{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_60365/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_60365","id":"gutenberg_60365","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60365","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Biographies","Category: British Literature","Category: Humour","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Category: Poetry","Chapbooks, Scottish","Jacobite Rebellion, 1745-1746","Jacobites","Popular literature -- Scotland","Scotland -- History -- 18th century -- Sources"],"text":"TRANSCRIBER\u2019S NOTE\n\n  This book was limited to a printing of 250 copies; this etext is\n  derived from copy #187 (the number in the book is handwritten).\n\n  Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.\n\n  The 3-star asterism symbol is denoted by ***.\n\n  Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been\n  placed at the end of the book.\n\n  The four battle-plan illustrations have each been moved to the end\n  of the Chapter in which they appear.\n\n  Some other minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book.\n\n\n\n\n  COLLECTED WRITINGS\n\n  OF\n\n  DOUGAL GRAHAM.\n\n\n\n\n_Impression strictly limited to 250 copies, of which this copy is\nNo. 187_\n\n_Types taken down._\n\n\n[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF DOUGAL GRAHAM\n\n_From Woodcut in 1774 (3rd) Edition of \u2018History of the Rebellion.\u2019_\n\n  _Frontispiece to Vol. I._\n]\n\n\n\n\n  THE\n\n  COLLECTED WRITINGS\n\n  OF\n\n  DOUGAL GRAHAM\n\n  \u2018SKELLAT\u2019 BELLMAN OF GLASGOW\n\n\n  EDITED WITH NOTES\n\n  _Together with a Biographical and Bibliographical Introduction, and\n  a Sketch of the Chap Literature of Scotland_\n\n\n  BY\n\n  GEORGE MAC GREGOR\n\n  _Author of \u2018The History of Glasgow\u2019 and Member of the Glasgow\n  Arch\u00e6ological Society_\n\n\n  _IN TWO VOLUMES_\n\n  _VOL. I._\n\n\n  For Subscribers and Private Circulation\n\n  GLASGOW: THOMAS D. MORISON\n  MDCCCLXXXIII\n\n\n\n\n_PREFACE._\n\n\nSir Walter Scott and William Motherwell, it has been recorded, both\nintended to do something towards the preservation of the works and\nfame of the literary pedlar and bellman of Glasgow: the former by\nreprinting the first edition of _The History of the Rebellion_,\nand the latter by a history of the Chap Literature of Scotland,\nin which, of course, Dougal Graham should have been a prominent\nfigure. Neither of these eminent Scotsmen, however, found fitting\nopportunity to carry their intentions into effect. This is all the\nmore to be regretted when it is considered that few men were better\nable to undertake the task they had proposed for themselves. In\nthe fifty years that have elapsed since Scott and Motherwell made\nthe world acquainted with their abandoned projects, no serious\nattempt has been made to preserve the writings of Dougal Graham.\nThese works have been floating about the country in unconsidered\nfragments, and, notwithstanding the efforts of a few gentlemen of\nthe past and present generations, have ever been in danger of utter\ndestruction.\n\nThe Editor of these volumes has endeavoured to combine the\nintentions of Scott and Motherwell. After long and careful search,\nhe has been able to bring together extremely rare and unique\neditions of Graham\u2019s chap-books. Many of these works are rich in\nillustration of the manners and customs of the people during the\nperiod of their first publication; and the Editor, by foot-notes,\nand otherwise, has tried to explain obscurities, or trace the\norigin and development of peculiar customs. He has also noted\nmany passages containing valuable contributions to the folk-lore\nliterature of Scotland. The various editions that have come under\nhis notice have been carefully collated; and while the oldest\neditions are here given, any important differences between them\nand subsequent issues have been marked. The Editor considered it\nno part of his duty to \u2018improve\u2019 his author, for he believed that\nto the extent he sought to effect such so-called \u2018improvements,\u2019\nthe work would cease to be that of Graham. Every production has\nbeen given, as far as could be found, in the condition in which\nit proceeded from his pen; and by doing this the Editor thought\nhe would best perform his duty to his author and to the public. A\nglossary of obsolete, or imperfectly understood, words, has been\ngiven at the end of the second volume.\n\nIn the prosecution of his labours, the Editor laid himself under\nobligation to George Gray, Esq., Clerk of the Peace, Glasgow,\nwhose unequalled collection of the popular literature of Scotland\n(many of the most valuable specimens having once been in the\npossession of the late Dr. David Laing) has been laid under heavy\ncontribution; to Alex. Macdonald, Esq., Lynedoch Street; Matthew\nShields, Esq., Secretary of the Stock Exchange, Glasgow; John\nWordie, Esq., Buckingham Terrace; Prof. George Stephens, LL.D.,\nF.S.A., Copenhagen; Thomas Gray, Esq., Ashton Terrace; and John\nAlexander, Esq., West Regent Street. His thanks are also due to J.\nWhiteford Mackenzie, Esq., W. S., Edinburgh; J. T. Clark, Esq.,\nAdvocates\u2019 Library, Edinburgh; Bailie William Wilson, Glasgow;\nGeorge W. Clark, Esq., Dumbreck; and James Richardson, Esq., Queen\nStreet, Glasgow.\n\n  GLASGOW, _June, 1883_.\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS OF VOLUME I.\n\n\n                                                                PAGE\n\n  PREFACE                                                          5\n\n\n  EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION:\n\n  I.--_Biography of Dougal Graham_                                 9\n\n  II.--_The Writings of Dougal Graham_                            28\n\n  III.--_The Chap-Literature of Scotland_                         68\n\n\n  HISTORY OF THE REBELLION:\n\n  PREFACE                                                         83\n\n  CHAPTER I.--_Introduction and Origin of the War, Charles\u2019\n  landing in Scotland and march to Tranent_                       85\n\n  CHAPTER II.--_Battle of Preston pans--Rebels\u2019 return to\n  Edinburgh, and behaviour there_                                 97\n\n  _Plan of the Battle of Preston_                                100\n\n  CHAPTER III.--_Their March into England--Taking of\n  Carlisle--Rout through England and retreat back_               106\n\n  _Plan of the Battle of Clifton-Muir_                           112\n\n  CHAPTER IV.--_Retaking of Carlisle by Cumberland--His\n  return to London--Battle of Inverurie--The Rebels\n  March from Dumfries by Glasgow to Stirling_                    118\n\n  CHAPTER V.--_Siege of Stirling Castle--Battle of Falkirk_      126\n\n  _Plan of the Battle of Falkirk_                                130\n\n  CHAPTER VI.--_The Duke\u2019s return--His Speech to the\n  Army--March to Stirling--Explosion of St. Ninian\u2019s\n  Church_                                                        140\n\n  CHAPTER VII.--_The Duke\u2019s arrival at Stirling--The\n  Rebels\u2019 Retreat, and the Rout both Armies took to the\n  North_                                                         145\n\n  CHAPTER VIII.--_Blowing up the Castle of Cargarf by Earl\n  of Ancram--Skirmishes at Keith and Inverness &c._              148\n\n  CHAPTER IX.--_Kings Army pass the Spey--Battle of\n  Culloden--Defeat of Rebels &c._                                157\n\n  _Plan of the Battle of Culloden Muir_                          162\n\n  CHAPTER X.--_Charles\u2019 flight--Arrival in the Isles--Hardships,\n  hidings, and narrow escape_                                    167\n\n  CHAPTER XI.--_Procedure of the King\u2019s men against the\n  suspected--Confusion in the Army and severity against\n  the Clans_                                                     182\n\n  CHAPTER XII.--_Sundry dangers and hardships on the\n  main shore--Meets with six men who relieve him--Almost\n  starved--Goes to Lochaber--Meets with\n  Lochiel--Gets off from Moidart_                                205\n\n  CHAPTER XIII.--_Arrives at France--Reception there_            218\n\n  CHAPTER XIV.--_Trial and Execution of severals at Kensington,\n  Brampton, and Carlisle--The Lords Kilmarnock,\n  Cromartie, Balmerino, Lovat, and Charles Ratcliff_             221\n\n  CHAPTER XV.--_Conclusion--Charles interrupts the Congress--Is\n  seized at the Opera--Carried to the Castle of\n  Vincennes--And forced to leave France_                         240\n\n  _A Quaker\u2019s Address to Prince Charles_                         245\n\n  _Copy of the Rebels\u2019 Orders before the Battle of Culloden_     249\n\n  _Miss Flora\u2019s Lament: A Song_                                  250\n\n  _The Author\u2019s Address to all in general_                       251\n\n\n  JOHN HIGHLANDMAN\u2019S REMARKS ON GLASGOW                          255\n\n  TURNIMSPIKE                                                    261\n\n  TUGAL M\u2018TAGGER                                                 265\n\n  HAD AWA FRAE ME, DONALD                                        269\n\n\n\n\nEDITORIAL INTRODUCTION.\n\n\n\n\nI.--BIOGRAPHY OF DOUGAL GRAHAM.\n\n\nThe negligence of contemporaries by failing to appreciate the real\nworth of the great men of their time has often been a subject\nof remark. No special case need be cited to give point to the\nrecurrence of the proposition here, for many such instances will\nreadily suggest themselves to the mind. The reasons for this fact\nare many, and of divergent natures. Though it is beyond the scope\nof the present inquiry to discuss the general question, it may be\nobserved, however, that some of the more potent causes which in\nthe past have led to this unfortunate result are being rapidly\nremoved through the spread of knowledge among the great mass of\nthe people, and through the remarkable activity of the press in\nits various branches. Personal gossip regarding the hereditarily\nand individually great is now and then served up to the public,\nand it is always received with unmistakable relish. Autobiography,\nalso, has become fashionable, and this, within recent years, has\noften shed light upon opinions and actions about which some doubts\nhad formerly existed. These and other circumstances, in themselves\nperhaps not unmixed good, will tend to keep the biographers of\nthe great men of this and the last generation from being placed\nin the awkward position in which almost all who attempt to record\nthe lives of men who have achieved local or universal fame prior\nto the present century must at times find themselves placed.\nInsufficient data is the great obstacle in the way of the latter\nclass. Traditions difficult to credit and as difficult to refute;\nsuggestions more or less probable; and many obscurities, all\nincline to make their work perplexing, and, to a certain extent,\nunsatisfactory. Yet the task must be undertaken, and the earlier\nthe better, in order that such scraps of information as have come\ndown from the past to the present may be preserved.\n\nDougal Graham, the literary pedlar and bellman of Glasgow, like\nmany a greater man, has suffered unmerited neglect, and the value\nof his work was not discovered, or appreciated, until it was almost\ntoo late to retrieve the loss involved by the remissness of his\ncontemporaries and immediate successors. Motherwell, lamenting this\nfact, says very truly, \u2018That a man who, in his day and generation,\nwas so famous, should have left no dear recollections behind\nhim; some Boswell to record his life, actions, and conversation,\nneed be subject of admiration to no one who has reflected on\nthe contemptuous neglect with which Time often treats the most\nillustrious dead.\u2019[1] Graham was first noticed as having done\nsomething for the literature of his country by Mr. E. J. Spence, of\nLondon, who in 1811 published _Sketches of the Manners, Customs,\nand Scenery of Scotland_. Motherwell, in the short-lived _Paisley\nMagazine_, next set forth fully Graham\u2019s title to the regard of\nhis compatriots, and rescued a few recollections concerning him\nwhich, in the course of a year or two more, would have been lost.\nM\u2018Vean, in the appendix to his edition of M\u2018Ure\u2019s _History of\nGlasgow_, issued in 1830, added a few additional particulars. Then\nDr. Strang, through the medium of his work on _Glasgow and its\nClubs_, contributed his mite to the small collection of knowledge\nconcerning our author. Graham has provided only one or two details\nabout himself; an advertisement in a Glasgow newspaper fixes the\ndate of one of the most important events of his life; and Dr.\nStrang has preserved some stanzas of an elegy on his death, written\nby some unknown poetaster. There, practically, our knowledge\nceases. All beyond what is to be gained from these sources is\ntradition or inference, and not a little of what has thus been\nput on record has been questioned. A \u2018metrical account of the\nauthor,\u2019 according to an existing tradition, was prefixed to an\nearly issue of Graham\u2019s _History of the Rebellion of 1745-46_, but\nowing to the disappearance of the first and second, and some of\nthe subsequent editions, this account, if it ever existed, can now\nafford no assistance, nor can the tradition itself be traced to\nits source. Sir Walter Scott felt interested in Dougal\u2019s work, but\nunfortunately he has contributed nothing to his biography, though\nit is believed to have been his intention to have done so. Such\nbeing the state of matters, it is only fair at this stage to assume\nthat comparatively few of the events in the life of Dougal Graham\nhave been ascertained beyond doubt, and that much that is related\nabout him might be overturned even by some minute discovery. The\nprobabilities, however, are against such a happy occurrence at\nso remote a period. His career, in so far as it is known, is not\nwithout a touch of romance, and it furnishes the key to a proper\nacquaintance with his works.\n\nGraham, according to all accounts, was born in the village\nof Raploch, near Stirling, in or about the year 1724. If, as\nhas been supposed, his _History of John Cheap the Chapman_\nis autobiographical, this is his own story of that important\nevent--\u2018I, John Cheap by chance, at some certain time, doubtless\nagainst my will, was born at the Hottom, near Habertehoy Mill. My\nfather was a Scots Highlandman, and my mother a Yorkshire wench,\nbut honest, which causes me to be of a mongrel kind.\u2019 Should this\naccount be accurate, the names of the places seem to be veiled;\nbut the uncertainty as to its application to Graham himself makes\nit of comparatively little value. Unfortunately, Nature endowed\nhim with a deformed body, and his physical defects developed with\nhis growth. His parents, from their humble position in life, were\nunable to give him anything beyond the common education of the\ntime, which was of a very scant description, but he seems to have\nlearned more by his native wit than by the instructions of the\nschoolmaster. Taught no trade, his youth would probably be spent\nat farm work, or at such odd employment as he could find, it may\nhave been in the weaver\u2019s shop, or in the saw-pit, much the same,\nin all likelihood, as his father had done before him, and as we\nmay still find men doing in remote country hamlets. Leaving the\nold home under the shadow of Stirling Castle, Graham went in his\nearly youth as a servant to a small farmer in the neighbourhood of\nthe quaint little village of Campsie. A tradition regarding his\nresidence there lingered about the place for nearly a century, for\nSpence saw traces of a turf cottage said to be the birth-place\nand early residence of Dougal Graham.[2] As there are no good\ngrounds for questioning the statement that Graham\u2019s birth-place\nwas Raploch, may it not be considered a feasible idea, in view of\nSpence\u2019s remark, that our author\u2019s parents removed to Campsie, and\nthat he went with them? How long Dougal remained with the farmer is\nunknown. Of an unsettled disposition, he, like his creation _John\nCheap_, made himself a chapman when very young, in great hopes of\nbeing rich when he became old; and for some years he wandered over\nthe country in the exercise of his craft. The political events of\nthe time, however, effected another and more important change in\nhis career, and rapidly developed in him the mental capabilities\nwith which nature had, by way of compensation, endowed him.\n\nThe outbreak of the Jacobite Rebellion in 1745 found Graham ready\nto follow the Young Chevalier. When the Highland army was on its\nsouthward march, he joined it on the 13th of September of that\nyear, at the Ford of Frew, on the Forth. At that time he was\nprobably about twenty-one years of age. The capacity in which\nhe became attached to the Prince\u2019s forces has been matter for\nconjecture. His physical deformities are assumed to have unfitted\nhim for active service, and everything points to the conclusion\nthat he was not a soldier, but rather a sutler, or camp-follower,\nblending, probably, his political aspirations with commercial\npursuits. In the preface to his _History of the Rebellion_, he\navoids saying he participated actively in the events he records,\nbut plainly states that he had \u2018been an eye-witness to most of\nthe movements of the armies, from the rebels first crossing the\nFord of Frew to their final defeat at Culloden.\u2019 Throughout the\nwhole course of the seven months\u2019 campaign, Graham accompanied the\nrebel army, and while he has carefully recorded its movements, he\nhas given no indication of how he himself was occupied, or of any\nadventures that may have fallen to his share. There can be little\ndoubt that, to a man of his temperament, the march to Derby and the\nretreat upon Inverness, would be highly educative in its effects,\nby showing him life in various parts of the country he had in all\nlikelihood never visited before, and by bringing him into contact\nwith men of all ranks. In this short period his knowledge of men\nand manners would be largely increased, and the experience thus\ngained would greatly facilitate the production of those graphic and\ntruthful descriptions which sometimes adorn--sometimes, it must\nalso be admitted, tarnish--the literary efforts of his later years.\n\nUntil this time, Graham is not known to have made any effort in\nthe direction of literature, though, in view of the magnitude of\nthe task he set before himself on the conclusion of the rebellion,\nit is not improbable he may have courted the Muses from afar, and\nindulged in poetical, or rhythmical, fancies for the amusement\nof his customers and entertainers in his youthful chapman days.\nHowever that may be, Dougal, immediately after the disaster at\nCulloden, rapidly made his way homewards, and set about committing\nto verse a narrative of the expedition of Prince Charles. The\nself-imposed duty was great, but he was equal to it. The battle of\nCulloden was fought on the 16th of April, 1746, and five months\nlater Graham\u2019s work was announced. In the _Glasgow Courant_, of the\n29th September, the following advertisement appeared:--\n\n  \u2018That there is to be sold by James Duncan, Printer in Glasgow,\n  in the Saltmercat, the 2nd Shop below Gibson\u2019s Wynd, a Book\n  intituled A full, particular, and true Account of the late\n  Rebellion in the Year 1745 and 1746, beginning with the\n  Pretender\u2019s Embarking for Scotland, and then an Account of every\n  Battle, Siege, and Skirmish that has happened in either Scotland\n  or England.\n\n  \u2018To which is added, several Addresses and Epistles to the Pope,\n  Pagans, Poets, and the Pretender: all in Metre. Price Four Pence.\n  But any Booksellers or Packmen may have them easier from the said\n  James Duncan, or the Author, D. Grahame.\n\n  \u2018The like has not been done in Scotland since the Days of Sir\n  David Lindsay.\u2019\n\nThere is every reason to believe that this work became popular\nimmediately on its publication. Scattered broadcast over Scotland\nby chapmen and others, while the events of which it treated were\nstill agitating the minds of the people, Graham\u2019s name by it would\nbe brought boldly to the front, and there would be opened up for\nhim the possibilities of a career wider than any he could have\ncontemplated under ordinary circumstances. In every way the work\nappears to have been a success, and the judgment pronounced upon\nit by Dr. Robert Chambers has been concurred in by all who have\nread the production--\u2018The poetry is, of course, in some cases a\nlittle grotesque, but _the matter_ of the work is in many instances\nvaluable. It contains, and in this consists the chief value of all\nsuch productions, many minute facts which a work of more pretension\nwould not admit.\u2019[3] Sir Walter Scott\u2019s estimate of it was not\nless favourable, for, writing to Dr. Strang in 1830, he said--\u2018It\nreally contained some traits and circumstances of manners worth\npreserving.\u2019[4]\n\nAlthough the issue of the _History of the Rebellion_ was probably\nlarge, it is remarkable that now, and for many years past, no copy\nof the first edition has been known to exist. It would be difficult\nto explain the cause of such a total disappearance. The fact must\nbe regretted both from literary and bibliographical points of view,\nfor a copy of it, besides being of interest in itself, would clear\nup several obscurities and differences of opinion that have arisen\nin relation to it and subsequent editions.\n\nPrior to the publication of the _History of the Rebellion_, Graham\nwas not a resident in Glasgow, though it is probable he would be\nknown to many there, for he must have had frequent occasion to\nvisit the city for the purpose of purchasing his stock-in-trade.\nThese visits would bring him into contact with booksellers, and\nthe numerous tradesmen whose wares would be represented in his\nmiscellaneous pack. The title-page of his work is said to have\ncontained these lines:--\n\n      \u2018Composed by the poet, D. Graham,\n      In Stirlingshire he lives at hame.\u2019\n\nIt would be useless to say whether the wide term \u2018Stirlingshire\u2019\nbore reference to Raploch, or to Campsie, as has been suggested;\nbut the verse may fairly be considered, by the prefix \u2018poet\u2019 to the\nauthor\u2019s name, to give countenance to the inference that Graham was\nnot quite a tyro in the art of verse-making, and that previous to\nthe publication of his _History_ he was regarded by his intimate\nfriends, at least, as having qualified for the title. However that\nmay be, Dougal seems now to have made Glasgow his home. Possibly\nhe still continued to ply his calling as a pedlar; but he added\nto this a profession for which his natural capabilities specially\nadapted him. In Glasgow, he became the poet of passing events.\nLittle of local importance seemed to have escaped him, and the\nfew metrical pieces now extant, and attributed to him by various\nauthorities, can only be regarded as the representatives of an\nextensive issue of facetious broadsides and chap-book ballads.\nAmong those believed to be referable to this period of his life,\nare _John Hielandman\u2019s Remarks on Glasgow_, and _Turnimspike_.\nAlthough these have never been acknowledged by Graham himself,\nin the formal way that he has acknowledged the authorship of\nthe _History of the Rebellion_, there is a consensus of opinion\nthat these two poems are undoubtedly his production. In them the\nacquaintance he made with Highland modes of thought and expression\nduring the progress of the Jacobite campaign, served him in\ngood stead. M\u2018Vean attributes a humorous piece, entitled _Tugal\nM\u2018Tagger_, to Graham, but this has been questioned on several\ngrounds, perhaps the most forcible suggestion being, that its style\nand rhythm are liker the work of Alexander Rodger than of Graham.\nPersonally, we feel inclined to support M\u2018Vean, and that for a\nvariety of reasons, which may be better explained when dealing\nwith the bibliography of our author\u2019s works; while other metrical\ncompositions of a similar character will also fall to be considered\nunder the same head.\n\nDougal was now a man of some note, and, in addition, he is believed\nto have gradually worked himself into a position of comparative\nfreedom from pecuniary troubles. In the time of his poverty he\nvented his ill nature on his Roman Catholic fellow-subjects in\nverse far from elegant, charging them with having brought about,\nfor reasons best known to himself, the unsatisfactory state of his\nexchequer:--\n\n      \u2018You Papists are a cursed race,\n      And this I tell you to your face;\n      And your images of gold so fine,\n      Their curses come on me and mine.\n      Likewise themselves at any rate,\n      For money now is ill to get.\n      I have run my money to an en\u2019,\n      And have nouther paper nor pen\n      To write thir lines the way you see me,\n      And there\u2019s none for to supplie me.\u2019\n\nLike many another man, Graham becomes incoherent when indulging\nin strong language. But matters did not always remain in this sad\nstate, and when he published the second edition of his _History\nof the Rebellion_ he was able to call himself \u2018Dougal Graham,\nmerchant,\u2019 showing he had advanced a step in his commercial\nposition. There is no reason to suppose he had a place of business,\nsuch as a shop or warehouse, but the probability is that he had\nbecome one of the better class of chapmen, whose packs contained a\nlarge variety of finer goods than were usually hawked through the\ncountry.\n\nThe second edition of the _History of the Rebellion_ was published\nin 1752, probably with additions to include the adventures of\nPrince Charles after the defeat at Culloden. This edition, like the\nfirst, has disappeared, and at present no copy is known to exist.\nThe re-issue of his work would assist Graham in his pecuniary\naffairs, and it is said that he was able to begin a business which,\neven in these early days, would require some little capital.\nAccording to M\u2018Vean, Graham, after 1752, became a printer, and,\nlike Buchan, the chronicler of Peterhead, he composed his works and\nset them up at the case without committing them to writing; or, as\nStrang puts it, he was in the habit of at once spinning thought\ninto typography. Beyond that there is no information as to Dougal\u2019s\nexperience at the printing trade, though it must suggest itself as\nstrange that so many of his chap-books should be issued by other\nparties, by Mr. Caldwell of Paisley, for instance, who is reported\nby Motherwell to have said:--\u2018We were aye fain to get a haud of\nsome new piece frae him.\u2019\n\nLike Sir Walter Scott, who took a great interest in him and his\nworks, Graham after a time appears to have turned his attention\nmore particularly to prose composition, indulging rarely in verse.\nThe period during which most of his prose chap-books were written\nand issued was probably between 1752 and 1774, the latter being the\ndate of the publication of the third edition of his _History of the\nRebellion_; though one or two are known to have appeared subsequent\nto that date. These works would greatly add to his credit with\nthe people, and there can be no doubt that they had a most\nextensive circulation. \u2018A\u2019 his works took weel,\u2019 says Mr. Caldwell,\nMotherwell\u2019s informant, \u2018they were level to the meanest capacity,\nand had plenty o\u2019 coarse jokes to season them. I never kent a\nhistory of Dougal\u2019s that stuck in the sale yet.\u2019 Better testimony\nas to their popularity could scarcely be desired; and that the\nauthor was awarded a share of the favour his works received\ncannot be doubted. It has sometimes been thought that several of\nhis chap-books were to a certain extent autobiographical--such,\nfor instance, as _John Cheap the Chapman_--but the absolute\nimpossibility of separating fact from fiction makes them of no\nvalue in this direction. Whether printed by himself or others\nthe number of his works still known to exist prove him to have\nbeen a most prolific writer, and it can be fairly assumed that,\nin a pecuniary sense, they were successful. None of them appear\nto have been published under Graham\u2019s own name, but were either\nissued anonymously or under a cognomen which would probably be well\nunderstood in his own time as referring to him, such as \u2018The Scots\u2019\nPiper,\u2019 \u2018John Falkirk,\u2019 and \u2018Merry Andrew at Tamtallon.\u2019\n\nAn advertisement which appeared in the _Glasgow Journal_ of 14th\nJune, 1764, has raised the question of Graham\u2019s domestic relations.\nEverything known points to the conclusion that he never entered\ninto the conjugal yoke. The announcement spoken of ran thus:--\n\n  \u2018NOTICE.--Whereas, Jean Stark, spouse to Dougal Graham,\n  ale-seller, above the Cross, Glasgow, has parted from her\n  husband, he thinks it proper to inform the public that she\n  be inhibit by him from contracting debt in his name, or yet\n  receiving any debt due to him, after this present date.\u2019\n\nIt has been usual to assume that this advertisement had no\nreference to our author, and, even though the names are the same,\nwe see no reason to dissent from the general verdict. There is\nneither direct information nor obscure indication of Graham having\nat any time been an \u2018ale-seller.\u2019 The incident, however, has given\nProfessor Fraser an opportunity of pointing out a failing of\nDougal\u2019s--\u2018In one sense, he was always a large dealer in spirits,\nbut it is not so certain that he was actually a publican.\u2019[5]\nJudging from his works, and if the few traditions concerning\nhim are to be accepted as evidence on this point, he was not a\nteetotaller, but that in itself was no remarkable circumstance in\nthe times in which he lived.\n\nAn event of the first importance in Graham\u2019s life was his\nappointment to the post of skellat bellman of the city of Glasgow.\nOne would naturally have thought that in this matter at least there\nwould have been no room for any dubiety concerning the various\ncircumstances of the appointment, especially as it was to a post of\nsome credit under one of the most ancient municipal corporations\nin Scotland, but that is not so. The \u2018skellat\u2019 bell, it may be\nexplained, was the one used for ordinary announcements by the\ntown-crier, as the \u2018mort\u2019 bell was in use on the intimation of\ndeath. In former times the crier, on obtaining possession of the\ntwo bells, had, according to the Burgh Records, \u2018to cum bund for\nthe soume of thrie scoir pundis\u2019 Scots, or \u00a35 sterling; and in\naddition to the importance of the office, it was always regarded\nas being of some pecuniary value. As the appointment was in the\ngift of the magistrates, it is surprising that no notice is taken\nin the Town Council Records of Graham\u2019s incumbency. Motherwell put\nhimself to some trouble in this matter, and wrote to Dr. Cleland,\nauthor of the _Annals of Glasgow_, then Superintendent of Public\nWorks in the city, requesting information. In October, 1828, he\nreceived this reply--\u2018With regard to Dougal Graham, I may safely\nsay there is nothing in the Records concerning him. This, from my\nown knowledge, corroborated by Mr. Thomson, one of our Town-clerks,\nwho lately made an index of everything in the books for 150 years\nback.\u2019 In order to satisfy himself on this point, the editor of\nthese volumes took advantage of the opportunity kindly afforded him\nof going over the Burgh Records in the Town Clerk\u2019s Office, and\na careful search over the Council Minutes for a period of fully\nforty years was unproductive of any result other than that recorded\nby Dr. Cleland. As to the date of the appointment, therefore,\nsome doubt exists. Turner, a town officer of fully eighty years,\ntold Cleland that when he was a boy of about ten years of age,\nhe remembered Graham as bellman, and Motherwell infers from this\nstatement that our author was enjoying the whole emoluments of\noffice about 1750. M\u2018Vean, however, is of a different opinion, and\nsays Graham could not have been bellman earlier than 1770, \u2018as an\nold gentleman remembers other four bellmen, who held office before\nDougal, and after the year 1764.\u2019 Possibly Turner\u2019s memory may have\nbeen failing him in his old age, and he may not have been accurate\nby ten or fifteen years. M\u2018Vean was certainly in as good a position\nas any one to ascertain the true version, and there seems no reason\nwhy his statement should not be accepted in preference to the\nhaphazard guess by Motherwell.\n\nTradition has it that Graham did not obtain the office of bellman\nwithout some little difficulty, because of his connection with the\nJacobite movement. Here is the story as given by Mr. Caldwell,\nthe Paisley publisher:--\u2018In his youth he was in the Pretender\u2019s\nservice, and on that account had a sair faught to get the place o\u2019\nbellman, for the Glasgow bailies had an illbrew o\u2019 the Hielanders,\nand were just doun-richt wicked against onybody that had melled\nwi\u2019 the rebels; but Dougie was a pawkey chield, and managed to\nwyse them ower to his ain interests, pretending that he was a\nstaunch King\u2019s man, and pressed into the Prince\u2019s service sair\nagainst his will, and when he was naithing mair than a hafflins\ncallant, that scarcely kent his left hand frae his richt, or a B\nfrae a bull\u2019s fit.\u2019 In addition to this subtle reasoning with the\nmagistrates, Dougal is said by some writers to have effected very\nmaterial alterations on the third edition of his _History of the\nRebellion_, published in 1774, in order to please the Whig patrons\nof the office to which he aspired. Here is a difficulty not easily\novercome. Caldwell\u2019s information was likely to be correct, and it\nis further supported by the knowledge that during the Jacobite\nrisings the Glasgow bailies, and the citizens generally, were\nstaunch supporters of the House of Hanover. The first thought that\nmust suggest itself to the mind is, that it was not at all likely\nthat Graham would seek to publish in Glasgow a Jacobite history of\nthe Rebellion, at a time when the city authorities were applying to\nParliament for an indemnification for the money and supplies levied\non them by the Prince and his army. But assuming that Graham did\npublish a history of this complexion, we have M\u2018Vean\u2019s statement,\nto all appearance founded upon a personal knowledge of the second\nedition--though he seems to regard it as the first--in these\nwords:--\u2018In 1752 Dougal talks of the rebels with a great deal of\nvirulence; in 1774 he softens his tone, and occasionally introduces\napologies for their conduct.\u2019 Possibly no one of the present\ngeneration, or of the one immediately preceding it, has ever seen\na copy of this second edition; and in the absence of other and more\nconclusive evidence, the _ipse dixit_ of M\u2018Vean must be accepted,\nand it goes directly against the assumption that Graham changed the\npolitical colouring of the third edition of his history to please\nthe Glasgow bailies. If his appointment as bellman took place in\n1750, as Motherwell, on what have been considered too slender\ngrounds, has suggested, there might be some reason for entertaining\nthe idea; but taking the date given by M\u2018Vean as approximately\naccurate it seems altogether out of the question. Caldwell, with\nhis admitted knowledge of the incident, does not even hint at such\nan action on Graham\u2019s part, but only supplies a very feasible\naccount of the explanation afforded to the magistrates. Then,\nagain, it could not be the case surely, if the bailies were \u2018wicked\nagainst onybody that had melled wi\u2019 the rebels,\u2019 that the best way\nto appease them would be to introduce into the _History of the\nRebellion_ apologies for the conduct of those whom they regarded\nwith such detestation. Dr. David Laing, writing, apparently, with\na personal acquaintance of the second edition, says:--\u2018The second\nedition, 1752, bears, \u201cPrinted for and sold by Dougal Graham,\nmerchant in Glasgow.\u201d In the third edition, 1774, the work was\nentirely re-written, and not improved.... The first edition is so\nextremely rare, that only one copy is known to be preserved, and,\nas a literary curiosity, it might be worth reprinting; although it\ndemolishes the fine story of the author\u2019s difficulty in obtaining\nthe bellman\u2019s place from the Glasgow bailies, on account of his\nbeing a Jacobite, and having joined the Pretender\u2019s army.\u2019[6] But\nmore than that, there are in the third edition itself some lines\nwhich go against the notion of alterations in respect of the\ncolouring of the events recorded. In \u2018The Author\u2019s Address to all\nin General\u2019 there is this verse:--\n\n      \u2018Now, gentle readers, I have let ye ken,\n      My very thoughts, from heart and pen,\n      \u2019Tis needless now for to conten\u2019,\n                    Or yet controule,\n      For there\u2019s not a word o\u2019t I can men\u2019,\n                    So ye must thole.\u2019\n\nHe then proceeds to describe barbarities on both sides, of which\nhe had been witness. In the preface also he says:--\u2018I have no\ndread of any Body\u2019s finding Fault with me for telling the Truth,\nbecause Charles has no Sway here; Duke William, once the Idol of\nthe loyal British, is gone to the House of Silence, and, I believe,\nif I should take the Liberty to tell the Truth of him, no Body\ncould blame me.\u2019 The contention here is not that Graham was not\nsufficiently worldly to stoop to trimming, but rather that the\nundoubted alterations made on the third edition were not of the\ncharacter many have imagined them to be. M\u2018Vean says that many\n\u2018curious passages\u2019 in the 1752 edition were suppressed in the\none of 1774, but he makes that statement with reference to the\ntoning down of the virulence against the rebels. Of course the\ndisappearance of the first and second editions precludes the final\nand decided settlement of this not unimportant question, but the\narguments and citations now brought forward can only lead to the\nimpression that Graham made no alterations on the political tone\nof the third edition of his history in order to win the Glasgow\nbailies over to his cause. There were alterations and amendments,\nbut these, it may be surmised, would be more of a literary than\npolitical character. The suggestion that they were of a different\nnature appears to have arisen from a mistaken notion of M\u2018Vean\u2019s\nstatement, which notion, by some means or other, became connected\nwith the difficulty Graham had in obtaining the office of bellman.\nThe two together make a most probable story, but it is a story\nwhich seems to be founded upon insufficient premises. It is\ncurious that a somewhat similar misunderstanding arose with regard\nto Chambers\u2019s _History of the Rebellion of 1745-6_, and that in\norder to put the public right, the author had to pen such words\nas these, as a preface to his seventh edition:--\u2018It has been\ncustomary to call it [this history] a Jacobite history. To this let\nme demur. Of the whole attempt of 1745 I disapprove as most men\ndo.... But, on the other hand, those who followed Charles Edward\nin his hazardous enterprise, acted according to their lights, with\nheroic self-devotion.... Knowing how these men did all in honour,\nI deem it but just that their adventures should be detailed with\nimpartiality, and their unavoidable misfortunes be spoken of with\nhumane feeling. There is no other Jacobitism in the book that I am\naware of.\u2019\n\nBut leaving the region of debate, it will be refreshing to turn\nto a humorous story on record, as to the competition Graham had\nto face before he became bellman. There were many applicants for\nthe situation, and the magistrates decided that the merits of each\nshould be put to a practical test. Accordingly all the candidates\nwere instructed to be present on a certain day in the back-yard\nof the old Town\u2019s Hospital, then situated in what is now known as\nGreat Clyde Street. The magistrates were present as judges, and\nthere were with them, no doubt, many of the leading citizens to\nwitness the interesting spectacle. All the other competitors having\nshown their skill with the bell, and demonstrated the quality of\ntheir vocal powers, Dougal\u2019s turn came. He entered into the spirit\nof the contest, and his physical peculiarities would greatly assist\nhim. He rang the bell in a surprising manner, and called out in\nstentorian tones--\n\n      \u2018Caller herring at the Broomielaw,\n      Three a penny, three a penny!\u2019\n\nadding, pawkily--\n\n      \u2018Indeed, my friends,\n        But it\u2019s a\u2019 a blewflum,\n      For the herring\u2019s no catch\u2019d,\n        And the boat\u2019s no come.\u2019\n\nThe victory was his, and the other competitors were out of\nthe reckoning. He had shown himself every way suited for the\noffice--to be endowed with that ready wit which has always been\na characteristic of the true Scottish bellman--and he was\naccordingly invested with the official garments, and with the\nmagisterial authority to exercise his new calling. In the year\n1774, probably two or three years after the events just related,\nthe third edition of Graham\u2019s _History of the Rebellion_, with\namendments, was published. This edition, like its predecessors,\nwas successful, and it is understood to be the last edition issued\nduring the author\u2019s lifetime. Dougal, as an official of the\nCorporation of Glasgow, had now become a personage of no little\nimportance in the community. These were not the days of cheap\nadvertisements, reaching half-a-million readers in a few hours,\nor of posters and handbills apprising the lieges of meetings and\nsales, or of the lost, stolen, and strayed. All this Graham, with\nthe aid of his bell, had to intimate to the public. The \u2018trial\nscene\u2019 affords a specimen of the kind of work he had to perform.\nHe had also, to a certain extent, to act as attendant on the\nmagistracy. The story goes that Dougal was on one occasion passing\nalong the Gallowgate, making some intimation or another. Several\nofficers of the 42nd Highlanders, then returned from the American\nWar of Independence, where their regiment had been severely\nhandled by the colonists, were dining in the Saracen\u2019s Head Inn,\nsituated at the foot of the Dovehill. They knew Dougal of old,\nand they thought to have a joke at his expense. One of them put\nhis head out of the window, and called to the bellman--\u2018What\u2019s\nthat you\u2019ve got on your back, Dougal?\u2019 This was rather a personal\nreference, for Dougal had the misfortune to be \u2018humphie backit.\u2019\nBut he was not put out by the question, for he at once silenced\nhis interrogator by answering--\u2018It\u2019s Bunker\u2019s Hill; do you choose\nto mount?\u2019 The good stories about Graham are said to have been\nlegion, but they have, unfortunately, been allowed to die out;\notherwise, a collection of his jokes and _bons mots_ might have\nbeen a formidable rival to the now classical _Joe Miller_.\n\nBut death put an end to Dougal\u2019s happy-go-lucky existence while he\nwas still in the prime of life. He died on the 20th of July, 1779,\nat the age of fifty-five or fifty-six, in what circumstances, or of\nwhat trouble, cannot now be discovered. These were not the days\nof newspaper obituaries, or he would certainly have been awarded\na half-column notice. This, of itself, is unfortunate, for then\nmany biographical details could have been obtained, and subsequent\nwriters of Graham\u2019s life would have been able to produce a record\nof his career more satisfactory to themselves and their readers.\nThat Dougal did not die unregretted, is witnessed by an elegy of\ntwelve stanzas, written at the time of his death by some unknown\npoetaster. This lament has, unfortunately, only come down to the\npresent generation in a fragmentary form, Dr. Strang[7] having\npreserved seven of the verses:--\n\n      \u2018Ye mothers fond! O be not blate\n      To mourn poor Dougal\u2019s hapless fate,\n      Ofttimes you know he did you get\n                Your wander\u2019d weans;\n      To find them out, both soon and late,\n                He spared no pains.\n\n      \u2018Our footmen now sad tune may sing,\n      For none like him the streets made ring,\n      Nor quick intelligence could bring\n                Of caller fish,\n      Of salmon, herring, cod, or ling,\n                Just to their wish.\n\n             *       *       *       *       *\n\n      \u2018The Bull Inn and the Saracen,\n      Were both well served with him at e\u2019en,\n      As ofttimes we have heard and seen\n                Him call retour,\n      For Edinburgh, Greenock, and Irvine,\n                At any hour.\n\n      \u2018The honest wives he pleased right well,\n      When he did cry braw new cheap meal,\n      Cheap butter, barley, cheese, and veal\n                Was selling fast.\n      They often call\u2019d him \u201clucky chiel,\u201d\n                As he went past.\n\n             *       *       *       *       *\n\n      \u2018Had any rambler in the night,\n      Broken a lamp and then ta\u2019en flight,\n      Dougal would bring the same to light\n                \u2019Gainst the next day,\n      Which made the drunk, mischievous wight\n                Right dearly pay.\n\n      \u2018It is well known unto his praise,\n      He well deserved the poet\u2019s bays,\n      So sweet was his harmonious lays;\n                Loud-sounding fame\n      Alone can tell, how all his days\n                He bore that name.\n\n      \u2018Of witty jokes he had such store,\n      Johnson could not have pleased you more;\n      Or with loud laughter made you roar\n                As he could do:\n      He had still something ne\u2019er before\n                Exposed to view.\u2019\n\n             *       *       *       *       *\n\nIn concluding this biographical notice of Dougal Graham, it\nwill be appropriate to make one or two quotations which will\ngive a full and just idea of his personality. Our author seems\nto have taken a portrait of himself--and through his modesty it\nis not too flattering--when he thus delineates _John Cheap, the\nChapman_:--\u2018John Cheap the chapman, was a very comical short thick\nfellow, with a broad face and a long nose; both lame and lazy, and\nsomething leacherous among the lasses; he chused rather to sit\nidle than work at any time, as he was a hater of hard labour. No\nman needed to offer him cheese and bread after he cursed he would\nnot have it; for he would blush at bread and milk, when hungry,\nas a beggar doth at a bawbee. He got the name of John Cheap the\nchapman, by his selling twenty needles for a penny, and twa leather\nlaces for a farthing.\u2019 Mr. Caldwell, of Paisley, told Motherwell\nthat \u2018Dougald was an unco glib body at the pen, and could screed\naff a bit penny history in less than nae time. A\u2019 his warks took\nweel--they were level to the meanest capacity, and had plenty o\u2019\ncoarse jokes to season them. I never kent a history of Dougald\u2019s\nthat stack in the sale yet, and we were aye fain to get a haud\nof some new piece frae him.\u2019 Dr. Cleland, on the information of\nTurner, an old Glasgow town-officer, was able to supply Motherwell\nwith this notice:--\u2018When Turner was a boy of about ten years of\nage, Dougald was bellman, and being very poetical, he collected\na crowd of boys round him at every corner where he rang the\nbell. Turner says that Dougald was \u201ca bit wee gash bodie under\nfive feet.\u201d\u2019 \u2018John Falkirk\u2019 is believed to have been a nickname\nassumed by, or applied to, Graham upon various occasions, and\nthis description of him is prefixed to one of the editions of\n_John Falkirk\u2019s Cariches_, published soon after his death:--\u2018John\nFalkirk, commonly called the _Scots Piper_, was a curious little\nwitty fellow, with a round face and a broad nose. None of his\ncompanions could answer the many witty questions he proposed\nto them, therefore he became the wonder of the age in which he\nlived.... In a word, he was\n\n      \u2018\u201cThe wittiest fellow in his time,\n      Either for Prose or making Rhyme.\u201d\u2019\n\nM\u2018Vean says:--\u2018Dougal was lame of one leg, and had a large hunch\non his back, and another protuberance on his breast.\u2019 Strang,\nreferring to the portrait prefixed to the third edition of the\n_History of the Rebellion_, and reproduced in this volume, thus\npictures Graham: \u2018Only fancy a little man scarcely five feet\nin height, with a Punch-like nose, with a hump on his back, a\nprotuberance on his breast, and a halt in his gait, donned in\na long scarlet coat nearly reaching the ground, blue breeches,\nwhite stockings, shoes with large buckles, and a cocked hat\nperched on his head, and you have before you the comic author,\nthe witty bellman, the Rabelais of Scottish ploughmen, herds,\nand handicraftsmen!\u2019 But here is an even more graphic pen and\nink portrait, some of the details, no doubt, filled in from\nimagination, but with the _tout ensemble_ admirably preserved, and\ntrue to life:--\u2018It must have been a goodly sight to see Dougal in\nhis official robes, the cynosure of every eye in the busy Trongate,\nor the life and soul of the company in Mrs. M\u2018Larty\u2019s \u201cwee bit\npublic,\u201d where he and his cronies were wont to quench their native\nthirst. He must, indeed, have been a grotesque figure. \u201cA wee\nbit gash body under five feet high;\u201d with a round, broad, red\nand much-seamed face; a prominent nose, truncated _\u00e0 la Punch_;\nan \u00c6sopian hump on one shoulder, and a large protuberance on one\nbreast; legs of unequal length and peculiar shape; a long scarlet\ncoat hanging down from the shoulders to the ground; blue breeches\nset off by white stockings, and large brilliantly buckled shoes:\nwith an imposing cocked hat perched fiercely on one side of the\nmassive head.\u2019[8]\n\nThese word paintings, together with the two portraits given in\nthis work, will afford the reader a most vivid conception of the\nappearance of the king of Scottish chapmen.\n\n\n\n\nII.--THE WRITINGS OF DOUGAL GRAHAM.\n\n\nIt must be manifest, from all that has been stated in the preceding\npages, that anything like a complete bibliography of the works of\nDougal Graham is now impossible. This is the case for many reasons,\nkindred in their nature to those that have rendered an absolutely\nsatisfactory biography unattainable; but more especially because,\nwith the exception of the _History of the Rebellion_, Graham\ndid not formally, on title-pages or elsewhere, acknowledge the\nauthorship of the ballads and prose chap-books attributed to him on\nmore or less trustworthy authority. Another important point is that\nhe did not seem to have interfered in any way with their re-issue\nafter their first publication, for there is evidence that in his\nlife-time editions were published in various places, other than\nGlasgow and Paisley, to all appearance independent of the author.\n\nMotherwell, in this as in other matters relating to Graham, acting\nunder the inspiration of information given him by Mr. George\nCaldwell, the Paisley publisher, ascribes the following works to\nDougal, adding the dates of the earliest editions he had in his\npossession when he wrote his article for the _Paisley Magazine_:--\n\n  The Whole Proceedings of Jockey and Maggy. In five parts.\n  Carefully corrected and revised by the Author. Glasgow: printed\n  for, and sold by, the Booksellers in Town and Country. 1783.\n\n  The Comical Sayings of Pady from Cork, with his Coat button\u2019d\n  behind. In all its parts. Carefully corrected by the Author.\n  Glasgow: printed for George Caldwell, Bookseller in Paisley. 1784.\n\n  The History and Comical Transactions of Lothian Tom. In six\n  parts. Glasgow: printed by J. & M. Robertson. 1793.\n\n  The History of John Cheap the Chapman. In three parts. Glasgow:\n  printed and sold by J. & M. Robertson. 1786.\n\n  The Comical and Witty Jokes of John Falkirk the Merry Piper.\n  Glasgow: printed in the year 1779.\n\n  The Scots Piper\u2019s Queries, or John Falkirk\u2019s Cariches for the\n  trial of Dull Wits. (n.d.)\n\n  Janet Clinker\u2019s Orations on the Virtues of Old Women and the\n  Pride of the Young. (n.d.)\n\n  Leper the Tailor. Two parts. Glasgow, 1779.\n\n  The Comical History of Simple John and his Twelve Misfortunes.\n\nMotherwell adds that \u2018John Falkirk\u2019s Jokes and Cariches\u2019 and \u2018Janet\nClinker\u2019s Orations\u2019 were frequently found printed together, and\nthat the last named was sometimes issued as a separate publication,\nwith the title--\u2018Grannie M\u2018Nab\u2019s Lecture in the Society of Clashing\nWives, Glasgow, on Witless Mithers and Dandy Daughters, who bring\nthem up to hoodwink the men, and deceive them with their braw\ndresses, when they can neither wash a sark, mak\u2019 parritch, or\ngang to the well.\u2019 In addition to the works already enumerated,\nMotherwell mentions the following, regarding which he says that\nthough he had no authority for ascribing them to Graham he would\nnot be surprised to find that he was the author of them:--\n\n  Merry Exploits of George Buchanan.\n  The Creelman\u2019s [Coalman\u2019s] Courtship.\n  The History of Buckhaven.\n\nThis concludes Motherwell\u2019s testimony; and here is that given by\nMr. M\u2018Vean, the antiquarian bookseller, whose authority can be\nscarcely less valid than that of the Paisley Poet. Dr. Strang\nsays:--\u2018In a manuscript of the late Mr. M\u2018Vean, the antiquarian\nbibliopole of the High Street, we find the following list of the\n_Opera Dugaldi_, so far as he had met with them, keeping out of\nview his lyrical productions, which were very numerous. Perhaps\nno man ever devoted more time to ferret out bibliographical\ncuriosities connected with Scotland than Mr. M\u2018Vean....\u2019:--\n\n  1. George Buchanan, six parts.\n\n  2. Paddy from Cork, three parts.\n\n  3. Leper the Tailor, two parts.\n\n  4. John Falkirk the Merry Piper.\n\n  5. Janet Clinker\u2019s Oration on the Virtues of the Old, and the\n  Pride of Young, Women.\n\n  6. John Falkirk\u2019s Curiosities [Cariches], five parts.\n\n  7. John Cheap the Chapman, three parts.\n\n  8. Lothian Tom, six parts.\n\n  9. The History of Buckhaven, with cuts.\n\n  10. Jocky and Maggy\u2019s Courtship, five parts.\n\n  11. The Follower [Follies] of Witless Women; or, the History of\n  Haveral Wives.\n\n  12. The Young Creelman\u2019s [Coalman\u2019s] Courtship to a Creelwife\u2019s\n  Daughter, two parts.\n\n  13. Simple John and his Twelve Misfortunes.\n\n  14. The Grand Solemnity of the Tailor\u2019s Funeral, who lay nine\n  days in state on his own Shop-board; together with his last Will.\n\n  15. The Remarkable Life and Transactions of Alexander Hamwinkle,\n  Heckler, Dancing-master, and Ale-seller in Glasgow, now banished\n  for Coining.\n\n  16. The Dying Groans of Sir John Barleycorn, being his grievous\n  Complaint against the Brewers of bad Ale; to which is added,\n  Donald Drouth\u2019s Reply, with a large Description of his Drunken\n  Wife.\n\n  17. A Warning to the Methodist Preachers.\n\n  18. A Second Warning to the Methodist Preachers.\n\nStrang himself, who, in some respects, must be regarded as an\nauthority upon matters relating to Graham, does not condescend\nupon bibliographical details; and the lists now given consequently\ninclude the testimony of the only two writers whose opinions or\nsuggestions bear with anything like direct authority on the subject.\n\nTwo poems entitled _John Hielandman\u2019s Remarks on Glasgow_ and\n_Turnimspike_ have been unhesitatingly attributed to Graham by all\nauthorities; _Tugal M\u2018Tagger_, another metrical production, was\nbelieved by M\u2018Vean to be his composition, though there has been\nsome subsequent questioning in the matter; while the following have\nbeen claimed or suggested as his work by M\u2018Vean, in a note to his\nedition of M\u2018Ure\u2019s _History of Glasgow_:--Verses on the Pride of\nWomen, a poem on the Popular Superstitions of Scotland, a Dialogue\nbetween the Pope and the Prince of Darkness, and an epitaph on the\nThird Command. Professor Fraser, in his list, inserts _Proverbs on\nthe Pride of Women_, in addition to the verses on the same subject;\nbut he gives no authority for the addition.\n\nHaving thus traced the results of the labours of those who have\nalready written concerning Graham\u2019s miscellaneous works, something\nmust now be said about his _History of the Rebellion_. The total\ndisappearance of the first and second editions of that curious\npublication renders, as has already been hinted, any statements or\nopinions regarding them of doubtful value, with the exception, of\ncourse, of the date of their issue to the public. The advertisement\nannouncing the intended issue of the first edition in 1746, has\nbeen quoted, and is undeniably authentic; but whether the work was\npublished immediately after, or some time later, is a moot point.\nThat it was published in that year is indicated by what follows,\nwhich is believed to be the contents of the title-page of the\n_editio princeps_:--\n\n  \u2018A full, particular, and true Account of the Rebellion, in the\n  years 1745-6.\n\n      Composed by the Poet D. Graham,\n      In Stirlingshire he lives at hame.\n\n  To the Tune of _The Gallant Grahams_. To which is added, Several\n  other Poems by the same Author. Glasgow, Printed and Sold by\n  James Duncan, &c., 1746. Price fourpence halfpenny.\u2019\n\nThis edition was a duodecimo consisting of 84 pp. Probably the\nmatter it contained, assuming no alterations of this portion, would\nend with the ninth chapter of later issues, the last lines of which\nform an appropriate conclusion to the fatal adventure of Prince\nCharles:--\n\n      \u2018This was a day of lamentation,\n      Made many brave men leave their nation.\n      Their eyes were open\u2019d, all was vain,\n      Now grief and sorrow was their gain.\u2019\n\nIt may be interesting to note that the published price of this\nedition, was, if the title-page quoted is authentic, a halfpenny\nmore than that at which it was announced; but that is a trivial\naffair compared with what is suggested by the words--\u2018To the Tune\nof _The Gallant Grahams_.\u2019 This may be taken as indicating that\nthe matter of the first edition was not altogether got up in the\npurely historical method, but that it was to a certain extent what\nmight be called either an historic drama, or a dramatic history.\nThis idea may not be accurate, but the apparent impossibility\nof referring to the first edition itself precludes any definite\nknowledge on the subject. Fraser, speaking of the disappearance\nof this edition, remarks:--\u2018Yet, at least a few copies of the\noriginal history _must_ be hidden somewhere. So late as 1830,\nthe author of \u201cWaverley\u201d had one in his possession, a fac-simile\nof which he intended to publish, with the view of presenting it\nto the Maitland Club, but sickness intervened to derange his\nplans, and two years later, death stepped in and snatched the pen\nfrom the great magician.\u2019[9] Again, Dr. David Laing says:--\u2018The\nfirst edition is so extremely rare that only one copy is known\nto be preserved, and, as a literary curiosity, it might be worth\nreprinting.\u2019[10] It is to be regretted that Dr. Laing\u2019s statement\nwas not more explicit. As for the assumption made by Professor\nFraser, it is only natural to imagine that the whole edition cannot\nhave altogether disappeared, and that a copy or two should still\nbe in existence. But he takes for granted regarding Sir Walter\nScott\u2019s intentions, and his preparedness to carry them into effect,\nrather more than the words of Dr. Strang, on which he seems to have\nfounded, will legitimately bear. This is what Strang says:--\u2018So\nlate as the year 1830, Sir Walter Scott even \u201centertained the idea\nof printing a correct copy of the original edition,\u201d with the view\nof presenting it to the Maitland Club as his contribution, stating,\nas he did in a letter addressed to the writer, that he thought \u201cit\nreally contained some traits and circumstances of manners worth\npreserving.\u201d\u2019[11] Scott\u2019s intention is here evident, but it in no\nway bears that he was in possession of a first edition. In point\nof fact, he had no copy of it at the time of his death, two years\nafter this letter was written, as a reference to the catalogue of\nthe Abbotsford Library will show. That catalogue contains this\nreference to Graham\u2019s History:--\u2018Graham\u2019s (Dougal, Bellman of\nGlasgow) Impartial History of the Rise, Progress, and Extinction\nof the late Rebellion, &c. (in doggrel verse). 3rd edit. 18mo.\nGlasgow: 1774.\u2019 So far for the first edition.\n\nAs for the second edition of the _History of the Rebellion_,\npublished in 1752, it has also disappeared. There is no reason to\nbelieve that, beyond a slight enlargement and some few alterations,\nthere was any material change in the work. Its tone is indicated\nby the remark made by M\u2018Vean:--\u2018_The History of the Rebellion_,\npublished by Dougal in 1752, differs very much from the third\nedition, published in 1774. This last appears to have been greatly\naltered and enlarged, and many curious passages in the early\nedition are suppressed in this. In 1752 Dougal talks of the rebels\nwith a great deal of virulence, in 1774 he softens his tone, and\noccasionally introduces apologies for their conduct. In 1752 Dougal\nstyles himself \u201cmerchant in Glasgow;\u201d a rhyming merchant could not\nbe expected to be rich, and he says--\n\n      \u201cYou Papists are a cursed race,\u201d\u2019 &c.\n\nThe lines, of which the one quoted is the first, have already\nbeen given in the biography, and there is no need for their\nrepetition here. But it is worthy of note that M\u2018Vean states, to\na certain extent indirectly, that they formed part of the matter\nin the second edition, and if that is the case they, it must be\nadmitted, fully confirm his statement as to that edition containing\npassages in which Graham talked of the rebels with a great deal\nof virulence; and, possibly, they may be taken as specimens of\nmany others of a like nature. Some writers have suggested that\nGraham may have learned the printing trade while this edition was\npassing through the press, and it has been suspected that he may\nhave had something to do with the printing of it himself. That is\nnot likely, or M\u2018Vean, who appears to have had a somewhat intimate\nacquaintance with the work, would have mentioned it.\n\nNo such doubts, however, exist as to the third edition of the\n_History of the Rebellion_, which, though rare, may be seen\noccasionally. It was published in 1774, and bears on the title-page\nthis lengthy statement of its contents:--\u2018An Impartial History of\nthe Rise, Progress and Extinction of the late Rebellion in Britain,\nin the years 1745 and 1746, giving an account of every Battle,\nSkirmish, and Siege, from the time of the Pretender\u2019s coming out\nof France, until he landed in France again: with Plans of the\nBattles of Prestonpans, Clifton, Falkirk, and Culloden, with a real\nDescription of his Dangers and Travels through the Highland Isles,\nafter the Break at Culloden. By D. Graham. The Third Edition, with\nAmendments. Glasgow: Printed by John Robertson. MDCCLXXIV.\u2019 The\nnarrative in this edition occupies 174 pp. It consists of fifteen\nchapters, containing in all 5562 lines, and is preceded by a\npreface of two pages, the title-page, and a full-page woodcut of\nthe author, bearing underneath it this couplet:--\n\n      \u2018From brain and pen, O virtue drope,\n      Vice fly as Charlie, and John Cope.\u2019\n\nAt the conclusion of the narrative are--\u2018A Quaker\u2019s Address to\nPrince Charles, shewing what was the Cause and Ground of his\nMisfortunes,\u2019 of 146 lines; a copy of \u2018The Rebels\u2019 Orders before\nthe Battle of Culloden\u2019; \u2018Miss Flora\u2019s Lament--A Song,\u2019 of ten\nfour-line stanzas; \u2018The Author\u2019s Address to all in general,\u2019 of\nfourteen six-line stanzas; and two pages of contents--making a\ntotal of 192 pages. The text of the third edition has been used in\nthe reprinting of the _History of the Rebellion_ for this volume.\n\nThe subsequent editions, so far as they have been discovered,\nneed only be mentioned. No trace has been found of the fourth\nedition, though it must have been published soon after Graham\u2019s\ndeath. The fifth edition received this notice from a writer of\nlast century:--\u2018In 1787, \u201cAn impartial history of the rebellion\nin Britain, in the years 1745 and 1746, by Douglas Graham\u201d (the\nfifth edition), was printed at Glasgow by J. & M. Robertson. This\nhistory is in Hudibrastic metre. This is a sorry performance.\u2019[12]\nThe seventh edition was published in Glasgow by J. & M. Robertson,\nSaltmarket, in 1803; the eighth by the same firm in 1808; the ninth\nin Falkirk, by T. Johnston, 1812; while the last, what its number\nit would be difficult to say, was published in Aberdeen, in 1850,\nconjointly by Alexander Watson and Alexander Murdoch. The Aberdeen\nedition does not bear Graham\u2019s name on the title-page, and instead\nof the author\u2019s preface, it contains a \u2018Genealogical and Historical\nIntroduction,\u2019 taken from the introduction to Chambers\u2019s _History\nof the Rebellion_. It is remarkable that the Advocates\u2019 Library,\nEdinburgh, should only possess an eighth edition.\n\nSomething must now be said about the miscellaneous poetical\nworks of Dougal Graham. The best known of these may be said to\nbe _John Hielandman\u2019s Remarks on Glasgow_, a humorous sketch of\nconsiderable power, valuable also, because of the information it\naffords regarding the leading features of the City of St. Mungo in\nthe middle of last century. M\u2018Vean has put it on record that this\npoem had long been popular, although it was not generally known\nthat it was by Graham that Glasgow had been \u2018married to immortal\nverse.\u2019[13] The date of its first publication is unknown, but it\nhas been generally supposed to have been written in the decade\nsubsequent to Dougal\u2019s settlement in Glasgow in 1746. The earliest\ncopy that has been seen by any writer was in one of the early penny\nbroadsides issued by J. & M. Robertson, of the Saltmarket, Glasgow,\nwho long occupied a prominent position as publishers of popular\nliterature. As a literary production _John Hielandman_ has not\nattracted so much notice as might have been expected from writers\non Scottish literature, but even a casual glance will show that\nit is a composition of great merit, abounding in graphic touches\nand humorous situations. It must be admitted, however, that the\ninterest attaching to it has been almost entirely local, and to\nthat circumstance may be attributed the fact that its merits have\nbeen frequently overlooked.\n\n_Turnimspike_ has received more attention than any other of\nGraham\u2019s poems, with the exception, perhaps, of his _History of\nthe Rebellion_; and it has obtained the unqualified approval of\nall the literary antiquaries who have had occasion to speak of it.\nSir Walter Scott said the _Turnimspike_ alone was sufficient to\nentitle Graham to immortality.[14] Dr. Charles Mackay has taken\nadvantage of a note upon it, to tell a story which has considerable\nbearing upon the state of feeling exhibited in the poem itself.\n\u2018Turnimspike, or Turnpike,\u2019 he says, \u2018is ludicrously descriptive\nof the agonies of a real Highlander at the introduction of toll\ngates, and other paraphernalia of modern civilisation, into the\nremote mountain fastnesses of his native land. Long after the\nsuppression of the Rebellion, great consternation was excited in\nRoss-shire, by the fact that a sheriff\u2019s officer had actually\nserved a writ in Tain. \u201cLord, preserve us!\u201d said an Highlandman to\nhis neighbour, \u201cWhat\u2019ll come next? The law has reached Tain.\u201d\u2019[15]\nBurns, in his _Strictures on Scottish Song_, expressed admiration\nfor _Turnimspike_, on account of its local humour, but he did not\nseem to have known the author; though Motherwell, in his edition\nof the works of the Ayrshire bard, supplies a few notes concerning\nGraham, to whom he attributes the poem. Stenhouse, in his\nillustrative notes to Johnson\u2019s _Museum_, says--\u2018This truly comic\nballad, beginning _Hersell be Highland Shentleman_, by an anonymous\nauthor, does not appear either in the Tea-Table Miscellany, or the\nOrpheus Caledonius. It is preserved, however, in Herd\u2019s Collection\nof 1769.... From its excellent broad humour, and the ludicrous\nspecimen of a Highlander\u2019s _broken_ English, it has long been a\npopular favourite in the lower districts of Scotland. It is adapted\nto the ancient air of \u201cClout the Caldron\u201d.\u2019 No writer has yet\nventured to fix the date of the publication of this poem. It may,\nhowever, be pointed out that the first General Turnpike Act for\nScotland was 7 Geo. III., c. 42 (1766-7), and it is not improbable\nthe passing of this Act may have been the occasion of the verses\nwhich, it has been seen, obtained a place in Herd\u2019s Collection\nin 1769. They were, in all likelihood, issued in broadside or\nchap-book form previous to that date.\n\nThe two songs already discussed, are now without quibble regarded\nas the work of Dougal Graham; but there are two others probably\nfrom his pen, which bear the mark of his genius, were published in\nhis time, but which have not yet been generally regarded as his\nby literary antiquaries. The first of these is _Tugal M\u2018Tagger_,\nunhesitatingly ascribed to Dougal by the venerable M\u2018Vean.\nIt has been suggested that this work has traces of Alexander\nRodger, on the ground that the rhythm has a flow similar to that\ncharacteristic of Rodger\u2019s poems; but this reason of itself cannot\nbe taken as evidence in favour of the suggestion, in view of the\nfact that Graham\u2019s style was itself very uneven, and, probably\non account of carelessness, some of his pieces are as bad as\nothers are good. M\u2018Vean\u2019s statement, also, must be allowed to go\na considerable length in a matter of this kind. The song is in\nDougal\u2019s best vein, and may be regarded as a worthy counterpart to\n_Turnimspike_. The following extract, by pointing to the occasion\nand probable date of the composition, helps towards the conclusion\nthat it was the work of Graham:--\u2018The Court of Session, in 1754,\nmade an Act of Sederunt, establishing an equality of ranking among\nall arrestors and poinders within a certain period of bankruptcy.\nBut this was a mere experiment; and upon the expiration of the\nAct, which was in force for only four years, it was not renewed.\nThe law fell back into its old state of imperfection; priority\ngave preference, and, on the slightest alarm, creditors poured in\nwith diligence against the unhappy debtor, and the most unjust\npreferences took place among the creditors. In this position it\ncontinued until 1772, when the first Sequestration Act, 12 Geo.\nIII., c. 72, was passed. It enacted that, on a debtor\u2019s bankruptcy,\nand upon a petition to the Court of Session by any creditor, a\nsequestration of his personal estate should be awarded, which\nshould have the effect of equalising all arrestments and poindings\nused within thirty days of the date of petition; that the estate\nshould be vested in a factor proposed by the creditors, and be\ndistributed by him according to the directions of Court; or, if it\nshould seem more eligible to the creditors, extrajudicially by a\ntrustee elected by them, as under a private trust deed. When, in\n1783, this statute came to be renewed, _the alarm occasioned by the\nnovelty of the arrangements_ had given way to a conviction that\nbankruptcies were much more beneficially administered under the new\nsystem, imperfect as it was, than under the Common Law.\u2019[16] Such\na radical alteration on the law would afford excellent opportunity\nfor a popular ballad, and as there is no good reason for doubting\nM\u2018Vean\u2019s statement that Graham was the author of _Tugal M\u2018Tagger_,\nit must in the meantime be accepted as his production. The Act\nbeing passed in 1772, the ballad would probably be published in\nthe same year. That it retained its popularity for a long time, is\nattested by a note written upon it in 1869:--\u2018Tugal M\u2018Tagger was a\nvery popular song in Glasgow about forty years ago. It used to be\nsung by Mr. Livingstone at the Theatre Royal there.\u2019[17] Even yet,\nit is not unknown to the people, and may be found in some penny\ncollections.\n\nAnother song, believed to be by Graham, but which has not yet met\nwith general approval, is an old version of _Had awa frae me,\nDonald_. Stenhouse has indirectly suggested it as Dougal\u2019s work,\nby saying that it was probably by the same hand that produced\n_Turnimspike_, and he mentions it as appearing in Herd\u2019s Collection\nin 1769. This song appears also in _The Blackbird_, a collection\nof songs, \u2018few of which,\u2019 according to the title-page, \u2018are to\nbe found in any collection,\u2019 published in Edinburgh in 1764. The\nlikeness which struck Stenhouse must also force upon every reader\nof the piece the same suspicion; and without being dogmatic upon\nthe point, the editor of these sheets sees no reason why the\nversion of _Had awa frae me, Donald_, given in this volume, should\nnot be admitted into the list of works \u2018probably\u2019 written by Graham.\n\nThis includes, so far as can be discovered, the metrical works,\nstill existing, which have been attributed to Graham. There are\nothers, M\u2018Vean mentions, but none of them appear to have been\nseen since his time; and in the hope that they may be ultimately\ndiscovered, their names, or, perhaps it may be more proper to say,\nthe subjects of which they treat, are here given:--Verses on the\nPopular Superstitions of Scotland, Rhythmical Dialogue between the\nPope and the Prince of Darkness, An Epitaph on the Third Command,\nand Verses on the Pride of Women. As for the second of these\npieces, it may be interesting to note that a twelve-page pamphlet\nwas issued in 1792, bearing a similar title--_Dialogue between the\nPope and Devil, on the present political state of Europe_. This,\nhowever, refers to the events immediately preceding the French\nRevolution, and cannot, therefore, be looked upon as the work of\nGraham. A passing reference is made by the Devil to the beginnings\nof the Reform movement in Glasgow, in these words:--\n\n      \u2018In Glasgow freedom sounds in every mouth;\n      And if I could but deign to tell the truth,\n      Not since the day I first saw Paradise,\n      Did earth maintain such a respectful race.\u2019\n\nBut the works upon which the fame of Dougal Graham chiefly rests,\nare his chap-books. On this matter Motherwell said that if Graham\nhad only written the _History of the Rebellion_, \u2018we believe he\nnever would have occupied our thoughts for a moment; but as one\nwho subsequently contributed largely to the amusement of the lower\nclasses of his countrymen, we love to think of the facetious\nbellman.\u2019[18] It has already been stated that the period during\nwhich the most of these chap-books were written and published,\nwas probably between 1752 and 1774, although the first editions\nof several are known to have appeared subsequent to the latter\ndate. On a subject in which he took so much fruitful interest, no\napology is needed for again quoting Motherwell, who says:--\u2018Of some\nof Graham\u2019s penny histories we had a fair assortment at one time,\nprincipally printed by J. & M. Robertson, Saltmarket, Glasgow,\nwhich we believe might well be esteemed first editions, but some\nunprincipled scoundrel has bereaved us of that treasure. There are\na number of infamous creatures, who acquire large libraries of\ncurious things, by borrowing books they never mean to return, and\nsome not unfrequently slide a volume into their pocket, at the very\nmoment you are fool enough to busy yourself in showing them some\nnice typographic gem, or bibliographic rarity. These dishonest and\nheartless villains, ought to be cut above the breath whenever they\ncross the threshold. They deserve no more courtesy than was of old\nvouchsafed to witches, under bond and indenture to the Devil.\u2019[19]\nOut of the \u2018scanty wreck\u2019 left him, Motherwell was able to furnish\nthe list given in a previous page.[20] This was probably the\nnearest that any collector ever attained to having a collection\nof first or very early editions of Graham\u2019s chap-books; but even\nin 1828 it was hardly possible to state when the first editions\nwere issued. It would be worse than useless to endeavour to trace\nthe chronological order of their publication, or to fix definitely\ndates for one or all of them. The fact seems to be that the first\neditions have either all disappeared, or else bear in their\ntitle-page the vague, but not uncommon intimation--\u2018Printed in this\npresent year.\u2019 The danger of attempting such an arrangement may\nbe best shown by a statement made by the late Sheriff Strathern,\na learned local antiquary, in a paper on \u2018Chapman Literature,\u2019\ndelivered before the Glasgow Arch\u00e6ological Society, on the 6th\nApril, 1863. Mr. Strathern, in the course of a somewhat exhaustive\nsketch, says:--\u2018It is difficult to give them in the order of\npublication; but I have, at some little trouble, collected a few of\nthe editions, and, as near as I can reach it, this is the order in\nwhich the works appeared. His earliest was \u201cThe Whole Proceedings\nof Jockey and Maggy,\u201d in five parts. It was published in 1783....\n\u201cThe Comical Sayings of Paddy from Cork\u201d followed, and was printed\nfor George Caldwell, Paisley, in 1784,\u2019 etc. Then follows a long\nlist of chaps by Graham, which, according to Sheriff Strathern,\nwere published subsequent to 1784. The learned Sheriff may possibly\nhave been correct in his surmise that the works he had enumerated\nwere published in the order he had given them, but surely not on\nthe understanding that Graham\u2019s \u2018earliest\u2019 was issued in 1783? It\nis not at all likely that Graham left his works for publication\nafter his death. Indeed, there is positive evidence that they\nwere in the market long before 1783, and any edition of that date\nmust be a reprint. This incident of itself shows the danger of\nattempting to fix dates for Dougal\u2019s \u2018penny histories,\u2019 or even the\norder of their publication, without the absolute evidence of the\nbooks themselves, if they bear any, or the testimony of any one\nwho, like Mr. Caldwell, actively took part in their issue to the\npublic. Even Caldwell offers no information on the matter. The only\nstatement in this direction, upon which any reliance can be placed,\nis one by Motherwell, when he states that the _editio princeps_\nof the second part of _Leper the Taylor_ was published in 1779.\nSheriff Strathern may have fallen into error by trusting the date,\n1787, at which Motherwell fixed Graham\u2019s death. That date, however,\nwas only a surmise; and the true date was supplied by Strang.\n\nIt is a matter of some interest to notice that while many of\nGraham\u2019s most popular chap-books have been issued to the public\nsubsequent to the period to which literature of this class is\nassumed to belong, these modern editions, if they may be so\ncalled, have for the most part been greatly mutilated. Nearly all\nof them have been cut down, not apparently because of a desire to\nkeep out the indelicate allusions which most of them contain--for\ncomparatively few of these have been taken out--but on account of\nthe exigencies of printing. In some cases a chap-book, originally\nof twenty-four or thirty-six closely printed pages, has been\ncompressed into twenty-five, sixteen, or even eight pages of much\nlarger print. The consequence is, that most of the modern editions\nare utterly useless for all practical purposes, and, like most\nother abridgments, the souls of their originals have been driven\nfrom them. The truth of this remark will be indicated in the\nfollowing pages; but it will be borne out to its fullest extent by\na comparison between the early editions the editor has been able to\nreprint in these volumes, and those now in circulation.\n\n_The Whole Proceedings of Jockey and Maggy_, admitted by all\nauthorities to have been written by Graham, may be noticed first,\nas being one of his ablest and most characteristic works. It\nis written with great dramatic power, and affords many curious\ninsights into manners and customs about the middle of last century.\nIn respect of language, also, it possesses considerable value.\nProfessor Fraser suggests that the first edition was in all\nlikelihood published as early as 1755, but, as has already been\nseen, it would be inadvisable to fix any date, in the absence of\neither evidence or reasonable suspicion. In the work itself there\nis nothing but what might have been written at any time during\nthe whole period of Dougal\u2019s life. The edition, reprinted in this\ncollection, bears the imprint:--\u2018Glasgow: Printed and Sold by\nJ. & J. Robertson. MDCCLXXIX\u2019--and is the earliest of which any\nmention has yet been made. It was thus published in the year of\nGraham\u2019s death, and as the title-page states that it was \u2018Carefully\nCorrected and Revised by the Author,\u2019 it was probably one of the\nlatest works upon which he was engaged. While most certainly not a\nfirst edition, it has the advantage of being, to a certain extent,\nfresh from the author, and on that account possesses a special\nvalue and interest. Motherwell\u2019s copy was dated 1783, and also\nbore to have undergone the author\u2019s revision. These editions both\noccupy thirty-six pages, and are in five parts; but in 1793 an\nedition, consisting only of three parts, was published. Since then,\nthe three-part edition has been the one most commonly issued to\nthe public, and it may still be found for sale. In 1823, however,\nthe complete edition was reprinted, and a few copies of it may be\nseen occasionally. The abridgment, it must be noted, has seriously\nmarred Graham\u2019s production. In it the first two parts are so far\nalmost literal transcripts of the earlier editions, but parts\nthree, four, and five, are omitted, a short and very imperfect\nsummary of part five being inserted for part three. In addition, an\nepitaph and elegy on Jockey\u2019s mother, whose death and burial are\ngraphically described in the last part, are consistently left out.\n\nOf a somewhat similar character to the chap-book just noticed is\n_The Coalman\u2019s Courtship of the Creelwife\u2019s Daughter_, though\nit is by no means so valuable as an exhibition of manners and\nsuperstitions. It contains, nevertheless, many interesting\nreferences, and it gives a vigorous description of real life among\nthe lower classes in and around Edinburgh. Motherwell, it has been\nseen, only hesitatingly ascribed this work to Graham; but M\u2018Vean\ninserts it in his bibliography without any reservation, though it\nis curious that both these writers should make a mistake in naming\nit _The Creelman\u2019s Courtship_. There is no good reason to doubt\nthat Graham was the author of it, for the broad treatment of the\nsubject, the animated dialogue, and the graphic descriptions, are\nall in Dougal\u2019s best style. The edition reproduced in these volumes\nis the earliest to which any reference has yet been made, having\nbeen issued by Messrs. J. & J. Robertson, from their Saltmarket\npress, in 1782, though it bears on the title-page to be the tenth\nedition of the work. M\u2018Vean stated that the chap contained only two\nparts, but he had fallen into a mistake, for it really consists\nof three parts. The modern editions, with the exception of a few\ntypographical alterations, are exact reprints of the one of 1782.\nAmong those we have seen are two undated editions, bearing the\nfollowing imprints--\u2018Glasgow: Printed for M\u2018Kenzie & Hutchison,\nBooksellers, 16, Saltmarket\u2019; \u2018Edinburgh: Printed by J. Morren,\nCowgate.\u2019\n\nVery different in its design from the two works already mentioned\nis _Lothian Tom_, a narrative of the \u2018comical transactions\u2019 of a\nroguish fellow while sowing his wild oats. Many of the stories\ntold of the hero of the work are far from being new, but they\nhave been given a local colouring which imparts an appearance of\nconsistency to the book; and, incidentally, little circumstances\nof life and character are brought in, giving additional value to\nit as illustrating the home life of the Scottish peasantry of last\ncentury. In the chap-literature of England and Scotland, there\nare many other productions of a similar kind, in which the heroes\nrejoice in the name of Tom; a circumstance that has given point\nto a suggestion that the word \u2018tomfoolery\u2019 may owe its origin to\nthe mad pranks of the Toms of popular story. South of the Tweed\nthe great favourites were--_Wanton Tom, or the Merry History\nof Tom Stitch the Taylor_; _The Merry Conceits of Long Tom the\nCarrier_; _The Mad Pranks of Tom Tram_; and another one with the\neuphonious title of _Swalpo_. All these, like _Lothian Tom_, are\nbut collections of jokes of which their respective Toms are made\nthe central figures. There is no reason to believe that any of\nthem were in the slightest degree really biographical. The modern\nreprints of _Lothian Tom_ consist only of five parts, and in this\nand several minor details they differ from the earlier editions,\nin which there are six parts. Messrs. J. & M. Robertson, of the\nSaltmarket, Glasgow, in 1793 and 1807, published editions of the\nwork; and in 1816 another was issued in Edinburgh, while there are\nseveral editions still to be found without any date. A six-part\nedition, without the song to be referred to further on, was issued\nby C. Randall, Stirling, in 1801. The edition which has been used\nby the editor of these volumes, was published in Edinburgh, in\nthree numbers--including all the six parts--the title-page of each\nbeing embellished with a rough woodcut of a chapman full stride on\nthe road-way. The first number bears the imprint--\u2018Printed and Sold\nin Niddery\u2019s Wynd, 1775\u2019; the second is dated 1777; while the third\nhas no date, though it appears to be quite as old as the others.\nThis, the earliest edition of which mention has yet been made, is\na most unique copy. Each number occupies eight pages. No attention\nis paid to the breaking off in the middle of a part, or even of\na sentence, and the folios run right through. A large portion of\nthe third number is taken up by \u2018Pady\u2019s New Catechism,\u2019 properly\nbelonging to another of Graham\u2019s chap-books, entitled, _Pady from\nCork_, and on that account it has been left out here.\n\nAt the close of the third number of this edition of _Lothian Tom_,\nand reproduced in the second volume, is \u2018The Plowman\u2019s Glory; or,\nTom\u2019s Song,\u2019 a doggrel description of the pleasures of country\nlife; but it is a piece which requires more than passing reference.\nThe first eight lines are as follow:--\n\n      \u2018As I was a walking one morning in the spring,\n      I heard a young plowman so sweetly to sing,\n      And as he was singing, these words he did say,\n      No life is like the plowman\u2019s in the month of May.\n      The lark in the morning rises from her nest,\n      And mounts in the air with the dew on her breast,\n      And with the jolly plowman she\u2019ll whistle and she\u2019ll sing,\n      And at night she\u2019ll return to her nest back again.\u2019\n\nIt is interesting to notice that Cromek has attributed lines almost\nidentical with these to Robert Burns,[21] and the most eminent\neditors of the works of the Ayrshire Bard have followed him. The\nlines as given by Cromek read thus:--\n\n      \u2018As I was a wand\u2019ring ae morning in spring,\n      I heard a young ploughman sae sweetly to sing,\n      And as he was singin\u2019 thir words he did say,\n      There\u2019s nae life like the Ploughman in the month o\u2019 sweet May--\n      The lav\u2019rock in the morning she\u2019ll rise frae her nest,\n      And mount to the air wi\u2019 the dew on her breast,\n      And wi\u2019 the merry Ploughman she\u2019ll whistle and sing,\n      And at night she\u2019ll return to her nest back again.\u2019\n\nIn a foot-note Cromek remarks--\u2018It is pleasing to mark those\ntouches of sympathy which shew the sons of genius to be of one\nkindred.--In the following passage from the poem of his countryman,\nthe same figure is illustrated with characteristic simplicity;\nand never were the tender and the sublime in poetry more happily\nunited, nor a more affectionate tribute paid to the memory of Burns.\n\n          ---- \u201cThou simple bird,\n      Of all the vocal quire, dwell\u2019st in a home\n      The humblest; yet thy morning song ascends\n      Nearest to Heaven;--sweet emblem of his[22] song,\n      Who sung thee wakening by the daisy\u2019s side!\u201d\u2019\n\nIt can only be inferred from the nature of this foot-note that\nCromek believed the verses to have been written by Burns,\nnotwithstanding the fact that he had Gilbert Burns\u2019s statement that\nhis brother was not their author. The subsequent editorial history\nof the lines is still more interesting. In the Kilmarnock edition\nof the poet\u2019s works, they are given with this note:--\u2018Although\nthis double stanza exists in Burns\u2019s own writing, his brother,\nGilbert, assured Cromek that the little song was sung by every\nploughman and ploughman\u2019s mistress in Ayrshire, before the poet\nwas born.\u2019[23] The Rev. Dr. P. Hately Waddel, and the Rev. George\nGilfillan, in their editions of the works of Burns, both insert\nthe verses without any comment. Mr. William Scott Douglas, one\nof the latest and most competent editors of Burns, has this note\nupon the \u2018Ploughman\u2019s Song\u2019:--\u2018Gilbert Burns expressed to Cromek a\nstrong doubt regarding his brother\u2019s authorship of these lines, as\nalso of some other pieces found in his handwriting, and included\nin the _Reliques_ of the poet; but as the authorship of the \u201cBonie\nMuirhen\u201d--one of the pieces referred to--has been clearly traced\nto Burns, we do not feel at liberty to reject the lines in the\ntext.\u2019[24] Mr. Douglas inserts the verses under the date 1780,\nwhen Burns was twenty-two years of age; and in this connection it\nis worthy of notice that another editor has put it under the year\n1794, when the poet was thirty-six years of age.\n\nThe obvious suggestion from what has been said is, that Burns was\nnot the author of the \u2018Lines on a Merry Ploughman,\u2019 which his\neditors, after the dogmatic statement of Gilbert Burns, have more\nor less insisted upon attributing to him; and, as a corollary, that\nthe verses having been found among others at the end of one of\nDougal Graham\u2019s chap-books, as a consistent finish to the exploits\nof his hero, Lothian Tom, in an edition published when Burns was a\nyouth, their authorship may be more clearly traced to Graham. With\na due admiration for the talents of Graham, we must submit that\nthe character of the verse, even as given in a slightly polished\nstate by Cromek, was not worthy of Burns, who said himself that\nhis work was all the result of careful revisal. Graham\u2019s verses\noften display false quantity; his rhyme is often far from true;\nand his grammar is frequently lame: but these are faults which the\ngreatest detractor of the genius of Robert Burns would find it\ndifficult to lay to his charge. It might be urged, of course, that\nthis may have been a youthful production of Burns\u2019s pen; but it is\nmore probable, from his known habit of noting down any remnant of\nsong he found among the people, that he wrote out what he had heard\nsung from his infancy. In support of this idea, there is Gilbert\nBurns\u2019s assurance \u2018that the little song was sung by every ploughman\nand ploughman\u2019s mistress in Ayrshire before the poet was born.\u2019 To\nus it seems conclusive that Burns was not its author, and that,\nfrom its position in an early--not by any means the first--edition\nof one of Graham\u2019s most popular chap-books, to Graham must be\nattributed its composition, with all the praise or blame that may\nattach to it.\n\n_The History of John Cheap the Chapman_ belongs to the same\nclass of chap-books as _Lothian Tom_, though it has been usual\nto believe that, unlike the latter, it was to a certain extent\nautobiographical, and that in it Graham related some of his own\nexperiences. It has been already seen that its value in this\nrespect, if it has any, cannot be estimated on account of the\ndoubt as to whether it is autobiography or fiction. There can be\nno question, however, that it contains a most valuable account of\nthe real life of the Scottish Chapman, with many vivid glimpses\nof home life in Scotland in the middle of last century. Like all\nthe others, its indelicacy is sometimes notorious, but like them\nits truthfulness must be its apology. The earliest dated edition\nwe have seen is one published in 1798 by Johnston of Falkirk; but\nanother, in some slight details more complete, was issued by J.\nMorren, of the Cowgate, Edinburgh, about the beginning of this, or\nthe closing year of the eighteenth, century. The modern editions\nare almost identical with the ones mentioned.\n\nThe plan of another of Graham\u2019s chap-books, _Fun upon Fun, or\nthe Comical Tricks of Leper the Taylor_, is very similar to that\nwhich has been pointed out as characteristic of _Lothian Tom_\nand _John Cheap_. Leper is a madcap whose impudent doings bear a\nstrong resemblance to stories told of similar beings in this and\nother countries; and the design of the author seems to have been\nto lay before his readers a collection of tales grouped round one\ncentral figure, rather than to give a record of the life of any\nreal person. This, however, has been done so skilfully--by local\ncolouring, and the introduction of little incidents which must have\nhad their counterparts in the every-day life of the people--that\nthe work has always been most deservedly popular. In point of time,\nthis seems to have been one of the latest, if not the latest, of\nGraham\u2019s publications, for Motherwell was able to give the title\nand date of what he believed to be the first edition of the second\npart as follows:--\u2018Fun upon Fun; or the Comical Tricks of Leper\nthe Taylor. Part II. Glasgow: Printed for the Company of Flying\nStationers in Town and Country. 1779.\u2019 As the work is in two parts,\nit is probable that the first would be published a short time\nbefore the date mentioned. Motherwell also records that there was\nthis _nota bene_ to the second part--\u2018The Third Part will contain\na variety of his Witty Tricks in the different periods of his\nLife.\u2019 It is a question whether Graham was ever able to fulfil his\npromise; for his death occurred, as has been seen, in the July of\nthe year in which the second part was issued. The fact that, in\nlater editions of _Leper the Taylor_, there is added to the two\noriginal parts one giving an account of _The Grand Solemnity of\nthe Taylor\u2019s Funeral_, quite in the same style, and a consistent\nconclusion to the life of the Sartorian worthy, affords reasonable\npresumption that he did so, and without any hesitation the third\npart has, like the others, been accepted as the work of Graham.\nThis chap-book is in many respects akin to several booklets which\nfound a place in the popular literature of England; but possibly\nits counterpart may be found in _Joaks upon Joaks, or No Joak like\na True Joak, being the Diverting Humours of Mr. John Ogle, a\nLife Guard Man_. As for the modern editions, they differ in many\nrespects from the early ones, though not materially, except that\nthey leave out the third part. The earliest dated edition that\nwe have seen was printed by C. Randall, Stirling, in 1799. It is\nwithout the third part, and is of sixteen pages. The next was\n\u2018Printed in the year 1816\u2019; but the title-page does not state the\ntown of publication. It contains all the three parts, and occupies\ntwenty-four pages duodecimo. Another edition, almost identical\nwith the one mentioned, was \u2018Printed in the year 1820,\u2019 and in\nthis case also the town of issue is not stated. In what appears to\nbe a chap-book of English manufacture, without date or place of\npublication, there is appended the _Grand Solemnity of the Taylor\u2019s\nFuneral_, on which some slight alterations have been made, notably\nin the way of Anglicising the names of the characters. On the\ntitle-page of the work mentioned is a rough woodcut, representing\nthe lowering of a body into the grave, while in the back-ground\nstands a primitive-looking hearse, drawn by two horses.\n\nThe two chap-books that now fall to be spoken of are very different\nin their nature from any to which reference has yet been made,\nand, indeed, they may be said to form a class by themselves, for\nthey are unique in the popular literature of either Scotland\nor England. _The History of Haverel Wives_, \u2018written,\u2019 as the\ntitle-page states, \u2018by Humphrey Clinker, the Clashing Wives\u2019\nClerk,\u2019 one of the many cognomens adopted by Graham, is a \u2018comical\u2019\nand exceedingly interesting conference between two old women, on\ntheir experiences of the past. The object of the author seems to\nhave been to bring together in small compass as much folk-lore\nas possible, and this he prefaces by the remark, that he had\n\u2018furnished the public with a small collection of old wives\u2019 noted\nsayings and wonders, which, they relate, happened in their own\ntime; also, what has been told them by their forefathers.\u2019 The\nintention is thus shown to have been to hold the old wives up to\na little gentle satire, though this generation must regard the\nresult as being a most valuable contribution to the antiquities of\nScotland. The language used is frequently very old, and ancient\nsuperstitions and beliefs are given expression to in the words of\nthose who more or less put faith in them. This chap-book, also,\nmust be esteemed because of the descriptions given in it of the\ndoings of an age long before the period usually dealt with by works\nof a similar nature--an age, the great events of which have been\nduly recorded by historians who have paid but little attention to\nthe lives of the peasantry, or to the motives of their actions. It\nwould not be too much to say that not within the whole range of\nScottish literature could a more graphic account be obtained of\nthe manner of observing the first day of the week in Scotland in\npre-reformation and prelatic times, than is to be found in this\nunconsidered booklet The second chap-book of this class is _Janet\nClinker\u2019s Oration on the Virtues of the Old Women, and the Pride\nof the Young_. It is put forward as having been dictated by Janet\nClinker, one of the _Haverel Wives_, to \u2018Humphrey Clinker,\u2019 and it\nconsists of a comparison between the women of her young days and\nthose of the days in which she then lived. The whole tone of the\nwork is satirical, and the young women are made to undergo a severe\nreprimand for their proud and upsetting behaviour. These chap-books\nwere frequently printed together, though a 1781 edition of the\n_Haverel Wives_ concludes with the simple intimation--\u2018Humphrey\u2019s\nAunt Janet is yet alive, and has made an oration in praise of\nthe old women, and on the pride of the young.\u2019 Another edition,\nundated, published by Morren of Edinburgh, is also without Janet\u2019s\n_Oration_, but it concludes by stating that the two old women went\nand \u2018birl\u2019d their bawbees,\u2019 and made an agreement\n\n      \u2018Never to drink ae drop of tea,\n      But stout brown ale and whisky bare\u2019--\n\na conclusion quite different from what is given in the edition of\n1781, for in it Maggy, Janet\u2019s gossip, dies \u2018keeping her purse in\nher hand.\u2019 An edition was published in Glasgow, in 1807, by J.\n& J. Robertson. This is the first in which we have seen the two\nchap-books printed together, and it is also the earliest copy of\n_Janet Clinker\u2019s Oration_ that has come under our notice. The\n_Haverel Wives_, in this case, is reprinted from the 1781 edition,\nand only in one or two slight matters, apparently typographical,\ndiffers from it. The _Oration_ was printed alone in 1824, with the\ntitle--\u2018Grannie M\u2018Nab\u2019s Lecture in the Society of Clashing Wives,\nGlasgow, on Witless Mothers and their Dandy Daughters, who bring\nthem up to hood-wink the men, and deceive them with their braw\ndresses, when they can neither wash a sark, mak\u2019 parritch, or gang\nto the well. Printed for the Booksellers.\u2019 A chap-book bearing the\ntitle of _The Art of Courtship_,[25] an Undated edition of which\nwas published by M. Randall, of Stirling, contains matter somewhat\nsimilar to much that is contained in _Janet Clinker\u2019s Oration_, and\nthe part that relates to the choosing of a wife is quoted almost\n_verbatim et literatim_. It is somewhat remarkable that no editions\nof these works were, so far as we have been able to discover,\nissued subsequent to 1824.\n\n_The Comical and Witty Jokes of John Falkirk, the Merry Piper_,\none of the least known of Graham\u2019s chap-books, is, as its name\nindicates, merely a collection of _faceti\u00e6_. Many of the tales\nin it are cleverly told, while a few have nothing to recommend\nthem to the reader. Motherwell, on the authority of Caldwell,\nattributes the work to Graham, and all other writers on the subject\nhave concurred with him. We have only seen one edition of _John\nFalkirk_, and it was published in Edinburgh in 1777; but Motherwell\nnotes one issued in Glasgow two years later. No modern edition\nof it has been published. The _Scots Piper\u2019s Queries, or John\nFalkirk\u2019s Cariches_, is regarded as a sequel to the _Jokes_ of the\nsame worthy. The _Cariches_ are well known, and have long been\npopular, though it cannot be said there is anything particularly\noriginal about them. Many of the jokes in them were venerable in\nGraham\u2019s time, but he has touched them up to suit the tastes of\nthe age in which he wrote. Not a few of the questions and answers\nhave a distinct flavour of the proverbs of Solomon; and while the\nexpressions used are sometimes far from delicate, a good deal of\nworldly wisdom is to be found in them. The intention of the author,\nhowever, seems to have been amusement purely and simply, for in\nthe title-page of an undated edition, published by C. Randall, of\nStirling, there are these lines, which, it may be assumed belong to\nthe original work:--\n\n      \u2018\u2019Twill please the bairns and keep them laughing,\n      And mind the goodwife o\u2019 her daffing.\u2019\n\n\u2018John Falkirk,\u2019 it has already been mentioned, was a cognomen\nused by Graham; and Motherwell has noted that, in an edition of\nthe _Cariches_ published after Graham\u2019s death, there was prefixed\nan \u2018Account of John Falkirk, the Scots Piper.\u2019 The only early\nedition we have seen is one printed by C. Randall, Stirling. It\nis undated, but was probably printed about 1807, and consists of\neight pages. So far as it goes it does not materially differ from\nthe modern editions, but it is without forty questions and answers\nwhich appear in them. It is probable that, out of the general rule,\nthe modern editions are more complete than the one published by\nRandall. On the title-page of the Stirling chap-book is a rough\nwood-cut of a blind beggar led by a dog, presumably designed as a\nfrontispiece for an English chap, entitled, \u2018The Blind Beggar of\nBethnal Green,\u2019 very popular south of the Tweed, and occasionally\nprinted in Scotland. Motherwell\u2019s edition of _John Falkirk_ was\npublished in Glasgow in 1779, but his copy of the _Cariches_ was\nundated.\n\nThe _Comical Sayings of Pady from Cork_ is the title of a chap-book\nattributed to Graham by Motherwell and all his successors. Unlike\nthe bellman\u2019s other works it does not deal with any phase of\nScottish life, but rather with the vagaries popularly believed for\nmany generations to be characteristic of the Irish mind. It is, in\nfact, a collection of the proverbial Irish \u2018bulls,\u2019 some of them\n\u2018comical\u2019 and spontaneous, but others studied and consequently\nstupid. In many respects the dialogue between Pady and his English\ninterlocutor, Tom, is clever, but frequently it is evident that the\nauthor was out of his element. It must be confessed that there is a\ngood deal of force in Professor Fraser\u2019s argument, so far as _Pady\nfrom Cork_ is concerned, that there was not a single sentence in\nit which might not have been written by any one other than Graham,\nand that most of the incidents narrated in it were to be found in\nthe _faceti\u00e6_ of almost every country in Europe long before Graham\ncarried a pack or rang the skellat bell of Glasgow.[26] Mr. Fraser\nrefers in these remarks in the first instance to _George Buchanan_\nand _The History of Buckhaven_, but he applies them to _Pady from\nCork_, with the modification that it was less of a compilation\nand had more local colouring than the chap-books he had been\ndiscussing. But while all that may be true enough, Motherwell\u2019s\nauthority in attributing the authorship of _Pady from Cork_ to\nDougal Graham cannot well be impugned, for on this point he\napparently writes under the inspiration of his friend Mr. Caldwell;\nand it is notable that the copy in the possession of Motherwell\nwas published by Caldwell in 1784. The edition reprinted from in\nthis collection was published in Glasgow by J. & M. Robertson in\n1807, and on the title-page there is a wood-cut showing a military\nlooking gentleman standing beside a small cannon. The modern\neditions are considerably mutilated, and, among other things, want\nthe \u2018Creed for Romish Believers,\u2019 to be found in earlier copies.\n\u2018Pady\u2019s New Catechism\u2019 and his \u2018Creed\u2019 have been mentioned in a\npreceding page as being in the third number of a very rare edition\nof _Lothian Tom_, to all appearance only as padding.\n\nMotherwell and M\u2018Vean both attributed the authorship of _Simple\nJohn and his Twelve Misfortunes_ to Dougal Graham; but Professor\nFraser, on the other hand, has brought a distinct charge of\nplagiarism against the poetical bellman. \u2018The original hero of the\n\u201cMisfortunes,\u201d\u2019 he says, \u2018is _Simple Simon_; a history of whose\nlife and misadventures was common in England in the seventeenth\ncentury. This, or a similar version--most likely one of the many\neditions issued from Newcastle--Graham most certainly stole, and,\nhaving changed the hero\u2019s name to _John_, and written a racy\nintroduction to the work in broad Scotch, gave it to the world as\nan original production. The prefatory matter is quite in Graham\u2019s\nstyle, and could not have been written by an Englishman. It is\nfrequently to be found published separately under the title of\n_Silly Tam_.\u2019[27] But before going into the question here raised,\nit may be as well to state that the edition from which _Simple\nJohn_ has been reprinted in this collection, is one published in\nGlasgow in 1780, and \u2018Printed for the Company of Flying Stationers\nin Town and Country.\u2019 The original is a duodecimo, and consists of\neight closely printed pages, with a wood-cut on the title-page,\nrepresenting the unfortunate husband running from his wife, who\npursues him with outstretched arms, while his haste is emphasised\nby his hat and wig being shown as falling from his head to the\nground. The other editions now lying before the editor are--1st,\none printed in Edinburgh, in 1821, \u2018for the booksellers,\u2019 of\ntwenty-four pages duodecimo; and another almost identical in every\nway, the print being nearly line for line the same, bearing the\nimprint--\u2018Edinburgh: Printed for the Booksellers, 1823.\u2019 Both these\neditions have, as a frontispiece, the picture of a hook-nosed\ntermagant, giving a simple looking fellow, with a beer-mug in his\nhand, a severe shaking. The matter in the modern undated edition,\n\u2018printed for the booksellers\u2019 in Glasgow, is the same, with one or\ntwo slight differences, as what is to be found in the older ones\nalready enumerated. But, in addition to these, there also lies\nbefore us a copy of _The Miseries of Poor Simple Innocent Tam_,\nwhich, like one mentioned by Professor Fraser, is of eight pages\nduodecimo, without covers, and gives no indication of date or\nplace of issue. With the exception of the alteration of the name\nof the hero from \u2018John\u2019 to \u2018Tam,\u2019 the text is exactly the same as\nthat contained in the introduction to _Simple John_. An undated\nedition, of eight pages, of _Simple John_ was printed by William\nCameron, in Edinburgh. It only contains the introductory matter,\nand concludes with the addition of John\u2019s lament on the death of\nhis mother, without making further reference to his misfortunes.\nHaving thus detailed the several editions of what has generally\nbeen regarded as Graham\u2019s chap-book, in its two-fold form of\n_Simple John_ and _Simple Tam_, some attention may now be paid\nto Professor Fraser\u2019s allegations against the literary morality\nof the reputed author. After a careful comparison of the English\nchap-book, _Simple Simon_, with _Simple John_, we cannot but admit\nthe statement that \u2018the prefatory matter is quite in Graham\u2019s\nstyle, and could not have been written by an Englishman;\u2019 but we\nare not prepared to admit that Graham \u2018most certainly stole\u2019 the\nmain body of the work. What Professor Fraser assumes to have been\nstolen must have been, though he does not explicitly say so, the\n\u2018Twelve Misfortunes,\u2019 for he admits that the preface is original\nand Scotch. This conclusion seems to have been come to without\ncareful collation. Any one who has the opportunity, and will\ntake the trouble to collate the two works, will find that only\nin two instances do the misfortunes in the Scotch chap-book bear\nany resemblance to those described in its English counterpart.\nThese two instances are the fourth and seventh misfortunes in\n_Simple John_; but though the general features are the same,\nthere is a great difference in the mode of treatment. As for the\nother misfortunes that befell _Simple John_, they have not even\ncounterparts in _Simple Simon_, and, indeed, they could not well\nhave, for they are almost entirely Scotch in their nature. Again,\nthe conclusions arrived at in the two books are different. _Simple\nSimon_ endeavours to poison himself, but by mistake he takes a\ndraught from his wife\u2019s bottle of sack, becomes drunk, and is\ncudgelled in consequence, but he and his wife afterwards lead a\nhappy life. No such good fortune attends _Simple John_, for he\nlaments his unhappy fate, and \u2018appeals to a Jedburgh jury, if it\nbe not easier to deal wi\u2019 fools than headstrong, fashious fouks;\nowns he has but an empty scull, but his wicked wife wants wit to\npour judgment into it, never tells him o\u2019 danger till it comes\nupon him, for his mither said he was a bidable bairn, if onybody\nhad been to learn him wit.\u2019 We cannot, therefore, concur in Mr.\nFraser\u2019s statement that Graham \u2018stole\u2019 this chap-book, \u2018and gave it\nto the world as an original production.\u2019 For the reasons shown, we\nbelieve Graham only took the idea--and it may be gravely questioned\nif he did so much, for it has yet to be proved that _Simple Simon_\nwas \u2018common in England in the seventeenth century,\u2019[28]--from the\nEnglish chap-book, and worked it out in a manner peculiarly his\nown, and, it must also be added, distinctively Scotch.\n\nIn the case of another chap-book usually believed to owe its\nexistence to Dougal Graham, Professor Fraser has seen fit to go\nagainst the general verdict, without, as it seems to us, giving a\nsufficient reason for the position he has taken up. He considers\nit extremely improbable, judging from internal evidence, that\nGraham ever composed the _History of Buckhaven_; and, further\non, referring to it and _The Witty Exploits of George Buchanan_,\nhe says, \u2018There is not a single sentence in either of them that\nmight not have been written by any one else.\u2019 The latter remark\nmay be all very true, but the former one must involve a serious\ndifference of opinion. It would indeed be difficult to say what\ninternal evidence is to be found in the _History of Buckhaven_\nthat gave good reason for the assumption that Graham was not its\nauthor. Motherwell, judging apparently on this \u2018internal evidence,\u2019\nsays that, although he had not authority for ascribing any popular\nchap-books to Graham other than those he had mentioned, he would\nnot be surprised to find that Graham was also the author of this\nhistory. M\u2018Vean, without comment, gives the work a place in his\nbibliography of Graham\u2019s works, and it is to be presumed that a\nman of his undoubted attainments as a literary antiquary would\nnot have done so without some reason satisfactory at least to\nhimself. For our own part, we see nothing in the work itself at\nall inconsistent with the idea that Graham may have been the\nauthor of it. On the contrary, there seem to be some points in\nthe course of the narrative which strongly support the commonly\naccepted tradition. That Graham possessed an undoubted acquaintance\nwith the western district of Fifeshire, in which the respectable\ntown of Buckhaven is situated, is evident from _Jockey and\nMaggy\u2019s Courtship_, the scene of which is laid in the vicinity\nof Torryburn; and his intimate knowledge of Fifeshire modes of\nspeech is further shown by an amusing character he introduced into\n_The Coalman\u2019s Courtship_--\u2018auld Mattie, the Fife wife ... the\nwife it says, _Be-go laddie_.\u2019 The language used in the _History\nof Buckhaven_, the style of treatment, and the burlesque humour,\nall bespeak Dougal as its author, for they are similar in all\nimportant points to what are to be found in works which even Mr.\nFraser has without hesitation assented to being ascribed to Graham.\nThe history, of course, is a burlesque, after the style of a\nwell-known English chap-book, _The Wise Men of Gotham_, which it\nfar outstrips for cleverness and racy humour. It has, however, the\ntaint common to so many of Dougal\u2019s works. The whole motive may be\nsummed up in a short quotation from one of the many defunct Glasgow\nmagazines:--\u2018The Buckhaven people, originally foreign colonists,\nwere a people on the Fife side of the Forth, who lived much by\nthemselves, had singular manners, and were of uncouth speech. All\nkinds of absurdities could thus be safely palmed upon them.\u2019[29]\nMessrs. J. & M. Robertson, Saltmarket, issued a 24 pp. edition of\nthe _History of Buckhaven_ in 1806, illustrated by some very rude\nwoodcuts, most of them having done duty in other chap-books. This\nedition is in three parts; and the title-page bears that the work\nwas written by \u2018Merry Andrew at Tamtallon.\u2019 The more modern issues\nonly contain the first two parts, and even these are considerably\nabridged.\n\nThe last work attributed to Dougal Graham, and calling for any\ndetailed notice in this place, is the one entitled _The History and\nEntertaining Exploits of George Buchanan, who was commonly called\nthe King\u2019s Fool_. It is a chap-book which has been long popular,\nand one which has given rise to a variety of speculations, not\nonly as to its authorship but also as to who was really the person\nwhose \u2018exploits\u2019 are professedly recorded in its pages. As to the\nfirst of these points, Motherwell said he would not be surprised\nif Graham were its author; and M\u2018Vean heads his list of Dougal\u2019s\nworks with it. Fraser, on the other hand, argues against it being\nthe composition of Graham, the ground he takes up being the same\nas that already quoted in relation to _The History of Buckhaven_\nand _Simple John_. In this instance, however, we think he has a\nstronger case than he had against Graham\u2019s authorship of the two\nother publications. The internal evidence of the work itself--the\ntime at which George Buchanan is shown to have lived--is sufficient\nproof that in it Graham could not in any sense lay claim to\noriginality. But at the same time it is more than probable that\nhe brought together the stories told about the country regarding\nhis hero, and for the first time gave them forth to the world in\na collected form. Until some additional light can be shed upon\nthis matter, dogmatism either on the one side or the other would\nbe imprudent; but, while sympathising to some extent with the\nposition taken up by Professor Fraser, we do not see our way clear\nto dissent from the tradition of Graham\u2019s connection with the\nchap-book. The idea that he may have been its editor, or compiler,\nappears to be quite reasonable.\n\nThe next question, as to the identity of the hero of _The Merry\nExploits of George Buchanan_, is one upon which a more definite\nopinion can be expressed, though it has given rise to several\ncurious notions. The idea most common at the present day among\nthe mass of the Scottish people is that there were two Scotsmen\nwho bore the name of George Buchanan, one of them being the King\u2019s\nfool, and the other the eminent Latinist, historian, and poet.\nThis theory, it must be confessed, is the one which does the most\ncredit to the scholar, but we are afraid it does not do justice to\nthe fact. There can be no doubt, from many of the stories given in\nthe chap-book, that George Buchanan, the scholar, is the person\npointed at; and a careful consideration of his life and opinions,\nviewed in the light in which these were regarded by many of his\ncontemporaries and immediate successors, will readily furnish the\norigin of the extraordinary actions attributed to him. We must not,\nhowever, be understood to give countenance to another impression,\nby no means uncommon among a certain class, that George Buchanan\nacted as the King\u2019s buffoon or fool. The life of the historian of\nScotland was cast in a troublous age. Born in the year 1506, he was\nan active participant in the turmoil of the Reformation period,\nand had a large share in the proceedings against the unfortunate\nQueen Mary. Like most of the reformers his nature was stiff and\nunbending, but he possessed a dry and caustic wit which made him\nvaluable to his friends and more and more hated by his enemies.\nHis opponents took every opportunity to vilify his character,\nand spread abroad by means of books and conversations, after his\ndeath, even by Acts of the Scottish Estates, aspersions on his\nlife and opinions. To show how this was done, one or two instances\nmay be given. A French priest named Garasse, in a work entitled\n_Doctrine Curieuse_,--an edition of which was published in 1590,\na few years after Buchanan\u2019s death--speaks of that illustrious\nman as a \u2018hard drinker.\u2019 After endeavouring to show how his whole\nlife had been one of continual debauchery, Garasse proceeds with\nhis shameless libel, and makes Buchanan say on his death-bed, in\nanswer to the remonstrances of his doctors:--\u2018\u201cGo along with you,\nyou and your prescriptions and dietaries! I would far rather live\nonly three jolly weeks, getting comfortably drunk every day, than\nlive six dreary _wineless_ years.\u201d ... He died in brief space,\nhowever; his chamber being then rarely littered with glasses and\nwine-measures.\u2019 In his native country, also, his memory was abused.\nHis death in 1582 was little noticed, but it was soon followed by\nan outburst against his writings. His works have long been regarded\nas valuable in spite of the many defects they admittedly have; but\nthe Scottish Estates, in 1584, issued an order for their purgation\nbecause they contained \u2018sundrie offensive matters, worthie to\nbe detecte,\u2019 because of their \u2018steiring up his hienes subjectes\ntheirby to misliking sedition unquietness, and to cast off their\ndue obedience to his Majestie.\u2019 Heylin, in his _Cosmographie_, said\nBuchanan\u2019s _History of Scotland_ and _De Jure Regni_ had \u2018wrought\nmore mischief in the world than all Machiavel\u2019s works\u2019; and the\nauthorities of the University of Oxford, in 1683, publicly burned\nthe political works of George Buchanan, along with others equally\nobnoxious to them. These few incidents, among many, are sufficient\nto indicate how the extraordinary stories told in the chap-book\ncame to be attached to George Buchanan, one of the most learned\nand cultured men of his time. There is good ground for the remark\nthat the _Merry Exploits of George Buchanan_ \u2018is a terrible libel\non an eminent man; never was mental greatness so \u201clet down\u201d in the\npopular estimation as by this vulgar performance; by and through\nwhich Buchanan\u2019s humble countrymen were taught, not to look up\nto him, but down upon him as a coarse buffoon.\u2019[30] It must be\nadmitted, however, that there is strong reason to suspect that many\nof the stories were current before the issue of the chap-book, but\nit, of course, would help to perpetuate the libels. The conclusion\nfrom what has been said may be thus briefly summarised. Dougal\nGraham seems to have been the collector of ridiculous stories about\nGeorge Buchanan, the scholar and historian, these stories being,\nfor the most part, manifestly untrue, but the natural offspring\nof the more elaborate libels written and spoken against him\nimmediately after his death.\n\nMany editions of this chap-book have been published, and it\npromises to have the longest life of any of its race, for it is\nstill being issued. The copy reprinted in this work was published\nin Falkirk in 1799. Among the other editions we have seen are the\nfollowing:--One issued in Edinburgh bears \u2018to be printed in this\npresent year,\u2019 a somewhat indefinite intimation, consisting of 47\nduodecimo pages; and one in two numbers of 24 pp. each, printed\nin Newcastle by G. Angus, without date, and apparently complete.\nThe earliest edition mentioned is one published by A. Robertson,\nCoalhill, Leith, in 1765. It was an octavo, in six parts of eight\npages each, with a title-page to each part. Another was printed\nby W. R. Walker, Royal Arcade, Newcastle-on-Tyne, but it bears\nno date. The Robertsons, of the Saltmarket, Glasgow, also issued\nseveral editions of this chap-book, among the rest of their\n\u2018Standards.\u2019\n\nHaving thus gone over, with as much detail as possible, the various\nworks attributed to Dougal Graham, it will be proper to give the\nlist of them, with the dates of the editions reprinted in these\nvolumes:--\n\n  1.--The History of the Rebellion, 3rd Edition. Glasgow, 1774.\n  2.--John Hielandman\u2019s Remarks on Glasgow, n.d.\n  3.--Turnimspike, n.d.\n  4.--Tugal M\u2018Tagger, n.d.\n  5.--Had awa\u2019 frae me, Donald, n.d.\n  6.--Jockey and Maggy\u2019s Courtship. Glasgow, 1779.\n  7.--The Coalman\u2019s Courtship. Glasgow, 1782.\n  8.--Lothian Tom. Edinburgh, 1775.\n  9.--John Cheap the Chapman. Falkirk, 1798.\n  10.--Leper the Taylor. Stirling, 1799.\n  11.--The Taylor\u2019s Funeral. 1816.\n  12.--Haverel Wives. Glasgow, 1781.\n  13.--Janet Clinker\u2019s Oration. Glasgow, 1807.\n  14.--The Witty Jokes of John Falkirk. Edinburgh, 1777.\n  15.--John Falkirk\u2019s Cariches. Stirling, n.d.\n  16.--Pady from Cork. Glasgow, 1807.\n  17.--Simple John, _alias_ Simple Tam. Glasgow, 1780.\n  18.--History of Buckhaven. Glasgow, 1806.\n  19.--George Buchanan. Stirling, 1795.\n\nSuch is the catalogue of Graham\u2019s works--works with which it is\nbelieved he had something more or less to do--and which we have\nbeen able to find. Of the others attributed to him, but unfound,\nare:--\n\n  20.--Verses on Popular Superstitions.\n  21.--Dialogue between the Pope and the Prince of Darkness.\n  22.--Epitaph on the Third Command.\n  23.--Life and Transactions of Alexander Hamwinkle.\n  24.--Warning to Methodist Preachers.\n  25.--Second Warning to Methodist Preachers.\n  26.--Proverbs on the Pride of Women.\n  27.--Verses on the Pride of Women.\n  28.--Dying Groans of John Barleycorn.[31]\n\nThere are probably others of which even the names have been lost;\nbut it seems likely that very few, if any, of those classified as\nnot found, will ever be traced. It is a pity that this should be\nso; and every lover of the literary antiquities of Scotland must\nfondly hope that in the course of time, by some happy accident, the\nlost chap-books of Dougal Graham may again see the light of day.\n\nBy way of conclusion, it will be appropriate to discuss the general\ncharacter of these works. Such an inquiry involves the weighing of\nopinions of several writers who, it must be admitted on all hands,\nwere in every way qualified to give a judgment in the matter.\n\nThe leading opinion must, of course, be that of Sir Walter Scott.\nThis is the record Strang[32] gives of it:--\u2018A history of the\nvulgar literature of Scotland has been long and is unquestionably\nstill a desideratum, for certainly nothing could tend to throw\nso much light on the manners and tastes of the great body of\nthe people as such a work. In 1830 it was hoped that Sir Walter\nScott--than whom no man could have so well and so heartily\nperformed the task--would have undertaken it as a preface to\nDougal Graham\u2019s History of the Rebellion, which, as we have hinted,\nhe proposed giving to the Maitland Club, but unfortunately he\nabandoned the idea; yet, in doing so, Sir Walter, in a letter dated\n10th May, 1830, to the writer of this volume, among other things\nof Dougal, said--\u201cNeither had I the least idea of his being the\nauthor of so much of our Bibliotheque Bleue as you ascribe to him,\nembracing unquestionably several coarse but excessively meritorious\npieces of popular humour. The _Turnamspike_ alone was sufficient\nto entitle him to immortality. I had, in my early life, a great\ncollection of these chap-books, and had six volumes of them bought\nbefore I was ten years old, comprehending most of the more rare and\ncurious of our popular tracts.\u201d\u2019\n\nMotherwell, again, says that he himself projected--but was unable,\nthrough want of leisure, and the difficulty of obtaining materials,\nto carry his intention into effect--a history of vulgar literature,\nin which, as a matter of course, Graham must have occupied a\nprominent place. Referring to the _History of the Rebellion_, he\nsays:--\u2018However slightingly we esteem his metrical powers, we\nreally believe he has conscientiously and honestly detailed the\nevents which came under his observation. It is not, however, on the\nmerits of this work, that Graham\u2019s fame rests. Had he only written\nit, we believe he never would have occupied our thoughts for a\nmoment; but as one who subsequently contributed largely to the\namusement of the lower classes of his countrymen, we love to think\nof the facetious bellman. To his rich vein of gross comic humour,\nlaughable and vulgar description, great shrewdness of observation,\nand strong, though immeasurably coarse sense, every one of us,\nafter getting out of toy books and fairy tales, has owed much. In\ntruth, it is no exaggeration when we state, that he who desires\nto acquire a thorough knowledge of low Scottish life, vulgar\nmanners, national characteristics, and popular jokes, must devote\nhis days and nights to the study of John Cheap the Chapman--Leper\nthe Taylor--Paddy from Cork--The whole proceedings of Jockie and\nMaggie\u2019s Courtship--Janet Clinker\u2019s Orations--Simple John, &c.,\nall productions of Dougald\u2019s fertile brain, and his unwearied\napplication to the cultivation of vulgar literature. To refined\ntaste Dougald had no pretensions. His indelicacy is notorious--his\ncoarseness an abomination--but they are characteristic of the\nclass for whom he wrote. He is thoroughly imbued with the national\nhumours and peculiarities of his countrymen of the humblest\nclasses, and his pictures of their manners, modes of thinking\nand conversation, are always sketched with a strong and faithful\npencil. Indeed, the uncommon popularity the chap-books above noted\nhave acquired, entitles them, in many a point of view, to the\nregard of the moralist, and the literary historian. We meet with\nthem on every stall, and in every cottage. They are essentially\nthe Library of Entertaining Knowledge to our peasantry, and\nhave maintained their ground in the affections of the people,\nnotwithstanding the attempt of religious, political, or learned\nassociations, to displace them, by substituting more elegant and\nwholesome literature in their stead.\u2019[33]\n\nDr. Strang\u2019s judgment is similar:--\u2018Of the vulgar literature to\nwhich we have referred, and of so much of which Dougal Graham was\nthe author, it is enough to say that it really contributed the\nchief literary pabulum enjoyed by the bulk of our countrymen in the\nhumbler walks of life; and though the jokes therein promulgated\ncertainly were broad, and sometimes even grossly indecent, they\nwere not untrue portraitures of Scottish life and Scottish\nmanners.\u2019[34]\n\nProfessor Fraser thus discusses the same matter:--\u2018He [Graham]\npossessed this advantage over the ordinary historian; that the\nlatter from his superior height and position seldom condescended\nto enter the huts of the poor, and when he did enter, the inmates\nwere frightened into their \u201cSunday clothes and manners\u201d by his\nstately and majestic presence. But Dougal, being himself one of\nthe poorest, introduces us into the most secret, domestic, and\nevery-day life and thoughts of the lower classes of last century.\nNothing is hidden from him. He is treated with a familiarity which\nshows that his hosts have no wish to hide anything. Then, too, he\nmade his reader familiar not only with their mode of life, but with\nthe peculiarities of their dialect, and in this way shed a not\nunfrequent light on philology. Add to these virtues that Dougal\nis never out of humour, always laughing and gossiping, drinking\nand telling old tales. His laughter, also, is contagious; we\ncannot contain ourselves. All his stories are full of people who\nlaugh \u201clike to burst,\u201d and one cannot help but join them in their\ncacchinations. Nor are his sketches wanting in dramatic power.\nThe characters are full of individuality and life, rendered more\nsignificant by a local flavour of demeanor and dialect. More than\none of them might have afforded models for some of the raciest of\nScott\u2019s creations, and all of them are instinct with genuine humour\nand vitality.\u2019[35]\n\nSuch were the opinions regarding the writings of Dougal Graham,\ngiven expression to by four men who had studied them, and saw their\nvalue. It is difficult, and almost unnecessary, to add anything\nfurther to what they have said; but in bringing this account of\nGraham\u2019s works to a close, we may be permitted to supplement the\njudgments quoted, by a few additional speculations.\n\nMuch has been said about the value these writings possess, because\nthey are, for the most part, truthful descriptions of the life of\nthe Scottish people of last century. In what other works, or series\nof works--even those professedly dealing with the subject--can\nthere be obtained such a knowledge of how the common people lived\na century or two ago? We venture to affirm that such cannot be\nfound. The life of the people is the life of the nation; and if\nit be a virtue to write personal biography like Boswell, it is\nsurely more so to record the inner life of a nation, like Graham.\nBoth, differing widely in many and important respects, have\nattained success by the same means--by placing before their readers\nsketches of private life, of the life which is most natural and\nleast artificial, and which gives the best notion of the feelings\nand motives that guided either individuals or nations to success\nor failure. To understand thoroughly the history of Scotland in\nthe eighteenth century, the ordinary historical works, dealing\nprincipally with great movements and events, must be read in the\nlight, and by the aid, of the popular literature of that period; in\nthe same way as the resident of the twentieth century, desiring to\nknow the true history of the present age must, while looking to its\ngreat religious, philanthropic, scientific, commercial, political,\nand military achievements, also take into account the criminal\nrecords, the proceedings of the courts, the annals of the poor, and\nthe ephemeral literature of all kinds.\n\nAnother line of thought is suggested by the indelicacy of\nexpression so frequently to be found in Graham\u2019s works. That such\nindelicacy exists in his works must be admitted; but in this\nrespect they are no worse than, and will compare favourably with,\nthe writings of many of the most prominent Scottish authors, such\nas Sir David Lindsay, and others. Indeed, it is worthy of notice,\nthat men such as Fielding, Sterne, Swift, and Smollet, highly\neducated, and moving in a better circle of society in the same age\nwith Dougal Graham, have tainted their writings with the grossness\nwhich has been noticed, and which, in their case, is less easily\nexcused. The fault was in the time when plain speaking took the\nplace now occupied by inuendo. Notwithstanding this, it cannot\nbut be noticed that in his writings there is a native manliness\nnot often discovered in works having greater pretensions; that\nthere is no mawkish sentiment or sickly prudishness; and that in\nthe presentation of pictures of life, they have no artificial\ndraperies more suggestive than nature itself. There is a tendency\non the part of those who have written upon this subject, to deplore\nthe indelicacy of many passages of Graham\u2019s works. We do not feel\nourselves under any obligation to do so, for had the author toned\ndown the colouring of some of his chap-books, they would have been\nuntrue to nature to the extent of the suppression. What should\nbe regretted was the immorality and coarseness so prevalent among\nthe lower classes in Scotland during last century; and he who\nwishes to further the improvement and condition of the people will\nwelcome Graham\u2019s chap-books as showing distinctly what required\nreformation a century ago. It would hardly be too much to say, that\nin some parts of Scotland a state of matters very little different\nfrom what Graham frequently describes, may still be found. Any\none who is at all acquainted with life among the lower classes,\nmust admit that these descriptions are true to nature, and that\na study of them is necessary before we can know thoroughly upon\nwhat the present superstructure of Scottish civilisation has been\nbuilt. Graham, perhaps unintentionally, has held \u2018the mirror up to\nnature,\u2019 has shown \u2018virtue her own feature, scorn her own image,\nand the very age and body of the time his form and pressure.\u2019\n\nIt would be difficult, again, to over-estimate the value of Dougal\nGraham\u2019s works as affording illustrations of the folk-lore of\nScotland. Almost all the superstitions that obtained among the\ncommon people of his time he has touched upon either directly or\nindirectly; and in many instances he has given information upon\nthis and kindred subjects which it would be difficult to find\nanywhere else. While all his chap-books may be found useful in\nthis direction, a few of them stand out as perfect storehouses\nof folk-lore. Among the most notable of these are _The History\nof Buckhaven_, _The History of the Haveral Wives_, _Jockey and\nMaggy\u2019s Courtship_, the three parts of _Leper the Taylor_, and\neven _Pady from Cork_. In the first-mentioned chap-book there\nare some particularly valuable notes about the opinions current\nregarding the Arch-enemy and all his supposed representatives on\nearth, such as witches, kelpies, fairies, and \u2018bogles\u2019 of all\nkinds. The folk-lore of the hare, or \u2018mauken,\u2019 in this work is\nalso very full, and has given Mr. William George Black, F.S.A.,\nScot., a valuable illustration for his able article on \u2018The Hare in\nFolk-Lore,\u2019 in a recent issue of _The Folk-Lore Journal_. Similar\nremarks could be made about the other chap-books specially named,\nbut enough has been said in a general way to indicate their value\nin this direction. In the notes to the chap-books themselves some\nattempt may be made to show, in a manner more detailed than is\npossible here, their worth as throwing light upon the superstitions\nprevalent during the eighteenth century.\n\nHow far the genius of Dougal Graham would have been affected by an\neducation superior to that which he obtained, it would be difficult\nto say. Possibly greater culture might have raised him to the\nrank of a Scott; perhaps it might only have left him in the ranks\nof mediocrity. In the one case he would have produced works of\ngreater literary value; in the other, possibly, none at all. One\nthing is evident, however, that a series of writings which discover\nthe under-currents of Scottish life in a busy century, would have\nbeen lost to literature, and that whatever gain there may have in\none direction, it could hardly counter-balance the loss another\nway. Taking Dougal Graham all in all, his uncultured energy, his\n\u2018hameliness,\u2019 and his ready wit, have won for him a place in\nScottish literature it would be difficult to supply, and which no\none but himself was qualified to occupy. What that place was we\nshall endeavour to show in the following pages, when dealing with\nthe chap-literature of Scotland.\n\n\n\n\nIII.--THE CHAP-LITERATURE OF SCOTLAND.\n\n\nFully half a century ago, William Motherwell, whose name has been\nfrequently mentioned in these pages, penned this sentence:--\u2018A\nHistory of Vulgar Literature, from the earliest of the present\ntimes, we believe, would form a valuable acquisition to the\nlibraries of the curious.\u2019 About thirty years later Dr. Strang\nexpressed the same idea in terms somewhat similar:--\u2018A history\nof the vulgar literature of Scotland has been long and is\nunquestionably still, a desideratum, for certainly nothing could\ntend to throw so much light on the manners and tastes of the\ngreat body of the people as such a work.\u2019 Notwithstanding the\nlapse of time the work so much desired has yet to be done; though\nProfessor Fraser within recent years has brought together, in a\nconcise form, material regarding chap-literature, which, before\nhis work on the Humorous Chap-Books of Scotland, was only to be\nfound in fragments in various books and magazines. By his own\nconfession, however, his work is merely an instalment, and, as\nwe have indicated, a history of the chap-literature of Scotland\nhas yet to be written. It is a matter to be regretted that the\npopular works of last century--the works which found most favour\nwith the great mass of the people, and which, with the addition\nof the Bible, was the bulk of their reading--should have been\nover-looked. No complaint can be made of any neglect of the higher\nwalks in the profession of letters in the eighteenth century. The\nphilosophers, poets, novelists, and historians of Scotland in the\nlast century, have had at least justice done them. But their works,\nfor the most part, were addressed to the educated, then a small\nproportion of the population. Those who wrote for the people--for\nthe uneducated peasantry--have been ignored, a notable exception\nbeing Burns, whose works were popular with all classes. Their works\nwere long considered to be unworthy of notice; and out of a very\nlarge issue, there can now only be found a few stray leaflets. With\nsuch material as can be had, a short sketch of that literature is\ngiven in the following pages, for the purpose of showing the place\noccupied in it by Dougal Graham.\n\n\u2018Our fathers have told us,\u2019 could the medi\u00e6val Scot say as well as\nthe ancient Israelite, for the traditions of former days in ballad,\nsong, and story, were handed down from generation to generation. In\nthe good old times, the gaberlunzie man would rehearse, by the peat\nfire of some remote farm-house, tales of the present and the past;\nor the discredited minstrel of the \u2018iron time\u2019 would tune--\n\n      ---- \u2018To please a peasant\u2019s ear,\n      The harp a king had loved to hear.\u2019\n\nFrom these, celebrated by royal and knightly poets, and encircled\nby the halo of romance, we must descend to the more prosaic,\nbecause better known, chapman, who, in a latter age, filled\ntheir places. Travelling over the country with a pack composed\nof haberdashery goods of the most varied kind, and with coarsely\nprinted specimens of the literature to which his profession has\ngiven a name, he retailed at each farm-house the news he had heard\non his journeys; and on a winter\u2019s evening, by the kitchen fire,\nhe could make the time seem to pass swiftly, as he drew upon his\nexperience for stories of the most wonderful description, or\nrecalled the days of chivalry by his old-world tales. He was thus\nadmitted to the inner circle: he mixed with the people as one of\nthemselves.\n\nHaving thus shown the chapman\u2019s descent, it will be interesting\nto notice the origin of the name given to his profession,\nif it may be so called. Professor Fraser says \u2018the prefix\n\u201cchap\u201d originally meant \u201cto cheap or cheapen,\u201d as in the word\n\u201ccheapening-place,\u201d meaning a market-place,--hence the English\nCheapside and Eastcheap.\u2019 In addition, it may be stated that the\nword \u2018chapman\u2019 is derived from the Anglo-Saxon \u201cceap-man,\u201d _ceap_\nmeaning \u2018a sale, or bargain\u2019; and it is related to the Suio-Gothic\nor Swedish _keop-a_, whence is derived the Scottish \u2018coup\u2019 or\n\u2018cowp,\u2019 now confined to horse-selling, colloquially spoken of as\n\u2018horse-cowping.\u2019 Another illustration may be found in the name\n\u2018Chepstow,\u2019 a place in Monmouthshire, meaning a market, or place\nfor chapmen. The general title of \u2018chap-books\u2019 was given to small\ntracts hawked through the country by these worthies, who, however,\nwere willing to sell anything upon which they could make a profit.\nTheir business was a necessity of the times, when roads were bad,\nwhen stage-coaches were hardly known, and when railways would\nhave been thought an impossibility and absurdity. The people in\nthe rural districts bought all their smallwares from them; and\nthe visit of the chapman to a remote Lowland village, or Highland\nclachan, was an event to be remembered by the women-folks far and\nnear.\n\nWhen and how the chap-literature of Scotland took its origin it\nwould be difficult to say with anything like precision. There\nis, however, good ground for the assumption that it may have\noriginated about the period of the Covenanting troubles, and\nthat it probably received its first material impetus from the\nRevolution of 1688. As early as 1644, Zachary Boyd, for some time\nminister of the Barony Parish of Glasgow, and Vice-Chancellor of\nthe University, complained to the General Assembly about the \u2018idle\nbooks, ... fables, love-songs, baudry ballads, heathen husks,\nyouth\u2019s poison,\u2019 in circulation. Printing was then in its infancy\nin Scotland, and it is interesting to note how, thus early in its\nexistence, it sought to extend to the people a cheap literature\nwhich, though perhaps not of the most wholesome kind, might hardly\nbe deserving of the strictures of the stern presbyterian of the\nseventeenth century. After the Restoration, a change appears\nto have come over the popular literature; a new element was\nintroduced; and the internal evidence of the chap-books relating to\nPeden, Cargill, and other worthies of the \u2018killing time,\u2019 indicate\nthat their first editions were published within a few years at\nleast of the events recorded in them. The press, apparently,\nwas made great use of by the preachers who had been ousted from\ntheir pulpits; and many sermons were sent out in the form of\nchap-books. In the second portion of the library of the late Dr.\nDavid Laing, which was recently sold off in London, there was an\ninteresting volume of chap-books relating chiefly to Scottish\nreligious and ecclesiastical affairs. Among others, it included the\nfollowing:--\u2018Renwick (J.), Man\u2019s Great Concernment, 1687\u2019; \u2018Love\n(C.), Christ\u2019s Glorious Appearance, _Glasgow_, 1692\u2019; and \u2018Row\n(J.), Sermon commonly known by the Pockmanty Preaching, _Edin._,\n1723.\u2019 From what has been said, there seems to be little doubt that\nthe chap-literature of Scotland was of somewhat earlier origin than\nthat of England. A recent writer, referring to English chap-books,\nsays:--\u2018The Chap-book proper did not exist before the former date\n[1700], unless the Civil War and political tracts can be so termed.\nDoubtless these were hawked by the pedlars, but they were not those\npenny worths, suitable to everybody\u2019s taste, and within the reach\nof anybody\u2019s purse, owing to their extremely low price, which\nmust, or ought to have, extracted every available copper in the\nvillage, when the Chapman opened his budget of brand-new books.\u2019[36]\n\nBut happier times produced a further change on Scottish\nchap-literature, which again included within its borders\nproductions of a less sober character than sermons and the lives\nand opinions of martyrs, though these still held their ground\nin public estimation. Among the chaps, the originals or early\nreprints of which were published at the beginning of the eighteenth\ncentury, were many of a religious or semi-religious character,\nsuch as the following:--\u2018Last Words of Christian Kerr, _Edin._,\n1708\u2019; \u2018Description of Jerusalem, _Edin._, 1727\u2019; and \u2018Last Words\nof Margaret Abercromby, _Edin._, 1729.\u2019 As for the \u2018Pockmanty\nPreaching,\u2019 already mentioned as having been issued in 1723, it\nwas one of a considerable class which has been well represented\nin _Scottish Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed_. About this time,\nalso, Allan Ramsay published many of his earlier poems in chap-book\nor broadside form, and to this must be attributed the speedy hold\nhe took on the favour of the people. Chalmers, in his life of the\npoet, says that after the year 1715, Ramsay \u2018wrote many petty\npoems, which from time to time he published at a proportionate\nprice. In this form, his poetry was at the time attractive; and\nthe women of Edinburgh were wont to send out their children, with\na penny, to buy \u201cRamsay\u2019s last piece.\u201d ... On those principles\nhe published, about the year 1716, the \u201cChrist\u2019s Kirk on the\nGreen.\u201d\u2019[37] Though he did not long continue this practice, he had\nafterwards to suffer some annoyance by others doing it for him. In\nhis \u2018Address to the Town Council of Edinburgh,\u2019 written in 1721,\nhe complains that he had \u2018suffer\u2019d muckle wrang\u2019 by \u2018Lucky Reid\nand ballad-singers,\u2019 publishing a trashy edition of his pastoral\non Addison. He bewails the many mistakes in it, and says that\npublication kept him from his natural rest.\n\nThe \u2018Lucky Reid,\u2019 mentioned in Ramsay\u2019s complaint, was the widow\nof John Reid, printer, in Bell\u2019s Wynd, Edinburgh. Reid did a large\nbusiness in issuing scraps of popular literature. He was the\noriginal publisher of many of the strange productions of William\nMitchell, _alias_ \u2018The Tinclarian Doctor;\u2019 an odd being who sought\nby his works to spread \u2018light\u2019 throughout Scotland. Mitchell was\na lamplighter in Edinburgh for twelve years, but, losing this\nsituation, he got, as he says himself, \u2018an inward call from the\nSpirit, to give light to the ministers.\u2019 His works may be classed\namong the chap-books of Scotland, for, though he sold them himself,\nand did not allow them to be retailed by the chapmen, they are of\nthe same description.\n\nGreat activity in the publication of chap-books is known to have\nbeen displayed by printers in the various cities and towns in\nScotland for the next decade or two; though, as far as can be\njudged from the few remnants of their productions still to be\nfound, there was no author who, in any way, marked the literature\nwith his individuality. Small collections of songs seem to have\nbeen in great request; old ballads were reprinted, and extracts\nwere made from the writings of many of the poets; and the chap\nliterature of England, which by this time had attained to some\nmaturity, was beginning to make an impression on the Scottish\npeople. Dream-books, and small works relating to astrology,\npalmistry, physiognomy, foreign travel, and such like, had become\ncommon, and were hailed by the people with manifest delight. These\npublications, issued at a price which put them within the reach\nof all classes, served to keep alive the superstitious beliefs\nwhich to this day are by no means eradicated from the popular\nmind, and which occasionally show themselves in most unlooked for\nquarters, and under the most extraordinary circumstances. Even\nthe semi-religious chap-books had a tendency in this direction;\nand the so-called prophecies of the leaders in the Covenanting\nmovement were regarded as certain of fulfilment, each change being\neagerly watched and noticed as having a bearing upon the utterance\nof some martyr to the unholy zeal of the persecutors. As the\ngeneral prophecies of Thomas the Rhymer, the seer of Ercildoune,\nwere regarded as finding their fulfilment in the political events\nof the time; as the prophecies of Mother Shipton have recently been\nscanned, and even caused agitation among a nervous few, on account\nof the prediction--\n\n      \u2018The world to an end shall come,\n      In eighteen hundred and eighty-one\u2019;\n\nso were the sayings of Peden, Cargill, and others, believed to\nbe finding their realisation in the many actual and supposed\ncalamities that every now and then occurred within the land for\nwhich they had suffered so much. An interesting notice of the power\nof these books is furnished by the Rev. Dr. Alexander Carlyle,\nminister of Inveresk, in the middle of last century:--\u2018In the\nmonth of March or April this year [1744], having gone down [from\nGlasgow] with a merchant to visit New Port-Glasgow, as our dinner\nwas preparing at the inn, we were alarmed with the howling and\nweeping of half-a-dozen of women in the kitchen, which was so loud\nand lasting that I went to see what was the matter, when, after\nsome time, I learnt from the calmest among them that a pedlar had\nleft a copy of Peden\u2019s _Prophecies_ that morning, which having\nread part of, they found that he had predicted woes of every kind\nto the people of Scotland; and in particular that Clyde would run\nwith blood in the year 1744, which now being some months advanced,\nthey believed that their destruction was at hand. I was puzzled\nhow to pacify them, but calling for the book, I found that the\npassage which had terrified them was contained in the forty-fourth\nparagraph, without any allusion whatever to the year; and by this\nmeans I quieted their lamentations. Had the intended expedition\nof Mareschal Saxe been carried into execution that year, as was\nintended, their fears might have been realised.\u2019[38] An instance\nof the supposed fulfilment of a prophecy of Thomas the Rhymer,\nabout this date, may be cited from Dougal Graham\u2019s _History of the\nRebellion_. Referring to Prestonpans, and after describing the\nbattle fought there on the 21st of September, 1745, between the\nclans under Prince Charlie and the troops under Sir John Cope, he\nsays:--\n\n      \u2018The place old Rhymer told long before,\n      \u201cThat between Seaton and the sea,\n      \u201cA dreadful morning there should be,\n      \u201cMeet in the morning lighted by the moon,\n      \u201cThe lion his wound here, heal shall not soon.\u201d\n      In Thomas\u2019 book of this you\u2019ll read,\n      Mention\u2019d by both Merlin and Bead.\u2019\n\nThe publication, in 1746, of Dougal Graham\u2019s _History of the\nRebellion_, marks the beginning of an important era in the progress\nof the chap literature of Scotland. Larger than most of the works\nhitherto issued to the public at a cheap rate and through the\nmedium of pedlars, the living interest it possessed, by dealing\nwith events and aspirations which at that time still had a firm\nhold on the minds of the people, gave it a popularity hardly less\nthan that attained by the smaller and cheaper productions preceding\nit. Even yet, it possesses a unique position among its class. But\nthe _History_ is also interesting in its relation to Scottish\npopular literature in that it was the first known publication of\nan author whose numerous works afterwards gave to it a distinctive\ncharacter, and elevated it to a rank certainly not equalled by the\nkindred literature of England. It is probable that the publication\nof Graham\u2019s works extended from 1746 until his death in 1779,\nthe poetical pieces being first in order; and, while there is no\ndefinite information on the point, it can be fairly assumed that\nthey from the first made a distinct impression. Their predecessors,\nthough they had a strong hold upon the popular favour, treated for\nthe most part either with the theological and superstitious sides\nof the Scottish nature, or with peculiarities common to every\nsection of the island. Dougal struck out a new line, described\nScottish life as he found it and knew it by personal observation\nand contact. By this means he was able to present to his readers\nvigorous pictures of the life they themselves lived, the opinions\nthey themselves expressed, the language in which they spoke, and,\nabove all, he could appeal to their likes and dislikes in a way\nwhich none of his craft had done before, or was able to do after\nhim. These features in the works of Dougal Graham gave him an\nunwonted popularity, and the couplet in the preface to a late\nedition of _John Falkirk\u2019s Cariches_ shows the estimation in which\nhe was held:--\n\n      \u2018The wittiest fellow in his time,\n      Either for Prose or making Rhyme.\u2019\n\nThe varied character of his works gave to the literature of which\nthey were a part a native strength that otherwise would not have\nbelonged to it; and while they may have, to some extent, deepened\nthe taint of coarseness which before found a place within its\nranks, they added to its value as illustrating the tastes and\nmanners of the common people. To convince himself of the truth\nof this statement, all that the reader requires to do is to note\ncarefully the chap-books written by Graham, either in contrast\nwith others, or by themselves. There is enough in them, without\nconsidering their relation to others, to prove that statement, for\ntheir truthfulness to human nature, and especially Scottish human\nnature, appeals to the heart and convinces the judgment.\n\nWhile Dougal Graham was thus actively employed, and with so much\neffect, other writers were contributing their quota to chapman\nliterature. None of these authors can now be traced, possibly\nbecause they kept their identity concealed, but a few of their\nworks still remain. One or two of them may be noticed. In 1764,\nthere were issued in Edinburgh two chap-books which may be\nregarded as the forerunners of the modern \u2018letter-writers.\u2019 One of\nthem, _The Art of Courtship_, contained \u2018Amorous dialogues, love\nletters, complimental expressions, with a particular description\nof Courtship, etc.\u2019; while the other bore the title of _The\nAccomplished Courtier, or A New School of Love_. In the same city,\nin 1767, there was published _The Comical Notes and Sayings of\nthe Reverend Mr. John Pettegrew_, minister in Govan. It contained\nstories, humorous and sometimes very broad, about the reverend\ngentleman, but they had probably as little foundation in fact as\nthe extraordinary tales recorded of George Buchanan. There are\nother chap-books with a popularity almost equal to those named, and\nto the productions of Dougal Graham, such as--_The Wife of Beath_,\na metrical travesty of Chaucer\u2019s tale; the still highly esteemed\n_Watty and Meg_; _Thrummy Cap_; _The Dominie Deposed_; _Margaret\nand the Minister_; and a host of others.\n\nNothing that can be said to have given any new feature to chap\nliterature was published after Graham\u2019s death, though it still\ncontinued to be very popular. Many printers throughout the country\nset themselves almost exclusively to its circulation, which, it\nhas been stated, had reached, before the close of the century,\na quarter of a million copies annually. The old chap-books were\nreprinted in almost every town of any note in Scotland, sometimes\nin full, sometimes abridged; songs and ballads were collected and\ngot up in chap-book and broadside form; and extracts from larger\nworks were made and published in a guise under which their authors\nwould have had difficulty in recognising them. Dougal Graham,\nof course, had great attention paid to him; and edition after\nedition of his numerous works was scattered over the country;\nwhile Robert Burns, then rising into fame as a poet, had his\nwritings reproduced in many of the collections of songs. For the\nfirst twenty years of the present century the chap-books enjoyed\nan unimpaired popularity, but they gradually began to decline\nin favour. An impression of their vulgarity got abroad, they\nwere regarded by public moralists as pestilential and therefore\ndeserving extinction; some publishers turned out from their presses\n\u2018New and Improved Series,\u2019 and at last they came to be regarded\nas belonging to a bygone age, worthy only of the consideration of\nantiquaries, some utilitarians being doubtful if they even merited\nthat attention. The time had changed, and the popular taste had\nimproved; and, after 1832, Chambers\u2019 _Journal_ took the place\namong the people formerly occupied by chap-books. As the taste\nfor reading increased, the _Journal_ shared honours with other\npublications, until now the issue of ephemeral literature has\nreached an extraordinary development. There are, however, many\nstill living who remember the days of chap-literature, and who\ncan recall the zest with which they first read the adventures of\n\u2018Louden Tam,\u2019 \u2018Leper the Tailor,\u2019 \u2018John Cheap,\u2019 and all that race.\n\nIt would be impossible in this place to give a note of the printers\nwho assisted in the issue of the chap literature of Scotland,\nthough to do so would be highly interesting. Their name is legion.\nOf the work of the earlier printers very few specimens remain; but\ntowards the end of last century some of the printers in Glasgow,\nEdinburgh, Falkirk, and other large towns, attained to quite a\ncelebrity for their efforts in this direction. James and Matthew\nRobertson, whose shop was in the Saltmarket, between the Cross and\nwhat is now known as St. Andrew\u2019s Street, and who were in business\nat the end of the eighteenth, and beginning of the nineteenth,\ncentury, made about \u00a330,000 off them. They published all Dougal\nGraham\u2019s booklets in their most complete forms, besides everything\nof the chap-book kind then in circulation. At their death their\nmoney went to the only daughter of Matthew, and her reputation for\nbenevolence to the poor long survived her. Two other Saltmarket\nprinters were Thomas Duncan, at No. 159, and R. Hutchison, at No.\n10, both of whom flourished in the early years of this century.\nThe headquarters of the chap-book printers in Edinburgh were in\nNiddery\u2019s Wynd and the Cowgate. Some most valuable pieces were\nissued from the Wynd about the middle of last century; and, in the\nCowgate in the early years of this century, Morren printed all and\nsundry, scattering chap-books broadcast over the east coast. About\n1760, A. Robertson, Coalhill, Leith, did an extensive business in\nthis way. Falkirk, again, occupies a high position in this respect,\nfor during the last few years of the eighteenth, and the early\nyears of the present, century, T. Johnston issued a large number\nof chap-books, most of them valuable because they do not seem to\nhave been much, if any, abridged. C. and M. Randall, of Stirling,\nabout the same time were engaged in a similar work. Without further\ndetail, this list of these eminent printers may be closed by the\nmention of the name of George Caldwell, Paisley, who flourished\nin both centuries, and who is believed to have been the original\nprinter of many of Dougal Graham\u2019s chap-books. Few, if any, of his\nearly productions can now be found.\n\nIn concluding this necessarily brief outline of the history of\nthe chap-literature of Scotland, we may be allowed to quote from\n_The Thistle_, a Glasgow magazine published in 1847. It was edited\nby Alexander B. Grosart, the now eminent editor of the Fuller\nWorthies\u2019 Library, etc., who was at that time in the employment of\nDr. John Buchanan, the Glasgow banker and antiquary. Mr. Grosart\nhad in that magazine a quaintly written article on \u2018Chap-Beuks and\nBallats,\u2019 beginning in this strain:--\n\n      \u2018Chap-Beuks and Ballats\n                  ---- \u201cTo rede are delectabill.\n                  Suppois that thai be nocht bot fabill;\n                  Then suld \u2018auld storyss\u2019 that suthfast were,\n                  Have \u2018doubill pleasance.\u2019\u201d\n\n\u2018So said or sung \u201cMakkar\u201d Barbour in his \u201cQuhair\u201d of the Bruce.\nChap-beuks and Ballats occupied a \u201cfar-ben corner o\u2019 the heart\u201d of\nour Fathers and Grandfathers; indeed we have a \u201cdoubill pleasaunce\u201d\nin these \u201cauld storyss\u201d when \u201ctauld in gude manner.\u201d\u2019 Such is a\ntrue estimate of their position in the hearts and minds of the\nScots of the eighteenth century. The opinions Sir Walter Scott and\nWilliam Motherwell had of Dougal Graham\u2019s writings have already\nbeen shown, and their estimate of the value of the literature for\nwhich he wrote has been clearly brought out.\n\nNo one need regret that the days of chap-books are gone, but the\nhuman mind has a tendency to turn with a loving look to the past,\nas if life in it had been easier than in the present. It is,\nhowever, another illustration of the familiar adage that \u2018distance\nlends enchantment to the view.\u2019 These works, impossible now,\nmust be regarded in the light in which Dean Ramsay prepared his\n_Reminiscences_. His object was to \u2018depict a phase of national\nmanners which was fast passing away, and thus, in however humble\na department, contribute something to the materials of history,\nby exhibiting social customs and habits of thought which at a\nparticular era were characteristic of a race.\u2019[39] Such is the\nvalue of the remnants of the once extensive chap literature of\nScotland. With a finer public taste, and a purer, though not more\nvigorous, popular literature, these old books are now discredited\nexcept for antiquarian purposes. Perhaps the change cannot be\nbetter shown than in the illustration given by Dean Ramsay, who\nsays in his \u2018Conclusion\u2019:--\u2018In 1821, Mrs. Keith of Ravelstone,\ngrand-aunt of Sir Walter Scott, thus writes, in returning to him\nthe work of a female novelist which she had borrowed from him\nout of curiosity, and to remind her of \u201cauld lang syne:\u201d--\u201cIs it\nnot a very odd thing that I, an old woman of eighty and upwards,\nsitting alone, feel myself ashamed to read a book which, sixty\nyears ago, I have heard read aloud for the amusement of large\ncircles, consisting of the first and most creditable society in\nLondon!\u201d\u2019[40] It is well that such should be the case; but it is\nin the interests of the purity of public morals, of the progress\nof national life, that these old land-marks should be preserved;\nfor by them only can we tell of the manners and customs of our\nforefathers, or estimate what advancement has been made since their\ntime.\n\n\n\n\nAN IMPARTIAL\n\nHISTORY\n\nof the\n\nRISE, PROGRESS, and EXTINCTION\n\nof the late\n\nREBELLION\n\nIn _Britain_, in the Years 1745 and 1746.\n\n  Giving an ACCOUNT of every BATTLE, SKIRMISH, and SIEGE, from the\n  Time of the PRETENDER\u2019S coming out of _France_, until he landed\n  in _France_ again; with Plans of the Battles of _Preston-pans_,\n  _Clifton_, _Falkirk_, and _Culloden_.\n\n  With a real DESCRIPTION of his DANGERS and TRAVELS through the\n  _HIGHLAND_ Isles, after the Break at _CULLODEN_.\n\n\n[The _History of the Rebellion_, as given in the following pages,\nis a reprint, _verbatim et literatim_, of the third edition--the\nearliest now existent--published in 1774 by John Robertson,\nGlasgow. It is from a beautiful copy in the possession of Mr.\nGeorge Gray, Clerk of the Peace, Glasgow, who kindly placed it at\nthe disposal of the editor.]\n\n\n\n\n_PREFACE._\n\n\nIT is grown customary to introduce New Publications (however\ntrifling) to the Public, with some kind of Oration in their\nFavour----Some must have their Literary Productions shelter\u2019d under\nthe Protection of the GREAT, that they may have an Opportunity of\nshowing their Talents in paying flattering Compliments, to gratify\ntheir Patron\u2019s Vanity, often at the expence of Truth, and always\nwith the sinister View of Advantage to themselves----Others,\ntake their own Word for it, are prevail\u2019d upon, to publish their\nWritings at the request of judicious Friends, thereby, laying\nthe Public under a kind of Tribute to their friends, by obliging\nthem to subscribe to their Judgment, or condemn their Taste, and\nexcuse the poor Author, whose Modesty would otherwise have kept his\nProductions a Secret.----Some have wrote with the momentuous View\nof instructing and amending the World----A laudable, but arduous\nTask! and every One alledges some Reason or other for commencing\nAuthor.\n\nI TOO have my Reasons, which I will candidly own: I shall not say\nthey are as weighty as others are; but I will venture to affirm,\nthey are as common, and such as have introduced into the World ten\nthousand BRATS OF THE BRAIN, besides mine.\n\nFIRST then, I have an Itch for Scribling, and having wrote the\nfollowing for my Pleasure, I had an Ambition to have this Child of\nmine out in the world, expecting, if it should thrive and do well,\nit might bring Credit or Comfort to the Parent----For it is my firm\nOpinion, that Parental Affection is as strong towards Children of\nthe Brain, as those produced by natural Generation.\n\nHAVING thus far shown my Reason for Publishing, allow me in the\nnext Place, to show my Method----I have no dread of any Body\u2019s\nfinding Fault with me for telling the Truth, because Charles has\nno Sway here; Duke William, once the Idol of the loyal British,\nis gone to the house of Silence, and I believe, if I should\ntake the Liberty to tell the Truth of him, no Body could blame\nme--therefore, I have impartially related all that to me seemed\nworth while, of the Actions of either Party in that confused Fray,\nfrom the Writings of the Celebrated VOLTAIRE, from the Author of\nAscanius, or from my own OBSERVATION, having been an Eye-witness\nto most of the Movements of the Armies, from the Rebels first\ncrossing the Ford of Frew to their final defeat at Culloden.----The\nHighlanders STEALT, RAIVT, and SIPPED the KIRN, I really think,\npinching Hunger caused most of their Disorders.----The Red-coats\nunmercifully houghed the Cows, and burnt the Houses of many poor\nFolks who were innocent of the Rebellion: By both, the Sakeless\nsuffered.----I have wrote it in Vulgar Rhyme, being what not only\npleased my own Fancy, but what I have found acceptable to the most\npart of my Countrymen, especially to those of common Education like\nmyself. If I have done well, \u2019tis what I should like: and if I have\nfail\u2019d, \u2019tis what Mankind are liable to----Therefore, let Cavillers\nrather write a better one, than pester themselves and the Public\nwith their Criticisms of my Faults.----To the candid Public, I beg\nleave to present it, such as it is, and if they applaud, let Zoilus\ncarp his fill----I have gained my End, and am\n\n  The Public\u2019s most obedient Servant,\n\n  DOUGAL GRAHAM.\n\n\n\n\nTHE\n\nHISTORY\n\nOF THE\n\nREBELLION\n\nIN BRITAIN in the years 1745 and 1746.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. I.\n\n_Introduction and Origin of the War. Charles\u2019 landing in Scotland\nand march to Tranent._\n\n\n      In the year se\u2019enteen hundred and forty one,\n      An imperious and bloody war began,\n      Amongst kings and queens in Germanie,\n      Who should the Roman Emperor be.\n      French and Prussians did jointly go,\n      The Hungarian queen to overthro\u2019;\n      But British, Hanoverians, and Dutch,\n      Espous\u2019d her cause, and that too much.\n      From year to year, the flame it grew,\n      Till armies to the field they drew,\n      At Dittingen and Fontenoy,\n      Did many thousand lives destroy.\n      And then the French, they form\u2019d a plan,\n      To animate our Highland clan,\n      By sending the Pretender\u2019s son\n      To claim Great Britain as his own;\n      Which drew the British forces back,\n      And made the German war to slack.\n\n        In the month of July, forty-five,\n      This project into act, they drive.\n      Prince Charles, the Pretender\u2019s son,\n      On board a French frigate is gone,\n      With Sullivan, of Irish birth,\n      And Tilly-bairn of noble worth;\n      With other five Scots natives more,\n      Left Lazare, on Brittany shore.\n      First to Belleisle they steer\u2019d their way\n      July the fifteenth, that very day,\n      Where they the Elis\u2019beth did join,\n      A man-of-war, with arms and coin,\n      To be his guardian ship, and store,\n      But could not reach the British shore;\n      Altho\u2019 well mann\u2019d with sixty guns,\n      The English Lion, made blood and wounds,\n      Her captain slew, and seventy more;\n      Made all her crew with wounds and gore,\n      Fly with the wind in haste to France,\n      And into Brest they got by chance.\n      Right narrowly, escaping sinking,\n      Show\u2019rs of balls around them clinking.\n      Thus by the Lion, and captain Brett,\n      He and his convoy, were separate.\n      His frigate eleven guns did carry,\n      But on the battle, she did not tarry,\n      And thought it best to get away,\n      Because he\u2019d been the richest prey:\n      The Scottish coast, he reach\u2019d at last,\n      Amongst the Isles, into the west;\n      Near Lochaber, there did he land,\n      At Kinloch-moidart, I understand;\n      With one Macdonald he did stay,\n      And on his standard, did display\n      This motto, TANDEM TRIUMPHANS,\n      At length triumphant, the English is.\n      His MANIFESTOES, also spread,\n      Which for the Scots, great favour had;\n      How that the Union, he\u2019d dissolve,\n      And the tax from Malt, Salt and Coal;\n      And as for the High Church of England,\n      As now establish\u2019d, \u2019twas to stand:\n      But for Scots Kirk, call\u2019d Presbytry,\n      He would consider at more delay.\n      This set the clergy on his tap,\n      And kept some thousands from the trap,\n      Wherein with him they had been snar\u2019d\n      If under arms, they had appear\u2019d.\n      The Highland Chiefs drew clans together,\n      But of the end, did not consider,\n      If their designs, miscarry should,\n      How that they were, of all befool\u2019d.\n      The Camrons rose, headed by Lochiel,\n      And Stewarts did under Appin dwell,\n      With the Macdonalds of Glengary.\n      These clans did first his arms carry,\n      Numbred one thousand, eight hundred men,\n      But badly arm\u2019d, as you may ken;\n      With lockless guns, and rusty swords,\n      Durks and pistols of ancient sorts,\n      Old scythes, with their rumples even,\n      Into a tree, they had them driv\u2019n;\n      And some, with battons of good oak,\n      Vow\u2019d to kill at every stroke:\n      Some had hatchets upon a pole,\n      Mischievous weapons, antick and droll,\n      Was both for cleaving and for clieking,\n      And durking too, their way of speaking.\n      Their uniform, was belted plaids,\n      Bonnets of blew upon their heads,\n      With white cockade and naked thie\n      Of foot, as nimble as may be.\n      The rumour spread thro\u2019 all the land,\n      Of the Pretender and his band,\n      Then two companies padrolling went\n      Of Sinclair\u2019s soldiers, with intent,\n      For to disperse this rebel crew,\n      But found it was too hard to do;\n      Being surrounded by the way,\n      And forc\u2019d their arms down to lay,\n      They prisoners of war were made,\n      Or with them list, they freedom had;\n      And, Swethenham of Guise\u2019s foot,\n      But he on parole, release got,\n      Who gave the real authentic count\n      What strength, the Highland pow\u2019rs did mount,\n      Who did command, what clans they were,\n      How they encamped, when and where.\n      Then Sir John Cope gen\u2019ralissimo,\n      Troops in Scotland prepar\u2019d to go,\n      Break and scatter them, if he might,\n      Before they came to a great height,\n      And all inventions did contrive,\n      To catch that Prince, dead or alive.\n      A proclamation there was made,\n      Of thirty thousand[41] for his head,\n      Yet this did not prevent his friends,\n      Him to assist with men, and means,\n      From different corners of the land,\n      They came for to augment his band.\n      But Cope into the North he went,\n      Thinking their growth for to prevent;\n      With all the foot he could collect,\n      Light arm\u2019d they were, thinking to break\n      And scatter a wild unarmed crew,\n      Who that of fighting, nothing knew.\n      The horse he made at Stirling stay,\n      Under the wall encamp\u2019d they lay,\n      While he march\u2019d on from hill to hill,\n      But them to find he had no skill,\n      For Charles sent in their way a scout,\n      At which they follow\u2019d close pursuit,\n      O\u2019er the mountains to Inverness;\n      Before he heard where Charlie was,\n      Possessed of the town of Perth,\n      And there was join\u2019d by men of worth,\n      The Drummonds and duke John by name\n      Whose stile was Perth, of noble fame;\n      There Elcho came, and Broughton too,\n      With Balmarino not a few,\n      Kilmarnock also gave consent\n      And afterwards unto them went,\n      With many more, from north to south,\n      Of gentlemen, the flow\u2019r of youth.\n      Here of Prince Regent, he took the name,\n      And his royal Father did proclaim,\n      King of Great Britain, and Ireland,\n      With all its titles, you\u2019ll understand;\n      And here they lifted tax and cess,\n      Which did the lieges sore oppress,\n      And what was worse, I understand\n      Without his knowledge or command,\n      Some thievish bands, in many parts,\n      To cloak their rog\u2019ry, us\u2019d these arts,\n      In tartan dress\u2019d from top to toe,\n      Arms and livery had also;\n      Plunder\u2019d the country where they went,\n      Profess\u2019d they by the Prince were sent,\n      To levy horse, men and money,\n      Extorting cash and horse from many;\n      Excise and cess made people pay,\n      And gave receipts, so just were they:\n      A famous way for making rich,\n      But Charlie got the blame of such,\n      Which did his merit sore defame,\n      And gave his men a thievish name.\n      Many of his crew indeed were greedy,\n      To fill their bellies when they were needy;\n      They cocks and hens, and churns and cheese\n      Did kill and eat, when they could seize,\n      And when owners did them exclaim;\n      \u201c_Hup poup_, hersel be far frae hame,\n      \u201cYou need not fash to say no thing,\n      \u201cHersel brings you a bra\u2019 new king.\u201d\n      From Perth they march\u2019d unto Dumblane,\n      And then by Down the road they\u2019ve ta\u2019en;\n      By Stirling bridge they could not go,\n      Fearing the castle, and troops also,\n      Gard\u2019ner and Hamilton\u2019s dragoons\n      Which lay encampt between the towns\n      Of St. Ninians and Stirling wall,\n      Impatiently waiting the call,\n      Thinking John Cope was on their rear,\n      Though no tidings could from him hear.\n      They watch\u2019d their motions day and night\n      But five miles distant in their sight;\n      Until inform\u2019d by an express,\n      Of Cope\u2019s marching from Inverness,\n      And then was bound for Aberdeen,\n      From thence to sail for East Lothi\u2019n:\n      And so from Stirling to retreat,\n      On his arrival there to wait;\n      And were by no means to oppose\n      Them on their march, or come to blows,\n      Until the foot and horse unite;\n      This was John Cope\u2019s orders complete,\n      While Charles yet, he lay at Down,\n      And the dragoons at Stirling town:\n      A council call\u2019d at his desire,\n      Held in the house of Arnprior,\n      With chiefs and heads of ev\u2019ry clan,\n      Their expedition south to plan.\n      Some was with Gard\u2019ner for to fight,\n      And others said, that was not right;\n      Unless in Glens, or mountain tops,\n      To fight horsemen they had no hopes.\n      If field they lost, what could they do,\n      Nought but their heels could them rescue;\n      We\u2019ll cross the Forth, then take the hill\n      Where horse can do us little ill;\n      Thus take the South at any rate,\n      Arms and money we\u2019ll surely get:\n      Then shall we be more fit by far,\n      To fight with men that\u2019s learn\u2019d in war.\n      And that in field open and plain,\n      The victory they\u2019d surely gain;\n      The mountain road \u2019tween Forth and Clyde,\n      Where\u2019s glens and bogs on ev\u2019ry side,\n      A famous field, if need there be\n      We\u2019ll fight with more securitie.\n      Perhaps these horse will not us face,\n      Because no foot is in the place;\n      For certain, they\u2019ll not fight alone\n      Without infantry to lead them on.\n      Then reply\u2019d Stewart of Glenbuck,\n      \u201cWe\u2019re them that loup before we look;\n      \u201cWhat madness is\u2019t for so few, he said,\n      \u201cTo \u2019ttempt down pulling a crown\u2019d head;\n      \u201c\u2019Bout two thousand is our number,\n      \u201cWhat can we do, but raise a rumour,\n      \u201cThough all be north us could be trusted,\n      \u201cYet by the South we will be worsted;\n      \u201cWithout a num\u2019rous aid from France,\n      \u201cWith them we can have little chance.\n      \u201cA people that\u2019s to Whiggism bound,\n      \u201cWith life and blood will keep their ground;\n      \u201cAnd \u2019mongst them if we broken be,\n      \u201cFor shelter then, where can we flee?\n      \u201cWe already stand \u2019tween two fires,\n      \u201cAnd yet go South is your desires.\n      \u201cThere\u2019s Cope behind, Gard\u2019ner before;\n      \u201cBeat one of these, I\u2019ll say no more.\n      \u201cGain but one battle, and then pursue,\n      \u201c\u2019Twill raise your fame and army too;\n      \u201cBut still run forward and be chac\u2019d,\n      \u201cThat is no conquest but a jest.\n      \u201cI\u2019ll rather choose to turn about,\n      \u201cAnd try our might, this Cope to rout;\n      \u201cFor if the two rejoin, \u2019tis true,\n      \u201cWe\u2019ll find the work more hard to do;\n      \u201cFirst break the foot, if that ye may,\n      \u201cThe horse then will no longer stay.\u201d\n      At this high speech they took offence,\n      And charg\u2019d him and his men, go hence;\n      For such a tim\u2019rous soul as he,\n      Should not go in their companie:\n      A cow\u2019rd, they said, so full of care,\n      Would fill their troops with dread and fear;\n      No trust he had in Providence,\n      In feats of war could have no chance.\n      And thus their counsel ends in rage,\n      Glenbucket\u2019s schemes they\u2019ll not engage,\n      But call\u2019d him cow\u2019rd and shabby names,\n      Who \u2019gainst their eager plan exclaims;\n      And in their strife they parted so,\n      Glenbucket to his sleep did go;\n      But how it happen\u2019d none can tell,\n      Such accident on him befel:\n      They were alarmed with a shot,\n      Then found him bleeding on the spot;\n      Into the bed he lay alone,\n      But friend nor foe, with him was none.\n      Whether it was dregs of remorse,\n      Or thoughtful of the dang\u2019rous course\n      He was engag\u2019d to undergo;\n      But here he di\u2019d, that\u2019s what I know.\n      His men the body carried home,\n      And decently did him intomb;\n      And through displeasure of the act,\n      Not one of them returned back.\n      September, on the thirteenth day,\n      From Down they march\u2019d in good array;\n      And at the Frew they cross\u2019d the Forth,\n      The only passage from the North;\n      Without the help of boat or brigs,\n      Charles himself first wet his legs;\n      Being on the front of all his foot,\n      For help of horse there sought he not;\n      And on the south bank there he stood,\n      \u2019Till all of them, had pass\u2019d the flood.\n      Here for a space they took a rest,\n      And had refreshment of the best\n      The country round them could afford,\n      Though many found but empty board;\n      As sheep and cattle were drove away,\n      Yet hungry men sought for their prey:\n      Took milk and butter, kirns and cheese;\n      On all kinds of eatables, they seize:\n      And he who could not get a share,\n      Sprang to the hills like dogs for hare;\n      There shot the sheep, and made them fall,\n      Whirl\u2019d off the skin and that was all;\n      Struck up fires and broil\u2019d the flesh,\n      With salt and pepper, did not fash.\n      This did enrage the Cam\u2019ron\u2019s chief,\n      To see his men so play the thief;\n      And finding one into the act,\n      He fir\u2019d and shot him through the back:\n      Then to the rest himself addrest,\n      \u201cThis is your lot, I do protest,\n      \u201cWho e\u2019er amongst you wrongs a man,\n      \u201cPay what you get, I tell you plain;\n      \u201cFor yet we know not friend or foe,\n      \u201cOr how all things may chance to go.\u201d\n      And then to arms they order\u2019d were,\n      On thoughts of Gard\u2019ner\u2019s coming there:\n      But finding that he did decline,\n      They took the hills on some design,\n      Where men on horse could hardly sit,\n      They speal\u2019d the rocks like goat or cat.\n      Out o\u2019r the top, above Red-ha\u2019,\n      To th\u2019 moor of Touch went one and a\u2019,\n      And in that moor lay all that night,\n      Where Stirling castle\u2019s in their sight,\n      About three miles south from the town,\n      Which made Gard\u2019ner to leave his ground,\n      Who lay encampt in Stirling park,\n      And judging they might in the dark\n      Upon him have some rude design,\n      For which his camp he did resign,\n      But for Falkirk they march\u2019d away,\n      And all that night in field they lay,\n      Between Larbour and Falkirk town,\n      Then the morrow were eastward bound,\n      Through Lithgow to Edinburgh went,\n      To meet with Cope was his intent.\n      When Charlie found that they were fled,\n      Upon their rear, his front he led,\n      And near to Stirling marched by,\n      While the castle at him let fly;\n      But being too far, and badly serv\u2019d,\n      Nought but terror was observed;\n      Which made th\u2019 straglers mend their bicker,\n      And only run a pace the quicker;\n      Which kept them in from seeking plunder,\n      And cry, \u201cThat pe o\u2019er muckle thunder.\u201d\n      So through St. Ninian\u2019s they passed wi\u2019 speed;\n      To Bannockburn they did proceed,\n      There on the moor lay down to rest,\n      And from their friends got a repast,\n      Of what the country could afford,\n      As of \u2019munition they were not stor\u2019d;\n      Neither of bread nor baggage carts,\n      Got bread and ale to cheer their hearts.\n      Came crowding in many a hunder\n      And all to keep them back from plunder;\n      As hunger will make men to steal.\n      Forsooth they took both brose and kail,\n      And when refresh\u2019d, they march\u2019d away\n      Yet some indeed forgot to pay.\n      Then through Torwood with speed they past,\n      To Callender house they came at last,\n      A little by east Falkirk town\n      Where store of arms in it they foun\u2019,\n      Whereof they surely stood in need.\n      Then to Linlithgow did proceed;\n      Op\u2019ned the pris\u2019n in search of more,\n      Thinking to seize on Gard\u2019ner\u2019s store,\n      But th\u2019 information was but mocks,\n      For all they found was sacking frocks,\n      Which troopers use dressing their horse,\n      This made Hersel to rage and curse,\n      Saying, \u201cHet, tat soger has been chac\u2019d,\n      \u201cAnd left his auld sark in the haste.\u201d\n      To Borrowst\u2019ness they did advance,\n      Where powder and lead they found by chance;\n      To Winceburgh then, they march\u2019d that day\n      And form\u2019d a camp in regular way,\n      About eight miles from Edin. west,\n      Expecting to be \u2019ttack\u2019d in haste\n      By horse, cit\u2019zens and city-guard,\n      Who all for marching were prepar\u2019d,\n      Thinking, upon Corstorphin plain,\n      To give them battle they did intend:\n      But yet the Achans in the town\n      Advis\u2019d to lay all arms down.\n      Then Gen\u2019ral Guest to the castle went,\n      Perceiving what was their intent\n      With what arms and reg\u2019lars he had,\n      For nought they should not it invade.\n      When Charles found how all might be,\n      He marched on courageouslie,\n      Within two miles west from the town;\n      Then by Slateford took compass round,\n      By the south side of Burrow-muir,\n      Out of the castle\u2019s sight and power.\n      South from the city he camp\u2019d again,\n      While the surrender was made plain.\n      In the night, September the seventeen,\n      Into the city all marched in;\n      Which gave to many a sad surprize,\n      Rapping at their doors to make them rise:\n      The castle then struck round her clear,\n      None in its sight there durst appear.\n      They fix\u2019d a guard at the West-bow-head,\n      And the Weigh-house their Guard-house made,\n      Crowding it full, \u2019bove and below;\n      When this the Castle came to know,\n      Their half-moon-cannons \u2019gan to play:\n      Like mad-men then they ran away;\n      But such a _furich_ was never there,\n      As they tumbled headlong down the stair:\n      All in a haste got out together,\n      And riding one above another;\n      Each striving foremost for to get,\n      Their naked hips and noses met.\n      They centries kept at the West-port,\n      Which did afford the Castle sport:\n      As oftentimes they did let fly,\n      Made many on the streets to lye:\n      And also on the Castle-hill,\n      Sham sallies did them many kill:\n      Ev\u2019n for to draw them in the snare,\n      When they return\u2019d, pursu\u2019d they were,\n      Being unacquaint with such play,\n      They pop\u2019d them off both night and day.\n      Then tidings came in from Dunbar,\n      Of Gen\u2019ral Cope\u2019s arrival there\n      But twenty miles from Ed\u2019nburgh east,\n      Which made them all take arms in haste.\n      On the east side of Arthur\u2019s seat,\n      They rendezvouz\u2019d both small and great,\n      And call\u2019d a council what to do:\n      For ten miles east they had a view\n      Of all the coast to Aberlady,\n      And so for battle made all ready.\n\n        The Duke of Perth and great Lochiel\n      They chus\u2019d for ground, that rising fell\n      West from Tranent, up Brislie brae,\n      A view both South and North to ha\u2019e.\n      A few were left on Arthur\u2019s Seat,\n      Thinking the king\u2019s army to cheat.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. II.\n\n_Battle of Preston pans. Rebels return to Edinburgh, and behaviour\nthere._\n\n\n      Now, at Dunbar, both foot and horse\n      Were join\u2019d again, with full purpose,\n      The proud Pretender\u2019s force to try,\n      And all the Highland pow\u2019rs defy:\n      Commanded by Cope and fur\u2019ous Fowke,\n      Who, alas! their plan had quite mistook;\n      Though Loudon and Gard\u2019ner both were there,\n      They in council had, but little share:\n      For Cope he challeng\u2019d the sole command,\n      And Fowke was still at his demand.\n      A day\u2019s march made from Haddington,\n      Judg\u2019d great fatigue, four miles of ground.\n      Between Cow-canny and Tranent\n      There Cope encamp\u2019d, to council went,\n      Loudon and Gard\u2019ner were of a mind,\n      That night to fight were well design\u2019d:\n      Cope shamm\u2019d it till another day,\n      In hope \u2019twould prove a cheaper way:\n      \u201cOld men and boys, he said, would run,\n      \u201cSight of his army would them stun,\n      \u201cA rabble undisciplin\u2019d to fight,\n      \u201cThey neither have courage nor might.\n      \u201cThis day we\u2019ve march\u2019d enough, you\u2019ll grant,\n      \u201cT\u2019 morrow we\u2019ll make the rogues repent.\u201d\n      ---- With that the Highlanders appear\u2019d\n      (While Cope huzza\u2019d, mocked and jeer\u2019d)\n      On the hill top bewest Tranent,\n      All in good order, for battle bent.\n      Then Cope began to Cannonade,\n      So back behind the hill they fled,\n      Thought it too hard to face his shot,\n      As \u2019tween them lay a ditch or moat;\n      Their Chiefs in council quickly chose\n      On the east side Cope to enclose,\n      South, north and west, he was hemm\u2019d in,\n      No ways but one could at him win.\n\n        This was about the hour of two,\n      When first they did each other view.\n      The afternoon was fair and clear;\n      Yet Sir John Cope stopt all, we hear,\n      The fields are plain around Tranent,\n      Besouth the town grow whins and bent,\n      Where Charles kept his men secure,\n      Thinking on battle ev\u2019ry hour.\n      But, Cope to move no man could treat,\n      More than he had been Arthur\u2019s seat,\n      On which hillside he spy\u2019d some men,\n      And vow\u2019d they were the Rebel train,\n      Which was divided in parties two,\n      And on his rear in ambush drew;\n      For which the piece of ground he chus\u2019d,\n      As on all sides it was inclos\u2019d.\n      So under arms they stood all night,\n      Till break of day began the fight.\n      His troops indeed, none can deny,\n      Were form\u2019d in order gallantly;\n      The foot into the centre stood,\n      And cavalry, wings covered,\n      With each battalion was seen\n      Counter guards, cannons between.\n      All night he in this posture stood,\n      While Charlie in a bushy wood,\n      A little bewest of Seaton-town,\n      Picquets and spies went him around,\n      Lay undiscover\u2019d till break of day,\n      Then rouz\u2019d like lions for their prey,\n      In full brigades and oval form,\n      Upon Cope\u2019s front came as a storm,\n      The orders were not for to fire,\n      Until they came a little nigh\u2019r;\n      To sham the first fell to the ground,\n      By which means few receiv\u2019d a wound:\n      And ere they gave the other charge,\n      They on them with their sword and targe.\n      The furious Cam\u2019rons, led by Lochiel,\n      With hideous cries gave such a knell\n      As frighted both dragoons and horse,\n      They could not fight, but rore and curse:\n      And Sir John Cope, for all his might,\n      Went with the foremost out of sight.\n      Fierce Fowke, brave Hume and Loudon both,\n      For to be ta\u2019en that day were loth,\n      Few of the horsemen stood at all,\n      Woe to their conduct! worst of all;\n      For those who on the right wing stood,\n      A whole battalion over rode,\n      That kept the rear _Corps de garde_\n      Quite over them they headlong tread.\n      One thing they knew, they were inclos\u2019d,\n      And where to flee, was not dispos\u2019d:\n      They always sought the way they came,\n      Though in their face were sword and flame:\n      So when they got down to the sea,\n      Took east the coast most furiouslie:\n      And some through Preston vennal fled,\n      Then west by Mussleburgh they raid,\n      Up to the hills above Dalkeith,\n      O\u2019er Sutrae hill, then out of skaith,\n      In such a pannic, \u2019twas a shame,\n      Ran thirty miles, even to Coldstream,\n      And there to rest they would not yet;\n      But unto Berwick, next morning set,\n      Where all the fugitives did meet,\n      And Sir John Cope his cheeks did weet;\n      Because they swore he had sold them,\n      To fight nor flee he ne\u2019er told them.\n\n        The poor foot, left here, paid for all,\n      Not in fair battle, with powder and ball;\n      But horrid swords, of dreadful length,\n      So fast came on, with spite and strength,\n      Lochaber axes and rusty scythes,\n      Durks and daggers prick\u2019d their thighs:\n      Fix\u2019d bay\u2019nets had but little share\n      With the long shanked weapons there;\n      Although they kept together fast,\n      Their en\u2019mies close upon them prest;\n      And back to back long did they stand,\n      Till lost was many a head and hand.\n      Then after Gard\u2019ner\u2019s party\u2019s beat,\n      The whole of\u2019s horsemen clean defeat,\n      Himself on foot rejoic\u2019d to see\n      The brave lads fight so valiantly,\n      With no commander on their head,\n      To join that party swift he gade:\n      Although some wounds he\u2019d got before,\n      To lose the field his heart was sore.\n      Then all around he was enclos\u2019d,\n      Behind, before, fiercely oppos\u2019d,\n      With sword in hand he hew\u2019d his way,\n      While blood in streams did from him fly.\n      Ere him down on the field they got,\n      His head was clove, his body shot,\n      And being sep\u2019rate from the rest,\n      The battle sore upon him prest,\n      Ev\u2019n after he lay on the ground,\n      No mercy was unto him shown,\n      I mean by the rude vulgar core,\n      Yet gentlemen lamented sore;\n      Because he would no quarter have,\n      While they endeavour\u2019d \u2019s live to save.\n\n        One man he had, who by him staid,\n      Until he on the field was laid,\n      And then he fled to the Meadow-mill,\n      Where he acquainted was right well,\n      Thence in disguise return\u2019d again,\n      And bore him off, from \u2019mongst the slain.\n      His stately dwelling was near by;\n      But now he could not lift an eye,\n      His speech was laid, all hopes were gone\n      No signs of life, except a groan.\n      Of hours he liv\u2019d but very few,\n      \u201cA good Christi\u2019n and soldi\u2019r too,\u201d\n      This character he\u2019s left behind\n      Military men there\u2019s few of \u2019s kind.\n\n        The poor foot, on field, I can\u2019t forget,\n      Who now were caught as in a net,\n      From \u2019bove Cow-canny to Preston-dyke,\n      About a mile or near the like,\n      They were beat backward by the clans,\n      Along the crofts \u2019bove Preston-pans,\n      Till the high dyke held them again,\n      Where many taken were and slain;\n      Although they did for quarters cry,\n      The vulgar clans made this reply,\n      \u201cQuarters! you curst soldiers, mad,\n      \u201cIt is o\u2019er soon to go to bed.\u201d\n      Had not their officers and chiefs\n      Sprung in and begg\u2019d for their reliefs,\n      They had not left one living there:\n      For in a desp\u2019rate rage they were,\n      \u2019Cause many clans were hack\u2019d and slain;\n      Yet of their loss they let not ken:\n      For by the shot fell not a few,\n      And many with bay\u2019nets pierc\u2019d thro\u2019.\n      \u2019Bove three hundred lay on the field,\n      Fifteen hundred were forced to yield,\n      The rest with Cope got clear away.\n      And so ended this bloody fray,\n      Since call\u2019d the battle of Preston-pans,\n      Fought by John Cope and Charlie\u2019s clans,\n      September the twenty-first day,\n      Below Tranent a little way;\n      From Gladsmoor church two miles and more,\n      The place old Rhymer told long before,\n      \u201cThat between Seaton and the sea,\n      \u201cA dreadful morning there should be,\n      \u201cMeet in the morning lighted by the moon,\n      \u201cThe lion his wound here, heal shall not soon.\u201d\n      In Thomas\u2019 book of this you\u2019ll read,\n      Mention\u2019d by both Merlin and Bead.\n\n        Now, the field tents and warlike store\n      And cannons, which they\u2019d not before,\n      All fell into the conq\u2019rers hand,\n      Of arms many a hundred stand.\n\n        To Edinburgh then he did return,\n      His great triumph made many mourn.\n      Through Lothian then it was the way,\n      Whose man ye was ye durst not say.\n      Nor to what side you\u2019d wish good speed;\n      So critical were times indeed.\n      To Holyrood-house, great Charles then,\n      Went in with all his noblemen,\n      Being low out of the castle\u2019s view\n      There to him flocked not a few,\n      Who were in dread to come before;\n      But now they thought the conquest o\u2019er,\n      Rich presents were unto him sent,\n      And much time in gallanting spent.\n      His army here strove to recruit,\n      Large collections were contribute,\n      Taxes, cess, and all king\u2019s dues,\n      His orders no man durst refuse.\n      The whole country and neighbouring towns\n      Obediently sent in their pounds:\n      Horses and carts they did provide,\n      And men likewise these carts to guide.\n      Yet when of all he was prepar\u2019d,\n      Another hardship was declar\u2019d,\n      As they were \u2019bout to leave the land,\n      Six weeks cess before the hand,\n      They gave a charge for all to pay\n      Who dealt into the malting way,\n      Forthwith to raise this contribution\n      On pain of military execution.\n\n        This did the brewers exasp\u2019rate,\n      But to answer they knew not what.\n      An honest quaker brew\u2019d good ale,\n      Who never wanted a ready tale,\n      To him the brewers did apply,\n      For his good counsel what to say:\n      After that he had heard them speak,\n      \u201cYour speech, says he, does make me sick,\n      \u201cBy Yea and Nay, I think it\u2019s fit,\n      \u201cTo keep our money and pay with wit,\n      \u201cThough he\u2019s noble born, I do not lo\u2019e him;\n      \u201cYet ne\u2019ertheless I will go to him:\n      \u201cWere he all the earthly into one skin,\n      \u201cHe\u2019s but a lump of dust and sin,\n      \u201cIf I regard the face of clay,\n      \u201cTo morrow be my bury\u2019ng day:\n      \u201cHe\u2019s fenc\u2019d around with men and swords,\n      \u201cWhich I\u2019ll repel with simple words.\u201d\n\n        This honest quaker took his way,\n      And call\u2019d for Charles without delay,\n      I am a man who want to see him;\n      Because I have some bus\u2019ness wi\u2019 him.\n      Said one, You must tell that to me,\n      By Yea and Nay, thou art not he,\n      The tidings which I have to tell\n      Concerneth none but Charles himsell,\n      And if he\u2019ll not permit me in,\n      My mouth I\u2019ll shut and not begin:\n\n        Then at the door he entrance gat,\n      Yet neither mov\u2019d his hand or hat,\n      Says----\u201cCharles, man what dost thou mean?\n      \u201cThou sure are not this countries friend,\n      \u201cThou\u2019rt worse than all that came before thee,\n      \u201cAnd will make the country quite abhor thee,\n      \u201cThou\u2019rt worse than George for all his stents,\n      \u201cHe ne\u2019er before-hand charg\u2019d his rents;\n      \u201cBut gave six weeks to scrape it in;\n      \u201cThou car\u2019st not whether we lose or win;\n      \u201cWe may die, ere six weeks be past,\n      \u201cLook what thou do\u2019st, run not too fast.\u201d\n      Charles replies, \u201ca strait we\u2019re on;\n      \u201cBut \u2019gainst your wills, it sha\u2019n\u2019t be done.\u201d\n      _Then thank thee kindly for thy grant_,\n      And off he came as mild\u2019s a saint.\n\n\n[Illustration: A PLAN of the BATTLE of PRESTON.\n\n                              EAST SIDE.\n\n  Cow-canny                                             SEATON VILLAGE.\n  Village.\n                  The Highland Army all in one Column.\n\n                  ____________________________________\n                 /                                    \\\n\n                  3 Cannon.                   2 Cannon.\n                    | | |                        | |\n                  _________                   _________\n                  GARDNER\u2019S                    MONRO\u2019S\n                  Dragoons.                   Dragoons.\n\n                            ___________________\n                            The foot all in one\n                                 Column.\n\n                     | Any that                      A great  |\n  NORTH   The town   | fled, got      The Thorn-     DITCH    |   SOUTH\n  SIDE.   of Preston   through        Tree where     below    |   SIDE.\n          on the     | this           Gardner fell.  TRANENT. |\n          Sea-side.  | open.              \u2020                   |\n\n              ________________________________________\n\n                      The Park-dyke to which\n                      they were driven back.           | Colonel   |\n                                                       | Gardner\u2019s |\n                                                       | House.    |\n\n                              WEST SIDE.\n]\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. III.\n\n_Their March into England. Taking of Carlisle. Rout through England\nand retreat back._\n\n\n      Then, taking leave of Edinr, they\n      Unto Dalkeith all march\u2019d away,\n      First of November camped there,\n      And then for England did prepare.\n      Short time they in that camp did stay,\n      Till south they went the nearest way.\n      At Kelso town they pass\u2019d the Tweed,\n      And west the Border went with speed:\n      By Jedburgh and through Liddisdale,\n      They spread themselves o\u2019er hill and vale:\n      And some by Moffat took their route;\n      Although it was some miles about.\n      In this order they march\u2019d along,\n      Only about sev\u2019n thousand strong.\n      Chief in command was duke of Perth,\n      And Lord George Murray of noble birth;\n      Lord Elcho son to the Earl of Wemyss,\n      Col\u2019nel of the Life-guard it seems;\n      The Earl Kilmarnock, in this cause,\n      Commanded those they call\u2019d Hussars;\n      Lord Pitsligo gen\u2019ral of the horse,\n      With Lords Nairn and Ogilvie there was;\n      Bold Balmarino and brave Dundee,\n      MacDonald th\u2019 aid de\u2019 camp was he:\n      Sheridan too, and Sullivan,\n      By birth an Irish gentleman:\n      The squire of Broughton his secret keeper,\n      Who got the name of _bosom-viper_:\n      Besides the worthy brave Lochiel,\n      Other Chiefs I have not room to tell.\n\n        At the English border they did unite,\n      All in a body their troops complete,\n      Near Canabie in Liddisdale\n      They enter\u2019d Cumberland in hail.\n      Then did assault the fort Carlisle,\n      Which did hold out but little while.\n      Having friends within and round about,\n      Long to resist they seem\u2019d unstout.\n      The town and castle both they got\n      Call\u2019d England\u2019s KEY, an useful spot.\n      At Carlisle he did leave a band\n      The town and fort for to command,\n      From thence to Penrith did proceed,\n      And then for Kendal march\u2019d with speed:\n      To Lancaster they came indeed,\n      Which news put England in great dread;\n      To Proud-preston and Manchester\n      They still advanc\u2019d withouten fear,\n      Being join\u2019d by none of English train,\n      But five hundred Lancaster men,\n      Which to him was of small effect;\n      For hard marching made them to ake,\n      And miss\u2019d their dinner many a day,\n      Made them, repenting, sigh and say\n      \u201cWoe worth the Scots; for they can feed\n      \u201cOn drinking water and eating bread:\n      \u201cTheir irony soles do never tire\n      \u201cOn stony ground, dub or mire.\n      \u201cBeef or pudding they never mind:\n      \u201cThem Scots can live on _snuffing wind_,\n      \u201cFor me, my belly clings to my back,\n      \u201cSince I have join\u2019d this hellish pack.\n      \u201cIf in this state all soldiers be,\n      \u201cThe dev\u2019l be soldi\u2019r again for me.\u201d\n      ---- To such hard frets thus driven were\n      Poor hungry Toms, of Lancashire:\n      For in all haste they marched up,\n      At Manchester they made a stop;\n      Here his faithful Clans perceiv\u2019d and saw,\n      That English vows were nought at a\u2019;\n      Some kind enough; but no way friendly:\n      Only through terror they acted meanly.\n      Said the Scots Chiefs, \u201cWe blinded be,\n      \u201cThat\u2019s come far from our own countrie.\n      \u201cAs friends, indeed, some English own us;\n      \u201cBut if once defeat, they\u2019d set upon us.\n      \u201cFrance and England, by perjurie,\n      \u201cWill be our ruin, we clearly see:\n      \u201cThey\u2019ve charm\u2019d us out as working tools,\n      \u201cNow use us as a band of fools,\n      \u201cEngland to Whiggism is inclin\u2019d,\n      \u201cAnd with the Georgian house combin\u2019d;\n      \u201cThey cry, _Oppression_, from high to low:\n      \u201cYet _Redeeming-time_ they do not know.\n      \u201c\u2019Gainst Acts and Tax on ev\u2019ry trade:\n      \u201cThey\u2019re all bewitch\u2019d, and we\u2019re mislead:\n      \u201cHere in a trap betwixt two fires,\n      \u201cAnd what we\u2019ll do counsel requires.\n      \u201cThe Duke before and Wade behind,\n      \u201cAnd where now shelter can we find?\u201d\n\n        Then Charles, hearing all this, said,\n      With heart full sore he answer made,\n      \u201cMy Lords and Gentlemen (said he),\n      \u201cOur case is bad, I plainly see;\n      \u201cBut all\u2019s not lost that\u2019s in a peril,\n      \u201cKind providence can ease the quarrel.\n      \u201cBoth French and English have betray\u2019d us;\n      \u201cBut I trust a better hand will guide us:\n      \u201cOn Preston field, ye all well ken,\n      \u201cWe found the English there but men.\n      \u201cI trust in field they\u2019re no more here,\n      \u201cThough thrice our number should appear:\n      \u201cCould we pass the Duke without a blow,\n      \u201cAnd with all speed to London go,\n      \u201cOur friends there would so well assist,\n      \u201cThat en\u2019mies were of small request.\n      \u201cThat stalward Duke\u2019s so fierce and keen,\n      \u201cWere he defeat, \u2019twould end the scene,\n      \u201cAnd give aspects another face,\n      \u201cWhich we can\u2019t do in such a case;\n      \u201cFor if here defeat, then all is lost;\n      \u201cBattle avoid we surely must,\n      \u201cI trust the French to come by sea;\n      \u201cBut where can their invasion be?\n      \u201cIf at sea indeed they have been check\u2019d\n      \u201cIt damps our hope; but does not wreck\u2019t.\n      \u201cThen let\u2019s push on and do our best;\n      \u201cKind providence make out the rest!\u201d\n\n        Then proclaiming his father there,\n      As done in ev\u2019ry town elsewhere,\n      In form, all market towns he past,\n      To Staffordshire he came at last:\n      Where the Duke\u2019s army lay \u2019fore him\n      Well prepar\u2019d for to devour him.\n      He here to fight had no desire,\n      Took east the muirs for Derbyshire,\n      Directed his rout by th\u2019 town of Leek,\n      Left Cumberland to claw his cheek:\n      Kept south by east to Derby town,\n      In full career for London boun\u2019:\n      But there receiv\u2019d intelligence,\n      His friends to rise had now no chance,\n      The Georgian party was so strong,\n      And mixt in each place them among,\n      No assembling could be together,\n      Nor word of French ships coming hither.\n      The south coast all was guarded round,\n      An English fleet cruis\u2019d up and down;\n      And through each county in the south lands\n      Militia swarm\u2019d, like locust-bands.\n\n        These tidings put him in great fear,\n      But for to flee, he knew not where.\n      They all in council did agree,\n      Backward for Scotland then to flee.\n      This did the vulgar sore chagreen,\n      To plunder London that were keen.\n\n        When Cumberland perceived this,\n      He form\u2019d a plan was not amiss,\n      To intercept \u2019em in Lancashire:\n      But how he miss\u2019d you may admire.\n      Wade on the north, was marching to him.\n      The Duke behind, did still pursue him.\n      One Oglethorpe upon his right,\n      With a thousand hunters all in flight:\n      Yet he, still his way did keep,\n      Through Derby town and Ashburn peak:\n      Which towns indeed for rash proceeding,\n      Were badly paid for what was needing,\n      When they perceived their flight was back,\n      Quite contrary was their kind act,\n      For all the praise they got before,\n      They now were savages and more.\n\n        December the fourth, they turn\u2019d about,\n      Out of England they took their rout,\n      At Derby town they staid two nights,\n      To get in superscription writes,\n      Form\u2019d by an English party there,\n      Which made that town and country bare,\n      And furnish, at an easy price,\n      A vast of things for their supplies.\n      When to Manchester back they came,\n      Their usage there was much the same:\n      And for their using them that way,\n      Two thousand Sterling were made t\u2019 pay,\n      To save the plund\u2019ring of the town;\n      Paid when the kingdom was his own.\n      So north they came to Wigan then,\n      Next day they did Proud Preston gain.\n      The Duke behind him but a day,\n      Ride as they will he kept his way.\n      And could not gain a mile upon \u2019em,\n      Tho\u2019 stout hors\u2019d, they did outrun \u2019em.\n      From Preston on the thirteenth day,\n      Early at morn he march\u2019d away.\n      No sooner had they quit these towns,\n      Than Oglethorpe with Wade\u2019s dragoons\n      Enter\u2019d just at the other end,\n      To give them chase they did intend;\n      But being fatigu\u2019d, chose rest a while.\n      In three days they march\u2019d a hundred mile,\n      Through ice and hills cover\u2019d with snow,\n      Across Yorkshire as they did go,\n      With full intent to intercept him\n      And at Proud Preston thought to kep him,\n      They had no footmen here, \u2019tis true,\n      But royal hunters not a few,\n      Who were so keen in battle rage,\n      On foot they offer\u2019d to engage,\n      Being zealous youths of gentle fame,\n      Who, by fighting thought to gain a name.\n      And as they were to march again,\n      A false alarm gave them pain,\n      That French invaded had the south,\n      Which passed for a certain truth:\n      Such tidings from Duke William came,\n      Who actually believ\u2019d the same,\n      And stopt his forces for a day,\n      Till Charles was got out of the way.\n      And Orders sent to Oglethorpe\n      To come to him with all his troop:\n      As soon as he the Duke had join\u2019d,\n      The news prov\u2019d such as _Jacks_ had coin\u2019d.\n      Then Oglethorpe he got command,\n      To go in chace of Charlie\u2019s band,\n      And, if possible, get before him,\n      While he behind would soon devour him.\n      But, on the fifteenth, I understand,\n      Charles reach\u2019d Kendal in Westmoreland,\n      Now thinking that the chace was over,\n      Slacked his march; but did discover\n      The English bloody flag behind,\n      And colours waving in the wind.\n      To range their rear they were not slow,\n      But the front, of this they did not know.\n      At the village Clifton, in Westmoreland,\n      They prudently pitch\u2019d out a stand,\n      At a Quaker\u2019s house stood near the way,\n      Which rous\u2019d his sp\u2019rit \u2019bove Yea and Nay:\n      Behind the hedges, walls and lones,\n      Where unperceiv\u2019d they stood as stones.\n      The eighteenth day of dark December,\n      In Forty Five, you\u2019ll this remember,\n      After the setting of the sun,\n      Just as Black night was coming on,\n      The King\u2019s dragoons and Kingston\u2019s horse\n      Came prancing up, at unawares.\n      A volley shot out thro\u2019 the hedge,\n      Full on their flank did them engage,\n      Which in confusion did them throw,\n      And through the hedge they could not go.\n      Brave gen\u2019ral Bland commanded here\n      Who quickly caused his troops retire;\n      For had they more such volleys got,\n      Few had returned from the spot.\n      Young Honeywood was wounded sore,\n      The Duke, enrag\u2019d, then highly swore\n      That he\u2019d revenged be that night,\n      Or die before the morning light:\n      Yet counsell\u2019d was for to desist;\n      For ambuscades were hard to trust,\n      So the pursuit he did delay,\n      Till near about the break of day:\n      Brave men and horse lay on the field,\n      Tho\u2019 both the sides did flee and yield:\n      Yet this check Charles\u2019 end did gain,\n      For he that night wou\u2019d been o\u2019erta\u2019en:\n      Lord Elcho and Murray form\u2019d that plan,\n      And did the party here command,\n      Not without loss, I truly say;\n      On both sides dead and wounded lay.\n      Few Highlanders did come to blows,\n      Till thro\u2019 the hedge some horsemen goes,\n      And did engage with sword in hand;\n      But made nought of it with the Clan,\n      Who did come on in numbers thick,\n      And horse and men did hough and prick.\n      \u2019Bout twenty five lay on the field,\n      And thirty wounded fled for bield,\n      With gen\u2019ral Bland they rode away\n      Toward the Duke, who heard the fray\n      And came the battle to renew;\n      But in the dark it would not do.\n      Of Highlanders, as I heard say,\n      But fourteen on the field there lay.\n      George Hamilton of Stewart\u2019s reg\u2019ment,\n      As prisoner he did consent,\n      After a stout resistance made,\n      And deeply wounded in the head,\n      Cut by an Austrian Hussar,\n      Who serv\u2019d the Duke during this war.\n      Then from the field they fled in haste,\n      And to Penrith at midnight past,\n      Where the main body was come before,\n      Which spread the alarm more and more;\n      Dreading th\u2019 English did yet pursue,\n      Then all out of the town they flew.\n      Good for Penrith it happen\u2019d so,\n      Or next morn had been a day of woe:\n      They vow\u2019d in ashes it to lay\n      For what they\u2019d done the other day,\n      To those who plunder\u2019d Lowther-hall.\n      And Penrith guards did on them fall,\n      Beat and broke them, and some slew,\n      And some they into prison threw:\n      The rest into Carlisle did run,\n      As from that fortress they had come,\n      The while that Charles was in the south,\n      Wanting something to taste their mouth,\n      A foraging they came about,\n      Only a small band in a scout,\n      And Penrith guards upon them fell\n      So Charles by chance of it heard tell:\n      Perth vow\u2019d revenge, in dreadful ire,\n      A recompense with sword and fire;\n      But when such hurry on them came,\n      They minded nought but up and ran.\n      As one behind another did stand,\n      He cries, _Furich tere be Cumberland_.\n      Dark was the night and rough the way,\n      Carlisle they reach\u2019d by break of day:\n      There\u2019s sixteen miles between these towns,\n      But the weak and weari\u2019d, left in wounds,\n      Were all catched on the next day,\n      By their fierce foes coming that way,\n      About an hundred men or more,\n      And badly us\u2019d you may be sure.\n      Being into loathsome jails confin\u2019d\n      But poorly kept and badly din\u2019d.\n\n        The Duke to Penrith came next day,\n      On the twentieth at Hasket lay,\n      Being then within twelve short mile\n      Of the strong fortress of Carlisle.\n      And hearing the Scots were safely there,\n      To follow hard he took no care:\n      Upon his rear thought fit to rest,\n      And counsel call\u2019d to do what\u2019s best.\n      On the twenty-second they marched on\n      But finding that the Scots were gone,\n      All but a few who did pretend,\n      The town and castle to defend.\n      Who there were left, I understan\u2019,\n      By sole advice of Sullivan,\n      (Of Irish birth although he be)\n      The cowardliest of the company.\n      Unlike was he to Blakeney\u2019s blood;\n      For Irishmen are soldiers good,\n      Will fight for what they take in hand,\n      Abroad or yet in native land.\n      This Sullivan he did pretend,\n      They would the English so suspend,\n      That they should come no further north\n      Till Scots had join\u2019d their friends on Forth.\n      And Hamilton from Aberdeen\n      To guard the place appear\u2019d so keen;\n      Had they stood on but for a day,\n      As open to the north it lay,\n      Which was Perth, Murray and Elcho\u2019s plan,\n      In it they need not lost a man,\n      They might at ev\u2019ning issued out,\n      And ev\u2019ry one been out of doubt:\n      Through boasted courage and hot zeal,\n      For a month, said, they would not fail,\n      Cannon, powder and wealth of balls,\n      Very strong gates and stately walls:\n      As in despair, they did pretend,\n      It to the last they would defend.\n      Lancashire reg\u2019ment chus\u2019d there to \u2019bide,\n      For to keep the fort were not afraid:\n      The English gate of iron and oak,\n      For fear with cannon it should be broke\n      They built it up with stones within,\n      And swore the de\u2019il should not come in;\n      Unless that he got wings to fly,\n      And all by oaths would do or die.\n\n        This being done, Charles and his men\n      For Scotland marched back again,\n      By the Langtown on Esk\u2019s side,\n      The water swoln, not by the tide,\n      But a mighty current from the hills\n      Made all to stop against their wills.\n      And then to fly they knew not where,\n      North, south and west, inclosed were.\n      And though Carlisle lay on their rear,\n      They knew not but the English were\n      Hard behind them on the pursuit,\n      By only going six miles about,\n      To a bridge lies near Brampton town,\n      And on the north side to come down,\n      Whereof they had great fear and dread;\n      Which put them to this desp\u2019rate deed,\n      The fords they tried which were too strong,\n      Horse of more strength and legs more long\n      They would require at such a place,\n      And there to stay great danger was.\n\n        They chus\u2019d a swamp above a ford,\n      And in they plung\u2019d with one accord,\n      The horse went first and swim\u2019d half thro\u2019,\n      Foot at their tails they forward drew,\n      Who hung together with arms a-cleek,\n      Tho\u2019 floods went over head and cheek:\n      And those who were of stature low,\n      Hard was their lot in wading so,\n      Their powder clothes and arms wet,\n      This was the bath these poor men gat.\n      Not one shot was preserved dry,\n      But these that did on horseback ly:\n      They in the water plung\u2019d so fast,\n      That many lost their grips at last,\n      And tumbling, went off with the stream,\n      Down went their heads, up came their wame:\n      Though people stood on ev\u2019ry shore,\n      Alas! their lives were now no more.\n      Both men and women were wash\u2019d away,\n      Into the firth of Sollaway.\n      And some at Bowness were cast out,\n      At Annan-foot and thereabout.\n\n        To Gretna, and Annan they march away,\n      Thence to Dumfries on the next day,\n      And charg\u2019d a ransom off that town,\n      Or else to plunder they were boun\u2019:\n      Two thousand Sterling made them pay,\n      And carried hostages away\n      When cash failed them, to the North,\n      To join their friends upon the Forth.\n\n\n[Illustration: A PLAN of the BATTLE of CLIFTON-MUIR.\n\n                               NORTH SIDE.\n\n                           |                   |\n                           |                   |\n         The other Party   | Bland\u2019s Dragoons, | A Party\n         in Ambush unseen, | Hussars and       | behind the  \u2302\u2302\n         who gave them     | Light-horse,        Village     \u2302\u2302\n  WEST   a close Fire      | on the High-way     at the             EAST\n  SIDE.  through the       | between two       | Quaker\u2019s           SIDE.\n         Hedges.           | Hedges.           | House.\n                           |                   |\n                           |                   |\n\n                                The Duke\u2019s\n                                Army three\n                                Miles behind.\n\n                                SOUTH SIDE.\n]\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. IV.\n\n_Retaking of Carlisle by Cumberland. His return to London. Battle\nof Inverurie. The Rebels march from Dumfries by Glasgow to\nStirling._\n\n\n      December, on the twenty-two,\n      The English round Carlisle they drew,\n      On south west side fix\u2019d on a place\n      Which opposite the castle was.\n      The Duke all round it took a view,\n      And of the castle had no brow,\n      It seem\u2019d to him like a dung hill,\n      Or like a German old brick kiln:\n      But yet their cannon play\u2019d right smart,\n      Which caus\u2019d them from the hills depart.\n      To capit\u2019late the terms they crav\u2019d,\n      Were, _T\u2019 march with honour away to leav\u2019t_.\n\n        The Duke reply\u2019d, \u201cThat is a due\n      \u201cNe\u2019er given to any rebel crew;\n      \u201cBut ne\u2019ertheless take it I shall,\n      \u201cEither with honour or not at all.\u201d\n      Then in the dark time of the night,\n      He caus\u2019d lay down, to cloud their sight,\n      Loads of straw and ricks of hay;\n      There dig\u2019d a trench of turf and clay:\n      But batt\u2019ring cannon he had none,\n      But small field guns to mount thereon;\n      Till from Whitehav\u2019n, thirty miles away,\n      Drove heavy cannon on it to lay.\n      As soon as they began to fire,\n      They beat the walls as low as mire,\n      And made a breach both broad and wide,\n      In the castle wall on the west side;\n      To enter there, began to form,\n      And take the fort by bloody storm.\n      No quarters they propos\u2019d to give,\n      Put all to death, not one to live;\n      When this they saw, without all doubt,\n      A flag of mercy they hung out;\n      But all that could obtained be,\n      Was pris\u2019ners at the King\u2019s mercy.\n      From thence they were to London sent,\n      Where heads and hearts were from them rent\n      Some executed in that place,\n      And members dash\u2019d into their face,\n      Their very hearts cut out alive,\n      Such butch\u2019ry\u2019s horrid to descrive.\n      Many of the commons banish\u2019d were\n      To plantations, I know not where,\n      John Hamilton the governor,\n      His head, from off his body shore,\n      Fix\u2019d on a pole on the Scots-port,\n      Scots for the future to exhort,\n      By viewing the spectacles were there,\n      Against rebellion to have a care.\n      Two Lancashire men\u2019s heads also,\n      On th\u2019 English gate fixt as a show,\n      Whom they did English rebels call,\n      A proof Scots are not rebels all;\n      I only show there\u2019s part of both,\n      And for their fate, I say, \u201cOh, hogh!\u201d\n      A dreadful sight for human eyes,\n      For to behold such sacrifice\n      \u2019Mong Christian people, as I think,\n      At what I\u2019ve seen my heart does shrink;\n      When I view the place and on it ponder,\n      The bloody butch\u2019ry that\u2019s been yonder,\n      I mean in the streets of Carlisle,\n      The mangling that was there a while.\n      Of such like acts I\u2019ll say no more,\n      But follow the subject just before.\n\n        The Duke forthwith to London went,\n      And gen\u2019ral Hawly to Scotland sent,\n      Who round by Berwick took his rout,\n      Near a full hundred miles about,\n      Ev\u2019n by Newcastle and Dunbar,\n      It must be own\u2019d the stretch was far,\n      Before he came to E\u2019nburgh town\n      Fatigu\u2019d were both foot and dragoon.\n\n        While Charles did through England pass,\n      Lord Loudon lay at Inverness,\n      And with him did two thousand men\n      To keep in awe the Highland Clan:\n      For several lairds their Clans did raise,\n      And some took part in both the ways;\n      Others kept them in their own bounds,\n      For preservation of their grounds,\n      And when Duke William gain\u2019d the day,\n      It was for him, they then did say;\n      But if Charles had chanc\u2019d to prevail\n      Some think they\u2019d told another tale.\n      Yet Loudon to King George was true,\n      And by his conduct did subdue\n      Many who were as foes inclin\u2019d,\n      And kept them in a neutral mind.\n      The Frazers\u2019 clan he drove away,\n      Who around Fort Augustus lay,\n      Commanded by lord Lovat\u2019s son,\n      He made them from that fort to run.\n      Lord Lewis Gordon lay from him south,\n      With lord John Drummond, a furious youth,\n      And brother to the Duke of Perth,\n      Who wish\u2019d Loudon sent off the earth,\n      And under their command, it seems,\n      Was the French Regiment de Fitz James,\n      With Clan\u2019s rais\u2019d on the northern shore,\n      About three thousand men or more,\n      Kept Aberdeen, Perth, and Dundee,\n      And all the low towns by the sea:\n      The fierce MacLeod lay west from them,\n      Who on George\u2019s side had rais\u2019d his men,\n      Intending to take Aberdeen,\n      Knowing that Gordon lay therein,\n      He as far as Inverurie came,\n      In hopes next day to reach the same;\n      But Gordon of this was aware,\n      And for to meet him did prepare,\n      But march\u2019d his men another way,\n      As tho\u2019 he would not on him stay.\n      West from the road he took his rout,\n      Altho\u2019 it was some miles about,\n      Kept hollow ways not to be seen,\n      Where woods and planting did him screen,\n      And \u2019bout the setting of the sun,\n      He spy\u2019d them entering the town.\n      A halt he made, judg\u2019d what to do,\n      Of\u2019s being there they nothing knew.\n      Much like his own their number seem\u2019d,\n      Then for to fight, it best he deem\u2019d:\n      And what favour\u2019d his notion more,\n      He saw them billoting, a score\n      Or more into each country town,\n      At two miles distance all around.\n      When the full half of them were gone,\n      He thought it time to draw them on,\n      In full brigade at the town\u2019s end,\n      Before MacLeod ought of him _kend_:\n      The first intelligence some got\n      Was by the rattling of the shot.\n      Confus\u2019d he was in this sad case\n      His men dispers\u2019d, and few to face.\n      The foes assault, upon the hill\n      He rallied them near to the mill.\n      They fir\u2019d full brisk on every side;\n      Yet Gordon\u2019s force was hard to _bide_,\n      They being to arms bred in France,\n      Knew how to retreat, and to advance.\n      MacLeod\u2019s men, in number few,\n      Quite raw and undisciplin\u2019d too,\n      Lost nearly twenty upon the spot,\n      And forty fled gall\u2019d by the shot.\n      The laird himself, to end the matter,\n      Did fly and could not make it better.\n      His men in crowds came running in,\n      Crying, _Master did ye loss or win?_\n      But for to rally in such a _stour_,\n      He had no time, might, or power;\n      The darksome night was coming on,\n      And his best men lay dead and gone,\n      Or wounded, they before him fled:\n      While Gordon brisk advancing made,\n      Whose loss that night was not heard tell,\n      Alledging that none of them fell;\n      He gained the field and town, \u2019tis true,\n      But yet \u2019twas judg\u2019d he lost a few,\n      Whom they did bury in the night,\n      To keep their losses out of sight.\n\n        This bloody battle, as they say,\n      Was fought the night before _Yuil_ day,\n      At the end of Inverurie town,\n      Led on by Gordon and Drummond,\n      Against MacLeod and all his Clan,\n      Who did not well concert the plan:\n      Spreading his men so far a _breed_,\n      Was nothing like a martial deed:\n      For the one half they overthrew,\n      Before the other ought on\u2019t knew.\n      It was a trick of war ye _ken_\n      For making them more wise again;\n      No sooner Gordon got the town,\n      Than centries plac\u2019d were all aroun\u2019,\n      Who kept patrolling through the night,\n      Lest MacLeod shou\u2019d renew the fight;\n      But to the hills he did proceed,\n      There to bewail his luckless deed.\n      Gordon return\u2019d to Aberdeen\n      Rejoicing he\u2019d victorious been,\n      From thence to Stirling got his rout,\n      To join his Prince when thereabout.\n\n        When from Dumfries they came away,\n      Hamilton they reach\u2019d on the next day;\n      Knowing no danger then before them,\n      They levied all things fit to store them,\n      As horse, of which they had great need,\n      Many of them being rode to dead.\n      Of meat and drink they spier\u2019d no price;\n      But little harm did otherwise,\n      Save changing shoes when brogues were spent,\n      For victuals sure they could not want.\n      To Glasgow they came the next day,\n      In a very poor forlorn way,\n      The shot was rusted in the gun,\n      Their swords from scabbards would not twin,\n      Their count\u2019nance fierce as a wild bear,\n      Out o\u2019er their eyes hang down their hair,\n      Their very thighs red tanned quite;\n      But yet as nimble as they\u2019d been white;\n      Their beards were turned black and brown,\n      The like was ne\u2019er seen in that town,\n      Some of them did barefooted run,\n      Minded no mire nor stony groun\u2019;\n      But when shav\u2019n, drest and cloth\u2019d again\n      They turn\u2019d to be like other men.\n      Eight days they did in Glasgow rest,\n      Until they were all cloth\u2019d and drest:\n      And though they on the best o\u2019t fed,\n      The town they under tribute laid,\n      Ten thousand Sterling made it pay,\n      For being of the Georgian way,\n      Given in goods and ready cash,\n      Or else to stand a plundering lash:\n      And \u2019cause they did Militia raise,\n      They were esteem\u2019d as mortal faes:\n      For being oppos\u2019d to _Jacobites_,\n      They plainly call\u2019d them _Whiggonites_.\n      But, for peace sake, to get them clear,\n      Of ev\u2019ry thing they furnish\u2019d were,\n      A printing Press and two workmen\n      To print their journals as they ran.\n\n        From Glasgow then they took their rout,\n      Lochiel he led his Clan about\n      By Cumbernauld, another way,\n      Lest Kir\u2019ntilloch they should repay,\n      Which had killed two of their Clan,\n      That a spulzieing unto it came;\n      As they were passing through the town,\n      They by the rabble were knock\u2019d down,\n      For which the place was taxed sore,\n      And dreaden much \u2019twould suffer more.\n      Near Stirling then, they all did meet,\n      Summon\u2019d the town for to submit,\n      Militia therein were quartered,\n      And the townsmen also, armed,\n      Who did defend a day or two;\n      But found their force it would not do:\n      Though a good wall both stout and strong,\n      Lay on the south where they came on;\n      Yet \u2019tween the water and the town\n      It lay quite open, halfway roun\u2019.\n      The bridge was cut on the south side,\n      The water deep they could not wade;\n      Their nearest pass was at the Frew,\n      Full four miles west and in their view.\n      Four thousand lay on the north side,\n      Threat\u2019ning the town whate\u2019er betide.\n      Glasgow Militia had left the place,\n      And to met Hawley at Ed\u2019nbro\u2019 was.\n      Militia they had; but not enew,\n      Such duty was too hard to do.\n      Those who did ly on the north hand,\n      Were not of those were in England;\n      But with Lord Lewis Gordon came,\n      Brother to th\u2019 Duke of that same name,\n      Which he had raised in the north,\n      Help\u2019d by lord John, brother to Perth,\n      Who did command Fitz-James\u2019s horse,\n      That came from France into Montrose:\n      Most of their riders Irish and Scots,\n      Nat\u2019rally bent to join such plots,\n      Inclin\u2019d to love the Stewart race,\n      Whose fathers did that side embrace.\n      These foresaid Lords most active were,\n      Both men and money to prepare,\n      And would have rais\u2019d some thousands more,\n      Had but six thousand French came o\u2019er,\n      Which, time from time, they promised;\n      But the seas were too well guarded.\n      Lord Loudon lay into the north,\n      Long way beyond the Murray firth,\n      Twenty sev\u2019n hundred men had he,\n      Which made the Frazer\u2019s Clan to flee,\n      When Fort Augustus they did besiege;\n      Yet in open field would not engage.\n      Likewise MacLeods, Grants and Munroes,\n      Against the Stewarts in arms rose:\n      The Sutherlands and name of Gun,\n      To arms did against them run.\n      Sir Duncan Forbes, Lord president,\n      Caus\u2019d many rise by his consent.\n      Thus, in the north, I you assure,\n      There was an army of great pow\u2019r,\n      All upon the Georgian side,\n      Beside what was besouth the Clyde,\n      Who all in arms there did unite,\n      Unto the cause with noble sp\u2019rit.\n      Also the brave men of Argyle,\n      Who were preparing all the while;\n      But could not find safe passage east,\n      Until they were from Glasgow past:\n      And then they went by Airdrie town,\n      When Hawley was through Lothian come,\n      Him join\u2019d at Ed\u2019nburgh where they lay\n      Preparing for the battle day;\n      Glasgow and Paisley troops were there,\n      To serve king George free volunteer.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. V.\n\n_Siege of Stirling Castle. Battle of Falkirk._\n\n\n      Now as Charles around Stirling lay,\n      To surrender they did give way,\n      All but brave Blakney, who withdrew\n      Into the Castle, with those thought true,\n      Who chose with him the siege to stand\n      To their life\u2019s end, with sword in hand.\n      His stores, indeed, were ill laid in,\n      S\u2019 unexpected it did begin,\n      No time had they for to provide,\n      Charles being so long on their south side.\n      Their ammunition too was small,\n      No stock of powder, nor yet of ball;\n      Yet all encouragement he gave\n      To those who\u2019d help the Fort to save:\n      His endeavours he spared not\n      To find such stores as could be got:\n      And all he thought of use to be,\n      Were welcome to his companie:\n      And those who fearful were to stay\n      Freely got leave to go away;\n      Th\u2019 unloyal he charg\u2019d not to \u2019tend it;\n      For to the last he would defend it.\n\n        Summons he got for to surrender;\n      But answer made, \u201cHe was defender,\n      \u201cIntrusted by king George command,\n      \u201cTo which, he vow\u2019d, he\u2019d firmly stand.\u201d\n\n        Then to assault they did prepare,\n      Milit\u2019ry engines erected there,\n      Cannon from th\u2019 other side the Forth,\n      Which had been landed in the north.\n      British cannons lost at Fount\u2019noy,\n      Came home this Fort for to destroy.\n      To raise a trench, in haste they got,\n      As near the walls as pistol shot,\n      On the east side, on a hill top,\n      To breach the wall it was their hope:\n      And then by storm they did pretend,\n      Of all within to make an end:\n      But at this instant Hawley came,\n      Which put a stop to their fierce aim.\n\n        Then all their force together drew,\n      Those in the north past at the Frew;\n      Near by Torwood they rendezvouz\u2019d,\n      Where Hawley\u2019s camp, afar they view\u2019d,\n      Hard by Falkirk, on the north side,\n      The English banners were display\u2019d.\n      From th\u2019 banks of Carron they had in view,\n      All passes where they could come thro\u2019:\n      Ev\u2019n from Forth side up to the hills;\n      But high presumption their courage fills,\n      As they were arm\u2019d in such a case,\n      The rebel Scots would not them face:\n      And as in scorn did them deride,\n      So to advance did slow proceed:\n      And spent their time in vain delay\n      Ev\u2019n the forepart of th\u2019 battle-day.\n\n        While Charlie, with much active care,\n      His res\u2019lute troops did well prepare:\n      From Torwood-head they issu\u2019d down\n      To the south side, on rising groun\u2019.\n      Cross\u2019d Carron at Dunnipace mill.\n      By foot of Bonny took th\u2019 hill,\n      And still he kep\u2019t a sharp look out,\n      In hopes that Hawley would take th\u2019 rout;\n      As in his camp sure news he had\n      From\u2019s out-guard posts who there had fled.\n\n        Mean time the Highlanders gain\u2019d th\u2019 hill,\n      Wind on their back just at their will.\n      Hawley\u2019s camp it was alarmed;\n      But he himself could not be had:\n      Chief orders then they could get none,\n      Which caused some confusion,\n      And when that Hawley did appear,\n      He\u2019d not believe they were so near.\n      Husk form\u2019d his men and took the hill,\n      The horsemen also march\u2019d there-till,\n      Glasgow and Paisley volunteers,\n      Eager to fight, it so appears,\n      With the dragoons advanc\u2019d in form,\n      Who \u2019mong the first did feel the storm.\n      The Highlanders, seeing their zeal,\n      Their highland vengeance pour\u2019d like hail,\n      On red coats they some pity had,\n      But \u2019gainst Militia were raging mad.\n      Cob\u2019s dragoons they southmost stood;\n      But gain a flank they never cou\u2019d:\n      For Murray led on the front line,\n      And kept them both from flank and wind:\n      Some time was spent these points to gain;\n      But all the struggle prov\u2019d in vain.\n      Gardner\u2019s and Monroe\u2019s were next,\n      On worse ground troopers could not fix;\n      I don\u2019t mean as to th\u2019 en\u2019mies fire;\n      But on their front a boggie mire,\n      Which in th\u2019 attack the horse confounded,\n      And they on all sides were surrounded;\n      Next to them the volunteers,\n      Between the foot and Grenadiers.\n      Some reg\u2019ments coming up the hill,\n      And as they came, they formed still.\n\n        The Highlanders in columns three,\n      Came moving on couragiouslie,\n      With loud huzzas on every side,\n      Their bloody banners were display\u2019d,\n      The front line only three men deep,\n      They in reserve the rest did keep:\n      Their plaids in heaps were left behind,\n      Light to run if need they find:\n      And on they came with a goodwill,\n      At the _dog-trot_, adown the hill.\n      At Cob\u2019s dragoons the first rank fir\u2019d:\n      But rear and centre were desir\u2019d\n      To keep their fire, and then to pour\u2019t\n      Into their face, while front in _scourd_\n      With sword in hand, (as they intended)\n      This was design\u2019d them to defend it.\n      So near their front at flight they came,\n      They turned back both horse and man,\n      They kept up fire then crack by crack,\n      They surely found it on their back;\n      For men and horse to field they brang,\n      And many in their saddles swang.\n\n        The brave Monroe, with his troops too\n      Disdain\u2019d to flee; but went quite thro\u2019\n      Their front line, centre, and the rear;\n      But fell himself, as he came near,\n      Two balls out thro\u2019 his body ran,\n      Alas! he never raise again.\n      He was a soldier, bold and true,\n      Rather too fierce as some avow,\n      His whole troop now was in the mire,\n      Inclos\u2019d about with sword and fire,\n      Hacking, slashing, behind, before \u2019em,\n      All enrag\u2019d for to devour them:\n      Th\u2019 horses legs to their bellies was,\n      Few with life from \u2019mong them pass.\n\n        By this the horse were fairly beat,\n      And those were left made full retreat;\n      But oh! such wind and rain arose,\n      As if all conspir\u2019d for Hawley\u2019s foes.\n      The southside being fairly won,\n      They fac\u2019d north, as all had been done,\n      Where next stood, to bide the brush\n      The volunteers, who zealeous\n      Kept firing close, till near surrounded,\n      And by the flying horse confounded:\n      They suffer\u2019d sore into this place,\n      No Highlander pity\u2019d their case--\n      _You curs\u2019d Militia_, they did swear,\n      _What a devil did bring you here?_\n      Ligonier\u2019s, Husks and Cholmondelly,\n      Gave from them many a dreadful volley,\n      Two running fires, from end to end,\n      Which broad swords could no way defend:\n      But seeing so many run and fall,\n      They thought they were in danger all,\n      And for their safety did prepare,\n      In haste they form\u2019d a hollow square:\n      The horsemen being all fled or slain,\n      The very LOYAL fled like men.\n      Some reg\u2019ments marching up the hill\n      To turn again, had right good will.\n      Brave col\u2019nel JACK, being then a boy,\n      His warlike genious did employ,\n      He form\u2019d his men at the hill foot,\n      Which was approv\u2019d as noble wit:\n      But if Husk had not check\u2019d their fury,\n      Some thousands more had been to bury;\n      He beat them fair quite out of sight,\n      But O! the rain and blowy night,\n      Horse or cannon, there, he had none,\n      He could not keep the field alone,\n      Some cannon which on th\u2019 field there was,\n      Being spik\u2019d up with iron flaws,\n      And render\u2019d useless for that time,\n      The hole being stopt whereat they prime,\n      Barrel\u2019s grenadiers to some yok\u2019d too\n      And eastward to Falkirk them drew;\n      Yet all their toil no effect had,\n      Their drivers and the horse were fled,\n      The cannon, for some time, were lost,\n      The chance of war so _rul\u2019d the roast_.\n\n        Husk in form made safe retreat,\n      Where all were flying the other gate\n      Out from the camp, the Lithgow way,\n      He form\u2019d the Buffs behind to stay,\n      In trust, to cover the retreat,\n      Which was nought but a pannick fright:\n      For had they kept their camp, I\u2019m sure,\n      The Clans wou\u2019d soon have left the Muir;\n      For there was but few who kept th\u2019 field,\n      Many dispers\u2019d to seek for bield.\n      No sooner the battle was begun\n      Than on both sides the cow\u2019rdly run;\n      And thro\u2019 the country word was spread,\n      How George had won, and Charles fled:\n      Ev\u2019n Charles himself could hardly tell,\n      That very night how it befel;\n      But the abandoning their camp\n      Confirm\u2019d all, and made them ramp.\n      It is well known by all about,\n      The battle was not half fought out:--\n      But to run, O shame! and leave your tents,\n      Like brok\u2019n tennants with unpaid rents?\n      The dread of Highlandmen to consider!\n      And not two hundred of them together;\n      But all dispers\u2019d the country thro\u2019,\n      Afraid of them, and they of you!\n      For had they known th\u2019 English retreating,\n      \u2019Hind TAMTALLAN, had been a beating.\n      This was the step which Hawley took,\n      Which ruined all, else I mistook.\n\n        The duke of Perth laught in his sleeve,\n      And Charles himself could scarce believe,\n      That Hawley was turn\u2019d such a cow,\n      As flee when none was to pursue.\n      When those about heard of the flight,\n      They came and took the town that night.\n      Both town and camp left to their will,\n      As Hawley march\u2019d on eastward still,\n      To Lithgow and Borrowstounness,\n      And some to Edinburgh did pass,\n      There gave it out, \u201cThat all was lost,\n      \u201cFew left alive of Hawley\u2019s host,\n      \u201cCharles was driving all before him,\n      \u201cThe very _wind_ and _rain_ fought for him.\u201d\n\n        On Janu\u2019ry sixteenth, afternoon,\n      This battle was fought, but never won:\n      But on the _morn_ both great and small\n      Unto Falkirk assembled all,\n      To view the field and bury the slain;\n      But which was which, was ill to _ken_:\n      For by their clothes no man could tell,\n      They stripped were as fast\u2019s they fell.\n      The plund\u2019ring wives, and savage boy\n      Did many wounded men destroy;\n      With durks and _skians_ they fell a sticking,\n      For which they well deserved a kicking:\n      Some of the brutish commons too,\n      I saw them run the wounded thro\u2019!\n\n        The brave Monroe his corpse was there,\n      Among the slain and stripped bare;\n      In Falkirk yard, you\u2019ll read his name,\n      Interr\u2019d hard by Sir John the Grahame.\n\n        All who Militia were suspected,\n      To catch that day was not neglected,\n      And hundreds more, I you assure,\n      Who came to see their Falkirk-muir,\n      Ev\u2019n for such curiosity\n      Were brought into much misery.\n      Being driven north to Inverness,\n      Their cold and hunger I can\u2019t express:\n      Those who felt it, best can tell,\n      I leave them to express\u2019t themsel.\n\n        An accident happ\u2019ned next day\n      T\u2019 one Glengarie on the Street-way,\n      A man in plunder got a gun,\n      Two balls from which he had new drawn,\n      Judging in it there was no more,\n      Yet another she had in store.\n      Out at a window did her lay,\n      Dreading no harm he did let fly,\n      Which kill\u2019d Glengary as he past,\n      Dead on the street it laid him fast.\n      They siezed the fellow and did bang him,\n      Would give no time to judge or hang him;\n      But with guns and swords upon him drave,\n      Which made him minch-meat for the grave.\n\n        For Stirling then they march\u2019d again,\n      With prisoners and all their train:\n      To Blackney new summons were given\n      For to surrender, or be driven\n      Unto death, by fire and sword;\n      Just now to yield--or trust the word,\n      That they would make that fort his grave,\n      And not a soul therein would save.\n      But Blackney said, The fort was his,\n      And each within aminded was,\n      To stand the last extremitie:\n      Take this for answer now from me,\n      \u201cWhen my King and Master gives me word,\n      \u201cYou will have it without stroke of sword.\u201d\n\n        Then with fury began the siege,\n      Both day and night they did engage:\n      On the east side upon a height,\n      Open\u2019d a batt\u2019ry in the night,\n      Of wooden faggots fill\u2019d with mud:\n      Upon a rock the trench it stood,\n      To dig it deep it would not do,\n      At last they purchas\u2019d packs of woo,\n      For which Perth\u2019s duke gave his own bill,\n      Smith may protest it when he will,\n      For Perth and Blackney both are gone,\n      And I trow, it was paid by none.\n      The country \u2019round they did compel\n      Faggots to make and trees to fell.\n      The one built up, th\u2019 other beat down,\n      Their noise was heard the country round.\n      Indeed _hersel_ was loth to do it;\n      But on pain of death _she_ was put to\u2019t.\n      French engineers indeed they had,\n      Who order\u2019d all to work like mad.\n      Here many a poor man lost his life,\n      Being unaccustom\u2019d to such strife,\n      Crying _Shentlemen, ye\u2019d best let be;\n      For feth wese hae a meuds of ye;\n      If we had up our muckle dyke\n      We\u2019ll tak your Castle when we like_.\n      These engineers, who knew far better,\n      Out of their lives did still them flatter,\n      At ev\u2019ry point where danger was\n      They made the poor unthoughtfu\u2019 pass:\n      Which only did prolong the time,\n      To murder men they thought no crime:\n      For well they knew it would not do,\n      With such batt\u2019ries of mud and woo:\n      Unless they made a cover\u2019d way\n      Dug in the earth, thro\u2019 sand or clay.\n      Ten days they wrought with all their pow\u2019r,\n      And men they lost on\u2019t ev\u2019ry hour,\n      Night and day there was no rest,\n      And Blackney always had the best.\n      The fort being high above their trench,\n      To see their work it was no pinch,\n      Dung hill like on a rock \u2019twas laid:\n      In form of a potatoe-bed.\n      With tow and tar when it was dark\n      He let them see to do their wark,\n      Which as a lamp burnt on their trench,\n      Caus\u2019d many die who thought to quench\u2019t.\n      They skirmish\u2019d on, both night and day,\n      With cannons and small arms did play:\n      Four big guns were brought up at last;\n      But soon were off their carriage cast,\n      Their very muzzles were beaten in,\n      And off their wheels they made them spin.\n\n        One called Fife on Blackney\u2019s side,\n      At ev\u2019ry shot he laid their pride,\n      Experienc\u2019d by hand and eye,\n      A perfect gunner, by land and sea;\n      But the worst thing which did ensue,\n      Of cannon balls they had but few,\n      Which caus\u2019d them fire with coals and stones,\n      Or ought was fit for smashing bones:\n      For of the balls he was but sparing,\n      Unless to give some hearty _fairing_.\n      An engineer who plagu\u2019d him sadly,\n      Whereat he was enraged madly,\n      By his upbraiding speech and mocks,\n      As he\u2019d been more than other folks,\n      Some did believe he had a charm,\n      As \u2019gainst a shot he\u2019d wag his arm,\n      Fife try\u2019d with ball, iron and stones,\n      Then curs\u2019d his _cantraips_ skin and bones;\n      He was some de\u2019il as all did miss him,\n      Said he, I\u2019ll find a way to bless him,\n      Having drunk some beer, bottles were by,\n      With glass, methinks, this devil I\u2019ll try:\n      When broken small, he cram\u2019d them in,\n      \u201cI trust, with this, to pierce thy skin,\u201d\n      Then play\u2019d it off with all his art,\n      Which minch\u2019d him quite above the heart,\n      So down he fell, spoke never more;\n      Soon after this the siege gave o\u2019er.\n      The cannons all off carriage driven\n      And trenches with the rocks made ev\u2019n.\n      Then to all those who went to see,\n      Like potatoe field it seem\u2019d to be.\n      Many dead bodies in\u2019t were found,\n      White noses sticking thro\u2019 the ground.\n\n        All being o\u2019er, since it began,\n      Brave Blackney lost only one man;\n      Six were wounded, \u2019tis very true;\n      But poor John Fife got not his due\n      Recompence, equal to his merit;\n      For which the poor lad broke his spirit,\n      He went again back to the sea,\n      Got a wat\u2019ry tomb, as they tell me.\n      He was but a Scot, and meanly born,\n      Had no good speakers, Scots then at scorn.\n\n        Now, to ev\u2019ry body, \u2019tis a wonder,\n      How that so many liv\u2019d on plunder;\n      For between Falkirk and Kippen ay\n      It is but sixteen miles of way,\n      Which space maintain\u2019d ten thousand more\n      Than th\u2019 usual number within each door,\n      For full four weeks, or nearly thereby,\n      The time they at the siege did ly,\n      The happy Janet kept the Forth,\n      And curb\u2019d all vessels from the north.\n      About the Queens-ferry she lay,\n      Came with the tides, and gave them play\n      Up by Airth and Higgins nook,\n      Where was a batt\u2019ry prov\u2019d a mock.\n      They thought to keep Forth to themsel;\n      But what it cost there\u2019s few can tell:\n      For all th\u2019 shipping they had at sea,\n      Did not exceed in number three,\n      Which kept about Perth and Montrose,\n      And privily to France did cross.\n      So all round Stirling where they lay,\n      Oft did they wish they were away.\n      Commands they sent all round about,\n      And searched all provisions out.\n      Some of them paid like honest men,\n      Others did not, I tell you plain:\n      But this I have so far to say,\n      They duly got their weekly pay;\n      But yet when plunder came in use,\n      They spared neither duck nor goose,\n      Butter, cheese, beef, or mutton,\n      All was theirs that could be gotten,\n      Pocks of meal, hens and _cockies_,\n      They made that country bare of _chuckies_,\n      Made many a _Carlin whinge_ and _girn_,\n      By _crowdie_ of her meal and _kirn_:\n      All this they did before their eyes,\n      _Guidwife cum sup here an ye please_,\n      I own indeed it was a failing;\n      But yet I cannot call it stealing:\n      Because some folks refus\u2019d to sell:\n      How long, now, cou\u2019d ye fast yoursell?\n      For the hungry came, chas\u2019d out the fu\u2019,\n      Where meat was found, this was their due.\n\n\n[Illustration: A PLAN of the BATTLE _of_ FALKIRK MUIR\n\n                                  EAST SIDE.\n  Falkirk Town.\n\n\n     Argyle Militia           3 Regiments\n     formed below             marching up\n     the hill to cover        the Hill.\n     the Retreat.\n\n\n     G. Husk\u2019s  Scots Royal.  Glasgow and    Gardner and\n      Column.                Pais. Militia.  Monro\u2019s Dr.\n     _________  ____________  ____________   ___________\n\n                                                      Cob\u2019s Dragoons.\n                                                      _______________\n\n\n                             _THE KING\u2019S ARMY_\n\n  NORTH                                                            SOUTH\n  SIDE.                                                            SIDE.\n\n                            The _HIGHLAND ARMY_\n\n     ______________   _____________   ___________   ________________\n     The Cammerons    The Stewarts.   Macgregors.   L. Geo. Muray\u2019s.\n    or first Column.                              This Col. fired first.\n\n               ____________________________________________\n               The Second Column who came not up to Action,\n                           but still in Motion.\n\n              ________________________________________________\n              The Third Column, who stood as Corps of Reserve.\n\n                                                       ______________\n                                                       The Hussars or\n                                                         Horse-men.\n         ____________________\n         The French Brigades,\n          or Prince\u2019s Guards.\n\n                                  WEST SIDE.\n]\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. VI.\n\n_The Duke\u2019s return. His Speech to the Army. March to Stirling.\nExplosion of St. Ninian\u2019s Church._\n\n\n      Now when the news to London went,\n      Guess ye if George was well content,\n      At Hawley\u2019s being so defeat,\n      And making such a foul retreat.\n      On Friday\u2019s night the deed was done,\n      This was on Sunday afternoon.\n      The council\u2019s call\u2019d, and in all haste,\n      The Duke again they did request\n      To go, and take the whole command,\n      For to reduce the Highland band\n      That so disturbed BRITON\u2019S peace,\n      Which was accepted by his Grace.\n      All things prepar\u2019d for posting ways,\n      He on the road was near six days.\n      To Ed\u2019nburgh town he came at last,\n      Which gave their sp\u2019rits a quickning blast.\n      The troops review\u2019d and brought together,\n      All for the field he did consider,\n      The Glasgow and the Paisley Core\n      He order\u2019d home, knowing of more,\n      Six thousand Hessians beside dragoons\n      Were entring in the Scottish boun\u2019s,\n      On pressing march towards the north,\n      Expecting battle, south side of Forth.\n\n\n_The_ DUKE\u2019S _Speech to his Army at Edinburgh, January 30th, 1746_.\n\n        \u201cNow Gentlemen, hear this of me,\n      \u201cYou\u2019re th\u2019 soldi\u2019rs of a people free,\n      \u201cNot like the poor starv\u2019d slaves in France,\n      \u201cBound to a Popish ordinance.\n      \u201cI know there\u2019s many of you here\n      \u201cWho\u2019ve shown your merit, that I can swear,\n      \u201cOthers, perhaps, n\u2019er had occasion\n      \u201cTo show your valour in foreign nation,\n      \u201cYet think yourselves as good as they,\n      \u201cI doubt not but part of you may;\n      \u201cTho\u2019 native soil you\u2019ve yet possest,\n      \u201cIn foreign land no foes have fac\u2019d,\n      \u201cYou descend from men, as well as they,\n      \u201cWho never turn\u2019d their backs to fly:\n      \u201cI hope you\u2019re now resolv\u2019d to fight\n      \u201cAll for your King and countries Right,\n      \u201c\u2019Gainst their rebellious resolution,\n      \u201cWho\u2019re for turning order to confusion,\n      \u201cA set of plunderers and thieves,\n      \u201cWhich in ev\u2019ry age disturbs and grieves:\n      \u201cAy, learn\u2019d from their fathers they are,\n      \u201cIn troublous times to raise up war:\n      \u201cBoasting themselves in bauling words,\n      \u201cTo do great actions with broad swords:\n      \u201cI think they\u2019ll prove to be small stops,\n      \u201cIn front of well disciplin\u2019d troops.\n      \u201cStand and behold them in the face,\n      \u201cAnd use your points in such a case.\n      \u201cIf you don\u2019t fly and break your line,\n      \u201cBy swords you can no danger find;\n      \u201cBut when you turn your backs to fly,\n      \u201cYou throw honour and life away;\n      \u201cYou murder by this means yoursell,\n      \u201cAnd foes encourage to excel.\n      \u201cThink on Tourney and Fontenoy.\n      \u201cFear not this Rabble, who wou\u2019d destroy\n      \u201cAll that\u2019s good, if they had power.\n      \u201cMay heav\u2019n protect us in battle hour!\n      \u201cRemember you\u2019re for a right cause,\n      \u201cAgainst subverters of the laws.\u201d\n\n        From Ed\u2019nburgh town they march\u2019d away\n      To Lithgow came that very day,\n      The Campbells on front also this night\n      Retook Falkirk, and put to flight\n      Part of the Highland troops were there,\n      Who straight for Stirling did repair;\n      But orders met them by the road,\n      That night to stop at the Torwood:\n      Because against the morning light,\n      Their army would be there on sight.\n      The council call\u2019d at Bannockburn,\n      Where all agreed for to return\n      And fight the Duke, whate\u2019er betide,\n      But his Lowland men would not \u2019bide;\n      These Nor\u2019landers swore by their _saul_\n      That Cumberland would kill them all.\n      But the Highlanders made this reply,\n      That for their Prince they\u2019d fight and die,\n      Where\u2019er he went, they\u2019d with him go\n      And face the Duke, tho\u2019 ten for two.\n      So then to morrow by break of day,\n      The Northern men march\u2019d all away;\n      And yet the Clans they were so kind\n      As offer to fight if he inclin\u2019d.\n      But all agreed to take the rout,\n      More of the Clans for to recruit:\n      Then all of them took to their heels,\n      Kept no high road; but cros\u2019d the fields,\n      The nearest way unto the Frew,\n      For otherwise it would not do,\n      Stirling Militia the bridge had cut,\n      And on the water there was no boat,\n      But what was broken or haul\u2019d away,\n      To keep the Forth when north they lay.\n      Their cannon and baggage, all forsaken,\n      Lay round Stirling and soon was taken.\n      Their magazine of powder and ball,\n      Falkirk plunder, tents and all,\n      Were stor\u2019d up in St. Ninian\u2019s church,\n      An engineer enter\u2019d the porch,\n      On purpose for to lay a train;\n      But too much haste did him atten\u2019.\n      He broke one barrel, as they say,\n      Began the powder for to stray\n      All along upon the floor,\n      Without the threshold of the door.\n      Some people in the kirk there was,\n      The love of plunder was the cause,\n      The engineer backward did run,\n      And at the powder fir\u2019d his gun,\n      Himself he thought quite secure too;\n      But to the air with it he flew.\n      Other eight persons there was slain,\n      And one blown up, but fell again,\n      So senseless, that he was thought dead,\n      As he lay on a midden-head.\n      He first fell on a thatched house,\n      Next on a midden, with a _souse_:\n      His clothes and hair were really sing\u2019d,\n      Sat on the midden, curs\u2019d and whing\u2019d,\n      So stupid drove, knew not the cause\n      But own\u2019d his mercy in such fa\u2019s.\n      But others were in pieces torn,\n      And from the church a long way born;\n      One safe before the pulpit lay,\n      When all above was blown away:\n      This roar did him so stupid drive,\n      He knew not whether dead or alive;\n      In flames and smoak he was benighted,\n      And own\u2019d that he was fairly frighted.\n      Charles and his court from a hill top,\n      Stood and beheld the catastrop\u2019;\n      Then to the north they march\u2019d away\n      Unto St. Johnston upon Tay.\n\n        This great explosion, I heard say,\n      Was heard full forty miles away.\n      Duke William at Lithgow heard th\u2019 crack,\n      And cry\u2019d, \u201cNow Blackney\u2019s gone to wreck,\u201d\n      Not knowing what the meaning was,\n      Till in Falkirk he heard the cause,\n      Now all of them had cross\u2019d the Forth\n      Quite o\u2019er the hills into the North.\n      The Campbells, and some troops of horse,\n      That night arriv\u2019d at Stirling cross,\n      Who came harrassing the retreat,\n      And pick\u2019d some straglers by the _gate_:\n      Blackney also sallied out,\n      And catch\u2019d some strollers thereabout.\n      Many of them were so mischiev\u2019d,\n      It shocked nature to perceiv\u2019t,\n      Legs and arms shot clean awa\u2019,\n      And some wanting the nether-jaw;\n      Some were out of the trenches drawn,\n      Being bury\u2019d alive \u2019midst the san\u2019.\n      The Campbells kept upon the chace,\n      And pick\u2019t \u2019em up in many a place.\n      Some cannon were found near the Frew,\n      Their horse, being weak, could not go thro\u2019.\n      Much baggage left and several things,\n      With a Printing press, called the king\u2019s,\n      Which back to Stirling was return\u2019d,\n      While Charles, by Crief, to Perth adjourn\u2019d.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. VII.\n\n_The Duke\u2019s arrival at Stirling. The Rebels\u2019 Retreat, and the Rout\nboth Armies took to the North._\n\n\n      Soon after William to Stirling came,\n      With all his troops, a warlike ban\u2019:\n      Reg\u2019ments of foot, there were fourteen,\n      Sixteen field pieces of brass, full clean:\n      Kingston\u2019s, Cobham\u2019s, and Ker\u2019s dragoons.\n      The trusty Campbells, all chosen ones,\n      With Hawley, Husk, and John Mordaunt,\n      Brave Ligonier he could not want,\n      With Cholmondely, bred soldiers all,\n      For battle ready at any call.\n      One day his march was here suspended,\n      The broken bridge for to get mended,\n      O\u2019er which the foot were safely past,\n      And all the carriages at last.\n      The horsemen forded Forth at Drip,\n      Then to Dumblain they marched up.\n\n        While the army into Stirling lay,\n      They catched one they call\u2019d a spy,\n      Whom Hawley, by some uncouth laws,\n      Condemn\u2019d for carrying Charles\u2019 pass,\n      Likewise another from the Duke,\n      Which made him more like traitor look,\n      Hawley seiz\u2019d them, and with an oath\n      Swore he should be depriv\u2019d of both:\n      Go, said he, and get a rope,\n      And take the dog and hing him up,\n      Which was no sooner said than done,\n      As soon\u2019s the hangman could be foun\u2019,\n      Without confession, or clergy\u2019s stamp,\n      Was like a dog hung to a lamp.\n\n        Next day the duke went to Dumblane,\n      Campbells\u2019 and th\u2019 horse had Crief reta\u2019en.\n      Here the Highlanders did divide,\n      Some took the hills, some water-side;\n      The highland road by bridge of Tay,\n      Or by Dundee, the sea-side way,\n      The horse and French brigades did chuse;\n      And the Highland roads did refuse,\n      So kept their rout north by Montrose,\n      While th\u2019 others climb\u2019d o\u2019er hills and moss:\n      Short time they took in Perth to tarry,\n      All the stores they could not carry,\n      They threw into the river Tay,\n      With cannon they could not take \u2019way,\n      Thirteen of iron they spiked up,\n      And swivels of the Hazard sloop,\n      Which was taken off John\u2019s haven,\n      By help of that town\u2019s fisher-men.\n      Argyle Militia and the horse\n      To Perth straight came; but did not cross\n      The river Tay for to pursue,\n      Till the whole army came in view.\n      Some would have a party take the hill,\n      But to this the Duke deny\u2019d his will,\n      And kept his march down by Dundee,\n      Thro\u2019 towns that lay hard by the sea\n      Toward the town called Montrose,\n      And great resentment there he shows:\n      All the suspect\u2019 did apprehend,\n      And south to Stirling did them send,\n      Where they\u2019re detain\u2019d close prisoner,\n      \u2019Till \u2019bout the ending of the stir;\n      Many of them were innocent,\n      As afterwards was truly _kent_,\n      If \u2019twas not for their thought and wish:\n      For few durst say whose man he was\n      Who lived into such a clime,\n      And in such a critical time.\n      Thence he unto John\u2019s-haven sent,\n      As being upon vengeance bent\n      For taking of the Hazard sloop,\n      And burnt their boats both _stoop and roop_.\n      Two off\u2019cers here he also broke,\n      For their goodwill to Charlie\u2019s folk,\n      The one\u2019s sash was in pieces cut,\n      And quite out of the army put,\n      His sword was broke above his head;\n      Because he unto Charlie fled.\n      The other, because he stopt the plunder\n      Of th\u2019 house of Gask, being sent under\n      Strict command, to do such duty;\n      But kept his party from the booty,\n      For which he got\u2019s commission torn,\n      Himself depos\u2019d with shame and scorn.\n\n        From thence they march\u2019d to Aberdeen,\n      Where a storm of snow and frost full _keen_,\n      Which on the mountains some time lay,\n      Caus\u2019d them into that town to stay.\n      Hesse\u2019s band in Perth then quarter\u2019d was,\n      And at Dunkeld keeped the pass,\n      The remains of Gardner\u2019s broke dragoons\n      Kept Blair in Athole, and such towns:\n      These horsemen twice had suffer\u2019d sore,\n      Here, by surprise, they suffer\u2019d more:\n      As they next to the Highlands lay,\n      They _skelped_ at them night and day.\n      Being station\u2019d in this utmost pass,\n      They bore the _brunt_ of all distress;\n      But the Hessians kept about Dunkeld,\n      And did into more safety dwell.\n      These Hessians were a warlike band,\n      Six thousand did their prince command,\n      Earl Crawford in their company,\n      To guide them thro\u2019 the Scots country.\n      Their countenance was awful fierce,\n      They spake High-Dutch, or German Earse,\n      Had white buff-belts, and all blue clothes,\n      With a long beard beneath their nose,\n      And those who were in wedlock state,\n      Had all long whiskers, like the cat.\n      Their spatterdashes with pick were gilt,\n      And long swords with a brazen hilt,\n      Bars on the outside of the hand,\n      And in their guns an iron wand.\n      The finest music e\u2019er you did hear\n      Would make one dance who could not stir,\n      Their whistles and drums in chorus join\n      Did cheer one\u2019s heart, they played so fine:\n      Their grenadier\u2019s had caps of brass,\n      Thus order\u2019d were the men of Hesse,\n      Who camp\u2019d for some time near Dunkeld,\n      And kept that pass, till they hear\u2019d tell\n      How at Culloden all were broke,\n      And they had never fought a stroke,\n      Except one canonading bout;\n      The clans afar came on a scout\n      To view their camp from a hill top\n      Who soon retir\u2019d when they drew up:\n      Whene\u2019er their cannon began to play,\n      They skipt like rams and ran away,\n      Describ\u2019d the Hessians ev\u2019n as they can,\n      Said, \u201cHe was a blue and bloody man,\n      \u201cHis drums and guns pe ready, _got_\n      \u201cHersell pe rin, or else be shot.\u201d\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. VIII.\n\n_Blowing up the Castle of Cargarf by the Earl of Ancram. Skirmishes\nat Keith and Inverness, &c._\n\n\n      Now while the duke lay at Aberdeen,\n      From England did his troops maintain,\n      Brought in his stores ay by the sea,\n      And laid no stress on that country,\n      From thence the earl of Ancram went,\n      One hundred horse were with him sent,\n      Major Morris with three hundred foot,\n      Near to the head of Don they got,\n      To take the Castle of Cargarf,\n      But ere they came all were run aff,\n      Wherein was a large magazine\n      Of amunition, and arms clean,\n      Which did become the Earl\u2019s prey;\n      But could not get it born away,\n      No horse he could get to employ,\n      Most of the spoil he did destroy,\n      \u2019Bout thirty barrels of powder there,\n      Made soon that fort fly in the air,\n      And so returned to Aberdeen,\n      Long forty miles there were between.\n\n        Next Col\u2019nel Stuart of Charlie\u2019s band,\n      At Strathbogie he did command\n      One thousand foot, beside Hussars,\n      Who kept that country round as theirs:\n      Against him were sent on command\n      The generals Moredant and Bland;\n      But to Stra\u2019bogie as they drew near,\n      Stuart did unto Keith retire.\n      Then captain Holden with volunteers\n      Follow\u2019d in chase, as it appears,\n      Seventy Campbells by Bland were sent,\n      And thirty Kingston\u2019s horse too went,\n      To clear the village of Keith while light,\n      And to Stra\u2019bogie return that night:\n      But their presumption ran so high,\n      They ventur\u2019d there that night to lye,\n      When Stuart return\u2019d with secret pains,\n      Enter\u2019d the town at both the ends,\n      And set upon them unawares,\n      Till few were left of men and horse:\n      Their loss was this, you may consider,\n      Because they were not got together.\n      The Campbells sold their lives like men,\n      And of the horsemen left were ten.\n      This did the Highlandmen revive,\n      And rais\u2019d their sp\u2019rits for more mischief,\n      And to the Duke\u2019s men gave a caution,\n      Where to quarter on like occasion.\n      His army in three divisions lay,\n      The first at Strathbogie, they say,\n      Second at Old Meldrum, half-way between\n      Strathbogie town and Aberdeen,\n      The last at Aberdeen still lay,\n      Until April on the eighth day.\n\n        While Charles must the mountains keep,\n      Among the goats, cows and sheep,\n      His army sure was sorely spent,\n      Ere into Inverness he went,\n      Having nought but deserts by the way,\n      Want of meat and scant of pay.\n      Rivan of Badenoch they took,\n      And laid it flat on every _nuik_.\n      To Inverness when they drew near,\n      Lord Loudon did from it retire,\n      Having but sixteen hundred men\n      All newly rais\u2019d, could not preten\u2019\n      To face them fairly in open field:\n      Therefore, Retreat was safest bield.\n      Two companies he left behind,\n      The fort to major Grant resign\u2019d,\n      To defend it to extremitie\n      Strict orders, thus to do or die,\n      But no sooner did Charles\u2019 troops appear,\n      Than soldiers hearts did quake for fear,\n      And being threaten\u2019d with a siege\n      They durst not stand their spiteful rage.\n      So town and castle became his own,\n      The fort was levell\u2019d with the groun\u2019.\n      Lord Loudon fled but little way,\n      The firth of Murray between them lay,\n      Perth and Cromartie play\u2019d a _brogue_,\n      Assisted by a hazie fog,\n      Unexpectedly sallying over,\n      Upon them fell, and would not hover,\n      Till many they in pieces cut,\n      Some officers they pris\u2019ners got:\n      As before them they could not stand,\n      Being forc\u2019d to flee from Sutherland.\n      Another party at castle of Blair,\n      Had beat the Duke\u2019s detachment there;\n      This gave the king\u2019s army some pain,\n      And rais\u2019d their Highland blood again.\n      Fort Augustus too they did attack,\n      And in short time beat it to wreck:\n      Three companies of Guise\u2019 therein,\n      \u2019Gainst Highland fury not worth a pin:\n      Major Wentworth did here command,\n      Who had not force them to withstand,\n      None stood but Fort William now,\n      And it in haste they \u2019sieged too.\n      A large detachment chosen was;\n      Of artillery the best he has,\n      Commanded by brave Stapleton,\n      A French brig\u2019dier of great renown.\n\n        On the third of March at Glenavis,\n      Which opposite Fort William is,\n      The first attack began at sea,\n      Betwixt the Baltimore and he,\n      A sloop then lying at Fort William,\n      Into the straits of Carrion,\n      Stapleton siezing of their boat,\n      Thought t\u2019 master them with num\u2019rous shot:\n      The Serpent sloop, captain Askew\n      Caus\u2019d man his boat, with other two,\n      And soon were master of Carrion,\n      Where put to flight was Stapleton.\n\n        Their next \u2019ttempt was Kilmadie barns,\n      Where many shot were thro\u2019 the _herns_:\n      Yet the Baltimore she could not stand it,\n      Nor could their troops at all get landed:\n      For shells and cannons play\u2019d so fast,\n      Their engineer they kill\u2019d at last.\n      The Baltimore she could not take it,\n      Forc\u2019d to sheer off and so forsake it,\n      Some prisoners of Guise\u2019s men,\n      In this hurry did liberty gain,\n      During the time the parties fir\u2019d,\n      Took to their heels and so retir\u2019d,\n      And got safe to the garrison,\n      Without the reach of Stapleton.\n      Now for some time they stopped were,\n      Thro\u2019 loss of their chief engineer,\n      And ere another fill\u2019d his place,\n      The garrison had their wall in case,\n      Their bastions raised seven feet high,\n      Ere the besiegers did draw nigh.\n\n        It was on March the twenti\u2019th day,\n      Their battery began to play,\n      From a hill top, call\u2019d Sugar loaf,\n      Eight hundred yards, or thereby off:\n      Their shots fell weak and came too short,\n      Some fell before they reach\u2019d the fort:\n      Cohorns, bombs and a twelve pounder\n      In vain at such a distance thunder.\n      Finding their batt\u2019ry was too far,\n      They erect another half way nigh\u2019r;\n      But being in a hollower place,\n      It did not alter much the case,\n      Except the cohorns and some bombs\n      Broke some roofs, beat down two _lums_;\n      Three men indeed they did dissable,\n      And kill\u2019d a poor horse in a stable.\n      Stapleton a French _Tambour_ sent,\n      Beating a parly on he went:\n      The captain ask\u2019d for what he came?\n      He said, From gen\u2019ral Stapleton,\n      To you, Sir Governor, with this letter,\n      \u2019Tis to surrender, You can\u2019t do better.\n      Then to your Gen\u2019ral this answer give,\n      \u201cNo letters from rebels I\u2019ll receive,\n      \u201cI shall do better, and him defy,\n      \u201cEv\u2019n to the last extremity.\u201d\n      The drummer return\u2019d to Stapleton,\n      O then a fierce bombard went on,\n      For several hours on either side,\n      At last the garrison laid their pride,\n      By tearing their chief battery,\n      Flat with the ground they made it ly,\n      And many buried were therein,\n      Besides the wounded that did run,\n      The people within the garrison,\n      Without the houses keeped none,\n      For being wounded with the slate,\n      During the hurry of this heat:\n      The rest behind the ramparts stood,\n      And so were free from wounds and blood.\n      Thus in a rage, before they tir\u2019d,\n      Near two hundred royal were fir\u2019d,\n      With sixteen cannons, \u2019gainst the fort,\n      As afterwards they did report:\n      Yet did no harm was worth a fig,\n      But a poor soldier lost his leg.\n      And on the morrow when day appear\u2019d,\n      The garrison their trenches clear\u2019d.\n      Then for a day they let them _slack_,\n      Another batt\u2019ry to erect,\n      Nearer the Fort one hundred yard\n      At which no labour there was spar\u2019d.\n      At this time, a party sallied out\n      To make provision in, no doubt,\n      Who spar\u2019d no bullock, sheep or cow,\n      Some prisoners they in brought too\n      From the laird of Apin\u2019s estate,\n      Burnt every house came in their _gate_,\n      And those who did resistance shew,\n      They made no stop to run them thro\u2019.\n      Their ships came in with meal and bread\n      So to hold out they had no dread.\n\n        Now when the last batt\u2019ry was raised,\n      To fire again they soon practis\u2019d;\n      The garrison too began a fresh,\n      And soon their batt\u2019ry down did thresh.\n      At last their powder store took fire,\n      Which dash\u2019d the gunners here and there.\n      The garrison perceiv\u2019d the case,\n      And took advantage in short space,\n      Twelve men out of each companie,\n      Then sallied out couragiouslie,\n      And set upon them without dread,\n      Till many on the place lay dead,\n      One serjeant of the Campbells slain\n      The rest victorious turn\u2019d again.\n      Into the Fort with them they drew\n      Three brazen cannons and mortars two,\n      Spik\u2019d up the rest but only five,\n      At which they could not get a _drive_:\n      Yet timely retreat safety procur\u2019d,\n      Or with numbers they\u2019d been o\u2019erpowr\u2019d.\n\n        Stapleton did yet again direct\n      Another batt\u2019ry there to make;\n      But at that time came an express\n      Forthwith to march for Inverness.\n      Thus on the third day of April,\n      From the third of March a dreary while.\n      They left their cannon and took the rout\n      But never more came thereabout.\n\n        Now another party prince Charles had\n      At the castle of Blair prosper\u2019d as bad,\n      Under lord George Murray\u2019s command,\n      Who took this doughty deed in hand,\n      For to conquer this castle of Blair:\n      The duke of Athole oft lived there,\n      Who was upon the Georgian side,\n      And had the Stewarts oft aid deny\u2019d.\n      The garrison therein was few,\n      Commanded by Andrew Agnew,\n      An old Scots Worthy, I well may say,\n      No better soldier was in\u2019s day.\n      He could do more by wiles and flight,\n      Than those who were five hundred weight;\n      He did defend them in such ways,\n      The siege prolong\u2019d for several days.\n      Till word reach\u2019d the camp at Dunkeld\n      How with Sir Andrew it befel.\n      Earl Crawford with the Hessian men,\n      Two troops of horse to him did sen\u2019;\n      In all great haste they march\u2019d away;\n      But Murray got other fish to fry:\n      For he receiv\u2019d a hot express,\n      Forthwith to come to Inverness,\n      That very day that Stapleton\n      Left the siege of Fort-William.\n\n        All parties of the Chevalier\n      Did to their head quarters draw near,\n      By which Sir Andrew relief had,\n      And made this siege a fair blockade.\n      Here the wheel it turn\u2019d, I trow,\n      And luck to Charles bad adieu.\n      \u2019Tis oft misfortunes come together,\n      Or after one mischief another,\n      His men half mad for want of pay,\n      Had little to eat, what\u2019s worse, I say?\n      Being hemm\u2019d in on ev\u2019ry side,\n      Among the hills and muirs so wide.\n      On the Hazard sloop they did depen\u2019,\n      Which went to France for money and men:\n      As back and fore she oft did go,\n      Her name\u2019s changed to Prince Charles\u2019 Snow:\n      On her return, unluckilie,\n      Met with the Sheerness sloop, at sea,\n      Commanded by Captain O\u2019Brian,\n      With whom she fought but did not gain\n      The day, nor yet could get away;\n      But was chas\u2019d into Tongue-bay,\n      Where she upon the shallows ran,\n      And in the fight lost many a man.\n      O\u2019Brian enrag\u2019d still kept the sea,\n      But mann\u2019d his boat right hastilie:\n      For fifty leagues they gave her chace,\n      And forc\u2019d them to land in this place;\n      Into the country of lord Rea,\n      From whence they no relief could ha\u2019e.\n      His lordship\u2019s house it was near by,\n      Just then was there captain Mackay\n      My lord\u2019s son, with Henry Monroe,\n      Lord Charles Gordon was there also,\n      Captain MacLeod a trusty han\u2019,\n      And fourscore of lord Loudon\u2019s men,\n      Who had fled there from Inverness\n      When Perth had put them in distress,\n      And as the crew came to the land,\n      As pris\u2019ners they\u2019re compell\u2019d to stand,\n      One hundred men and fifty-six\n      As prisoners they here did fix,\n      Soldiers, sailors and gentlemen,\n      War-officers from France and Spain,\n      Who were to join Charles the Prince;\n      But bold O\u2019Brian did them convince,\n      That such a thing was not to be:\n      To Aberdeen the whole sent he,\n      With the crew of a French priv\u2019teer\n      Who off the Orkney\u2019s cruising were.\n      Besides the arms found in her hold,\n      Thirteen thousand _guineas_ of gold,\n      Brave O\u2019Brian thus carry\u2019d away\n      On March the five and twenti\u2019th day.\n\n        This was bad luck for Charles too;\n      For wanting money what could he do,\n      They had no meal, mutton or beef,\n      Of cheese and butter no relief:\n      The cry among them night and day,\n      Was, _Give me money, meat or pay_.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. IX.\n\n_Kings Army pass the Spey. Battle of Culloden. Defeat of the\nRebels, &c._\n\n\n      Upon the eight day of April,\n      When air and season sweet did smile,\n      Duke William then began to move,\n      The time and season to improve;\n      Towards the Spey he did approach,\n      By wary steps and easy voy\u2019ge:\n      His fleet on sea no faster steer\u2019d,\n      Than he upon the land appear\u2019d,\n      Until they reach\u2019d the banks of Spey:\n      On the north side great Charles lay,\n      To keep the fords was their intent;\n      But see\u2019ng the cannon durst not resent,\n      Planted to cover the only pass,\n      Where the safe passage unto them was:\n      So in all haste they _scowr\u2019d_ away,\n      And let them freely pass the Spey.\n\n        Argyle\u2019s men and lord Kingston\u2019s horse,\n      Did first of all the water cross,\n      And after them the grenadiers\n      To keep the front, if need appears:\n      For the Duke had always in his thought,\n      That crossing Spey would be dear bought;\n      But when he found no opposition,\n      Of other schemes he had suspicion:\n      Wherein he did conjecture right,\n      Altho\u2019 the plot came not to light:\n      That in the night he\u2019d be attacked,\n      Which by ill conduct was not acted.\n      Thus over Spey all safely came,\n      That rapid river and _stalward_ stream;\n      Th\u2019 English women not us\u2019d with wading,\n      Being loth to lift up their plaiding\n      Went in with petticoats and all,\n      Which _fagg\u2019d_ their feet and made them fall.\n      A trooper thinking lives to save,\n      With them too got a wat\u2019ry grave,\n      The flood but to men\u2019s middle went,\n      They were with fording unacquaint:\n      Cold water struck the women\u2019s belly,\n      It made them both prove faint and silly.\n      One horseman, and four women that day,\n      Were drown\u2019d in crossing of the Spey:\n      From other harms cannons did cover,\n      And still they form\u2019d as they came over,\n      For to engage kept always ready,\n      Caus\u2019d pipes play _Fair play, Highland laddie_.\n\n        To Elgin town they march\u2019d that night,\n      As the Highland core had ta\u2019en their flight,\n      From thence to Nairn on the next day,\n      There on the fifteenth encamped lay,\n      Where the Duke\u2019s birth was celebrate,\n      And Charles\u2019 intent was to be at it;\n      But when near to the camp they came,\n      They could not execute their plan:\n      For Murray and Sulli. could not agree,\n      On what side the attack should be:\n      For want of courage in such a plight,\n      They argu\u2019d till the morning light,\n      Then the Duke\u2019s drums fell a beating,\n      And they thought fit to be retreating:\n      So this attempt prov\u2019d nought at all,\n      But saving of their powder and ball.\n\n        Now Charlie and his noblemen,\n      In council night and day were then,\n      And in their schemes could not agree,\n      Where ACHITOPHELS among them be;\n      Some for this, and some for that,\n      Long time they in confusion sat:\n      Some did incline to fight at Spey,\n      And of all fords to stop the way;\n      But Tullibardine and Sullivan,\n      Were quite upon another plan,\n      To let the Duke free passage have,\n      And no disturbance there to give;\n      But lead him to some ugly ground,\n      Where cannon and horse were useless found:\n      So pitch\u2019d upon Culloden place,\n      Where dykes and bogs might vex his Grace;\n      In hopes, cannon could not get there,\n      Which was great pain, I must declare,\n      The way so rough was, and so ill,\n      But drawn by men were up the hill.\n      The Duke his march made very slow,\n      Being form\u2019d in lines as on they go:\n      In four columns they march\u2019d away,\n      On cannon and baggage, made them stay,\n      Did front and rear in a body keep,\n      Except the Campbells, who ran like sheep,\n      With Kingston\u2019s horse as spies and van,\n      From hill to hill they skipt and ran,\n      Back and fore had many a bout,\n      Act as Jackals to search them out,\n      And that day near the hour of twelve,\n      At Culloden house found them all.\n      ---- The Highland army here were ranged,\n      That no position could be changed,\n      Twelve piece of cannon; but highly mounted;\n      By which the gunners were affronted:\n      For should they level ere so low,\n      Shot, down the hill is loth to go;\n      And though they ply\u2019d them ne\u2019er so warm\n      In such a posture could not harm.\n\n        But the Duke\u2019s cannon so conceal\u2019d,\n      They thought he\u2019d got none on that field,\n      In the centre-line he did them screen,\n      That they at all could not be seen.\n      Straight on their front he did advance,\n      On right and left his made a stance:\n      From Charles\u2019 batt\u2019ry the fire began\n      By gunners who no honour wan.\n      The Duke perceiving that his left,\n      Would be took weak, for such a drift\n      Of the stout Clans were coming on them,\n      Sent Bland and Hawley to wait \u2019pon them,\n      With foot and horse and Campbells too,\n      As good as ere _cauld_ iron drew.\n      Then seeing all in order right,\n      The signal gave for bloody fight.\n      His front to fall some paces back,\n      And then the cannon began to crack.\n      Grape them, Grape them, did he cry,\n      Then rank and file he made them ly;\n      When bags of balls were fir\u2019d at once,\n      Where they did spread, hard was the chance:\n      It hew\u2019d them down, aye, score by score,\n      As grass doth fall before the mow\u2019r.\n      Breaches they made as large and broad,\n      As avenues _in thro\u2019_ a wood;\n      And then such terror on them fell,\n      That what to do they could not tell;\n      Whether that they should fight or flee,\n      Or with the rest, stand there and die.\n      They had no conduct to consider,\n      Or in a body rush together;\n      But some drew back, others advanc\u2019d,\n      They all into confusion launch\u2019d.\n      But M\u2018Phersons, Cam\u2019rons and the Steuarts,\n      Who did disdain the name of cowards,\n      All rush\u2019d on, quite void of fright,\n      And chused death before a flight,\n      Struck Barrel\u2019s regiment on the flank,\n      For two companies they made a blank,\n      Wolf\u2019s Bligh\u2019s and Semple\u2019s were attacked;\n      But sore for this they were corrected.\n      For Bland and Hawley came on behind \u2019em,\n      Campbells and light horse, which so confin\u2019d \u2019em\n      Between two fires, and bay\u2019nets fixt,\n      That few got off being so perplext.\n      The Campbells threw down a stone wall,\n      To let the horsemen on them fall,\n      Who with sword in hand put them to flight,\n      And could no longer stand the fight.\n      Yet many, in rage, came rushing on,\n      Till bay\u2019nets thro\u2019 their backs were gone,\n      The bright points on the other side;\n      So bravely was their valour try\u2019d.\n      If all their front had so come on,\n      I know not how the day had gone;\n      Their lives they did not sell for nought,\n      The Duke himself, own\u2019d they were bought.\n      Those on the left stood still as stupid,\n      Some would advance, others back skipped:\n      Dreadful cannons on them did blatter,\n      Till at the last they\u2019re forc\u2019d to scatter.\n      The French Brigades, who puff\u2019d so hie,\n      Into a bogue were fain to flee:\n      Great Stapleton their Brigadier,\n      In every _spaul_ did quake for fear,\n      Fitz James\u2019s horse, for all their pride,\n      Unto the rear were fain to ride.\n\n        The Duke\u2019s right stood and saw the fun,\n      Some reg\u2019ments never fir\u2019d a gun;\n      They only twice or thrice presented,\n      But seeing them run it was prevented:\n      For the order was, that fire they don\u2019t,\n      Till within few paces of their front.\n      So when they see\u2019d them so present,\n      Back they fled with one consent,\n      Brandisht their swords and pistols fir\u2019d,\n      Some threw their durks and then retir\u2019d.\n      The Hussars likewise took the flight,\n      And never did presume to fight;\n      But left their leader on the field,\n      Who as pris\u2019ner was forc\u2019d to yield.\n      The noble Earl of Kilmarnock,\n      Whose head was from his body struck,\n      Afterwards, upon Tower-hill;\n      Great pity \u2019twas this Lord to kill!\n      Were it but for his lenity\n      To prisoners before that day,\n      He favour shew\u2019d to many a hunder\n      And in no case would hear of plunder.\n\n        Now Charles, the Prince yet kept the field,\n      And loth was he to flee or yield:\n      Major Kennedy with some troops of horse,\n      Out of the field he did him force,\n      About five miles from Inverness,\n      The water of Nairn they did pass,\n      As they had been for Bad\u2019noch bound;\n      But spread throughout the country round.\n      And those behind on field who staid,\n      Ran ev\u2019ry where, be\u2019ng so afraid;\n      But those who ran by Inverness,\n      Were hotly handled in the chase.\n      Lord Ancram and general Bland,\n      This fierce pursuit they took in hand.\n      With Kingston\u2019s horse and Kerr\u2019s dragoons,\n      They thro\u2019 the bonnets clave their crowns,\n      Struck with such vigour and desperation,\n      Some hands were swell\u2019d on this occasion,\n      Within the hilting of the sword,\n      That to pull out, they seem\u2019d full _gourd_.\n      They would not yield as vanquish\u2019d men,\n      Such discipline they did not _ken_,\n      To ground their arms or turn their sword,\n      Nor knew they ought of Quarters word;\n      But _madly run_, was all their chance,\n      And never turn\u2019d to make defence.\n      The pursuers had them at their will,\n      Nought but follow and safely kill.\n      Some hundreds who fell that day,\n      Were a mean of throwing their life away.\n      Two thousand lay upon the field,\n      And those who took flight for their bield,\n      Through Inverness and all about,\n      Were hew\u2019d down in this bloody rout:\n      For Kingston\u2019s men were young and rude,\n      Of mercy nought they understood,\n      When answer\u2019d by a Highland tongue;\n      But used cruelty all along.\n      Of prisoners were told and seen,\n      Full seven hundred and fifteen;\n      But many more were after this,\n      Which not into this number is;\n      Lord Lewis Gordon, marquis of Giles.\n      And Stapleton this number fills,\n      Four ladies too, here taken was,\n      And one of them into man\u2019s dress,\n      Who as a Captain did appear,\n      In fighting for her Chevalier.\n      Five thousand stand of arms were found,\n      Ten brazen cannons, smart and sound,\n      Twelve stand of colours were ta\u2019en, I know,\n      \u2019Twas the Royal Standard\u2019s fate also\n      For to be left, that fatal hour,\n      On the field of Culloden Muir,\n      With the baggage and milit\u2019ry chest\n      (Its contents did of nought consist.)\n\n        Then brigadier Mordaunt was sent,\n      Nine hundred chosen with him went,\n      For to subdue all arm\u2019d who were,\n      Into the Frazer\u2019s country there,\n      Search\u2019d ev\u2019ry corner and each _quorum_,\n      Thinking that Charles was still before \u2019em.\n      Strathallan fell when on his flight,\n      Lord Balmarino the next night,\n      Into the hands of Grant he fell,\n      Who made him pris\u2019ner, as they tell,\n      And to the Duke sent him also,\n      Who soon to London made him go,\n      And with him many a hundred more,\n      To English jails and London-tower,\n      Cargoes by sea were sent away;\n      But to return ne\u2019er saw the day.\n\n        Now Charlie safe to Bad\u2019noch rode,\n      Where council held, and they conclude,\n      That all of them should sep\u2019rate be,\n      And differ\u2019nt ways for safety flee,\n      For the miscarriage of their plan,\n      They blam\u2019d both Murray and Sullivan,\n      For sending some brave Clans away,\n      A hunting of the _Gowke_ that day.\n\n        Earl Cromartie and hundreds more,\n      Were taken that morning before,\n      Being sent home to\u2019s own countrie,\n      For raising men and more supplie.\n      Lord Rae\u2019s militia, hearing this,\n      Upon him came at unawares:\n      As each mischief follow\u2019d another,\n      Things went to wreck just altogether,\n      Their parting was at Badenoch,\n      With wat\u2019ry eyes and loud _Och-hoch_:\n      Their bag-pipes mournfully did _rore_,\n      And _Piperoch Dhonail_ was no more.\n      This was a day of lamentation,\n      Made many brave men leave their nation.\n      Their eyes were open\u2019d, all was vain,\n      Now grief and sorrow was their gain.\n\n\n[Illustration: A PLAN of the BATTLE of CULLODEN MUIR.\n\n                                  NORTH SIDE.\n\n\n         The D. of Perth and L. Ogilvy\u2019s Reg. not to fire      Inverness\n         without Orders, and to keep close up as fresh Corps     \u2302\u2302 Town\n         of Reserve.                                           Total 8350.\n         __________________________________________________\n\n       C. Roy Stewart        L. L. Gordon and          Those of the above\n       and those of          Glenbucket\u2019s to be        who have only guns,\n       the above who         ready to advance          under Lord Kilmar-\n       have only Guns.       when needful.             nock\u2019s command.\n       ______________         _______________           ________________\n        3rd Column.             Pretender\u2019               First Column.\n                                2nd Column.\n\n     ___________ Fitz James       Culloden    Hussar Guards. ____________\n     ___________   Horse.            \u2302\u2302       & P. Squadron. ____________\n     ___________________________    House   _____________________________\n\n         Brig. Stapleton\u2019s Pic.                  L. J. Drum. Picquet.\n    Athole.   Stewarts.   Frasers.           M\u2018Intosh. M\u2018Leans. Keppoch.\n    Camerons. M\u2018Phersons. M\u2018Intosh. Farqhar. MacLeods. Clanron. Glengary.\n    ________  _______     ________  _______  ________  _______  ________\n\n     4 | | | | Cannon.           4 | | | | Cannon.      4 | | | | Cannon.\n     L. George Murray.           L. John Drummond.       Duke of Perth.\n\n                             _The HIGHLAND ARMY._\n\n  WEST                                                               EAST\n  SIDE.                                                              SIDE.\n                             _The KING\u2019S ARMY._\n\n      ____________      ___________          _________       __________\n    |  Barrel\u2019s and     S. Fuzileer\u2019s          Cholmon      Dragoons and\n    |   Monroe\u2019s.       and Price\u2019s.         & Royals.      Light Horse.\n    |               ||||               ||||             ||\n    |              4 Can.             4 Can.           2 C.\n    |\n    |                         Here stood the DUKE.\n    |  _______  ________  _________  ___________  __________  ___________\n    |  Wolf\u2019s.  Bligh\u2019s.  Semple\u2019s.  Ligonier\u2019s.  Fleming\u2019s.  Old Buff\u2019s.\n    |                                ___________  __________  ___________\n    |                                Blackney\u2019s.  Batterau\u2019s. Poultney\u2019s.\n  \u00a6>|\n  \u00a6     Three regiments marching in\n  \u00a6     cover\u2019d way towards the park.\n  \u00a6\n  \u00a6Campbell\u2019s Light-Horse and Dragoons,\n   broke down this Park Dyke.\n\n                                  SOUTH SIDE.\n]\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. X.\n\n_Charles\u2019 flight. Arrival in the Isles. Hardships, hidings and\nnarrow escape._\n\n\n      The Prince from Badenoch that night,\n      Over the mountains took his flight.\n      With only six in\u2019s company,\n      And one who led them on the way.\n      O\u2019er many a rock, thro\u2019 glens they past,\n      And to Invergary came at last.\n      About two hours ere break of day;\n      But none within that house did stay,\n      Only one servant, the laird being gone,\n      Bed or provisions there were none:\n      No drink but water to be had,\n      On the cold floor he made his bed,\n      All in their clothes thus sleeping lay,\n      Till near the middle of the day:\n      Having had no sleep five nights before,\n      And little food, you may be sure.\n      No bread or cheese there could they find,\n      Or ought to eat of any kind.\n      No living poultry could they get;\n      But in the water found a net,\n      Wherein two salmon were present,\n      Which they took as a blessing sent,\n      And on them heartily did dine,\n      Having no liquor but Adam\u2019s wine.\n      Then to their journey set again,\n      For Donald Cam\u2019ron\u2019s at Glen Bean,\n      Where they arrived late that night,\n      Thro\u2019 Lochiel\u2019s country, \u2019twas their fright\n      Of being known by friends or foes:\n      He drest himself into Burke\u2019s clothes,\n      The rest be\u2019ng gone but only three,\n      No more was in his companie.\n      Then on the morrow, the eighteenth day,\n      To Clan-Ronnald\u2019s country took their way,\n      And in Mewboll lodged that night,\n      Being kindly us\u2019d, but still in fright,\n      Delay\u2019d next day some hours, to hear\n      How all was gone; but yet for fear\n      They quit their horse, and took the hill,\n      O\u2019er mountains climb\u2019d scarce passible,\n      To Arisaig or Borasdale:\n      And here themselves they did conceal\n      At Kinloch Moidart, where they lay,\n      Not knowing what to do or say.\n      There came lord Elcho and O\u2019Neil,\n      Who to their Prince did plainly tell\n      How all had gone at Inverness,\n      Since the fatal day of their distress;\n      That all the Clans were scattered,\n      So as rally again, they ne\u2019er cou\u2019d;\n      For the Duke had parties ev\u2019rywhere\n      To burn and plunder, none did spare\n      Who with them were the least concern\u2019d,\n      So where to flee must be determin\u2019d.\n      Here Sullivan and many more\n      Their council gave as bad\u2019s before,\n      Their Prince to flee into some isle,\n      And there to ly _incog._ a while,\n      Sending for one Donald MacLeod,\n      Who knew the isles and safest road.\n      And while they were a-planning this,\n      An alarm came for to dismiss,\n      A party coming was that way,\n      Direct as knowing where they lay,\n      Then to the woods all of them fled,\n      Took sundry ways be\u2019ng sore afraid.\n      The Prince himself bewilder\u2019d ran,\n      And with him there was not a man,\n      Being thus dejected and all alone,\n      Thro\u2019 the wild woods he made his moan.\n      While thus he melancholy lay,\n      MacLeod came past on\u2019s road from Sky;\n      The Prince cried boldly, What art thou?\n      And he reply\u2019d, What\u2019s that to you?\n      My name\u2019s MacLeod, from Gaultergill,\n      I\u2019m not afraid it to reveal.\n      Then said the Prince, \u2019Tis thee I want,\n      I am the man who for thee sent,\n      The Son of your King, your Prince I am,\n      And for your pity here I came.\n      On you, Donald, myself I throw,\n      Do what you will, prove friend or foe.\n      Then Donald, in tears, stood all amaz\u2019d,\n      With dumb surprize he on him gaz\u2019d:\n      My Prince, my Prince and here to lurk!\n      Oh! this would move the heart of Turk,\n      To see the turns of time and fate,\n      From honour to a wretched state;\n      I\u2019m old, I\u2019m old, thus did he cry;\n      Yet t\u2019 serve my Prince I\u2019d live and die.\n      Then said the Prince, Since it is so,\n      With these two letters, wilt thou go,\n      To Sir Alexander? though that he\n      And th\u2019 laird of MacLeod\u2019s my enemie,\n      I\u2019ll yet their clemency request,\n      If humanity lies in their breast,\n      In noble hearts pity is found,\n      They\u2019ll land me safe on German ground.\n      No, no, said Donald, that will not do;\n      For now they\u2019re both in search of you:\n      But my service sha\u2019n\u2019t cost you a groat,\n      Near this there lies an eight oar\u2019d boat,\n      Get all you have, ready on sight,\n      And we will go on board this night.\n\n        To this the Prince did well comply,\n      They went in search of all was nigh,\n      To wit, brave O\u2019Neil and Sullivan\n      With Allan M\u2018Donald of Elen-o-ron,\n      Alex. M\u2018Donald, Edward Burke,\n      And four stout men the boat to work,\n      Donald MacLeod was pilot too,\n      No more were in his retinue.\n      For store they had four pecks of meal,\n      A pot they bought for making kail:\n      This was on April twenty-sixth,\n      They put to sea, full sore perplext,\n      At the same place he came on shore,\n      When first he landed the year before.\n      Dark was the night, the wind blew high,\n      The rain drove on, black was the sky,\n      No deck or cover was to be got,\n      Pump or compass had they not;\n      Before the wind they durst not stand;\n      Because they knew not where to land:\n      In all the Isles were armed men;\n      But in what place they did not ken.\n      Ev\u2019ry wave threat\u2019ning their last,\n      And shipt great seas, which o\u2019er them past;\n      Yet kept above from sand and rock,\n      Till to morrow \u2019bout seven o\u2019clock,\n      They made Rushness-point, on the long isle,\n      Call\u2019d _Benbecula_ in Gallic style,\n      Two hundred miles in eight hours space,\n      Past many a rock and dang\u2019rous place,\n      Where militia boats were out on spy,\n      Which otherwise he\u2019d not got by:\n      But this vi\u2019lent storm they could not stand,\n      All fled for shelter to the land.\n\n        Now on this isle they landed were;\n      But found no house or shelter there,\n      Except an old stye of a byre,\n      Wherein they kindled up a fire,\n      Shot a cow and did her boil,\n      And made fine brochan of her oil.\n      The place was hollow and remote,\n      Upon dry land hauld up their boat;\n      But when they view\u2019d the raging sea,\n      They prais\u2019d their Maker heartilie,\n      To think what dangers they\u2019d come by\n      \u2019Twixt the isles of Cole, Mull and Skye.\n\n        The storm it still increased high\u2019r,\n      For fourteen hours it blew like fire.\n      They spy\u2019d, for dangers, round about,\n      And then to sleep their prince was put.\n      No bed-clothes but the sail all wet,\n      Without straw, bolster, or a matt,\n      Where cows had lain all night before,\n      A poor palace without a door,\n      A bed of state, all wet with _shern_:\n      This may the great humil\u2019ty learn.\n      Here they remain\u2019d for nights two,\n      Until the storm did overblow:\n      And then for Stornaway set sail,\n      But meeting with a desp\u2019rate gale,\n      Were drove on _Scalpa_-isle, or _Glass_,\n      Which to one MacLeod belonging was,\n      By whom they wou\u2019d been _gripped_ fast;\n      But for a shipwreckt crew they past,\n      Old Sullivan the Prince\u2019s father,\n      And ev\u2019ry one gave names to other.\n      They said, they were to Orkneys bound,\n      And here great lenity they found\n      From Donald Campbell, a farmer there,\n      Who for a passage did prepare\n      A boat of his own for Stornaway.\n      Which went off on the first of May,\n      With Donald MacLeod, his trusty guide,\n      Who went a vessel to provide,\n      To get to the Orkneys by all means:\n      For there he thought to meet with frien\u2019s,\n      Who, well he knew, would use their pow\u2019r,\n      To land him on the German shore.\n      And in three days a message came,\n      That a ship was ready at his deman\u2019.\n      Another boat was mann\u2019d with speed,\n      And to Storn\u2019way they did proceed,\n      Landing upon MacKinnon\u2019s ground\n      At Loch Seaforth, then to walk round,\n      Long thirty miles, upon their foot,\n      Before to Ayrnisk point they got.\n      None with him but only Sullivan,\n      Brave O\u2019Neil and another man,\n      Who was to guide them on the way;\n      Yet by good chance led them astray:\n      Long eighteen hours this stage it was,\n      Through a long Muir all wet to _plash_:\n      But had they come the nearest way,\n      They had been catch\u2019d in Stornaway.\n      About a half mile from the town,\n      Faint and weary they all sat down,\n      And sent their guide for Donald MacLeod,\n      To bring refreshment if he cou\u2019d,\n      Who brought them brandy, cheese and bread,\n      Which cheer\u2019d their hearts in time of need.\n      Then took him to Lady Kildoun\u2019s,\n      The only friend found in that bounds,\n      Who kindly did them all intreat\n      And well refresh\u2019d he went to sleep.\n\n        So Donald return\u2019d into the town,\n      And found all to confusion grown,\n      Above two hundred in arms were,\n      And _furich ha nish_ every where.\n      A clergyman from the South Uist\n      He sent a letter, for truth almost,\n      That the Prince, with above five hunder,\n      Was coming for to burn and plunder.\n      Then Donald to their Chiefs did go,\n      And curs\u2019d and swore it was not so:\n      For the Prince has not got a man but three,\n      And I one of his number be.\n      So gentlemen, think what you do,\n      Lest, when too late, you come to rue;\n      For if Seaforth himself were here,\n      A hair of\u2019s head you durst not _steer_;\n      For, if you kill him, or catch alive,\n      Think not for such an act to thrive.\n      This island lies far out at sea,\n      In faith it will revenged be\n      By favourites he hath abroad,\n      So stop your fury, cries brave MacLeod,\n      For surely, gentlemen, if you do it,\n      Your babes unborn may come to rue it.\n\n        Then said they, Well, since it is so,\n      Out of this island let him go;\n      For if the rabble come to hear it,\n      They\u2019ll do it through a zealous sp\u2019rit.\n      The wind is fair and so be gone,\n      We\u2019ll still the people and send them home.\n      Keep all right snug and let none know\n      Whether he\u2019s in this isle or no.\n      The boatmen hearing of such a rout,\n      And fearing what might be their lot,\n      Two with the boat fled to the sea,\n      And two up to the muirs did hie.\n\n        MacLeod and Burke, here left on shore,\n      Went to their Prince with hearts full sore.\n      Cry\u2019d Sullivan, We\u2019ll take the hill,\n      No, said the Prince, We\u2019ll stand it still:\n      Since here is friendship in the least,\n      Take ye no fear, we\u2019ll be releas\u2019d,\n      So in that night return\u2019d again\n      Their boat from sea, with the two men;\n      But the other two who took the hill,\n      Where they ran I cannot tell.\n      Next morn they put to sea again,\n      Though hard beset for want of men,\n      Having only three who understood\n      Either to row, or sail to crowd.\n      For store they got two pecks of meal,\n      Brandy, beef, butter and ale,\n      So bid adieu to brave Kildoun,\n      As to the Orkneys they were boun\u2019.\n\n        But to the south as they did steer,\n      Two English ships there did appear,\n      Which made them all in haste to turn,\n      And put into the isle of Euirn,\n      A desart place, where none abode,\n      One mile in length, another broad,\n      Where fishers oft frequent by day;\n      But seeing them all fled away,\n      Thinking they were the King\u2019s press-boat,\n      Their fish behind was all forgot,\n      Both fresh and drying on the rock,\n      Of Cod and Ling, the poor men\u2019s stock;\n      And here they stay\u2019d a day or two,\n      Until the ships were out of view,\n      And on the fish well did they fare,\n      Although their lodging was but bare,\n      An old hut, like a swine\u2019s stye\n      Which fishers us\u2019d to occupy:\n      They had no bed but heathry feal,\n      The hut\u2019s roof cover\u2019d with the sail.\n      They roasted fish and brandy drank,\n      No host they had to pay or thank.\n      For what they did the fishers bereave,\n      He was amind money to leave:\n      But Donald says, No not a _snishing_;\n      For that would cause a strong suspicion,\n      That some good fellows had been here;\n      Therefore be not so mad, my dear,\n      For \u2019tis the men of wars\u2019 men\u2019s way,\n      To take all fish, but not to pay.\n\n        Now here to stay they thought was vain,\n      On the tenth of May set sail again,\n      And back to Scalpa came once more,\n      Where they were kindly us\u2019d before,\n      And offer\u2019d money for men and boat;\n      But such a thing could not be got,\n      To venture with them out to sea,\n      To Noraway or Germanie.----\n      But here they found danger to stay,\n      So in all haste they put away;\n      For men in arms in ev\u2019ry place,\n      In search of him were in full chace.\n      Ships and boats watching by sea,\n      So without fresh store they\u2019re forc\u2019d to flee:\n      And coming past the South of Uist,\n      An English ship before they wist,\n      Commanded by one Ferguson,\n      For three full leagues came chasing on:\n      They kept by shore, to windward lay,\n      Till in the Loch call\u2019d Esca-bay.\n      Got on an island, and then by chance,\n      Wind contrary rose and drove them thence.\n      Rain and fog did favour shew,\n      So who they chac\u2019d they did not know.\n      Well, said Charles, I see my lot\n      Is neither to be drown\u2019d nor shot,\n      Nor can they e\u2019er take me alive,\n      While wind and rain against them strive.\n      Yet piercing hunger\u2019s hard command:\n      For here no fresh water they _fand_,\n      And to big isles they durst not go;\n      But such as were a mile or two.\n\n        So here they were so hard bestead,\n      Of salt water they _dramack_ made,\n      And of it hastily did eat,\n      Hunger for sauce, made it good meat.\n      If e\u2019er I mount a throne, said he,\n      I\u2019ll mind who din\u2019d this day with me.\n      A bottle of brandy then he took,\n      And to them all drank _better luck_.\n      So then for _Benbecula_,\n      They hoisted sail, and steer\u2019d awa\u2019:\n      And landed there among the rocks,\n      Where Crab-fish and Partan flocks,\n      To fishing these, with speed went all,\n      And soon did fill a wooden pail.\n      The hut was two miles from the shore,\n      Where Charles carried this store,\n      Lest suspicion should arise,\n      This he did for mere disguise:\n      And when near to this hut they drew,\n      Such a cottage one did ne\u2019er view,\n      On feet and hands they _crawled_ in,\n      Sowre was the smoke their eyes to blin\u2019:\n      Then Edward Burke digg\u2019d down the door\n      And made the entry somewhat more.\n      \u2019Twas here Clan-Ron. did visit make,\n      To see what measures they could take,\n      For sending him to France again,\n      To see him so, it gave him pain,\n      No shirts he had excepting two,\n      And these unwash\u2019d like _dish-clouts_ blue;\n      Sculking, lurking, here and there,\n      A prey to all like hounds on hare,\n      Though in times of prosperity,\n      He was extoll\u2019d most gallantly.\n      Thus he no longer here could trust;\n      But to Cardail into South Uist,\n      He caus\u2019d him to remove and go,\n      And did provide for him also\n      Bread, brandy, wine and clothes,\n      And such necess\u2019ries as he chose.\n\n        At this time the faithful MacLeod,\n      In Campbell\u2019s boat the sail did croud,\n      And steer\u2019d for the main land again;\n      How matters stood he long\u2019d to _ken_\n      With brave Lochiel and Murray too,\n      And have their council what to do.\n      Murray\u2019s answer was, My money\u2019s gone,\n      And help from me you can get none.\n      Then Donald laid out what cash he had\n      For liquor and for other trade,\n      Whereof his master stood in need,\n      And so return\u2019d again with speed,\n      Being only eighteen days away,\n      Which to his Prince seem\u2019d a long stay.\n      No counsel he brought, as I heard tell;\n      But ev\u2019ry man do for himsel,\n      Which made his Master quite amaz\u2019d,\n      And for a time he on him gaz\u2019d:\n      It pierced Donald\u2019s heart to see\n      A Prince into such misery,\n      Confin\u2019d into a stinking stye,\n      And \u2019bove his head two hydes of _kye_,\n      To skonce away the sooty rain.\n      And all his clothes in dirty stain.\n      At this time soldi\u2019rs came to Raski,\n      An island, in length but miles three,\n      Lying \u2019twixt Barra and South Uist;\n      And therefore flee again he must.\n\n        The Prince, O\u2019Neil and Sullivan,\n      Edward Burke and Donald the man,\n      Just from the foot of Corradail,\n      In Campbell\u2019s boat they did set sail,\n      And landed in the isle of Ouia,\n      From South Uist not far awa\u2019,\n      And there they stayed a few nights;\n      But constantly were in sad _plights_:\n      For armed boats still passing by,\n      They knew not where to hide or ly.\n      Charles, O\u2019Neil and a sure guide,\n      Went thence unto Rushness to hide;\n      But was not there above nights two,\n      Till information was all thro\u2019,\n      Where he lodged at Rushness,\n      Which trusty Donald did distress:\n      So he, that night, with Sullivan\n      Set sail, to save him if they can,\n      And got him once more safe on board;\n      But wind and rain upon him pour\u2019d:\n      So at Ushness point they shelter took,\n      And lodg\u2019d under a clifted rock.\n      This storm it did the whole day blow,\n      And then at night they came to know\n      Of a party, distant, but miles two:\n      So to sea again they\u2019re forced to go.\n      And as they steer\u2019d to Loch Boisdale,\n      One of the sailors a swearing fell,\n      He saw a boat full of Marines,\n      Which prov\u2019d a rock at some distance.\n      Cry\u2019d, Hardy weather, and ship about,\n      Then to Celie-stella that night they put.\n      On next day Donald spy\u2019d afar,\n      Two sail of English men of war;\n      Yet here they stayed for some days,\n      And could not rest in any ways.\n      Hearing captain Scot on shore was come\n      At Kilbride, two miles off from them.\n      Thus now they all were forc\u2019d to part,\n      Their Prince went off with heavy heart,\n      And with him took none but O\u2019Neil,\n      Whose heart he found as true as steel.\n      Two shirts apiece, for baggage they took,\n      Tied up into a wallet or pock,\n      Around the Prince\u2019s neck and shoulder,\n      Like master and man they trudge together.\n      So here we leave them for a while\n      In lonesome caves and mountains wild.\n\n        The others two days hover\u2019d near,\n      And sunk their boat through perfect fear,\n      Both night and day lay in the field,\n      Nought but the sails they had for bield,\n      The red coats swarming all around,\n      And yet by chance none of them found.\n      Then Donald MacLeod he went away,\n      And was ta\u2019en at Slate in isle of Sky,\n      By Allan M\u2018Donald, the laird of Knock,\n      Who him on board the Furnace took,\n      Where gen\u2019ral Campbell and Ferguson\n      For to examine him thus began----\n        _Gen._ Was you with the Pretender, or was you no?\n      _Heth_ was I, _quoth_ Donald, and that you know.\n        _Gen._ Do you know what\u2019s bidden for his head?\n      Thirty thousand pound, a bra\u2019 sum indeed!\n      _Prutish_, quo\u2019 Donald, it\u2019s no worth a straw,\n      Her ain sound conscience is better nor\u2019t a\u2019:\n      Tho\u2019 I\u2019d got Scotland and England, a\u2019 for my pains,\n      I wadna see him hurt, for your muckle gains.\n      He\u2019s a good civil shentleman, his life on me threw,\n      Wad I kill him, or drown him, or gie him to you.\n      And deil care what ye do, he\u2019s now far awa\u2019,\n      The win ran awa\u2019 wi\u2019m, the like you ne\u2019er saw:\n      For the win and water, Sir, did sae combine,\n      Carri\u2019d him twa hunder mile in aught hours time,\n      They thought Donald a fool of the honest kind,\n      He confessed so freely all to their mind,\n      Suppos\u2019d the Prince might lurking stay\n      Into the isle of St. Kilday,\n      A little island which does stand,\n      Far nor-west from isles or land,\n      The property of the laird MacLeod,\n      A barren soil, and poor abode,\n      Famed most for Soland Geese;\n      Sea fowl and fish their living is:\n      And there they thought, as Donald spake\n      The Young Pretender for to take.\n      Poor Donald to London they sent away,\n      Where he twelve months in prison lay;\n      Yet got his liberty at last,\n      When the act-indemnity was past.\n      Gen\u2019ral Campbell with an armed fleet,\n      Around St. Kilda came complete,\n      Which frightened the poor natives there,\n      Who ran to holes like fox or hare:\n      And when they reach\u2019d the wretched shore,\n      They catched some who to them swore,\n      That none did in that place sojourn,\n      But who were in St. Kilda born:\n      Of a Pretender they nothing knew;\n      But what they heard of a boat\u2019s crew,\n      How the laird MacLeod had arm\u2019d his men,\n      To fight against some ill woman,\n      Who lived somewhere far away;\n      And this was all they had to say.\n      So the gen\u2019ral soon return\u2019d again\n      And saw St. Kilda for his pain.\n\n        And here we\u2019ll leave the Prince a while,\n      Who hunted was from isle to isle,\n      O\u2019er hills and mountains, wood and glen,\n      As afterwards I\u2019ll let you ken.\n      Poor Edward Burke was left alone,\n      For now companions had he none,\n      Lodg\u2019d in a cave for weeks three,\n      Ate Dulce and Lampets from the sea:\n      In short, he thought he would turn wild,\n      Seeing no man, woman, or child;\n      Till an honest Souter and his wife,\n      Agreed for to sustain his life,\n      For two long months, he said, and more,\n      Some meat each night they to him bore,\n      Their like was not in all North Uist,\n      For to pity rebels no man durst:\n      Because ev\u2019n at that very time,\n      It had been made a mighty crime,\n      Read from the pulpits by the priests,\n      That none should pity man or beasts,\n      Who had along with Charlie been,\n      Give them no victuals, nor close their een\n      In sleep, or warm within a door,\n      Or excommunicate to be therefore,\n      Besides, the pains of milit\u2019ry law,\n      Hanged or shot one of the twa.\n\n        Of this act I know not what to say,\n      Since Solomon speaks another way,\n      And a great, yea wiser King than he,\n      Bids us to feed our enemie,\n      And give him water for to drink:\n      For me, I know not what to think.\n      But Burke of all at last got free,\n      When th\u2019 act of grace gave libertie,\n      And home to Edinburgh came again,\n      For\u2019s love to Charles got nought but pain,\n      And yet if Charles return, to morrow,\n      He vows he\u2019d go tho\u2019 on a barrow.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. XI.\n\n_Procedure of the King\u2019s men against the suspected. Confusion in\nthe Army and severity against the Clans._\n\n\n      Now, the royal Duke, at Inverness,\n      Did the whole North fully possess,\n      Encamp\u2019d, and sent his parties out\n      To burn and plunder round about\n      All the offenders, who for their crime,\n      Were severely punish\u2019d at this time.\n      All those who were loyal and true,\n      Had some acknowledgement as their due.\n      He number\u2019d first what he had lost,\n      And what his signal vict\u2019ry cost.\n\n        Lord Robert Ker was \u2019mong the slain,\n      A brave captain of Barrel\u2019s men;\n      Of Price\u2019s reg\u2019ment, captain Grossot\n      Here did fall, it was his lot,\n      Captain Campbell of Argyleshire men,\n      Was likewise found among the slain.\n      Near six hundred, rank and file, lay there,\n      Two hundred and forty wounded were.\n      His sole reflection was, in the chase,\n      The Pretender\u2019s rout he could not trace,\n      Any farther than that afternoon,\n      He drank with Lovat when all was done,\n      When his very tears mingl\u2019d with wine;\n      But never could be catch\u2019d _sinsyne_.\n      As some ran east, and some ran west,\n      To south and north in crouds they past;\n      Some to Argyleshire, through Kintyre,\n      And into Ireland flew like fire.\n      Tullibairn by Loch Lomond came,\n      Fled from the battle into the flame,\n      Into the house of Drummiekill,\n      Who stood on the cross way, to kill\n      Those who from the battle fly,\n      Against all such does Moses cry,\n      As in the sacred Write, we read,\n      They\u2019re curs\u2019d who\u2019re guilty of such deed:\n      Yet here was Tullibardine gripped,\n      When from the roaring guns escaped,\n      And prisoner to London led;\n      Yet dy\u2019d there quietly in his bed.\n\n        Duke William still camp\u2019d in the north,\n      All was in stir beyond the Forth,\n      Ports, pass, and ferries guarded,\n      Who catch\u2019d a rebel was well rewarded.\n      Few but preachers, at this day,\n      Were counted righteous in this way:\n      For where the minister said the word,\n      To life and liberty they\u2019re restor\u2019d,\n      Resign their arms, with Mess John\u2019s line\n      That they were prest for to combine\n      To go with Charlie, and his crew,\n      By force control\u2019d---- \u2019Tis very true,\n      Most of the common men were prest,\n      Drove to the slaughter like a beast:\n      But one thing of Highlanders I see,\n      To them they serve they\u2019ll faithful be;\n      For those who serv\u2019d King George, just here,\n      \u2019Gainst the rebels proved most severe,\n      And rebels, who afterwards did list,\n      Loyaller hearts no man could trust:\n      And, ev\u2019n the conquering of this field,\n      Unto the English I will not yield:\n      Had Scots and Irish run away,\n      They\u2019d found it hard to gain the day;\n      Yet after all they \u2019gan to boast,\n      \u2019Twas they only who rul\u2019d the roast,\n      And even where in camp they lay\n      To upbraid the Scots, and oft did say,\n      Mocking the mis\u2019ries that befel,\n      \u201cThese Scotsmen are but rebels all,\n      \u201cFor which they all should hanged be,\u201d--\n      Which rous\u2019d the Scots most veh\u2019mentlie:\n      And when they did complain thereof,\n      Were answer\u2019d with a mere _put off_:\n      This did enrage them still the more,\n      Vengeance to seek by the _Clay-more_,\n      Which all into confusion threw:\n      The Scots into a body drew,\n      Irish, by blood and love allied,\n      Did join unto the Scottish side.\n      His Grace, the Duke, perceiving this,\n      Into this broil most active was,\n      Who, as with no party he would stand;\n      But charg\u2019d them by his high command,\n      For to be still, and silent be,\n      Till he\u2019d the dispute rectifie;\n      Then agents from each side were chose,\n      Whom he in council did enclose,\n      Where they made a solemn act,\n      \u201cThat by a thousand on the back,\n      \u201cEvery man should punish\u2019d be,\n      \u201cWho\u2019d thus upbraid any countrie.\u201d\n\n        So this again cemented peace,\n      Thro\u2019 mediation of his Grace,\n      Which was indeed a virtuous scheme,\n      And adds great honour to his name:\n      For had they once come on to blows,\n      \u2019T had been the glory of their foes,\n      And the murd\u2019ring of one another;\n      But now they\u2019re Britons all together,\n      And yet the spite ended not here,\n      As afterwards you\u2019ll come to hear;\n      But agitated the Parliament,\n      Though contrary, it with them went,\n      To put the Scots beating away,\n      A march which vex\u2019d them ev\u2019ry day:\n      Because it was a grief to hear it,\n      And very irksome to their spirit,\n      The dinging down of _Tamtallan_,\n      They swore it mean\u2019d some other _dwallion_.\n      The bonnets, plaids, and spotted coats,\n      A dress long time worn by the Scots,\n      These by an act were laid aside,\n      Thro\u2019 nought, I think, but spite and pride:\n      For when the Scots they came to need,\n      They were restor\u2019d again with speed,\n      Ev\u2019n by an order of the crown;\n      But _Tamtallan_ was ne\u2019er beat down,\n      The Scots still kept by their old march,\n      In spite of all their foes could urge.\n\n        But the cause of the Duke\u2019s long stay here,\n      Was to find out the Chevalier,\n      As Scotland round by sea was guarded,\n      If catch\u2019d on land, so high rewarded\n      The apprehender was to be,\n      There was no hopes he could get free.\n      Hesse camps, did at Perth and Stirling stand,\n      Armed militia through all the land,\n      And parties searching ev\u2019ry isle:\n      Being heard of ev\u2019ry other while,\n      They still kept on a close pursuing,\n      Hard was the hunt for Charlie\u2019s ruin.\n      All prisoners, they catch\u2019d, of note,\n      On ship-board were securely put,\n      And to England sent, trial to stand,\n      But deserters judg\u2019d were in Scotland,\n      Who had as soldiers with Charlie gone,\n      They hang\u2019d and shot them every one:\n      For Hawley\u2019s verdict was so quick,\n      \u201cGo hang the dogs up by the neck,\u201d\n      Which was no sooner said than done,\n      No pity he shew\u2019d on woman\u2019s son.\n      The Duke, by half, not so severe,\n      Did often the condemn\u2019d set clear,\n      Made his soldiers say, he was too civil;\n      But swore, That Hawley wou\u2019d hang the devil.\n      The Duke did love to burn and plunder,\n      And sweet revenge upon them thunder,\n      On house and huts made devastation,\n      As it had been a foreign nation.\n      Their whole utensils, rock and reel,\n      To see in flames he loved well,\n      With dogs and cats, the rats and mice,\n      And their old shirts, with nites and lice,\n      Were all unto the flames consign\u2019d,\n      To bring them to a better mind,\n      And never more for to rebel,\n      A doleful time for _her nain sell_,\n      For all that _she_ had done or said,\n      _She_ thought it more than double paid;\n      Eating kirns, and supping sheese,\n      And codding of the Lothian pease,\n      Or taking a bit of beef to eat,\n      When _she_ could get no other meat;\n      And when _she_ met a Lalan-rogue,\n      _But pate a shainshment on her brogue,\n      The soger has done a ten times mair,\n      Brunt her house, taen a her geer,\n      And after that cuts aff her head,\n      An shot on them that frae her fled_.\n\n        For all who did from the soldiers fly,\n      Were fir\u2019d upon immediately,\n      By which, many a poor innocent\n      Was put to death, by them unkent,\n      Their flying away caus\u2019d the error,\n      The red-coats were to them a terror.\n\n        Now Charles concealed was in Uist,\n      And there to stay no longer durst,\n      The Campbells were coming _a ho_, _a ho_,\n      He durst not bide, and could not go:\n      Every day he saw them well,\n      And had none with him but O\u2019Neil.\n      The day was long and hot the sun,\n      About the twenty first of June,\n      Upon a mountain top they lay,\n      And saw their motions ev\u2019ry way,\n      From glen to glen, caves and rocks,\n      As ever hounds did search for fox,\n      Campbells, and lads with the red coat,\n      With them guides knew every spot,\n      And corner of that country side;\n      So here it dang\u2019rous was to bide.\n      But in a desart place remote,\n      They found a lonely dismal hut,\n      And there to stay they judged best,\n      Until part of the hurry past.\n      Such venison as they could take,\n      Of ev\u2019ry thing a prey they make:\n      It was not out of cov\u2019tous greed;\n      But only as they stood in need.\n      O\u2019Neil alone was out at last,\n      To hear of what was done or past,\n      And met a lady whom he knew,\n      Miss MacDonald good and true,\n      To her their straits he did reveal,\n      Who did with tears their sorrows feel,\n      And vow\u2019d by all was dear within her,\n      She\u2019d them relieve, if they should skin her:\n      Then hasten\u2019d O\u2019Neil to him away,\n      Appointing where to meet next day,\n      And to the Prince with him did go,\n      Her servant did the secret know,\n      One Neil MacKechnie, an honest heart,\n      Who in ev\u2019ry point did act his part,\n      There, they their whole plan did frame:\n      And then to Malton came again\n      Miss Flora and her man next day,\n      Going to Clan Ronald\u2019s house were they,\n      For to perform the enterprize,\n      And get clothes fit for his disguise.\n      By a party of militia men,\n      Both of them prisoners were ta\u2019en,\n      Miss ask\u2019d who was their officer,\n      And they in answer told it her:\n      He prov\u2019d her father-in-law to be,\n      Preferr\u2019d, for suppos\u2019d loyaltie,\n      No less than a king\u2019s officer,\n      She thought she might the better fare,\n      And there did tarry all that night,\n      Before of him she got a sight.\n      Greatly surprized then was he,\n      His step-daughter prisoner to see,\n      Call\u2019d her aside to know the matter,\n      And gave her both a pass and letter,\n      For herself, her lad, and Betty Burke,\n      A woman who was to spin and work,\n      Being a maid for her mother hir\u2019d\n      So all was done as she requir\u2019d.\n\n        Then to Clan Ronald\u2019s house they came,\n      And let the lady know the same,\n      Where ev\u2019ry thing in haste was got,\n      Apron, gown, and a petticoat:\n      Of printed cotton the gown it was,\n      Just fitting for a servant lass:\n      Then to the hut they went away,\n      To get him drest without delay;\n      And as they entred into the door\n      They found their Prince, surpriz\u2019d him sore,\n      A cooking something for to eat,\n      A sheep\u2019s pluck on a wooden spit.\n      This put them all in Brinish tears,\n      A Prince brought to such low affairs!\n      But he reply\u2019d, Why weep ye so?\n      \u2019Tis good for Kings sorrow to know:\n      And ev\u2019n the great, won\u2019t after rue,\n      They suffer\u2019d part of what I do.\n\n        That night they stayed all in the hut,\n      Ere ev\u2019ry thing was ready got,\n      And on the morrow a message came\n      For lady Clan-Ronald, in haste extreme,\n      That cap. Ferguson, with Campbell\u2019s men,\n      Did all night in her house remain.\n      And to confirm what they had said,\n      The Captain took up her own bed.\n\n        Now Charles by this time was drest,\n      Like a Dutch frow, I do protest,\n      His _brogues_, indeed, had leather heels,\n      And beard, well shaven, all conceals;\n      But gown and petticoat so short,\n      Shew\u2019d too much legs, but no help for\u2019t.\n      He of the lady took his leave,\n      And left O\u2019Neil behind to grieve,\n      Who thro\u2019 the world with him would go;\n      But Flora said it would not do:\n      Because their pass that number bore,\n      And one too much was not secure,\n      Herself, her servant, and Betty Burke,\n      Who was going to her mother\u2019s work.\n      The boat\u2019s prepar\u2019d, away they set;\n      But lady Clan-Ronald was in a strait:\n      For soon as she had reached home,\n      Was strict examin\u2019d by Ferguson----\n      Pray where now, Madam, have you been,\n      Seeing a sick child, a dying frien\u2019;\n      My servants might have told the matter;\n      But the child now is somewhat better.\n      For this no proof was but her lips,\n      So he put them both on board of ships,\n      I mean Clan-Ronald and his dame,\n      Who did in sep\u2019rate ships remain,\n      Until to London they were sent,\n      And nothing of each other _kent_,\n      Long twelve months there they did remain;\n      Before they saw their homes again.\n\n        Now poor O\u2019Neil was left alone,\n      And through the hills a wand\u2019ring gone,\n      By chance he met with Sullivan;\n      As on the shore they both did stan\u2019\n      A French cutter came in their sight,\n      With pendent flying, colours bright,\n      O\u2019Neil her hail\u2019d, and to she came,\n      To _fetch_ the Prince was all her aim.\n      O\u2019Neil desir\u2019d them there to stay,\n      And he to bring him back wou\u2019d try:\n      Then off he sets along the shore,\n      A trav\u2019lling for a day or more,\n      As the wind had contrary been,\n      Into some creek they might be seen:\n      But finding he was gone for Sky,\n      He thought to touch there going by,\n      Knowing the secret, the way plann\u2019d,\n      The very place he was to land.\n      Night and day he did not spare,\n      Back to the cutter he did repair;\n      But ere he came she was away,\n      Sullivan would no longer stay:\n      For\u2019s life was preciouser to him,\n      Than all the princes in Christendom.\n      He saw some ships afar at sea,\n      Then pray\u2019d the French with him to flee:\n      But had they got O\u2019Neil on board,\n      From Sky the Prince had been secur\u2019d;\n      Yet here O\u2019Neil was left behind,\n      Who soon was taken and confin\u2019d,\n      And sent to Berwick upon Tweed,\n      Where he remain\u2019d some time indeed,\n      Thence by cartel was sent to France\n      Pass\u2019d for an officer from thence.\n\n        Sullivan was got home before him,\n      The cow\u2019rdliest cur in all the _quorum_:\n      For had he staid three hours in Uist,\n      They\u2019d carry\u2019d their Prince safe off the coast:\n      For O\u2019Neil would made them touch at Sky,\n      The very place which they past by,\n      Where he knew the Prince was to \u2019bide:\n      But Sullivan sav\u2019d his own hide,\n      And with all speed went home to France,\n      Left them behind to Providence.\n\n        As the Prince, Miss Flora and her man,\n      Were just about to quit the land,\n      Four king\u2019s wherries came in their view,\n      Where armed men were not a few:\n      Back to the heather they\u2019re forc\u2019d to fly,\n      And there some time conceal\u2019d to ly,\n      These wherries soon went out of sight,\n      And then came on a pleasant night,\n      Their boat ready they put to sea;\n      But were not gone past leagues three,\n      \u2019Till dark and dismal grew the skies,\n      The wind and waves did dreadful rise,\n      In open boat, no compass had,\n      Only two men, whose skill was bad.\n      Here Charles\u2019 courage was at a stand,\n      Tempests by sea and storms by land;\n      For wind and wave did fight again\u2019 him\n      And nothing seemed to befrien\u2019 him.\n      Miss Flora she fell fast asleep,\n      The rest by oars and helm did keep,\n      And when the day light did appear,\n      They knew not to what hand to steer,\n      The wind had vary\u2019d in the night:\n      At last of Sky they got a sight.\n      At _Waternish_, the west of Sky,\n      Upon that point to land did try;\n      But the red-coats were swarming there,\n      To ship about they did prepare:\n      They smartly fir\u2019d to bring \u2019em too,\n      But all in vain, it would not do.\n      Two men of war were hov\u2019ring by,\n      And there it was no time to stay;\n      So, off they set before the wind,\n      And all their foes they left behind.\n      The alarm up to the village went;\n      Yet to pursue they were not bent,\n      Knowing all boats were in a fright;\n      So about they put when out of sight,\n      And landed in a little creek,\n      Under a rock did shelter seek,\n      The men to rest and be refresh\u2019d,\n      Who all the night were sorely dash\u2019d:\n      And then to sea again did go,\n      Lest some should of their landing know.\n      They were not half a mile from shore,\n      Till they see\u2019d pursuers half a score,\n      All running to the very place,\n      Which they had left a little space.\n      Then to the north twelve miles they stood,\n      At _Tornish_ made their landing good.\n      Near Alexander MacDonald\u2019s house,\n      Where went Miss Flora bold and crouse,\n      As Sir Alexr. was not at home;\n      But to visit Duke William gone,\n      Only his factor, who prov\u2019d a friend,\n      And how to act Miss to him mean\u2019d:\n      As a military officer was there,\n      She told him where he should repair,\n      And meet the Prince in woman\u2019s dress,\n      To whom he went in full express,\n      With bread and wine, and other food,\n      Then took the hills, a private road\n      To his own house to be conceal\u2019d,\n      Though afterwards it was reveal\u2019d.\n      Miss Flora on horseback, and another\n      Kept the high-way, for to discover\n      What militia or foes might be;\n      From all dangers to keep him free,\n      Miss Flora, her man, and a Highland maid,\n      Coming on the way, She to Miss said,\n      \u201cThat _Lawland Carlin gangs_ like a man,\n      \u201cShe strides o\u2019er far by half a span,\n      \u201cI wonder Kingsborough\u2019s not afraid,\n      \u201cTo crack sae wi\u2019 that English jade:\n      \u201cSee how her coats _wamels_ again,\n      \u201cThese English women can fight like men.\u201d\n      No, said Miss, She\u2019s an Irish woman:\n      Cries, Lady Marg\u2019ret, Are you coming?\n      (Not liking what the girl had said)\n      Go after Kingsborough yon road,\n      And you\u2019ll be there as soon as we,\n      Thus she kept him from suspicion free;\n      And to the house they came at last\n      Before elev\u2019n o\u2019clock was past.\n      But Kingsb\u2019ro\u2019s wife was gone to bed,\n      Thinking that no such stranger wad,\n      At such a time come to her door:\n      For th\u2019 two young ladies were oft before.\n      She sent them word to take the key,\n      With all in the house for to make free;\n      But Kingsbro\u2019 said that would not do,\n      Herself must rise, and quickly too.\n      The child ran back and told her plain,\n      Such a lang wife she ne\u2019er saw nane,\n      As that was walking through the ha\u2019,\n      Her like was never there awa\u2019,\n      Therefore she\u2019d go no more for fear,\n      Then up she rose and did appear:\n      And the one who walked through the hall,\n      Did her salute and kiss with all,\n      Whereat she started and was afraid,\n      Being so prick\u2019d with a lady\u2019s beard:\n      Then to her husband said, whisp\u2019ring ways,\n      Is not this a gentleman in disguise?\n      His pricking beard does me convince,\n      Pray ask him, What\u2019s come of the Prince?\n      The Prince, my dear, Why this is he----\n      Oh, said she, then we\u2019ll hanged be----\n      A well, said he, We\u2019ll die but once,\n      Get supper for him, cakes and scones,\n      Butter and cheese, we have eggs enow:\n      What! That for a Prince will never do.\n      Yes, for rarities be nowise griev\u2019d;\n      You little know how he has liv\u2019d:\n      And with ceremony be not affected,\n      Lest by your servants he be suspected,\n      He supp\u2019d that night and went to sleep\n      As a stranger lady, all snug was kept.\n      On the morrow he rose and was drest,\n      And for their kindness thanks exprest:\n      Miss Flora and the other Miss,\n      They had him in his robes to dress,\n      The gown, the _mutch_, and petticoat,\n      Such stuff to wear he loved not;\n      But because to them in such he came,\n      He should go off wearing the same,\n      Lest by enquiry they might provoke\n      What they were, being stranger folk.\n      Then Kingsborough\u2019s wife did them desire,\n      To ask a _pickle_ of his hair.\n      And they in _Galick_ did debate,\n      Who should it ask, they were so blate:\n      He understood, the reason _speir\u2019d_\n      Of their debate, desir\u2019d to hear\u2019t,\n      This freely granted as soon as told,\n      And to their sheers his head did hold,\n      The lock was parted \u2019mongst the three,\n      Of their dear Prince mindful to be,\n      An ancient _freit_, a Highland _charm_,\n      Look on that hair her heart will _warm_.\n      Kingsb\u2019rough a bundle of men\u2019 clothes took\n      Far from his house, to a wood _nuik_,\n      Remounted him in Highland dress,\n      There he much kindness did express----\n      They wept, they kiss\u2019d, and off he goes,\n      While drops of blood fell from his nose.\n      Their hearts were great, you may weel _ken_,\n      They parted ne\u2019er to meet again.\n      A guide sent wi\u2019m the mountain way,\n      Had a boat ready, the freight did pay,\n      At _Portree_, or the king\u2019s port,\n      Miss Flora\u2019s there ere he came to\u2019t.\n      And here they parted at Portree,\n      Where thanking her most heartilie,\n      Miss Flora did no longer wait;\n      But went to \u2019r mother\u2019s house at _Slate_.\n\n        Now Kingsborough did Raaza send\n      To meet the Prince, and be his friend,\n      With sev\u2019ral of his trusties there,\n      Who in his expeditions were,\n      Both at Culloden and Falkirk.\n      To _Portree_ came when it was dark,\n      Both John MacKenzie and Donald Frier,\n      Who had been with him far and near,\n      They set off in a little boat,\n      And safely into _Glam_ all got:\n      In a mean hut their dwelling made,\n      For kid and lamb young Raaza _gade_:\n      There was no bedding to be found,\n      They\u2019re oblig\u2019d to lie upon the ground:\n      His pillow was a _wisp_ of Ling:\n      Poor state for a pretended king!\n      This was in July the first day,\n      And here _incog._ some time they lay.\n\n        Now Ferguson got the sure tract\n      From the two men, as they went back,\n      Who did him and Miss Flora bring\n      Out of Uist, and everything,\n      His coat, his _mutch_, his very gown,\n      From whence they came, and whither boun\u2019,\n      How Malton\u2019s daughter and Kingsborough too,\n      Went all together out of their view.\n      Then Ferg\u2019son with a party came\n      To Kingsb\u2019ro\u2019s house, and did deman\u2019,\n      Which way the young Pretender went?\n      Where he and Miss Flora were sent?\n      Whether they lay in one bed together?\n      What clothes he came in, or went thither?\n      Few answers to him Kingsb\u2019rough made:\n      What! said his wife, \u201cMiss Flora\u2019s maid,\n      \u201cThey staid all night and went away,\n      \u201cWhether man or woman was I to try?\u201d\n      Then, said he, Show where they were laid,\n      Where lay the Miss? where lay the maid?\n      Now then, quoth he, I have you fast:\n      Because the maid\u2019s bed is the best.\n      Then Kingsborough away was led\n      To Fort-Augustus, hard bestead,\n      Plunder\u2019d of\u2019s watch, buckles and shoes,\n      And all the cash was in his trews,\n      In a dungeon deep, iron\u2019d he lay,\n      Thence to Ed\u2019nburgh castle sent away,\n      And there confin\u2019d was kept one year,\n      Till by the Act of Grace set clear.\n      For love of Charlie he got this,\n      And poor Miss Flora no better was:\n      For she was scarce ten days at home,\n      Until she got a card to come\n      And speak unto an officer,\n      Who had no great good will to her:\n      This for a night she did delay,\n      And on the morrow, by the way,\n      A party meets, in search of her,\n      By whom she was made prisoner,\n      And carry\u2019d instantly away,\n      On board a ship that very day,\n      The Furnace, captain Ferguson,\n      Who did show lenity to none.\n      But good for her, as fortunes were,\n      That gen\u2019ral Campbell, as judge sat there:\n      Though she before made \u2019quivocation,\n      She told to him the true relation,\n      And the general did use her well,\n      Since she the truth did not conceal:\n      For of the deed she thought no shame,\n      To any in need she\u2019d do the same.\n      Said she, \u201cI\u2019ve no cause to betray,\n      \u201cOr yet to wish his life away,\n      \u201cWherefore then should I do him wrong?\n      \u201cTo you soldiers does such belong.\n      \u201cIf that a price be on his head?\n      \u201c\u2019Tis for those by blood who have their bread.\u201d\n\n        The gen\u2019ral then had nought to say;\n      But gave her leave, on the next day,\n      Of her friends to go and take farewel;\n      Her mother heart-sore grief did feel:\n      An officer and forty men\n      Did guard her there, and back again.\n      Then she unto the _Nore_ was sent,\n      Five months on sea, where no friend _kent_,\n      At last to London was convey\u2019d,\n      There with a messenger to bide,\n      Till the month of July Forty Seven,\n      That she was home to Edinburgh driv\u2019n,\n      When by the Act of Grace reliev\u2019d,\n      She\u2019s now in Sky, yet unmischiev\u2019d.\n\n        Now Charles at Glam, in Raaza lay,\n      Long, long he thought to get away,\n      Hard was his living, poor his hut,\n      Upon all heights they watches put.\n      A stranger to this island came\n      To sell tobacco, perhaps a sham;\n      For after all his roll was sold,\n      He daily through the island stroll\u2019d,\n      And to the hut one day drew nigh;\n      Then Raaza swore he was a spy,\n      And cockt his pistol, him to shoot,\n      The Prince cry\u2019d, No, You shall not do\u2019t.\n      That poor man may innocent be,\n      Without a fault he shall not die.\n      The poor man then went stepping by,\n      And did not ev\u2019n look to their _stye_.\n      Now, said the Prince, what would ye said,\n      If innocent blood had here been shed?\n      Too much, indeed, on my account:\n      At this some seem\u2019d to take affront;\n      Yet as a joke he past it by,\n      And then propos\u2019d to go for Sky,\n      In the small boat which brought them there,\n      So for the voy\u2019ge they did prepare.\n\n        Toward ev\u2019ning they put to sea,\n      And then the wind rose wond\u2019rous high,\n      The boatmen begg\u2019d to put about;\n      But he was obst\u2019nate on his rout,\n      And told them life was but a chance,\n      They were in hands of Providence:\n      He leav\u2019d the water with a scoop,\n      And bid them in their Maker hope,\n      The boat is making a good way,\n      No man will die but him that\u2019s _fey_,\n      We\u2019ve all in dangers been ere now:\n      At Nicolson\u2019s rock they brought her to,\n      Near _Scorebreck_ in _Trotternish_,\n      Their lodging in a byre it was,\n      All wet and weary as they were,\n      Lay on the ground, sleep seiz\u2019d him there,\n      In which he sigh\u2019d, and starting said,\n      \u201cPoor people, poor people, hard bestead!\u201d\n      He then awak\u2019d, and thus did say,\n      \u201cMalcom, dear captain, is it yet day?\n      \u201cYou\u2019ve watch\u2019d too long, now take a sleep,\n      \u201cAnd I myself will centry keep.\u201d\n      \u201cNo, said MacLeod, Sir, if you please,\n      \u201cI know this ground best, take your ease,\n      \u201cThere\u2019s not a house near by two mile,\n      \u201cOur friends are few into this isle,\n      \u201cThe red coats are not far from us,\n      \u201cTo slip my charge is dangerous.\u201d\n\n        So here they did remain next day,\n      Before they could venture away,\n      Having no bread, or ought to eat,\n      (For a King\u2019s Court, a poor mean treat!)\n      Except water, sprung from the ground,\n      No meat or drink could there be found.\n      Two bottles of brandy was all their store,\n      On earth they had no substance more,\n      Nor in that place durst one look out\n      For en\u2019mies planted round about.\n      When night came on, they parted all,\n      Captain MacLeod we shall him call,\n      Did undertake to be his guide,\n      One bottle of brandy by his side,\n      Over muir and mountain, wood and glen,\n      Between hope and despair they ran.\n      The Prince as servant did appear;\n      Because he did the baggage bear,\n      A hairy wallet on his back,\n      Just like a chapman and his pack,\n      Wanting the _breiks_, with legs all bare,\n      Into his hand his _brogues_ did bear,\n      A napkin ty\u2019d around his head,\n      In this posture forward they _gade_,\n      Long thirty miles ere they took rest,\n      Water and brandy was all their feast:\n      Because they had no other cheer,\n      For house or hut they went not near,\n      Till at _Ellighill_, the place call\u2019d Ord,\n      Whereof MacKinnon is the lord,\n      Their brandy-bottle now was done,\n      And here they hid it under groun\u2019:\n      Yet were they in a strait again,\n      Meeting two of MacKinnon\u2019s men,\n      Who had on the expedition been,\n      And oft before the Prince had seen,\n      Who knew him well, though in disguise,\n      Fell down and bursted out in cries.\n      Then Malcom, Hush, to them did call,\n      Or else they would discover all,\n      To which they swore, by all that\u2019s Good,\n      They\u2019d rather spend their dearest blood,\n      So faithfully they did conceal it,\n      And did not in the least reveal it.\n\n        Now were they come unto the place,\n      Where Malcom\u2019s sister married was\n      To John MacKinnon, who\u2019d captain been\n      Along with Charles in armour _keen_;\n      But had got clear by Proclamation,\n      And for to skulk had no occasion.\n      He orders the Prince, now Lewis Cawe,\n      For to ly down some space awa\u2019,\n      While he into his sister\u2019s went,\n      Their doleful case to represent.\n      She him embrac\u2019d, and wept amain,\n      As in the war she thought him slain:\n      He said, dear sister, here I\u2019m come\n      Myself to hide, if you have room,\n      With one, my servant, Lewis Cawe,\n      In the same case, hard is our fa\u2019:\n      He\u2019s a surgeon\u2019s son, who came from Crief\n      Shelter to seek and some relief.\n      Then poor sick Lewis was called in,\n      With head bound up, he look\u2019d right grim,\n      And by his master there he did stand,\n      With head uncover\u2019d, bonnet in hand:\n      But the Captain urg\u2019d him to sit down,\n      And put his bonnet on his crown,\n      Since there are no strangers here,\n      Come, eat with me, Lewis, my dear.\n      And when their dinner over was,\n      The Captain says, Our feet we\u2019ll wash:\n      The servant-maid brought water then,\n      And wash\u2019d his feet with tender han\u2019.\n      Said he, my lad\u2019s not well, I know,\n      You\u2019ll wash his feet before you go;\n      But she reply\u2019d, I _ken_ some better,\n      \u2019Tis fair enough if I bring water,\n      He\u2019s but your lad, as you me tell,\n      _Dat loon may wash her feet hersel_;\n      Being forc\u2019d to do\u2019t, through mere constraint,\n      To work in a rude way she went,\n      Rubbed his toes, made the water rise\n      At every plash, betwixt his thighs;\n      On this he to the Captain said,\n      She rubs too hard this saucy maid,\n      I had far better do\u2019t mysell,\n      _In trout_, quo\u2019 she, _an sae ye sall_,\n      Then both of them to sleep were put,\n      The goodwife went to a hill-top\n      For to keep watch, lest from the sea\n      Incursions should come suddenlie.\n      As King\u2019s ships hover\u2019d all about,\n      And parties through the land did scout.\n      Just as they wak\u2019d the husband came,\n      When Malcom heard, he to him ran,\n      And did salute him in the field,\n      Which meeting did great pleasure yield;\n      Because that word was to them brought,\n      He kill\u2019d was at Culloden fight.\n      And after they had talk\u2019d a while,\n      Think you yon ships will touch this isle?\n      Says John, I know not but they might;\n      Because they\u2019re never out of sight.\n      What if our Prince a pris\u2019ner be,\n      In one of those ships which we see?\n      God forbid, then John reply\u2019d;\n      But of his \u2019scape I\u2019m much afraid:\n      For our nation\u2019s guarded round about,\n      And through the land there\u2019s many a scout.\n      But do you think, if he were here,\n      He would be safe, in such a stir?\n      Ay, safe be sure, whate\u2019er they do,\n      I wish we had him here just now.\n      Then said he, John, he\u2019s in your house;\n      But to salute him, be cautious:\n      Because your wife, nor none else knows,\n      By the name of Lewis Cawe he goes,\n      My servant, a surgeon\u2019s son in Crief,\n      Like us, brought to trouble and grief:\n      Therefore behave when in you go,\n      That none within the house may know.\n      So home they came, and in he goes,\n      Then courteously poor Lewis rose,\n      Bare-headed stood, bonnet in hand,\n      But John could not himself command,\n      Burst out in tears, and on him flew,\n      Oh-hon, Oh-hon, What\u2019s this on you!\n      From splendor into deep distress!\n      He cry\u2019d, and could no more express.\n      Wife and servants stood in amaze,\n      And did upon poor Lewis gaze:\n      Then Malcom in a passion flew,\n      And swore that he had fools enow,\n      Hurry\u2019d them to another place,\n      And told his sister all the case,\n      That he and poor Lewis was in,\n      Charged her forthwith for to run,\n      And bind her servants to secresie,\n      Or else they soon would ruin\u2019d be.\n\n        When his sister knew what guest he was,\n      Her kindness she did the more express,\n      And said, Upon her very knees\n      She\u2019d travel for to give him ease.\n      They then to consultation went,\n      To get him to the Continent:\n      Because the isles were dangerous,\n      Soldiers searching every bush.\n      John then unto the laird he went,\n      To try how his affection bent,\n      By long-wind stories laments his case,\n      In being hunted from place to place.\n      Oh, said the laird, were he now here,\n      I\u2019d lay my life to get him clear,\n      And set him safe on the main land.\n      Then John he told him, clean off hand,\n      Where he was, and in what place,\n      And to his conscience left his case.\n      Go tell him, I\u2019ll be with him soon,\n      To see what quickly shall be done.\n      John went home, the laird soon came,\n      With loyal affections, as chief o\u2019s Clan,\n      And told, that for him he did provide\n      A good stout boat, pilot and guide,\n      That he himself design\u2019d to go\n      To the main land with him also,\n      A thousand blessings on him prays,\n      And wish\u2019d him long and happy days.\n\n        Then Malcom said, he would return,\n      Which caus\u2019d the Prince in tears to mourn:\n      Captain, he said, will you leave me now?\n      On the main land, what shall I do?\n      Then said the laird, leave that to me,\n      On the main land I\u2019ll you supplie.\n      Sir, said Malcom, by now I\u2019m mist\n      By friends, by foes, and this I trust\n      For to be ta\u2019en, when I return,\n      Then I\u2019ll tell a tale of my sojourn,\n      Of all my travels how I was here,\n      Seeing my friends and sister dear;\n      But if they chance us to pursue,\n      They\u2019ll hear of me along with you:\n      For answer then, what could I say?\n      What man ye was, or gone what way?\n      Which accordingly it came to pass:\n      For he twelve months confined was,\n      And saw great London for the same,\n      There try\u2019d and came with Flora _hame_.\n\n        So to the boat they all did go,\n      Which lay upon the shore below:\n      And as to it they did draw near,\n      Two men of war there did appear,\n      Came cruising in before the wind,\n      Hard on the shore, as they design\u2019d,\n      Which caused them to sit down a space,\n      And smoak a pipe in a hollow place.\n      A silver stock-buckle to Malcom he _geid_,\n      And ten guineas too in his _loof_ he laid,\n      Which he did often times refuse;\n      But begg\u2019d some trifle that he did use;\n      Then, said he, Captain, Your pay\u2019s too cheap,\n      Besides, you will have my cutty pipe,\n      And when you blow\u2019t, you\u2019ll think on me,\n      As I have got another you see:\n      And take these lines to Murdoch MacLeod,\n      To pay respect to him I\u2019m proud.\n      The men of war having laid about,\n      Toward the boat they took the rout,\n      The writing in the letter this,\n      As writ _verbatim_, here it is,\n\nSIR,\n\n_I THANK God, I am in good health and have got off as\ndesigned.----Remember me to all friends, and thank them for the\ntrouble they have been at----I am, Sir, Your humble Servant_,\n\n  JAMES THOMSON.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. XII.\n\n_Sundry dangers and hardships on the main shore. Meets with six\nmen who relieve him. Almost starved. Goes to Lochaber. Meets with\nLochiel. Gets off from Moidart._\n\n\n      Now, the men of war being out of sight,\n      On the eighth of July, at eight at night,\n      The laird of MacKinnon, John by name,\n      With a pilot, guide, and four boat-men,\n      All on board with him they went,\n      To carry him to the Continent.\n      The night indeed was fair and clear;\n      But not above a mile they were,\n      Till wind and waves did rise in ire,\n      This providence we may admire,\n      Which seemed to be frowning on him,\n      The very waves striving to drown him,\n      And on their boat, came straight a-head,\n      A boat with men all well armed:\n      But the sea was high, the wind so blew,\n      And nought but present death in view,\n      They hail\u2019d each other, and that was all,\n      It was no time to search or call:\n      Had not this storm proved their frien\u2019,\n      He\u2019d surely in their clutches been.\n      And when they reached the main land,\n      Under the _lee_ they\u2019re forc\u2019d to stand,\n      The pilot ran her into a creek,\n      Got past the breakers, \u2019mong sand and _sleik_,\n      There they landed him and his guide,\n      And chus\u2019d no longer to abide:\n      But to the sea again did go;\n      Because the storm did fiercely blow.\n      And as they were returning back,\n      A boat from _Morar_ did them \u2019ttack;\n      And old MacKinnon was pris\u2019ner made,\n      Being, by direction, to him led,\n      By a party who did the two pursue,\n      And the boat who of them had a view\n      The night before, when going over:\n      The facts of all they could discover,\n      At _Morar_, on his going back,\n      The laird MacKinnon they did take,\n      And prov\u2019d the deed which he had done,\n      For which they sent him to London.\n      In Southwark goal long did he ly,\n      With heavy fetters did him ty,\n      Till in Forty Seven, the next year\n      By Act of Grace he got home clear.\n\n        Now Charlie went to Glen-Brasdale,\n      Where he heard tell of brave Lochiel,\n      Who about Loch-aber was lurking there;\n      But to get to him great dangers were:\n      As a line was form\u2019d from Inverness,\n      Which reached to Fort-Augustus,\n      From thence unto Fort-William again,\n      Night and day stood armed men.\n      The word, in a few minutes, did wheel,\n      From end to end, _All is well_;\n      And from Fort-William to Locharkaig-head,\n      Another line was likewise made.\n      Thus he did in Glen-Brasdale ly,\n      Till circled almost every way.\n      Gen\u2019ral Campbell with four hundred men,\n      Upon the south-west side did land:\n      Captain Scot, with five hundred more,\n      Advancing from the easter shore,\n      And came within two miles of way,\n      They knew not what to do or say:\n      He sent for Cam\u2019ron of Glen-Pan,\n      Who chus\u2019d to be his guide and van,\n      To Lovat\u2019s country for to go,\n      The braes of Locharkaig as he did know,\n      With them went Glenaladale and his brother,\n      Boradale\u2019s two boys, there was no other:\n      First went the guide on\u2019s hands and knees,\n      After past the Prince and the two boys,\n      Glenaladale and his brother at last,\n      Favour\u2019d by the night, they quietly past\n      So near their tents they heard their speech,\n      And ere day, got far out of reach,\n      Right safe into Glen-Morriston,\n      Left Glenaladale and him alone.\n\n        One day, as they a travelling were,\n      Over a desart mountain there,\n      Glenaladale chanc\u2019d to lose his purse,\n      With forty guineas which in it was,\n      And money behind it they had none,\n      The Prince\u2019s being spent and gone.\n      While Glen. return\u2019d his purse to seek,\n      Charlie lay down at a bush _cheek_,\n      And there appear\u2019d unto his view,\n      A band of soldiers not a few,\n      Just upon that very spot\n      Where they had met, were\u2019t not the lot\n      Of turning for that very purse\n      Kept them from what had been much worse.\n      So, close he lay, slie as a tod,\n      Being at some distance from the road,\n      And saw them take another rout,\n      That they\u2019d met Glen. he had no doubt,\n      Being gone quite the contrary way\n      For which he thankfully did pray.\n      Glen. found his purse and turn\u2019d again,\n      They chang\u2019d their rout through a wild glen,\n      Where nothing had they for to eat,\n      Full forty hours they wanted meat:\n      Weak and weary were they both,\n      Water indeed they had enough;\n      But found no sheep or venison,\n      The cattle being plund\u2019red and gone.\n\n        At last, they chanced for to spy\n      A little smoking hut, near by:\n      Then said the Prince, Thither I\u2019ll go,\n      Whether they should prove friend or foe:\n      Better for us be kill\u2019d like men,\n      Than starved like fools: What say\u2019st thou Glen?\n      Yet Glen refus\u2019d, and said, I fear,\n      They may be King\u2019s-men watching here:\n      But in the Prince goes to the hut,\n      Which them in some confusion put;\n      Six sturdy thieves resided there,\n      Who at their dinner sitting were,\n      At a weighty piece of boiled beef,\n      For hungry men a blest relief.\n      Peace be here, the Prince did cry,\n      You\u2019re welcome, sir, they did reply;\n      One star\u2019d at him, then up he flew,\n      Ah Dougal MacColony, is this you?\n      I\u2019m glad to see thee, with all my heart,\n      Sit down with us and take a part.\n      By winks, he found that he was known,\n      Return\u2019d him thanks, and then sat down,\n      Ate hearty, and seem\u2019d very merry,\n      Talk\u2019d of the times, found by enquiry,\n      That ev\u2019ry one spake as his frien\u2019,\n      And had all at Culloden been;\n      But only one of them him knew,\n      He then bethought him what to do,\n      And after dinner they took a walk,\n      With that same man to have some talk,\n      Who told him all the strengths about,\n      Where parties lay, and what to doubt.\n      And as, said he, \u201cThe other five,\n      \u201cAre as faithful fellows as alive,\n      \u201cYou may your safety to them trust,\n      \u201cYour case by them\u2019s lamented most.\n      \u201cHere do we all in private stay,\n      \u201cAnd make incursions for our prey:\n      \u201cFor meat and drink we do not want,\n      \u201cOf silver and gold we are not scant:\n      \u201cAnd since \u2019tis such a roaring time,\n      \u201cTo steal and rob we think no crime.\u201d\n      The other five were call\u2019d and told,\n      Who did rejoice him to behold,\n      And swore that he should with them stay,\n      Till he found it safe to get away.\n      \u2019Tween Strath-Ferrar and Glen-Morr\u2019ston,\n      They kept up huts, yea more than one,\n      And kindly there did entertain him;\n      To the very last they did befrien\u2019 him,\n      And ere that he should taken be,\n      They every man would for him die.\n      While here he liv\u2019d on stollen beef,\n      Right suddenly there came relief:\n      Rod\u2019rick MacKenzie, a merchant-man,\n      At Ed\u2019nburgh town had join\u2019d the Clan,\n      Had in the expedition been,\n      And at this time durst not be seen,\n      Being sculking in Glen-Morriston,\n      Him the soldiers lighted on,\n      Near about the Prince\u2019s age and size,\n      Genteelly drest, in no disguise.\n      In every feature, for\u2019s very face,\n      Might well be taken in any case,\n      And lest he\u2019d like a dog be hang\u2019d,\n      He chose to die with sword in hand,\n      And round him like a mad-man struck,\n      Vowing alive he\u2019d ne\u2019er be took:\n      Deep wounds he got, and wounds he gave,\n      At last a shot he did receive,\n      And as he fell, them to convince,\n      Cry\u2019d, Ah! Alas! _You\u2019ve kill\u2019d your Prince;\n      Ye murderers and bloody crew\n      You had no orders this to do._\n      This did confirm them in the thought,\n      He was the very man they sought:\n      And ere that he was really dead,\n      They forthwith did cut off his head.\n      Scarce took they time the corpse to bury,\n      Being so o\u2019erjoy\u2019d, in such a hurry.\n      To Fort-Augustus they went with speed,\n      Triumphing o\u2019er poor Charlie\u2019s head.\n      All who had seen him, came it to view,\n      And vow\u2019d the face was just and true;\n      The very barber who us\u2019d to shave him,\n      The sim\u2019lar treats seem\u2019d to deceive him:\n      But, said he, wer\u2019t on his body set,\n      And spake, his voice I\u2019ll not forget.\n      Then to the Duke in haste they\u2019re bound,\n      And claim\u2019d the thirty thousand pound.\n\n        The Duke thought now the work was done,\n      When Charlie\u2019s head was to him shown;\n      Call\u2019d in all out upon command,\n      And caus\u2019d the militia to disband;\n      The ships of war went to the south\n      And Charles\u2019 death did pass for truth.\n      He then for London took his rout,\n      On July eighteenth did set out,\n      As brave Culcairn had sent him word\n      Of Lochiel\u2019s death, ev\u2019n as absurd----\n      When plund\u2019ring of Locharkaig isle,\n      He found the grass cut through the pile,\n      Thinking it was some hidden store,\n      He digg\u2019d it up, and found therefore\n      A man\u2019s body, who dy\u2019d of a sore wound,\n      As appeared when they view\u2019d him round;\n      A fine Holland shirt he on him had,\n      Which soon they _whirled_ o\u2019er his head,\n      Being so much used to plunder,\n      To rob the dead thought little wonder,\n      And him they judg\u2019d to be Lochiel,\n      Yet a near friend of his, they tell,\n      One Cameron, son of Callavat,\n      After which Lochiel no hunting gat,\n      Supposing him and Charlie dead,\n      Though it was two others in their stead.\n      So all the parties far and near,\n      To Fort-Augustus did retire:\n      Yet some of them were soon sent back\n      To burn and plunder, and to take\n      Some great offenders, as Barrisdale,\n      In which attempts they oft did fail:\n      For although the Duke\u2019s to London gone,\n      Burning and plunder still went on.\n\n        Now, the Prince into Loch-aber went,\n      The seat of Lochiel, where he was bent\n      To know if he in life might be,\n      As word of\u2019s death o\u2019er all did flee,\n      And the Prince\u2019s death so struck Lochiel,\n      That neither did bemoan himsel;\n      But each lamented for the other,\n      And wept as one would for a mother:\n      But when they heard both were alive,\n      To meet in haste they did contrive,\n      Being only twenty miles between,\n      His brother, the doctor, did them conveen,\n      With the other brother, John the priest,\n      Who had sincerely been in quest,\n      Through many a mountain, wood and glen,\n      And found him out with eager pain,\n      Into a hut, built in a wood,\n      Near Achnasual where it stood.\n      Charles at a distance did them spy,\n      Made him and Achnasual fly,\n      Not knowing what kind of men they were,\n      Nor what might be their business there;\n      But being inform\u2019d, soon turn\u2019d again,\n      Embrac\u2019d with tears in tender strain,\n      And hearing that Lochiel was well,\n      His heart-felt joy did not conceal.\n      The Prince was now in a poor dress,\n      Poverty\u2019s picture in distress,\n      A black coat with many patches,\n      Barefooted, and wanting breeches,\n      No signs of roy\u2019lty or pride,\n      A durk and pistol by his side,\n      All weather-beaten, his gun in\u2019s hand,\n      Like a Gibeonite, once in Canaan.\n      They had kill\u2019d a cow the day before,\n      Kept a pudding feast, you may be sure,\n      Part of it roast, part of it sodden:\n      But here no bread was to be gotten,\n      No meal nor salt could there be bought;\n      But what\u2019s from Fort-Augustus brought.\n      One man they had was passing free,\n      Came home by chance, _right cannilie_,\n      With a horse-load of provision,\n      Meal and salt, bread and _snishen_,\n      And with him brought a printed News,\n      Which did their whole attentions rouze,\n      How the young Pretender and Lochiel,\n      O\u2019er Corriarick, had pass\u2019d that fell,\n      That they were both alive again,\n      And with them thirty armed men:\n      This caus\u2019d him longer to abide,\n      As safely there he could reside,\n      If a new searching should ensue,\n      His watchmen here were good and true,\n      Dismis\u2019t Glenaladale for home,\n      With the men came from Glen-Morriston,\n      Kept with him only Captain MacRow,\n      Cameron the priest, and other two,\n      With Cluny\u2019s children, they kept the hut,\n      And tour about on watch were put.\n\n        About this time from Dunkirk came\n      Sixty gentlemen, who in a band\n      As volunteers had freely join\u2019d,\n      To bring him from the British ground.\n      At Polliver, in Seaforth\u2019s country,\n      Four of them landed privately,\n      The rest, on sea, kept hov\u2019ring round;\n      And left a signal, how to be found,\n      And where they were for to bring to:\n      These were their orders how to do.\n      Soon after two of them were ta\u2019en,\n      One Fitzgerald, called by name,\n      An officer belong\u2019d to Spain,\n      Was hanged up at Fort-William,\n      Proven to be a Flander\u2019s spy,\n      Judg\u2019d for same end, he came that way.\n      The other was Monsuer de Berards,\n      An officer of the French guards,\n      Who from the gallows was befrien\u2019d,\n      And by cartel again redeem\u2019d.\n      The other two wandered about,\n      Till Lochgarie sent, and found them out;\n      Strangers they seem\u2019d, but who could know\n      Whether that they were friend or foe?\n      Captain MacRow did them invite,\n      At Lochgarie\u2019s with him to meet,\n      To him they plainly did unfold\n      From whence they came, and that they would\n      Fain see the Prince, or yet Lochiel,\n      Having letters to them and words to tell,\n      Or else to one call\u2019d Captain Drummond,\n      And more they would reveal to no man.\n\n        Lochgarie judg\u2019d they might be spies,\n      Strove to be cautious and wise,\n      First he sent them to Lochiel,\n      With what suspicion he had himsel:\n      Lochiel order\u2019d the Prince to come in,\n      Under the name of Captain Drummond,\n      As they the Prince did never see,\n      He told them where the two should be,\n      Bade him a letter bring, as from him come,\n      To tell their secrets unto him,\n      And this the Prince actually did,\n      Met in a hut, built in a wood,\n      And kept converse with them a day,\n      Then to meet Lochiel went on his way,\n      For to consult what might be done,\n      Out of Scotland once for to win:\n      For the small ship the Frenchmen left,\n      Quite off the coast were, all abaft,\n      And never did at all appear:\n      But forc\u2019d homeward with dread to steer,\n      And the officers, as I heard tell,\n      Were kept, by orders of Lochiel,\n      Most secretly into a hut,\n      Until a ship was ready got.\n\n        While the Prince yet at Clun\u2019s hut lay,\n      One morning, early of the day,\n      A child of Clun\u2019s came running in,\n      Crying, \u201cO-hon! the red coats and the gun!\u201d\n      Which caus\u2019d them hurry out and see\n      A party coming, and that right nigh:\n      Cluny, John Cameron and his son\n      Into the wood did quickly run.\n      Clun stood their motions to behold,\n      The others ran to the Prince and told:\n      He sleeping was in another hut,\n      Farther in the wood and more remote;\n      They plainly said, they were surrounded;\n      Then up he rose, no wise confounded,\n      Says he, My lads, review your guns,\n      And let us die like Scotland\u2019s sons,\n      For me, I\u2019ve been a shooter bred,\n      To miss a mark I\u2019m not afraid;\n      Yet we\u2019ll escape them if we may,\n      And live to see a better day.\n      Captain MacRow and Clun\u2019s old son\n      Were in another hut alone,\n      He sent for them, they came with speed,\n      And to the hill did all proceed,\n      Being eight in number, they were no more,\n      Soldiers they saw above five score.\n      But what gave them the most surprise,\n      Was that the soldiers had past their spies,\n      Which they had planted round about,\n      Them to inform of every rout:\n      This caus\u2019d them be the more afraid,\n      And think they surely were betray\u2019d.\n      Then a hill-top they march\u2019d unto,\n      Where of the party they had a view,\n      And all around could no more spy,\n      Than what were of the first party.\n      Next to Mallantagart\u2019s top they flee,\n      High above the braes of Glenkengie;\n      Then Cameron, the priest, and Clun\u2019s son,\n      To make discov\u2019ry did backward run.\n      Two hundred men had gone that way,\n      Headed by Knockardo of Strathspey,\n      A going to plunder Barrisdale,\n      And of Clun\u2019s ten cow\u2019s left not a tail,\n      Which he few days before had bought,\n      When burnt his house and left him nought,\n      And yet they thought it was no crime,\n      To plunder him a second time,\n      The very hut they rummaged,\n      Out of which they had lately fled.\n      Clun in the wood all the while lay,\n      And saw them drive his cows away,\n      Until perceiving they were gone,\n      Then he return\u2019d crying, Oh-hon\n      What, Shall I e\u2019er thus plunder\u2019d be?\n      For shelter now, where shall I flee?\n      Went with his son for bread and cheese,\n      Four bottles of whisk they did not seize:\n      His stores all under ground were hid,\n      Cover\u2019d with turff into the wood.\n      Being midnight ere they reach\u2019d the spot,\n      Where Charles lay trembling and wet,\n      They drank the whisk and eat the cheese,\n      Then of the heather made a _bleeze_.\n      When day came in, _beek\u2019d_ by the sun,\n      They lay and slept till afternoon:\n      Then took their travels that very night,\n      To Achnacarie came full right,\n      Through water to their _cleavings_ high,\n      Dark was the night, they could not see.\n      Upon the morrow they kill\u2019d a cow,\n      Whereof they fill\u2019d their bellies fu\u2019,\n      Without bread, salt or sallad,\n      Sweet hunger relished their palate;\n      They told the flesh, bread was before,\n      And thankful were they had such store,\n      The country being burnt, and plunder\u2019d,\n      And here to live no way they had.\n      On the next day Lochgarie came,\n      And with him doctor Cameron,\n      On their return back from Lochiel,\n      They bade the Prince for safety still,\n      To cross the hills near Badenoch;\n      For Athole _braes_ were safe enough,\n      Among good friends could _skulk_ a while,\n      Till time was found to leave this isle,\n      Whereat the Prince was well content,\n      And to their journey then they went,\n      Travell\u2019d by night and slept by day,\n      Through many a _glen_ and _awkward_ way.\n      Lochiel and he again did meet,\n      And loud they cry\u2019d like infants sweet,\n      Contrived now what should be done,\n      Once more all hazards for to run.\n      His brother the priest, of modest mouth,\n      To hire a vessel they sent south,\n      To take them off from the north shore;\n      Because that coast was watch\u2019d no more.\n      But ere that he could get that done,\n      They found another of safer run,\n      On north and west they watches set,\n      Upon the French ships for to wait,\n      Still thinking that the Dunkirk sloop,\n      Might yet be hov\u2019ring round about,\n      From which the Frenchmen did come,\n      And still attempt, to take them home:\n      Their signals to many ships they us\u2019d,\n      But ne\u2019er a one to answer chus\u2019d.\n\n        Now col\u2019nel Warren had got to France,\n      And brought a privateer from Nantz,\n      With three hundred and forty men,\n      Well arm\u2019d, with thirty guns and ten\n      Of carr\u2019ge and swivels which she bore,\n      The best sailer he could procure,\n      The Bellona, of St. Maloes by name,\n      To anchor in Loch Moidart came,\n      And here the col\u2019nel came on shore,\n      To a house where he had been before,\n      About the Prince for to enquire,\n      By chance the watch was waiting there,\n      Who knew what rout the Prince was gone,\n      And made it to the col\u2019nel known,\n      Besides these officers of note,\n      Who now were lurking in a hut.\n      Then to the Prince express he sent,\n      Now was the time for his intent,\n      Who did set out that very night,\n      And message sent to all he might,\n      With speed at Moidart to appear,\n      With Warren, on board of privateer,\n      The two officers likewise came,\n      And met the Prince, who dash\u2019d their frame,\n      Because with him they\u2019d been so free,\n      When they took him Drummond to be.\n      But nevertheless he smil\u2019d it over,\n      Hoping from suff\u2019rings they\u2019d all recover.\n      All who came, did haste on board,\n      Last went himself, then sheath\u2019d his sword,\n      Regretted sore, he was so kind,\n      So many suff\u2019rers left behind.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. XIII.\n\n_Arrives at France. Reception there._\n\n\n      Thus on September the twenti\u2019th day,\n      He from Loch-Moidart sail\u2019d away,\n      The wind was low, the waves were kind,\n      To clear the land they much inclin\u2019d,\n      No tempests rag\u2019d as in times before,\n      As now the blast of Fate was o\u2019er,\n      No foes on sea did them perplex,\n      Till safe at Roscort, near Morlaix,\n      They on the twenty-ninth did land,\n      Poor Charlie and his broken band,\n      Who all had surely been bewitch\u2019d\n      By Spaniards and the subtile French,\n      They then to Paris did proceed,\n      To be refitted, great was their need.\n      He went _incog._ into Versailles,\n      With no attendance at his heels,\n      Receiv\u2019d by King and Queen of France,\n      To them he told his mournful chance,\n      His sufferings they\u2019re surpris\u2019d to hear,\n      And a thousand welcomes did appear.\n      So for his honour, I understand,\n      A _Feu de joy_ they did command,\n      That he should in procession come,\n      With sound of trumpet, beat of drum.\n      In the first coach there was conducted,\n      Lord Og\u2019lvie, Elcho, and Glen-Bucket;\n      And with the Prince, there next came on\n      Lochiel, and lord Lewis Gordon,\n      Pages around, with ten footmen,\n      The Prince of Wales\u2019 liv\u2019ry on them,\n      Kept by the Prince on ev\u2019ry side,\n      While thousands did admire their pride.----\n      Here Kelly who broke London tower,\n      And Stafford, late from Newgate bower,\n      Who both from prison stole away,\n      And in Britain could no longer stay,\n      Young Lochiel brought up the rear,\n      With three gentlemen of the bed chamber.\n      These did all on horseback prance,\n      In procession to the court of France.\n      That night the Prince supt with the King,\n      In Loch-aber the like he had not seen,\n      Nor yet in Uist, fainting for fault,\n      When glad of _brochan_ wanting salt.\n      He hir\u2019d a fine house, _The Theatine_,\n      Which stands upon the banks of Seine,\n      A river does through Paris run,\n      Ev\u2019n as the Thames does through London.\n      His nobles all commissions got,\n      And form\u2019d new reg\u2019ments, Did they not,\n      The Scots, English, and Irish too,\n      Fought well at Vall, and stood full true?\n      The British troops they did not spare,\n      Which was not altogether fair,\n      Commanded by Og\u2019lvie and Lochiel;\n      But Charles took no command himsel.\n      _Incog._ he once to Madrid went;\n      But soon return\u2019d, right ill content:\n      For about this time his brother _gat_,\n      From Rome\u2019s Bishop a Card\u2019nal\u2019s hat,\n      Which does not any honour bring,\n      To Princes of Protestant spring,\n      In connexion with such a See\n      No Protestant can ever be.\n      At this great Charles was much chagrin\u2019d,\n      Would hear no more of him as friend,\n      Omitted ev\u2019n to drink his health,\n      Meaning he\u2019d pledge his soul for wealth.\n\n        While he at Paris did reside,\n      Were silver and copper medals made,\n      With an inscription thus exprest,\n      \u201cCAROLUS WALLIAE PRINCEPS.\u201d\n      This in letters round the head,\n      On the reverse BRITANNIA, read,\n      Then ships with this motto you\u2019d see,\n      \u201cAMOR ET SPES BRITANNIAE.\u201d\n      This did offend the French grandees,\n      And did the King himself displease:\n      It did inform them, that he thought,\n      His pay was poor for what he wrought.\n\n        So here we leave him now to rest,\n      And view his friends sorely distrest,\n      And brought to desolation,\n      Through this deluding cause alone:\n      Schemes of the Devil, Pope and Spain,\n      And French delusion, trust not again\n      You brave Scots-men, I pray beware\n      Of being trick\u2019d into such war.\n\n        Now when this campaign ended was,\n      Troops did to winter quarters pass,\n      Hessians set out for Germany,\n      And at Burnt island put to sea,\n      Where some other reg\u2019ments also went,\n      The Flanders war being still extant.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. XIV.\n\n_Trial and Execution of severals at Kensington, Brampton, and\nCarlisle.----The Lords Kilmarnock, Cromartie, Balmerino, Lovat, and\nCharles Ratcliff._\n\n\n      Poor Scotland yet did sigh and moan,\n      Because her suff\u2019rings were not gone,\n      A time of trial for her deeds,\n      Where many lost their hearts and heads.\n      The mildest was Kensington muir,\n      Not far from London to be sure,\n      Seventeen officers by the neck\n      Were hung like dogs, without respect:\n      No clergy benefit, or Psalms at a\u2019,\n      Cheer\u2019d by the mob with loud huzza:\n      Elev\u2019n at York, shar\u2019d the same fate:\n      Seven at Penrith, thus too were treat:\n      Six at Brampton likewise fell:\n      And nine were butcher\u2019d at Carlisle:\n      Many were sent to the Plantations,\n      To live among the savage nations,\n      Which indeed was a milder act,\n      Than what is in the following tract,\n      Of these poor souls at Carlisle,\n      Whose execution was so vile,\n      A wooden stage they did erect,\n      And first, half strangl\u2019d by the neck,\n      A fire upon the stage was born,\n      Their hearts out of their breasts were torn,\n      The privy part unspared was,\n      Cut off, and dash\u2019d into their face,\n      Then expanded into the fire;\n      But such a sight I\u2019ll ne\u2019er desire,\n      Some beholders swooned away,\n      Others stood mute, had nought to say,\n      And some of a more brutish nature,\n      Did shout _Huzza_, to seal the matter,\n      Some a mourning turn\u2019d about\n      A praying for their souls, no doubt,\n      Some curs\u2019d the butcher, Haxam Willie,\n      Who without remorse used his _gullie_,\n      And for the same a pension got,\n      Thus butchering the _Rebel Scot_.\n      God keep all foes, and friends of mine,\n      From death of such a cruel kind:\n      It did fulfil an English law;\n      But such a sight I never saw.\n      O! may it ever a warning be,\n      From rebellious mobs, to keep us free!\n      My dear Scots-men, a warning take,\n      Superior pow\u2019rs not to forsake,\n      Mind the Apostle\u2019s words, of law and love,\n      Saying, _All power is giv\u2019n from above_.\n      \u2019Tis by will of heav\u2019n kings do reign,\n      The chain of Fate\u2019s not rul\u2019d by men.\n      Every thing must serve its time,\n      And so have kings of Stewart\u2019s line.\n      Methinks they\u2019re fools, whate\u2019er they be,\n      Who draw their sword to stick the sea,\n      Or call upon the wind to _bide_,\n      Think not that strength will turn the tide;\n      Though praying made the sun to stand,\n      When help\u2019d by an Almighty hand:\n      All those who fight without offence,\n      Get but a dreadful recompence:\n      And those who trust in France or Spain,\n      Are fools if e\u2019er they do\u2019t again:\n      Witness poor Charlie and the Scots,\n      What have they got, but bloody throats?\n      Charlie\u2019s from France banish\u2019d, like a thief,\n      A poor reward for his toil and grief.\n      Poor simple Charles they have thee tricked,\n      Thy wage is almost like the wicked.\n\n        Now the trials were brought on,\n      Of the Chiefs who had with Charlie gone,\n      My lord Kilmarnock and Cromartie,\n      In Westminster-Hall judged to be,\n      Lord Lovat and Balmerino,\n      One Mr. Ratcliff indicted also\n      Before their peers, for high treason,\n      Were to the bar brought, one by one,\n      Lord Kilmarnock did first appear,\n      Who humbly own\u2019d his guilt was clear,\n      Confess\u2019d his folly, and heinousness,\n      How obnoxious to punishment he was.\n      For offences of so deep a dye,\n      Begg\u2019d they\u2019d interceed with\u2019s Majesty,\n      That the unshaken fidelitie\n      Of\u2019s ancestors should remembred be,\n      His father having been a steady one,\n      In promoting the Revolution,\n      Took active measures to secure\n      The protestant succession to endure,\n      Which keeps the kingdoms quiet and firm,\n      From arbitrary and Popish harm:\n      This was well known for certain truth.\n      His own ev\u2019ry action from his youth,\n      Upon the strictest enquiry\n      Was a course of firmest loyalty,\n      Until that very unhappy time,\n      He was seduc\u2019d with them to join,\n      Soon after the battle of Preston,\n      He by flatt\u2019ry was prevail\u2019d upon:\n      That he bought no arms, listed no men,\n      Persuaded none to join that train:\n      He endeavour\u2019d their rage to moderate,\n      For sick and wounded med\u2019cines _gat_,\n      And for prisoners begg\u2019d lenity,\n      This many a soldier could testify.\n      That for his error he had feel\u2019d smart,\n      With pining grief and aching heart;\n      Ev\u2019n at Culloden, chus\u2019d not to fly,\n      But rather among the slain to ly:\n      He wish\u2019d Providence had aim\u2019d a shot,\n      That there to fall might been his lot,\n      Ere he\u2019d flee to foreign power for aid:\n      No, that he never wou\u2019d, he said:\n      If he did so, conscience would tell,\n      \u2019Twas continuing in Rebellion still:\n      He had seen a letter from the French court,\n      The British Sovereign to exhort,\n      In what a manner he should deal\n      With such subjects as did rebel.\n      But he abhorr\u2019d the mediation\n      Of any foreign intercession;\n      \u2019Pon his Majesty\u2019s great clemency,\n      For sacred mercy I rely,\n      And if no favour\u2019s to me shown,\n      With resignation, I\u2019ll lay down,\n      My head upon the fatal block,\n      For to receive the dreadful stroke,\n      With my very last breath fervently pray,\n      That th\u2019 illustr\u2019ous house of Hanover may,\n      In peace and prosperity ever shine,\n      And Britain rule, to th\u2019 end of time.\n\n        The earl of Cromartie came next,\n      While all their eyes were on him fixt,\n      He begg\u2019d their lordships for to hear,\n      How ungrateful guilt brought him there,\n      Which justly merited indignation,\n      Of his Majesty, and all the nation.\n      The treasonable offence, said he,\n      He\u2019d ne\u2019er attempt to justifie,\n      His plea did on their compassion ly,\n      And his Majesty\u2019s royal clemency:\n      Appeal\u2019d to his conduct in time bygone,\n      Ere that unhappy Rebellion.\n      Witness the commander at Inverness,\n      And the lord President Forbes,\n      Who knew his acts and loyal ways,\n      Till seduc\u2019d by designing phrase:\n      His awful remorse, made him to fret\n      Severely now, Alas! too late,\n      Life and fortune valu\u2019d not at all,\n      But his loving wife, now drown\u2019d in gall,\n      With a babe unborn, of children eight,\n      All brought to a most mournful plight,\n      His eldest son with these must drie\n      The penalties of his miserie,\n      \u201cLet these Objects of mercy be\n      \u201cKnown to his most gracious Majestie,\n      \u201cLet innocent children now produce\n      \u201cBowels of pity in this house,\n      \u201cAs men of honour be men of feeling,\n      \u201cMy griefs to you needs no revealing.\u201d\n      He pled his blood might quench his crime,\n      That their inn\u2019cence should be kept in mind,\n      That those to mis\u2019ry should not be brought,\n      Who of his guilt had never thought:\n      Since public justice would not let pass\n      From him that cup of bitterness,\n      Desir\u2019d their Lordships to go on,\n      And said, _The will of God be done_.\n\n        Then Balmerino next came on,\n      Who, as friend or foe, regarded none;\n      But star\u2019d about, and look\u2019d as bold,\n      As he had been judge, that court to hold,\n      And \u2019gainst them mov\u2019d a point of law,\n      _His indictment was not worth a straw,\n      As being in the county of Surry founded,\n      For acts of treason in Scotland grounded:\n      Therefore should be in Scotland try\u2019d_;\n      But this the House of Lords deny\u2019d,\n      And said, _The British Parliament\n      Rul\u2019d over all the king\u2019s extent_:\n      Therefore he\u2019s forc\u2019d to wave his plea;\n      But not a fig regarded he,\n      As mercy he scorn\u2019d for to crave.\n      Then all three sentence did receive,\n      \u201cTo be beheaded on Tower-hill,\n      (A humble bow they gave there-till,)\n      \u201cOn the eighteenth August, Forty-Six,\n      \u201cTheir heads be sever\u2019d by an ax,\n      \u201cQuite from their bodies, on open stage,\n      \u201cTo lose both life and heritage,\n      \u201cTheir estates forfeit to the crown.\u201d\n      Which makes the babes unborn frown\n      And parents folly to lament.\n      So to the Tow\u2019r they all were sent,\n      For to prepare for their exit,\n      And with a greater Judge to meet.\n      Kilmarnock was as a Christian mov\u2019d,\n      The time though short he well improv\u2019d.\n      Balmerino took little thought,\n      As by the Sacrament all was bought,\n      And the externals of the book,\n      His persuasion did no farther look.\n      When the Dead-warrant was to him sent,\n      To Cromartie they did present\n      A remit for life and libertie;\n      But the other two Lords were to die.\n      While Balmerino at dinner sat,\n      The tidings came, how, and what\n      Was to be done on the next day,\n      His lady rose and swoon\u2019d away;\n      He rose from\u2019s chair, says, You\u2019re distracted,\n      It is no more than I expected,\n      Sit down, my lady, and did constrain her,\n      It shall not make me lose my dinner,\n      I know we all were born to die,\n      From death at last, where can we flee?\n      By his mild words she kept her seat;\n      But ne\u2019er a bit at all could eat.\n      He took the Sacrament, they say,\n      After th\u2019 Episcopalian way,\n      With a Roman courage and resolution,\n      Boldly waited his dissolution,\n      And of his fate oft made a jest,\n      Which to English eyes wou\u2019d be a feast.\n      He often walked without his coat\n      With shirt open about his throat,\n      One of his friends unto him told,\n      He\u2019d wrong his health by getting cold,\n      To which he answered again,\n      The lease of it was near an end,\n      \u2019Twas the height of folly to repair,\n      For all the time it had to wear.\n\n        On the next day, the stage being erect,\n      All rail\u2019d about and hung with black,\n      A thousand foot-guards march\u2019d theretil,\n      And form\u2019d betwixt the Tow\u2019r and hill.\n      The stage within the line enclos\u2019d,\n      A full free passage so compos\u2019d,\n      The horse Grenadiers posted without,\n      As to _awe_ the crowd they were more stout,\n      Thus was it fixt right near until\n      The Transport-office at Tow\u2019r-hill,\n      Which, that day, was hir\u2019d for reception,\n      Until they went to execution.\n\n        About the hour of ten o\u2019clock,\n      Upon the stage they fixt the block,\n      Which cover\u2019d also was with black,\n      And of saw dust had several sack,\n      For to sprinkle upon the blood,\n      Being judged for that purpose good:\n      Their covered coffins within the rails,\n      Ornamented with gilded nails,\n      And plates, with their inscription,\n      Were fixed upon ev\u2019ry one--\n      \u2019Twas thus upon Kilmarnock\u2019s plate,\n      In Capital Letters engraved,\n        GULIELMUS COMES DE KILMARNOCK,\n          DECOLLATUS 18_mo._ AUGUSTI,\n        ANNO DOM, M, DCC, XLVI.\n            AETAT. SUAE, XLII.\n      His Coronet was thereto added,\n      Upon the plates likewise engraved,\n      And Balmerino\u2019s inscription,\n      Was deeply grav\u2019d the plate upon.\n        ARTHURUS DOMINUS DE BALMERINO,\n          DECOLLATUS 18_mo._ AUGUSTI,\n        ANNO DOM, M, DCC, XLVI.\n            AETAT. SUAE LVIII.\n      Thus plac\u2019d in a conspicuous light,\n      With a Baron\u2019s coronet shining bright.\n\n        Then after ten, near half an hour,\n      The two Sheriffs went to the Tow\u2019r,\n      Knock\u2019d at the gate, the Porter cry\u2019d,\n      _What do you want?_ They then reply\u2019d,\n      _The bodies of these Lords two,\n      Kilmarnock and Balmerino._\n      The Lieutenants and his Wardens brought\n      These two Lords for whom they sought,\n      And got receipts for each of them,\n      As usual is to give the same.\n\n        And as they past out from the Tower,\n      (\u2019Tis usually said as they leave the door,)\n      God bless King George, the Warder cry\u2019d,\n      God bless K----g J----s, Balmerino reply\u2019d,\n      But Kilmarnock made a humble bow,\n      For Balmerino, seem\u2019d nought to rue,\n      His regimentals and all was on,\n      The same as he had at Culloden.\n\n        Now, this procession slowly steers,\n      Under a guard of musqueteers,\n      The Sheriffs and their officers,\n      Tow\u2019r-hamlets and tip-staves in pairs,\n      Two hearses and a mourning coach,\n      All to the scaffold did approach,\n      Three clergymen were there also,\n      The one with Balmerino\n      Was of the Episcopalian strain,\n      Th\u2019 others were Presbyterian men,\n      Who had of late from Scotland come,\n      Their names were Forester and Hume,\n      They did upon Kilmarnock wait,\n      Assisting in his last exit.\n\n        Unto the tavern first they went,\n      Where some time in devotion spent,\n      And taking of their friends farewel\n      Tears did anguish and grief reveal:\n      As to the tavern they did go,\n      Some ask\u2019d, Which is Balmerino?\n      He turn\u2019d about and _smiling says_,\n      I\u2019m Balmerino, if you please.\n      In the inn they\u2019re put in sep\u2019rate rooms,\n      Where mourning was, and heavy moans.\n      Then Balmerino he did require\n      A conference with Kilmarnock there.\n      Then said, \u201cMy Lord, before we go,\n      \u201cOne thing of you I want to know,\n      \u201cThat of it the world we may convince;\n      \u201cHeard you of orders from our Prince,\n      \u201cIf we had Culloden battle won,\n      \u201cThat quarters should be giv\u2019n to none?\u201d\n      To which Kilmarnock answer\u2019d, NO;\n      NOR I, Sir; cry\u2019d Balmerino,\n      \u201cIt seems this on invention borders,\n      \u201cTo justify this way of murders.\u201d\n      \u201cNo, said the Earl, \u201cby inference just,\n      \u201cTo tell the truth, for so we must,\n      \u201cWhile prisoners at Inverness,\n      \u201cI heard some officers express,\n      \u201cThat an order was sign\u2019d by George Murray\n      \u201cOf such a nature as what you say,\n      \u201cThat\u2019s Grace the Duke had it to show:\n      \u201cMore of the matter I do not know.\u201d\n      \u201cIf Murray (said he) did the same,\n      \u201cWhy did they give the Prince the blame?\u201d\n      And then a final farewel took,\n      And parted with a mournful look,\n      \u201cI\u2019m sorry (he cry\u2019d) as he was gone,\n      \u201cThat I cannot pay this score alone,\u201d\n      Then turning round upon his heel,\n      For time, my friend, For ay farewel.\n\n        Kilmarnock some time in pray\u2019r spent,\n      While tears did flow from all present,\n      Then took a glass to cool his heart,\n      Before he did the room depart.\n      The warrand him mention\u2019d first to go,\n      And being inform\u2019d it must be so,\n      Then to the stage he did approach,\n      Seeing the hearse, coffins, mourning coach,\n      The dreadful block, edg\u2019d instrument,\n      With the executioner and crowd\u2019s lament,\n      He paus\u2019d a while, and thus said he,\n      _O Hume, \u2019tis terrible this to me!_\n      His pale countenance, contrite demure,\n      Did pity from all around procure,\n      Being tall and graceful, cloth\u2019d in black,\n      In a praying posture, mildly spake,\n      Which did the multitude surprize,\n      While brinish tears showr\u2019d from their eyes,\n      And many said, _He\u2019s dying well,\n      Howe\u2019er he liv\u2019d we cannot tell_.\n      The head cutter first took a glass,\n      Then came to ask him forgiv\u2019ness;\n      Yet drink did not quite drown his fears,\n      At the awful scene he burst in tears:\n      But the Earl bade him not be afraid,\n      As it must be done by some, he said,\n      Gave him five guineas in a purse,\n      And bade him strike without remorse,\n      When I let my handkerchief fall,\n      Do you proceed by that signal.\n      With eyes and hands lift up in pray\u2019r,\n      Most earnestly he did require,\n      The pray\u2019rs of\u2019s greatest enemie,\n      And all the crowd around that be,\n      In the fatal moment of _exit_,\n      That JESUS might receive his sp\u2019rit,\n      Pray\u2019d for King George most fervently,\n      And bless\u2019d his royal Family.\n      As he promis\u2019d to do at his end,\n      Upon that day he was condemn\u2019d.\n\n        Then for the block he did prepare,\n      His gentleman ty\u2019d up his hair,\n      Took off the bag and the big coat,\n      His neck made bare all \u2019round the throat,\n      On a black cushion he kneel\u2019d down,\n      While friends stood weeping all around:\n      The mournings off the rails they threw,\n      That all around might have a view,\n      His neck right on the block it lay,\n      With hands stretcht out to swim away,\n      And when he let the handkerchief go,\n      He did receive the fatal blow,\n      Which cut the head off to a tack\n      Of skin, cut by a second hack.\n\n        Thus did a brave Lord end his days,\n      Whose head was kept upon red baize,\n      And with his body in coffin laid,\n      By Forester with his servants aid,\n      Which quickly to the hearse they bore,\n      And clear\u2019d the block and stage of gore,\n      By sprinkling fresh saw-dust thereon,\n      That sign of slaughter there was none.\n\n        Then Balmerino he came forth,\n      Like a bold hero from the North,\n      Who of death itself was not afraid,\n      At least, he show\u2019d but small regard,\n      Cloth\u2019d in his regimental _Blue_,\n      Trimmed with gold, a warlike hue.\n      He pray\u2019d to God, and mercy sought;\n      But fear of men was past his thought:\n      Drank to\u2019s friends ere he left the room,\n      And charg\u2019d them all for to drink round,\n      _Ain degree to heaven for me_\n      And wish\u2019d them better times to see:\n      Then said, _Gentlemen a long adieu,\n      I\u2019m detaining both myself and you_.\n      Then to the scaffold he went full brief,\n      No signs of sorrow, fear or grief,\n      And round it walk\u2019d a turn or two,\n      Where he saw acquaintance, gave a bow:\n      The inscription on his coffin read,\n      Said, _That is right_, and shook his head.\n      The block he call\u2019d, His pillow of rest,\n      And said, That ax has been well drest,\n      The executioner\u2019s shoulder did clap,\n      And said, My friend, give a free chap,\n      You ask my pardon, but that\u2019s a fable,\n      Your business is commendable:\n      Here\u2019s but three guineas, it is not much;\n      For in my life I ne\u2019er was rich,\n      I\u2019m sorry I can add no more to it,\n      But my coat and vest, I will allow it,\n      The buttons, indeed, they are but brass;\n      But do thy bus\u2019ness ne\u2019ertheless,\n      Stript off his coat and neck-cloth too,\n      And them upon his coffin threw:\n      A flannel waist-coat then put on,\n      With a tartan cap his head upon,\n      Then said, For honour of the Clan,\n      This day I die as a Scots-man.\n      Then adjusted his posture on the block,\n      Shewing his signal for the stroke,\n      Was by dropping of his arms down:\n      Then turning to his friends aroun\u2019,\n      He once more of them took farewel,\n      And to the crowd around did wheel,\n      Perhaps you\u2019ll think that I\u2019m too bold,\n      This to a gentleman he told,\n      Whom he perceived standing near,\n      But, Sir, I solemnly declare,\n      \u2019Tis all through confidence in God,\n      A sound conscience, and cause avow\u2019d,\n      If I dissemble with signs of fear,\n      I were unworthy of dying here.\n      Then to the executioner said,\n      Strike resolute and have no dread:\n      For I\u2019ll surely count you for a foe,\n      Unless you give a hearty blow,\n      To the stage side did then retire,\n      And call\u2019d the Warder to come nigh\u2019r,\n      Asking which was the hearse for him,\n      Bade the driver come nearer in,\n      Immediately kneel\u2019d to the block,\n      Stretch\u2019d out his arms, and thus he spoke,\n      \u201cO Lord reward my friends, he cries,\n      \u201cAnd now forgive mine enemies,\n      \u201cReceive my soul, good Lord, I crave,\u201d\n      So his arms fell, the signal gave.\n      At this unlook\u2019d for suddenness,\n      Th\u2019 executioner surpriz\u2019d was,\n      Did unprepar\u2019d direct the blow,\n      That deep enough it did not go,\n      Before the second he turn\u2019d his head,\n      As if in anger his jaws they _gade_,\n      Gnashing his teeth so veh\u2019mently,\n      The head went off by blows three.\n      Upon red baize, the chopt-off head,\n      Was in coffin with his body laid.\n      Then the two hearses drove away,\n      To the grave where Tullibardine lay,\n      In St. Peter\u2019s Church, into the Tower,\n      Is these three Scots Lords\u2019 sepulchre,\n      All for one cause, into one grave,\n      Whom French delusion did deceive.\n\n        Next Charles Ratcliff was execute\n      For an old heroic exploit,\n      In the rebellious year fifteen,\n      Had with his brother at Preston been,\n      James the Earl of Derwentwater,\n      Who likewise suffer\u2019d for the matter.\n      About thirty years before,\n      He lost his life and land therefore,\n      This Charles too was condemned;\n      But he from Newgate safely fled,\n      By slipping through a private door,\n      Along with other thirteen more,\n      Who by good fortune had the chance,\n      For to get safe away to France:\n      And he with King James went to Rome,\n      And zealous Papist did become.\n      Twice return\u2019d to England again,\n      Thinking his pardon to obtain;\n      But when he found it would not do,\n      A French commission he clapt into,\n      And there remain\u2019d till Forty-Six,\n      When he thought, as heir, to refix\n      Upon the lands of Derwentwater;\n      But yet he did not mend the matter:\n      For as he did for Scotland steer,\n      On board of a French privateer,\n      The Sheerness catched him at sea,\n      With Scots and Irish more than he,\n      Bold officers for the Pretender,\n      Who yet were forced to surrender.\n      His Sire was Sir Francis of Derwentwater,\n      By extract from a Royal fornicator:\n      His mother\u2019s name was Mary Tudor,\n      From Charles the second, a nat\u2019ral brooder,\n      Her mother\u2019s name was Mary Davis,\n      Whom the King lov\u2019d as any _mavis_:\n      By this he came of Stewarts\u2019 line,\n      And blood to blood doth much incline;\n      Yet, b\u2019 equivocation to get free,\n      Deny\u2019d himself Ratcliff to be,\n      After the identic body\u2019s prov\u2019d,\n      He for arrest of judgment mov\u2019d,\n      Said, He was a French officer,\n      Claim\u2019d usage as a prisoner,\n      Being taken in a lawful war,\n      To touch him did them boldly dare:\n      But all this prov\u2019d of no effect,\n      For the old crime he lost his neck,\n      Committed in the year Fifteen,\n      Though three and thirty years between.\n      Upon December the eighth day,\n      He to Tow\u2019r-hill was led away\n      Where stage and block they did up-fix,\n      And cut his head off at three licks,\n      Yet of his death he was right vain,\n      Gave his neck-cutter guineas ten.\n      His coffin was made super-fine,\n      Its handles all like gold did shine.\n\n        In Roman faith he liv\u2019d and pray\u2019d,\n      And in that sort of faith he dy\u2019d:\n      All seeming repentance he declin\u2019d\n      As in Purgatory to be refin\u2019d:\n      And had salvation so a cooking,\n      As to think no more of death than ducking,\n      Being so stout a Pope\u2019s believer,\n      Went to death as he would swim a river;\n      The priest\u2019 clear\u2019d all the passes for him,\n      Invok\u2019d the saints full well to store him:\n      So in his death there were no bands,\n      Although his neck did feel some pains.\n      He smil\u2019d his coffin to look upon,\n      Whereon was this inscription,\n        CAROLUS COMES DE DERWENTWATER,\n          DECOLLATUS DIE 8_vo_ DECEMBRIS,\n            MDCCXLVI. AETATIS LIII.\n              _Requiescat in pace._\n      After the cutting off the head,\n      His corpse were in the coffin laid,\n      And carry\u2019d back into the Tow\u2019r,\n      Where they lay till th\u2019 eleventh hour,\n      That a procession of mourning coaches,\n      Unto St. Giles with him approaches,\n      To the Earl of Derwentwater\u2019s grave;\n      And here poor Ratcliff we shall leave.\n\n        Now comes Lord Lovat, an aged man,\n      And Chief of all the Frazer\u2019s Clan,\n      Was next before his Peers try\u2019d,\n      Most of th\u2019 impeachments he deny\u2019d,\n      Half dead with age, and almost deaf,\n      Which did them plague, and caus\u2019d mischief:\n      For when they cry\u2019d and cry\u2019d again,\n      He answer\u2019d on some other strain,\n      And told them, it was no fair trade,\n      As he did not hear one word they said,\n      And did not see what they could do,\n      As he \u2019gainst George his sword ne\u2019er drew;\n      But always was governments\u2019 friend:\n      Therefore he wonder\u2019d what they mean\u2019d.\n      In the year _Fifteen_ it was well known,\n      How much his loyalty was shown,\n      In quenching that rebellious storm,\n      What brave exploits he did perform.\n      Now, said he, I\u2019m old and _faild_,\n      And cannot walk without a _hald_,\n      Without cause, ye need not my blood spill,\n      For death right soon will come a will:\n      If you judge I have been kind to foes,\n      It is but what the world allows.\n\n        Yet his servants were witness led\n      Of every deed done and said,\n      In supporting the rebellious way,\n      And so their proof bore heavy sway,\n      What Charles drank that afternoon,\n      When from Culloden he did run.\n      Then for his life was no remead,\n      He was condemn\u2019d to lose his head,\n      Which he bore in a heroic way,\n      As an ancient Roman thus did say,\n      DULCE ET DECORUM PRO PATRIA MORI,\n      _\u2019Tis sweet and glorious a patriot to die_.\n      The proof was strong, though he deny\u2019d,\n      His letters also were apply\u2019d,\n      Which he to Lord President sent,\n      When he advis\u2019d him to repent,\n      And recal his son and men again,\n      Which counsel he held all in vain,\n      Saying, He had six hundred Frazers got,\n      To guard his body from the King\u2019s hate,\n      And ask\u2019d from whence such law could come,\n      As punish a father for the son?\n      If\u2019s son and the young clan were lost,\n      Yet of the old he made a boast,\n      That if his person were attack\u2019d\n      His foes should be in collops hack\u2019d,\n      Such were the brags in a letter sent,\n      Was writ unto Lord President,\n      When he advis\u2019d him for his good,\n      To call his clan from Charlie\u2019s croud:\n      Fight! that he would, and die at home,\n      As it was not far unto his tomb.\n      When dead, his countrywives he\u2019d have\n      _Cronoch_ to sing around his grave.\n      Likewise he wrote, I understand,\n      Unto the Duke of Cumberland,\n      Reminding him, that he with joy,\n      Us\u2019d him to carry when a boy,\n      Through Kingston park and Hampton Court\n      And to his Royal Sire made sport.\n      So, of his Grace he did demand\n      The favour, but to kiss his hand,\n      And told him he would do more good,\n      Than what they really understood.\n      Says he, \u2019twill be a better way,\n      Than take a poor man\u2019s life away,\n      Who cannot stand, ride or walk;\n      But only ly, or sit and talk.\n\n        To this the Duke no answer gave,\n      \u2019Tis like, he wish\u2019d him in his grave.\n\n        A zealous Roman did to him write,\n      And had in him so great delight,\n      That he offer\u2019d to suffer in his stead,\n      Whereat he smil\u2019d, and jeering said,\n      This man\u2019s contrair Scripture, I see,\n      For a righteous man one\u2019ll hardly die:\n      But for me, indeed, I\u2019se no regard;\n      For I doubt he\u2019ll hardly be preferr\u2019d.\n\n        When to the scaffold he was born,\n      He looked round the croud with scorn:\n      _Preserve me Sirs_, then did he say,\n      _What\u2019s brought a thir fowk here the day?\n      To see an auld grey head cut aff,\n      That canna gang, no wi\u2019 a staff,\n      But maun be born here by men,\n      The like o\u2019 this we ne\u2019er did ken._\n      Then view\u2019d the hatchet and the block,\n      Said, a strange way of killing fowk,\n      To th\u2019 executioner, said he too,\n      There\u2019s nae man works, friend, after you,\n      But you\u2019ll have a _kittle_ job of me,\n      My neck\u2019s sae short, strike _cannilie_,\n      Here\u2019s a _bit_ purse, _gi\u2019t a guid drive_,\n      I needna wish your trade to _thrive_.\n      Then fell a scaffold which rais\u2019d a roar,\n      He did enquire the cause therefore:\n      They said, A scaffold\u2019s fall\u2019n, and many kill\u2019d.\n      \u201c_A-weel_, said he, Their time\u2019s fulfill\u2019d,\n      \u201cI thought, this day, to dy\u2019d my _lane_:\n      \u201cBut the best of _fowk_ will be _mistane_:\n      \u201cI cannot say, I am sorry for\u2019t,\n      \u201cFor the mair mischief, the better sport.\u201d\n      Then after _Ave Maria_ and pray\u2019r,\n      With _Salve Regina_, in a heroic air,\n      He laid his head upon the block,\n      And there receiv\u2019d the fatal stroke,\n      In the eighty-third year of his age,\n      Thus dy\u2019d on Tow\u2019r-hill, on open stage,\n      Old Simon Frazer, Lord Lovat,\n      \u2019Gainst rebellious Plots a _Caveat_.\n\n\n\n\nCHAP. XV.\n\n_Conclusion. Charles interrupts the Congress. Is seized at the\nOpera. Carried to the Castle of Vincennes. And forced to leave\nFrance._\n\n\n      Now France was hemm\u2019d on ev\u2019ry side,\n      And Charles\u2019 reward was humbling\u2019s pride.\n      By sea, by land, poor France was done;\n      She begg\u2019d for peace to _draw her win_.\n      No ship durst from her harbours steer,\n      Man of war, merchant, or privateer,\n      Her trade was stopt by sea and land,\n      Bold Britain did the seas command:\n      She sued for peace at any price,\n      But Charles\u2019 affairs made it right nice.\n      At Aix la Chapelle did the Congress hold,\n      And when Charles thereof was told,\n      He protested \u2019gainst what might be done,\n      In prejudice of his pretension:\n      For all his titles he would keep still,\n      Let Britain and France do what they will:\n      And this perplexed Lewis sore,\n      And anger\u2019d Britain still the more,\n      So with France no peace there could be made,\n      While She the Pretender harboured:\n      France durst not on her part say No,\n      Lest she should get the fatal blow.\n      Britain now ask what you will,\n      France can promise and not fulfil.\n\n        The Articles were all agreed,\n      But neither sign\u2019d nor ratify\u2019d,\n      Until poor Charlie was sent away,\n      Which he postponed every day,\n      And instead of hastening to go,\n      He gave the King\u2019s gold-smith to know,\n      That he wanted a service of plate,\n      At twenty thousand crowns in rate,\n      Charg\u2019d to be ready \u2019gainst such a day,\n      Without excuses or delay.\n      Before this work was well begun,\n      Another the King must have as soon,\n      This put the jeweller in dread,\n      Straight to the Prince he did proceed,\n      Told him the matter, begg\u2019d more time,\n      No, said he, the first order\u2019s mine,\n      Go to the King and let him know----\n      Then said Lewis, _Let it be so_,\n      Thinking that he was going away,\n      But yet this caus\u2019d some more delay.\n      The plate was made and to him sent,\n      Ev\u2019n by the King\u2019s commandement,\n      And his Comptroller the charge to pay,\n      Hoping \u2019twould hasten him away:\n      But Charles told him very plain,\n      That he in France would still remain,\n      For he had full right to do so    }\n      By an alliance treaty long ago    }\n      And this he might let Lewis know. }\n\n        On this the King wrote straight to Rome,\n      To advise what plan he might assume.\n      The Pope and Pretender did approve,\n      That Charles should from France remove.\n      As the King for him would provide,\n      At Tribourg, a palace to reside,\n      On what yearly pension he should demand,\n      Sent him a Blank from his own hand,\n      To name the sum though e\u2019er so high,\n      Sign\u2019d by\u2019s most Christian Majesty.\n      The Duke de Graves with it was sent,\n      Who begg\u2019d he\u2019d write the sum\u2019s content\n      Into the Blank with his own pen,\n      But down he threw it with disdain,\n      Saying, Bills and Bonds will seem but froth,\n      If Sovereigns cannot keep their troth.\n      Then came the Count de Maurepas,\n      With Charles to argument the cause;\n      As it was the King\u2019s express command,\n      That he should forthwith leave the land,\n      If he chus\u2019d not in peace to do it,\n      Their scheme was to compel him to it,\n      That the ministry were greatly struck,\n      At his behaviour and conduct,\n      In stopping the whole of their affairs\n      This is what the Count\u2019s commission bears.\n\n        Your Ministry, cry\u2019d he, with disdain,\n      You\u2019ll oblige me, tell your King and them,\n      I\u2019m born, I trust their schemes to break,\n      And how to do\u2019t, I could direct;\n      But, I hope, the time will soon draw on,\n      When that good work it will be done.\n\n        About this time from London came,\n      Two hostages of worthy fame,\n      As pledges of the peace to be,\n      And Articles to ratifie,\n      While the French had none to London sent:\n      At which the Prince a squib did vent,\n      What! is Britain conquer\u2019d, he did say,\n      That their hostages are here away?\n      And is FRENCH FAITH so current grown,\n      That hostages they ask for none?\n      This league shall yet like poor mine go,\n      Which was sworn to a few years ago.\n      This did the Ministry enrage,\n      And nought\u2019s for Charlie but the cage,\n      As the scheme was fully contriv\u2019d,\n      A courier from Rome arriv\u2019d,\n      Where the Pope and old Pretender too\n      Did his whole conduct disavow,\n      Ord\u2019ring him forthwith to retire,\n      To which he yet gave a deaf ear;\n      But knowing that he must fall their prey,\n      Order\u2019d his plate and jewels away.\n      His behaviour did through Paris spread,\n      And all did own him, hard bestead.\n\n        Then by the King an order\u2019s sign\u2019d,\n      Directly to have him confin\u2019d,\n      Twelve hundred guards did close parade,\n      Horse and grenadiers were had\n      All armed and _Cap-a-pee_,\n      Set round the Opera carefullie,\n      The Duke de Biron had command,\n      But loth to take the deed in hand;\n      Caus\u2019d Major Venderville execute,\n      Who did not with much honour do\u2019t.\n      Six lusty ruffians were prepar\u2019d,\n      Who waiting stood within the guard,\n      And as he entred the Opera door,\n      They seiz\u2019d him fast, and squeezed sore\n      His hands and arms in the squabble,\n      The guards around kept off the rabble,\n      Who had the Prince in great esteem,\n      And wish\u2019d their help him to redeem,\n      His servants and each favourite\n      Were strictly order\u2019d to retreat;\n      Sword and pistols from him did wrest,\n      This comes French vows to at the best.\n      His arms and thighs with cords were knit,\n      And in a coach they have him set,\n      With a Major upon every side;\n      In this posture they made him ride\n      Unto the castle of Vincennes,\n      While soldiers guarded all the lanes,\n      Until that length they did proceed,\n      As there an uproar was indeed;\n      For \u2019mong the croud it was current told,\n      That he was to the English sold:\n      Some said this, and some said that,\n      And thousands told they knew not what.\n      The governor did him imbrace,\n      And cried, \u201cAh my friend, Alas!\n      \u201cA noble Prince so bound with cord,\n      \u201cUpon my word, I\u2019m sorry for\u2019t.\u201d\n      And then in haste with his own hands,\n      Respectfully unloos\u2019d his bands:\n      But to a dark apartment led him in,\n      Was only ten feet square within,\n      No window to look any way,\n      A sky-light shew\u2019d some peep of day.\n      When he view\u2019d his prison round and round,\n      Said, he\u2019d been worse into Scots ground;\n      Poor Charlie this was hard to _thole_,\n      To clap thee in a French _black-hole_!\n      And there he was confin\u2019d to ly,\n      Till to depart he did comply,\n      As the Pope and King James did desire,\n      That he from French ground should retire.\n      When finding that it must be so,\n      He freely did consent to go.\n      Two col\u2019nels went, as it appears,\n      To see him pass the French frontiers:\n      They took the rout to Fountainbleau,\n      And to his dungeon bade adieu,\n      He did not love to be confin\u2019d,\n      So now the peace was fairly sign\u2019d,\n      And Charlie banish\u2019d like a fool,\n      Who was only us\u2019d as a French tool,\n      And to Scotland a scourge and curse,\n      I mean by waste of blood and purse.\n      But in time to come, dear countrymen,\n      O do not do the like again!\n      The Popish oaths ye\u2019ll find a puff,\n      When ye get on the neck a cuff;\n      For in ages past you may see plain,\n      These are the tricks of France and Spain,\n      For to be peaceable and good,\n      Till they are in a fighting mood,\n      And then a quarrel they will breed\n      For any thing they stand in need.\n\n\n\n\n_A Quaker\u2019s Address to Prince Charles, shewing what was the Cause\nand Ground of his Misfortunes._\n\n\n      Now Charles, If thou want\u2019st more sorrow,\n      Thou may return if \u2019twere to-morrow,\n      I know, the Pulpit and the Press\n      Were the great means of thy distress,\n      And thou hadst got no wit to guide it,\n      No Principle thou had provided.\n      Hadst thou, like Oliver appear\u2019d\n      In devout mood, thou might been heard:\n      But a Prince without a principle!\n      What thou couldst be, I cannot tell.\n      The Protestants look\u2019d badly on thee,\n      So many wicked hang upon thee,\n      And of thy forbearers, they plainly tell,\n      Of Popery thou bearst a smell.\n      Thou trustedst nought to ordination,\n      But thought to force a crown and nation.\n      I tell thee, Kings reign not by men,\n      \u2019Tis a higher pow\u2019r, thou\u2019lt find it plain.\n      The Pope, the Pagan, and the Turk,\n      \u2019Tis all by fire and sword they work:\n      We Quakers are of greater merit.\n      We conquer none but by the Spirit;\n      But thou, and each thy like\u2019s a cheat,\n      That pretend to rule the turns of fate,\n      And will fight against the great decree,\n      As of winds and waves would ruler be,----\n      The Pope pretends to curse and bless,\n      And yet cannot create a Louse,\n      Nor make a dead beast live again,\n      For all the might he does preten\u2019:\n      Yet claims a power in heav\u2019n and earth,\n      Of judgment here there is a dearth,\n      But O! what madness fills their head?\n      To pray to saints thousand years dead!\n      If dead men had such power to sell,\n      Many of them wou\u2019d been living still.\n      And if those dead men they could hear us,\n      They might sometimes send news to cheer us.\n\n        By Yea and Nay, the Popes are thieves,\n      And he\u2019s as stupid that believes\n      These roguish priests, who pardons sell,\n      Or yet pray back a soul from hell.\n      He\u2019s surely of the devil\u2019s kind,\n      Who thus deludes the vulgar blind;\n      And who adheres to such a college,\n      Will be destroy\u2019d for lake of knowledge,\n      With Beads and Waffers, the Devil\u2019s batter,\n      Your musty Mass, and Holy Water,\n      Wherewith ye blind the souls of men,\n      For to encrease your worldly gain,\n      Done with pretence of holiness:\n      O hypocrites, why live ye thus?\n      You thump, you mump, with face awray,\n      And at one time ye rob and pray,\n      Pretend so much to chastitie,\n      None of your priests can married be,\n      Yet run like rams, and lead lewd lives,\n      Ye\u2019re but a pack of venereal thieves:\n      You practise cuckoldom and whoredom,\n      That innocents have no freedom,\n      Dreading the power of curse and bless,\n      You thus put modesty in distress,\n      Pretending Miracles and Charms,\n      To keep from evil spirits harms,\n      Such as Clover-leaves, and branch of Yew,\n      Will keep the devil from man or cow,\n      And that Holy Water has such effect,\n      As make him run and break his neck;\n      Ay, to the vulgar too you\u2019ll tell,\n      Of sending letters to heaven or hell,\n      Bring half burnt souls from Purgatory,\n      For gold you\u2019ll harle them out in hurry,\n      And those who cannot money raise,\n      You\u2019ll do it for butter, beef or cheese;\n      But they may there stay, eternalie,\n      Whose friends will not pay you a fee:\n      I think a stronger delusion,\n      Was never in any ages known,\n      The Turk, the Pagan and the Jew,\n      More mercy have to show than you,\n      Your ceremonies so ye cook,\n      The devil gets none but poor fo\u2019k,\n      Who cannot pay the priest his fee;\n      Accurs\u2019d be such belief for me.----\n\n        And now, dear Charles, how dost thou think,\n      Such doctrine would in Britain stink,\n      Into a Presbyterian\u2019s nose,\n      Or any who good plain sense knows?\n      Dissenters and we they Quakers call,\n      Protest, they\u2019re not of Israel,\n      Who pretend a power to damn or save,\n      Or bear a rule beyond the grave.\n      All is given us from above,\n      And souls are saved by mere love;\n      But the sp\u2019rit of men, which some hold money,\n      I term it but the devil\u2019s honey,\n      Wherewith you blind the ignorant,\n      And cozen them who hate repent:\n      But as thou profess no principle,\n      Thou might have turn\u2019d a _What ye will_:\n      But those who no profession own,\n      Are of kin to the beasts alone:\n      They surely have but little wits,\n      Who esteem no God above their guts.\n      What wa\u2019st thou sought? What wa\u2019st thou got?\n      Surely \u2019twas nothing but thy lot.\n      Though Popes pretend to rule the earth,\n      They cause nought but a sp\u2019ritual dearth,\n      As they can neither rule earth nor sea,\n      Witness what has behappen\u2019d thee:\n      It surely makes your Pope a knave,\n      To pretend a pow\u2019r beyond the grave:\n      Had his apostolic pow\u2019r been true,\n      Thou wou\u2019dst been King of Britain now.\n      Wert thou a Protestant in heart,\n      I\u2019d wish thee very well in part;\n      But the last wish thoul\u2019t get from me,\n      Is, God keep our land of Pop\u2019ry free!\n      May the throne continue in Protestant race,\n      And ne\u2019er a Papist fill his place.\n      Thus saith to thee an honest Quaker,\n      Thou ne\u2019er shalt here be a partaker:\n      For all Rome\u2019s plots and magic spell,\n      \u2019Tis seldom now they prosper well,\n      Her days of witchcraft are near run,\n      Few _Ave\u2019s_ or _Te Deum\u2019s_ sung,\n      A Mass that\u2019s mumbled o\u2019er in haste,\n      Spoke in the language of the beast,\n      Which but by few is understood,\n      Poor chaff instead of sp\u2019ritual food:\n      But ignorance, the Papists say,\n      Is unto heaven the nearest way:\n      But, O ye wretches, this I doubt,\n      While you the sp\u2019ritual light keep out,\n      And teach so freely, and off hand,\n      To break the very Lord\u2019s command,\n      And on no other things lay hold;\n      But trust the priest, and give him gold.\n      All sins by them are pardoned,\n      So by the nose the poor are led;\n      Not blinded nations or ideots,\n      But the rich, learned reprobates,\n      Who will not from sinning hold,\n      As long\u2019s they have one bit of gold.\n      Wo will be to such priests, I say:\n      For hell\u2019s prepar\u2019d for such as they.\n\n  NATHAN NOMORE.\n\n\n\n\n*** The Impeachments against Lord GEORGE MURRAY, and JOHN MURRAY\nSecretary, accused of treachery by the Public, are here omitted,\nthought in some respects to be groundless, at least of Lord GEORGE:\nFor there is never a Battle lost, but the Commander gets the Blame,\nand when one is won, the Commander gets all the Praise, as if the\nSoldiers had done nothing: And it is further observed, after the\nloss of a Battle, it is the cry of the Public and the run-away\nSoldiers, WE ARE SOLD, WE ARE SOLD.\n\n\nTHE following COPY, mentioned by Lords Kilmarnock and Balmerino,\non the day of their execution, is here inserted _verbatim_.----The\nPublic are left to judge whether it is spurious or not, as the\nAuthor does not pretend to judge in the affair: Only it was judged\nspurious by Duke William himself, and several officers, who knew\nthe order of war.\n\n\n  Copy _of the_ REBELS\u2019 ORDERS before the BATTLE of CULLODEN,\n  (_said to be_) found in the Pocket of one of the Prisoners.\n\nParole, _Roy Jaques_.\n\n\u201cIT is his ROYAL HIGHNESS\u2019 positive orders, that every person\nattach himself to some Corps of the Army, and remain with the\nCorps night and day, until the Battle and Pursuit be finally over:\nAnd to give no Quarters to the ELECTOR\u2019S Troops, on any account\nwhatsoever.----This regards the Foot, as well as the Horse.----The\nOrder of Battle is to be given to every General Officer and\nCommander of a Regiment or Squadron.\n\n\u201cIT is required and expected of each Individual in the Army,\nas well Officer as Soldier, that he keep the Post he shall be\nallotted: And if any man turn his back to run away, the next behind\nsuch man is to shoot him.\n\n\u201cNO body, upon pain of death, is to strip the slain, or plunder,\nuntil the battle is over.----The Highlanders to be in Kilts, and no\nbody to throw away their Guns.\u201d\n\n  (_Signed_)\n\n  GEORGE MURRAY, _Lt. Gen._\n\n\n\n\n_Miss FLORA\u2019S Lament._ A SONG.\n\n\nTune. _Woes my heart that we should sunder._\n\n        When that I from my darling pass\u2019d,\n      My love increas\u2019d like young Leander,\n      With the parting kiss, the tears fell fast,\n      Crying, woes my heart that we should sunder.\n\n        O\u2019er mountains, glens, and raging seas,\n      When wind and waves did roar like thunder,\n      Them I\u2019d encounter again with ease,\n      That we were ne\u2019er at all to sunder.\n\n        O yet I did to Malton go,\n      And left my darling Swain to wander;\n      Where was one friend, were fifty foe;\n      And I myself was then brought under.\n\n        By a rude band of bloody hue,\n      Because I lov\u2019d a young Pretender;\n      If it were undone, I would it do,\n      O\u2019er hills and dales, with him I\u2019d wander.\n\n        From ship to ship, was toss\u2019d about,\n      And to the Nore did me surrender;\n      Crouds of rude hands, I stood them out,\n      And lov\u2019d none like my young Pretender.[42]\n\n        To great London, I came at last,\n      And still avow\u2019d my passion tender;\n      Thinking for death I would be cast,\n      For serving of my young Pretender.\n\n        But thanks be to the Georgian race,\n      And the English laws, I judg\u2019d untender;\n      For they thought nought of all my case,\n      Although I lov\u2019d a young Pretender.\n\n        They charg\u2019d me to the Highlands go,\n      For womens\u2019 wit, and strength was slender;\n      As I ne\u2019er in arms appear\u2019d as foe,\n      In defence of a young Pretender.\n\n        O were my Swain at Malton gate,\n      Or yet at Sky I\u2019d be his lover;\n      In spite of all the laws of late,\n      I would call him sweet darling Rover.\n\n\n\n\n_The AUTHOR\u2019S Address to all in general._\n\n\n      Now gentle readers, I have let you ken,\n      My very thoughts, from heart and pen,\n      \u2019Tis needless now for to conten,\n                          Or yet controule,\n      For there\u2019s not a word o\u2019t I can men\u2019,\n                          So ye must thole.\n\n        For on both sides, some were not good,\n      I saw them murd\u2019ring in cold blood,\n      Not th\u2019 gentlemen, but wild and rude,\n                          The baser sort,\n      Who to the wounded had no mood,\n                          But murd\u2019ring sport.\n\n        Ev\u2019n both at Preston and Falkirk,\n      That fatal night ere it grew mirk,\n      Piercing the wounded with their durk,\n                          Caus\u2019d many cry,\n      Such pity\u2019s shown from Savage and Turk,\n                          As peace to die.\n\n        A woe be to such a hot zeal,\n      To smite the wounded on the fiel\u2019,\n      It\u2019s just they get such groats in kail,\n                          Who do the same,\n      It only teaches cruelty\u2019s real,\n                          To them again.\n\n        I\u2019ve seen the men call\u2019d Highland Rogues,\n      With Lowland men, make _shange_ a brogs,\n      Sup kail and brose, and fling the cogs\n                          Out at the door,\n      Take cocks, hens, sheep and hogs,\n                          And pay nought for.\n\n        I see\u2019d a Highlander, \u2019twas right drole,\n      With a string of puddings, hung on a pole,\n      Whip\u2019d o\u2019er his shoulder, skipp\u2019d like a fole,\n                          Caus\u2019d Maggy bann,\n      Lap o\u2019er the midden and midden-hole,\n                          And aff he ran.\n\n        When check\u2019d for this, they\u2019d often tell ye,\n      Indeed _her nainsel\u2019s_ a tume belly.\n      You\u2019ll no gi\u2019et wanting bought, nor sell me,\n                          _Hersel_ will haet,\n      Go tell King Shorge, and Shordy\u2019s Willie,\n                           I\u2019ll hae a meat.\n\n        I see\u2019d the soldiers at Linton-brig,\n      Because the man was not a Whig,\n      Of meat and drink, leave not a skig\n                          Within his door,\n      They burnt his very hat and wig,\n                          And thumpt him sore.\n\n        And thro\u2019 the Highlands they were so rude,\n      As leave them neither clothes nor food,\n      Then burnt their houses to conclude,\n                          \u2019Twas tit for tat,\n      How can _her nainsel\u2019_ ere be good,\n                          To think on that.\n\n        And after all, O shame and grief,\n      To use some worse than murd\u2019ring thief,\n      Their very gentlemen and chief,\n                          Unhumanly,\n      Like Popish tortures, I belief,\n                          Such cruelty.\n\n        Ev\u2019n what was act on open stage,\n      At Carlisle in the hottest rage,\n      When mercy was clapt in a cage,\n                          And pity dead,\n      Such cru\u2019lty approv\u2019d by every age,\n                          I shook my head.\n\n        So many to curse, so few to pray,\n      And some aloud huzza did cry,\n      They curs\u2019d the Rebel Scots that day,\n                          As they\u2019d been nout\n      Brought up for slaughter, as that way\n                          Too many rowt.\n\n        Therefore, Alas! dear countrymen,\n      O never do the like again,\n      To thirst for vengeance, never ben\n                          Your guns nor pa\u2019\n      But with th\u2019 English, e\u2019en borrow and len,\n                          Let anger fa\u2019.\n\n        Their boasts and bullyings, not worth a louse,\n      As our king\u2019s the best about the house,\n      \u2019Tis ay good to be sober and douce,\n                          To live in peace,\n      For many I see, for being o\u2019er crouse,\n                          Gets broken face.\n\n\n\n\n  _JOHN HIGHLANDMAN\u2019S_\n\n  _REMARKS ON GLASGOW._\n\n\n[The following is what may be termed a \u2018Chap-book Version\u2019 of _John\nHighlandman\u2019s Remarks on Glasgow_. It is taken from a chap-book\npublished anonymously in Glasgow in 1823. In no material respect\ndoes it differ from the other copies still to be found. M\u2018Vean\nwas the first to attribute the verses to Graham. The assumption\nhas generally been that in point of time this is one Graham\u2019s\nearliest productions, after his _History of the Rebellion_, and it\nis certainly the most popular of his metrical pieces. It furnishes\nan interesting description of Glasgow about the middle of last\ncentury.]\n\n\nJOHN HIGHLANDMAN\u2019S REMARKS ON GLASGOW.\n\n      Her nainsel into Glasgow went,\n        An errand there to see\u2019t,\n      And she never saw a bonnier town\n        Standing on her feet.\n\n      For a\u2019 the houses that be tere\n        Was theekit wi\u2019 blue stane,\n      And a stane ladder to gang up,\n        No fa\u2019 to break her banes.\n\n      I gang upon a stany road,\n        A street they do him ca\u2019,\n      And when me seek the chapman\u2019s house,\n        His name be on the wa\u2019.\n\n      I gang to buy a snish tamback,\n        And standing at the corse,\n      And tere I see a dead man,\n        Was riding on his horse.\n\n      And O! he be a poor man,\n        And no hae muny claes,\n      Te brogues be worn aff his feet,\n        And me see a\u2019 his taes.[43]\n\n      Te horse had up his muckle fit\n        For to gie me a shap,\n      And gaping wi\u2019 his great mouth\n        To grip me by the tap.\n\n      He had a staff into his hand,\n        To fight me an\u2019 he coud,\n      But hersel be rin awa frae him,\n        His horse be unco proud.\n\n      But I be rin around about,\n        And stand about the guard,[44]\n      Where I see the deil chap the hours,\n        Tan me grew unco feared.[45]\n\n      Ohon! Ohon! her nainsel said,\n        And whare will me go rin?\n      For yonder be the black man\n        That bums the fouk for sin.\n\n      I\u2019ll no pe stay nae langer tere,\n        But fast me rin awa,\n      And see the man thrawin te rapes\n        Aside te Broomielaw.[46]\n\n      An\u2019 O she pe a lang tedder,\n        I spier\u2019t what they\u2019ll do wi\u2019t,\n      He said to hang the Highlandmen\n        For stealing o\u2019 their meat.\n\n      Hout, hersel\u2019s an honest shentleman,\n        I never yet did steal,\n      But when I meet a muckle purse,\n        I like it unco weel.\n\n      Tan fare ye weel ye saucy fellow,\n        I fain your skin wad pay;\n      I cam to your toun the morn but,\n        An\u2019 I\u2019ll gang out yesterday.\n\n      Fan I gang to my quarter-house,\n        The door was unco braw,\n      For here they had a cow\u2019s husband,\n        Was pricked on the wa\u2019.[47]\n\n      O tere me got a shapin ale,\n        An\u2019 ten me got a supper,\n      A filthy choud o\u2019 chappit meat\n        Boiled amang a butter.\n\n      It was a filthy dirt o\u2019 beef,\n        His banes was like te horn,\n      She was a calf wanting the skin,\n        Before that she was born.\n\n      I gang awa into the kirk\n        To hear a Lawland preach,\n      And mony a bonny sang they sing,\n        Tere books they did them teach.\n\n      And tere I saw a bonny mattam,\n        Wi\u2019 feathers on her waim,\n      I wonder an\u2019 she be gaun to flee,\n        Or what be in her myn.[48]\n\n      Another mattams follow her,\n        Wha\u2019s arse was round like cogs!\n      And clitter clatter cries her feet--\n        She had on iron brogues.[49]\n\n      And tere I saw another mattam\n        Into a tarry seck,\n      And twa mans pe carry her,\n        Wi\u2019 rapes about hims neck.\n\n      She pe sae fou o\u2019 vanity,\n        As no gang on the grun,\n      But twa poor mans pe carry her\n        In a barrow covert aboon.[50]\n\n      Some had a fish-tail to their mouth,[51]\n        And some pe had a ponnet,\n      But my Janet and Donald\u2019s wife\n        Wad rather hae a bannock.\n\n\n\n\n_THE TURNIMSPIKE._\n\n\n[_The Turnimspike_ has had more attention paid to it by literary\nantiquaries than any of Graham\u2019s other metrical productions,\nexcepting, of course, his _History of the Rebellion_. It has always\nbeen regarded as being from Graham\u2019s pen, and Sir Walter Scott\nsaid it alone was sufficient to entitle him to immortality. Burns\nadmired it on account of its local humour. The verses appeared in\nHerd\u2019s Collection of 1769; and they have been here taken from the\nedition of 1776.]\n\n\nTHE TURNIMSPIKE.\n\n      Her sel pe Highland shentleman,\n        Pe auld as Pothwell prig, man;\n      And mony alterations seen\n        Amang the Lawland whig, man.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      First when her to the Lowlands came,\n        Nain sell was driving cows, man:\n      There was nae laws about hims narse,\n        About the breeks or trouse, man.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      Nain sell did wear the philapeg,\n        The plaid prik\u2019t on her shouder;\n      The gude claymore hung pe her pelt,\n        The pistol sharg\u2019d wi\u2019 pouder.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      But for whereas these cursed preeks,\n        Wherewith mans narse be lockit,\n      O hon, that ere she saw the day!\n        For a\u2019 her houghs pe prokit.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      Every thing in the Highlands now,\n        Pe turn\u2019t to alteration;\n      The sodger dwal at our door cheek,\n        And that\u2019s te great vexation.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      Scotland be turn\u2019t a Ningland now,\n        And laws pring on the cadger:\n      Nain sell wad durk him for hur deeds,\n        But oh she fears the sodger.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      Another law came after that,\n        Me never saw the like, man;\n      They mak a lang road on the crund,\n        And ca\u2019 him turnimspike, man.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      And wow she pe a ponny road,\n        Like Louden corn rigs, man;\n      Whare twa carts may gang on her,\n        And no break others legs, man.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      They sharge a penny for ilka hors,\n        In troth they\u2019l be nae sheaper,\n      For nought but gaen upo\u2019 the crund,\n        And they gie me a paper.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      They tak the hors then pe the head,\n        And there they mak them stand, man.\n      I tell\u2019d them that I seen the day\n        They had na sic command, man,\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      Nae doubts nain-sell maun draw his purs,\n        And pay them what him\u2019s like, man:\n      I\u2019ll see a shudgement on his store,\n        That filthy turnimspike, man.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n      But I\u2019ll awa to the Highland hills,\n        Where nere a ane sall turn her;\n      And no come near your turnimspike,\n        Unless it pe to purn her.\n                    _Fal lal_, &c.\n\n\n\n\n_TUGAL M\u2018TAGGER._\n\n\n[This piece sometimes appears in old chap-books under the heading\nof _Dugald M\u2018Taggart_, no doubt the proper name of the hero, but\nit is one that scarcely fits the rhyme. The reading here used is\nsustained by usage, and has the further advantage of being--shall\nwe say?--more euphonious. M\u2018Vean attributes the song to Graham. It\nwas probably composed about the year 1772, on the occasion of the\npassing of the first Sequestration Act, 12 Geo. III., c. 72. The\nfollowing is reprinted from an old broadside version long popular\nin Glasgow. The air is given as--\u2018The Hills of Glendoo.\u2019]\n\n\nTUGAL M\u2018TAGGER.\n\n      Would you\u2019ll know me, my name it is Tugal M\u2018Tagger,\n      She\u2019ll brought hersel\u2019 down frae the braes o\u2019 Lochaber,\n      To learn her nainsel\u2019 to be praw haberdabber,\n        Or fine linen-draber, the tane or the twa.\n\n      She\u2019ll being a stranger, she\u2019ll look very shy-like:\n      She\u2019s no weel acquaint wi\u2019 your laigh kintra dialect;\n      But hoogh! never heed, she\u2019s got plenty o\u2019 Gaelic--\n        She comes frae ta house at the fit o\u2019 Glendoo.\n\n      [But her kilt she\u2019ll exchange for ta praw tandy trowser,\n      An\u2019 she\u2019ll learn to ta lady to scrap an\u2019 to pow, sir,\n      An\u2019 say to ta shentlemans--How did you\u2019ll do, sir?\n        An\u2019 ten she\u2019ll forget her poor friens at Glendoo.\n\n      An\u2019 when she\u2019ll pe spoket the laigh kintra jabber,\n      She\u2019ll gi\u2019e hersel\u2019 out for ta Laird o\u2019 Lochaber,\n      Shust come for amusements to turn haberdabber,\n        For tat will pe prawer tan herding ta cow.][52]\n\n      She\u2019ll got a big shop, an\u2019 she\u2019ll turn\u2019d a big dealer;\n      She was caution hersel\u2019, for they\u2019ll no sought no bailer,\n      But Tugal M\u2018Tagger hersel\u2019 mak\u2019s a failure--\n        They\u2019ll call her a bankrumpt, a trade she\u2019ll not know.\n\n      They\u2019ll called a great meeting, she\u2019ll look very quate now,\n      She\u2019ll fain win awa\u2019, but they\u2019ll tell her to wait now;\n      They\u2019ll spoket a lang time, \u2019pout a great estate now:\n        She\u2019ll thocht that they\u2019ll thocht her the laird o\u2019 Glendoo.\n\n      They\u2019ll wrote a long while about a trust deeder,\n      She\u2019ll no write a word, for hersel\u2019 couldna read her,\n      They\u2019ll sought compongzition, hoogh, hoogh, never heed her--\n        There\u2019s no sic a word \u2019mang the hills o\u2019 Glendoo.\n\n      But had she her durk, hersel\u2019 would devour them,\n      They\u2019ll put her in jail when she\u2019ll stood there before them;\n      But faith she\u2019ll got out on a hashimanorum,[53]\n        And now she\u2019s as free as the win\u2019s on Glendoo.\n\n\n\n\n_HAD AWA FRAE ME, DONALD._\n\n\n[Stenhouse, in his _Lyric Poetry and Music of Scotland_, suggests\nthat _Had Awa Frae Me, Donald_, was probably written by the same\nhand as _Turnimspike_. In view of the strong likeness which exists\nbetween the two pieces, and the fact that no author has been found\nfor the lines on the following pages, we have no hesitation in\nadmitting them among works probably written by Graham. The view\nhere given is reprinted from--\u2018The Black Bird: a choice collection\nof the most celebrated songs. Few of which are to be found in any\ncollection. By William Hunter, Philo-Architectonic\u00e6. Edinburgh:\nPrinted by J. Bruce and Company: And sold by John Moir, Book-Binder\nin Bell\u2019s Wynd. MDCCLXIV.\u2019 It is also in Herd\u2019s Collection of\n1776.]\n\n\nHAD AWA FRAE ME, DONALD.\n\n      O will you hae the tartan plaid,\n        Or will you hae ta ring, mattam,\n      Or will you hae ta kiss o\u2019 me,\n        And dats ta pretty ting, mattam.\n      Had awa\u2019, bide awa\u2019,\n        Had awa\u2019 frae me, Donald,\n      I\u2019ll neither kiss, nor hae a ring,\n        Nae tartan plaids for me, Donald.\n\n      O see you not her ponny progues,\n        Her fecket plaid, plew, creen, mattam,\n      Her twa short hose, and her twa spiogs,\n        And a shoulter pelt apoon, mattam.\n      Had awa\u2019, bide awa\u2019,\n        Had awa\u2019 frae me, Donald,\n      Nae shoulder belts, nae trink abouts,\n        Nae tartan hose for me, Donald.\n\n      Hur can peshaw a petter hough\n        Tan him wha wears the crown, mattam;\n      Her sell hae pistol and claymore,\n        Tae flie ti\u2019 lallant loon, mattam.\n      Had awa\u2019, had awa\u2019,\n        Had awa\u2019 frae me, Donald,\n      For a your houghs and warlike arms,\n        You\u2019re not a match for me, Donald.\n\n      Hur sell hae a short coat pi pote,\n        No trail my feets at rin, mattam,\n      A cutty sark of guide harn sheet,\n        My mitter he pe spin, mattam.\n      Had awa\u2019, had awa\u2019,\n        Had awa\u2019 frae me, Donald;\n      Gae hame and hap your naked houghs,\n        And fash nae mair wi\u2019 me, Donald.\n\n      You\u2019s ne\u2019er pe pidden work a turn\n        At ony kind o\u2019 spin, mattam,\n      But shug your lenno in a scull,\n        And tidel highland sing, mattam.\n      Had awa\u2019, had awa\u2019,\n        Had awa\u2019 frae me, Donald,\n      Your jogging sculls, and highland sang,\n        Will sound but harsh wi\u2019 me, Donald.\n\n      In ta morning, when him rise,\n        Ye\u2019s get fresh whey for tea, mattam,\n      Sweet milk an ream, as much you please,\n        Far sheaper tan pohea, mattam.\n      Had awa\u2019, bide awa\u2019,\n        Had awa\u2019 frae me, Donald,\n      I wadna quit my morning\u2019s tea;\n        Your whey will ne\u2019er agree, Donald.\n\n      Haper Gallick yes pe learn,\n        An tats ta ponny speak, mattam,\n      Ye\u2019s get a cheese, and putter kirn,\n        Come wi\u2019 me kin ye like, mattam.\n      Had awa\u2019, had awa\u2019,\n        Had awa\u2019 frae me, Donald,\n      Your Gallick, and your Highland chear,\n        Will ne\u2019er gae doun wi\u2019 me, Donald.\n\n      Fait yes pe ket a silder protch,\n        Pe pigger as the moon, mattam,\n      Ye\u2019s ride in curroch stead o\u2019 coach,\n        And wow put ye\u2019ll pe fine, mattam.\n      Had awa\u2019, had awa\u2019,\n        Had awa\u2019 frae me, Donald,\n      For all your Highland rarities,\n        You\u2019re not a match for me, Donald.\n\n      What\u2019s tis ta way tat ye\u2019ll pe kind\n        To a protty man like me, mattam,\n      Sae lang claymore pe po my side,\n        I\u2019ll nefer marry thee, mattam.\n      O come awa\u2019, run awa\u2019,\n        O come awa\u2019 wi\u2019 me, Donald,\n      I wadna quit my Highland man,\n        Frae Lallands set me free, Donald.\n\n\nEND OF VOL. I.\n\n\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[1] _Paisley Magazine_, December, 1828.\n\n[2] _Sketches of the Manners, Customs, and Scenery of Scotland._\n1811.\n\n[3] Chambers\u2019 _Illustrious Scotsmen_, vol. ii., p. 488.\n\n[4] Strang\u2019s _Glasgow and its Clubs_, 2nd edit., p. 77.\n\n[5] _Humorous Chap-Books of Scotland_, p. 184.\n\n[6] Stenhouse\u2019s _Lyric Poetry and Music of Scotland_ (edited by Dr.\nDavid Laing), p. 112*.\n\n[7] _Glasgow and its Clubs_, 2nd ed., p. 80.\n\n[8] Fraser\u2019s _Humorous Chap-Books of Scotland_, p. 192.\n\n[9] _Humorous Chap-Books of Scotland_, p. 172.\n\n[10] Stenhouse\u2019s _Lyric Poetry and Music of Scotland_, p. 112*.\n\n[11] _Glasgow and its Clubs_, 2nd Ed., p. 77.\n\n[12] _History of Poetry in Scotland_, by Alex. Campbell. Edin.\n1798, p. 307.\n\n[13] _Hist. Glas._, 2nd ed., 1830, _appendix_.\n\n[14] Strang\u2019s _Glasgow and its Clubs_, p. 82, _note_.\n\n[15] _Jacobite Songs and Ballads of Scotland_, p. 297.\n\n[16] Bell\u2019s _Commentaries on the Law of Scotland_ (edited by John\nM\u2018Laren, advocate), vol. ii. pp. 281-2.\n\n[17] _A Pedlar\u2019s Pack of Ballads and Songs_, by W. H. Logan, p. 442.\n\n[18] _Paisley Magazine_, December 1828.\n\n[19] _Paisley Magazine._\n\n[20] _Ante_, p. 29.\n\n[21] _Reliques of Robert Burns_, p. 434.\n\n[22] The reference is to Burns. Cromek\u2019s quotation is from\nGrahame\u2019s _Birds of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. iv.\n\n[23] _Works of Robert Burns._ Kilmarnock edition, vol. ii. p. 286.\n\n[24] _Works of Robert Burns._ Edinburgh, 1877-79, vol. i. p. 16.\n\n[25] There were several chap-books with this title in circulation.\nWe have before us one bearing the same name, published in Edinburgh\nin 1764; and another, _The Accomplished Courtier_, also issued in\nEdinburgh in the same year, but they are both totally different\nfrom the Stirling publication.\n\n[26] _Humorous Chap-Books of Scotland_, p. 151.\n\n[27] _Humorous Chap-Books of Scotland_, p. 151.\n\n[28] Mr. John Ashton, in his _Chap-Books of the Eighteenth\nCentury_, a work dealing exclusively with the chap literature of\nEngland, traces what appears to be an original edition of _Simple\nSimon_, \u2018printed and sold in Aldermary Church Yard, London.\u2019 The\npublishers there, he informs his readers in his introduction, were\nWilliam and Cluer Dicey, originally of Northampton, who started a\nbranch of their business in London subsequent to 1720.\n\n[29] _The Glasgow Athen\u00e6um_, August 10, 1850 (No. 2), p. 18.\n\n[30] _The Glasgow Athen\u00e6um_, p. 18.\n\n[31] In the catalogue of the second portion of the library of the\nlate Dr. David Laing, sold two or three years ago, there was a\ncollection of chap-books (lot 795) in which this work is mentioned.\nThe lot was \u201cpassed,\u201d probably because it had disappeared, and\nconsequently we have been unable to come across it. The fact is to\nbe regretted, as there is every reason to believe the copy would be\nunique.\n\n[32] _Glasgow and its Clubs_, 2nd ed., p. 82, _note_.\n\n[33] _Paisley Magazine._\n\n[34] _Glasgow and its Clubs_, 2nd ed., p. 77.\n\n[35] _Humorous Chap-Books of Scotland_, pp. 215-16.\n\n[36] _Chap-Books of the Eighteenth Century_, by John Ashton, p.\nvii. _intro._\n\n[37] _Works of Allan Ramsay_, Fullarton\u2019s ed. vol. i. p. 17.\n\n[38] Dr. Carlyle\u2019s _Autobiography_, p. 89.\n\n[39] _Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character_, 21st ed., p.\nviii.\n\n[40] _Ibid._ 21st ed., p. 249.\n\n[41] _Pounds Sterling._\n\n[42] The preceding five stanzas are all of this song given in the\nAberdeen (1850) edition. In the other editions it is given as in\nthe one of 1774, and, of course, as it is reproduced here.\n\n[43] The equestrian statue of King William III., presented by\nGovernor Macrae to Glasgow, his native city, and erected opposite\nthe Tontine, at the Cross, in 1735. It was cast in Holland. The\nclassical style of dress, including primitive sandals, in which the\nKing is represented, gave rise to the idea in \u2018John Highlandman\u2019s\u2019\nmind that His Majesty was a \u2018poor man.\u2019\n\n[44] The old guardhouse, in the Trongate, at the foot of the\nCandleriggs. Like many of the houses in Glasgow at the time, it had\na colonnaded front, which projected into the street, and made it\na feature of the city. Here the citizens took duty by turns, for\nthese were the days when policemen were unknown.\n\n[45] It is on record that a clockmaker in the Trongate had at that\ntime in his window a clock, on which a figure of the \u2018Deil\u2019 was\nshown as \u2018chapping\u2019 the hours.\n\n[46] There were several roperies in the vicinity of the Broomielaw.\n\n[47] The reference is to the Black Bull Inn--\u2018the cow\u2019s\nhusband\u2019--situated at the West Port, which was then in the\nTrongate, at the head of Stockwell Street. It was one of the most\nfamous hostleries in the west country.\n\n[48] Rather an obscure reference, but it may probably find an\nexplanation in the following statement in Fairholt\u2019s _Costume\nin England_, p. 567:--\u2018Feather muffs are mentioned in Anstey\u2019s\n_New Bath Guide_, and became fashionable in George III.\u2019s reign.\u2019\nAnother alternative is that it may refer to what were then known as\nSpanish fans.\n\n[49] Probably pattens, then in common use.\n\n[50] A long drawn out description of a sedan chair. Carriages had\nnot yet come into vogue. The first private carriage seen in Glasgow\nbelonged to Allan Dreghorn, a timber merchant and carpenter and\njoiner, who built one for himself in 1752.\n\n[51] Perhaps a reference to the \u2018ties\u2019 of the lady\u2019s bonnet.\n\n[52] The two stanzas within brackets are not in several chap-book\ncopies. The many verbal differences indicate that attempts have\nbeen made to touch up the song, but the absence of any very early\ncopy of it, makes it impossible to obtain an absolutely pure text.\nThese alterations, however, in no way affect the narrative.\n\n[53] A wonderful rendering of \u2018_cessio bonorum_.\u2019\n\n\n\n\n  TRANSCRIBER\u2019S NOTE\n\n  Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been\n  corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within\n  the text and consultation of external sources.\n\n  Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,\n  and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. The spelling\n  of all Scottish dialect words has been left unchanged.\n\n  Pg 15: \u2018is a concensus\u2019 replaced by \u2018is a consensus\u2019.\n  Pg 42: \u2018most charateristic\u2019 replaced by \u2018most characteristic\u2019.\n  Pg 58: \u2018gave then forth\u2019 replaced by \u2018gave them forth\u2019.\n  Pg 61: \u201cbear-to be \u2018printed\u201d replaced by \u201cbears \u2018to be printed\u201d.\n  Pg 61: \u2018duodesimo pages\u2019 replaced by \u2018duodecimo pages\u2019.\n  Pg 63: \u2018Turnamspike\u2019 should probably be \u2018Turnimspike\u2019 and\n  \u201cJockie and Maggie\u2019s\u201d should probably be \u201cJocky and Maggy\u2019s\u201d but\n  they have been left unchanged since they are quotations from\n  other books.\n  Pg 64: \u2018Dougald\u2019 should be \u2018Dougal\u2019 but also has been left unchanged.\n  Pg 251 Footnote [42]: \u2018of course, as as it is\u2019 replaced by\n  \u2018of course, as it is\u2019.\n\n  In the poetry the only word changes are:\n  Pg 134: \u201cBut all disper\u2019d\u201d replaced by \u201cBut all dispers\u2019d\u201d.\n  Pg 142: \u2018But the Higlanders\u2019 replaced by \u2018But the Highlanders\u2019.","title":"The Collected Writings of Dougal Graham, \"Skellat\" Bellman of Glasgow, Vol. 1 of 2","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":70059}