor; the Speaker and members of the Senate; the\nSpeaker and members of the House of Representatives; the Secretary of\nthe Commonwealth; the Judges of the Supreme Court; the Attorney-General\nand his Deputies; the President and Associate Judges of all the courts\nin the State; the Mayor and Recorders of the cities of Philadelphia,\nLancaster, and Pittsburg; Commissioners and Sheriffs of the several\nCounties; and the \u201cActing Committee of the Philadelphia Society for\nAlleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons.\u201d (Note: Now named The\nPennsylvania Prison Society.)\n\n\n\n\nAN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the\nMiseries of Public Prisons.\n\n\nSECTION 1. _Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of\nthe Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and it is\nhereby enacted by the authority of the same_, That all and every the\npersons who shall at the time of the passing of this Act, be members\nof the Society called \u201cThe Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the\nMiseries of Public Prisons,\u201d shall be and they are hereby created and\ndeclared to be one body, politic and corporate, by the name, style,\nand title of \u201cThe Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of\nPublic Prisons,\u201d and by the same name shall have perpetual succession,\nand shall be able to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded in all\ncourts of record or elsewhere, and to take and receive, hold and enjoy,\nby purchase, grant, devise, or bequest to them and their successors,\nlands, tenements, rents, annuities, franchises, hereditaments, goods,\nand chattels of whatsoever nature, kind, or quality soever, real,\npersonal or mixed, or choses in action, and the same from time to\ntime to sell, grant, devise, alien, or dispose of; _provided_, That\nthe clear yearly value or income of the necessary houses, lands, and\ntenements, rents, annuities, and other hereditaments, and real estate\nof the said corporation, and the interest of money by it lent, shall\nnot exceed the sum of five thousand dollars; and also to make and have\na common seal, and the same to break, alter, and renew at pleasure;\nand also to ordain, establish and put in execution, such by-laws,\nordinances, and regulations as shall appear necessary and convenient\nfor the government of the said corporation, not being contrary to\nthis Charter or the Constitution and laws of the United States, or of\nthis Commonwealth, and generally to do all and singular the matters\nand things which to them it shall lawfully appertain to do for the\nwell-being of the said corporation, and the due management and ordering\nof the affairs thereof; and provided further, that the object of the\nSociety shall be confined to the alleviation of the miseries of public\nprisons, the improvement of prison discipline, and the relief of\ndischarged prisoners.\n\n  SAM\u2019L ANDERSON, _Speaker of House_.\n  THOS. RINGLAND, _Speaker of Senate_.\n\nApproved the 6th day of April, Anno Domini Eighteen Hundred and\nThirty-three.\n\n  GEORGE WOLF.\n\n\nLEGAL CHANGE OF NAME.\n\nThe Following Confirms the Action Relative to the Change of the Name of\nthe Prison Society.\n\n\n Decree:\n\n And now, to wit, this 27th day of January, A. D., 1886, on motion of\n A. Sidney Biddle, Esq., the Petition and Application for change of\n name filed by \u201cThe Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries\n of Public Prisons,\u201d having been presented and considered, and it\n appearing that the order of court heretofore made as to advertisement\n has been duly compiled with and due notice of said application to\n the Auditor General of the State of Pennsylvania being shown, it is\n Ordered, Adjudged, and Decreed that the name of the said Society\n shall hereafter be \u201cTHE PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SOCIETY,\u201d to all intents\n and purposes as if the same had been the original name of the said\n Society, and the same name shall be deemed and taken to be a part\n of the Charter of the said Society upon the recording of the said\n Application with its indorsements and this Decree in the office of the\n Recorder of Deeds of this County, and upon filing with the Auditor\n General a Copy of this Decree.\n\n  [Signed]      JOSEPH ALLISON.\n\n\n Record:\n\n Recorded in the office for the Recording of Deeds in and for the City\n and County of Philadelphia, on Charter Book No. 11, page 1064. Witness\n my hand and seal of Office this 28th day of June, A. D. 1886.\n\n  GEO. G. PIERIE, _Recorder of Deeds_.\n\n\n[Transcriber\u2019s Note:\n\nObvious printer errors corrected silently.\n\nInconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.]","title":"The Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy (New Series, No. 40, January 1901)","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":28775}