{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_61526/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_61526","id":"gutenberg_61526","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/61526","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Religion/Spirituality","Islam -- Dictionaries"],"text":"A\n                          DICTIONARY OF ISLAM\n\n                                 BEING\n\n           A CYCLOP\u251c\u0107DIA OF THE DOCTRINES, RITES, CEREMONIES,\n                AND CUSTOMS, TOGETHER WITH THE TECHNICAL\n                     AND THEOLOGICAL TERMS, OF THE\n                          MUHAMMADAN RELIGION.\n\n\n                                   BY\n\n                 THOMAS PATRICK HUGHES, B.D., M.R.A.S.\n\n                      WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS.\n\n\n                                LONDON:\n         W. H. ALLEN & CO., 18, WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL. S.W.\n\n                                 1885.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n                               DEDICATED\n                           (WITH PERMISSION)\n\n                                   TO\n\n THE RIGHT REVEREND THOMAS VALPY FRENCH, D.D., FIRST BISHOP OF LAHORE,\n  WITH MUCH AFFECTION AND ESTEEM, BY HIS LORDSHIP'S OBEDIENT SERVANT,\n                         THOMAS PATRICK HUGHES.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPREFACE.\n\n\nThe increased interest manifested in relation to all matters\naffecting the East, and the great attention now given to the study of\ncomparative religion, seem to indicate that the time has come when an\nattempt should be made to place before the English-speaking people\nof the world a systematic exposition of the doctrines of the Muslim\nFaith. The present work is intended to supply this want, by giving,\nin a tabulated form, a concise account of the doctrines, rites,\nceremonies, and customs, together with the technical and theological\nterms, of the Muhammadan religion.\n\nAlthough compiled by a clergyman who has had the privilege of being\nengaged in missionary work at Peshawar for a period of twenty years,\nthis \"Dictionary of Islam\" is not intended to be a controversial\nattack on the religious system of Muhammad, but rather an exposition\nof its principles and teachings.\n\nDivided, as the Muslim world is, into numerous sects, it has been\nfound impossible to take into consideration all the minor differences\nwhich exist amongst them. The Dictionary is, for the most part, an\nexposition of the opinions of the Sunni sect, with explanations of\nthe chief points on which the Shiah and Wahhabi schools of thought\ndiffer from it. Very special attention has been given to the views\nof the Wahhabis, as it is the Author's conviction that they represent\nthe earliest teachings of the Muslim Faith as they came from Muhammad\nand his immediate successors. When it is remembered that, according\nto Mr. Wilfrid Blunt's estimate, the Shiah sect only numbers some\nten millions out of the one hundred and seventy-five millions\nof Muhammadans in the world, it will be seen that, in compiling\na Dictionary of Muhammadanism, the Shiah tenets must of necessity\noccupy a secondary place in the study of the religion. Still, upon all\nimportant questions of theology and jurisprudence, these differences\nhave been noticed.\n\nThe present book does not profess to be a Biographical Dictionary. The\ngreat work of Ibn Khallikan, translated into English by Slane,\nsupplies this. But short biographical notices of persons connected\nwith the early history of Islam have been given, inasmuch as many of\nthese persons are connected with religious dogmas and ceremonies;\nthe martyrdom of Husain, for instance, as being the foundation of\nthe Muharram ceremonies; Abu Hanifah, as connected with a school\nof jurisprudence; and the Khalifah `Umar as the real founder of the\nreligious and political power of Islam. In the biographical notice\nof Muhammad, the Author has expressed his deep obligations to Sir\nWilliam Muir's great work, the Life of Mahomet.\n\nIt is impossible for anyone to write upon the subject of Muhammadanism\nwithout being largely indebted, not only to Sir William Muir's books,\nbut also to the works of the late Mr. Lane, the author of Modern\nEgyptians, new editions of which have been edited by Mr. Stanley Lane\nPoole. Numerous quotations from these volumes will be found in the\npresent work.\n\nBut whilst the Author has not hesitated in this compilation to avail\nhimself of the above and similar works, he has, during a long residence\namongst Muhammadan peoples, been able to consult very numerous Arabic\nand Persian works in their originals, and to obtain the assistance\nof very able Muhammadan native scholars of all schools of thought\nin Islam.\n\nHe is specially indebted to Dr. F. Steingass, of the University\nof Munich, the author of the English-Arabic and Arabic-English\nDictionaries, for a careful revision of the whole work. The interesting\narticle on WRITING is from the pen of this distinguished scholar,\nas well as some valuable criticisms on the composition of the QUR'AN,\nand a biographical sketch of the Khalifah `Umar.\n\nOrientalists may, perhaps, be surprised to find that Sikhism has been\ntreated as a sect of Islam, but the Compiler has been favoured with\na very able and scholarly article on the subject by Mr. F. Pincott,\nM.R.A.S., in which he shows that the \"religion of Nanak was really\nintended as a compromise between Hinduism and Muhammadanism, if it\nmay not even be spoken of as the religion of a Muhammadan sect,\"--the\npublication of which in the present work seemed to be most desirable.\n\nAt the commencement of the publication of the work, the Author\nreceived very valuable assistance from the Rev. F. A. P. Shirreff,\nM.A., Principal of the Lahore Divinity College, as well as from other\nfriends, which he must gratefully acknowledge.\n\nAmongst the numerous suggestions which the Author received for the\ncompilation of this Dictionary, was one from a well-known Arabic\nscholar, to the effect that the value of the work would be enhanced\nif the quotations from the Qur'an, and from the Traditions, were\ngiven in their original Arabic. This, however, seemed incompatible\nwith the general design of the book. The whole structure of the\nwork is intended to be such as will make it available to English\nscholars unacquainted with the Arabic language; and, consequently,\nmost of the information given will be found under English words rather\nthan under their Arabic equivalents. For example, for information\nregarding the attributes of the Divine Being, the reader must refer\nto the English God, and not to the Arabic ALLAH; for all the ritual\nand laws regarding the liturgical service, to the English PRAYER,\nand not to the Arabic SALAT; for the marriage laws and ceremonies,\nto the English MARRIAGE, and not to the Arabic NIKAH. It is hoped\nthat, in this way, the information given will be available to those\nwho are entirely unacquainted with Oriental languages, or, indeed,\nwith Eastern life.\n\nThe quotations from the Qur'an have been given chiefly from Palmer's\nand Rodwell's translations; and those in the Qur'anic narrative\nof Biblical characters (MOSES for example) have been taken from\nMr. Stanley Lane Poole's edition of Lane's Selections. But, when\nneedful, entirely new translations of quotations from the Qur'an have\nbeen given.\n\nThe \"Dictionary of Islam\" has been compiled with very considerable\nstudy and labour, in the hope that it will be useful to many;--to the\nGovernment official called to administer justice to Muslim peoples; to\nthe Christian missionary engaged in controversy with Muslim scholars;\nto the Oriental traveller seeking hospitality amongst Muslim peoples;\nto the student of comparative religion anxious to learn the true\nteachings of Islam;--to all, indeed, who care to know what are those\nleading principles of thought which move and guide one hundred and\nseventy-five millions of the great human family, forty millions of whom\nare under the rule of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Empress of India.\n\n\nJuly 23rd, 1885.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[Transcriber's note: The remainder of this book has only been prepared\nas an HTML file, which, due to including numerous phrases in Arabic,\nHebrew, and Greek script, as well as numerous tables, would be hard to\npresent as plain text.]","title":"A Dictionary of Islam: Being a cyclopedia of the doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs, together with the technical and theological terms, of the Muhammadan religion.","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":1208}