{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_57300/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_57300","id":"gutenberg_57300","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/57300","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - American","Category: Religion/Spirituality","Category: Reports & Conference Proceedings","Category: Sociology","Category: Teaching & Education","Congregational churches -- Missions -- Periodicals","Home missions -- Periodicals","The American Missionary"],"text":"Produced by Joshua Hutchinson and the Online Distributed\nProofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was\nproduced from images generously made available by Cornell\nUniversity Digital Collections)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[Illustration: DECEMBER, 1887.\n\nThe American Missionary\n\nVOL. XLI.\n\nNO. 12.]\n\n\n\n\n[Illustration: CONTENTS]\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n  EDITORIAL.\n\n    THIS NUMBER PORTLAND MEETING,                          335\n    SUBSCRIBERS FOR THE \u201cMISSIONARY,\u201d                      336\n    PARAGRAPHS,                                            337\n    STUDENT AID,                                           338\n    MORE ABOUT THE JOHN BROWN SONG,                        339\n    MISSISSIPPI CONVICT SYSTEM,                            341\n\n\n  ANNUAL MEETING.\n\n    PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL MEETING,                         343\n    SUMMARY OF TREASURER\u2019S REPORT,                         352\n    REPORTS OF COMMITTEES,                                 354\n    DR. BUCKINGHAM\u2019S MEMORIAL ADDRESS,                     361\n    THE MISSIONARY INFLUENCE OF A LIFE,\n      AND THE LIFE OF A MISSIONARY INFLUENCE. By\n      Secretary Beard,                                     365\n\n    THE BROTHERHOOD OF MAN. By Secretary Strieby,          372\n\n    NEED OF INTELLIGENCE IN BENEVOLENCE. By Secretary\n      Powell,                                              379\n\n\n  BUREAU OF WOMAN\u2019S WORK.\n\n    REPORT OF SECRETARY,                                   387\n\n\n  RECEIPTS,                                                390\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n                             NEW YORK:\n\n         PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.\n\n                      Rooms, 56 Reade Street.\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n                Price, 50 Cents a Year, in Advance.\n\n  Entered at the Post-Office at New York, N.Y., as second-class\n                              matter.\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\nAmerican Missionary Association.\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n  PRESIDENT, \u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014\n\n\n  _Vice-Presidents._\n\n    Rev. A. J. F. BEHRENDS, D.D., N.Y.\n    Rev. ALEX. MCKENZIE, D.D., Mass.\n    Rev. F. A. NOBLE, D.D., Ill.\n    Rev. D. O. MEARS, D.D., MASS.\n    Rev. HENRY HOPKINS, D.D., Mo.\n\n\n  _Corresponding Secretaries._\n\n    Rev. M. E. STRIEBY, D.D., _56 Reade Street, N.Y._\n    Rev. JAMES POWELL, D.D., 56 _Reade Street, N.Y._\n    Rev. A. F. BEARD, D.D., 56 _Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n\n  _Treasurer._\n\n    H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., 56 _Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n\n  _Auditors._\n\n    PETER MCCARTEE.\n    CHAS. P. PEIRCE.\n\n\n  _Executive Committee._\n\n    JOHN H. WASHBURN, Chairman.\n    A. P. FOSTER, Secretary.\n\n    _For Three Years._\n\n      LYMAN ABBOTT,\n      A. S. BARNES,\n      J. R. DANFORTH,\n      CLINTON B. FISK,\n      A. P. FOSTER,\n\n    _For Two Years._\n\n      S. B. HALLIDAY,\n      SAMUEL HOLMES,\n      SAMUEL S. MARPLES,\n      CHARLES L. MEAD,\n      ELBERT B. MONROE,\n\n    _For One Year._\n      J. E. RANKIN,\n      WM. H. WARD,\n      J. W. COOPER,\n      JOHN H. WASHBURN,\n      EDMUND L. CHAMPLIN.\n\n\n  _District Secretaries._\n\n    Rev. C. L. WOODWORTH, D.D., 21 _Cong\u2019l House, Boston_.\n    Rev. J. E. ROY, D.D., 151 _Washington Street, Chicago_.\n\n\n  _Financial Secretary for Indian Missions._\n\n    Rev. CHAS. W. SHELTON.\n\n\n  _Field Superintendent._\n\n    Rev. C. J. RYDER.\n\n\n  _Bureau of Woman\u2019s Work._\n\n    _Secretary_, Miss D. E. EMERSON, 56 _Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCOMMUNICATIONS\n\nRelating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the\nCorresponding Secretaries; those relating to the collecting fields,\nto Rev. James Powell, D.D., or to the District Secretaries; letters\nfor \u201cTHE AMERICAN MISSIONARY,\u201d to the Editor, at the New York\nOffice.\n\n\nDONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS\n\nIn drafts, checks, registered letters or post-office orders, may\nbe sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York,\nor, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21\nCongregational House, Boston, Mass., or 151 Washington Street,\nChicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a\nLife Member.\n\n\nFORM OF A BEQUEST.\n\n\u201cI BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of \u2014\u2014 dollars, in\ntrust, to pay the same in \u2014\u2014 days after my decease to the person\nwho, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the\n\u2018American Missionary Association,\u2019 of New York City, to be applied,\nunder the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association,\nto its charitable uses and purposes.\u201d The Will should be attested\nby three witnesses.\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\n                                THE\n\n                       AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n           VOL. XLI.       DECEMBER, 1887.       No. 12.\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\nAmerican Missionary Association.\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThis is the Annual Meeting number of THE MISSIONARY. It is twice\nthe usual size, and more than twice the usual value. Addresses\nomitted for lack of space will appear in subsequent numbers. Dr.\nBehrends\u2019s sermon will be printed in the Annual Report.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE PORTLAND MEETING was one of the best in the history of the\nAssociation. The intellectual and spiritual power of all the\nsessions was marked and sustained throughout. The attendance was\nlarge. The churches provided right royally for those who attended.\nThe ministers and those associated with them worked night and day.\nThey anticipated every want. They made themselves the servants of\nall. We cannot thank them as we ought. We cannot reward them as\nthey deserve. They have done the cause a noble service.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nAn enthusiastic, profitable, inspiring meeting was anticipated,\nand that expectation was more than fulfilled. There was no debt to\nmourn over, and no question of administration to dispute about.\nThe one object in coming together was to get a bird\u2019s-eye view of\nthe field, and to crystalize the aroused enthusiasm in the form of\nincreased contributions, exertions and prayers for the society\u2019s\nwork.\n\nNever did the magnitude of its field and the complex character\nof its labors appear in such startling lines. Either one of the\nfour principal departments of labor demands the money and the\nforce which is distributed among all. But, in the providence of\nGod, this society is called upon to prosecute this fourfold work.\nIt cannot abandon a single field, and it must not be asked to.\nIt can do in the next five years a work for Christianity and for\nCongregationalism in the South and West which will tell on the\ncoming century. As Christians, and as Congregational Christians,\nwe must see that it be not obliged to pinch its workers, and to\nturn away from promising openings in order to keep free from debt\nthe coming year.\n\nIn two respects the deliberations are likely to issue in action\nwhich will affect the other societies as well. The strong sentiment\nin favor of a consolidation of the missionary publications will\nprobably take form in some definite action ere long, and the\nfrequent and prolonged laments over the scanty gifts of Christians\nfor missionary operations indicate a determined effort on the part\nof pastors and leaders to induce a revival of giving.\n\nThe American Missionary Association has a united constituency at\nits back, and a boundless field before its face. In the solving of\nthe problems which confront American Christianity, it is to have a\nglorious share.\n\n                                       _The Congregationalist._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREV. DR. ROY, our Western District Secretary, has secured a\nnumber of stereopticon-views illustrative of our work in all its\ndepartments. By aid of the stereopticon he tells his story in a way\nthat keeps both eyes and ears of his audience engaged. The venture\nis highly praised. The overflow meeting, Wednesday evening, in\nPortland, were treated to a part of the lecture and exhibition.\nPeople who say missionary meetings are dull, make themselves\nconspicuously scarce when Dr. Roy comes round.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow is a good time to induce our friends, not subscribers, to\nsubscribe for THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY. With January a new volume of\nthe magazine begins. The price is only 50 cents. The reading matter\nwill be found interesting and profitable. There is a prejudice\nagainst missionary literature. It is unjust. Will our friends aid\nus by trying to destroy that prejudice? We cannot offer premiums\nto induce formation of clubs. It is a _missionary_ magazine that\nwe publish. We invite _missionary_ effort to enlarge its paying\ncirculation.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThat word paying makes us think. We have a large number of life\nmembers, to all of whom we send THE MISSIONARY free. We also send\nit to pastors and Sunday-school superintendents of contributing\nchurches free. By so doing we do not mean to debar them from the\nprivilege of paying. Many of these, knowing that they will receive\nthe magazine anyway, put their subscription into their annual\ndonations. Better send the subscriptions separately. It would\nenable us, by entering the subscriptions upon our books where\nthey belong, to lower the expense of publication. Of course, in\nthe result it is as broad as it is long. We have so much receipts\nand so much expenses, but it is well to give credit where credit\nis due, and our magazine should have its credits acknowledged.\nWhere subscriptions are put in with the general contribution, they\ngo into the general treasury. They do not appear in the specific\nmagazine account, and we have no means of knowing exactly what the\nmagazine costs the general treasury. It is very certain it costs\n_no where near_ what we are obliged to report. We respectfully ask\nthe attention of our friends to this point.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nA PASTOR writes us: \u201cIf pastors would take a little pains to have\nTHE AMERICAN MISSIONARY sent to carefully selected persons in their\ncommunities, it would bring large returns, I am sure.\u201d This is a\nvery important statement, if true. We believe it is true. What\nhave pastors to say about it? They are most earnestly requested to\nexpress their opinions. The question is open.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThis is the way the editor of a colored religious paper in the\nSouth puts it to the ministers:\n\n\u201cIf the Lord called you to preach, he also calls you to subscribe\nfor our paper, so that you may be cut and qualified to preach. It\nis just so, and you had better believe it. Send in your money.\u201d\n\nAnd then he goes for delinquents after this fashion:\n\n\u201cHow can you call yourself honest while you are indebted for your\npaper? The Lord will not hold you guiltless unless you pay what you\nowe. Pay up! Pay up!! Pay up!!!\u201d\n\nWe hasten to add, we were not thinking of subscriptions for THE\nAMERICAN MISSIONARY when we made the above clippings.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThe special attention of pastors is called to the resolution\npresented by the Committee on Secretary Powell\u2019s paper and\nadopted by the Annual Meeting. Will they please see to it that\nthis resolution is brought to the notice of the local conferences\nwith which they are connected. Nothing goes in this world unless\nthere are earnest souls behind it pushing. If that resolution is\ntranslated into action by all the local conferences, it will bring\nthousands of dollars into our treasury.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThe Georgia Legislature has adjourned and gone home. The Chain-Gang\nBill of the House was too barbarous for the Senate to follow. The\nmore refined, though not less cruel Bill of the Senate, the House\nwould not accept. A Committee of Conference failed to find ground\nfor common standing. Thus it was at the time of adjournment.\nPending, however, these considerations, another Bill was passed\nwhich has taken from Atlanta University the State appropriation of\n$8,000, and this is all the legislation enacted on the subject.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nGOVERNOR GORDON, of Georgia, has been making political speeches in\nOhio. Of course he had a good deal to say about the colored people,\nand as might be expected he told his Northern audiences that the\ncharges about their being oppressed at the South were all false.\nIn this opinion the colored people do not agree with the Governor.\nThey assert the opposite with vehemence and persistence. The man\nwho lays on the lash affirms that the strokes do not hurt. The poor\nvictim cries out in pain; but we must not believe the victim. Oh,\nno! He is merely crying for political effect. Indeed, he is not\nbeing whipped at all. He only imagines it, or he has been worked\nup by Northern emissaries to make all this outcry about nothing!\nThe testimony of the colored people is against the Governor. The\nLegislation of his own State, with its story of colored code laws,\npolitical disability laws, and Glenn Bills, is against him. The\ninexpressibly infamous Penitentiary system of his State, which,\nif the victims of its inhuman cruelties were white as they are\ncolored people, would not be tolerated for a moment, is against\nhim. Northern people read and think. Up this way, assertions do not\nstand against facts.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSTUDENT AID.\n\nTo help a needy and worthy student is a delightful way of doing\ngood. Men eminent for usefulness in all parts of the land\nacknowledge their indebtedness to aid given them when in want and\ndiscouraged. Without such aid they never would have gained the\ntraining which now is bearing blessed and abundant fruit. The\nexperiences of the past are repeated in the South, and promising\nyouths, weighted by the entailments of slavery, must have help or\nthey will never reach their greatest possibilities and largest\nusefulness.\n\nIn this beneficence, however, there is need of abundant wisdom;\nfor there is a risk, lest in helping, self-help may be repressed\nand thus harm be done rather than good. It is one thing to carry\na child till he is grown and then lay down at the highway of life\none large enough and old enough to be a man, but still a baby; and\nanother, to so hold the hand in difficult places as to develop the\nankle bones and finally send into the world a man who can not only\nstand alone, but also help others. The wolf\u2019s milk seems still\nnecessary to make a Roman, but the modern Romulus does not cry for\nit. Indeed, he often cries when it is given him. There are risks in\nhelping, just as surely as it is wrong not to help at all. Tramps\nare numerous where warm breakfasts are given to any who come to\nthe door; and aid too easily or too abundantly obtained lessens\nself-reliance, makes muscle flabby, bone cartilage, and heart\npusillanimous. Where, however, aid received is earned by work, when\nit is given so sparingly as to allow no surplus for jewelry, or for\nclothing other than the plainest, the results of its bestowal are\ngood, and only good. Such giving is always to be encouraged.\n\nBut it should be remembered that a semi-tropical climate has its\nliabilities, and that where the north wind seldom cuts, men dread\nthe storm and love to be coddled. \u201cExcelsior\u201d is oftenest found on\nbanners planted amid snow and ice. Besides, slavery pricked the\nham-strings of endeavor, and naturally the young among the freed\npeople are not inclined to say, \u201cI will either find a way or make\none.\u201d Hence the need of tonics, and tonics are proverbially bitter.\nIn general, it is better to give plain cloth to a girl and teach\nher to make her clothing, than to send her stitched and embroidered\napparel; better to equip a workshop than to pay a student\u2019s board\nbill; better, for instance, to give a plough to our Talladega farm\nand put a boy at the handle, than to set before him cooked rations.\nIt is a wiser benevolence to furnish industrial appliances, or to\nsupport a self-denying teacher, hardened in adversity and skilled\nto harden others, than to profusely aid the student whom only work\nand self-denial can make heroic. The petted are apt to be spoiled,\nand those helped the most are usually foremost in fault-finding.\n\n                                              H. S. DE FOREST.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMORE ABOUT THE JOHN BROWN SONG.\n\nWhen at my house, and talking over Mr. Jerome\u2019s account of the\norigin of the John Brown song (printed since in your July number\nof the AMERICAN MISSIONARY), you intimated that it might be of\ninterest to your readers to know of my own relation to it. Since\nthat conversation I have received letters on the same subject, and\nhave had an interview with a reporter for the Chicago _Tribune_,\nwho called to make inquiries. After the latter had left, I\ninstituted a search among my papers, and found some additional\nmemoranda on the matter, made at the time, which enables me to give\nthe account a little more minutely and with a slight correction on\none point.\n\nOn the 23d of October, 1861, I started on a visit to our army, in\nbehalf of the Chicago Sanitary Commission, of which I was a member.\nTaking the train at Chicago for Cairo, Ill., I meditated, during\nthe long hours, on the bearing of the war upon the emancipation\nof the slaves, and was saddened by the indisposition of the\nGovernment, the army, and the leading politicians to connect\nthat object with the preservation of the Federal Union. I had\nbeen preaching and writing on that point with great earnestness,\nand was inwardly inquiring what else I could do in behalf of the\nslave. Just then the John Brown song, which had recently become\nsomewhat popular, and the tune of which\u2014apparently taken from\nthe revival melody, \u201cSay, brothers, will you meet us?\u201d\u2014pleased me\nmuch as admirably effective for use among the people, occurred\nto my mind. It was sung to a ridiculous string of words about\n\u201cWe\u2019ll hang Jeff Davis on a sour apple tree,\u201d etc., but had a good\nchorus: \u201cGlory, hallelujah! His soul is marching on.\u201d Why not have\nsome better stanzas, with a proper rhythmical swing and a good\nanti-slavery moral, yet based on John Brown\u2019s history? The more I\nmeditated on it, the stronger grew the impulse to do something of\nthe kind, till, to while away the tedium of the journey, I pulled\nout the back of a letter or something similar, and wrote a set of\nrhymes. When I saw the Chicago _Tribune_ reporter, I thought that\nthis occurred on my return journey, and so stated to him. But my\noriginal memorandum showed that it was on the day of starting, as\ngiven above. I went to Paducah, Ky., to inspect certain camps, and\nfound there an Illinois regiment, under command of Col. McArthur.\nThe chaplain was my old friend, Rev. Joel Grant, to whom I read\nmy rhymes. He was so struck with their adaptedness to convey\nanti-slavery sentiment, that he insisted on my giving him a copy,\nthat he might set the soldiers to singing them, which I did. On my\nreturn home to Chicago, I concluded to insert them in the Chicago\n_Tribune_, as Mr. Medill\u2019s family attended my church, and I knew\nhis sympathy with the anti-slavery cause. But as I did not claim\nto be a poet, and felt shy of seeming to appear as one, I used the\nsignature of \u201cPlebs\u201d for that and for two other pieces of rhyme,\ncalled \u201cThe Old Fogy\u2019s Lament,\u201d and \u201cThe Warning,\u201d both also on the\nslavery question. I gave the title as \u201cThe New John Brown Song,\u201d\nretaining the first line and the chorus of the early version. There\nwere six stanzas, which were as follows, adding a single omitted\nword:\n\n\nI.\n\n    Old John Brown\u2019s body lies a-moldering in the grave,\n    While weep the sons of bondage, whom he ventured all to save;\n    But though he lost his life in struggling for the slave,\n    His soul is marching on! O Glory! Hallelujah!\n\n\nII.\n\n    John Brown he was a hero, undaunted, true and brave,\n    And Kansas knew his valor, where he fought, her rights to save,\n    And now, though the grass grows green above his grave,\n    His soul is marching on! O Glory! Hallelujah!\n\n\nIII.\n\n    He captured Harper\u2019s Ferry with his nineteen men, so few,\n    And he frightened \u201cOld Virginny,\u201d till she trembled through and\n      through;\n    They hung him for a traitor, themselves a traitor crew,\n    But his soul is marching on! O Glory! Hallelujah!\n\n\nIV.\n\n    John Brown was John the Baptist of the Christ we are to see\u2014\n    Christ who of the bondman shall the Liberator be;\n    And soon throughout the sunny South the slaves shall all be free,\n    For his soul is marching on! O Glory! Hallelujah!\n\n\nV.\n\n    The conflict that he heralded, he looks from heaven to view\u2014\n    On the army of the Union, with its flag, red, white and blue;\n    And Heaven shall ring with anthems o\u2019er the deed they mean to do,\n    For his soul is marching on! O Glory! Hallelujah!\n\n\nVI.\n\n    Ye soldiers brave of freedom, then strike, while strike ye may,\n    The death-blow of oppression, in a better time and way,\n    For the dawn of Old John Brown has brightened into day,\n    And his soul is marching on! O Glory! Hallelujah!\n\n\nThese stanzas were published in the Chicago _Tribune_ of Nov. 16th,\n1861, and were at once issued also in sheet music by Root & Cady,\nthe principal music firm of the West at that time. It thus went all\nover the West and into the army at the South. When the \u201cJubilee\nSingers\u201d prepared a version of \u201cJohn Brown\u201d to sing, they adopted\nthe second and third stanzas of my song, and perhaps others, and\ncarried them still more widely. Wendell Phillips used to quote the\nthird stanza with great effect at times.\n\n                                                  WM. W. PATTON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISSISSIPPI CONVICT SYSTEM.\n\nThe horrid barbarity of the State convict-system in Georgia is\nparalleled by Mississippi. The moral sense of the people in these\nStates is waking up and public attention is being called to the\ncruelty and inhumanity on the part of those who have prisoners\nin charge. It seems incredible that such things can be so. What\na disgrace to our country and our civilization! Here is a report\nrecently made by the Grand Jury of Hinds County, Mississippi:\n\n\n  _To the Hon. T. J. Wharton, Judge_:\n\n  After a most arduous session of eleven days we, the Grand Jury\n  of the First District of Hinds County for this the June term\n  of the court, having completed our labors, beg to submit our\n  final report. We have examined 220 witnesses and have found and\n  returned into court thirty-eight true bills, of which six have\n  been for murder, eight for grand larceny, and the remainder for\n  minor offenses.\n\n  We find, with the exception of murder, there is very little\n  crime in this district; but we are compelled to deplore the\n  fact that homicide seems to be on the increase. We feel we have\n  discharged our duty toward the suppression of this crime as\n  best we were able, leaving the court to carry on the work.\n\n  We have examined the public officers\u2019 accounts and settlements\n  and find everything in good shape. We have examined the\n  jail, and find the roof and floors in bad condition and the\n  bedding and covering of the prisoners insufficient and in a\n  bad condition. We recommend that proper and clean bedding\n  be furnished the prisoners and that the roof be repaired or\n  replaced by a new one.\n\n  We felt it our duty to inspect the penitentiary, and we report\n  the result of our inspection as follows: We find comparatively\n  few prisoners in the walls of the penitentiary, most of them\n  being out on the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad and elsewhere.\n  We found nothing to complain of in the walls. The yard seemed\n  to be clean, and the building, so far as we could judge, in a\n  safe and cleanly condition, and those immediately in charge\n  polite and accommodating in showing us around. But we feel\n  constrained by a sense of public duty to call attention to\n  the hospital there, the manner in which it is kept and the\n  condition of its occupants. _We found twenty-six inmates, all\n  of whom have been lately brought there off_ the farms and\n  railroads, many of them with _consumption and other incurable\n  diseases_, and _all bearing on their persons marks of the most\n  inhuman and brutal treatment_; most of them have their backs\n  _cut in great wales, scars and blisters_, some _with the skin\n  peeling off in pieces as the result of severe beatings_.\n\n  _Their feet and hands in some instances show signs of\n  frost-bite_, and _all of them with_ the _stamp of manhood\n  almost blotted out of their faces, which show that they have\n  been treated more cruelly and brutally than a nation of\n  savages ought to permit inflicted upon its convicts. They are\n  lying there dying, some of them on bare boards, so poor and\n  emaciated that their bones almost come through their skin, many\n  complaining for the want of food._\n\n  We believe they are fed improperly. Sick people ought to have\n  light diet and these poor creatures get their beef water\n  and meal for soup, as we are informed, with coarse meat and\n  cabbage\u2014such diet as they cannot eat. One _poor fellow burst\n  out crying and said he was literally starving to death. We\n  actually saw live vermin crawling over their faces, and the\n  little bedding and clothing they have is in tatters and stiff\n  with filth_.\n\n  We call the attention of the Board of Control to these matters,\n  but under the law we know they can do but little to remedy\n  these evils. We believe they will do the best they can. We\n  are not to be understood as condemning the lessees in person\n  for these things, but we do inveigh against the principle and\n  system of this great State taking a poor creature\u2019s liberty and\n  turning him over to one whose interest it is to coin his blood\n  into money.\n\n  As a fair sample of this system, on January 6, 1887, two\n  hundred and four convicts were leased to McDonald up to June\n  6, 1887, and during this six months twenty died, nineteen\n  were discharged and escaped and twenty-three returned to the\n  walls disabled and sick, many of whom have since died. God\n  will never smile upon a State that treats its convicts as\n  Mississippi does. After a full examination and conference with\n  the kind-hearted prison physician, Dr. Johnston, we find the\n  following persons in the hospital almost in a dying state,\n  some of them with hopelessly incurable diseases and others\n  badly afflicted, and all of them confined for minor offenses,\n  comparatively speaking, and who have long since suffered\n  the full penalty of the law in being beaten and so cruelly\n  mis-treated, and whom we here earnestly beg the Governor to\n  pardon immediately, so that they may at least die free.\n\nThen follow the names of twelve persons, all colored, who, in\nconsequence of the abuse to which they were subjected in prison,\nare now suffering from incurable diseases. Oh, for some John Howard\nto arise in the South and become in God\u2019s hand the instrument of\nwiping this terrible evil out of existence.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\nFORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING\n\nof the\n\nAMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThe Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Missionary\nAssociation convened in the Second Parish Church at Portland,\nMaine, on Tuesday, October 25th, at 3 o\u2019clock P. M.\n\nOwing to the recent death of its President, Hon. Wm. B. Washburn,\nof Massachusetts, the Association was called to order by one of the\nVice-Presidents, Alexander McKenzie, D.D., of the same State, who,\nafter the singing of \u201cCoronation,\u201d read the Scriptures\u2014Mark vi,\n30\u201356\u2014and led in prayer.\n\nRev. Henry A. Hazen, of Massachusetts, was elected Secretary, and\nRev. Edgar M. Cousins, of Maine, Assistant Secretary.\n\nIn the unavoidable absence of W. H. Fenn, D.D., Rev. Charles H.\nDaniels welcomed the Association in behalf of the churches and the\ncity of Portland.\n\nResponse was made by Vice-President McKenzie.\n\nThe following committees were nominated and elected:\n\n_Committee on Nominations._\u2014A. S. Walker, D.D., of Massachusetts;\nRev. Rufus K. Harlow, of Massachusetts; W. L. Gage, D.D., of\nConnecticut; Rev. Arthur Shirley, of Maine; Charles Peck, Esq., of\nConnecticut.\n\n_Committee of Arrangements._\u2014Rev. Charles H. Daniels, Rev. Leavitt\nH. Hallock, Rev. Frank T. Bayley, William H. Fenn, D.D., Dea. E. F.\nDuren, all of Maine.\n\n_Business Committee._\u2014Rev. Geo. M. Howe, of Maine; J. D. Kingsbury,\nD.D., of Massachusetts; Rev. Geo. E. Hall, of New Hampshire;\nRev. Geo. E. Street, of New Hampshire; Dr. Luther B. Morse, of\nMassachusetts; James G. Buttrick, Esq., of Massachusetts.\n\nSecretary Beard read the portion of the Constitution relating to\nlife membership and delegates, and the roll of the Association and\nVisitors was prepared, as follows;\n\n\nROLL.\n\n\n_State Associations._\n\nJames Bell, N.J.; Ruel P. Cowles, Ct.; Rev. T. M. Davies, Me.; Miss\nAnne E. Farrington, N.C.\n\n\n_Local Conferences._\n\nRev. G. W. Christie, Me.; Elnathan F. Duren, Me.; Rev. Wm. A.\nHoughton, Mass.; Rev. C. G. McCully, Me.; Rev. Wm. G. Mann, Me.;\nCharles Morse, Mass.; Rev. B. G. Northrup, Ct.; Miss L. L. Phelps,\nMe.; Rev. Lauriston Reynolds, Me.; E. N. Smith, Me.; Rev. N. J.\nSquires, Ct.; Edward A. Williams, Ct.; Rev. Alexander Wiswall, Me.\n\n\n_Delegates from the Churches._\n\nRev. Jonathan E. Adams, Me.; Rev. Myron W. Adams, N.H.; Mrs.\nElizabeth B. Allen, Me.; Rev. T. M. Beadenkoff, Me.; Mary Q. Brown,\nMass.; Susan M. Brown, Mass.; Mary S. Burge, N.H.; J. W. Burgess,\nMass.; Mrs. Caroline A. S. Burgess, Mass.; G. W. Catlin, Ct.;\nS. H. Chandler, Me.; Rev. G. E. Chapin, Me.; Rev. C. D. Crane,\nMe.; Albert Currier, Mass.; Mrs. Minnie A. Dickinson, Mass.; E.\nW. Douglass, N.C.; Mrs. Ruth Eastman, Me.; Rev. F. F. Emerson,\nR.I.; Rev. John D. Emerson, Me.; Edward H. Emery, Me.; Franklin\nFairbanks, Vt.; Miss M. B. Fairbanks, Me.; B. Freeman, Me.; Rev.\nW. L. Gage, Ct.; Rev. Joshua S. Gay, Mass.; A. Gaylord, N.Y.; C.\nW. Goodnow, Me.; Mrs. C. W. Goodnow, Me.; J. M. Gould, Me.; Jas.\nGraham, Me.; Abbie Greene, Me.; Mrs. S. J. Hall, Mass.; Wolcott\nHamlin, Mass.; Horace F. Hanson, M.D., Me.; Rev. D. W. Hardy, Me.;\nRev. Henry A. Hazen, Mass.; Minnie E. Holt, Me.; Alonzo H. Libby,\nMe.; Rev. H. S. Loring, Me.; Rev. D. D. Marsh, Mass.; Mrs. D. D.\nMarsh, Mass.; Mrs. Eliza W. Merrill, N.H.; Rev. W. A. Merrill, Me.;\nMrs. Martha N. Merrill, Me.; Charles W. Morton, Me.; M. A. Perry,\nMass.; Rev. J. S. Richards, Me.; Rev. C. F. Ropes, N.H.; Alice M.\nRussell, Me.; Rev. Charles L. Skinner, Me.; Rev. B. P. Snow, Me.;\nJoel Spaulding, Me.; Mrs. Caroline Spencer, Me.; John M. Stearns,\nN.Y.; Rev. Edward G. Stone, N.H.; Rev. P. B. Thayer, Me.; Rev. M.\nVan Horn, R.I.; Rev. Wm. G. Wade, Me.; Rev. Albert Watson, N.H.;\nFrank Wood, Mass.; Clinton A. Woodbury, Me.; Rev. D. E. Adams,\nMass.; Rev. Joseph Anderson, Ct.; Rev. Samuel H. Barnum, N.H.; Rev.\nE. Bean, Me.; Mrs. Philo Bevin, Ct.; Rev. Samuel Bowker, Mass.;\nMrs. A. H. Burbank, Me.; Rev. Wm. T. Briggs, Mass.; Rev. Geo. P.\nByington, Vt.; Rev. Edward L. Chute, Mass.; J. H. Clark, Me.; Dea.\nM. Collister, Mass.; Lucius C. Curtis, Me.; Mrs. E. C. Drisko,\nMe.; Rev. Omar W. Folsom, Me.; Rev. H. A. Freeman, Me.; Rev. A. K.\nGleason, Me.; Lydia L. Hawkes, Me.; Dea. J. E. Henry, Mass.; Sarah\nP. Hill, Me.; Rev. John W. Hird, Mass.; Mrs. N. H. Holbrook, Mass.;\nMrs. L. M. Holt, Me.; Rev. G. M. Howe, Me.; Rev. Frank E. Jenkins,\nKy.; Rev. R. W. Jenkins, Me.; Rev. E. S. Jordan, Me.; J. R. Libby,\nMe.; Jas. M. Linsley, Ct.; Dea. Geo. W. Littlefield, Me.; Rev. C.\nW. Longren, Me.; Rev. Henry S. Loring, Me.; Rev. George E. Lovejoy,\nMass.; Chas. E. Miller, Me.; Dr. Luther B. Morse, Mass.; Dea. B. A.\nNourse, Mass.; Rev. C. H. Oliphant, Mass.; Dea. H. W. Otis, Mass.;\nRev. Henry J. Patrick, Mass.; Mrs. Sarah Payne, Me.; Dea. Charles\nPeck, Ct.; Rev. L. Phelps, Mass.; Dea. H. M. Plumer, N.H.; J. G.\nProctor, N.H.; Mrs. Proctor, N.H.; Rev. A. H. Quint, Mass.; Rev.\nCyrus Richardson, N.H.; H. H. Ricker, Me.; D. B. Robinson, Me.;\nRev. Arthur Smith, Me.; Rev. H. A. Stevens, R.I.; Joseph Stover,\nMe.; Mrs. Joseph Stover, Me.; Rev. Geo. A. Tewkesbury, Mass.; Rev.\nA. H. Tyler, Me.; Rev. Jos. N. Walker, Vt.; Mrs. Eben Webster,\nMass.; Gorham N. Weymouth, Mass.\n\n\n_Life Members._\n\nRev. A. F. Beard, N.Y.; James Bell, N.J.; Mrs. Matilda Burleigh,\nMe.; Timothy H. Chapman, Me.; E. L. Champlin, N.Y.; Rev. Samuel W.\nClarke, Mass.; Rev. James W. Cooper, Ct.; Rev. C. H. Daniels, Me.;\nRev. Oliver S. Dean, Mass.; Rev. G. S. Dickerman, Mass.; Rev. W.\nR. Eastman, Mass.; Miss D. E. Emerson, N.Y.; Mrs. Jacob Fullerton,\nMass.; Rev. Geo. L. Gleason, Mass.; Mrs. Geo. L. Gleason, Mass.; D.\nC. Hawes, Me.; Samuel Harrison, Mass.; Esther P. Hayes, Me.; Rev.\nA. Hazen, Mass.; Alma J. Herbert, N.H.; Mrs. B. J. Holbrook, Mass.;\nH. W. Hubbard, N.Y.; Rev. Geo. Lewis, Me.; Mrs. K. B. Lewis, Me.;\nRev. Nehemiah Lincoln, Me.; Charles L. Mead, N.Y.; Gyles Merrill,\nN.H.; Rev. C. P. Mills, Mass.; John W. Munger, Me.; Rev. C. L.\nNichols, Me.; Mrs. Augusta F. Odlin, N.H.; Rev. James Powell, N.Y.;\nS. M. Rideout, Me.; Rev. J. E. Rankin, N.J.; Rev. Joseph E. Roy,\nIll.; Mary Sawyer, Mass.; Rev. Charles W. Shelton, Ct.; Rev. Arthur\nShirley, Me.; Rev. A. F. Skeele, Me.; Rev. W. F. Slocum, Md.; S. A.\nSpooner, Mass.; Rev. Calvin Terry, Mass.; Rev. E. P. Thwing, N.Y.;\nRev. A. S. Walker, Mass.; Mrs. Mary E. Walker, Me.; Rev. I. P.\nWarren, Me.; Mrs. Juliet M. S. Warren, Me.; Mrs. C. L. Woodworth,\nMass.; Rev. Henry C. Alford, Mass.; Rev. Edward E. Bacon, Me.; Rev.\nSmith Baker, Mass.; G. A. Bodge, Ct.; Charles E. Boothby, Me.;\nClara R. Boynton, Mass.; Sadie H. Bragdon, Me.; Dea. T. H. Chapman,\nMe.; Joseph B. Drury, Mass.; Mrs. Joseph B. Drury, Mass.; Rev. John\nD. Emerson, Me.; Rev. L. H. Fellows, Ct.; Rev. Stacy Fowler, Mass.;\nMrs. R. C. Gurney, Mass.; Rev. Henry L. Hammond, Ill.; Rev. Josiah\nT. Hawes, Me.; Rev. Rowland B. Howard, Mass.; Charles M. Lamson,\nVt.; Rev. John H. McIlvaine, R.I.; T. A. McMaster, Mass.; Rev. Geo.\nN. Marden, Colo.; Barak Maxwell, Me.; Lucia G. Merrill, Mass.;\nElisha Newcomb, Me.; Mrs. Annie F. Nichols, Me.; Robert L. Perkins,\nMass.; Mrs. Maria S. Perry, Me.; Mrs. A. A. Phelps, Me.; Charles A.\nRichardson, Mass.; Miss C. M. Scales, Me.; Mrs. A. F. Skeele, Me.;\nMary B. Spalding, Me.; Rev. Geo. F. Stanton, Mass.; Rev. Geo. E.\nStreet, N.H.; Thomas H. L. Tallcott, Ct.; Mrs. M. E. Tenney, N.H.;\nRev. L. J. Thomas, Me.; Eben Webster, Mass.\n\n\n_Visitors._\n\nRev. W. H. S. Aubrey, England; Geo. B. Barrows, Me.; Rev. E. Bean,\nMe.; Rev. John B. Carruthers, Me.; Rev. R. C. Drisko, Vt.; Rev. C.\nH. Gates, Me.; Rev. W. H. Haskell, Me.; Rev. H. C. McKnight, Me.;\nJ. L. Perkins, Mass.; H. Porter Smith, Mass.; Rev. J. W. Strong,\nMinn.; Rev. T. J. Valentine, Mass.; George L. Bunster, N.H.; Rev.\nEdgar M. Cousins, Me.; Rev. John Dinsmore, Me.; Rev. Henry Farrar,\nN.H.; Rev. D. E. French, Me.; Oliver H. Hay, Kans.; Charles Heath,\nMass.; R. N. Holman, Mass.; Rev. Charles G. Holyoke, Me.; Dea. A.\nKingsbury, Ct.; Ira L. McClary, Vt.; A. R. Mitchell, Me.; A. T.\nMuzzy, Me.; Rev. E. S. Palmer, Me.; Rev. H. F. A. Patterson, Me.;\nRev. Augustus Root, Mass.; A. H. Siegfried, N.J.; Dea. Richard\nSmith, Mass.; Rev. Prof. Richard C. Stanley, Me.; Rev. David D.\nTappan, Mass.; Joseph Walker, Me.\n\nThe Treasurer, H. W. Hubbard, Esq., presented his annual report,\nwhich was accepted and referred to the Committee on Finance to be\nappointed.\n\nThe report of the Executive Committee was read by the Field\nSuperintendent, Rev. Charles J. Ryder, and the various portions of\nthe report relating to different departments of work were referred\nto the special committees to be appointed.\n\nThe Association, led by Secretary Strieby, united in a concert of\nprayer with workers in the field.\n\nThe programme prepared by the Committee of Arrangements was adopted\nas the programme of the meeting, unless otherwise directed.\n\nAdjourned to 7.30 P. M.\n\n\nTUESDAY EVENING.\n\nThe meeting was called to order at 7.30 P. M. The devotional\nservices were conducted by Pres. James W. Strong, D.D., of\nMinnesota.\n\nThe annual sermon was preached by A. J. F. Behrends, D.D., of\nNew York, from the third verse of Jude, according to the Revised\nVersion.\n\nThe sermon was followed by the administration of the Lord\u2019s Supper.\nThe following named persons officiated at the service: Ministers\u2014W.\nL. Gage, D.D., of Connecticut; Rev. George S. Dickerman, of\nMassachusetts. Deacons\u2014E. F. Duren, R. H. Hinkley, S. W. Larrabee,\nHoratio Staples, John M. Gould, of Maine; Augustus Gaylord, H. W.\nHubbard, of New York; Elbert B. Munroe, of Connecticut.\n\nAt the close of the communion, adjournment was taken to Wednesday\nat 9 o\u2019clock A. M.\n\n\nWEDNESDAY MORNING.\n\nThe prayer meeting from 8 to 9 o\u2019clock was led by Joseph Anderson,\nD.D., of Connecticut.\n\nAt 9 o\u2019clock the Association was called to order by the\nVice-President presiding, who read the Scriptures. Prayer was\noffered by Rev. Henry S. Loring, of Maine.\n\nThe records of the previous day were read and approved.\n\nThe Committee on Nominations reported the following committees to\nact for the Association, and the report was adopted:\n\nCommittee on Educational Work: Rev. Wm. F. Slocum, Jr., Md.;\nElbridge Mix, D.D., Mass.; Rev. Oliver S. Dean, Mass.; Rev. Forrest\nF. Emerson, R.I.; Rev. Omar W. Folsom, Me.; Rev. George H. Scott,\nMass.; Charles Heath, Esq., Mass.; Mr. W. A. Crosthwait, Tenn.\n\nOn Mountain Work: Alonzo H. Quint, D.D., Mass.; Geo. W. Phillips,\nD.D., Vt.; Rev. Geo. W. Grover, N.H.; Rev. Charles C. McIntire,\nVt.; Rev. Henry M. Grant, Mass.; Rev. Henry J. Patrick, Mass.; Rev.\nJohn A. MacColl, Vt.\n\nOn Indian Work: Frank Wood, Esq., Mass.; Elijah Horr, D.D., Mass.;\nRev. George A. Tewksbury, Mass.; Rev. Frank A. Warfield, Mass.;\nGalen C. Moses, Esq., Me.; A. L. Williston, Esq., Mass.; Carlos\nMontezuma, Ill.\n\nOn Chinese Missions: Rev. S. Lewis B. Speare, Mass.; Rev. Henry\nL. Griffin, Me.; Rev. George S. Dickerman, Mass.; Rev. Charles\nH. Pope, Me.; Rev. Charles P. Mills, Mass.; Dea. Horace W. Otis,\nMass.; Mr. Yan Phou Lee, Ct.\n\nOn Church Work: Rev. Cyrus Richardson, N.H.; Rev. Joseph F.\nLovering, Mass.; Rev. Mahlon Van Horne, R.I.; Rev. George F.\nStanton, Mass.; Rev. Arthur F. Skeele, Me.; Frederick E. Sturgis,\nD.D., Mass.\n\nOn Finance: Charles A. Hull, Esq., N.Y.; Rev. Smith Baker, Mass.;\nEdward S. Atwood, D.D., Mass.; J. Hall McIlvaine, D.D., R.I.; Col.\nFranklin Fairbanks, Vt.; Augustus Gaylord, Esq., N.Y.\n\nA paper on \u201cThe Influence of a Life and the Life of an Influence,\u201d\nwas presented by Associate Corresponding Secretary Augustus F.\nBeard, D.D.\n\nA paper on \u201cThe Brotherhood of Man; or, The Three Brothers who\nSettled America,\u201d was read by Corresponding Secretary M. E.\nStrieby, D.D.\n\nA paper on \u201cNeed of Intelligence in Giving,\u201d was read by Associate\nCorresponding Secretary James Powell, D.D.\n\nThe Committee on Nominations reported the following special\ncommittees upon the papers read:\n\n1. Upon Secretary Strieby\u2019s paper: C. M. Lamson, D.D., Vt.; Rev. J.\nW. Hird, Mass.; E. L. Champlin, Esq., N.Y.\n\n2. Upon Secretary Beard\u2019s paper: Rev. W. A. McGinley, N.H.; Rev. T.\nE. Babb, Mass.; Joseph W. Burgess, Esq., Mass.\n\n3. Upon Secretary Powell\u2019s paper: Joseph Anderson, D.D., Ct.; Rev.\nW. R. Eastman, Mass.; Timothy H. Chapman, Esq., Me.\n\nRev. Dr. Behrends, of New York, spoke upon the subject of\nMissionary Literature as presented in Secretary Powell\u2019s paper.\nRev. G. S. Dickerman and Rev. O. S. Dean, both of Massachusetts,\nspoke upon the same paper.\n\nThe Association listened to addresses in memory of its late\nPresident, the Hon. William B. Washburn, of Massachusetts.\nThese addresses were given by Rev. S. G. Buckingham, D.D., of\nMassachusetts, and Secretary Strieby, of the Association. The\nlatter presented a minute which had been adopted by the Executive\nCommittee at their first meeting after learning of the death of\nGovernor Washburn, and which they recommended for adoption at this\nmeeting, and to be forwarded to the family of the late President.\n\nThe minute, which follows, was unanimously adopted by a rising vote:\n\n  \u201cWe recognize the hand of God in the recent and sudden death of\n  Hon. William B. Washburn, the President of this Association.\n  We mourn the loss of one whose name and influence have been\n  so helpful to it; whose many private virtues have endeared\n  him to so wide a circle of friends; whose public services in\n  the Church and State have been so honored and valued; and we\n  tender to his family our profound sympathy in their irreparable\n  bereavement.\n\n  \u201cYet we are grateful to our Heavenly Father that he called our\n  brother to himself by so painless a death and while in the\n  discharge of his duty as a member of the American Board. We\n  rejoice that in him we can point to one whose loving heart made\n  his home happy, whose integrity and honorable dealing were a\n  noble example in business life, whose honors and offices in the\n  service of the State were unsought and were discharged with\n  fidelity and ability, and whose life and work in the church\n  were an honor to his profession and to the cause of Christ.\n\n  \u201cIn the suddenness of his departure we are reminded that we,\n  too, may be called in an hour that we think not, and yet that\n  it is the privilege of the Christian to be always ready to die\n  with the armor on and in the active service of the Captain of\n  our Salvation.\u201d\n\nAdjourned.\n\n\nWEDNESDAY AFTERNOON.\n\nThe Association was called to order at 2 o\u2019clock. Rev. George E.\nStreet, of New Hampshire, offered prayer.\n\nThe report of the Committee on Educational Work, with an address,\nwas presented by Rev. Wm. F. Slocum, Jr., of Maryland. Further\naddresses were made by Rev. Forrest F. Emerson, of Rhode Island;\nMr. W. A. Crosthwait, of Tennessee, and Rev. Mahlon Van Horne, of\nRhode Island.\n\nThe report of the Committee on Mountain Work was presented by Rev.\nHenry J. Patrick, of Massachusetts. Addresses in connection with\nthe report were given by A. H. Quint, D.D., of Massachusetts,\nchairman of the committee; Rev. Frank E. Jenkins, of Kentucky;\nG. W. Phillips, D.D., of Vermont, and Rev. A. A. Myers, General\nMissionary of the Association, of Tennessee.\n\nJ. E. Rankin, D.D., led in closing prayer.\n\nAdjourned to 7.30 P. M.\n\n\nWEDNESDAY EVENING.\n\nThe Association was called to order at 7.30. Devotional exercises\nwere conducted by James W. Cooper, D.D., of Connecticut.\n\nAn address on \u201cThe Nerve of Missions\u201d was delivered by Pres. Wm. De\nWitt Hyde, D.D., of Bowdoin College, Maine.\n\nHon. Nelson Dingley, of Maine, gave an address upon \u201cSome of the\nchanged conditions in this country that demand increased missionary\neffort.\u201d\n\nThe Association then listened to an address upon \u201cThe conversion of\nthe Chinese in this country,\u201d by Mr. Yan Phou Lee, of Connecticut.\n\nW. H. S. Aubrey, D.D., of England, addressed the meeting upon \u201cSome\nPhases of American Civilization.\u201d\n\nA brief closing address was made by the Vice President presiding.\n\nClosed with singing the doxology and with the benediction.\n\n\nTHURSDAY MORNING.\n\nThe prayer meeting from 8 to 9 o\u2019clock was led by Rev. J. E. Adams,\nof Maine. The Association was called to order by Vice-President A.\nJ. F. Behrends, D.D., of New York, and led in prayer by Rev. R. B.\nHoward, of Massachusetts.\n\nThe minutes of Wednesday were read and approved.\n\nThe report of the Committee on Indian Work was presented by Frank\nWood, Esq., of Massachusetts, who also addressed the Association,\nand was followed by Rev. George A. Tewksbury, of Massachusetts,\nCarlos Montezuma, of Illinois, a representative of the Apache\nIndians of Arizona, and President Joseph Ward, D.D., of Dakota.\n\nThe report was accepted and the recommendation adopted that a\ncommittee be appointed to co-operate with the Financial Secretary\nfor Indian Missions.\n\nThe report of the Committee on Chinese Missions was presented\nby Rev. S. Lewis B. Speare, of Massachusetts, who addressed\nthe Association, and was followed by Rev. Charles P. Mills, of\nMassachusetts; Gen. Augustus Gaylord, of New York, and Mr. Yan Phou\nLee, of Connecticut.\n\nThe report was accepted and adopted, together with the following\nresolution:\n\n  _Resolved_, That the Association, holding its annual meeting in\n  the State of Maine, sends its greetings to Rev. W. C. Pond, a\n  son of Maine, with sympathy in his labors and rejoicing in his\n  success among the Chinamen on the Pacific coast.\n\nThe report of the Committee on Church Work was presented by Rev.\nCyrus Richardson, of New Hampshire, who addressed the Association,\nand was followed by Rev. George F. Stanton, of Massachusetts, and\nMr. W. A. Crosthwait, of Tennessee.\n\nThe report was accepted and adopted.\n\nThe Committee on Nominations reported the following persons as a\ncommittee to co-operate with the Financial Secretary on Indian\nMissions: Frank Wood, Esq., Massachusetts; Franklin Fairbanks,\nEsq., Vermont; Elbert B. Munroe, Esq., New York; Joseph Ward,\nD.D., Dakota; Rev. Charles B. Mills, Massachusetts. And they were\nappointed.\n\nAdjourned to 2 P. M.\n\n\nTHURSDAY AFTERNOON.\n\nThe Association was called to order at 2 P. M. Prayer was offered\nby Rev. Edward Payson Thwing, M.D., of New York.\n\nThe report of the Committee on Finance was presented by Charles A.\nHull, Esq., who also addressed the Association, and was followed\nby J. Hall McIlvaine, D.D., of Rhode Island; Smith Baker, D.D., of\nMassachusetts; Rev. Charles W. Shelton, of the Association, and\nRev. Oliver S. Dean, of Massachusetts. The report was accepted.\n\nAt this hour\u20143.30 o\u2019clock\u2014the Association adjourned to the\nFirst Baptist Church for a business session, leaving the Second\nParish Church to a meeting of the Woman\u2019s Bureau of the American\nMissionary Association.\n\nThe business meeting was called to order by Col. Franklin\nFairbanks, of Vermont, who presided. Prayer was offered by Allen\nHazen, D.D., of Massachusetts.\n\nThe Committee on Nominations reported as follows: First, as\nregards the office of President\u2014No nomination had been made, but\na recommendation that the matter be left in the hands of the\nExecutive Committee, who have power to fill such a vacancy at any\ntime. Second, as regards the remaining offices, the following\nnominations were made:\n\n\n  VICE-PRESIDENTS.\n\n  A. J. F. BEHRENDS, D.D., N.Y.\n  F. A. NOBLE, D.D., Ill.\n  ALEXANDER MCKENZIE, D.D., Mass.\n  D. O. MEARS, D.D., Mass.\n  HENRY HOPKINS, D.D., Mo.\n\n\n  CORRESPONDING SECRETARIES.\n\n  M. E. STRIEBY, D.D.\n  JAMES POWELL, D.D.\n  A. F. BEARD, D.D., all of New York.\n\n\n  TREASURER.\n\n  H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., N.Y.\n\n\n  AUDITORS.\n\n  PETER MCCARTEE, N.Y.\n  CHARLES P. PIERCE, N.Y.\n\n\n  EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.\n\n  (_For Three Years._)\n\n  LYMAN ABBOTT, D.D., N.Y.;\n  J. R. DANFORTH, D.D., Penn.;\n  A. S. BARNES, Esq., N.Y.;\n  Gen. CLINTON B. FISK, N.Y.;\n  A. P. FOSTER, D.D., Mass.\n\n  (_For One Year._)\n  JAMES W. COOPER, D.D., Ct.\n\nThe report was accepted, and a ballot being taken, the persons\nnamed were elected.\n\nThe meeting listened to reports of the committees appointed upon\nthe papers read on Wednesday by the Secretaries.\n\nRev. W. A. McGinley, of New Hampshire, presented the report upon\nSecretary Beard\u2019s paper. The report was accepted.\n\nC. M. Lamson, D.D., of Vermont, presented the report upon Secretary\nStrieby\u2019s paper, which was accepted.\n\nJoseph Anderson, D.D., of Connecticut, presented the report upon\nSecretary Powell\u2019s paper, together with two resolutions. The report\nwas accepted. The first resolution was adopted, as follows:\n\n  _Resolved_, That we submit to the Congregational churches, in\n  local conferences assembled, for careful consideration, the\n  question whether it is not desirable that such conferences\n  establish special committees, whose duty it shall be to\n  secure for this Association, along with the other benevolent\n  societies of the denomination, a hearing from time to time in\n  our churches, especially in those churches which are without\n  pastors, and which for this, or other reasons, are liable to\n  fail in their duty toward our great missionary and benevolent\n  organizations.\n\nAnd it was voted that the Secretaries print this resolution and\nsend a copy to the clerk of each local conference, requesting him\nto bring it to the attention of the body.\n\nAfter discussion, the second resolution relating to a Union\nMissionary Magazine was laid upon the table.\n\nAdjourned to 7.30 P. M.\n\n\nTHURSDAY EVENING.\n\nThe meeting was called to order at 7.30 by Elbert B. Munroe, Esq.,\nof New York. Rev. Frank A. Warfield, of Massachusetts, conducted\ndevotional services.\n\nThe minutes of the day were read and approved, and the Secretaries\nwere authorized to complete the minutes to the end of the meeting,\nand the Executive Committee to print at their discretion.\n\nSecretary Powell, in behalf of Rev. Dr. McIlvaine, of Rhode Island,\nwho had been called away, extended the invitation of the churches\nof Providence, R.I., that the annual meeting of this Association\nfor 1888 be held in that city. The invitation was accepted.\n\nThe Association listened to an address by Hon. William P. Frye, of\nMaine.\n\nSecretary Beard, of the Association, presented an address of thanks.\n\nA response was made by W. H. Fenn, D.D.\n\nVoted to adopt Dr. Beard\u2019s statement as a minute, to go upon the\nrecords. The minute is as follows:\n\nA year ago when the American Missionary Association was reaching\nout in its thought for a place where the churches and Christians\nwho are interested in its work could assemble to hear its reports\nand to consider the great causes which have been committed to it, a\nmost cordial invitation was received from the churches of Portland\nto accept their Christian hospitality.\n\nThose of us who have had occasion to know how much solid heartiness\nand sincere good will is extended in the outstretched right hand\nof this people had no question as to the pleasure which would be\nexperienced by those who should be recipients of it. We answered\nthat it was in our hearts to come, and we have done our best all\nthis year to bring to these churches cheerful faces and glad hearts.\n\nWe came grateful to God in that we could look the world in the\nface with our debts cancelled, owing no man anything but love;\nwith no gloomy shadows over us, happy in the glorious experience\nof knowing that we possessed money enough in our treasury to carry\non our work two whole days. We have met with the characteristic\ngreeting of a people \u201cgiven to hospitality.\u201d We have come to a\nland of steady habits, and when some of you have taken us by the\nhand in the closeness of your grip we have sometimes been led\nto think that this is the greatest vice (_vise_) you have. And\nnow, with our gratitude to God for His smiles in these beautiful\nclear days and bright skies, as if in harmony with the delightful\nChristian atmosphere of these meetings\u2014symbolizing the spirit of\nour gatherings\u2014it is not in accordance with a custom of form merely\nthat we desire to express to these churches and pastors, and to\nall our kind friends here, our high appreciation of their service\nto this cause of missions, and to us so far as we represent this\ncause. You have given us strength and courage for our work another\nyear.\n\nIt is not a small thing to arrange for a series of services like\nthis. It means forethought and much care, many steps and much\nfatigue. It is not a small thing for people to open their homes\nfreely to strangers and to so receive them that they are no more\nstrangers.\n\nPermit us then to thank the pastor, the officers and members of\nthis church and society within whose walls we have studied and\nreviewed our work together. This is an ancient church, historic\nover the land. You have done no injustice to its history in your\ninterest for the kingdom of God. Let us also thank the churches and\npastors who have kindly shared in this abundant hospitality.\n\nWe should do that to which our hearts are foreign should we fail to\nremember those who have led us in Christian praise and those who\nin their labor of love have in many ways of service assisted the\nobjects of this Missionary Association.\n\nWe recognize the courtesy of those railway and steamboat lines\nwhich have facilitated our travel here. Nor do we forget the\nenterprise of your public press and the kindness which has been\nextended to us in their full and accurate reports.\n\nIf any of you in this free-hearted welcome have entertained angels\nawares or unawares, we are glad of it. Most of us have left our\nparticular angels at our homes. Some of us have not failed to\ndiscover that there are angels here in yours.\n\nTherefore, brethren, in the name of our great Mission, of the\nschools and institutes which we have brought before you, of the\nchurches which have prayed for us while we have been assembled, and\nin the name of the people to whom we are sent in Christ\u2019s stead and\nin your stead, accept our sincere thanks.\n\nAs we take up our farewell to go, we can appreciate your hearty\nservices not only, but also your ability to successfully conceal\nany gratification which you may have that these three long days are\nover.\n\nVoted that after singing, and a benediction by Rev. Dr. Walker, of\nConnecticut, this meeting stands adjourned _sine die_.\n\n                    HENRY A. HAZEN, Secretary.\n                    EDGAR M. COUSINS, Assistant Secretary.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSUMMARY OF TREASURER\u2019S REPORT.\n\n\n    RECEIPTS.\n\n    From Churches, Sabbath-schools,\n      Missionary Societies and Individuals     $189,483.39\n    From Estates and Legacies                    52,266.73\n    From Income, Sundry Funds                    10,561.07\n    From Tuition and Public Funds                28,964.81\n    From Rents                                      478.10\n    From United States Government, for\n      Education of Indians                       17,357.21\n    From Slater Fund, paid to Institutions        7,650.00\n                                                \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 $306,761.31\n                                                           ===========\n\n    EXPENDITURES.\n\n\n    THE SOUTH.\n\n    For Church and Educational Work, Land,\n      Buildings, etc.                          $197,768.68\n\n\n    THE CHINESE.\n\n    For Superintendent, Teachers, Rent, etc.      7,564.95\n\n\n    THE INDIANS.\n\n    For Church and Educational Work, Buildings,\n      etc.                                       47,920.71\n\n\n    FOREIGN MISSIONS.\n\n    For Superintendent, Missionaries, etc.,\n      for Mendi Mission, Income paid to the\n      Society of the United Brethren in Christ    4,870.10\n    For Support of Aged Missionary, Jamaica, W.I.   250.00\n\n\n    PUBLICATIONS.\n\n    For \u201cAmerican Missionary,\u201d (22,600 monthly,\n      including cost of copies sent gratuitously\n      to pastors, S. S. superintendents, life\n      members, donors, etc.) Annual Reports,\n      Clerk Hire, Postage, etc.                   7,080.00\n\n\n    AGENCIES.\n\n    NEW YORK.\u2014Associate Corresponding Secretary,\n      Traveling Expenses, Circulars, etc.         4,159.93\n    NEW YORK.\u2014Woman\u2019s Bureau, Secretary,\n      Traveling Expenses, Circulars, etc.         1,434.33\n    FOR EASTERN DISTRICT.\u2014District Secretary,\n      Clerk Hire, Traveling Expenses, Printing,\n      Rent, Postage, Stationery, etc.             4,389.77\n    FOR WESTERN DISTRICT.\u2014District Secretary,\n      Clerk Hire, Traveling Expenses, etc.        4,603.67\n\n\n    ADMINISTRATION.\n\n    For Corresponding Secretary, Associate\n      Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer and\n      Clerk Hire                                 11,931.81\n\n\n    MISCELLANEOUS.\n\n    For Rent, Care of Rooms, Furniture, Repairs,\n      Fuel and Light, Books and Stationery, Rent\n      of Safe Deposit Box, Clerk Hire, Postage,\n      Traveling Expenses, Expressage, Telegrams,\n      etc.                                        5,073.40\n    Annual Meeting                                  379.35\n    Wills and Estates                               271.32\n    Annuity Account                                 899.77\n    Amounts refunded, sent to Treasurer by\n      mistake                                       186.01\n                                                  \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 $298,783.80\n\n        Debt, September 30th, 1886                            5,783.71\n                                                            \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n                                                           $304,567.51\n\n        Balance on hand September 30th, 1887                  2,193.80\n                                                            \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n                                                           $306,761.31\n                                                            ==========\n\n\n    THEOLOGICAL ENDOWMENT FUND.\n\n    North Bloomfield, Ohio, \u201cA Friend,\u201d for Talladega\n      College                                                  $709.25\n\n\n    ARTHINGTON MISSION FUND.\n\n    Hillsdale, Mich., Estate of Mrs. T. F. Douglass            $100.00\n\n\n    The receipts of Berea College, Hampton N. and A. Institute,\n    and Atlanta University, are added below, as presenting\n    at one view the contributions for the general work in\n    which the Association is engaged:\n\n    American Missionary Association General\n      Fund                                     $306,761.31\n    American Missionary Association Theolog\u2019l\n      Endowment Fund, Talladega College             709.25\n    American Missionary Association Arthington\n      Fund                                          100.00\n                                                \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 $307,570.56\n    Berea College, Donations                     11,131.51\n    Berea College, for New Building              15,000.00\n                                                \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014   26,131.51\n    Hampton N. and A. Institute                              82,715.26\n    Atlanta University (add\u2019l to A. M. A.)                   10,171.69\n                                                            \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n                                                           $426,589.02\n                                                            ==========\n\n                                  H. W. HUBBARD, Treasurer,\n                                            56 Reade Street, New York.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORTS OF COMMITTEES.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORT ON EDUCATIONAL WORK, SOUTH.\n\nBY REV. W. F. SLOCUM, CHAIRMAN.\n\nYour committee, to which the report of the executive committee on\neducational work in the South was referred, would express at the\noutset their profound gratitude for the success that has followed\nthe efforts that have been put forth in this large and important\ndepartment of the work of the American Missionary Association.\n\nWhile they deplore with all those who have the interests of this\nwork at heart, the political attempts to limit the usefulness\nof the Association, that has grown out of unworthy partisan\nprejudices, yet they perceive with thankfulness that there is an\nelement growing stronger every year at the South that appreciates\nthe place, the importance and the value of these schools. Notably\nis this shown in Mississippi, where the State appropriation for the\nTougaloo University was the only one not reduced. They would speak\nwith appreciation of the Christian spirit that infuses all these\nschools, and the deeply religious character that is given to the\nwork, and of the strong personal influences which are brought to\nbear upon the students.\n\nYour committee feel that the time has come to push with greatest\nvigor a work that shall meet the demand for teachers in the public\nschools of the South, and to avail ourselves of the opportunity to\nreach the children and the homes of colored people through these;\nthat every effort needs to be put forth to send out these teachers\nestablished in Christian ethics and feeling that the moralities of\nlife are the basis of all true education.\n\nGreat pleasure is taken in the advance that is made each year in\nthe matter of industrial and agricultural training; and every\neffort which tends to transform this people into an intelligent,\nupright Christian yeomanry, will be a profound blessing. Our\nconstant aim should be to establish the true dignity of labor and\nthe healthful desire to possess property and an intelligence that\nsecures the best condition as property holders. Your committee are\nof the opinion that the opportunity for good through these schools\nwas never larger than at present, and that the need of enlargement\nin many is imperative, and also that the time has come to push the\nwork of special endowment for the larger institutions, that they\nmay become independent of any financial pressure and may be put\nupon a permanent basis. And therefore of the three alternatives\nsuggested by the claims of the work at present which they suggest\nin their report, can endorse one only, and do therefore most\nheartily recommend that instead of sacrificing the character of the\nwork, instead of reducing the amount of work done, the Association\nshall have more money.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORT ON CHURCH WORK, SOUTH.\n\nBY REV. CYRUS RICHARDSON, CHAIRMAN.\n\nYour committee into whose hands has been placed the report of the\nchurch work in the South desire to state their impressions by\ncalling attention to three or four important points.\n\nFirst, to the marked increase in the membership of the\nSunday-schools\u2014an increase during the year of 2,000 pupils, or 15\nper cent., bringing the present membership up to 15,109.\n\nComparing this with the entire enrollment in 1882, we find that\nduring the five years there has been a growth of 100 per cent.\n\nThis is specially gratifying because it is understood that\nSunday-schools or missions started at new stations look to\nthe speedy establishment of churches at those stations; while\nwell-organized schools in churches already established result in\nthe careful study of God\u2019s word, with a constant application of\ninspired doctrine to practical life, looking both to the permanence\nof the churches and the personal purity of their members.\n\nAnother important item noticed in the report appears in the\nstatement touching the amount of money which these churches have\ngiven.\n\nBeside the $16,000 contributed for their own religious work, $2,300\nhave been devoted to pure benevolence. If this should seem a small\nsum as a contribution of 127 churches, it must be remembered\nthat it is the gift of poverty, and not of wealth. The free-will\nofferings of almost any one of these congregations, when compared\nwith the contributions of not a few New England churches, suggest\nthe words of the Master: \u201cShe hath cast in more than they all.\u201d\n\nTheir spirit of sacrifice has often won for the colored people\nhearty commendation. To those of us who live amid multiplied\ntemporal and spiritual privileges, and who easily lose sight of the\ngoodly heritage for which we are to give an account, it is a spur,\nif not an inspiration, to read the story of the sacrifices which\nsome of these brethren make in the giving of their scant substance\nfor the more destitute members of the human family.\n\nTheir offerings for pure benevolence were above $600 more than the\nprevious year, and are double what they were four years ago.\n\nYour committee are glad to find that this feature of denominational\nwork is strongly emphasized by the Executive Board, and that these\nchurches, poor though they be, are taught that _giving_ as well as\n_receiving_ is a necessary factor in their growth, and that in true\nworship alms as well as prayers rise before God as a memorial.\n\nAnother noticeable item in the report is the building of\nmeeting-houses. Indeed, the report characterizes the past year\nin its Southern work as one of \u201cbuilding activity.\u201d Every church\nthat is to become permanent must have its house dedicated to God.\nThe sanctuary helps to hold the people together and attach them\nto forms of worship that demand a reverential attitude. Perhaps\nno people have greater need than our colored brethren of those\nreligious forms and ceremonies which secure quiet and order in the\npublic devotions of the assembled multitudes.\n\nWe therefore rejoice in every new meeting-house that this society\nhelps the struggling churches of the South to build.\n\nAnother item in the report to which we call attention is the\norganization of seven new churches during the year, about the\naverage number, if you take a series of a dozen or more years, but\nnot the average if you take simply the last five years.\n\nSince 1882 the average rate of increase has been eleven per year.\n\nIt would undoubtedly be a joy to us all if the rate of increase\ncould be more rapid. We must not, however, forget that we are at\nwork \u201camong a people who have no congregational trend or training.\u201d\nIt is undoubtedly wise to proceed with care, planting churches\nat the right centres and only where they will give promise of\npermanence.\n\nAfter all the caution that has been exercised it has been necessary\nrecently to drop four or five from the list. The aim should be at\nstability and worth rather than numbers. A single church organized\non the right basis, watched over with painstaking care, so that her\nmembers shall adorn the doctrines they profess, will do more for\nthe prosperity of Congregationalism in this part of the country\nthan would a score of churches hastily organized and unsuitably\nlocated. We think the officers of this society have been wise in\ntheir movements thus far; nearly all the churches organized having\nmade a history that deserves the admiration of Christian people\neverywhere.\n\nBut when we think of the constantly increasing number of graduates\nfrom the Christian schools and colleges under the patronage of this\nsociety; and the greater familiarity of the Secretaries with the\nlocalities suited to become strategic points for Congregationalism\nin the South; and the marked success of those churches whose\npermanence is beyond question, are we not warranted in expressing\nthe hope that in the near future we shall see a radical advance all\nalong this important line of denominational work? We know that this\nis what our Secretaries long for as well as pray for, and what with\nour contributions cheerfully made, they will hope to accomplish.\n\nThey heartily agree with us in believing that the uplifting\ninfluences of schools and colleges would be readily dissipated\nor turned into channels for evil if they are not gathered up and\nmultiplied in rightly constituted bodies which shall prove the\ngerms around which the forces of the community shall organize for\ngood. Working together, therefore, as contributors and directors,\nwe may expect to be cheered from year to year with the rapid growth\nin the numbers of these organized Christian forces which have\nin themselves vitalizing and transforming power which works for\nrighteousness both in character and conduct.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORT ON MOUNTAIN WORK.\n\nBY REV. A. H. QUINT, D.D., CHAIRMAN.\n\nThe committee on so much of the Annual Report as relates to\nmountain work, particularly in Tennessee and Kentucky, respectfully\nreports as follows:\n\nThe few details given in the report are of such an interesting\ncharacter as to suggest the earnest wish that far more extended\naccounts of facts and incidents had been spread before the\nAssociation.\n\nWant of space in the narration of the vast work of this body was\nof course the constraining reason for brevity in the report. But\nthe comprehensive statement which is made exhibits conclusively the\nopportunity for a new and peculiar work, namely, that of giving the\nGospel, its character and its schools, to a class hitherto scarcely\ntouched by beneficent Christian agencies.\n\nThis is a class of white population, a class which felt of\ncourse in some degree the blighting influence of slavery, which\ncontaminated everything within the reach of its malaria; but this\nclass, from its circumstances, was not a slave-holding class. It\nis a class of sturdy blood and mountain habits, and is capable\nof great development. Two considerations urge the necessity of\ncovering this field.\n\nOne is, the ordinary obligation to preach the gospel to those who\ndo not have the gospel.\n\nThe other is, the evident capacity of this peculiar people to\nbecome a power in the development of that section of our land.\n\nWhile the field and the number of persons are both limited in\ncomparison with the great work among the freedmen, their importance\nappeals to this Association with steadily increasing force.\n\nThe opportunity is at hand, and it is in a line which old friends\nof our regenerating work could scarcely have hoped for. Devout\npraise is due to Almighty God for this open door to a vast success.\n\nIt is worthy of notice in this respect how, in the history of this\nAssociation, God has steadily placed before it successive duties\nand successive privileges. From the first dawning of its Foreign\nand Home work, freed from complicity with the great sin of our\ncountry, new specialties have been added as fast as older ones were\nripened into practical efficacy. This comparatively new work seems\nto be in a direct line of Divine development. Your Committee feels\nthat the sanction of this Association should be emphatically given\nto the work of its administration in this department, a work in\nwhich no spirit of caste shall be in any way tolerated, and that\nthe call for a large increase of laborers to be located at all\nsuitable points, should be met as rapidly as possible.\n\nThe Committee has no doubt of the wisdom and judicious care which\ncharacterizes your Executive Committee, and believes that that\ncommittee needs only the hearty approval of this body to encourage\nit to go on in this direction.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORT ON INDIAN WORK.\n\nBY MR. FRANK WOOD, CHAIRMAN.\n\nThe first great work of this Association was due to a crisis in\nthe history of one oppressed race on this continent, who after\nmore than one hundred years of slavery and oppression, had, in the\nprovidence of God, freedom and citizenship suddenly thrust upon\nthem. Four millions of souls\u2014a large majority poor, ignorant and\ndegraded\u2014to these came the A. M. A. as God\u2019s own messenger to lead\nthe way to education, usefulness and Christianity.\n\nA similar emergency has now arisen in the history of another\noppressed and wronged race for whom this Association has always\ndone good work\u2014the North American Indian.\n\nSince the last annual meeting of this Association, the Dawes Bill,\nwhich has been called the emancipation proclamation of the Indian,\nhas passed both houses of Congress, and is now the law of the land.\nPublic attention, as never before, has been turned to the wrongs\nand the needs of the Indian. The new conditions have developed\nnew necessities, new opportunities, and new dangers. Numerous\nsocieties, in thirty-two different States, have been organized to\nassist them. All this gives new importance to the work of the A.\nM. A. among the Indians. The summary for the year is encouraging.\nThe conversions and additions to church membership tell a story\nof faithful, unselfish work for the Master, in one of the hardest\npossible fields of missionary labor, with little of the romance\nor pleasure of travel sometimes afforded by missions in foreign\nlands; among a people whom a Judge of the Supreme Court called \u201ca\ndespised and rejected class of persons;\u201d handicapped and hindered\nin all their efforts by the suspicions and hatreds developed by\ncenturies of injustice, robbery and cruelty from a Government that\nclaimed to be civilized and Christian, and also by the Reservation\nSystem, which puts the missionary and the teacher under the\nabsolute control of the Indian Agent, who may be a mere political\ntool and a man of no character, yet has despotic authority on the\nreservation, with power to expel or imprison the missionary, or\nbreak up his school or congregation. Yet in spite of all obstacles,\nthrough love of Him who was also \u201cdespised and rejected of men,\u201d\nthey remained faithful amid dangers and difficulties, till, through\ntheir labor and that of their companions and predecessors, there\nare now nearly 29,000 Indian church members.\n\nNone have done better or more faithful work than the missionaries\nof the A. M. A. None are doing better work than Mr. Riggs and his\nassociates. Yet, when compared with the extent of the field and\nthe number and spiritual needs of those not yet reached by the\ninfluences of the gospel, and the opportunities and perils incident\nto their new and changing conditions of life, how very small is\nthe work that the Christian Church is doing in this great field.\nThink of it\u2014two hundred and forty-eight thousand Indians in the\nmidst of a Christian land, and after the labor of 200 years only\n29,000 professed Christians among them, and only 143 missionaries,\nof all denominations, to carry the gospel to this great multitude;\nand these few are hampered and hindered in their work by the\nintercourse laws, the opposition of agents and the orders of the\nCommissioner. When for the first time legislation, based on justice\nand humanity, is opening up vistas of usefulness and progress to\nthe Indian; when the need of Christian teaching, guidance and care\nis greater than ever before, the Indian Bureau has issued orders\nthat paralyzes missionary operations, by prohibiting the use of the\nvernacular in teaching English or the truths of the gospel. The\nIndians all know the vernacular. They have been carefully shut away\nfrom any other language by the Government restraints that surround\nall reservations, shutting out everything that would educate or\ncivilize. The vernacular is used in the mission schools to teach\nEnglish and the truths of the gospel to those who understand no\nother language. With this use we should submit to no interference.\nIn a contest for religious liberty against the official tyranny\nthat has for the last hundred years tried to usurp the place of\nDivine Providence to the Indian, we may be sure of the support of\nthe freedom-loving American people. The intercourse laws should\nbe repealed, so far as they relate to the operation of missionary\nsocieties. We should insist that all obstructions to the preaching\nof the gospel should be swept away. Then bring before all the\nchurches the pressing and immediate needs of these neighbors who\nhave fallen among thieves, who are pagans in a Christian land.\nWhile we are waiting they are passing into eternity. Shall we\nremain in selfish indifference till we are aroused by the dreadful\nsentence, \u201cIf thou dost not speak to warn the wicked from his way,\nthat wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood will I\nrequire at thy hand.\u201d This Association is only the servant of the\nchurches. The means and the men must come from the churches. If\nthe churches were awake to their duty in this matter, and realized\ntheir responsibility for the Christianizing of the Indian, they\ncould send missionaries to every part of this field within a year.\nThere are 348,000 Indians in the country, excluding Alaska. From\nthis number we should deduct 65,000 in the five civilized tribes.\nThis leaves 183,000. Of this number 28,600 are already church\nmembers. This leaves a population not greatly more than three times\nthe size of this city of Portland. Would we dare to say to our\nMaster that we cannot occupy this field?\n\nThere never has been a time so propitious as the present; there\nnever has been a time when the wrongs and the needs of the Indian\nhave received so much attention from the Christian, the legislator\nand the philanthropist.\n\nTherefore your committee would recommend that a committee of five\nbe chosen to co-operate with the Financial Secretary for Indian\nMissions in devising and carrying out measures to bring the needs\nand opportunities of the Indian field before the churches, other\nmissionary societies doing Indian work, and the numerous Indian Aid\nsocieties now organized throughout the country.\n\nThis committee should make an effort to secure the co-operation of\nall Christians and friends of the Indian in a greatly enlarged,\nthorough, systematic mission work. They should also labor to create\na public sentiment that should demand the repeal of the intercourse\nlaws, so far as they hinder mission work; the order in relation to\nthe use of the vernacular in the mission schools, and the removal\nof every other obstruction of the Indian Bureau to the civil and\nreligious liberty of the missionary and teacher on the one hand,\nand the Indian on the other.\n\nThe gospel of Christ offers the only solution to the Indian\nproblem. It must precede and prepare the way for civilization.\nThrough it alone can we save the Indian, and atone for the century\nof dishonor in which our Government\u2019s system of dealing with the\nred men has made them paupers and kept them barbarians and pagans.\nThis is the work of the Christian church, and if we shrink from or\navoid the duty of the hour, God will not hold us guiltless.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORT ON CHINESE WORK.\n\nBY REV. S. L. B. SPEARE, CHAIRMAN.\n\nYour committee note with special satisfaction the following\nindications of progress in the work of our Association for the\nChinese. Willing subjects of missionary labor are more numerous\nand more accessible. Past years of foundation work, dealing with\nAsiatic inertia and colossal prejudice and just resentment under\nwrong, are bearing fruit unusual in amount and assured genuineness.\nOur faithful missionary superintendent on the Pacific coast\ndoes not abate his courage or enthusiasm. Faithful teachers and\nco-workers can be found. The Lord of the vineyard has set his\nseal of approbation by granting harvests which, in the light of\ndifficulties in the field and their promise for the future, are\ntruly great. That Foreign Missionary Society, spontaneously formed\nby Chinese converts, thoroughly equipped and liberally supported in\nproportion to their means, and which aims, finally, at nothing less\nthan the conversion of China\u2019s millions, should silence any and all\ncavil or uncertainty as to their motives in embracing Christianity.\nJapan, also, hears tidings of Christian sympathy as her wandering\nsons are met with helpful counsels and religious enlightenment on\nthese far western shores\u2014the land of their ideal civilization.\nWe rejoice that those in charge of the field see their way clear\nfor \u201ctentative evangelistic work\u201d and have entered upon it. This\nbetokens firm conviction and resolute purpose that the field shall\nbe taken for Christ. Difficulties and embarrassments only multiply\ntheir zeal and methods. Like the great missionary to the Gentiles,\nthese heralds of the gospel look upon \u201cmany adversaries\u201d and \u201can\nopen door\u201d as equivalents. The statistics of recent progress\nemphasize our golden opportunity to reach the \u201chermit natives\u201d\nthrough their representatives within our borders.\n\nYour committee note with profound regret the serious falling off in\nthe money appropriations for their work. Native helpers, skilled\nand consecrated, are the chief preaching agency of all missionary\nfields, and of China pre\u00ebminently. Ours is the opportunity to\nmultiply such helpers. California is in the foreground to-day as\nnever before, not excepting the old mining days. The church should\noccupy that field with a zeal and wisdom that shall emulate the\nenterprise of railroads and real estate projectors. The church\nmust not contradict all her traditions and working principles\nwhen Christ\u2019s poor come to her borders by the thousand and under\nconditions specially favorable to Christ-like approach. Her own\nlife will be impoverished by so doing. The priest and Levite\nwronged and degraded their own souls by passing on the other side\nfrom the wounded sufferer, as much as the good Samaritan enriched\nhis by pouring oil into his wounds and sheltering the victim of\nrobbers.\n\nYour committee hope that measures can be taken to bring the\nattention of our beloved churches to this their phenomenal\nopportunity and duty\u2014to give the gospel at short range and nominal\ncost, to Asia\u2019s millions and support that message with all possible\nsympathy and aid.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE.\n\nBY MR. CHAS. A. HULL, CHAIRMAN.\n\nIn presenting their report upon the financial condition and\nmanagement of the business of the American Missionary Association,\nyour committee on Finance desire to commend the clear and thorough\nmanner in which the accounts are kept, so that any needed\ninformation may be had regarding any one of the numerous items of\ninvestment or expense at the numerous places where the work of the\nAssociation is carried on. The schedule of the property owned by\nthe Association shows it to be possessed of buildings and land for\nthe carrying on of educational and church work, the aggregate cost\nof which stands at $576,540.15. In addition to this plant, the\nEndowment funds amount to $229,375.78 which are securely invested,\nand yield an annual income of about $10,000. The Association also\nholds conditional trust funds amounting to $69,726.95. The good\njudgment shown in the purchase of land, the erection of buildings,\nand the investment of the permanent funds speaks well for the\nthorough care of the officers and the Executive Committee.\n\nThe committee desire to congratulate you and the Congregational\nchurches of our land upon the extinction of the debt which for\nseveral years has been a burden to the Association. The treasurer\u2019s\nreport shows a balance on hand of $2,193.80, after paying every\nliability of the Association up to October 1, 1887, including the\ndebt of $5,783.71, which remained at the end of the previous year.\n\nIn order to accomplish this, however, it has been necessary to\ndefer until the receipts should warrant it, much work which presses\nwith importunity upon the Association in the various fields.\n\nWe find that the treasurer\u2019s accounts are regularly and faithfully\nexamined each month by the financial committee of your executive\nboard; and at the end of the year by two auditors chosen by the\nAssociation who attach their certificate to the report, and who\nare thoroughly reliable business men. The accuracy and economy\nof the work are thus as fully secured as in any merely business\nestablishment. The by-laws of the executive committee provide a\nsystem of checks upon the officers similar to those in use in great\ncorporations; and while of old it was said that \u201cthe children of\nthis world are wiser in their generation than the children of\nlight,\u201d we are glad to note that in the administration of the\nAmerican Missionary Association so great a degree of worldly wisdom\nor common sense has been employed.\n\nThe duties of the treasurer are responsible, and have been\nperformed with exactitude and fidelity. The receipts for current\nwork of the year from all sources have been $306,761.31; and the\nexpenditures therefor, $298,783.80.\n\nThese items of expenditure have been carefully examined in detail\nby your committee, and they report that in each department the most\ncareful economy has been used, and no curtailment which would not\nmaterially cripple the effective force of the Association seems\npossible.\n\nYour committee have taken some pains to compare the expenses of\nthe Association with those of other missionary societies, and we\nfind that it does not suffer in the comparison. The committee note\nwith regret that the expenditures for work among the Indians\nand Chinese have been cut down materially as compared with the\nprevious fiscal year; but we believe that the policy of the\nexecutive committee in refusing to incur liabilities which the\nCongregationalists of the country would not meet is the right one.\n\nThey must keep the Association so economically and so safely\nmanaged that no reproach may justly fall upon it; and the fact that\nthey are able to come before you at this meeting, and to report the\nabsolute extinction of the load of debt which has been upon them\nand you for several years, and have yet developed and prosecuted\nwith vigor the grand labor for the oppressed, appeals in the\nstrongest possible way to you for the most generous increase of the\nsums to be intrusted to their management in the year to come.\n\nAll departments need enlarging. The Southern work ought to have\nnot less than $275,000; $15,000 is a small sum to spend upon the\nChinese on our western coast, while $60,000 would hardly give\nthe much needed development to the Indian Mission. Shall not the\n$350,000 thus plainly needed and earnestly recommended by the last\nNational Council of Congregational churches be forthcoming? From\nus to whom much has been given, much will surely be required. If\nwe cannot in person go with these Christian men and women who are\ndevoting their lives to the direct work of this Association, into\nthe cabin of the Negro, the abode of the mountaineer, the opium den\nof the Chinese, or the wigwam of the Indian, let us at least say\nto those who do,\u2014\u201cWe will uphold your hands, we will abundantly\nsupport your work, we will, as far as we can, share your burdens\nand be your fellow laborers.\u201d\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nDR. BUCKINGHAM\u2019S MEMORIAL ADDRESS.\n\nThe recent and lamented death of Governor Washburn, the\nPresident of this Association, calls vividly to mind his worth\nand usefulness; and it will be of interest to you to know the\nestimation in which he was held, and the respect felt for his\ncharacter and influence in our Connecticut valley. Like Governor\nStrong before him, he was one of the \u201cRiver-gods,\u201d influential and\ncommanding in all that region, though ruling more by his personal\ncharacter than by any official station.\n\nHe was born at Winchendon, Mass., in 1820, and had lived all\nhis life either near, or in, Greenfield. His father died in his\ninfancy, leaving him in straitened circumstances, but he managed\nto obtain a good preparatory education at Lawrence Academy,\nGroton, and was graduated at Yale College in 1844. He purposed\nto devote himself to the Christian ministry, but the death of an\nuncle leaving a large manufacturing business heavily embarrassed\ncompelled him to take the management of it, which he did with such\nability and success that he not only rescued the business from\ninsolvency, but made it the basis of his own life-long prosperity\nand the source of his ample benevolence.\n\nThe same qualities which made him successful in business carried\nhim into public life and secured him equal respect and influence\nthere. His sound judgment, fidelity to duty, scrupulous integrity\nand Christian principle, made him sought after for public offices\nand corporate trusts, as few men are. He had been a member of the\nState Senate and of the House of Representatives, and when we were\nin the midst of the Civil War, and strong and reliable men were\nneeded in Congress, he was sent to the House of Representatives\nwithout opposition, receiving, what was almost unprecedented in\npolitics, the unanimous vote of his district. He was kept there for\nten years by successive elections, where his ability and sterling\nintegrity soon placed him upon the important Committee of Claims,\nand also of Revolutionary pensions, and where he remained until he\nwas called home to become the Governor of the Commonwealth. This\noffice he held until he was sent to the United States Senate, to\nsucceed Senator Sumner, and here his well-known services in the\nHouse secured him at once an honorable position which was well\nmaintained by his valuable services and noble character.\n\nIndeed, the best tribute to his worth was, that when he retired\nfrom public life he had received, unsolicited, every public honor\nwhich it was in the power of his constituents to bestow.\n\nThe same was also true of his appointment to the management of so\nmany business corporations, educational institutions, trust funds,\nmissionary associations, benevolent and Christian societies. He was\nthe President of the First National Bank of Greenfield, a director\nof the Connecticut River Railroad Company, one of the Corporation\nof Yale College, a trustee of the Mass. Agricultural College, of\nSmith College, of Mr. Moody\u2019s School at Mt. Hermon, a corporate\nmember of the American Board of Foreign Missions, President of\nthis American Missionary Association, a pillar in the Second\nCongregational Church of Greenfield, and the first President and a\nvigorous supporter of the Connecticut Valley Congregational Club.\nThe wonder was, how he could take upon himself so many trusts,\nwhen, with his ideas of duty, they must each receive his careful\nattention and he must hold himself personally responsible for their\nbest management.\n\nFidelity to his trusts was one of his most marked characteristics,\nand in this respect he possessed the spirit of his Lord, \u201cwho was\nfaithful to Him that appointed him,\u201d and as Moses was \u201cfaithful in\nall his house,\u201d so our friend possessed this crowning virtue of a\nnoble and useful life. * *\n\nIt is true that many have excelled him in particular abilities,\nespecially in those that are most striking and brilliant, such as\npoetic sense and successful oratory, which are most frequently\ndenominated genius. But these have often been combined with defects\nof judgment, or temper, or principle, so that their influence has\nbeen sadly marred or used for mischief. As in our civil war it was\nnot every eloquent orator or able editor who was the best adviser\nor steadiest supporter of the policy that preserved the Union; but\nsome of them would have let the nation be divided, or compromised\nthe questions at issue, only to be reopened without hope of right\nsettlement. But here was a man for all times and all places. In the\nhalls of legislation, in the Governor\u2019s chair, before a board of\nselectmen, arranging bounties for volunteers and for the support\nof their families, or among his own workmen, advising them as to\nwhat they might or might not properly do in such a crisis\u2014he is\nthe same wise counsellor and faithful helper everywhere, doing the\nwork assigned to him as well as, if not better than, most poets or\norators.\n\nAnd when war was over, and such work no longer needed, when peace\nwas to be restored and amicable relations cultivated between those\nwho had been deadly foes; when business prosperity was to be\nbrought about again and banks were to be well managed, and trust\nfunds made secure, and the increasing wealth and enterprise of the\ncountry to be turned into benevolent and Christian channels, here\nhe found his fields of delight, and his abilities and character\nshone out in new beauty and strength. Here was Governor Washburn\u2019s\nreal genius\u2014the completeness and best use of all his abilities,\ncombined with principles that directed them all to the noblest ends.\n\nThis seems to be the divine method of training men for their best\nwork. They are placed in stations of responsibility, which they are\nnot properly qualified to fill; but if they are conscientious and\nfaithful, and especially where they put themselves under divine\nguidance and are controlled by religious motives\u2014the most powerful\nof all\u2014they become qualified for almost any station in life, and\nfor the highest and most responsible duties.\n\nIt was in this way that our friend secured his best development.\nThe great secret of it was his piety. He was taught of God. He was\ntrained in the school of Christ. He was devoted to the Saviour\u2019s\ncause. In his own estimation he was not his own, but belonged to\nHim who had redeemed him at such cost. All that he was, and all\nthat he possessed and all that he was capable of becoming, were the\nLord\u2019s. His talents were his trust, to be improved for his Master,\nlike his property. His intelligence, his sound judgment, his\ncapacity for business, were cultivated for Christian use. When they\nbrought him honor and position, he was not elated by them. Position\nwas only another name for opportunity and influence, which brought\nwith them increased responsibilities. Honors only sobered him and\nmade him pray to God that he might prove worthy of them.\n\nIn the spirit also of his Master, who came to \u201cseek and to save\nthat which was lost,\u201d he would bless and benefit all for whom\nChrist died. He was not only desirous of dealing justly with his\nfellow men, but he must do them good as he had opportunity, and\nto all men, Negroes, Indians, Chinese, as well as to his own\ncountrymen. He sought to secure wise legislation for them, and a\nfaithful administration of the Government. He would educate the\nignorant, reform the vicious and remove the disabilities under\nwhich so many labor. He would improve their worldly condition\nand make his business profitable to those in his employ as well\nas to himself. But above all, he would bless men spiritually and\neternally with the blessings which only the gospel of Christ\ncan bestow. This was the secret of his interest in your work\nand in all kindred works, and in everything that could improve\nthe character and condition of men. This is the reason that he\ndevoted time and thought and assistance to so many Christian and\nphilanthropic enterprises which are accomplishing these objects.\nThis is why he gave to this Association so much of his attention\nand best counsel, his generous contributions and fervent prayers,\nand why he left such large bequests to this and kindred societies.\n\nAs an Association we owe too much to our late President and devoted\nfriend not to make mention of his many and invaluable services, and\nalways hold in loving and grateful remembrance the name of William\nBarrett Washburn. Few causes have such helpers, and not often are\nbetter men raised up for their time and work. We shall miss him in\nour deliberations, while we need more than ever, as our fields for\nChristian enterprise are enlarging, his sound judgment, untiring\nenergy and steadfast Christian faith.\n\nWhen such men as Governor Washburn, Alpheus Hardy and President\nHopkins are taken from us, we can only pray that He who has the\nwhole work in charge will inspire others with similar devotion and\nbestow upon us all more of his grace and blessing.\n\nThe circumstances of Governor Washburn\u2019s death were peculiar and\nstartling to those about him, though not wholly unexpected to\nhis family. It was known to them that he had a serious affection\nof the heart, but they were encouraged to hope that by care, and\nthe avoidance of all undue excitement and exertion, he might\nhave comfortable health for some years. The morning meeting of\nthe Board found him a little late from the cars, and climbing\nthe stairs to the hall, he had scarcely seated himself upon the\nplatform and spoken to his friends about him, when he fell forward\nunconscious into their arms; and though a physician was immediately\nat his side, and his wife soon there also, there was no return of\nconsciousness, and almost as quickly as the scene can be described,\nhe had left us, and his spirit had gone home to God. A sudden\ndeparture, and a startling one to those of us who were trying to\ndetain him; but his Lord called him, and he must have said:\n\n    \u201cI hear a voice ye cannot hear,\n      That says I must not stay;\n    I see a hand ye cannot see,\n      That beckons me away.\u201d\n\nAs we saw the light of life fade out from that benignant face, as\nwhen the glory of the day becomes the gloom of the night, we heard\nit coming down out of Heaven: \u201cHe that believeth in me, though he\nwere dead, yet shall he live; and whosoever liveth and believeth in\nme shall never die.\u201d Christ\u2019s saints never perish. They only begin\nto live in the truest and highest sense when they seem to die; and\nwith our Christian faith and immortal hopes, we love to think of\nhim as having entered upon that higher life and commenced a nobler\nservice. It was an unexpected summons, but we cannot think that he\nwas ever unprepared for it. Like that Connecticut Puritan, who,\nwhen the \u201cDark Day\u201d came and it was proposed that the Legislature\nshould adjourn because the end of the world had come, replied that\n\u201cthis might be, but if it was, he chose to be found at his post,\ndoing his duty.\u201d \u201cBlessed is that servant whom his Lord when he\ncometh shall find so doing. And if He shall come in the second\nwatch or in the third watch and find them so, blessed are those\nservants.\u201d\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE MISSIONARY INFLUENCE OF A LIFE, AND THE LIFE OF A MISSIONARY\nINFLUENCE.\n\nBY REV. A. F. BEARD, D.D.\n\nIn the missionary influence of a Life it is my purpose to trace the\nlife of a missionary influence.\n\nThis special life is selected as a significant illustration of\ncertain specific features and forms of the missionary work which we\nare called here to consider.\n\nIt was a remote and inconspicuous consecration to certain radical\nideas of human brotherhood, and to new and not popular methods of\nsaving people who are low down in life by variations from the then\naccepted ideas.\n\nAs a study of sympathy with people in low conditions, of faith\nin the possibilities of those who have been degraded, of the\napplication of Christianity to the prejudices of caste, of fidelity\nin witnessing to profound convictions, of prophetic insight as\nto the trends of God\u2019s providences, of heroic self-denials among\nthe oppressed and ignorant, together with the continuity and\ncumulative power of these far-reaching influences, this may stand\nfor a concrete exhibition of the kind of work which we here are\ntrying to do, and possibly may bring some new hope and courage to\nourselves and some fresh sympathy to our devoted Christian workers\nwho, removed from the world\u2019s observation and sometimes from due\nChristian appreciation, are consecrating their lives to the same\nuses.\n\nIn the time when George III was King of England and our\ngreat-grandfathers were opposing the Stamp Acts, there lived in\na house which still stands in Strasbourg, in Alsatia, a wise\nfather and a mother of remarkable endowments, who trained their\nson to habits of conscientious economy, self-reliance, to the\nsense of responsibility to God and to man, and of the obligations\nwhich possession has towards human necessities, and to habitual\nbenevolence.\n\nLed on through youth to aspire to a learned profession, at the age\nof fifteen years he signed his name, John Frederick Oberlin, as a\nstudent of the University of Strasbourg. Three years later he was\na Bachelor of Arts, and five years later, a Doctor in Philosophy.\nOrdained as a minister of the Gospel in 1760, seven succeeding\nyears were held sacred to the conviction that large usefulness\nmeans large preparedness; so that he was still in his study at the\nage of twenty-seven years, when a missionary who had been trying to\nsave needy souls in the mountains of the Vosges, ministering to the\nspiritual necessities of a people passed by in the movements of a\nworld\u2019s life and remote from civilization, came into Oberlin\u2019s room\nand urged him to take up this service.\n\nHe confessed his own lack of success, and that he had made no\nimpression upon them. He told Oberlin of the people, descendants\nof the Huguenots, who had fled from fiery persecutions in France\nto this wild and sterile mountain country. As the years had gone\non for more than seven generations of men, their teachers had\ndied, their preachers had died, until they, exiled and outcast,\nhad declined into heathenish ignorance. He had found as a distant\nmemory of what once had been, a single school in a mountain hamlet.\nIt was in a miserable hovel in one corner of which lay a helpless\nold man on a rude truckle-bed, surrounded by a crowd of ragged,\nnoisy, wild-looking children. He asked: \u201cAre you the schoolmaster?\u201d\n\u201cYes.\u201d \u201cWhat do you teach the children?\u201d \u201cNothing.\u201d \u201cYou teach them\nnothing, how is that?\u201d \u201cBecause I know nothing.\u201d \u201cWhy then are you\nthe schoolmaster?\u201d \u201cWell, sir, I was taking care of the Waldbach\npigs, but the people thought me too old for that, and so I was\nappointed to take care of the children.\u201d\n\nThe missionary did not conceal the facts of the case, that the\npeople living in these remote and solitary places were not only\nfrightfully ignorant, but were rebellious against improvement. The\nregion had six months of winter, with bitter icy winds sweeping\nover the mountains. There was not a single practicable road in the\nentire district. Deep mud holes were before the cabin doors and the\nhuts in which the people were sheltered. In the short summer season\nthey gathered enough food to sustain an impoverished life through\nthe winter, in which winter they often herded for warmth in the\nstables with their cattle. So far had they sunk into material and\nmoral desolation.\n\nTo such a ministry was invited this young man of large ambitions\nand large reasons for them; to minister to this wretchedness, to\ngo to a people who were without sense of their needs, without\naspirations, without appreciation of the services to be done\nfor them. One prepared for the Professor\u2019s chair in the great\nUniversity where it was pleasant to live, was invited to bury\nhimself among those who would not give him even the reward of\ngratitude.\n\nIt was not a pleasant call. The words of it struck the young man\u2019s\nheart like the blows of a hammer. But seven years before, he had\nwritten in his own hand his consecration to God, that with all\nsincerity of heart and in a fidelity which should not sleep he\nwould walk in the ways of Christ as God should reveal them to him.\n\nAnd now what had this ardent student, with splendid talents and\nhigh education, rich in special studies, who had in mind a great\nsphere of usefulness, to do with this call but to take it to Him to\nwhom he had once for all consecrated himself, \u201cwith all sincerity\nof heart\u201d? In that little room, Oberlin, on bended knee, lifted up\nhis voice and prayed, \u201cSpeak, Lord, for thy servant heareth,\u201d and\nin agony he listened for the still, small voice. He could not wish\nto go, but he could not refuse to hear. And a great battle went on\nin his soul.\n\nThere have been many battles in Strasbourg. The Roman armies fought\nthere; the Germans triumphed there; the tri-colors of France have\nwaved in the glory of victory there, but never a greater conflict,\nperhaps, or a more glorious conquering, than this between faith and\nsight, the issues of which God and the centuries were awaiting\u2014a\ngreat soul meeting the questions of this world and the questions of\neternity. When he arose from his prayer, he said: \u201cI will go.\u201d\n\nConviction was action. Soon among them, his quick eye perceived\nthat preaching to them in their condition would fall far short of\ntheir needs. He must save souls, but he must also save men and\nwomen. And here developed his missionary idea. It was not new, for\nChrist taught it and lived it, but it was new, for Christians had\nforgotten it. Christ was divinity in humanity, and the people must\nrealize the divinity in the humanity. He must save their souls,\nbut their souls are in their bodies. So he would not deal with\nthem as if they were disembodied spirits, but seeing them in all\ntheir ignorance and material poverty, he would teach them how to\nmeet their physical destitutions and their mental destitutions,\nand would go to them as persons who have a life in this world as\nwell as in the world to come. Salvation for this people was not to\nrescue here and there merely a vacant mind, nor out of multitudes\nof shipwrecked souls to save here and there one from the wreck; but\nto him the Kingdom of God was like unto seed which a man put in his\nground and which should grow\u2014he knoweth not how\u2014by all kinds of\nhelp, but which might call for long watching and long waiting.\n\nTherefore he said, \u201cEducation is indispensable to the uplifting\nof such a people,\u201d and schools were planted. Home life must be\nredeemed, and home industries were taught. They need the industrial\narts; hence he began to instruct them in carpentry, in masonry, in\nsmithing and in agriculture. He introduced the planting of trees;\nsocieties of agriculture; instituted arbor days; taught them how to\ndrain their lands, how to irrigate them, how to enrich them, how\nto make roads, and how to construct bridges across their mountain\nstreams.\n\nThere he went to stay, and among them built his own house\nand brought into it a like-minded, large-minded, cultivated,\nearnest-spirited wife, who with him taught the lessons of home\nlife, its divinity, its sacredness and its glory.\n\nRemember, this was more than a century ago, when the world had not\nthe missionary thoughts of to-day. None, so far as I know, had as\nyet such a missionary idea enunciated and systematized.\n\nWhile thus he was laying the foundations for the regeneration of a\ndespised people, a still greater sacrifice presented itself. It was\nto leave this missionary work for another in one of the Southern\ncolonies of far-off America, to live among a people more needy than\nthese despised ones, and more despised; to live among those who by\nlaw were being robbed of the very rights of being, and for whose\ndegradation the forces of law were now operating.\n\nAccepting the mission, he was ready to depart, when suddenly the\nwar for American Independence was declared, and his life was saved.\nHe could not then have lived a year in the South possessing his\nideas, much less to apply and expand them.\n\nHis path blocked by Providence, nothing remained but for him to\ndevelop those ideas where he was, and to lift his voice from those\nout-of-the-way hills against the sin of slavery. He would not\nuse sugar in his coffee, \u201cfor,\u201d said he, \u201cevery granule of it is\ntainted with the blood of the unhappy slave.\u201d No article wrung out\nof involuntary servitude should come into his house. No product\nof slave labor would he touch. He was a prophet, for at this\ndate people in New England had not ceased to buy and sell their\nfellow-creatures, and scores of years after this, ministers of the\ngospel in this country were diligently searching the Scriptures to\ndiscover and establish the divine foundations for human servitude.\n\nMeanwhile the churches increase, the school-houses multiply, the\nindustries prove their value, and the mountain people are led\nalong, and led up from their abject poverty and misery to the\nexperience of comfort and prosperity. Then he worked and waited\nfor three-score years save one, and lived to see a rude and vulgar\nand despised people regenerated and transformed, saved from the\ndominion of vice to good morals and gentle manners, and many of\nthem converted to a personal experience of the grace that is in\nChrist.\n\nYou may easily now examine the results of this life and service\nafter the long years have tested them.\n\nShould you go with me to his house you would cross the _pont de\nla charit\u00e9_ by the way of his well-constructed road. When Oberlin\nproposed to make this road, to blast the rocks along the mountain\nside, the people did not see how it would look as we now do. If he\nhad suggested a step-ladder to the moon they would not have been\nmore amazed. They applied to him all the deprecatory adjectives\nin their possession. It was impossible, and unreasonable, and\nvisionary. Assuredly he had lost his mind. Much learning had made\nhim mad. They positively refused to sustain him. He was altogether\nout of his sphere. This would have been a good time for him to have\ntendered his resignation, but the great soldier did not run away,\nbecause he was needed. They could not starve him out, for he knew\nhow to starve.\n\nBut if the road were made it would be useless, they said, for\n\u201chow could we get across the stream?\u201d He replied: \u201cWe will take\nthe rocks which we blast for the road and build a bridge.\u201d This\nconfirmed them that the pastor\u2019s mind was clean gone forever.\nSuch a departure from the old paths showed not only the danger of\ntheological studies, but also a capacity for speculative views\nthat would halt at nothing. Nevertheless, he led the way in\nthis enterprise, and the people looked on amazed when they saw\nhim picking and shoveling with his own hands. Then one came and\nfollowed him, and another came and followed him; then a score who\nsoon were fifty, and next a hundred, until by the time they had\nreached the bridge they all believed in it and always had! The\nlast man who was converted over to the majority undoubtedly went\nhome and told his wife that the original idea of the improvement\nwas his own; that he had it in mind long before Oberlin came, and\nhe himself would have proposed it to their leader but for the\nconviction that ministers ought simply to preach the gospel and\nleave the labor question alone. Perhaps the trusting soul believed\nhim.\n\nAs you enter the home where he was a father to this people who\nwere as children to him and brethren to each other, you feel his\nprotest against caste, and his teaching that if God is a universal\nfather this destroys caste and makes brotherhood a reality. In his\nstudy in his own plain hand, you may find his missionary idea fully\nexpanded, and from that study you will no longer look out upon the\nwilderness and the solitary place, because they have been made glad\nby him. You will find happy children in good schools and happy\nparents in good Christian homes.\n\nLet me turn now from the influence of the life, to the life of\nthe influence. It is not always easy to trace the pedigree of an\nidea or to track an influence. Sometimes we can in part, for they\nall have their parentage, and their evolution has been so direct\nthat we can tell where and when they were born. Seven years after\nthe sorrowing people had gathered about the missionary\u2019s grave,\ntwo young men in this country\u2014themselves having something of the\nprophetic instinct\u2014in acquainting themselves with the work of\nthis missionary prophet caught his spirit, and set themselves to\nincarnate his ideas and his methods, in consecrating themselves\nto the work of education in order to salvation. The influence\nwhich Oberlin never thought to send so far, had winged itself from\nhis mountain tops across the wide sea to a little village in the\nnew State of Ohio. Then these young men who found themselves in\nsympathy with his ideas of brotherhood, its obligations and its\nneeds, with his feeling towards the slave and to all who might be\nuplifted, took upon themselves this moral and spiritual inheritance\nand began the foundations of a school which should bear the name\nof Oberlin and become the reproductive center of like ideas and\ninfluences. I do not say that there were no other influences, only\nthat there was this one, dominant in spirit as well as in name. The\nyoung college took on this stamp, a missionary character, sympathy\nwith people in low conditions, radical ideas of human brotherhood,\nprofound convictions of duty towards the oppressed and ignorant.\nFrom the atmosphere of this influence, soon from the Professor\u2019s\nchair in this College there came forth a strong man girded for a\ngreat sacrificial work.\n\nA little Missionary Society, the embodiment of the idea which\nOberlin three-score and ten years before had proclaimed upon\nthe mountains, \u201cNo complicity with slavery,\u201d consciously or\nunconsciously, having adopted the same faith and spirit, needed\na leader. From the influences of Oberlin College came Rev. Dr.\nWhipple to sound the bugle blast which went echoing through the\nland: \u201cWe will not use the revenues of unrighteousness to do the\nwork of righteousness.\u201d Was it anything more than a coincidence or\nwas it a providence, that with thirty years of singular sacrifice\nthis strong man in obedience to his mind and heart was working out\nthe same ideas which the great missionary prophet had so clearly\nheld forth?\n\nI am not now attempting to assert heredity of ideas, or to decide\nthe precise degree of historic continuity that there may be in an\ninfluence. I have the easier task of following a distinct stream\nof influence, one among many which flow into the great river of\nlife. With no purpose to measure it I see the providence. Another\nevolution from the same atmosphere of the same institution brings\nto the American Missionary Association kindred ideas, kindred faith\nand kindred spirit, in the second Corresponding Secretary, thus\nconnecting the history, and expanding and deepening the influence.\n\nYesterday\u2019s Annual Survey exhibited, as well as figures may, the\nwork of the Society now after more than two-score years of history.\nIt is interesting as a fact, independent of any weighing of\ninfluences, to note that in church work and in Sunday-school work,\nin educational instruction and industrial training, in teaching\nthose who have not had the chances for life, how to think, how\nto work, how to aspire and how to rise, we find ourselves, as if\nworking by a chart in the expansion of the missionary methods\nof this prophet who gave his life to rescuing the despised,\nteaching them how to live in the world that now is, while they are\ntaught the lessons that shall fit them for the world to come. The\neducation of the schools, the lessons in the establishment of good\nhomes, the industries, the churches, are pressing on in the plain\npaths of providence until this day.\n\nAlready our eyes have seen the coming of the glory of the Lord.\nIts aforetime degraded people are rapidly learning to work out\nthe decrees of God in the blessings of a Christian civilization.\nAmong the dark millions of the South, in the long passed-by cabins\nof impoverished and ignorant mountain people in the heart of our\nland, of our own race, among the long-wronged red men and the\ndespised Mongolians, the evolution of this missionary idea, and\nthe developments of this missionary influence are proving their\nreproductive and fruitful energy in the sacrificial lives of noble\nmissionaries, men and women who are themselves often despised while\nthey are ministering to the ignorant and to those who are lowly.\nThey also are powers for other lives, while they are sustained\nby a like devotion to the things that are eternal. As from this\nunlikeliest mission, a hundred years ago the light of life shone\nout, the influence of fidelity to convictions coursing down the\ncenturies, showing what enlightened consecration can achieve; so\nnow those who are working together with God for the same divine\nideas, though they may be hidden from the world\u2019s praises, may be\nconfident that God will not forget them, nor fail to speed their\nlabors of love in the Lord.\n\nAs we gather here in the interests of a work so near to the heart\nof Christ, like Him we may safely appeal to the confirmations\nof history in the evolutions of providence for courage now, and\nconfidence for the future. How often when our Lord was testifying\nto the reality and power of the kingdom of God on the earth, and\nthe faith which souls might have and hold in working in it and in\nwaiting for it, did He send the minds of people back to the days\nof the prophets and righteous men that they might see how the work\ngoes on when the workers die, and how the influences of their lives\ncontinue and enlarge in other lives, so that assurance might take\nfresh courage to discover itself in the historic current of an\nunmistakable divine purpose and in the evolution of the decrees\nof grace. The constancy and compassion of God in the past are\ncheering us, in that we have only to hold fast the beginning of our\nconfidence, steadfast unto the end. We shall not fail, and we need\nnot be discouraged.\n\nThus putting on strength, as we recall the care of God and power of\nHis truth, may we not from this high place of Christian convocation\nsend out our sympathies to those who have consecrated themselves to\nthis same prophetic work of bringing in the cast-out, of raising\nup the cast-down, and of saving those who are out of the way. Much\nof their work is very kindred in form and feature to this work\nof Oberlin\u2019s. It is remote, in conditions of rudeness, and in\nseparation from kindred society. They are living the truth of human\nbrotherhood. They are holding forth that which is not popular. They\nare standing with and for the despised.\n\nThey may remember that we bear them in our hearts and in our\nprayers; that they have the grateful recognition of the churches\nin their self-denials and heroisms. God has accounted them worthy\nto live lives that may well rebuke the selfishness and sinful\nambitions of those who live for themselves and those who seek only\nhigh places. The greatness of Christian service is theirs. They can\nnever know where their influences may go, nor how far. Nor until\nthe roll-call of Eternity is made will it be revealed what great\nlives they have lived, and what Christian deeds have been wrought\nby these men and women, who from us have gone out and away from\nthe world\u2019s vision in self-abnegation, and often in the world\u2019s\nscorn are like the prophet of the mountains, patiently laying\ndeep and broad the foundations of a new earth wherein shall dwell\nrighteousness.\n\nAnd so long as our churches can produce this sacrificial spirit,\nthe work cannot do other than move forward, and the will of God\nshall be done.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE BROTHERHOOD OF MAN; OR, THE THREE BROTHERS WHO SETTLED AMERICA.\n\nBY SECRETARY STRIEBY.\n\nThis country was settled by Three Brothers. The first that came was\nan Englishman, a Cavalier, who located himself at Jamestown; the\nsecond was also an Englishman, a Puritan, who landed on Plymouth\nRock; the third was an African, and was consigned to the First\nBrother.\n\nThese families multiplied exceedingly and at length came to be\nnumbered by millions. To them was committed a great duty\u2014the\nfounding of an empire, and the taking of three grand steps in\nthe march of human progress, (1) the establishing of civil and\nreligious liberty, (2) the securing of personal freedom for all and\n(3) the exemplifying of the Brotherhood of Man. The last step only\nremains to be taken.\n\nThe parts of this great duty were unfolded in the due order\nof development, and sprang naturally out of the heredity and\nenvironment of the Brothers. The men and their surroundings given,\nthe results were inevitable. It seems singular that just these men\nshould have been selected by Providence, especially the black man,\nbut the result shows that they were wisely chosen. The black was\nin the end found to be an essential factor.\n\nI. Let me sketch these Three Brothers.\n\n1. The First, the Cavalier, had been, in the old country, loyal\nto king and church, a supporter of the House of Stuart and of\nArchbishop Land. He was a representative of the rural population of\nEngland, men who loved broad acres and field sports. In his home in\nthe new world his great ambition was to own a large plantation and\nmultiply the number of his slaves, and thus imitate the baronial\nlife of the mother country. He cared nothing for popular education,\nand thanked God that there was neither a school-house nor a\nprinting-press in his domain.\n\n2. The Second Brother, the Puritan, had become more accustomed\nto city life, and was addicted to trade and commerce as well as\nto farming. His zeal as a reformer in church and State brought\nhim into collision with the House of Stuart, and indeed he was an\nexile in his new home on account of his religious and political\nprinciples. He desired to have \u201ca church without a bishop and a\nState without a king.\u201d He was earnest in promoting education as\nwell as religion, and his identifying mark everywhere was the\nmeeting-house and the school-house.\n\n3. The Third Brother, the African, was not voluntary in coming to\nhis new home nor in the choice of his occupation. He was a slave.\nHe was strong in body, amiable in disposition, but at length became\nthe innocent cause of much ill blood between the other brothers.\n\nII. The duties assigned to these men.\n\n1. The founding of a great empire.\n\nNever was there a more inviting opportunity\u2014a continent almost\nunoccupied, coast lined by two great oceans, with climate varied\nand healthy, and with boundless resources in fertile lands, rivers,\nlakes and mines; and never was an opportunity better improved\u2014in\nless than three hundred years the new empire has nearly double the\npopulation of the mother country.\n\n2. The second duty was to lead in three great steps in human\nprogress. (1), The first step was to secure and maintain civil and\nreligious liberty. This step was inevitable for the two English\nbrothers. They had planted colonies and organized States. They\nhad secured charters guaranteeing the rights of Englishmen. They\nhad thus a training in the arts of government and had learned to\nvalue the blessings of constitutional liberty. In an evil hour the\nBritish Government began to invade these chartered rights. The Two\nBrothers were aroused. The Puritan was by inheritance and principle\na foe of arbitrary power. He, of course, was deeply stirred. The\nCavalier had indeed been a friend of the Stuarts. He could see no\nobjection to arbitrary power when it was practised by himself and\nhis party on others, but he naturally and suddenly came to see it\nin an entirely different light when he and his party were the\nvictims; and for once the two brothers were in accord.\n\nA contest was imminent. The British Government could settle\nit peacefully, if righteously; if not, in blood. It _would\nnot_ restore chartered rights. Then came the Declaration of\nIndependence, the _Revolutionary War_, the new Republic, with the\ntruest definition and guarantee of civil and religions liberty\nthe world had ever seen. The first of the great steps in human\nprogress, to which these men were called, was taken.\n\n(2.) The second step\u2014the securing of personal freedom for all\u2014was\nplainly demanded by the taking of the first. The elements of the\nnew contest were embodied in the Declaration of Independence on\nthe one hand and Negro slavery on the other\u2014a great principle\nand a great fact at war with the principle. The antagonism was\nseen from the outset. Expediency shut men\u2019s eyes to it, but God\nand conscience opened them. How skillful for a time were the\ndevices to escape the dilemma. It was said that the Declaration of\nIndependence was only for white men; that it was a mere glittering\ngenerality; that the North had nothing to do with slavery, and\nfinally that slavery was right, justified both by law and the\nBible. But all in vain. God and conscience would not be silent.\n\nAgain a contest was imminent. The South could settle it peacefully,\nif righteously; if not, in blood. The South _would not_ abolish\nslavery, and hence the _Civil War_ and the overthrow of slavery.\nThe second step was taken.\n\n(3.) The third step is to exemplify the Brotherhood of Man. This in\nlike manner is demanded by the results of the one preceding\u2014by the\ntwo great and opposing facts: Emancipation, and the Negro as he is.\nOn the one hand, every slave was emancipated; in the zeal of the\nhour he was made a citizen, enfranchised and guaranteed \u201cthe equal\nprotection of law.\u201d On the other hand, twenty years have shown that\nthese guarantees are in form and not in fact.\n\nIn other respects, too, his condition is seen to be deplorable,\nfull of discouragement to himself and of danger to the nation.\n\nLet me point out some of the facts in regard to his condition:\n\n(1.) He does not enjoy his guaranteed rights.\n\nI wish to give due credit to the extent and to the localities in\nwhich he does enjoy these rights, but speaking broadly they are\nlargely denied to him. He was deprived of the ballot at one time by\nviolence, and is now by fraud; in all cases where his vote would be\ndecisive in State or National politics, it is not counted\u2014in other\nwords, the race is practically disfranchised. In the courts he\nseldom finds a standing as a lawyer or a juror; in the chain-gang\nonly does he enjoy a monopoly. In the church, the school, the shop,\nhe does not, as a rule, have equal rights; he cannot join any\nchurch he pleases, cannot choose the school to which he will send\nhis children, cannot enter the shop to learn a trade or to work\nas a journeyman. He cannot, everywhere, ride in the street car, on\nthe railroad or steamboat with the white man, though he may buy\nthe same first-class ticket; he cannot, in many places, attend the\ntheatre, concert or lecture with the white man, nor with him eat a\nlunch at the restaurant, nor lodge in the hotel. He is confronted,\nhindered and insulted at every step he takes towards enjoyment\nor improvement\u2014a flaming sword guards the avenues of knowledge,\nindustry and virtue against him. His guarantees of equal rights are\na mockery.\n\n2. He is left in ignorance and vice.\n\nHere again I wish not only to admit but to rejoice in the progress\nmade. More than a million of the colored people, of ten years\nold and upward, can write; but, alas! more than _three millions_\ncannot! It is these that awaken our fears, for they are in\ndanger themselves and are a danger to the nation. Owing to their\nilliteracy they cannot keep the accounts of their earnings in the\nlowest kinds of employment; they cannot enter upon the higher\nand more profitable avocations; and they cannot rise to the\nintellectual dignity of a true manhood. Then, too, they are in\nbondage to their vices. When they escaped from slavery, many of\nthem did not escape from lying, stealing and licentiousness; when\nthey entered freedom many were captured by idleness, improvidence\nand intemperance. These are the victims of designing men who take\nadvantage of their ignorance to defraud them, and of their vices\nto enrich themselves or to gratify their lusts. The danger to the\nnation is from the contagion of vice which spreads beyond race or\nlocality, and from the schemes of political demagogues who can sway\nto their own ends the millions of these ignorant voters, who have\nno property to be taxed and no character to maintain.\n\n3. He is under the ban of caste prejudice.\n\nThis lies at the bottom of the whole difficulty. This refuses to\nsee his good qualities, denies his capacity for improvement, shuts\nto him the doors of knowledge, cheats him at the polls, wrongs him\nin the courts, and consigns him perpetually to the position of\na hewer of wood and a drawer of water, thus enstamping the race\ndistinction broad and permanent, and awakening in his heart either\nutter discouragement or implacable hatred.\n\nIn these three facts\u2014the withholding of the negro\u2019s equal rights,\nhis ignorance and vice, and this caste prejudice\u2014are the elements\nof a race warfare; they foreshadow another \u201cImpending Crisis\u201d\u2014the\nnext \u201cIrrepressible Conflict.\u201d This becomes the more obvious,\nbecause the negro, having been recognized as a _man_ before the\nlaw, there is no alternative but to withdraw the recognition or\nto make it real. There is no middle ground\u2014he must be a slave or\na freeman; the equal of his white peers. The \u201cImpending Crisis\u201d\nis the more imminent from the growth of the blacks in number. In\nspite of all denials, the time is hastening on when the blacks\nin the Southern States will outnumber the whites; and when they\nfeel their strength in brawn and muscle\u2014and when especially there\narise among them men of education and talent, with ambition aroused\nand with passion stimulated by a sense of injustice\u2014then will the\n\u201cIrrepressible Conflict\u201d become as certain as, and, we fear, more\nimplacable than, the last great struggle.\n\nBut there is a higher stand-point from which to view this great\nquestion\u2014the providential. When the negro ceased to be a slave\nhe became invested with a new significance. Then for the first\ntime began to be seen the meaning of his presence in America\u2014the\nreason why the black man from Africa\u2014the most degraded part of\nthe world\u2014was selected by Divine Providence as one of the Three\nBrothers to settle this continent. He was the one by whom God could\ntest the nation and call upon it to exemplify before the world the\n_Brotherhood of Man_. The full test could only be made when the\nhighest should recognize the lowest.\n\nThe nation cannot shirk this test. Justice to the negro demands it;\nGod, who made of one blood all nations, demands it; Christ, who\ndied for all men, demands it; he cares for the poor and repudiates\ncaste; he was born in poverty and toiled for his living; his\nmission was announced and attested by miracles of help for the\nneedy and the preaching of the gospel to the poor; he touched the\nleper when he healed him; he ate with publicans and sinners; in his\nchurch there is neither bond nor free, but all are one in him; and\nin the final judgment his award will depend upon how he himself\nwas treated in the person of one of the least of his brethren.\nHis voice must be heard. To all that call him Lord, and mean to\nobey his word and follow his example, this whole question must\nbe lifted out of the realm of prejudice into the higher plane of\nChristian duty, and when placed there, who can doubt the issue? The\nBrotherhood of Man must be recognized and exemplified.\n\nBut the question remains, How shall this next great step in human\nprogress be taken? The question will be settled and the step will\nbe taken in righteousness, for no question is ever settled till it\nis settled right. As we have seen before, the issue between the\nAmerican Colonies and the British Government, and that between the\nNorth and the South in regard to slavery, might both have been\nsettled peacefully, if righteously; and so the question now before\nthe nation may be settled peacefully, if righteously, by giving\nthe negro his guaranteed rights, lifting him out of his ignorance\nand vice, and especially by taking him from under the ban of caste\nprejudice. But it is to be feared that these concessions will not\nbe made, and then the question will be settled by a bloody war of\nraces, involving the North as well as the South.\n\nBut this conclusion is too startling to contemplate without\ninstinctively turning to the possibility of a peaceful solution of\nthe problem. Let me suggest:\n\n1. The Northern Brother has a great responsibility in this matter.\nHe, too, enslaved the Black Brother for a time, and gave his\nconsent to the virtual recognition of slavery in the Constitution;\nand when at length he saw his error and demanded the emancipation\nof the slave, the South resisted him to the utmost in the terrible\nwar; and when the slave was freed and the North insisted on\nmaking him a citizen and on giving him the ballot, the Southern\nBrother, though he could no longer resist, yet entered his most\nearnest protest. He said: \u201cI know these negroes; they are not\nfit for the ballot and will ruin the country if they have it.\u201d\nBut the Northern Brother had the power, and like General Jackson\nhe \u201ctook the responsibility.\u201d He cannot now shrink from that\nresponsibility. He cannot, with any better success than Pilate,\nwash his hands and thus be made guiltless. He brought his innocent\nBrother into his present trouble and it will be both cowardly and\ncriminal to leave him to his fate. No! if this great problem is\never solved peacefully and righteously, the North must awake fully\nto its special duty, and perform it at whatever cost of money and\nself-sacrifice.\n\n2. The Southern Brother has a still deeper interest in this matter.\nIn the first place he owes something to the Black Brother, who\nalways helped and never hindered him, who tilled his land and made\nhis wealth, who, during the war, cared for the plantation and\nprotected the family\u2014though he knew that the master fought to rivet\nhis fetters all the tighter. Then again, the Southern Brother has\nand must have the Black Brother with him, near him, his immediate\nneighbor, and whatever discomforts or dangers may arise, he must be\nthe first, and for a time, the only one to suffer. He cannot remand\nthe negro back to slavery, nor even to serfdom\u2014the nineteenth\ncentury cannot tolerate the one more than the other\u2014even in Russia,\nmuch less in America. Nor can the present anomalous position of the\nnegro long be maintained. It is full of vexations and of dangers;\nthe negro will soon be strong enough to resist it, and the North,\nas in the contest about slavery, must take sides with the Black man.\n\nWhy should the South fight against the inevitable? In a recent\nnumber of the _Century_, a Confederate officer, Col. Alexander,\nin giving a racy sketch of Pickett\u2019s famous charge at Gettysburg,\nincidentally refers, in a humorous way, to one of their chaplains\nwho was accustomed to pray that \u201cProvidence would consent at last\nto come down and take a _proper_ view of the situation.\u201d The\nColonel, at one auspicious juncture in the preliminary fight, was\ninclined to believe that the prayer of the good chaplain was about\nto be answered. But when all was over and the battle was lost, he\ndryly admits that \u201cProvidence had evidently not yet taken a proper\nview of the situation.\u201d The same admission was equally pertinent\nat Appomattox\u2014and has been ever since\u2014indeed, is it not time for\nthe South to see that the trouble is not with Providence but with\nitself\u2014that _it_ should \u201cconsent at last to take a proper view of\nthe situation\u201d? Providence did not take its view during the war to\nsustain slavery, and will not in the struggle to maintain caste,\nwhich is now the great issue, as slavery then was. That issue the\nSouth is pushing to the front with new energy. For example, the\ngreat churches, Methodist and Presbyterian, that had been rent\nasunder by the anti-slavery agitation before the war, had seemed\nfor a time since to be happily coming together once more, but\nrecently that fair prospect has become darkened, and mainly by the\nstrong exactions in regard to caste-separation demanded by the\nSouth. Then as to schools, the South has always been understood\nto be opposed to the co-education of the races, but the recent\ndemonstrations in one of the States are almost amusingly violent.\nWe stolid Northern people are tempted to smile at the fear that the\nwhite young gentlemen and ladies of the South are so eager to marry\nnegroes that they dare not be trusted in the same school together,\nand that such stringent measures as fines, imprisonment and the\nchain-gang are deemed necessary to prevent it! But we are glad to\nfind that these severe measures were planned by over-zealous young\npoliticians, and that \u201cthe sober second thought of the people\u201d has\nsubstituted less barbarous methods, and that other Southern States\ndo not follow the bad example.\n\nBut more seriously, the South has never enforced laws against the\ncriminal mingling of the races that has almost bleached the negroes\nwhite. Is lawful marriage more criminal than concubinage? But who\nwants the intermarriage of the races to take place? Not the North,\ncertainly. The Southern whites ought to be able to resist the\ntemptation. Every step in the advancement of the blacks contradicts\nthe charge that they desire it. No! the charge is fictitious, and\nis only paraded to give force to the plea for caste-distinction and\nexclusion, which is now the main hindrance to the incoming of the\nBrotherhood of Man.\n\nBut the Southerner pleads strongly against recognizing the\n_political_ equality of the races. He says, The negro is not my\nequal in intelligence, property or character. Why should he cast a\nballot he cannot read, elect men to make laws which they themselves\ncannot read, to impose taxes of which he pays almost nothing,\nand to squander the money for the benefit of demagogues? A most\nestimable Christian gentleman from South Carolina said to me not\nlong since: \u201cOn one point the people of our State are agreed. We\nwill not again be ruled by the negroes. We have tried it and we\nwill not permit it to be repeated.\u201d To all this the ready answer\nis: It was one thing for ignorant, degraded and unscrupulous\nnegroes at that time to rule\u2014nay, I may say, ruin\u2014the State, and\nanother and very different thing, to permit negroes that are\neducated, possessed of property and of established character to\ntake their proper share in the administration of the affairs of\nthe State; and this brings me to my final point.\n\n3. It is the duty of the hour and of all concerned to unite in\naiding the negro to acquire knowledge, property and character. In\nthe Revolutionary struggle, the two White Brothers stood shoulder\nto shoulder for one object; in the last sad conflict they fought\nagainst each other to the bitter end. It is time that the enmity\nof the last struggle should be laid aside and the amity of the\nfirst should be imitated. Let the two White Brothers unite in\ndirecting the general government to make ample provisions on terms\nsatisfactory to both to promote popular education in the South; let\nthe State governments in the South vote means to second the effort.\nLet the North, as individuals and churches, multiply greatly its\ngenerous offerings and increase the number of its consecrated men\nand women to carry forward the work, and let the South respond in\nits measure in personal contributions and labors, and especially\nlet its people welcome these Northern teachers, not with suspicion\nand ostracism, but with co-operation and the respect due to their\nChristian characters. Let the large religious denominations bury\ndead issues and unite in lifting up the negro. On what nobler or\nmore Christian platform could they stand? Let them come to him\nnot as the priest and the Levite, but as the Samaritan; and let\nthe Black Brother show more alacrity than ever in responding to\nthese efforts in his behalf. When all this is done, there will be\nrealized the great mission of these Three Brothers in America\u2014the\nfounding of a great empire, the establishing of civil and religious\nliberty, the granting of personal freedom to all, and last and\ngreatest of all, the crowning glory of illustrating the Brotherhood\nof Man!\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNEED OF INTELLIGENCE IN BENEVOLENCE.\n\nBY SECRETARY POWELL.\n\n_What should be done to increase the number of those who\nintelligently contribute to the support of the American Missionary\nAssociation?_\n\nAmong the reasons for raising this question are the following:\n\n1. A large number of the churches give us no contribution. Last\nyear only 1,698, out of 4,277 total, contributed to our treasury.\nThe State Associations every year, and the National Council every\nthree years, recommend the Association to the churches for their\nsupport. Sixty-one per cent. of those churches reply: \u201cWe do\nnot accept your advice.\u201d A high estimate they must put upon the\nreasons which governed their representatives! Yet resolutions of\ncommendation are necessary. The cause that cannot obtain them\nis doomed. But, though necessary, they are not enough. \u201cGood\nwords butter no parsnips.\u201d Those who say not and do are more to\nbe commended than those who say and do not. The resolutions of\nNational Councils and State Associations need to be translated into\nthe benevolent activities of all the churches. Otherwise they are\ndead letters.\n\n2. Only a small proportion of those who contribute through the\nchurches do so intelligently. Some give from impulse. When the\nimpulse dies, the contribution dies with it. Some give only when\nroused by a special appeal. If no appeal is made they give nothing.\nSome give merely because the contribution box is passed\u2014they are\nashamed not to go through the motions of putting something in,\nand they would be even more ashamed to have the congregation\nknow just what they put in. Look at the contents of the average\ncontribution box as it returns from its excursion among the pews.\nNotice the exceedingly large number of pennies and nickels and\nquarters (given probably by as many individuals) in comparison with\nthe gifts of larger denomination! It is often the case, even in\nlarge congregations, that one, two, three or four contributors\u2014and\nthey not always the most able to give\u2014contribute more than all\nthe rest put together. It is not forgotten that many of the small\ngifts are the widows\u2019 mites\u2014the offerings of the poor, that, in\nthe arithmetic of heaven, count more than they all. Nevertheless,\nit remains true a very large proportion of those who put money\ninto the contribution box as it is passed do not know anything\nabout what they are giving for, care still less, and who, if not\nin church when the contribution is taken, give nothing. Woe to the\ncause whose annual contribution comes on a rainy Sunday.\n\n3. The total contributions from the churches and individuals\nrepresent a sadly low average for the total church membership. The\nreceipts last year from churches and individuals, exclusive of\nlegacies, were $189,483.39. Divided among the church membership of\nthe country it represents an average contribution of only 44 cents\nper member; and if the contributions of those who give annually\nall the way from $1.00 up to $1,000 were subtracted, the average\nwould fall from 50 to 75 per cent. below this. Surely the spirit\nof Christian benevolence abroad in the churches is not what it\nought to be. Did Christians give as they pray, their benevolence\nwould reach a higher mark. They are apt to be more honest in the\nexpression of their views of duty at the throne of grace than they\nare through the expression of their conduct.\n\nThe pride of consistency, as we remember the confessed doctrines of\nthe churches, should make us all intensely dissatisfied with this\nrecord of unfaithfulness on the part of so many church members.\n\n4. The increase in contributions does not keep pace with the growth\nof the churches in membership and wealth. The total wealth of\nthe United States, as officially reported for the year 1870, was\n$30,068,518,507. In 1880 it was $43,642,000,000. Since 1880 the\ngain has been in all probability even in larger ratio; and in this\ngain the Congregational churches have had undoubtedly their full\nshare. Ten years ago the membership of the churches was 365,595.\nLast year it was 436,379. Ten years ago the church contributions\nand individual donations to our treasury, exclusive of legacies,\nwere $186,166.62. Last year, from the same sources, they were\n$189,483.39. That is to say: During the past ten years the churches\nhave increased in wealth 31 per cent., and over; in membership, 19\nper cent., and over; but in their contributions they have increased\nonly a little less than 2 per cent. Had the gain kept pace with\nthe increase in church membership, our receipts last year would\nhave been $32,055.67 more than they were. Had they kept pace with\nthe presumable increase of wealth they would have been $54,394.69\nmore than they were. \u201cFreely ye have received, freely give,\u201d was\nthe emphatic command of our Lord to his disciples as he sent them\nout on errands of mercy among the sick and suffering and sorrowing\npoor. \u201cUpon the first day of the week let every one of you lay\nby him in store as God hath prospered him,\u201d was the explicit\ninjunction of Paul to the churches concerning their collections\nfor the poor. And here are our churches organized on purpose to\ncarry out the teachings of Christ and his apostles; increasing in\nnumbers and increasing in wealth year by year; yet relatively to\nthat increase falling behind in their contributions to a society\nwhose chief and crowning distinction is that it labors among the\npoor and the despised and the neglected. Will a man rob God? was a\nquestion asked in ancient times. Modern times have not outgrown the\npertinency of its asking.\n\n5. The Association should be relieved from a perpetual struggle to\nget out of debt. From a business standpoint the struggle is not\nhealthy. From a religious standpoint it is not right. Thank God\nwe come to this annual meeting free from debt. It is four years\nsince we enjoyed that privilege before. We would like, if it please\nthe churches, to indulge in the luxury of singing the doxology\nat shorter intervals. Well, then, _don\u2019t get into debt_. Easily\nsaid. Had we a fixed and certain income; had we the authority to\nlevy upon the churches a specified tax and the power to collect\nit; had we the ability to foresee just how much was coming from\nlegacies, we could then show a clean balance every year. But in all\nthese respects we are in a field of limitless uncertainties. The\ngifts to our treasury are purely voluntary. No certain dependence\ncan be placed on legacies. One year it may be deluge; the next it\nmay be drought. What are we to do? What can we do? We can only\ncalculate probabilities and trust our friends. What? Can you not\ntrust God? Yes\u2014blessed trust\u2014we _can_ trust Him. But trust must\nbe intelligent. God\u2019s ordination is that missionary work shall be\ncarried on by his children, and that they shall pay the bills. We\nhave no right to expect that He will work miracles in one direction\nto defeat what He has ordained in another. Presumption is not\npiety. Fanaticism is not faith. We have a vast work committed to\nour care. We have a great number of missionaries to support. We\nhave large money investments in church and school property to\nguard. We must plan to conserve all these interests. A sentimental\ntrust in God will not pay taxes and missionaries\u2019 salaries,\nnor save religion from being dishonored by broken pledges. The\nchurches, whose servant the Association is, should save its\nofficers from the worry and anxiety of constant fear lest through\nlack of funds the work shall be endangered and the interests of\nChrist\u2019s kingdom made to suffer.\n\nThe above are some of the reasons for raising the question, What\nshould be done to increase the number of those who intelligently\ncontribute to the support of the American Missionary Association?\n\nNow for the answer.\n\n1. Our theological seminaries should provide for a course of\nlectures in which the history and claims of the American Missionary\nAssociation, together with those of the other six missionary\nsocieties, should be presented and discussed. Systematic theology,\nchurch polity, homiletics and ecclesiastical history would lose\nnothing, but on the contrary they would gain much in interest and\npower by the inspiration of such lectures. To train the churches in\nsupport of these societies is a part of ministerial life, and they\nneed to be trained. The initial letters by which these societies\nare recognized by the few who are acquainted with them would be as\nmysterious and puzzling to the great majority of our congregations\nas the hieroglyphics of an Egyptian tomb!\n\nNow this is all wrong. These societies are the organized assertions\nof great truths. They are the expressions of great principles.\nThey represent the heart of the gospel reaching out through the\nchurches for the world\u2019s salvation! The people should be instructed\nin reference to their duty toward them, and not left in ignorance\nas to their names and meaning. If our theological seminaries have\nbeen established to train men for the work of the gospel ministry,\nthey should train them for its work _all round_ and not merely for\nits work on a few sides. James was an Apostle as well as Paul. You\nwould scarcely dream it from the teaching of some theologies. The\npreaching that trains the people to clear intellectual conceptions\nof truth is good; but the preaching that in addition to this trains\nthem to go out and put their belief into practice is better, and\nthat because it is more Christian. The roundness and fullness of\ntruth demand it. Theory\u2014practice. Sympathy\u2014benevolence. Let them\nnot be divorced either in the teaching of our seminaries or in the\npreaching of our pulpits.\n\n2. There should be an annual presentation of the Association\u2019s\nclaims in every church. This may seem like a wild proposition in\nview of the large number of non-contributing churches. But duty\nshould be affirmed even if no one performs it. For some reason or\nother a large number of our ministers do not bring the claims of\nthe American Missionary Association before their congregations.\nIt cannot be that they are ignorant of the Society and its work.\nThey have the Year Book. They must know of the resolutions of the\nNational Council and the State Associations. They are presumably\nreaders of the denominational papers, and I know they all have\ntheir pure minds stirred up periodically by way of remembrance by\ncirculars and other agencies. Are their churches small and poor?\nThere is no church so small and so poor, if it have any right to\nbe in existence, but that it can do a little and in doing that\nlittle receive in return for itself and minister, both spiritual\nand temporal blessing. If there is a church so small and so poor\nthat it cannot do this then it had better make haste to glorify\nGod by its death than continue to dishonor him by its life. Are\nthere so many objects asking help that they cannot respond? There\nare only seven societies in our denominational family claiming\ntheir support. Can it be that any minister of the gospel feels\nthat seven contributions for benevolent objects during the twelve\nmonths of the year are too many for his church to make?\u2014are more\nthan his church ought to make? And if he allow outside objects to\ncome in, however worthy they may be, and thereby crowd out any of\nthe National Societies, is that quite just to those societies?\nGenerosity is indeed a virtue, but exercised at the expense of\nthose who have a prior claim, it can hardly be called a Christian\nvirtue. An Apostle has written it: \u201cIf any provide not for his own\nand specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith\nand is worse than an infidel.\u201d The American Missionary Association\nis an adopted child of the Congregational churches of the United\nStates. It is a lawful member of our denominational household. It\nis there by virtue of every law which governs in the fellowship of\nthe churches. It is not a beggar asking alms\u2014it is not a stranger\ncrowding for hospitality\u2014it is a child having all the rights and\nprivileges of a child in its own home, and if beggars and strangers\nare allowed to enter and rob it of that which is its legitimate\nportion it has a right to be heard in earnest protest against the\nwrong it suffers. As the accredited agent of the churches for the\nprosecution of missionary work in the field it occupies it has\nrightful claim to their unanimous support.\n\n3. A committee should be appointed in each local conference to\nsee to it that during the year every church in the conference has\nthe cause presented and a contribution taken. A committee thus\nappointed can write to each church, reminding it of its duty to\nmake an annual offering to the American Missionary Association\nas one of our national societies. Where there are pastors who do\nnot care to present the cause themselves every year, and where\nthere are churches that have no pastors, certain brethren can be\nrequested to prepare a presentation, and by a system of exchanges\nsecure its delivery in all the churches, so that not one of them\nshall be allowed to go a single year uninstructed in regard to\nthis duty. All that is needed is for some one man to take hold\nof this matter with earnestness and place it clearly before the\nlocal conference, and it will be done. Has this language the sound\nof authority about it\u2014a flavor of presbyterial or prelatic law?\nIt is only a sound and a flavor; nothing more. There is nothing\nlegislative about it. It is simply the churches themselves through\ntheir own chosen representatives in conference devising the most\neffective method for carrying out a work in which, by the very\ngenius of their church polity, they are all equally interested.\nThe only law that there is about it is the foundation principle on\nwhich they were organized and recognized as churches, and on which\nthey have established their local conference.\n\n4. There should be an assigned place in every missionary concert\nfor a paper or a report on some branch of the Association\u2019s\nwork, prepared by some one previously designated to do it. It is\nto be deplored that some churches take little interest in the\nmissionary concert. It is a mistake, in its effects injurious to\nthe church as well as to the cause of missions. The missionary\nconcert by a little care and painstaking can be made one of the\nmost interesting and profitable meetings that the church holds.\nIts influence as an educational power transcends measurement. The\ngeography, government, history, social life and customs of the\ncountry where missions are located, are more or less brought out\nin the consideration of what the missionaries are doing. If our\neyes are only sharp enough to read it the story of missions is rich\nin everything that interests the human mind. Romance, tragedy,\nheroism, sacrifice, pathos, wit and humor, are all intermingled in\nthat wonderful story. If our ears are only sensitive enough to hear\nthem there come appeals from missionary experiences that stir to\ntheir profoundest depths everything that is noble and good within\nus. The American Missionary Association is peculiarly affluent in\ntopic and incident for use in the missionary concert. A summary\nof the contents of the current number of the _Missionary_ will\nalways be in order as a report; while for papers and addresses and\ndiscussions, there is no assignable limit to the topics furnished\nby the history and development of the Association and its work.\nIts lines reach out in their relations to all the ends of the\nearth. In its anti-slavery agitations it joined hands with the\ngreat emancipation advocates of Europe. By its labors in behalf\nof the Chinese on the Pacific slope it has become a factor in\nthe great movement of Christian missions for the evangelization\nof Asia. Through its special championship and heroic efforts in\nbehalf of the negro its records have already become a part of that\nwhich shall be written when the history of redeemed Africa is\ncompleted; and in what it has done for the North American Indian\nand is doing; in what it has done for human rights and liberty,\nand in defense of a pure Christianity, and is doing, it has become\nan integral part of those mighty forces that will one day redeem\nAmerica from the dominance of false principles and bring in the\nreign of justice, equity and truth throughout the length and\nbreadth of the land. Within the vast circle surrounding all these\nracial questions that this Association touches in its work of the\npast and in its outlook for the future there lie subjects and\ntopics for thought and discussion absolutely inexhaustible! There\nis no need of any missionary concert\u2019s being dull or uninteresting,\nand certainly there is no need of its being unprofitable while such\na missionary society as this is in the field. It should have a\nplace and a hearing in every missionary concert.\n\n5. The circulation of the _American Missionary_ should be greatly\nincreased and the people urged to read it. Among the 436,379\nmembers of the Congregational churches in the country there are\nsent every month 19,463 magazines; that is on an average _one_\nmagazine to twenty-two readers. If this one magazine were passed\nround so that all had a chance to read it there are enough of them\nto answer the purpose. One subscriber wrote us that she made her\n_American Missionary_ to be so much of an Episcopalian, that it\n\u201c_kept lent_\u201d all the year round. But the evidence is not very\noverwhelming that this _is_ done to any great extent. The evidence\nis, however, quite convincing that the magazines are not all read\nby their subscribers, and that the waste basket is not altogether\nunacquainted with their presence. After Dr. Ellinwood, Secretary\nof the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, had once made an\nearnest appeal for money in the Presbytery, the Moderator, a\ndistinguished Doctor of Divinity, asked him if he would not confer\na favor on the brethren by printing the facts that he had just\nstated in the _Missionary_ magazine next month, adding that he\nhad been trying for a long time to obtain those figures. \u201cWhy,\u201d\nresponded Dr. Ellinwood \u201cThat magazine, for the last two months,\nhas contained just what I have been telling you to-day.\u201d Missionary\nliterature is despised. If this despite were shown on the merits\nof the case there would be nothing to say, but that is not so. It\nis despised without examination and in perfect ignorance of its\ncontents. Like the Saviour, of the progress of whose kingdom it\ntells the story, it is despised and rejected of men. Not on its\nmerits. There are those who read it, and who read it regularly,\nready to testify to the exceeding value and interest of its matter.\nOne of the great literary monthlies recently contained an article\nin which were assertions bearing upon a question of literature\nwhich two months before were utterly destroyed by statements of\nfacts that appeared in the _American Missionary_. When historians\nundertake to write the history of countries into which missionaries\nhave gone, they are sure to consult the missionary literature;\nand they do not often find it necessary to question either the\naccuracy or the value of the information they there obtain. This\nprejudice against missionary literature, which in the main is both\nunfounded and unjust, ought to be abandoned. Its worth and value\nought to be recognized. Its wide dissemination and reading ought to\nbe advocated; and that, too, on its merits. If there are reasons\nwhy the _American Missionary_ should be read by one of our church\nmembers, the same reasons hold good why it should be read by all\nof them; if there are reasons why it should go into one of our\nfamilies, for the same reasons it should go into them all. There\nis a wide field here for cultivation. Only one magazine for every\ntwenty-two readers; only one magazine for every four families\namong our constituents, and all of these not read by those who\ntake them! No wonder there is ignorance among the churches about\nour work, and there being ignorance no wonder that there is a lack\nof interest and meagreness of contributions! But I hear some one\nsay: \u201cOur church members will not take the _American Missionary_.\nThey would not read it were you to give it to them.\u201d Well then,\nthey are not interested in our work, that is all. They don\u2019t care\nwhether the gospel is preached to the poor or not; they don\u2019t care\nwhether illiteracy is allowed to run rampant all over the country\nand destroy our free institutions or not; they don\u2019t care whether\njustice shall be done to those who have been most cruelly defrauded\nor not; they don\u2019t care whether the honor of the nation by meeting\nthe involved obligations of slavery\u2019s abolition shall be preserved\nor not; they don\u2019t care whether the issues of the war for the\nmaintenance of the Union, secured by sufferings and sacrifices\ntranscending the power of the human mind to portray, shall be made\nsecure or not. They don\u2019t care? Then somebody is to blame. They\ndo care? Then why are they not willing\u2014even eager to read about\nthe work that has all these sacred objects in view, and is helping\nto solve the stupendous problems they contain? They do care. Yes,\nI believe it. Their lack of interest in the American Missionary\nAssociation and their unwillingness to read its monthly magazine is\nbecause of their ignorance of its work, and therefore it is that\nthere is here a wide field, hopeful and promising, for cultivation\nby all those who wish to aid in the advancement of the cause.\n\nThe reasons assigned for raising the question to which the above\nanswers have been given are most grave and weighty. They are\nsignificant indications of peril that threatens the cause committed\nto our care. Shall we heed the lessons which the signals flash?\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDo not forget that this month of December is an excellent time\nto increase the number of those who subscribe for THE AMERICAN\nMISSIONARY. A word fitly spoken by our friends will secure the\ndesired result.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\nBUREAU OF WOMAN\u2019S WORK.\n\nMISS D. E. EMERSON, SECRETARY.\n\n\nWOMAN\u2019S STATE ORGANIZATIONS.\n\nCO-OPERATING WITH THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.\n\n  ME.\u2014Woman\u2019s Aid to A. M. A., Chairman of Committee, Mrs. C. A.\n    Woodbury, Woodfords, Me.\n\n  VT.\u2014Woman\u2019s Aid to A. M. A., Chairman of Committee, Mrs. Henry\n    Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury, Vt.\n\n  CONN.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. S. M.\n    Hotchkiss, 171 Capitol Ave., Hartford, Conn.\n\n  N.Y.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. C. C. Creegan,\n    Syracuse, N.Y.\n\n  OHIO.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. Flora K. Regal,\n    Oberlin, Ohio.\n\n  ILL.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. C. H. Taintor,\n    151 Washington St., Chicago, Ill.\n\n  MICH.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. Mary B. Warren,\n    Lansing, Mich.\n\n  WIS.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. C. Matter,\n    Brodhead, Wis.\n\n  MINN.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Society, Secretary, Mrs. H. L. Chase,\n    2,750 Second Ave., South, Minneapolis, Minn.\n\n  IOWA.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Miss Ella E. Marsh,\n    Grinnell, Iowa.\n\n  KANSAS.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Society, Secretary, Mrs. Addison\n    Blanchard, Topeka, Kan.\n\n  SOUTH DAKOTA.\u2014Woman\u2019s Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. W. H.\n    Thrall, Amour, Dak.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORT OF SECRETARY.\n\nIn inviting the women of the North, and particularly those of the\nCongregational churches to help establish and sustain its missions,\nthe American Missionary Association has felt that woman\u2019s work in\nthe churches at home is as important as woman\u2019s work in the mission\nfield, in order to secure the greatest efficiency, the best results\nof the labor expended.\n\nNor have we been disappointed. As the hearts of those at home have\nopened pityingly toward the needs of women suffering from the\neffects of oppression, abuse and paganism, right here in our own\ncountry, and the hearts of our missionaries have been burdened with\nthe same woes, the helping hand has been mutually extended; and it\nhas been the mission of the Bureau of Woman\u2019s Work to join these\nhands in strong and loving ministry.\n\nOur woman\u2019s work in the field can be only briefly referred to here.\nIt is embodied in the full report which the Association gives of\nall its missions. Of the sixteen Normal and graded schools reported\nby the Association, seven are in the charge of lady teachers alone.\nOne of these is a boarding school especially for girls, and is\nsimilar in plan to the Mt. Holyoke and Auburndale schools. But\nin all our boarding schools like methods are introduced, indeed\nthe best that can be culled from Northern experience is put into\npractice.\n\nSome slight changes in our plan of work should be noted, as\nindicating the new demands upon us in woman\u2019s work. We no longer\nselect our special missionaries mainly for house-to-house visiting\nand Bible reading, but combine this with more effective organized\nwork. To concentrate effort upon the training of the young for\nusefulness, is conceded by all our workers as most essential. This\nis well accomplished in our boarding schools, but where we have\nonly day schools or churches we have felt the need of reaching\nthe home life more effectually than could be done by a missionary\nvisitor. We therefore bring the young people to our special\nmissionary for practical instruction, connecting this with the\nChristian training.\n\nSewing-schools are established in which girls are taught not\nmerely how to sew well, but how to cut and make garments for\nthemselves and fathers and brothers. Kitchen-garden has been quite\ngenerally introduced for teaching all kinds of laundry, kitchen and\ndining-room work, care of bed-rooms and bedding, polite attention\nto guests, with all amenities of home life. Thus a transformation\nhas been made in many homes through the new life opened up to the\nchildren.\n\nWhite Shield and White Cross Societies are sustained in the\ninterests of purity. Missionary societies are formed and the young\npeople are taught how to manage them. Through these societies the\nsympathy and interest of colored and Indian women have been so\nmoved as to lead to self-denial that would put us to shame, so\neager are they to give to others the light they have received.\nTemperance work has a prominent place in all our missions. As\nillustrative of the influence exerted in this direction we note one\ninstance. The principal of our colored school in Jonesboro, Tenn.,\norganized her temperance society ten years ago, and for years\nit was the only one in the place. Thus the colored people were\norganized and ready for action long before the white ladies. Our\nNorthern missionary bought materials for colors, sat up nights and\nlettered the banners, and at the late election in Tennessee took\nher school to the polls, nearly every child carrying a suggestive\nmotto, such as \u201cProtect Our Homes,\u201d \u201cLead us not into Temptation.\u201d\nThrough her persistence and energy the white ladies of the Woman\u2019s\nChristian Temperance Union joined in the movement. It is true, the\namendment was lost in the State, but in Jonesboro every colored\nman except two voted for prohibition. Noble efforts may sometimes\nfail\u2014noble lives, never.\n\nBut even could our woman\u2019s work in the field be written in minute\ndetail it would give but an imperfect review of what is undertaken.\nYou hear of overflowing schools, of many forms of Christian\nwork, of the numbers added to our churches from ranks in day and\nSunday-schools, but the wrestling prayers of earnest women, the\nwatchful admonitions, the unremitting toil which has entered into\nwhat we call success, who shall record? Over two hundred such\nmissionaries the American Missionary Association has upon its\nrolls, and it is for these, and that we may add to the number, that\nwe ask your united support.\n\nWe have much to encourage us in the results of the past year.\nThere has been an earnest reaching out by ladies\u2019 societies,\nSunday-schools and mission bands, for some special work which would\ntell for good in direct influence toward the enlightenment of those\nin darkness and need, and contributions have been so applied as\nto be at once helpful to our treasury and yet assigned to some\nspecific object interesting to contributors. Christian Endeavor\nSocieties have begun to come forward with their help. These\nsocieties, which include lads and misses, find a most useful and\nattractive work in our Indian Missions. It has been quite a problem\nhow to win and hold the interest of boys in missions, but we have\nfound the magic word\u2014Indian\u2014and that if our boys\u2019 thoughts are\ngiven proper direction in the study of Indian history and missions,\nthey will not fail to be on the right side in their convictions\nand eager to help educate an Indian youth, the longer and more\nunpronounceable his name the more eager.\n\nSewing societies have been encouraged to contribute their service\nin a way that is valuable to us. Our item of house furnishing alone\nis a large one, for in connection with our eighty-nine schools are\nabout thirty mission homes and boarding halls to be kept supplied\nwith bedding, table linen, etc., for families of from fifteen\nto two hundred and fifty. These needs are indicated in a sewing\nleaflet which is sent to those who will assist us to set an example\nof good housekeeping where we plant our missions.\n\nThe most important help, however, being money contributions from\nall these societies, we have sought by our system of missionary\nletters to encourage the ladies and young people to annual\ncontributions. The amounts thus received have varied from $10 to\n$100, according to the ability of the church, but every society\nthus contributing to the A. M. A. may work for some definite object\nand receive the field letters.\n\nTo the Woman\u2019s State organizations we offer specific work on\na larger scale. Of such we name the following as co-operating\ndirectly with us: Maine and Vermont each by a \u201cWoman\u2019s Aid to\nthe A. M. A.\u201d Connecticut, New York, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan,\nWisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota, each by a Woman\u2019s Home Missionary\nUnion, and Minnesota and Kansas by their Woman\u2019s Home Missionary\nSocieties.\n\nThe State organizations have some of them undertaken the support\nof a single school, and others of missionaries selected from\ndifferent departments of our work. In every State the appeal of\nthe A. M. A. is made through its Woman\u2019s Bureau to the ladies of\nall the churches and to all the ladies of the churches, and the\ncontributions are in part through the State organizations and in\npart direct, all working to the same end.\n\nOther States also, not yet organized, are assisting us in definite\nlines, as Massachusetts and New Hampshire.\n\nAny society of old or young people, whether Missionary,\nLadies\u2019 Aid, Benevolent Society, Sewing Circle or Christian\nEndeavor\u2014whatever involves combined interests and united work\u2014we\ncordially welcome to share with us in the grand opportunities of\nour field.\n\nIn this way the ladies of the Congregational churches are helping\nin the support of seventeen of the established missions of the\nAmerican Missionary Association\u2014among the colored people, poor\nwhites, Indians and Chinese, according to their choice.\n\nPublic meetings in behalf of missions have been provided with lady\nspeakers, and in many instances the monthly missionary concerts\nof the churches having the American Missionary Association for a\nsubject, have been furnished with fresh letters from different\nparts of the field, thus giving vividness to the facts gathered\nfrom the A. M. A. literature.\n\nWe all know that it is not by doing any great thing that the\nhome is made beautiful and strong, but by the many acts of\nthoughtfulness, the light and skillful touches which singly appear\nso small, but together and often repeated become essential. So in\nour connection with these great mission boards, let us make our\nwork valuable by our constancy and skill in doing what we can,\ngiving an aureola to the cause of missions by the well directed\nrays of womanly, consecrated service.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nA WORD FROM BULGARIA.\n\n\u201cFor a long time I have not had an opportunity to read THE AMERICAN\nMISSIONARY, and chancing to see it lying on the table at the house\nof one of my associates, it instantly awakened a host of memories\nof the past when I was a teacher of the Freedmen during the war\nof the Rebellion. My interest in the work of the Association has\nalways been great, and I should have given my life to its service\nhad I not felt that God called me elsewhere. My prayer is that God\nmay bless the labors of the faithful missionaries in my own dear\nnative land more and more abundantly.\u201d\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\nRECEIPTS FOR OCTOBER, 1887.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n  MAINE, $216.78.\n\n    Alfred. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                               $18.39\n    Augusta. Miss K. Carpenter\u2019s Sab. Sch. Class,\n      _for Student Aid, Talladega C._                          5.00\n    Bangor. First Cong. Ch. and Soc., add\u2019l, to\n      const. REV. CHARLES H. CUTLER, MRS. HELEN M.\n      QUIMBY and JOHN F. COLBY L. M\u2019s.                        30.00\n    Castine. Sab. Sch. Class, by Prof. Fred. W.\n      Foster, _for Student Aid, Tougaloo U._                   1.60\n    Freeport. First Cong. Ch., 16.94; Rev. Daniel\n      Lane, 1                                                 17.94\n    Gorham. \u201cHelping Hand Soc.,\u201d by Miss Mary E.\n      Tolford                                                 25.00\n    Gray. Sab. Sch. Classes, by Mrs. Julia Doughty\n      and sister, _for Selma, Ala._                            3.35\n    Kennebunk Port. South Cong. Ch.                            5.00\n    Norridgewock. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                          33.25\n    Phillips. Cong. Ch.                                        4.00\n    Portland. Williston Ch., 46; Wm. W. Mitchell,\n      25                                                      71.00\n    Topsham. Mrs. M. P. Sewall                                 2.00\n    \u2014\u2014. \u201cAn Aged Lady\u201d                                         0.25\n\n\n  NEW HAMPSHIRE, $257.35.\n\n    Bennington. Cong. Ch.                                     11.17\n    Boscawen. Mrs. J. McClure, _for Student Aid,\n      Talladega C._                                            1.00\n    Candia. \u201cA Friend.\u201d                                        1.00\n    Epping. Cong. Ch.                                          2.00\n    Exeter. S. C. E., First Cong. Ch., _for\n      Atlanta U._                                              4.35\n    Hanover. Dartmouth College Cong. Ch.                      15.00\n    Hinsdale. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                              20.00\n    Hudson. J. G. Proctor, to const. MRS. J. G.\n      PROCTOR, L. M.                                          30.00\n    Keene. Ira J. Prouty, M.D.                                 5.00\n    Nashua. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.                          20.00\n    New Ipswich. Children\u2019s 25th Annual Fair (2 of\n      which _for Indian M._)                                  19.32\n    New Ipswich. Cong. Ch.                                     3.71\n    North Hampton. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                         23.50\n    Pelham. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                                37.00\n    Penacook. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.                          20.00\n    Peterboro. Union Evan. Ch.                                44.30\n\n\n  VERMONT, $460.20.\n\n    Barnet. Ladies, _for McIntosh, Ga._, by Mrs.\n      Henry Fairbanks                                         12.52\n    Burlington. First Ch., 128.05; Third Cong.\n      Ch., 74.56                                             203.61\n    Chester. Cong. Ch.                                        33.50\n    East Fairfield. Cong. Ch.                                  4.35\n    Enosburg. First Cong. Ch., add\u2019l.                          5.00\n    Fairfield. Cong. Ch.                                       2.88\n    Hartford. E. Morris                                      100.00\n    Middlebury. Miss E. Starr                                  5.00\n    Orange. Cong. Ch.                                         15.00\n    Quechee. Ladies, _for McIntosh, Ga._, by Mrs.\n      E. D. Wild                                               5.00\n    Quechee. Mrs. H. Thomas, _for Student Aid,\n      Talladega C._                                            2.00\n    Rupert. Miss Cora Guild                                    2.00\n    Saint Albans. First Cong. Ch., add\u2019l.                      1.00\n    Vergennes. Cong. Ch., 13.38, and Sab. Sch.,\n      1.62                                                    15.00\n    Wallingford. Bbl. of C., _for McIntosh, Ga._\n      Waterbury. Cong. Ch.                                     5.34\n    West Brattleboro. Miss Annie L. Grout, Box of\n      C., 1 _for freight, for McIntosh, Ga._                   1.00\n    West Randolph. First Cong. Ch. (6 of which\n      _for McIntosh, Ga._) to const DEA. J. O.\n      FOWLER L. M.                                            30.00\n    Williamstown. Mrs. E. E. Cheney                            1.00\n    Williston. Cong. Ch.                                      27.00\n\n\n  MASSACHUSETTS, $4,941.44.\n\n    Amherst. C. G. Noyes, 10; Second Cong. Ch.,\n      8.80                                                    18.80\n    Andover. Ladies\u2019 Union Home Miss\u2019y Soc. by\n      Charlotte H. Swift, Treas.                              91.00\n    Ashby. Cong. Ch.                                          13.26\n      Boston. \u201cFriends,\u201d 500;\n          Individuals, by J. W. Davis,\n          400; _for Hospital among the\n          Sioux Indians_                         900.00\n      Boston. Park St. Ch. and Soc.               31.67\n      Boston. J. H. Farrar                        20.00\n      Boston. Miss Robinson, _for\n          Talladega C._                            2.00\n      Boston. \u201cA Friend in Central Ch.\u201d            2.00\n      Dorchester. Collected by Miss Mary\n          A. Tuttle, _for Marie Adlof\n          Sch\u2019p Fund_ add\u2019l.                       2.50\n      Jamaica Plain. Mrs. Lydia M. Story,\n          _for Indian M._                         10.00\n      Roxbury. Sab. Sch. of Immanuel Ch.,\n          _for Aid of Indian Student_             60.00\n      Roxbury. Mrs. Livermore                     10.00\n      West Roxbury. Evan. Cong. Ch.               19.65\n                                                  \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014    1,057.82\n    Bridgewater. Central Sq. Cong. Ch., to const.\n      WM. F. LEONARD L. M.                                    34.98\n    Brimfield. Mrs. P. C Browning, 15; Mrs. J. S.\n      Webber, 3                                               18.00\n    Brookline. Harvard Ch. and Soc.                           53.34\n    Cambridge. North Av. Cong. Ch., add\u2019l.                     1.00\n    Campello. South Cong. Ch.                                100.00\n    Chelsea. Dr. Horatio N. Page                               5.00\n    Clinton. Mrs. R. N. Ingalls, 20; Mrs. Wm.\n      Fairbanks, 10; Mrs. G. Carter, 5; Mrs. Emily\n      Bigelow, 5; Mrs. Greely, 5; Mrs. Dakin, 3;\n      \u201cFriends,\u201d 1.05, _for Talladega C._                     49.05\n    Dedham. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch., _for\n      Student Aid, Straight U._                               25.00\n    Deerfield. Ortho. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                      22.53\n    Easthampton. Sab. Sch. of Payson Ch., _for\n      Student Aid, Fisk U._                                   30.00\n    Easthampton. Mrs. Samuel Skinner, _for Student\n      Aid, Talladega C._                                       5.00\n    Enfield. Cong. Ch.                                        50.00\n    Essex. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                                 55.00\n    Fitchburg. Sab. Sch. of Rollstone Ch., _for\n      Student Aid, Straight U._                               50.00\n    Framingham. Sab. Sch. of Plym. Ch., _for\n      Indian M._                                              20.31\n    Framingham. Mrs. C. M. Clark\u2019s mite-box                    6.00\n    Freetown. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                               8.37\n    Gardner. Woman\u2019s Miss\u2019y Soc., _for Indian\n      Sch\u2019p._                                                 50.00\n    Goshen. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                                12.00\n    Greenfield. M. O. Farrand                                 10.00\n    Greenwich. Cong. Ch.                                      11.20\n    Harvard. Cong. Ch.                                        18.50\n    Holland. Cong. Ch.                                         4.00\n    Holliston. \u201cBible Christians of Dist. No. 4\u201d              30.00\n    Holliston. \u201cFriends,\u201d _for Student Aid,\n      Talladega C._                                           16.46\n    Holyoke. \u201cFriends,\u201d by E. B. Reed, _for Indian\n      Sch\u2019p._                                                 17.50\n    Hubbardston. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                            8.00\n    Ipswich. South Cong. Ch.                                  25.00\n    Lawrence. Y. P. S. of Christian Service,\n      Trinity Cong. Ch.                                        5.00\n    Leominster. Cong. Ch., _for Indian M._                    42.00\n    Lexington. Hancock Ch. and Soc.                           15.00\n    Lincoln. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch., _for\n      Student Aid, Atlanta U._                                20.00\n    Lowell. Mrs. O. C. Moore, _for Freight_                    2.00\n    Lynn. Sab Sch. of First Cong. Ch., add\u2019l _for\n      Student Aid, Atlanta U._                                20.00\n    Marshfield. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch., _for\n      Student Aid, Atlanta U._                                20.00\n    Merrimac. Cong. Ch.                                      100.00\n    Milford. Ladies of Cong. Soc., _for Student\n      Aid, Talladega C._                                       6.07\n    Monson. Mrs. C. O. Chapin                                  5.00\n    New Bedford. Trin. Cong. Ch.                              18.78\n    Newton Center. First Cong. Ch.                            75.69\n    Newton Highlands. Cong. Ch., add\u2019l.                        1.00\n    North Adams. First Cong. Ch.                              31.48\n    North Brookfield. Sab. Sch. of First Cong.\n      Ch., _for Student Aid, Fisk U._                         35.00\n    Orleans. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.                           20.00\n    Pittsfield. \u201cA Friend,\u201d _for Student Aid,\n      Talladega C._                                            7.10\n    Raynham. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.                         21.06\n    Reading. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                               17.50\n    Reading. Mrs. Z. M. Hazleton, _for Freight_                4.00\n    Rockland. Ladies of Cong. Ch.                              7.00\n    Royalston. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.                       55.00\n    Rutland. Cong. Ch.                                         6.50\n    Salem. Crombie St. Cong. Ch., _for Indian M._             25.00\n    Somerville. Sab. Sch. of Franklin St. Ch.,\n      _for aid of Indian student_                             40.00\n    Southampton. Cong. Ch.                                    31.77\n    South Dennis. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                          15.00\n    South Egremont. Cong. Ch.                                 30.30\n    South Hadley. First Cong. Ch., 26; \u201cA Friend,\u201d\n      2                                                       28.00\n    South Hadley Falls. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.                14.79\n    South Weymouth. Miss Sadie B. Tirrell\u2019s S. S.\n      Class Second Cong. Ch., _for aid of Indian\n      student_                                                 3.50\n    Stoneham. Cong. Ch. and Soc., to const. REV.\n      D. A. NEWTON L. M.                                      39.08\n    Sunderland. Cong. Ch. and Soc. (6 of which\n      _for Student Aid, Sherwood Acad., Tenn._)               34.87\n    Wakefield. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., _for Indian\n      M._                                                     27.70\n    Ware. \u201cA Friend\u201d                                           5.00\n    Watertown. \u201cA Friend\u201d                                      0.75\n    Westhampton. Cong. Ch., add\u2019l.                            28.34\n    Westford. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                              11.00\n    West Medford. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                          12.75\n    West Medway. \u201cFriends,\u201d _for Student Aid,\n      Talladega C._                                            2.00\n    West Medway. Mrs. E. C. T. Robbins                         0.50\n    West Newton. Sab. Sch. of Second Cong. Ch.                50.00\n    West Springfield. Ladies\u2019 Mission Circle of\n      Park St. Ch., 100 _for Pleasant Hill,\n      Tenn._, and 100 _for Tougaloo U._                      200.00\n    Whitinsville. Mrs. J. J. Abbott, 10; Miss\n      Helen L. Abbott, 2; \u201cA Friend,\u201d 10, _for\n      Indian M._                                              22.00\n    Winchendon. First Cong. Ch. and Soc., 19, and\n      Sab. Sch. 21.57                                         40.57\n    Woods Holl. Case of Books\n    Worcester. Wm. Woodward, 100; Sab. Sch. of\n      Central Ch., 5                                         105.00\n    Worcester. Sab. Sch. of Central Ch., _for\n      Student Aid, Atlanta U._                                38.02\n    Worcester. Geo. F. Orr, 10; Mrs. Orr, 6; Mrs.\n      Laird, 2, _for Talladega C._                            18.00\n    Yarmouth. Cong. Ch.                                       50.00\n    \u2014\u2014. \u201cA Friend.\u201d                                           30.00\n    \u2014\u2014. \u201cFor the Indians,\u201d                                     5.00\n    By Charles Marsh, Treas. Hampden Benev. Ass\u2019n.\n      Agawam.                                     19.05\n      Chicopee. First                             19.50\n      Palmer. First                                5.36\n      Palmer. Second                              36.00\n      Palmer. Second                              35.00\n      Springfield. First                          25.00\n      Springfield. South                          42.97\n      Springfield. Memorial                       43.00\n      Springfield. North                          53.80\n      Westfield. Second                           71.52\n      West Springfield. First                     29.00\n                                                  \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014      380.20\n                                                           \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n                                                          $3,741.44\n\n    LEGACIES.\n\n    Medfield. Estate of Mrs. Abigail Cummings, by\n      Executor, _for Atlanta U._                           1,000.00\n    Worcester. Estate of Benj. W. Fletcher, by\n      Geo. Swan, Ex.                                         200.00\n                                                           \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n                                                          $4,941.44\n\n\n  RHODE ISLAND, $37.70.\n\n    Kingston. Cong. Ch.                                       12.70\n    Providence. N. W. Williams                                15.00\n    Providence. Cent. Cong. Ch., _for Indian M._              10.00\n\n\n  CONNECTICUT, $1,007.51.\n\n    Bristol. Cong. Ch., _for Student Aid, Atlanta\n      U._                                                      9.00\n    Chester. \u201cI. O.\u201d                                           5.00\n    Clinton. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.                            8.30\n    Eastford. Cong. Ch.                                        7.77\n    East Hampton. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.                    36.00\n    Ellington. Cong. Ch., add\u2019l                                0.50\n    Farmington. Cong. Ch., 20; H. D. Hawley, 20,\n      _for Mechan\u2019l building_, Austin, Texas                  40.00\n    Gilead. \u201cA Friend\u201d                                         8.00\n    Harwinton. Cong. Ch. (5 of which from Mrs.\n      Hilpah Watson, _for Indian M._)                         41.05\n    Higganum. Mrs. Susan Gladwin                               4.00\n    Lisbon. Cong. Ch., 6; \u201cA Friend,\u201d 1, _for\n      Conn. Ind\u2019l Sch., Ga._                                   7.00\n    Mansfield. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc.                       7.00\n    Meriden. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch., _for\n      Student Aid, Fisk U._, and to const. D. M.\n      LYMAN L. M.                                             50.00\n    New Britain. South Cong. Ch.                             179.56\n    New Canaan. Woman\u2019s H. M. Soc. of Cong. Ch.,\n      _for Conn. Ind\u2019l Sch., Ga._                             26.00\n    New Haven. Davenport Cong. Ch., 41.34; Young\n      Ladies\u2019 Mission Circle of Humphrey St. Ch.,\n      24.79                                                   66.13\n    North Branford. Cong. Ch.                                 11.69\n    North Madison. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                          7.00\n    Old Lyme. First Cong. Ch.                                 20.00\n    Plainfield. First Cong. Ch.                               23.92\n    Plantsville. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., _for\n      Atlanta U._                                             32.58\n    Poquonock. Cong. Ch.                                      38.54\n    Preston. Long Soc. Sab. Sch.                               3.60\n    Preston City. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                          22.00\n    Putnam. Second Cong. Ch.                                  21.90\n    Putnam. \u201cA Friend,\u201d _for Atlanta U._                      20.00\n    Reynolds Bridge. Eagle Rock Cong. Ch., bal. to\n      const. REV. J. S. BURGESS L. M.                         24.00\n    Rockville. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch., box\n      papers, etc., _for Sherwood, Tenn._\n    Seymour. Cong. Ch.                                        12.05\n    Scitico. Mrs. Chas. E. Stowe                               5.50\n    South Canaan. \u201cA Friend.\u201d                                  1.00\n    South Windsor. First Cong. Ch.                             8.00\n    Terryville. Cong. Ch.                                     43.00\n    Terryville. \u201cSoldier of Christ\u201d (10 of which\n      _for Indian M._)                                        15.00\n    Terryville. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., _for aid\n      of Indian student_                                      17.50\n    Waterbury. Sunshine Circle, by Jessie B.\n      Brooks, _for Woman\u2019s Work_                               5.00\n    Watertown. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                             40.88\n    West Avon. Cong. Ch., 7.50; Rev. R. Scoles, 10            17.50\n    Westbrook. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                             54.54\n    Westford. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., _for Indian\n      M._                                                      5.00\n    West Hartford. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                         14.00\n    Windsorville. Jane Bancroft and Parents                   25.00\n    Woodbury. North Cong. Ch.                                 23.00\n\n\n  NEW YORK, $858.89.\n\n    Amsterdam. Mrs. Chandler Bartlett                          2.00\n    Bergen. First Cong. Ch.                                   14.25\n    Brasher Falls. Mrs. Eliza A. Bell, to const.\n      WILLIE J. BELL L. M.                                    30.00\n    Brooklyn. G. H. Nichols, _for Talladega C._              100.00\n    Brooklyn. Sab. Sch. of Central Cong. Ch.,\n      37.50; Puritan Ch., 11.53, _for Indian M._              49.03\n    Brooklyn. H. W. Brinkerhoff, _for Atlanta U._             10.00\n    Brooklyn. Puritan Cong. Ch., 72.56; Rev. E. P.\n      Thwing, 5; Rev. S. B. Halliday, Pkg. Books              77.56\n    Columbus. Aunt Sally Williams, by Rev. J. W.\n      Keeler                                                  20.00\n    Fredonia. JEANNIE E. KINSMAN, to const.\n      herself L. M., and _for Student Aid, Athens,\n      Ala._                                                   30.00\n    Hudson. Mrs. D. A. Jones                                  15.00\n    Lima. Sab. Sch. of Presb. Ch., bal. of C.,\n      etc., 5.17, _for Freight, for Sherwood,\n      Tenn._                                                   5.17\n    Livonia. Mrs. Wm. Calvert                                  5.00\n    Madison. Cong. Ch.                                         4.25\n    Millville. Cong. Ch.                                       8.50\n    Newark Valley. Cong. Ch.                                  21.06\n    New Lebanon. Cong. Ch., 16.45; Sab. Sch. of\n      Cong. Ch., 5                                            21.45\n    New York. Rev. D. Stuart Dodge, _for Talladega\n      C._                                                    100.00\n    Norwich. \u201cTen Friends,\u201d 7.75; \u201cSeven Young\n      Men,\u201d 1.75; Miss Gibson, _for Beach Inst_.,\n      1; by Miss M. M. Foote                                  10.50\n    Norwood. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.                            5.71\n    Owego. Cong. Ch., _for Indian M._, add\u2019l to\n      const. MRS. D. H. BLOODGOOD and DEA. JAMES\n      M. HASTINGS L. M\u2019s                                      25.00\n    Rushville. First Cong. Ch.                                 3.81\n    Schenectady. Cong. Ch. and Soc. to const. REV.\n      JOHN H. MUNSELL L. M.                                   40.00\n    Seneca Falls. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch.                 8.00\n    Sherburne. Joshua Pratt, 50; Mrs. H. De Forest\n      Fuller, 25; \u201cA Friend,\u201d 25; \u201cKin and Kind,\u201d\n      20; Rev. Charles C. Johnson, _for Student\n      Aid_, 5\u2014_for Talladega C._                             125.00\n    Volney. Cong. Ch. and Sab. Sch.                            5.60\n    West Groton. Cong. Ch., 13.70; Birthday Box,\n      2.30                                                    16.00\n    Woman\u2019s Home Missionary Union of N.Y., by Mrs.\n      L. H. Cobb, Treas., _for Woman\u2019s Work_:\n        Fairport. Aux., by Mrs. G. Brooks        100.00\n        Cambria Center. Ladies\u2019 Aux.               6.00\n                                                  \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014      106.00\n\n\n  NEW JERSEY, $406.88.\n\n    Montclair. Sab. Sch. Class, _for Student Aid,\n      Talladega C._                                            5.00\n    Orange. Trinity Cong. Ch.                                152.19\n    Paterson. P. Van Houten                                    5.00\n    Upper Montclair. Christian Union Cong. Ch.               219.69\n    Westfield. \u201cMission Band,\u201d by M. C. Alpers,\n      _for Indian M._                                         25.00\n\n\n  PENNSYLVANIA, $26.00.\n\n    Farmers Valley. Mrs. E. C. Olds                            1.00\n    Guy\u2019s Mills. Cong. Ch.                                    18.00\n    New Castle. John Burgess                                   2.00\n    Ridgway. Young People\u2019s Bible Class, by Minnie\n      Kline, _for Oaks, N.C._                                  5.00\n\n\n  OHIO, $458.15.\n\n    Akron. Mrs. A. A. Conger                                   1.00\n    Cleveland. Euclid Av. Cong. Ch.                           82.00\n    Cleveland. W. M. S. of First Cong. Ch., _for\n      Indian M._                                               7.78\n    Columbus. \u201cL. M. S.\u201d of Eastwood Cong. Ch.\n      (thank offering), _for Indian M._                       26.00\n    Conneaut. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., _for Student\n      Aid, Fisk U._                                           20.00\n    Conneaut. W. M. S., _for Indian M._                        2.50\n    Conneaut. May A. Kneeland, _for Student Aid\n      and Mountain Work_                                       2.00\n    Garrettsville. Cong. Ch.                                   8.00\n    Geneva. First Cong. Ch.                                    3.32\n    Hudson. W. M. S., _for Indian M._                          7.00\n    Medina. W. M. S., 10; Primary S. S. Class, 1;\n      Girls\u2019 Mission Band, 20c., _for Indian M._              11.20\n    Painesville. \u201cA Lady,\u201d _for Indian M._                     5.00\n    Peninsula. Erastus Jackson, 1; James Scobie, 1             2.00\n    Richfield. Cong. Ch.                                       8.63\n    Tallmadge. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., 31.64; Y.\n      L. H. M. Soc., 12, _for Student Aid, Fisk U._           43.64\n    Toledo. First Cong. Ch., 120; Ladies\u2019 Miss\u2019y\n      Union of Central Cong. Ch., 12                         132.00\n    Toledo. Young People\u2019s Miss\u2019y Soc., _for\n      Woman\u2019s Work_                                           20.00\n    Youngstown. \u201cOld Life Member\u201d                              5.00\n    \u2014\u2014. \u201cA Friend\u201d                                            10.00\n                                                             \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n                                                            $397.12\n\n    LEGACY.\n\n    Elyria. Estate of Lurania Tyler, by Lester\n      McLean, Adm.                                            61.03\n                                                             \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n                                                            $458.15\n\n\n  INDIANA, $7.41.\n\n    Terre Haute. Cong. Sab. Sch., Birthday\n      Offerings                                                7.41\n\n\n  ILLINOIS, $407.05.\n\n    Champaign. \u201cThree Friends\u201d                                 5.00\n    Chicago. First Cong. Ch., 100; Grace Cong.\n      Ch., 20                                                120.00\n    Chicago. U. P. Cong. Ch., _for Indian M._                 25.00\n    Chicago. Rev. J. Porter, D.D., Box of Books,\n      _for Library, Sherwood, Tenn._\n    Earlville. \u201cJ. A. D.\u201d                                     50.00\n    Highland. Ladies\u2019 Missionary Soc., _for\n      Woman\u2019s Work_                                            5.00\n    Lee Center. Cong. Ch.                                      4.05\n    Moline. Cong. Ch., add\u2019l                                   5.00\n    Oneida. Cong. Ch.                                         10.00\n    Park Ridge. Cong. Ch.                                     11.00\n    Payson. Cong. Ch.                                          7.50\n    Rantoul. L. M. S. of Cong. Ch.                             5.00\n    Ridge Prairie. St. John Ch., by Rev. A. Kerr              10.00\n    Roseville. Miss S. J. Axtell and Friends, box\n      of C, etc., _for Sherwood, Tenn._\n    Sannemin. Mrs. M. E Knowlton                               1.00\n    Sheffield. Cong. Ch., add\u2019l                                2.00\n    Streator. Bridge St. Cong. Ch.                            11.88\n    Washington Heights. Bethany Union Cong. Ch.               10.00\n    Winnebago. Cong. Ch.                                       9.00\n    Woman\u2019s Home Missionary Union of Ill., by Mrs.\n      B. F. Leavitt, Treas., _for Woman\u2019s Work._\n      Ashkum. Ladies\u2019 Miss\u2019y Soc.                  3.15\n      Chicago. L. M. S. of Lincoln Park\n          Ch.                                     26.00\n      Chicago. L. M. S. of Leavitt St. Ch.         1.47\n      Elgin. Ladies of First Cong. Ch.            50.00\n      Milburn. L. M. Soc.                         25.00\n      Oak Park. L. B. Soc.                        10.00\n                                                  \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014      115.62\n                                                             \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n\n\n  MICHIGAN, $351.49.\n\n    Alpena. First Cong. Ch.                                   50.00\n    Chelsea. First Cong. Ch.                                  20.73\n    Church\u2019s Corners. Cong. Ch., 34.37; Sab. Sch.,\n      5.63; Dea. N. R. Rowley, 10                             50.00\n    Farmington. Mary Erwin                                     5.00\n    Hancock. Ladies\u2019 Missionary Soc. of Cong. Ch.,\n      _for Student Aid, Talladega C._                         25.00\n    Ludington. Mrs. S. A. B. Carrier                           1.00\n    Manistee. First Cong. Ch.                                 29.18\n    Middleville. Cong. Ch.                                     2.33\n    Olivet. Cong. Ch.                                        143.55\n    Union City. Ladies\u2019 Missionary Soc. of Cong.\n      Ch., _for Athens, Ala._                                 10.00\n    Vernon. Cong. Ch.                                          3.70\n    Woman\u2019s Home Missionary Union of Michigan, by\n      Mrs. E. F. Grabill, Treas., _for Woman\u2019s\n      Work_:\n      Alma. L.M.S.                                            11.00\n\n\n  WISCONSIN, $171.56.\n\n    Cooksville. Edward Gilley                                  5.00\n    Janesville. First Cong. Ch.                               66.00\n    Koshkonong. P. T. Gunnison                                10.00\n    La Crosse. First Cong. Ch.                                60.00\n    Ripon. Mrs. C. T. Tracy                                    5.00\n    Woman\u2019s Home Missionary Union of Wisconsin,\n      _for Woman\u2019s Work_:\n      Appleton. W. H. M. S.                        8.25\n      Green Bay. W. H. M. S.                       5.00\n      Madison. W. H. M. S.                        10.31\n      Whitewater. W. H. M. S.                      2.00\n                                                  \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014       25.56\n\n\n  IOWA, $190.43.\n\n    Alden. Sarah B. Rogers                                     2.00\n    Almoral. Cong. Ch.                                         3.00\n    Atlantic. Mrs. O. C. Warne                                 8.00\n    Cherokee. First Cong. Ch.                                 15.33\n    Council Bluffs. Cong. Ch.                                 24.60\n    Grinnell. Cong. Ch.                                       14.85\n    Lake City. E. P. Longhead                                  0.50\n    Marcus. Mary Bosworth                                      1.00\n    Muscatine. German Cong. Ch.                                3.00\n    Pleasant Prairie. Cong. Ch., _for Student Aid,\n      Talladega C._                                            4.00\n    Tabor. Mrs. Sarah J. Spees, deceased, by Prof\n      E. B. Geer                                              50.00\n    Tabor. Miss May Matthews                                   0.90\n    Tipton. Cong. Ch.                                          8.00\n    Woman\u2019s Home Missionary Union of Iowa, _for\n      Woman\u2019s Work._\n      Alden. L. M. S.                              2.70\n      Algona. L. M. S.                             5.00\n      Cedar Falls. L. M. S.                        6.05\n      Central City. L. M. S.                       5.00\n      Grinnell. W. H. M. U.                        7.08\n      Le Mars. L. M. S.                            6.50\n      Mason City. L. M. S.                         9.17\n      McGregor. L. M. S.                           6.20\n      New Hampton. L. M. S.                        5.05\n      Ogden. Mrs. E. S. Lord                       2.50\n                                                  \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014       55.25\n\n\n  MINNESOTA, $182.88.\n\n    Brownton. Cong. Ch.                                        1.14\n    Minneapolis. Plymouth Ch., 28.46; First Cong.\n      Ch., 14.10; Lyndale Cong. Ch., 8; Silver\n      Lake Ch., 5; Miss Mary C. Noyes, 1                      56.56\n    Monticello. Cong. Ch.                                      2.00\n    Morris. \u201cFriends,\u201d by Miss Nellie S. Ruddock              23.40\n    Northfield. Cong. Ch.                                     97.78\n    Three Lakes. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., 1; Miss\n      Emma Leonard\u2019s Class, 1                                  2.00\n\n\n  MISSOURI, $85.46.\n\n    Saint Joseph. Tabernacle Cong. Ch., to const.\n      HENRY KIRK WHITE L. M.                                  32.60\n    Saint Louis. Pilgrim Cong. Ch.                            40.00\n    Springfield. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch.                 12.86\n\n\n  KANSAS, $4.08.\n\n    Fairview. Cong. Ch.                                        4.08\n\n\n  DAKOTA, $5.00.\n\n    Sioux Falls. W. M. A., by Mrs. Sue Fifield,\n      Ter. Treas.                                              5.00\n\n\n  NEBRASKA, $54.53.\n\n    Bradshaw. Cong. Ch.                                        4.08\n    Cortland. Melinda Bowen                                   10.00\n    Hay Springs. Cong. Ch.                                     2.00\n    Indianola. Cong. Ch.                                      14.20\n    McCook. Cong. Ch.                                          2.25\n    Stratton. Cong. Ch.                                        3.00\n    York. First Cong. Ch.                                     19.00\n\n\n  OREGON, $3.64.\n\n    East Providence. Cong. Ch.                                 3.64\n\n\n  WYOMING, $15.90.\n\n    Cheyenne. First Cong. Ch.                                 15.90\n\n\n  NEW MEXICO, $5.00.\n\n    White Oaks. Rev. R. E. Lund                                5.00\n\n\n  COLORADO, $3.00.\n\n    Julesburg. Cong. Ch.                                       3.00\n\n\n  CALIFORNIA, $1,478.90.\n\n    Lugonia. First Cong. Ch.                                  32.00\n    San Francisco. Receipts of the California\n      Chinese Mission                                      1,444.90\n    Santa Barbara. Milo Sawyer                                 2.00\n\n\n  KENTUCKY, $157.55.\n\n    Lexington. Tuition                                       157.55\n\n\n  TENNESSEE, $297.42.\n\n    Crossville. \u201cFriends\u201d                                      0.75\n    Grand View. Tuition                                       15.00\n    Jonesboro. Tuition, 5.50; Rent, 50c.                       6.00\n    Knoxville. Cong. Ch., _for Student Aid, Fisk\n      U._                                                      5.12\n    Nashville. Tuition                                       266.55\n    Sherwood. Union Ch.                                        4.00\n\n\n  NORTH CAROLINA, $9.35.\n\n    Troy. Cong. Ch.                                            0.50\n    Wilmington. Primary Sab. Sch.: Miss Hyde\u2019s\n      Class, 4.85; Miss Farrington\u2019s, 4, _for\n      Rosebud Indian M._                                       8.85\n\n\n  GEORGIA, $437.27.\n\n    Atlanta. Storrs Sch. Tuition                             333.45\n    Atlanta. First Cong. Ch.                                   2.02\n    Macon. Tuition                                           101.80\n\n\n  ALABAMA, 75c.\n\n    Pleasant Ridge. Ch. and Sab. Sch., by Rev. E.\n      Tapley                                                   0.75\n\n\n  MISSISSIPPI, $9.40.\n\n    Tougaloo. Y.P. Miss\u2019y Soc.                                 7.40\n    Tougaloo. Rent                                             2.00\n\n\n  TEXAS, $4.00.\n\n    Helena. Children\u2019s Miss\u2019y Soc., by Rev. M.\n      Thompson                                                 4.00\n\n\n  \u2014\u2014, 25c.\n\n    \u2014\u2014. \u201cA Friend,\u201d                                            0.25\n\n\n  CANADA, $5.00.\n\n    Montreal. Charles Alexander                                5.00\n\n\n  CHINA, $5.00.\n\n    Taiku. Rev. J. B. Thompson                                 5.00\n                                                         ==========\n\n\n    Donations                                            $10,419.84\n    Legacies                                               1,261.03\n    Tuition                                                  879.85\n    Rents                                                      2.50\n                                                          \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n    Total for October                                    $12,563.22\n                                                         ==========\n\n\n  FOR THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\n\n    Subscriptions for October                                $37.17\n\n\n    Receipts of the California Chinese Mission,\n      from May 11th, 1887, to September 30th,\n      1887. E. Palache, Treas.:\n    FROM AUXILIARY MISSIONS.\u2014Alameda, Mon. Off\u2019s,\n      4.\u2014Alturas, Mon. Off\u2019s, 15.\u2014Marysville, Mon.\n      Off\u2019s, 17.\u2014Ann. Mem. (of which from Mar\n      Fook, 4; Mar Tin Bow, 5), 29.50.\u2014Oakland,\n      Japanese, Mon. Off\u2019s, 28.75; M. E. Gospel\n      Soc., 2.50.\u2014Oroville, Mon. Off\u2019s 11.95; Ann.\n      Mem\u2019s, 34; \u201cAmerican Friends,\u201d 2.\u2014Petaluma,\n      Mon. Off\u2019s, 4.75; Ann. Mem\u2019s,\n      16.\u2014Sacramento, Mon. Off\u2019s, 26; Ann. Mem\u2019s,\n      8.\u2014San Diego, Mon. Off\u2019s, 2.50.\u2014Santa\n      Barbara, Mon. Off\u2019s, 14.95; Mrs. E. M.\n      Shattuck, 10.\u2014Santa Cruz, Mon. Off\u2019s, 16.75;\n      Ann. Mem\u2019s, 46.\u2014Stockton, Mon. Off\u2019s, 1.95;\n      Ann. Mem\u2019s, 46; James Jackson,5                        342.60\n    FROM CHURCHES.\u2014Crockett, Cong. Ch.,\n      2.50.\u2014Lorin, Park Ch., 2.\u2014Los Angeles, First\n      Cong. Ch. (4 of which from W. R. Blackman,\n      for A. M.), 145.\u2014Lugonia, Cong. Ch., Edson\n      D. Hale, 5; Chinese Sab. Sch.,\n      5.30.\u2014Oakland, First Cong. Ch. (100 of which\n      from Miss M. L. Newcomb, _for Evan._ Work,\n      20 from Rev. J. K. McLean, D.D., 5 for\n      Japanese M., From E. M. Noyes),\n      205.\u2014Oakland, Plym. Av. Ch. (of which Rev.\n      J. A. Benton, D.D., 5; Mrs. C. Richards, 5;\n      Rev. H. E. Jewett, 4; Mrs. M. L. Merritt, 2;\n      Rev. I. E. Dwinell, D.D., 1; L. M., 75c.),\n      32.75.\u2014Oakland, Golden Gate Ch., Rev. W. H.\n      Cooke, 5.\u2014Pomona, First Cong. Ch., \u201cA\n      Friend,\u201d 5.\u2014Redwood, Cong. Ch., Rev. W. H.\n      Pascoe, 1.\u2014Rio Vista, Mrs. Thurber and Mrs.\n      Gardner, Ann. Mem\u2019s, 4; Coll., 15.25.\u2014San\n      Francisco, Bethany Ch., of which from\n      American members, J. M. Stockman, 5; Miss\n      Julia Pickard, 5; Mrs. S. C. Hazelton, 5;\n      Dr. H. H. Lamont and family, 10.50; Mrs. M.\n      A. Wilson, 5; L. S. Sherman, 5; Dr. H. C.\n      French, 2.50; W. J., 2.50; W. D. F. Wiggin,\n      6; Ann. Mem\u2019s, etc., 35.\u2014Chinese members,\n      Central Mission, Mon. Off\u2019s, 3; Ann. Mem\u2019s,\n      etc., 94.50.\u2014Barnes\u2019 Mission Mon. Off\u2019s,\n      5.65; Ann. Mem\u2019s, 10.\u2014West Mission, Mon.\n      Off\u2019s, 13.15; Ann. Mem\u2019s, 28.\u2014Saratoga,\n      Cong. Ch., 35.75.\u2014Sonoma. Cong. Ch.,\n      10.\u2014Westminster, Cong. Ch., 6                          715.35\n    FROM INDIVIDUALS.\u2014James M. Haven, 25; Hon. F.\n      F. Low, 25; J. J. Felt, 25; Rev. E. N. Dyer,\n      25; Hawley Bros., 25; Gen. W. H. Dimond, 10;\n      Geo. W. Hazelton, 10; Messrs. Redington &\n      Co., 10; J. J. Vasconcellos, 5; Rev. A. J.\n      Wells, 5; Rev. Philip Coombe, 5; Mrs. A.\n      Cognard, 2                                             172.00\n    FROM EASTERN FRIENDS.\u2014Bangor, Me., Hon. E. R.\n      Burpee, 100.\u2014Amherst, Mass., Mrs. Rhoda A.\n      Lester, 100.\u2014Albany, N.Y., Mission Sab.\n      Sch., by J. C. Hughson, Supt., 14.\u2014Chicago,\n      Ill., Mission Sab. Sch., one Class, by I. H.\n      Morse, 1.55                                            215.55\n                                                           \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n      Total                                               $1,444.90\n                                                           ========\n\n                                  H. W. HUBBARD, Treasurer.\n                                               56 Reade St., N.Y.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\n_Advertisements._\n\n[Illustration: SCRIBNER\u2019S MAGAZINE\n\nPUBLISHED MONTHLY WITH ILLUSTRATIONS\n\nCHRISTMAS NUMBER CHARLES SCRIBNER\u2019S SONS NEW YORK F. WARNE & CO\nLONDON]\n\nThe completion of the first year of SCRIBNER\u2019S MAGAZINE will be\nsignalized by the publication of a superb Christmas Number, which\nis to be notable in many ways. The illustrations are increased\nto nearly double the usual number, representing the best work of\nthe most famous artists and engravers. The cover is enriched by\nan ornamental border printed in gold. The price will remain as\nusual\u201425 Cents. The authors and artists to this number are\nRobert Louis Stevenson, William Hole, the English painter, Will H.\nLow, Bret Harte, J. W. Alexander, F. Hopkinson Smith, H. C. Bunner,\nC. Jay Taylor, Miss Sarah Orne Jewett, William L. Taylor, Austin\nDobson, Louise Imogen Guiney, Elizabeth Akers, F. S. Church, R.\nSwain Gifford, M. J. Burns, Howard Pyle, George Foster Barnes, Mr.\nand Mrs. E. H. Blashfield and the late Edwin Percy Whipple.\n\nFor a Christmas Gift, nothing could be more appropriate than\na subscription to Scribner\u2019s Magazine. The price is $3 a\nYear.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPROF. FISHER\u2019S GREAT WORK NOW READY.\n\nHISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH.\n\nBY GEORGE P. FISHER, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical\nHistory in Yale University. 8vo, with numerous maps, $3.50.\n\n\nRev. R. S. Storrs, D.D., says:\n\n\u201cI am surprised that the author has been able to put such\nmultitudes of facts, with analyses of opinions, definitions of\ntendencies, and concise personal sketches, into a narrative at once\nso graceful, graphic and compact.\u201d\n\nREV. PHILIP SCHAFF, D.D.:\n\n\u201cProf. Fisher has completely succeeded in condensing the immense\nmass of material of his subject into one volume, and in producing a\nmost useful manual for students which meets a long felt want.\u201d\n\nREV. WILLIAM TAYLOR, D.D.:\n\n\u201cThe author has supplied a great want in this notable book, and has\nlaid all busy men under a deep and lasting obligation. I anticipate\ngreat pleasure and much profit from its full perusal.\u201d\n\n[Illustration]\n\n_These books for sale by all booksellers, or sent, postpaid, on\nreceipt of price, by_\n\nCHARLES SCRIBNER\u2019S SONS, 743\u2013745 Broadway, New York.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                       JAMES McCREERY & CO.\n\n                      OFFER DURING DECEMBER:\n\n  Silk                  A choice line of Black and Colored\n  Department.           Silks. Superior Quality.\n                        Latest Designs. Lowest Prices.\n\n  Dress Goods.          Fine Diagonal Serge, at 65 cts.,\n                        worth 85 cts.\n                        Camels Hair Cloth, at 75 cts.,\n                        good value for $1.00.\n\n  Blankets.             Several thousand pairs of Fine\n                        California Blankets, at a large\n                        reduction per pair from the\n                        manufacturers\u2019 present wholesale\n                        prices.\n\n  Linens.               Housekeeping Linens, Table\n                        Cloths. Table Damasks, Napkins,\n                        Towels, Toweling, etc., at\n                        about one-half former retail\n                        prices.\n\nA special lot of Eider Down Bed Quilts, with handsome Satteen\nCoverings, in single, double and extra bed sizes, at $8.00, $9.50\nand $11.00 each, being a little over half-price.\n\nSatisfaction assured to every purchaser, city or country.\n\nSpecial attention given to mail orders. Mention this magazine.\n\n                       JAMES McCREERY & CO.\n\n                    BROADWAY and ELEVENTH ST.,\n\n                             NEW YORK.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                              Liquid\n\n                          Cottage Colors.\n\nThe best MIXED PAINTS manufactured. Guaranteed to give perfect\nsatisfaction if properly applied. They are _heavy bodied_, and for\nwork that does not require an extra heavy coat, they can be thinned\n(with our Old Fashioned Kettle-boiled Linseed Oil) and still cover\nbetter than most of the mixed paints sold in the market, many of\nwhich have so little stock in them that they will not give a good\nsolid coat.\n\nSome manufacturers of mixed paints direct NOT to rub out the paint,\nbut to FLOW it on; the reason being that if such stuff were rubbed\nout there would be but little left to cover, would be transparent.\nOur Cottage Colors have great strength or body, and, like any good\npaint, should be worked out well under the brush. The covering\nproperty of this paint is so excellent as to allow this to be done.\n\nPut up for shipment as follows: In 3\u2013gal. and 5\u2013gal. bailed\nbuckets, also barrels; in cans of \u215b, \u00bc, \u00bd, 1\u2013gal. and 2\u2013gal. each.\n\nSample Cards of Colors, Testimonials and prices sent on application\nto\n\n                   Chicago White Lead & Oil Co.,\n\n                   Cor. Green & Fulton Streets,\n\n                           CHICAGO, ILL.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                        Clinton H. Meneely\n\n                           BELL COMPANY\n\n                            Troy, N.Y.,\n\n                       MANUFACTURE SUPERIOR\n\n                         Church, Chime and\n\n                            Peal Bells.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                           _6%, 7%, 8%._\n\n                      _THE AMERICAN\n                              INVESTMENT CO._\n\n                       OF EMMETTSBURG, IOWA,\n\nwith a PAID-UP CAPITAL of $600,000, SURPLUS $75,000, offers First\nMortgage Loans drawing SEVEN per cent., both Principal and Interest\nFULLY GUARANTEED. Also 6 per cent. ten-year Debenture Bonds,\nsecured by 105 per cent. of First Mortgage Loans held in trust by\nthe MERCANTILE TRUST COMPANY, New York. 5 per cent. certificates of\ndeposit for periods under one year.\n\n                 7\u2154% CAN BE REALIZED BY CHANGING\n                    4 Per Ct. Government Bonds\n                   Into 6 Per Cent. Debentures.\n\n         Write for full information and reference to the\n                            Company at\n\n                   150 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK.\n\n          A. L. ORMSBY, Vice-President and Gen. Manager.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                  Dr. WARNER\u2019S Health Underwear,\n\n                      MADE OF TWO QUALITIES,\n\n                    Selected CAMEL\u2019S HAIR and\n                        Pure NATURAL WOOL.\n\n          Five Reasons for Wearing the Health Underwear.\n\n1st. Camel\u2019s Hair and Wool are twice as warm as the same weight of\nCotton or Linen.\n\n2d. They protect the body against excessive heat against drafts and\nsudden changes of temperature.\n\n3d. They are an important protection against colds, catarrh,\nconsumption, neuralgia, rheumatism and malaria.\n\n4th. They cannot crack, fade or poison the skin, as they are\n_natural colors_ and contain no dyes.\n\n5th. The Camel\u2019s Hair is warranted to wash without shrinking.\n\nManufactured in all styles of Gentlemen\u2019s, Ladies\u2019 and Children\u2019s\nUnderwear and Night Shirts.\n\n                  FOR SALE BY LEADING MERCHANTS.\n\n            Catalogue with Prices sent on application.\n\n                 WARNER BROS., 359 Broadway, N.Y.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                        IN THE SELECTION OF\n\n                           A CHOICE GIFT\n\nFor Pastor, Parent, Teacher, Child or Friend, both elegance and\nusefulness will be found combined in a copy of Webster\u2019s Unabridged.\n\n[Illustration: WEBSTER\u2019S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY IN VARIOUS STYLES OF\nBINDING]\n\nBesides many other valuable features, it contains\n\n                           A Dictionary\n                of 118,000 Words, 3000 Engravings,\n\n                     A Gazetteer of the World\n              locating and describing 20,000 Places,\n\n                    A Biographical Dictionary\n                 of nearly 10,000 Noted Persons,\n\n                         All in One Book.\n\n        3000 more Words and nearly 2000 more Illustrations\n                than any other American Dictionary.\n\n              Sold by all Booksellers. Pamphlet free.\n\n        =G. & C. MERRIAM & CO.=, Pub\u2019rs, Springfield, Mass.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                             INDELIBLE\n\nMark your Clothing! Clear Record of half a Century.\n\n\u201cMost Reliable and Simplest for plain or decorative marking.\u201d\n\nUse a common pen.\n\n\n[Illustration: PAYSON\u2019S INDELIBLE INK, for marking Linen, Silk &\ncotton WITH A COMMON PEN, Without a Preparation.\n\nPAYSON\u2019S INDELIBLE INK]\n\nSold by all Druggists, Stationers, News and Fancy Goods dealers.\n\n                             PAYSON\u2019S\n\n                         _Indelible Ink!_\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                        A. H. ANDREWS & CO.\n\n                         MANUFACTURERS OF\n\n                    School, Church, Chapel and\n                      Sunday-School Seating.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nDOVETAILED SCHOOL-DESKS, GLOBES, MAPS, CHARTS, BLACKBOARDS, &C.\n\nCHURCH CHAIRS PEWS, PULPITS, COMMUNION TABLES, COLLECTION PLATES,\n&C, &C.\n\nIMPROVED METHODS OF SEATING WITH SETTEES AND TAYLOR PATENT CHAIRS.\n\nCatalogues free on application.\n\nA. H. ANDREWS & CO., 686 Broadway, New York City. 195 Wabash\nAvenue, Chicago.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                        MENEELY & COMPANY,\n                      WEST TROY, N.Y., BELLS,\n\nFor Churches, Schools, etc., also Chimes and Peals. For more than\nhalf a century noted for superiority over all others.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n[Illustration: The Pulpit Treasury]\n\nDevoted to Sermons, Lectures, Bible Comments, Questions of the Day,\nthe Prayer Meeting, Sunday School and Mission Work. By the ablest\nwriters on Theology, Christian Ethics, Evangelistic Work, Home\nCulture, etc. A welcome guest to the Pastor, Teacher and Family,\n5th Year, Monthly. Illustrated, $2.50, Pastors, $2. Sample Free. E.\nB. TREAT, Pub. New York\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n    +----------------------------------------------------------+\n    |                YOU CAN MAKE YOUR OWN INK!                |\n    |               Send =25= cts for a bottle of              |\n    |                  WALPOLE INK POWDERS                     |\n    +--------------+-----------+---------------+---------------+\n    |     BLACK    |    RED    |    VIOLET     |     GREEN     |\n    +--------------+-----------+---------------+---------------+\n    |  which will make several quarts of the best ink. Will    |\n    |  not corrode the pen. Name color. Circular giving full   |\n    |  information free on application. Address                |\n    |                                                          |\n    |    Walpole Dye & Chemical Works, 44 Oliver St., Boston.  |\n    +----------------------------------------------------------+\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                        Novelties in Music.\n\n                New Music Books of Unusual Beauty.\n\n=UNITED VOICES.= A New School Song Book. L. O. Emerson has again\nmade a success in a collection of songs for the girls and boys. It\ncannot fail to be popular. =50 cts. $4.80 per doz.=\n\n=CHILDREN\u2019S DIADEM.= Abbey & Munger. A true children\u2019s book,\ncontaining new and very sweet music and words for the SUNDAY\nSCHOOL. =30 cts. $3.00 per doz.=\n\n=EMANUEL.= An Oratorio in 3 parts. 1.\u2014The Nativity. 2.\u2014Crucifixion.\n3.\u2014Resurrection. By J. E. Trowbridge. Not difficult. Commended to\nchoirs and societies. =$1.00. $9.00 per doz.=\n\n=JEHOVAH\u2019S PRAISE.= A New Church Music Book by L. O. Emerson.\nSinging School Course. Good secular music for practice Glees and\nPart Songs, Hymn Tunes, Anthems, for Choirs, Singing Classes and\nConventions. =$1.00. $9.00 per doz.=\n\n=GOOD OLD SONGS WE USED TO SING.= A most attractive collection\nof 115 popular songs, with Piano or Organ accompaniment. =Price,\n$1.00.=\n\n=Construction, Tuning and Care of the Pianoforte.= E. Q. Norton. A\nmost useful book to all piano owners. =Price, 60 cts.=\n\n                     MAILED FOR RETAIL PRICE.\n\n                   OLIVER DITSON & CO., BOSTON.\n\n            C. H. DITSON & Co., 867 Broadway, New York.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n             1850      Thirty-Seventh Year.      1887\n\n                          Manhattan Life\n\n                           INSURANCE CO.\n\n                           OF NEW YORK,\n\n                       156 AND 158 BROADWAY.\n\n                          AGENTS WANTED.\n\nWe desire to engage the services of competent, reliable men as\nAgents, in localities where this company is not now represented.\nLiberal arrangements will be made with men who would like to\nundertake the business. The requirements are, a good reputation\nfor honesty and integrity, popularity, intelligence, industry and\nperseverance. With these qualities any man can succeed; if he can\nadd enthusiasm he can command great success. Send references as to\nability, integrity, etc.\n\n  Accumulation                         _=11,155,000=_\n  Surplus, by New York standard,       _=2,254,000=_\n\n_Cash surrender values. Policy incontestable after five years. Very\nliberal to insurers, embracing the non-forfeiture law of New York._\n\n                    JAMES M. McLEAN, President.\n     J. L. HALSEY, 1st Vice-Pres\u2019t.\n              H. B. STOKES, 2d Vice-Pres\u2019t.\n                         H. Y. WEMPLE, Secretary.\n                                 S. N. STEBBINS, Actuary.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                  OUR LITTLE ONES AND THE NURSERY\n\n\n                     THE PRINCE OF JUVENILES.\n                       ESTABLISHED IN 1867.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n              The most beautiful magazine in matter\n                  and illustrations for children\n                          ever published.\n\n                 A specimen copy and Premium List\n                  sent to any address on receipt\n                       of a two-cent stamp.\n\n                     RUSSELL PUBLISHING CO.,\n                  36 Bromfield St., Boston, Mass.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\nThe BOW in the CLOUD Or WORDS of COMFORT For those in Sickness,\nSorrow and the varied Afflictions of Life. By =200= best Authors,\nProse and Poetry, Edited by J. Sanderson, D.D. A Home Treasury and\nGift Book of rare excellence. 450 Pages, $1.75.\n\nE. B. TREAT. Pub., N.Y.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                         JOSEPH GILLOTT\u2019S\n                            STEEL PENS\n                GOLD MEDAL PARIS EXPOSITION\u20141878.\n                     THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                      THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO.\n\nannounce as now ready the _eighty-fifth thousand_ of\n\n  =_Our Country_=: ITS POSSIBLE FUTURE AND PRESENT CRISIS. By\n  Rev. Josiah Strong, D.D. 12mo; paper, 25 cents; cloth, 50 cents.\n\n\u201cIt seems to me the most important book which has been issued in\nthis decade\u201d.\u2014_Rev. Charles F. Deems, D.D._\n\n  =_Evangelistic Work_=, IN PRINCIPLE AND PRACTICE. By Rev.\n  Arthur T. Pierson, D.D. 16mo; cloth, $1.25.\n\nThis book will sooner or later find its way into the hands of every\nclergyman in the country.\n\n  _=Modern Cities=_, AND THEIR RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS. By Rev. Samuel\n  Lane Loomis. 12mo; cloth, $1.00.\n\nAn important and practical work on that most important subject\u2014city\nevangelization.\n\nThe above books will be sent postpaid on receipt of the price by\n\n                THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO., Publishers,\n                     9 Bond Street, New York.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                          BEST BOOKS FOR\n                        CHRISTIAN WORKERS.\n\n              =1888.=      _NOW READY._      =1888.=\n\n               On the Old and New Testament Lessons.\n\n                  DR. PENTECOST\u2019S BIBLE STUDIES:\n\n  The new Sunday-school Commentary for 1888, by REV. GEO. F.\n  PENTECOST. D.D.; 344 pages, 12mo. Paper, 50cts.; cloth, $1.00.\n  This will be found an invaluable help to the study of the\n  lessons for 1888, and besides has a permanent value to all who\n  read it. Dr. Pentecost\u2019s work as an evangelist has led him to\n  closely study every portion of the Bible.\n\n                       On the New Testament.\n\n                     LYMAN ABBOTT ON MATTHEW:\n\n  An Illustrated Commentary on Matthew for Christian Workers. By\n  REV. LYMAN ABBOTT, D.D. 8vo, cloth. Price, $1.75.\n\nFor sale by booksellers generally, or sent postpaid on receipt of\nprice.\n\nN. B. Special rates to clubs of 5 to 100. Send for returnable\nsamples.\n\n                  A. S. BARNES & CO., Publishers,\n                 111 & 113 William St., New York.\n                 263 & 265 Wabash Avenue, Chicago.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                      _The Cheapest and Most\n                       Popular Illustrated\n                      Family Religious Paper\n                            Published._\n\n\n                         _An Illustrated\n                      Sixteen-page Journal,\n                           Evangelical\n                      and Undenominational.\n                        Issued Every Week._\n\n                                THE\n                         CHRISTIAN HERALD\n                      AND SIGNS OF OUR TIMES.\n\n                          Sent One Month\n                      on Trial on Receipt of\n                            Ten Cents.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nA Verbatim Report of the sermon preached by\n\n                            Dr. TALMAGE\n\non Sunday morning, invariably appears the following Thursday.\n\nIn every issue there is also a portrait of some prominent person,\nwith biography and pictures; an article on the Prophecies now being\nfulfilled; notes on the Sunday-school lesson, by Mrs. M. Baxter; a\nsummary of the week\u2019s news from all parts of the world.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nContains also the latest Sunday morning sermon by\n\n                        Rev. C.H. SPURGEON,\n\nof London, and part of a new and original serial story of thrilling\ninterest, written specially for this journal, a number of pictures,\nshort stories, anecdotes, etc.\n\nSingle copies, three cents; sold by all newsdealers. If not on\nsale, can be ordered. Special terms to Agents and Ministers.\n\nAnnual subscription, $1.50. Sample copy free.\n\n    (Below is a reduced fac-simile of a card from Dr. Talmage.)\n\n[Illustration]\n\n          Address, THE MANAGER, 63 Bible House, New York.\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n[Illustration:\n\n  USE\n\n  \u201cOur constant\n  aim is to make them\n  the Finest in the World.\u201d]\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n                           _Horsford\u2019s_\n\n                          ACID PHOSPHATE,\n\n                             [LIQUID]\n\nA preparation of the phosphates that is readily assimilated by the\nsystem.\n\nEspecially recommended for Dyspepsia, Mental and Physical\nExhaustion, Indigestion, Headache, Nervousness, Wakefulness,\nImpaired Vitality, Etc.\n\nPrescribed and endorsed by physicians of all schools.\n\nIt combines well with such stimulants as are necessary to take.\n\n       It makes a delicious drink with water and sugar only.\n\n             RUMFORD CHEMICAL WORKS, PROVIDENCE, R.I.\n\nFor sale by all druggists. Pamphlet free.    =_Beware of Imitations._=\n\n\n                 *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n         PRESS OF HOLT BROTHERS. 119\u2013121 NASSAU ST., N.Y.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber\u2019s Notes:\n\n\nObvious printer\u2019s punctuation errors and omissions have been\ncorrected. Ditto marks have been replaced with the text they\nrepresent to facilitate eBook alignment. Inconsistent hyphenation\nhas been retained due to the multiplicity of authors. Period\nspellings have been retained.\n\nChanged \u201clarcency\u201d to \u201clarceny\u201d on page 341. (eight for grand\nlarceny)\n\nChanged \u201cstragetic\u201d to \u201cstrategic\u201d on page 356. (suited to become\nstrategic)\n\nChanged \u201canuual\u201d to \u201cannual\u201d on page 360. (yield an annual income)\n\nThe advertisement for the Christian Herald has been significantly\nre-arranged to retain the connection between the portraits of\nDr. Talmage and Rev. Spurgeon and the text describing their\ncontributions, regardless of screen shape and size.","title":"The American Missionary \u2014 Volume 41, No. 12, December, 1887","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":34333}