{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_58128/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_58128","id":"gutenberg_58128","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/58128","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - American","Category: Religion/Spirituality","Category: Reports & Conference Proceedings","Category: Teaching & Education","Congregational churches -- Missions -- Periodicals","Home missions -- Periodicals","The American Missionary"],"text":"Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, KarenD and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This\nfile was produced from images generously made available\nby Cornell University Digital Collections)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDOUBLE NUMBER. SEE FOURTH PAGE COVER.\n\n[Illustration:\n\n Volume XXXVI.\n\n DECEMBER, 1882.\n\n NO. 12.\n\n The\n\n American Missionary\n\n \u201cTHEY ARE RISING ALL ARE RISING, THE BLACK AND WHITE TOGETHER\u201d\n\n\n NEW YORK:\n\n Published by the American Missionary Association,\n\n Rooms, 56 Reade Street.\n\n Price, 50 Cents a Year, in Advance.\n\n Entered at the Post-Office at New York, N.Y., as second-class\n matter.]\n\n\n\n\n CONTENTS.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n PAGE.\n\n EDITORIALS.\n\n PARAGRAPH\u2014Financial Outlook. 353\n ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING. 354\n SUMMARY OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TREASURER. 357\n GENERAL SURVEY. 359\n\n\n FREEDMEN.\n\n REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL WORK. 369\n HIGHER EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO. Pres. E. M. Cravath. 370\n REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH WORK. 372\n REMARKS OF REV. C. O. BROWN. 374\n\n\n AFRICA.\n\n REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. 375\n REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PROPOSED EXCHANGE OF\n MISSIONS. 376\n\n\n THE INDIANS.\n\n REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. 377\n WORK AND DUTY IN THE EAST. Gen. S. C. Armstrong. 378\n\n\n THE CHINESE.\n\n REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. 380\n ADDRESS OF REV. JAMES BRAND, D.D. 381\n\n\n MISCELLANEOUS.\n\n REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. 383\n PETITION OF PRESIDENT WARE AND OTHERS. 384\n EXCHANGE OF MISSIONS. By Secretary Strieby. 385\n\n\n ADDRESSES AT THE ANNUAL MEETING.\n\n PRESIDENT HAYS\u2019 ADDRESS. 391\n ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT A. D. WHITE. 395\n ADDRESS OF REV. A. G. HAYGOOD, D.D. 399\n FROM ADDRESS OF GEN. C. B. FISK. 406\n FROM ADDRESS OF REV. A. J. F. BEHRENDS. 407\n RELATION OF THE A. M. A. TO CIVILIZATION, By Rev.\n F. L. Kenyon. 409\n\n\n DEDICATION OF LIVINGSTONE MISSIONARY HALL. 410\n\n\n RECEIPTS. 411\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nAmerican Missionary Association,\n\n56 READE STREET, NEW YORK.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n PRESIDENT, HON. WM. B. WASHBURN, Mass.\n\n\n CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.\n\n Rev. M. E. STRIEBY. D.D., 56 _Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n\n TREASURER.\n\n H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., 56 _Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n\n DISTRICT SECRETARIES.\n\n Rev. C. L. Woodworth, _Boston_.\n Rev. G. D. Pike, D.D., _New York_.\n Rev. James Powell, _Chicago_.\n\n\nCOMMUNICATIONS\n\nrelating To the work of the Association may be addressed to the\nCorresponding Secretary; those Relating To the collecting fields,\nto the District Secretaries; letters for the Editor of the\n\u201cAmerican Missionary,\u201d to Rev. G. D. Pike, D.D., at the New York\nOffice.\n\n\nDONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS\n\nmay be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York,\nor, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, Rev. C.\nL. Woodworth, Dist. Sec., 21 Congregational House, Boston, Mass.,\nor Rev. James Powell, Dist. Sec., 112 West Washington Street,\nChicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a\nLife Member. Letters relating to boxes and barrels of clothing may\nbe addressed to the persons above named.\n\n\nFORM OF A BEQUEST.\n\n\u201cI BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of \u2014\u2014\u2014 dollars,\nin trust, to pay the same in \u2014\u2014\u2014 days after my decease to the\nperson who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the\n\u2018American Missionary Association\u2019 of New York City, to be applied,\nunder the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association,\nto its charitable uses and purposes.\u201d The Will should be attested\nby three witnesses.\n\n\nThe Annual Report of the A. M. A. contains the Constitution of the\nAssociation and By-Laws of the Executive Committee. A copy will be\nsent free on application.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\n The\n\n AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\n\n * * * * *\n\n VOL. XXXVI. DECEMBER, 1882. No. 12.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nAmerican Missionary Association.\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe annual meeting of this Association was held in Plymouth Church,\nCleveland, O., Oct. 24\u201326, and was one of great interest. In this\nnumber of the MISSIONARY we have endeavored to give a glimpse\nof what was said and done. For want of space, almost nothing is\npublished entire except the reports of the committees.\n\nFor Dr. Goodell\u2019s sermon on \u201cMore Power from Christ for the World\u2019s\nLarger Needs,\u201d Dr. Ward\u2019s paper on \u201cCaste in Education,\u201d Dr.\nNoble\u2019s on \u201cGod\u2019s Way of Vindicating Brotherhood\u201d and Dr. Roy\u2019s on\n\u201cThe New South,\u201d we must for the present refer our readers to _The\nAdvance_ of November 2d.\n\nThe papers read before the Women\u2019s Meeting by Mrs. Andrews, Miss\nCahill and Miss Hamilton are reserved for mention in the January\nMISSIONARY.\n\nThe addresses given by Dr. Gregory, Dr. Rust and Mr. Beard,\nrepresenting the Baptist, the Methodist and the Society of Friends\nmay be used in compiling a pamphlet relating to the work done\namong the freedmen. Other addresses or papers may also be given in\npamphlet form.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nTHE FINANCIAL OUTLOOK.\n\nThat part of the report of the Committee on Finances at our\nAnnual Meeting which says: \u201cMore ample facilities for church and\neducational work bring with them larger demands for funds, so that\nsimply to preserve its efficiency in fields already occupied, the\nAssociation requires an annual increase in contributions,\u201d will be\nreadily appreciated by all who are accustomed to study the laws of\ngrowth. Every new building either for school or church purposes;\nevery additional scholar, whether among the Negroes, Indians or\nChinese; every church and school organized, calls for enlarged\nexpenditures. The recommendation at Cleveland that $50,000 be added\nto the current income of the Association for general uses during\nthe next fiscal year is based on sound business principles. It is\nnot one dollar more than will be required to give the greatest\nefficiency to our operations. As in the past, so in the future we\nmust have, if we do what is pressing to be done, money for special\npurposes.\n\n1. The church work, that has grown so steadily under our care,\nrequires $10,000 for enlargement the coming year.\n\n2. The work contemplated among the Indians, in addition to that\ncarried on by us during the past year, will also require at least\n$20,000.\n\n3. We have purchased fourteen acres of land at Little Rock, Ark.,\nfor a site for the Edward Smith college, and need $25,000 in\naddition to the amount pledged to provide the buildings needful.\n\n4. We need a new dormitory at Austin, Tex. Allen Hall was crowded\nto its utmost the day the present school year was opened, and among\nthe first duties of the teachers was the painful one of turning\nneedy students away.\n\nThe committee at Cleveland, in urging that $375,000 be raised for\nthe coming year, observes that, \u201cWhile the receipts for the past\ntwo years have been more than $100,000 larger than in the two years\nnext preceding them, the expense of raising and disbursing these\nfunds and managing the affairs of the Association has increased\nless than $400 per annum, thus showing that the Association is\nfully equipped for a much larger work without additional cost\nfor the machinery of administration.\u201d We never were in such good\ncondition to do the work we have in hand so economically, wisely\nand successfully as at present, and there never was a time when the\nwelfare of the nation and the cause of Christ were more fruitful\nwith promise. The voice of the whole people, North, South, East and\nWest, is calling upon us to go forward with renewed strength. Shall\nwe have the means needful?\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING.\n\nThe thirty-sixth Annual Meeting of the American Missionary\nAssociation was held in Plymouth Church, Cleveland, Ohio, on\nTuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, October 24th to 26th, 1882.\n\nPromptly at three o\u2019clock Tuesday afternoon, the meeting of the\nAssociation was called to order by the President, Hon. William B.\nWashburn, of Massachusetts. Devotional services were conducted\nby Prof. John Morgan, of Oberlin, after which Gov. Washburn, on\nassuming the chair for the first time, said:\n\n\u201cI appear before you on this occasion with feelings of a mixed\ncharacter; partly painful, partly pleasing\u2014painful when I reflect\nthat your expectations in regard to the presiding officer whom\nyou have lately selected probably never will be realized;\npleasing\u2014doubly pleasing\u2014to remember that I have received the\nsupport of so distinguished an organization as has invited me to\npreside over its deliberations.\n\n\u201cLet me, then, first of all, thank you for the honor conferred,\nand assure you that no effort of mine shall be wanting to meet the\ndemands of the occasion.\n\n\u201cI know full well the many trials and difficulties which this\nSociety has been called upon to pass through in the past. Your\nlabors have been for the most part among the neglected and despised\nraces of our country. Society rests upon selfish principles.\nMen respect the honored and the elevated, not the despised and\nthe down-trodden. Hence a great portion of the labors of this\norganization has been unknown and uncared-for by the great majority\nof mankind; and yet it is in the midst of such degradation that\nwe get the brightest glimpses of Christianity, the widest and\nbroadest views of humanity. The aspect to-day which we witness\nof endeavoring to raise even the lowest masses of mankind into\nintellectual, moral and spiritual dignity, never was broader than\nat the present hour. Take courage, then, and feel that your labors\nhave not been in vain. The success which has attended your efforts\nduring the past year, the wonderful increase of the means which\nhave been provided this organization by an enlarged constituency,\nthe bright aspect of the future, ought to strengthen the hands and\nencourage the hearts of all who are interested in this organization\nto make greater sacrifices, if need be, in the future than have\never been made in the past.\n\n\u201cEvery true citizen, every real patriot ought to feel to-day a\nspecial interest in the prosperity and the success of this Society.\n\n\u201cIt has been well said that essential to the perpetuity of our\nrepublican institutions are two conditions: Popular intelligence\nand popular morality. In other words, in order that free\ninstitutions may be preserved, there must be general intelligence\nand sound morals. Hence, two institutions are essential\u2014schools\nand Christian churches. Free institutions without intelligence can\nexist only in name. It is moral, not physical ills which we have to\nfear. While the people themselves remain pure no human force can\nprevail against them.\n\n\u201cWhen four millions of slaves were suddenly set free the great\nproblem to solve was, what shall we do with them? To-day each vote\nof those individuals counts as much in the ballot-box as the vote\nof the most distinguished and intelligent citizen in the land.\nWould we preserve, therefore, and hand down to our children those\ninstitutions which were entrusted to our charge by our fathers, and\nwhich have been shedding on us blessings to which all other nations\nare perfect strangers, then we must educate and Christianize these\nmillions of new-born citizens. I honor this organization especially\nto-day because it has done more than all other instrumentalities,\nperhaps, combined to bring about this grand result. Let no one,\nthen, be discouraged or falter at the magnitude of the work; for,\nif we rise to the level of our opportunity, if we are true to\nourselves, victory will sooner or later be ours.\u201d\n\nRev. George R. Merrill, of Ohio, was then elected Secretary, and\nRev. S. M. Newman, of Wisconsin, Assistant Secretary.\n\nThe Treasurer, H. W. Hubbard, Esq., then read his report, which was\nreferred to the Committee on Finance.\n\nThe annual report of the Executive Committee of the Association was\npresented by Rev. M. E. Strieby, D.D., Corresponding Secretary of\nthe Society, and its several portions were referred to appropriate\ncommittees.\n\nAfter the appointment of the various committees, the remainder of\nthe session was devoted to prayer and conference, led by Rev. C. L.\nWoodworth, District Secretary of the Association. This season of\nprayer derived special interest from the fact that the same hour\nwas observed by the workers throughout the field.\n\nTuesday evening, after devotional services, led by Rev. Arthur\nLittle, D.D., of Chicago, the annual sermon was preached by Rev. C.\nL. Goodell, D.D., of St. Louis, from the text, Matthew 28:18, the\ntheme being \u201cMore Power from Christ for the World\u2019s Larger Needs.\u201d\n\nAfter the sermon, Rev. J. E. Twichell, D.D., presented an address\nof welcome in behalf of the churches and people of Cleveland. The\nobservance of the Lord\u2019s Supper followed, at which Rev. T. M.\nPost, D.D., of St. Louis, and President J. H. Fairchild, D.D., of\nOberlin, presided.\n\nWednesday morning the prayer meeting was conducted by Rev. H.\nL. Hubbell, of New York. At the opening of the regular session\nat nine o\u2019clock, the report of the Committee on the Revision of\nthe Constitution of the Association was presented by Rev. George\nM. Boynton, of Massachusetts. A general discussion followed, in\nwhich the speakers were limited to ten minutes each, and which was\nclosed promptly at half-past ten o\u2019clock. On motion, the report\nwas made the order for two o\u2019clock in the afternoon. Rev. F. L.\nKenyon, of Iowa, read a paper on \u201cThe Relation of the A. M. A.\nto Civilization.\u201d Gen. S. C. Armstrong, of Hampton, Va., read a\npaper on \u201cThe Indian Problem,\u201d which was followed by a few remarks\nfrom Father Potter, of Ohio, formerly for about twenty years a\nmissionary among the Cherokee Indians. Rev. W. H. Ward, D.D., of\nNew York, read a paper on \u201cCaste in Education.\u201d\n\nAfter the opening of the Wednesday afternoon session with prayer,\nthe order of the day was taken up and the report of the Committee\non the Constitution was referred to a special committee of\nthirteen, to reconsider the whole subject, and report at the next\nAnnual Meeting, after having obtained an expression of opinion\nfrom each of the State Congregational organizations. An invitation\nwas presented to the Association from Mr. and Mrs. D. P. Eells\nto visit Oakwood on Friday morning, which was received with an\nexpression of thanks. Rev. F. A. Noble, D.D., of Illinois, read a\npaper on \u201cGod\u2019s way of vindicating Brotherhood.\u201d The report of the\nCommittee on African Missions was presented by Rev. M. McG. Dana,\nD.D., of Minnesota. Rev. Henry M. Ladd, D.D., of New York, using\na large map, gave an account of his recent extended missionary\nexplorations on the Upper Nile. Rev. M. E. Strieby, D.D., Secretary\nof the Association, read a Paper in regard to the proposed exchange\nof Missions with the A. B. C. F. M., and a special committee was\nappointed to which the paper was referred. Rev. James Brand, D.D.,\nof Ohio, presented the report of the Committee on Chinese Missions.\n\nWednesday evening, after opening with devotional exercises, Rev.\nA. G. Haygood, D.D., of Georgia, delivered an interesting address,\nfollowed by addresses from Gen. Clinton B. Fisk, of New York, and\nRev. A. J. F. Behrends, D.D., of Rhode Island.\n\nThursday morning the prayer-meeting was led by Rev. Moses Smith, of\nMichigan. The business session was opened with prayer by Prof. A.\nH. Currier, of Oberlin, after which Rev. W. E. Brooks, President of\nTillotson Institute, Texas, presented the claims of the work there.\nThe report on Indian Missions was presented by Rev. A. H. Ross,\nD.D., of Michigan. Prof. G. F. Wright, of Ohio, next presented the\nreport on the Educational Work at the South, and was followed by\nMr. B. F. Ousley, a graduate of Fisk University, who spoke upon\nthe report, and also by Prof. A. Salisbury, the recently appointed\nsuperintendent of the educational work of the Association. Rev. E.\nM. Cravath, President of Fisk University, read a paper on \u201cHigher\nEducation.\u201d Rev. Arthur Little, D.D., of Chicago, presented the\nreport of the Committee on Church Work, which was followed by\naddresses from Rev. C. O. Brown and Mr. Geo. W. Moore, a graduate\nof Fisk University.\n\nThe Woman\u2019s Missionary Meeting was held at nine o\u2019clock Thursday\nmorning in the chapel of the church, when papers were read by Mrs.\nG. W. Andrews, of Talladega, Ala., Miss Annie Cahill, of Nashville,\nTenn., and Miss Hamilton, of Memphis, Tenn.\n\nThursday afternoon the session was opened with devotional\nexercises. The Committee on the proposed transfer of missions\nreported, through Rev. M. McG. Dana, D.D., of Minnesota, favoring\nthe general plan, but making it a condition that the interests of\nthe work already in hand be not sacrificed, and with this condition\nreferring the whole subject to the Executive Committee of the\nAssociation, with power. The report was accepted and adopted. A\npetition was presented by President Ware, of Atlanta University,\nrequesting the appointment of a committee to define the policy of\nthe Association with reference to its work among the different\nraces, which was referred to the Executive Committee. The officers\nof the Association were re-elected for the ensuing year. Addresses\nwere then made by Rev. J. M. Gregory, D.D., of Washington, D.C.,\nrepresenting the work of the Baptists at the South, and by Rev. R.\nS. Rust, D.D., of Ohio, representing the Methodists, and by Elkanah\nBeard, representing the Friends in the same field. These brethren\nwere received in a spirit of cordial fellowship and co-operation.\nRev. J. E. Roy, D.D., Field Superintendent of the Association,\nread a paper on \u201cThe New South.\u201d The concluding address of the\nsession was made by Secretary Strieby, representing the work of the\nCongregational churches at the South. The report of the Finance\nCommittee was presented by J. G. W. Cowles, Esq. Thursday evening a\nmass meeting was held in the Tabernacle. The music was furnished by\na choir of seventy-five voices from Oberlin, under the leadership\nof Prof. F. B. Rice. After devotional exercises, addresses were\nmade upon \u201cThe National Problem of Southern Education,\u201d by\nex-President R. B. Hayes, of Ohio: President A. D. White, of\nCornell University, and by Hon. J. L. M. Curry, of Virginia.\nRev. G. D. Pike, D.D., in behalf of the Association, tendered\na resolution of thanks to the churches and people of Cleveland\nfor their hospitality, and to the committees, pastors, choir and\nrailroads for their kindness in contributing to the success of the\nmeetings.\n\nIt was the prevailing feeling that the meeting at Cleveland was, on\nthe whole, a great success. Although there were other attractions\nwhich drew many away, yet the attendance was large, and at the\nclosing session there were over three thousand present. The weather\nwas fine, the papers presented of a high order, and the interest\nfrom beginning to end unabated. Nothing was lacking in the way of\npreparation, and with the impetus of this meeting resting upon it,\nthe Association takes courage and looks forward to another year of\nwork with renewed faith and hope.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nSUMMARY OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TREASURER OF THE AMERICAN\nMISSIONARY ASSOCIATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPT. 30th, 1882.\n\n * * * * *\n\n RECEIPTS.\n\n From Churches, Sabbath-schools, Missionary\n Societies and Individuals $186,166.62\n From Estates and Legacies 78,612.47\n From Income. Sundry Funds 7,701.04\n From Tuition and Public Funds 24,400.22\n From Rents, Southern Property 704.10\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014$297,584.45\n Balance on hand Sept. 30th, 1881 518.80\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n $298,103.25\n ===========\n\n EXPENDITURES.\n\n _The South._\n\n For Church and Educational Work, Lands,\n Buildings, etc. $230,733.07\n\n _The Chinese._\n\n For Superintendent, Teachers, Rent, etc. 12,454.45\n\n _The Indians._\n\n For Missionaries and Student Aid 2,020.00\n\n _Foreign Missions._\n\n Mendi Mission:\n For Superintendent, Missionaries, Supplies,\n etc. 9,548.70\n For John Brown Steamer, amt. transferred 7,002.43\n\n Jamaica Mission:\n For support of aged Missionary 250.00\n\n _Publication Account._\n\n For American Missionary (22,000 Monthly),\n Annual Reports (1,500), Circulars, Clerk\n Hire, Postage, etc. 9,043.38\n\n _Cost of Collecting Funds._\n\n BOSTON OFFICE.\n\n For Salary Rev. G. L. Woodworth,\n Dist. Sec. $2,500.00\n For Salary Rev. Lewis Grout, Agent 900.00\n For Traveling Expenses of Dist. Sec.\n and Agent 613.21\n For Clerk Hire, Rent, Printing,\n Postage, etc. 1,628.27\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 5,641.48\n\n CHICAGO OFFICE.\n\n For Salary Rev. James Powell, Dist.\n Sec. 2,500.00\n For Traveling Expenses 540.16\n For Clerk Hire, Postage, Stationery,\n etc. 700.20\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 3,740.36\n\n MIDDLE DISTRICT.\n\n For Salary Rev. O. D. Pike, D.D.,\n Dist. Sec. 2,500.00\n For Salary Rev. O. H. White, D.D.,\n Special Work 355.00\n For Trav. Expenses, Printing,\n Postage, etc. 178.70\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 3,033.70\n\n _Cost of Administration._\n\n For Salary Rev. M. E. Strieby, D.D.,\n Cor. Sec. 3,500.00\n For Clerk Hire for Cor. Sec. 1,720.00\n For Salary of H. W. Hubbard, Treas. 2,500.00\n For Clerk Hire 1,200.00\n For Rent, Stationery, Printing,\n Furniture, Janitor, Expressage,\n Postage, Trav. Ex., etc. 3,336.99\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 12,256.99\n\n _Miscellaneous._\n\n For Expenses in settlement of Legacies 157.25\n For Expenses of Annual Meeting 515.91\n For Amounts paid Annuitants, balance 850.86\n For Amounts refunded, sent Treas. by\n mistake 64.84 1,588.86\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n $297,313.42\n Balance in hand Sept. 30th, 1882 789.83\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014$298,103.25\n ===========\n\n _Endowment Funds received_, 1881\u201382.\n\n President\u2019s Chair. Talladega College $15,000.00\n Graves\u2019 Theo. Scholarships, for Talladega\n College 5,000.00\n Belden Scholarship, Bond of Oregon Short-Line\n Railway Co., for Talladega College 1,000.00\n Fisk University Scholarship, Note of Gen.\n C. B. Fisk 500.00\n\n _Statement of Arthington Mission Fund, for Africa._\n\n Balance in hand Sept. 30th, 1881 25,477.53\n Received from Oct. 1, 1881, to Sept. 30, 1882 5,172.92\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 $30,650.45\n Amount expended 9,280.53\n Balance in hand Sept. 30, 1881 21,369.92\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 30,650.45\n\n _Statement of Stone Fund._\n\n Balance in hand Sept. 30, 1881 72,868.03\n Income in part 655.47\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 73,523.50\n\n Expended as follows:\n Fisk University, Livingstone Missionary Hall,\n balance 37,523.50\n Atlanta University, Stone Hall, in part 25,081.30\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n $62,604.80\n Balance in hand 10,918.70\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 73,523.50\n\n RECAPITULATION.\n\n American Missionary Association, Current Fund $297,584.45\n Endowments for Talladega College 21,000.00\n Endowment for Fisk University 500.00\n Arthington Fund, appropriated and used during\n the year 9,280.53\n Stone Fund, appropriated and used during the\n year 62,604.80\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n $390,969.78\n\n The receipts of Berea College, Hampton N. and\n A. Institute, and State appropriation of\n Georgia to Atlanta University, are added\n below, as presenting at one view the\n contributions of the same constituency for\n the general work in which the Association\n is engaged:\n American Missionary Association $390,969.78\n Berea College 23,179.00\n Hampton N. and A. Institute (beside amount\n through A. M. A.) 87,865.16\n Atlanta University 8,000.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n $510,113.94\n ===========\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nGENERAL SURVEY.\n\n\nFREEDMEN.\n\nThese our fellow-citizens are proving the wisdom of the Government\nin putting upon them the responsibilities of the elective franchise\nas at once their defense and their process of education. Taking\ninto account their own aspiration and the force put beneath them by\nthe scheme of Christian schools, we should expect, as we find, a\ntremendous uplift among them. In this we have assurance as to the\nfuture, provided the appliances be worked with increasing vigor.\nThere is in this matter no halting place for the nation. We must\nlift them up, or they will drag us down. As one of these helping\nforces, we come to our own\n\n\n_Educational Work._\n\nOur system of schools during the year has been working with its\nfull force, and its appliances have been materially extended.\nThe large additions made to our accommodations provided the year\nbefore were at once taxed to their utmost, thus proving that our\nappreciation of the necessity was correct, and that our appeal for\nthe extension had not been made too soon nor too strong. And the\nenlargement secured during this closing year is now met with the\nresponse, \u201cwe, too, are full to overflowing.\u201d Of the buildings\nput up the year before, the two dormitories at Hampton, one for\nIndian and one for colored youth, have had no empty rooms; at the\nAtlanta University, the wing built to the Girls\u2019 Hall by the Stone\nFund did not have capacity enough for the overflow of the main\nstructure; the Strieby Hall at Tougaloo, brought to completion and\ndedicated since the opening of the year, had to be supplemented in\nan extempore way; the Stone Hall at Talladega for boys was filled;\nthe Stone Hall at New Orleans for girls, and for the family of\nteachers, was only opened to find the need of a boys\u2019 hall; and\nthe Tillotson Institute at Austin, turning the ends of halls into\napartments, calls loudly for another building.\n\nDuring this year, at the Fisk University, the Livingstone\nMissionary Hall has been brought to completion and furnished,\nproviding dormitories for 121 male students, also a chapel,\nlibrary and recitation rooms. The total cost, $60,000, came from\nthe Stone Fund. This structure, which, in its name, embraces the\nhighest idea of the greatest African explorer, is next Monday to\ncome to its dedication, and some of our friends are to go hence\nto participate in that service\u2014the address to be delivered by\nProfessor Northrop, of Yale College. At the Atlanta University, the\nStone Hall, as the central building of the group, has been erected\nat an expense of $40,000, and will soon be ready for occupancy.\nGreatly commodious, and comely enough to relieve the plainness\nof the halls on either side, it will furnish a chapel, library,\nreading room and recitation rooms. This structure, as well as the\nStone Halls at Nashville, Talladega and New Orleans, has had the\nwise supervision of Prof. T. N. Chase, who has occupied, meantime,\nhis favorite chair of Greek, and who, as a builder, has shown the\nrare gift of always keeping within his appropriations. At Macon,\nGa., to the Lewis High School we have built a two-room \u201cannex,\u201d to\nwhich also was added a wing for the library which is there growing\nup. At Athens, Ga., our Knox Institute has been renovated, and in\nit a chapel fitted up for the new church. At Mobile, Ala., our\nEmerson Institute, that had been burned the second time, has been\nrebuilt upon an enlarged scale, and at an expense not far beyond\nthe insurance money. At Talladega, the President\u2019s house has been\nfinished, and two cottages on land adjoining our premises have been\nbought for the use of two of our mission families, one of them\nbeing named after Mr. Seth Wadhams, of Chicago, who gave the $1,500\nfor the purchase. At Marion, a house was built for a parish school.\nAt Athens, the Trinity School Building to accommodate 150 scholars\nand the family of teachers, has been completed at a cost to the\nAssociation of $8,000. For this the colored people themselves made\nthe needed two hundred thousand brick, mixing the clay by the\ntramp of their one small steer, and they have their proportionate\ninterest in the property. At the laying of the corner stone, the\nlocal editor, the Postmaster and the Principal of the Ladies\u2019\nSeminary of the place, made appreciative addresses, and Miss Wells\nhad her Jubilee. In Little Rock, Ark., at a cost of $5,500, we have\nbought and fenced a tract of 14 acres, overlooking that city, as a\nsite for the Edward Smith College, which has been chartered by the\nState, being so named from a gentleman in Massachusetts who gave\nthe money to buy the land, and who to a surplus now in hand intends\nto add enough to make his donation $19,000. This institution is\ngreatly needed in that grandly opening State, where there is,\nas yet, no provision for the higher education of the colored\npeople. This last planting will about complete our circle of State\ninstitutions. At Fayetteville, Ark., our Howard School Building has\nbeen overhauled, and in it we have re-opened our own school. So at\nLexington, Ky., we have refitted our High School Building, and have\nresumed our own school, the city for the last six years having had\nthe use of the house. At Camp Nelson, the trustees of the Academy\nare erecting a new three-story building under the lead of the Rev.\nJohn G. Fee.\n\nAt the South we count 8 chartered institutions, 11 high and normal\nschools, and 38 common schools\u2014in all 57. During the year we have\nemployed 241 teachers, an increase over the last year of 11. Of\nthese, 13 have performed the duties of matrons and 15 have been\nengaged in the business departments. The number of students has\nbeen 9,608, a gain of 500 over last year. Of these, 72 have been in\nthe theological department, 28 in the law, 104 in the collegiate,\n139 in the preparatory, 2,542 in the normal, 1,103 in the grammar,\n2,185 in the intermediate, and 3,481 in the primary.\n\nThe theological departments at Howard, Talladega and Straight have\nbeen doing their good work in training upon the ground just the\nsort of men who are needed for the peculiar work to be done. Fisk\nUniversity has three of its graduates in the study of theology at\nOberlin, and one in a divinity school at Yale. The law department\nof the Straight, with a faculty made up of five of the best lawyers\nin New Orleans, has had 20 students, who are of both races, and\nwho, upon their diplomas, by the statute, are admitted to the\nbar of all the courts of the State. We are pushing more and more\nthe lines of industrial training. The two farms at Talladega and\nTougaloo have this year been put into better shape than ever\nbefore. Tougaloo raises fine fruits for the Chicago market and\nfine stock for the surrounding country. Both raise much of the\nbeef and pork and vegetables for their own use. Atlanta University\nis pushing fine gardening, teaching the girls of the senior\nclass cookery, and is planning to go into a school of carpentry.\nThe Fisk, this year, under a trained hospital nurse, introduces\nhygienics and cookery. The Le Moyne, at Memphis, teaches cooking,\nnursing and sewing. All of our boarding-schools require a certain\namount of work. The Storrs school, in Atlanta, has opened this\nfall a genuine kindergarten under an expert teacher. The Avery\nInstitute, at Charleston, is going into the same, with training\nalso in the use of tools.\n\nBut to all intellectual and secular training there needs to be\nadded moral and religious cultivation. This is kept as our steady\naim. No teacher is sent out who is not in fellowship with some\nchurch, and who does not profess to be actuated in going by a\nmissionary spirit. The large number of conversions, the frequent\nrevivals in these institutions, and the developed fruit of good\nliving, attest the fidelity of these missionary teachers. The\njudgment day alone can reveal the influence of these consecrated\nworkers, the most of whom are women, upon the life and character of\nthe multitude of youth who have been under their care. The pupils\nare watched over in the class-room, in the place of religious\nassembly, and out of school hours. They are invited to private\nconferences for the correction of habits and views, and there the\nconcerns of the soul are considered; scholars are prayerfully\nfollowed up even into vacation by correspondence, until not a few\nin these ways are led to Christ and into His church. The most of\nour young men, who are examined for entering the ministry, in\ngiving their religious history, trace it back to the time when they\nwere led to the Saviour by some of their teachers, whose richest\nreward it must be to see these young men coming into the ministry\nwith ample equipment largely through their own influence. Women\u2019s\nwork for women is the modern discovery of missions. Of those who go\nabroad, their work is largely that of teaching. Our lady workers,\nof whom we have 200, besides the 40 in Howard, Hampton and Berea,\nwho are reckoned as teachers, are usually missionaries as really\nas those who go abroad, or go South under that title. Of this last\nclass of workers, of whom we have twelve, there are some who are\nvery apostles in the garb of womanly delicacy. They teach mothers\nand daughters things which belong to their sex; they lead to the\ntidiness and comfort of home; they gather the maternal meetings and\nlead in the same; they labor in revivals; they become assistant\npastors, being often, as the young pastors testify, their own best\nteachers and guides. The soldiers of the Union are worthy of all\nthe praise and the gratitude they have received, but here has been\na small army of heroines, who, forgetful of the best chances, came\nafter the pomp of war, to serve not for three years, but for ten,\ntwelve, fifteen, seventeen years, growing gray by work and by the\nanxieties and privations of the field, breaking down in health\nand wearing out their lives, ostracised and despised by those\nabout them, who ought to have given sympathy and succor, and not\nsustained as they should have been at home, of whom the world is\nnot worthy, but who must have a large place in the heart of Him,\nwho, in their isolation, has been the companion of each one, and\nwho, at the last, shall say, \u201cShe hath done what she could, she\nhath chosen the good part.\u201d\n\nBefore the war and since, the wealthy people at the South had a\nfull supply of colleges and seminaries, besides the free use of\nthe best institutions in the North, so that their children were\nwell educated. But there was a class of white people who could\navail themselves of no such advantages and for whom there were no\nfree public schools. As a consequence they fell into a distressing\nstate of ignorance and poverty; they lost aspiration; they felt\nthemselves in a hopeless class; and they are just there now. From\nthe beginning our institutions have been open to pupils of all\nraces. As yet the colored youth have been almost alone in entering\nthem. But it is thought that, as they shall be seen shooting\nahead, as prejudice shall wear away, many of these worthy white\nyoung people will go where they can get an education, a better\none, and at a less cost, than anywhere else. A Confederate Colonel\nsays that this will come about in ten years. Already in the\nmedical department of the Howard University, of the 93 students\ntwo-thirds are white, while some of the Professors are colored,\nthough accomplished in their profession. In the law department\nof the Straight at New Orleans there are more white than colored\nstudents. Some of the best teachers in the white public schools\nof Atlanta have visited the class-rooms of our University there,\nwith the purpose frankly avowed of making improvement in the art\nof teaching. In the country white teachers have gone to those\nwho had been trained at Atlanta to learn their normal methods of\ninstruction and of management. May not such yet say we will go to\nthat training school for ourselves, and get those improvements at\nfirst hand? We have one notable illustration of what may be done,\nand that is at Berea, Ky. This college, planted before the war by\nthe Association, upon being opened after the war, allowed colored\nscholars to come. After some effervescence the institution settled\ninto its color-blind method, until it has become a great power\nin the State with the colors in about equal proportion among the\nstudents and at the grand commencement convocations. Some of the\nyoung folks coming down from the mountains to Berea say they would\nrather go there than to endure the manners of the aristocratic\ncolleges. The citizens of Cabin Creek, Ky., our old ante-bellum\nbattle ground, are just now erecting an Academy with the money\nsubscribed upon the condition of no caste. The influence of Berea\nCollege is felt up in all the mountain country. White youth come\ndown there to get stores of knowledge to carry back. The Professors\nhave gone through that region lecturing on education, holding\nteachers\u2019 institutes and preaching. At Clover Bottom, 20 miles\nout, they have gotten up such a mixed school, which is a success,\nand is now under the patronage of this Association. The Committee\nhave decided to offer those mountain people the aid of our system,\nif they will only allow the very few colored scholars to enter\nthe schools. Up there the colored children in a whole county are\nscarcely numerous enough to call for more than one school, and\nso the law forbidding such mixed public schools is a virtual\nclosing of the doors of knowledge to this class. The Committee\nhave made an appropriation for this work and have already had\ntheir Field Superintendent upon a tour of exploration\u2014his report\nbeing favorable to kind, patient, persevering endeavor to get the\nschool-master abroad through a region wherein whole counties the\nfew school-houses are cabins with scarcely a glass window in them.\n\nIn the growth of the educational department and in the purpose\nof the Committee to do the very best work in our institutions,\nit has been found needful to secure the service of an expert in\nschool processes who should help to the most approved methods of\norganization, discipline, instruction and unification. Accordingly\nMr. Albert Salisbury, who had been a Professor in the State Normal,\nat Whitewater, Wis., and a conductor of teachers\u2019 institutes, has\nbeen appointed Superintendent of Education, and has already entered\nupon service, giving promise of great effectiveness in his line.\nDoctor Roy will continue in his position as Field Superintendent.\n\n\n_Church Work._\n\nAt the first some of our best friends thought that the Association\nwas too slow in its church work; but all now, we think, agree\nthat the wisdom of experience justifies the process which mainly\nthrough our schools grows its own timber, out of which to build\nits churches, taking the young people thus trained and the adults\nwho are converted to the standard of Christian living and away\nfrom the superstitions and immoralities of the old time. At first\nview this would seem to be a tedious process. But it is surprising\nhow soon the youth run up to maturity and to become the leaders\nof churches, the best of which have come on by this nurture. Then\nthere are some adult people, noble natures, of a childlike spirit,\nwho gain by absorption and take on the ideas of the younger folks.\nIn this way, through these seventeen years since the war, our\nchurches have come on from two or three to number 83, which is an\naverage of five a year. Nor are these merely skeleton churches.\nEvery one of these 83 has a pastor, except one whose minister\ndied a short time ago. Of the 73 ministers who serve these 83\nchurches, 22 are from the North, and 51 are native preachers.\nEvery one of these churches except seven has its own house of\nworship, or chapel, and there are only four of these that depend\nupon the college chapels for their places of religious assembly.\nSome of these are rude in structure; the most are plain but comely;\nfour or five are of brick and of commanding appearance; all are\nblessed sanctuaries. Many friends, in going through the South,\nare pleasantly disappointed in finding these churches so well\nhoused. Nor, for young churches, are these deficient in encouraging\nnumbers. They have a total of 5,641 members, an average of 68,\nwhile the average membership of the Congregational churches west of\nthe Mississippi River is only 45, and of all west of Pennsylvania,\n63. The additions on profession were 709; the Sunday-school\nscholars numbered 1,835; the amount raised for church purposes\n$9,306, and the benevolent contributions reached $1,496.50.\n\nIt is beautiful to see how readily these plain people take up the\nNew Testament idea of church government, and how this natural\nprocess tends to their education and discipline of character.\nHerein we find confirmation that the Apostle made no mistake in\nsetting up such churches among the Christians of his day who had\nnot been trained in New England. These churches in the South are\nknown everywhere as insisting upon a high standard of ethics. Their\nexample, their methods, their influence, are greatly stimulating\nto the churches round about them, so that by quality they make\nup in part for want of quantity. These churches are organized\ninto seven conferences. Many persons have smiled upon reading\nthe reports of these convocations, and have wondered how such\nan ecclesiastical body would seem, whether its members were not\nsimply playing at an ecclesiastical parliament. Our suggestion is,\ncome and see. If you were to come, you would find a fulfillment\nof the Saviour\u2019s words, \u201cAll ye are brethren,\u201d the white and the\ncolored being members of the same body. You would find a rigidity\nof parliamentary usage. You would find literary exercises,\ndiscussions, reports, Sunday-school assemblies, devotional services\ngoing on after the manner of those with which you are familiar.\nSome of our brethren testify that these meetings seemed to afford\nas much intellectual and spiritual stimulus as those which they\nwere accustomed to attend before going South. An additional\nfeature of these gatherings is the presence and participation of\nthe lady missionaries and teachers, whose reports are greatly\ninteresting. In Alabama the conference has associated with it a\nLadies\u2019 Missionary Society with auxiliaries in different parts of\nthe State. The exercises of these women\u2019s meetings are not only to\ncultivate the missionary spirit, but to help the wives, mothers and\ndaughters of this people to be missionaries of sweetness and light,\nof order and comfort, in their own homes. These ecclesiastical\nassemblies become not only a representative of our work in its\nspirit and extent, but they become occasions for drawing out the\nfellowship of the pastors and churches, white and colored, where\nthey meet. At first these bodies were ignored. Now it is a common\nthing for the local pastors to drop in upon them, to participate in\nthe exercises and to offer their pulpits for supply. This has been\ndone at Wilmington, Macon, Mobile, Marion and Selma.\n\nDuring the last year, six new churches have been organized, those\nat Williamsburg, Ky.; Cedar Cliff, N.C.; Athens, Ga.; Meridian,\nMiss.; Eureka and Topeka, Kan. All of these are supplied with\npastors. Athens uses the assembly-room of our Knox Institute;\nMeridian for the present rents rooms for the church and school;\nEureka and Topeka have both built houses of worship. New\nmeeting-houses have also been built at Caledonia, Miss.; Fausse\nPoint, La., and Luling, Tex. Paris, Tex., has replaced its big\nshanty by a fine church edifice. Childersburg, Ala., burnt out, has\nrebuilt with great self-denial on the part of the people. Mobile,\nburnt out, is to be accommodated for a time in the assembly-room\nof the Emerson Institute, rebuilt since the fire. The church at\nEast Savannah, blown down, has been rebuilt. The suburban church\nat Louisville, Ga., also blown down, is still in its ruins. At\nFive Mile, out from the city, a mission house has been built. By\nthe wonderful enterprise of their pastor, Rev. A. A. Myers, the\npeople have put up a commodious house at Williamsburg, Ky., in the\nmountain country. The town is sixty years old, and this is the\nfirst church brought to completion, three others having rotted\ndown during the process of building. The church at Clover Bottom,\nKy., has been supplied with a school-house sanctuary through the\naid secured by President Fairchild, of Berea. The great church at\nMidway, Ga., has been finished up. The church at Anniston, Ala.,\nhas been enlarged. So during the year ten churches have been\nerected.\n\nThe closing year has not been without its comforting measure of\nspiritual influence. The dew has been in the fleece of most of\nour churches and schools. In some of them individual cases of\nconversion have been the reward of large faith and zeal. In others,\nclusters of souls have been won to Christ. Distinctive revivals\nhave been enjoyed at Chattanooga and Memphis, Tenn.; McIntosh and\nMacon, Ga.; Marion, Ala.; New Orleans, Talladega College, and in\nthe Fisk, Atlanta and Tougaloo Universities. The total number of\nadditions to our Southern churches on profession is 709. Those\nwho in our missions have been led to Christ but who have gone to\nother churches would nearly double that number. The total number of\nmembers in all our Southern churches is 5,641.\n\n\nAFRICA.\n\nWhen our last annual meeting was in session we had two parties upon\nthe ocean on their way to Africa. Mr. I. J. St. John and Rev. J. M.\nHall were going to reinforce the Mendi Mission, and Superintendent\nLadd and Dr. Snow were going to explore the Upper Nile with\nreference to locating the Arthington Mission if the project should\nprove feasible. Mr. St. John was to be the business manager and to\nhave charge of the John Brown steamer which was to be built. Mr.\nHall, from the theological department of the Howard University, was\nto take charge of the Good Hope Station. He readily got hold of the\nwork and proved himself an acceptable and successful missionary.\nHe has the church, and a native teacher has the school under his\nsupervision. Mr. Hall, being of the sturdy mountain stock of East\nTennessee, has endured the climate well, and we can but hope that\nan extended career of usefulness is before him. Mr. St. John, by\nhis own unavoidable exposure on his voyages between Freetown and\nMendi, and up the rivers to our stations, was himself made sick,\nand so was confirmed in the judgment that called for the steamer as\na means of preserving the health of our missionaries. The English\nGovernor-General of the West Coast agreed with Mr. St. John to give\nthe steamer the carrying of the mail and of all Government freight\nbetween Freetown and Mendi, which is an English dependency. The\ntransportation of supplies for the Mission and the marketing of\nthe lumber of our mill, the only one on the West Coast, call for\nthis steam craft. All views conspire to put down the \u201cJohn Brown\u201d\nas one of the most effective missionaries to be introduced to that\nregion, where there are no roads nor beasts of burden and where\nthe water highway is the main reliance. It was thought best that\nMr. St. John should not take the risk of the first wet season at\nthe Mission, and so he returned to this country, coming over by a\nsailing vessel to save expense. He makes the gratifying report that\nin his intercourse along the coast he found many evidences of the\ngood influence of the Mendi Mission in its training of men who have\ngone out into the ways of business, and who retain their integrity\nof character. He named the noble chief of a tribe where is located\nthe vigorous Shengay Mission, who, with his son, had been educated\nat our Good Hope Station. Rev. A. E. Jackson has continued in\ncharge of the Avery Station and boarding-school. During the year\nthe Mission was afflicted in the death of Rev. J. M. Williams, of\nthe Kaw Mendi Station, who, after having endured fifteen years of\nservice in Africa, succumbed to the disease of diabetes. Rev. Mr.\nJowett, one of the native preachers, is acceptably supplying Mr.\nWilliams\u2019 place at Kaw Mendi. Mr. Jowett has a son now in the Fisk\nUniversity, who gives promise of making himself a useful man in his\nnative land. The other three lads from the Mendi Mission at school\nat Hampton and at Atlanta, are doing well. The Debia Station is\nunder the care of Mr. and Mrs. Goodman.\n\nDr. Ladd and Dr. Snow, having made their long and perilous tour,\nwhich took them up the Nile 2,500 miles, have returned. They report\nno sufficiently inviting location for a mission in the region of\nthe Sobat. They recommend that Khartoum be occupied as a base of\noperations, and that a school be established on the east bank of\nthe river opposite the city, which lies in the junction of the Blue\nand White Niles. That site is quite healthy. They would have a\nsteamer by which to communicate with the Arthington district of the\nUpper Nile. The Executive Committee, of course, had to submit to\nthe inevitable, as indicated by the double revolt, and voted to put\nthe mission into complete abeyance for the time.\n\n\nTHE INDIANS.\n\nThough the Indian once had the continent to himself, he yet seems\nto be \u201cthe man without a country.\u201d And the Christian missions\nwhich have sought to identify him with his native land have with\nhim been driven along before the advancing tide of the white man\u2019s\nmigration. So has it been from the days of Jonathan Edwards,\nJohn Eliot and David Brainard down to these times of the Riggses\nand Williamsons. The Indian missions of this Association have\nfared in the same way, those at Northfield, Mich., and those at\nCass Lake and Red Lake, Minn., which were served by some fifteen\nmissionaries, among them Revs. S. G. Wright, J. B. Bardwell and\nA. Barnard. Of these the venerable Mr. Wright still abides in\nthe service, being now at Leech Lake. Returning this year to his\nfield, he writes: \u201cWe were very happy to find the little company\nof earnest, devoted Christians, whom we left two years before,\nstill faithfully pursuing their work for God. They are truly the\nsalt of the earth, burning lights in this great darkness, the\nspiritual power in the place.\u201d Again he says: \u201cI wish I could\nattend the annual meeting. I should love to give the friends a\nshort history of the conversion and rich Christian experience of\nnumbers of those around us.\u201d Our church at S\u2019Kokomish, Washington\nTerritory, Rev. Myron Eells, pastor, during the year has swarmed,\nseven of its members having taken letters to unite with four\nother Christians of the Clallam Indians to form a Congregational\nChurch at Jamestown. One infant was baptized. A half-dozen white\nneighbors came in and communed with them. Mr. Eells says that the\nservices were held in Chinook, Clallam, English, Chinook translated\ninto Clallam, and English translated into Clallam, a Pentecostal\ngift of tongues. The work of the mother church has been more\nencouraging this year than the last. Five have united with the\nchurch on profession of faith. The service of the agents at the\nS\u2019Kokomish, Fort Berthold and Sisseton agencies has been about as\nusual in routine and outcome. The work that is now going on at\nthe Hampton Institute in the educational and industrial training\nof 89 young Indians of both sexes is truly encouraging; not only\nas to its immediate accomplishment, but as to its future bearings\nupon the welfare of the Indians, and upon the Indian question\nitself. At the last commencement, the Indian classes claimed their\nfull share of attention, and showed an improvement in the general\ncharacter of the pupils over last year. One noted speech was made\nby an Indian youth. Rev. Dr. Bartend, referring to that speech in\nhis address, said: \u201cTwo hundred and fifty years ago there came\nfloating into this beautiful harbor vessels from the old country.\nWhat was their object? What was their hope? The prayer that arose\nfrom their decks was this: \u2018God give us strength that we may\neducate and Christianize the Indian.\u2019 William and Mary College, now\nalmost ready to perish, is the monument of their endeavor. They\ndid not see the answer to their prayer. God works in His own way,\nin His own time, with His own men. Could they see what we to-day\nbehold, they would say, as do we, Speed on. God speed this glorious\nschool.\u201d Although the Association, which founded and developed\nthe Hampton, has surrendered its control to a Board, yet besides\naiding in the support of the pastor, who cares for the three races,\nassociated in the one church of the place, it also makes a special\nappropriation toward the Indian department of the Institute. The\nAssociation will be ready to co-operate with the Government under\nits new appropriation, using some of its own institutions for the\ninstruction and training of Indian youth. It has been proposed\nthat the Association take up a new mission among a neglected tribe\nin the deep Northwest. Gen. Armstrong, by his recent tour among\nthe several Indian tribes of that region, has been able to make\njudicious suggestions which will be duly considered.\n\n\nTHE CHINESE.\n\nBut a little while ago we were praying God to open the door of\nChina; and now the Chinese are pressing in at our own back door,\nhaving a steam ferry between our shore and theirs. Even the\nbuilding of our Chinese wall, while China has been tearing down\nhers, has had the immediate effect of hastening 25,000 of these\npeople in at our Golden Gate before the law should go into effect,\nand this influx has been felt already in our schools, which for the\nlast few months have had a total larger than that of any former\nmonths. Mr. Pond certifies that even the enforcement of the law\nwill not for some time occasion any let up in the pressure upon our\nschool accommodations. We have as stock on hand, as raw material,\nthese 125,000 people whom we should work up in the Christianizing\nway, so that they may be prepared, some for their own mission work\nat home, and some to receive the masses who may come by-and-by\nwhen the embargo is lifted. So that while our government stands at\nthe Golden Gate to warn off any Mayflower immigrants, it may be\nthat this enforced quiet and isolation will become a mighty factor\nin the scheme for Christianizing China. But none the less is it\na ludicrous object lesson that the nation which stands with its\nfront door wide open to receive 90,000 Europeans a month, should\nyet shudder over the 125,000 Mongolians who in many years have\nsought admission at the back door. It is a humiliating confession\nthat 50,000,000 of Christian people, compacted as a nation, should\nshrink from having their system come into contact with the effete\nsuperstitions of 125,000 sojourners. But the politicians\u2019 law is\nonly for ten years. The principle, the conscience of the nation\nwill be at work. The law may become a dead letter or be repealed.\nBefore we are aware of it, the flood-gates may be raised and a\ngreat tide may set in. So, in any event, we have herein a grand\nopportunity, a mighty obligation.\n\nOur last Annual Report mentioned a desire on the part of the\nconverted Chinamen in California and their friends, that a mission\nbe located at some well-chosen point in Southern China, from which\ntheir Christian brethren going back to fatherland might go forth\nto carry the Gospel to their countrymen. Further consideration\nhas settled it that Hong Kong, the centre of the district from\nwhich most of our California Chinamen come, is the proper\nlocation. Such a mission would give a Christian greeting to the\nreturning Christian Chinamen, would furnish an atmosphere and an\ninstrumentality for keeping up their spiritual life, would be a\ntraining-school for those who should become missionaries, would be\na rallying centre there, and would be the point of juncture between\nour work on the coast and that heathen empire. But, as it is the\npurpose of this Association not to extend its operations abroad,\nwe made a distinctive proposition to the American Board that it\ntake up the proposed mission at Hong Kong, and so work in harmony\nwith us on this side the Pacific. We are glad to report that this\noverture has been cordially acceded to, and that that venerable\nmissionary body accepts this \u201csacred trust.\u201d Our brethren of the\nChinese Christian Association out there have in hand already a fund\nof $700, which they intend to put into that mission as an offering\nof the first fruits.\n\nIn its work on the Pacific Coast, the Association is represented\nby its auxiliary, the California Chinese Mission, whose President\nis Rev. Dr. John K. McLean, and whose Secretary is Rev. Wm. C.\nPond, who, in addition to the care of his city parish, has the\nsupervision of our operations there. Taking up the work into his\nown mind and heart, he gives to it an amount of study, watch-care\nand service that is marvellous. With a Pauline spirit, he goes the\nround of the missions, cheering and directing the workers, healing\ndivisions and laying new plans.\n\nOur fifteen schools are located at Berkeley, Marysville, Oakland,\nOroville, Petaluma, Point Pedro, Sacramento, Santa Barbara, Santa\nCruz, Stockton, and at San Francisco, where are the five missions,\nNo. 1, No. 2, Barnes, Bethany, and West. The work of the year\nhas been greatly encouraging. These schools have been taught by\nthirty-one teachers, of whom eleven are Christianized Chinamen.\n\nThe total number of scholars enrolled during the year was 2,567,\na gain over the previous year of 935, while that year had a gain\nover the former one of 76. Of these during the past year 156 have\nceased from idolatry and 106 have given evidence of conversion. Nor\ndo these figures give the full number of those who are brought to\nthe light in our schools, for many are scattered and cannot attend\nthem. The whole number of those of whom we have hope that they\nare born of God in connection with our work from the first, Mr.\nPond thinks cannot be less than 431, and wisely does he add: \u201cThe\nfigures will cease to look dry and the statistical table will glow\nwith even a celestial light, if we but reflect that every unit in\nthese numbers stands for an undying soul, and every unit in some of\nthem for such a soul brought out from the dark bondage of Chinese\npaganism into the glorious liberty of the sons of God.\u201d\n\nIt is proposed now to re-establish our mission at Los Angeles,\nwhich, as the original, gave way for a time to another that came\nin but has turned out a failure. Chico, where there are many\nChinese, and no one to care for them, is another place where the\nSuperintendent could start a mission. So also the door seems to\nbe opening for yet another school in San Francisco at the great\nPioneer Wooden Mills, where 600 Chinese are employed. And so the\nexpanding work demands the additional appropriation which the\nCommittee have already voted, making a total of $13,000 to be used.\n\n\nFINANCES.\n\nAt our last annual meeting we reported a total of $243,795.23,\nwhich was a gain of $56,315.12, or 20 percent, over that of the\nprevious year. One year ago the Committee felt constrained to ask\nthat this sum should be carried up to $300,000 for the support and\nenlargement of the varied work in charge. We started out well. Then\nin the spring our chariot came to dragging heavily with a debt\nof $25,000 upon it. Then there was a rally, and the fiscal year\ncame to its close, Sept. 30, with $297,584.45, which is a gain of\n$53,789.22 over the last year, or 22 per cent. Besides the current\nreceipts we have received toward the endowment of the President\u2019s\nchair in Talladega College, $15,000; and for scholarships in the\nsame, $6,000; also a Scholarship note for $500, in behalf of Fisk\nUniversity, which makes a total of $319,584.45 received into our\ntreasury during the year. This leaves the treasury out of debt,\nwith a balance in hand of $789.83, and an increase of endowment\nfund of $21,500. For this accomplishment we offer devout thanks to\nAlmighty God.\n\nThe exigencies of the work, the enlargement of the expenditure made\nalmost inevitable by the new buildings and increased facilities,\nwill scarcely be met by $300,000 the coming year. An increase of\nthat amount by 20 per cent, could be most economically and wisely\nexpended without any attempt at undue enlargement. The legitimate\nand almost irresistible progress of the work demands that. But we\nare the servants of our constituents, and assume not to decide. We\ncan most efficiently use the increase, but will faithfully work as\nbest we can with the means entrusted to us. We can only add that\nthe work will suffer if less than the $300,000 be secured.\n\nAs boys run backward that they may jump the further forward, so\nwe may profitably compare the receipts of this Association in its\nearlier years with those of this last year. The nearly $300,000\njust announced is equal to the total of contributions for the first\nten years. And the total for the year, as given by the Treasurer,\nof the contributions from the same constituency for the general\nwork in which the Association is engaged, more than $500,000, is\nequal to the receipts into our treasury for the first fourteen\nyears.\n\n * * * * *\n\nNever have the affairs of this Association seemed more prosperous;\nnever have its labors on the field yielded a more abundant and\nprecious fruitage; never has it seemed more firmly established in\nthe confidence of the people, both at the North and the South;\nnever has it shared more fully the favor of God!\n\nMay we have grace to walk so humbly before God, and so honestly and\nfaithfully before men, in the administration of our trust, that His\nfavor and their confidence may abide upon us!\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nTHE FREEDMEN.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL WORK.\n\nThe Committee to whom has been referred the subject of the\neducational work of this Association, beg leave to report that we\nheartily approve the policy of the Association by which it has put\nits main efforts upon the Christian education of teachers for the\ncolored people. Our Congregational churches, while it is important\nto plant them, are not the first need. They can enter but slowly.\nThe people do not appreciate them nor ask for them. Education they\nbeseech us for. The lower common-school education we can supply\nonly here and there. We thank God, and we recognize it as a blessed\nevidence of the growth of healthy public sentiment, that every year\nmore and more attention is paid in the States of the South to free\npublic education, and that in this the colored people are having\ntheir part, and that the expense of supporting their schools is\nmore and more cheerfully borne. But the States which are willing\nto educate children are not all ready as yet to educate their\nteachers. Whether the common schools of the South are good, depends\non whether the schools for teachers are good. We believe there is\nno other agency which is doing so much to secure teachers for the\ncolored youth of the South as the American Missionary Association.\nThis is a task which does not carry with it ecclesiastical profit;\nbut it carries the blessing of the Great Head of the Church, as it\nhas the good will of good men in every communion.\n\nApprehending the paramount importance of this work, we would\nimpress upon the officers of this Association, what they doubtless\nfeel, the importance of raising their chartered institutions and\nnormal schools to the very highest possible grade. Bricks and\nmortar are necessary, good buildings are noble, but the first\ndemand is for good teaching, for the very best instruction which\nNorthern culture can secure. A few extra hundreds paid to a\ncompetent principal may be of more real use than many thousands\npaid for a building. Our consecrated wealth will provide the\nbuildings. That we do not fear for; but it needs great and rare\nexecutive wisdom to see that these buildings shall be put to their\nbest use for the best instruction. Now is the molding time for the\ncolored people, and they need to be molded aright. Good education\nin barracks is better than poor education in a palace. It has\nbeen the boast of our constituency that they have known how to\neducate. They have supported the best colleges in the North. They\nare now supporting the best schools in the South. We are glad that,\napprehending these duties, the Association has just appointed a\ncompetent Superintendent of Education, whose special business it\nwill be to see to it that the standard of education shall be raised\nto the highest possible grade. We would especially recommend that\nall our institutions be carefully examined, that we call nothing\ncollege or university whose course of instruction falls below the\ngrade which belongs to the name, and that, if it be necessary in\nany case, inferior teachers be weeded out and their places supplied\nby such as are competent and earnest. This we urge, while knowing\nthat our institutions, as a rule, are models in all the South,\nbecause we would not have the Association satisfied with that to\nwhich we have already attained, and because we believe that our\nschools can and should be made so superior to other institutions\nthat they shall attract white pupils as well as black, or break\ndown the walls of caste.\n\nWe see with satisfaction the progress made in Howard and Talladega\nin theological education, which has been followed by the\norganization of numerous prosperous churches. We would urge that,\nas soon as possible, Fisk and Straight universities be supplied\nwith similar active departments of theological instruction.\n\nIndustrial departments have been made very useful in Hampton and\nTougaloo. These institutions are models in these as in other\nrespects. The explanation rests in part in the great enthusiasm\nor ability of the gentlemen whom we are so fortunate as to have\nin charge of those institutions, and who have a special gift in\ndeveloping these departments, and in part in the fortunate locality\nin which these institutes are placed. While we would be glad to\nhave similar instruction given in Fisk, Atlanta, and elsewhere, we\nrecognize the great difficulty of doing similar work in cities.\nDomestic labor should be encouraged, to relieve the expense of\nboard; but experiments in establishing schools of carpentry,\nblacksmithing, nursing, etc., while excellent, need to be made with\nthe greatest care, and under the supervision of such teachers as\npossess the requisite enthusiasm and faith.\n\nWe would especially urge, in this connection, on those who manage\nour institutions, that they impress on the pupils the virtues of\nthrift and self-support. The students who have come to us are\nno longer ex-slaves. They have all been reared in freedom. They\nshould be required to pay a reasonable amount for tuition. This\nshould be imposed as an educating influence. They should be made to\nunderstand that when education is given it represents a money value\nas well as does the food that goes into the stomach. More and more\nshould they be required to pay their tuition, if it be but a dollar\na month, that they may understand its value. The aggregate of this\nwill be of considerable help, as it will elevate the educational\nnotions of the people.\n\nWe are glad to see that our chartered institutions are making\nprogress toward independence of the Association. For this they\nshould work by the increase of their endowments for instruction. We\nexpress our great thanks to the generous friends who have so nobly\ngiven for these purposes, and especially to the wise and generous\nbenevolence of Mrs. Stone, which has made this a marked year in the\nhistory of our institutions. May the Lord reward her, and may her\nexample stir up many more.\n\nOur work would not be complete without a more formal and a most\ncordial recognition of the thanks we owe to the self-denying\nteachers of our institutions. They are men and women of most\nadmirable culture; they have made the greatest sacrifices; they\nhave entered with the warmest enthusiasm into their work. We have\nbeen greatly pleased with the professional enthusiasm of those\nat the head of some of our excellent normal schools, to whom no\nwords of praise can be extravagant. The progress in nearly all our\ninstitutions has been such as to merit our heartiest appreciation.\nWe commend this, our great work, to the generous hearts of our\nChristian constituency.\n\n G. F. WRIGHT, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nTHE HIGHER EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO.\n\nBY PRES. E. M. CRAVATH, FISK UNIVERSITY.\n\n1. The negroes are citizens, and vested with all the rights,\nduties and responsibilities of American citizenship. The ballot\nis in their hands, and as a necessary consequence they will share\nthe offices of trust and responsibility. There must and will be\npolitical leaders among them. It might be better for the country\nif the colored people would use the ballot purely, with an eye\nsingle to the best interests of society; if they should always vote\nfor the wisest, most honest and most capable men, uninfluenced by\npersonal prejudices, race distinction, or the popular excitement of\nheated political campaigns, and with no aspiration for political\ndistinction or the honors and spoils of office. It might be better\nfor the country if the citizens of other races would do this. But\nhow unlike the Anglo-Saxon or the Celt would be the African if _he_\nshould do it. But, fortunately, or unfortunately, there is about\nas much genuine human nature in the American citizen of African\ndescent as there is in those of European; and we must expect\nessentially the same results under like conditions. It will not\nprevent colored men from having political aspirations, and from\nbeing elected to offices of trust and responsibility, to confine\neducation among them to public, normal and industrial schools.\nThe safer and better way is to give to the young men who have\naspirations for a higher education the opportunities and advantages\nthey seek, just as they are provided for the youth of other races.\n\n2. The six millions of colored people in the South are organized\ninto distinct and separate churches, which are ministered to by\npersons of their own race. This is the result both of choice and\nnecessity. The white churches are not open to them, and as a\ngeneral thing they prefer to have their separate organizations. The\ninfluence and power of the minister among the colored people are\nexceedingly great. No people stand more in need of an intelligent,\nwise and educated ministry, and among no people can such a ministry\ndo such a noble work for the proper training of the young men who\nare to constitute the religious teachers and guides of these six\nmillions of colored American citizens just delivered from bondage,\nand now making trial before the world of freedom and citizenship. I\nurge the necessity of institutions for higher education.\n\nThe public schools of the South for colored children are in\ngeneral taught by colored teachers. This is usually demanded\nby the parents. In these public schools there are hundreds of\npositions such as are filled in white schools by men who have\nhad their training in the best colleges and universities of the\nSouth, and why should not colored young men be given the same\ntraining for the same responsibilities and duties? The same\nprinciples and necessities hold in the departments of law and\nmedicine. Is there any reason, in the nature of the case, why\na young colored man does not need to have as good an education\nto fit him for these professions as a young white man does? In\nall enlightened countries, institutions of higher education are\nregarded as indispensible; they accomplish a work in the interests\nof society, the Church and the State, which cannot be left out\nwith safety to any race or any country. But there are weighty\nreasons why the colored youth of the South need the advantages\nof a higher education. They have received less by inheritance.\nEducation, discipline, culture, the habits and surroundings of\nlife through generations, to some extent, at least, determine the\ninherited intellectual and moral qualities of individuals, families\nand races. The colored youth begins life without the inherited\nqualities which can come only through generations of civilization.\n\nThen, too, he has not had the advantages (and these are among the\ngreatest children can possess) of a cultured home, refined and\nintellectual associations, a purified and stimulating social life,\nand the instruction of an educated ministry. These have largely\nbeen denied him in his earlier years. Thus, when young colored men\nor women set out to secure an education that shall put them on a\nhigh plane of intellectual life and give them a fair chance to work\na career which shall entitle them to be honestly ranked among the\neducated and cultured of the white race in the higher departments\nof the world\u2019s work, they find themselves at a great disadvantage.\n\nHow shall this be overcome, except by patient, long-continued and\nwisely-directed study? Aspiration must mature into purpose and\npurpose ripen and harden into character. Intellectual labor must be\nencouraged and even exacted until it becomes comparatively easy\nand pleasurable. Habits of study and investigation must be formed\nand the judgment must be matured. Where shall the young men of the\nSouth get these advantages except in schools for higher education?\nBut there is one more consideration which I wish to urge. These\nsix millions are the representatives of a race 200,000,000 strong\nand of a continent. No equal body of Africans was ever before\nplaced in a condition so favorable for the development of whatever\npossibilities there are in the race. Under slavery they have been\ndisciplined to toil and have learned the lessons of work; they\nhave come to like the ways of civilized life and have acquired\na desire and taste for its comforts and luxuries. Pagan worship\nand heathen superstitions have been largely destroyed, and the\npeople have accepted the Christian religion. They are widely\nscattered among their fellow citizens of other races, and they have\nintrusted to them the full duties, and have resting upon them all\nthe responsibilities of citizenship. Whatever possibilities are\nin the race can here be developed in a shorter time and by a more\ndirect way than in the case of any section of Africa. So the race\nis on trial, and every aid should be given in order that the best\npossible result may be reached. Who can properly estimate the power\nfor good which colleges and universities, founded in the right\nspirit, strongly administered and wisely adapted to the wants and\nnecessities of the people, can exert in determining the future of\nthe negro in this country and the future of the great African race?\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH WORK.\n\nThe church work of the Association during the year has been steady,\ngrowthful, and encouraging. Quite the average of progress has\nbeen attained. This will readily appear by reference to a few\nstatistics. Six new churches have been added to the list, making in\nall eighty-three. Ten houses of worship have been erected. It is a\nremarkable fact that every one of the eighty-three churches, except\none whose minister died a short time ago, has a pastor. And equally\nremarkable that fifty-one of these pastors are native preachers.\nAs showing the value of theological seminaries established by the\nAssociation, and the ability and usefulness of trained colored men,\nthe average membership of sixty-eight in each church exceeds the\naverage of all the Congregational churches west of Pennsylvania.\nThe addition of 709 on profession, and the conversion of about an\nequal number who have found other church homes, make an average of\nseventeen conversions to each church, an increase of 20 per cent.\nWhere else can an equally good exhibition be made? Only about one\nto a church throughout the country. There are seven churches which\nhave added from twenty-five to forty-five to their membership.\nThere are only six that report no additions. So far as reported\nall but eleven churches contribute money for church purposes.\nThirty-seven report benevolent contributions. One church reports\n$350, another church reports $158, another church reports $86,\nanother church reports $83, another church reports $60, another\nchurch reports $50. Seventy-four Sunday-schools are reported.\nOne Sunday-school has over 500 members, another 400 members, ten\nschools 200 members, and seven schools 100 members. These figures\nindicate vitality in the churches, for Sunday-schools do not thrive\nvery well, excepting where there is activity in the churches with\nwhich they are associated. In nine localities precious revivals\nhave been enjoyed. The local associations indicate growth in\nfellowship and power. When we remember that these results have been\nreached amid manifold hindrances and discouragements arising from\nignorance, prejudice, superstition and vice, we may well exclaim,\n\u201cWhat hath God wrought?\u201d \u201cThank the Lord and take courage.\u201d But\nthe best results of the year do not admit of tabulation. The\nunwritten history of these churches are the tears, the struggles,\nthe sacrifices, the prayers, the burdens silently, uncomplainingly\nborne. This is their real history. God knows it all, and those who\nhave been the patient workers in its making will be remembered\nin that day when he counts up his jewels. Then it must not be\nforgotten that these churches represent almost infinitely more in\nthe South than their small number would indicate. They are tonic\nin their influence upon all the other churches around them. Their\nsimple New Testament polity, which encourages self-government\nand self-development, their high standard of ethics, which is a\nconstant rebuke to an emotional religion apart from morality, make\nthem peculiarly lights shining in dark places, and invest them with\nthat quiet, but inscrutable transforming power that belongs to good\nleaven.\n\nIn this has been vindicated the wisdom of the policy which has\npreferred quality to quantity, good character to great numbers,\nintelligent piety to ignorant devotion, a pure life to a noisy\nprofession. Without doubt the Association might have doubled its\npresent number of churches during these seventeen years. It has\ncost something to move slowly in this matter.\n\nWe have said that the past year has witnessed the average growth.\nThe rate of progress during the last seventeen years has been\nuniformly very constant, about five churches a year. Ten years\nago six new churches and ten houses of worship were reported. The\nquestion now comes whether it is not quite time to change the rate\nby doubling it, at least to quicken the pace. The church work is\ninitial and fundamental. It underlies all else. The Association is\nin the South for no other purpose than to make Christian manhood\nand womanhood. For this glorious work the church of God is the\ndivinely appointed agency. Others are auxiliary. There is but one\nopinion as to the sore need of more churches. The Macedonian cry is\nheard in many directions.\n\nIt has been demonstrated that Congregational churches can exist and\nthrive west of the Hudson and south of Mason and Dixon\u2019s line.\n\nThe polity and faith of the Pilgrim Fathers is not for the elect\nfew but the unsaved many. And if the methods, influence, and\nexample of our churches in the South are greatly stimulating to the\nchurches round about them, that is an additional argument for their\nmultiplication.\n\nIt can hardly be doubted that the schools and universities, by\ntheir direct and indirect influence, have prepared sufficient\nmaterial for more churches. What are eighty-three among the\nmillions who sit in darkness? It must be kept distinctly in mind\nthat educational facilities are multiplying in the South, and that\nto educate without Christianizing is possibly to augment the perils\ninstead of the defenses of the Republic.\n\nThe sanctifying and consecrating forces must be held in close\ncontact with the secular, so that education may be hallowed, or it\nwill end in defeat. We must hold steadfastly to our fundamental\nprinciple that nothing but the gospel of Christ will uplift\nand save the South. And while our educational institutions are\nthoroughly Christian, yet the church must be the energizing and\nradiating centre of Christian influence and power. Brethren, does\nnot the church work need and deserve a fresh impulse? Ought not\nthe momentum gathered during the seventeen years to accelerate its\nprogress very greatly now? Would not all hearts be gladdened, if\nthe next annual report should bring tidings of twelve instead of\nsix churches organized under the favoring auspices of this society?\nOpportunities are (I was about to say waiting, but they don\u2019t\nwait) passing. Much has been irrevocably lost. Much yet remains.\nIdeas are changing rapidly. We had feared that crystallization\nwould occur earlier than this, and society become so incrusted\nwith prejudice and hardened by vice that the helpful activities of\nthis and kindred societies would be hindered or defeated. But God\nis mercifully holding the elements still in solution that churches\nand schools, like ours, may become the dominating centres of the\nnew civilization. Let these blessed centres of light, healing,\ninfluence, be multiplied, surcharged with transforming energy, with\nassimilating power. The multiplicand already exists; men and money\nmust furnish, under God, the multiplier.\n\n ARTHUR LITTLE, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREMARKS OF REV. C. O. BROWN.\n\nWithin the past two years it has been my privilege to look in upon\nthree or four of the churches contemplated in this report. One\nyear ago last August I found myself on the Sabbath day in the city\nof Chattanooga, and I started out at an early hour to find the\nCongregational church. I made several inquiries of the white people\nwhom I met, but none of them seemed to know. I sauntered along\nuntil I was in front of the white Baptist church of the place, and\nfound an aged colored gentleman ringing the bell preparatory to\nservice. I asked him if he knew where the Congregational church\nwas. \u201cOh yes,\u201d he said, \u201cI\u2019se a member of dat church myself.\u201d\nThen, having an opportunity, I chatted with him a few minutes, and\nasked him why they wanted to sustain a Congregational church in\nChattanooga. \u201cOh,\u201d he said among many other things, \u201cwe doesn\u2019t\nbelieve in dese yer incitements dat de old churches has.\u201d And then\nI asked him what they proposed to do in the future. \u201cLook a heah,\nbrudder,\u201d he said, \u201cwe\u2019s come heah to stay.\u201d Presently I found\nmyself in that Congregational church. I found an ordinarily good\nlittle structure, comfortably furnished for church purposes. When\nthe congregation came in I saw decently clad people with hymn\nbooks and Bibles in their hands. Presently from the study door\ncame the pastor, and with all dignity and order, took his place in\nthe pulpit, and he preached a sermon in which, if my eyes had been\nclosed, I should have found no evidence that he was a colored man.\nHe was a graduate of Atlanta University. There was every evidence\nof order and system, of calm and deliberative religion, which we\nshould find in this church on the next Sabbath day.\n\nIn the evening of that same day I had an opportunity for\ncomparisons and contrasts. I went over to one of the old colored\nchurches which stands diagonally across an open square or common.\nThe scene was that of one billowy sea of emotion and excitement,\nof hallooing and amen-ing. Now, I said to myself, here is this\npure church established in this community as a standing testimony\nagainst that sort of thing. I said, as I sat beneath the spell of\nemotions which found vent in tears, here in this Congregational\nchurch and on this ground are both prophecy and fulfillment. The\nCongregational church stands not more than six rods from where\nmy tent was at one time pitched when I was a soldier; where the\nshells from Lookout mountain used to drop in the days of Thomas and\nHood. Here, I said, in this scarred ground, is a prophecy which\nwas uttered eighteen years ago, in the thunder of artillery and\nthe clash of battle. It was a prophecy of liberty; and this church\nfor colored people, for _free_ colored people, our brothers and\nsisters, is the fulfillment of that prophecy. It was my privilege,\nonly a few days later, to be present in the Storrs Congregational\nchurch of Atlanta. And it was a pleasure to be permitted to speak\nto those people. I saw there the same evidence of Christian order\nand propriety; everything which bore testimony to a high type of\nChristian life. I attended two of its prayer meetings. There was\nthe calm, subdued temper which bore witness to the suppression of\nthe animal nature and the development of the spiritual. And I want\nto say here, brethren, that if God in his providence should send me\nto Atlanta, I should cast in my lot with the Storrs Congregational\nchurch.\n\nI wish to second what was said by Doctor Little with regard to\nthe enlargement of our church work in the South. We feel that the\ntime has come for broadening the boundaries of this distinctively\nreligious work. Our churches are, and are to be, the conservators\nof the other work done in our educational institutions. None of our\nyoung people should be allowed, for want of a church home of our\nown polity, to escape from holy and pure influences. Nor should\nthey be allowed to expend in other directions power and influence\nacquired in our schools which might be conserved in our churches.\nLet us not make the mistake south of the Ohio River which, thirty\nor forty years ago, was made west of the Hudson; but let us rather\nfrom this annual meeting look to the enlargement of this blessed\npart of our work, concerning which such glad harbingers are before\nus in the general survey presented by the Secretary.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nAFRICA.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.\n\nThe Committee to whom was referred the general report on Africa\nwould submit the following:\n\nLittle that is new or very noteworthy has occurred during the\nyear past. The Mendi Mission, which has been so long, and at such\nsacrificial cost, maintained by the Association, was reinforced\nby a graduate of the theological department of Howard University,\nRev. Mr. Hall, who took charge of the church at Good Hope station,\nand has brought to his work such qualifications as promise to\nmake him a valuable worker in this growingly hopeful field. Mr.\nSt. John, who went out to become the business manager of the\nmissionary steamer John Brown, though obliged temporarily to\nreturn to this country, has accomplished some useful exploration,\nand demonstrated that the proposed steamer will become a most\ntimely and invaluable assistant to the missionaries in the way\nof facilitating transportation and intercommunication. There are\nencouraging signs that the influence of the workers at this mission\nis extending to the interior, and that the representatives of its\nschools and churches who are engaged in secular callings are a\ncredit to the same, and are advertising the value of Christian\ntraining and character to those who are as yet strangers to both.\nOne faithful laborer has, during the last twelvemonth, fallen at\nhis post, after a service of fifteen years, Rev. J. M. Williams.\nHis name will go to swell that ever-increasing list of heroic\nworkers, who sacrificed their lives for Africa\u2019s redemption. A\nnative preacher has taken the vacated place, and so the holy work\ngoes on, though the brave workers here and there are summoned to\nleave their toil and go up to their exceeding great reward. It is\na token at once significant and prophetic, that this successor\nof Mr. Williams, at the Kaw Mendi station, has a son now in Fisk\nUniversity who will keep up the succession of workers in Africa,\nby in due time returning to the land of his fathers as a herald\nof the gospel of Christ. Three other youthful representatives of\nthe Mendi Mission are at school at Hampton and Atlanta, their very\npresence here being fraught with good to fellow students from the\ncolored people of this country and to the land from which they came\nas the first fruits in the way of missionary consecration. At the\nlast Annual Meeting, great interest was excited by the expedition\nof Superintendent Ladd and Dr. Snow, which had just been entered\nupon, to find on the upper Nile a suitable place for the proposed\nArthington Mission. Much was hoped for from this resolute attempt\nto locate a new station in the region of the Sobat. These pioneers\nhave safely returned, and bring their mature recommendations\nas to what is expedient to be done in the district, where that\ngenerous patron of African missions, Mr. Arthington, was so urgent\nsomething should be done. On the whole, this Association has made\na noble record, in concert with other missionary societies in the\ndark continent. The chapter of what has been endured and achieved\nby its representatives will be one of imperishable glory in the\nannals of this body. Whatever changes the future may bring, for\nthe good brave work of the past, we and all lovers of Africa will\npraise God. Never was its mission work in the far-away land more\npromiseful, and we can but believe that days of large ingathering\nand of immediate advance are before it, so that past sacrifices\nand toils will not have been in vain, and the speedier successes\nof coming days will justify a missionary policy of the boldest and\nbroadest character.\n\n M. MCG. DANA, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF COMMITTEE ON THE PROPOSED EXCHANGE OF MISSIONS.\n\nThe Committee to whom was referred Secretary Strieby\u2019s report,\non recommending the simplification of the work of the American\nMissionary Association, by withdrawing from the foreign field,\nand assuming more fully the work among the Indians to which it is\nnow providentially invited, approve in general of its proposals,\nbut beg to recommend to the Executive Committee of the American\nMissionary Association, in considering and settling the questions\ninvolved, the following points which they suggest as conditions in\neffecting the changes contemplated:\n\n1. That the entire Mendi Mission, with its long and checkered\nhistory, representing such heroic sufferings and achievements, and\nin the sustenance of which our British friends have so generously\naided us, be continued by transferring it to the A. B. C. F. M.\nor to the United Brethren, who have a mission near by and who\nwill entertain overtures for the same, and that to this end the\nchurches, schools, and other property be made over to either party,\nwith the interest of the Avery fund, in the one case at once and\nin the other for a limited time, as the Committee may arrange.\nThat the steamer John Brown, to which the Sabbath-schools of our\nchurches have contributed some $7,000, be built, and be given\nover to such parties as will use it for the purposes originally\ncontemplated.\n\n2. That the interest in, and funds for, the Arthington Mission\nbe, so far as may be, transferred to the A. B. C. F. M., and that\nfailing, to the United Presbyterians who are doing such excellent\nwork in the Nile Valley.\n\n3. That this Association will assume the Indian Mission in Dakota\noffered it by the A. B. C. F. M., and will withdraw from the\nforeign fields, and arrange ultimately for the transference of the\ninterest of the Avery fund to the American Board.\n\nAnd your Committee propose for your adoption the following\nresolution, covering the adjudication of this question.\n\nResolved, That the matter of accepting the Dakota Mission from the\nAmerican Board, and of transferring our African Mission to that\nBoard or some other organization, be referred to the Executive\nCommittee with power, provided that it be made certain that the\nMendi Mission, so dear to the hearts of many of the Association, be\nin some way sustained hereafter.\n\n M. MCG. DANA, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nTHE INDIANS.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.\n\nThe Committee on Indian Missions would report:\n\nFirst. That the work of this Association among the Indians\u2014a work\nso small that the expenditure for it is only about one-fifth that\nfor the Chinese in America\u2014has been prospered during the last year.\nThe blessing of the Master rests upon it, and our thanksgiving and\nprayers should be stimulated thereby.\n\nSecond. We heartily approve of its plan to combine an industrial\nwith a literary education, that the boys and girls may take the\nlead in Christian arts as in Christian culture. Yet the experiment\nof training them in schools far from home should be carefully\nwatched, lest there be formed a gulf of separation between the\ntribe and its educated youth, a gulf so deep that those returning\nfrom Hampton shall, through social longings, lapse into the customs\nof their fathers, or else shall stand aloof from their people in\ncultured isolation. We should subordinate individual advancement to\ntribal advantage; the benefit of the few to that of the many; and\nfor this purpose schools are being established nearer home. Hence\nwe recommend the careful study of the results of the experiment.\n\nThird. We would earnestly press the evangelistic work among the\nIndians. They are to stay with us. They are soon to be of us,\ncitizens with us of this Republic. So much is written in the\nprovidence of God. To educate them is not enough. The federal\ngovernment is increasingly engaged in this. But its Commissioner\nof Indian Affairs, the Hon. H. Price, in his forthcoming report\nsays: \u201cCivilization is a plant of exceeding slow growth unless\nsupplemented by Christian teaching and influence.\u201d \u201cIn no other\nmanner and by no other means, in my judgment, can our Indian\npopulation be so speedily and permanently reclaimed from barbarism,\nidolatry, and savage life as by the educational and missionary\noperations of the Christian people of our country.\u201d Christianized\neducation is the watchword, the vitalizing of all the truth of God\nwith the love and spirit of God. This means more than schools; it\nmeans Christian schools and Christian churches. For this very work\nthis Association has been ordained of God, and it should enlarge\nits work to the demands of the hour. The proposed exchange with\nthe American Board means, for this society, enlargement. The rapid\nprogress of the Indian towards citizenship demands enlargement. God\ncalls this Association to enlarge its Indian missions that it may\nprepare both the negro and the Indian for citizenship and God.\n\nFourth. We believe that the welfare of the Indian demands the\nabolition of both tribal and reservation relations, the allotment\nof their lands in severalty, their amenability to State and federal\nlaws and courts. And while we recognize with gratitude the past\nattempts of our national government in these directions, we need\nto press upon Congress the duty of renewing its endeavors and\nenlarging its appropriations for schools, that it may speedily\nturn these wards into industrious citizens. And for this end we\nwould recommend that a committee of nine be appointed by this\nAssociation to memorialize Congress to place the Indian by the side\nof the negro and other citizens in the right to buy, own, and sell\nproperty, real and personal, to work at what he pleases, and live\nwhere he pleases, to have the same standing before the law, to vote\nand hold office, in short to possess all the rights and obligations\nof citizens of the Republic.\n\n A. H. ROSS, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nWORK AND DUTY IN THE EAST.\n\nBY GEN. S. C. ARMSTRONG.\n\nAt Hampton there are ninety, and at Carlisle there are nearly three\nhundred Indians\u2014boys and girls\u2014who are learning civilization as an\nobject lesson, and are themselves an object lesson to the centres\nof intelligence and wealth, where is the sentiment that inspires\nand the means that provide for the combined practical and spiritual\nteaching of the red man. They suffice, perhaps, for a tangible\nproof of the Indian\u2019s capacity, of which the need was great; their\neffect upon public sentiment has been marked. The result with\nthese Indians has, so far, proved satisfactory. Scattering these\npupils among the farmers of Massachusetts and of Pennsylvania for a\nportion of the year, has had such a good effect mutually, that five\nhundred more might well be so placed in various States, under the\ncare of special agents, with proper rendezvous where the sick or\nunsatisfactory might be kept with a view to returning home, say ten\nper cent, of the entire number.\n\nThe Negro institutions at Nashville, Tenn., at Talladega, Alabama,\nand elsewhere, could do excellent work for them. The aims and\nmethods of most white schools render them unfit for Indians.\n\nWe have found the weak point of the race to be physical, not mental\nor moral. They can endure the hardships peculiar to the plains, but\nnot steady work from day to day. They are tainted with inherited\ndisease; the lungs are their weak point. They are sinewy but not\nmuscular; however, as a race they hold their own with favorable\nsurroundings, are not decreasing seriously, if at all, and will not\nsettle the problem by dying out.\n\nMechanically they have proved apt to learn, but slow to execute.\nOur Hampton Indian work-shops have this year supplied the Indian\nDepartment with two thousand pairs of men\u2019s brogan shoes, five\nhundred dozen articles of tinware, and seventy-five sets of double\nplow harness, which were pronounced by the inspectors well-made and\nsatisfactory. Carlisle has done more.\n\nBoth girls and boys take quickly and kindly to neatness and to\nindustrial pursuits, as well as to books. They are as eager as the\nNegroes for knowledge, and become more and more so as they advance.\nWant of ambition is the least of their troubles. Teaching them is\nhard work, but interesting and stimulating in the highest degree.\n\nThey resent injury, but are not revengeful; not a sign of treachery\nin nearly five years. Religiously, they are, I believe, the most\nhopeful of the heathen races. The vastness and the grandeur of\nthe West has affected them as desert life has the Arabs; they are\nremarkably Oriental in customs and ideas. They worship no fetish,\nthere are no idols to break, but they have a crude faith to be\ncleared, dim eyes to be opened.\n\nChristian efforts, under the care of Archdeacon Kirby of the\nEpiscopal Church, have evangelized ten thousand Indians of British\nAmerica, in their simple natural life. The mixed, harassed\ncondition of our own, makes the work far more difficult.\n\nThe mingling of races at Hampton has worked well; they are\nmutually helpful and stimulating. An Indian classmate is kindly,\nthoughtfully treated by his colored compeers. A race that has\nbeen led is leading another. The \u201cHouse-Father,\u201d chief of our\nsixty Sioux boys, is a negro. With perhaps finer mental and moral\ntexture, the red race does not produce half enough to feed itself;\nthe rougher, stronger blacks have not thrown a pauper upon the\ncountry, and raise raw material for the mills of Christendom.\nWith benevolent intentions we have diminished and weakened the\none; using the other only for selfish purposes, it has multiplied\nand grown stronger. Bringing both races under the care of the\nAmerican Missionary Association is most fitting and wise. Both are\npeculiarly the concern of the American people, are providentially\ncommitted to our care, and are a part of us. In doing for them we\nare doing for ourselves, our children, and our country.\n\nOn the Indian girl rests most heavily the weight of past and\npresent influences. When, in October, 1881, I took 25 Indian boys\nand five girls back to their Dakota homes, after three years\u2019\ntraining at Hampton, the former were readily placed in rooms by\nthemselves, away from the camp, employed in agency work-shops at\nthe trades they had learned, and thus helped on greatly. The girls\ncould not be so isolated; they had no trades, and though they\ncould make their own garments and do housework, there were not\nsuitable situations for them; they returned to their mothers and\ngrandmothers, who might sell them to the brave who would pay the\nhighest price in ponies for them.\n\nOne of the five, an earnest Christian, wrote: \u201cHard to be good\nwoman out here.\u201d She finally married a white man of good repute.\nAnother is reported as a most satisfactory house servant in the\nfamily of a missionary; another keeps her father\u2019s store and books.\nHe is one of the best and most thrifty of Indians; but the family\nlive in one room in a log house. Two others, younger, are waiting\nan opportunity to return to Hampton for two years\u2019 more training,\nwith a view to becoming teachers.\n\nTeaching is the career for Indian girls, as it has been the one way\nfor colored girls of the South to be more than drudges; there it is\nthe only field for a womanly ambition. The increase of educational\nwork for Indians creates some hope for their girls, on whom rests\nthe future of their race.\n\nThere is a tendency to increase our Indians\u2019 course of study to\nlonger than three years. One set having returned, the Indians,\nwhose parental feelings are tender and strong, are more trustful\nof us, and readily consent to a longer absence of their children.\nOne boy has already returned at his own expense, and another is\nsaving his money for the purpose, both to learn more and to perfect\nthemselves in their trade of shoemaking. The sooner the Indian can\nstand without government aid, the better. Any boy can return who\nwill pay his way back. This gives a motive to work, and creates\nappreciation of his opportunities.\n\nFor the practical necessities of Indian life their training should\nbe practical.\n\nWe give half the day to study and half to labor. An education which\ndoes not fit them to take care of themselves may do them more harm\nthan good.\n\nI think that when charity and the government are linked together\nfor Indian work, the former should erect the buildings and maintain\nthe teachers, the latter supply the wants of the body. United\nStates beef and flour and shoes are as good as any body\u2019s, but\ngovernment employ\u00e9s, as our civil service stands, are not the men\nto elevate the Indian. The telling factor in all work for men is\nthe person who does it. Unless that shall be supplied from the pure\nfountains of our Christian civilization it will not, as a rule, be\nsupplied at all. I refer to the educational work at the agencies;\nthere the government day and boarding schools should be strictly\nresponsible to the controlling power, and their moral value will\nbe that of the agent in charge. Missionary institutions should\nstimulate these, and should be conducted by superior men and women\ndirectly responsible to their Eastern supporters. I call it sham\nmissionary work to send out Christian teachers to be supported\non public pay. The churches who do that, and some do, are doing\nnothing. Let us first send our own teachers for the Indians, and\nthen fit them to become their own teachers; to make the teachers is\nto make the people.\n\nThe free Negro schools in the South are vitalized by a number of\nstrong central institutions under Northern men that train the\npicked growth of the race as teachers. This is, I think, the true\nrelation of Eastern charity to the Indian. There should be an\nexcellent boarding and industrial school at each important agency\nfor this purpose. Getting fifteen dollars a month of government for\nfood and clothing for each pupil need not in the least weaken the\nindependence or morals of teachers. The friends of the Indian will\ndo the rest.\n\nThe situation is critical, the opportunity is great; the rising\ntide of public sentiment, the movement at Washington, the eagerness\nas well as the exigency of the red man mean much.\n\nBut this work needs a leader; it will drag if thrown on an\noverloaded man. The man is as much as the money; the one will bring\nthe other, both by wise appeals and good work that will commend\nitself to the country.\n\nFor more than a century Indians rejected our civilization; now\ntheir thinking men, for they are a race of thinkers, forecast the\nfuture and wish their children taught the white man\u2019s way as their\nonly hope.\n\nThey do not choose this; they are compelled to it. Hundreds,\nthousands, are waiting for an education. They beg for what they\nonce refused.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nTHE CHINESE.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nREPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.\n\nYour Committee on the Chinese Mission of the Association have\nagreed upon the following report:\n\nThere are three points which demand special thanksgiving to God.\n\nFirst. The manifestly wise policy of the Association on the whole\nquestion of Christianizing the Chinese. This appears (1) in the\nnoble stand it has taken and the work it is doing for education and\nChristianity on our Pacific coast, thus uttering a perpetual rebuke\nto the intolerable selfishness and barbarism of political parties\nin the passage of the anti-Chinese bill; (2) in the admirable\ndisposition made of the proposed mission in China itself.\n\nThe desire of earnest Christian Chinamen in California that a\nmission be started in Southern China, which might be a \u201crallying\ncentre\u201d of Christian influence for converted men on their return\nhome, and from which they could \u201cgo forth to carry the gospel\nto their countrymen,\u201d is a desire which must commend itself to\nreason; and the readiness of these Christian Chinamen to aid\nsuch a movement with contributions of their own is worthy of\nthe highest commendation. Moreover, that Hong Kong, that great\ngateway of Chinese emigration, that district wrenched away from\nthe Chinese by English selfishness and rapacity forty years ago,\nin the ignominious struggle of the opium war, should be the place\nagreed upon for that mission, seemed peculiarly fitting. But that\nthis Association should be the body to establish the mission\nthere, thus distracting attention from its great peculiar work at\nhome, and dividing the contributions of American Congregational\nchurches between two foreign Congregational boards in China, could\nhardly seem wise to any. How gratifying then to learn that this\nAssociation, holding to the purpose of no more missions abroad, has\nsuccessfully arranged with the American Board to accept and carry\nforward this movement at Hong Kong. The principle of simplicity\nof arrangement and economical division of labor among our great\nbenevolent societies is thus endorsed once for all.\n\nSecond. The second point calling for thanksgiving is the marked\nsuccess of the work among the Chinese on the Pacific coast. There\nis no more promising work for China, as a whole, in all the world,\nthan that now being done by the California Chinese Mission. Its\nfifteen schools, with thirty-one teachers, eleven of whom are\nconverted Chinamen, twenty-five hundred scholars\u2014an increase of\nalmost a thousand over last year, and a hundred and six conversions\nto Christ, all show that it is no longer a mere experiment. The\nefficient Christian organization known as the Congregational\nAssociation of Christian Chinese, with its missionary spirit and\nliberal contributions, demonstrate the fact on our own soil that\nthe Chinamen, like others, when touched by the spirit of Christ,\nare a power for righteousness.\n\nThird. The recent influx of 25,000 Chinamen, hastening to reach our\nshores before the pagan bill of Congress should go into effect, has\nsuddenly increased the demand for laborers and money.\n\nThe work on the Pacific coast ought not to receive less than\n$13,000 the coming year, that the 125,000 Chinese already in the\ncountry may, during the ten years of national disgrace, be quietly\nfitted to become a great Christian power for the elevation of their\ncountrymen.\n\nWhile the anti-Chinese outcry from California has filled the\nears of the nation, your Committee wishes to recognize with\nthanksgiving the noble work which many of the Christians of that\nState have done and are doing for China and for Christ. The Chinese\nmissions of the Association are at present restricted to the\nState of California. But your Committee are impressed with the\nimportance to the Association, in this part of its work, of full\nand exact information as to the condition of the Chinese population\nthroughout the country, and as to the work done in their behalf by\nvarious Christian agencies, and especially by the local churches\nof various denominations. And we recommend that a systematic\ninquiry be instituted on this subject, the result of which shall be\nreported at the next annual meeting.\n\n JAMES BRAND, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nADDRESS OF REV. JAMES BRAND, D.D.\n\nMR. PRESIDENT: At one of the former meetings of this Association,\none speaker, in pleading for China, proposed that the audience go\nwith him, in imagination, to the Chinese quarter in San Francisco,\nin order that from a personal inspection of the thrift, economy\nand order manifested there he might get an argument for Christian\nsympathy and support in Chinese education. They did so and the\nargument was good. At the same meeting, another speaker, pleading\nthe same cause, proposed to the audience to go with him to a more\nsacred place than the Chinese quarter, namely, the battle-fields\nof the war, that he might gather from the memory and suggestions\nof those hallowed places an argument for the maintenance of the\nnational and Christian principles contended for in that war, and\nhence an argument for the Christian treatment of the Chinese.\n\nNow, in getting the purchase for another argument for the same\nunhappy people, I propose that you go for a few moments with me to\na more sacred place still than either the Chinese quarter or the\nbattle-fields of the war. I mean that upper room where, eighteen\ncenturies ago, occurred that last, long interview between Christ\nand his disciples, before the crucifixion. Let us reverently step\nin there and stand behind that little circle of the eleven. Let\nus catch the spirit and the suggestions of that tender and holy\nscene. The Divine One is speaking his last words to those men who\nare soon to go forth and undertake the conversion of the world.\nWhat is his most weighty thought? It is that which was expressed in\nhis closing prayer: \u201cAs thou hast sent me into the world even so\nhave I sent them into the world;\u201d that is, the mission of Christian\nmen in the world was to be the same as His own. It was to be a\nmission of vicarious suffering and service for all the world. Men\nwere dying in their sins in all countries. The nations were sitting\nin the shadow of death. Generations were tramping on, each in the\ntrack of the others, to hopeless doom. They did not know God\u2019s\nredeeming love. It is this spectacle of humanity rushing on to a\nhopeless eternity, that puts that solemn and intense tone into the\nSaviour\u2019s voice as He talks and prays. They were to be men like\nChrist. They were to go into all the world, bearing the love of God.\n\nThis is what the world needs. This world of faith in force, and\nfaith in diplomacy, and faith in partisan politics; this world of\nfaith in intellectual skill; this world of brain power, elaborating\nexpedients; this world of self-seeking refinement; these nations\nthat are under the shadow of death are all sending up through the\ngloom of their moral miseries the inarticulate cry to God for just\nthis Christlike mission of loving men, to the world. This, then,\nis the warrant; this is the groundwork of my plea for China. It is\nnot that the Chinese are very worthy, or that our nation ought to\nbe very consistent with its fundamental principles, but it is that\n400,000,000 souls need a Saviour from sin, and we, whose mission\nis identical with Christ\u2019s, have something to do in the case. This\napplies, of course, to all nations as well as the Chinese, but I\nplead for a special application of the principle to China on two\ngrounds:\n\nI. Because of the vastness and need of China and the peculiar\nrelation it now sustains to ourselves. What have we done for her\npeople? We have shut our door in their face. We have said no poor\nlaboring man of China shall feed his children on our shore for ten\nyears to come. Three hundred and thirty thousand of them will have\ngone into eternity before these ten black years shall have expired!\nDo we not hear the echo of that tender voice from that upper room,\n\u201cInasmuch as ye did it unto these, ye have done it unto me\u201d?\n\nII. I plead for China because of the wrongs she has suffered at\nnominally Christian hands, and especially at the hands of the\nUnited States Government.\n\nThe anti-Chinese bill is a violation of treaty, a violation of\nthe spirit of impartial justice to foreigners, a violation of our\nown interest, because opposed to the spirit of Christ, which when\nresisted always reacts. It was carried through, like the opium\ntrade, for present personal advantage on a small scale. It is the\nchild of partisan politics, born out of a fear lest other foreign\nlaborers, finding themselves underbidden by the more economical\nChinese, might raise an outcry, and disturb the equilibrium of\nparty power. Hence, to gain votes, one party will sacrifice\nnational policy and Christian principle, and the other will do the\nsame rather than lose votes. Thus China must be affronted, and\nChristianity dishonored before the world. It is not, however, the\nAmerican people as such who have done this thing\u2014thank God for\nthat! Whenever the national conscience has spoken at all on the\nsubject, it has spoken against it. This anti-Chinese legislation\nis the adoption, in America, of the old barbaric cast-off policy\nof exclusion, which China herself has pursued for centuries toward\nother nations. China is going forward: we have gone back.\n\nNow what is to be the result in this case? It must be _reaction_.\nThere must come reaction against American commerce, losing more\nthan it gains, reaction against American integrity as to treaty\nstipulations, awakening Chinese distrust and hate, casting a\nblight upon Western civilization and, worst of all, defeating\nAmerican Christianity.\n\nThe great American nation has divided at the Chinese quarter. Say\nwhat you will, that Chinese quarter in San Francisco has become the\ngreat moral _divortium_ or water-shed of America where Christian\nand anti-Christian sentiment divide. On one side the Chinese\nworkman is mobbed, excluded; on the other he is educated and led\nto Christ. On the one side men act for party ends and call the\nChinaman a \u201cheathen dog;\u201d on the other they recognize him with\nall his infirmities as a man for whom Christ died, and call him\nbrother. This is a tremendous responsibility we assume when we thus\nprejudice a fifth part of the human family against the religion of\nChrist.\n\nNow, then, if we make special pleas for the Indian because we\nhave manifestly wronged him and ought to make amends; if we are\nunder special obligation to the freedman because we have sinned\nagainst him, or because he may become an important link between our\nChristianity and perishing Africa, why is not the same argument\ngood for the Chinese on the Pacific coast? Surely, in God\u2019s sight,\nthese ten black years ought to be ten very bright years for the\nChristian schools for Chinamen in California. China ought to have\nat the end of that time a larger force of native missionaries\ntrained up on the Pacific slope than all the Christian workers\nemployed in that great empire to-day. The truth is, we are all\ntaking one side or the other of this question. In deciding which it\nshall be let us keep in mind the noble sentiment of Henry Richard.\nSpeaking on the opium question in the House of Commons, he said,\n\u201cI am not ashamed to say that I am one of those who believe that\nthere is a God who ruleth in the kingdom of men, and that it is not\nsafe for a community, any more than an individual, recklessly and\nhabitually to affront those great principles of truth and justice\nand humanity, on which, I believe, He governs the world. And we may\nbe quite sure of this, that, in spite of our pride of place and\npower, in spite of our vast possessions and enormous resources,\nin spite of our boasted force by land and sea, if we come into\nconflict with that Power we shall be crushed like an egg-shell\nagainst the granite rock.\u201d\n\nBetter still, let us listen again for the serious tone of the\nDivine prayer in that upper room. \u201cI pray for them; I pray not\nfor the world, but for them which thou hast given me, for they\nare thine. And now I am no more in the world but these are in the\nworld. Holy Father, keep them!\u201d While the shadow of to-morrow\u2019s\ncross was already darkening his path, his thought was not for\nhimself but for _them_. \u201cThese are in the world,\u201d and to be in it,\nto work, to choose, to suffer in it\u2014\u201cin the world,\u201d and so are\ntempted to use the world\u2019s tactics, tempted to lose sight of their\ngreat commission and to become callous to the world\u2019s needs\u2014\u201cin\nthe world,\u201d and so they have to settle momentous questions\u2014\u201cin the\nworld,\u201d having to meet its pains, its storms, its falsehood, its\ncurse, its fascinations, and so, may lose sight of the claims of\nthy kingdom of love: Holy Father, keep them! _Keep them!_\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nREPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.\n\nYour Committee on Finance beg leave to report that they have\nexamined the Treasurer\u2019s statements of receipts and expenditures\nand find them properly certified as correct by the auditors. Also\nthe trial balance, and the list of trust funds, and the books of\naccounts are so certified.\n\nThe trust funds appear to be securely invested and wisely\nadministered for the purposes for which they were created.\n\nWe find that the accounts of the Treasurer are carefully kept\nand that the control and disbursement of the current funds of\nthe Association are conducted in a thoroughly systematic and\nbusiness-like manner, with ample safeguards against error and loss.\n\nYour Committee take pleasure in commending the wisdom, fidelity and\neconomy of the officers and Executive Committee in the financial\nadministration of the great trusts confided to their care.\n\nIt is gratifying to find that the expenditures of the Association\nhave been so carefully guarded and distributed that for six\nconsecutive years last past they have not exceeded the annual\nincome. During this period a large indebtedness previously incurred\nhas been wholly paid and no new indebtedness created in any\ndepartment of its work.\n\nThe balance in the treasury is $789.83, after paying all bills due\nto September 30.\n\nThere is every reason to expect that this satisfactory condition of\nthings will be continued through the generosity of the churches to\nthis cause.\n\nAt the last annual meeting, your Committee on Finance recommended\nthat the churches increase their contributions from $243,000 to\n$300,000 for the then current year; and the reports submitted at\nthis meeting show that this was done within $3,000. This additional\nsum of $54,000 has been used partly in completing the college\nbuildings at Talladega, Ala., and Strieby Hall, at Tougaloo, Miss.\nIt has also greatly helped in the support of needy students,\nbesides materially increasing the working force and general church\nand school efficiency.\n\nIt is worthy of remark that almost every dollar of this increased\ncontribution has done effective work in the mission fields,\nsince, while the receipts for the past two years have been more\nthan $100,000 larger than in the two years next preceding them,\nthe expense of raising and disbursing these funds and managing\nthe affairs of the Association has increased less than $400 per\nannum, thus showing that the Association is fully equipped for\na much larger work without additional cost for the machinery of\nadministration. This fact constitutes a strong appeal to the\nbenevolent who wish their gifts applied without waste or diminution\nto the good ends for which they are bestowed.\n\nThese more ample facilities for church and educational work bring\nwith them larger demands for funds, so that simply to preserve its\nefficiency in fields already occupied the Association requires\nan annual increase in contributions. Besides, new demands are\ncontinually made for new foundations in different places.\n\nFrom the reports and papers submitted at this meeting, we gather\nthat $5,000 more than last year will be needed to increase the work\namong the Chinese in California; $20,000 more for the enlargement\nof the work among the Indians; $25,000 more for the support of\nschools and churches among the Freedmen, and $25,000 more towards\nthe building of Smith College at Little Rock, Ark.\n\nIn view of all these facts and reasons, the urgency of which all\nfriends of the Association will readily appreciate, your Committee\nrecommend that at least $50,000 be added to the current income of\nthe Association for general uses during the next fiscal year, and\nexpress the earnest hope that the further sum of $25,000 may be\nobtained for special purposes, making a grand total for 1882\u20133 of\n$375,000.\n\n J. G. W. COWLES, _Chairman_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nPETITION OF PRESIDENT E. A. WARE AND OTHERS.\n\nREFERRED TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.\n\nWe, the undersigned ministers and teachers, representing the\nwork of the American Missionary Association, mainly in the State\nof Georgia, respectfully petition the annual meeting of the\nAssociation about to assemble at Cleveland, Ohio, that they appoint\na committee of five, more or less, who shall report at the annual\nmeeting in 1883 with reference to the policy that should govern the\nAssociation and its representatives in matters suggested by the\nfollowing questions:\n\nFirst. Is it the mission of the Association to work solely among\nthe three despised races, so called, or through its work for\nthese races to labor for the upbuilding of other people without\ndistinction of race as rapidly as they can be brought within the\nsphere of its influence?\n\nSecond. Should it or should it not be the policy of the Association\nto establish separate churches or schools for different races?\n\nThird. What should be the relations of comity between the\nAssociation and our other benevolent societies when undertaking to\ndo missionary work of the same nature in the same field?\n\nFourth. What light, if any, is shed upon the foregoing questions by\nthe history of the foundation and early work of the Association?\n\nWe would suggest that the committee be instructed to invite\ncorrespondence from the officers of the Association, from the\nofficers of our other missionary societies, from all workers in the\nfield, and from others interested, and that the report be published\nin the religious press at least two months before the annual\nmeeting of 1883.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nEXCHANGE OF MISSIONS.\n\nBY SECRETARY STRIEBY.\n\nAt the regular meeting of the Executive Committee of the American\nMissionary Association, held Sept. 11, 1882, the following\nresolution was adopted:\n\n_Resolved_, That a committee of three be appointed to invite a\nconference with the Am. Board respecting the advisability of\ntransferring our African work to the Board, and assuming the work\namong the Indians now carried on by the Board.\n\nIn accordance with this vote a delegation from our Executive\nCommittee, consisting of Drs. Ward and Roy, Mr. Mead and Secretary\nStrieby held an interview with the Prudential Committee of the\nAmerican Board in Boston, Sept. 14, at which the proposed exchange\nwas fully and fraternally considered. The Prudential Committee\nof the Board subsequently passed a resolution recommending to\nthe Board the approval of the transfer, if all legal and other\ndifficulties could be obviated. In response, the Board, at its late\nmeeting in Portland, Oct. 3, passed the following resolution:\n\n_Resolved_, That further arrangements for the Dakota Mission be\nreferred to the Prudential Committee with power, but with the\nearnest recommendation that the whole mission be transferred to the\ncare of the American Missionary Association, unless the practical\ndifficulties shall prove to be insuperable.\n\nOn the 13th of October, a meeting was held in New York, of a\nspecial committee of the Prudential Committee of the Board, and of\na special committee of the Ex. Com. of the A. M. A., in which the\nprinciples and methods, as well as the difficulties in the way of\nthe transfer, were again considered.\n\nThe spirit of that meeting was not that of sharp bargaining\nin commercial values, but of an earnest desire on the part of\nChristian brethren, representing affiliated missionary societies\nto consummate an arrangement that would facilitate the upbuilding\nof the Redeemer\u2019s Kingdom. Yet commercial values were canvassed.\nThe Board has in its Indian missions, buildings for churches and\nschools, and other property, estimated at $36,000. The value of the\nproperly of the A. M. A. at the Mendi Mission can be stated with\nless definiteness, but the buildings for churches, schools, and\nindustrial work can hardly be worth as much as that of the Board in\nthe Dakota Mission. But in addition to this property there is the\nfund from the estate of Rev. Charles Avery, for African missions.\nThe points of difficulty suggested and discussed were: the legal\nauthority of the Association to transfer this Avery fund; the\ncontinuance of the Mendi Mission by the Board; and its assumption\nof the Arthington Mission. On the first point\u2014the transfer of the\nAvery fund\u2014a legal opinion, very clear, and so far as could be\njudged, satisfactory, was obtained, of which the following is the\ndecisive portion.\n\n\u201cUnder the bequest thus given to the American Missionary\nAssociation, it cannot lawfully delegate to another the discretion\nwhich the testator has intrusted specifically to it. But it may\ndelegate to others the execution of purposes which are approved by\nits discretion, and which are within the objects defined by the\ntestator. It may employ the agency of its own officers and servants\nin the application of the income, or it may employ the agency of\nother organizations, as in its discretion may be most fit, useful\nand efficient in accomplishing the testator\u2019s purposes.\u201d\n\nIn regard to the second point, the Committee of the American\nMissionary Association expressed the wish that the Mendi Mission\nshould be continued, while the representatives of the Board\ndeemed it unadvisable, on account of the great enlargement of its\nAfrican work recently entered upon; and on the third point, in\nlike manner and for the same reasons, they thought the Board would\nbe indisposed to assume the responsibilities of the Arthington\nMission. No final settlement of these points was attempted, it\nbeing deemed necessary to wait until this annual meeting of the\nAssociation should, if it thought best, approve of the exchange of\nthe missions, and, as the Board had done, remit to the Committee\nthe authority to arrange details. With a view to securing such\napproval, I shall now proceed in behalf of the Executive Committee\nto give the reasons for the exchange of missions.\n\n1. It is believed that the churches desire the exchange.\n\nA living missionary society must have a vital connection with the\nchurches. Thence mainly come its funds, and funds are as essential\nto it as to a bank or factory; yet if it get from them nothing\nbut funds, it is no better than a bank or factory. It needs to be\ngrounded in the confidence of the churches, and to be permeated\nin every branch and fibre by their piety and prayers. The wishes,\ntherefore, of the churches as to methods as well as aims should be\nsought and heeded. Do the churches desire this change? That they\ndo, I offer in evidence the effort made to that end in the National\nCouncil at New Haven. That effort was no sudden impulse originating\nin the mind of a single individual, and as suddenly laid aside\nby the Council. An elaborate report on the subject was presented\nand discussed at great length. It is true that the movement was\nnot successful, yet it was full of significance, mainly from the\ncharacter of those who pressed it. They were among the strongest\nand most influential men in the denomination. They were at the time\noutvoted, but their convictions were not changed, nor in so far as\nthey were representative men is the weight of their testimony to\nbe disregarded. Passing down to the present time, we come to the\nrespectful resolution adopted by the Congregational Association\nof Ohio, asking for substantially this exchange. This resolution\nis not the work of foes, but of warmest friends, as our cordial\ninvitation and reception here abundantly testify.\n\nBut the most convincing fact of all is the reception which has\nbeen given to the announcement of the proposed change. Almost\nunanimously comes to us the assurance that the exchange is heartily\napproved by the churches. I have said \u201calmost\u201d unanimously, for\nthere have come to us, from a few old and tried friends, words of\nregret that we should abandon our work in Africa, so cherished in\nprecious memories.\n\nThere may be more of sentiment than of sound judgment in this plea,\nbut I beg the privilege of expressing my personal sympathy with\nthe feelings of these old friends. When I think of the toils and\nsufferings of the workers in the Mendi Mission, of the buried dead\nthere, and of the survivors now in this country, with shattered\nhealth, and when I think of the friends in this country and across\nthe ocean who have sustained this mission by their prayers and\nofferings, I am frank to admit that it has cost me sleepless hours\nand a sore heart to yield my consent to part with it\u2014unimportant\nas that consent may be. But in spite of all these sympathies and\nof old associations, the reasons for the exchange seem to me so\nconclusive as to leave no room for hesitation; and one of these\nstrong reasons is the one I have just presented\u2014the wishes of the\nchurches.\n\n2. The division will simplify the appeals in behalf of the two\nBoards.\n\nIt is a surprise that so many people know so little about\nMissionary and Benevolent Societies. This is sometimes simply\namusing, as when at the recent meeting of the American Board in\nPortland, it is said that an agent of a railroad centering in\nPortland asked if the Am. Board was an \u201cOdd Fellows\u2019 Society\u201d; and\nan intelligent looking man was overheard instructing his friend\nthat they were \u201cFreethinkers.\u201d But the matter becomes serious when\nit results in the improper designation of bequests in wills and\nlegacies. People that leave legacies to missionary societies are\ncertainly interested in them, and might be supposed to know about\nthem, but mistakes are constantly made that invalidate legacies and\ncause perplexity to heirs and loss to missionary treasuries. But\nit must be admitted that the present distribution of work and the\nappeals in its behalf foster the mistakes into which so many fall.\nSec. Humphrey, for example, appears before a Western conference\nand in eloquent and earnest words presents the broad claim of the\nAmerican Board, dwelling with emphasis on the remarkable openings\nin Africa, an almost newly discovered continent, and then calls for\nsympathy for the Indians now lifting up their hands to welcome the\nwhite man\u2019s Bible instead of his whisky. Then follows Sec. Powell\nin his vigorous and breezy way, telling not only of the colored man\nin the South but of the wonderful land of his fathers, and follows\nthis with a stirring appeal for the Indians! Is it not too much to\nexpect of the average Christian that he should be able to separate\nthese tangled branches and make each tree stand out before him in\nits own proper individuality?\n\nBut now, if the Am. Board, with its history of nearly\nthree-quarters of a century and its noble work in all parts\nof the foreign field, is recognized as the sole agency of the\nCongregational churches for foreign missions; if the Am. Home Miss.\nSociety, with its record of more than half a century, and with its\nfield stretching from Maine to California, dotted all over with\nthe monuments of its beneficial labors and filled with a vast and\never-expanding population, shall be the channel for distinctively\nhome mission work; and if the American Missionary Association, with\nits peculiar and diversified educational and religious methods,\nshall be set apart to the work among the colored people of the\nSouth and among the whites as far and as fast as the vanishing of\ncaste prejudice will permit, and also among the Indians and the\nChinamen on the Pacific Slope, then will the distinction between\nthe several societies be made clear, and Benevolence, which, like\ncommercial capital, is cautious, will see before it open and\ndistinct channels, through which it may pour its benefactions.\n\n3. Providential indications point to the change. Missionary\nSocieties, if vital and effective, are born of the Spirit, but\ndeveloped in outer form and methods of work by providential\nevents, and if their usefulness continues, they must not remain\nstagnant, but be obedient to the call of providential changes.\nThe American Board once wisely embraced three denominations of\nChristians, Congregationalists, Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed.\nBut the growth of those denominations and of the missionary zeal\nin them, made it clear that each would do more good if working\nseparately, calling out the individual responsibility of the\nseveral denominations, and the result has abundantly verified the\nanticipation. So, too, has the Board modified its work. The changes\nin its Indian missions, once reaching far South and now confined\nto Dakota, may be cited as an illustration, not of the Board\u2019s\nfickleness, but of its wisdom.\n\nThe A. M. A. has been guided to marked changes. Its original\naim was to do mission work free from all possible complications\nwith slavery. It did not, as I understand the matter, assume\nthat all other Boards were in _favor_ of slavery, while it\nalone was opposed to it, but its founders felt that the time\nhad come when their consciences could be no longer satisfied\nunless their missionary contributions and labors constituted an\nactive and public protest against slavery. The breadth of this\nprinciple included all forms of missionary efforts, and hence\nthe constitution of the Association provided for both home and\nforeign work, and in its greatest enlargement on this basis, it\nhad about 110 home missionaries in the field, and its foreign\nmissions extended to West Africa, Jamaica, the Sandwich Islands,\nSiam, the Copts in Egypt, the Indians in the United States, and\nthe refugees in Canada. But the war changed the whole aspect of\naffairs for the Association. It set free the millions of slaves\nand gave the opportunity for reaching them directly with schools\nand the Gospel. The Association at once concentrated its efforts\nupon these people, having shortly before or soon after the war\nabandoned or transferred all its missions\u2014home and foreign\u2014except\nthe Mendi, and this was retailed as cognate to its work among the\nFreedmen in this country. But now as we look back on the history\nof that mission, so useful up to the date when we surrendered our\nother foreign missions, and so comparatively unsuccessful since,\nwe are constrained to ask if it, too, should not then have been\nrelinquished.\n\nLet me detail the facts: At the annual meeting in 1861, the Mendi\nMission reported four stations, three outstations and seven\npreaching places; thirteen white missionaries on the ground, two\nwho had just returned to America, and one under appointment\u2014sixteen\nin all. Up to that date its schools and churches were prosperous,\nconverts were added, a theological class was formed and one young\nman licensed to preach. And in addition to this more direct\nevangelical work, it has exerted a marked and happy influence in\naverting war among the natives, in checking the slave trade and\nin developing industry and commerce among the people. I find this\ntestimony concerning a single station of the mission, that on the\nBoom River: \u201cThe whole trade of this river has been developed\nwithin the last ten years. It is now worth more than $40,000 a\nyear. The coast, or slave trade to the North, has been stopped.\nNatives, in their own canoes, carry their produce to market, which\nonly four years ago was bartered away for half its value. The\ncredit for this change is due to the mission. The industry of the\npeople has increased ten-fold through that influence.\u201d The mission\nat that date was the most conspicuous work of the Association, and\nthe account of it stands at the head of the Annual Report, and\noccupies seven pages. But at the close of the war, only four years\nlater, this mission took its place at the close of the Report,\noccupied only a page and a half, and the sadly significant lines\non that page and a half were: \u201cThe increased expense (owing to\nthe very high rate of exchange) combined with the great demand for\nmissionary labors among the freedmen and the absorption of young\nand middle-aged men in the armies of the country, has deprived the\ncommittee of the ability to reinforce the mission as it needs. For\nno inconsiderable portion of the year, Rev. Mr. Hinman and wife\nhave been the only white missionaries at the mission.\u201d For more\nthan ten years the mission remained inadequately recruited. In 1876\nwe sent the loved and lamented Rev. E. P. Smith to explore the\nfield with the view to enlargement, but, alas! he never returned to\ntell us the story, and his bones hallow the soil of West Africa.\nIn 1877 we inaugurated the effort to supply the mission with the\neducated sons and daughters of the freedmen. From 1877 to 1881 we\nsent thither fourteen missionaries with five children\u2014nineteen in\nall. To-day there is but one of these at the mission. Finally an\neffort was made to recruit the Mendi mission with well-trained\ncolored men, but our efforts thus far have been unsuccessful. If\ntwenty-one years ago we could have foreseen these results, could we\nhave felt justified in going forward with the mission; and with the\nresults now before us as history, can we hesitate to surrender it\nto another Board? Does not the Lord of missions seem to say to the\nAssociation: I have other work for you?\n\nBefore passing from this subject it should be stated that our\nexperiment has been favorable as to the health of colored Americans\nin Africa. Of the nineteen colored missionaries sent thither since\nthe year 1877, only three have died, one man and two women, and\nin none of these cases did death result directly from the effects\nof the climate. The retirement has in many cases been due to the\nill-health of the wives. The result emphasizes the necessity of\nvery close medical examination, especially of the women, and of\nmaturity of judgment and character in the missionaries and of\nadequate preparation in study.\n\nIn 1879 Mr. Robert Arthington made to the Association the generous\noffer of $15,000, on condition that it would establish a mission\nwithin an area designated by him on the Upper Nile in tropical\nAfrica. The Committee expressed gratitude to Mr. Arthington,\nyet feeling the responsibility of so great an undertaking, took\nsuitable time for deliberation. Estimates were made as to the\nprobable cost, and with all the light available, it was judged\nthat $50,000 would equip and found the mission. The Committee then\nproposed to undertake the mission if our British friends would\nsupplement Mr. Arthington\u2019s gift with a like amount. By the efforts\nof the Freedmen\u2019s Missions Aid Society this additional sum was\nsecured, and in 1881 Rev. Mr. Ladd and Dr. Snow made a preliminary\nexploration, extending their trip 2,500 miles up the Nile, only\nto find, however, the rebellion of the fanatical Achmet in full\ncareer on the upper Nile, and barely escaping with their lives,\ndescended the river to find the rebellion of Arabi Pasha just ready\nto break forth. The exploration was heroically and carefully made,\nand yet it showed clearly that nothing could then be done towards\nestablishing the mission, nor can anything yet be attempted in the\npresent disturbed condition of the Nile basin.\n\nIn the meantime the experience of the British missions, lately\nestablished in tropical Africa, shows us that a much larger sum\nthan $50,000 would probably be needed to plant the mission; and,\nmoreover, it has become more clear that the sud\u2014a collection of\nsoil and weeds\u2014so impedes the navigation of the Nile above the\nmouth of the Sobat as to render access to the site specially\ndesignated for the Arthington Mission extremely difficult,\nuncertain, and, at times, impossible.\n\nUnder all circumstances it has become manifest that the farther\nprosecution of the effort to plant the Arthington Mission will\ninvolve the expenditure of greater sums of money, and the\nencountering of much more formidable difficulties than we had\nanticipated at the outset\u2014and raises the question as to the wisdom\nof transferring the fund, with the possibilities of the mission,\nto another Board with larger resources and more experience, or of\nreturning the money to the generous donors.\n\nTurning now from this foreign work which the Committee are disposed\nto transfer, let me invite attention to the work which will be left\nto us, and which, in consequence of the exchange, if made, we can\nenlarge and prosecute with more vigor.\n\nI begin with the work among the Freedmen. That work has been\nremarkably, continuously and increasingly successful. It has gone\nbeyond the stage of experiment. It is planted firmly on lands and\nin permanent buildings, and still more firmly in the confidence\nof the colored people and in the respect of the white citizens.\nIt has been among the most important levers for the elevation of\nthe colored people, one of the strong influences in the settlement\nof our national problem, and a most effective instrument in the\nspread of the pure Gospel in the South. It has reached a point\nwhere it ought to be greatly enlarged. If Congress shall pass the\nbill appropriating ten millions of dollars annually among the\nStates on the basis of illiteracy, it will give such a stimulus\nto common-school education in the South as to make a demand for\nteachers by the thousand where we and all other agencies supply\nonly hundreds; it will do the preliminary work in the education of\na population that will call for a much larger number of educated\nministers; and it will give an uplift to the masses that will\nrender leaders in business and professional life a necessity to\ntheir further progress and security. The munificent gift of a\nmillion of dollars by Mr. Slater will impart a grand impulse to the\neducation of the colored people. It will doubtless render important\nhelp to many societies; it will come far short of meeting the full\nwants of any; and it would be a sad mistake, deprecated by no one\nmore than Mr. Slater himself, if this great gift should weaken the\nsense of responsibility in others. Its greatest ultimate value will\nprobably be in awakening other generous hearts to the fact that\nthe work needs millions as well as hundreds and thousands. This\npeople are generations behind the Anglo-Saxons in preparation for\nthe duties of life, and they and their children need not only as\ngreat, but for the time being greater facilities to enable them to\ncatch up in the race and then to march forward at even pace in the\nresponsibilities and privileges of citizens and Christians. The\ntime has come to push this great undertaking. The nation is aroused\nto it, and the American Missionary Association, so well prepared\nfor it, needs only to be stripped of outer and foreign garments,\nand to enter with disencumbered hands and redoubled energy and\nmeans into the great work to which it has been so plainly called.\n\nNor by this concentration will the Association lose sight of\nAfrica. It believes as much as ever that God means that the\nFreedmen have not only a great duty and destiny here, but that they\nhave also a special call and fitness to bear the Gospel to the land\nof their fathers. In its schools and churches it will direct their\nattention to this field, and endeavor to inspire them with the\nmissionary spirit. The only change will be in the hands that shall\nlead them to Africa and guide and cheer them on in the work there.\nThe Association and the Board will work harmoniously and more\nefficiently to this great end, the one on this continent, the other\non that.\n\nThe A. M. A. is prepared to do an enlarged work among the Indians.\nPopular consent in the churches supporting the Association has\nassigned to it especially the care of the colored races in America.\nThere is a fitness in putting these together; they are alike\nalien to European blood: they are alike the victims of caste\nprejudice, and they alike need schools as well as churches. The\nAssociation has been the strenuous opponent of race oppression\nand caste prejudice, and has devoted itself to the varied modes\nof industrial, educational and church work needed by these races.\nThey should no longer be regarded as the subject of foreign mission\nefforts. The Indians, for example, are the original inhabitants\nof the land, and the strenuous efforts of those most interested\nin their welfare are to induce the government to make no treaties\nwith them as foreigners, but to bring them as rapidly as possible\ninto the ranks of citizens, sharing the protection of law and\nholding lands in severalty. It is a hindrance to this desirable\nconsummation if the Indians are treated ecclesiastically and\nreligiously as foreigners. If the State makes them citizens the\nchurch ought certainly to regard them as \u201cno more strangers and\nforeigners, but fellow citizens.\u201d On the other hand, no home\nmission board with its simple plan for aiding in the formation of\nchurches and the support of ministers can adequately meet their\nwants. They need the school and the industrial training as well as\nthe church, and these the A. M. A. is prepared to furnish and to\ncarry forward under the light of its ample experience in the South.\n\nThe Association is no stranger to the Indian work. At one time\nit had twenty-one missionaries among them. It is true that its\nmissions were abandoned in large measure and the efforts of the\nAssociation concentrated upon the South. But precious fruits\nare yet gathered from that neglected planting. The Association\ngave its hearty co-operation to the peace policy of Gen. Grant,\nrendering useful service to the Government and the Indians by the\nappointment of some _good_ agents, a few of whom, notwithstanding\nall detractions and temptations, are alive and remain unto this\npresent. It has aided in the education of Indian youth at Hampton,\nand the Committee had voted for the current year a much larger\nappropriation for Indian work. If the Board shall transfer to it\nthe Dakota Mission, the responsibility and the call for funds may\nbe larger than was anticipated, but if it be the call of Providence\nthere will be no shrinking from duty.\n\nCaste-prejudice is the curse of most of the nations yet unconverted\nto Christ, and a great hindrance to the Gospel. In this country it\nis the bitterest force left by Slavery\u2014bitter in him who cherishes\nit, and in him who suffers from it. Christianity must conquer it\nas it did slavery\u2014for the world. It can do this; its love can\nsubdue the pride of the Caucasian, and its light and power uplift\nthe negro, the Chinaman and the Indian. To the practical preaching\nof this love and light must the American Missionary Association\ndevote its concentrated efforts, till all the people of this land\nshall come into the fellowship of the Gospel and into the glorious\nliberty of the children of God.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nADDRESSES AT THE ANNUAL MEETING.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nPRESIDENT HAYES\u2019 ADDRESS.\n\nMr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen.\u2014Without preface I proceed\nat once to state the proposition to which I ask your considerate\nattention. The friends of popular education believe that the time\nhas fully come when national aid should be given wherever such\naid is needed, and to the extent that it is needed, for the free\neducation of all the citizens of the United States. The grave\nnecessity for national aid for education is in the Southern States,\nand especially for the colored people. But the white people of\nthe South also need it. The people of New Mexico and the other\nTerritories need it. It is not improbable that by reason of\nimmigration from countries where popular education is neglected,\nsome of the new States and some of the large cities may need it.\nThe Indians did need it, but happily the large appropriations\nrecently made for their education\u2014amounting to almost half a\nmillion of dollars for the next fiscal year, and the action of the\ngovernment during the last few years in behalf of their education\nat Hampton, at Carlisle, in Oregon, at the Indian agencies, and\nat tribal schools, have at last fully committed the nation to\nthe wise and beneficent policy of fitting the Indians, as far\nas practicable, and as fast as practicable, for the duties and\nprivileges of American citizenship.\n\nThe bills pending in Congress on the subject of national aid\nfor education are of two classes. One class seeks to establish\na permanent fund by devoting to the purpose the receipts of the\nsales of the public lands, or from the taxes on spirituous liquors,\nor from other specified sources. By the other class of measures\nthe money required is appropriated directly from the public\ntreasury. The measure which perhaps meets with most favor is the\nlatter class. It requires that ten or fifteen millions of dollars\na year shall be distributed among the States\u2014each State to have\nthat proportion of this sum which its illiteracy bears to the\ntotal illiteracy of the whole country. This appropriation, it is\ncontemplated, will be continued long enough to test the value of\nthe measure, or until the States themselves shall become able to\nprovide for the free education of all citizens.\n\nAnd now, my friends, what are the grounds upon which these measures\nare supported? This question opens a wide field of discussion\u2014a\nfield so large that I do not hope to make even a hasty survey of\nthe whole of it in the time limited by the proprieties of this\noccasion. Fortunately, it is not at all important that I should\nattempt it. The facts, the figures and the arguments bearing on\nthe subject are all familiar. The embarrassment is that they have\nbeen repeated so often and presented so ably that one hesitates\nto spread them again before such an audience as this. But if the\nquestion is asked, why repeat what is already so familiar, the\nreply is cogent and near at hand. The evil we deplore and wish\nto remove still remains. In spite of the work of the religious\ndenominations, and of benevolent associations and individuals,\nthe number of ignorant men armed with ballots which control the\nNation\u2019s destiny grows larger and larger. Congress hesitates to\nact, has adopted no remedy, and has not even reached a test vote\non the question. This leaves to the friends of free and universal\neducation at the South no recourse, except further agitation. This\nis the American way to obtain from the government needed reforms.\nSenators and Representatives have made reports and speeches, which\ncover the whole ground. Voluminous and valuable writings leave\nnothing to be desired by the citizen who would conscientiously\ninvestigate this question.\n\nThere is another testimony in behalf of the right side of this\nimportant subject which must not be overlooked. More than\nseventeen years have passed since the close of the great war which\nconsolidated the Union, gave liberty to the slaves and opened\nthe way for free education at the South. During all of that time\na stream of benevolent enterprises and efforts has been poured\ninto the South in aid of this work by the various religious\ndenominations and by missionary and charitable associations. Rich\nmen have been glad to contribute to it generously out of their\nabundance. Many men and women from humble homes have nobly given\ntheir best years\u2014their very lives\u2014in the face of privations,\nhardships and unparalleled discouragements to uplift an obscure and\ninjured people just released from the house of bondage. The history\nof these voluntary organizations and voluntary individual efforts\nis radiant with examples of self-sacrificing devotion in doing the\nwork of the Divine Master, which are at once touching and sublime.\nIf one could enumerate all that has been done, contributed,\nsacrificed and suffered by associations and individuals for the\nregeneration of the South, it would go far toward demonstrating to\nthe satisfaction of all fair-minded people that God has given to\nthis generation of the prosperous citizens of the United States a\nduty and a privilege with respect to their countrymen of both races\nin the South of unexampled interest to the Nation and to the cause\nof human freedom throughout the world.\n\nBut admirable as their work has been, if we wisely consider the\nmagnitude of the task that remains, we shall begin to apprehend\nthat we have only picked up here and there a few pebbles on the\nshore, while the great ocean of ignorance stretches vast and\nuntouched before us.\n\nThe following statistical tables are only too familiar:\n\n_Number of Males in the late Slave-holding States twenty-one Years\nof age and upward who could not Read and Write in 1870 and 1880_:\n\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u20141870.\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u20141880.\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n White. Colored. White. Colored.\n Total 217,371 850,032 410,550 944,424\n\n Total number of illiterates of voting age in the\n late slave-holding States in 1870 1,167,303\n In 1880 1,354,974\n Increase of illiterate voters in the South from\n 1870 to 1880 187,671\n Increase of illiterate whites of voting age from\n 1870 to 1880 93,279\n Increase of illiterate colored people of voting\n age from 1870 to 1880 94,392\n Total number of males of voting age in the South\n in 1880 4,154,125\n Total number of illiterate males of voting age in\n the South in 1880 1,354,974\n 32.3 per cent of the voters in the South are illiterate.\n Of the illiterates 69.7 per cent are colored and 30.3\n are whites.\n\nFrom these tables it appears that the illiterate voters in each\none of the eight Southern States having the largest proportion of\nemancipated slaves exceed in number the majority of votes ever\ncast even at the most important elections. In one of these States\nthe ignorant voters constitute an absolute majority of the total\nvoting population of the State. In more than one-third of the Union\nthe ignorant voters are almost one-third of the total number of\nvoters. Most seriously important of all, these tables show that\nthe illiterate voters of the South have increased in the last\nten years, from 1870 to 1880, almost two hundred thousand. This\nincrease of ignorant voters in the last decade exceeds the number\nof votes cast in any one of more than twenty of the States of the\nUnion at the last Presidential election. Adopting a phraseology\nthat was very familiar in the political debates of a generation\nago, it may be truly said that ignorance at the ballot box has\nincreased, is increasing, and ought to be diminished.\n\nIn the electoral colleges which choose the President, in both\nHouses of Congress, in all the departments of the national\ngovernment, ignorance at the South is as efficient for evil\u2014as\nmischievous and dangerous\u2014as if it was in New England or New York,\nor here in the Western Reserve. It was settled by the war for the\nUnion beyond recall that the United States constitute one people\nand have one national life, one interest and one destiny.\n\nRecognizing this to be one of the legitimate results of the war,\nthe people of the Nation by constitutional amendments entered\ninto every State and defined and regulated those vital elements\nof free government\u2014citizenship and suffrage. In pursuance of\nthese amendments the lately-emancipated slaves by the most solemn\nexpression of the national will became citizens and voters. In the\npresence of these facts, how can a statesman say that under this\nConstitution there is no duty and no power to give national aid to\nfit by education these freedmen for the responsible positions in\nwhich the Nation has placed them?\n\nUnder the Constitution as it was before these vital amendments\nwere made, Washington, Adams, Jefferson and other great men of the\nearly days of the Republic, whom we are accustomed to call the\n\u201cFathers,\u201d by significant and solemn enactments and recommendations\nfully affirmed the principle that the general government could and\nought to give encouragement and aid to the education of the people.\nThey placed in the ordinance of 1787 for the government of the\nNorthwest Territory, as the corner stone of the institutions they\nwished to build, this article: \u201cReligion, morality and knowledge\nbeing necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind,\n_schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged_.\u201d\nUnder every administration from the origin of the government to the\npresent time, appropriations of money or land for education in the\nStates and Territories have been made by the general government,\nand it is now too late to question the constitutional power of\nCongress to make such grants.\n\nThe exercise of this authority by Congress is in strict accordance\nwith the distribution of the governmental powers, which is one of\nthe distinguishing features of our American institutions. Whatever\nin civilized communities individual citizens can do better than\nany public authority is wisely left to individuals. Whatever\nlocal organizations, such as counties, towns and cities, can more\nefficiently accomplish than individuals, or the State, or national\ngovernment, belongs to the local authorities. The extensive range\nof powers which State governments can most beneficially exercise\nshould be confided to the States. The aim of the framers of the\nnational Constitution, and of the people who have amended the\noriginal instrument, has been to confer on the national government\nthose supreme powers which would enable it to secure to the people\nof the United States, \u201cunion,\u201d \u201cjustice,\u201d \u201ctranquillity,\u201d \u201cthe\ncommon defense,\u201d \u201cthe general welfare,\u201d and \u201cthe blessings of\nliberty to themselves and their posterity.\u201d\n\nThe history of education in this country and in Europe abundantly\nproves that individuals and communities never have and never can\nprovide universal education. Government alone is adequate to the\ntask.\n\nIn the free States, in many cases, after a long and doubtful\nstruggle, it has been settled that the State can and ought to\nprovide free instruction for all its people. In almost all of the\nlate slave-holding States, however, especially in those States in\nwhich the number of colored people is large, the efforts made since\ntheir reconstruction have conclusively shown that to establish and\nsupport an efficient system of free education without aid from\nthe national government, in the existing condition of the South,\nis simply impossible. The situation of the South is so manifestly\nexceptional that it is needless to dwell upon it. Slavery and\nfree schools would not dwell together. Slavery did not, could\nnot, tolerate universal education. I do not pause to debate the\nquestion, who was responsible for slavery. It is perhaps enough\nto say that the Union and the Constitution breathed into this\nNation the breath of life, and gave to it that glorious history\nof which we are so proud. To the Union and to the Constitution we\nare indebted for our present prosperity, power and prestige, and\nthe still more inspiring future which lies before us. The Union\nand the Constitution, to which we owe all that we are, and have\nbeen, and shall be, contained and recognized slavery. All who took\npart in forming the Union or in framing the Constitution, all who\nmaintained them down to the war which brought emancipation, are in\nsome degree and in some sense responsible for slavery. The only\nAmerican citizens who are in no way responsible for slavery are\nthe sons of Africa. \u201cThey are here by the crimes of our ancestors\nand the misfortunes of theirs.\u201d And it is especially these colored\npeople who now eagerly and with uplifted hands implore the Nation\nfor that light which education alone can give, and without which\nthey cannot discharge the duties which the Constitution requires by\nmaking them citizens and voters.\n\nThe slaveholders of the South had their full share of educational\nfacilities. But when the war ended, their impoverishment was more\ncomplete and disastrous than ever before befell a wealthy and\ncivilized community. Without capital, without credit, without a\nlabor system, and burdened with debt, they were in no condition\nto establish free schools. Want of means was not the only\ndifficulty. Neither white nor colored people at the South had any\nknowledge or experience which would help them in establishing\npopular education. The colored people were eager to learn. To them\neducation was a badge of freedom. But encumbered with we know not\nhow many centuries of barbarism behind them, and certainly with\ntwo or three centuries of bondage, they were utterly helpless to\ndo anything which presupposes knowledge and experience in relation\nto the complex methods and organizations of social life in highly\ncivilized communities.\n\nWe need not dwell on this aspect of the subject. It has plainly\ncome to pass that the whole question of popular education at the\nSouth must be considered and dealt with by the great body of the\nwhole people of the Nation. The appeal must be made to the popular\njudgment, conscience and patriotism. War measures and political\nmeasures are no longer required to settle the controversies of\nthe past, or for reconstruction in the South. To finish the work\nof uplifting the slave, and to fuse into one harmonious whole our\nlately divided people, we must rely upon the healing influences of\ntime, and upon the forces which religion, business and education\ncan furnish. Of these forces, the government can usefully\nemploy only one. The stream of time will flow on, \u201cThe designs\nof Providence to fulfill.\u201d Religion, depending under God, upon\nindividual conscience and sense of duty, unaided by government,\nwins its way by the voluntary contributions and efforts of\nChristian men and women. Business, an agency of vast and unmeasured\npower in promoting the peaceful progress of mankind, results from\na deeply seated and universal principle of human nature\u2014self\ninterest\u2014and will most efficiently do its work when government\nwisely lets it alone. To complete reconstruction and regeneration\nin the South, the only force now left to the government is popular\neducation.\n\nLet national aid to this good cause be withheld no longer. Let it\nbe given by wise measures based on sound principles, and carefully\nguarded. But let it be given promptly, generously and without\nstint, to the end that the whole American people may be reared\nup to the full stature of mental and moral manhood required for\nintelligent self-government under our American institutions.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nADDRESS OF PRESIDENT A. D. WHITE.\n\nFELLOW CITIZENS: At that period to which our distinguished chairman\nhas just referred at the close of the late civil war there were\npresented to this nation a number of great questions, appalling\nby their magnitude and by the dangers of a wrong decision. Among\nthese I think one was in the hearts of all thinking men foremost:\nWhat shall be done with these millions formerly chattels, now\ncitizens, the wards of the nation, the wards of humanity? Two\nanswers were given to that question. Two paths were open to the\ntriumphant nation. The first path laid out before us by many was\nsimply confiscation. It was said: Don\u2019t in Heaven\u2019s name give to\nthis country a great class of agricultural laborers divorced from\nthe soil, with no property in the land upon which they stand, for\nif you do this you will but have escaped from the black sea of\nbondage into the red sea of pauperism and of socialism. We were\ntold that right favored such a course. It was declared that these\nfreedmen had a right to the soil which for ages had obtained\nits only value from the unpaid labor of themselves and of their\nforefathers for many generations. We were also told that experience\nfavored such a course. We were pointed to Russia, where by the\nukase of the despot a vast body of serfs had been set free, and\nhad been endowed from the lands of their former masters. But,\nthank God, nobler counsels prevailed. The better instincts of the\nAnglo-Saxon race predominated. May I not say that the rising, the\nreviving spirit of brotherhood between North and South averted such\na catastrophe. Nay, may I not go farther and still more truthfully\nsay that that same hand of the Almighty, which every reverent\nand thoughtful student of history sees displayed so clearly in\nthe history of our nation from first to last, was never more\nevident than when we avoided this path to new and deeper wells of\nbitterness. But on the other hand there was pointed out another\npath\u2014a path chosen by devoted women, by earnest men, and that\npath was simply education. It led us at first, no doubt, through\nthickets of dislike; it led over chasms of hatred; nay, still\nworse, it led through vast deserts of indifference\u2014but at last it\nbecame better and broader. It became better footing; it became more\nand more paved with the noble deeds of self-sacrificing men and\nwomen. It became more and more shaded by noble growths of human\nself-sacrifice until all could see it as the appointed highway and\na better and nobler future for the whole nation.\n\nMy distinguished friend who has preceded me has looked at this\nquestion from a lofty point of view\u2014the point of view of a\nstatesman\u2014the point of view of one who has been able to survey\nthis and the other questions which naturally connect themselves\nwith it over this entire nation from the highest seat which any\nloyal son of this Republic recognizes\u2014the Chief Magistracy of the\nUnited States. May I be permitted to survey it from a much humbler\nelevation\u2014from that of a simple instructor of young men, whose duty\nfor years has been to show to young men, and, indeed, I am happy\nnow to say, young women also\u2014to show to them the indications in\nhuman history of the great hand of God leading humanity on through\nall that blooms and decays, through all that struggles and suffers,\nthrough all that falters or stands fast, to the great goal which\nDivine Providence has appointed. And in that view and from that\npoint I do not hesitate to reiterate the assertion that in all\nour history there is no greater proof of a Divine intelligence\nwhich takes an interest in the affairs of this world than in that\nHeaven-inspired choice of the path of education rather than the\npath of confiscation.\n\nYou will remember, doubtless, fellow citizens, that prophecy of\nThomas Jefferson\u2014the greatest political genius whom our country has\nyet seen\u2014that prophecy which used to ring in the hearts of some of\nus before the civil war, even into the watches of the night\u2014that\nfamous prophecy which seems to have come from Divine inspiration,\nbeginning with those terrible words: \u201cI tremble when I remember\nthat God is just.\u201d Had Thomas Jefferson foreseen the fulfillment of\nhis prophecy he would have been blasted with horror at the sight\nof the wrath of the Almighty poured forth over this land, North\nand South, for, as has so well been observed, whatever sin there\nwas, rested at the doors of the North as at the doors of the South.\nBut had that great political genius looked over and beyond this\nout-pouring of God\u2019s wrath, he would have seen an out-pouring of\nmercy which would have led him to kneel humbly in adoration at the\nblessings lavished upon the future nation. He would have seen the\nnation welded together into one homogeneous whole as never before.\nHe would have seen prosperity revived as it had never been dreamed\nof by the most sanguine. He would have seen an enlightenment and\ncivilization taking their roots, which he, with all his optimism,\nnever dared dream of.\n\nBut, fellow-citizens, what is the especial question which confronts\nus at this moment? It has been most ably presented by the eminent\ngentleman who has just spoken, but you will permit a few words more\nupon some aspects of it which especially strike me. The question\nsimply is, how shall this path which heaven has indicated to us,\nhow shall this path of education be broadened into a great highway\nworthy of the nation, sure to bring it to a worthy future? Now,\nthere are various agencies which will co-operate in this great\nwork. The first to which I will allude is the munificence of\npublic-spirited and devoted men and women. There seems to be no\nlimit to that. The scene which some of us witnessed this morning,\nthe giving over of an immense sum to the endowment of a college in\nthis city, is but the token of a vast outpouring of munificence\nfor advanced education such as this world never saw before. There\nis to be\u2014mark the prophecy, fellow-citizens\u2014great as has been the\noutpouring of wealth heretofore, and the statistics show in ten\nyears, gifts to the amount of $60,000,000, we are told; there is to\nbe in this time of revived prosperity an outpouring of wealth far\ngreater, to which all this which we have seen is as nothing. That\nwill go to build up the high schools and academies, the technical\nschools, the colleges, the universities, perhaps. We can rely on\nthat. But there is another agency. All this mass of education must\nbe permeated, must be informed by the spirit of morality, which is\nbedded in religion. That can only come from the great Christian\nsentiment of this country as voiced in the Christian Church, and\nif the Christian Church shall rise to the height of the great\nargument, if she shall recognize her great mission, and there are\nplentiful signs\u2014many of them have been vouchsafed here within the\nlast three days\u2014there are plentiful signs that she is to do this;\nif she shall stand forth in the panoply of her Master, if she\nshall catch the spirit of the sermon on the mount, of the first\ngreat commandment and the second which is like unto it, of that\ndefinition of pure religion and undefiled, as given by St. James,\nall this mass of education can be permeated, can be informed by\nmorality based upon religion. We hear alarm expressed in various\nquarters at new phases of thought, at what many, not understanding,\nhave called the dangers of infidelity. Fellow citizens, there is\nnever any danger of infidelity in any land where the Christian\nChurch puts herself at the head of the great forces for right and\njustice and enlightenment acting upon the civilization of that\ncountry. Danger comes as it came in France, when the church forgot\nits mission and sided with despotism. Danger comes as it came in\nEngland two centuries ago and less when the church sided with a\nbesotted monarchy and aristocracy. Danger comes as it came not so\nmany years ago in our own country when the church was led, in some\nplaces at least, to make apologies for human slavery; but when\nshe arrays herself at the head of great movements like this, and\ninsists on doing works of self-sacrifice, of mercy, of justice,\nof right, tell me not of any fears of infidelity. Then I am sure\nwill come the noblest and the grandest triumphs of Christianity.\nBut is this sufficient? My friend has already shown you that it\nis not. Great as this outpouring of munificence has been and is\nto be, it requires even more than that for the great base part,\nthe fundamental part of the work, and that is the work of bringing\nabout a state of things under which every child, white and black,\nshall be educated suitably to his or her duties. How shall this be\ndone? Can it be done by private munificence, great as it is? I say\nno. The State of New York alone pays for primary education, common\nschool education, every year, more than ten millions of dollars.\nWe cannot expect this steady outpouring for this fundamental part\nof the system. As my friend has so ably shown, that can only be\nundertaken by humanity organized by States, and by the Nation. Can\nthe States do it alone? Again I say no. It must be done by the\nNation acting in concert with the States. The Nation must plant in\nevery State which has not an educational system now, or which has\nnot an adequate educational system, a nucleus of a system around\nwhich State endeavors may crystallize, which shall encourage these\nSouthern States which have been so discouraged, which have been, as\nmy distinguished friend has shown, so trodden down\u2014so broken down\nI will say, not trodden down\u2014so broken down by the events of the\nlast twenty years. Now, how shall this be accomplished? There are\ntwo ways. The first is by direct appropriation. That has already\nbeen discussed before you. Fellow citizens, if it were to take\ntwice or thrice the sum named it would not be felt by any tax-payer\nin this land. It would deprive not one man, woman or child in all\nthis national domain of one single comfort. But suppose we cannot\nget Congress up to the mark of making an appropriation in money.\nThere is another method. It was a method advocated perhaps more\nthan fifty years ago, by that sainted friend of right and humanity,\nWilliam Ellery Channing. That was the consecration\u2014that was his\nword, and it was a most happy word\u2014the consecration of the national\ndomain, all of it that has not been given since by the homestead\nact and by various other acts for the promotion of various\ncommercial enterprises, the consecration of the proceeds of the\nsales of the national domain, sacredly, to a fund for the education\nof the whole people to their great duties and their great destiny.\n\nIt seems to me that this movement can still be pressed. Congress\ncan still be made to see that something must be done by the\nGovernment of the United States to open up this great path of\neducation in the interest of the entire nation; but, fellow\ncitizens, I am aware that some objections are made. Let me refer\nto them very briefly. The first is what may be called a political\nobjection. It is said, leave this matter to time, leave it to the\npeople, leave it to take care of itself. I have always noticed that\nwhen a political man wants to evade a question, wants to evade any\ntrouble in the matter, he always says leave it to time, leave it\nto the natural forces, leave it to itself. Now, in addition to the\nargument that has already been so ably presented to you, let me\nsay that the greatest apostle of the \u201claissez faire\u201d system, the\nsystem under which everything is to be left to the natural course,\nJohn Stuart Mill, has expressly and in terms made an exception\nas regards popular education. This, he says, must be dealt with\nby organized humanity. This must be planned and carried out by\nthe comparatively small number of men who see at the first the\nimportance of it, and by that vast force which government alone\ncan exercise. My friends, if it is left to time and chance, what\nis likely to follow? You can see as well as I. There comes first\nindifference. The great population concerned sinks back first into\nindifference and then into a sort of complacency, and finally into\nself-congratulation that somehow they are better than communities\nthat are educated. There is nobody after all quite so conceited,\nI think you will find that the world over, as the man who is\nignorant. He sees that educated men make certain mistakes. He\nmakes no such. Therefore, he at last arrives at the point, he very\noften does, and especially when his ignorance is shared by a great\npopulation, that somehow he is superior to those who are educated.\nThen comes the greatest of all dangers. Then comes the danger of\ndespotism, the despotism of an unenlightened mob of millions; and\nof all despotisms, fellow citizens, this, all history proves, is\nthe very worst. Give me an autocrat, give me a despot the worst\nin history, and I will take him cheerfully rather than that\nmany-headed despot, an unenlightened, uneducated democracy. Ah!\nmy friends, you can make one despot see that his interest lies in\nthe interest of his country. You can bring home to a single despot\na sense of shame, a sense of honor, a sense of responsibility.\nYou can never bring that home to a mob. It was said that the old\nBourbon despotism of France was a despotism tempered by epigrams;\nbut what wit, what wisdom shall temper a mob of uneducated\nmillions, extending over thousands and thousands of square miles of\nterritory. There is also a not often stated, generally unavowed,\nbut none the less strong on that account, there is what may be\ncalled a social objection. It is freely avowed in Europe; I have\noften heard it. It is sometimes sneakingly avowed in our own\ncountry, and that is this: Is it not after all better that this\nlower class should not know much? Is it not much better to keep it\nso that it will feel its dependence on the upper class? My friends,\nof all mistakes all history proves that is the most fatal, for\nwhen you pursue that policy which seems so easy at first you find\nthat you have at last divided a nation into two strata\u2014the upper\na thin stratum of pride and arrogance sustained by terrorism, the\nlower a thick stratum of class ignorance which may at any moment be\ninflamed by fanaticism or exploded by unrest. No, fellow citizens,\nthe only course is so to educate the whole mass that it will see\nthat its interest is on the side of law and order, so that it\nwill be able to understand the simple presentation of rudimentary\npolitical truths.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nADDRESS OF THE REV. A. G. HAYGOOD, D.D.\n\nPresident of Emory College, Oxford, GA.\n\nMr. President: I never saw the day since Christ converted me that\nmy heart did not warm toward any good cause that, in its plans and\nefforts, took in the whole human race. This American Missionary\nAssociation represents such a cause, and I am grateful for the\nprivilege of taking some small part in this anniversary meeting.\nAnd I am the more glad because this meeting is held in the city\nwhere Garfield, our President, awaits the resurrection of the just.\nPresident Hayes did good work for the South, for which history\nwill give him due credit. It was this: he let the South alone that\nthe storm-rocked sea might calm itself. President Garfield\u2014living,\ndying, and dead\u2014awoke within the hearts of the masses of the\nSouthern people the throbs of a profounder national sentiment than\nthey had felt in twenty years.\n\nIt is becoming that I speak this evening of that part of your work\nwhich I understand best, your work in the Southern States; and of\nthat part of it which I know best, your work for the negroes. Any\nwork of importance, as to its extent, methods, or designs, done\namong the negroes must arouse interest in all thinking minds.\nThe negro has been in America 260 years; there are not far from\n7,000,000 of them here to-day; nearly all of them are in the\nSouthern States. At the close of our war for independence there\nwere in the United States about 700,000 negroes. Within a century\nthey have multiplied ten times. How many will they be by 1982?\nTo speak in round numbers, the increase of the total population\nof this country from 1870 to 1880, as the last census shows was\n30 per cent; the increase of the white population, aided largely\nas it was by immigration, was 28 per cent.; the increase of the\nnegro population, unaided by immigration, was 34 per cent. It is\nonly very foolish people who can be indifferent to such facts;\nthoughtful men will consider them.\n\nVisionaries and cranks may dream and declaim of solving the problem\nof our future and theirs by getting them somehow out of this\ncountry. But, if it were desirable or practicable to transport\nthem, they are born faster than whole navies can move them, and it\nis as undesirable as it is impracticable. They are here to stay,\nand so far as men can see, for the most part where they now are, in\nthe Southern States of this Union.\n\nThey are now nearly one-seventh of our population, and by the\nprovidence of God they are free men and voters. The time has about\npassed, Mr. President, for the North to please itself with eloquent\nspeech concerning their emancipation and for the South to fret\nitself with fervent denunciation concerning their enfranchisement.\nIt were wiser and more profitable for the people of both sections\nto accept the facts of a difficult question, to discuss the issues\nof 1882, and in a business like way, to do our best to make the\nmost of them. As to the now dominant sentiment in the South, nobody\nwho has good sense wants them back in slavery, and the South, you\nmay depend upon it, will never consent for the ballot to be taken\nfrom them.\n\nEverybody knows that when they received the ballot _en masse_ they\nwere utterly unprepared for it. As a class they had just three\nideas concerning the ballot when it was given to them. First. They\nlooked upon it as a symbol of their freedom; this, I believe did\nthem good. Second. They received it as a special mark of the love\nborne to them by the people of the North; this made them vain of\nit, and alienated them from their white neighbors. Third. Their\npredominant notion was that it was given them to \u201ckeep the old\nrebels down;\u201d this spoiled them for fair-minded politics. But as a\nclass they lacked conscience in the use of it.\n\nYou will pardon a single illustration of their capacity for\nenlightened politics. For nearly eight years I have had in my\nemployment a colored man, Daniel Martin by name. He is about my own\nage. I trust him fully in all matters for which he has capacity. We\nare much attached to each other, and, the truth is, we have been\ntaking care of each other for a good while. He gets better wages\nthan ordinary colored men in our community, and is much above the\naverage of his race in character and common sense. He can read\n\u201ccoarse print,\u201d and can sign his name imperfectly. You will miss\nthe point of my illustration unless you bear in mind that he had\nsteadily voted the Republican ticket from the beginning of his\ncitizenship to the date of my story. And he so votes till this day.\nThe day before the Hayes and Tilden election he was plowing in a\nlittle field near my house. One of our students quizzed him about\nhis views and intentions: \u201cHow are you going to vote to-morrow,\nUncle Daniel?\u201d It is a peculiarity of the Southern negro that he\nnever delivers a solemn judgment on any subject without coming to\na full halt in whatever engages him. One consequence is, he comes\nto a great many halts in his work. Another peculiarity of at least\nthe Southern negro is, that he thinks in metaphor and speaks in\nparables. So Daniel, stopping his horse and sticking his plow\ndeeper into the ground, delivered himself as follows: \u201cNow, Mr.\nLongstreet, you see I is plowin dis furrow. If I only plow dis\nfurrow I makes dis furrow too deep and I don\u2019t plow de balance of\nde patch.\u201d Mr. Longstreet admitted the force of the statement.\nDaniel continued in answer to the young man\u2019s question: \u201cI think\nthings is ben gwine on in one way long enough; I think dere\nought to be a change. Wherefore I is gwine to vote for Mr. Hayes\nto-morrow\u2014git up, Bill.\u201d\n\nNext day he and I went to our county town; he voted for Hayes that\nthere might be a change; I voted for Tilden that there might be\na change; he killed my vote\u2014or possibly one of yours\u2014and we were\n\u201cequal before the law.\u201d\n\nBut few of them are now prepared to vote intelligently, and\nballots, whether cast by fair or dark hands, in the hands of\nignorance are dangerous to free institutions. Are not you of the\nNorth nearly as much concerned in the quality of the negro\u2019s\nballot as we of the South are? Till recently, they voted \u201csolid\u201d\nfor the Republican ticket. A few weeks ago, in Georgia, the\nmajority of them voted for an ex-Confederate Brigadier General, who\nfought bravely at the first Manassas, and who ran for Governor as\nan Independent Democrat, receiving, however, the whole Republican\nvote; and thousands of them voted for the nominee of the Democratic\nparty, the ex-Vice-President of the Confederacy. No white man\nrunning for any office in the South will refuse their votes, and,\nso far as I know, their votes are always sought when there is any\nchance to get them. I am not sure but that his ignorance makes him\nmore dangerous as a voter when both parties seek his vote than\nwhen it is given solid to one. In your work in the South, Mr.\nPresident, I rejoice, for many reasons. The reason I now mention\nis this: That work is helping to prepare the negro for his duties\nas a citizen. I can well understand how the best and wisest people\nin the North feel most deeply and solemnly their obligation to\ndo this work. For you gave him the ballot, and history will not\njustify that gift unless you do all that you can do to prepare him\nfor its intelligent use. Not now, nor during the next generation,\ncan the South do this work alone. Unless you continue to help,\nand to help mightily, it cannot be done. As to primary education,\nmany in the South\u2014and I, for one, agree with them\u2014believe with our\nSenator Brown, of Georgia, that the national government should come\nto the rescue and help the States in this work\u2014distributing its\naid on the basis of illiteracy. This would give the South a large\nshare of \u201cappropriations under the old flag.\u201d What if it does? The\nSouth is part of you, and you are part of the South\u2014if this is a\nUnion and a Nation. Slowly but surely, as it seems to me, we are\nbeginning to understand our relations to each other. Some day we\nwill, it is to be hoped, understand one another so well and agree\nso amicably that the phrases \u201cthe North\u201d and \u201cthe South\u201d shall have\nonly geographical meaning. President Arthur, many thanks to him\nfor this, made no allusion to \u201cthe South\u201d in his first message to\nCongress.\n\nIf the general government gives this needed help, it will be in the\ninterest of the whole country, although the Southern States may\nget, for once, the lion\u2019s share. For we are a large part of this\ncountry; we are in the Union and intend to stay there\u2014if we have to\nwhip somebody in order to do it. But, in the nature of things, this\nsort of help must be temporary, and, as I suppose, should, like\nthe educational work of the State governments, be carried on, for\nthe most part, in the common schools. The thing that must be done,\nif our work is to stand, is to train up among the negroes, as well\nas among the whites, men and women who can teach the children of\ntheir race\u2014teach them in homes, in school-houses and in churches.\nThis cannot be done by the State as it should be done. For if, as\none has said, the \u201cnegroes need educated Christianity,\u201d it is also\ntrue that they must have Christianized education in order to get\nit. This the State does not and cannot give. To achieve this most\ndesirable and necessary result the school-house and the church must\nwork together. There must be Bibles in the schools that are to\ntrain teachers among this people, and there must be Christian men\nand women in them who both teach and practice religion.\n\nThis, as it appears to me, is what you and others like you are\ntrying to do for the negroes. Your annual reports show that your\nAssociation is doing successfully, and on a very broad scale, this\nmost necessary work. I do not particularize; your Secretaries have\ncovered all that ground.\n\nYou are raising up in these schools men and women who, in the years\nto come, can, will and must teach the children of their people.\nHundreds of them are doing it now. I say must; for Christianized\neducation must, by its instinctive and divine impulses, perpetuate\nitself and diffuse itself. Christian education, whether in\nChristian or heathen lands, is the most aggressive and formative\ninfluence that is now shaping the destiny of the human race. When\nyou send out from Nashville, from Berea, from Atlanta and New\nOrleans young men and women who are both educated and religious,\nyou send into the very masses of these untaught millions those who\nmust teach what they have learned both from books and from Christ.\nAgain I say must, for the spirit that is in an educated Christian\nman or woman is, as the old Methodist preacher used to say, \u201ca fire\nin the bones,\u201d and it will blaze out.\n\nThe author of the Declaration of Independence wrote, it is said, in\n1782, this prediction: \u201cNothing is more certainly written in the\nbook of fate than that these people are to be free; nor is it less\ncertain that the two races, equally free, cannot live in the same\ngovernment.\u201d\n\nIt does not surprise me that Mr. Jefferson made both of these\npredictions. As to the first, there was at that time in Virginia\nand other Southern States a strong party that favored the\nemancipation of the slaves. As to the second prediction, he had\nstudied French philosophy more than he had studied Christianity.\nIf this country were pagan Rome, or infidel France, the first\nprediction would have failed\u2014they would not have been set free by\nthe will of men. Had they been set free, the second prediction\nwould have been fulfilled, for in a pagan or infidel country,\nthe two races could not be equally free \u201cand live in the same\ngovernment.\u201d They would not have been set free had this not been\na Christian country; as it is a Christian country, the two races,\nequally free before the law, can live in the same government and\nthe problem of their citizenship can be solved.\n\nBut this problem cannot be solved by legislation alone. Time\nhas proved the truth of the weighty words delivered at your\nanniversary in 1875, by that venerable and great man who was taken\nto heaven last winter. At that time the Rev. Dr. Leonard Bacon\nwrote these words: \u201cI come to this conclusion, legislation on the\npart of the national government is no longer to be invoked in aid\nof fundamental reconstruction. Attempts by Congress to employ\nforce for the abolition of prejudices and antipathies in social\nintercourse do not help the cause in which the American Missionary\nAssociation is at work. I used the word force, because law enforced\nis force, and law not enforced is not law. The more completely\nour cause can be henceforth disentangled from all connection with\npolitical parties and agitators, the better for its progress.\nDoubtless there will be more legislation by the several States,\nespecially in behalf of the great interest of public schools for\nall, before the consummation that we hope for shall have been\nattained; but the legislation, must be the effect and not the cause\nof that fundamental reconstruction which we desire to work for.\nIt will exhibit and record, more than it can inspire or control,\nthe progress of reformed opinions and better sentiments among the\npeople.\u201d\n\nWhen the law gives equal opportunity and guarantees equal rights\nto all (and this it must do to be worthy of respect), it has done\nall it can do. Foundation work means character-building, and this\ngoes on in individuals. Law has its educative force; but to lift\nup a race whether white, yellow, black, or red, there must be\ncharacter-building in individual men and women, and to do this\nwork right we must have the church and the school-house. And these\ntwo must work together and not against each other. This sort of\nfoundation work you are trying to do and others are trying to do.\nIt has not failed; it cannot fail; it has life in itself.\n\nMr. Jefferson\u2019s second prediction will fail\u2014it is failing now.\nThese two races are both equally free, and they are living\ntogether in the same government with less and less difficulty and\nmisunderstanding each year. Disturbances here and there, conflicts,\nacts of violence there have been, there are, and there will be\nfor a time. The wonder is not that there was a period of disorder\nin the Southern States after the war. The true wonder is that\nthere is now so little of it, and that between 1865 and 1870 the\nSouth did not rush into final and utter chaos. There was never in\nany country such a state of things\u2014so provocative of universal\nand remediless anarchy. What is it that saved us? Not the troops;\nnot acts of Congress. Christian schools and the church of God. It\nwas the Protestant religion that dominated the majority\u2014both of\nthe negroes and the Southern white people. I grant you that the\nconservative influences that the churches in the South brought out\nof the war have been greatly aided by the work done by your society\nand others like it; but it is also true that, but for the work the\nchurch in the South did before your coming, you could have done\nnext to nothing, by this time, in the experiment. As to this whole\nsubject, full of difficulties as those know best who have personal\nrelations to it, there is just one platform on which Christian\npeople can stand. Our problem with these millions of negroes in our\nmidst can be happily solved\u2014not by force of any sort from without\nthe States where they live; no more can it be solved by repression\nwithin those States. It can be worked out only on the basis of the\nTen Commandments and of the Sermon on the Mount. On this platform\nwe can work out any problem whatsoever\u2014whether personal, social,\npolitical, national or ethnical\u2014that Providence brings before us.\nOn any lower or narrower platform we will fail, and always fail.\nWe have learned\u2014you of the North and we of the South\u2014many things\nin the last ten years. Among other valuable discoveries, we have\nlearned that the people of neither section are either all good\nor bad. As to this race question, we of the South have learned,\nand we are learning, that we can\u2019t manage our problem by any mere\nrepressive system; you have learned, and are learning, that it\ncan\u2019t be solved by any sort of force from without, whether force of\nlaw, force of troops, or force of denunciation. Such knowledge is\nprecious; alas! that it cost us so much.\n\nMay I quote at this place one other paragraph from the words of\nDr. Leonard Bacon? It is at the close of a letter dated \u201cNew\nHaven, October 22, 1875,\u201d and is in these words: \u201cMay I be allowed\nto say one word concerning the future of this society? That word\nis conciliation\u2014conciliation by meekness, by love, by patient\ncontinuance in well-doing. The field is wide open for schools\nand for the preaching of the Gospel, two great forces operating\nas one for fundamental reconstruction. In both these lines of\neffort the work of the society must be more and more a work of\nconciliation\u2014conciliation of the South to the North and to the\nrestored and beneficent Union; conciliation of races to each other,\nwhite to black and black to white; conciliation of contending\nsects oppressed with traditional bigotries to the simplicity of\nthe truth as it is in Jesus.\u201d Thomas Jefferson was not a prophet:\nLeonard Bacon was. And, thank God! so much has been done by this\nAssociation to incarnate the truth that was in his great thoughts\nand to fulfill his hopes and predictions as to its own future.\nBut this work of \u201cfundamental reconstruction\u201d is a slow process,\nsuggests the impatient one. That is true; character-building,\nwhether in a man or in a nation or in a race, is always a slow\nprocess. And it must be slower in a nation or in a race than in\na man. There was never any great work done in the uplifting or\ntraining of a race in a day or in a year. It takes generations.\nHow slowly our own race has risen out of its original savagery;\nhow unfit we still are to fulfill our mission to the world. We\nhave small cause for boasting when white men\u2019s votes\u2014sometimes\nenough of them to turn the scale in great elections\u2014can be bought\ncheap in the open streets. Lifting up a nation or a race is a slow\nprocess; wherefore the greatest necessity for zeal, for wisdom, and\nfor patience in our work. Whenever a great and necessary work that\nrequires a long time and much labor is to be done, we should begin\nat once and do our best.\n\nYou find more sympathy and more of the spirit of co-operation among\nSouthern people than you found ten years ago. I rejoice in this\nchange of feeling in the South, and it is easy to understand it.\nTime, the healer, has done his blessed work. Grace has overcome,\nand the grave has buried much of bitter feeling on both sides. You\nhave learned your work better, and we have learned more perfectly\nits value. A good deal of your work I have seen; I believe it is\ngood. I have looked into your school methods; they are yielding\nhappy results. I have considered \u201cexamination papers\u201d from some of\nyour schools; they would have done credit to any school for any\nrace. I have listened to speeches and essays from colored youth at\nyour commencements; there was the evidence of sound culture and\ntrue religion in them. When I heard them I \u201cthanked God and took\ncourage.\u201d\n\nIt is often asked, \u201cWhy don\u2019t the South do more in this work of\neducating and lifting up the negroes?\u201d Sometimes the question has\nbeen asked angrily\u2014perhaps because ignorantly.\n\nI believe the South can do more than it is doing\u2014certainly more\nthan it has done. But I think it likely that we have done as much\nas any other people in like circumstances would have done. History\ndoes not record of any people such vast, rapid and radical changes\nof opinion and sentiment on subjects that had been fiercely fought\nover on hundreds of bloody fields, as has taken place in the South\nduring the last fifteen years on the questions that grow out of the\nnegro\u2019s emancipation and enfranchisement. But the Southern States\nhave done more than most people suppose. There are nearly one\nmillion negro children in our public schools in the South.\n\nIn speaking of what the South has done and has not done in the\nwork of educating the negroes, let it be remembered that the white\npeople of the South have not been on beds of roses since 1865. The\nwar and its consequences made the South poor beyond conception by\nthose who have not had our experience. It left the North rich. The\nmajority of our people have had a sharp struggle to live; most of\nthem have been unable to educate their own children.\n\nLet me tell you of a man I talked with last summer. I went with\nmy family and a little party on what we might call a camp-fishing\nexpedition. As we approached the place where we proposed to spend\na few days in recreation, my attention was attracted by a white\nwoman pulling fodder in a little field near a cabin. That night her\nhusband came to our camp, offering such welcome as he could. We had\na long talk together. He had been a Confederate soldier, and he\nhad on his body the marks of seven bullet wounds. He never owned a\nslave, he had fought for what he had been taught to believe were\nthe rights of the States. He is a laborer on the farm of the man\nwho owned the land where he lived. He gets $140 a year, cabin rent,\na few acres tended by his wife and little girls, and the privilege\nof his winter wood. He said his employer is one of the kindest of\nmen, and does for him all he can do. The landlord himself has small\nmargins of profit. The poor fellow has five children, the eldest a\nbright girl, aged fourteen. She looked dwarfed and older than her\nyears; she had been nurse and drudge for the little ones. These\nchildren came to our camp by invitation, and the oldest promised to\ncome one afternoon and show my own children how to fish. I had my\nheart set on her coming; I wanted my children to know more about\nsuch people. She did not come at the time appointed, but that night\nshe came to tell us why. Her cotton dress was wet with the dew and\nher little hands were fodder-stained. She said to me: \u201cI am sorry\nI could not come; mother and I had so much fodder to take up that\nwe have just got through.\u201d This child and I had much talk together.\nI asked her: \u201cDaughter, can you read?\u201d Her face brightened as she\nsaid: \u201cYes, sir; a little.\u201d \u201cCan you write?\u201d The brown eyes sought\nthe ground as she answered: \u201cNo, sir.\u201d \u201cIf I will send you some\nbooks, will you try to teach your little sisters to read?\u201d The glad\nlook in her eyes I shall never forget, as she answered: \u201cYes, sir;\nI will try.\u201d We sent her a good supply and it made them all glad.\nThey are not beggars; the father would not take money for a fine\nbunch of fish he sent, with his compliments, to my wife, and when\nhe found that we had left some money for little services by the\nchildren he flushed and could hardly be persuaded to let them keep\nit.\n\nSome people call these \u201cwhite trash.\u201d I declare to you I never\nheard a Southern white man or woman use the expression in speaking\nof such persons.\n\nMr. President, there are tens of thousands of white people in the\nSouth as poor as my friend of the fishing camp. If you can help\nthem, in Christ\u2019s name do it.\n\nAs to our higher schools, some of our best colleges have died\nsince 1865; others are dying now. Such a death is a loss, not to\nthe South only, but to the whole country. Yours have grown rich.\nI do not envy you; I rejoice in your strong and well-furnished\ninstitutions. But you should be patient toward us, and, I am not\nashamed to say, you should help us as God gives you opportunity.\nMen and brethren, it is time to have done with 1860\u201365. Said a\nBrooklyn man to me last year who, unsolicited, had helped two\nSouthern schools: \u201cI think my friends here approve what I have\ndone; but if any should ask, \u2018Why did you not give this money to\nyour own people?\u2019 my answer is: \u2018They also are my people\u2014we are one\npeople.\u2019\u201d On that platform we can become a Christian nation strong\nenough to bless the world.\n\nNorthern money has done much to \u201cdevelop the South\u201d during the last\ndecade in pushing railroads and other great industrial enterprises.\nIt is all welcome, and ten times as much. But I do not question\nthat each $100 invested in Christian education in the South since\nthe war has done more to develop it in every best sense than each\n$1,000 placed in railroads and factories. But enough on these lines\nof thought.\n\nI must say a word or two as to the relations of your work to\nAfrica. The first atlas I ever saw made a desert of sand cover\nall the wonderful lands that Livingstone, Stanley, and others\nhave discovered, and they printed across the map of Africa\n28,000,000, with an interrogation point to indicate a guess as to\nthe population. Now we are studying the maps of interior Africa,\nand they tell us of great nations and a population that may reach\n200,000,000! Can any man who believes in the Bible, or in God,\ndoubt for one moment that Providence is in the history of the\nnegroes in the United States? Can we doubt that these millions of\nnegroes, now committed to us as the wards of the Christian church,\nmust, some day, attempt and accomplish the evangelization of Africa?\n\nI rejoice that your Association has its eye and heart upon Africa.\nI saw two photographs in the chapel of Fisk University last May\nthat stirred my soul; they were the faces of two missionaries who\nhad gone from that great Christian school to Africa. One Sunday\nevening I preached in the chapel. A youth from your Mendi Mission,\na native of Africa, getting ready to be a missionary, sang for\nus in his home language a familiar Sunday-school song, \u201cI Have\na Father in the Promised Land.\u201d Some day they will be singing\nChristian songs in every village of the Dark Continent. How the\nthought of the Divine fatherhood and of the brotherhood of the\neternal Son has changed Europe and made America. Some day these\nthoughts will change Africa. What we call civilization can\u2019t do\nit; the gospel of Jesus Christ can. The Christian negroes are\ngetting ready for their work, and you and others working in the\nsame fields, are helping them to get ready. The missionary fire\nis beginning to burn in their hearts. When they go forth, bearing\nthe sacred symbol of our Lord\u2019s love to men, every Christian\nman and woman in our land should help them. That movement\u2014and\nit is coming\u2014will, at no distant day give your colonization and\nmissionary societies all they can do. Was there ever a greater\nneed or a more hopeful field, a greater duty or a brighter promise\nof success? Mr. President, you may be sure that from thousands of\nChristian hearts all over the South the prayer goes up, \u201cGod bless\nthe work of the American Missionary Association, with all others\nwho are preaching the gospel to the poor.\u201d\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nFROM ADDRESS OF GENERAL CLINTON B. FISK.\n\nThe American Missionary Association is one of those societies that\nhas long been near my heart, having a large place in it. From its\nvery beginning I watched its growth, but had no idea in the years\nbefore that I should ever have such intimate relations with it.\nBeing in the South at the close of the war with the care of two or\nthree millions of colored people thrown on my hands, I naturally\nlooked about to see what was being done for schools and what for\nChristian culture. I found the American Missionary Association on\nthe skirmish line. They were gathering up the broken fetters of\nthe slaves, selling them for old iron and putting the money into\nspelling-books and Bibles, building school-houses and sending\nself-sacrificing, earnest Christian men and women to the South to\nteach these people; and I naturally fell very much in love with\nthem.\n\nI got a letter a day or two since. It was written by the Mayor of\none of the chief cities of the South to myself. I picked this out\nof a large bundle of correspondence of the same sort. He addresses\nme and says: \u201cYou will doubtless be surprised at receiving a letter\nfrom me. In 1865 I was Mayor of this city, which position I now\noccupy. In that memorable year 1865, through your instrumentality\nand by order of Major-General George H. Thomas, I was suspended\nfrom office. But that is a matter of the past, and for one I favor\nletting \u2018bygones be bygones.\u2019 The charge against me was using my\nofficial position for the oppression of the colored people and\nopposing their education. However true that might have been at\nthe time, certainly such a charge cannot be made against me now.\nImmediately after the close of the war and upon the restoration of\ncivil law, I was chosen one of the School Commissioners of this\ndistrict, and gave active aid, amidst much opposition, in the\nestablishment of Public Schools. I have labored earnestly in the\ncause ever since, and I am proud to inform you that my efforts have\nin a measure been crowned with success. We have now a splendid\nschool system and a magnificent school building for the whites.\nWe wish now to do as much for the colored people. There is much\nopposition in every locality in the city to the establishment\nof a colored school in their midst. Yet, notwithstanding this\nopposition, I have proffered to sell a lot of my own for the\npurpose on very reasonable terms.\u201d\n\nNow, that is a great change to come about in seventeen years. So\nI simply sat down and wrote him a letter which he could use as\n\u201csubstance of doctrine.\u201d I said: \u201cMy dear Mr. Mayor, go on to\nperfection. Do the same thing for the colored people you do for the\nwhite people, and blot \u2018colored\u2019 and \u2018white\u2019 out of your memory.\nMake a school for the children. It is not easy to send them to the\nsame school; I know all about that.\u201d The colored boy is perhaps\nmore opposed to associating with the white boy in the school than\nthe white boy is to associating with the colored boy. It takes a\nlong time to overcome those strong prejudices on the part of the\ncolored people.\n\nJust after the establishment of Fisk school, which commenced in\nsuch a halo of glory under the auspices of this Association, there\ncame into my headquarters in Nashville an old Irish woman, bringing\nher two little boys with her, and she said, \u201cMisther Gineral Fisk,\n\u2019ave you heny hobjection to my sinding these little chaps to your\nnigger school?\u201d I said, \u201cNot at all, if the \u2018niggers\u2019 haven\u2019t any\nobjection.\u201d But it will take a long time before they will drift\ninto one school. I am glad that all of ours are open. How singular\nit would look to write over the portals of all our schools in the\nSouth, \u201cWhite children admitted here!\u201d Let us do all we can for the\neducation of both races. That particular class to which my friend\nHaygood made such admirable reference, those poor white people of\nthe South, appeals to us as scarcely any other interest in the\nSouth does to-day. Let us remember them. I am glad, sir [addressing\nDr. Haygood], that you are going to be in a position to help a\ngreat many colored young men and women to become teachers.\n\nNow, my friend Dr. Haygood is a wonderfully modest sort of a man.\nThey chose him only a few weeks ago to be a bishop in his church.\nAnd they did a good thing. Nearly all that great conference of\nSouthern Methodists voted for this man to take the highest place\nin their church, notwithstanding all his grand utterances, his\nearnest words, on many a Northern platform. They indorsed him and\nsaid, \u201cCome up higher!\u201d He took over night to think about it, and\nwrote them a letter declining to take such place as that. He said,\n\u201cGod has called me to be an educator, and an educator I will be.\u201d\nTo a man who turns his back upon a bishopric of the church and then\naccepts the Secretaryship of a fund to promote the education of the\ncolored people, we can all give the right hand of fellowship. Now,\nlet us all go out of this meeting with a new covenant of love and\nservice for the Master.\n\nIt has well been said that the world itself is a musical instrument\nnot yet fully strung; but when every coast shall be peopled by\nthe lovers of our Lord Jesus Christ; when every mountain barrier\nshall be overcome; when every abyss shall be spanned, for the\nuninterrupted progress of the King\u2019s highway of holiness, and the\npeople of the earth shall flock together, as in the prophetic\nvision, to the mountain of the Lord\u2019s house; then this world shall\ngive its sound in harmony with the infinite intelligence, and\nangels and men shall shout together, \u201cHallelujah, the Lord God\nOmnipotent reigneth.\u201d Between that glad day and us there are years\nof toil and travail. But there shall come the triumph. Truth is\nmarching on, steadily\u2014slowly, sometimes, through the centuries, but\never marching on, as resistless as the tides, whose each succeeding\nbillow washes further up the sands. It may be\n\n \u201c ... weary watching, wave on wave;\n And yet the tide heaves onward.\n We climb like corals, grave on grave,\n But pave a path that\u2019s sunward.\n We\u2019re beaten back in many a fray;\n Yet newer strength we borrow;\n And where the vanguard rests to-day,\n The rear shall camp to-morrow.\u201d\n\nLet us go forth, with our faces to the stars, and do something each\nday of our lives to bring the world nearer to Christ, who died for\nit.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nFROM ADDRESS OF REV. A. J. F. BEHRENDS, D.D.\n\nThere are a few themes so great, so charged with living importance,\nthat an earnest man never wearies of their study. Like the rays of\nthe sun, they are invested with perpetual freshness and force. Of\nthese themes, the very greatest is the conquest of the world to\nChrist by the preaching of the Gospel and by the power of the Holy\nGhost. But foreign missionary societies, whose special aim it is to\ncarry the Gospel of Christ to the millions of heathenism, are not\nthe exclusive guardians of this great trust. They are the advance\nguard of the army of conquest, clearing the way and widening\nthe field, but their very presence as the scouts and scattered\noutposts of Christianity proclaims the presence of a greater army\nof occupation, pressing close upon their leadership. Back of your\nforeign work is that of home missions, the religious care of the\nignorant, vicious, and neglected within our own borders; back of\nhome missions is the manly culture of our professedly Christian\nconstituency, the care and compact handling of our local churches;\nback of your local church life and work are those of your separate\nhomes\u2014influences secret, subtle, but all-pervasive, for in the\nChristian homes are the primary historic sources of all great\ninspirations and achievements, both for personal character and for\nsocial improvement. Far out on the world\u2019s great battle-field,\nseparated from each other by many a league, are the pickets of\nthe army of the Lord; its great and growing supports are in the\nChristian nations, the Christian churches, the Christian homes.\n\nReinforcements at any point of the long line must increase the\nefficiency of the entire body. But the law of solid progress must\nbe from the home, as the training school of personal devotion,\nthrough the church and the nation, to the broad world. I am afraid\nthat we have not fairly estimated the importance of the third\nfactor in the solution of the complicated problem of the world\u2019s\nChristianization. We are not lacking in an appreciation of the\nvalue of domestic piety. We are not blind to the evangelistic\nvocation of the church, though the energetic revival of this\nconviction may be said to date from the close of the last century,\nand it has as yet only partially leavened the great body of nominal\nChristendom. But we are even farther from having mastered the\nthought that nations are born of a divine purpose, and summoned to\nmissionary service.\n\nGod is marching on, not simply for the salvation of individual\nsouls, and their preparation for a future heaven, but for the moral\nregeneration of nations, and the conversion of the world into a\nkingdom of righteousness and love. In this great task nations\nwill yet be called to take an active part. Having ceased to be\nobstructive, having passed beyond the line of moral indifference,\nthey are yet to prove themselves to be among the mightiest of\npositive forces for the world\u2019s regeneration. And I confess that\nI have wholly misread the signs of the times if the Anglo-Saxon\nnationalities are not summoned and destined to bear a conspicuous\npart in the future of the world\u2019s moral history. For you and\nfor me there can be no call of greater urgency than that this\nyoungest of the nations of the world, in which we are proud to\nclaim our citizenship, whose birth is the marvel of history, whose\ndevelopment is the amazement of our time, whose guidance and\ndiscipline seem as clearly providential as were those of ancient\nIsrael, shall be Christian, in order to the assimilation of all the\nheterogeneous elements of our population, and the consequent use\nof our united forces for the good of the race. No duty crowds us\nmore closely than that we prove ourselves worthy of our ancestry,\nequal to our opportunities, building up on this new continent a\ncompact commonwealth, whose glory it shall be that its streams of\nbeneficence gladden all lands and enrich all peoples.\n\nWe cannot render the most effective Christian service to the world\nuntil we ourselves have become thoroughly leavened with the spirit\nof the Gospel, and any plan involving the Christianization of the\nAmerican people must provide for the solution of that great problem\nwith which this Association deals. You have not succeeded in\nmaking the white man the Christian he ought to be until he and the\nblack man can clasp hands in the brotherhood of Christ. National\nunity must remain incomplete until all antagonisms have vanished,\nand the reconciliation is complete; and our moral influence on\nthe world cannot be what it may be and ought to be until we have\namicably and finally settled our domestic difficulties. American\npatriotism and Christian philanthropy\u2014these are the two great\nconsiderations by which the work of the American Missionary\nAssociation appeals to the prayerful and practical sympathies of\nthe Christian public.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nRELATION OF THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION TO CIVILIZATION.\n\nBY REV. F. L. KENYON.\n\nThere are two civilizations in this nineteenth century that are\nstriving for the mastery. They differ in their source; the one is\nfrom heaven, the other from earth. They differ in their objects.\nThe one has for its object the elevation of the animal in man to\nthe supreme place. The other has for its object the elevation of\nthe intellectual and moral and spiritual in man to the dominant\nplace. They differ also in their supports and instrumentalities.\nThe superstructure of the one rests upon ignorance and vice.\nThe other rests upon and is built up by and through the school,\nthe church, and the home. Thus it will be seen that the higher\ncivilization has a triangular foundation, and when we remember\nthat the triangle represents the highest perfection, we may get\na hint at least that this must be the final civilization. The\nschool, where the mighty power of a true education dispels and\ndestroys the threatening illiteracy of the world. The church, where\nthe wonderful transforming power of the gospel of Jesus Christ\nincarnates itself in true manhood and womanhood. The home, where\nthe love principle is dominant and all controlling.\n\nThe higher civilization, which is to be the ultimate civilization\nfor humanity, must include within its bounds, as constituent\nfactors, every portion of the human race. The defect of previous\ncivilizations was in their omitting one or more of these great and\nnecessary factors.\n\nThe first of these is the idea of God. And this, first, as a\npersonal God. This is necessary so as to make God accessible\nto us. In the second place, the true idea of God must include\nrighteousness. He must be a righteous God. This involves the ideas\nof justice and law, without which no civilization can be perfect.\nEliminate these qualities from civilization and in the place of\ngovernment will come anarchy, which always and naturally produces\ndestruction. In the third place, the true idea of God includes the\nfact that he is a loving God. The Johannean conception on this line\nis the ultimate of all conceptions, viz.: God is love. It is very\nclear that the final civilization must have this idea of God in all\nthe breadth which I have simply outlined.\n\nThe second great idea is the \u201cequality of man,\u201d an equality not\nof conditions but of rights. Equality before God\u2019s law and love,\nbefore human law and institutions. From this equality of man comes\nthe great doctrine of freedom for all. Slavery cannot exist in a\nfinal civilization, because this final civilization is built up\nin part on the idea of equality of man. From this equality of man\ncomes that other great social doctrine of the brotherhood of man.\nAny civilization which ignores the equality of man, and these great\nincluded ideas, freedom and brotherhood of man, cannot, in the\nvery nature of things, be the higher and the final civilization.\nAll former civilizations failed to recognize this great fact,\nand this is one of the reasons why they became effete and passed\naway. I believe God has chosen this land, and has raised up this\nAssociation for the purpose of working out this problem.\n\nThe physical view is a low one, and really belongs to the lower\ncivilization. In comparison with the intellectual, and moral, and\nspiritual, the physical sinks into insignificance.\n\nThe third great idea of the permanent civilization is \u201cthe true\nidea of woman.\u201d In the earlier civilizations woman was held as\ninferior to man, because perhaps she could not endure the fatigues\nof the chase or engage in wars, and such brutalizing pursuits.\nThe very signs of her superiority were read as evidences of her\ninferiority. In some her position was hardly anything but that of a\nslave or a toy. In that civilization which had the highest culture\nof any of the old civilizations, an educated woman was classed in\nthe common thought of the people as an impure woman. Thank God\nsuch a civilization as that was not the final one. In the final\ncivilization woman has her place alongside of man\u2014co-equal and\nco-ordinate.\n\nThe fourth great idea necessary to a permanent and final\ncivilization, is the true idea of childhood\u2014its worth and place in\nthe elevating forces of humanity. That civilization which holds\nin cheap esteem the life of a child, is a low and vanishing one.\nThere is probably among the secondary tests of nobility no truer\none than man\u2019s regard for children. All the ancient civilizations\nwere very low in this respect. Think of such a thing occurring in\nthis nineteenth century, of any ruler commanding the slaughter of\nthe innocents. No, the final civilization holds, must hold, to\nthe sacredness of child-life. Jesus is bringing that about. He\nbrought heaven to earth through the auroral gates of childhood.\nBethlehem\u2019s manger gave to the world a new and potent civilizing\nidea in the sacredness of child-life. These four constitute the\nelemental ideas, the living, molding, working forces of the\nhigher civilization. The relation of the American Missionary\nAssociation to this higher civilization is now to be noticed, and\nso transparent is this relation that only a few words are necessary\nto set it forth. First. It is related in its work, in a similar\nway, be it spoken reverently, in which Jesus, the Son of God, is\nrelated to the children of men. He came down into humanity to its\nvery lowest. So the A. M. A. goes down with its thousand tender\nhands and its five hundred beating hearts to the very bottom of the\nlower civilization. This is both human and divine wisdom. It is\nrelated to the higher civilization in the second place because it\ncarries into and permeates the lower civilization with these great\nideas of the higher. \u201cNo fleet can outsail its slowest vessel.\u201d\nSo no civilization can advance higher than the lowest elements or\nparts of it advance. These people to whom this Association carries\nthese ideas are elemental factors in our civilization, and I know\nof no other royal road by which they can be brought into the\nhigher civilization; and unless so brought they will drag higher\ncivilization down, and give the victory to the lower civilization,\nand this nation will fall into the long procession of nations\nthat, failing to rise to their great opportunities, have gone down\nin dishonor and disgrace to eternal death. To prevent this dire\ncatastrophe, I believe God, whose favors have been manifold to our\nland, has raised up and commissioned this great Association. It is\nvirtually related, therefore, to the higher civilization as its\nsaviour, and also as the purifier and perfector of the higher by\nbringing the lower up to its proper place in it on these high idea\nlines. Incarnate these great ideas of the higher civilization into\nthe lower, which, as I understand it, is the work of the A. M. A.,\nand you have given the victory to the higher civilization in this\nthe leading nation of the world; moreover, you have hastened the\ncoming of the day of the Son of Man.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nDEDICATION OF LIVINGSTONE MISSIONARY HALL.\n\nAs a fitting sequel to the earnest and efficient annual meeting\nexercises in Cleveland, some of the officers of this Association\nand other friends proceeded to Nashville, Tenn., to attend the\ndedication of Livingstone Hall, Oct. 30.\n\nAs we published in our last issue a cut of the Hall and a statement\nof its history, dimensions and uses, we refer the reader to the\nNovember MISSIONARY for information relating to such matters. The\ndedicatory address was delivered by Professor Cyrus Northrop,\nof Yale College. Bishop McTyeire, President of the Vanderbilt\nUniversity at Nashville, and Dr. A. G. Haygood, President of Emory\nCollege, Georgia, and Gen. C. B. Fisk, of New York, also made\naddresses. The dedicatory prayer was offered by Secretary Strieby,\nand music furnished by the Mozart Society and by Miss Sheppard\nand Miss Mabel Lewis, well-known members of the original Jubilee\nSingers Company. The address of Professor Northrop was masterly,\ntimely and suggestive. It was welcomed and approved by the very\nrespectable representation of Southern men on the platform, and\npublished in full in the Nashville _Daily American_.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nRECEIPTS FOR OCTOBER, 1882.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n MAINE, $454.61.\n\n Bangor. Hammond St. Cong. Ch. and Soc., 126;\n First Cong. Ch., 18.94 144.94\n Belfast. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 20.00\n Biddeford. Second Cong. Ch. 20.52\n Brownville. Cong. Ch. and Soc., by Hon. A. H.\n Merrill. 100.00\n Brunswick. Mrs. S. J. F. Hammond, _for Student\n Aid, Atlanta U._ 25.00\n Fryeburgh. Cong. Ch. and Soc., 14; \u201cThe Young\n Pioneers,\u201d 10. 24.00\n Gorham. \u201cFriends,\u201d _for Library, Talladega C._ 43.00\n Hampden. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00\n North Anson. Mrs. Eunice S. Brown 10.00\n South Berwick. Mrs. Hodgdon\u2019s S. S. Class,\n _for Student Aid_, _Talladega C._ 25.00\n South Paris. Cong. Ch. 8.06\n Wells. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 27.09\n Winterport. \u201cM.\u201d 2.00\n\n\n NEW HAMPSHIRE, $242.33.\n\n Amherst. Cong. Ch. 17.37\n Colebrook. \u201cMr. and Mrs. E. C. W.\u201d 2.00\n Greenville. Cong. Ch. 15.00\n Haverhill. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 13.28\n Henniker. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for John Brown\n Steamer_. 5.00\n Lyme. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for John Brown\n Steamer_. 10.00\n Marlborough. Freedmen\u2019s Aid Soc., two Bbls. of\n C., value 45, _for McIntosh, Ga._\n New Boston. \u201cL. H.,\u201d _for Chinese M._ 25.00\n New Ipswich. Children\u2019s 20th Annual Fair 23.50\n Newmarket. Cong. Ch. and Soc., 10.18; Thomas\n H. Wiswall, 10. 20.18\n Pelham. Cong. Ch. and Soc 54.00\n Pembroke. Cong. Ch. (ad\u2019l.) 3.00\n Tilton and Northfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc 20.00\n Wilton. Second Cong. Ch 34.00\n\n\n VERMONT, $304.80.\n\n Barton Landing. Horace Jones 2.00\n Brandon. Mrs. L. G. Case 5.00\n Brattleborough. Center Ch. and Soc., 51.18;\n Center Ch., \u201cA. S.\u201d 10 61.18\n Cambridge. Rev. E. Wheelock 5.00\n Cornwall. Cong. Ch. and Soc., 67.50, and MRS.\n P. P. HURD, 30, to const. herself L. M. 97.50\n Coventry. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 19.20\n Craftsbury. Ladies\u2019 Miss\u2019y Soc. of Cong. Ch.,\n _for Freight, for Atlanta U._ 3.00\n Enosburgh. Cong. Ch. and Soc. (ad\u2019l). 5.00\n Grafton. \u201cA Friend\u201d 10.00\n Grand Isle. Cong. Ch. 6.00\n Montgomery Center. Cong. Ch. 8.00\n Newport. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 9.75\n Putney. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.87\n South Hero. Cong. Ch. 20.00\n Weybridge. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 38.30\n Windham. Cong. Sab. Sch. 4.00\n Windsor. Cong. Ch. and Soc. (ad\u2019l) 6.00\n\n\n MASSACHUSETTS, $3,503.10.\n\n Amesbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 11.31\n Andover. Mrs. Rebecca Mills 50.00\n Agawam. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.55\n Ashby. Cong. Sab. Sch., 46.43; Willing Hands\n Soc., 34.57; Mr. and Mrs. Jos. Foster, 2,\n _for Student Aid, Atlanta U_. 83.00\n Ashland. Cong. Ch. and Sab. Sch., _for Student\n Aid, Talladega C._ 27.75\n Barre. C. B. R. 1.00\n Berlin. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.00\n Boston. Shawmut Branch Sab. Sch., _for Pekin,\n N.C._, and to const. DEA. S. C. WILKINS and\n DEA. N. S. LOVETT, L. Ms. 76.00\n Boston. Misses M. A. and H. N. Kirk, 20; Mrs.\n L. A. Bartholomew, 5 25.00\n Boxborough. Cong. Ch. 10.00\n Brookline. Harvard Ch. and Soc. 75.64\n Cambridgeport. Pilgrim Ch. Mon. Con. 9.06\n Centreville. Cong. Sab. Sch. 5.00\n Charlton. Cong. Sab. Sch. 15.00\n Charlestown. Winthrop Ch. and Soc. 73.73\n Chelsea. Ladies\u2019 Union Home Mission Band, _for\n Lady Missionary, Chattanooga, Tenn._ 60.00\n Chicopee. Third Cong. Ch. and Soc. 20.69\n Danvers. G. W. Fisk, _for Student Aid, Atlanta\n U._ 3.25\n Easthampton. First Cong. Sab. Sch. 50.00\n Fitchburgh. Rollston Ch. and Soc. 50.00\n Gilbertville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 25.00\n Holliston. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 101.35\n Holyoke. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc., 14.67;\n First Cong Ch. and Soc., 6 20.67\n Lanesborough. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00\n Lawrence. Mrs. W. E. G. 0.50\n Lawrence. Rev. C. Carter, Package Books, _for\n McIntosh, Ga._\n Lexington. Hancock Ch. and Soc. 25.00\n Lincoln. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for Student Aid,\n Atlanta U._ 22.00\n Littleton. Mrs. J. C. Houghton and S. S.\n Class, _for Student Aid, Atlanta U._ 4.00\n Milford. First Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch., _for John\n Brown Steamer_ 5.00\n Millbury. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 170.57\n Monson. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 50.00\n Natick. Rev. Daniel Wight 10.00\n Newburyport. Freedmen\u2019s Aid Soc., _for Student\n Aid, Talladega C._ 75.00\n Newton Center. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 33.93\n Newton Highlands. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for\n Student Aid, Atlanta U._ 12.00\n Newton Upper Falls. S. D. H. 1.00\n Newtonville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 60.38\n Northampton. \u201cH. N.\u201d 1,000; First Ch., 100.62;\n \u201cA Friend,\u201d 87.50 1,188.12\n Northfield. M. E. Hilliard 5.00\n North Hadley. \u201cFriend\u201d, _for Student Aid,\n Atlanta U._ 0.75\n Norwood. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 55.00\n Oxford. First Cong. Ch. and Soc., 20; Woman\u2019s\n Mission Soc., _for Freight_, 2 22.00\n Orange. Mrs. E. W. M. 1.00\n Palmer. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 20.94\n Royalston. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 125.00\n Rutland. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.01\n Salem. Sab. Sch. of Tabernacle Ch., _for\n Student Aid, Fisk U._ 50.00\n Salem. Geo. Driver, 2; Mrs. J. H. W., 50c 2.50\n Sandwich. Silas Fish, _for John Brown Steamer_ 5.00\n Scotland. Mrs. J. N. Leonard, Bbl. of Books\n and Papers, _for Macon, Ga._, and 1 _for\n Freight_ 1.00\n Sherborn. Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch. 34.25\n Somerset. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00\n South Barre. Cong. Sab. Sch. 10.00\n South Hadley. First Cong. Ch. and Soc., 34;\n Teachers and Pupils Mount Holyoke Fem. Sem.,\n 31 65.00\n Springfield. South Ch. and Soc., 48.07; First\n Cong. Ch. and Soc., 30.28 78.35\n Sudbury. Ladies\u2019 Miss\u2019y Soc., 3, and Bbl. of\n C., _for Atlanta U._ 3.00\n Sunderland. Mary Warner\u2019s S. S. Class, Cong.\n Ch., _for Mobile, Ala._ 6.00\n Taunton. Union Ch. and Soc. 10.00\n Templeton. \u201cThree Ladies,\u201d Box of C., val. 18,\n and 1, _for Freight_ 1.00\n Upton. Miss Lydia Chamberlain, 5; Miss Lizzie\n Wheeler, 2; Emma Leland, 2.25, _for Mobile,\n Ala._ 9.25\n Uxbridge. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 24.00\n Wakefield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 50.00\n Walpole. Orthodox Cong. Ch. and Soc., to\n const. DEA. SAMUEL E. GUILD L. M. 57.62\n West Boxford. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.10\n Westfield. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 23.90\n West Granville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.00\n West Granville. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for John\n Brown Steamer_ 1.00\n Westhampton. Cong. Ch. 27.00\n Westhampton. \u201cFriend,\u201d _for Pekin N.C._ 1.00\n West Somerville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.00\n West Springfield. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.,\n 28; Second Cong. Ch. and Soc., 5.62 33.62\n Winchendon. Rev. M. H. Hitchcock, 5; G. H. W.,\n 50c. 5.50\n Worcester. Central Ch. and Soc. (30 of which\n from MRS. ALPHONSO WOOD, _for Tillotson C. &\n N. Inst._ and to const. herself L. M.) 186.29\n Worcester. \u201cA Friend,\u201d $5; \u201cFannie, Etta,\n Charlie and Mary,\u201d 1.15, _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 6.15\n Worcester. Old South Ch. and Soc., 53.77;\n Union Ch. Sab. Sch.; 18.10; Salem St. Ch.,\n 3.50; E. J. Rice, 2; W. J. White, 2 79.37\n \u2014\u2014\u2014 Box and Bbl. of C., _for Marion, Ala._\n\n\n RHODE ISLAND, $181.44.\n\n East Providence. Cong. Ch. 29.75\n Peace Dale. Cong. Ch. 11.69\n Providence. Pilgrim Cong. Ch and Soc. 120.00\n Providence. Beneficent Cong. Sab. Sch., _for\n John Brown Steamer_ 20.00\n Providence. Rev. H. A. Kendall, Bbl. of C.,\n _for McIntosh, Ga._\n\n\n CONNECTICUT, $1,894.59.\n\n Ansonia. William Paul, 10; Geo. P. Cowles, 5;\n Thomas Wallace, 5, _for Building, Tillotson\n C. & N. Inst._ 20.00\n Berlin. \u201cA Friend,\u201d _for Tillotson C. & N.\n Ins._ 20.00\n Berlin. Second Cong. Ch. 7.89\n Birmingham. J. Tomlinson, 5; Henry Somers, 3;\n J. S., 1, _for Building, Tillotson C. & N.\n Inst._ 9.00\n Bridgeport. L. B. Eaton, _for Land, Tillotson\n C. & N. Inst._ 20.00\n Canaan. \u2014\u2014\u2014 1.00\n Chester. C. N. S. 1.00\n Derby. Edwin Hallock, 10; N. J. Bailey, 5; W.\n N. S., 1, _for Building_; L. De F., 1, _for\n Land, Tillotson C. & N. Inst._ 17.00\n Ellington. Cong. Ch. 81.55\n Elliott. Wm. Osgood 2.00\n Fair Haven. First Cong. Ch. 59.25\n Farmington. Cong. Ch., Quar. Coll. 47.04\n Hartford. Dr. John K. Lee, 500; J. E. Cushman,\n 200 700.00\n Kensington. Mrs. R. Hotchkiss 5.00\n Meriden. S. B. Little, 10; W. H. Catlin, 5; \u201cA\n Friend,\u201d 1; Miss L. T., 1, _for Land,\n Tillotson C. and N. Inst._ 17.00\n Meriden. E. K. Breckenridge 5.00\n Middletown. First Ch., 26; Dea. Selah\n Goodrich, 20 46.00\n Milford. Plymouth Cong. Ch., 40; Rev. G. H.\n Griffin, 20 60.00\n Milford. G. A. R., _for Land, Tillotson C. and\n N. Inst._ 1.00\n Mount Carmel. \u201cA Friend,\u201d _for Chinese M._ 5.00\n New Britain. South Cong Ch., to const. D. O.\n ROGERS L. M. 30.00\n New Britain. Mrs. Louisa Nichols, 15; Mrs.\n Loomis, 2; Mr. Case, 2; \u201cCash,\u201d 1; Rev. E.\n H. R., 1, _for Land_; Mrs. Helen S. North,\n 10; John A. Williams, 2; I. H. Allis, 2,\n _for Building, Tillotson C. and N. Inst._ 35.00\n New Haven. Third Cong. Ch. 25.00\n New Haven. Dr. Wm. B. De Forest, _for\n President\u2019s House, Talladega C._ 25.00\n New Haven. Mrs. G. W. Curtis, 5; Mrs. N. W.\n Beers, 2; L. W. C., 1; W. B. L., 1; Mrs A.\n T., 1; G. S., 50c., _for Student Aid_; \u201cA\n Friend,\u201d 25; Capt. S. B. C., 1, _for Land,\n Tillotson C. and N. Inst._ 36.50\n North Haven. S. B. T., _for Land, Tillotson C.\n and N. Inst._ 1.00\n North Woodstock. Cong. Ch. 12.90\n Norwich. Florence and Jenny Bill, _for Student\n Aid, Atlanta U._ 50.00\n Old Lyme. \u201cA Friend\u201d (1 of which _for John\n Brown Steamer_) 5.00\n Old Saybrook. R. E. I., _for Land, Tillotson\n C. and N. Inst._ 1.00\n Plainfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 35.00\n Plainfield. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., _for John\n Brown Steamer_ 10.00\n Plainville. \u201cA Friend\u201d 100.00\n Plainville. Dea. A. N. Clark, _for Land,\n Tillotson C. and N. Inst._ 10.00\n Seymour. Cong. Ch. 16.00\n South Windsor. Sab. Sch. of Second Cong. Ch. 6.18\n Stamford. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 42.00\n Talcottville. Cong. Ch. 106.76\n Unionville. First Cong. Ch. 29.52\n Wallingford. Cong. Ch. 75.00\n Wapping. Miss Florence Preston, _for Student\n Aid, Emerson Inst._ 5.00\n Washington. Cong. Sab. Sch., 35, _for Indian\n Student Aid, Hampton Inst._, and 10 _for\n John Brown Steamer_ 45.00\n Wauregan. Union Sab. Sch., _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 25.00\n West Hartland. Cong. Ch. 8.00\n West Haven. Mrs. Emiline Smith, _for Land,\n Tillotson C. and N. Inst._ 10.00\n Willimantic. \u201cFriends,\u201d _for Needmore Chapel,\n Talladega, Ala._ 15.00\n \u2014\u2014\u2014. Mrs. H. A. Wakefield, _for Student Aid,\n Fisk U._ 10.00\n\n\n NEW YORK, $401.06.\n\n Albany. \u201cM.\u201d 20.00\n Amsterdam. Sab. Sch. Class. Presb. Sab. Sch.,\n _for John Brown Steamer_ 10.00\n Antwerp. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 10.00\n Brooklyn. Bedford Cong. Ch. 23.50\n Brooklyn. E. D. New England Cong. Ch. 16.17\n Buffalo. First Cong. Ch. 15.00\n Clifton Springs. Mrs. Andrew Pierce, 25; Rev.\n S. R. Butler, 10 35.00\n Clifton Springs. Mrs. Henry L. Chase, _for\n Lady Missionary, New Orleans, La._ 5.00\n Deansville. \u201cL.\u201d 5.00\n Fredonia. Miss Martha L. Stevens 5.00\n Gaines. Cong. Ch. and Soc., to const. MISS\n CLARA WARREN L. M. 44.09\n Gainesville. Mrs. B. F. B. 1.00\n Hamilton. First Cong. Ch., _for Student Aid,\n Fisk U._ 20.00\n Malone. Cong. Ch. 53.75\n New York. E. L. H., _for Land, Tillotson C.\n and N. Inst._ 1.00\n New York. W. S. D. 0.50\n Oswego. Cong. Ch., Theo. Irwin, 25; A. H.\n Failing, 5; J. B. Hubbard, 2; H. L. Hart, 2 34.00\n Pompey. Mrs. Lucy Child 5.00\n Rensselaerville. B. F. E. 1.00\n Richfield Springs. Cong. Ch., to const. DAVID\n BONFOY L. M. 31.00\n Rochester. Plymouth Cong. Ch. 29.00\n Watertown. George Cook 5.00\n Wellsville. First Cong. Ch. 23.55\n Woodhaven. Cong. Ch. Miss\u2019y Soc. 7.50\n\n\n NEW JERSEY, $500.50.\n\n Jersey City. M. W. 0.50\n Morristown. E. A. Graves, _for Talladega C._ 500.00\n\n\n PENNSYLVANIA, $25.\n\n Clark. Mrs. Elizabeth Dickson 10.00\n Meadville. Miss Eliza Dickson 15.00\n\n\n OHIO, $300.21.\n\n Austinburgh. Young Ladies\u2019 Miss\u2019y Soc., _for\n Emerson Inst_. 7.50\n Bellevue. Elvira Boise, 25; S. W. Boise, 20 45.00\n Chardon. Cong. Ch., _for Ind\u2019l Dept., Tougaloo\n U._ 3.64\n Chatham Center. First Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch. _for\n John Brown Steamer_ 10.00\n Claridon. Children\u2019s Miss\u2019y Soc., _for Student\n Aid, Tougaloo U._ 10.00\n Claridon. Mrs. N. S. Kellogg, 5; Cong. Sab.\n Sch., 2.50 7.50\n Cleveland. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch., _for\n Student Aid, Fisk U._ 13.26\n Cleveland. J. J. Low, 10; M. H. B., 50c. 10.50\n Cleveland. Rogers & Son, Furniture, val. 25,\n _for Tougaloo U._\n Dover. Cong. Ch. 25.00\n Huntsburgh. Cong. Ch., _for Ind\u2019l Dept.,\n Tougaloo U._ 6.18\n Jefferson. Ladies\u2019 Miss\u2019y Soc., _for Student\n Aid, Tougaloo U._ 39.00\n Kent. S. B. Hall, _for John Brown Steamer_ 10.00\n Madison. Ladies\u2019 Benev. Soc., 5.50, _for\n Student Aid_; H. H. Roe & Co., Cheese\n Apparatus, val. 110.41, _for Tougaloo U._ 5.50\n Mallett Creek. Dr. J. A. Bingham 5.00\n Mansfield. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., _for\n Student Aid, Fisk U._ 25.00\n Marietta. J. W. S. and H. R., 50c. each 1.00\n Nelson. Cong. Ch. 6.00\n Newark. Welsh Cong. Ch. 9.28\n Oberlin. \u201cA Friend,\u201d _for Chinese M._ 2.00\n Oberlin. Farrer Neighborhood Sab. Sch., _for\n John Brown Steamer_ 2.00\n Oberlin. Maria L. Root, 2; L. F., 1 3.00\n Rochester. Cong. Ch. 9.10\n Saybrook. Rev. A. D. Barber 22.50\n Warren. Miss Ella Estabrook\u2019s S. S. Class in\n Presb. Ch., _for Reading Room, Emerson Inst._ 8.00\n Wayne. Ellen Jones 5.00\n Weymouth. Cong. Ch., _for Ind\u2019l. Dept.,\n Tougaloo U._ 9.25\n\n\n INDIANA, $2.00.\n\n Michigan City. Girls\u2019 Juv. Soc. of Cong. Ch.,\n _for Student Aid, Atlanta U._ 2.00\n\n\n ILLINOIS, $1,080.02.\n\n Aurora. Sab. Sch. of N. E. Cong. Ch., _for\n Student Aid, Fisk U._ 25.00\n Cambridge. Y. P. Miss\u2019y Circle, _for Student\n Aid, Fisk U._ 25.00\n Chenoa. Woman\u2019s Miss\u2019y Soc. 3.70\n Chicago. N. E. Cong. Ch. (96 of which special\n gift), 202.20; N. E. Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch.,\n 74.64; First Cong. Ch., 148.56; Ladies\u2019\n Miss. Soc. of Lincoln Park Ch., 25; Theo.\n Sem., 3.77 454.17\n Chicago. C. B. Bouton, _for Student Aid, Fisk\n U._ 50.00\n Englewood. Cong. Ch. 6.00\n Forrest. Cong. Ch. 25.74\n Galesburgh. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch., 50;\n Sab. Sch. First Church of Christ, 45.25,\n _for Student Aid, Fisk U._ 95.25\n Galva. Cong. Ch., (ad\u2019l) 5.00\n Geneseo. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., _for Student\n Aid, Fisk U._ 42.20\n Kewanee. Women\u2019s Miss\u2019y Soc., _for Student\n Aid, Tougaloo U._ 20.00\n Lee Center. Cong. Ch. 10.50\n Lyndon. \u201cA Friend\u201d 2.00\n Mendon. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 10.00\n Moline. Ladies\u2019 Miss\u2019y Soc., _for Student Aid,\n Fisk U._ 25.00\n Northampton. R. W. Gilliam 5.00\n Oak Park. Cong Ch., 2.38; W. E. B., 50c 2.88\n Port Byron. Cong. Ch. 6.70\n Rockford. First Cong Ch., 58.92; Second Cong.\n Ch., 11 69.92\n Saint Charles. Abbie C. Ward, _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 3.00\n Springfield. First Cong. Ch. 33.15\n Sterling. Cong. Ch., _for Student Aid, Topeka,\n Kan._ 50.81\n Sycamore. J. H. Rogers, _for Student Aid, Fisk\n U._ 104.00\n Thomasborough. \u201cR.\u201d 5.00\n\n\n MICHIGAN, $280.58.\n\n Adrian. A. J. Hood (1 of which _for John Brown\n Steamer_) 10.00\n Ann Arbor. \u201cA Friend.\u201d 20.00\n Benzonia. Amasa Waters 10.00\n Benzonia. First Cong. Sab. Sch., _for John\n Brown Steamer_ 15.00\n Chelsea. John C. Winans 100.00\n Detroit. \u201cTwo Friends of the Indians,\u201d _for\n Indian M._ 25.00\n Detroit. Mrs. H. D. T. 1.00\n Grand Blanc. Cong. Ch. and Soc., 11.37; Sab.\n Sch. Concert, 6.03 17.40\n Grand Rapids. Park Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch., _for\n Rev. J. H. H. Sengstacke_ 40.00\n Homestead. Cong. Sab. Sch. 2.45\n Mattawan. Cong. Sab. Sch. 2.25\n Middleville. Cong. Ch. 4.46\n Oliver. Cong. Sab. Sch., 9.28; First Cong.\n Ch., 7.74 17.02\n Saint John\u2019s. Rev. S. S. 1.00\n Wheatland. \u201cC. M.\u201d (10 of which _for John\n Brown Steamer_) 15.00\n\n\n IOWA, $120.29.\n\n Atlantic. Cong. Sab. Sch., 7.47; Mrs. Milo\n Whiting, 5 12.47\n Anamosa. Mrs. S. E. B. and Mrs. D. McC., 50c.\n each 1.00\n Cherokee. Ladies of Cong. Ch., _for Lady\n Missionary_, _New Orleans, La._ 2.50\n Chester Center. Cong. Ch., _for Student Aid_,\n _Fisk U._ 10.00\n Danville. Mrs. Harriet Huntington 6.00\n Davenport. J. A. Reed (10 of which _for\n Talladega C._) 20.00\n Humboldt. Mrs. L. A. W., 1; Mrs. C. A. L., 1 2.00\n Keokuk. Woman\u2019s Miss\u2019y Soc. 13.30\n Le Grand. T. P. and Clarinda Craig 5.00\n McGregor. Y. L. Mission Band, 10; Woman\u2019s\n Miss\u2019y Soc., 9.98 19.98\n Seneca. Rev. O. Littlefield and Wife 15.00\n Toledo. Cong. Ch. 13.04\n\n\n WISCONSIN, $309.68.\n\n Clinton. John H. Cooper 5.00\n Durand. Mrs. A. Kidder, 5; Miss A. E. Kidder,\n 5; Y. L. Miss\u2019y Soc., 2 12.00\n Footville. Cong. Ch. 5.16\n Kenosha. First Cong. Sab. Sch., _for Lady\n Missionary_, _Montgomery, Ala._ 10.00\n Menomonee. \u201cA Friend,\u201d 100; Cong. Ch., 22.64 122.64\n Milwaukee. Hon. E. D. Holton, 100; Grand Av.\n Cong. Ch., 52.88 152.88\n Racine. Cong. Ch. (ad\u2019l), 1; Rev. C. N., 1 2.00\n\n\n MISSOURI, $19.18.\n\n Saint Joseph. Tabernacle Cong. Ch. 19.18\n\n\n MINNESOTA, $78.87.\n\n Clearwater. Mrs. M. W. 0.50\n Granite Falls. Cong. Ch. 2.00\n Minneapolis. Plymouth Cong. Ch. 50.77\n Minneapolis. Rev. E. M. Williams, _for Student\n Aid_, _Atlanta U._ 15.00\n Saint Paul. Anna Baker 2.00\n Waseca. Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch., _for John Brown\n Steamer_ 8.60\n\n\n KANSAS, $2.00.\n\n Paola. Cong. Ch. 2.00\n\n\n NEBRASKA, $25.00.\n\n Lincoln. Cong. Sab. Sch. 25.00\n\n\n DAKOTA, $5.00.\n\n Kibby. \u201cH. R. P.\u201d 5.00\n\n\n COLORADO, $1.50.\n\n Denver. J. L. Peabody 1.50\n\n\n CALIFORNIA, $220.15.\n\n San Francisco. Receipts of The California\n Chinese Mission (ad\u2019l) 220.15\n\n\n DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.\n\n Washington. Dr. J. W. Chickering, Bundle of\n C., _for Chattanooga, Tenn._\n\n\n MARYLAND, $145.55.\n\n Baltimore. First Cong. Ch. 145.55\n\n\n TENNESSEE, $135.90.\n\n Nashville. Fisk University, Tuition 135.90\n\n\n NORTH CAROLINA, 25c.\n\n Wilmington. Tuition 0.25\n\n\n SOUTH CAROLINA, $10.00.\n\n Charleston. Plymouth Cong. Ch. 10.00\n\n\n GEORGIA, $369.30.\n\n Atlanta. Storrs Sch., Tuition, 244.25; Rent, 9 253.25\n Atlanta. Friends in First Cong. Ch., _for\n Student Aid_, _Atlanta U._ 60.20\n Atlanta. First Cong. Ch., 15; Rev. E. K., 1 16.00\n Macon. Lewis High Sch., Tuition, 7.35; Rent,\n 2.50 9.85\n Savannah. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for Student Aid_,\n _Atlanta U._ 30.00\n\n\n ALABAMA, $111.77.\n\n Mobile. Through A. M. 1; Through P. W., 75c.;\n E. S., 1; M. M., 50c., _for rebuilding\n Emerson Inst._ 3.25\n Mobile. Emerson Inst., Tuition 1.00\n Montgomery. Cong. Ch. 30.00\n Selma. Cong. Ch. 6.30\n Talladega. Rev. H. S. De Forest, _for\n President\u2019s House_, _Talladega C._ 61.22\n \u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cA Friend\u201d 10.00\n\n\n MISSISSIPPI, $44.54.\n\n Rodney. J. D. B. 0.54\n Tougaloo. Rent 44.00\n\n\n INCOME, $120.50.\n\n Avery Fund, _for Mendi M._ 120.50\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n Total $10,889.72\n ==========\n\n * * * * *\n\n RECEIPTS OF THE CALIFORNIA CHINESE MISSION, E.\n Palache, Treas., additional for year ending\n Aug. 31st, 1882:\n FROM AUXILIARY MISSIONS: Petaluma, Col., at\n Anniversary, 6.50; Annual Members,\n 26.\u2014Sacramento, Annual Members, 6.\u2014Santa\n Barbara, Mrs. N. P. Austin, 1; Miss Annie\n Dennis, 1.\u2014Stockton, Annual Members, 8 48.50\n FROM CHURCHES: Los Angeles, Cong. Ch., Annual\n Members, 4.\u2014Oakland, Plym. Av. Ch. (5 of\n which from Rev. H. E. Jewett), 6.\u2014Rio Vista,\n Cong. Ch., Mrs. M. L. Merritt, 5.\u2014San\n Bernadino, Cong. Ch., Coll., 12.35\u2014San\n Francisco, First Cong. Ch., Coll., 16;\n Annual Members, 4.\u2014Bethany, Ch., Annual\n Members, 14 61.35\n FROM EASTERN FRIENDS: Bangor, Me., Hon. E. R.\n Burpee, 100.\u2014Boston, Mass., Miss Harriette\n Carter, 10.\u2014Glyndon, Minn., Mrs. N. M.\n Willard, 30c 110.30\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\n Total $220.15\n =======\n\n * * * * *\n\n FOR ARTHINGTON MISSION.\n\n Income Fund 175.00\n =======\n\n H. W. HUBBARD, Treas.,\n 56 Reade St., New York.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\n BRAIN AND NERVE FOOD. VITALIZED PHOS-PHITES.\n\nIt restores the energy lost by Nervousness or Indigestion;\nrelieves Lassitude and Neuralgia; refreshes the Nerves tired\nby Worry, Excitement or Excessive Brain Fatigue; strengthens a\nFailing Memory, and gives Renewed Vigor in all Diseases of Nervous\nExhaustion or Debility. It is the only PREVENTIVE of Consumption.\n\nIt gives Vitality to the Insufficient Bodily or Mental Growth of\nChildren; gives Quiet, Rest and Sleep, as it promotes Good Health\nto Brain and Body.\n\n Composed of the Nerve-Giving Principles of the Ox-Brain and\n Wheat-Germ.\n\n Physicians have Prescribed 500,000 Packages.\n\n For sale by Druggists, or by Mail, $1.\n\n F. CROSBY CO., 664 and 666 Sixth Avenue, New York.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n J. B. WILLIAMS & CO.,\n\n GLASTONBURY, CONN.,\n\n MANUFACTURERS OF\n\n Shaving and Toilet Soaps.\n\n\nFor over 30 years this firm has made the manufacture of SHAVING\nSOAPS a specialty, and their Yankee Barber\u2019s Bar, and other soaps,\nenjoy a reputation among Barbers, as well as those who shave\nthemselves, unequalled by any other.\n\nTo all of our readers who are seeking for the VERY BEST SHAVING\nSOAP, we would say, be sure and get some of the following\n(_carefully avoiding counterfeits_):\n\n GENUINE YANKEE SOAP, BARBER\u2019S FAVORITE SOAP,\n CLIPPER SHAVING SOAP, VERBENA CREAM TABLET,\n POCKET SHAVING SOAP, TONSORIAL SOAP,\n BARBER\u2019S BAR SOAP, MUG SHAVING SOAP.\n\nThese Soaps can be found in every State and nearly every town in\nthe United States.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n[Illustration: COUNT RUMFORD.]\n\n HORSFORD\u2019S\n\n ACID PHOSPHATE.\n\n (LIQUID.)\n\n FOR DYSPEPSIA, MENTAL AND PHYSICAL\n EXHAUSTION, NERVOUSNESS, DIMINISHED\n VITALITY, URINARY\n DIFFICULTIES, ETC.\n\n PREPARED ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTION OF\n\n Prof. E. N. Horsford, of Cambridge,\n Mass.\n\n\nThere seems to be no difference of opinion in high medical\nauthority of the value of phosphoric acid, and no preparation has\never been offered to the public which seems to so happily meet the\ngeneral want as this.\n\nIt is not nauseous, but agreeable to the taste.\n\nNo danger can attend its use.\n\nIts action will harmonize with such stimulants as are necessary to\ntake.\n\nIt makes a delicious drink with water and sugar only.\n\nPrices reasonable. Pamphlet giving further particulars mailed free\non application.\n\n MANUFACTURED BY THE\n\n RUMFORD CHEMICAL WORKS,\n\n Providence, R.I.,\n\n AND FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n ESTABLISHED THIRTY YEARS.\n\n[Illustration: Smith\n\nAMERICAN\n\nORGANS]\n\n ARE THE BEST.\n\n * * * * *\n\n _Catalogues Free on Application._\n\n Address the Company either at\n BOSTON, MASS., 531 Tremont Street;\n LONDON, ENG., 57 Holborn Viaduct;\n KANSAS CITY, Mo., 817 Main Street;\n ATLANTA, GA., 27 Whitehall Street;\n Or, DEFIANCE, O.\n\n OVER 95,000 SOLD.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n 7 PER CENT. TO 8 PER CENT.\n\n Interest Net to Investors\n\n In First Mortgage Bonds\n\n ON IMPROVED FARMS\n\n In Iowa, Minnesota and Dakota,\n\n SECURED BY\n\n ORMSBY BROS. & CO.,\n\n BANKERS, LOAN AND LAND BROKERS,\n\n EMMETSBURG, IOWA.\n\n References and Circulars forwarded on Application.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n[Illustration: THE Rising sun STOVE POLISH]\n\n For beauty of gloss, for saving of toil,\n For freeness from dust and slowness to soil,\n And also for cheapness \u2019tis yet unsurpassed,\n And thousands of merchants are selling it fast.\n\n Of all imitations \u2019tis well to beware;\n The half risen sun every package should bear;\n For this is the \u201ctrade mark\u201d the MORSE BROS. use,\n And none are permitted the mark to abuse.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n PAYSON\u2019S\n\n INDELIBLE INK,\n\n FOR MARKING ANY FABRIC WITH A\n COMMON PEN, WITHOUT A\n PREPARATION.\n\n\n It still stands unrivaled after 50 years\u2019 test.\n\n\n THE SIMPLEST AND BEST.\n\n\nSales now greater than ever before.\n\nThis Ink received the Diploma and Medal at Centennial over all\nrivals.\n\nReport of Judges: \u201cFor simplicity of application and indelibility.\u201d\n\n\n INQUIRE FOR\n\n PAYSON\u2019S COMBINATION!!!\n\nSold by all Druggists, Stationers and News Agents, and by many\nFancy Goods and Furnishing Houses.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n Circulation Now 80,000, and Increasing.\n\n Advocating Evangelical Religion and Temperance.\n\n Liberty, Education and Equal Rights for all.\n\n NEW YORK WITNESS\n\n PUBLICATIONS for 1882\n\n\n=New York Weekly Witness.=\u2014Now in its 11th year; circulation,\n80,000; ONE DOLLAR a year. Gratis copy for club of 10, with $10. On\ntrial three months, 25c.\n\n=Sabbath Reading.=\u2014A very handsome, small eight-page weekly,\ncontaining in each number an excellent sermon and a choice\nselection of interesting matter for reading on the Lord\u2019s Day.\nFIFTY CENTS a year; club of ten, $4. On trial three months, 15c.\n\n=Gems of Poetry.=\u2014A beautiful, sixteen page monthly, on fine paper,\nand with an excellent portrait of some eminent poet in each number.\nThe contents are two serials, the \u00c6neid of Virgil and Aurora Leigh\nby Mrs. Browning; a fine assortment of selected poetry, and a great\nvariety of original poetry\u2014the latter competing for two prizes each\nquarter. FORTY CENTS a year; club of three, $1. On trial for three\nmonths, 10c.\n\n=Specimens= of the above publications sent free on application. All\nstop when subscription expires.\n\nWITNESS, SABBATH READING and GEMS OF POETRY, three months on trial\nfor fifty cents.\n\n JOHN DOUGALL & CO.\n\n WITNESS OFFICE:\n\n 21 VANDEWATER STREET, NEW YORK.\n\n We demand the Prohibition of the Liquor Traffic.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n[Illustration: ESTEY ORGAN\n\n J. Estey & Co\n\n Brattleboro Vt.]\n\nAs musical culture increases it demands in musical instruments for\nhome, church, or school, excellence in tone, tasteful workmanship,\nand durability.\n\n SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n Carpets Rugs, Mattings, etc.,\n\n FOR CASH.\n\n $3.50\u2014ELEGANT STYLES, LIGHT AND DARK\n PATTERNS, AXMINSTER, MOQUETTE\n AND HEARTH RUGS, 27 \u00d7 64 in.\n\nThese goods are very serviceable and are suitable for parlor or\ndrawing room, and are sold elsewhere for $5 to $7 each.\n\n REVERSIBLE, SMYRNA AND VELVET RUGS\n AND MATS, large assortment.\n\nREVERSIBLE MATS, 75c., 90c., $1; EXTRA QUALITY, $1.50; REVERSIBLE\nRUGS, $1.60, $2.50, $3, $3.75, $4.50; EXTRA LARGE, $6, $6.50, $9\nand $10.\n\n INDIA BODY BRUSSELS CARPETS, 45 and\n\n 55c. per yard.\n\n TAPESTRY BRUSSELS,\n\n 60c., 65c., 75c. and upwards.\n\n VELVET CARPETS (fine quality),\n\n $1.25, $1.35 per yard.\n\n MATTINGS, OIL CLOTHS, DRUGGETS,\n\n In numerous designs and worthy the attention\n of consumers and dealers.\n\n Mail orders will receive prompt attention.\n\n ANDREW LESTER & CO.,\n\n 511 Broadway,\n\n St. Nicholas Hotel Block. NEW YORK, N.Y.\n\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n 60,000 TONS USED IN 1881.\n\nOne ton will build two miles of staunch three-strand Barb Fence.\nOne strand will make an old wooden fence impassable to large\ncattle. One strand at bottom will keep out hogs.\n\n Washburn & Moen Man\u2019f\u2019g Co.,\n\n WORCESTER, MASS.,\n\n Manufacturers of\n\n Patent Steel Barb Fencing.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nA STEEL Thorn Hedge. No other Fencing so cheap or put up so\nquickly. Never rusts, stains, decays, shrinks nor warps. Unaffected\nby fire, wind or flood. A complete barrier to the most unruly\nstock. Impassable by man or beast.\n\nNo other Fence Material so easily handled by small proprietors and\ntenants, or large planters in the South.\n\nShipped on spools containing 100 pounds, or eighty rods of Fencing.\nCan be kept on the Reel for transient uses.\n\n CHEAPEST, BEST AND MOST EFFECTIVE OF FENCES.\n\nSend for Illustrative Pamphlets and Circulars, as above.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nTHE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\nWe send this number of the AMERICAN MISSIONARY to some persons\nwhose names are not among our subscribers, with the hope that\nthey will read it, and that their interest in the work which it\nrepresents will be deepened, and we take occasion to repeat what we\nhave set forth and urged frequently during the year, to wit:\n\nThat we are keenly alive to the necessity of keeping this magazine\nabreast with the very best publications of other missionary\nsocieties, at home and abroad. We shall seek to make its appearance\nattractive by pictures and illustrations. The Children\u2019s Page will\ncontain original stories and suggestive incidents. The General\nNotes on Africa, the Chinese and Indians will be continued. The\nfullest information will be given about our work in the South, now\nrecognized as so important to the welfare of the nation. We shall\nalso make ample reports of our methods and work among the Indians\nand Chinese in America, and following the Annual Meeting publish a\ndouble number like the present issue, giving a full account of the\nproceedings of that occasion.\n\nNo Christian family can afford to be without missionary\nintelligence, and no missionary society can afford to be without\nreaders of its publications; it had better give them to the readers\nwithout pay than to have no readers. Missionary zeal will die in\nthe churches without missionary intelligence.\n\nBut it would be far better for both the societies and the readers\nif missionary news were paid for. This would give the magazine\nattentive perusal and the society relief from the reproach of a\nlarge expense for publication. Missionary publications should be\nput on a _paying basis_. Aside from a free list to life members,\nministers, etc., the cost of publication should be made up by\npaying subscribers and advertisements.\n\nWe are anxious to put the AMERICAN MISSIONARY on this basis. We\nintend to make it worth its price, and we ask our patrons to aid us:\n\n1. More of our readers can take pains to send us either the\nmoderate subscription price (50 cents), or $1.00, naming a friend\nto whom we may send a second copy.\n\n2. A special friend in each church can secure subscribers at\nclub-rates (12 copies for $5 or 25 copies for $10).\n\n3. Business men can benefit themselves by advertising in a\nperiodical that has a circulation of over 20,000 copies monthly and\nthat goes to many of the best men and families in the land. Will\nnot our friends aid us to make this plan a success?\n\nSubscriptions and advertisements should be sent to H. W. HUBBARD,\nTreasurer, 56 Reade st., New York, N.Y.\n\n * * * * *\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber\u2019s Notes\n\n\nObvious printer\u2019s punctuation errors and omissions corrected.\nInconsistent hyphenation retained due to the multiplicity of\nauthors. Period spellings (e.g.indispensible, incrusted) retained.\n\n\u201cSteet\u201d changed to \u201cStreet\u201d on the inside cover in the\nCORRESPONDING SECRETARY listing.\n\n\u201caccustumed\u201d changed to \u201caccustomed\u201d on page 363. (they were\naccustomed to attend)\n\n\u201cist\u201d changed to \u201clist\u201d on page 383. (the list of trust funds)","title":"The American Missionary \u2014 Volume 36, No. 12, December, 1882","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":42829}