{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_66182/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_66182","id":"gutenberg_66182","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66182","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: History - Other","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"{141}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n=\"When found, make a note of.\"=--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    No. 198.]\n    SATURDAY, AUGUST 13. 1853.\n    [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n\n    NOTES:--                                                          Page\n\n      Bacon's Essays, by Markby                                        141\n\n      The Isthmus of Panama                                            144\n\n      FOLK LORE:--Legends of the County Clare--Moon\n      Superstitions--Warwickshire Folk Lore--Northamptonshire\n      Folk Lore--Slow-worm Superstition--A\n      Devonshire Charm for the Thrush                                  145\n\n      Old Jokes                                                        146\n\n      An Interpolation of the Players: Tobacco, by W. Robson           147\n\n      MINOR NOTES:--Curious Epitaph--Enigmatical Epitaph--Books\n      worthy to be reprinted--Napoleon's Thunderstorm--Istamboul:\n      Constantinople                                                   147\n\n    QUERIES:--\n\n      Strut-stowers, and Yeathers or Yadders, by C. H.\n      Cooper                                                           148\n\n      MINOR QUERIES:--Archbishop Parker's Correspondence--Amor\n      Nummi--The Number Nine--Position of Font--Aix Ruochim or\n      Romans Ioner--\"Lessons for Lent,\" &c.--\"La Branche des\n      r\u00e9aus Lignages\"--Marriage Service--\"Czar\" or \"Tsar\"--Little\n      Silver--On \u00c6sop's (?) Fable of washing the Blackamoor--Wedding\n      Proverb--German Phrase--German Heraldry--Leman Family--A\n      Cob-wall--Inscription near Chalcedon--Domesday\n      Book--Dotinchem--\"Mirrour to all,\" &c.--Title wanted--Portrait\n      of Charles I.: Countess Du Barry                                 149\n\n      MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--\"Preparation for\n      Martyrdom\"--Reference wanted--Speaker of the\n      House of Commons in 1697                                         152\n\n    REPLIES:--\n\n      Inscriptions in Books                                            153\n\n      The Drummer's Letter, by Henry H. Breen                          153\n\n      Old Fogies                                                       154\n\n      Descendants of John of Gaunt, by William Hardy                   155\n\n      PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Lining of Cameras--Cyanuret\n      of Potassium--Minuteness of Detail on Paper--Stereoscopic\n      Angles--Sisson's developing Solution--Multiplying\n      Photographs--Is it dangerous to use the Ammonio-nitrate of\n      Silver?                                                          157\n\n      REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Burke's Marriage--Stars and\n      Flowers--Odour from the Rainbow--Judges styled Reverend--Jacob\n      Bobart--\"Putting your foot into it\"--Simile of the Soul and the\n      Magnetic Needle--The Tragedy of Polidus--Robert Fairlie--\"Mater\n      ait nat\u00e6,\" &c.--Sir John Vanbrugh--F\u00eate des Chaudrons--Murder\n      of Monaldeschi--Land of Green Ginger--Unneath--Snail\n      Gardens--Parvise--Humbug--Table-moving--Scotch\n      Newspapers--Door-head Inscriptions--Honorary Degrees--\"Never\n      ending, still beginning\"                                         158\n\n    MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                     162\n\n      Notices to Correspondents                                        162\n\n      Advertisements                                                   163\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\nNotes.\n\n\nBACON'S ESSAYS, BY MARKBY.\n\nMr. Markby has recently published his promised edition of Bacon's\n_Essays_; and he has in this, as in his edition of the _Advancement of\nLearning_, successfully traced most of the passages alluded to by Lord\nBacon. The following notes relate to a few points which still deserve\nattention:\n\nEssay I. On Truth:--\"The poet that beautified the sect that was otherwise\ninferior to the rest.\"] By \"beautified\" is here meant \"set off to\nadvantage,\" \"embellished.\"\n\nEssay II. On Death.--\n\nMany of the thoughts in the _Essays_ recur in the \"Exempla Antithetorum,\"\nin the 6th book _De Augmentis Scientiarum_. With respect to this Essay,\ncompare the article \"Vita,\" No. 12., in vol. viii. p. 360. ed. Montagu.\n\n\"You shall read in some of the friars' books of mortification, that a man\nshould think with himself what the pain is, if he have but his finger's\nend pressed or tortured, and thereby imagine what the pains of death are\nwhen the whole body is corrupted and dissolved.\"] Query, What books are\nhere alluded to?\n\n\"Pompa mortis magis terret, quam mors ipsa.\"] Mr. Markby thinks these\nwords are an allusion to Sen. _Ep._ xxiv. \u00a7 13. Something similar also\noccurs in _Ep._ xiv. \u00a7 3. Compare Ovid, _Heroid._ x. 82.: \"Morsque minus\np\u0153n\u00e6 quam mora mortis habet.\"\n\n\"Galba, with a sentence, 'Feri si ex re sit populi Romani.'\"] In addition\nto the passage of Tacitus, quoted by Mr. Markby, see Sueton. _Galb._ c.\n20.\n\n\"Septimus Severus in despatch, 'Adeste si quid mihi restat agendum.'\"] No\nsuch dying words are attributed to Severus, either in Dio Cassius, lxxvi.\n15., the passage cited by Mr. Markby, or in Spartian. _Sever._ c. 23.\n\nIn the passage of Juvenal, the words are, \"qui spatium vit\u00e6,\" and not\n\"qui finem vit\u00e6,\" as quoted by Lord Bacon. Length of life is meant.\n\nEssay III. Of Unity in Religion.--\n\n\"Certain Laodiceans and lukewarm persons.\"] The allusion is to Rev. iii.\n14-16.\n\n{142}\n\n\"It is noted by one of the Fathers, Christ's coat indeed had no seam, but\nthe Church's vesture was of divers colours; whereupon he saith, 'in veste\nvarietas sit, scissura non sit.'\"] Query, Who is the Father alluded to?\n\n\"The massacre in France.\"] _I. e._ the massacre of St. Bartholomew.\n\nEssay IV. Of Revenge.--See _Antitheta_, No. 39. vol. viii. p. 374.\n\nThe saying of Cosmo, Duke of Florence, as to not forgiving friends,\nrecurs in the _Apophthegms_, vol. i. p. 394. ed. Montagu.\n\nEssay V. Of Adversity.--\n\nOn the fable of Hercules sailing over the ocean in an earthen pot,\nsee _Sap. Vet._, vol. x. p. 335. And concerning the Greek fable, see\nSchneidewin, _Del. Poes._ Gr., p. 329.\n\nEssay VI. Of Simulation and Dissimulation.--See _Antitheta_, No. 32. vol.\nviii. p. 370.\n\n\"Arts of state and arts of life, as Tacitus well calleth them.\"] Mr.\nMarkby does not trace this allusion, which is not obvious.\n\nEssay VII. Of Parents and Children.--See _Antitheta_, No. 5. vol. viii.\np. 356.\n\n\"The Italians make little difference between children and nephews, or\nnear kinsfolk.\"] Query, What ground is there for this assertion?\n\n\"Generally the precept is good: 'Optimum elige, suave et facile illud\nfaciet consuetudo.'\"] Query, Who is the author of this precept?\n\nEssay VIII. Of Marriage and Single Life.--See _Antitheta_, No. 5. vol.\nviii. p. 356.\n\nThe answer of Thales concerning marriage is also given in Plut. _Symp._\niii. 3.\n\nEssay IX. Of Envy.--See _Antitheta_, No. 16. vol. viii. p. 362.\n\n\"The Scripture calleth envy an evil eye.\"] Lord Bacon appears to allude\nto James iv. 5.: \"Do ye think that the Scripture saith in vain, the\nSpirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy?\"\n\n\"Non est curiosus, quin idem sit malevolus.\"] From Plautus, _Stich._ 1.\n3. v. 55. \"Nam curiosus nemo est, quin sit malevolus.\"\n\n\"Therefore it was well said, 'Invidia festos dies non agit.'\"] Whence is\nthis saying taken? It occurs likewise in the _Antitheta_.\n\nEssay X. Of Love.--See _Antitheta_, No. 36. vol. viii. p. 373.\n\n\"It hath been well said, that the arch-flatterer, with whom all the petty\nflatterers have intelligence, is a man's self.\"] Query, From whom is this\nsaying quoted?\n\n\"It was well said, that it is impossible to love and to be wise.\"]\nMr. Markby cites a verse of Publius Syrus, \"Amare et sapere vix Deo\nconceditur.\" Compare Menander, _Andria_, Fragm. 1., and Ovid, _Met._ ii.\n846.: \"Non bene conveniunt, nec in un\u00e2 sede morantur, Majestas et amor.\"\n\n\"I know not how, but martial men are given to love.\"] Aristotle (_Pol._\nii. 9.) has the same remark, adding that there was good reason for the\nfable which made Venus the spouse of Mars.\n\nEssay XI. Of Great Place.--See _Antitheta_, No. 7. vol. viii. p. 357.\n\n\"Cum non sis qui fueris, non esse cur velis vivere.\"] Whatever may be the\nsource of this quotation, the sense seems to require _est_ for _esse_.\n\n\"It is most true that was anciently spoken: 'A place showeth the man.'\"]\nThe allusion is to the celebrated Greek proverb \"\u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u1f74 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9,\"\nattributed to Bias, Solon, Pittacus, and others. See Diogenianus, _Prov._\nii. 94., with the note of Leutsch and Schneidewin.\n\nEssay XII. Of Boldness.--See _Antitheta_, No. 33. vol. viii. p. 371.\n\n\"Question was asked of Demosthenes,\" &c.] See _Cic. de Orat._ iii. 56.;\n_Brut._ 38.; _Plut. Vit. X. Orat._ c. 8. By the Greek word \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, and\nthe Latin word _actio_, in this anecdote, is meant all that belongs to\nthe _acting_ or _delivery_ of a speech. Bacon appears, by his following\nremarks, not to include elocution in _actio_; which was certainly not\nCicero's understanding of the word.\n\n\"If the hill will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet will go to the hill.\"]\nQuery, What is the authority for this well-known story?\n\nEssay XIII. Of Goodness.--\n\n\"The Turks, a cruel people, nevertheless are kind to beasts, and give\nalms to dogs and birds; insomuch, as Busbechius reporteth, a Christian\nboy in Constantinople had like to have been stoned for gagging in a\nwaggishness a long-billed fowl.\"] A. G. Busbequius, _Legationis Turcic\u00e6\nEpistol\u00e6 quattuor_, in Epist. iii. p. 107. of his works, Lond. 1660,\ntells a story of a Venetian goldsmith at Constantinople, who was fond\nof fowling, and had caught a bird of the size of the cuckoo, and of the\nsame colour; with a beak not very large, but with jaws so wide that,\nwhen opened, they would admit a man's fist. This bird he fastened over\nhis door, with extended wings, and a stick in his beak, so as to extend\nthe jaws to a great width, as a joke. The Turks, who were passing by,\ntook compassion on the bird; seized the goldsmith by the neck, and led\nhim before the criminal judge. He was with difficulty saved from an\ninfliction of the bastinado by the interference of the Venetian Bailo.\nThe man told the story to Busbequius, and showed him the bird; who\nsupposed it to be the _Caprimulgus_, or goat-sucker. A full account of\nthe _Caprimulgus Europ\u00e6us_ (the bird here alluded to) may be seen in\nthe _Penny Cyclop\u00e6dia_, art. NIGHTJARS. It will be observed that Bacon\nquotes the story from memory, and does not represent the particulars of\nit with accuracy. It is not a Christian _boy_, nor is he threatened with\n_stoning_, nor is the bird a _long-billed_ fowl.\n\n{143}\n\n\"Neither give thou \u00c6sop's cock a gem,\" &c.] Compare _Apophthegms_, No.\n203. p. 393.\n\n\"Such men in other men's calamities are, as it were, in season, _and are\never on the loading part_.\"] By \"the loading part,\" seems to be meant\nthe part which is most heavily laden; the part which supports the chief\nburthen.\n\n\"Misanthropi, that make it their practice to bring men to the bough, and\nyet have never a tree for the purpose in their gardens as Timon had.\"]\nQuery, What is the allusion in this passage? Nothing of the sort occurs\nin Lucian's dialogue of Timon.\n\nEssay XIV. Of Nobility.--See _Antitheta_, No. 1. vol. viii. p. 354.\n\nEssay XV. Of Seditions and Troubles.--\n\n\"As Machiavel noteth well, when princes, that ought to be common parents,\nmake themselves as a party,\" &c.] Perhaps Lord Bacon alludes to _Disc._\niii. 27.\n\n\"As Tacitus expresseth it well, 'Liberius quam ut imperantium\nmeminissent.'\"] Mr. Markby is at a loss to trace this quotation. I am\nunable to assist him.\n\nThe verses of Lucan are quoted from memory. The original has, \"Avidumque\nin tempora,\" and \"Et concussa fides.\"\n\n\"Dolendi modus, timendi non item.\"] Query, Whence are these words taken?\n\n\"Solvam cingula regum.\"] Mr. Markby refers to Job xii. 18.; but the\npassage alluded to seems to be Isaiah xlv. 1.\n\nThe story of Epimetheus is differently applied in _Sap. Vet._, vol. x. p.\n342.\n\nThe saying of C\u00e6sar on Sylla is inserted in the _Apophthegms_, No. 135.\np. 379. That of Galba is likewise to be found in Suet. _Galb._ 16.\n\nEssay XVI. Of Atheism.--See _Antitheta_, No. 13. vol. viii. p. 360.\n\n\"Who to him is instead of a god, or melior natura.\"] From Ovid, _Met._ 1.\n21. \"Hanc deus et melior litem natura diremit.\"\n\nEssay XVII. Of Superstition.--See _Antitheta_, No. 13. vol. viii. p. 360.\n\nEssay XIX. Of Empire.--See _Antitheta_, No. 8. vol. viii. p. 358.\n\n\"And the like was done by that league, which Guicciardini saith was the\nsecurity of Italy,\" &c.] The league alluded to, is that of 1485. See\nGuicciardini, lib. i. c. 1.\n\n\"Neither is the opinion of some of the school-men to be received, that a\nwar cannot justly be made but upon a precedent injury or provocation.\"]\nGrotius lays down the same doctrine as Bacon, _De J. B. et P._, ii. 1. \u00a7\u00a7\n2, 3. Query, What school-men are here referred to?\n\nEssay XX. Of Counsel.--See _Antitheta_, No. 44. vol. viii. p. 377.\n\nJupiter and Metis.] See _Sap. Vet._, vol. xi. p. 354.\n\n\"For which inconveniences, the doctrine of Italy, and practice of France,\nin some kings' times, hath introduced cabinet councils: a remedy worse\nthan the disease.\" By \"cabinet councils\" are here meant private meetings\nof selected advisers in the king's own apartment.\n\n\"Principis est virtus maxima nosse suos.\"] From Martial, viii. 15.\n\n\"It was truly said, '_Optimi consiliarii mortui._'\"] Compare\n_Apophthegms_, No. 105.: \"Alonzo of Arragon was wont to say of himself,\nthat he was a great necromancer; for that he used to ask counsel of the\ndead, meaning books.\"\n\nEssay XXI. Of Delays.--See _Antitheta_, No. 41. vol. viii. p. 376.\n\n\"Occasion (as it is in the common verse) turneth a bald noddle,\" &c.] See\n\"N. & Q.,\" Vol. iii., pp. 8. 43., where this saying is illustrated.\n\nEssay XXII. Of Cunning.--\n\n\"The old rule, to know a fool from a wise man: 'Mitte ambos nudos ad\nignotos, et videbis.'\"] Attributed to \"one of the philosophers\" in\n_Apophthegms_, No. 255. p. 404.\n\n\"I knew a counsellor and secretary that never came to Queen Elizabeth of\nEngland with bills to sign, but he would always first put her into some\ndiscourse of estate, that she might the less mind the bills.\"] King's\nor queen's bills is a technical expression for a class of documents\nrequiring the royal signature, which is still, or was recently, in use.\nSee Murray's _Official Handbook_, by Mr. Redgrave, p. 257. Query, To\nwhich of Queen Elizabeth's Secretaries of State does Bacon allude? And\nagain, who are meant by the \"two who were competitors for the Secretary's\nplace in Queen Elizabeth's time,\" mentioned lower down?\n\nEssay XXIII. Of Wisdom for a Man's Self.--\n\n\"It is the wisdom of rats, that will be sure to leave a house somewhat\nbefore it fall.\"] Query, How and when did this popular notion (now\nengrafted upon our political language) originate?\n\n\"It is the wisdom of crocodiles, that shed tears when they would\ndevour.\"] This saying seems to be derived from the belief, that the\ncrocodile imitates the cry of children in order to attract their mothers,\nand then to devour them. See Salgues, _Des Erreurs et des Pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s_, tom.\nii. p. 406.\n\nEssay XXIV. Of Innovations.--See _Antitheta_, No. 40. vol. viii. p. 375.\n\nEssay XXV. Of Despatch.--See _Antitheta_, No. 27. vol. viii. p. 368.\n\n\"I knew a wise man, that had it for a by-word, when he saw men hasten to\na conclusion, 'Stay a little, that we may make an end the sooner.'\"] Mr.\nMarkby says that Sir Amias Paulet is the {144} person alluded to. The\nsaying in _Apophthegms_, No. 14. p. 414.\n\n\"The Spartans and Spaniards have been noted to be of small despatch: 'Mi\nvenga la muerte de Spagna,--Let my death come from Spain, for then it\nwill be sure to be long in coming.'\"] The slow and dilatory character of\nthe Laced\u00e6monians is noted in Thucyd. i. 70.: \"\u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03bf\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2\n\u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2.\" And again, i. 84.: \"\u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u1f7a \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f43 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\n\u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd.\" Livy represents the Rhodians making a similar remark to\nthe Roman senate in 167 B.C.: \"Atheniensium populum fama est celerem et\nsupra vires audacem esse ad conandum: Laced\u00e6moniorum cunctatorem, et vix\nin ea, quibus fidit, ingredientem,\" xlv. 23. Bayle, in his _Pens\u00e9es sur\nles Com\u00e8tes_, \u00a7 243., has a passage which illustrates the slowness of the\nSpaniards:--\"D'un c\u00f4t\u00e9 on pr\u00e9voyoit, que l'empereur et le roi d'Espagne\nse serviroient de tr\u00e8s grandes forces, pour opprimer la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9:\nmais on pr\u00e9voyoit aussi de l'autre, qu'ils ne seroient jamais en \u00e9tat\nde l'accabler, parceque la lenteur et les longues d\u00e9lib\u00e9rations qui\nont toujours fait leur partage, font perdre trop de bonnes occasions.\nVous savez la pens\u00e9e de Malherbe sur ce sujet: S'il est vrai, dit-il\ndans quelqu'une de ses lettres, que l'Espagne aspire \u00e0 la monarchie\nuniverselle, je lui conseille de demander \u00e0 Dieu une surs\u00e9ance de la fin\ndu monde.\"\n\nEssay XXVI. Of seeming wise.--\n\n\"Magno conatu nugas.\"] From Terence, _Heaut._ iii. _5._ 8.: \"Ne ista,\nhercle, magno jam conatu magnas nugas dixerit.\"\n\nEssay XXVII. Of Friendship.--\n\n\"Epimenides the Candian.\"] Bacon calls the ancient Cretan priest\nEpimenides a \"Candian,\" as Machiavel speaks of the capture of Rome by\nthe \"Francesi\" under Brennus. Mr. Pashley, in his _Travels in Crete_,\nvol. i. p. 189., shows that Candia is a name unknown in the island; and\nthat among the natives its ancient denomination is still in use. The name\nCandia has been propagated over Europe from the Italian usage.\n\n\"The Latin adage meeteth with it a little: 'Magna civitas, magna\nsolitudo.'\"] See Erasm. _Adag._, p. 1293. It is taken from a verse of a\nGreek comic poet, which referred to the city of Megalopolis in Arcadia:\n\"\u1f18\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 '\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76\u03bd \u1f21 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2.\"--Strab. viii. 8. \u00a7 1.\n\n\"The Roman name attaineth the true use and cause thereof, naming them\n'participes curarum.'\"] To what examples of this expression does Bacon\nrefer?\n\n\"The parable of Pythagoras is dark, but true: 'Cor ne edito.'\"]\nConcerning this Pythagorean precept, see Diog., Laert. viii. 17, 18., cum\nnot.\n\nThe saying of Themistocles is repeated in _Apophthegms_, No. 199. p. 392.\n\nThe saying of Heraclitus is repeated, _Apophthegms_, No. 268.; _De\nSap. Vet._, vol. xi. p. 346. It is alluded to in _Nov. Org._, ii. 32.:\n\"Quicquid enim abducit intellectum a consuetis, \u00e6quat et complanat aream\nejus, ad recipiendum _lumen siccum et purum_ notionum verarum.\"\n\n\"It was a sparing speech of the ancients, to say that a friend is another\nhimself.\"] See Aristot., _Mag. Mor._ ii. 11.: \"\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u1f72\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1f74 \u1f21 \u1f10\u03bc\u1f74 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76\n\u1f21 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5;\" and again, c. 15.: \"\u03a4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c, \u1f00\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76\n\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u1fc3\u03c2, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd '\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f29\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2,' '\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2\n\u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce.'\" _Eth. Eud._ vii. 12.: \"\u1f49 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u1f21\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u1f76\u03bd, \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f28\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2, \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.\"\n\nL.\n\n(_To be continued._)\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA.\n\nThe interest which the execution of the railroad across the Isthmus of\nPanama excites, induces me to transmit you the following extract from\nGage's _New Survey of the West Indies_, 8vo., London, 1699.\n\nA few lines relative to the author, of whom but little is known, may be\nalso of use. He was the son of John Gage, of Haling; and his brother\nwas Sir Henry Gage, governor of Oxford, killed at the battle at Culham\nBridge, Jan. 11, 1644. His family were of the Roman Catholic faith; and\nhe was sent by his father in 1612 into Spain, to study under the Jesuits,\nin the hope he would join that society; but his aversion to them led him\nto enter the Dominican Order at Valladolid, in 1612. His motives were\nsuspected; his father was irritated--threatened to disinherit him and to\narouse against him the power of the Jesuits of England if he returned\nhome. He now determined to pass over to the Spanish possessions in South\nAmerica; but as an order had been issued by the king, forbidding this to\nany _Englishman_, it was only by inclosing him in an empty sea-biscuit\ncase, he was able to sail from Cadiz, July 2, 1625. He arrived at\nMexico on October 8; and after residing there for some time to recruit\nhimself from the voyage, resolved to abandon a missionary scheme to the\nPhilippine islands he had planned, and accordingly, on the day fixed for\ntheir departure to Acapulco, escaped with three other Dominicans for\nChispat. He was here well received, and went subsequently to the head\nestablishment at Guatimala. He was soon appointed curate of Amatitlan;\nand during his residence at this and another district contrived to amass\na sum of 9000 piastres, with the aid of which he sought to accomplish\nhis long-cherished desire of returning to England. Many difficulties\nwere in his way; but on the 7th January, 1637, he quitted Amatitlan,\ntraversed the province of Nicaragua, and embarked from the coast of\nCosta Rica. The ship was soon after boarded by a Dutch corsair, and Gage\nwas robbed of 8000 piastres. He succeeded in reaching Panama, traversed\nthe Isthmus, and sailed from Porto Bello {145} in the Spanish fleet,\nwhich reached San Sucar, Nov. 28, 1637. He returned to England after\nan absence of twenty-four years. His father was dead: he found himself\ndisinherited, and although hardly recognised by his family at first, he\nmet ultimately with kindly treatment. During his residence in S. America,\ndoubts had arisen in his mind as to the truth and validity of the creed\nand ritual to which he was attached. Whether this was the consequence\nof reflection from his theological studies, or animated love of change\nwhich his conduct at times betrayed, cannot be decided. He resolved to\nproceed to Italy, and renew his studies there. Upon his return, after a\nshort residence, he renounced Catholicism in a sermon he preached at St.\nPaul's. About 1642 he attached himself to the Parliament cause, and it\nis said he obtained the living of Deal in Kent; as the parish registers\ncontain an entry of the burial of Mary daughter, and Mary wife, of\nThomas Gage, parson of Deal, March 21, 1652; but when he was married,\nand whom he married, does not appear. Gage's work has been rather too\nmuch decried. It contains matter of interest relative to the state of\nthe Spanish possessions; and his credulity and superstition must be\nconsidered in relation to his opportunities and his age. Perhaps some\nof your readers may contribute farther information concerning him, as\nthe general accounts I have been able to meet with are contradictory\nand insufficient. The _Biographie Universelle_ states, that it was his\n_Survey of the West Indies_ that led to the English expeditions to the\nSpanish Main, which secured Jamaica to the English in 1654, and adds he\ndied there in 1655. The registers at Deal could probably prove this fact;\nbut I confess to doubt as to whether Gage really were the parson alluded\nto as resident there in 1652. He was evidently of a roving unsteady\nnature, fond of adventure, and the first to open to English enterprise\na knowledge of the state of the Spanish possessions, to prevent which\nthe council of the Indies had passed so many stringent laws. Colbert\ncaused this work to be translated, and it has been often reprinted on the\nContinent, but much mutilated, as his statements relative to the Roman\nCatholic priesthood gave offence. A good memoir of Gage is still to be\ndesired. The following is the extract relative to the Isthmus of Panama,\n_West Indies_, p. 151.:--\n\n    \"The Peruvian part containeth all the southern tract, and\n    is tyed to the Mexican by the Isthmus or Strait of Darien,\n    being no more than 17, or, as others say, in the narrowest\n    place, but 12 miles broad, from the north to the south sea.\n    Many have mentioned to the Council of Spain the cutting of a\n    navigable channel through this small Isthmus, so to shorten\n    the voyage to China and the Moluccoes. But the kings of Spain\n    have not yet attempted to do it; some say lest in the work he\n    should lose those few Indians which are left (would to God it\n    were so, that they were or had been so careful and tender of\n    the poor Indians' lives, more populous would that vast and\n    spacious country be at this day), but others say he hath not\n    attempted it lest the passage by the Cape Bona Esperanza (Good\n    Hope) being left off, those seas might become a receptacle\n    for pirates. However, this hath not been attempted by the\n    Spaniards; they give not for reason any extraordinary great\n    charge, for that would soon be recompensed with the speedie and\n    easie conveying that way the commodities from S. to N. seas.\"\n\nThis bears reference to projects before 1625, or during his residence in\nS. America, between 1625-1637; but Gage could hardly have understood the\nnature of the Spanish character, and the genius of the government, to\nspeculate upon the cause of their neglect of every useful enterprise for\nthe promotion of commerce and public good.\n\nS. H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Legends of the County Clare._--On the west coast of Ireland, near the\nCliffs of Moher, at some distance out in the bay, the waves appear\ncontinually breaking in white foam even on the calmest day. The tradition\namong the country people is, that a great city was swallowed up there for\nsome great crime, and that it becomes visible once every seven years.\nAnd if the person who sees it could keep his eyes fixed on it till he\nreached it, it would then be restored, and he would obtain great wealth.\nThe man who related the legend stated farther, that some years ago some\nlabourers were at work in a field on the hill side in view of the bay;\nand one of them, happening to cast his eyes seaward, saw the city in all\nits splendour emerge from the deep. He called to his companions to look\nat it; but though they were close to him, he could not attract their\nattention: at last, he turned round to see why they would not come; but\non looking back, when he had succeeded in attracting their attention, the\ncity had disappeared.\n\nThe Welsh legend of the Islands of the Blessed, which can only be seen\nby a person who stands on a turf from St. David's churchyard, bears a\ncurious coincidence to the above. It is not impossible that there may\nhave been some foundation for the vision of the enchanted city at Moher\nin the _Fata Morgana_, very beautiful spectacles of which have been seen\non other parts of the coast of Ireland.\n\nFRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.\n\n_Moon Superstitions_ (Vol. viii., p. 79.).--In this age of fact and\nscience, it is remarkable that even with the well-informed the old faith\nin the \"change of the moon\" as a prognostic of fair and foul weather\nstill keeps its hold. W. W. asks \"have we any proof of\" the \"correctness\"\nof this faith? To suppose that the weather varies with the amount of\n{146} illuminated surface on the moon would make the change in the\nweather vary with the amount of moonshine, which of course is absurd,\nas in that case the clouds would have much more to do with the question\nthan the moon's shadow. But still it may be said the moon may influence\nthe weather as it is supposed to cause the tides. In answer to this I\nbeg to state the opinion of Dr. Ick, who was for upwards of ten years\nthe curator of the Birmingham Philosophical Institute, an excellent\nmeteorologist, geologist, and botanist. He assured me that after the\nclosest and most accurate observation of the moon and the weather, he had\narrived at the conclusion that _there is not the slightest observable\ndependence between them_.\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_Warwickshire Folk Lore._--The only certain remedy for the bite of an\nadder is to kill the offending reptile, and apply some of its fat to the\nwound. Whether the fat should be raw or melted down, my informant did not\nsay, but doubtless the same effect would be produced in either case.\n\nIf a pig is killed in the wane of the moon, the bacon is sure to shrink\nin the boiling; if, on the other hand, the pig is killed when the moon is\nat the full, the bacon will swell.\n\nERICA.\n\nWarwick.\n\n_Northamptonshire Folk Lore._--There is a singular custom prevailing in\nsome parts of Northamptonshire, and perhaps some of your correspondents\nmay be able to mention other places where a similar practice exists. If\na female is afflicted with fits, nine pieces of silver money and nine\nthreehalfpences are collected from nine bachelors: the silver money\nis converted into a ring to be worn by the afflicted person, and the\nthreehalfpences (_i. e._ 13\u00bd_d._) are paid to the maker of the ring,\nan inadequate remuneration for his labour, but which he good-naturedly\naccepts. If the afflicted person be a male, the contributions are levied\nupon females.\n\nE. H.\n\n_Slow-worm Superstition_ (Vol. viii., p. 33.).--As a child I was always\ntold by the servants that if _any serpent_ was \"scotched, not killed,\" it\nwould revive if it could reach its hole before sunset, but that otherwise\nit must die. Hence the custom, so universal, of hanging any serpent on a\ntree after killing it.\n\nSELEUCUS.\n\n_A Devonshire Charm for the Thrush._--On visiting one of my parishioners,\nwhose infant was ill with the thrush, I asked her what medicine she\nhad given the child? She replied, she had done nothing to it but say\nthe eighth Psalm over it. I found that her cure was to repeat the\neighth Psalm over the infant three times, three days running; and on my\nhesitating a doubt as to the efficacy of the remedy, she appealed to the\ncase of another of her children who had suffered badly from the thrush,\nbut had been cured by the use of no other means. If it was said \"with\nthe virtue,\" it was, she declared, an unfailing cure. The mention, in\nthis Psalm, of \"the mouths of babes and sucklings,\" I suppose led to its\nselection.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nOLD JOKES.\n\nEvery man ought to read the jest-books, that he may not make himself\ndisagreeable by repeating \"old Joes\" as the very last good things.\nOne book of this class is little more than the copy of another as to\nthe points, with a change of the persons; and the same joke, slightly\nvaried, appears in as many different countries as the same fairy-tale.\nSeven years ago I found at Prague the \"Joe\" of the Irishman saying that\nthere were a hundred judges on the bench, because there was one with two\ncyphers. The valet-de-place told me that when the Emperor and Metternich\nwere together they were called \"the council of ten,\" because they were\n_eins und zero_.\n\nIt is interesting to trace a joke back, of which process I send an\nexample. In the very clever version of the Chancellor of Oxford's speech\non introducing the new doctors (_Punch_, No. 622.) are these lines:\n\n    \"En Henleium! en Stanleium! Hic eminens prosator:\n    Ille, filius pulchro patre, hercle pulchrior orator;\n    Demosthenes in herb\u00e2, _sed in ore retinens illos_\n    _Quos, antequam peroravit, Gr\u00e6cus respuit lapillos._\"\n\nEbenezer Grubb, in his description of the opposition in 1814, thus\nnotices Mr. F. Douglas:\n\n    \"He is a forward and frequent speaker; remarkable for a\n    graceful inclination of the upper part of his body in advance\n    of the lower, and speaketh, I suspect _(after the manner of an\n    ancient), with pebbles in his mouth_.\"--_New Whig Guide_, 1819,\n    p. 47.\n\nIn Foote's _Patron_, Sir Roger Dowlas, an East India proprietor, who has\nsought instruction in oratory from Sir Thomas Lofty, is introduced to the\n_conversazione_:--\n\n    \"_Sir Thomas._ Sir Roger, be seated. This gentleman has, in\n    common with the greatest orator the world ever saw, a small\n    natural infirmity; he stutters a little: but I have prescribed\n    the same remedy that Demosthenes used, and don't despair of a\n    radical cure. Well, sir, have you digested those general rules?\n\n    _Sir Roger._ Pr-ett-y well, I am obli-g'd to you, Sir Th-omas.\n\n    _Sir Thomas._ Did you open at the last general court?\n\n    _Sir Roger._ I att-empt-ed fo-ur or five times.\n\n    _Sir Thomas._ What hindered your progress?\n\n    _Sir Roger._ _The pe-b-bles._\n\n    {147}\n\n    _Sir Thomas._ _Oh, the pebbles in his mouth_: but they are only\n    put in to practise in private: _you should take them out when\n    you are addressing the public_.\"\n\nI cannot trace the joke farther, but as Foote, though so rich in wit, was\na great borrower, it might not be new in 1764.\n\nH. B. C.\n\nGarrick Club.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nAN INTERPOLATION OF THE PLAYERS: TOBACCO.\n\nI have witnessed the representation of the _Twelfth Night_ as often,\nduring the last five-and-forty years, as I have had an opportunity;\nand, in every instance, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, and the Clown, in their\nrollicking orgies, _smoke tobacco_. Now, this must be an \"interpolation\nof the players;\" for not only was tobacco unknown in Illyria, at the\nperiod of the story, but _Shakspeare does not once name tobacco in his\nworks, and, therefore_, was not likely to give a stage-direction for the\nuse of it. The great poet is freely blamed for anachronisms; it is but\nfair he should have due credit when he avoids them. The stories of his\nplays are all antecedent to his own time, therefore he never mentions\neither the _drinking of tobacco_, or the tumultuous scenes of the\n_ordinary_ which belonged to it, and which are so constantly met with in\nhis cotemporary dramatists. I see there is a note in my commonplace-book,\nafter some remarks upon Green's _Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay_, \"that\nthis play, though written by a pedant, and a Master of Arts, contains\nmore anachronisms than any one play of Shakspeare's.\"\n\nCan any of your correspondents learned in stage traditions say when this\n\"smoking interpolation\" was first made?\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBut, Sir, I think I shall surprise some of your readers by pointing out\nanother instance of the absence of tobacco or smoking. In the _Arabian\nNight's Entertainments_, which are said to be such faithful pictures of\noriental manners, there is no mention of the pipe. Neither is coffee to\nbe met with in those tales, so delightful to all ages. We with difficulty\nimagine an oriental without his _chibauk_; and yet it is certain they\nknew nothing of this luxury before the sixteenth century. At present,\nsuch is the almost imperious necessity felt by the Turk for smoking\nand coffee, that as soon as the gun announces the setting of the sun,\nduring the fast of the Ramada, before he thinks of satisfying his craving\nstomach with any solid food, he takes his cup of coffee and lights his\npipe.--As I think it dishonest to deck ourselves with knowledge that is\nnot self-acquired, I confess to the having but just read this \"note\"\nin the last number of the _Revue des Deux Mondes_, in a fine work upon\nAmerica by the celebrated savant, M. Amp\u00e8re.\n\nW. ROBSON.\n\nStockwell.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Curious Epitaph._--In the _Diary of Thomas Moore_, Charles Lamb is said\nat a certain dinner party to have \"quoted an epitaph by Clio Rickman, in\nwhich, after several lines in the usual jog-trot style of epitaph, he\ncontinued thus:\n\n    'He well perform'd the husband's, father's part,\n    And knew immortal Hudibras by heart.'\"\n\nThere is an epitaph in the churchyard of Newhaven, Sussex, in which\nthe last of these two lines occurs, but which does not answer in other\nrespects to the character of the one quoted by Lamb. On the contrary,\nit is altogether eminently quaint, peculiar, and consistent. The stone\nis to the memory of Thomas Tipper, who departed this life May the 14th,\n1785, aged fifty-four years; and the upper part is embellished with a\nrepresentation, in bas-relief, of the drawbridge which crosses the river,\nwhence it might be inferred that the comprehensive genius of Mr. Tipper\nincluded engineering and architecture. The epitaph runs thus:\n\n    \"Reader, with kind regard this grave survey,\n    Nor heedless pass where Tipper's ashes lay.\n    Honest he was, ingenuous, blunt and kind,\n    And dared do what few dare do--speak his mind.\n    Philosophy and History well he knew,\n    Was versed in Physick and in Surgery too:\n    The best old Stingo he both brew'd and sold,\n    Nor did one knavish act to get his gold.\n    He play'd through life a varied comic part,\n    And knew immortal Hudibras by heart.\n    Reader, in real truth this was the man:\n    Be better, wiser, laugh more if you can.\"\n\nIs there any reason for supposing this epitaph to have been written by\nClio Rickman; and is anything known of Mr. Tipper beyond the biography of\nhis tombstone?\n\nG. J. DE WILDE.\n\n_Enigmatical Epitaph._--I offer for solution an enigma, copied from a\ntomb in the churchyard of Christchurch in Hampshire:\n\n    \"WE WERE NOT SLAYNE BUT RAYSD;\n    RAYSD NOT TO LIFE,\n    BVT TO BE BVRIED TWICE\n    BY MEN OF STRIFE.\n    WHAT REST COVLD \u1d40\u1d34 LIVING HAVE,\n    WHEN DEAD HAD NONE?\n    AGREE AMONGST YOV,\n    HERE WE TEN ARE ONE.\n    HEN. ROGERS DIED APRIL 17, 1641.\n\n    I. R.\"\n\nThe popular legend is, that the ten men perished by the falling in of a\ngravel-pit, and that their remains were buried together. This, however,\nwill not account for the \"men of strife.\"\n\nIs it not probable that, in the time of the civil wars, the bodies might\nhave been disinterred for the sake of the leaden coffins, and then\ndeposited in their present resting-place?\n\n{148}\n\nThe tomb may have been erected some time afterwards by \"I. R.,\" probably\na relative of the \"Henry Rogers,\" the date of whose death is commemorated.\n\nT. J.\n\nBath.\n\n_Books worthy to be reprinted_ (Vol. vii., pp. 153. 203.).--In addition\nto those previously mentioned in \"N. & Q.,\" there is one for which a\ncrying necessity exists for a new edition, namely, _The Complaynt of\nScotland_. It is often advertised and otherwise sought for; and when\nfound, can only be had at a most extravagant price. It was originally\nwritten in 1548; and in 1801, a limited impression, edited by Dr. Leyden,\nwas published; and in 1829, \"Critiques upon it by David Herd, and others,\nwith observations in answer by Dr. Leyden,\" to the number of seventy\ncopies. _The Complaynt of Scotland_ and _Sir Tristrem_, an edition of\nwhich was edited by Sir Walter Scott, and published in 1804, are two of\nthe oldest works of which the literature of Scotland can boast.\n\nINVERNESS.\n\n_Napoleon's Thunderstorm._--The passage of the Niemen by the French army,\nand its consequent entry on Russian territory, may be said to have been\nNapoleon's first step towards defeat and ruin. A terrible thunderstorm\noccurred on that occasion, according to M. S\u00e9gur's account of the Russian\ncampaign.\n\nWhen Napoleon commenced the retreat, by which he yielded all the\ncountry beyond the Elbe (and which, therefore, may be reckoned a second\nstep towards his downfall), it was accompanied by a thunderstorm more\nremarkable from occurring at such a season. Odelben says:\n\n    \"C'\u00e9tait un phenom\u00e8ne bien extraordinaire dans un pareil\n    saison, et avec le froid qu'on venait d'\u00e9prouver,\"\n    &c.--Odelben, _Camp. de 1813_, vol. i. p. 289.\n\nThe first step towards his second downfall, or third towards complete\nruin, was his advance upon the British force at Quatre-Bras, June 17,\n1815. This also was accompanied by an awful thunderstorm, which (although\ngathering all the forenoon) commenced at the very moment he made his\nattack on the British rear-guard (about two p. m.), when the first gun\nfired was instantaneously responded to by a tremendous peal of thunder.\n\nThunder, to Wellington, was the precursor of victory and triumph. Witness\nthe above-mentioned introduction to the victory of Waterloo; the terrible\nthunder, that scattered the horses of the dragoons, the eve of Salamanca;\nalso, the night preceding Sabugal. And perhaps some of the Duke's old\ncompanions in arms may be able to add to the category.\n\nA. C. M.\n\nExeter.\n\n_Istamboul--Constantinople._--Mr. (afterwards Sir George) Wheler, who\ntook holy orders and became rector of Houghton-le-Spring in the diocese\nof Durham, makes the following remarks in his _Journey into Greece, &c._\n(fol., Lond. 1682), p. 178.:\n\n    \"Constantinople is now vulgarly called _Stambol_ by the Turks;\n    but by the Greeks more often _Istampoli_, which must needs be\n    a corruption from the Greek ... either from Constantinopolis,\n    which in process of time might be corrupted into _Stanpolis_\n    or _Istanpoli_; or rather, from it being called \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4'\n    \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf. For the Turks, hearing the Greeks express their going\n    to Constantinople by \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd, which they pronounce\n    Is-tin-polin, and often for brevity's sake Stinpoli, might\n    soon ignorantly call it _Istanpoli_ or _Stambol_, according as\n    either of them came into vogue first. And therefore I think\n    theirs is a groundless fancy who fetch it from the Turkish word\n    _Istamboal_, which signifies a city full of or abounding in the\n    true faith, the name being so apparently of Greek original.\"\n\nW. S. G.\n\nNewcastle-on-Tyne.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\nQueries.\n\n\nSTRUT-STOWERS, AND YEATHERS OR YADDERS.\n\nIn the Collection of divers curious Historical Pieces printed by the Rev.\nFrancis Peck at the end of his _Memoirs of Oliver Cromwell_, is--\n\n    \"Some account of the Murder of the Hermit of Eskdale-side,\n    near Whitby, in Com. Ebor. by William de Bruce (Lord of Ugle\n    Barnby), Ralph de Peircy (Lord of Snealon), and one Allatson, a\n    Gent., and of the remarkable penance which the Hermit enjoyned\n    them before he died.\"\n\nThe story is briefly this:--On the 16th October, 15 Henry II., De Bruce,\nDe Peircy, and Allatson were hunting the wild boar in Eskdale-side, where\nwas a chapel and hermitage, in which lived a monk of Whitby, who was a\nhermit. The boar being hotly pursued by the dogs, ran into the chapel and\nthere laid down and died. The hermit shut the door on the hounds, who\nstood at bay without. The three gentlemen coming up, flew into a great\nfury, and ran with their boar-staves at the hermit and so wounded him\nthat he ultimately died. The three gentlemen, fearing his death, took\nsanctuary at Scarborough, but the Abbot of Whitby being in great favour\nwith the king, removed them out of sanctuary, whereby they became liable\nto the law. The dying hermit (he survived till the 8th December), on the\nabbot's proposing to put them to death, suggested the following penance,\nto which, in order to save their lives and goods, they consented, and to\nwhich the abbot likewise agreed:\n\n    \"You and yours shall hold your lands of the Abbat of Whitby and\n    his successors after this manner, viz. upon the eve [or morrow\n    before] Ascension Day, you, or some of you, shall come to the\n    wood of Stray-Head, which is in Eskdale-side, by sun-rising,\n    and there shall {149} the officer of the abbat blow his horn,\n    that ye may know how to find him. And he shall deliver to you,\n    William de Bruce, ten stakes, eleven strut-stowers, and eleven\n    yeathers, to be cut by you, and those that come for you, with\n    a knife of a penny price. And you Ralph de Peircy, shall take\n    one and twenty of each sort, to be cut in the same manner.\n    And you, Allatson, shall take nine of each sort, to be cut as\n    aforesaid. And then ye shall take them on your backs, and carry\n    them to the town of Whitby, and take care to be there before\n    nine of the clock, and at the same hour, if it be a full sea,\n    to cease your service. But, if it be low water at nine of the\n    clock, then each of you shall, the same hour, set your stakes\n    at the edge of the water, each stake a yard from the other,\n    and so yeather them with your yeathers, and stake them on each\n    side with your strut-stowers, that they may stand three tides,\n    without removing by the force of the water. And each of you\n    shall really do, perform, and execute this service yearly at\n    the hour appointed, except it be a full sea, when this service\n    shall cease; in remembrance that ye did most cruelly slay me.\n    And that ye may the more seriously and fervently call upon God\n    for mercy, and repent unfeignedly of your sins, and do good\n    works, the officer of Eskdale-side shall blow, Out on you! Out\n    on you! Out on you! for this heinous crime of yours. And if you\n    or yours shall refuse this service at the aforesaid hour, when\n    it shall not be a full sea, then you shall forfeit all your\n    lands to the Abbat of Whitby and his successors.\"\n\nThere is a similar account, with verbal and other variations, \"From a\nprinted copy published at Whitby a few years ago,\" in Blount's _Jocular\nTenures_, by Beckwith, pp. 557-560. In that account the word, which in\nMr. Peck's account is \"yeathers,\" is \"yadders.\" Mr. Beckwith states,\n\"This service is still annually performed.\"\n\nSir Walter Scott (_Marmion_, Canto II. st. 13.) thus alludes to the\nlegend:\n\n    \"Then Whitby's nuns exulting told,\n    How to their house three Barons bold\n      Must menial service do;\n    While horns blow out a note of shame,\n    And monks cry 'Fye upon your name!\n    In wrath, for loss of silvan game,\n      Saint Hilda's priest ye slew.'--\n    'This on Ascension Day, each year,\n    While labouring on our harbour pier,\n    Must Herbert, Bruce, and Percy hear.'\"\n\nIn note 2. C. the popular account printed and circulated at Whitby\nis given. It is substantially the same with that given by Beckwith,\nbut for \"strut-stowers\" we have \"strout-stowers;\" and for \"yadders\"\nwe have \"yethers.\" It appears, also, that the service was not at that\ntime performed by the proprietors in person; and that part of the lands\ncharged therewith were then held by a gentleman of the name of Herbert.\n\nI shall be glad if any of your correspondents will elucidate the terms\nstrut-stowers, and yeathers or yadders.\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Archbishop Parker's Correspondence._--I am now engaged in carrying out\na design which has been long entertained by the Parker Society, that\nof publishing the Correspondence of the distinguished prelate whose\nname that Society bears. If any of your readers can favour me with\nreferences to any letters of the archbishop, either unpublished, or\npublished in works but little known, I shall feel extremely obliged. I\nadd my own address, in order that I may not encumber your pages with\nmere references. Any information beyond a reference will probably be as\ninteresting to your readers generally as to myself.\n\nJOHN BRUCE.\n\n5. Upper Gloucester Street, Dorset Square.\n\n_Amor Nummi._--Can any of your correspondents inform me as to the\nauthorship of the following verses?\n\n    _Amor Nummi._\n\n    \"'The love of money is the root of evil,\n    Sending the folks in cart-loads to the devil.'\n    So says an ancient proverb, as we're told,\n    And spoke the truth, we [no?] doubt, in days of old.\n    But now, thanks to our good friend, BILLY PITT,\n    This wholesome golden adage will not sit [fit?];\n    On English ground the vice dissolves in vapour,\n    Being at best only a love--of paper.\"\n\nIt must have appeared in an English ministerial paper about the year\n1805.--From the _Navorscher_.\n\nDIONYSIOS.\n\n_The Number Nine._--Can any of your mathematical correspondents inform me\nof the law and reason of the following singular property of the numbers?\nIf from any number above nine the same number be subtracted written\nbackwards, the addition of the figures of the remainder will always be a\nmultiple of nine; for instance--\n\n    972619\n    916279\n    ------\n     56340 the sum of which is 18, or 9 \u00d7 2.\n    ======\n\n    925012\n    210529\n    ------\n    714483 the sum of which is 27, or 9 \u00d7 3.\n    ======\n\n        83\n        38\n        --\n        45 the sum of which is 9.\n        ==\n\nJOHN LAMMENS.\n\n_Position of Font._--The usual and very significant position of the\nfont is near the church door. But there is one objection to this, viz.\nthat the benches being best arranged facing the chancel, the people\ncannot without much confusion see the baptisms. This being so, perhaps\na better place {150} for the font is at the entrance of the chancel.\nThe holy rite, so edifying to the congregation, as well as profitable\nto the recipient, can then be duly seen; and the position is tolerably\nsymbolical, expressing as it were \"the way that is opened for us into the\nholiest of all.\" I am curious to know if there are any ancient examples\nof this position, and how far the canon sanctions it, which directs that\nthe font be set up in \"the ancient usual _places_\" [plural]? While on\nthe subject let me put another Query. The Rubric directs that the font\nbe \"then,\" _i. e._ just before the baptism, filled with pure water. In\nwhat vessel is the water brought, and who fills the font? What are the\nprecedents in this matter? Rules, I think, there are none.\n\nA. A. D.\n\n_Aix Ruochim or Romans Ioner._--On the verge of the cliff at Kingsgate,\nnear the North Foreland, is a small castle or fort of chalk and flint,\nknown by the above name. Can any of your readers give any information\nregarding the date of the erection of this curious edifice? Some of the\nlocal guidebooks attribute it to the time of Vortigern, or about 448; but\nthis seems an almost fabulous antiquity.\n\nA. O. H.\n\nBlackheath.\n\n_\"Lessons for Lent,\" &c._--_Lessons for Lent, or Instructions on the Two\nSacraments of Penance and the B. Eucharist_, printed in the year 1718.\nWho was the author?\n\nH.\n\n_\"La Branche des r\u00e9aus Lignages.\"_--Have any of your correspondents met\nwith a romance, of which I have a MS. copy, entitled \"La Branche des\nr\u00e9aus Lignages?\" The MS. I possess is evidently a modern copy, and begins\nthus:\n\n    \"Et tens de celi mandement\n    Duquel j'ai fait ramembrement\n    Et qu'aucun homme d'avis oit\n    Jehan, qui Henaut justisoit\n    Guerr\u00e9oit et grevoit yglises\n    En la garde le roi commises\n    Ne ... li vouloit faire hommage.\"\n\nThe poem is divided by numbers, probably referring to the pages of the\noriginal: beginning with 1292, and ending with 1307. It is also evident,\nfrom the first verses themselves, that I have only a fragment before\nme.--From the _Navorscher_.\n\nGANSKE.\n\n_Marriage Service._--Are there any parishes in which the custom of\npresenting the fee, together with the ring, in the marriage service, as\nordered by the rubric, is observed?\n\nE. W.\n\n_\"Czar\" or \"Tsar.\"_--Whence the derivation of the title _Czar_ or _Tsar_?\nI know that some suppose it to be derived from C\u00e6sar, while others trace\nit from the terminal _-sar_ or _-zar_ in the names of the kings of\nBabylon and Assyria: as Phalas-_sar_, Nebuchadnez-_zar_, &c. In Persian,\n_sar_ means the supreme power. I have heard much argument about its\norigin, and would be much obliged if any reader of \"N. & Q.\" could state\nthe correct derivation of the word.\n\nBy which Emperor of Russia was the title first assumed?\n\nJ. S. A.\n\nOld Broad Street.\n\n_Little Silver._--There are several places in Devonshire so called,\nvillages or hamlets. It is said, they are alway situated in the immediate\nneighbourhood of a Roman, or some other ancient camp. Hence, some people\nsuppose the name is given to these localities from the number of silver\ncoins frequently found there.\n\nWill any of your correspondents throw light on this subject?\n\nAs every one knows, there is also a Silverton in Devonshire--Silver-town\n_par excellence_. Is it in any way connected with the \"Little Silvers?\"\n\nA. C. M.\n\nExeter.\n\n_On \u00c6sop's (?) Fable of washing the Blackamoor._--Is it possible the\nwell-known fable was a real occurrence? The following extract would seem\nto allude to an analogous fact:\n\n    \"Counting the labour as endlesse as the maids in the Strand,\n    which endeavoured by washing the Black-a-more to make him\n    white.\"--_Case of Sir Ignoramus of Cambridge_, 1648, p. 23.\n\nR. C. WARDE.\n\nKidderminster.\n\n_Wedding Proverb._--Is the following distich known in any part of\nEngland?--\n\n    \"To change the name, but not the letter,\n    Is to marry for worse, and not for better.\"\n\nI met with it in an American book, but it was probably an importation.\n\nSPINSTER.\n\n_German Phrase._--What is the origin of a sarcastic German phrase often\nused?\n\n    \"Er erwartet dass der Himmel voll Bassgeigen l\u00e4ngt.\"\n\nL. M. M. R.\n\n_German Heraldry._--Where can I refer to a book in which the armorial\nbearings of all the principal German families are engraved?\n\nSPERIEND.\n\n_Leman Family._--About the middle of the seventeenth century, say 1650 to\n1670, two gentlemen left England for America, who are supposed to have\nbeen brothers or near relatives of Sir John Leman, who was Lord Mayor\nof London in 1616. Traditions, which have been preserved in manuscript,\nand which can be traced back over one {151} hundred years, tell of a\ncorrespondence which took place between the said Sir John and the widow\nof one of the brothers, in relation to her returning to England.\n\nThe writer of this (a descendant of one of these gentlemen) is anxious to\nlearn _the names of the brothers and near relatives of this Sir John_;\nand whether any evidence exists of their leaving England for America,\n&c., &c.; and would feel much indebted to any one who would supply the\ninformation through your paper.\n\nR. W. L.\n\nPhiladelphia.\n\n_A Cob-wall._--Why do the inhabitants of Devonshire call a wall made of\ntempered earth, straw, and small pebbles mixed together, a _cob-wall_?\nWalls so constructed require a foundation of stone or bricks, which is\ncommonly continued to the height of about two feet from the surface of\nthe ground. Has the term _cob_ reference to the fact that such a wall is\na superstructure on the foundation of stone or brick?\n\nA. B. C.\n\n_Inscription near Chalcedon._--In 1675, when Sir Geo. Wheler and his\ntravelling companion visited Chalcedon (as recorded in his _Voyage from\nVenice to Constantinople_, fol., Lond. 1682, p. 209.), it was famous only\nfor the memory of the great council held there in A.D. 327, the twentieth\nof the reign of Constantine the Great:\n\n    \"The first thing we did (he says) was to visit the metropolitan\n    church, where they say it was kept; but M. Nanteuil assured us\n    that it was a mile from thence, and that he had there read an\n    inscription that mentioneth it. Besides, it is a small obscure\n    building, incapable to contain such an assembly.\"\n\nHas the inscription here spoken of been noticed by any traveller, and\ncan any of your readers refer to a copy of it; and say whether it is\ncotemporary, and whether it has been more recently noticed?\n\nW. S. G.\n\nNewcastle-on-Tyne.\n\n_Domesday Book._--What does the abbreviation gl\u0111, or gel\u0111, applied to\nterra, signify? Also, in the description of places, there is frequently a\ncapital letter, B., or M., or S. before it, as in one case, _e. g._ \"B.\nterr. gl\u0111 wasta.\" Can any one inform me what it signifies?\n\nIn the case of many parishes, it is stated that there was a church there:\nis it considered _conclusive_ authority that there was not one, if it is\nnot mentioned in _Domesday Book_?\n\nA. W. H.\n\n_Dotinchem._--What modern town in Holland, or elsewhere, bore or bears\nthe name of Dotinchem, at which is dated a MS. missal I have inspected,\nwritten in the fifteenth century? The reason for believing the place to\nbe Dutch is, that the Calendar marks the days of the principal saints of\nHolland with red letters. There are other indications in the Calendar of\nthe missal having been written in and for the use of a community situated\nwhere the influence of Cologne, Li\u00e8ge, Maestricht, and Daventer would\nhave been felt.\n\nPerhaps, should the above Query not be answered in England, some\ncorrespondent of your Dutch cotemporary the _Navorscher_ may have the\ngoodness to reply to it.\n\nG. J. R. GORDON.\n\nSidmouth.\n\n_\"Mirrour to all,\" &c._--Can you refer me to any possessor of the\npoetical work entitled a _Mirrour to all who love to follow the Wars_\n(_or Waves_), 4to.: London, printed by John Wolfe, 1589? A copy was sold\nby Mr. Rodd for six guineas. (See his Catalogue for 1846.)\n\nH. DELTA.\n\nOxford.\n\n_Title wanted._--I have a copy of the _Pugna Porcorum_, the margin of\nwhich is covered with illustrative and parallel passages, among which is\nthe following:\n\n                                          \"Heros\n    Ad magnum se accingit opus ferrumque bifurcum\n    Cote acuit, pinguique perungit acumina lardo;\n    Deinde suis, vasto consurgens corpore, rostrum\n    Perforat et furcam capulo tenus urget, at illa\n    Prominuit rostro summisque in naribus h\u00e6sit.\"\n\n                               \u03a7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3. 182.\n\nI shall be much obliged to any one who will give me the full title to the\nbook from which this is quoted, and any account of it.\n\nG. H. W.\n\n_Portrait of Charles I.--Countess Du Barry._--In Bachaumont's _M\u00e9moires\nSecrets, &c._, I read the following passage under date of March 25, 1771:\n\n    \"L'imp\u00e9ratrice des Russies a fait enlever tout le cabinet de\n    tableaux de M. le Comte de Thiers, amateur distingu\u00e9, qui avait\n    une tr\u00e8s-belle collection en ce genre. M. de Marigny a eu la\n    douleur de voir passer ces richesses chez l'\u00e9tranger, faute de\n    fonds pour les acqu\u00e9rir pour le compte du roi.\n\n    \"On distinguait parmi ces tableaux un portrait en pied de\n    Charles I., roi d'Angleterre, original de Vandyk. C'est le\n    seul qui soit rest\u00e9 en France. Madame la Comtesse Dubarri,\n    qui d\u00e9ploie de plus en plus son go\u00fbt pour les arts, a ordonn\u00e9\n    de l'acheter: elle l'a pay\u00e9 24,000 livres. Et sur le reproche\n    qu'on lui faisait de choisir un pareil morceau entre tant\n    d'autres qui auraient d\u00fb lui mieux convenir, elle a r\u00e9pondu que\n    c'\u00e9tait un portrait de famille qu'elle retirait. En effet, les\n    Dubarri se pr\u00e9tendent parents de la Maison des Stuards.\"\n\nCan you give me any account of this portrait of King Charles by Vandyk,\nfor which the Countess Du Barry paid the sum of 1000_l._ sterling?\n\nWhat grounds are there for the allegation, that the Countess was related\nto the royal House of Stuart?\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{152}\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_\"Preparation for Martyrdom.\"_--Can any of your correspondents discover\nfor me the author of the following work?--\n\n    \"A Preparation for Martyrdom; a Discourse about the Cause,\n    the Temper, the Assistances, and Rewards of a Martyr of Jesus\n    Christ: in Dialogue betwixt a Minister and a Gentleman his\n    Parishioner. Lond. 1681, 4to.\"\n\nIn order to afford somewhat of a clue to this discovery, I send a few\nextracts from another anonymous work: _A Letter to the late Author of\nthe_ \"_Preparation for Martyrdom_,\" alluding to various circumstances\nrelating to the author:\n\n    \"I must confess that I had once as great a veneration for\n    you as for any one [of] your figure in the church; but then\n    you preach'd honestly, and liv'd peaceably; but since pride\n    or ambitious discontent, or some particular respects to some\n    special friends of the adverse party, or something I know not\n    what else, has thrust you upon scribbling, and a design of\n    being popular; since you had forsaken your first love (if ever\n    you had any) to our church and establishment, and appear to\n    be running over _ad partem Donati_, to the disturbers of our\n    church and peace, you must needs pardon this short reflection,\n    though from an old friend, and sometimes a great admirer of you.\n\n    \"As for the present establishment, you have (you conclude)\n    as much already from that as you are likely to have, but you\n    claw the democratical party, hoping at long run to see an\n    (_English_) Parliament; that is, we must know, one that has\n    no _French_ pensioners shuffled into it to blast the whole\n    business, such as will be govern'd by your instructions; and\n    then Presbytery (you trust) will be turn'd up Trump, the\n    Directory once more take place of the Liturgy, and God knows\n    what become of the Monarchy, and Mr. C. be made a great man.\n\n    \"What an excellent design was that of your Stipulation, which\n    I heard one say was like a new modell'd Independency. 'Twas\n    intended, I suppose, as an expedient to reduce the sheep\n    of your own flock, which through your default chiefly (as\n    is commonly reported) were gone astray; but because this\n    tool could not work, without the force of a law to move it,\n    therefore by law it must have been establisht, and the whole\n    nation forsooth comprehended under it, and all must have set\n    their instruments to your key, and their voices to the tune of\n    _B--ley_. Oh! had this engine but met with firm footings in\n    Parliament, as was hoped, our _English_ world had been lifted\n    off its pillars long before this day; it had gone round, and in\n    the church all old things had been done away, and everything\n    had appeared new. But, Sir, I trust the foundations of our\n    church stand more sure than to need such silly props as your\n    _Catholicon_ (as you vainly call it) to support 'em.\n\n    \"What an excellent thing too is your book of Patronage? 'Twere\n    no living for _Simon Magus_, or any of his disciples here, if\n    those rules you there lay down were but duly attended to.\n\n    \"But in those two books you showed yourself pragmatical\n    only; but in this of _Martyrdom_ not a little impious, in\n    your unworthy reflections upon almost all the honest people\n    of England since the beginning of the reign of _Oliver_ the\n    First, and some time before; not sparing many loyal worthies'\n    memory who held up a good cause upon their sword points (as you\n    express it) as long as they could; and when they could do so no\n    longer, either dy'd for't, or deliver'd themselves up to the\n    will of the conqueror, yet never (as you) abjur'd the cause.\n    Our rulers you suppose are ill affected (otherwise your talk\n    of Popery at your rate is like that of one that were desirous\n    and in conspiracy to bring in Popery): and, undoubtedly, it had\n    been in already, had not the prayers of Mr. C., and the fifty\n    righteous _Non-Cons_ in every city, prevented it.\"\n\n\u1f09\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c5\u03c2.\n\nDublin.\n\n[_The Preparation for Martyrdom_ is not to be found either in the\nBodleian or British Museum Catalogues. The author of the _Letter_ in\nreply to it, however, has afforded a clue to its authorship. Zachary\nCawdrey, who appears to have been an admirer of the Vicar of Bray, was\nRector of _Barthomley_ in Cheshire during the Commonwealth, and for\nfourteen years after the Restoration; this explains the hint in the\n_Letter_, of \"setting their voices to the tune of _B--ley_.\" Cawdrey,\nmoreover, was the author of _Discourse of Patronage; being a Modest\nInquiry into the Original of it, and a further Prosecution of the History\nof it_: which is also noticed in the _Letter_. Zachary Cawdrey was born\nat Melton Mowbray about 1616; at the age of sixteen he entered St. John's\nCollege, Cambridge; and in 1649 became Rector of Barthomley, where he\ndied Dec. 24, 1684. His brother David was one of the ejected, and the\nauthor of several works.]\n\n_Reference wanted._--I find, in Blackwood, No. XXXVI. p. 432., a\nreference to an article in the _Edinburgh Review_, by Sir D. K. Sandford,\non Greek banquets. As I cannot find the article itself, may I ask your\nassistance?\n\nP. J. F. GANTILLON.\n\nN. B.--In the article in Blackwood, p. 441., for \"Heges_ander_\" read\nHege_sippus_; p. 444., for \"Demg_le_\" read Demgl_us_; p. 450., for\n\"Nausi_dice_\" read Nausi_nicus_; p. 455., for \"H_es_perides\" read\nH_y_perides.\n\n[The article will be found in the _Edinburgh Review_, vol. lvi. p. 350.\nJanuary, 1833.]\n\n_Speaker of the House of Commons in 1697._--Who was the Speaker who\nsucceeded Sir John Trevor, and was Speaker of the House of Commons in\n1697?\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n[Peter Foley, Esq., succeeded Sir John Trevor, March 14, 1694. Sir Thomas\nLittleton, Bart., was chosen the next Speaker, December 3, 1698.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{153}\n\n\n\n\nReplies.\n\n\nINSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.\n\n(Vol. vii. _passim._)\n\nUnder this head the following translation of part of the inscription at\nBehistun may be classed. It is, I apprehend, the earliest of this sort of\ninscription:\n\n    \"Darius rex dicit: si hanc tabulam, hasque effigies spectas,\n    et iis injuriam facias, et quamdiu tibi proles sit non eas\n    conserves, Oromasdes hostis fiat tibi, et tibi proles non sit,\n    et quod facias id tibi Oromasdes frustretur.\"\n\nSee Rawlinson's \"Translation of the Great Persian Inscription at\nBehistun,\" par. 17. _Asiatic Society's Transactions_.\n\nThe following is an extract from Maitland's _Dark Ages_, p. 270., notes 3\nand 4:\n\n    \"Terrible imprecations were occasionally annexed by the donors\n    or possessors of books; as in a sacramentary which Mastene\n    found at St. Benoit sur Loire, and which he supposed to belong\n    to the ninth century. 'Ut si quis eum de Monasterio aliquo\n    ingenio non redditurus abstraxerit cum Juda proditore, Anna\n    et Caipha, portionem \u00e6tern\u00e6 damnationis accipiat. Amen, Amen,\n    Fiat, Fiat.'\"\n\nThere is a curious instance of this in a manuscript of some of the works\nof Augustine and Ambrose in the Bodleian Library:\n\n    \"Liber S. Mari\u00e6 de Ponte Roberti, qui eum abstulerit, aut\n    vendiderit, vel quolibet modo ab h\u00e2c domo absciderit, sit\n    anathema maranatha. Amen.\"\n\nIn another hand (alien\u00e2 manu),--\n\n    \"Ego Johannes Ex\u014dn Ep\u016bs, nescio ubi est domus predicta, nec\n    hunc librum abstuli, sed modo legitimo adquisivi.\"\n\nAlso page 283.:\n\n    \"Liber B. Mari\u00e6 de Camberone: si quis eum abstulerit, anathema\n    esto.\"\n\nIn the preface to a late publication (1853), _Fragments of the Iliad of\nHomer from a Syrian Palimpsest_, edited by William Cureton, the editor\ntells us:\n\n    \"The Palimpsest Manuscript, in which I discovered these\n    fragments of a very ancient copy of the Iliad of Homer,\n    formed a part of the library of the Syrian convent of St.\n    Mary Deipara, in the Valley of the Ascetics, or the Deserts\n    of Nigritia. On the first page of the last leaf the following\n    notice occurs: 'This volume of my Lord Severus belongs to the\n    reverend and holy my Lord Daniel, Bishop of the province of\n    Orrhoa (Edessa), who acquired it from the armour of God, when\n    he was down in the province of the city of Amida, for his own\n    benefit, and that of every one that readeth it. But under the\n    curse of God is he whosoever steals it, or hides or removes it\n    ... or tears, or erases, or cuts off this memorial from it,\n    for ever. And through our Lord Jesus Christ may he who readeth\n    it pray for the same Daniel, that he may find mercy in the day\n    of judgment! Yea, and Amen, and Amen. And upon the sinner who\n    wrote it, may there be mercy in the day of judgment! Amen. But\n    at the end of his life he bequeathed it to this sacred convent\n    of my Lord Silas, which is in Tarug (a city of Mesopotamia),\n    for the sake of the remembrance of himself and of the dead\n    belonging to him. May the Lord have mercy upon him in the day\n    of judgment! Amen. Whosoever removeth this volume from this\n    same convent, may the anger of the Lord overtake him in both\n    worlds to all eternity! Amen.'\"\n\n    ANON.\n\nIn some of Dugdale's MS. volumes in this College is the following,\nwritten by himself:\n\n    \"Maledictus sit qui abstulerit.\"\n\nTHOMAS W. KING, YORK HERALD.\n\nCollege of Arms.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE DRUMMER'S LETTER.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 431.)\n\nMr. Forbes rightly describes the Drummer's Letter in the _Sentimental\nJourney_ as \"not only correctly but elegantly written.\" There is,\nmoreover, in two or three places, a play upon words, which indicates an\nintimate acquaintance with the idiomatic turns of the language. But all\nthese circumstances are, to my mind, only so many grounds for the belief\nthat the French of the letter is not Sterne's.\n\nIf we are to judge of Sterne's French from the samples to be met with in\n_Tristram Shandy_ and the _Sentimental Journal_, there is ample evidence\nthat his knowledge of that language was somewhat superficial. I shall\ngive a few examples.\n\nYour readers are familiar with the incident in _Tristram Shandy_, where\nthe Abbess and Margarita, having occasion to make use of two very coarse\nand indecent expressions, resort to the ludicrous expedient of splitting\nthem in two, each pronouncing a separate syllable. Those words are\nscandalously common in the mouths of Frenchmen; and yet Sterne seems so\nlittle aware of the correct spelling of them, that he makes the poor nuns\ngive utterance to two words, one of which, \"bouger,\" means \"to move,\" and\nthe other, \"fouter,\" is unknown to the French language.\n\nFarther on, in chapter xxxiv., the commissary employs the expression\n\"C'est tout \u00e9gal;\" but this is merely the translation of our English\nphrase \"'Tis all one.\" The French say \"C'est \u00e9gal,\" but never \"C'est tout\n\u00e9gal.\"\n\nIn the _Sentimental Journey_, under the head of \"The Bidet,\" La Fleur is\nmade to say \"C'est _un_ cheval le plus opini\u00e2tre du monde.\" Now, the man\nwho could write the Drummer's Letter would not have applied the epithet\n\"opini\u00e2tre\" {154} to a horse; and, at any rate, he would have said\n\"C'est _le_ cheval le plus opini\u00e2tre du monde.\"\n\nIn the chapter headed \"The Passport,\" and also in another place, we have\nthe phrase \"Ces Messieurs Anglais sont des gens tr\u00e8s extraordinaires.\"\nThis should be \"Messieurs les Anglais,\" &c.\n\nAgain, under the head of \"Characters,\" Count de B. says, \"But if you do\nsupport it, _M. Anglais_, you must do it with all your powers.\" This\n\"M. Anglais\" is our \"Mr. Englishman.\" The correct expression is \"M.\nl'Anglais\"--Mr. _the_ Englishman.\n\nI might add other instances; but these, I trust, are sufficient to\nwarrant the opinion that the Drummer's Letter, in its present shape, was\nnot written by Sterne.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nOLD FOGIES.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 632.)\n\nAt the place above referred to, MR. KEIGHTLEY puts to me several Queries;\nbut being resident in the country, I had not an opportunity of seeing\nthem till the 15th instant, and it took some days to get the information\nthat would enable me to answer them.\n\nI have now obtained the most ample evidence of the existence, in the\nlatter part of the last, and the beginning of the present, centuries, of\nthe existence of a peculiar body of men called the _Fogies_, in Edinburgh\nCastle. My informants agree in describing them as old men, dressed in\nred coats with apple-green facings, and cocked hats. One says that they\nfired the Castle guns; another says that he understood them to be the\nkeepers, or, as we might say, the warders of the Castle, and that they\nwere sometimes brought into the town to assist in quelling riots; and\nthis gentleman's recollection of them goes back to 1784 at least. But the\noldest date I have been able to get is from a much respected friend, the\nretired Town Clerk of Edinburgh, who writes to me thus: \"I have a most\nvivid recollection of the _Castle Foggies_. They were an invalid company,\nand my recollection of them goes as far back at least as 1780, when I was\nat Stalker's English school in the Lawnmarket.\"\n\nTo the testimony of these still living witnesses, I have to add that of\nDr. Jamieson, who gives the word in his _Dictionary_ as one of common\nand well-known use in Scotland in his time, 1759-1808; though he may\nhave mistaken in supposing it to be exclusively Scottish. It was for his\ntestimony to this _fact_ that I referred to Dr. Jamieson's _Dictionary_,\nand not for his etymology, for I am not so much of a \"true Scot\" as\nto consider him infallible in that department. I have not leisure at\npresent to search any farther for the word in books, but in the meantime\nI presume to think the evidence I have procured of its use in Scotland,\nwill carry us nearly as far back as MR. KEIGHTLEY'S for its use in\nIreland.\n\nI cannot pretend to much acquaintance with the Swedish language, but\nI was quite well aware that that \"is what is meant by the mysterious\nSu.-G.\" I was also aware that in the kindred Teutonic tongues the word\nruns through the various forms of _vogt_, _fogat_, _phogat_, _voget_,\n_voogd_, _fogde_, _foged_, _fogeti_, with the meaning of bailiff,\nsteward, preses, watchman, guard or protector, tutor, overseer, judge,\nmayor, policeman; and I doubt not that _fogie_ belongs to the same\nfamily, though it has lost its tail. MR. KEIGHTLEY does not need to\nbe told that words frequently degenerate in meaning, falling from the\nnoblest to the basest, from the purest to the most obscene. Is there then\nanything improbable in supposing that a word once applied to the governor\nor chief keeper of a castle, came at last to be applied to all, even the\nmeanest, of his subordinates? Dr. Jamieson asserts that the word _fogde_\nin the Su.-G. has actually had that fate; can MR. KEIGHTLEY controvert\nhim?\n\nAs a proof, _quantum valeat_, that the _Castle fogies_ were so called for\nsome other reason than merely because of their being \"old folks,\" I may\nmention that there was in Edinburgh, for more than a century, another\nbody of veterans, called the Town Guard, or City Guard, maintained by the\nmagistrates as a sort of military police, or gendarmerie, and finally\ndisbanded in 1817. This corps was generally recruited from old soldiers;\nand during the period of my acquaintance with them (9\u00bd years) they were\nall aged, and some of them very old men; yet I never heard the word\n_fogies_ applied to them. On the contrary, they were always distinguished\nfrom the fogies by the elegant appellation of the \"Toon Rottens,\" or Town\nRats, as well as by their facings, which were _dark blue_. Some, indeed,\nof my younger friends, who remember the \"Rats\" very well, say they never\nheard of the \"Fogies\" at all; only one of them, who lived when a boy at\nthe Castle Hill, perhaps about forty years ago, recollects of the word\n\"fogie\" as being then applied to the soldiers of the ordinary veteran or\ngarrison battalions, with blue facings, that had superseded the fogies in\nthe keeping of the Castle; but of the veritable apple-green fogies of the\nolder establishment, he has no remembrance. As my own recollections of\nEdinburgh go back to 1808, the fogies, I presume, must have been by that\ntime extinct, for I never saw any of them, though I frequently heard them\nspoken of by those who had seen them.\n\nI may mention also that while \"fogie\" was in use, and of well understood\napplication in Scotland, {155} the phrase \"old folks,\" or, to write it\naccording to our vernacular pronunciation, \"auld fo'k,\" was also, and\ncontinues to be, in general and familiar use; but nobody in Scotland, I\ndare say, ever imagined that \"the auld fo'k\" of his ordinary acquaintance\nwere just \"old fogies,\" or had anything whatever to do with that peculiar\nclass of men, properly so called, the keepers of the royal castles. It\nis most remarkable, also, that while the corrupt derivative, as MR.\nKEIGHTLEY says \"old fogie\" is, has been almost quite forgotten among us,\nhaving disappeared with the men that bore the name of fogies, the parent\nform, as he would have \"old folks\" or \"auld fo'k\" to be, should remain\nin full vigour and common use, as part of our living speech. In a word,\nfrom all I can learn it would appear that the word \"fogie,\" in its most\ngeneral acceptation, means by itself, without the \"old,\" an old soldier;\nand that \"old fogie\" is only a tautological form, arising from ignorance\nof its meaning. Be its origin, however, what it may, I have no hesitation\nnow in expressing my conviction that MR. KEIGHTLEY'S etymology of the\nword is utterly groundless.\n\nJ. L.\n\nCity Chambers, Edinburgh.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nDESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 628.)\n\nAll persons will, I think, agree with MR. WARDEN in his very just\ncomplaint of the carelessness with which many of the English Peerages\nare compiled. It would be a task, little short of a new compilation, to\ncorrect the errors and inaccuracies with which many of these productions\nabound, the less pardonable now, because of the facilities afforded\nfor consulting the Public Records, should even our older genealogists,\nwithout such aids, be in some degree excused; but as MR. WARDEN invites,\nby a personal appeal, the rectification of a chronological error which\nhas crept into all the Peerages, founded upon the authority of Dugdale,\nrespecting the period of the death of Thomas, sixth Lord Fauconberge, I\nam induced to send you a few Notes, which a recent examination of the\nRecords in the Tower of London has supplied.\n\nWhen the facts are made patent, there will be no need to dwell upon\nthe inconsistencies pointed out by MR. WARDEN, and the alleged\nincompatibility in regard to age for an union between two persons of\nsome note in family history, the son of the first Earl of Westmoreland\nand his Countess Joan and the daughter and heir of the Lord Fauconberge,\nwho formed an alliance from which the co-heirs are, it is believed,\nrepresented at this day.\n\nThe birth of William Nevill, Lord Fauconberge, afterwards created Earl of\nKent, second son of a marriage which took place early in, or just before,\nthe year 1397, may be assigned to in or about the year 1400; and we shall\npresently see that his future wife was born on the 18th of October, 1406,\nand married to him before the 1st of May, 1422.\n\nWalter, fifth Lord Fauconberge, died on the 29th of September, 1362\n(Esc. 36 Edw. III., 1st part, No. 77.), leaving a son Thomas (issue of\nhis first marriage with Matilda, sister and co-heir of Sir William de\nPateshull, Kt., Esc. 33 Edw. III., 1st part, No. 40., and _Rot. Orig._,\n34 Edw. III., Ro. 2.), then a minor, under eighteen years of age.\n\nThomas, who was born circa 1345, was already in 1362 married to his\nfirst wife Constancia, by whom he does not appear to have left any issue\nsurviving. His was rather an eventful life; some incidents not noticed by\nDugdale will be briefly cited. On the 10th of August, 1372, being then a\nknight or chivaler, he had letters of protection on going abroad in the\nking's service, in the company of Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick\n(_Rot. Franc._, 46 Edw. III.). Here it seems he forgot his allegiance,\nand having gone over to the French side was branded \"tanquam proditor\ndomini Regis Angli\u00e6\" (Esc. 5 Ric. II., No. 67., 6 Ric. II., No. 180.,\nand 11 Ric. II., No. 59.). Can this have been the origin of the error\nin assigning his death to the year 1376? He was, however, yet living\nin 1401, as in that year he succeeded to the reversion of the estates\nwhich his step-mother Isabella (a sister of Sir John Bygot, Chivaler),\nthe widow of Walter Lord Fauconberge, held in dower (Esc. 2 Hen. IV.,\nNo. 47.). Not long after this, and apparently a few years only before\nhis death, and when somewhat advanced in years, he married a second\ntime. I have not been able to ascertain to what family his wife Joan, or\nJohanna, belonged, but she survived her husband only a short time. About\nthe period of his marriage, too (9th August, 1405), an occurrence of\nsome importance to his descendants is recorded, namely, a grant by the\nking to Sir Thomas Bromflete and Sir Robert Hilton, of the custody and\ngovernance of all his estates in England, which had come into the king's\nhands \"ratione ideoci\u00e6 Thom\u00e6 Fauconberge, Chivaler,\" to hold during the\nlife of the said Thomas. This grant, however, was in the following year,\non 24th December, 1406, revoked and annulled, because the said Thomas\nhad proved before the king and his council in Chancery, \"quod ipse san\u00e6\ndiscretionis hactenus fuerit et ad tunc existat,\" and he was thereupon\nre-admitted to his estates which had descended to him \"jure h\u00e6reditario\npost mortem Walteri Fauconberge patris sui, cujus h\u00e6res ipse est\" (_Rot.\nPat._, p. 1., 8 Hen. IV., m. 16.). He had only a few months before (15th\nFebruary, 1406) obtained from the king livery of an estate which had come\nto him in {156} 1375 as one of the co-heirs, on his mother's side, of\nhis grandmother Mabilia, a sister of Otho de Graunson, upon the death\nwithout issue of Thomas de Graunson, son of the said Otho. (_Rot. Pat._,\np. 1., 7 Hen. IV., m. 6.)\n\nWas there in fact any real ground for the suggestion of Lord\nFauconberge's idiocy? This is one of the gravest imputations that can\nbe cast upon a family, and it is a most unpardonable presumption to\nmake it lightly and without justice; but it is somewhat singular that\nnearly fifty years afterwards, his only daughter and heir, born at the\nvery period when this charge was being refuted, and when he himself was\nupwards of sixty years of age, became the subject of a commission issued\nto inquire of her alleged imbecility and idiocy. The commissioners sat at\nGisburn in Cleveland in the county of York, on the 28th of March, 1463,\nand it was then found by the inquest that \"Johanna Fauconberge nuper\ncomitissa de Kent, fatua et ydeota est, et a nativitate sua semper fuit,\nita quod se terras et tenementa sua neque alia bona sua regere scit, aut\naliquo tempore scivit:\" the jury also returned that she had not alienated\nany lands or tenements since the death of William, late Earl of Kent,\nher late husband. That Joan, the wife of Sir Edward Bethom, Kt., thirty\nyears old and upwards, Elizabeth, the wife of Richard Strangeways, Esq.,\ntwenty-eight years old and upwards, and Alice, wife of John Conyers,\nEsq., twenty-six years old and upwards, were the daughters and heirs,\nas well of the said William the late earl, as of the said Joan the late\ncountess. (Esc. 3 Edw. IV., No. 33.)\n\nThomas Lord Fauconberge died on the 9th of September, 1407, leaving the\nabove-mentioned Joan, or Johanna, his daughter and heir, an infant of one\nyear old. (Esc. 9 Hen. IV., No. 19.; see also Esc. 9 Hen. V., No. 42.)\nHis widow Joan had assignment of dower after her husband's death on 20th\nOctober, 1408, and she herself died in the following year, on the 4th of\nMarch, 1409. (Esc. 10 Hen. IV., No. 15.) A later inquisition, however,\ntaken on 1st of April, 1422 (Esc. 10 Hen. V., No. 22\u1d43.), states that the\nsaid Joan, widow of Sir Thomas Fauconberge, Chivaler, died on the 23rd of\nJune, 1411. The first date is most probably the correct one, as a fact\nwould be more likely to be accurately stated by a jury impanneled a few\nmonths only after the event recorded, than by an inquest taken after an\ninterval of twelve or thirteen years.\n\nOn the formal proof of age (Esc. 10 Hen. V., No. 22\u1d47.) of Joan\nFauconberge, daughter and heir of Thomas Lord Fauconberge and Joan his\nwife, taken at Northallerton, in the county of York, on the 1st of May,\n10 Henry V., 1422, she was described as the wife of William Neville. She\nappears to have been born at Skelton in the said county, and baptized\nin the church there on the feast of Saint Luke the Evangelist (18th of\nOctober), 1406; and on the same feast in 1421, being the 9th of Henry V.,\nshe had accomplished her fifteenth year. Dugdale (tom. ii. p. 4.) has\nfallen into a singular mistake in alluding to this event, not to speak of\nthe obvious inconsistency which those writers who follow his account have\nintroduced in assigning the year of Lord Fauconberge's decease to 1372,\nthus making the daughter's birth to have occurred more than thirty years\nafter her father's death. It is this:--One of the witnesses, who speaks\nto the period of the baptism of Joan, was named _Thomas_ Blawefrount the\nelder, fifty years of age and upwards, and the reason assigned by him for\nhis remembrance of the event is as follows: \"Et hoc scit eo quod Isabella\nfilia pr\u00e6dicti Thom\u00e6 desponsata fuit cuidam Johanni Wilton, et idem\nThomas fuit ad sponsalia eodem die quo pr\u00e6fata Johanna baptizata fuit,\npropter quod bene recolit quod pr\u00e6fata Johanna fuit \u00e6tatis pr\u00e6dict\u00e6.\"\nDugdale has by a strange oversight made the Isabella here described to be\nthe daughter of Thomas Fauconberge, and sister of Joan, instead of the\nwitness' own daughter.\n\nIt is not quite evident, from the language of the document which records\nthe imbecility of the Countess of Kent in March 1463, whether she was\nthen actually dead. It appears, however, clear that she survived her\nhusband, who lived but a few months to enjoy his newly acquired dignity.\n\nThe account given by Dugdale of John, son of Thomas Lord Fauconberge,\nis scarcely intelligible. He says this lord \"left issue John, his son\nand heir,\" and subsequently adds, \"which John died without issue in the\nlifetime of his father.\"\n\nLord Fauconberge may have had a son by his former wife, but I have\nseen nothing to confirm this supposition. By an inquisition taken\nafter the death of Sir Walter Fauconberge, Chivaler, at Bedford, on\nthe 18th of November, 1415, it was found that Joan, widow of one Sir\nJohn Fauconberge, Chivaler, deceased, whom Thomas Brounflete, junior,\nafterwards married, was then living, and that she granted to the said Sir\nWalter all the estate which she had in certain rents payable by Matilda\nWake, formerly the wife of Sir Thomas Wake, Chivaler; that the said Sir\nWalter died on the 1st of September, 1415, but the jurors knew not who\nwas his heir. (Esc. 3 Hen. V., No. 15.) Dugdale (vol. ii. p. 234.) cites\na feoffment dated 9 Hen. IV., 1407-8, which shows that Thomas Brounflete,\nEsq., was then married to the said Joan, and consequently that Sir John\nFauconberge was dead at that time.\n\nI must close this, for I fear I have now exceeded the limits which your\nvaluable paper may, with justice to others, spare to subjects of this\nnature.\n\nWILLIAM HARDY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{157}\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.\n\n_Lining of Cameras._--I find nothing so good to line a camera with as\n_black velvet_; for, black the inside of a camera as you will, if it is\nhard wood or any size used, there will be reflection from the bottom,\nwhich, with very sensitive plates, gives a dulness which, I think I may\nsay, is caused by this reflection. I think even the inside of the lens\ntube might advantageously be lined with black velvet.\n\nW. M. F.\n\n_Cyanuret of Potassium._--I have been using lately 12 grs. of cyanuret of\npotassium in 1 oz. of water for clearing the collodion plates, instead\nof hypo. There is one advantage, that there are no crystals formed if\nimperfectly washed, which is too common with hypo. You must take care to\nwell wash off the developing fluid, whether pyrogallic, protonitrate,\nor protosulphite: if you use the latter 40-grains strong, the _whitest_\npictures can be obtained, nearly as white as after bichloride of mercury.\nA good formula to make it is--\n\n    Distilled water                 11 drachms.\n    Alcohol                          1 drachm.\n    Nitric acid                     20 minims.\n    Protosulphate of iron           60 grains.\n\nThis I know to act well with care, and it will keep a long time.\n\nI find protonitrate solution--\n\n    Water                            1\u00bd ounce.\n    Barytes                        150 grains.\n    Protosulph.                    150    \"\n\nmixed in a proportion of 8 to 4, with a 3-grain solution of pyrogallic--a\nvery nice developing mixture; and, if poured back again after being used,\nwill suffice 6 or 8 times over; but it is _best_ new.\n\nW. M. F.\n\n_Minuteness of Detail on Paper._--Being fond of antiquarian studies,\nand having learned from \"N. & Q.\" the value of photography to the\narch\u00e6ologist, I have serious thoughts of taking up the practice of\nthe art. Before doing so, however, I am anxious to learn how far that\nminuteness of detail which I so much prize, and which is of such value to\nthe antiquary, is to be obtained by any of the processes on paper. I have\nseen some specimens produced by collodion which certainly exhibit that\nquality in an eminent degree. Is anything approaching to such minuteness\nattainable by any of the Talbotype processes?\n\nF. S. A.\n\n[Had this Query reached us last week, we should then, as now, have\nreplied in the affirmative. We should then have referred, for evidence\nin support of our statement, to Mr. Fenton's Well Walk, Cheltenham,\npublished in the _Photographic Album_, and to Mr. Buckle's View of\nPeterborough. But we may now adduce a work almost more remarkable for\nthis quality, namely, a view of Salisbury, by Mr. Russell Sedgefield, a\nyoung wood engraver, which is about to appear in the forthcoming part of\nthe _Photographic Album_.\n\nTo this beautiful specimen of the art we may certainly refer as a proof\nthat it is quite possible to obtain upon paper the greatest nicety of\ndetail; in short, every minuteness that can be desired, or ought to be\nattempted.]\n\n_Stereoscopic Angles._--I think there can be little doubt that MR. T. L.\nMERRITT (Vol. viii., p. 110.) has solved the problem as to stereoscopic\nangles: there can be no reason why one angle should be used for _near_\nobjects, and another for _distant_. A _true_ representation of nature is\nrequired: and, as we cannot view any object with one of our eyes eighteen\nor twenty feet separate from the other, so it appears to me a true\npicture cannot be obtained by taking two views so far apart. The result\nmust be to _dwarf_ the objects; and, in confirmation of this, I may state\nthat I was not convinced that the stereoscopic views were taken from\nnature till I understood the cause of their reduction. All views that I\nhave been able to purchase, of out-door nature, appear to me to be taken\nfrom models, and not from the objects themselves.\n\nA view of a tower conveys the idea, not of a tower of stone and lime, but\nof a very careful model in cardboard; and this is exactly what might be\nexpected from taking the views at so wide an angle. A church is seen, as\nit would be seen by a giant whose eyes were twenty feet apart, or as we\nwould see a small model of it near at hand.\n\nI hope that some of your photographic correspondents will settle this\nquestion, by taking views of the same object both by the wide and close\nangle, and, by comparing them, ascertain which conveys to the mind the\ntruest representation of nature.\n\nT. B. JOHNSTON.\n\nEdinburgh.\n\n_Sisson's developing Solution_ (Vol. vii., p. 462.).--Will you be so good\nas to ask MR. SISSON if he finds the above to answer as a bath to plunge\nthe plate _into_, instead of pouring on, as in the case of pyrogallic?\n\nHe is entitled to the warm thanks of all photographers for the discovery\nof a solution which produces such pleasing tints with so much ease; and\nit needs but the qualification I inquire after to render it perfect. I\nhave used it when at least three weeks made, and am not sure that it is\nnot even better than when fresh.\n\nS. B.\n\nP.S.--Why not devote a little more space to this fascinating art in \"N. &\nQ.\"? I think, if anything, it grows less latterly.\n\n_Multiplying Photographs._--In Vol. viii., p. 60., you reprint a\ncommunication from Sir W. Herschel which has appeared in _The Athen\u00e6um_.\n\n{158}\n\nIt describes a method of printing from glass negatives, but there being\nno _cut_ renders the meaning somewhat obscure.\n\nIn the last number of the _Photographic Journal_ (21st ult.), some\nmention is made of this letter. They say it proves to be one already\nlong in use, Mr. Kilburn having practised it for four years. I am very\ndesirous of obtaining more information about it. I want to know the\nlength of the box or camera required; and also the focus of the lens, and\nthe best size. Probably Mr. Kilburn or Sir W. Herschel would one of them\nbe so kind as to say.\n\nW. M. F.\n\nWhat kind of lens should be used for taking enlarged copies of glass\nnegatives according to Mr. Stewart's plan? and will the same lens also\ndiminish the picture? Will not the usual camera lens act?\n\nPLY.\n\n[The usual compound lens is all that is required.]\n\nWould you have the goodness to explain, in some detail, the two methods\nby which Mr. Stewart and Mr. Kilburn multiply photographs in a reduced\nor magnified size; the one by reflected light, the other by transmitted.\nMr. Stewart's experiments are upon glass, Mr. Kilburn's on cameras and\ndaguerreotypes. I have never seen any description of this latter process,\nor of the method of preparing the stereoscope objects: vide _Athen\u00e6um_,\nJuly 30, 1853.\n\nI observe with great pleasure that the cost of apparatus is becoming\nless, &c.\n\nAMATEUR.\n\n[However much we may agree in the views expressed in the latter part of\nAN AMATEUR'S letter, we have been obliged to omit it, as it violates our\nrule of not opening the columns of \"N. & Q.\" to the recommendation of any\nparticular manufacturer.]\n\n_Is it dangerous to use the Ammonio-Nitrate of Silver?_ (Vol. viii.,\np. 134.).--No: it is now generally used as the best of _marking inks,\nwithout preparation_; and we have never yet heard of an explosion from\nits use. Mr. Delamotte has evidently confounded this preparation with\nthe chloride of silver precipitated with _strong ammonia_, which, when\ndried, forms the article known as _fulminating silver_; or by adding\nto the oxide of silver lime-water, and afterwards a strong solution of\nammonia, a black powder is thrown down, which, when dried, is known as\n_Berthollet's fulminating silver_. There is also one other, formed by\nadding chloric acid to oxide of silver; after drying this, and then\nadding potassa to a solution of it, the precipitate, by again being\ndried, becomes an explosive compound.\n\nThe photographer forms a weak solution for his purpose with one of the\nleast soluble and _weakest_ of the ammoniacal preparations, and which,\nby drying _around the stopper of the bottle_, is very unlikely to become\nexplosive, from its wanting the addition of another element as necessary\nto the formation of an explosive compound. For my own part, I must say,\nthat I have found, from experience, all the compound solutions of silver\nkeep much better, and the photogenic effect more satisfactory, by mixing\nonly so much as I may require for immediate use, at this time of the year\nespecially.\n\nJ. H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Burke's Marriage._--I am obliged to MR. GANTILLON (Vol. viii., p. 134.),\nbut the authority referred to does not answer my questions (Vol. vii., p.\n382.): When and _where_ was Burke married? There is no doubt as to _who_\nhe married. But some biographers say the ceremony took place in 1766,\nothers in 1767. Some leave it to be inferred that he was married at Bath,\nothers in London.\n\nB. E. B.\n\n_Stars and Flowers_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.; Vol. vii., pp. 151. 341.\n513.).--To the passages quoted from Cowley, Longfellow, Hood, Moir,\nand Darwin, may be added the following ingenious application of this\nmetaphorical language:--\n\n    \"Alas for life!--but we will on with those\n    Who have an age beyond their being's day.\n    Mount with our Newton where Light ever flows;\n    See him unveil its marvels--and display\n    The hidden richness of a single ray!\n    Unfold its latent hues like blossoms shed,\n    Or flowers of air, outshining flowers of May!\n    A luminous wreath in rainbow beauty spread,\n    The noblest Fame could leave round starry Newton's head.\"\n\n       _The Mind, and other Poems_, by Charles Swain, p. 64.\n\nBIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.\n\n_Odour from the Rainbow_ (Vol. iii. pp. 224. 310.).--This idea has been\ntraced to Bacon's _Sylva_, Browne's _Britannia's Pastorals_, Snow's\n_Miscellaneous Poems_, and to a Greek writer referred to by Coleridge.\nGeorgius de Rhodes, in his _Peripatetic Philosophy_, mentions the same\neffect of the rainbow, and quotes Pliny:\n\n    \"Dico sexto, iridis effectus duos pr\u00e6cipue numerari. Primus\n    est, quod plantas, arbores, frutices, quibus incubuerit,\n    efficit odorationes. Tradunt, inquit Plinius lib. xii. c.\n    24., in quocunque frutice incurvetur c\u0153lestis arcus, eandem\n    qu\u00e6 sit aspalato suavitatem odoris existere; aspalato autem\n    inenarrabilem quandam. Terra etiam ipsa suavius halare dicitur.\"\n\nIn the annotations on Pliny, _in loco_, Aristotle is referred to in\n_Problem. Qu\u00e6st._ xii.\n\nBIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.\n\n_Judges styled Reverend_ (Vol. iv., pp. 151. 198).--The following is\nan extract from the title of a small octavo volume, printed for the\nassignees of {159} John More, Esq., London, 1635, which lately came into\nmy hands:--_La novel Natura Brevium du Juge Tresreverend Monsieur Anthony\nFitzherbert_; with a new table by William Rastall. The preface is headed\nas follows:--\"La Preface sur cest lieuz compose per le Reverend Justice\nAnthony Fitzherbert.\"\n\nAnthony Fitzherbert was appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas\nin 1523, and died in 30 Hen. VIII. William Rastall was appointed\nSerjeant-at-law in 1554, and one of the Justices of the Common Pleas\nin 1558: it would seem, therefore, that as Rastall is not styled\n\"Serjeant-at-law\" in the title-page of the book when he made a new table\nto its contents, that the complimentary style of Reverend, as applicable\nto the judges, was used at least as late as the middle of the sixteenth\ncentury.\n\nTHOMAS W. KING, YORK HERALD.\n\nCollege of Arms.\n\n_Jacob Bobart_ (Vol. viii., p. 37.).--I beg to supply the following\nadditional particulars relating to the Bobart family. In the\n_Correspondence of Dr. Richardson_, edited by Mr. Dawson Turner, will\nbe found a letter from Bobart junior to the Doctor, with a reference to\ntwo other letters. In pages 9, 10, and 11, a copious note respecting\nthe Bobart family, by the editor, is given. A short notice of Bobart\njun. also appears in the Memoirs of John Martyn, Professor of Botany at\nCambridge. The following epitaph on Bobart jun. is in Amherst's _Terr\u00e6\nFilius_, 1726:\n\n    \"Here lies Jacob Bobart,\n    Nail'd up in a cupboard.\"\n\nIn the preface to Mr. Nichols' work on _Autographs_, among other albums\nnoticed by him as being in the British Museum, is that of David Krieg,\nwith Jacob Bobart's autograph, and the following verses:\n\n    \"VIRTUS SUA GLORIA.\n\n    Think that day lost whose descending sun,\n    Views from thy hand no noble action done.\n\n    Your success and happyness\n\n    Is sincerely wished by\n\n    JA. BOBART, Oxford.\"\n\nMr. Richardson's engraved portrait of Bobart the Elder is only a copy\nof Burghers' engraving, so highly spoken of by Granger, and cannot,\ntherefore, be nearly so valuable as the latter.\n\nGARLICHITHE.\n\n_\"Putting your foot into it\"_ (Vol. viii., p. 77.).--W. W. is certainly\n\"Will o' the Wisp\" himself. We must not allow him to lead us into Asia,\nhunting for the origin of a saying which is nothing more than a coarse\nallusion to an accident that happens day after day to every heedless or\nbenighted pedestrian in England; but if a foreign origin _must_ be found\nfor this saying, let us travel to Greece rather than to Hindostan, and we\nshall see in the writings of \u00c6schylus:\n\n    \"\u1f18\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd, \u1f45\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f14\u03be\u03c9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b1\n    \u1f1c\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1ff6\u03c2\n    \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4'.\" \u03ba.\u03c4.\u03bb.--_Prom. Vinc._ 271.\n\nC. FORBES.\n\nTemple.\n\n_Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle_ (Vol. vi., pp. 127. 207.\n280. 368. 566.; Vol. vii., p. 508.).--We have all overlooked the\nfollowing use of this simile in Thomas Hood's poem, addressed to Rae\nWilson:\n\n    \"Spontaneously to God should tend the soul,\n    Like the magnetic needle to the Pole;\n    But what were that intrinsic virtue worth,\n    Suppose some fellow, with more zeal than knowledge,\n      Fresh from St. Andrew's College,\n    Should nail the conscious needle to the north?\"\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n_The Tragedy of Polidus_ (Vol. vii., p. 499.).--This tragedy, printed at\nLondon 1723, 12mo., has a farce appended to it called _All Bedevil'd, or\nthe House in a Hurry_. Browne was patronised by Hervey, the author of the\n_Meditations_. The scene of the drama is in Cyprus. The lover of Polidus,\n\"the banished general,\" and Rosetta, daughter to Orlont, chief favourite\nto the king, form the groundwork of the plot. My copy was formerly in\nthe collection of plays which belonged to Stephen Jones, author of the\n_Biographia Dramatica_.\n\nJ. MT.\n\n_Robert Fairlie_ (Vol. vii., p. 581.).--In answer to the Query as to\nRobert Fairley, or more properly Fairlie, I may mention that there is\nin my possession a presentation by the Faculty of Advocates, dated July\n27, 1622, to \"Robert Fairlie, son lawfull to Umquhill Robert Fairlie,\ngoldsmith, Burgh of Edinburgh, to the said bursar place and haill\nimmunities quhill he pass his course of Philosophie,\" in the College of\nEdinburgh. This undoubtedly was the author of the two very rare little\npoetical volumes referred to; and it proves, from the use of the word\n\"Umquhill,\" that his father was then dead.\n\nThere is an error in stating that the _Kalendarium_ is dedicated to the\nEarl of Ancrum. In the copy before me it is inscribed \"Illustrissimo et\nNobilissimo Domino, Domino Roberto Karo Comiti a Summerset,\" &c. The\nother work is the one dedicated to Lord Ancrum. I have both works, and\nthey certainly were costly, as I gave five guineas for them. They had\noriginally been priced at ten guineas.\n\nA _Bursary_, according to Jamieson, is \"the endowment given to a student\nin a university, an exhibition.\" It is believed that Fairlie was of the\nAyrshire family of that name.\n\nJ. MT.\n\n{160}\n\n_\"Mater ait nat\u00e6,\" &c._ (Vol. vii., pp. 247, 248.).--When calling\nattention to these lines in \"N. & Q.\" (Vol. vii., p. 155.), I at the same\ntime asked if such a relationship as that mentioned in them was ever\nknown to exist? This Query was very kindly and satisfactorily answered by\nyour correspondents ANON and TYE. But, remarkable as were the instances\nmentioned by them of the two old ladies in Cheshire and Limington,\nwho could speak to their descendants in a female line to the fifth\ngeneration, still that I am now to record of an old man in Montenegro is\nmuch more singular, as he could converse with his lineal descendants in\nan uninterrupted _male_ line one generation farther from him, (i. e.)\nto the sixth. The case is too well authenticated to admit of a doubt,\nand until some one of your correspondents shall favour me with another\nequally to be credited, it will remain in the columns of \"N. & Q.\" as the\nonly one known to its readers:--\n\n    \"Colonel Vialla de Sommi\u00e8res, a Frenchman, who was for a long\n    time governor of the province of Catano, mentions a family he\n    saw in a village of Montenegro, which reckoned six generations.\n    The venerable head of the family was 117 years old, his son\n    100, his grandson 82, great-grandson 60, and the son of this\n    last, who was 43, had a son aged 21, whose child was 2 years\n    old!\"\n\nW. W.\n\nMalta.\n\n_Sir John Vanbrugh_ (Vol. viii., p. 65.).--ANON. points at Chester as\nthe probable birthplace of the above knight, named in MR. HUGHES'S\nQuery. Now, Mr. Davenport, in his _Biog. Dict._, p. 546. (wherein is\na wood-engraved portrait of Sir John), states that he was born in\nLondon, about 1672; but, supposing his place of nativity was, as your\ncorrespondent suggests, Chester, it might very easily be ascertained by\nsearching the parochial register of that city in or about the above year.\n\nGARLICHITHE.\n\n_F\u00eate des Chaudrons_ (Vol. viii., p. 57.).--Some account of this\nf\u00eate will probably be found in Ducange's _Glossarium Medi\u00e6 et Infim\u00e6\nLatinitatis_. I have not a copy of the work at hand for reference.\n\nJOHN MACRAY.\n\nOxford.\n\n_Murder of Monaldeschi_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--The following account\nof this event is taken from the _Biographie Universelle_, article\n\"Christine, reine de Su\u00e8de:\"\n\n    \"Cet Italien avait joui de toute la confiance de la reine,\n    qui lui avait r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 ses pens\u00e9es les plus secr\u00e8tes. Arriv\u00e9e\n    \u00e0 Fontainebleau, elle l'accusa de trahison, et r\u00e9solut de le\n    faire mourir. Un religieux de l'ordre de la Trinit\u00e9, le P.\n    Lebel, fut appel\u00e9 pour le pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 la mort. Monaldeschi se\n    jeta aux pieds de la reine et fondit en larmes. Le religieux,\n    qui a publi\u00e9 lui-m\u00eame un r\u00e9cit de l'\u00e9v\u00e9nement, fit \u00e0 Christine\n    les plus fortes repr\u00e9sentations sur cet acte de vengeance\n    qu'elle voulait exercer arbitrairement dans une terre \u00e9trang\u00e8re\n    et dans le palais d'un grand souverain; mais elle resta\n    inflexible, et ordonna \u00e0 Sentinelli, capitaine de ses gardes,\n    de faire ex\u00e9cuter l'arr\u00eat qu'elle avait prononc\u00e9. Monaldeschi,\n    soup\u00e7onnant le danger qu'il courait, s'\u00e9tait cuirass\u00e9: il\n    fallut le frapper de plusieurs coups avant qu'il expir\u00e2t, et\n    la galerie des Cerfs, o\u00f9 se passa cette sc\u00e8ne r\u00e9voltante, fut\n    teinte de son sang. Pendant ce temps, Christine, au rapport\n    de plusieurs historiens, \u00e9tait dans une pi\u00e8ce attenante,\n    s'entretenant avec beaucoup de calme de choses indiff\u00e9rentes;\n    selon d'autres rapports, elle fut pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 l'ex\u00e9cution,\n    accabla Monaldeschi de reproches amers, et contempla ensuite\n    son cadavre sanglant avec une satisfaction qu'elle ne chercha\n    point \u00e0 dissimuler. Que ces d\u00e9tails soient fond\u00e9s ou non, la\n    mort de Monaldeschi est une tache ineffa\u00e7able \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire de\n    Christine, et c'est \u00e0 regret qu'on voit sur la liste de ses\n    apologistes le nom du fameux Leibnitz.\"\n\nIn the answer which Queen Christina sent to the objections made in Poland\nto her election as their sovereign, occurs the following passage:\n\n    \"Le P\u00e8re dira en t\u00e9moignage de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, que cet homme me\n    for\u00e7a de le faire mourir par la trahison la plus noire qu'un\n    serviteur puisse faire \u00e0 son ma\u00eetre; que je n'ordonnai sa\n    mort, qu'apr\u00e8s l'avoir convaincu de son crime par les lettres\n    en original \u00e9crites de sa propre main, et apr\u00e8s de lui avoir\n    fait avouer \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame, en pr\u00e9sence de trois t\u00e9moins, et du\n    P\u00e8re prieur de Fontainebleau: qu'ils savent qu'il dit lui-m\u00eame:\n    'Je suis digne de mille morts,' et que je lui fis donner\n    les sacremens dont il \u00e9tait capable avant que de le faire\n    mourir.\"--_M\u00e9moires concernant Christine_, Amst. et Leipzig,\n    1759, tom. iii. pp. 386-7.\n\n\u1f09\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c5\u03c2.\n\nDublin.\n\nYour correspondent will find an account of this affair in the Appendix to\nRanke's _History of the Popes_.\n\nT. K. H.\n\n_Land of Green Ginger_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--It is so called from the\nsale of ginger having been chiefly carried on there in early times. As\nfar as I can recollect, none of the local histories gives any derivation\nof the name; those of Gent and Frost certainly do not, and this is the\none generally received by the inhabitants. Salthouse Lane and Blanket\nRow are other streets, which may be referred to as having obtained their\nnames in a similar way.\n\nR. W. ELLIOT.\n\nClifton.\n\nAn inhabitant of Hull has informed me that this street was so named by a\nhouse-proprietor whose fortune had been made in the West Indies, and I\nthink by the sweetmeat trade.\n\nT. K. H.\n\n_Unneath_ (Vol. vii., p. 631.).--It strikes me that your correspondents\nMR. C. H. COOPER and E. G. R., in reply to MR. WRIGHT'S inquiry\nrespecting the {161} use of the word \"unneath,\" used in Parnell's\n_Fairy Tale_, have fallen into a slight mistake in supposing that the\nseemingly old words used in this poem are really so. I make no doubt\nthat MR. HALLIWELL is correct in noting the word \"unneath\" as signifying\n\"beneath,\" in the _patois_ of Somerset; but I gravely suspect that\nParnell had picked up the word out of our older poets, and used it in the\npassage quoted without consideration.\n\nThe true meaning of \"unneath\" (which is of Saxon origin, and variously\nwritten \"unnethe, unnethes\") is _scarcely_, _not easily_.\n\nThus Chaucer says:\n\n    \"The miller that for-dronken was all pale,\n    So that _unnethes_ upon his hors he sat.\"\n\n            _The Millers Prologue_, v. 3123. [Tyrwhitt.]\n\nAnd again:\n\n    \"Yeve me than of thy gold to make our cloistre,\n    Quod he, for many a muscle and many an oistre,\n    When other men han ben ful wel at ese\n    Hath been our food, our cloistre for to rese:\n    And yet, GOD wot, _unneth_ the fundament\n    Parfourmed is, ne of our pauement\n    N'is not a tile,\" &c.\n\n                   _The Sompnours Tale_, v. 7685.\n\n\"Unneath,\" signifying _difficult_, _scarcely_, _with difficulty_, occurs\nso frequently in Spenser, that it is unnecessary to burden your pages\nwith references. It may be remarked, however, that this latter author\noccasionally employs this word in the sense of _almost_.\n\nT. H. DE H.\n\n_Snail Gardens_ (Vol. viii., p. 33.).--In very many places on the\nContinent snails are regularly bred for the table: this is the case at\nUlm, Wirtemberg, and various other places. A very lively description of\nthe sale of snails in the Roman market is given by Sir Francis Head. I\nhave collected much interesting information on this point, and shall feel\ngrateful for any farther \"Notes\" on the subject.\n\nSELEUCUS.\n\n_Parvise_ (Vol. vii., p. 624.).--Perhaps the following quotation may\nthrow light on your correspondent D. P.'s inquiry respecting this word,\nin French _Parvis_. It is taken from a _Dictionnaire Universel, contenant\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement tous les mots fran\u00e7ois, tant vieux que modernes, &c., par\nfeu Messire Antoine Fureti\u00e8re, Abb\u00e9 de Chalivoi_, three vols. folio, La\nHaye et la Rotterdam, 1701:\n\n    \"PARVIS, _s. m._--Place publique qui est ordinairement devant\n    la principale face des grandes Eglises. Le parvis de N\u00f4tre\n    Dame, de Saint G\u00e9n\u00e9vi\u00e8ve. On le disoit autrefois de toutes les\n    places qui \u00e9toient devant les palais, et grandes maisons. Les\n    auteurs Chr\u00e9tiens appellent le _Parvis des Gentiles_, ce que\n    les Juifs appelloient le _premier Temple_. Il y avoit deux\n    _Parvis_ dans le Temple de J\u00e9rusalem; l'un int\u00e9rieur, qui \u00e9toit\n    celui des Pr\u00eatres; et l'autre ext\u00e9rieur, qu'on appelloit aussi\n    le _Parvis d'Isra\u00ebl_, ou le _Grand Parvis_.--LE CL.\n\n    \"Quelques-uns disent que ce mot vient de _Paradisus_; d'autres\n    de _parvisium_, qui est un lieu au bas de la nef o\u00f9 l'on tenoit\n    autrefois les petites Ecoles, _\u00e0 docendo parvis pueris_. Voyez\n    Menage, qui rapporte plusieurs titres curieux en faveur de\n    l'une et de l'autre opinion. D'autres le d\u00e9rivent de _pervius_,\n    disant qu'on appelloit autrefois _pervis_, une place publique\n    devant un batiment.\"\n\nT. H. DE H.\n\n_Humbug_ (Vol. vii., p. 631.).--Allow me to add the following to the list\nof explanations as to the origin of this word. There appeared in the\n_Berwick Advertiser_ the following origin of the word _humbug_, and it\nassuredly is a very feasible one. It may be proper to premise, that the\nname of _bogue_ is commonly pronounced _bug_ in that district of Scotland\nformerly called the \"Mearns.\"\n\n    \"It is not generally known that this word, presently so much in\n    vogue, is of Scottish origin. There was in olden time a race\n    called Bogue, or Boag of that ilk, in Berwickshire. A daughter\n    of the family married a son of Hume of Hume. In process of\n    time, by default of male issue, the Bogue estate devolved on\n    one Geordie Hume, who was called popularly 'Hume o' the Bogue,'\n    or rather 'Aum o' the Bug.' This worthy was inclined to the\n    marvellous, and had a vast inclination to exalt himself, his\n    wife, family, brother, and all his ancestors on both sides. His\n    tales however did not pass current; and at last, when any one\n    made an extraordinary statement in the Mearns, the hearer would\n    shrug up his shoulders, and style it just 'a hum o' the bug.'\n    This was shortened into _hum-bug_, and the word soon spread\n    like wildfire over the whole kingdom.\"\n\nHow far this is, or is not true, cannot be known; but it is certain that\nthe Lands of Bogue, commonly called by country folk \"Bug,\" passed by\nmarriage into the Hume family; and that the male representatives of this\nancient family are still in existence. This much may be fairly asserted,\nthat the Berwickshire legend has more apparent probability about it than\nany of the other ones.\n\nJ. MT.\n\nP. S.--\"That ilk,\" in old Scotch, means \"the same:\" in other words, Hume\nof that ilk is just Hume of Hume; and Brodie of that ilk, Brodie of\nBrodie.\n\n_Table-moving_ (Vol. vii., p. 596.).--I imagine that the great object\nin _table-moving_ is to produce the desired effect _without_ pressure.\nDuring experiments I have often heard the would-be \"table-movers\" cry\n\"Don't press: it must be done without any pressure.\"\n\nJ. A. T.\n\n_Scotch Newspapers_ (Vol. viii., p. 57.).--In Ruddiman's _Life_, by G.\nChalmers (8vo. Lond. 1794), it is stated that Cromwell was the first who\ncommunicated the benefit of a newspaper to Scotland. {162} In 1652,\nChristopher Higgins, a printer, whom Cromwell had conveyed with his army\nto Leith, reprinted there what had been already published at London, _A\nDiurnal of some passages and affairs for the information of the English\nSoldiers_. A newspaper of Scottish manufacture appeared at Edinburgh, the\nsame authority relates, on the 31st of December, 1660, under the title of\n_Mercurius Caledonius_; comprising the affairs in agitation in Scotland,\nwith a survey of foreign intelligence. It was published once a week, in a\nsmall 4to. form of eight pages. Chalmers adds, that--\n\n    \"It was a son of the Bishop of Orkney, Thomas Lydserfe, who now\n    thought he had the wit to amuse, the knowledge to instruct, and\n    the address to captivate the lovers of news in Scotland. But he\n    was only able, with all his powers, to extend his publication\n    to ten numbers, which were very loyal, very illiterate, and\n    very affected.\"\n\nJOHN MACRAY.\n\nOxford.\n\n_Door-head Inscriptions_ (Vol. vii., pp. 23. 190. 588.; Vol. viii., p.\n38.).--Over the door of the house at Salvington, Sussex, in which Selden\nwas born, is this inscription:\n\n    \"Gratvs, honeste, mihi; non clavdar, inito sedeq'\n      Fvr, abeas; non sv' facta solvta tibi.\"\n\nIt has been thus paraphrased:\n\n1. By the late William Hamper, Esq., _Gent. Mag._, 1824, vol. ii. p. 601.:\n\n    \"Thou'rt welcome, honest friend; walk in, make free:\n    Thief, get thee gone; my doors are clos'd to thee.\"\n\n2. By Dr. Evans:\n\n    \"An honest man is always welcome here;\n    To rogues I grant no hospitable cheer.\"\n\n3. In Evans's _Picture of Worthing_, p. 129.:\n\n    \"Dear to my heart, the honest here shall find\n    The gate wide open, and the welcome kind;\n    Hence, _thieves_, away! on you my door shall close,\n    Within these walls the wicked ne'er repose.\"\n\n4. In Shearsmith's _Worthing_, p. 71.:\n\n    \"The honest man shall find a welcome here,\n    My gate wide open, and my heart sincere;\n    Within these walls, for him I spend my store.\n    But _thieves_, away! on you I close my door.\"\n\nANON.\n\n_Honorary Degrees_ (Vol. viii., pp. 8. 86.).--The short note of C. does\nnot elucidate--if, indeed, it touches upon--the matter propounded. It\nwas stated, whether correctly I know not, that honorary doctors created\nby _diploma_ (reference being made to the Duke of Cambridge, and one or\ntwo other royal personages) would have the _distinctive_ privilege of\nvoting in Convocation. It then occurred to me that Johnson--whose Oxford\ndignity was conferred in 1776, by special requisition of the Chancellor,\nLord North (his M.A. degree had been, I judge, likewise by _diploma_)--is\nnot mentioned by Boswell or Croker, as having on any occasion exercised\nthe right referred to. Did he possess that right? and, if so, was it ever\nexercised? The frequency of his visits to Oxford, and the alleged rigid\nadherence to academical costume, make the question one of some interest:\nbesides, in regard to a person so entirely _sui generis_, and upon whose\ncharacter and career so much minuteness of biographical detail has been\nbestowed, it is not a little remarkable how many points are almost barren\nof illustration.\n\nM. A.\n\n_\"Never ending, still beginning\"_ (Vol. viii., p. 103.).--See Dryden's\n_Alexander's Feast_, l. 101.\n\nF. B--W.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nSCOTT'S NOVELS, without the Notes. Constable's Miniature Edition. The\nVolumes containing Anne of Geierstein, Betrothed, Castle Dangerous, Count\nRobert of Paris, Fair Maid of Perth, Highland Widow, &c., Red Gauntlet,\nSt. Ronan's Well, Woodstock, Surgeon's Daughter, Talisman.\n\nWEDDELL'S VOYAGE TO THE SOUTH POLE.\n\nSCHLOSSER'S HISTORY OF THE 18TH CENTURY, translated by Davison. Parts\nXIII. and following.\n\nSOWERBY'S ENGLISH BOTANY, with or without Supplementary Volumes.\n\nDUGDALE'S ENGLAND AND WALES, Vol. VIII. London, L. Tallis.\n\nLINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Second Edition, 1823, 9th and following\nVolumes, in Boards.\n\nLONG'S HISTORY OF JAMAICA.\n\nLIFE OF THE REV. ISAAC MILLES. 1721.\n\nSIR THOMAS HERBERT'S THRENODIA CAROLINA: or, Last Days of Charles I. Old\nEdition, and that of 1813 by Nicol.\n\nSIR THOMAS HERBERT'S TRAVELS IN ASIA AND AFRICA. Folio.\n\nLETTERS OF THE HERBERT FAMILY.\n\nBISHOP MORLEY'S VINDICATION. 4to. 1683.\n\nLIFE OF ADMIRAL BLAKE, written by a Gentleman bred in his Family. London.\n12mo. With Portrait by Fourdrinier.\n\nOSWALDI CROLLII OPERA. Genev\u00e6, 1635. 12mo.\n\nUNHEARD-OF CURIOSITIES, translated by Chilmead. London, 1650. 12mo.\n\nBEAUMONT'S PSYCHE. Second Edition. Camb. 1702. fol.\n\n\u2042 _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send\ntheir names._\n\n\u2042 Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nJ. M. (Dublin), _who inquires respecting the origin of Sterne's_ \"God\ntempers the wind to the shorn lamb,\" _is referred to our_ 1st Volume, pp.\n211. 236. 325. 357. 418.\n\nCLERICUS (D.). The Beggar's Petition _was written by the Rev. T. Moss,\nminister of Brierly Hill and Trentham, in Staffordshire_. _See_ \"N. &\nQ.,\" Vol. iii., p. 209.\n\nARTERUS _should complete his Query by stating where the Latin lines\nresembling_ Shakspeare's Seven Ages _are to be found. We shall then\ngladly insert it._\n\nBEGINNER _must consult some Photographic friend, or our Advertising\nColumns. We cannot, for obvious reasons, recommend where to purchase\nPhotographic necessaries._\n\n_A few complete sets of_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price\nThree Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is\ndesirable._\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them\nto their Subscribers on the Saturday._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{163}\n\n\nINDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S\nHEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.\n\nTHE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD,\n\nthe only natural, pleasant, and effectual remedy (without medicine,\npurging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves fifty times its cost in\nother remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, liver and bilious\ncomplaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual\nconstipation, diarrh\u0153a, acidity, heartburn, flatulency, oppression,\ndistension, palpitation, eruption of the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy,\nsickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea, and under all other\ncircumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants, fits, spasms,\ncramps, paralysis, &c.\n\n    _A few out of 50,000 Cures_:--\n\n    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart\n    de Decies:--\"I have derived considerable benefit from your\n    Revalenta Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and\n    the public to authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART\n    DE DECIES.\"\n\n    Cure, No. 49,832:--\"Fifty years' indescribable agony from\n    dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation,\n    flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomitings\n    have been removed by Du Barry's excellent food.--MARIA JOLLY,\n    Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk.\"\n\n    Cure, No. 180:--\"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,\n    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great\n    misery, and which no medicine could remove or relieve, have\n    been effectually cured by Du Barry's food in a very short\n    time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, Tiverton.\"\n\n    Cure, No. 4,208:--\"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness,\n    debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant\n    had consulted the advice of many, have been effectually removed\n    by Du Barry's delicious food in a very short time. I shall\n    be happy to answer any inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL,\n    Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk.\"\n\n    _Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._\n\n    \"Bonn, July 19. 1852.\n\n    \"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,\n    nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many\n    cases, all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in\n    confined habit of body, as also diarrh\u0153a, bowel complaints,\n    affections of the kidneys and bladder, such as stone or gravel;\n    inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of\n    the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. This\n    really invaluable remedy is employed with the most satisfactory\n    result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, where\n    irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary\n    and bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually\n    the troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth\n    to express the conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica\n    is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complaints and\n    consumption.\n\n    \"DR. RUD WURZER.\n    \"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn.\"\n\nLondon Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her\nMajesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through\nall respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters,\nsuitably packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2_s._\n9_d._; 2lb. 4_s._ 6_d._; 5lb. 11_s._; 12lb. 22_s._; super-refined, 5lb.\n22_s._; 10lb. 33_s._ The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of\nPost-office order.--Barry, Du Barry & Co., 77. Regent Street, London.\n\nIMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by\nspurious imitations under closely similar names such as Ervalenta,\nArabaca, and others, the public will do well to see that each canister\nbears the name BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full,\n_without which none is genuine_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions\n(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at\nBLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus\nof every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography\nin all its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\n\u2042 Catalogues may be had on application.\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\nMakers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.\n\nOTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every\nother form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability\nof Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its extreme\nPortability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.\n\nEvery Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,\n&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury\nRoad, Islington.\n\nNew Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,\nSanford's, and Canson Fr\u00e8res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.\nIodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.\n\nSold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.\nPaternoster Row, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,\n\n3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.\n\nFounded A.D. 1842.\n\n_Directors._\n\n    H. E. Bicknell, Esq.\n    T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.\n    G. H. Drew, Esq.\n    W. Evans, Esq.\n    W. Freeman, Esq.\n    F. Fuller, Esq.\n    J. H. Goodhart, Esq.\n    T. Grissell, Esq.\n    J. Hunt, Esq.\n    J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.\n    E. Lucas, Esq.\n    J. Lys Seager, Esq.\n    J. B. White, Esq.\n    J. Carter Wood, Esq.\n\n_Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.; T. Grissell, Esq.\n\n_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.\n\n_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application\nto suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed\nin the Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n    Age _\u00a3_ _s._ _d._\n    17   1   14   4\n    22   1   18   8\n    27   2    4   5\n    32   2   10   8\n    37   2   18   6\n    42   3    8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material additions,\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT\nBUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment,\nexemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,\n&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance.\nBy ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance\nSociety, 3. Parliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThis day is published, price 6_d._\n\nOBSERVATIONS ON SOME OF THE MANUSCRIPT EMENDATIONS OF THE TEXT OF\nSHAKSPEARE. By J. O. HALLIWELL, Esq., F.R.S.\n\nJOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThis day is published in 8vo., with Fac-simile from an early MS. at\nDulwich College, price 1_s._\n\nCURIOSITIES OF MODERN SHAKSPEARIAN CRITICISM. By J. O. HALLIWELL, ESQ.,\nF.R.S.\n\nJOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE GRIMALDI SHAKSPEARE.\n\nNow ready in 8vo., with fac-similes, 1_s._\n\nNOTES and EMENDATIONS on the PLAYS of SHAKSPEARE, from a recently\ndiscovered annotated Copy by the late JOSEPH GRIMALDI, ESQ., Comedian.\n\nJ. RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMusic and Musical Instruments: 1900 engraved Music Plates from the\nCatalogue of a London Publisher.\n\nPUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by\nAUCTION at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, August 17,\nand following Day, a Large Collection of Valuable Music, the Concluding\nPortion of MESSRS. CALKIN & BUDD'S well-known Stock: Large Collections\nof Handel's Works; Warren's and other Collections of Glees; the Works of\nthe best Anthem Writers; Rare Theoretical Works; Early English Songs; a\nSplendid Collection of Sir Henry Bishop's Works, in 20 vols. handsomely\nbound. Also Musical Instruments, Violins, Violoncellos, Pianofortes, &c.\n\nCatalogues will be sent on Application (if in the Country on receipt of\nTwo Stamps).\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining\nInstantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,\naccording to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the\nchoicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their\nEstablishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class\nX., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all\nClimates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior\nGold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver\nCases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,\n10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior\nLever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's\nPocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch\nskilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,\n2_l._, 3_l._, and 4_l._ Thermometers from 1_s._ each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, 65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{164}\n\nTO BOOK CLUBS, READING SOCIETIES, ETC.\n\nALBEMARLE STREET, _August 1853_.\n\nTHE NEW BOOKS OF THE SEASON.\n\nSIR HUDSON LOWE'S LETTERS AND JOURNALS.\n\nLIEUT. HOOPER'S TENTS OF THE TUSKI.\n\nMR. BANKES' STORY OF CORFE CASTLE.\n\nCAPT. ERSKINE'S ISLANDS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC.\n\nTHE COMPLETION OF THE CASTLEREAGH DESPATCHES.\n\nMR. GALTON'S EXPLORATION OF TROPICAL SOUTH AFRICA.\n\nM. JULES MAUREL'S ESSAY ON WELLINGTON.\n\nMR. HOLLWAY'S FOUR WEEKS' TOUR IN NORWAY.\n\nTHE ELEVENTH VOLUME OF GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE.\n\nMR. PALLISER'S HUNTING RAMBLES IN THE PRAIRIES.\n\nTHE CONCLUSION OF THE GRENVILLE DIARY AND LETTERS.\n\nMR. LAYARD'S SECOND EXPEDITION TO ASSYRIA.\n\nCAPT. DEVEREUX'S LIVES OF THE EARLS OF ESSEX.\n\nMRS. MEREDITH'S NINE YEARS IN TASMANIA.\n\nENGLAND AND FRANCE UNDER THE HOUSE OF LANCASTER.\n\nMR. FORTUNE'S NARRATIVE OF TWO VISITS TO CHINA.\n\nMR. CAMPBELL ON THE GOVERNMENT OF MODERN INDIA.\n\nDR. HOOK ON THE RELIGIOUS CONTROVERSIES OF THE DAY.\n\nMR. HILL ON THE AMOUNT, CAUSES, AND REMEDIES FOR CRIME.\n\nMR. LUCAS ON HISTORY, AS A CONDITION OF PROGRESS.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNEW VOLUME OF DODSLEY'S AND RIVINGTON'S ANNUAL REGISTER.\n\nNow ready, in 8vo.,\n\nTHE ANNUAL REGISTER; or, a View of the History and Politics of the YEAR\n1852.\n\nRIVINGTONS; LONGMAN & CO.; J. M. RICHARDSON; HAMILTON & CO.; SIMPKIN &\nCO.; HOULSTON & STONEMAN; G. LAWFORD; COWIE & CO.; CAPES & SON; SMITH,\nELDER, & CO.; H. WASHBOURNE; H. G. BOHN; J. BUMPUS; WALLER & SON; J.\nTHOMAS; L. BOOTH; W. J. CLEAVER; UPHAM & BEET; G. ROUTLEDGE & CO.; J.\nGREEN; G. WILLIS; and W. HEATH.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS.\n\nA NEW AND CHEAPER ISSUE.\n\nHANDBOOK--TRAVEL TALK.\n\nHANDBOOK--BELGIUM AND THE RHINE.\n\nHANDBOOK--SWITZERLAND, SAVOY, AND PIEDMONT.\n\nHANDBOOK--NORTH GERMANY AND HOLLAND.\n\nHANDBOOK--SOUTH GERMANY AND THE TYROL.\n\nHANDBOOK--FRANCE AND THE PYRENEES.\n\nHANDBOOK--SPAIN, ANDALUSIA, ETC.\n\nHANDBOOK--NORTH ITALY AND FLORENCE.\n\nHANDBOOK--SOUTH ITALY AND NAPLES.\n\nHANDBOOK--EGYPT AND THEBES.\n\nHANDBOOK--DENMARK, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN.\n\nHANDBOOK--RUSSIA, FINLAND, AND ICELAND.\n\nHANDBOOK--MODERN LONDON.\n\nHANDBOOK--DEVON AND CORNWALL.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nRecently published, price 3_l._ 2_s._, cloth gilt,\n\nTHE CHURCH OF OUR FATHERS, as seen in the Rite for the Cathedral of\nSalisbury, with Dissertations on the Belief and Ritual in England before\nand after the coming of the Normans. By DANIEL ROCK, D.D. In Three\nVolumes octavo, bound in Four.\n\nLondon: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond Street, and 22. Paternoster Row.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE AND HISTORICAL REVIEW FOR AUGUST, contains the\nfollowing articles:--1. State Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII. 2.\nMadame de Longueville. 3. The Prospero of \"The Tempest.\" 4. Letter of\nMajor P. Ferguson during the American War. 5. Wanderings of an Antiquary:\nBramber Castle and the Sussex Churches, by Thomas Wright, F.S.A. (with\nEngravings). 6. St. Hilary Church, Cornwall (with an Engraving). 7.\nBenjamin Robert Haydon. 8. The Northern Topographers--Whitaker, Surtees,\nand Raine. 9. Passage of the Pruth in the year 1739. 10. Early History\nof the Post-Office. 11. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: A Peep at the\nLibrary of Chichester Cathedral--Christ's Church at Norwich--Rev. Wm.\nSmith of Melsonby--Godmanham and Londesborough. With Reviews of New\nPublications, a Report of the Meeting of the Arch\u00e6ological Institute at\nChichester, and of other Antiquarian Societies, Historical Chronicle, and\nOBITUARY. Price 2_s._ 6_d._\n\nNICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow ready, price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated\nby Special Permission to\n\nTHE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.\n\nPSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by\nthe Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged\nfor Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants\nfor the Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM\nOF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her\nMajesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J.\nB. SALE, 21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of\na Post-office Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal\nBooksellers and Music Warehouses.\n\n\"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our\nChurch and Cathedral Service.\"--_Times._\n\n\"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this\ncountry.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n\"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well merits\nthe distinguished patronage under which it appears.\"--_Musical World._\n\n\"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting of\na very superior character to any which has hitherto appeared.\"--_John\nBull._\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\nAlso, lately published,\n\nJ. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel\nRoyal St. James, price 2_s._\n\nC. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n8vo., price 21_s._\n\nSOME ACCOUNT of DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE in ENGLAND, from the Conquest\nto the end of the Thirteenth Century, with numerous Illustrations of\nExisting Remains from Original Drawings. By T. HUDSON TURNER.\n\n\"What Horace Walpole attempted, and what Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has\ndone for oil-painting--elucidated its history and traced its progress\nin England by means of the records of expenses and mandates of the\nsuccessive Sovereigns of the realm--Mr. Hudson Turner has now achieved\nfor Domestic Architecture in this country during the twelfth and\nthirteenth centuries.\"--_Architect._\n\n\"The writer of the present volume ranks among the most intelligent of the\ncraft, and a careful perusal of its contents will convince the reader\nof the enormous amount of labour bestowed on its minutest details,\nas well as the discriminating judgment presiding over the general\narrangement.\"--_Morning Chronicle._\n\n\"The book of which the title is given above is one of the very few\nattempts that have been made in this country to treat this interesting\nsubject in anything more than a superficial manner.\n\n\"Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and research, and he has consequently\nlaid before the reader much interesting information. It is a book that\nwas wanted, and that affords us some relief from the mass of works on\nEcclesiastical Architecture with which of late years we have been deluged.\n\n\"The work is well illustrated throughout with wood-engravings of the\nmore interesting remains, and will prove a valuable addition to the\nantiquary's library.\"--_Literary Gazette._\n\n\"It is as a text-book on the social comforts and condition of the Squires\nand Gentry of England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, that\nthe leading value of Mr. Turner's present publication will be found to\nconsist.\n\n\"Turner's handsomely-printed volume is profusely illustrated with careful\nwoodcuts of all important existing remains, made from drawings by Mr.\nBlore and Mr. Twopeny.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\nJOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish\nof St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.\nBride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.\nFleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of\nLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, August\n13. 1853.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 198, August 13, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":22152}