{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_76612/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_76612","id":"gutenberg_76612","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/76612","summary":null,"tags":["Antisemitic literature","Category: History - American","Category: Politics","Category: Religion/Spirituality","Category: Sociology","Jews -- United States","United States -- Ethnic relations"],"text":"Jewish Influences\n                                   in\n                             American Life\n\n\n                               Volume III\n                                   of\n                         The International Jew\n                      The World\u2019s Foremost Problem\n\n                 _Being a Reprint of a Third Selection\n                      from Articles Appearing in_\n                        THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT\n\n\n\n\n                                Preface\n\n\nThe present volume, third in the series, is compiled for the same\npurpose as its predecessors\u2014to enable new readers of THE DEARBORN\nINDEPENDENT to commence their reading with the earlier articles in the\nseries of studies in The Jewish Question.\n\nIt was inevitable that the publication first to open the discussion of\nthis Question should be compelled to meet the degrading charge of\n\u201canti-semitism\u201d and kindred falsehoods; but it was also inevitable that\nif the work of such a publication should prove to be valid, the way\nwould be cleared for discussion by other publications which had not and\nneed not bring upon themselves the charge of racial hatred.\n\nThis is precisely what has occurred. An undreamed of publicity for the\nessentials of the Jewish Question has been achieved in this country. It\nis noteworthy that whether the publicity be in agreement with or against\nTHE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT, the essential facts are the same, and these\nfacts were first set forth in this paper.\n\nThat, indeed, constitutes the strength of the articles. The facts are\nprovable; they are not disprovable. The reader can confirm the facts\nfrom his own observation. With regard to the matters discussed in these\nvolumes, there are too many observers of the Jew to permit misstatements\nto pass. This also constitutes the dilemma of the self-appointed\ndefenders of the Jews: they may abuse THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT, but they\ncannot disprove the facts. They do not make even an impressive denial of\nthem. The whole situation would be much clarified if Jewish spokesmen\nwould use frankness, instead of a fusillade of cheap and irrelevant\nabuse.\n\nThe year has witnessed much notable discussion of The Jewish Question in\nmagazines of quality. A few have descended to white-washing, fewer still\nto sheer pro-Jewish propaganda; but such articles as those in the\nSeptember _Century_; those in the _Atlantic_ for February, May and July;\n_The Nineteenth Century and After_ for April; the true and admirable\naccounts by Lieut. Commander Hugo W. Koehler, of the U. S. Navy, in the\n_World\u2019s Work_ for July, August, September and October\u2014these testify to\nthe reality of the matter. The more serious religious press, as\nrepresented by publications like the _Christian Standard_, the\n_Christian Century_, _The Moody Monthly_ which is published by The Moody\nBible Institute, Chicago, have also added materially to the literature\nof the question. In editorial vision and liberty of discussion, the\nreligious press has shown itself to be freer of control than has the\nsecular press.\n\nThis volume contains information dealing with the influence of the\nJewish idea on American life. The departments of life here studied do\nnot by any means exhaust the list. The studies are more and more\ncentering on the actual operations of the Jewish program upon the\nAmerican people, and the effect of Jewish conceptions on our common\nlife. These studies are appearing in THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT now. They\nwill be gathered into future volumes as may be required.\n\n  November, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                Contents\n\n\n                                                                    Page\n  XLIII. The Jews and the \u201cReligious Persecution\u201d Cry                  7\n   XLIV. Are the Jews Victims or Persecutors?                         21\n    XLV. Jewish Gamblers Corrupt American Baseball                    37\n   XLVI. Jewish Degradation of American Baseball                      51\n  XLVII. Jewish Jazz Becomes Our National Music                       64\n XLVIII. How the Jewish Song Trust Makes You Sing                     75\n   XLIX. Jewish Hot-Beds of Bolshevism in the U. S.                   88\n      L. Jew Trades Link With World Revolutionaries                  102\n     LI. Will Jewish Zionism Bring Armageddon?                       114\n    LII. How the Jews Use Power\u2014By an Eyewitness                     128\n   LIII. How Jews Ruled and Ruined Tammany Hall                      141\n    LIV. Jew Wires Direct Tammany\u2019s Gentile Puppets                  155\n     LV. B\u2019nai B\u2019rith Leader Discusses the Jews                      167\n    LVI. Dr. Levy, a Jew, Admits His People\u2019s Error                  179\n   LVII. Jewish Idea in American Monetary Affairs                    191\n  LVIII. Jewish Idea Molded Federal Reserve Plan                     205\n    LIX. Jewish Idea of Central Bank for America                     218\n     LX. How Jewish International Finance Functions                  230\n    LXI. Jewish Power and America\u2019s Money Famine                     243\n\n\n\n\n             _The Writer of the Following Letter Is a Jew:_\n\n\n  _\u201cGentlemen:_\n\n  _\u201c\u2018Because you believe in a good cause,\u2019 said Dr. Johnson, \u2018is no\n  reason why you should feel called upon to defend it, for by your\n  manner of defense you may do your cause much harm.\u2019_\n\n  _\u201cThe above applying to me I will only say that I have received the\n  books you sent me and read both with much interest._\n\n  _\u201cYou are rendering the Jews a very great service, that of saving\n  them from themselves._\n\n  _\u201cIt takes courage, and nerve, and intelligence to do and pursue\n  such a work, and I admire you for it.\u201d_\n\n\n\n\n                                 XLIII.\n              The Jews and the \u201cReligious Persecution\u201d Cry\n\n\nWe cheerfully give the Jews of the United States credit for knowing when\nthey are getting their money\u2019s worth. In the defense that has been set\nup for them they know that they have not had their money\u2019s worth,\nneither from Jewish money collectors nor from the \u201cGentile fronts\u201d to\nwhom the money has been paid. The Louis Marshall line of defense has\nbroken down. The boycott has dribbled into nothingness. Speeches in\nCongress and editorials in newspapers have sounded too hollow to carry\nconviction. The Question has proved itself far too big for those who\nhave entered the defense for gain, to satisfy personal grudges, or to\nwin what they feel to be the favor of the stronger side. The Jews long\nago quit the course which some of the \u201cGentile fronts\u201d still continue;\nthe Jews recognized the futility of it.\n\nNo intelligent Jew in the United States ever was asinine enough to\ndeclare that the Jewish Question is a religious question and that THE\nDEARBORN INDEPENDENT\u2019S investigation of that question constituted\n\u201creligious persecution.\u201d No Jew known beyond the next street has ever\nventured such a silly charge. But it is apparently all that remains for\nthe \u201cGentile fronts\u201d to shout about. From what can be learned of them\nthey are for the most part men of no religion themselves and they use\nthe term \u201creligious persecution\u201d as a red rag which they think will stir\npeople into action. It is rather curious how the cry of \u201creligious\npersecution\u201d is used to evoke the spirit of persecution against alleged\npersecutors.\n\nTHE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT this week goes out of its course to squelch\nonce and for all this cry of religious persecutions.\n\nThree statements are sufficient to outline the situation:\n\nFirst, neither directly nor by implication has THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT\nheld that the Jewish Question is a religious question. On the contrary,\nsupported by the highest Jewish authority, this paper has held that the\nJewish Question is one of race and nationality. (See issues of October 9\nand 16, 1920; reprinted in the new book, volume two of \u201cThe\nInternational Jew.\u201d)\n\nSecond, there is no religious persecution of the Jew in the United\nStates, unless the agitation of various humane societies for the\nabolition of \u201ckosher killing\u201d may be considered such. The Massachusetts\nSociety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals has published a\nvaluable study of the Jewish method of slaughtering animals for food, in\nwhich is adduced much scientific evidence to support the conclusion that\nthe Jewish method is \u201cneedlessly cruel.\u201d But even this can only with\ndifficulty be stretched into an interference with \u201cthe religion of the\nJews.\u201d The Jewish method of slaughter as now practiced is not commanded\nin the Old Testament but in the Talmud, and is, therefore, not religious\nin the authoritative sense, but traditional. Moreover, there is positive\nevidence that modern methods achieve the Jewish purpose (the disposal of\nthe blood of the carcass) much better than does the Jewish method. This\nis the only instance where even remotely the religion of the Jews has\nbeen touched.\n\nThird, the fact is that while there is no \u201creligious persecution\u201d of the\nJews, there is very much real religious persecution _by_ the Jews. That\nis one of the outstanding characteristics of organized Jewish life in\nthe United States, its active, unceasing, powerful and virulent attacks\nupon any and all forms of Christianity which may chance to come to\npublic notice. Now and again we hear of outbreaks of sectarian bigotry\nbetween Catholics and Protestants, but these are not to be compared with\nthe steady, relentless, alert, anti-Christian activity of the Jewish\norganizations. There are doctrinal disputes within the Christian\nchurches, but none that challenge the basis of Christianity itself;\norganized Judaism, however, is not content with doctrinal disputation,\nbut enlists its vast commercial and political power against everything\nthat it regards as, in its own words, \u201cChristological manifestations.\u201d\n\nNow, these are facts, and being facts, they are important, and they\nought to be publicly known.\n\nNo President of the United States has yet dared to take his inaugural\noath on the open pages of the New Testament\u2014the Jews would denounce him.\nWhen General Pershing announced that he considered the morale of the\nAmerican soldier due to the interest of the Christian men and women at\nhome, the Jews had him cut out the word \u201cChristian.\u201d Various governors\nof American states, having used the word \u201cChristian\u201d in their\nThanksgiving proclamations, have been obliged to excise it on demand of\nthe Jews. The word \u201cChristian\u201d was compelled to be cut out of the\nofficers\u2019 training manual at the Plattsburg training camp. Everything\nthat would remind the child in school that he is living in the midst of\na Christian civilization, in a nation declared by its Supreme Court to\nbe founded on Christian principles, has been ordered out of the public\nschools on Jewish demand.\n\nPeople sometimes ask why 3,000,000 Jews can control the affairs of\n100,000,000 Americans. In the same way that ten Jewish students can\nabolish the mention of Christmas and Easter out of schools containing\n3,000 Christian pupils.\n\nIn a nation and at a time when a minority of Jews can print every year a\nrecord of the apologies they have extorted from public officials for\n\u201chaving inadvertently used the term \u2018Christian,\u2019\u201d it is desirable that\nthis charge of \u201creligious persecution\u201d should be placed where it\nbelongs. In the _Daily American Tribune_, a Catholic daily published at\nDubuque, Iowa, appeared a recent headline which said a great deal\u2014_Not\nPersecution of The Jews, But Protection of The Christians_.\n\nIt is now proposed to let the Jews speak for themselves on this\nquestion. The Jewish press has been searched for an authoritative\nexpression charging that the study of the Jewish Question constitutes\n\u201creligious persecution,\u201d and none has been found. That cry has been\nreserved for \u201cGentile fronts\u201d for use among Christians. All the attacks\nfrom the Jewish camp are against the doctrines and institutions of the\nChristians. They have carried on an insistent and successful\npersecution, and the details of it have filled the Jewish press for\nyears past.\n\nUpon reading the following selections, the remark of Dean Swift will\nprobably come to mind: \u201cWe are fully convinced that we shall always\ntolerate them, but not that they will tolerate us.\u201d\n\n_The Red Cross is objectionable to the Jew._ H. Lissauer, in _The Jewish\nTimes_, proposed that the Magen David be substituted for \u201cthe red cross\u201d\non the Red Cross Society badges worn by Jews.\n\n\u201cWe should not let our sensitiveness to charges of intolerance overcome\nour conscientious religious objections to the cross,\u201d says Mr. Lissauer.\nThe editor of _The Jewish Independent_ thinks the suggestion \u201cis worthy\nof serious consideration.\u201d\n\n_The Gideons are objectionable to the Jew._ The Gideons is the name\ngiven to the Christian Commercial Travelers\u2019 Association of America,\nwhose efforts are responsible for the Bibles which are to be found in\nmost hotel rooms. This is from the Cleveland _Jewish Independent_:\n\n\u201cIt is quite evident that the Gideons do not know a typically Jewish\nname when they see or hear one. The Gideons\u2019 object, according to their\nletterheads, is \u2018winning commercial traveling men for Christ\u2019 and the\nway this is done is by placing a Christian Bible in each guest room of\nevery hotel.\n\n\u201cThe Gideons have been at it a long time, long enough to know better,\nbut the other day they sent a letter to Max Cohen of this city, who is a\ntraveling man but the kind the Gideons have no right to ask for funds,\nand the person who selected him for an \u2018easy mark\u2019 certainly should have\nhad better sense.\n\n\u201cMr. Cohen utterly failed to \u2018fall\u2019 for the invitation and instead of\nsending his little donation he wrote a letter to the secretary, C. A.\nJohnson, in which he bluntly said: \u2018Don\u2019t you think you ought to use\nbetter judgment than to ask me to contribute to a strictly religious\nwork opposite to my own belief?\u2019\n\n\u201cIf the Gideons insist upon filling up hotels with Bibles that have no\nbusiness there they should go to the right persons for contributions.\u201d\n\n_The Jews do not like the Salvation Army nor the Y. M. C. A._ Many\nthousands of printed lines expressed the fury with which they regarded\nattempts to \u201cChristianize the Army and Navy\u201d during the war, and the\nwild arguments with which they sought to make \u201cY\u201d work and Salvation\nArmy work appear to be a violation of the principle of no union of\nChurch and State. The same objection was made to religious welfare work\nduring the building of the Panama Canal. If there is any challenge of\nthis on the part of uninformed \u201cGentile fronts\u201d (the Jews themselves\nwill not challenge it) the evidence can be produced. It is only a matter\nof space.\n\n_The Jews did not like Theodore Roosevelt\u2019s choice_ of a hymn for the\nProgressive party:\n\n\u201cWith Hon. Oscar S. Strauss as the nominee for the governorship of New\nYork on the Progressive ticket, this question rises: Will the voters on\nthe East Side of New York march to the Progressive battle hymn, \u2018Onward,\nChristian Soldiers,\u2019 or will the song have to be changed to fit the\ncandidate?\u201d\u2014_American Israelite._\n\n_The Jews hate with a malice beyond expression what they call \u201cmission\nholes,\u201d_ that is, a place of instruction maintained by Christian\nchurches where inquiring Jews may learn what Christianity is and, in\nmany instances, where destitute and neglected Jews may receive\nassistance and counsel. The boast of how \u201cthe Jew cares for his own\u201d is\ngiven a jolt by the dire need which has called Christian welfare work\ninto Jewish settlements.\n\nThis hatred overrode good judgment so completely that in 1911\nAssemblyman Heyman introduced into the New York State legislature a bill\nmaking it an offense punishable by fine or imprisonment to entice or\ntempt a minor under sixteen years of age into a religious mission,\nSunday school or church without the written consent of the parents or\nguardian of the minor! The language indicates a part of the contempt in\nwhich the welfare work undertaken by Christian institutions for the\nneediest class of children in America is held by the leaders among the\nJews; not by the masses of the Jews themselves, however, except when\nthey are terrified by their leaders.\n\nIn St. Louis, application for a charter of the Jewish Christian\nAssociation was opposed. The converted Jews wanted an association of\ntheir own. They represented that they had been ostracized by the Jews\nand were desirous of organizing and owning their own meeting place. A\nreferee advised against the charter on the ground that \u201cit would be\ncontrary to the broad spirit of religious freedom guaranteed under the\nconstitution of Missouri.\u201d The referee was, of course, coached by Jews.\nIn the name of religious freedom these Jews opposed giving an\nassociation freedom enough to preach the gospel.\n\nIn Toronto the Jewish leaders issued a proclamation throughout all\nToronto Jewry forbidding the use of reading rooms, baths, dispensaries,\nmotion picture shows or anything else which they described as \u201cthe petty\nbribery of conversionist tricksters who seek for their wealthy donators\nto open the gates of heaven and find salvation for their sins by\nconverting a weak-minded Jew.\u201d\n\nBy the way, all converted Jews are weak-minded or criminal, if we are to\nbelieve the hundreds of statements to that effect in the Jewish papers.\nThe Jews are, without exception, superior people until they become\nChristians; _then_ learn what they are from the Jewish leaders!\n\nAmong the nice names for this welfare work are \u201cJesus holes,\u201d \u201cmission\ntraps,\u201d \u201cJew-snatchers,\u201d \u201cchild stealers.\u201d\n\nIt happened that one of the helpers in the Chicago Gospel Mission was\nprincipal of a Chicago public school. The Jews raised a great outcry\nagainst him, denounced him as unfit to teach children, and guilty of\n\u201cthe moral turpitude of eating food provided by taxes of which a large\nshare is received from Jews, whose children they seek to entice from\ntheir parental religion and whose men and women they are seeking to\ndegrade into liars and hypocrites.\u201d All because a competent man was\nwilling to meet Jewish inquirers, or perhaps bring a few of the benefits\nof civilization into the neglected ghetto. If this school teacher were\nChristian enough to have a conscience, he would resign, said the Jewish\nthunderers, and with that never-failing tinge of dark-mindedness they\nadded: \u201cWhat is done in secret in these haunts can, of course, only be\nguessed at.\u201d\n\nTalk about bigotry! This from a people who encourage the cry that THE\nDEARBORN INDEPENDENT is engaged in \u201creligious persecution,\u201d though THE\nDEARBORN INDEPENDENT has not yet carried even one of the scores of\nsensational and important stories which show the Federal Government\ndiscovering synagogues and rabbis as agents of the illicit liquor\ntraffic. \u201cThese _haunts_\u201d and hints of the things that may go on there,\nis the only way the _American Israelite_ can find to refer to welfare\nworks in which some of the best people, from no motive but the goodness\nof their hearts, engage.\n\nA book of 500 pages could be filled with the unreasonable and in many\ncases positively vicious statements of leading Jews on any of the\nsubjects touched here.\n\n_The Jews do not like the Christian Sabbath._ The literature of attack\nagainst this institution is voluminous and the arguments extreme. Sunday\nis Christian, therefore to the Jew it is taboo. Court records in every\nstate bear testimony to the fight of the Jews against Sunday. Few\nlegislatures have escaped being pestered with bills on the subject. The\nlatest fight has been the strongest yet waged, to destroy Sunday by\nthrowing it wide open to Jewish exploitation. Yet the Jews are most\nchary of their own Sabbath. When recent college examinations fell on\nJewish holy days, the Jews had the examinations changed. When primary\nelections last year fell on Jewish days, every power was moved to change\nthem. There are Jewish records of a western governor being remonstrated\nwith because a condemned criminal was sentenced to be hanged on\nSaturday\u2014did the governor mean to \u201coffend 3,000,000 Jews\u201d? The St. Louis\nCharity Fair in 1908 planned to remain open on Friday evening; a great\noutcry; did the managers of that fair mean to insult the Jews; didn\u2019t\nthey know that the Jewish Sabbath began on Friday night?\n\nBut when it is a question of maintaining the integrity of Sunday\u2014pooh!\npooh! \u201cDon\u2019t the Christians know that Sunday perpetuates the silliest\nsuperstition, that their god Jesus rose from the dead?\u201d When certain\npeople aid the post office employes in an attempt to close the post\noffices on Sunday, the Jews regard it as a step back toward the dark\nages.\n\nHere is a Jewish editorial relating to Governor Cox. It appears that\nGovernor Cox in 1914 stood for a decent Sunday and liquor law\nenforcement, and this is the threat held out to him:\n\n\u201cAt the 59th Jackson Day banquet of the Wayne County (Ohio) Democracy,\nwhich was held at Wooster, Governor Cox made the principal address in\nwhich he defended laws passed at his instigation. The governor laid\nparticular stress on the fact that for the first time in her history,\nOhio now enjoys a \u2018Christian Sabbath.\u2019\n\n\u201c\u2018I stand or fall by the Christian Sabbath in the next campaign,\u2019 the\ngovernor is reported to have said....\n\n\u201cThere are many who construe the declaration to mean that Governor Cox\nhas bid defiance to the liberal element of the state and will rely upon\nthe religious and class prejudices which he is arousing and keeping\nalive in the rural districts, to re-elect him to his present office, or,\nwhat is clearly plain from his entire attitude, boost him into the\nnomination for United States Senatorship. The _Israelite_ will take\ngreat pleasure about the time the leaves begin to turn in reminding\nGovernor Cox of his statement that he \u2018will stand or fall by a Christian\nSabbath\u2019 in the coming campaign.\u201d\u2014_American Israelite._\n\nThe literature of Jewish thought toward Sunday presents complete\nevidence of the leaders\u2019 antagonism to this distinctly Christian and\nAnglo-Saxon institution. Sunday has never been regarded as set apart, in\nthose countries where the Jewish idea has most infiltrated. The decline\nof Sunday in the United States is directly along the line of those\ninvasions of the Sunday spirit which are mostly aligned with Jewish\ncommercial interests. In Great Britain and her colonies where the Jew is\nnot permitted to usurp a superior place as chief censor of morals and\nreligion and education, Sunday is decently observed. The situation in\nthis country is that, instead of enjoying its liberty, the Jewish\nleaders have taken liberties. The student who wishes to know how deep\nand hard-set is the anti-Sunday program will find all the material he\nwants in Jewish sources.\n\nThe theme of this article is \u201creligious prejudice.\u201d You will not find it\nanywhere within the whole range of the Jewish Question, except on the\nJewish side. There is, in the United States, a religious prejudice, but\nit is strictly Yiddish. If the Christian population bothered one\none-hundred-thousandth part as much about Jewish religion as the Jews\nbother about Christian observances, the whole fabric of Talmudical\nteaching would be consumed in the bright light to which general\nattention would bring it, the bright light from which it has always been\nconcealed. Sheer analysis in the interest of mental health, if\nundertaken by fifty men, would compel the Jewish people by their own\ndecision to abandon the darkness which holds them now. Jewish Talmudism\nowes its existence today to the indifference with which it is regarded.\nThis is the far opposite extreme of \u201creligious persecution.\u201d\n\nThe list of headlines describing the various angles of Jewish\nanti-Christian religious prejudice is not, however, exhausted.\n\n_The Jew is prejudiced against the Bible._ When he uses that term, he\ndoes not mean what the ordinary person means. Therefore, he does what he\ncan to destroy public honor of the Book, unless it be an occasion where\na President has been inaugurated, when it will run through the Jewish\npress like a strong breeze that once more has a Christian statesman\nignored the Christian Bible and turned to the Jewish Bible. It is rather\na trifling matter to mention; its significance comes solely from the\nlight it throws on the Jewish attitude. It is not a trifling thing in\nJewry, as the country will probably be made aware if any future\nPresident should be sworn in with, say, the Sermon on the Mount open\nbefore him.\n\nAnd yet, even here, we observe a strange paradox. A Jewish authority\nsays: \u201cThe Jew is a paradox. He is at once an idealist and a\nmaterialist. He is parsimonious and extravagant. He is courageous and\ncowardly. He is modest and vulgar. He is persistent and yielding. He is\npeaceful and warlike\u201d\u2014\u2014and so on. And though the Jew opposes the Bible\nin the schools, he never misses a chance to put it there, with the\nJewish trade-mark. He quotes the Psalms\u2014\u201cWe wrote them.\u201d He quotes\nIsaiah\u2014\u201cWe Jews did that.\u201d\n\nMost people sit open-mouthed at these glorious authors of Scripture and\ndo not know how to answer. It is time the Churches began to learn what\nto say to the Jewish taunts\u2014\u201cWe gave you your god;\u201d \u201cWe gave you your\nbible;\u201d \u201cWe gave you your savior.\u201d Perhaps it is also time that the Jews\nthemselves considered how long the boast will stand the usage they are\ngiving it.\n\nIn any case the literature which the Jews wrongfully claim as their own\nproduction, is rather far distant in time to justify its being used as a\nmantle of glory for the political rabbis, the discredited theatrical and\nmovie magnates, and the violent penmen of the Jewish press. Rather too\ndistant in time! We, the race that confronts the Jews, have done\nsomewhat more recent work; for example, the Declaration of Independence\nand the Emancipation Proclamation, not to mention the psalms and\npronouncements of the great American prophets that have lifted up the\nworld.\n\nSo, the Jew is very willing that the Bible should be in the schools,\nprovided it is not what he calls \u201cthe Christian Bible.\u201d Listen to this:\n\n  \u201cHebrew is to be taught in the Chicago high schools. Students who\n  include this language in their course are to receive the credit now\n  allowed for the study of other classical languages. Of infinite\n  value in the training of the mind are the wonderful narratives of\n  Genesis, and boys and girls will find the history of Israel under\n  the Judges much more appealing than Caesar\u2019s bridge over the Rhine.\u201d\n\nThe people of New Jersey thought so, too; they believed that a reading\nfrom this ancient book every day would mean much to the general culture\nof the pupils. But what did the paper just quoted say about it? It\ncalled the cultivated Bible appreciators of New Jersey \u201csoul-snatching\nenthusiasts\u201d and raised a mighty yell about \u201cthe forcible conversion of\nJewish children,\u201d although it was provided that Jewish or any other\nchildren should be excused from the reading if desired. Another mighty\nyell about excusing the children all on account of the tyranny of\nreading the Christian Bible in the schools\u2014regardless of the fact, which\nevery public school teacher knows, that no class of children is oftener\nout of school for religious reasons than are the Jews.\n\nTruly, these people are a paradox. They are not fair. They are\nconstituted so that they cannot see the other side of anything. For a\ntime they actually do convince the secularists that everything public\nshould be secularized down to the last notch of atheistic demand.\nNon-Jews are fair. They are willing to see the other people\u2019s point of\nview. When it was said to us that the \u201cMerchant of Venice\u201d was a cruelty\nupon Jewish school pupils, we said, without investigation, \u201cOut goes the\nMerchant, then!\u201d We discovered later that the Jewish children liked and\nappreciated that play better than any other group. Brander Matthews\nhelped us discover that.\n\nAnd so when they said, \u201cReading the Bible is sheer proselytizing; it\nisn\u2019t fair,\u201d the non-Jew, who wanted to prove that he is fair and\nunprejudiced above all things else (a weakness the Jews know how to\nmanipulate), said, \u201cWell, then, out goes the Bible!\u201d And it went out.\nVery well! What next? \u201cYou must abolish Christmas, too.\u201d \u201cYou must not\nkeep Easter\u2014the Jews don\u2019t like it.\u201d \u201cIt is anti-Semitic to observe Good\nFriday.\u201d In other words, to please the sensitive Jewish natures we must\neradicate from Christian civilization all that is Christian in it.\n\nIn the meantime what transpires? Having induced \u201cfair-minded\u201d non-Jews\nto do all these things\u2014and every one above enumerated has been done over\nand over again at Jewish demand\u2014the Jews then proceeded to sow Judaism\non the fields thus denuded of Christianity. \u201cNo religion in the\ninstitutions of the State\u201d\u2014yet in every state university last year there\nwere, and in every state university this year there probably will be,\ncourses of lectures delivered by Jewish rabbis\u2014the lectures delivered in\nthe colleges themselves\u2014propagandizing the youth of the non-Jews with\nJudaistic religion, ethics, and economics. That is what the so-called\nJewish \u201cChautauqua\u201d exists for. It is not a Jewish \u201cChautauqua\u201d; it is\nJewish propaganda in public educational institutions.\n\nThat is the repayment the Jews have made for our \u201cfair-mindedness.\u201d\nTheir demand for complete secularization is merely their preparation of\nthe soil for their carefully organized sowing of the seed of Judaism.\nAnd non-Jews permit it to continue, for there is nothing they fear so\nmuch as that their opposition will be regarded as \u201creligious prejudice.\u201d\n\nThe Jew glories in religious prejudice, as the American glories in\npatriotism. Religious prejudice _is_ the Jews\u2019 chief expression of their\nown true patriotism. It is the only well-organized, active and\nsuccessful form of religious prejudice in the country because they have\nsucceeded in pulling off the gigantic trick of making not their own\nattitude, but any opposition to it, bear the stigma of \u201cprejudice\u201d and\n\u201cpersecution.\u201d That is why the Jew uses these terms so frequently. He\nwants to label the other fellow first. That is why any investigation of\nthe Jewish Question is so quickly advertised as anti-Semitism\u2014the Jew\nknows the advantage of labeling the other man; wrong labels are most\nuseful.\n\nThis does not by any means exhaust the list of headlines describing the\nvarious avenues in which the expression of virulent Jewish religious\nprejudice and persecution is found. But it exhausts the space allotted\nto these articles each week. Therefore, the subject will be concluded\nnext week.\n\nIt is not a pleasant subject. Religious prejudice is just as unpleasant\nto write about as it is to experience in any other way. It is totally\ncontrary to the genius of the American and the Anglo-Saxon. We have\nalways regarded religion as a matter of conscience. To believe as he\nwill is part of every man\u2019s fundamental liberty. To interfere with force\nto change anyone\u2019s belief is exceedingly stupid.\n\nHolding these hereditary principles, one chooses to study that active\nstream of influence in American life which is known as the Jewish\nstream, and immediately upon doing so, one finds himself classed with\nthe bigots and torturers of other times.\n\nIt is now time to show that the cry of \u201cbigot!\u201d is raised mostly by\nbigots. There _is_ a religious prejudice in this country, there _is_,\nindeed, a religious persecution, there _is_ a forcible shoving aside of\nthe religious liberties of a majority of the people, and this prejudice\nand persecution and use of force is Jewish and nothing but Jewish.\n\nThis is the answer to the cry of \u201creligious persecution,\u201d and we shall\nmake it so complete and definite that a repetition of the cry against\nstudents of the Jewish Question will automatically mark the criers as\neither too ignorant or too vicious for consideration.\n\n\n\n\n                                 XLIV.\n                  Are the Jews Victims or Persecutors?\n\n\n  \u201cHalf of Christendom worships a Jew; the other half worships a\n  Jewess.\u201d\u2014Jewish editorial.\n\n  \u201cIf the gospel story is correct, Judas was a pretty decent sort of a\n  fellow. It was only _after he had become a convert to Christianity\n  that he became that which has made his memory an accursed thing for\n  nineteen hundred years_.\u201d\u2014Jewish editorial.\n\n  \u201cOur land is frequently called a Christian nation. No doubt the\n  majority of our citizens believe this. No less an authority than\n  Justice Brewer of the Supreme Court so expressed himself in 1892.\n  But the statement is clearly false.... _This is not a Christian\n  nation. In inspiration, at least, it is a Hebrew nation_, for the\n  Constitution which we now enjoy traces back to the Hebrew\n  Commonwealth.\u201d\u2014Jewish editorial.\n\n  (From the minutes of a meeting of the Committee on Families of the\n  New York Board of Child Welfare.)\n\n  Mr. Hebbard: \u201cThat is one of the things I have in mind, that a widow\n  brings deliberately into her home a nameless child and the\n  inevitable consequence of that is that her legitimate children are\n  always thereafter pointed out.\u201d\n\n  Miss Sophie Irene Loeb: \u201cAs far as nameless children are concerned,\n  _Christ himself was a nameless child_. Let us get away from nameless\n  children.\u201d\n\n  Dr. Dirvoch: \u201cI think where there are three or four children in a\n  home and a little stranger enters that home without a father, you\n  are corrupting the morals of those legitimate children by permitting\n  them to remain in such surroundings.\u201d\n\n  Miss Loeb: \u201cI say to you that this committee, if it takes such an\n  attitude as that, is one hundred years behind the times.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Cunnion: \u201cAnything against purity is immoral.\u201d\n\n  Miss Loeb: \u201c_What has that to do with the question of purity? Was\n  the mother of Christ pure?_\u201d\n\n  Mr. Cunnion: \u201c_Certainly._\u201d\n\n  Miss Loeb: \u201c_He had no name!_\u201d\n\n  Mr. Cunnion: \u201c_You can\u2019t bring that in here. We believe he was\n  conceived without sin._\u201d\n\n  Mr. Menehan (to Miss Loeb): \u201c_That is very wrong to make that\n  statement._\u201d\u2014Cited in letter of complaint to Mayor Hylan.\n\n  \u201cThe intimate relation of church and state in the great\n  non-sectarian United States of America received direct demonstration\n  on August 12 (1913), when a deputy sergeant-at-arms of the Senate\n  was hurriedly sent out to get a preacher of any old denomination to\n  open the Senate with prayer. The session opening an hour earlier\n  than usual, the regular chaplain was not at hand, but with still two\n  minutes to spare the deputy returned in an automobile, hurried to\n  the Vice President\u2019s office and introduced the Rev. Dr. C. Albert\n  Homas, of Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, to Mr. Marshall just in time for\n  the Vice President to lead the way into the Senate chamber to open\n  the session at 11 o\u2019clock, and once again the Union was saved. We\n  shudder to think what might have happened if no preacher had been\n  captured in time to open the session with prayer!\u201d\u2014Jewish editorial.\n\n  \u201cPresident Wilson in his inaugural address said: \u2018The firm basis of\n  the Government is justice, not pity.\u2019 This is sound Jewish doctrine\n  as laid down by Moses and the Prophets in contradistinction to the\n  doctrine of love, as attributed to Jesus. This coming from so good a\n  churchman as President Wilson might be a little surprising were it\n  not that it is a well-known fact that whenever our Christian\n  brethren want to talk to reasoning men they go to the Old Testament\n  for their inspiration.\u201d\u2014Jewish editorial.\n\n  \u201cPresident Wilson at his inaugural gave another instance of the\n  well-known fact that in solemn moments when they need comfort and\n  inspiration, Christians turn to the Old Testament and not to the\n  New. So President Wilson, when he kissed the bible after taking the\n  inaugural oath, selected the passage, Psalm 46.\u201d\u2014Jewish editorial.\n\n  \u201cReference has frequently been made in these columns to a number\n  of addresses made by the late Isaac M. Wise at the celebration in\n  honor of his 80th birthday anniversary in the course of which he\n  predicted _that in a quarter of a century from that date (1899)\n  there would be practically nothing left in Protestant Christianity\n  of a belief in the divinity of Jesus Christ_ or the distinctive\n  dogmas of Christianity, and that all Protestant Christians by\n  whatever name they called themselves, _would be substantially Jews\n  in belief_. To any one who notes the signs of the times it is\n  apparent that this prophecy is being rapidly fulfilled.... _The\n  Jesus superstition_ and the _fantastic dogmas built upon his\n  supposed divine origin_, die but slowly, but that they are dying\n  is nevertheless apparent.\u201d\u2014Jewish editorial.\n\nThe subject of this article is \u201cReligious Prejudice and Persecution\u2014Are\nthe Jews Victims or Persecutors?\u201d A study of history and of contemporary\nJewish journalism shows that Jewish prejudice and persecution is a\ncontinuous phenomenon wherever the Jews have attained power, and that in\nneither action nor word has any disability placed upon the Jew equaled\nthe disabilities he has placed and still contemplates placing upon\nnon-Jews. It is a rather startling reversal of all that we have learned\nfrom our Judaized histories, but nevertheless it seems to be the truth.\n\nAttention is once more called to the fact that the Jews themselves are\nnot raising the cry of \u201creligious persecution\u201d here or elsewhere, but\nthey are allowing their \u201cGentile fronts\u201d to do it for them\u2014just as they\nhave not denied the statements made in this series (among themselves\nthey freely admit most of them) but let \u201cGentile fronts\u201d do it for them.\nThe Jews would not be averse to raising the cry of \u201creligious\npersecution\u201d perhaps, (provided they could make it stand) were they not\nafraid that it would call attention to their own persecuting activities.\nBut their \u201cGentile fronts\u201d have brought that upon them.\n\nThere is no Christian church that the Jews have not repeatedly attacked.\n\n_They have attacked the Catholic Church._ This is of special interest\njust now when Jewish agents are doing their utmost to arouse Catholic\nsentiment in their favor by circulating charges which these agents\npersonally know to be false. THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT has perfect\nconfidence in the information which Catholic leaders may have on the\nJewish Question. On this subject the Catholic priesthood is not misled.\n\nExamples of this attack are numerous. \u201cHalf of Christendom worships a\nJewess,\u201d is not a statement but a slur, flung by Jewish men who say in\nthe ritual of morning prayer: \u201cBlessed art thou, O Lord our God, King of\nthe Universe, _who hast not made me a woman_.\u201d The Talmudists\u2019\ndiscussions of the Virgin Mother are often vile. The Christian\nfestivals, whose preservation is due to the Catholic custom and\nconscience, are all attacked by Jews.\n\n_The American Israelite_, whose great prestige in American Jewry is due\nto its having been founded by Rabbi Isaac M. Wise, _opposed the\nestablishment of Columbus Day_ and berated Governor Hughes for signing\nthe law making it a holiday in New York. The act that established it\ndeserved \u201cthe contempt of thinking men.\u201d Why? Is not the discovery of\nAmerica a memorable event? Yes, but Columbus was a Catholic! However, in\nrecent months the Jews are proving him to have been a Jew, so we may\nexpect some day to see Columbus Day insisted upon with Jewish rites.\n\nThe _Catholic Columbian_ made editorial reference to the increasing\nJewish influence on the American press, in these words: \u201cJewry is\ngetting its grip on the news of this country as it is on Reuter\u2019s and\nthe Havas agency in Europe.\u201d\u2014A perfectly polite and true observation.\n\nBut the Jewish editorial thunderer came back\u2014\u201cThe _Columbian_, in its\nsneaking Jesuitical way, does not mention the fact that these (the\nJewish) papers are the very cleanest in the country. The _Columbian_\ncannot point to a single daily owned by one of its co-religionists that\nbegins to compare with the above papers.\u201d\n\nThe sweet spirit here evidenced is very significant today when an appeal\nis being made to create a strong pro-Jewish Catholic sentiment.\n\nIf there is in the world any extra-ecclesiastical undertaking by\nCatholics which has won the undivided approval of the Christian world as\n_the Passion Play of Oberammergau_ has done, the present writer does not\nknow what it is. Yet in a volume entitled \u201c_A Rabbi\u2019s Impressions of the\nOberammergau Passion Play_,\u201d Rabbi Joseph Krauskopf, D.D., of\nPhiladelphia, has stigmatized that notable production as reeking with\nfalsehoods and vicious anti-Semitism. In the rabbi\u2019s eyes, of course, it\nis, for to him the entire Christian tradition is a poisonous lie. The\nwhole fabric of Christian truth, especially as it concerns the person of\nChrist, are \u201cthe hallucinations of emotional men and hysterical women.\u201d\n\n\u201cThus,\u201d says the rabbi (p. 127) \u201cwas invented that cruel story, that has\ncaused more misery, more innocent suffering, than any other work of\nfiction in the range of the whole world\u2019s literature.\u201d And thus the\nsimple peasants of Oberammergau, presenting the Catholic faith in\nreverent pageant, are labeled anti-Semites.\n\nThese are not isolated instances. Antagonism to the Catholic Church rung\nthroughout Jewish literature. The Jewish attitude was summed up in an\neditorial in the _Jewish Sentinel_ of November 26, 1920, as follows:\n\u201c_Our only great historical enemy, our most dangerous enemy, is Rome in\nall its shapes and forms, and in all its ramifications. Whenever the sun\nof Rome begins to set, that of Jerusalem rises._\u201d These, however, are\nmatters well known to Catholic leaders.\n\nIn their turn the other Christian denominations have been attacked. When\nthe _Methodist Church_ put on the great pageant entitled \u201c_The\nWayfarer_,\u201d Rabbi Stephen S. Wise played critic and made the solemn and\nsilly statement that had he been a South Sea Islander (instead of the\nitinerant platform performer which he is) his first impulse, after\nseeing \u201cThe Wayfarer,\u201d would have been to rush out into the street and\nkill at least three Jews. It says a great deal, perhaps, for the channel\nin which Rabbi Wise\u2019s impulses run, but the tens of thousands of\nMethodists who saw \u201cThe Wayfarer\u201d will not be inclined to attribute such\na criticism to the spirit of tolerance which Rabbi Wise so zealously\ncounsels the Christians to observe.\n\n_The Episcopal Church also_ has felt the attack of the Jews. Recently\nthe Jewish press raised a clamor that the Episcopal Church was not\ncompetent to teach Americanism in our cities because it held that\nChristianity and good citizenship were synonymous. And when the\nEpiscopal Church made provision for mission work among the Jews, the\ntorrent of abuse that was poured out gave a very vivid picture of what\nthe Jewish mind naturally turns to when aroused. This abuse is not\nreproduced here because of its excessive violence and disrespect. It is\nsimilar to that which is heaped upon all attempts to explain\nChristianity to the Jews. \u201cWhat would the Gentiles do if we sent Jewish\nmissionaries to them?\u201d ask the violent editors. Any Gentile can answer\nthat\u2014nay, even the Jews themselves can answer that. In the first place,\nthe Jews do not want to teach their religion to Gentiles because there\nis a Talmudical restriction against it; Talmudically the Gentiles are\nnot good enough to mingle with the religious matters of the Jews. In the\nsecond place, the Jews do send missionaries everywhere, not to spread\nJewish religious principles, but propaganda favoring the Jews as a race\nand people, as is done in our colleges through the so-called \u201cJewish\nChautauqua.\u201d In the third place, let there be produced one Jewish\nmissionary, who has ever received anything but a considerate reception\nwherever he has appeared.\n\nThe Jews are bitter against all Christian denominations because of the\nconversion of numerous Jews to them. A large number of Jews have become\nCatholics; one of the _Knights of Columbus\u2019_ most useful lecturers\nagainst the menace of radical socialism is a converted Jew. It is so\nalso with the _Presbyterian Church_ which has been the most recent\nvictim of Jewish vituperation. But only upon the Catholic Church has the\nJew poured more wrath and malediction than he has poured upon _Christian\nScience_. The Christian Science church has attracted large numbers of\nJewish converts. Some of them have become very active, devoted members\nof that form of faith. Scores of columns and pages have been devoted to\ntheir denunciation in Jewish newspapers, magazines and books. Christian\nScience is a peculiar anathema to the Jew.\n\nWhere then is the religious prejudice? Search through the publications\nof all the churches named, and you cannot find in all their history so\nmuch of the spirit of prejudice and persecution as you can find\nexpressed in the Jewish press in one single day. Jewry reeks with such\nprejudice. In politics, education, social functions, public holidays,\nliterature and newspapers, they see everywhere traces of \u201cChristological\nmanifestations\u201d and cry them down.\n\n_No public man has ever given public evidence of his Christian faith\nwithout rebuke from the Jews._ Mr. Bryan, Mr. Marshall, Mr. Taft, Mr.\nWilson, two of them Presidents, one of them Vice President, and the\nother Secretary of State, have all been called to task from time to time\nfor their sins in this respect. Mr. Marshall is a devout man, whose\nfaith is real to him, and he speaks very naturally about it at times. He\nhas, therefore, been attacked oftener in the Jewish press than has any\nother public man of recent times. Nothing is more ludicrous to the\nJewish press than a Vice President of the United States openly\nconfessing that he is an \u201cidolater,\u201d that is, a worshipper of the dead\nJewish imposter whom the Christians ignorantly call \u201cChrist.\u201d To Mr.\nMarshall\u2019s honor, be it said, he never apologized, he never begged to\nwithdraw his public statements. Neither did William J. Bryan, whose\nlecture \u201cThe Prince of Peace\u201d contained statements in honor of Christ\nwhich brought him into conflict with Jewish spokesmen everywhere, and\nwhose remarks about missions after a trip around the world were savagely\nattacked by Jews. Mr. Bryan did not apologize either. Mr. Taft was\npromptly called down on several occasions for using forms of the word\n\u201cChristian,\u201d which were particularly offensive to the Jewish press\nbecause they had advertised far and wide during the Taft campaign that\nMr. Taft was practically a Jew in his belief in that he had abandoned\nall the distinctive Christian doctrines pertaining to Christ. After his\nlapses in which he used the term \u201cChristian\u201d approvingly, it was\nexplained on his behalf (1) that he was accommodating himself to the\naudience, and (2) that he used the term as a synonym for civilization!\nBut isn\u2019t it significant that the name of Christ should be an integral\npart of the very name of the highest civilization? Mr. Taft was a true\nliberal, liberal enough to tolerate Christian orthodoxy. And that was a\nrather weak spot, as far as the Jews\u2019 estimate of him went.\n\nMr. Wilson, while President, was very close to the Jews. His\nadministration, as everyone knows, was predominantly Jewish. As a\nPresbyterian elder, Mr. Wilson had occasional lapses into the Christian\nmode of thought during his public utterances, and was always checked up\ntight by his Jewish censors. In 1914, speaking before the American\nUniversity at Washington, he said:\n\n  \u201cThat is the reason why scholarship has usually been most fruitful\n  when associated with religion, and _scholarship has never been, so\n  far as I can at this moment recall, associated with any religion\n  except the religion of Jesus Christ_.\u201d\n\nThat was terrible. So terrible that Herman Bernstein was chosen to\nadminister the castigation.\n\nAnd Mr. Wilson made proper reparation:\n\n  \u201cMy dear Mr. Bernstein: I am sorry that there should have been any\n  unfair implication in what I said at the opening of the American\n  University. You may be sure that there was nothing of the kind in my\n  mind, or very certainly nothing in my thoughts that would\n  discriminate in the important matter you speak of against Judaism. I\n  find that one of the risks and penalties of extemporaneous speaking\n  is that you do not stop to consider the whole field, but address\n  yourself merely to the matter in hand. With sincere respects and\n  appreciation,\n\n                        Cordially yours,\n                                Woodrow Wilson.\u201d\n\nThe heading given this notice in the Jewish press was, \u201cHe Did Not Mean\nIt.\u201d\n\nAll of the President\u2019s offending took place in 1914. The second offense\nhe gave was by taking the position of honorary chairman of the\nInternational Lord\u2019s Day Congress, which was to be held the next year in\nconnection with the Panama Exposition. It was, however, the Christian\nSunday which received the bulk of the abuse on that occasion.\n\nThe subject is \u201creligious prejudice.\u201d Where does it exist in this\ncountry in more continuous and virulent character than among the Jews?\nRead these items selected at random from Jewish papers:\n\n\u201cDistrict Grand Lodge No. 4, Independent Order B\u2019nai B\u2019rith, voted at\nthe annual election held in San Francisco, March 2 (1911) to exclude\nfrom the order Jews who join _the Christian Science Church_. The body\nafter earnest discussion decided that the portals of the order shall be\nclosed against the Christian Scientist Jews on the ground that such Jews\nhave abjured Judaism. The vote upon the question was almost unanimous.\u201d\n\n\u201cThe Jewish Community at Philadelphia has found it necessary to publish\na warning to the Jewish people against _the Daily Vacation Bible\nSchools_ which are being established in various parts of the city, also\nagainst certain missions and settlement houses, all of which are _traps\ninto which Jewish children are decoyed for the purpose of seducing them\nfrom the religion of their parents_. These institutions belong to that\nclass of conversionist agencies which wage a campaign for the seeking of\nconverts through _workers ... (who) are a class of criminals that keep\njust within the law and deserve no better treatment than is usually\naccorded to people of that kind_.\u201d\n\nWhen a bishop of the Episcopal Church said, \u201cWe must make the United\nStates indisputably a Christian nation,\u201d the Jewish press retorted that\nsuch a thing could not be done until the Constitution of the United\nStates had been \u201cabolished.\u201d \u201cChristian America\u201d is a persecuting term\naccording to the professional Jewish spokesmen, and the most laborious\nefforts have been put forth by them to prove on paper that the United\nStates is not and cannot be Christian.\n\nNot only do the Jews _disagree_ with Christian teaching\u2014which is their\nperfect right, and no one dare question it\u2014but they seek to _interfere_\nwith it. It is not religious tolerance in the midst of religious\ndifference, but religious attack that they preach and practice. The\nwhole record of the Jewish opposition to Christmas, Easter and certain\npatriotic songs shows that.\n\nWhen Cleveland and Lakewood arranged for a community Christmas, the\nCleveland Jewish press said: \u201cThe writer of this has no idea how many\nJews there are in Lakewood, but if there is only one, there should be no\ncommunity Christmas, no community religion of any kind.\u201d That is not a\ncounsel of tolerance, it is a counsel of attack. The Christmas\nliterature of American Judaism is fiercer than the flames of the\nInquisition. In the month of January, the Jewish press has urged its\nreaders to begin an early campaign against Christmas celebrations the\nnext Christmas\u2014\u201cOnly three hundred and sixty days before Christmas. So\nlet us do our Christmas arguing early and take plenty of time to do it.\u201d\n\nIf anything, Easter is attacked yet more bitterly. But we refrain, for\ngood reasons, from repeating what Jews commonly say on such occasions.\nThe strange inconsistency of it all is to see the great department\nstores of the Levys and the Isaacs and the Goldsteins and the Silvermans\nfilled with brilliant Christmas cheer and at Easter with the goods\nappropriate to the time. The festivals of the \u201cheathen\u201d are very\nprofitable. Jewish merchants have been chided for this\u2014not\nover-severely\u2014by certain rabbis. But on the whole the rabbis had better\nremain content, for there are no forces more rapidly secularizing the\ntwo festival days than are the merchandising and profiteering forces.\n\nEven religious intolerance has its gleesome moments, and the Jews\u2019 come\nwhenever the signs appear of the greater secularization of the church.\nOne parallel between the Protocols and the real hopes of the Jews is\nwritten in _the common Jewish prophecy that Christianity is doomed to\nperish_. It will perish by becoming, to all intents and purposes,\nJudaism. And it will become Judaism, first, by ousting all the doctrines\npertaining to the person of Christ, excising from the Gospels the great\n\u201cI Ams\u201d which are His distinctive teachings concerning Himself; and,\nsecond, by devitalizing Christianity of all the spiritual content which\nflows from a union by faith with a Person believed to be divine. That is\nthe only way it can be done. There may be a union of all the churches of\nthe Christian faith because the fundamentals are the same; no union of\nChristianity and Judaism can occur unless Judaism takes in Jesus as the\nMessiah, or unless Christianity ejects Him as the Messiah. Judaism sees\nthe union coming by the ejection of the Lord as the Messiah, and\nrejoices at every sign of it.\n\nDr. Charles F. Aked, who has since blossomed out as a Jewish spokesman,\ndelivered a sermon in which he cast aside all the \u201csupernatural\u201d\nelements in the life of Christ, from His birth, to the significance of\nHis death, and was hailed by the Jewish press as \u201c_the fulfillment of\nthe prophecy that within fifty years the religion of all the American\npeople, outside the Catholic Church, would be Judaism in principle even\nthough not in name_.\u201d\n\n\u201cNo Jew,\u201d says the _American Israelite_, \u201cwill conceal his gratification\nwhen he finds Christians virtually admitting that liberal Christianity\nis practically an acceptance of the doctrine of liberal Judaism.\u201d\n\nUnfortunately, this is true. Liberal Christianity and Liberal Judaism\nmeet, but only by the surrender of all that is distinctively Christian\nin doctrine. A liberal Christian is more Jewish than Christian. The\nstatement may sound harsh and arouse resentment, but it is a very simple\nmatter for any liberal Christian to convince himself of this by reading\nthe volume of liberal Jewish doctrine put out by Kaufman Kohler,\npresident of the Hebrew Union College. Liberalism is the funnel by which\nChristianity is expected to run into Judaism, just as liberalism\nso-called in other departments of life is expected to bring about\ncertain other Jewish aims.\n\n\u201cLiberalism\u201d in Jewish thought means a wideopen country in every way.\nJudaism has opposed every significant reform that has come to the\ncountry; prohibition, Sunday decency, movie and stage regeneration, and\ncommunity reverence for sacred things. Judaism has been the prop of the\nliquor traffic, Sunday desecration, movie and stage excesses, and public\ncontempt for the sacred things of the prevailing religion; and it is all\ntoo evident that the Jewish propaganda has made serious inroads\neverywhere.\n\nA Congregational Church in New Jersey decided to abandon the Bible in\nsome of its classes and substitute sociology, politics, municipal\ngovernment and kindred subjects for study, and the Jewish press hailed\nit as another sign that the church was \u201cin a fair way to adopt what is\nin substance American Judaism.\u201d In St. Louis a clergyman, instead of\npreaching sermons, began to act out moralistic dramas which he himself\nhad written, and the Jewish press again hailed it as a sign of the\ndissatisfaction of the Christian with his church. Everything done in\nevery branch of the Christian church has been closely watched, and\nwherever a departure occurred from the distinctly Christian position it\nwas extravagantly applauded; and wherever loyalty to the landmarks\nappeared, it was just as extravagantly condemned. Judaism does not wish\nthe Christian church to remain Christian. This accounts for destructive\nHigher Criticism being almost exclusively the work of Jews, although the\nworld has long known them under the guise of \u201cGerman critics.\u201d\n\nJewish intolerance today, yesterday and in every age of history where\nJews were able to exert influence or power, is indisputable except among\npeople who do not know the record. Jewish intolerance in the past is a\nmatter of history; for the future it is a matter of Jewish prophecy. One\nof the strongest causes militating against the full Americanization of\nseveral millions of Jews in this country is their belief\u2014instilled in\nthem by their religious authorities\u2014that they are \u201cchosen,\u201d that this\nland is theirs, that the inhabitants are idolators, that the day is\ncoming when the Jews will be supreme. How can they otherwise act than in\nagreement with such declarations? You can see what is meant if you read\nJewish articles describing the shoving aside of the New England people\nby the Jews; the supercilious attitude adopted toward the stock that\nmade America is merely a foreshadowing of what would be the complete\nattitude if power and influence made it possible. Bolshevism, which\nbegan with the destruction of the class that contained all the promise\nof a better Russia, is an exact parallel for the attitude that is\nadopted in this country regarding the original stock.\n\nWe are not permitted by the Jews to sing the \u201cBattle Hymn of the\nRepublic\u201d in our schools because one of the stanzas has a Christian\nflavor. The Jews claim that the presence of one Jewish child in an\nassembly of children ought in \u201cfairness\u201d to prevent the singing of that\nhistoric song.\n\nNorman Hapgood, writing in a Jewish publication, said: \u201cI need hardly\nexplain that I do not think Jews ought to insist overmuch on their\nrights or nationality in a negative sense. They ought to be as much Jews\nas they can, but ought to be as little as possible of what is merely\nanti-Christian. For the Jews to try to get a song out of the public\nschools because it praises Jesus is perhaps natural but hardly wise.\u201d\nMr. Hapgood received a lot of abuse for his well-conceived counsel.\n\nAgain we come to the end of our space with the record hardly scratched.\nSufficient has been presented to show the strong, unceasing\nanti-Christian activity of the Jews in the United States. Had the Jewish\npress been read extensively by non-Jews during the past 15 years, this\npresent series of articles would have been unnecessary\u2014the people would\nhave known the facts. It is to present some of the facts that are\nillustrated in the Jewish press along the line of religious intolerance\nthat these two articles have been written.\n\nJewish spokesmen plead for suppression of facts in the name of\n\u201creligious tolerance,\u201d and they denounce exposure of the facts as being\n\u201creligious persecution.\u201d Read the whole non-Jewish religious and secular\npublications and you will not find one one-hundred-thousandth part of\nthe animosity against the Jewish religion which is found in the Jewish\npress\u2014continuously found week after week for long years\u2014against the\nChristian religion. The present writer has never seen nor heard of an\narticle attacking the Jews\u2019 religion.\n\nSo, once for all, in spiking the cry of \u201creligious persecution,\u201d we show\nthat it exists in quantity and strength among the Jews\u2014nowhere else. No\none imbued with the American spirit would or could condemn, hinder, or\neven remonstrate with any person on account of the faith he holds.\n\nAs to \u201creligious prejudice\u201d or \u201cpersecution\u201d entering into the present\nseries of articles\u2014there they are, reprinted in booklet form for\npermanent examination: where is the prejudice or persecution? _Cite the\npage!_\n\nJewish spokesmen would use their energy to better advantage, and more to\nthe honor of the Jewish people, if they would address themselves to\n_what is in the articles_, rather than to what is not in them. The\nstatements made by THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT have been voluminously\n_discussed_; but they are still awaiting an _answer_.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of June 11, 1921. _\u201cThis clannishness would eventually break down\nwere it not for the deliberate efforts of Jewish leaders who are\ndetermined that Israel shall remain an imperium in imperio. If the Jews\npersist in maintaining a distinct ethnic consciousness and an exclusive\ncommunity life, anti-Semitism will thrive in America as it has thrived\nin Europe. The American nation, itself the result of fusion, will not\ntolerate without protest a foreign element in it.\u201d_\n\n_\u2014Herbert Adams Gibbons in the Century, September. Page 789_.\n\n\n\n\n                                  XLV.\n               Jewish Gamblers Corrupt American Baseball\n\n\nThere are men in the United States who say that baseball has received\nits death wound and is slowly dying out of the list of respectable\nsports. There are other men who say that American baseball can be saved\nif a clean sweep is made of the Jewish influence which has just dragged\nit through a period of bitter shame and demoralization.\n\nWhether baseball as a first class sport is killed and will survive only\nas a cheap-jack entertainment; or whether baseball possesses sufficient\nintrinsic character to rise in righteous wrath and cast out the danger\nthat menaces it, will remain a matter of various opinion. But there is\none certainty, namely, that the last and most dangerous blow dealt\nbaseball was curiously notable for its Jewish character.\n\nYet only lesser Jews were indicted. Inevitably the names of other Jews\nappeared in the press accounts, and people wondered who they were. A\nJewish judge presided. Jewish lawyers were prominent on both sides of\nthe cases. Numerous strange things occurred.\n\nBut strangest of all is the fact that although American fans felt that\nsomething epochal had happened in baseball, few really know what it is.\n\nThere has been time enough for others to tell the truth if they were so\ndisposed. Many sport editors have come as near telling it as their\nnewspapers would permit them. But it becomes daily more evident that if\nthe whole matter is to be laid bare, so that Americans may know where to\nlook for danger, THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT will have to do it.\n\nAnd this is not of our own choosing. Baseball is a trivial matter\ncompared with some of the facts that are awaiting publication. Yet it is\npossible to see the operation of the Jewish Idea in baseball as clearly\nas in any other field. The process is the same, whether in war or\npolitics, in finance or in sports.\n\nTo begin with, Jews are not sportsmen. This is not set down in complaint\nagainst them, but merely as analysis. It may be a defect in their\ncharacter, or it may not; it is nevertheless a fact which discriminating\nJews unhesitatingly acknowledge. Whether this is due to their physical\nlethargy, their dislike of unnecessary physical action, or their serious\ncast of mind, others may decide; the Jew is not naturally an out-of-door\nsportsman; if he takes up golf it is because his station in society\ncalls for it, not that he really likes it; and if he goes in for\ncollegiate athletics, as some of the younger Jews are doing, it is\nbecause so much attention has been called to their neglect of the sports\nthat the younger generation thinks it necessary to remove that occasion\nof remark.\n\nAnd yet, the bane of American sports today is the presence of a certain\ntype of Jew, not as a participant but as an exploiter and corrupter. If\nhe had been a sportsman for the love of sport he might have been saved\nfrom becoming an exploiter and corrupter, for there is no mind to which\nthe corrupting of a sport is more illogical and even unexplainable than\nthe mind of the man who participates in it.\n\nThere will be a very full case made out in justification of the use of\nthe above terms \u201cexploiter\u201d and \u201ccorrupter\u201d with regard to baseball. But\nit would be just as easy to make out the same sort of case with regard\nto wrestling and horse-racing. Wrestling is so completely ruled by Jews\nas to have become an outlawed sport. The story of wrestling is not only\nthe story of the demoralization of a sport, but also the story of the\nwholesale bunkoing of the public.\n\nThe same is true of horse-racing. The whole atmosphere of this sport has\nbeen tinged with dishonesty. The horses remain almost the only wellbred\ncreatures connected with it. Yet why should the art of breeding and\ntraining and testing fine horses be debasing? Only because a certain\nclass saw in it a chance to play upon the weaknesses of men for the sake\nof gain.\n\nThat, indeed, explains the presence of the Jew in modern sports and it\nalso explains why the Jewish Idea in sport, instead of being\npreservative, is corruptive. The Jew saw money where the sportsman saw\nfun and skill. The Jew set out to capitalize rivalry and to\ncommercialize contestant zeal.\n\nThis is not necessarily the only course the Jew could have taken with\nregard to sports, but it is the course that he most notably has taken,\nand as scandal follows scandal it would seem to be high time that\norganized Jewry should undertake to control or repudiate those Jews who\nhave been most instrumental in corrupting and nearly destroying our\ncleanest, most manly public sports.\n\nIt is worth noting that in Chicago, where the Jewish Anti-Defamation\nLeague has its headquarters, there was not a word of reproof sent out\nfrom Jews to the Jewish culprits, chiding them for their activities. Not\na word. But at the same time the pressure of the Anti-Defamation League\nwas heavy on the whole American newspaper press to prevent the public\nstatement that the whole baseball scandal was a Jewish performance from\nend to end.\n\nBaseball had a close call for its life back in 1875. Rowdyism, gambling,\ndrinking and general disorderliness on the baseball fields brought the\nsport very low in public estimation, so low that attendance at the games\nfell heavily.\n\nIn this year 1921 there is another public rebuke being administered\nbaseball by the same means\u2014a very heavy reduction of public support in\nattendance at the games.\n\nThe storm began to be heard as far back as 1919. The Cincinnati\nNationals had defeated the Chicago Americans in the World Series of that\nyear, and immediately thereafter the country became a whispering gallery\nwherein were heard mysterious rumors of crooked dealing. The names of\nJews were heard then, but it meant nothing to the average man. The\nrumors dealt with shady financial gains for a number of Jew gamblers of\ndecidedly shady reputation.\n\nBut \u201cthey got away with it,\u201d in the parlance of the field. There was not\nenough public indignation to force a show-down, and too many interests\nwere involved to prevent baseball being given a black eye in full view\nof an adoring public.\n\nHowever, not everyone forgot the incident. Some who had the interest of\nhonest sport at heart, and a regard for facts as well, kept on the\ntrail\u2014long after the trail grew cold, long after the principal\nwrongdoers forgot their early caution. Where money had once been taken\nsuccessfully, the gang would be sure to return.\n\nTime went on until the 1920 season began to wane. One day when the\nChicago and Philadelphia National League teams were engaged in a series\nat Chicago, strange messages began to reach the office of the Chicago\nclub. The messages were dated from Detroit and informed the Chicago club\nand management that several \u201cwell-known\u201d Jews were betting heavily on\nPhiladelphia. The bets involved large sums of money, and as the contest\nwas only the ordinary run of daily game, not an important contest at\nall, the unusual interest of Jewish plungers attracted attention. At the\nsame time it was observed that money began rolling into the pool rooms\nof Philadelphia.\n\nChicago club officials called a hasty conference on receipt of the\nmessages. They called in Grover Cleveland Alexander, explained the\nsituation to him, and told him it was up to him to save the game. It was\nnot Alexander\u2019s turn to pitch, Claude R. Hendryx having been chosen for\nthat day; neither was Alexander in training to pitch that day. However,\nhe did go to the box, and although he hurled his heart out to beat\nPhiladelphia and thwart the Jew gamblers, he failed.\n\nThen came the big scandal. A Cook County grand jury was called into\nsession at Chicago and asked to investigate. When this grand jury had\ncompleted its labors, eight members of the Chicago American League team\nwere under indictment for throwing the World Series of 1919, the\nprevious year, to the Cincinnati Reds. And all along the line of the\ninvestigation the names of Jews were plentifully sprinkled.\n\nIt was discovered that the indictments brought by the first grand jury\nwere faulty; a second one was called and it was under the second group\nof indictments that the famous trial at Chicago was held.\n\nOne difference in the work of the two grand juries was that the second\nindicted five Jews who had escaped the first one. Two of these men were\nCarl Zork and Benny Franklin, who were just as much implicated at the\ntime of the first grand jury as the second, but the prosecutor\u2019s office\ndid not try to secure their indictment. Why? Because Replogle, the\nattorney representing the prosecution, said there were enough men\nindicted without Zork and Franklin. These two St. Louis Jews were\nrepresented by Alfred S. Austrian, a Jewish lawyer, of Chicago.\n\nThis second grand jury also indicted Ben and Louis Levi and their\nbrother-in-law, D. A. Zelser, gamblers from Des Moines. Their indictment\nwas not secured at the first grand jury investigation directed by\nReplogle, assistant to Hoyne, who was then acting for the state of\nIllinois. Between the first and second grand juries a political change\nhad occurred, and the public interests in the second grand jury were in\nthe care of a new prosecuting attorney, Robert Crowe, a former judge.\n\nIt becomes necessary at this point in the narrative to give a brief\n\u201cWho\u2019s Who\u201d of the baseball scandal, omitting from the list the names of\nthe baseball players, who are sufficiently known to the public. This\nlist will comprise only those who have been in the background of\nbaseball and whom it is necessary to know in order to understand what\nhas been happening behind the scenes in recent years.\n\nFor the first name let us take Albert D. Lasker. He is a member of the\nAmerican Jewish Committee, was recently appointed by President Harding\nto be chairman of the United States Shipping Board, and is known as the\nauthor of the \u201cLasker Plan,\u201d a widely heralded plan for the\nreorganization of baseball, which practically took the sport out of\nnon-Jewish control. He is reputed to be the second richest Jew in\nChicago and was head of the advertising agency which became famous under\nthe Gentile names of Lord & Thomas. Moreover he is a heavy stockholder\nin the Chicago Cubs\u2014the Chicago Nationals.\n\nThe so-called \u201cLasker Plan\u201d has been attributed to Mr. Lasker, although\nit is not here intimated that he has specifically claimed to be its\noriginator. The intimation is not made for the reason that to do so\nmight be putting Mr. Lasker in the position of claiming what is not\ntrue. Until he makes the claim, the term \u201cLasker Plan\u201d must remain\nmerely a designation, and not a description of its origin.\n\nThis matter brings us to the name of Alfred S. Austrian, a Jewish lawyer\nof Chicago, who is a warm friend both of Mr. Lasker and of the Replogle\naforementioned. It is said that Mr. Austrian was really the originator\nof the \u201cLasker Plan\u201d which for certain reasons was handed to Mr. Lasker,\nwho was not averse to publicity and who knew the art of\nself-advertising. Now, it appears that Austrian was also the legal\nrepresentative of Charles A. Comiskey, owner of the Chicago Americans,\nand that he was also, if he is not now, the legal adviser of William\nVeeck, president of the Chicago National League Club, in which it has\njust been said that Lasker is a heavy stockholder. It was this club\nwhich was touched by the questionable game of August, 1920, and which\nafterward released Hendryx, the pitcher chosen for and withdrawn from\nthat game. The Chicago National League Club has never explained why it\nreleased Hendryx and he has never demanded redress.\n\nMr. Austrian\u2019s further activities will appear when the narrative of the\ninvestigation and trial is resumed.\n\nThen there is Arnold Rothstein, a Jew, who describes himself as being in\nthe real estate business but who is known to be a wealthy gambler, owner\nof a notorious gambling house at Saratoga, a race track owner, and is\nreputed to be financially interested in the New York National League\nClub.\n\nRothstein was usually referred to during the baseball scandal as \u201cthe\nman higher up.\u201d It is stated that in some manner unknown he received the\nsecret testimony given before the grand jury and offered it to a New\nYork newspaper. However, the fact is this: the grand jury testimony\ndisappeared from the prosecuting attorney\u2019s safe-keeping. It is stated\nthat, when Rothstein found out it did not incriminate him, he then\noffered it for publicity purposes. The price which it is said to have\ncost is also stated. It is further stated that the New York paper to\nwhom the secret stolen testimony was offered, in turn offered its use\nfor a larger sum to a Chicago newspaper, and that the Chicago newspaper,\nto protect itself, called up Robert Crowe, the new prosecutor, who\nadvised that, in printing it, the newspaper would incur an unpleasant\nrisk. Other Chicago editors were warned, and the testimony was not\nprinted. Even the New York newspaper thought better of it, and did not\nprint it.\n\nIn this connection, Rothstein threatened suit against Ban Johnson, of\nthe National Commission, the big-bodied, big-minded, honest director and\nprotector of straight baseball\u2014but the suit, like others of the kind,\nhas not been brought.\n\nRothstein is known on Broadway as \u201ca slick Jew.\u201d That he is powerful\nwith the authorities has been often demonstrated. His operations on the\nturf have led to suggestions that he be ruled off.\n\nAlfred S. Austrian, hereinbefore mentioned, was the legal adviser of\nRothstein during the baseball scandal.\n\nHugh S. Fullerton, the able sport writer of the New York _Evening Mail_,\nwriting on July 28, 1921, made a plea that \u201ca person guilty of crooked\nwork on a race track should be expelled not only from the race track but\nfrom ball parks, tennis courts, football fields and every place else\nwhere sport is promoted. These sport spoilers must be barred from every\nsport.\u201d\n\nAnd in the same paper, referring specifically to Rothstein, Mr.\nFullerton writes:\n\n\u201cThere is in New York a gambler named Rothstein who is much feared and\nmuch accused. His name has been used in connection with almost every big\nthieving, crooked deal on the race track, and he is openly named in this\nbaseball scandal. There has been no legal proof advanced against him\nbeyond the fact that he is the only man in the entire crowd who had\nmoney enough to handle such a deal. At least $200,000 was used in actual\ncash, and no one concerned could command that much money excepting\nRothstein, who is either the vilest crook or the most abused man in\nAmerica.\n\n\u201cRothstein sits in the box with the owner of the New York Giants. He has\nthe entr\u00e9e to the exclusive clubhouses on race tracks; he is prominent\nat fights.\u201d\n\nThen, after naming Abe Attell and Bennie Kauff, who also enjoy\nexceptional privileges around the New York club, Mr. Fullerton makes his\nplea for the exclusion of \u201csport spoilers\u201d from every ground where sport\nis promoted.\n\nThen there is Charles A. Comiskey, who is one of the most impressive\nexamples in the country today of a good Irishman being entirely eclipsed\nby a Jew. Comiskey was one of the staunchest supporters of honest\nbaseball in this country and he gave great assistance in erecting the\nmajor league game to the position it occupied just before the scandal.\nHe used his best endeavors, also, to get the truth about the \u201cthrowing\u201d\nof the World Series by his men. But his efforts were thwarted and even\nhe, perhaps, has not the ghost of a suspicion how it was done.\n\nSo that, instead of Mr. Comiskey, we look at the Jew behind him who is\nHarry Grabiner. With Comiskey in failing health, Grabiner is in charge\nat Comiskey Park. More than that, he appears to be in charge of Comiskey\nhimself, preventing him from making public statements and otherwise\ndictating to him\u2014pushing himself forward in a manner that has indelibly\nand unpleasantly impressed nearly every sport writer in America.\n\nChicago\u2019s support of the White Sox began to slump even before the\nscandal and it was helped on by the unpopularity of Grabiner\u2019s methods\nwhich were wholly characteristic of what the Americanized Jew calls the\n\u201ckikes.\u201d As secretary of the club, Grabiner has grabbed the headship,\nand if Comiskey had power enough to unseat him he would do more than the\ncourts have done to purge the White Sox from its most serious remaining\nblemish.\n\nThere are shady spots at Chicago that neither the grand jury nor the\ncourt trial brought out, one of which is now related:\n\nAt all ball parks in the American League, and in the National, for that\nmatter, officials of the \u201chome club\u201d\u2014that is, of the club in whose home\ncity the game is being played\u2014\u201ctake the gate.\u201d To \u201ctake the gate\u201d is to\ncollect the tickets and render a report of the attendance. Tickets are\ndesigned and numbered for the different gates\u2014box gate, pass gate, grand\nstand gate, bleacher gate, and the rest. The accounts are made up\nshowing the number of people who passed through each gate. When all the\nreports are in, it can be seen at a glance what the paid attendance is,\nand the shares of the contesting clubs.\n\nIn former times it was the custom for the visiting club to assign a\nsecretary to watch the gates and thus insure an honest count, but years\nago the \u201chonor system\u201d was adopted, leaving the entire accounting to the\n\u201chome club,\u201d and this \u201chonor system\u201d was strictly observed. No one\nsuspected cheating. The count was made during the sixth and seventh\ninnings of each day\u2019s game, the officials of the home club visiting all\nthe gates, taking the turnstile count, and making the record. Three\nslips were then prepared showing the home club\u2019s share, the visiting\nclub\u2019s share and the grand total.\n\nUnder Grabiner\u2019s r\u00e9gime the \u201chonor system\u201d as practiced at the Chicago\npark began to be suspected. It began to be mysteriously suggested that\nvisiting teams were not getting their full share. Through a system of\nfalse accounting, it was said, money was being held out. Naturally, with\nall the other secret investigations that were proceeding in baseball,\nthis clue was not left untouched. Detectives were hired. Watchers were\nstationed. Secret counts were made. Not only one club nor only two clubs\nadopted secret methods of finding out what was occurring under\nGrabiner\u2019s secretaryship. They discovered that the \u201chonor system\u201d was\nnot in vogue at that park. Their suspicions were confirmed, the\nmysterious rumors were verified. It would probably be highly\nobjectionable to pro-Jewish persons to mention the Jewish management\nwith these methods\u2014but there are the facts.\n\nThe White Sox of Comiskey\u2019s palmy days have certainly ridden to a sorry\nfinish under the Jewish control that has been foisted upon it. And it is\ntypical; for there is no surer clue by which to trace a certain type of\nJew than by the near certainty that even with honest money rolling in\nupon him, he will try to increase the flow by petty dishonesty which,\nonce discovered, declasses him forever. It is typical. There is a lure\nin trickery that appeals to some men more than sound and satisfying\nachievement does. Think of a world-famous baseball club allowing a\nsystem that cheated the guest club of a few hundred admission fees!\n\nThen next in this gallery of notables in the background of baseball is\nthe Jew gambler, Abe Attell, whose connection with sports has been of a\nquestionable character ever since his dethronement from his pugilistic\npedestal. Attell is known as the \u201cking bee\u201d of the scheme to \u201cthrow the\ngames\u201d in the World Series. He knows all about underhanded \u201cthrowing\u201d of\ncontests, because he has \u201cthrown\u201d his own fights, now feigning to be\nbeaten when it involved gambling bets and easily winning when the same\nreasons prompted. Attell is of such a character that he ought to be\nbarred from the grounds of any sport, as Mr. Fullerton suggests. He is\nthe Morris Gest of sport, without Gest\u2019s success. All the players named\nAttell as the \u201cfixer.\u201d Even Rothstein named Attell as the \u201cfixer.\u201d It\nseemed unanimous\u2014with perhaps Attell\u2019s own consent\u2014that he should be\nregarded as the \u201cfixer\u201d: it made it so much more comfortable for others.\nAttell went so far as to say that he approached Rothstein with the\nproposition to raise a pool to bribe the players to \u201cthrow the games,\u201d\nbut Rothstein declined. And yet Maharg, another Jew, whose name spelled\nbackward is \u201cGraham,\u201d says that a telegram came through signed \u201cA. R.\u201d\nwhich promised $20,000. The \u201cA. R.\u201d was supposed by some to mean Arnold\nRothstein, but others say he is too shrewd even to sign his initials.\nHowever, it was asserted that 10 gamblers, all Jews, cleaned up $250,000\non the games and that nearly as much money was used to manage it.\n\nAttell was the \u201cgoat,\u201d the unanimity being rather startling. It has been\nknown, of course, that men have been so deep in sin that they have been\nchosen to bear the sins also of their friends on promise that\n\u201cinfluence\u201d would be exerted, or on threat that if they didn\u2019t stand as\n\u201cgoat\u201d certain past indiscretions would be advertised. Whatever Attell\u2019s\ncase might have been, he stood the gaff.\n\nAttell told the ball players that Rothstein was putting up the money.\n\nAnd Attell was never brought to book. It was even testified that Abe\nAttell was not Abe Attell at all. Certain moneys lost in a bet had been\nrepaid and the expected testimony in a certain matter turned out to be\nother than was expected. Attell was held in New York for an extradition\nhearing. Sammy Pass, a Jew, was one of the witnesses. So was Johnny\nSeys. The hearing resulted in New York refusing the extradition of Abe\nAttell.\n\nThen came the Dempsey-Carpentier fight, in Jersey, which Abe Attell\nattended. Chicago officers were in attendance, too, with extradition\npapers signed by the governor of New Jersey. They intended to take\nAttell back with them, though without passing through New York. Attell\nattended the fight, but the underground wires, so active in this entire\ncase, were working, and Attell eluded the western officers.\n\nThe next name in the roster will be that of Barney Dreyfuss, a Jew,\nowner of the Pittsburgh National League Club. Mr. Dreyfuss appeared in\nthe public eye during the conduct of the grand jury inquiry into the\nshady games, with an insistent demand that the National Commission, the\nruling body in baseball, of which Ban B. Johnson is the acknowledged\nleader, should be abolished, and another plan, the \u201cLasker Plan,\u201d\nsubstituted. It was intended to discredit the National Commission under\ncover of the rottenness that had been discovered between the Jew\ngamblers and the venial Chicago players. It was primarily an\nanti-Johnson move and nothing else, and it was led by a Jew whose\nprincipal followers were the rapidly increasing group of Jewish\ncontrollers of American baseball. What they have against Ban B. Johnson,\nimpartial investigators have been unable to discover. Mr. Johnson\u2019s\nchief characteristic, with reference to the Jewish side, has been his\nimplacable enmity to crookedness of any kind. That ought not to be a\ndisqualification if baseball is to be saved. Yet the Jew-conceived,\nJew-named and Jew-advocated \u201cLasker Plan\u201d won out.\n\nCarl Zork, the St. Louis Jew who was indicted, is variously described as\na shirt-maker and a silk-broker. There are no variations, however, in\nhis description as a gambler. He is part of the Jewish national net of\ngamblers which acts nationally and makes \u201ckillings\u201d on a national scale.\n\nIt should be observed that the principal Jewish abuses are nation-wide.\nThis was shown in the United States Government\u2019s investigation of the\nwhite slave traffic; the bootlegging business is nation-wide; so is race\ntrack gambling; baseball pools also are a national network for the\ncatching of \u201csuckers.\u201d There is, therefore, nothing unusual that a\nshirt-maker from St. Louis and a horse-trader from East St. Louis, and a\nbootlegger from Albany\u2014together with clever high-ups and hopelessly\ndeclassed low-downs\u2014should all be involved in a baseball scandal that\nbreaks in Chicago. They are all really part of a national group.\n\nCarl Zork, for example, staged the fight between Attell and a\nthird-class boxer in which Attell welched in the sixth round in order to\n\u201cthrow\u201d the fight, because his friends had all bet on the third-rate\nman, getting tremendous odds. His friends would never have made the bet,\nor having made it could never have won it, without Attell\u2019s deliberate\nquitting and feigned whimpering. It was one of the rawest of many raw\ndeals witnessed in Jew-controlled sports, but Attell is that kind of\nman. He is a servant for that kind of scheme. It was not by accident\nthat Zork, the silk-broker, and Attell, an ex-prize fighter, should be\nlinked together in the baseball scandal. They had been linked in crooked\nwork before. They are part of the national machinery organized and\noperated for the purpose of separating \u201cGentile boobs\u201d from their money.\n\nIf there were no \u201cGentile boobs,\u201d or if the \u201cGentile boob\u201d would only\ntake a square look at the man behind the nation-wide spider web, the\ngamblers and the Jewish sport purveyors would be in another kind of\nbusiness, with perhaps less money to flaunt in the faces of honest\npeople.\n\nIf fans wish to know the trouble with American baseball, they have it in\nthree words\u2014too much Jew. Gentiles may rant out their parrot-like\npro-Jewish propaganda, the fact is that a sport is clean and helpful\nuntil it begins to attract Jewish investors and exploiters and then it\ngoes bad. The two facts have occurred in pairs too frequently and under\ntoo many dissimilar circumstances to have their relationship doubted.\n\nWhen you contrast the grand stands full of Americans supposing they are\nwitnessing \u201cthe only clean sport,\u201d with the sinister groups playing with\nthe players and the managers to introduce a serpent\u2019s trail of\nunnecessary crookedness, you get a contrast that is rather startling.\nAnd the sinister influence is Jewish. So patent was this that even\nnewspapers could not cover the facts this time.\n\nYears before this public scandal broke, involving a whole team, it was\nnoticed that certain Jewish gamblers formed the habit of rooming with\ncertain baseball players. It worried the managers. The fact that the\ngamblers coddled in among the players was fraught with a suggestion of\ndisturbing unusualness. Managers tried the experiment of trading such\nplayers\u2014getting them out of their teams as quickly as possible. However,\nthe snuggling game was continued until it honey-combed the whole of\nbaseball, with the result that it was with no trepidation at all that\nthe Jewish gamblers could walk up and suggest to players that a game be\nthrown for a price. The occurrence which formed the basis of the\ninvestigation was not the first of the kind\u2014far from it; the approach of\nthe gamblers was too easy, the reception given them by the players was\ntoo casual, to warrant that view. Nor were the men whose names were\ngiven to the public the only men involved.\n\nThe only fact of value brought out of all the trouble is that American\nbaseball has passed into the hands of the Jews. If it is to be saved, it\nmust be taken out of their hands until they have shown themselves\ncapable of promoting sports for sports\u2019 sake. If it is not taken out of\ntheir hands, let it be widely announced that baseball is another Jewish\nmonopoly, and that its patrons may know what to expect.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of September 3, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                 XLVI.\n                Jewish Degradation of American Baseball\n\n\nEvery non-Jewish baseball manager in the United States lives between two\nfears, and they are both describable in the Biblical term \u201cthe fear of\nthe Jews.\u201d The first fear concerns what the Jews are doing to baseball;\nthe second fear concerns what the Jew would do to the manager if he\ncomplained about it. Hence, in spite of the fact that the rowdyism that\nhas afflicted baseball, especially in the East, is all of Jewish\norigin\u2014the razzing of umpires, hurling of bottles, ceaseless shouting of\nprofane insults; in spite of the fact that the loyalty of players had to\nbe constantly guarded because of the tendency of individual Jewish\ngamblers to snuggle up to individual players; in spite of the evidence\nthat even the gate receipts have been tampered with\u2014the managers and\nsecretaries of baseball clubs have been obliged to keep their mouths\nclosed. Through fear they have not dared say what they know. As one\nmanager said, \u201cGood God, man, they\u2019d boycott my park if I told you!\u201d\n\nThis in free America, and in the \u201ccleanest game\u201d! It is time for\nbaseball fans to begin to look round.\n\nIncidentally, the fans have been looking round. The fans _know_. If\nmanagers only knew how much the fans have observed, they might feel more\ncertain of support in the event of a move toward a clean up.\n\nAll that a Jew needs to make him eligible to baseball or any other sport\non the same terms with other people, is to develop a sportsman\u2019s spirit.\nThe Jew has crowded into all the lucrative sports, but only on the\ncommercial side of them, seldom if ever in sympathy with the sport as a\nreal sportsman. The Jews referred to as gamblers in these articles are\nnot really gamblers: they take no chances; they are not sportsmen enough\nto gamble; they are \u201csure thing\u201d men. The \u201cGentile boobs\u201d who walk into\ntheir traps are the people who provide the money. Even in the field of\nmoney, the Jew is not a sport\u2014he is a gangster, ringing a gang of his\nilk around his victims with as much system as a storekeeper supplies\nclerks and delivery boys.\n\nLately the Jews have been endeavoring to prove that they are sports.\nVenial sport editors are sometimes induced to write certain laudatory\narticles along that line, and frequently the name of Benny Leonard is\nused\u2014Benny Leonard, the light-weight fighter. Benny forms an instructive\nillustration just along this line. Benny declares that he went into the\nring without a scar and that he will leave the ring without a scar. Why?\nBecause he will let no one hit him. He will go a long way to avoid pain.\n\nThe true wrestler risks and often suffers physical pain. So does the\ntrue ring fighter. But it is a Jewish characteristic to avoid, if\npossible, the pain of contest, just as it is a characteristic to avoid\nunnecessary effort.\n\nLook at the other light-weight champions and fighters. Kid Lavinge\ncarries scars; his hearing is affected by the blows he took. Battling\nNelson was so badly shattered by his fights that operations were\nnecessary. Ad Wolgast, as a result of the honest straight fighting he\nendured, went into a sanatorium. Imagine Willie Ritchie and Freddie\nWelsh boasting that they never took a blow! But Benny Leonard is still\nunscarred. It may be boxing, but it is not fighting.\n\nWrestling is so tightly controlled by Jewish managers, that a real\nwrestler is absolutely barred out, for fear he will be able to show that\nthe handful of wrestlers hired by the Jewish trust are not wrestlers at\nall, but only impositions on the good nature of the public. In order\nthat the statement just made may not be misunderstood, it is repeated:\nthe wrestling game at present is like the chariot race in a circus\u2014the\nperformers are hired men and the race is only a sham. The Jewish\ncontrollers of wrestling will not permit a real wrestler to\nappear\u2014indeed, they go to infinite pains to bar him out\u2014because a real\nwrestler would immediately show up the game. Wrestling is as much a\nJewish _business_, controlled in its every part, as the manufacture of\nclothing, and its hirelings are mostly Gentiles.\n\nThat is what baseball was coming to. The whole sport was getting down to\nan \u201cexhibition game\u201d status. The overtone of \u201cmoney, money, money\u201d grew\nlouder and louder. The sport aspect of the game was beginning to give\nway to the \u201cshow\u201d aspect. There were numerous signs that an attempt was\nbeing made to \u201cstar\u201d certain persons, to run \u201cheadliners,\u201d and to pull\noff a game with a sensational ending\u2014just like a ballet is staged, or a\npageant. Thrills were being offered\u2014not as the give and take of the\ngame, the accident of tensest action, but as practiced acting.\n\nThat is, baseball was slowly being brought under the level of the\nbox-office idea.\n\nThere were forces against this metamorphosis of the game. Certain men\nsaw what was coming. There were also forces favoring the change, and\nwanting it to come. Curiously enough, the forces that favored turning\nbaseball into afternoon vaudeville were Jews, and those who favored\nkeeping the game as part of American outdoor sports were non-Jews.\n\nThere was more involved in that Chicago trial\u2014that curious medley of\nJewish defendants, witnesses, lawyers and judge\u2014than the mere trial of\nbaseball players accused of unlawfully taking money.\n\nThe players were the \u201cGentile boobs.\u201d The players were not a whit\ndifferent than a candidate for the United States Senate who plays the\ngame according to the Jewish method. Every player on trial was there\nbecause he had listened to the suggestions of a Jew. The Jews who made\nthe suggestions were not on trial. Some of them were not even indicted.\nSome who were called before the grand jury were not required to testify.\nOthers who were indicted were acquitted. The spotlight of the whole\nscandal was centered on the non-Jewish players who were pushed out in\nfront to do the job and who were known to any number of Jewish witnesses\nas having been mixed up in whatever shady work there may have been. The\n\u201cGentile boobs\u201d had no witnesses; the Jews had all of them.\n\nThis is not a whitewash for the players. They deserved all they got for\nmixing op with the low hangers-on; but they did not deserve it alone.\nHad they been half men there would have been a few Jewish gamblers cured\nfor life of the little habit of approaching ball players with a shady\nproposition. The players are Jewish dupes. To be such a dupe is\npunishment enough.\n\nIt would be erroneous, however, to hold the opinion that corruption in\nbaseball began with the matter which was aired in court. Reference was\nmade at the beginning of this article to the fear which the managers\nfeel. This fear is of long standing. The managers had observed certain\nmanifestations of evil years before. They had heard rumors which they\ndid not repeat to their closest friends. They had started quiet\ninvestigations, the results of which they did not reveal even to their\npartners in the clubs. Everybody acquainted with the true situation,\nlived in deathly fear of emitting a whisper that might give a clue to\nthe truth. But the truth is stronger than walls and doors and steel\nvaults\u2014the truth was known at every stage of the game, by somebody.\n\nFans may recall that several years ago one of the eastern teams began to\nget rid of most of its men. It was a strange proceeding and occasioned\nmuch discussion. The sport pages speculated about it and the \u201cwise\u201d ones\ndoped out plausible or fantastic explanations. The true explanation has\nnever yet been given, and it is this: the manager of that club had seen\ncertain things in the World Series of that year which turned him cold.\nHe knew that he saw them; morally he was convinced that something was\nwrong; he exhausted every available method to get at the truth, and\nfailed; so, unable to bring the men to public punishment, he simply got\nrid of them one by one, and the next season he had practically \u201crebuilt\u201d\nhis team. That was not more than ten and not less than five years before\nthe 1919 World Series which formed the basis of the Chicago scandal.\n\nIt may be stated also that this which follows is the consensus of Jewish\nopinion as regards baseball: \u201cYou can\u2019t kill baseball as a _business_.\nIt will always draw a gang on an afternoon, particularly a Sunday\nafternoon. It can be \u2018pepped\u2019 up and \u2018jazzed\u2019 up in a way that will make\nit quite a show.\u201d\n\nThe Jews are probably right, that baseball cannot be killed as a\nbusiness. But it can be killed as a sport. And the American baseball\nfans who value the game as a sport should wish its utter destruction\nrather than consent that it become a rendezvous for the gangs that now\nfill the Jew-controlled burlesque houses. Baseball as a business will\nbecome a danger in American life, a mob-center, a hang-out of the\ndisorderly and criminal classes.\n\nThere is another peculiar Jewish story regarding baseball which has not\nbeen told and it necessarily brings in the name of Judge Landis, of\nChicago, an upright man with a wise head, whom the Jews would better not\ntry to fool.\n\nWhen the story is told, however, even the Jews will agree that Judge\nLandis is too shrewd for them.\n\nBefore the baseball scandal the situation was this: Ban Johnson was the\nhead of organized baseball, through the National Commission. He had\nbrought the sport from a minor place to its position as the national\ngame. Ban Johnson was something of an autocrat, as all leaders must be,\nbecause as old General Booth of the Salvation Army said: \u201cIf the\nChildren of Israel had been managed by a committee, they never could\nhave crossed the Red Sea.\u201d Autocracy has its uses, especially in\nstriking out new lines. Ban Johnson used his power for baseball, not for\npersonal aggrandizement. He saw the game grow great, he wanted it kept\nclean. In his efforts to keep it clean, he made certain enemies. One of\nthose enemies, the Jewish owner of a baseball club, threatened to \u201cget\nJohnson.\u201d As far as the National Commission as the head of organized\nbaseball is concerned, they did \u201cget\u201d him. But so far as his prestige is\nconcerned, so far as his character and reputation are concerned, they\ndid not \u201cget\u201d him.\n\nJudge Landis was a fan. That is, he was a fan, besides being a learned\nand rather strict judge. Judge Landis was one of the few judges who did\nnot quail before Chicago meat packers and Jewish bootleggers. Judge\nLandis always went the limit on the numerous cases of Jewish business\ncrookedness that came before him\u2014\u201cblue sky\u201d investment companies, and\nthe like. He was at least one judge who tried Jew and Gentile alike and\nwhose impartiality and fearless righteousness no one doubted.\n\nJudge Landis was a rather uncomfortable man to have on the bench in\nChicago.\n\nMoreover he was a comparatively poor man. The United States pays its\njudges only $7,500 a year. That is less than $150 a week, comparatively\nlittle on which to live as a Federal judge must live. Yet Judge Landis\nlived in a modest house and within his income. And no one ever dared\ntamper with him. An honest judge on the bench, a frugal man outside.\n\nAnd he was a fan!\n\nNow, while Ban Johnson was doing his best for baseball, and while Judge\nLandis was seeing a game as often as his duties permitted, certain\nothers were viewing the situation. One of them was Alfred S. Austrian,\nthe Jewish lawyer referred to in the last article, attorney for several\nball clubs, friend of Replogle and Lasker, attorney for Rothstein the\ngambler and several others. Barney Dreyfuss, the Jewish owner of the\nPittsburgh Club, was on the trail of Johnson, on persistent enmity. The\nJewish coterie in Chicago and the Jewish influence throughout American\nbaseball looked at Johnson and they looked at Judge Landis.\n\nThen the great idea broke! If at one stroke they could rid baseball of\nJohnson and rid the bench of Landis, what a good job that would be.\n\nBoth these men were dangerous to Jews\u2014not that they intended to be, not\nthat they were consciously so\u2014and it would be desirable to remove both\nfrom the spheres of their activity.\n\nThen it was that the Jew lawyer, Austrian, came forth with the \u201cLasker\nPlan,\u201d named for his Jewish friend Lasker, member of the American Jewish\nCommittee, head of Lord & Thomas (Gentile names) and Chairman of the\nUnited States Shipping Board.\n\nThe \u201cLasker Plan\u201d proposed that the National Commission with Ban Johnson\nbe superseded by a one man government, that one man to be selected from\noutside both leagues.\n\nThe proposal was not an immediate success. Even the National League was\nin no hurry to obey this suggestion against Johnson. Indeed, there was\nso much hesitancy on the part of the Nationals in which the Jewish\ncolleagues expected to find their best support, that the trump card was\nplayed.\n\nWhat was that trump card? It is said to be the secret testimony of the\ngrand jury before which Ban Johnson was glad to appear as a witness to\ntell the jury everything it would need for a proper prosecution of its\ninquiry, and before which Alfred S. Austrian also appeared to save some\nof his clients from the consequences of such testimony. The report is\nthat Austrian was able to reproduce at the National League meeting the\nsecret testimony which Ban Johnson had given before the grand jury, and\nby that means swing the Nationals against Johnson and in favor of the\n\u201cLasker Plan,\u201d because in the grand jury room Johnson told the truth\nabout certain elements in baseball, which was held to reflect on\nNational League members. What those elements are may be gathered from a\nsurvey of the people who were interested in \u201cgetting\u201d Johnson. Johnson\nis anything but anti-Semitic. He probably has never stopped to think\nabout such a thing. He has never been known to attack Jews as Jews. But\nhe has stood for straight baseball, and for so standing he has won the\nenmity of the Jews in baseball. These facts are sufficient to justify a\nconclusion.\n\nSo, with Johnson left to head only the American League and not both\nleagues, the next task was to select the new autocrat of baseball. Not a\ncommission this time, but one man! With all his power, Johnson was never\nmore than one of a commission; but the \u201cLasker Plan\u201d disposes of such\nsafeguards and leaves the whole authority in one man\u2019s hands. It will be\ninteresting to see who becomes the second incumbent of that office, if\nindeed the \u201cLasker Plan\u201d lasts long enough to warrant a second autocrat.\n\nGentle reader, do you suppose for a moment that the Jews who opposed\nJohnson did not know who the new leader would be? Ah, well they knew! He\nwas to be a man outside both leagues. And he was to be a man whom the\nJews would just as soon have off the bench as on it. He was, indeed,\nnone other than Judge Landis, who can be trusted to see through a trick\nas far as any other living man.\n\nOf course, he would accept a $42,500 job, he who was receiving only\n$7,500 a year! And, of course, he would resign from the bench!\u2014thus the\ncoterie reasoned.\n\nThey trooped over to the court to interview the judge. They made so much\ncommotion on their entry that the gavel was banged for order. The\ninterview was held. Judge Landis agreed to accept. This news was widely\nheralded. The judge tied them down to a seven-year contract. It was\nassumed in all the interviews in all the newspapers that the judge would\nresign. It was assumed he would devote the rest of his life to baseball.\n\nThe baseball magnates signed up under the \u201cLasker Plan\u201d put across by\nAustrian.\n\nJudge Landis also signed.\n\nAnd then he remained on the bench!\n\nThe reader no doubt remembers how quickly enthusiasm for Judge Landis\ndied down in certain quarters; remembers, too, no doubt, that _a fight\nwas started immediately afterward in the United States Congress to force\nJudge Landis off the bench_\u2014not to make him give up the dictatorship of\nbaseball, but to make him quit the bench.\n\nAnd be this said: in spite of all the collusion and conspiracy and\ntrickery, of which Judge Landis was the unconscious object, baseball\nfell into the hands of a man who will be just as jealous for its good\nname as Ban Johnson was. The Austrian-Lasker-Dreyfuss plan has so far\nfailed. And Judge Landis has rendered several decisions which show that\non the bench or off the bench he has the same shrewd eye for the\ndetection of a fallacy.\n\nJudge Landis is safeguarded by a seven-year contract. He is free to be\nabsolutely fearless and fair. What his accession means to baseball will\nbe anxiously awaited.\n\nJudge Landis is probably not empowered to stop the steady falling of\nbaseball clubs into Jewish hands, and if this cannot be stopped, his\nposition as supreme dictator becomes little better than that of a police\ncourt judge settling disputes relating to the rules and offenses against\nthem. The peril of baseball goes deeper than that.\n\nA few years ago the owners of the American League entered into a\ngentleman\u2019s agreement not to sell their holdings at any time without\nfirst consulting all the other owners. The name of a prospective\npurchaser was to be submitted and considered, and the deal was to wait\nupon the approval of all the owners in the league.\n\nIn the face of that fact many people wonder how Harry Frazee became\nowner of the Boston American club. It is very simply explained: the\nagreement was not observed in Boston\u2019s case, and thus another club was\nplaced under the smothering influences of the \u201cchosen race.\u201d The story\nis worth telling:\n\nFrazee, like so many of his kind, was in the \u201cshow business,\u201d a manager\nof burlesque companies. Then he saw a chance in sport. In partnership\nwith Jack Curley, another Jew, he put on the notoriously crooked fight\nbetween Jack Johnson and Jess Willard at Havana. Curley has been the\nprincipal influence in killing wrestling, by precisely the kind of\nJewish policy here described.\n\nJack Johnson, the Negro, was a fugitive from justice, yet he was\nchampion prize fighter of the world. He was spending money like a wild\nsailor, and his funds were running low. He was getting into precisely\nthe condition where Jews like to find a man, to use him. Unable to fight\nin the United States, but still possessing the championship, he was in\nneed of a way out. At this time Frazee and Curley made a proposition to\nJohnson, said to involve the sum of $35,000, if he would \u201clay down\u201d\nbefore Jess Willard. And thus Jess Willard, \u201cprobably the worst fighter\nthat ever held a title,\u201d was made world champion. Frazee and Curley then\nexhibited Willard on the stage and in circuses, and drew rich dividends.\nThe crooked fight at Havana did not involve Willard, he was too poor a\nfighter to need \u201cfixing.\u201d Only Johnson had to be \u201cfixed\u201d not to knock\nWillard out, which he could easily have done. But between the time when\nCurley and Frazee gave Willard the title, and the time when Dempsey took\nit away from him, the Jewish syndicate made a very rich killing out of\nthe gullible American public.\n\nBut Curley is not the subject here, he deserves a separate story. Frazee\nconcerns this article because he became owner of the Boston baseball\nteam. He bought a new show\u2014the Boston club, in the best baseball city of\nthe American League. John J. Lannin, former owner, was a real baseball\nman, so much so indeed that the excitement of the games told on his\nhealth and it became necessary for him to relieve himself of the strain.\nFrazee was waiting to cut in, and whether Lannin feared that the\nproposal of Frazee\u2019s name to the American League would result in\ndisapproval, or whether Frazee himself, knowing it, contrived to make it\nworth while that the agreement between the American League owners should\nbe ignored, remains an open question.\n\nHowever that may be, the American League woke up one morning to find the\nlittle burlesque manager and promoter of a crooked prize fight in their\nmidst. It was a sad shock to the dignity of \u201cthe cleanest sport.\u201d\n\nWhat could they do about it? Nothing. Frazee had bought and paid for\nwhat he held.\n\nBaseball was about as much of a sport to Frazee as selling tickets to a\nmerry-go-round would be. He wanted to put his team across as if they\nwere May Watson\u2019s girly girly burlesquers. Baseball was to be \u201cpromoted\u201d\nas Jewish managers promote Coney Island.\n\nThe American League owners rebelled, but let them rebel! What could they\ndo about it?\n\nFrazee began his next inside work almost immediately. Ban Johnson was\nunalterably opposed to the Frazee idea of sport, and Frazee set out to\n\u201cget\u201d Johnson. A split occurred in the American League, with Frazee, Til\nHuston and Jake Ruppert of the New York Club, and Charles A. Comiskey\nand Grabiner, of the Chicago Club, on one side against Johnson, and the\nother American owners comprising the other party supporting Johnson.\n\nFrazee got money out of Chicago\u2014the home of Lasker, Austrian, Replogle\nand Grabiner\u2014to put through his Boston deal. A bank loaned him a quarter\nof a million dollars\u2014one of Frazee\u2019s friends was a director of the bank.\nFrazee\u2019s friend died and Frazee had difficulty with the bank about\nremaking the notes. He finally was enabled to pay $125,000. Frazee\nsecured this money from the New York American Club by selling \u201cBabe\u201d\nRuth. Thus the New York and the Boston clubs have become financially\ninterwoven. Boston is referred to as \u201cNew York\u2019s farm\u201d in baseball\ncircles.\n\nIn the meantime, the fans of Boston feel toward Frazee as the fans of\nChicago feel toward Grabiner. The \u201cclass\u201d of Boston no longer flows\nthrough the gates. The attendance at Boston park is smaller than at any\nother time in the last 15 years.\n\nNow, it is unlikely that Judge Landis could tackle that question. Has he\npower, or lacking power, has he daring enough to assume power to drive\nthe peril away from the ownership and fringes of baseball? It is\nprobably not his field, but it pertains to the future character of\nbaseball.\n\nThe Chicago American League Club is the most recent to attract the\ndesire of Jewish capital. The Ascher brothers of that city have offered\n$1,500,000 for the club franchise. The Ascher brothers comprise a Jewish\nfamily, Max, Nathan and Harry, who conduct a string of motion picture\ntheaters in Chicago. They have erected their own theatrical circuit.\nLike Frazee, they wish to add baseball to their string of \u201cshow\nbusinesses,\u201d and are willing to pay the price. At the time of this\nwriting, their offer has not been turned down.\n\nBut a significant development\u2014and in Chicago also\u2014is the announcements\nmade by the Chicago _Tribune_ that it will curtail the space heretofore\ndevoted to baseball on its sport pages. This, more than anything which\nhas occurred, indicates the new scrutiny with which the game is being\nviewed. For a long time many observers have wondered where the \u201csport\u201d\nwas found in sitting on a bleacher watching a few men earn their\nsalaries. Hours thus spent in a ball park \u201cdo not take anything off the\nwaistline of the spectators nor add anything to chest measurement,\u201d says\nthe _Tribune_; \u201cthe majority of spectators get only eye and mouth\nexercise.\u201d \u201cJournalism has overfed it with space,\u201d the _Tribune_ rightly\nsays, referring to professional baseball. In ruining baseball and\nsecuring control, the Jews may be just in time to take a loss. Better no\nbaseball than every park an afternoon midway filled with the alien and\nRed elements of the country.\n\nThere is, however, a baseball duty devolving upon the police of every\ncity, and that is the abolition of the Jew-controlled baseball pool.\nGambling has grown up round the \u201ccleanest game\u201d to the extent of\n$20,000,000 a year. It flourishes in 150 cities in the country, and in\nmany small towns. The \u201cboobs,\u201d of course, are mostly non-Jews, the\nowners and profit-takers are Jews. It is as much a part of the national\nnetwork of the Jewish gambling fraternity as are booze-running and\nhorse-racing. The baseball pool runs more openly than the \u201cbooks\u201d\nbecause the very name \u201cbaseball\u201d has seemed to give it the protection of\n\u201cthe cleanest sport.\u201d However, it has turned cigar-stores, barber shops,\npool rooms, near-beer saloons, and newspaper stands into agencies for\nthe national and international Jewish gambling forces. The bettor is\nentirely at the mercy of the managers of these pools.\n\nThese dishonest money-collecting devices are in violation of the law\neverywhere. The police could put them out of business easily if they\nshould decide to give their attention to it. And thereby they would be\ntaking the hands of a most undesirable alien class out of the pockets of\nthe American people.\n\nIf baseball is to be saved, and there are those who seriously doubt it\never can be restored, the remedy is plain. The disease is caused by the\nJewish characteristic which spoils everything by ruthless commercial\nexploitation. The disease may be too far gone for any cure. There are\nthose who, like the Chicago _Tribune_, deny that professional baseball\never was a sport, and who are glad that Jewish exploiters, like\nscavengers, have come along to reduce it to garbage. But there is no\ndoubt anywhere, among either friends or critics of baseball, that the\nroot cause of the present condition is due to Jewish influence.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of September 10, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                 XLVII.\n                 Jewish Jazz Becomes Our National Music\n\n\nAbout a year ago the following article appeared in the New York _Times_,\na newspaper that has never been accused of anti-Semitism, and whose\nproprietor is one of the best-known Jews in the United States:\n\n  \u201cIrving Berlin, Leo Feist and other officers of seven music\n  publishing corporations in this city were charged with violating the\n  Sherman anti-trust law in an equity suit begun yesterday in the\n  Federal District Court by the United States Government. The\n  defendants, it was alleged, controlled 80 per cent of the available\n  copyrighted songs used by manufacturers of phonographs, player piano\n  rolls and other musical reproducing instruments, and fixed prices at\n  which the records or rolls were to be sold to the public....\n\n  \u201cThe corporations involved in the action were the Consolidated Music\n  Corporation, 144 West Thirty-seventh street; Irving Berlin, Inc.,\n  1567 Broadway; Leo Feist, Inc., 231 West Fortieth street; T. B.\n  Harms, Francis, Day and Hunter, Inc., 62 West Forty-fifth street;\n  Shapiro, Bernstein & Company, 218 West Forty-seventh street;\n  Watterson, Berlin & Snyder, Inc., 1571 Broadway, and M. Witmark &\n  Sons, Inc., 144 West Thirty-seventh street.\n\n  \u201cThe agreement which the government seeks to dissolve is alleged to\n  provide that the defendants would make contracts only through the\n  Consolidated Music Corporation which they had organized....\u201d\n\nMany people have wondered whence come the waves upon waves of musical\nslush that invade decent parlors and set the young people of this\ngeneration imitating the drivel of morons. A clue to the answer is in\nthe above clipping. _Popular Music is a Jewish monopoly._ Jazz is a\nJewish creation. The mush, the slush, the sly suggestion, the abandoned\nsensuousness of sliding notes, are of Jewish origin.\n\nMonkey talk, jungle squeals, grunts and squeaks and gasps suggestive of\ncave love are camouflaged by a few feverish notes and admitted to homes\nwhere the thing itself, unaided by the piano, would be stamped out in\nhorror. Girls and boys a little while ago were inquiring who paid Mrs.\nRip Van Winkle\u2019s rent while Mr. Rip Van Winkle was away. In decent\nparlors the fluttering music sheets disclosed expressions taken directly\nfrom the cesspools of modern capitals, to be made the daily slang, the\nthoughtlessly hummed remarks of high school boys and girls.\n\nThe United States Government alleged, in the above complaint, that 80\nper cent of these popular songs was under the control of the seven\nJewish houses named above; and the other 20 per cent controlled by other\nJewish music houses not included in that special group.\n\nIt is rather surprising, is it not, that whichever way you turn to trace\nthe harmful streams of influence that flow through society, you come\nupon a group of Jews? In baseball corruption\u2014a group of Jews. In\nexploitative finance\u2014a group of Jews. In theatrical degeneracy\u2014a group\nof Jews. In liquor propaganda\u2014a group of Jews. In control of national\nwar policies\u2014a group of Jews. Absolutely dominating the wireless\ncommunications of the world\u2014a group of Jews. In the menace of the\nMovies\u2014a group of Jews. In control of the Press through business and\nfinancial pressure\u2014a group of Jews. War profiteers, 80 per cent of\nthem\u2014Jews. Organizers of active opposition to Christian laws and\ncustoms\u2014Jews. And now, in this miasma of so-called popular music, which\ncombines weak-mindedness with every suggestion of lewdness\u2014again Jews.\n\nThe Jewish influence on American music is, without doubt, regarded as\nserious by those who know anything about it. Not only is there a growing\nprotest against the Judaization of our few great orchestras, but there\nis a strong reaction from the racial collusion which fills the concert\nstage and popular platform with Jewish artists to the exclusion of all\nothers.\n\nThe American people have been urged and chided and shamed into the\nbeginning of a rather generous popular support of music in this country,\nand the first thing they see for their money is that Jewish artists\nsupplant the non-Jewish artists, and use the prestige of their\nmembership in symphony orchestras to work various small business schemes\nof their own. If they were superior artists, nothing against it could be\nsaid, but they are not superior artists; they are only better known and\nracially favored in Jewish musical circles.\n\nThat, however, is a big subject. It will receive attention in its turn.\nJust now it is the \u201cpopular song\u201d that is being considered. However, as\nsomething which true lovers and knowers of music may meditate upon in\nview of future studies of Jewish influence in music, this observation is\noffered (the italics are ours):\n\n  \u201c_Meanwhile the Oriental, especially the Jewish, injection in our\n  music_, seemingly less widespread than the German was or the French\n  is, _may prove even more virulent_. Those not temperamentally immune\n  to it catch it less severely, like Mr. Leo Ornstein; and if they\n  ever throw it off, as he has given some signs of doing, seem to be\n  left devoid of energy and, as it were, permanently anemic.\n\n  \u201c_The insidiousness of the Jewish menace to our artistic integrity_\n  is due partly to the speciousness, the superficial charm and\n  persuasiveness of Hebrew art, its brilliance, its violently\n  juxtaposed extremes of passion, its poignant eroticism and\n  pessimism, and partly to the fact that the strain in us which might\n  make head against it, the deepest, most fundamental strain perhaps\n  in our mixed nature, is diluted and confused by a hundred other\n  tendencies.\n\n  \u201cThe _Anglo-Saxon group of qualities_, the Anglo-Saxon point of\n  view, even though they are so thoroughly disguised, in a people\n  descended from every race, that we easily forget them, and it is not\n  safe to predicate them of any individual American, _are nevertheless\n  the vital nucleus of the American temper_. _And the Jewish\n  domination of our music_, even more than the Teutonic and the\n  Gallic, _threatens to submerge and stultify them at every point_.\u201d\n\n\u201cLet me make a nation\u2019s songs and I care not who makes the laws,\u201d said\none; in this country the Jews have had a very large hand in making both.\n\nIt is the purpose of this and the succeeding article to put Americans in\nfull possession of the truth concerning the moron music which they\nhabitually hum and sing and shout day by day, and if possible to help\nthem to see the invisible Jewish baton which is waved above them for\nfinancial and propaganda purposes.\n\nJust as the American stage and the American motion picture have fallen\nunder the influence and control of the Jews and their art-destroying\ncommercialism, so the business of handling \u201cpopular songs\u201d has become a\nYiddish industry.\n\nIts leaders are for the most part Russian-born Jews, some of whom have\npersonal pasts which are just as unsavory as THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT\nhas shown the pasts of certain Jewish theatrical and movie leaders to\nbe.\n\nThe country does not sing what it likes, but what the vaudeville \u201csong\npluggers\u201d popularize by repeated renditions on the stage, until the\nflabby mind of the \u201cten-twent\u2019-thirt\u2019\u201d audiences begin to repeat it on\nthe streets. These \u201csong pluggers\u201d are the paid agents of the Yiddish\nsong agencies. Money, and not merit, dominates the spread of the moron\nmusic which is styled \u201cJewish Jazz.\u201d Of the business details, however,\nmore later.\n\nTin Pan Alley, so-called because it constitutes a group of \u201csong shops,\u201d\nis populated by the \u201cAbies\u201d and \u201cIzzies\u201d and \u201cMoes\u201d who make up the\ncomposing staffs of the various institutions.\n\nIn this business of making the people\u2019s songs, the Jews have shown, as\nusual, no originality but very much adaptability\u2014which is a charitable\nterm used to cover plagiarism, which in its turn politely covers the\ncrime of mental pocket-picking. The Jews do not create; they take what\nothers have done, give it a clever twist, and exploit it. They have\nbought up all the old hymn books, opera scores and collections of folk\nsongs, and if you stop to analyze some of the biggest \u201chits\u201d of the\nYiddish song manufacturers, you will find they are woven on the motif\nand the melody of the clean songs of the last generation; the music\njazzed a little, the sentiment sensualized very much, and set upon their\nsmutty road, across the country.\n\nBecause of absolute Jewish control of the song market, both in\npublishing and in theatrical performance, it is next to impossible for\nanything but a Jewish song to be published in the United States or, if\npublished, to get a hearing. The proof of this is in the fact that the\nYiddish trust owns the business and the so-called \u201csong hits\u201d all bear\nJewish names.\n\nA typical incident occurred in New York recently. A non-Jewish song\ncomposer had produced work of such commanding merit that musical\nsentiment demanded its public rendition. Jewish manager after Jewish\nmanager was approached, but the combination was unbreakable. Finally,\none New Yorker talked out and said something about \u201cJewish combine,\u201d\nwhich had its effect. A Jewish manager protested that he would be glad\nto give the work to the public. Rehearsals were held and the night of\npresentation arrived. The first number was a solo and a Jew appeared to\nsing it. He could not pronounce English words. He sang through his nose.\nHe was most Yiddish in appearance, the long nose, with narrow, sloping\nforehead, curly hair. The second number was a duet, and behold two Jews\nappeared, whose pronunciations differed between themselves. The\nperformance was a most hilarious tragedy. The purpose was to kill a\nnon-Jewish product by a poor Jewish rendition. But\u2014the Jewish manager\noverdid it. It needed just that to bring non-Jewish musical\nconsciousness to the surface and to explode the advertised and\nmoney-bought notion that the Jew has predominant artistic genius. Say\nthat he predominates in music\u2014yes; he has paid for and organized that\npredominance; do not, however, say anything about his predominance in\nmusical genius or art.\n\nNon-Jewish music has been stigmatized as \u201chigh brow.\u201d It is purveyable\nonly in expensively good society. The people, the masses, are fed from\nday to day on the moron suggestiveness that flows in a hurtful flood out\nof Tin Pan Alley.\n\nTin Pan Alley is the name given to the region in Twenty-eighth street,\nbetween Broadway and Sixth avenue, where the first Yiddish song\nmanufacturers began business. Flocks of young girls who thought they\ncould sing, and others who thought they could write song poems, came to\nthe neighborhood allured by dishonest advertisements that promised more\nthan the budding Yiddish exploiters were able to fulfill. Needless to\nsay, scandal became rampant, as it always does where so-called \u201cGentile\u201d\ngirls are reduced to the necessity of seeking favors from the eastern\ntype of Jew. It was the constant shouting of voices, the hilarity of\n\u201cparties,\u201d the banging of pianos and the blatting of trombones that gave\nthe district the name of Tin Pan Alley.\n\nThe first attempt to popularize and commercialize the so-called\n\u201cpopular\u201d type of music was made by Julius Witmark, who had been a\nballad singer on the minstrel stage. He ceased performing to become a\npublisher, and was soon followed by East Side Jews, many of whom have\nbecome wealthy through their success in pandering to a public taste\nwhich they first debased.\n\nIrving Berlin, whose real name is Ignatz or Isadore Baline, is one of\nthe most successful of these Jewish song controllers. He was born in\nRussia and early became a singer and entertainer. With the rise of\n\u201cragtime,\u201d which was the predecessor of \u201cjazz,\u201d he found a new field for\nhis nimble talents, and his first big success was \u201cAlexander\u2019s ragtime\nBand\u201d\u2014a popular piece which by comparison with what has followed it, is\na blushing, modest thing.\n\nIt was worth noting, in view of the organized eagerness of the Jew to\nmake an alliance with the Negro, that it was Jewish \u201cjazz\u201d that rode in\nupon the wave of Negro \u201cragtime\u201d popularity, and eventually displaced\nthe \u201cragtime.\u201d\n\nBerlin has steadily gone the road from mere interestingness to unashamed\nerotic suggestion. He is the \u201cheadliner\u201d in homes as well as in the\nnot-too-particular music halls, but his stuff without its music\nsometimes savors of vile suggestion.\n\nThe motif of this business can be clearly seen in the \u201cBerlin Big Hits.\u201d\nThere are the so-called \u201cvamp\u201d songs, such as \u201cHarem Life,\u201d and \u201cYou\nCannot Make Your Shimmy Shake on Tea.\u201d\n\nAmong the \u201csuccesses\u201d is the song entitled, \u201cI Like It.\u201d It is a \u201cvamp\u201d\nsong which has been sung everywhere, even by myriads of children who\ncould not appreciate the full suggestion of the words, but were\nhypnotized by the atmosphere which the words created when sung; and by\nolder folks who would not under any circumstances _speak_ the words of\nthe song, but who are victims of the modern delusion that a little\nflashy music covers a multitude of sins. \u201cI Like It\u201d deals with a girl,\n\u201cMary Green, seventeen,\u201d whose mother reproves her for flirting with the\nboys. (In the writing of this paragraph it was debated whether THE\nDEARBORN INDEPENDENT should print what Mary replies to her mother. It\nwas argued that printing the words might give a salutary shock to\nskeptical readers. It was also argued that the pages of this paper never\nyet had been defiled by obscenity. Mary\u2019s words, sung broadcast through\nthe country, are therefore not given here.)\n\nReaders should reserve comment until they search the piles of moron\nmusic rubbish in their own parlors. Readers have listened to much worse\nstuff than Mary\u2019s words, but covered by Yiddish \u201cjazz.\u201d It takes cold\ntype to show what a song really is. A good test for a song is to try to\nread it aloud. Few normal people can.\n\n\u201cO-Hi-O,\u201d as sung by Yiddish comedians, has a stench of its own. It may\nbe commented on more extensively later as an example of the Yiddish\npractice of having three grades of the same song, to suit different\ndegrees of degenerate appetites.\n\nSuch songs are not the worst, by any means. Jewish purveyors to\ndegenerate appetites have a peculiarly devilish system of presenting the\nsame song in two or three grades. There will be the song as it is sold\nat the music store to addle-pated young men and women who fill their\nleisure with hearing or humming this syncopated senility\u2014young men and\nwomen who pitiably imagine they are keeping up with the times. The songs\nthus sold and sung are rotten enough. But there is the same song, Class\n2. The theme and the melody are the same, but it goes \u201ca little\nfurther.\u201d There is a line or two in each stanza which dips below even\nthe low standard which Jewish \u201cjazz\u201d has permitted in some of our\nparlors. And then there is Class 3\u2014same theme, same melody\u2014but \u201cgoing\nthe limit.\u201d\n\nYoung men about town usually know Class 2 and Class 3. The instance has\nbeen known that young women have become acquainted with these lower\ngrades also. Forgetfulness by young men while singing at the piano\nevenings has given hints of the filthier version. And even where version\n1 has been strictly adhered to, the mutual knowledge, politely\nconcealed, has created an atmosphere far from wholesome.\n\nThe diabolical cunning with which an unclean atmosphere is created and\nsustained through all classes of society and by the same influence, will\nnot be overlooked by any observer. There is something Satanic about it,\nsomething calculated with demonic shrewdness. And the stream flows on\nand on, growing worse and worse, to the degradation of the non-Jewish\npublic and the increase of Jewish fortunes.\n\nIf THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT were to print on this page the bare words of\nthe popular songs that are to be found in the parlors of the most\nrespectable section of every city, the reader\u2019s sense of decency would\ncry out against it. The same words when drawn out by numerous hyphens\nand covered up with nervous music, insinuate their way into the hummed\ntones of age and into the lilts of innocent childhood. Between the\nmovies and the popular songs the Jewish groups dictate the intellectual\nlife of the masses.\n\nAmong the latest Jewish \u201csong hits\u201d may be included these titles: \u201cI\u2019ll\nSay She Does\u201d; \u201cYou Cannot Shake That Shimmy Here\u201d; \u201cSugar Baby\u201d; \u201cIn\nRoom 202\u201d; \u201cCan You Tame Wild Wimmen?\u201d and an almost endless list of the\nsame nature, some of which titles are too suggestive for print. Yet they\nhave free course everywhere\u2014as everything Jewish does, in this country.\n\nMinisters, educators, reformers, parents, citizens who are amazed at the\ngrowth of looseness among the people, rail at the evil results. They see\nthe evil product and they attack the product. They rail at the young\npeople who go in for all this eroticism and suggestiveness.\n\nBut all this has a source! Why not attack the source? When a population\nis bathed in sights, sounds and ideas of a certain character, drenched\nin them and drowned in them, by systematic, deliberate, organized\nintent, the point of attack should be the cause, not the effect. Yet,\nthat is precisely where the point of attack has not been made,\npresumably because of lack of knowledge.\n\nIt is of little use blaming the people. The people are what they are\nmade. Give the liquor business full sway and you have a population that\ndrinks and carouses. After preaching abstinence to the victims for a\ncentury, the country turned its attention to the victimizers and the\nabuse was greatly curtailed. The traffic is still illicitly carried on,\nbut even so, the best way to abolish the illicit traffic is to identify\nthe groups that carry it on.\n\nThe entire population of the United States could be turned into narcotic\naddicts if the same freedom was given the illicit narcotic ring as is\nnow given the Yiddish popular song manufacturers. But in such a\ncondition it would be stupid to attack the addicts; common sense would\nurge the exposure of the panderers.\n\nA dreadful narcotizing of moral modesty and the application of powerful\naphrodisiacs have been involved in the present craze for popular songs\u2014a\nstimulated craze. The victims are everywhere. But ministers, educators,\nreformers, parents, and public-spirited citizens are beginning to see\nthe futility of scolding the young people thus diseased. Common sense\ndictates a cleaning out of the source of disease. The source is in the\nYiddish group of song manufacturers who control the whole output and who\nare responsible for the whole matter from poetry to profits.\n\nNext to the moral indictment against the so-called \u201cpopular\u201d song is the\nindictment that _it is not popular_. Everybody hears it, perhaps the\nmajority sing it; it makes its way from coast to coast; it is flung into\nthe people\u2019s minds at every movie and from every stage; it is advertised\nin flaring posters; phonograph records shriek it forth day and night,\ndance orchestras seem enamored of it, player pianos roll it out by the\nyard. And by sheer dint of repetition and suggestion the song catches\non\u2014as a burr thistle catches on; until it is displaced by another. There\nis no spontaneous popularity.\n\nIt is a mere mechanical drumming on the minds of the public. There is\noften not a single atom of sentiment or spiritual appeal in the whole\nloudly trumpeted \u201csuccess\u201d; men and women, boys and girls have simply\ntaken to humming words and tunes which they cannot escape, night or day.\n\nThe deadly anxiety of \u201ckeeping up with the times\u201d drives the army of\npiano-owners to the music stores to see what is \u201cgoing\u201d now, and of\ncourse it is the Yiddish moron music that is going, and so another home\nand eventually another neighborhood is inoculated.\n\nBut there is no _popularity_. Take any moron music addict you know and\nask him what was the \u201cpopular\u201d song three weeks ago, and he will not be\nable to tell. These songs are so lacking in all that the term \u201cpopular\u201d\nmeans as regards their acceptableness, that they die overnight,\nunregretted. Directly the Yiddish manufacturers have another \u201chit\u201d to\nmake (it is always the public that is \u201chit\u201d) a new song is crammed down\nthe public gullet, and because it is the \u201clatest,\u201d and because the\nYiddish advertisements say that it is a \u201chit,\u201d and because the hired\n\u201cpluggers\u201d say that everybody is singing it, that song too becomes\n\u201cpopular\u201d for its brief period, and so on through the year. It is the\nold game of \u201cchanging the styles\u201d to speed up business and make the\npeople buy. Nothing lasts in the Yiddish game\u2014styles of clothing, movies\nnor songs; it is always something new, to stimulate the flow of money\nfrom the popular pocket into the moron music makers\u2019 coffers.\n\nThere hasn\u2019t been a real \u201cpopular\u201d song of Yiddish origin since the\nJewish whistlers and back-alley songsters of New York\u2019s East Side\nundertook to handle musical America\u2014not one, unless we except in genuine\ngratitude George Cohan\u2019s \u201cOver There\u201d, a song which came out of a period\nof strain and went straight to the people\u2019s heart.\n\nTwo facts about the \u201cpopular song\u201d are known to all: first, that for the\nmost part it is indecent and the most active agent of moral miasma in\nthe country, or if not the most active, then neck and neck with the\n\u201cmovies\u201d; second, that the \u201cpopular song\u201d industry is an exclusively\nJewish industry. But the inside story of the operation of this control\nof the people\u2019s music presents other facts which the people ought to\nknow, and these additional facts will appear in another article.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of August 6, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                XLVIII.\n                How the Jewish Song Trust Makes You Sing\n\n\nJews did not create the popular song; they debased it. The time of the\nentry of Jews into control of the popular song is the exact time when\nthe morality of popular songs began to decline. It is not a pleasant\nstatement to make, but it is a fact. It would seem to be a fact of which\nAmerican Jews ought to take solemn cognizance, not to anathematize those\nwho do service by exposing the fact, but to curb that group of Jews who,\nin this instance, as do other groups of Jews in other instances, bring a\nstain upon the Jewish name.\n\nThe \u201cpopular\u201d song, before it became a Jewish industry, was really\npopular. The people sang it and had no reason to conceal it. The popular\nsong of today is often so questionable a composition that performers\nwith a vestige of delicacy must appraise their audience before they\nsing. There are songs and choruses that can be purchased in any\nreputable music store and found in many reputable parlors which cannot\nbe printed in this column of THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT. If they were\nprinted here, \u201cGentile fronts\u201d would be the first to complain that this\npaper was using obscenity to give interest to these articles. Yet, if\nthose songs were printed, this paper would be doing nothing more than\nfollowing its policy of going to Jewish sources for its material.\n\nAmericans of adult age will remember the stages through which the\npopular song has passed during the past three or four decades. War songs\npersisted after the Civil War and were gradually intermingled with songs\nof a later time, picturesque, romantic, clean.\n\nThese latter were not the product of song factories, but the creation of\nindividuals whose gifts were given natural expression. These individuals\ndid not work for publishers but for the satisfaction of their work.\nThere were no great fortunes made out of songs, but there were many\nsatisfactions in having pleased the public taste.\n\nThe public taste, like every other taste, craves what is given it most\nto feed upon. Public taste is public habit. The public is blind to the\nsource of that upon which it lives, and it adjusts itself to the supply.\nPublic taste is raised or lowered as the quality of its pabulum improves\nor degenerates. In a quarter of a century, given all the avenues of\npublicity like theater, movie, popular song, saloon and newspaper\u2014in the\nmeantime having thrown the mantle of contempt over all counteractive\nmoral agencies\u2014you can turn out nearly the kind of public you want. It\ntakes just about a quarter of a century to do a good job.\n\nIn other days the people sang as they do now, but not in such doped\nfashion nor with such bewildering continuity. They sang songs\nnonsensical, sentimental and heroic, but the \u201cshady\u201d songs were\noutlawed. If sung at all, the \u201cshady\u201d songs were kept far from the\nsociety of decent people. Like the styles of the demimonde that formerly\nwere seen only in the abandoned sections of cities, the songs of smut\nhad their geographical confinement, but like the fashions of the\ndemimonde they broke out of their confines to spread among polite\nsociety.\n\nThe old songs come readily back to memory. Though years have intervened\nsince they were the fashion, yet their quality was such that they do not\ndie. The popular song of last month\u2014who knows its name? But there are\nsongs of long ago whose titles are familiar even to those who have not\nsung them.\n\nRecall their names\u2014\u201cListen to the Mocking Bird\u201d\u2014what song today has been\nboosted to general acceptance on such a simple theme? The only \u201cbirds\u201d\nthe people are encouraged to sing about today are \u201cflappers\u201d and\n\u201cchickens.\u201d\n\nAnd there were \u201cBen Bolt\u201d; \u201cNellie Gray\u201d; \u201cJuanita\u201d; \u201cThe Old Folks at\nHome\u201d; \u201cThe Hazel Dell\u201d; \u201cWhen You and I Were Young, Maggie\u201d; \u201cSilver\nThreads Among the Gold.\u201d What margin did these songs leave for the\nsuggestive, for the unwholesomely emotional?\n\nIn those days the people sang; they sang together; they sang wherever\nthey met; it was the days of that now extinct institution known as \u201cthe\nsinging school.\u201d People could sing together. The songs were common\nproperty, known to everybody, proper to everybody.\n\nIs there such singing today? Hardly. At a recent meeting of young men in\na church the chorus, \u201cHail, Hail, the Gang\u2019s All Here\u201d was called for,\nand the chairman in agreeing called out \u201cMustn\u2019t say the naughty word!\u201d\nWith that warning the chorus was given. In calling for public singing\nthere is an immediate uneasiness about possible indecency. There was not\nthis uneasiness before the days of Jewish jazz.\n\nIn course of time the fashion of public song underwent a change. An\nentirely new crop of titles appeared, dealing with an entirely different\nseries of subjects than the songs they displaced.\n\nIt was the period of \u201cAnnie Rooney\u201d; \u201cDown Went McGinty to the Bottom of\nthe Sea\u201d; \u201cShe\u2019s Only a Bird in a Gilded Cage\u201d; \u201cAfter the Ball is\nOver\u201d\u2014all of them clean, lighter than the preceding fashion in songs,\nbut just as clean, and also giving a true touch to life.\n\nSentiment was not lacking, but it was the unobjectionable sentiment of\n\u201cMy Wild Irish Rose\u201d or \u201cIn the Baggage Coach Ahead.\u201d\n\nThe non-Jewish period was marked by songs like these: \u201cOn the Banks of\nthe Wabash,\u201d by Paul Dresser; \u201cIn the Shade of the Old Apple Tree\u201d;\n\u201cWhen the Sunset Turns the Ocean\u2019s Blue to Gold\u201d; \u201cDown by the Old Mill\nStream\u201d; \u201cMy Sweetheart\u2019s the Man in the Moon,\u201d by Jim Thornton; \u201cThe\nSidewalks of New York,\u201d by Charles Lawlor.\n\nThere was also the \u201cwestern\u201d and \u201cIndian\u201d strain of songs, represented\nby \u201cCheyenne, Cheyenne, Hop on My Pony\u201d; \u201cArawanna\u201d; \u201cTrail of the\nLonesome Pine.\u201d\n\nThen came the African period, being the entrance of the jungle motif,\nthe so-called \u201cCongo\u201d stuff into popular pieces. \u201cHigh Up in the\nCocoanut Tree,\u201d \u201cUnder the Bamboo Tree,\u201d and other compositions which\nswiftly degenerated into a rather more bestial type than the beasts\nthemselves arrive at.\n\nRunning alongside all this was the \u201cragtime\u201d style of music which was a\nlegitimate development of Negro minstrelsy. Lyrics practically\ndisappeared before the numerous \u201ccake walk\u201d songs that deluged the\npublic ear. \u201cThere\u2019ll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight\u201d\u2014the\nmarching song of the Spanish-American War, belongs to that period. The\n\u201cblack and tan\u201d resorts of the South began to reign over the nation\u2019s\nmusic both North and South. Seductive syncopation captured the public\near. The term, \u201cma baby,\u201d brought in on the flood of Negro melody has\nremained in uncultivated musical speech ever since. Minstrelsy took on\nnew life. \u201cPiano acts\u201d made their appearance. \u201cJazz bands\u201d were the\nrage.\n\nBy insensible gradations, now easily traceable through the litter of\nsongs with which recent decades are strewn, we have been able to see the\ngradual decline in the popular song supply. Sentiment has been turned\ninto sensuous suggestion. Romance has been turned into eroticism. The\npopular lilt slid into ragtime, and ragtime has been superseded by jazz.\nSong topics became lower and lower until at last they were dredges of\nthe slimy bottom of the underworld.\n\nThe first self-styled \u201cKing of Jazz\u201d was a Jew named \u201cFrisco.\u201d The\ngeneral directors of the whole downward trend have been Jews. It needed\njust their touch of cleverness to camouflage the moral filth and raise\nit half a degree above that natural stage where it begets nothing but\ndisgust. They cannot gild the lily, but they can veil the skunk-cabbage,\nand that is exactly what has been done. The modern popular song is a\nwhited sepulcher, sparkling without, but within full of the dead bones\nof all the old disgusting indecencies. Plain print returns them to their\nrightful status of disgust.\n\nWe are now in the period of \u201cThe Vamp\u201d\u2014that great modern goddess upon\nwhom tens of thousands of silly girls are modeling themselves\u2014\u201cThe\nVamp.\u201d The original \u201cvamp\u201d is to be found in a forbidden French novel\nupon which Morris Gest founded his grossly immoral spectacle called\n\u201cAphrodite.\u201d In the Jewish popular song and the Jewish motion picture\nfilm a unity has at last been reached in \u201cThe Vamp.\u201d The vamp heroine\nand the harem scene\u2014a fitting climax!\n\nThere is work here for the Anti-Defamation League. That league knows how\nto put the screws on anyone who disparages the Jews. From important New\nYork publishers, down to inconsequential country newspapers, the\nAnti-Defamation League makes its power felt. There is work for it in the\nmovies and the popular song industry. Why does not the league put the\nscrews on those Jews who have degenerated the movies and debauched the\npopular song movement and thus brought shame upon the racial name? Why\nnot? Is it possible that only the non-Jews are to be controlled, and\nJews let to run loose? Is it possible that \u201cGentiles\u201d can be curbed as\nby bridle and bit and that Jews cannot?\n\nIt is repeated: there is work for the Anti-Defamation League among the\nJews.\n\nMore than that: there are Jews who have begged the Anti-Defamation\nLeague to purge the name of Jewry of the shame the liquor Jews, the\nmovie Jews, the popular song Jews, the theatrical Jews, and the others\nare bringing on that name, and the Anti-Defamation League has not done\nso. It dare not.\n\nAmerican Jewry is desperately afraid of opening a single seam in its\narmor by means of a single investigation or reform. They are afraid of\nhow far the fire of self-correction may spread.\n\nIt was the intention of THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT to give in this article\na sample of the manner in which Jewish jazz is written in three\nclasses\u2014No. 1 for general consumption; No. 2 for stage consumption; No.\n3 for the lowest resorts. On searching through the songs for the least\noffensive example it is found that even the least offensive cannot be\nprinted here. The fact is greatly regretted, for certainly some method\nmust be found by which the public can be put into possession of full\ninformation as to what is transpiring in this hideous traffic.\n\nThe Jewish art of \u201ccamouflage\u201d (the reader may not be aware that wartime\ncamouflage was a Jewish invention) has always been operative. \u201cCover\nnames\u201d, \u201ccover nationalities\u201d (these are Jewish terms) have long been\nknown. It is quite common for Jews of the higher type to band themselves\ntogether into societies for political and racial purposes, the purposes\nbeing camouflaged by a name, such as Geological Society, or Scientific\nSociety, or something of the sort. And thus in the vilest versification,\nwhich only a few years ago would have been refused the mails, they have\nflung broadcast among the youth of the world dangerous ideas under the\ncamouflage of catchy tunes.\n\nThe tunes themselves carry a tale with them. There have been cases in\nthe courts dealing with the \u201cadaptation,\u201d or stealing, of tunes for\n\u201cpopular song\u201d purposes. If you observe carefully you will catch\nreminiscent strains in many of the popular songs which you sing. If you\nsing, \u201cRocked in the Cradle of the Deep,\u201d and then sing, \u201cI\u2019m Always\nChasing Rainbows,\u201d you will notice a basic resemblance; but that does\nnot prove that \u201cRocked in the Cradle of the Deep\u201d is itself original,\nits melody was originally taken from an Opus of Chopin. This is a\npractice which has been greatly extended of recent years.\n\nThe reason for the spread of this peculiar kind of dishonesty is to be\nfound in the Jewish policy of \u201cspeeding up business.\u201d Ordinarily one\nplay a week, and one or two new songs a season, was the limit of\nindulgence. But with the coming of the movies the \u201cone play a week\u201d plan\nhas been smashed to smithereens. To get the people to pay their money\nevery day, the programs are changed every day; and to get new plays\nevery day, something must be cheapened. So with songs. The output is\nrushed to increase the income of money, and quality is sacrificed all\nround. There are not enough good songs in the world to supply a new one\nevery week; not enough good plays in the world to supply a new movie\nevery day; and so, what the songs and plays lack in worth, they make up\nin nastiness. In brief, nastiness is the constant quality on which the\nproducers depend to \u201cput across\u201d mediocre songs and otherwise pointless\nplays. Nastiness is the condiment that goes with cheapness in songs and\nmovies.\n\nPlagiarism is the result of mediocre artists being spurred on by\nnon-artistic promoters to produce something that can be dressed up with\nsufficient attractiveness to draw the public\u2019s money. But even\nplagiarism requires a little brains mixed with it, and when the rush of\ndemand overwhelms the available brains, the lack is covered up by an\nelaborate covering of sensualism.\n\nMen who are on the inside of the popular song business, and certain\ncourt records, all testify to the exact truth of these statements.\n\n\u201cBut how do the Jews do it?\u201d is a question often asked. The answer is,\nnot public demand, nor artistic merit, nor musical ingenuity, nor poetic\nworth\u2014no; the answer is simple salesmanship. The public doesn\u2019t choose,\nthe public simply takes what is persistently thrust upon it. It is a\nsystem impossible to any other race but the Jews, for there is no other\nrace that centers its whole interest on the sale. There is no other race\nthat makes so startling a choice in favor of \u201cgetting\u201d money to the\nexclusion of \u201cmaking\u201d money. Who for a moment would think seriously of\nusing the terms \u201cproduction\u201d and \u201cservice\u201d with reference to popular\nsongs or motion pictures? Motion pictures in their higher reaches might\nhave some claim on those terms\u2014not the typical Jewish pictures, however;\nbut the modern crop of popular songs, never! The terms \u201cproduction\u201d and\n\u201cservice\u201d do not belong to the popular song industry at all, but the\nterm \u201csalesmanship\u201d does, as the reader will presently see. It is well\nto remember that where there is only \u201csalesmanship\u201d without the other\ntwo qualities, the public is always the sufferer.\n\n\u201cPopularity,\u201d when interpreted by the Jews who manufacture jazz for the\nUnited States, means \u201cfamiliarity,\u201d that\u2019s all. The theory is that a\nsong need not possess merit as regards words or music to be successful.\n_It can be \u201cpopularized\u201d artificially by constant repetition_, until it\nbecomes familiarized to the public ear, and thus familiarized it becomes\n\u201csuccessful.\u201d\n\nThe principle is expressed in the words of the song, \u201cEverybody\u2019s Doin\u2019\nIt.\u201d You go to the theater and hear a song. Next day at lunch the caf\u00e9\nsinger is singing the same song. Blaring phonographs used for\nadvertising purposes blat out the same song at you as you pass on the\nstreet. You walk past an afternoon band concert in the park\u2014the band is\nplaying the same song. If you are a normal person you have a feeling\nthat perhaps something has been going on in the world while you were\nengaged with your own affairs. The song\u2014you say to yourself frankly\u2014is\nsilly and the music trivial; but you keep your opinion a secret,\nbecause, after all, \u201ceverybody\u2019s singin\u2019 it.\u201d Not long after you find\nyourself humming it. You go home, and your daughter is \u201cpracticing up\u201d\non the piece. It yells its way through your home and through your\nneighborhood and through your city and through your state until in sheer\ndisgust, and in one day, the people pitch it bodily out-of-doors. But,\nbehold, another song is waiting to take its place\u2014a song fresh from\nYiddish Tin Pan Alley. And the agony is repeated. _This occurs from 30\nto 50 times a year._\n\nThat is the principle\u2014repeat it until it becomes familiar; that gives it\nthe veneer of popularity.\n\nNow, there is a method by which all this is done. Nothing \u201chappens.\u201d It\nis like the \u201cmob risings\u201d which have been practiced in some of our\ncities\u2014there is always a well-organized center that knows the technology\nof riot and knows exactly what it is doing. There is a way of making\n\u201crevolution\u201d as common and as familiar a thought as the movies and\npopular songs have made \u201cvamps\u201d and \u201charems\u201d and \u201chooch\u201d and \u201cHula\nHula.\u201d The principle is the same\u2014constant repetition for the purpose of\nfamiliarization.\n\nMore than one tune has been deliberately rejected by the public, has not\nbeen \u201cliked,\u201d but the song-tinkers did not allow that little fact to\nintimidate them; they simply hammered it into the ears and memories of\nthe public, knowing that \u201cfamiliarization\u201d was obtainable some time.\n\u201cWhispering,\u201d for example, did not catch on for a long time. Long ago it\nused to be known as \u201cJohnnie\u2019s Melody\u201d because John Schoenberger wrote\nit\u2014but finally it was driven home to its present popularity. There is\nthis to say about it, it is far more deserving of its popularity than is\n98 per cent of the so-called \u201cpopular\u201d music.\n\nHaving the principle, then, that _any song can be popularized by\nconstant repetition_, the Yiddish music purveyors go about their\nbusiness very systematically.\n\nThe song is procured\u2014by what means, it is not always possible to say.\nPerhaps one of the \u201cstaff\u201d originates a catchy tune, or a girl who plays\nthe church organ in a distant village sends in a pretty little melody.\nThe girl\u2019s melody is, of course, sent back as unsuitable, but if it\nreally had a heart of melody in it, a copy is kept and \u201cadapted.\u201d In\nsuch ways are \u201cideas\u201d procured.\n\nThen there are plenty of Jewish musical comedies and vaudeville teams. A\nstudy of the vaudeville and musical comedy business will show it to be\nas distinctively Yiddish as are the movies and the popular song\nindustry. So, the Jewish song publisher makes an arrangement with the\nJewish manager of the musical comedy show. This arrangement provides\nthat one or more of the song publisher\u2019s songs should be sung several\ntimes at every performance, in response to the applause and encores of a\nprofessional song boosters\u2019 claque which is always on hand for such\npurposes. This claque is paid for just as any other service might be\npaid for.\n\nThe night comes. The song is sung. Persistent applause. Sung again. More\napplause. Apparently the song is a \u201chit.\u201d As the audience files out the\nlobby is echoing with the cries of Yiddish song vendors proclaiming the\nsong of the evening to be \u201cthe big hit of the season,\u201d hundreds of\ncopies being sold in the meanwhile.\n\nThat is the usual Broadway introduction.\n\nThe next step is to capture the \u201cprovinces\u201d\u2014the musical comedies and\nvaudeville acts playing within 100 miles of the metropolitan centers.\nActors called \u201csong pluggers\u201d are engaged. The arrangement with them is\nthat they will sing a particular song exclusively\u2014give no other song a\nchance. The public pays to hear the actor sing; the manager pays to have\nhim sing; the song publisher pays him to sing a certain song.\n\nFrom theater to theater, from company to company, from artist to artist,\nthe publishers\u2019 agents wend their way, making what terms they can to\nsingle artists, vaudeville teams or comedy companies for boosting a new\nsong by giving it prominent place in the program.\n\nThere are also the \u201cstag entertainers,\u201d the young men who go about to\n\u201cparties\u201d of one kind or another, offering amusement to the guests. This\nis a class of entertainers known only to the rich, but numerous enough.\nFor instance, when the Prince of Wales toured America he was accompanied\nby a young man nicknamed \u201cRosie,\u201d of whose racial origin there need be\nno doubt. \u201cRosie\u201d played the piano and by songs and antics beguiled the\ntedium of the royal journey. Well, young men of \u201cRosie\u2019s\u201d sort are quite\nuseful in advertising to select circles the latest product of the\nYiddish song factories and they are, of course, regularly utilized for\nthat purpose.\n\nOrchestras, especially those of restaurants and dance halls, are worked\nin the same way.\n\nGet as many people singing and playing introductory renditions as you\ncan: that is the method of gaining an _artificial popularity by constant\nrepetition_.\n\nThe chances are that the song you are humming today is being hummed by\nyou simply because you have perforce heard it so often that it beats\nunconsciously within your brain.\n\nThese methods are subject to variation, of course. There was a great\ndeal of \u201ccutting\u201d until the right Hebrew group survived, and then there\nwas a great deal of \u201ctrust\u201d method adopted. The Music Publishers\u2019\nAssociation was organized by \u201cSime\u201d Silberman and Maurice Goodman, and\nnow all the Jewish song manufacturers are included in it. The\norganization has not changed any of the methods before used but has\ncurtailed the expense. Moreover, it has served to relieve the public to\nthis extent, that, instead of clinging to the one song paid for until\nthe public positively gags on it, the vaudeville or movie performers now\nsing impartially the various songs of the various publishers forming the\ntrust. More variety has been introduced, that is all. The same old\ncommercialization continues.\n\nAs readers of the studies of Jewish theatrical control, which appeared\nin this paper, will readily understand, the Jewish control of the\npopular song field means that all non-Jews are barred out. It would be\nnext to impossible for the song of a non-Jew, however meritorious, to\nreach the public by the usual channels. The musical magazines, the\nmusical critics, the musical managers, the music publishers, the\nmusic-hall owners, the majority of the performers are not only all Jews,\nbut are Jews consciously banded together to keep out all others.\n\nThe dishonest methods practiced by the Yiddish controllers of this field\nhave been such as to move the _Billboard_, the leading vaudeville\npublication, to refuse to print advertisements calling for song poems.\nPerhaps the reader has seen such advertisements, suggesting that someone\nhas a tune or a song-poem that will probably make a fortune if only sent\nto an address on Broadway or in the region of Tin Pan Alley. The\n_Billboard_ says:\n\n                    \u201cNo More Song Poem Ads Accepted.\n\n  \u201cAfter investigating the business methods practiced by some Song\n  Poem advertisers, the _Billboard_ believes it to be to the best\n  interest of its readers to eliminate the heading, \u2018Music and Words\u2019\n  under which Song Poem advertisements appeared, and hereafter, or\n  until existing conditions are changed, the _Billboard_ will not\n  accept any more Song Poem advertising from any concern or\n  person....\u201d\n\nEverywhere the \u201cpopular song\u201d has been attacked by keen observers of\nsocial tendencies\u2014but the attack has not been made intelligently. No\npublic menace like this can be abolished without showing the public the\nsource of it. Newspapers are now beginning to attack \u201cjazz,\u201d \u201cthe\nvicious movies,\u201d \u201cthe disgraceful dance.\u201d Others attack the young folk\nwho sing jazz, the people who patronize the objectionable movies, the\nthrongs who indulge in indecent dancing. But all the time a small group\nof men are deliberately and systematically forcing jazz and movies and\ndances upon the country, spending hundreds of thousands in the effort\nand reaping millions of profits.\n\nIf these men were non-Jews, a multitude of fingers would be pointed\ntoward them in identification and denunciation.\n\nBecause these men are Jews, they are allowed to go free.\n\nYou will stop these abuses when you point out the Jewish group behind\nthem!\n\nPeople sometimes say, \u201cWell, if you went after any other nationality,\nyou could find just as much fault as with the Jews.\u201d Is there any other\nnationality on which you can fasten the responsibility for vile movies?\nIs there any other on which you can fasten the responsibility for the\nillicit liquor traffic? Has any other nationality control of the\ntheater? In the beginning action against the popular song trust, could\nthe United States find anyone to indict besides Jewish song publishers,\nand could the United States Government lay less than 80 per cent of song\ncontrol to one New York group alone?\n\nIf these things were not strictly Jewish in their origin, method and\npurpose, how could such statements be made?\n\nJews say, \u201cClean up among the Gentiles first, and then turn attention to\nus.\u201d Will the Jews charge Gentile control of movies, popular songs,\nhorse-racing, baseball gambling, theaters, the illicit liquor\ntraffic\u2014will the Jews charge Gentile predominance in any line recognized\nby moralists today as dangerously menacing the public welfare?\n\nThe question is too big to be explained by prejudice. The facts are too\nchallenging to be thrust aside as universal. It is a Jewish question,\nmade such by a series of Jewish facts.\n\nNot content with hedging life about on every side, from the gold that is\nused in business to the grain that is used in bread, Jewish influence\nenters your parlor and determines what you shall sing at your piano or\nhear upon your music reproducing machine. If you could put a tag marked\n\u201cJewish\u201d on every part of your life that is Jew-controlled, you would be\nastonished at the showing.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of August 13, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                 XLIX.\n               Jewish Hot-Beds of Bolshevism in the U.S.\n\n\nBolshevism is working in the United States through precisely the same\nchannels it used in Russia and through the same agents\u2014Revolutionary and\nPredatory Unionism, as distinct from Business and Uplift Unionism, and\nJewish agitators. When Martens, the so-called Soviet ambassador, \u201cleft\u201d\nthe United States after being deported, he appointed as the\nrepresentative of Bolshevik sovietism in the United States one Charles\nRecht, a Jew, a lawyer by profession, who maintained an office in New\nYork. This office is the rendezvous of all the Jewish union leaders in\nNew York, some of the labor leaders throughout the country, and\noccasionally of one or two American government officials known to be\nhenchmen of Jewish aspirations in the United States and sympathizers\nwith predatory radicalism.\n\nThe situation in New York is important because from that center lines of\nauthority and action radiate to all the cities of the United States. New\nYork is the laboratory in which the emissaries of the revolution learn\ntheir lesson, and their knowledge is being daily increased by the\ncounsel and experience of traveling delegates straight out of Russia.\n\nThe American does not realize that all the public disturbances of which\nhe reads are not mere sudden outbreaks, but the deliberately planned\nmovements of leaders who know exactly what they are doing. Mobs are\nmethodical; there is always an intelligent core which gets done under\nthe appearance of excitement what had been planned beforehand. Up\nthrough the German revolution, up through the French revolution, up\nthrough the Russian revolution came the previously chosen men, and to\nthis day in all three countries the groups thus raised to power have not\nlessened their hold\u2014and they are Jewish groups, Russia is not more\nJew-controlled than is France; and Germany, with all her so-called\nanti-Semitism, tries in vain to loosen the grip of Judah from her\nthroat.\n\nIt is this fact of prepared disorder which makes the New York situation\nof interest today, because its lines of influence and authority reach\neverywhere throughout the country.\n\nFor that reason, and before showing how the Jewish organizations advance\nBolshevism and revolution in the United States, the first step will be\nto describe the condition and extent of the Hebrew labor movement.\n\nMost New Yorkers remember the \u201cSave Fifth Avenue\u201d movement. That avenue,\nfrom Fourteenth to Thirty-fourth street, with sections of Broadway, is\nhistoric ground. It is wrought into the history of America in a\npeculiarly intimate way. A little more than 15 years ago it contained\nthe homes of the older families, the establishments of famous\npublishers, the stores of art dealers, and the famous shopping center.\nIt was a district known throughout the United States as typifying\nAmerican substance and good taste.\n\nBut presently, Americans who thought they were secure in their own city,\nwere aware of an advancing shadow. A subtle atmosphere of deterioration\nbecame evident. In the top lofts of buildings, sweatshops had been\ninstalled, which noon and night poured into the streets an alien\nstream\u2014not a glad, hopeful-eyed immigrant rejoicing to be in America and\nat work, but something darker.\n\nIt was the Russian and Polish Jew. He swarmed into this district, the\nmost typically American of any outside of Boston and Philadelphia, from\nthe first. Nowhere else would the sweatshops go except in the very heart\nof Goy respectability. There were protests and organizations; Jews were\nappealed to in the name of the city; they smiled and promised, but like\na tide coming in, the invasion swept farther and stronger every week.\nNew Yorkers hesitated to go down into the district to trade, and\nmerchants lost their business. Real estate values dropped in\nconsequence, the Jews bought valuable properties at low figures.\n\nToday, at noontime, Fifth Avenue is packed from wall to curb with dark,\nsquat figures in masses of thousands. They parade in dense throngs and\nmake the street impassable. They make a strange, un-American atmosphere,\nSlavonic with some Oriental admixture. Their tongue is alien, their\nattitude is one of sullenness mingled with a sense of power. You leave\nthe New York of American meaning whenever you approach that alien\nthrong. They have taken over the district as completely as if they had\ninvaded it with the bayonet.\n\nAll this would be very hopeful, of course, if we could take and sustain\nthe attitude of the unsophisticated young reader of fiction, and regard\nthese people as \u201cnew Americans.\u201d There is a mass of moving stories\n(mostly written by Jews, by the way) pretending to describe the glowing\nhearts with which these throngs look out upon America, their intense\nlonging to be American, their love of our people and our institutions.\nMost unfortunately, the actions of these people and the utterances of\ntheir leaders give the lie to this fair picture which, as Americans, we\nwould fain believe. The resistance offered to Americanization,\nconsisting in the limitations put upon the Americanization program, has\nbeen sufficient to convince all observers that, so far as the Jewish\ninvasion is concerned, it is not their desire to go the way America is\ngoing, but to influence America to go the way they are going. They talk\na great deal of what they bring to America, hardly anything at all of\nwhat they found here. America is presented to them as a big piece of\nputty to be molded as they desire, not as a benign mother who is able\nand willing to make these aliens to be like her own children. The\ndoctrine that the United States is nothing definite as yet, that it is\nonly a free-for-all opportunity to make it what you will, is one of the\nmost distinctive of Jewish political teachings. If it be provincialism\nto insist that our alien guests become American and cease their\nendeavors to make America something alien, then there are hundreds of\nthousands of Americans to plead guilty to provincialism.\n\n\u201cThe Melting Pot,\u201d a term to which Mr. Zangwill gave currency, is not a\nvery dignified name for our Republic, but aside from that, it is being\nmore and more challenged as descriptive of the process that goes on\nhere. There are some substances in the pot that will not melt. But more\nsignificant still, there are rapidly increasing interests _who want to\nmelt the pot_.\n\nSo far as Fifth Avenue was concerned, it was the pot that melted. At\nleast, not the most intrepid Jewish leader will shout much about the\nAmerican characteristics of the most conspicuous Jewish colony in the\nworld, that of New York.\n\nThe lofty buildings in this district are filled with clothing workshops,\nof which the Jew has a monopoly in the United States. Coatmakers,\npantmakers, buttonhole workers, ladies\u2019 garment workers, these men are\nengaged in the \u201cneedle trades\u201d in which adult men of no other race\nparticipate.\n\nWhy the tendency of the Jew to the \u201cneedle trades\u201d? It is explained by\nhis aversion to manual labor, his abhorrence of agricultural life, and\nhis desire to arrange his own affairs. Arriving in the city of his\ndestination, the Jew would rather not leave it except for other cities.\nThere is one Hebrew society whose charter would indicate that its work\nis the placing of Jews in the rural districts, but it does next to\nnothing in this respect. On the other hand, there is testimony that city\ncolonization goes on apace. Widespread Jewish associations are on the\nlookout for likely towns in which to settle a few Jews, who in time\nbecome a larger colony, and in a little longer time run the place. There\nis nothing haphazard about it. The Jew is not an adventurer, he does not\ncut himself off from his base, but all his movements are made under\nconsultation and direction. New York is the great training school in\nwhich the newly arrived immigrant receives his instructions as to the\nmethod of handling the American goyim.\n\nThus, preferring any kind of a life in the city, and not taking to the\ntrades which involve much bodily effort, the Jew gravitates to the\nneedle, not in the capacity of a creative artist, as is the commercial\ntailor, but in the production of quantities of ready-to-wear goods.\n\nAside from the \u201cwhite collar quality of the job,\u201d the \u201cneedle trades\u201d\nappeal to the Jew because at such work he can practically arrange his\nown hours. For this reason, the Jew generally prefers piece work to day\nwork, domestic industries to factories\u2014he can arrange his own time. Many\npeople wonder how the Jews of New York have so much time for\nrevolutionary consultation, parades, meetings, demonstrations,\nrestaurant debates and radical authorship. No other class of working\npeople can get the time; other people work pretty steadily. The\nexplanation is at hand: extreme Socialism and Bolshevism have a great\ndeal of \u201ctime off.\u201d\n\nTrotsky, the present head of Russia, lived that way in New York. His\nmain arrangement was for leisure to work up his scheme. All the East\nSide leaders knew that Trotsky was to \u201ctake the Czar\u2019s job,\u201d even though\nhe never had an extra dollar to spend. There was nothing haphazard about\nit. It was prearranged, and the appointed men went directly to their\npreappointed places. The East Side has other rulers ready now, and they\nlive in the midst of the revolutionary \u201cneedle trades.\u201d\n\nOne point that should not be overlooked in all this, of course, is that\nthe \u201cneedle trades\u201d being exclusively Jewish, all their abuses are\nJewish too. This is said for the benefit of those apologists for Russian\nBolshevism who explain that the reason for it all is the way the poor\n\u201cRussian\u201d was treated in America. If Americans will ever learn to\nremember that the Russian is not a Jew, and that Bolshevism is not\nRussian but Jewish, and if in addition to that the American will ever\nlearn to remember that every Russian-Jewish laborer in New York comes\ninto contact with a Russian-Jewish employer, and every Russian Jew\ntenant pays his exorbitant rent to a Russian Jew landlord, it will then\nbe clear that once more has the United States been made to bear a\nslander that does not belong to it.\n\nIt may be well to remember also that it was on account of these Russian\nand Polish Jews, while they yet resided in Russia, that the United\nStates broke off her trade treaty with that country\u2014broke off with the\nRussia that was a country and a government before America was\ndiscovered; and, having by that act contributed to the Jewish throttle\non Russia through Germany, it is now proposed that the United States, on\naccount of these same Jews, enter into trade agreements with the present\nRussian tyranny. Verily, the diplomacy of Judah has come very near\ndetermining our foreign policy. If they were strong enough, in spite of\nPresident Taft\u2019s refusal, to make us break with Russia, they may also be\nstrong enough to make us shake hands with Bolshevism.\n\nThe Jewish trade union is exclusively Jewish for the reason that the\ntrades affected are exclusively Jewish. That is, the Jewish trade union\nis not an American trade union, it is not a mixed trade union, it is\nJewish. Like all other Jewish activities the purpose of the trade union\nis to advance Jewish interests alone. These unions are one aspect of\nUnited Israel.\n\nThis should be borne in mind with reference to the widespread strikes in\nthe clothing trade and the rapid increase in the price of clothing to\nthe 99,000,000 non-Jews in the United States. In spite of all the\nstrikes, the profits advanced enormously; it may be said that the\nstrikes were essential to the advance of profits; and the country as a\nwhole paid.\n\nLook at some of the figures of the \u201cneedle trades\u201d before the war. In\nthe entire United States, the men\u2019s and women\u2019s clothing manufactured in\n1914 had a value of $932,099,000. In New York alone, $542,685,000 was\nproduced. The rest was produced by the Jewish clothing centers in\nChicago, Cleveland, New Jersey and Philadelphia.\n\nThe figures for the period of the war and since will be staggering.\nClothing in the regular trade began to mount in price, until at the end\nof the war in 1918, it had attained an increase of 200 per cent and 300\nper cent. Until well into 1920 the monopoly held up the price. This was\ndone in face of the declaration by the manufacturers of _cloth_ that the\nwhole profiteering persistence was due to the manufacturers of\n_clothing_. Russian-Polish Jews, in this country only a few months, drew\n$50 to $80 a week. Threats of strike were used to get a five per cent\nincrease in wages, which was met by a 20 per cent increase in the cost\nof clothing. The American public paid.\n\nIf, however, these statements were merely an attempt to arouse\nindignation that for once the workers got more than they earned, the\nattempt would be a failure. It is pretty hard to find anyone to regret\nthe workers getting hold of a bonanza. The high wages weren\u2019t of much\nuse, as it proved, but people at least had the satisfaction of handling\nthem.\n\nThese statements are made to show that during the war the Jewish unions\nwaxed fat, a fact which has a bearing on their Bolshevik attitude today.\nNot all the wage was the gain of the man who earned it\u2014there was the\nunion to pay. Girls in the fur trade in New York earned $55 a week, of\nwhich they paid in $27.50 a week to the unions. Other workers paid in\nlike proportion. There was great talk of what would be done. In Russia,\nof course, they had the government\u2019s gold vaults immediately upon the\nsuccess of the revolution, but in the United States the preliminary\nfunds would have to be supplied by themselves. A great revolutionary\nstroke was planned of which the written evidence still remains.\n\nThere are two divisions of Jewish wealth and power centering in New\nYork. The first is German Jewish, represented by the Schiffs, the\nSpeyers, the Warburgs, the Kahns, the Lewisohns and the Guggenheims.\nThese play the game with the aid of the financial resources of the\nnon-Jews. The other division is composed of the Russian and Polish Jews\nwho monopolize the hat, cap, fur, garment and toy trades. (By the way\u2014it\nis the Russian and Polish Jew who controls the American stage and movies\nalso.) Between them their grip and influence is far from negligible.\nThey may sometimes have internecine quarrels regarding the division of\nthe profits and eager publicists may zealously call attention to these\nquarrels as evidence of the lack of unity among the Jews, but in the\nKehillah and elsewhere they understand each other pretty well, and on\nthe question of Jew vs. \u201cgoy\u201d they are indivisibly one.\n\nBetween these two forces the attempt to hold up prices was continued\nuntil late in 1920. The heads of the Jewish clothing associations\nannounced that the price of clothing would not be lowered. Solidly\nbehind them were the associated Hebrew labor unions, so-called, which\nthreatened dire things if the prices came down. The first great store to\nreduce prices in New York was Wanamaker\u2019s, a non-Jewish house. In fact\nthere was no reduction of prices among Jewish manufacturers and\nmerchants, generally, until in the month of November less than a dozen\nJews were called into the presence of a non-Jewish financier, after\nwhich a belated effort was made to save the buying market by sensational\nreductions. The Jewish controllers of the clothing business had just\npreviously stated that not only would prices not go down, but the 1921\nprices would go still higher.\n\nThere is a distinction between what the Jewish coalition _would_ do and\nwhat it _could_ do, but its will and its power never so closely\ncorrespond as when the non-Jewish element is asleep, and never are\nJewish will and power so widely divorced as when the non-Jewish mind is\nalert. When the non-Jewish financial mind made itself felt in November,\n1920, the bottom dropped out of Jewish trade prophecies and policies.\nThe only thing to fear is not the alert Jew, but the consequences of\nsleepiness among the Christians. _The Jewish Program is checked the\nmoment it is perceived and identified._\n\nOrdinary people who for five years have been paying high tribute to the\nclothing trust are entitled to know who comprise that trust. But that is\na trifling affair compared with the political uses to which the clothing\ntrust has been put in this country. The clothing trust, being composed\nexclusively of Jews, most of whom have formed the ax-head of Jewry in\nthe fight against certain Old-World governments, is today the heart and\ncenter of a movement which, if successful, would leave not a shred of\nthe Republic, its institutions, nor even the liberty, which is every\nAmerican\u2019s by inheritance.\n\nWhat is the strength of these people? How are they banded together? What\nare the facts concerning them?\n\nIn New York City alone there are 2,760 Jewish cloak and suit\nmanufacturing concerns; 1,200 Jewish clothing manufacturers; 2,880\nJewish fur manufacturers; 600 Jewish skirt manufacturers; 600\nmanufacturing tailoring establishments; 800 Jewish merchant tailoring\nconcerns.\n\nThese employers have organized themselves into associations such as the\nfollowing:\n\n      Associated Boys\u2019 Clothing Manufacturers of Greater New York.\n      Associated Fur Manufacturers.\n      Associated Shirt Manufacturers.\n      Association of Embroidery and Lace Manufacturers.\n      Children\u2019s Dress Manufacturers\u2019 Association.\n      Cloak, Suit and Skirt Manufacturers\u2019 Protective Association.\n      Cotton Garment Manufacturers of New York.\n      Dress and Waist Manufacturers\u2019 Association.\n      East Side Retail Clothing Manufacturers\u2019 Association.\n      Ladies\u2019 Hat Manufacturers\u2019 Protective Association.\n      Mineral Water Dealers\u2019 Protective Association.\n      National Association of Separate Skirt Manufacturers.\n      National Society of Men\u2019s Neckwear Manufacturers.\n      New York Association of House Dress & Kimono Manufacturers.\n      New York Tailors\u2019 Verein.\n      Shirt Manufacturers\u2019 Protective Association.\n\nAmong the employed Jews, the unions are numerous but all gathered up\ninto one central organization. For example, the International Fur\nWorkers\u2019 Union of the United States and Canada, is made up of the\nfollowing:\n\n                    Feather Boa Makers\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Cap Makers\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Cutters\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Dressers\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Dyers\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Floor Walkers\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Hatters\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Head and Tail Makers\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Lined Coat Finishers\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Nailers\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Operators\u2019 Union.\n                    Fur Pluckers\u2019 Union.\n                    Muff Bed Workers\u2019 Union.\n\nIn the garment industry, the organizations include every operation in\nthe process of making clothes. There are separate unions for buttonhole\nmakers, vest makers, pants makers, coat cutters, coat operators, coat\npressers, coat tailors, coat basters, lapel makers, knee pants makers,\nclothing turners, overall workers, palm beach workers, shirt makers,\nvest pressers, and even a washable sailor suit union. These together\ncomprise the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America.\n\nIn children\u2019s clothing we have another complete organization:\n\n              Children\u2019s Jacket Makers (three unions).\n              Children\u2019s Jacket Pressers.\n              Children\u2019s Sailor Jacket Makers\u2019 Union.\n              Children\u2019s Cloak and Reefer Workers\u2019 Union.\n              Children\u2019s Dressmakers\u2019 Union.\n\nIn women\u2019s wear, there are unions organized around every garment known\nto the wardrobe, some of which are:\n\n       Amalgamated Ladies\u2019 Garment Cutters\u2019 Union.\n       Bonnaz, Singer and Hand Embroiderers\u2019 Union.\n       Buttonhole Makers and Button Sewers Union.\n       Children\u2019s Cloak and Reefer Workers\u2019 Union.\n       Cloak and Suit Tailors\u2019 Union.\n       Cloak and Suit Piece Tailors and Sample Makers\u2019 Union.\n       Cloak Examiners, Squarers and Bushelers\u2019 Union.\n       Cloak Makers\u2019 Union.\n       Cloak Operators\u2019 Union.\n       Cloak, Skirt and Dress Pressers\u2019 Union.\n       Ladies\u2019 and Misses\u2019 Cloak Operators\u2019 Union.\n       Ladies\u2019 Tailors Alteration & Special Order Union.\n       Ladies\u2019 Waist and Dressmakers\u2019 Union.\n       Skirt and Cloth Dressmakers\u2019 Union.\n       Waterproof Garment Workers\u2019 Union.\n       White Goods Workers\u2019 Union.\n       Wrapper, Kimono, House Dress and Bath Robe Makers\u2019 Union.\n\nThese unions comprise the International Ladies\u2019 Garment Workers\u2019 Union.\n\nThe reader will have an idea, after reading these lists, that the\nemployes represented in these unions are women. The majority are men. It\nmay require something of an effort to remember that, but it is\nessential. These organizations control an essential business which\n_before the war_ produced over One Billion Dollars\u2019 worth of goods a\nyear, and since the war has probably received for its products each year\nthe amount of a big fat Liberty Loan; and these unions have received 30\nto 40 per cent of that for wages and propaganda funds.\n\n_Now, let it be said at once that these Jewish unions are not to be\nconfused with the regular Labor Union Movement, as we know it in the\nUnited States._\n\nThey are not Jews who have gone into the American trades unions. They\nhave started unions of their own which are Jewish in membership, control\nand purpose. It is true, of course, that the regular trades union\nmovement which heads up in the American Federation of Labor is under the\npresidency of a Jew, Samuel Gompers, but the membership is mixed, the\nlarge majority being non-Jews, and the purpose is not racial.\n\nThese Jewish unions comprise a body by themselves and are to be reckoned\nwith, not only as labor union groups, but as racial and political groups\nwhose purposes can be determined by the character and utterances of\ntheir leaders, as well as by the actions authorized and approved by the\nunions themselves.\n\nNow, _this Hebrew union movement is a part of the New York Kehillah._\nJewish leaders have sought to counteract THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT\u2019s\naccount of Kehillah activities by saying that the Kehillah is such a\nlittle weak thing. Admittedly, however, the Jewish clothing trust and\nthe Jewish garment workers\u2019 unions are among the biggest and most\npowerful aggregations in the country. Not even a Jewish leader would\nhave the temerity to deny that. Well, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers\nof America and the International Ladies\u2019 Garment Workers\u2019 Union are\naffiliated with the Kehillah.\n\nMore than that: this Kehillah, which Jewish spokesmen with cool contempt\nfor truth would have the public believe was weak and unimportant\u2014_this\nsame Kehillah, in its Executive Committee, constitutes The American\nJewish Committee_.\n\nIs the American Jewish Committee a nonentity? Ask any President of the\nUnited States, any Senator or Governor.\n\nThe American Jewish Committee heads up in District No. 12\u2014New York\nCity\u2014and the Committee for District No 12 is also the Executive\nCommittee of the Kehillah.\n\nThe men who represent before the world the combined organizations\nmentioned in this article _are_ the Kehillah, and they _are_ the\nAmerican Jewish Committee, and besides, they are the men whose failure\nin candor has left such an impression of dissatisfaction throughout the\nmasses of the Jewish people.\n\nWho are they? Who are these men with whom the Kehillah is said to be\nsuch a puling thing?\n\nLouis Marshall, of the law firm of Guggenheimer, Untermeyer and\nMarshall. Mr. Marshall is not only head of District No. 12, but he is\nalso head of the American Jewish Committee. His headship of the A. J. C.\nmakes him Jewish leader of the United States. His headship of District\nNo. 12 makes him head of the New York Kehillah. Quite an important man?\nYes; and an important place, in spite of lying Jewish spokesmen.\n\nWho are the others? Eugene Meyer, Jr., formerly of the Capital Issues\nCommittee of the United States war government.\n\nWho else? Judah L. Magnes. Judah L. Magnes is the organizer and active\nleader of the New York Kehillah. The two bodies are linked up again.\nThey are linked up by the Kehillah\u2019s constitution which is able to\ndecree that its executive committee shall be the American Jewish\nCommittee as far as District No. 12 (New York City) is concerned.\n\nThere are other names on the American Jewish Committee which also\nconstitutes the executive committee as the Kehillah\u2014Adolph Lewisohn,\nCyrus L. Sulzberger, Felix Warburg, and so on, 36 in all.\n\nIn the current annual report of the American Jewish Committee this\nrelation with the Kehillah is acknowledged in a note at the foot of page\n123, just as in the constitution of the Kehillah its relation with the\nA. J. C. is acknowledged and explained.\n\nNow to recapitulate.\n\nThe Hebrew labor unions, both of employes and employers, which are in\ncomplete control of the garment industry of the United States, represent\none wing of Jewish aggression in the realm of political revolutionism.\nIt is not a small wing in itself. Certainly it does not become smaller\nby its connection with the Kehillah nor the Kehillah by its gain of\nthese workers. The two unions mentioned above number over 337,000\nmembers. That figure is conservative. Besides these there are associated\nwith the Kehillah the members of 1,000 other Jewish organizations, such\nas synagogues, charitable societies and educational bodies, and 100,000\nindividual members who belong on their own account.\n\nLink this organization with the powerful American Jewish Committee, and\nat once the protest of the editors and the spokesmen that the Kehillah\nis a weak, unimportant body becomes a deliberate falsehood.\n\nAnd as for those \u201cGentile fronts\u201d who are ready victims of Jewish\npropaganda, and who, without personal knowledge, are describing the\nKehillah as a large and nourishing charitable society (bad teamwork\nthere!) let them read in the next article what some of the Kehillah\nleaders are trying to do to the United States.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of April 16, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                   L.\n               Jew Trades Link With World Revolutionaries\n\n\nThere are more Bolsheviks in the United States than there are in Soviet\nRussia. Their aim is the same and their racial character is the same. If\nthey are not able to do here what they have done there, it is because of\nthe greater dissemination of information, the higher degree of\nintelligence and the wider diffusion of the agencies of governmental\nauthority, than obtains in unhappy Russia.\n\nThe power house of Bolshevik influence and propaganda in the United\nStates is in the Jewish trade unions which, almost without exception,\nadhere to a Bolshevik program for their respective industries and for\nthe country as a whole.\n\nThis fact is proving most embarrassing to the Jewish leaders at the\npresent moment. It is bad enough that Russian Bolshevism should be so\npredominantly Jewish, but to confront the same situation in the United\nStates, is a double burden of which Jewish leaders do not know how to\ndispose.\n\nYet it is difficult to see how the International Jew can be absolved\neither from the necessity of being confronted with it, or from the\nnecessity of bearing sole responsibility for it. Russian Bolshevism came\nout of the East Side of New York where it was fostered by the\nencouragement\u2014the religious, moral and financial encouragement\u2014of Jewish\nleaders. Leon Trotsky (Braunstein) was an East Sider. Whether he was a\nmember of the New York Kehillah is not known. But the forces which\nfostered what he stood for centered in the Kehillah, and both the\nKehillah and its associated American Jewish Committee were interested in\nthe work he set out to do, namely, the overthrow of an established\ngovernment, one of the allies of the United States in the recent war.\nRussian Bolshevism was helped to its objective by Jewish gold from the\nUnited States. And now that it is found to be numerically much stronger\nin the United States than it is in Russia, the fact causes no little\nembarrassment.\n\nDenial is useless, for the thing is too blatant and has advertised\nitself too long. What amazes the student of the Jewish Question in the\nUnited States is the stupidity which permitted Jewish Bolshevism to\nflaunt itself so openly during the past few years. The only explanation\nthat seems at all adequate is that the Jews never dreamed that the\nAmerican people would become sufficiently awake to challenge them. The\npresent widespread exposure of Jewish tactics in the United States has\ndoubtless come as a surprise to the Jewish leaders, and this cannot be\naccounted for otherwise than that they thought they had gained too\nstrong a grip on the American mind to make a challenge possible.\n\nIt remains to be seen whether the Jewish leaders shall be able to\ncontrol the Frankenstein that their false policies have created.\n\nFollowing exactly the program which the Jewish leaders approved for\nRussia, the organized Jews of New York are exhibiting a zeal and a\ndirectness which Jewish leaders would like to curb for the present, if\nwe are to judge from some of the complaints that the Bolshevik Jews are\nmaking.\n\nBenjamin Schlessinger, president of the International Garment Workers\u2019\nUnion, whose membership numbers 150,000, and which is a part of the New\nYork Kehillah, is one of the complainants. His union, of course, is not\nthe regular American labor union formed for the betterment of working\nconditions and wages; it is a revolutionary union for the complete\nchange of the social system, involving also a change of government. In\nan interview printed in the _Jewish Forward_ of April 8, Schlessinger\ncomplains against the manner in which Jewish judges have recently come\nto interfere with Jewish strikes:\n\n\u201c\u2018And Jewish judges come to their assistance. They issue injunctions;\nand it is said that they do it to save the Jewish name, so that it shall\nnot be said that \u201call Jews are Bolshevists.\u201d So the injunctions become a\nJewish affair....\u2019\n\n\u201c\u2018We have a gigantic wide-branched Kehillah in New York. In all corners,\nJews! All over, what you see and what you hear\u2014Jews. And, of course,\nalso dress; politicians and greater ones.\u2019\n\n\u201cBut only _we_ may say this. And I understand Schlessinger....\nSchlessinger explains it this way: Several reasons are given why judges\nlike (here a Jewish judge is named) twist the law.... The real purpose\nis to break our strike.... But, then, after all, there is a reason, a\nJewish reason. He wants to demonstrate to the American community, he\nclaims, that not all Jews are Bolshevists.\u201d\n\nThis excerpt shows several things: that only \u201cwe\u201d may say certain\nthings; that Jewish authority is trying to cover the blemish of\nBolshevism; and that this is done in order to demonstrate to \u201cthe\nAmerican community\u201d a certain desirable thing. The Jewish community, it\nis presumed, is not so easily impressed. The Kehillah is apparently\ntrying to call in its kites but they have apparently flown too high in\nthe rarefied atmosphere of revolutionism.\n\nAnother big union which makes part of the New York Kehillah is the\nAmalgamated Clothing Workers of America, whose membership is about\n200,000. It is officered by Russian Jews whose pronounced Bolshevik\nutterances have been widely reported in the Jewish press of New York,\nuntil plain and unprivileged Americans have wondered how far treason to\nthe United States Government could go on our own soil.\n\nSidney Hillman, the president, is one of the most radical Socialists in\nthe United States\u2014so radical that he would probably spurn the name of\nSocialist as ordinarily used. He is a Sovietist. He is so far \u201cadvanced\u201d\nthat to him the regular type of American labor union is \u201ca scab union.\u201d\nThe purpose of the American labor union is stated to be the improvement\nof the workers\u2019 condition in industry and the establishment of their\nindustrial rights, whereas the object of Hillman\u2019s union is the\noverthrow of industry and its communization in the hands of the radical\nelement. That is to say, Russia over again. Hillman was born in Russia.\nHe personally knows most of the Bolshevik Jews now ruining that great\nland.\n\nThe secretary of the Amalgamated is Joseph Schlossberg, also born in\nRussia. Schlossberg has a very free gift of words. One of his promises\nto his Jewish followers, publicly made at Madison Square Garden, is\nthis:\n\n\u201cThe clothing industry is ours. We are not going to permit the employer\nto determine where his factory shall be, or how many hours we shall\nwork.\u201d\n\nAbraham Shiplacoff, a Socialist member of the New York board of\naldermen, and next to Sidney Hillman in command of the Amalgamated, is\nalso a free speaker, as the following excerpt will show:\n\n  \u201cWe are going to move heaven and earth to educate our people that\n  they and they alone are the owners of industry. The workers of\n  Russia have found it out, God bless them!\n\n  \u201cIf I knew old Sammy Gompers knew as much as that, I would tell you\n  to go and do what the workers did in Turine. Ten thousand of them\n  marched to the factory with music and a flag, and they opened the\n  doors and went to work and said, \u2018To hell with the owners of the\n  factory.\u2019\n\n  \u201cEverybody knows it is war. We are going to control the industry.\u201d\n\nAlways the omission, of course, that the factories so spectacularly\ncaptured, cease to run soon after. The Hillmans and the Schlossbergs and\nthe Shiplacoffs are heroic figures on the platform, but in manufacturing\nthe common commodities of life and making both ends meet so that the\nconsumer may be served and the producer rewarded, they have been the\nmost tragic failures. \u201cThe workers of Russia have found it out, God help\nthem!\u201d\n\nAs a matter of fact, besides the I. W. W., the Amalgamated is the only\norganization which not only preaches Bolshevism but actually practices\nit\u2014all in the United States, and all apparently in perfect consistency\nwith its membership in the Kehillah and under the officership of the\nhigh gentlemen of the American Jewish Committee. The Amalgamated\nactually does run the industry which has mulcted such a heavy tax from\nthe American public since 1914.\n\nThey tell the factory manager where the factory is to be located.\n\nThey have a minimum wage of $12 a day, independent of skill or\nproduction.\n\nThey enforce that rule, that an employe who has worked for two weeks has\nthereafter a job for life.\n\nNo improved machinery can be introduced without the union\u2019s permission.\n\nThe employer cannot hire even a cartage firm that the union has not\nfirst approved.\n\nThe employer cannot withdraw from business unless he goes into\nbankruptcy, else the whole force of the union and its allies will be\nmarshaled against him and his. He must inform the union of all his plans\nin advance.\n\nThis, of course, is part of the endowment of Trotsky to the East Side.\nHe did great missionary work there while waiting to go across and take\nthe Czar\u2019s place. Even to this day in the Jew-controlled theaters that\ncrowd Broadway, the picture of Trotsky brings wild delirious cheering,\nwhile the portrait of the President of the United States is hissed. A\nfavorite stage scene is the Star of David high over all flags. The\nrecent debate between Senators King and France, said to have been\norganized with the assistance of two rabbis, developed into such an\noutrageously anti-American pro-Soviet demonstration, that prudence\nintervened to prevent a vote. Recently when pro-Jewish Germans\nendeavored to stir up trouble by holding a great mass meeting to protest\nthe alleged \u201cBlack horror on the Rhine,\u201d the audience was packed with\nJews. Not that they love Germany more, but they love any regular\ngovernment less. While a few days later, at a great American meeting,\nthe Jews of New York, according to the testimony of incredulous\nobservers, were most conspicuous by their absence.\n\nNow, the Jewish leaders must admit that the Jewish Question does not\nconsist in American citizens uncovering these facts and helping other\nAmerican citizens to become aware of them; the Jewish Question inheres\nin the facts themselves and in Jewish responsibility for the facts. If\nit is \u201canti-Semitism\u201d to say that Bolshevism in the United States is\nJewish, so be it; but to unprejudiced minds it will look very like\nAmericanism.\n\nThere is not a single, solitary American-born citizen serving as officer\nor director of those great unions which form part of the New York\nKehillah. These men have not the faintest idea of what America stands\nfor. They are not here to become Americanized, but to change America to\ntheir own model. In this they have the articulated support of most of\nthe Jewish rabbis who have been very keen to explain that\n_Americanization does not at all mean what the American means by it_.\n\nAmerica will have become what these people want it to be when America is\nsovietized with Jewish radicals in control, and that is the objective\ntoward which they are working now.\n\nThe other officers of the Amalgamated are Jacob Petowsky, secretary, who\nis a Russian Jew, and J. B. Salutsky, who is also a Russian Jew and\n\u201cNational Director of the Educational Department,\u201d which means that he\nis the propagandist of the union in the United States.\n\nRegarding the assertion that the great radical unions are not officered\nby native-born citizens (the statement has been made that Russian Jews\ndo not usually complete their citizenship but stop short at the\n\u201cdeclaration of intention\u201d), there is some interesting material in a\nstudy of 2,000 presidents of Jewish organizations in New York City.\n\nOf this number, 1,054 were born in Russia, 536 in Austro-Hungary, 90 in\nRumania, 64 in Germany and four in Palestine. These countries produced\n89.1 per cent of Jewish leaders in New York.\n\nOf this number, 531 entered the country between the ages of 14 and 21,\nand 977 entered over the age of 21.\n\nOf this number, 1,270 are still under 50 years of age.\n\nThese figures include all organizations from synagogues to trade unions.\n\nHow far they have been Americanized, or wish to be, can only be judged\nby the policies and activities of the organizations which they direct.\n\nThe big Jewish labor organizations are the direct offspring of the\nJewish Socialist Bund of Russia. It is due to the propaganda of the Bund\nin the United States that the united Hebrew trades have gone over to the\nranks of radicalism. Bundists swarmed to the United States after the\nabortive revolution of 1905 at which time they failed to put Bolshevism\nover in Russia, and these Bundists gave their time to the Bolshevizing\nof the Hebrew Trade Unions in this country. An Agitation Bureau was\nformed which propagated radical Socialism through the medium of the\nYiddish language, which is one of the official languages of the New York\nKehillah, made so by the demands of the Kehillah\u2019s overwhelming radical\nconstituency.\n\nThe Bundists incorporated in 1905 in New York an organization known as\n\u201cThe Workmen\u2019s Circle\u201d and \u201cswelled the ranks of the Jewish trade\nunions,\u201d to quote the Kehillah\u2019s Register. After a brief attempt to\npropagate Socialism without reference to the Jewish Question, it was\ngiven up, and in 1913 a resolution was adopted declaring that the whole\npurpose of the work was Jewish. This is attributed, in the Kehillah\nrecord, to the spread of \u201cthe idea of Jewish nationalism.\u201d\n\nNow, care would have to be exercised to avoid confusion between the\nHebrew labor unions, radical as they are, and the avowed communistic\nbodies, if it were not the fact that the unions and the Communists are\nso inextricably interlocked as to make distinctions unnecessary.\n\nThat this is not a judgment dictated by mere adverse attitude may be\nseen from the following facts:\n\nThe Workmen\u2019s Circle has 800 branches throughout the United States and\nis officered by Jews throughout. The membership is 98 per cent\nforeign-born and is Jewish in like proportion.\n\nAmong the higher officers of this organization are Joseph Schlessinger,\nSydney Hillman, Benjamin Schlossberg, Sam Feinstein and J. B. Salutsky.\nThe names will probably have become familiar to the reader by this time.\nThey form part of the interlocking directorate so commonly found among\nJewish organizations, a system which finally heads up in the executive\ncommittee of the Kehillah which also composes the leaders of the\nAmerican Jewish Committee, of which the great public lights of Jewry are\nmembers.\n\nSchlessinger is president of the Union of Ladies\u2019 Garment Workers, and\nmade a trip to Russia in behalf of communism in the United States, to\nfinance which the members of the Communist party were assessed $1.50\neach.\n\nHillman is president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America.\n\nSchlossberg is secretary of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America.\n\nFeinstein is secretary of the United Hebrew Trades.\n\nSalutsky is food commissar to the striking Amalgamated, and is national\ndirector of Bolshevik propaganda carried on by his crowd.\n\nThey are, of course, all Jews.\n\nThe line-up is this: Hebrew trade union leaders are also members of the\nWorkmen\u2019s Circle and of the Communist party, and the majority of their\ntrade union followers go with them into the other associations. The\nreverse process is this: Communism and radical Bolshevism then find\ntheir way to the consciousness of the American public by the Bolshevik\ndemands of the so-called trade unions of Jewry.\n\nAn extreme defense of all this activity might be that these Jewish\nleaders and workers are only enamored of the _idea_ of Bolshevism, are\nplaying with it academically, and are not to be considered as actively\nthe proponents of a form of government contrary to the Constitution of\nthe United States and to be established by \u201cdirect action.\u201d\n\nThis defense, however, appears insufficient when confronted by another\nset of facts in which these same union leaders and Communists are shown\nto be in communication with the Soviet government in the United\nStates\u2014and the Soviet government in the United States is not a mere\n_idea_, it is a _program_. Moscow has repeatedly stated that the purpose\nof the Lenin-Trotsky government has been World Revolution. And one\nreason for the colossal economic failure of the Soviet governmental\nexperiment has been the Jewish Soviet leaders\u2019 neglect of their proper\nwork to follow this fetish of World Revolution. If one-tenth the effort\nhad been made to govern and feed Russia that has been made to sow\nBolshevik ideas in other countries, Russia might today have been in a\nless unhappy plight. Propaganda is the sole art which the Bolsheviks\nhave mastered.\n\nThis Soviet government in the United States, therefore, must be regarded\nas an advance post of World Revolution. It is so regarded by those who\nknow anything about it. It is so regarded by those who ordered the\ndeportation of L. C. A. K. Martens, the \u201cSoviet Ambassador.\u201d Martens was\nannounced to be here for the purpose of opening up trade relations with\nthe United States. He had a vast fund of gold\u2014indeed, it was to explain\nhis gold hoard that he used the story about trade relations. The\nGovernment of the United States judged, however, that his purpose here\nwas World Revolution\u2014and the government was right.\n\nMartens has departed but the Soviet Embassy remains. As stated in a\nformer article, Martens\u2019 successor is Charles Recht, who is a Russian\nJew about 36 years of age. In the same building with Recht is Isaac A.\nHourwich, another Russian Jew and attorney, whose office is supposed to\nbe the headquarters whence proceeds much of the Russian Bolshevik\npropaganda.\n\nNow, the people who go to the offices of Recht and Hourwich are the same\npeople whose names we have been tracing all through this interlocker,\nwith some notable additions. Into the sanctum of ambassadorial\nBolshevism in the United States, come, of course, Recht the\nrepresentative and Hourwich the attorney for Lenin and Trotsky in this\ncountry.\n\nAnother caller is Judah L. Magnes, head of the New York Kehillah. He is\na rabbi without a synagogue, an extreme extremist, a master of the\nlanguage of agitation, and pro-Bolshevist in his influence and\nassociations. He is credited with being the mediator between rich Jews\nand radicals when the latter are in need of funds. This is the Judah L.\nMagnes, head of the Kehillah, who tried to tell New York newspaper\nreporters what a weak and innocent foundling the New York Kehillah is;\nthe same Judah L. Magnes whom the _American Hebrew_ tried to picture as\na diaphanous idealist broken-hearted because the ghetto doesn\u2019t fall in\nwith his educational schemes. The Kehillah is _not_ an educational\ninstitution; it is _not_ a welfare institution in the charitable sense;\nit is a nerve-center of Jewish power; in Rabbi Magnes\u2019 own words, \u201ca\nclearing house\u201d; and if it amounted to nothing politically and\nnationally, the men who are now prominent in it would soon desert it.\nKehillah is just what the word signifies\u2014the whole Jewish community.\n\nThen, of course, there are Benjamin Schlessinger again, president of the\nLadies\u2019 Garment Workers, and Sydney Hillman, president of the\nAmalgamated Clothing Workers, and Joseph Schlossberg, another\nAmalgamated official whose Bolshevik utterances were quoted earlier in\nthis article, and others of the Hebrew trades crowd whose radical\nrelationships have been shown.\n\nIn addition, there are certain immigration inspectors from Ellis\nIsland\u2014all Jews, of course; occasionally a courier from Russia who has\nslipped into the country for a secret purpose; occasionally also a\ncourier to Russia bearing messages from Recht and Hourwich.\n\nThen I. W. W. leaders\u2014Jews. Among them Baletin, secretary of the I. W.\nW. Metal Machinery Workers\u2019 Branch, and Peltner, joint secretary of the\nI. W. W. branches in New York.\n\nIn close touch with these Jewish radicals are a number of revolutionists\nof other countries, representing various violent programs against the\nestablished order.\n\nIt is through the office of Charles Recht that passports, issued by the\nState Department of the government of the United States, are being\nvis\u00e9ed. This statement refers to a regular practice known to have been\nfollowed until a few days preceding this writing, and there is no reason\nto believe it has since been altered. Ambassador Recht, or Acting\nAmbassador Recht, or whatever he may be called, is in close touch with\nSoviet authorities and has full notice of all their intentions regarding\nAmerican affairs.\n\nA frequent subject of conferences in Recht\u2019s office is the Soviet\npropaganda in America. Men like Hillman and Schlossberg and Schlessinger\nare merely liaison officers between the Soviets and the Hebrew trades\nunions. The orders received from Moscow are thus transmitted to the Jews\nin America, and are obeyed along perfectly defined lines.\n\nOf course, Rabbi Magnes, head of the New York Kehillah, could hardly be\nexpected to remain in ignorance of what the whole Kehillah knows. And\nthat Magnes is temperamentally a radical, any two-minute perusal of his\nspeeches will show. He is head of what Schlessinger calls the \u201cgigantic,\nwide-branched Kehillah,\u201d the foremost political racial organization in\nthis country, a close community of a single racial type which has its\nown code and its own customs and its own method of gaining its ends.\n\nThis is not the whole story by any means. Schlessinger and Schlossberg\nand Hillman and the rest are leaders, but they are not the higher-ups.\nThe connections run straight up to the lofty heights of those who dwell\nin palaces and sway the finances of the nation, and to those who play\nlarge parts in the government of the United States. The Jews who finance\nradical publications\u2014good conservative Jews who form the standing\nillustration in the argumentative question, \u201cWhat possible gain can they\nhope from Bolshevism?\u201d Jews who pull official wires to gain immunity and\nprivilege for known traitors and revolutionists. Jews who replenish the\ncoffers of dangerous elements. It is a long story, and all of it does\nnot require telling, for the point to be gained is not that everyone\nshould be told, but that the involved persons should be aware that it is\nknown, proved, safely put away, in hope that the occasion to use it may\nnever come. However, it is due the public to tell at least a part of it.\n\nThe Jewish leaders never played so stupid a card as when they endeavored\nto minimize the Kehillah and the place it fills. Nor did their Gentile\nechoes ever fall for so miserable an imposition.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of April 23, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                  LI.\n                 Will Jewish Zionism Bring Armageddon?\n\n\nWhen the British Army passed into Jerusalem in the memorable capture of\nthe city in 1917, the Protocols went in with it. A symbolic circle was\nthus closed, though not in the way the Protocolists had hoped. The man\nwho carried the Protocols knew what they signified, and they were\ncarried not in triumph but as the plans of the enemies of world liberty.\n\nZionism is the best advertised of all present Jewish activities and has\nexerted a greater influence upon world events than the average man\nrealizes. In its more romantic aspects it makes an appeal to Christian\nas well as to Jew, because there are certain prophecies which are held\nto concern the return of the Jews to Jerusalem. When this return takes\nplace, certain great events are scheduled to ensue.\n\nBecause of this admixture of the religious sentiment, it will be rather\ndifficult for a certain class of people to scrutinize modern Political\nZionism; they have been too well propagandized into believing that\npolitical Zionism and the \u201creturn\u201d promised by the prophets are the same\nthing. Having succumbed to the initial confusion of mistaking Judah for\nIsrael they have entirely mistaken the ancient writings that relate to\nthese two, and have made the single tribe of Judah (whence comes the\nname of Jew) the hub around which all history and humanity swing. Judah\nwas the tribe with which Israel could not live in peace over two\nthousand years ago, and which has the fateful gift of stirring up the\nsame kind of dissension today. And yet no one ever thought of charging\nthe Ten Tribes of Israel with \u201canti-Semitism.\u201d\n\nZionism is challenging the attention of the world today because it is\ncreating a situation out of which many believe the next war will come.\nTo adopt a phraseology familiar to students of prophecy, it is believed\nby many students of world affairs that Armageddon will be the direct\nresult of what is now beginning to be manifested in Palestine.\n\nFor these, if for no other reasons, the subject becomes important.\n\nWith Zionism as a dream of pious Jews this article has nothing to do.\nWith Zionism as a political fact, every first class government is now\ncompelled to have something to do. It is a bigger question than the\nGerman indemnities or American immigration, because it lies back of\nboth, and is rapidly proceeding under cover of both.\n\nIt is worthy of note, if only in passing, that Zionism in the active\nmodern political sense took its rise racially and geographically where\nBolshevism arose, namely, in Russia, and that its center, the seat of\nits Inner Actions Committee, was at Berlin. There was always a close\nrelationship between the Zionists of Russia and the New York Kehillah,\nas is evidenced by public utterances made in Russia after the Revolution\nin which the Kehillah is extolled.\n\nAt the time the war was declared in 1914, the Inner Actions Committee\nwas spread about in various countries. For example: Dr. Schmarya Levin,\nof Berlin, was in the United States and remained here. He was Russian\nrabbi, German scholar, and cosmopolitan. Although his headquarters were\nBerlin, he remained in the United States and became recognized as the\nleader of the leaders of Zionism, until the great Jewish shift to\nVersailles. Another member of the Inner Actions Committee was one\nJacobson, who was in Constantinople. \u201cWhen he saw that Constantinople\ncould no longer be the center of Zionist politics, he left and went to\nCopenhagen, Denmark, where in a neutral country he could be of practical\nusefulness to the Zionists _by transmitting information and funds_.\u201d\n(Guide to Zionism, page 80.) In fact, the entire Inner Actions\nCommittee, with headquarters at Berlin, moved freely through a\nwar-locked world, the only two exceptions being Warburg and Hantke\u2014and\nthere was no need for the Berlin Warburg to move about, for there were\nothers who represented him.\n\nDr. Levin gave his sanction for the shifting of the center of Jewish\ngravity from Berlin to America, and \u201cas early as August 30, 1914, a\nmonth after the outbreak of war, an extraordinary conference of American\nZionists was called in New York.\u201d\n\nWhat this change of seat meant, has formed the subject of much\ndiscussion. In 1914 the Jews apparently knew more about the probable\nduration of the war than did the principals. It was not to be a mere\nexcursion through Belgium, as some fancied. There was time to dicker,\ntime to show the value of certain Jewish support to the governments.\nGermany gladly pledged the land of Palestine to the Jews, but the Jews\nhad already seen what Wilhelm had done in that ancient state when he\nenthroned himself on the Mount of Olives. Evidently the Allies won in\nthe contest of making promises, for on November 2, 1917, when General\nAllenby was pushing up through Palestine with his British Army, Arthur\nJames Balfour, the British secretary of state for foreign affairs,\nissued the famous declaration approving Palestine as a national home for\nthe Jewish people.\n\n\u201cThe wording of it came from the British foreign office, but the text\nhad been revised in the Zionist offices in America as well as in\nEngland. The British declaration was made in the form in which the\nZionists desired it, and _the last clauses were added_ in order to\nappease a certain section of timid anti-Zionist opinion.\u201d (Guide to\nZionism, pages 85\u201386.)\n\nNow please read the declaration and note the italicized clauses just\nreferred to:\n\n  \u201cHis Majesty\u2019s Government view with favor the establishment in\n  Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use\n  their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object,\n  _it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may\n  prejudice the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish communities\n  in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in\n  any other country._\u201d\n\nZionism is of particular interest, not merely because of the quarrels\nwhich have arisen among the leaders over money\u2014it is the war of\n\u201cinterest\u201d against \u201ccapital\u201d\u2014but also because of the light it throws on\nthe two great armies of Jews in the world, the way in which they use\ntheir power where they can, and the trouble that always embroils the\nnations which become Jewish tools.\n\nPeople sometimes ask why Jewry, which is capitalistic, should favor\nBolshevism, which is the announced enemy of capital. It is an\ninteresting question. Why should a New York Jewish financier, an officer\nof the government of the United States, help finance a \u201cRed\u201d publication\nwhich even our tolerant government cannot stomach? In addition to the\nfact that it is only \u201cGentile capital\u201d that is attacked, the answer is\nthat the Jew who has fallen for the worship of the Golden Calf is\nanxious to keep in the good graces of the Jew of the East\u2014the Mongolian\nJews\u2014who are rampaging against orderly systems of society. It is quite\nuseful when there is a revolution in Paris to have the 600 houses which\nyou may own spared by the incendiary mobs\u2014as were Rothschild\u2019s houses.\nZionism has been one of the subjects upon which Western and Eastern Jew\ncan unite. Indeed, it was the Eastern Jew that compelled the Western Jew\nto take a favorable stand on this matter. The Jewish gentlemen who are\nreceiving the freedom of our cities today in their various aspects as\n\u201cGerman\u201d and \u201cBritish\u201d scientists are Eastern Jews. They have come to a\ncontest with the Jews of America on the question of Money. The Jews of\nAmerica have smothered some very ugly charges. The Jews of the East,\nmore recently of Germany or England, are not likely to be browbeaten by\nthe moneybags of Jewish New York, for _the Eastern type of Jew knows of\na situation in which money is the most useless thing in the world_\u2014and\nthat is why he is feared and favored by Western Jewry of the Golden\nCalf.\n\nThe Jewish defenders are just now capitalizing the \u201csplit\u201d in Jewry. The\nreal split in Jewry will come when Jews of vision begin to support the\nattempts which have been made to liberate the Jews from their leaders.\nThis internal squabble means nothing but a squabble of leaders; but when\nthe Jews themselves divide, one side for twentieth century light and the\ndestruction of the class power of selfish leaders, then may we look up\nhopefully. When the Jew recognizes the honesty of his critics and the\nrighteousness of what they charge, then will there be a \u201csplit,\u201d but not\nbefore. The division in Jewry as evidenced by the contempt of the\nrevolutionary party for the financial party, and as even more strongly\nevidenced by the fear of the revolutionary party by the financial party,\nis being brought about by the insincerity of the Western Jew\u2019s Zionism.\nThe Western Jew says that the United States is the Promised Land,\nprofits and interest are the \u201cmilk and honey\u201d and New York is Jerusalem;\nthe Jew of Russia has another view.\n\nA knowledge of Political Zionism is worth while also as an authoritative\nillustration of what the Jew does when he is in power. Heretofore there\nhas been Russia to illustrate this, but now there is Palestine. With\nevery fact against them, with every traveler and observer giving them\nthe lie direct, there are still Jewish spokesmen and poor befuddled\n\u201cGentile fronts\u201d who insist that Bolshevism is not Jewish and that\nRussia is not now governed by Jews. It is just this constant denial of\nfacts, this failure to use their opportunity to be honest, that is going\nto be the judgment of Jewish leaders. Bolshevism all over the world, not\nin Russia only, but in New York, in Chicago, in New Orleans, in San\nFrancisco, is Jewish.\n\nHowever, there is no need further to insist upon that, except\noccasionally to add confirmatory illustrations of it. More to the\npresent point is Palestine. It will be very difficult for the most\nirresponsible Jewish spokesman to deny that Palestine is Jewish. The\ngovernment is Jewish, the plan of procedure is Jewish, the methods used\nare Jewish. Does anyone rise to deny that? Scarcely.\n\nVery well, Palestine will do to illustrate the genius of the Jew when he\ncomes to power.\n\nProfessor Albert T. Clay, in the _Atlantic Monthly_ (will anyone declare\nthat this long-established and thoroughly respectable Boston publication\nis \u201canti-Semitic\u201d?) warns us that the information about Palestine which\nwe receive in America comes to us through the Jewish Telegraph Service\n(which is the Associated Press of world-wide Jewry) and the Zionist\npropaganda. \u201cThe latter,\u201d he says, \u201cwith its harrowing stories of\npogroms in Europe, and its misrepresentations of the situation in the\nNear East, has been able to awaken not a little sympathy for the Zionist\npropaganda.\u201d\n\nThis propaganda of pogroms\u2014\u201cthousands upon thousands of Jews\nkilled\u201d\u2014amounts to nothing except as it illustrates the gullibility of\nthe press. No one believes this propaganda, and governments regularly\ndisprove it. But the fact that it continues indicates that something\nbesides facts is necessary to keep the scheme going.\n\nIn Jerusalem, as this is being written, martial law is proclaimed. There\nhas been a struggle between the native inhabitants, whom the Balfour\ndeclaration sought to protect, and the new-come Jews. As in the famous\nEaster disorders of last year, the wounded in the hospitals show that\nthe Jews were armed and the natives fought with whatever weapons they\ncould find on the spot; the conclusion of all impartial observers under\nthe circumstances being that the Jews prepared for and sought the fight\nwith unprepared natives.\n\nThe mark of disorder perpetrated by the Jews is all over the place, the\n\u201cpersecuted\u201d turned persecutor, and lest this should be charged to the\ngeneral wildness of the people in Palestine let it be said that the\nrioters were only expressing in deeds what cultivated American and\nEnglish Jews have expressed in words\u2014namely, that the lawful inhabitants\nof the land ought to be driven out, in spite of governmental promises to\nthe contrary. One of the first Easter rioters, Jabotinsky, whom the\nBritish authorities sentenced to 15 years in prison, was released\nimmediately upon the arrival of Sir Herbert Samuel, and is now traveling\nin state, and is talked of as a possible successor to Sir Herbert,\nalthough he is originally one of the Russian Bolsheviki come down to\npractice the gentle arts of that tribe in Palestine.\n\nThe government is Jewish. Sir Herbert Samuel is High Commissioner,\nrepresenting the power of the British Government, which holds the\nmandate over Palestine. The head of the judicial department, who\nappoints the judges of Palestine, is a Jew. Christian or Moslem judges\nwho do not give the Jews a shade the better of the proceedings are\nousted\u2014a condition not unknown in New York. Chaim Weizmann is head of\nthe department of works\u2014he is a Jew, now traveling in this country and\nhaving the polite lie passed to him occasionally by Judge Julian W.\nMack. In fact, at the heads of all departments are Jews, a former New\nYork Jew being head of the department of immigration, who has made\nsplendid rules for the protection of Palestine from an undesirable class\nof Jews, rules so well adapted for the purpose that if the Congress of\nthe United States should adopt them the cry of \u201cpersecution\u201d would\ngirdle the world.\n\nIt is to be noted that the Jewish government of Palestine is very much\nlike that of Russia\u2014mostly foreign. Trotsky came from the East Side of\nNew York. A gentleman recently released from Bolshevik custody told the\nwriter that the governor of his prison was an ordinary Jew who formerly\nlived on Fourteenth street, Detroit. Practically every big American city\nis represented in the Bolshevik government of Russia. There is another\nfull-fledged government waiting in this country for service wherever\nnecessary.\n\nThe methods being adopted to get the land are such as will fill the\nworld with indignation once the world fully understands what is being\ndone. And that it is done with the knowledge and approval of the Zionist\nCommissioner is indicated by the fact that he suspended the activities\nof the British officer who endeavored to stop the abuse. It was the old\ngame of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest to people hard\npressed by war and crop failure, and then seizing their land when they\ncould not pay. The bank that did this was the Anglo-Palestine Bank, a\nZionist concern. This British officer, to save the people and the land,\nmade arrangements with a British bank to lend them money at 6\u00bd per cent,\nwith five years to pay. If payment failed, the land was to go to the\ngovernment for redistribution; not to the Zionist bank. This was the\nhumane plan which the Zionist Commissioner forbade, whereupon the\nBritish officer resigned. Some effort was afterward made to redress the\nterrible act, but there it stands as the well-considered action of Jewry\nin power.\n\nThen follows what is described by every impartial observer as an\n\u201carrogant\u201d attempt to expropriate everything in sight. In Russia it\ncould have been done very easily under the plea of \u201cnationalization,\u201d\nbut there was Great Britain whose laws do not condone theft. The only\nschools that have been established in Jerusalem have been built and\nmanned by the so-called \u201cGentiles,\u201d although the Jews of Jerusalem have\nbeen the pensioners of world-wide Jewry for centuries. As long ago as\n1842 Dr. Murray M\u2019Cheyne noted that the Jerusalem Jews cared noth\u2019ing\nfor schools because their children were only growing up into pensioners\ntoo. But Christians, with a warm regard for the Holy City, set about to\nimprove the miserable condition of the Jewish inhabitants, and thus it\ncame that at the time of the Zionist invasion a considerable number of\nJewish children were in attendance at the schools. The new-come Zionist\nleaders demanded that the best of the schools be given up to them. Of\ncourse, this was refused.\n\n\u201cThe Council of Jerusalem Jews\u201d then caused it to be published in the\nHebrew daily that parents who did not withdraw their children from the\nschools would be punished. And now look at the typical punishments\nthreatened:\n\nIf any parent refused whose name was on the list of the American Relief\nFund, the relief would be withdrawn. An interesting bit of news to\nsubscribers to that fund.\n\nDoctors would be forbidden to visit the families that had children\nattending the enlightened schools.\n\nTheir names would be sent to the blacklist at the places where\ncircumcision was performed, so that new-born descendants of the\nrecalcitrants might be refused the rite of Moses.\n\nThey would be denied all share in Zionist benefits or funds.\n\nIf they were in business, they would be boycotted.\n\nIf they were workmen, they could get no work.\n\n\u201cAnyone who refused, let him know that it was forbidden for him to be\ncalled by the name of Jew. They will be fought by all lawful means.\nTheir names will be put upon a monument of shame and their deeds made to\nreproach them to the last generation. If they are supported, their\nsupport will cease. If they are rabbis, they will be moved far from\ntheir office. They shall be put under the ban and persecuted, and all\nthe world will know that in this justice there has been no mercy.\u201d\n\nIt is the Jewish Bolshevist spirit all over again, that spirit which so\nmany people have been vainly endeavoring to reconcile with the Russian\ntemperament\u2014because it is so un-Russian.\n\nIt is tyranny, and not the tyranny of strength, but of meanness and\ndarkness. It is now perfectly clear what was meant by Dr. McInnis, who\nis Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem, when he said: \u201cThe emigrants so far\nbrought in (to Palestine, under the Commission) did not include many\nrespectable English Jews; but they did include a great number of\nRussians, Poles and Rumanians, many of them thoroughly Bolshevik in\ntheir attitude to the government.\u201d\n\nIf this spirit obtains at the beginning of a movement which the\nChristian world has been taught by propaganda to regard as a profoundly\nreligious and respectable exodus, it burdens the imagination to forecast\nwhat will be done in a period of full and unquestioned rule.\n\nObserving and weighing the events and tendencies of Jewish rule thus far\nin Palestine, it is not difficult to see the purpose in it all. The Jews\nstill distrust their ability to make a State. They do not distrust the\nworld\u2019s willingness to let them have a State; indeed, it is amazing how\nnaturally the Jews place confidence in that portion of the world they\nhave always affected to despise. But deep-seated in the Jew is a\ndistrust of himself. He doesn\u2019t know how his people will contrive to\nlive together. He doesn\u2019t know how they will contrive to drop the\nprinciples and practices which are so destructive of social comity\nelsewhere. And he feels that, patient as the mandatory power may be now,\nit is doubtful how long that patience will hold out under the blunders\nand brutalities that will be inseparable from Zionist rule, if any\ndeductions can be drawn from the facts at hand. Therefore, feeling that\nthe time may be short, he is endeavoring by such actions as interference\nwith the cultural question, with the racial rights of the natives, and\nby such schemes as the land-grabbing device described above, to get so\nstrong a hold on the situation as will seriously complicate it whenever\nGreat Britain shall feel it to be her duty to the world to step in and\nattempt to bring some kind of order out of the chaos.\n\nIt begins to be very clear that Jewish nationalism will develop along\nthe line of enmity to the rest of the world. Already the dangerous\nproposal has been made to organize a Jewish army for the protection of\nthe Suez Canal. Instead of thinking of roads and farmsteads, of\nvineyards and oil presses, of schools and sanitary villages, the Jews\nare thinking of elevating themselves into the military power that shall\nstand between East and West on that most strategic strip of ground in\nthe world. The whole situation is fraught with danger, and men who wish\nwell to the Jews are alarmed and saddened by the prospect.\n\nThere are three elements of danger in the situation as it exists today:\nthe overwhelmingly predominant Bolshevik element that is being poured\ninto Palestine; the intense, egotistic and challenging nationalism that\nZionists exhibit even before they get a potato patch\u2014the taste for world\npolitics and world power; and the racial confusion which now exists in\nPalestine.\n\nThese combined are dynamite. The first is more vital than many realize.\nAlready the Jews who have gone to Palestine at great sacrifice and for\npious reasons are complaining that instead of the Psalms of David the\npeople are singing songs of the Red Revolution, and instead of meeting\nfor instruction and prayer there are riotous gatherings extolling\nTrotsky as Messiah and the Soviet as the kingdom of heaven. On the third\nanniversary of the Jewish Revolution in Russia, the streets of Jerusalem\nwere placarded with sentiments of blasphemy and treason, and May Day\nthis year was devoted to the exaltation of anarchy.\n\nThis fact will be of interest to students of prophecy. It is as certain\nas any human forecast can be that this sort of thing will not be\npermitted to go forward in the face of the world. It is unimaginable\nthat the nations responsible to humanity for the conduct of that\nimportant strip of territory will remain supine while Bolshevism spreads\nunder the false pretense of a religious movement favored by Christendom.\nAn attempt will be made to stop it. The Jews of Palestine will turn on\ntheir sponsor nation. The Jews of Russia will come down to help. Great\nBritain and perhaps the United States will defend the old pure vision of\na Jerusalem redeemed. Then will come to pass the prophecy of Zachariah:\n\n\u201c_And Judah also shall fight against Jerusalem._\u201d\n\nJudah also! It is a thought to make a Jew bethink himself where the\nlawlessness of the East and the materialism of the West will lead him.\nAgainst Jerusalem! What a terrible ending of Judah\u2019s present mad\ndelusion.\n\nPalestine has been called the center of the earth. It is. The power that\ncontrols Palestine controls the world. Although exercising no\nsovereignty over the land itself, Great Britain\u2019s control of adjacent\nwaters and of Egypt and Persia and India, forms the key of her power.\nThe white race has thus far been the Chosen People to whom the dominion\nof the earth has been given. Palestine is the key to world military\nstrategy and trade. In question 12 of the Questions and Answers\npublished by the department of education, Zionist Organization of\nAmerica, this occurs:\n\n  12. What are the commercial possibilities of Palestine?\n\n  The location of Palestine _between the three continents_ favors\n  foreign trade.\n\nAll this lends itself to dreams of future glory, and many Christian\nfriends of the Jew have pleased themselves by conceiving an universal\nHague at Jerusalem and a new social order going out to bless the nations\nfrom Zion. It is the idea conveyed by men like A. A. Berle in books like\n\u201cThe World Significance of a Jewish State.\u201d All this might be expected\nif the Jews of today were Old Testament people, anxious to re-establish\nthe social laws of Moses, which are conceded to be the best safeguards\never devised against pauperism on the one hand and plutocracy on the\nother. But Palestine has not fallen into the hands of that sort of Jews.\nBefore the dream can be fulfilled Judah must come to himself, as he has\nnot yet, for from of old the Word is\u2014\n\n\u201cAnd Judah also shall fight against Jerusalem.\u201d\n\nThe racial situation in Palestine just now is very delicate. Americans\ndo not understand it. The Zionist propaganda has always been accepted on\nthe assumption that Palestine is the Jews\u2019 land and that they only need\nhelp to go back. It is an historical and political fact that Palestine\nhas not been the Jews\u2019 land for more than 2,000 years. There are in\nPalestine 500,000 Moslems, 105,000 Christians and 65,000 Jews. The\nindustry of the land is agriculture. Engaged in this are 69 per cent of\nthe Moslems, 46 per cent of the Christians and 19 per cent of the Jews.\nNeither numerically nor industrially have they held the land. Yet, as\nthe result of a war bargain, it is handed over to them as regardless of\nthe native inhabitants as if Belgium had been handed over to Mexico.\nMany of the natives are Semites, like the Jews, but they do not want the\nJews among them.\n\nThat is a strange fact for those who use the term \u201canti-Semitism\u201d; why\ndo real Semites also dislike the Jews? Surely Semites are not victims of\n\u201canti-Semitism.\u201d\n\nThe Balfour Declaration, as well as the terms of the Mandate adopted at\nSan Remo, recognized the rights of the native races. Indeed, everyone\nwho knows about the people who have been native to Palestine for 2,000\nyears recognizes their rights, everybody except the Jews. Bethlehem was\na Christian town, as befits the birthplace of Christ. Yet the Jews have\ncontrived that 2,000 Bethlehemites leave Palestine rather than submit to\nwhat they see coming. The other races are not so placid about it, hence\nthe trouble. It is now that the last clauses, added as the Zionist\nhistorian declares, \u201cin order to appease a certain section of\nanti-Zionist opinion,\u201d begin to get a meaning for the reader. \u201cWas the\npurpose only to quiet disturbing questions until all the arrangements\nwere made? Evidently. It was then a dishonest appeasement! Such may have\nbeen the Zionists\u2019 intention, but no one need expect perjury on the part\nof the responsible nations. The end of the matter will see those last\nclauses redeemed by honest application of their terms to the people\ninvolved.\n\nGeneral Allenby promised those native races of Palestine that their\nrights would be respected. So did the Balfour Declaration. So did the\nSan Remo Conference. So also did President Wilson in the twelfth of his\nFourteen Points.\n\nBut Judah says, \u201cLet them get out!\u201d \u201cThe last clauses were added in\norder to appease a certain section of timid anti-Zionist opinion.\u201d\n\n\u201cLet them get out!\u201d says Israel Zangwill. \u201cWe must gently persuade them\nto \u2018trek.\u2019 After all, they have all Arabia with its million square\nmiles, and Israel has not a square inch. There is no particular reason\nfor the Arabs to cling to those few kilometers. To fold their tents and\nsilently to steal away is their proverbial habit; let them exemplify it\nnow.\u201d Aside from the falsity of using the term \u201cArab,\u201d there is the\ndelightful Jewishness of it\u2014let them give it up to us, we want it!\nAmericans have been in their land less than 150 years as a nation, and\nthere is China and Arabia or Siberia for us to go to if we should want\nto, but we prefer our own country, and so do the native races of\nPalestine, who have dwelt there for 2,000 years.\n\nThe watchmen on the towers of the world are alarmed at what seems\nbrewing in Judah\u2019s geographical caldron.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of May 28, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                  LII.\n                How the Jews Use Power\u2014By an Eyewitness\n\n\nThe Jewish Question continues to mount the scale of public attention,\nattracting ever a higher type of mind to the discussion of its\nsignificance. When THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT first began to print some of\nthe results of its research into the Question, the initial response was\nlargely from those who disliked the Jew because he was a Jew. This class\nexpected to find in THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT a spokesman for all their\ncoarse humor and abuse.\n\nThe method that was followed by this paper, however, was not abusive\nenough, nor bitter enough to satisfy Jew-baiters and Jew-haters, and\ngradually a new response from another class began to be heard, which by\nthis time has attained massive proportions. The better class of people,\nseeing that racial and religious prejudice had no part in the work,\nbegan to consider the Question with relation to our American life and\nthe future of this nation as a Christian people.\n\nUpon this ascent of the discussion to its proper plane, the better\nperiodicals began to give thoughtful attention to the matter. These\npublications have been referred to in previous articles. There is to be\nadded to the list the _Century Magazine_ for September, which contains\nan article by Herbert Adams Gibbons which clearly intends to be fair and\nis certainly able, in spite of a difference of opinion that might exist\nwith regard to some of the author\u2019s conclusions. Mr. Gibbons states some\nmatters more plainly than they have been stated outside the pages of THE\nDEARBORN INDEPENDENT, and some matters he states just as plainly; and he\nwill be justified by the unprejudiced reader.\n\nOne of the most notable studies of the Jewish Question has come out of\nthe University of the South, at Sewanee, Tennessee. It is entitled\n\u201cZionism and the Jewish Problem,\u201d the author being the Rev. Dr. John P.\nPeters, formerly canon residentiary of the Cathedral of St. John the\nDivine, Morningside Heights, New York, also rector emeritus of St.\nMichael\u2019s Church, New York, and professor of New Testament Languages and\nLiterature in the University of the South. The article has been\nreprinted from the Sewanee _Review_ and makes a brochure of 29 pages.\n\nDr. Peters begins with an historical sketch of the development of the\ntwo lines of thought among the Jews, the nationalistic which made for\nexclusiveness, and the religions which made for inclusiveness, and he\ndescribes the domination of the latter by the former with the coming of\nmodern Zionism which he finds to be racial and not religious. He says\n\u201cthe dominant control of the Zionist party is at present in the hands of\nthose who are not religious but merely racial Jews.\u201d He believes that\nthe development of race consciousness along these lines \u201cmust be\ninevitably in the end to make the Jews bad citizens of the United States\nor of any other country and to keep alive and increase the hostility to\nthe Jews....\u201d\n\nThis monograph by Dr. Peters will repay study. By permission, THE\nDEARBORN INDEPENDENT reprints the article from page 20 to the end, this\nportion being selected because it deals with Dr. Peters\u2019 testimony as an\neyewitness of certain conditions in Palestine: (The italics are ours,\nthere being none in the university reprint.)\n\n\u201cThe experiment of the Zionist homeland is now being tried. It is too\nearly to determine fully how it will work, but it is at least of\ninterest to consider its manifestations so far. My earliest contact with\nZionism and Zionistic influences in Palestine dates from 1902. When I\nfirst visited Palestine, in 1890, the Jews in Jerusalem were almost\nexclusively of old oriental Sephardic families. Jerusalem was then still\nthe old Jerusalem within the walls. There were no houses without. Jewish\ncolonization, economic and philanthropic in character, had just then\nbegun on the Sharon plain, but what little there was in the way of\ncolonization was a feeble, unsuccessful exotic\u2014an attempt to replace the\npersecuted Jews of Russia on the land, where, however, the Jew, unused\nto manual and especially farm labor, sat under an umbrella to protect\nhimself from the sun and engaged native Syrians to do the work.\n\n\u201cOn my next visit, in 1902, more colonies had been planted, and a\nserious effort was being made to turn the Jewish colonists into farmers.\nThe majority of the Jews who had come to Palestine, however, were\nsettled about Jerusalem, and the new Jerusalem without the walls was\nlarger, in space at least, than the old Jerusalem within. The Alliance\nIsraelite had developed there splendid schools to teach agriculture, and\nmanual and industrial arts. I was urgently solicited by the management\nto visit and inspect these schools. Here I found Jew, Moslem and\nChristian working side by side without prejudice. This was, in my\njudgment, the best work of any sort being done in Palestine, for two\nreasons: first, these schools were teaching the dignity and the worth of\nmanual labor, which the oriental of all sorts had theretofore despised,\nregarding it as unworthy of any man of intelligence or capacity;\nsecondly, because they brought Moslem, Christian and Jew together on a\nplane of common work and common worth, the most valuable agent for the\nbreaking down of those ancient prejudices, religious, racial and social,\nwhich have been the curse and bane of the land.\n\n\u201cI was asked to put this down in writing because, I was told, _great\npressure was being exerted\u2014I regret to say, especially from America\u2014to\nprevent the management from continuing this particular work_ of teaching\nJew, Christian and Moslem on the same plane, the demand being that the\nJew should not be brought into such contact with the Moslem and the\nChristian, and that he alone should be trained, that he might not be\ninfected, as it were, by the others, _and that they might not be\nprepared to compete with him for possession of the land. This spirit I\nmet in a more thoroughly organized and offensive form on my latest visit\nin 1919 and 1920_.\n\n\u201cI found immense progress in the development of agricultural colonies.\nThere was still difficulty in persuading the Jew, except only the\nAfrican or Arabian Jew, to do the actual work of the colony, but\ncolonies were prospering, and fruit-culture, vine-culture and especially\nthe manufacture of wine and liquors on a grand and most scientific\nscale, had progressed wonderfully. In general, the land occupied by\nthose colonies was not in a proper sense ancient Jewish land. They were\non the Sharon and Esdraelon plains and in the extreme upper end of the\nJordan Valley; but those regions were being enriched, and the country at\nlarge benefited by the colonists. The great bulk of the Jews were still\ngathered in Jerusalem as heretofore, and there were on one hand the\nintellectuals and on the other the parasitic or pauperized Jew, what\nwould ordinarily be regarded as the very best and the very worst. Life\nin the colonies was often very sweet and very lovely, a wholesome,\nnormal family life, and an exhibition in peace and prosperity of what\nreligious Judaism at its best may be.\n\n\u201cIn Jerusalem one found the extremes of intensely narrow and bitter\northodoxy, and unbelief with extreme Bolshevik radicalism. Here, too,\naggressive Zionism manifested itself in an attitude of bumptiousness and\naggressiveness. The country was for the Jew. It belonged to him and he\nwould shortly take possession. One was made to feel that one\u2019s presence\nin the land was objected to. The Hebrew press contained angry diatribes\nagainst the existence of Christian schools and missions. The attitude\ntaken by these Zionists at first alarmed, then aroused and irritated\nenormously, the native population, both Christian and Moslem, making the\nJew an object of dread and hatred as he had never been before. I had\nopportunities to talk on intimate and friendly terms with leaders in all\ncamps, albeit I was unable, through language difficulties, to\ncommunicate with the rank and file as freely as I should like to have\ndone. I myself felt the annoyance and in some places the danger of the\nanimosity aroused. Under government order I was not permitted to visit\ncertain sections of the country on account of the raids or uprisings of\nthe Arabs, partly due to animosity roused by their apprehension of the\nJewish invasion, and partly due to banditry, which took advantage of\nthat as an occasion. In other parts it was difficult to travel, because\nany stranger, unless he could prove the contrary, was suspected of being\nan agent of the Zionists, spying out the land for possession by the\nJews. It was difficult to obtain lodgings or food, and there were\nsometimes unpleasantly hostile demonstrations on account of these\nsuspicions. Everywhere it was believed that the Jew by unfair means was\nseeking to oust the true owners and to take possession of their land.\n\n\u201cIn Jerusalem it was asserted that the Zionist funds, or the Jewish\nfunds which the Zionists could influence or control, were used to\nsubsidize Jewish artisans or merchants to underbid Christians and\nMoslems and thus oust them by unfair competition, and that similar means\nwere being used to acquire lands or titles to lands. It was even\nbelieved by many that the English authorities were unduly favoring and\nhelping the Jews in these endeavors, as is shown by a letter from a\nChristian in Jaffa published in the _Atlantic Monthly_:\u2014\n\n  \u201c\u2018We are already feeling that we have a government within a\n  government. British officers cannot stand on the right side because\n  they are afraid of being removed from their posts or ticked off.\u2019\n\n\u201cFrom time immemorial the Jews the world over have contributed for the\nhelp of pious Jews in Jerusalem and the other sacred cities, Hebron,\nTiberias and Safed, the so-called _halukha_ or dole, in return for which\nthe Jews in those cities were to win merit for themselves and those who\ncontributed to their support by study of the law, prayer and pious\nobservances. St. Paul carried over the same practice into the Christian\nChurch, causing alms to be collected in the different congregations to\nbe transferred to Jerusalem for the benefit and support of the\nChristians living there. To this day annual collections are taken in the\nRoman Catholic churches throughout the world which go to the Franciscans\nfor the same use in Jerusalem. The Greeks and Armenians have like\ncustoms. In the past there had been no prejudice with regard to these\ndoles, but now, it was claimed, the Zionist committees were using the\nmoneys thus collected or contributed to organize and help their people\nin a systematized attempt to gain the upper hand in the land.\n\n\u201cPerhaps the attitude of the extremists who possessed the dominating\npower in the community can best be shown by the utterances of one of\ntheir own organs, written in Hebrew. (It should be stated that _the\nEnglish edition of this journal was, as a rule, quite different in its\ncontents from the Hebrew edition_.) One article, entitled \u2018Malignant\nLeprosy,\u2019 is a denunciation of parents who allow their children to go to\nany school except those under the control of Jews and conforming to the\ndemands of the local Zionist Committee. Parents are notified that a list\nhas been made by the Zionist Committee of all children who are attending\nforeign schools, even though they are not subjected to any religious\nteaching, and it is demanded that they shall be withdrawn from those\nschools and placed in schools where they shall be taught the Hebrew\nlanguage, customs and traditions, and kept separate from contamination\nby the Gentile, with his different ways and customs. Those teaching in\nforeign schools, or schools not complying with the conditions laid down\nby this committee, are ordered to withdraw from their positions. The\n\u2018malignant leprosy\u2019 is the contamination by the outside world which\nresults from education with the Gentiles. It is admitted in this\narticle, in answer to protests, that the opportunities in some of the\nnon-Jewish schools, are better than in the Jewish schools\u2014for example,\nin the teaching of foreign languages, so important for conducting\nbusiness or securing employment; that there is greater diligence in\ninstructing; and better hours and better care of pupils. Nevertheless,\nparents are informed that they must sacrifice for the sake of their race\nthose chances for their children, doing their best meanwhile to raise\ntheir own schools to the higher level. Those who are failing to live up\nto these ideals are designated as \u2018traitors\u2019 and by other opprobrious\nnames, and the article ends with this threat of persecution to any who\ndo not obey the orders of the Zionist Committee thus conveyed:\n\n  \u201c\u2018Let him know at least that it is forbidden him to be called by the\n  name of Jew and there is to him no portion or inheritance with his\n  brethren, and if after a time they will not try to reform, let them\n  know that we will fight against them by all lawful means at our\n  disposal. Upon a monument of shame we will put their names for a\n  reproach and blaming forever, and unto the last generation shall\n  their deeds be written. If they are supported, their support will\n  cease, and if they are merchants, with a finger men will shoot at\n  them, and if they are Rabbis, they will be moved far from their\n  office, and with the ban shall they be persecuted, and all the\n  people of the world shall know that there is no mercy in judgment.\u2019\n\n\u201cThis was followed about a month later by a second article, also in\nHebrew, entitled \u2018Fight and Win,\u2019 which announced that the threatened\npersecution would now be carried out:\n\n  \u201c\u2018The names of the traitorous parents and of the boys and girls who\n  have not taken notice of the warnings ought to be published at once\n  and without delay, in the papers and on public notices, placarded at\n  the entrance of every street. The list of these names should be sent\n  to the heads of every institution and to the rulers of the\n  synagogues, to hospitals, to those who arrange and solemnize\n  marriages, and to the directors of the American Jewish Relief Fund,\n  and so on. It should be the title of \u201cBlack List\u201d and \u201cTraitors to\n  Their People.\u201d An order should go forth to all, and if one of these\n  men has a son, he shall not be circumcised; in case of death the\n  body is not to be buried among Israelites; religious marriages will\n  not be sanctioned; Jewish doctors will not visit their sick; relief\n  will not be given to them when they are in need, if they are on the\n  list of the American relief fund\u2014in short, we must hunt them down\n  until they are annihilated. Men will cry to them: \u201cOut of the way,\n  unclean, unclean!\u201d Because these people will be considered as\n  malicious renegades, there can be no connecting link between them\n  and us. Again, the society of young men and girls of Jerusalem must\n  accept it as a principle to expel from their societies all those who\n  visit these schools; to point the finger of scorn at them; and to\n  make them see that they are put out of the camp. These traitor\n  scholars, boys and girls, must understand themselves that they are\n  sinners and transgressors, who are isolated, driven from all\n  society, separated from the Jewish community, after they have once\n  despised Israel and its holiness, and it will be interdicted to all\n  sons of Israel to come near them.... War against the traitors among\n  our people. War by all means legal. War without pity or mercy; that\n  the traitors may know that they must not trifle with the sentiment\n  of a people. Fight and win.\u2019\n\n\u201cThe Zionist Committee, _of whom one was an American_, followed this by\na printed announcement that the time of grace had passed and that\nforthwith the names of those who were still refractory would be posted\npublicly on street-corners, and the boycott begin. Miss Landau, a devout\nJewess, the head of the best and highest Jewish school for girls in the\ncity, the Eva Rothschild School, one of those, however, whose pupils and\nteachers were threatened under these rulings because they would not\nfollow the dictates of the Zionist Committee, appealed to the civil\nauthorities. The committee was haled into court and the threatened\nboycott enjoined.\n\n\u201cWith such an attitude on the part of Zionist leaders in Jerusalem it\nmight be expected that violence would ensue. Easter is a time of great\nexcitement and unrest in Jerusalem for Christians, Jews and Moslems\nalike, for with Easter coincide the Jewish Passover and the Moslem\npilgrim feast of Nebi Musa, when Moslems gather from all over Palestine\nto hear sermons in the Haram Esh-Sherif, and then march to the so-called\ntomb of Moses near the Dead Sea. The religious excitement of that season\nwhich vents itself in curses of each against the others, is always\nlikely to produce physical outbursts if the cursers come into contact\nwith one another. The Turks wisely segregated at that time each religion\nin its own quarter. This, in spite of warnings and requests from the\nMoslem religious leaders, the English failed to do, either through\nultra-confidence in the _pax anglicana_, or because of objections from\nJewish representatives against such segregation as applied to them. For\ndays beforehand hot-heads among the Jews and Moslems were inciting to\nriot, and in their quarter Jewish trained bands were preparing for the\nconflict, a preparation of which Moslems from long wont probably had no\nneed. On Easter morning, 1920, the fanatical Moslems of Hebron arrived\nat the Jaffa gate with their sacred banner, singing their songs of\nreligions intolerance. There numerous Jews were waiting to greet them.\nThe English Tommies with their officers were all in church. Whose\ninsults were the worst and who struck the first blow is not clear.\nBattle was speedily joined. _The Jews were better armed_, with guns\nagainst the Moslem knives; but the Moslems were the better fighters. The\ncity within the walls was speedily in their hands. The Jews living there\nwere the old-time Sephardic families, dwelling close-packed in miserable\nslums, with no sympathy with Zionism, peaceful and quite unprepared.\nMoslem fury vented itself on these poor wretches. Without the walls the\nJews were in the vast majority. All told, by official count there were\nat that time 28,000 Jews, 16,000 Christians and 14,500 Moslems in\nJerusalem. What the Moslem did within the walls the Jew endeavored to do\nwithout the walls. Before my eyes an Arab camp just below the great\nJewish quarters was set upon, burned and plundered, the poor inhabitants\nfleeing for their lives while guns popped from the Jewish quarter. Two\nmen were killed there. When the troops reached the scene the great bulk\nof rioters whom they rounded up were Jews. The subsequent court\nproceedings also seemed to place the chief responsibility for the\noutbreak on them. The major sentences were equally divided between Jews\nand Moslems, but of _the criminals who received lighter sentences the\nmajority were Jews_. For a week we lived in a state of siege, not\nallowed to pass in or out of the city gates, or to show ourselves on\nroof or balcony after sundown, and for months there were guards at every\nturn, assemblies were prohibited and there was continual danger of a new\noutbreak.\n\n\u201cThe appointment of Sir Herbert Samuel, a Jew, as governor of the new\nprotectorate under the Zionist Mandate, greatly increased the\nexcitement. In Moslem towns like Nablus it was openly said in my\npresence that no Jew might enter the place and live. The Christians, who\nhad taken no part in the riots, were nevertheless to a man in sympathy\nwith the Moslems, and one saw the curious spectacle of Cross and\nCrescent making common cause. It was prophesied that should Sir Herbert\ncome as governor, he would never enter Jerusalem alive. In point of\nfact, he landed at Jaffa and came up to Jerusalem under strong guard,\n_with machine-guns before and behind_, and the following week made a\nvisit to Nablus and Haifa in the same manner. That was the situation\nwhen I left Palestine. Sir Herbert had at that time just issued his\ndeclaration and his interpretation of the mandate. _English officers and\nofficials almost to a man were against the Zionist Mandate_, and their\nutterances in many cases were extraordinarily frank. Some of the most\nprominent and best-trained sought transfers to other posts because of\ntheir feelings on the matter, and some resigned.\n\n\u201cIt has since that time been extremely difficult to obtain reliable\ninformation of prevailing conditions. It would seem, however, from all\nthe information I have been able to gather, that Sir Herbert, who is, I\nbelieve, not himself a Zionist, has acted with singular tact and\ndiscretion. He has shown great fairness and indicated his intention to\ngovern with impartiality, granting no special favors to any, nor\nallowing outside committees or local organizations to dictate or assume\nto dictate unfair policies. When I left Palestine, Jews were leaving in\nconsiderable numbers, especially those claiming American citizenship, so\nthat the outgo was larger than the income. Since then, if I may judge by\nreports, Jews have been coming in, chiefly from eastern European\ncountries, some parasitic and objectionable, others of a higher type.\nSome of the latter, graduates of universities, both men and women, may\nbe seen engaged in hard manual labor, I am told, building roads and the\nlike, not despising to do such work in order to secure their Palestinian\nhome and fulfill their aspirations.\n\n\u201cIt is too soon to judge the future of the Zionist experiment in\nPalestine. If the English authorities will give fair play to all, and if\nthe Jews will pursue the old policy of the Alliance Israelite and its\nschools of seeking to benefit all dwellers of the land alike, to break\ndown, not to build up, religious, racial and social prejudices, then the\nJew may perhaps overcome the present prejudice against him, and his\ninvasion of Palestine may prove to be a blessing both to himself and to\nthe land. The methods of those in control of the Zionist movement in\nPalestine while I was there were, however, aimed in the opposite\ndirection and tended to make the Jew an object of hatred and violence\nwherever the opportunity for violence offered. This has been illustrated\nagain by the recent bloody riot in Jaffa which compelled the expedition\nof a British warship to that port; and the order issued holding up all\nimmigration shows that not Jaffa only but the whole country is unsafe.\n_The Jews in Palestine are now protected only by force of British arms.\nWere the British troops withdrawn, the Jews would be exterminated by the\nangry natives, of whom the Moslems alone outnumber them in the ratio of\nmore than ten to one; and with such action the neighboring countries\nwould sympathize, yielding ready assistance if any were required.\nMesopotamia and Egypt are seething with disaffection against British\nrule, and racial-religious ferment, and Palestine is to them and to the\nArabs of Arabia a holy land included in the heritage of Islam. Moslem\nIndia also feels this keenly, and the British have been obliged to\nwithdraw Moslem Indian troops from Palestine, because they will not\nfight fellow-Moslems._\n\n\u201cIn this country the Jewish problem which we have hitherto had to face\nis not a result of religious antipathy. Religiously, politically and\neconomically, the Jew has the same opportunity as everyone else. The\nJewish problem here has been merely a matter of social prejudice,\nresulting from the extremely difficult task of amalgamating with great\nrapidity an enormous population, alien in race, culture, custom and\nhabit. In 1880 there were, according to Jewish statistics, 250,000 Jews\nin this country. The Jews now claim 3,500,000, for the most part an\nundistributed mass huddled together in a few of the great\ncities\u2014one-third of them in New York. Coming in such great numbers in so\nshort a time and herding together thus, intentionally or unintentionally\nthey help one another to resist the process of Americanization. This\nenormously increases the incidence of social prejudice. Those who have\nno conscious prejudice either of religion or of race are in danger of\nimbibing or developing such prejudice as a method of protection of their\ninstitutions, their traditions and their habits. The Zionist movement,\nwith its intentional development of race consciousness and race\npeculiarity on the part of the Jew, is an additional obstacle against\nthe efforts of those Jews and those Christians who are seeking to break\ndown prejudice and to bring Jew and Christian together within a common\nrecognition of the Golden Rule: that each should treat the other as he,\nin like instance, would wish to be treated by him. One of the greatest\nof English Jews, honored and respected by Jew and Christian alike for\nhis learning, his philanthropy and his godly piety, says of this\nracial-political Zionism that it has broken his heart, and set the clock\nbackward for his people a hundred years. The Christian lover of his\ncountry and his fellow-men may well express a similar feeling on his\nside.\u201d\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of September 17, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                 LIII.\n                 How Jews Ruled and Ruined Tammany Hall\n\n\nWithin the memory even of young men, Tammany Hall has been the synonym\nof all political trickery, in the vocabulary of popular criticism.\nTammany Hall was held up as the worst example of boss rule and political\ncorruption that it was possible to find in either of the parties. Its\nvery name became a stigma.\n\nBut even the most unobservant newspaper reader must have observed the\ngradual fading out of Tammany Hall from public comment, the cessation of\nthe bitter criticism, the entire absence of headlines bristling with\nugly charges, and the calling of the hosts of good citizenship to do\nbattle against the grim bossism that maintained its headquarters at the\nWigwam.\n\nWhy this change? Is it due to the dying out of Tammany Hall as a\npolitical force? No, Tammany is still there, as any New York politician\nwill tell you. Is it due, then, to a reform of that organization? No,\nthe Tammany tiger has not changed its stripes. Then, perhaps, this\nchange is due to public sentiment? Not at all. The explanation is to be\nfound along other lines.\n\nThere was a time when fearless publications told the truth about\nTammany, but _Harper\u2019s Weekly_ and others which waged fierce war against\nthe Tiger, have either gone out of existence or have fallen under\ncontrol of the Jews. The silence which has shrouded certain matters must\nnot be noted and set aside without reference to the changed control of\nthe press. There was a time when public bodies like the Citizens\u2019 Union\norganized to oppose Tammany and to keep a volunteer vigil on its\nactivities: these groups have succumbed to Jewish contributions and\nofficership and no longer stand guard.\n\nThe outcry against Tammany seemed to be hushed the moment that Tammany\npatronage fell into the hands of New York Jews, where it now reposes,\nthe Kehillah being the real political center, and Tammany but a\ndistributing station\u2014a sort of organizational \u201cGentile front\u201d for the\nmore powerful Kehillah. A few Tammany leaders are permitted to strut out\nin front, but everyone knows that from the Wigwam chiefs the power has\ndeparted, it is now to be found in Jewish conferences. Murphy is still\nthe titular head of Tammany, but like a Samson shorn, he is not feared\nand obeyed as of yore. In fact, the Judaization of Tammany Hall is now\ncomplete. Once in a while the Irish\u2014always a match for the Jews\u2014rear\ntheir heads and show battle, but for the most part Jewish money rules\nand the Tiger lies down.\n\nTammany Hall was one of the strongest political organizations ever seen\nin the United States, potent not only in municipal and state politics,\nbut often exercising a decisive influence on national affairs. It was,\nwithout exaggeration, _powerful_.\n\nIf there is one quality that attracts Jews, it is power. Wherever the\nseat of power may be, thither they swarm obsequiously. As Tammany was\npower and the gate of power, it was natural that the Jews of the biggest\nJewish city in the world should court it. Doubtless, they were also\naffected by the incongruity of the fact that in the biggest Jewish city,\nthe most solid political power was non-Jewish. That was a condition\nwhich called for correction.\n\nWhen the German Jewish banker, Schoenberg, came to this country under\nthe name of August Belmont to represent the interests of the\nRothschilds, his keen eye at once took in the situation and at once he\nbegan to court the favor of Tammany. He became a member and a supporter.\nIt was good business for this Jewish banker, because the funds of the\nRothschilds were heavily invested in New York tractions. The properties\nof city tractions were and to a great extent still are, as in all\nAmerican cities, at the mercy of the local Tammany power, by whatever\nname it may be known. Belmont was insinuating himself under the wing of\npower to protect the investments for which he was responsible.\n\nAugust Belmont eventually attained the coveted eminence of Grand Sachem\nof the Tammany Society. The Belmont family for a time represented the\nsole Jewish banking support of Tammany Hall, but that honor is now\ndivided among many.\n\nIn Richard Croker\u2019s day, when corruption went hand in hand with power,\nand power apparently was none the weaker for it, we find that this\nnotorious leader\u2019s intimate friend, business partner and political\nassociate was a Jew\u2014Andrew Freedman. Freedman and Croker lived together\nat the Democratic Club in Fifth Avenue, Tammany politicians even then\nhaving become rich enough to despise Fourteenth Avenue. Freedman held\nthe purse strings of the organization, as head of the Committee on\nFinance, and he was Croker\u2019s representative and mouthpiece when the\nchief went into exile on an over-sea estate.\n\nThe most recent Jewish power in Tammany Hall, and one of the most\nliberal contributors to Tammany campaign funds, is the lawyer, Samuel\nUntermeyer, whose specialty of recent years seems to be to serve as the\nbattering ram of the Jewish power against interests which it wants\ndestroyed, and whose efforts are usually camouflaged under exaggerated\njournalistic advertisements as being wholly in the public interest. Mr.\nUntermeyer is not in particularly good humor with Tammany these days,\nbecause of the recent defeat of his son, Irving Untermeyer, for a\njudgeship. There was somewhere a slip. The Jews deserted the Wilson ship\nanyway, apparently seeing what was coming in the way of retribution for\nthe colossal and amazing mismanagement of war business which was\nprincipally in their hands; and in the ensuing mix-up, a scion of the\nhouse of Untermeyer tasted defeat.\n\nTammany numbers other Jews among its supporters. Nathan Straus, one of\nthe owners of R. H. Macy & Company, has been for years an active member\nof the organization and one of the rulers of its inner councils.\n\nA Jewish ghetto politician, Henry M. Goldfogle, has represented the\nJewish interests in Congress for a number of years, and expected to\ncontinue, but he slipped in the election and has recently been \u201ctaken\ncare of\u201d by a city appointment.\n\nThere is also Judge Rosalsky who has been implicated in a number of\ninteresting matters which illustrate the completeness of the Jewish\nnetwork of control in New York City.\n\nOne might mention also M. L. Erlanger and Warley Platzek, justices of\nthe supreme court of the state of New York, but if one began a list of\nthe Jewish judiciary of that city, where would one end?\n\nAnother Tammanyite is Randolph Guggenheimer, founder of the corporation\nlaw firm of Guggenheimer, Untermeyer and Marshall\u2014Untermeyer being the\naforesaid grand inquisitor of Gentile activities generally and Marshall\nbeing head of the American Jewish Committee and the Kehillah.\n\nIt was doubtless necessary for a Jewry that contemplated control of the\njudiciary as well as special protection for certain powerful Jewish\nenterprises that are near enough the borderline of the law to merit\nquestion\u2014it was necessary to obtain control of the supreme political\nengine through which favors were disbursed in local politics. And\ncontrol of such organizations can always be had by money.\n\nNot that the Jews threw themselves entirely into Tammany. The Jew\u2019s\nnatural political home seems to be in the Republican party, for thither\nhe returns after venture elsewhere. But his predilection for the\nRepublican party does not move the Jew to make the mistake of being\nexclusively the partisan of one group. It is better, as he knows, to\ncontrol both groups.\n\nAs a matter of political fact, strong as is the Jewish element in\nTammany, it is still stronger in the ranks of the Republican party,\nwhile New York Socialism is completely headed and manned by Jews. This\nrenders it extremely easy for the Jews to swing support in whichever\ndirection they choose, and for Kehillah to fulfill any threat it may\nmake. It also insures that any Jewish candidate on any ticket will be\nelected. The fluke in the case of young Untermeyer is perhaps not to be\nentirely explained politically; other causes were doubtless working in\nthat matter.\n\nIt is a long time since Ferdinand Levy bore the distinction of being the\nfirst Jew in New York to hold a political job. He was only a coroner,\nand the man who appointed him was only a fire commissioner, but that\nfire commissioner was Richard Croker. And Levy was solidly backed by the\nIndependent Order of B\u2019nai B\u2019rith, whose success in this matter laid the\nfoundation for more ambitious demands later.\n\nBut at the beginning, the Kehillah Jews adopted the ancient policy, not\nof putting forward their own people, but non-Jews who could be useful to\nJudah. The difference between pro-Jewish politicians who are not\nthemselves Jews, and politicians of the Jewish race, is that the former\nin office can sometimes go further than the Jew in office can, without\ndetection. This has been true at least up to this time, but it will\nprobably not be true very long, now that the people\u2019s eyes are being\nopened. The Jewish officeholder is only standing up for his race, but\nthe \u201cGentile front\u201d has betrayed the people for the pottage of Jewish\nfavor.\n\nThus, in the early days of Tammany, indeed until comparatively recent\nyears, we see the \u201cGentile front\u201d in Tammany offices and basking in the\nglory of Tammany publicity, but in the background there is always his\n\u201cJewish control.\u201d This also is a formula for citizens who wish to know\nthe meaning of things otherwise unexplainable\u2014\u201clook for the \u2018Jewish\ncontrol.\u2019\u201d\n\nTo this end, therefore, the Jews have been strong in all parties, so\nthat whichever way the election went, the Jews would win. In New York it\nis always the Jewish party that wins. The campaign is staged as an\nentertainment, a diversion for the people; they are permitted to think\nand act as if they were really making their own government, but it is\nalways the Jews that win.\n\nAnd if after having elected their man or a group, obedience is not\nrendered to the Jewish control, then you speedily hear of \u201cscandals\u201d and\n\u201cinvestigations\u201d and \u201cimpeachments,\u201d for the removal of the disobedient\nofficial. Usually a man with a \u201cpast\u201d proves the most obedient\ninstrument, but even a good man can often be tangled up in campaign\npractices that compromise him.\n\nIt has been commonly known that Jewish manipulation of campaign matters\nhas been so skillfully handled, that no matter which candidate was\nelected, there was ready made a sufficient amount of evidence to\ndiscredit him in case his Jewish masters needed to discredit him. To\narrange this is part of the thoroughness of Jewish control. And, of\ncourse, the American people have been sufficiently trained to roar\nagainst the public official immediately the first Jewish political hound\nemits its warning bay.\n\nAmazing as is the technique of the Jewish political process, the\nreadiness with which the American people can be counted on to do their\npart in forwarding the game is still more amazing.\n\nWhat Mr. Hylan, the present mayor of New York has done to merit\nchastisement, is scarcely clear to a non-partisan investigator. But the\nfact that the Jews have set out to \u201cget\u201d him for something, is evident\non every side.\n\nIn the Untermeyer so-called \u201chousing investigation,\u201d the people hauled\nup were non-Jews, and the result of the whole business has been a\nstronger Jewish hold than ever on the housing affairs of New York. Jews\nare exempt from such inquisitions. The choice prey are non-Jewish\nbusiness houses whose secrets may be forced and whose good name may be\nstained under cover of a legal procedure. There is such a thing as\nblackmail so entirely respectable as to be unsuspected.\n\nGovernor Sulzer, of New York, was the choice of the Jews. They\nsubscribed money for his campaign, forced it on him, and kept careful\naccount of it. Finally, under pressure of a compelling sense of justice,\nSulzer pardoned a non-Jewish valet of an important Jewish New York\nfamily, a young man whom a coterie of Jews very prominent in the\npolitical, financial and social worlds had contrived to \u201cput away\u201d for a\nperiod of 30 years. Sulzer had no option but to pardon young Brandt. But\nhe paid the penalty. He was impeached. The Jews who supported him\ntestified against him and their checks were used to assist his\ndismissal.\n\nThe story of young Brandt hangs heavily over the heads of some of the\nproudest Jewish names in New York.\n\nPlaying on both sides of the political fence, and always retaining a\nstring on the men they elect to office, are two Jewish characteristics\nwhich should not fail to be reckoned with. THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT, in\nits recent articles showing the hand of Paul Warburg in the Federal\nReserve System, was able to prove by Mr. Warburg\u2019s own words that his\nfirm, Kuhn, Loeb & Company, during the three-cornered fight between\nRoosevelt, Taft and Wilson, supported all three. The Jewish owners of R.\nH. Macy & Company, New York, illustrate the same principle; while Nathan\nStraus looked after affairs at Tammany Hall, his brother and partner,\nIsador Straus, was one of the most active opponents of Tammany. Were the\ninterests of the two men therefore different? Not at all.\n\nTake the firm of Guggenheimer, Untermeyer and Marshall. This is a\nnotable firm for the part it plays in the people\u2019s business. Every\ncommunity in America has been affected by Louis Marshall\u2019s decisions as\nhead of the American Jewish Committee. Untermeyer is the arch-inquisitor\nfor Jewry. Randolph Guggenheimer, the founder of the firm, achieved the\nforemost influence of any except the Chief in the old Wigwam, and was a\npower to be reckoned with in all matters. But Louis Marshall is a\n\u201cstaunch\u201d Republican and a member of the Republican Club. Here again is\nthe favorite method of including all parties under the capacious wing of\nthe Jewish program.\n\nHence the popularity of \u201cFusion\u201d in New York City elections. It has\nbecome the fad, but its most notable purpose is to insure the election\nof a Jew whatever his politics may be. In some Assembly Districts it is\nimpossible to find anyone but a Jew to vote for. When Otto A. Rosalsky,\na jurist who was implicated in the Brandt scandal, was re-elected Judge\nof General Sessions in 1920, he was the \u201cFusion\u201d candidate on both the\nDemocratic and Republican tickets. It was perhaps fortunate for his\ncandidacy that he was. The point just now is that whenever a candidate\nmay be vulnerable, it is very desirable to forestall a fight upon him by\neliminating all opposition before the election. \u201cFusion\u201d is another\nmatter that should be carefully scrutinized in behalf of American rule\nof American cities.\n\nBy the way things are going in New York, these inter-party and \u201cfusion\u201d\nexpedients may soon be unnecessary, because in any event it will be most\ndifficult to avoid electing a Jew. Of the candidates of all parties for\nthe offices of justice of the supreme court of New York, numbering 26,\n14 were Jews. Of the Democratic presidential electors, 13 were Jews. Of\nthe Republican presidential electors, 14 were Jews. Of the Socialist\npresidential electors, 22 were Jews.\n\nThe strength of Tammany had exactly the same source as the strength of\nthe Kehillah, namely, in the foreign population; the difference being\nthat the Kehillah had a more compact foreign mass to draw upon. But both\nthe Jewish leaders and the Tammany leaders have always been alertly\naware of the fact that their power depended upon an uninterrupted flow\nof immigration, to supply the losses sustained by the Americanization of\nthe people. It is always the un-Americanized foreigner that makes the\nbest material for the Kehillah\u2019s and Tammany\u2019s purposes. The Kehillah is\nbased upon the principle of recognizing racial minorities, and Tammany\nhas made a specialty of giving representation of racial minorities in\nits councils. This was a liberal policy, and was thoroughly American in\nits original intent (as Tammany was a thoroughly American assemblage at\nits inception) but it was soon seized upon by the Jews and used to their\nown ends, and to the eventual ruin of all except Jewish representation.\nThus all through the history of immigration activity, Tammany has been\non the side of the wide open gate without any restrictions. The lower\nthe type of immigrant, the more easily amenable it is to the ward boss\u2019s\norders.\n\nTammany of recent years has been the able seconder of the Kehillah in\nall efforts to frustrate control of immigration.\n\nThe third great influx of immigration into the United States occurred in\n1884 and was really the cause of the beginning of the degeneration of\nTammany Hall. The great wave was composed of Russian, Austrian and\nHungarian Jews, whose arrival was followed by a memorable period of\ncrime, the marks of which remain to this day. Indeed, the downfall of\nRichard Croker was a direct result.\n\nAt that time the police department and the police courts before which\nall criminal cases in the city were first brought, were in the hands of\nTammany Hall. The result was a partnership between local government and\ncrime which has not been duplicated outside of Semitic countries.\n\nImmigrant Jews of the shadier type organized an association called The\nMax Hochstim Association, which was known during the Lexow Investigation\nas \u201cThe Essex Market Court Gang.\u201d One of its chief rulers was Martin\nEngel, Tammany leader of the Eighth Assembly District. The \u201cking\u201d of\nthis Jewish district was a man named Solomon who had changed his name to\nthe less revealing one of \u201cSmith,\u201d and who became known as \u201cSilver\nDollar Smith\u201d because of the fact that he ruled his little empire from\nthe Silver Dollar Saloon, which gained its name from the silver dollars\nthat were cemented into the floor of his place of business. This saloon\nwas just opposite the Essex Market Court, which was thronged daily by\nhordes of Yiddish criminals, the bondsmen, false witnesses and lawyers.\n\nLet not the fastidious reader deem it unnecessary to linger longer round\nthe old police court at Essex Market, for out therefrom came a word\nwhich has fixed itself in common English speech\u2014the term \u201cshyster,\u201d by\nwhich a certain type of lawyer is described. A Clinton street lawyer\nnamed Scheuster, whose practices were quite characteristic, made himself\nvery obnoxious to Justice Osborne. Whenever another Yiddish lawyer\nattempted a shady trick, the judge would openly denounce it as\n\u201cScheuster practice,\u201d and so it came that the first men in the\nprofession to bear the name \u201cshyster\u201d were the Yiddish lawyers of Essex\nMarket Court.\n\nTo make a nasty story brief, the Max Hochstim Association became the\nfirst organized White Slaver group in America, and the revelations made\nby the Lexow Committee are shuddering glimpses into that lowest form of\ndepravity\u2014a coolly conducted, commercialized, consolidated traffic in\nwomen. The traffic was made to yield dividends to politicians, to\nTammany Jews in particular. The Ghetto became the Red Light District of\nNew York. The first man to undertake the export trade in women with\nforeign countries, especially South America, was a man who later became\na Tammany notable.\n\nThe surprising fact is that, although these matters are written in\nofficial documents, and although the same matters have been written into\nthe record of every similar investigation which has been made, Jewish\nleaders persist in denying that the leaders in this particular form of\ndepravity are Jews. When the United States Government made a nation-wide\ninvestigation, it found and recorded the same facts. The New York\nKehillah came into existence as a defense organization at a time when\nthe exposure of the Jewish White Slave traffic threatened to overwhelm\nthe New York ghetto.\n\nThe Max Hochstim Association was not the only organization of its kind.\nThe other was the New York Independent Benevolent Association, which was\norganized in 1896 by a party of Jewish white slave dealers as they were\nreturning from the funeral of Sam Engel, brother of Martin Engel,\nTammany leader of the red light district.\n\nThe gangs that formed the backbone of Tammany power in the slum\ndistricts were made up of \u201ccadets.\u201d Their principal field of operation\nwas the cheap dance halls. Paul Kelly\u2019s gang originated in the halls\nabout lower Broadway. Monk Eastman\u2019s gang grew strong in the\nRussian-Jewish District below Delancey street. And Kid Twist\u2019s gang\ndeveloped close to a dance hall for Galician Jews on the far East Side.\nAll of these three were Jewish gang leaders. They were slavers as their\nforbears were in the days of Rome\u2019s decline; they were bootleggers\nbefore the days of prohibition; and they constituted a strong support of\nthe international narcotic ring which to this day has defied the law by\ncorrupting the officers of the law.\n\nIt was to associations like these that the lights of Tammany lent their\nnames. Tim Sullivan was a vice president of the Max Hochstim\nAssociation. The name of the Honorable Henry M. Goldfogle also appeared\non the picnic announcements.\n\nThe exposure which resulted when the white people of New York finally\nsucceeded in getting the forces of the law to function impartially for a\nlittle while, caused many of the implicated Jews to change their names.\nThese names are now representative of some of the best Jewish families,\nwhose concealed bar sinister is the fact that the foundation of the\nfamily fortune was laid in the red light district. Society, sliced down\nto its seeds, is a queer growth.\n\nIt is due in justice to say that men like Tim Sullivan were not the\noriginators of the Jewish abuses referred to, nor willing participants\nin the gains therefrom. Tammany would do favors for its friends, at the\npolice court or elsewhere; Tammany had its occasional political\nupheavals; Tammany believed that they who profited by political spoils\nshould divide with the Wigwam\u2019s treasury; but with such traffic as\nseduction and barter in women, Tammany had never been compromised until\nthe Yiddish invasion of New York and the Judaization of the Wigwam. This\nmuch must be said for the Irish and American leaders.\n\nThe situation is the same in Boston. An Irish city, its chief political\ncontrol is in the hands of Jews. The old-time Irish leaders are still\npermitted to be out in front, but the inner power has departed from\nthem. One Boston ward, where once none but Irish lived, now contains\nonly Jews, but the old-time Irish boss retains his seat. This is by\nfavor of the Jews and nothing else.\n\nThe same state of facts accounts in large degree for the connection\nbetween a man like Tim Sullivan and the Jews. \u201cTim,\u201d as everyone knew\nhim, was leader of a district inhabited by Irish and Germans. Then the\nJews came in. And then began the Jews\u2019 practice of profiting by the\npeople\u2019s dislike of them.\n\nForeign Jews well know that they are disliked. It is one of their assets\nwhich never fails to produce dividends. They choose the part of the city\nwhere they desire to live, and a few move in. Their immediate neighbors\nmove out. More Jews move in\u2014more of the others move out. The property\nnearest the Jews always goes down in value. People will sell at a loss\nrather than live engulfed in a ghetto.\n\nIt was so in Tim Sullivan\u2019s district. As the Jews swarmed in, the Irish\nand Germans fled north. Sullivan stood his ground. It was his old\nterritory, he would not leave it, nor remove his family. He cultivated\nthe new arrivals and made a partnership with the ex-kosher chicken\nbutcher, Martin Engel.\n\nThe Jews lived under Sullivan\u2019s rule for a time, awaiting the moment\nwhen they should know what to do for themselves. The Yiddish flood\nincreased until the district was crowded, and then the Jews demanded\nrepresentation for themselves. With a premonition that a new force had\narisen, Tim Sullivan played safe and helped the Jews to get\nrecognition\u2014Martin Engel was made leader of the old Eighth. But Sullivan\nhad previously gone to Tammany\u2014or to what remained of the old non-Jewish\nTammany\u2014and exacted an understanding that his rule should be left\nunchanged below Fourteenth street.\n\nFrom that time forward, in spite of the understanding, Sullivan\u2019s power\nbegan to wane, principally because he continued to get in deeper and\ndeeper with the Jews. He went into Jewish lines of business. He formed a\ntheatrical partnership with George Kraus, among his enterprises being\nthe Imperial Music Hall, the Dewey Theater, and the traveling Eagle\nBurlesque Company. Still the old district continued to become crowded\nand overcrowded and saturated with Yiddish newcomers, for whom neither\nthe name Sullivan nor the traditions of the district had any meaning.\n\nIn his closing years, scarcely more than a hanger-on around the former\nscene of his power, Tim Sullivan bitterly lamented the ease with which\nhe was led into associations that undermined his power.\n\nCroker was destroyed in public confidence by the terrific shock of the\nexposure attending the Jewish \u201ccadet\u201d activities. Sullivan, equally\npicturesque, was the slowly shoved-out victim of Jewish infiltration.\nThere were other occurrences and other downfalls, all of which are a\npart of the real story of Tammany.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of September 24, 1921.\n\n_\u201cI need hardly explain that I do not think Jews ought to insist\novermuch on their rights or nationality in a negative sense. They ought\nto be as much Jews as they can, but ought to be as little as possible of\nwhat is merely anti-Christian. For the Jews to try to get a song out of\nthe public schools because it praises Jesus is natural but perhaps\nhardly wise. I admit that question, however, is an extremely complex and\nbaffling one. Again, the Jews have naturally taken a great interest in\nthis war, but in that case also they ought to choose as far as possible\nthe more tolerant view. Too much hostility to Russia was shown, it seems\nto me, when some of their spokesmen were fighting over the wording of\nthe Immigration Act. They seemed to be fighting not for a real gain, but\nsimply to rub their political power in America into the Russian mind.\u201d_\n\n                                                      \u2014_Norman Hapgood._\n\n\n\n\n                                  LIV.\n               Jew Wires Direct Tammany\u2019s Gentile Puppets\n\n\nThe proposal that non-Jews emigrate from New York City, 500,000 in the\nfirst exodus, and 500,000 in the second, to hasten the event which is\nheld to be certain of occurrence, namely, that New York shall become an\nall-Jewish city, may be a joke; but it is no joke that the Jews\nthemselves discuss and have proposed that the City of New York be\nseparated from the state of New York, and made both a state and city in\nitself. This would entail three governments\u2014state, county and\nmunicipal\u2014whose offices the Jews could parcel out as they pleased.\nBesides, it would rid them of Albany. It is a most amazing fact that the\nstate capital, bad as it is, has always been able to defeat the New York\nJew in his most ardently pursued quests, as notably, his insistent\nappeal to abrogate the Sunday law.\n\nOf course, if the non-Jews emigrated from New York, the Jews would soon\nfollow. They are not self-sufficient. If New York could be isolated,\nJewish initiative would not suffice to provide enough potatoes for the\ninhabitants.\n\nIt is too trite to say that New York is already in the hands of the\nJews. But it would be most startling to give a schedule illustrating how\ncompletely this is so. The New Yorker himself can scarcely comprehend\nthe extent of his vassalage to the Jew. The average intelligent New\nYorker does not know what the Kehillah is, nor yet how it works. Like\nthe child born within sound of Niagara Falls, the New Yorker takes\nJewish supremacy as a matter of course, as the way things should be, and\nas the way they probably are elsewhere. The New Yorker is thus like a\nnative of the Balkans.\n\nThe Hylan administration, ostensibly non-Jewish, is really Jewish, as\nany New York administration must necessarily be, except there should\narise a man whose ambition would be to prove that New York could be\nbetter governed if the Jews should be excluded from the government.\nWell-informed New Yorkers say that the power of Hylan is Hirschfield.\n\nThis is a rather peculiar situation to those who do not understand how\nthe Jewish leaders work. Directly you say the Hylan administration is\nJewish, it is objected: \u201cBut it is the arch-Jewish inquisitor,\nUntermeyer, who is trying to break down the Hylan administration!\u201d\nExactly. That is the game. It\u2019s inside and outside that does it. There\nis power gained in making them and there is power gained in breaking\nthem, and often it is profitable to try both ways with the same man.\nThat is the way Russia went: there were Jews plentifully sprinkled\nthroughout the government of Russia (in spite of the \u201cpersecution\u201d) and\nthere were Jews outside. Between the two, they got Russia. It is the\nsame in a Texas city today. Four non-Jewish candidates for postmaster\nwere made the center of a political deadlock\u2014up through the deadlock\npops a Jew as a compromise candidate for all sections. A sufficient\nnumber of Jews were available in that city to keep all the non-Jewish\ncandidates in a deadlock until their own man was trotted out. The\n\u201cGentile mind,\u201d of course, does not easily realize these turnings and\ntwistings of group conspiracy. And that is why the Jews feel safe, as a\nrule: they rely on what they call \u201cGentile stupidity.\u201d The Gentile says,\n\u201cincredible!\u201d And the traditional Jewish game is incredible, until by\nmountainous proofs and centuries of illustration the actuality of it is\nforced home to the mind.\n\nBut to return to the New York City government: The police department has\nits Jewish streak in the higher offices\u2014a Jewish police commissioner who\nhas fortunately escaped thus far the full story of his career. The\ndepartment of health, where it actually touches the people, is Jewish,\nalthough occasionally a distinguished non-Jewish name meets the eye in\nthe roster of the higher officials. The public health is becoming more\nand more a Jewish monopoly in all our cities. The department of\naccounts, the board of child welfare, the board of inebriety, the\nmunicipal service commission, the board of taxes and assessments, are\nall under the leadership and domination of Jews.\n\nThe judiciary becomes increasingly Jewish, litigation is almost\noverwhelmingly Jewish, and the consequences to the reputation of the\ncourts of justice and the profession of the law are well understood.\nReal estate exploitation and speculation is strictly Jewish, the\nprofiteers treating even their own co-nationalists with the utmost\ncruelty.\n\nIn short, New York\u2019s most influential press (within New York) is the\nYiddish press; New York\u2019s real government is the Yiddish Kehillah; New\nYork\u2019s real administration of the law is the Yiddish administration; New\nYork\u2019s real politics is Jewish. A little more, and New York\u2019s official\nlanguage would be the Yiddish dialect.\n\nIn all this Tammany Hall is little more than a name; it is one of the\nrallying centers which the Jews have left the non-Jew who still\ninterests himself in New York politics. There must be rallying places\nfor the non-Jews, and one or two do not hurt. The Jew has the double\nadvantage in such a matter, for while he claims equality with all, he\ndenies equality with any. That is, any Jew proclaims his right to join\nany fraternity, or any club, or any society, or any party whose members\nare chiefly non-Jewish, but where is the Jewish fraternity, or club, or\nsociety that admits non-Jewish members? The newspapers carried the\nreport, after a certain occurrence, that hundreds of Jews had offered to\njoin the Knights of Columbus! It was very typical of Jewish character.\nBut let any non-Jew attempt to join the B\u2019nai B\u2019rith or the Hebrew Young\nMen\u2019s Association, or the Menorah Society, or any of the others: he will\nsee how far the principle of equality operates. \u201cWe want to be part of\nyours, but we want our own for ourselves,\u201d is the Jewish attitude.\n\nSo, politically, the New York Jew has the advantage. He belongs,\ntogether with the non-Jew, to organizations like Tammany or the\nRepublican Club\u2014but the non-Jew cannot with him belong to the Kehillah.\n\nIt is all so very familiar: the Jew insists on double everywhere. In the\nBalkans he insists on a double citizenship. He insists on a double\nprotection. He insists on a double standard of education. He insists on\nall his own religious rights as strenuously as he insists that all\nChristian majority rights shall be stamped out in this country. He\ninsists that he shall have his Sabbath and that you shall not have\nyours. He wants his own social rights and yours too\u2014but he wants you to\nhave only your own and not his with it. It casts serious doubts on\nJewish intelligence that this course should be so seriously pursued, as\nif on the one hand the humor of the \u201cnerve,\u201d and on the other hand the\ndisgusting impudence of it, had never appeared to his consciousness.\n\nIn New York, therefore, the Jew politically belongs twice, while all\nnon-Jews belong but once, and it can easily be perceived that this is an\nadvantage.\n\nIn the previous article it was rehearsed how Tammany besmirched its name\nby association with Jews who used the organization as a protection for\ntheir traffic in vice. This was in 1894. The revelations were so\nterrible that in any other community they would have led to a complete\nabolition of any possible chance of recovery, but as it was never made\nplain to the people that the traffic in vice was not a sudden appearance\nof rottenness among Americans, but was the normal activity of an alien\nracial strain, the moral power of exposure was dissipated. The people\nwere left staggered by what they were allowed to believe about the\norigin of the horror. People said it was Tammany because the press said\nit was Tammany, and yet people could not understand how it could be\nTammany, and so in the midst of hesitancy the fire of reform burned out.\nIt was exactly like these days when we are told that \u201cAmerican business\nmen\u201d abroad are doing terrible things; yet even while the press declares\nthem to be \u201cAmerican\u201d we cannot understand how Americans could do such\nthings\u2014and we never get the key to the matter, nor see the solution,\nuntil we stumble on to the fact that these so-called \u201cAmericans\u201d are not\nAmericans at all, but alien Jews. Over in Canada the name \u201cAmerican\u201d is\nbecoming a stigma because it is borne by men who are not Americans. What\nCanadians point out in the United States as definitely \u201cAmerican\u201d is\nmostly Jewish, but how are the Canadians to know? The national name\nsuffers. The whole cause of evil is camouflaged and a nation pays the\nprice of a racial group\u2019s misdeeds. There should be some method of\nprotecting this forging of national names.\n\nThus Tammany became a synonym for what was not characteristically\nTammany at all, but what was characteristically Jewish.\n\nThe exposure of 1894 disclosed that vice was really a thing of cold\nblood. Evil that springs from passion and impulse really amounts to far\nless than is commonly supposed. It is when passion is deliberately\ncultivated and impulse stimulated, that the great bulk of the world\u2019s\nsocial evil occurs. And this stimulation is undertaken in cold blood by\nthose who make profit out of providing the means of gratification\u2014like\nthe old-fashioned bar keepers who served very salty free lunches to\nstimulate the sale of beer.\n\nThis kind of vice is not a thing to be shamed by exposure as can be done\nwith involuntary vice, as it might be called. This cold-blooded\nmerchandising of human weakness was merely a matter of profits, and if\nbusiness had been interfered with by a Lexow Committee it was rather\nunfortunate, but good business required that operations be resumed at\nthe earliest possible moment. And so, though the investigations of 1894\nwere successful and the exposure duly made, it was not to be expected\nthat mere oratory and printer\u2019s ink would suffice to keep the serpent\ndown.\n\nIt was only seven years before scandal flamed again throughout the\nlength and breadth of New York, and strangely enough\u2014strange enough in\nall conscience for \u201cGentile fronts\u201d of this day and generation to\nheed!\u2014it was found again that the traffic in evil and its ramifications\nall over the land, and even to foreign countries, was in the hands of\nJews. There was no doubt about it. There was even no accident about it.\nThe fact was as continuous as it was colossal.\n\nWilliam Travers Jerome, then Justice of the Court of Special Sessions,\nmade in 1901 a ringing indictment of conditions in the city and used the\nfull power of his court to punish wrongdoers; he even went so far as to\nspecify individuals and political connections\u2014but he did not mention the\nkeyword of it all, which was \u201cJew.\u201d It was doubtless wise for him that\nhe did not, else he could not have enjoyed the subsequent political\ncareer which came to him.\n\nTammany was defeated in the election of 1901. The defeat was due to the\nsame cause\u2014the stigma of Jew-controlled vice traffic under political\nprotection.\n\nIt was at this time that Richard Croker \u201cabdicated.\u201d He was a rich man.\nHe sailed for Ireland, where he became a country squire on his Wantage\nestate.\n\nPublic curiosity was fed the statement that Croker had selected Lewis\nNixon to be his successor, but this turn in Tammany\u2019s career is too\nimportant to be thus misstated. The truth is that _when Croker left he\nsurrendered Tammany to the Jews_.\n\nCroker could confirm this if he would talk, if he should be permitted to\ntalk. It is, however, not well to have garrulous old men spilling the\nsecrets of other days. Croker in his age took a bride who is said to be\nof \u201cIndian descent,\u201d and he has not been much in touch with his family\nnor the public since.\n\nLewis Nixon was the convenient and perhaps unconscious \u201cGentile front.\u201d\nThe real ruler of Tammany in Croker\u2019s stead was Andrew Freedman,\nmentioned in the former article as Croker\u2019s friend and house mate.\n\n(Judging from the habit of individual Jews to room with baseball players\nbefore the baseball scandal, and the result of another Jew\u2019s living with\nCroker, it might be just as well to keep an eye on those other men who\nare in positions to do favors or influence legislation, whose close\ncronies happen to be Jews. Some of these friendships may indeed be\nperfectly conceived; but there are numerous instances where the plans of\nthe \u201cJewish friend\u201d are very completely matured through the agency of\nthe \u201cGentile chum.\u201d)\n\nSo, upon the departure of Croker from these shores, we find Tammany\nunder the dictatorship of a Jew who was Croker\u2019s chief influence, if not\nhis absolute master.\n\nBut by the time this occurred, it was useless for Tammany to rebel.\nTammany men who had noticed the infiltration of Jews and were alarmed by\nit had consoled themselves with the thought that, at least, the higher\noffices were immune from Jewish occupation. This consolation served only\nto permit the filling of the lower offices by Jews, with less protest\nfrom the membership. By the time the Jews were ready to permit Croker to\n\u201cabdicate,\u201d they had permeated every part of the Wigwam and the\nassumption of supreme control was thus made a simple matter. Croker\nstepped aside; instantly into his place stepped the Jew, Freedman,\noperating through Nixon.\n\nIt was too late for Tammany to remonstrate. Tammany could not protest\nagainst the Wigwam _becoming_ Jewish, because the Wigwam already _was_\nJewish. To remonstrate then was to ruin Tammany. Becoming reconciled to\nwhat seemed to be inevitable, Tammany leaders saw that their only hope\nof survival came through preserving Jewish support.\n\nPresently even Nixon was relegated to the background and Freedman issued\nhis orders directly. The Jews, however, with great astuteness continued\nto make much of Nixon, because he was the last thin veil which concealed\nthe change which had come over Tammany, and he was valuable to that\nextent. He was, unwillingly, perhaps, their puppet, but even puppets\nmust be accorded their proper dignity. Nixon was tendered a great\nreception in 1902, but the influential men on the reception committee\nwere mostly Jews: Andrew Freedman was chairman; then followed the names\nof Oliver H. P. Belmont, Max F. Ihmson, Samuel Untermeyer, Nathan\nStraus, Randolph Guggenheimer, Henry M. Goldfogle, Herman Joseph, and\nothers.\n\nOn the executive committee of Tammany Hall at this time were Randolph\nGuggenheimer, Isaac Fromme, Nathan Straus, Henry M. Goldfogle, O. H. P.\nBelmont, and other Jews.\n\nOn the committee on law were Samuel Untermeyer, M. Warlet Platzek,\nAbraham Levy, Henry W. Unger, Morris Cukor and Fred B. House.\n\nAndrew Freedman had complete control of the committee on finance that\nwas nominally headed by Lewis Nixon.\n\nRandolph Guggenheimer was president of the municipal council.\n\nFerdinand Levy was on the committee on resolutions and correspondence.\n\nJews had so spread themselves as to constitute a controlling group in\nall the assembly districts that were under tribute to Tammany. In the\n\u201cFighting Eighth\u201d district, Martin Engel was leader. His chief aid was\n\u201cManny\u201d Eichner, chairman of the Isidor Cohn Association and of the\nYoung Men\u2019s Democratic Association. His other assistants, Max J. Porges,\nMax Levein, and Moe Levy were floor managers of the dances and balls of\nthe Florence Sullivan Association.\n\nIn the Tenth district, Simon Steingutt, \u201cMayor of Second Avenue,\u201d was\none of the hardest workers in Tammany affairs.\n\nEdward Mandell was the active Jewish Tammany man in the Twelfth\ndistrict.\n\nIn the Eighteenth district, Maurice Blumenthal was one of the principal\nworkers. He devoted his career chiefly to the training of Jewish\nspeakers for the Wigwam.\n\nThe Eighteenth district was known as \u201cthe Gashouse district,\u201d notorious\nfor the Gashouse scandals over padded pay rolls, and here Charley Murphy\nruled, his aides being Julius Simon, Edward E. Slumasky, Joseph\nSchlesinger, Leopold Worms, Hugo Siegel, Alfred B. Marx, Nathan\nFernbacher, and other Jews.\n\nAnd so on through the list. Among the Sachems of the Tammany Society\nthere were to be found the wealthier and more socially exalted Jews.\n\nHowever, the Jews made their cyclically recurring mistakes: they carried\nthings with too high a hand, and rebellion broke out. It is this Jewish\ntendency to boast and overdo that has always given the game away.\nSuperficial observers and writers like John Spargo and Norman Hapgood\nhave observed the recurrent periods of protest against Jewish\npresumption and bumptiousness and have explained them as being recurrent\nspasms of a vile poison which is supposed to reside in the blood of the\nGentiles\u2014the vile poison of anti-Semitism. That, of course, is the\nconventional Jewish propagandist explanation, and Spargo and Hapgood are\nmerely retailing it. They say it always breaks out after wars. Why after\nwars? Because in wars the world sees more clearly than at other times\nthe real purpose and personality of the Jew. Thus, it is not\nanti-Semitism that breaks out\u2014it is Semitism, gross and exaggerated\nSemitism; and the serum that forms in the social body to encist and\ncontrol the germ of Semitism, comes in the form of public exposure and\nprotest. That serum is working now\u2014the serum of publicity, and the\nJewish program cannot endure it. Study the history of all things\nwhatsoever into which Jews inject themselves, from summer resorts to\nempires, and you see the same cycle appearing.\n\nThus it happened in Tammany Hall\u2014\u201ctoo much Jew\u201d engendered revolt. Lewis\nNixon became aware of his position. As a gentleman of standing and\nresponsibility he could not continue in a position whose falsity had\nbecome clear to him. When he accepted the leadership of Tammany Hall, it\nwas not with a purpose to continue the old order. His understanding was\nthat he was to be left free to restore Tammany to the plane of its\nformer serious purpose and respectable character. He discovered that he\nwas being used as the \u201crespectable Gentile front\u201d behind whose name the\nJews expected to carry on the old game. Therefore, in May, 1902, three\nmonths after the great reception above mentioned, Nixon resigned as\nleader of Tammany Hall. Doubtless the reception that was tendered him\nwas for the purpose of inducing him to love the exaltation of his\nposition so much that he would sacrifice its moral obligations.\n\nNixon accompanied his resignation with a speech in which he protested\nthat ever since he had accepted the leadership of Tammany he had been\nhampered in his every action by a group headed by Andrew Freedman; they\ndictated the names that were to be placed on the list of Sachems: \u201cWhen\nI rebelled, I found that at every turn I would be opposed by this\ncoterie of interferers; I found that all my important acts had to be\nvis\u00e9ed before they could become effective.\u201d He said he could no longer\nretain his position and his self-respect; he had to give up one or the\nother.\n\nWith this Mr. Nixon vanished from the scene of Tammany politics.\n\nThe resignation of Mr. Nixon had a bad effect on the reputation of\nTammany with the public. The plan had been to allow him to serve as long\nas ordinarily and then replace him with a Jew by means of the usual\nprocess of selection. But the resignation and the explanation that\naccompanied it, showing as it did the Jewish influence in Tammany, made\nit seem inadvisable to follow with a Jewish leader. So the district\nleaders were obliged to find another \u201cGentile front,\u201d only this time one\nwho would prove sufficiently docile. There was enough rankling disfavor\nagainst the Jews in the old organization to warrant this observance of\nappearances, at least.\n\nThe dictatorship of Freedman was seen to be a failure, much as the\ndictatorship of Trotzky is seen to be a failure. A rearrangement of\ncommittees automatically eliminated him from control, at the same time\nthe name of Croker was dropped. A triumvirate of leaders was chosen, of\nwhom Charles F. Murphy became and remains the chief. \u201cBoss Murphy\u201d he is\ncalled. Mr. Murphy has been an ideal \u201cfront,\u201d not attempting to do\nanything, not attempting to interfere with the Jews doing anything,\nkeeping wisely silent and thereby gaining a reputation for silent\nwisdom. Mr. Murphy is a millionaire. Those who do the higher Jewish\nleaders\u2019 bidding get their reward that way; there is no other reward\nthey can hope for; certainly they never have the reward of public\nconfidence and the people\u2019s gratitude.\n\nThat is the status of Tammany Hall at the present time. A few of the Old\nGuard are left at their posts, but they are officers in name only.\nTammany is no longer denounced by the public press, but the Jewish\nleaders of Tammany live daily to a chorus of praise in the\nJewish-controlled newspapers of New York. Samuel Untermeyer, for\nexample, receives more publicity in New York than does the President of\nthe United States, but it is not discriminating publicity; it does not\npenetrate to the inner purposes and consequences of his actions.\n\nThose who were the lesser Jewish lieutenants of Tammany a few years ago\nhave now arrived at posts of influence and affluence. Morris Cukor was\nmade president of the municipal service commission, to be succeeded by\nformer State Senator Abraham Kaplan. Fred B. House rose to be a city\nmagistrate. The city marshals are mostly Jewish. Jews predominate in the\nCollege of the City of New York. Jews control the municipal courts, the\ncity magistrates\u2019 courts, the city court, the New York state court of\nappeals, the New York state supreme court. They rule in the departments\nenumerated in the fore part of this article. The New York judiciary has\na distinctly Semitic complexion.\n\nThe leadership of the Tammany-controlled districts tells the same story.\nIn the second, the leader is M. S. Levine; in the Sixth, David Lazarus;\nin the Eighth, S. Goldenkranz, F. Bauman and S. Salinger; in the Ninth,\nMrs. P. Lau, in the Seventeenth, Nathan Burkan\u2014and so on.\n\nThe Jewish conquest of Tammany, however, is only one phase of the\nconquest of New York. The Jewish objective is more than political.\nMerely to strive that the lucrative and powerful officers of the city\nshall fall to their people, is not the end in view. New York has been\nturned into the Red Center of America. There most of the alien treason\ncarried on against the government of the United States has its source.\nThe United States Government has been compelled at times to regard New\nYork as almost alien soil, but even that watchfulness on the part of the\nnational government is relaxed as Jewish influence becomes more potent\nat Washington. Tammany is a convenient cover for ostensible political\nactivity as the Kehillah is for the more radical racial and\nanti-American racial activity. The United States Government could not do\nbetter than to investigate\u2014through a committee of invulnerable\nAmericans\u2014the Jewish activities of that center. And that there is much\nto investigate is indicated by the rush of Jews to Washington when it\nwas recently proposed in the United States Senate that such a thing be\ndone.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of October 1, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                  LV.\n                 B\u2019nai B\u2019rith Leader Discusses the Jews\n\n\nTo the pro-Jewish spokesmen who have filled the air with cries of \u201clies\u201d\nand \u201cslander,\u201d to those self-appointed guardians of \u201cAmerican ideals\u201d\nwho rule out with rare finality all those who would dare suggest that\npossibly there is a hidden side of the Jewish Question, it must come as\nsomething of a jolt to be reminded that in this series there is scarcely\na line that is without high Jewish authority.\n\nThe Protocols themselves are written for centuries in Jewish\nauthoritative teachings and records. All the plans that have been\ndescribed from time to time in these articles are written in the\nfundamental laws of the Jews. And all that the ancients have taught, the\nmodern Jews have reaffirmed.\n\nThe writer of these articles has had to take constant counsel of\nprudence in his selection of material, for the Jews have always counted\nconfidently on the fact that if the whole truth were told in one\ncomprehensive utterance, no one would believe it. Thus, bigots and minds\nbursting with the discoveries they have made, have never been feared by\nthe Jews. They counted on the incapacity of the non-Jews to believe or\nreceive certain knowledge. They know that facts are not accepted on\nproof, but only on understanding. Non-Jews cannot understand why human\nbeings should lend themselves to certain courses. They are, however,\nbeginning to understand, and the proof is therefore becoming more\nsignificant.\n\nThere are yet more important revelations to be made, always following\nclosely the best Jewish sources, and when these revelations are made, it\nwill be impossible for the Jewish leaders to keep silent or to deny. The\ntime is coming for American Jewry to slough off the leadership which has\nled it and left it in the bog. Leadership knows that. Indeed, it is\namazing to discover the number of indications that the attempts made to\nsuppress THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT have been made principally _to prevent\nthe Jews reading it_. The leaders do not care how many non-Jews read\nthese articles; but they do not desire their own people to read them.\nThe Jewish leaders do not desire their people\u2019s eyes to be opened.\n\nWhy? Because, just now, only Jews can truly know whether the statements\nmade in these articles are true or not. Non-Jews may know here and\nthere, as their observations may confirm the printed statements. But\ninformed Jews really _know_. And large numbers of the masses of the Jews\nreally know. When they see the truth in all its relationships in these\narticles, the hitherto \u201cled\u201d Jew may not be so tractable. Hence the\neffort to keep the non-Jewish point of view away from him.\n\nIn support of the statements that these articles have been based on\nJewish authority, we quote today a series of declarations by one of the\nmost able of the presidents of the B\u2019nai B\u2019rith, Leo N. Levi. Mr. Levi\nwas American-born and died in 1904. He was a lawyer of distinction and\nattained the presidency of the international Jewish order, B\u2019nai B\u2019rith,\nin 1900. He took part in the international politics of his people and is\ncredited with collaborating with Secretary of State John Hay on several\nimportant matters. The utterances here quoted were for the most made\nwhile he was president of B\u2019nai B\u2019rith, but all of them were published\nthe year after his death under B\u2019nai B\u2019rith auspices. There is therefore\nno question of their Jewishness.\n\nNon-Jewish defenders of the Jewish program have pretended to much\nindignation because of references that have been made to the Oriental\ncharacter of certain Jewish manifestations. The references in these\narticles have been two in number, once regarding Oriental sensuality as\nit has been introduced to the American stage by Jewish theatrical\npanderers, and again in quoting Disraeli, the Jew who became premier of\nBritain, to the effect that the Jews\u2014his people\u2014were \u201cMosaic Arabs.\u201d\n\nBut it never seemed to have occurred to Leo N. Levi to deny the Oriental\ncharacter of his race. Instead, he asserted it. On page 104 of the B\u2019nai\nB\u2019rith memorial, he excuses certain social crudities of the Jew on the\nground \u201cthat hailing originally from the Orient and having been\ncompelled for twenty centuries to live in a society of his own, he has\npreserved in his tastes much that is characteristically Oriental.\u201d Again\non page 116, he excused the multiplicity of religious rites as being due\nto the fact that the Jew \u201cdrew upon his Oriental imagination for a\nsymbolism that appealed to his ideal emotions.\u201d On page 312, he speaks\nof the Jews\u2019 \u201cOriental devotion to their parents.\u201d This easy recognition\nof the fact is commended to those bootlicking editors who, out of the\nvastness of their ignorance of the Jewish Question, have seen in the\nreference to Orientalism an \u201cinsult\u201d to the Jews and an unfailing\nindication of anti-Semitism.\n\nThe Jewish Question! Ah, that is another point which pro-Jewish\nspokesmen hasten to deny, but they will be somewhat disturbed by the\ncandor with which true Jewish spokesmen admit the Question.\n\nIn a strong passage on page 101, Mr. Levi says:\n\n\u201cIf I have dwelt so long upon this subject, it is because I recognize\nthat if the Jew has been denied so much that is rightfully his, he often\nclaims more than is his due. One of these claims, most persistently\nurged, is that there is no Jewish Question; that a Jew is a citizen like\nany other citizen and that as long as he abides by the law and does not\nsubject himself to criminal prosecution or civil action, his doings are\nbeyond legitimate inquiry by the public at large.\n\n\u201cThis contention on his part would certainly be well based if he claimed\nnothing further than the right to live in peace, but when he demands\nsocial recognition the whole range of his conduct is a legitimate\nsubject of inquiry against which no technical demurrers can be\ninterposed ... nor must the Jew be over-sensitive about the inquiry.\n\n\u201cThe inconsistencies and the unwisdom exhibited in the consideration of\nthe Jewish Question are not to be found altogether on the side of those\nwho are hostile to the Jews.\u201d\n\n\u201cSince then the refugees from Russia, Galicia and Rumania have raised\nthe Jewish Question to commanding importance. Since then it has dawned\non the world that _we are witnessing another exodus which promises soon\nto change the habitat of the Jews to the Western Hemisphere_.\u201d (Page 59)\n\n\u201cThe Jewish Question cannot be solved by tolerance. There are thousands\nof well-meaning people who take to themselves great credit for\nexhibiting a spirit of tolerance toward the Jews.\u201d (Page 98)\n\nMr. Levi also lays down rules for \u201cthe study of the Jewish Question,\u201d\nand he says that if they were followed the result \u201cwould be startling at\nonce to the Jews and the general public.\u201d (Page 93) How far present\nJewish leadership has departed from that frank and broad view taken by\nMr. Levi, is everywhere evident.\n\nNot that Mr. Levi was a critic of his people, but he was a lawyer who\nwas accustomed to weighing facts, and he saw facts that weighed against\nhis people. But he was pro-Jewish even in his most severe observations.\nHe could make an attack on the rabbis, taunting them with the saying\nthat \u201cmany of you are \u2018rabbis for revenue only,\u2019\u201d but he could also\ninsist on Jewish solidarity and exclusiveness.\n\nIn this connection it may be interesting to see how strongly Mr. Levi\nsupports the contention of Jewish leaders (as outlined in THE DEARBORN\nINDEPENDENT of October 9 and 16, 1920) that the Jews are a _race_ and\nnot merely a _religion_, a nation and not merely a church, and that the\nterm \u201cJew\u201d is biological rather than theological. This is specially\ncommended to the attention of those dim-minded shouters of \u201creligious\nprejudice,\u201d who come into action whenever the Jewish Question is\nmentioned. (Of \u201creligious prejudice\u201d there are many examples to give in\nfuture articles.)\n\n\u201cCertain it is that thus far the race and the religion have been so\nfused, as it were, that none can say just where the one begins and the\nother leaves off.\u201d (Page 116)\n\nAttacking the contention of the \u201cliberals\u201d or \u201creformed Jews\u201d to the\neffect that \u201cJew\u201d is the name of a member of religious denomination, and\nnot of a member of a certain race, Mr. Levi says:\n\n\u201cNothing to my mind is more pregnant with error than this postulate of\nunreason. (Page 185) It is not true that the Jews are only Jews because\nof their religion.\u201d (Page 189)\n\n\u201cThe Jews are not simply an indiscriminate lot of people who hold to a\ncommon belief.\u201d (Page 190)\n\n\u201cA native Eskimo, an American Indian might conscientiously adopt every\ntenet of the Jewish church, might practice every form and ceremony\nimposed by the Jewish laws and the Jewish ritual, and as far as the\nreligion is concerned, be a Jew, but yet, no one who will reflect for a\nmoment would class them with the Jews as a people. If the truth were\nknown, a very large percentage of so-called Christians would be found to\nbe believers in the essentials of the Jewish religion, and yet, they are\nnot Jews.\n\n\u201cIt requires not only that men should believe in Judaism, but that they\nshould be the descendants in a direct line of that people who enjoyed a\ntemporal government and who owned a country up to the time of the\ndestruction of the second commonwealth.\n\n\u201cThat great event took away from the Jews their country and their\ntemporal government; it scattered them over the face of the earth, _but\nit did not destroy the national and race idea_ which was a part of their\nnature and of their religion.\u201d\n\n\u201cWho shall say, then, that the Jews are no longer a race?... Blood is\nthe basis and sub-stratum of the race idea, and no people on the face of\nthe globe can lay claim with so much right to purity of blood, and unity\nof blood, as the Jews.\u201d\n\n\u201cIf I have reasoned to any purpose, the inquiry of rights in the\npremises is not to be limited to Jews as exponents of a particular\ncreed, but _to the Jews as a race_.\u201d (Pages 190\u2013191)\n\n\u201cThe religion alone does not constitute the people. As I have already\nmaintained, a believer in the Jewish faith does not by reason of that\nfact become a Jew. On the other hand, however, _a Jew by birth remains a\nJew, even though he abjures his religion_.\u201d (Page 200)\n\nThis is the view of such men as Justice Brandeis, the Jew who sits on\nthe Supreme Court of the United States. Justice Brandeis says, \u201cLet us\nall recognize that we Jews are a distinct nationality _of which every\nJew, whatever his country, his station, his shade of belief, is\nnecessarily a member_.\u201d\n\nBelieving all this, Mr. Levi subscribes to the Jewish law and practice\nof exclusiveness.\n\nDescribing the state of the Jews, Mr. Levi says (page 92): \u201cThe Jews\nhave not materially increased or diminished in numbers for 2,000 years.\nThey have made no proselytes to their religion.... They have imbibed the\narts, the literature and the civilization of successive generations, but\nhave abstained very generally from intermixture of blood.... They have\ninfused their blood into that of other peoples but have taken little of\nother peoples into their own.\u201d\n\nAs to intermarriage between the Jew and non-Jew, Mr. Levi calls it\nmiscegenation. \u201cIn remote countries, sparsely populated, the choice may\nlie between such marriages and a worse relation.\u201d Those are his words on\npage 249. He does not advise the worse relation, but he has said quite\nenough to indicate the Jewish view of the case. He continues:\n\n\u201cIt seems clear to me that Jews should avoid marriages with Gentiles and\nGentiles with Jews, _upon the same principle that we avoid marrying the\ninsane, the consumptive, the scrofulitic or the Negro_.\u201d (Page 249)\n\nThis exclusiveness goes down through all human relations. The Jew has\none counsel for non-Jews and another for himself in these matters. Of\nthe non-Jew he demands as a right what he looks down upon as shady\nprivilege. He uses the Ghetto as a club with which to bludgeon the\nnon-Jew for his \u201cbigotry,\u201d when as a fact he chooses the Ghetto for\nwell-defined racial reasons. He condemns the non-Jew for the exclusion\nof the Jew from certain sections of society, when as a Jew his whole\ncare is to keep himself unspotted from that very society to which he\nseeks entrance. The Jew insists on breaking down non-Jewish\nexclusiveness while keeping his own. The non-Jewish world is to be\npublic and common, the Jewish world is to be kept sacrosanct. Read the\nteachings of this enlightened leader of Jewry as published by the B\u2019nai\nB\u2019rith.\n\nHe favors the public school for non-Jewish children, not for Jewish\nchildren; they are to be kept separate; they are the choice stock of the\nearth:\n\n\u201cBecause the government tenders free education, it does not follow that\nit must be accepted; if education be made compulsory, it does not follow\nthat government schools must be attended.... As a citizen I favor free\nschools, because the education they afford, imperfect as it is, is\nbetter than none, and society is benefited thereby; but as an individual\nI prefer to pay to support free schools and send my children to more\nselect places.\u201d (Page 253) He speaks of the fact that \u201call classes of\nchildren frequent the public schools\u201d as an argument against Jewish\nchildren going there.\n\n\u201cIn my judgment, Jewish children should be educated in Jewish schools.\u201d\n(page 254) \u201cNot only is it a positive and direct advantage to educate\nour children as Jews, but it is absolutely necessary to our\npreservation. Experience has shown that our young people will be weaned\nfrom our people if allowed indiscriminately to associate with the\nGentiles.\u201d (Page 255)\n\nDiscussing the possibility of Jews losing their crudeness, Mr. Levi\nasks, \u201cHow shall we best accomplish that end?\u201d Then he quotes the\nfrequent answer: \u201cSince the exemplars of gentility most abound among the\nGentiles, we should associate with them as much as possible, in order to\nwear our own rudeness away.\u201d He meets the suggestion this way:\n\n\u201cIf gentlemen were willing to meet all Jews on a parity because they are\nJews, we should doubtless derive much benefit from such association.\nBut, while it is true that no gentleman refuses association with another\nbecause that other is a Jew, he will not, as a rule, associate with a\nJew unless he be a gentleman. As we are far from being all gentlemen, we\ncannot reasonably expect to be admitted as a class into good society.\nSo, better keep by ourselves,\u201d concludes Mr. Levi. (Page 260)\n\nThat is, Mr. Levi admits the willingness of society to meet Jews on\nequal terms, as with all others, but not on unequal terms. And this\nbeing so, Mr. Levi holds they had better meet as little as possible,\nthey had better keep apart; in the formative years, certainly, Jewish\nyoung people should be kept rigidly apart from non-Jews. The\nexclusiveness of which the Jews complain is their own. The Ghetto is not\na corner into which the non-Jews have herded the Semites; the Ghetto is\na spot carved out of the community and consecrated to the Chosen People\nand is therefore the best section of the city in Jewish eyes, the rest\nbeing \u201cthe Christian quarter,\u201d the area of the heathen. Mr. Levi himself\nadmits on page 220 that there is no prejudice against the Jew in this\ncountry.\n\nCertain wild-eyed objectors to the series of studies on the Jewish\nQuestion have made the assertion that THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT has\ndeclared cowardice to be a Jewish trait. That the statement is false as\nregards this paper does not change the fact that the subject has been\ngenerally discussed in and out of army circles. If it ever becomes\nnecessary to discuss it in these studies, the facts will be set forth as\nfar as they are obtainable. But the point just now is that Mr. Levi has\nhad somewhat to say which may repay reading:\n\n\u201cPhysical courage has always been an incident, not an element, of Jewish\ncharacter. It has no independent existence in their make-up, and always\ndepended on something else. With some exceptions this may be said of all\nOriental people. The sense and fear of danger is highly developed in\nthem, and there is no cultivation of that indifference to it which has\ndistinguished the great nations of Western Europe.\u201d (Page 205)\n\nWere a non-Jew to call attention to this difference between the Jews and\nothers, he would be met with the cry of \u201canti-Semitism\u201d and he would be\ntwitted with the fact that all his relatives may not have served in the\nwar. Loudest to twit him would be those who served in what our soldiers\ncalled \u201cthe Jewish infantry,\u201d the quartermaster\u2019s corps in the late\nNational Army.\n\nIt is to this aversion to danger, however, that Mr. Levi attributes the\nJews\u2019 greatness among the nations. Other nations can fight, the Jews can\nendure, and that, he says, is greater. Note his words (the italics are\nhis own):\n\n\u201cOther nations may boast conquests and triumphs born of aggression, but\nthough the fruits of victory have been manifold, they have not been\nenduring; and it may be truly said that the nation whose greatness grows\nout of valor passes through the stages of discord and degeneracy to\ndecay.... In the virtue of endurance I believe the Jews have a safeguard\nagainst the decay that has marked the history of all other peoples.\u201d\n\nIt appears, therefore, that the draft-dodger, if he can _endure_ long\nenough, may yet come to own the country.\n\nJewish leaders have lately tried to minimize as \u201cwild words\u201d the\ndisclosures made by Disraeli with reference to the Jews\u2019 participation\nin European revolutions. What Disraeli said can be found in his\n\u201cConingsby,\u201d or in the quotations made therefrom in THE DEARBORN\nINDEPENDENT of December 18, 1920. With reference to the German\nRevolution of 1848, Disraeli wrote\u2014before it had taken place:\n\n  \u201cYou never observe a great intellectual movement in Europe in which\n  the Jews do not greatly participate.... That mysterious Russian\n  Diplomacy which so alarms Western Europe is organized and\n  principally carried on by Jews. That mighty revolution, which is at\n  this moment preparing in Germany, and which will be, in fact, a\n  second and greater Reformation, and of which so little is yet known\n  in England, is entirely developing under the auspices of Jews.\u201d\n\nIt is interesting, therefore, to hear Mr. Levi confirming from the\nAmerican side those significant statements made by Disraeli.\n\n\u201cThe revolution of 1848 in Germany, however, influenced a great many\nhighly educated Jews to come to America.\u201d (Page 181) \u201cIt is unnecessary\nto review the events of 1848; suffice it to say, that not a few among\nthe revolutionists were Jews, and that a considerable number of those\nwho were proscribed by the government at home, fled to the United States\nfor safety.\u201d (Page 182) These German Jews are now the arch-financiers of\nthe United States. They found here complete liberty to exploit peoples\nand nations to the full extent of their powers. They still maintain\ntheir connections with Frankfort-on-the-Main, the world capital of\nInternational financial Jewry.\n\nWith these quotations from the speeches and writings of Leo N. Levi, a\nfamous president of the B\u2019nai B\u2019rith, it would seem to be a fair\nquestion as to the reason for the denial and denunciation which have\nfollowed the making of these statements in the course of this series of\nstudies. Leo N. Levi studied the Jewish Question because he knew a\nJewish Question to exist. He knew that the Jewish Question was not a\nnon-Jewish creation but appeared wherever Jews began to appear in\nnumbers. They brought it with them. He knew the justice of many of the\ncharges laid against the Jews. He knew the impossibility of disproving\nthem, the futility of shrieking \u201canti-Semitism\u201d at them. He knew,\nmoreover, that for the Jews to solve the Jewish Question by departing\nfrom the peculiar racial traditions of superiority, would be to cease to\nbe Jews. Therefore, he threw his whole influence on the side of the Jews\nremaining separate, maintaining their tradition of The Chosen Race,\nlooking upon themselves as the coming rulers of the nations, and there\nhe left the Question just about where he found it.\n\nBut in the course of his studies he gave other investigators the benefit\nof his frank statements. He did not put lies into the mouths of his\npeople. He was not endeavoring to maintain himself in position by\nprejudiced racial appeals. He looked certain facts in the face, made his\nreport, and chose his side. Several times in the course of his argument,\nhis very logic led him up to the point where, logically, he would have\nto cast aside his Jewish idea of separateness. But with great calmness\nhe discarded the logic and clung to the Jewish tradition. For example:\n\n\u201cThe better to facilitate such happiness in every country and in every\nage, various kinds of organizations have existed as they exist today.\nThe Jews have theirs.\n\n\u201cFor many reasons they are exclusive. In theory they should not be so.\nIn our social organizations we should, in deference to the argument\nwhich I have already named, admit any congenial and worthy Gentile who\nhonors us with his application. But what may be theoretically correct\nmay be found practically wrong. It certainly is a wrong to exclude a\nworthy person because he does not happen to be a Jew; but on the other\nhand, where are you to draw the line?\u201d\n\nThis is frankness to a fault. Of course, it is wrong, but the right is\nimpractical! Logic goes by the boards in the face of something stronger.\nMr. Levi is not to be blamed for having gone to his tribe. Every man\u2019s\nplace is with his tribe. The criticism belongs to the lick-spittle\nGentile Fronts who have no tribe and become hangers-on around the\noutskirts of Judah, racial mongrels who would be better off if they had\none-thousandth of the racial sense which the Jew possesses.\n\nThis brief survey of the philosophy which Mr. Levi both lived and\ntaught, and which is shared by the leaders of American Jewry, is in\nstrict agreement with Jewish principles all down the centuries. In his\npublished addresses Mr. Levi does not touch upon all the implications of\nthe separateness which he enjoins upon his nation. Why do they keep by\nthemselves? What is it that keeps them distinct? Is it their religion?\nVery well; let us regard them as a sect of religious recluses and wish\nthem well in their endeavors to keep themselves unspotted of the world.\nIs it their race? So their leaders teach. Race and nationality are\nstrictly claimed. If this is so, there must be a political outlook. What\nis it? Palestine? Not that any one can notice. A great deal may be read\nabout it in the newspapers, the newspapers in turn being supplied\nthrough the Associated Press with the Jewish Telegraph Agency\u2019s\npropaganda dispatches; but no one in Palestine notices the Land becoming\nmore Jewish. Jewry\u2019s political outlook is world rule in the material\nsense. Jewry is an international nation. It is this, and nothing else,\nwhich gives significance to its financial, educational, propagandist,\nrevolutionary and immigration programs.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of May 14, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                  LVI.\n               Dr. Levy, a Jew, Admits His People\u2019s Error\n\n\nA Jew of standing, Dr. Oscar Levy, well known in English literary\ncircles and lover of his people, has had the honesty and the wisdom to\nmeet the Jewish Question with truth and candor. His remarks are printed\nin this article as an example of the methods by which Jewry can be saved\nin the estimation of Twentieth Century Civilization.\n\nThe circumstances were these: George Pitt-Rivers, of Worcester College,\nOxford, wrote a most illuminating brochure entitled, \u201cThe World\nSignificance of the Russian Revolution,\u201d which is published and sold for\ntwo shillings by Basil Blackwell, Oxford. The book is the result of\nunprejudiced observation and study and agrees with the statements made\nin THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT about the personnel of Bolshevism. The\nmanuscript was sent to Dr. Oscar Levy, as a representative Jew, and Dr.\nLevy\u2019s letter was subsequently published as a preface to the book.\n\nThat the reader may understand the tenor of Mr. Pitt-Rivers\u2019s book,\nsection XVI, pp. 39\u201341, is herewith given in full, and is followed by\nDr. Levy\u2019s comments. The italics throughout are intended to remind the\nreader of remarks on similar lines made in this series:\n\nIt is not unnaturally claimed by Western Jews that Russian Jewry, as a\nwhole, is most bitterly opposed to Bolshevism. Now although there is a\ngreat measure of truth in this claim, since the prominent Bolsheviks,\nwho are preponderantly Jewish, do not belong to the orthodox Jewish\nChurch, it is yet possible, without laying oneself open to the charge of\nanti-Semitism, to point to the obvious fact that Jewry, _as a whole_,\nhas, consciously or _unconsciously_, worked for and promoted an\ninternational economic, material despotism which, with Puritanism as an\nally, has tended in an ever-increasing degree to crush national and\nspiritual values out of existence and substitute the ugly and deadening\nmachinery of finance and factory. It is also a fact that Jewry, as a\nwhole, strove every nerve to secure and heartily approved of the\noverthrow of the Russian monarchy, which they regarded as their most\nformidable obstacle in the path of their ambitions and business\npursuits. All this may be admitted, as well as the plea that,\nindividually or collectively, most Jews may heartily detest the\nBolshevik r\u00e9gime, yet it is still true that the whole weight of Jewry\nwas in the revolutionary scales against the czar\u2019s government. It is\ntrue their apostate brethren, who are now riding in the seat of power,\nmay have exceeded their orders; that is disconcerting, but it does not\nalter the fact. It may be that the Jews, often the victims of their own\nidealism, have always been instrumental in bringing about the events\nthey most heartily disapprove of; that perhaps is the curse of the\nWandering Jew.\n\nCertainly it is from the Jews themselves that we learn most about the\nJews. It is possible that only a Jew can understand a Jew. Nay, more, it\nmay be that only a Jew can save us from the Jews, a Jew who is great\nenough, strong enough\u2014for greater racial purity is a source of strength\nin the rare and the great\u2014and inspired enough to overcome in himself the\nlife-destructive vices of his own race. It was a Jew who said, \u201cWars are\nthe Jews\u2019 harvest\u201d; but no harvest so rich as civil wars. A Jew reminds\nus that the French Revolution brought civil emancipation for the Jews in\nWestern Europe. Was it a _Jew_ who inspired Rousseau with the eighteenth\ncentury idea of the sameness of man according to nature? Dr. Kallen, a\nZionist author, writes: \u201cSuffering for 1,000 years from the assertion of\ntheir difference from the rest of mankind, they accepted eagerly the\nescape from suffering which the eighteenth century assertion of the\nsameness of all men opened to them.... They threw themselves with\npassion into the republican emancipating movements of their fellow\nsubjects of other stocks.\u201d It was a Jew, Ricardo, who gave us the\nnineteenth century ideal of the sameness of man according to machinery.\nAnd without the Ricardian gospel of international capitalism, we could\nnot have had the international gospel of Karl Marx. Moses Hess and\nDisraeli remind us of the particularly conspicuous part played by Jews\nin the Polish and Hungarian rebellions, and in the republican uprising\nin Germany of \u201948. Even more conspicuous were they in the new\ninternationalism logically deducible from the philosophy of Socialism.\nThis we were taught by the Jew Marx, and the Jew Ferdinand Lasalle, and\nthey but developed the doctrine of the Jew David Ricardo.\n\nIt was Weininger, a Jew\u2014and also a Jew hater\u2014who explained why so many\nJews are naturally Communists. Communism is not only an international\ncreed, but it implies the abnegation of real property, especially\nproperty in land, and Jews, being international, have never acquired a\ntaste for real property; they prefer money. Money is an instrument of\npower, though eventually, of course, Communists claim that they will do\naway with money\u2014when their power is sufficiently established to enable\nthem to command goods, and exercise despotic sway without it. Thus the\nsame motives prompt the Jew Communist and his apparent enemy, the\nfinancial Jew. When owners of real property in times of economic\ndepression feel the pinch of straightened circumstances, it is the\nJewish usurers who become most affluent and who, out of goodness of\ntheir hearts, come to their assistance\u2014at a price.\n\nTo these and other statements, Dr. Levy, as a Jew, made this reply:\n\n  Dear Mr. Pitt-Rivers:\n\nWhen you first handed me your MS. on _The World Significance of the\nRussian Revolution_, you expressed a doubt about the propriety of its\ntitle. After a perusal of your work, I can assure you, with the best of\nconsciences, that your misgivings were entirely without foundation.\n\nNo better title than _The World Significance of the Russian Revolution_\ncould have been chosen, for no event in any age will finally have more\nsignificance for our world than this one. We are still too near to see\nclearly this Revolution, this portentous event, _which was certainly one\nof the most intimate and therefore least obvious, aims of the\nworld-conflagration, hidden as it was at first by the fire and smoke of\nnational enthusiasms and patriotic antagonisms_.\n\nIt was certainly very plucky of you to try and throw some light upon an\nevent which necessarily must still be enveloped in mist and mystery, and\nI was even somewhat anxious, lest your audacity in treating such a\ndangerous subject would end in failure, or what is nearly the same, in\nephemeral success. No age is so voracious of its printed offspring as\nours. There was thus some reason to fear lest you had offered to this\nmodern Kronos only another mouthful of his accustomed nourishment for\nhis immediate consumption.\n\nI was, I am glad to report, agreeably surprised\u2014surprised, though not by\nthe many new facts which you give, and which must surprise all those who\ntake an interest in current events\u2014facts, I believe, which you have\ncarefully and personally collected and selected, not only from books,\nbut from the lips and letters of Russian eye-witnesses and sufferers,\nfrom foes as well as from friends of the great Revolution.\n\nWhat I appreciate more than this new light thrown on a dark subject,\nmore than the conclusion drawn by you from this wealth of facts, is the\npsychological insight which you display in _detecting the reasons why a\nmovement so extraordinarily bestial and so violently crazy as the\nRevolution was able to succeed and finally to overcome its adversaries_.\nFor we are confronted with two questions which need answering and which,\nin my opinion, you have answered in your pamphlet. These questions are:\n(1) How has the Soviet Government, _admittedly the government of an\ninsignificant minority_, succeeded not only in maintaining but in\nstrengthening its position in Russia after two and a half years of\npower? and (2) Why has the Soviet Government, in spite of its outward\nbestiality and brutal tyranny, succeeded in gaining the sympathies of an\nincreasing number of people in this country?...\n\nYou rightly recognize that there is an ideology behind it and you\nclearly diagnose it as an ancient ideology. There is nothing new under\nthe Sun, _it is even nothing new that this Sun rises in the East_....\n\nFor Bolshevism is a religion and a faith. How could these half-converted\nbelievers ever dream to vanquish the \u201cTruthful\u201d and the \u201cFaithful\u201d of\ntheir own creed, these holy crusaders, who had gathered round the Red\nStandard of the Prophet Karl Marx, and who fought under the daring\nguidance of _these experienced officers of all latter-day\nrevolutions\u2014the Jews_?\n\nI am touching here on a subject which, to judge from your own pamphlet,\nis perhaps more interesting to you than any other. In this you are\nright. _There is no race in the world more enigmatic, more fatal, and\ntherefore more interesting than the Jews._\n\n_Every writer, who, like yourself, is oppressed by the aspect of the\npresent and embarrassed by his anxiety for the future, MUST try to\nelucidate the Jewish Question and its bearing upon our Age._\n\n_For the question of the Jews and their influence on the world past and\npresent, cuts to the root of all things, and should be discussed by\nevery honest thinker, however bristling with difficulties it is, however\ncomplex the subject as well as the individuals of this Race may be._\n\nFor the Jews, as you are aware, are a sensitive Community, and thus very\nsuspicious of any Gentile who tries to approach them with a critical\nmind. They are always inclined\u2014and that on account of their terrible\nexperiences\u2014to denounce anyone who is not with them as against them, as\ntainted with \u201cmedieval\u201d prejudice, as an intolerant Antagonist of their\nFaith and of their Race.\n\nNor could or would I deny that there is some evidence, some prima facie\nevidence of this antagonistic attitude in your pamphlet. You point out,\nand with fine indignation, _the great danger that springs from the\nprevalence of Jews in finance and industry, and from the preponderance\nof Jews in rebellion and revolution_. You reveal, and with great fervor,\n_the connection between the Collectivism of the immensely rich\ninternational Finance_\u2014the Democracy of cash values, as you call it\u2014_and\nthe international Collectivism of Karl Marx and Trotsky_\u2014the Democracy\nof and by decoy-cries.... And all this evil and misery, the economic as\nwell as the political, you trace back to one source, to one \u201c_fons et\norigo malorum_\u201d\u2014the Jews.\n\nNow other Jews may vilify and crucify you for these outspoken views of\nyours; I myself shall abstain from joining the chorus of condemnation! I\nshall try to understand your opinions and your feelings, and having once\nunderstood them\u2014as I think I have\u2014I can defend you from the unjust\nattacks of my often too impetuous Race. But first of all, I have to say\nthis: _There is scarcely an event in modern Europe that cannot be traced\nback to the Jews. Take the Great War that appears to have come to an\nend, ask yourself what were its causes and its reasons: you will find\nthem in nationalism. You will at once answer that nationalism has\nnothing to do with the Jews, who, as you have just proved to us, are the\ninventors of the international idea._ But no less than Bolshevist\nEcstasy and Financial Tyranny can National Bigotry (if I may call it so)\n_be finally followed back to a Jewish source_\u2014are not they the inventors\nof the Chosen People Myth, and is not this obsession part and parcel of\nthe political credo of every modern nation, _however small and\ninsignificant it may be_? And then think of the history of nationalism.\nIt started in our time and as a reaction against Napoleon; Napoleon was\nthe antagonist of the French Revolution; the French Revolution was the\nconsequence of the German Reformation; the German Reformation was based\nupon a crude Christianity; this kind of Christianity was invented,\npreached and propagated by the Jews; THEREFORE the Jews have made this\nwar!... Please do not think this a joke; it only seems a joke, and\nbehind it there lurks a gigantic truth, and it is this, _that all\nlatter-day ideas and movements have originally sprung from a Jewish\nsource_, for the simple reason, that the Semitic idea has finally\nconquered and entirely subdued this _only apparently irreligious\nuniverse of ours_.\n\n ... There is no doubt that the Jews regularly go one better or worse\nthan the Gentile in whatever they do, there is no further doubt that\n_their influence today justifies a very careful scrutiny, and cannot\npossibly be viewed without serious alarm_. The great question, however,\nis whether the Jews are conscious or unconscious malefactors; I myself\nam firmly convinced that they are unconscious ones, but please do not\nthink that I wish to exonerate them on that account.... A conscious\nevildoer has my respect, for he knows at least what is good; an\nunconscious one\u2014well, he needs the charity of Christ\u2014a charity which is\nnot mine\u2014to be forgiven for not knowing what he is doing. But there is\nin my firm conviction not the slightest doubt that these revolutionary\nJews do not know what they are doing; that they are more unconscious\nsinners than voluntary evildoers.\n\nI am glad to see that this is not an original observation of mine, but\nthat you yourself have a very strong foreboding about the Jews being the\nvictims of their own theories and principles. On page 39 of your\npamphlet you write: \u201cIt may be that the Jews have always been\ninstrumental in bringing about the events that they most heartily\ndisapprove of; that maybe is the curse of the Wandering Jew.\u201d If I had\nnot the honor, as well as the pleasure, of knowing you personally, if I\nwere not strongly aware of your passionate desire for light and your\nintense loathing of unfairness, this sentence, and this sentence alone,\nwhich tells the truth, will absolve you in my eyes from the odious\ncharge of being a vulgar anti-Semite.\n\nNo, you are not a vulgar, you are a very enlightened, critic of our\nRace. _For there is an anti-Semitism, I hope and trust, which does the\nJews more justice than any blind philo-Semitism_, than does that merely\nsentimental \u201cLet-them-all-come Liberalism\u201d which in itself is nothing\nbut the Semitic Ideology over again. _And thus you can be just to the\nJews, without being \u201cromantic\u201d about them._\n\nYou have noticed with alarm that the _Jewish elements provide the\ndriving forces for both Communism and capitalism_, for the material as\nwell as the spiritual ruin of this world. But then you have at the same\ntime the profound suspicion that the reason of all this extraordinary\nbehavior may be the intense Idealism of the Jew. In this you are\nperfectly right. The Jew, if caught by an idea, never thinks any more in\nwatertight compartments, as do the Teuton and Anglo-Saxon peoples, whose\nright cerebral hemisphere never seems to know what its left twin brother\nis doing; he, the Jew, like the Russian, at once begins to practice what\nhe preaches, he draws the logical conclusion from his tenets, he\ninvariably acts upon his accepted principles. It is from this quality,\nno doubt, that springs his mysterious force\u2014that force which you no\ndoubt condemn, but which you had to admire even in the Bolshevists. And\nwe must admire it, whether we are Jews or whether we are Christians, for\nhave not these modern Jews remained true to type, is there no parallel\nfor them in history, do they not go to the bitter end even in our\nday?...\n\nWho stirred up the people during the late war in Germany? Who pretended\nto have again the truth, _that_ truth about which Pontius Pilate once\nshrugged his shoulders? Who pleaded for honesty and cleanliness in\nPolitics, _that_ honesty which brings a smile to the lips of any\nexperienced Pro-consul of today? Writers, who were mostly Jews: Fried,\nFernau, Latzko, Richard Grelling\u2014the author of \u201cJ\u2019accuse.\u201d Who was\nkilled and allowed himself to be killed for these very ideas and\nprinciples? Men and women of the Jewish Race: Haase, Levine, Luxemburg,\nLandauer, Kurt Eisner, the Prime Minister of Bavaria. From Moses to\nMarx, from Isaiah to Eisner, in practice and in theory, in idealism and\nin materialism, in philosophy and in politics, they are today what they\nhave always been: passionately devoted to their aims and to their\npurposes, and ready, nay, eager, to shed their last drop of blood for\nthe realization of their visions.\n\n\u201cBut these visions are all wrong,\u201d will you reply.... \u201cLook where they\nhave led the world to. Think, that they have now had a fair trial of\n3,000 years\u2019 standing. How much longer are you going to recommend them\nto us and to inflict them upon us? And how do you propose to get us out\nof the morass into which you have launched us, if you do not change the\npath upon which you have led the world so disastrously astray?\u201d\n\nTo this question I have only one answer to give, and it is this: \u201cYou\nare right.\u201d This reproach of yours, which\u2014I feel it for certain\u2014is at\nthe bottom of your anti-Semitism, is only too well justified, and upon\nthis common ground I am quite willing to shake hands with you and defend\nyou against any accusation of promoting Race Hatred: _If you are\nanti-Semite, I, the Semite, am an anti-Semite too, and a much more\nfervent one than even you are.... We (Jews) have erred, my friend, we\nhave most grievously erred. And if there was truth in our error 3,000,\n2,000, nay, 100 years ago, there is now nothing but falseness and\nmadness, a madness that will produce an even greater misery and an even\nwider anarchy. I confess it to you, openly and sincerely, and with a\nsorrow, whose depth and pain an ancient Psalmist, and only he, could\nmoan into this burning universe of ours.... We who have posed as the\nsaviours of the world, we who have even boasted of having given it \u201cthe\u201d\nSaviour, we are today nothing else but the world\u2019s seducers, its\ndestroyers, its incendiaries, its executioners...._ We who have promised\nto lead you to a new Heaven, we have finally succeeded in landing you\ninto a new Hell.... There has been no progress, least of all moral\nprogress.... And it is just our Morality, which has prohibited all real\nprogress, and\u2014what is worse\u2014which even stands in the way of every future\nand natural reconstruction in this ruined world of ours.... I look at\nthis world, and I shudder at its ghastliness; I shudder all the more as\nI know the spiritual authors of all this ghastliness....\n\nBut its authors themselves, unconscious in this as in all they are\ndoing, know nothing yet of this startling revelation. _While Europe is\naflame, while its victims scream, while its dogs howl in the\nconflagration, and while its very smoke descends in darker and even\ndarker shades upon our Continent, the Jews, or at least a part of them\nand by no means the most unworthy ones, endeavor to escape from the\nburning building, and wish to retire from Europe into Asia, from the\nsomber scene of our disaster into the sunny corner of their Palestine.\nTheir eyes are closed to the miseries, their ears are deaf to the\nmoanings, their heart is hardened to the anarchy of Europe: they only\nfeel their own sorrows, they only bewail their own fate, they only sigh\nunder their own burdens...._ They know nothing of their duty to Europe,\nwhich looks around in vain for help and guidance, they know nothing even\nof their own great ancestor to whose heart the appeal of pity was never\nmade in vain: they have become too poor in love, too sick at heart, too\ntired of battle, and lo! these sons of those who were once the bravest\nof soldiers are now trying to retire from the trenches to the rear, are\nnow eager to exchange the grim music of the whistling shells with that\nof the cow-bells and vintage songs in the happy plain of Sharon....\n\nAnd yet we are not all Financiers, we are not all Bolshevists, we have\nnot all become Zionists. And yet there is hope, great hope, that this\nsame race which has provided the Evil will likewise succeed in supplying\nits antidote, its remedy\u2014the Good. It has always been so in the past\u2014was\nnot that fatal Liberalism, which has finally led to Bolshevism\u2014in the\nvery midst of that dark nineteenth century, most strenuously opposed by\ntwo enlightened Jews\u2014Friedrich Stahl, the founder of the Conservative\nParty in Germany, and by Benjamin Disraeli, the leader of the Tory Party\nin England? _And if these two eminent men had no suspicion yet that\ntheir own race and its holy message were at the bottom of that\nunfortunate upheaval, with which their age was confronted_: how eager,\nhow determined, how passionate will be the opposition of the Disraelis\nof the future, once they have clearly recognized that they are really\nfighting the tenets of their own people, and that it was their \u201cGood,\u201d\ntheir \u201cLove,\u201d their \u201cIdeal,\u201d that had launched the world into this Hell\nof Evil and Hatred. A new \u201cGood\u201d as new Love, a true Love, an\nintelligent Love, a Love that calms and heals and sweetens, will then\nspring up among the Great in Israel and overcome that sickly Love, that\ninsipid Love, that romantic Love, which has hitherto poisoned all the\nStrength and all the Nobility of this world. For Hatred is never\novercome by Hatred: it is only overcome by Love, and it wants a new and\na gigantic Love to subdue that old and devilish Hatred of today. That is\nour task for the future\u2014a task which will, I am sure, not be shirked by\nIsrael, by that same Israel which has never shirked a task, whether it\nwas for good or whether it was for evil....\n\nYes, there is hope, my friend, for we are still here, our last word is\nnot yet spoken, our last deed is not yet done, our last revolution is\nnot yet made. _This last Revolution, the Revolution that will crown our\nrevolutionaries, will be the revolution against the revolutionaries._ It\nis bound to come, and it is perhaps upon us now. The great day of\nreckoning is near. It will pass a judgment upon our ancient faith, and\nit will lay the foundation to a new religion. And when that great day\nhas broken, when the values of death and decay are put into the melting\npot to be changed into those of power and beauty, then you, my dear\nPitt-Rivers, the descendant of an old and distinguished Gentile family,\nmay be assured to find by your side, and as your faithful ally, at least\none member of that Jewish Race, which has fought with such fatal success\nupon all the spiritual battlefields of Europe.\n\nYours against the Revolution and for Life ever flourishing,\n\n                  OSCAR LEVY,\n  ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB,\n  ST. JAMES STREET,\n  LONDON, S. W.,\n  JULY, 1920.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of April 30, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                 LVII.\n                Jewish Idea in American Monetary Affairs\n\n\nMr. Brisbane says that Jewish bankers exercise their large measure of\ncontrol because they are abler than the other bankers. It was very good\nof Mr. Brisbane to say so, and it adds to the sum of his weekly, almost\ndaily, worship at the Jewish shrine, but it is scarcely true. Jewish\nbankers do not yet control the United States, and the principal reason\nthey do not is that they are not abler than the other bankers. Doubtless\nthey seek control; doubtless they have almost grasped it on several\noccasions; but not yet.\n\nNevertheless they form such a formidable force, and with their\ninternational connections constitute such a political problem, that the\nmere fact of their failing to top the column of control is not so\nreassuring as it sounds.\n\nThe great Jewish banking houses of the United States are foreign\nimportations, as perhaps everyone knows. Most of them are sufficiently\nrecent to be considered in their immigrant status, while the thought of\nthem as aliens is stimulated by their retention of over-sea connections.\nIt is this international quality of the Jewish banking group which\nlargely accounts for Jewish financial power: there is team-play,\nintimate understandings, and while there is a margin of competition\namong themselves (as at golf) there is also a wiping out of that margin\nwhen it comes to a contest between Jewish and \u201cGentile\u201d capital.\n\nFour conspicuous contemporary names in Jewish-American finance are\nBelmont, Schiff, Warburg and Kahn. All of them, even the most recent,\nare of foreign origin.\n\nAugust Belmont was the earliest and arrived in America in 1837 as the\nAmerican representative of the Rothschilds in whose offices he had been\nraised. His birthplace was that great center of Jewish international\nfinance, Frankfort-on-the-Main. He became the founder of the Belmont\nfamily in America, which has largely forgotten its Jewish origin.\nPolitics was a part of his concern in this country, and during the\ncritical time from 1860 to 1872 he was chairman of the National\nDemocratic Committee. His management of the Rothschild interests was\nexceedingly profitable to that house, although the operations in which\nhe engaged were quite simple compared with the operations of the present\nday.\n\nJacob Schiff is another Jewish financier who was given to the world by\nFrankfort-on-the-Main. He entered the United States in 1865, after\nhaving passed his apprenticeship in the office of his father, who was\nalso an agent of the Rothschilds. The name Schiff runs a long way back\nwithout change, unlike the name of Rothschild. Originally named Bauer,\nthis family of financiers took a new name from the red shield which\nadorned their house in the Jewish section of Frankfort and thus became\n\u201cRot-schild.\u201d Commonly the last syllable is pronounced as if it were\n\u201cchild\u201d; it is \u201cschild,\u201d shield. An epoch-making family in itself, it\nhas trained hundreds of agents and apprentices, of whom Jacob H. Schiff\nwas one. He became one of the principal channels through which\nGerman-Jewish capital flowed into American undertakings, and his agency\nin these matters gave him a place in many important departments of\nAmerican business, especially railroads, banks, insurance companies and\ntelegraph companies. He married Theresa Loeb, and in due time came to be\nhead of the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Company.\n\nMr. Schiff, too, was interested in politics with a Jewish angle, and was\nperhaps the moving force in the campaign which forced Congress and the\nPresident to break off treaty relations with Russia, then a friendly\nnation, on a strictly Jewish question which had been skillfully given an\nAmerican aspect. Mr. Schiff was of inestimable assistance to Japan in\nthe war against Russia, but is understood to have been disappointed by\nJapan\u2019s shrewdness in preventing too high a return being made for that\nassistance.\n\nAssociated with Mr. Schiff in Kuhn, Loeb & Company is Otto Herman Kahn,\nwho is probably more international than were either of the two gentlemen\nmentioned above and is more constantly engaged in dabbling in mysterious\nmatters of an international nature. This characteristic may be accounted\nfor, however, by his experience of many countries. He was born in\nGermany and is also a product of the Frankfort-on-the-Main school of\nfinance, having had connection with the Frankfort Jewish house of\nSpeyer.\n\nOf just how many countries Mr. Kahn has been a citizen is a question not\neasy to determine here because of the doubt that was recently cast upon\nhis American citizenship by a protest against his being permitted to\ncast his vote last year and by his failure\u2014the announced cause being\nphysical indisposition\u2014to cast his vote. If Mr. Kahn is a citizen of the\nUnited States (a status that will be readily proclaimed upon proof that\nhe is), that probably increases the number of his citizenships to three.\nHe was a German citizen by birth, and served in the German Army. And in\n1914, in August, at the time of the outbreak of the European War, when\nefforts were being made, which afterward succeeded, to put Paul M.\nWarburg, a member of the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Company, on the Federal\nReserve Board, Mr. Warburg testified that at that time Mr. Kahn was not\na citizen of the United States.\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cHow many of these partners are American citizens,\n  or are they all American citizens....\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cThey are all American citizens except Mr. Kahn.\u201d\u2014(P. 7,\n  Senate Hearings, August 1, 1914.)\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cNow, the members of your firm, are they all\n  American citizens except Mr. Kahn?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cExcept Mr. Kahn, yes.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWas Mr. Kahn ever an American citizen?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cNo.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cHe never was?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cNo; he is a British subject.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cHe is a British subject?\u201d\n\n  The Chairman\u2014\u201cHe lives in England, does he not?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cNo. At one time he thought he would move to Europe, and\n  that was when the question arose of his standing for Parliament;\n  then he changed his mind and moved back to the United States.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cHe was at one time a candidate, or a prospective\n  candidate for Parliament, was he not?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cNo; he was not; but there was talk about it; it had\n  been suggested, and he had it in his mind. Something had been\n  written about it in the papers.\u201d\u2014(P. 76, Senate Hearings, August 3,\n  1914.)\n\nSo, that if Mr. Kahn is a citizen of the United States now, which as a\nmatter of fact has been disputed, then he has been a citizen of three\ncountries, Germany and Great Britain being the other two.\n\nMr. Kahn, by the way, is one of those Jews whose adoption of another\nform of faith brings no denunciation whatever from the Jews themselves.\nA most peculiar circumstance! But doubtless not inexplicable. Mr. Kahn\nis not called a \u201crenegade Jew\u201d nor any of the other nasty names heaped\nupon Jewish converts to Christianity, because he does not deserve them.\nThey would not fit him. He is not renegade. And he never was regarded\nfor a moment by Jacob H. Schiff as anything but a Jew, else that \u201cPrince\nof Israel\u201d would not have chosen him to remain in America and run the\nbusiness of Kuhn, Loeb & Company, at a time when it seemed undesirable\nto put the junior Schiff in full charge of it.\n\nDoubtless it was Mr. Kahn\u2019s desire, just at the time Jacob Schiff made\nhis wishes known, to go to England and stand for Parliament.\n\nBut from New York he fulfills, probably as well as he could from London,\nthose mysterious missions which frequently take him to the Continent, at\nwhich times he makes what are regarded as certain authoritative\ndecisions, though just _whose_ decisions it is not always possible to\nsay. In Paris particularly, and at points east thereof, Mr. Kahn has\nbeen established in the position of spokesman of the American Financial\nHierarchy, which, of course, he is not. But he undoubtedly is the\nspokesman of some group, possibly the group which so ably put through\nthe Jewish program at the Peace Conference, the group that impressed\nEastern Europe with the feeling that the United States of America was a\nvery powerful Semitic empire. Mr. Kahn\u2019s trips abroad are usually\nunheralded, but their results richly repay observation.\n\nA fourth member of the Jewish financial group in America (which is the\nform of statement which Mr. Chaim Weizmann would sanction, rather than\nto say \u201cJewish-American financiers\u201d) is Mr. Paul Warburg, to whose\ntestimony we have just alluded.\n\nMr. Warburg is the most recent of all. He was born in Germany in 1868;\nhe came to the United States in 1902; he became an American citizen in\n1911. He came to the United States for the express purpose of reforming\nour financial system, and it is hardly possible to understand fully the\nsystem in operation today without reference to Paul Warburg. He is a man\nof very fine mind, a money-maker, but something more\u2014a shrewd student of\nthe systems by which money is made. There are two types engaged in the\nmere work of money-making which is better described as \u201cmoney-getting,\u201d\nwithout reference to production; one type grubs away under whatever\nsystem obtains, regarding it as fixed as the solar system; another type\nis sufficiently detached to see the system as an artifice which may be\nmended, remodeled or supplanted altogether. Paul Warburg, scion of a\nlong line of German Jewish bankers, is of the latter type. He is not\ncontent with the fact that the cash-register fills itself with money; he\nwants also to know how the cash-register works, and whether it can be\nworked. He is thus a student of money and of the number of ways in which\nit can be manipulated.\n\nPerhaps it will be best to let him tell his own story as far as he goes.\nWhen he told it to the Committee on Banking and Currency of the United\nStates Senate in executive session, there was some dispute as to whether\nthe proceedings should be recorded by the stenographer. It was finally\nagreed that notes should be made but should not be divulged. The\ntestimony was printed \u201cin confidence\u201d on August 5, 1914, and nominally\n\u201cmade public\u201d on August 12.\n\nThe Warburgs are one of the international families whose importance was\nnot realized until the war, and would not have been realized then if\ntheir internationalism had not been so apparent. It was an interesting\nspectacle to see brothers occupying important places of counsel on\neither side of the great struggle.\n\nPaul Warburg learned the rudiments of banking in his father\u2019s bank at\nHamburg, Germany, studying the over-sea trade which is the foundation of\nthat city\u2019s business. The banking house of Warburg in Hamburg dates from\n1796.\n\n\u201cAfter that I went to England, where I stayed for two years, first in\nthe banking and discount firm of Samuel Montague & Company, and after\nthat I took the opportunity of staying two months in the office of a\nstockbroker in order to learn that part of the business.\n\n\u201cAfter that I went to France, where I stayed in a French bank, so that\u2014\u201d\n\nThe Chairman\u2014\u201cWhat French bank was that?\u201d\n\nMr. Warburg\u2014\u201cIt is the Russian bank for foreign trade, which has an\nagency in Paris.\n\n\u201cAnd after that I went back to Hamburg and worked there again for a\nyear, I think.\n\n\u201cThen I went round to India, China and Japan.\n\n\u201cAnd then I came to this country for the first time in 1893. I stayed\nhere only a short time then, and went back to Hamburg, and then became a\npartner of the firm in Hamburg.\u201d\n\nThe Chairman\u2014\u201cHow long were you in Hamburg then in the banking\nbusiness?\u201d\n\nMr. Warburg\u2014\u201cUntil 1902.... And then I moved over here to this country\nto become a partner of Kuhn, Loeb & Company.\u201d\n\n\u201cI explained in the curriculum which I gave you, Mr. Chairman, that by\nmarriage I am related to members of the firm, the late Mr. Loeb having\nbeen my father-in-law, which brought about a desire on the part of the\nfamily to bring me over here.... I ought to say that I got married in\nthis country in 1895 and that I have been in this country every year\nsince, for several months.... That is the history of my banking\neducation.\u201d\n\nIt will be recalled that Jacob H. Schiff also married a daughter of Mr.\nLoeb, so that Mr. Warburg married the sister of Mrs. Jacob H. Schiff.\nFelix Warburg, Paul\u2019s brother, who is also in the firm, married Mr.\nSchiff\u2019s daughter.\n\nMr. Warburg immediately cast a critical eye upon the state of financial\naffairs in the United States and it is significant of the grasp he\nalready had on such matters that he found the country rather behind the\ntimes.\n\nHe conceived the ambition\u2014the very daring ambition\u2014of taking hold of the\nUnited States\u2019 monetary system and making it what he thought it ought to\nbe.\n\nThis alone would make him a remarkable man. It illustrates very well\nthat detached point of view which the Jew is more fitted to take than\nany other man perhaps. He sees countries and systems with the same\nfreedom from intimate bias with which another man would view assorted\nfish upon a market stall. Most of the world is engaged in doing its work\nand indulging its national, racial, domestic and social affections and\ninclinations; a small minority stands in the background and watches the\nentire mass at its unconscious maneuvers, and studies it as an observer\nstudies a hive of bees. The man at work has no time except for his job.\nOne man, standing back and studying 1,000 men at work, is able to see\nhow he might utilize their labor or possess himself of a first toll on\ntheir production. Doubtless there must be men to stand at a sufficient\ndistance from things to get a correct idea of their interrelationship,\nand doubtless such an attitude may be made of great service to the race,\nbut doubtless it has also contributed to the selfish manipulation of\nnatural and social processes.\n\nMr. Warburg testified: \u201cWhen I came here I was at once impressed by the\nlack of system, by the old-fashioned nature of the system that prevailed\nhere; and I got immediately into one of those periods of high interest\nrates, where call money went up to 25 and 100 per cent; and I wrote an\narticle on the subject then and there for my own benefit.\n\n  \u201cI was not here three weeks before I was trying to explain to myself\n  the roots of the evil. I showed the article to a few friends but I\n  kept it in my desk, because I did not want to be one of those who\n  try to inform and educate the country after they have been here for\n  a month or so; and I kept that article until the end of 1906,\n  shortly before the panic, when those conditions arose again, and\n  when one newspaper wanted for an issue at the end of the year an\n  article dealing with the conditions in our country.\n\n  \u201cThen I took out that article and touched it up and brought it up to\n  date; and that was the first article of mine that was published. It\n  was called, \u2018Defects and Needs of Our Banking System.\u2019...\n\n  \u201cThat was, however, the first time that I know of that the question\n  of the discount system and the concentration of reserves was really\n  brought out; and I got a great many encouraging letters asking me to\n  go on and explain my ideas.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg was perfectly willing to talk to the committee about\n  himself, but not about Kuhn, Loeb & Company, his firm.\n\n  \u201cI cannot discuss the affairs of my firm nor my partners,\u201d he said,\n  \u201cnor be asked to criticise acts of my partners, either to approve\n  them or in any other way,\u201d but eventually he did tell a number of\n  things which students of American financial affairs have considered\n  interesting. Of which more later.\n\n  On page 77 of the testimony, more personal matters appear:\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWhen did you become a citizen of the United States,\n  Mr. Warburg?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201c1911. Did I not answer that?\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cPerhaps so. Did you intend to become a citizen when\n  you came to the United States in 1902?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI had no definite intentions then, because some of the\n  reasons that brought me over here were family reasons;.... That had\n  a good deal to do with my first coming here; and I was not sure at\n  all that I would stay here when I came.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWhen did you decide to become a citizen of the\n  United States?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cIn 1908, when I took out my papers.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWhen you took out your first papers? You took out\n  your second papers, then, in 1911?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cYes.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYou made your declaration in 1908; that is when you\n  decided to become an American citizen?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cYes.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWhy did you wait as long as you did after you came\n  to this country, before deciding to become a citizen of this\n  country?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI think that a man that does not come here as an\n  immigrant; a man who has had, if you may call it such, a prominent\n  position in his own country, will not give up his nationality so\n  easily as a man who comes over here knowing that he does not care\n  for his own country at all. I had been a very loyal citizen of my\n  own country; and I think that a man who hesitates in giving up his\n  own nationality and taking a new one, is apt to be more loyal to his\n  new country when he does change his nationality than a man who gives\n  up his old country more lightly.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYes.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI may add this: That a thing which had a great deal of\n  influence on my making up my mind to remain in this country and work\n  here, and become a part and parcel of this country, was that\n  monetary reform work, for I felt I had a distinct duty to perform\n  here; and I thought I could do that; and in fact I have been working\n  on it since 1906 or 1907.\n\n  \u201cThen I felt that it was the right thing for me to become an\n  American citizen and work here and throw in my lot definitely with\n  this country.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWhen you became an American citizen; and the motive\n  which induced you to become an American citizen was, then, as I\n  understand it, largely with a view of laboring to bring about a\n  reform of the American monetary system?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg-\u201cWell, you put it nearly exclusively on that. I think a\n  man wants to feel that he is going to do some useful work in his\n  country; that he has a mission to perform; and that is what happened\n  to me.... Moreover, I had been long enough in this country then to\n  have thoroughly taken root and feel that I was a part and parcel of\n  it.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYes. When did you first become active in promoting\n  the monetary reforms in the United States?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201c1906.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWhat was your method of promoting your ideas with\n  regard to monetary reforms?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cMainly writing.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWere you connected with the Monetary Commission?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cNo, not directly....\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWere you consulted in regard to the report of the\n  Monetary Commission in any way?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cYes, Senator Aldrich consulted with me about details,\n  and I gave him my advice freely.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cAnd in regard to the bill which was prepared by\n  Senator Aldrich in connection with the commission, were you\n  consulted in regard to that?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cYes.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWhat part did you have in the preparation of that\n  bill, directly or indirectly?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cWell, only that I gave the best advice that I could\n  give.\u201d\n\nMost readers will recall that the name of \u201cAldrich\u201d was, a few years\nago, the synonym for the money power in government. Senator Aldrich was\nan able man and a tireless worker. His character for thoroughness and\nindustry did more than anything else to disabuse the popular mind of the\nnotion that such men were mere \u201ctools of the money interest,\u201d or engaged\nin their work out of lust for gain, or out of sheer pleasure in\nlegislating against the interests of the people. Senator Aldrich led on\ntariff and financial matters because he understood them; and he\nunderstood them by tireless study of them; and, therefore, he was the\nmaster of other men who had not paid the price of knowledge. But, he\nunderstood these matters from the standpoint of the business interests\nonly. He was sincerely desirous of the prosperity of the country, but\nthat prosperity was written in banking balances. Fifteen years ago it\nmight not have been possible to judge him thus calmly, because then he\nrepresented in the public mind, more than any individual does today, the\nconcentrated power of the financial group. Their prosperity was his\nfirst care, possibly because he believed that their prosperity was also\nthe country\u2019s.\n\nIt was such a man, then, that came to Mr. Warburg for advice. The labors\nof Senator Aldrich comprise many volumes of difficult material and\nSenator Aldrich\u2019s appeal to Mr. Warburg was a very high compliment to\nthe quality of the latter\u2019s mind and financial experience\u2014this, of\ncourse, assuming that Mr. Warburg\u2019s counsel was not forced upon the\nAldrich committee by the New York money interests.\n\nIn his testimony, Mr. Warburg did not tell all. The omission, however,\nwas supplied by an article in _Leslie\u2019s Weekly_ in 1916, the author\nbeing B. C. Forbes.\n\nIt is a story of which _Current Opinion_ said: \u201cIt reads like the\nopening in a shilling shocker.\u201d\n\nIt appears that the conferences between Mr. Warburg and Senator Aldrich\ntook place on an isolated island off the coast of Georgia\u2014Jekyl Island.\nIncluded in the party, besides Senator Aldrich and Mr. Warburg, were two\nNew York bankers and the then Assistant Treasurer of the United States.\nThe mysteriousness of it all was well brought out by Mr. Forbes:\n\n  \u201cPicture a party of the nation\u2019s greatest bankers stealing out of\n  New York on a private railroad car under cover of darkness,\n  stealthily hieing hundreds of miles south, embarking on a mysterious\n  launch, sneaking out to an island deserted by all but a few\n  servants, living there a full week under such rigid secrecy that the\n  name of not one of them was once mentioned lest the servitors learn\n  their identity and disclose to the world this strangest, most secret\n  episode in the history of American finance.\n\n  \u201cThe utmost secrecy was enjoined upon all. The public must not glean\n  a hint of what was to be done. Senator Aldrich notified each one to\n  go quietly into a private car which the railroad had received orders\n  to draw up at an unfrequented platform. Drawn blinds balked any\n  peering eyes that might be around. Off the party set. New York\u2019s\n  ubiquitous reporters had been foiled. So far so good. After bowling\n  along the railroad hour after hour into southern country, the order\n  was given to prepare to disembark.\n\n  \u201cStepping from the car when the station had been well cleared of\n  travelers, the members of the expedition embarked in a small boat.\n  Silence reigned, for the boatmen must not find out how distinguished\n  were their passengers.\n\n  \u201cIn due time they drew up at another deserted pier. They were at\n  Jekyl Island, off Georgia. The island was entirely unpeopled save\n  for half a dozen servants.\n\n  \u201c\u2018The servants must under no circumstances learn who we are,\u2019\n  cautioned Senator Aldrich.\n\n  \u201c\u2018What can we do to fool them?\u2019 asked another member of the group.\n  The problem was discussed.\n\n  \u201c\u2018I have it,\u2019 cried one. \u2018Let\u2019s all call each other by our first\n  names. Don\u2019t ever let us mention our last names.\u2019\n\n  \u201cIt was so agreed.\n\n  \u201cThe dignified veteran Senator Aldrich, king of Rhode Island and a\n  power second to none in the United States Senate, became just\n  \u2018Nelson\u2019;... and the quiet, scholarly member of the powerful\n  international banking firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Company, became \u2018Paul.\u2019\n\n  \u201cNelson had meanwhile confided to Harry, Frank, Paul and Piatt that\n  he was to keep them locked up on Jekyl Island, cut off from the rest\n  of the world, until they had evolved and compiled a scientific\n  currency system for the United States, a system that would embody\n  all that was best in Europe, yet so modeled that it could serve a\n  country measuring thousands where European countries measured only\n  hundreds of miles.\u201d\n\nMr. Forbes does not omit to write this further description of Mr.\nWarburg\u2019s condition at the time:\n\n  \u201cunable then to speak idiomatic English with perfect freedom and\n  without an accent, an alien not naturalized.\u201d\n\nMr. Forbes also wrote\u2014\u201cHere is a German-American, but the sort of one\nthat makes the hyphen look like a badge of honor.\u201d\n\nThat was in 1916. Hyphens went out of fashion, though not entirely out\nof use, soon after.\n\nThus far the story of Paul Warburg.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of June 18, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                 LVIII.\n                Jewish Idea Molded Federal Reserve Plan\n\n\nThe last view the reader had of Paul M. Warburg in the preceding article\nwas as \u201can alien not naturalized\u201d secretly closeted with Senator Nelson\nW. Aldrich and a party of bankers on an obscure island off the\nsoutheastern coast of the United States, all the members of the party\nconcealing their identity even from the servants by calling each other\nby their first names.\n\nThat conference in its ultimate results was of the utmost importance to\nthe United States, for then and there were formulated those fiscal\ndevices, those financial methods, those \u201cmonetary reforms\u201d which have\nexerted an influence on every citizen, rich and poor, of the Republic.\n\nMuch history was made in that little trip. It irresistibly calls to\nmemory that other trip made in 1915\u2014almost two years before America\u2019s\nentry into the war\u2014by Bernard M. Baruch. As readers of THE DEARBORN\nINDEPENDENT of November 27, 1920, will recall, Mr. Baruch had been\nfinancial backer of the Plattsburg camp, and in his testimony he said he\nthought that General Wood would admit this. Then\u2014\u201cI went off on a long\ntrip, and it was while on this trip that I felt there ought to be some\nmobilization of the industries, and I was thinking about the scheme that\npractically was put into effect and was working when I was chairman of\nthe board. When I came back from that trip I asked for an interview with\nthe President.... The President listened very attentively and graciously\nas he always does.\u201d Mr. Baruch was an authority on the President\u2019s\ndemeanor, for there was a long period in 1917 and 1918 during which he\ncalled at the White House every afternoon.\n\nTwo momentous trips in our recent history, both of them signalized and\ngiven their principal meaning by the presence of Jews. Not that there\nshould not have been Jews in either case; to insist upon their total\nexclusion would be going too far. The Jew as a citizen, bearing his\npart, is one matter; the Jew as a master, directing the national show,\nis quite another thing. It is by no means agreed that Barney Baruch was\nthe only man in the United States who could have run this nation\u2019s war\nbusiness. That is the explanation made of the high place he took\u2014that he\nwas the _only_ man who could do it. Nonsense! If that be so, let us\nclose up the nation and hand the keys over to the New York Kehillah. Mr.\nBaruch could say\u2014\u201cI probably had more power than any other man did in\nthe war; doubtless that is true,\u201d but he had that power because he was\nfor the time the head and front of the Jewish group for war purposes.\n\nIf the explanation of Jewish mastery at critical moments were \u201cbrains,\u201d\nwell and good, but if it were, it would be more evident to the people;\nbrains do not need to be advertised, they advertise themselves. There is\nanother reason.\n\nThe British public recently awoke to the fact that not Lloyd George but\nMr. Montagu and Sir Alfred Mond were in charge of the recent\nnegotiations over the German indemnities. These gentlemen are both Jews,\none of them of German descent. Of all the British Empire are they the\nonly two men to advise the premier in a great crisis? If they are, why\nis it? The Montagus, we know, control the silver of the world; Sir\nAlfred Mond, we know, turned the very neat trick of keeping the sign of\nthe Cross off the war memorials raised to the soldiers of the empire;\ntheir Jewishness always so apparent. Both financiers; both the close\nadvisers of the premier; as Baruch to Wilson, so they to Lloyd George.\n\nApparently there are no Anglo-Saxons on either side of the sea capable\nof managing these deep matters, if we are to judge from the war\nadministrations\u2014those that have passed off the stage and those that\nstill linger. Lloyd George, for once stung to the quick by the criticism\nof the British public of his tendency to closet himself with Jews when\nconfronted with a crucial question, retorted bitterly\u2014with what? With\nthe old outworn Jewish propagandist boast, that it ill became people who\nsang Jewish psalms in church to rag the race that wrote them! A most\nilluminating defense! The world would give a good deal for a true psalm\nfrom Sir Alfred Mond, Mr. Montagu, or even Sir Philip Sassoon, who is\nsoon to become the premier\u2019s son-in-law.\n\nIn our own history, Barney Baruch boldly claims his place, he\nunhesitatingly asserts that he had more power than any man in the war.\nIf Allenby in Palestine needed a locomotive, if the Americans in Russia\nneeded clothing, if the munition mills needed copper\u2014it was Baruch who\ngave or withheld the word.\n\nMr. Warburg, being of somewhat finer grain, probably due to his having\nless than Mr. Baruch of the rough experience of \u201cthe Street,\u201d does not\nmake the claim that he is the chief factor in the present monetary\nsystem of the United States, nor does THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT undertake\nto make it for him lest the cry of \u201canti-Semitism\u201d wax wrathful again;\nbut fortunately the fact is amply attested by a Jew whose knowledge of\nthe matter is unquestionable.\n\nReaders have doubtless become aware by this time that for a non-Jew to\nsay that a certain Jew is a most important factor in any field is to be\nguilty of anti-Semitism, while for a Jew or a \u201cGentile front\u201d to say it\nis perfectly proper. It is a rather odd etiquette in which simple minds\nsometimes become confused.\n\nProfessor E. R. A. Seligman, of Columbia University, is the sponsor of\nthis great honor for Mr. Warburg. What Professor Seligman says is of\nsuch importance, both as to its source and its subject, that quotation\nis justified: (the italics in all cases are ours)\n\n\u201cIt is in a general way known to the public that Mr. Warburg was in some\nway connected with the passage of the Federal Reserve Act, and his\nappointment to his present responsible position on the Federal Reserve\nBoard was acclaimed on all sides with a rare degree of approval and\ncongratulation; but I fancy _it is known only to a very few how great is\nthe indebtedness of the United States to Mr. Warburg. For it may be\nstated without fear of contradiction that in its fundamental features\nthe Federal Reserve Act is the work of Mr. Warburg more than of any\nother man in the country_....\n\n\u201cWhen the Aldrich commission was appointed it was not long before\nSenator Aldrich\u2014to his credit be it said\u2014was won over by Mr. Warburg to\nthe adoption of these two fundamental features. The Aldrich Bill\ndiffered in some important particulars from the present law.... _The\nconcession in the shape of the twelve regional banks that had to be made\nfor political reasons is, in the opinion of Mr. Warburg as well as of\nthe writer of this introduction, a mistake_; for it will probably, to\nsome extent at least, weaken the good results which would otherwise have\nfollowed. On the other hand, the existence of a Federal Reserve Board\ncreates, in everything but in name, a real central bank; and it depends\nlargely upon the wisdom with which the board exercises its great powers\nas to whether we shall be able to secure most of the advantages of a\ncentral bank without any of its dangers....\n\n\u201cIn many minor respects also the Federal Reserve Act differs from the\nAldrich Bill; but in the two fundamentals of combined reserves and of a\ndiscount policy, the Federal Reserve Act has frankly accepted the\nprinciples of the Aldrich Bill; _and these principles, as has been\nstated, were the creation of Mr. Warburg and of Mr. Warburg alone._\n\n_\u201c... It must not be forgotten that Mr. Warburg had a practical object\nin view. In formulating his plans and in advancing slightly varying\nsuggestions from time to time, it was incumbent on him to remember that\nthe education of the country must be gradual and that a large part of\nthe task was to break down prejudices and remove suspicions. His plans\ntherefore contain all sorts of elaborate suggestions designed to guard\nthe public against fancied dangers and to persuade the country that the\ngeneral scheme was at all practicable. It was the hope of Mr. Warburg\nthat with the lapse of time it might be possible to eliminate from the\nlaw not a few clauses which were inserted, largely at his suggestion,\nfor educational purposes._\n\n\u201cAs it was my privilege to say to President Wilson when originally\nurging the appointment of Mr. Warburg on the Federal Reserve Board, at a\ntime when the political prejudice against New York bankers ran very\nhigh, England also, three-quarters of a century ago, had a practical\nbanker who was virtually responsible for the idea contained in Peel\u2019s\nBank Act of 1840. Mr. Samuel Jones Lloyd was honored as a consequence by\nthe British Government and was made Lord Overstone. The United States\nwas equally fortunate in having with it a Lord Overstone....\n\n\u201c_The Federal Reserve Act will be associated in history with the name of\nPaul M. Warburg...._\u201d\u2014(pp. 387\u2013390, Vol. 4, No. 4, Proceedings of the\nAcademy of Political Science, Columbia University).\n\nIt surely cannot be considered invidious for THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT\nthus to introduce to the people of the United States a gentleman whose\ninfluence upon the country is so vital. Just how vital can be understood\nonly by those who have studied the puzzle of a country filled with the\ngood things of life, and still unable to use them or to share them\nbecause of a kink in the pipe line called \u201cmoney.\u201d\n\nBut that Mr. Warburg himself is not entirely unaware of his position is\nindicated on page 56 of his testimony quoted last week. Mr. Warburg had\njust told the Senate Committee that he was making a heavy financial\nsacrifice to accept the position on the Federal Reserve Board offered\nhim by President Wilson, and into the fitness of which appointment the\nSenate was carefully inquiring:\n\n  Senator Reed\u2014\u201cMay I ask what your motive is, or your reason for\n  making that sacrifice?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cMy motive is that I have, as you know, taken a keen\n  interest in this monetary reform since I have been in this country.\n\n  \u201c_I have had the success which comes to few people, of starting an\n  idea and starting it so that the whole country has taken it up and\n  it has taken some tangible form._\u201d\n\nProfessor Seligman advises us of the strategy that was used to get the\nwhole country to take up Mr. Warburg\u2019s idea, and of the fact that some\nof the items inserted to appease the public might easily be removed when\nthe public shall have become accustomed to Mr. Warburg and the Federal\nReserve Board; but Mr. Warburg adds another hint, to the effect that you\ncan do some things by administration which you cannot do by\norganization.\n\nFor example: Mr. Warburg wanted _only one central bank_ which should be\nthe sole arbiter of finance in the United States. The United States\nGovernment would have almost nothing to do save to make the money and\nstand back of it; the bankers of the United States, and the people\nthereof, would have nothing to do except what they were told; the one\ncentral bank would be the real financial governing authority.\n\nWhen asked by Senator Bristow to state the fundamental difference\nbetween the Aldrich plan and the present Federal Reserve plan, Mr.\nWarburg replied:\n\n  \u201cWell, the Aldrich Bill brings the whole system into one unit, while\n  this deals with 12 units, and unites them again into the Federal\n  Reserve Board. It is a little bit complicated, which objection,\n  however, _can be overcome in an administrative way_; and in that\n  respect I freely criticized the bill before it was passed.\u201d\n\nThere is evidently, then, a method of administration for which severe\ncritics might even use the word \u201cmanipulation,\u201d by which the plain\nprovisions of a banking law, whatever they may be, may be, if not\nevaded, then somewhat adapted.\n\nThis idea is brought to mind by a more colloquial expression of Mr.\nWarburg\u2019s to be found in his address on \u201cbank acceptances\u201d delivered in\n1919:\n\n  \u201cIn this connection I am reminded of a story I once heard concerning\n  a man belonging to a species now soon to be extinct and to be found\n  by our children in Webster\u2019s dictionary only, the \u2018bartender.\u2019 A man\n  of this profession, in pre-historic times, was abandoning his\n  position and was turning over his cash-register to his successor.\n  \u2018Please show me how it works,\u2019 said the newcomer. \u2018_I will show you\n  how it works_,\u2019 said the other, \u2018_but I won\u2019t show you how to work\n  it_.\u2019\u201d\n\nThe politics of Mr. Warburg and the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Company formed\npart of the inquiry, and Mr. Warburg made some interesting revelations,\nwhich illustrate the oft-repeated statement that it is part of Jewish\npolicy\u2014perhaps of large financial firms generally\u2014to attach themselves\nto both parties so that certain interests may be the winners regardless\nof which party is defeated.\n\n  Senator Pomerene\u2014\u201cWhat are your politics?\u201d\n\n  Senator Nelson\u2014\u201cNo; we have not raised that before this committee.\u201d\n\n  Senator Reed\u2014\u201cIt has not been raised here, but I should like to\n  know.\u201d\n\n  Senator Pomerene\u2014\u201cIt has been raised before the Senate.\u201d\n\n  Senator Reed\u2014\u201cI will say why I should like to know.\u201d\n\n  Senator Pomerene\u2014\u201cWell, I have no objection to saying what was in my\n  own mind.\u201d\n\n  The Chairman\u2014\u201cI will say that I do not know what Mr. Warburg\u2019s\n  politics are.\u201d\n\n  Senator Pomerene\u2014\u201cWell, I did not.\u201d\n\n  Senator Shafroth\u2014\u201cI do not know and I do not care to know.\u201d\n\n  Senator Pomerene\u2014\u201cI heard the statement made that the entire board\n  was Democratic, and I had understood that Mr. Warburg was a\n  Republican, or had been, in his affiliations.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cWell, so I was; and my sympathies were entirely, in the\n  early campaign, for Mr. Taft against Mr. Roosevelt in the first\n  fight. When later on Mr. Roosevelt became President Wilson\u2019s\n  opponent my sympathies went with Mr. Wilson....\u201d\n\n  Senator Reed\u2014\u201cWell, you would count yourself a Republican, generally\n  speaking?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI would.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cIt has been variously reported in the newspapers\n  that you and your partners directly and indirectly contributed very\n  largely to Mr. Wilson\u2019s campaign funds.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cWell, my partners\u2014there is a very peculiar\n  condition\u2014no; I do not think any one of them contributed largely at\n  all; there may have been moderate contributions. My brother, for\n  instance, contributed to Mr. Taft\u2019s campaign.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cJust what would you consider a moderate\n  contribution to a presidential campaign?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cWell, that depends who the man is who contributes; but\n  I think anything below $10,000 or $5,000 would not be an extravagant\n  contribution, so far as that should be\u2014\u201d\n\n  (Examination resumed another day.)\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cNow, Mr. Warburg, when we closed Saturday some\n  Senator asked you in regard to political contributions, and I\n  understood you to say that you contributed to Mr. Wilson\u2019s\n  campaign.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cNo; my letter says that I offered to contribute; but it\n  was too late. I came back to this country only a few days before the\n  campaign closed.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cSo that you did not make any contribution?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI did not make any contribution; no.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cDid any members of your firm make contributions to\n  Mr. Wilson\u2019s campaign?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI think that is a matter of record. Mr. Schiff\n  contributed. I would not otherwise discuss the contributions of my\n  partners, if it was not a matter of record. I think Mr. Schiff was\n  the only one who contributed in our firm.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cAnd you stated that your brother had contributed to\n  Mr. Taft\u2019s campaign, as I understand it?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI did. But again, I do not want to go into a discussion\n  of my partners\u2019 affairs, and I shall stick to that pretty strictly,\n  or we will never get through.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cI understood you also to say that no members of\n  your firm contributed to Mr. Roosevelt\u2019s campaign.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI did not say that.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cOh! Did any members of the firm do that?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cMy answer would please you probably; but I shall not\n  answer that, but will repeat that I will not discuss my partners\u2019\n  affairs.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYes. I understood you to say Saturday that you were\n  a Republican, but when Mr. Roosevelt became a candidate, _you then\n  became a sympathizer with Mr. Wilson and supported him_?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201c_Yes._\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201c_While your brother was supporting Mr. Taft?_\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201c_Yes._\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201c_And I was interested to know whether any member of\n  your firm supported Mr. Roosevelt._\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201c_It is a matter of record that there are._\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201c_That there are some of them who did?_\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201c_Oh, yes._\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cWill you please indicate\u2014or do you care to\n  indicate\u2014what members of your firm supported Mr. Roosevelt in that\n  campaign?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cNo, sir; I shall have to go on the principle that I\n  cannot disclose the business of a member of my firm.\u201d\n\nThe result was this: that in a three-cornered fight between three\ncandidates, Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson, the men who constituted the firm\nof Kuhn, Loeb & Company, chief Jewish financial institution of the\nUnited States, distributed their support among all three. Schiff for\nWilson; Felix Warburg for Taft; and an unknown for Roosevelt\u2014was that\nunknown Mr. Kahn? In any case, Wilson won, and the above examination\nrelates to a member of the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Company receiving an\nimportant appointment which gave him large power over the finances of\nthe United States.\n\nThe point of not discussing the affairs of Kuhn, Loeb & Company was\nfrequently made by Mr. Warburg.\n\n\u201cI cannot discuss the affairs of the firm nor my partners, nor be asked\nto criticize acts of my partners, either to approve them or in any other\nway. I would like to say that before we come to the point where I would\nfeel that I should not answer any question,\u201d said Mr. Warburg.\n\nThe principle of this objection was conceded by the Senate Committee,\nbut that it ought to serve as a blanket injunction against a number of\npertinent inquiries was doubted.\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cBut you are a partner in this firm, and have you\n  not had something to do with its operations and its management?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cYes.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cDoes that not go to show your general views and\n  practices as a financier and as a citizen and as a business man?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cYes; but you have got to take them individually.... I\n  cannot permit my firm to be drawn into this discussion.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cBut how can you divest yourself from your firm when\n  you have been one of the managers of the firm?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI shall divest myself of the firm.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cIf the firm has done something that I might think\n  was improper\u2014to illustrate, being called upon to say whether or not\n  I approve your nomination to this responsible position\u2014have I not a\n  right to know what your attitude was in regard to that transaction\n  which your firm performed?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cWell, inasmuch as my answer there might be a criticism\n  of my firm, I would beg to be excused, and I would leave it to the\n  committee to draw its own conclusions....\u201d\n\nIn examining Mr. Warburg about the handling of $100,000,000 Southern\nPacific securities, the same difficulty was experienced; Mr. Warburg\nobjected, \u201cbut we are getting here again into the transactions of my\nfirm!\u201d\n\nTo which Senator Bristow retorted\u2014\u201cAh! but when you participated in the\nprofits of the transaction, is it not a part of your business life?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cCertainly it is a part of my business life, and there\n  is no reason why I should not be proud of it. But as a matter of\n  principle I think we should not get into a discussion of the\n  business of my firm.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cI am discussing your business.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cNo, you are discussing the firm\u2019s business.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cDid you get any of the profits that came from the\n  handling of this $100,000,000?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cYou may take it that whatever my firm did I got my\n  profits\u2014my share in the profits.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYour share in the profits. Now, without being\n  specific, I take it for granted that this was quite material; that\n  that was quite a material interest in size; that is, that you are\n  one of the important members of the firm.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cI am one of the important members of the firm.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYes, I think the testimony and the report here show\n  that you are the third important member\u2014or the second, which is\n  it?\u2014of the firm.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cWe are not numbered.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYou are not; all right.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cThere is Mr. Jacob H. Schiff who is the senior.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYes.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cAnd the others rank very much alike.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYes. We may take it for granted, then, that\n  whatever profits accrued to your firm in the handling of this\n  business here since you became a member of it, you participated in\n  the profits as one of the partners?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cYes, sir.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cYes. So I will assume then, of course, that you\n  participated in the marketing of $113,000,000 of Union Pacific, and\n  so on.\u201d\n\nThe responsibilities of a member of the Federal Reserve Board,\nespecially such a member as Paul M. Warburg would be (for it was\nrecognized that because of his purpose and connections he would become a\ndominating factor), were very great, especially at the time when the\nappointment was being considered. They are as important now, of course,\nbut in a different way; it is not now a question of military safety.\nThis thought was evidently in the mind of the senators, as the following\nshows:\n\nSenator Hitchcock\u2014\u201cMr. Warburg, _one of the important functions of the\nboard is to guard the gold supply of the country_, and it has been\nthought that _it is very important to have men on the board who had at\nheart only the interests of the United States_, and had no foreign\ninterests or alliances. You have said that you proposed to divest\nyourself altogether of your banking connections in Germany. Have you any\nother interests in Europe?\u201d\n\n\u201cNo, not to speak of,\u201d said Mr. Warburg. \u201cI may have very unimportant\nthings, like everybody has; but I could dispose of those; it would not\namount to anything.\u201d\n\nSenator Hitchcock\u2014\u201cNothing in the line of banking?\u201d\n\nMr. Warburg\u2014\u201cNo.\u201d\n\nA few moments later the chairman, Senator Owen, said\u2014(the date was\nAugust 1, 1914)\u2014\u201cWe are on the eve of a great European war, and the\norganization of this board is of great national importance.\u201d\n\nAt this time, Mr. Warburg was a member of the Hamburg firm. He testified\n(p. 7)\u2014\u201cI am going to leave my Hamburg firm, though the law does not\nrequire me to do so.\u201d\n\nA part of the German firm of his father and brothers, a part of the\nAmerican firm to which he and his brother were related by marital as\nwell as financial ties, Mr. Warburg repeatedly said he would break off\nall business relationships so that he, like Caesar\u2019s wife (to quote\nhimself), should be above suspicion.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of June 25, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                  LIX.\n                Jewish Idea of Central Bank for America\n\n\nAccording to his own statements and the facts, Paul M. Warburg set out\nto reform the monetary system of the United States, and did so. He had\nthe success which comes to few men, of coming an alien to the United\nStates, connecting himself with the principal Jewish financial firm\nhere, and immediately floating certain banking ideas which have been\npushed and manipulated and variously adapted until they have eventuated\nin what is known as the Federal Reserve System.\n\nWhen Professor Seligman wrote in the Proceedings of the Academy of\nPolitical Science that \u201cthe Federal Reserve Act will be associated in\nhistory with the name of Paul M. Warburg,\u201d a Jewish banker from Germany,\nhe wrote the truth. But whether that association will be such as to\nbring the measure of renown which Professor Seligman implies, the future\nwill reveal.\n\nWhat the people of the United States do not understand and never have\nunderstood is that while the Federal Reserve _Act_ was governmental, the\nwhole Federal Reserve _System_ is private. It is an officially created\nprivate banking system.\n\nExamine the first thousand persons you meet on the street, and 999 will\ntell you that the Federal Reserve System is a device whereby the United\nStates Government went into the banking business for the benefit of the\npeople. They have an idea that, like the Post Office and the Custom\nHouse, a Federal Reserve Bank is a part of the Government\u2019s official\nmachinery.\n\nIt is natural to feel that this mistaken view has been encouraged by\nmost of the men who are competent to write for the public on this\nquestion. Take up the standard encyclopedias, and while you will find no\nmisstatements of fact in them, you will find no direct statement that\nthe Federal Reserve System is a private banking system; the impression\ncarried away by the lay reader is that it is a part of the Government.\n\nThe Federal Reserve System is a system of private banks, the creation of\na banking aristocracy within an already existing autocracy, whereby a\ngreat proportion of banking independence was lost, and whereby it was\nmade possible for speculative financiers to centralize great sums of\nmoney for their own purposes, beneficial or not.\n\nThat this System was useful in the artificial conditions created by\nwar\u2014useful, that is, for a Government that cannot manage its own\nbusiness and finances and, like a prodigal son, is always wanting money,\nand wanting it when it wants it\u2014it has proved, either by reason of its\ninherent faults or by mishandling, its inadequacy to the problems of\npeace. It has sadly failed of its promise, and is now under serious\nquestion.\n\nMr. Warburg\u2019s scheme succeeded just in time to take care of war\nconditions, he was placed on the Federal Reserve Board in order to\nmanage his system in practice, and though he was full of ideas then as\nto how banking could be assisted, he is disappointingly silent now as to\nhow the people can be relieved.\n\nHowever, this is not a discussion of the Federal Reserve System. General\ncondemnation of it would be stupid. But it is bound to come up for\ndiscussion one day, and the discussion will become much freer when\npeople understand that it is a system of privately owned banks, to which\nhave been delegated certain extraordinary privileges, and that it has\ncreated a class system within the banking world which constitutes a new\norder.\n\nMr. Warburg, it will be remembered, wanted only one central bank. But,\nbecause of political considerations, as Professor Seligman tells us,\ntwelve were decided upon. An examination of Mr. Warburg\u2019s printed\ndiscussions of the subject shows that he at one time considered four,\nthen eight. Eventually, twelve were established. The reason was that one\ncentral bank, which naturally would be set up in New York, would give a\nsuspicious country the impression that it was only a new scheme to keep\nthe nation\u2019s money flowing to New York. As shown by Professor Seligman,\nquoted in the last number, Mr. Warburg was not averse to granting\nanything that would allay popular suspicion without vitiating the real\nplan.\n\nSo, while admitting to the Senators who examined him as to his fitness\nfor membership on the Federal Reserve Board\u2014the Board which fixed the\npolicies of the banks of the Federal Reserve System and told them what\nto do\u2014that he did not like the 12 district banks idea, he said that his\nobjections to it could \u201cbe overcome in an administrative way.\u201d That is,\nthe 12 banks could be so handled that the effect would be the same as if\nthere were only one central bank, presumably at New York.\n\nAnd that is about the way it has resulted, and that will be found to be\none of the reasons for the present situation of the country.\n\nThere is no lack of money in New York today. Motion picture ventures are\nbeing financed into the millions. A big grain selling pool, nursed into\nexistence and counseled by Bernard M. Baruch, has no hesitancy whatever\nin planning for a $100,000,000 corporation. Loew, the Jewish theatrical\nman, had no difficulty in opening 20 new theaters this year\u2014\n\n_But_ go into the agricultural states, where the real wealth of the\ncountry is in the ground and in the granaries, and you cannot find money\nfor the farmer.\n\nIt is a situation which none can deny and which few can explain, because\nthe explanation is not to be found along natural lines. Natural\nconditions are always easiest to explain. Unnatural conditions wear an\nair of mystery. Here is the United States, the richest country in the\nworld, containing at the present hour the greatest bulk of wealth to be\nfound anywhere on earth\u2014real, ready, available, usable wealth; and yet\nit is tied up tight, and cannot move in its legitimate channels, because\nof manipulation which is going on as regards money.\n\nMoney is the last mystery for the popular mind to penetrate, and when it\nsucceeds in getting \u201con the inside\u201d it will discover that the mystery is\nnot in money at all, but in its manipulation, the things which are done\n\u201cin an administrative way.\u201d\n\nThe United States has never had a President who gave evidence of\nunderstanding this matter at all. Our Presidents have always had to take\ntheir views from financiers. Money is the most public quantity in the\ncountry; it is the most federalized and governmentalized thing in the\ncountry; and yet, in the present situation, the United States Government\nhas hardly anything to do with it, except to use various means to get\nit, just as the people have to get it, from those who control it.\n\nThe Money Question, properly solved, is the end of the Jewish Question\nand every other question of a mundane nature.\n\nMr. Warburg is of the opinion that different rates of interest ought to\nobtain in different parts of the country. That they have always obtained\nin different parts of the same state we have always known, but the\nreason for it has not been discovered. The city grocer can get money\nfrom his bank at a lower rate than the farmer in the next county can get\nit from his bank. Why the agricultural rate of interest has been higher\nthan any other (when money is obtainable; it is not obtainable now) is a\nquestion to which no literary nor oratorical financier has ever publicly\naddressed himself. It is like the fact of the private business nature of\nthe Federal Reserve System\u2014very important, but no authority thinks it\nworth while to state. The agricultural rate of interest is of great\nimportance, but to discuss it would involve first an admission, and that\napparently is not desirable.\n\nIn comparing the present Federal Reserve Law with the proposed Aldrich\nBill, Mr. Warburg said:\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201c... I think that this present law has the advantage of\n  dealing with the entire country and giving them different rates of\n  discount, whereas, as Senator Aldrich\u2019s bill was drawn, it would\n  have been very difficult to do that, as it provided for one uniform\n  rate for the whole country, which I thought was rather a mistake.\u201d\n\n  Senator Bristow\u2014\u201cThat is, you can charge a higher rate of interest\n  in one section of the country under the present law, than you charge\n  in another section, while under the Aldrich plan it would have been\n  a uniform rate.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Warburg\u2014\u201cThat is correct.\u201d\n\nThat is a point worth clearing up. If Mr. Warburg, having educated the\nbankers, will now turn his attention to the people, and make it clear\nwhy one class in the country can get money for business that is not\nproductive of real wealth, while another class engaged in the production\nof real wealth is treated as outside the interest of banking altogether;\nif he can make it clear also why money is sold to one class or one\nsection of the country at one price, while to another class and in\nanother section it is sold at a different price, he will be adding to\nthe people\u2019s grasp of these matters.\n\nThis suggestion is seriously intended. Mr. Warburg has the style, the\npedagogical patience, the grasp of the subject which would make him an\nadmirable public teacher of these matters.\n\nWhat he has already done was planned from the point of view of the\ninterest of the professional financier. It is readily granted that Mr.\nWarburg desired to organize American finances into a more pliable\nsystem. Doubtless in some respects he has wrought important\nimprovements. But he had always the banking house in mind, and he dealt\nwith paper. Now, if taking up a position outside those special\ninterests, he would address himself to the wider interests of the\npeople\u2014not assuming that those interests always run through a banking\nhouse\u2014he would do still more than he has yet done to justify his feeling\nthat he really had a mission in coming to this country.\n\nMr. Warburg is not at all shocked by the idea that the Federal Reserve\nSystem is really a new kind of private banking control, because in his\nEuropean experience he saw that all the central banks were private\naffairs.\n\nIn his essay on \u201cAmerican and European Banking Methods and Bank\nLegislation Compared,\u201d Mr. Warburg says: (the italics are ours)\n\n\u201cIt may also be interesting to note that, _contrary to a widespread\nidea, the central banks of Europe are, as a rule, not owned by the\ngovernments_. As a matter of fact, neither the English, French, nor\nGerman Government owns any stock in the central bank of its country.\n_The Bank of England is run entirely as a private corporation_, the\nstockholders electing the board of directors, who rotate in holding the\npresidency. In France the government appoints the governor and some of\nthe directors. In Germany the government appoints the president and a\nsupervisory board of five members, while the stockholders elect the\nboard of directors.\u201d\n\nAnd again, in his discussion of the Owen-Glass Bill, Mr. Warburg says:\n\n\u201cThe Monetary Commission\u2019s plan proceeded on the theory of the Bank of\nEngland, _which leaves the management entirely in the hands of business\nmen without giving the government any part in the management or\ncontrol_. The strong argument in favor of this theory is that central\nbanking, like any other banking, is based on \u2018sound credit,\u2019 that the\njudging of credits is a matter of business which should be left in the\nhands of business men, _and that the government should be kept out of\nbusiness_.... The Owen-Glass Bill proceeds, in this respect, more on the\nlines of the Banque de France and the German Reichsbank, the presidents\nand boards of which are to a certain extent appointed by the government.\n_These central banks, while legally private corporations_, are\nsemi-governmental organs inasmuch as _they are permitted to issue the\nnotes of the nation_\u2014particularly where there are elastic note issues,\nas in almost all countries except England\u2014and inasmuch as _they are the\ncustodians of practically the entire metallic reserves of the country\nand the keepers of the government funds_. Moreover in questions of\nnational policy _the government must rely on the willing and loyal\nco-operation of these central organs_.\u201d\n\nThat is a very illuminating passage. It will be well worth the reader\u2019s\ntime, especially the reader who has always been puzzled by financial\nmatters, to turn over in his mind the facts here given by a great Jewish\nfinancial expert about the central bank idea. Observe the phrases:\n\n(a) \u201cwithout giving the government any part in the management or\ncontrol.\u201d\n\n(b) \u201cthese central banks, while legally private corporations ... are\npermitted to issue the notes of the nation.\u201d\n\n(c) \u201cthey are custodians of practically the entire metallic reserves of\nthe nation and the keepers of the government funds.\u201d\n\n(d) \u201cin questions of national policy, the government must rely on the\nwilling and loyal co-operation of these central organs.\u201d\n\nIt is not now a question whether these things are right or wrong; it is\nmerely a question of understanding that they constitute the fact.\n\nIt is specially notable that in paragraph (d) it is a fair deduction\nthat in questions of national policy, the government will simply have to\ndepend not only on the patriotism but also to an extent on the\npermission and counsel of the financial organizations. That is a fair\ninterpretation: questions of national policy are, by this method,\nrendered dependent upon the financial corporations.\n\nLet that point be clear, quite regardless of the question whether or not\nthis is the way national policies should be determined.\n\nMr. Warburg said that he believed in a certain amount of government\ncontrol\u2014but not too much. He said: \u201cIn strengthening the government\ncontrol, the Owen-Glass Bill therefore moved in the right direction; but\nit went too far and fell into the other and even more dangerous\nextreme.\u201d\n\nThe \u201cmore dangerous extreme\u201d was, of course, the larger measure of\ngovernment supervision provided for, and the establishment of a number\nof Federal Reserve Banks out in the country.\n\nMr. Warburg had referred to this before; he had agreed to the larger\nnumber only because it seemed to be an unavoidable political concession.\nIt has already been shown, by Professor Seligman, that Mr. Warburg was\nalive to the necessity of veiling a little here and there, and \u201cputting\non\u201d a little yonder, for the sake of conciliating a suspicious public.\nThere was also the story of the bartender and the cash-register.\n\nMr. Warburg thinks he understands the psychology of America. In this\nrespect he reminds one of the reports of Mr. von Bernstorff and Captain\nBoy-Ed of what the Americans were likely to do or not to do. In the\nPolitical Science Quarterly of December, 1920, Mr. Warburg tells how, on\na then recent visit to Europe, he was asked by men of all countries what\nthe United States was going to do. He assured them that America was a\nlittle tired just then, but that she would come round all right. And\nthen, harking back to his efforts of placing his monetary system on the\nAmericans, he said:\n\n\u201cI asked them to be patient with us until after the election, and _I\ncited to them our experiences with monetary reform_. I reminded them how\nthe Aldrich plan had failed because, at that time, a Republican\nPresident had lost control of a Congress ruled by a Democratic majority;\nhow the Democrats in their platform damned this plan and any central\nbanking system; and how, _once in full power, the National Reserve\nAssociation was evolved, not to say camouflaged, by them into the\nFederal Reserve System_.\u201d\n\nRemembering this play before the public, and the play behind the scenes,\nthis \u201ccamouflaging,\u201d as Mr. Warburg says, of one thing into another, he\nundertook to assure his friends in Europe that regardless of what the\npolitical platforms said, the United States would do substantially what\nEurope hoped it would. Mr. Warburg\u2019s basis for that belief was, as he\nsaid, his experience with the way the central bank idea went through in\nspite of the advertised objection of all parties. He believes that with\nAmericans it is possible to get what you want if you just play the game\nskillfully. His experience with monetary reform seems to have fathered\nthat belief in him.\n\nPoliticians may be necessary pawns to play in the game, but as members\nof the government Mr. Warburg does not want them in banking. They are\nnot bankers, he says; they don\u2019t understand; banking is nothing for a\ngovernment man to meddle with. He may be good enough for the Government\nof the United States; he is not good enough for banking.\n\n\u201cIn our country,\u201d says Mr. Warburg, referring to the United States,\n\u201cwith every untrained amateur a candidate for any office, _where\nfriendship or help in a presidential campaign, financial or political,\nhas always given a claim for political preferment_, where the bids for\nvotes and public favor are ever present in the politician\u2019s mind, ... _a\ndirect government management, that is to say, a political management,\nwould prove fatal_.... There can be no doubt but that, as drawn at\npresent (1913), with two cabinet officers members of the Federal Reserve\nBoard, and with the vast powers vested in the latter, the Owen-Glass\nBill would bring about direct government management.\u201d\n\nAnd that, of course, in Mr. Warburg\u2019s mind, is not only \u201cdangerous,\u201d but\n\u201cfatal.\u201d\n\nMr. Warburg had almost his whole will in the matter. And what is the\nresult?\n\nTurn to the testimony of Bernard M. Baruch, when he was examined with\nreference to the charge that certain men close to President Wilson had\nprofited to the extent of $60,000,000 on stock market operations which\nthey entered into on the strength of advance information of what the\nPresident was to say in his next war note\u2014the famous \u201cleak\u201d\ninvestigation, as it was called; one of the several investigations in\nwhich Mr. Baruch was closely questioned.\n\nIn that investigation Mr. Baruch was laboring to show that he had not\nbeen in telephone communication with Washington, especially with certain\nmen who were supposed to have shared the profits of the deals. The time\nwas December, 1916. Mr. Warburg was then safely settled on the Federal\nReserve Board, which he had kept quite safe from Government intrusion.\n\n  The Chairman\u2014\u201cOf course the records of the telephone company here,\n  the slips, will show the persons with whom you talked.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Baruch\u2014\u201cDo you wish me to say, sir? I will state who they are.\u201d\n\n  The Chairman\u2014\u201cYes, I think you might.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Baruch\u2014\u201cI called up two persons; one, Mr. Warburg, whom I did\n  not get, and one, Secretary McAdoo, whom I did get\u2014both in reference\n  to the same matter. Would you like to know the matter?\u201d\n\n  The Chairman\u2014\u201cYes, I think it is fair that you should state it.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Baruch\u2014\u201cI called up the Secretary, because someone suggested to\n  me\u2014_asked me to suggest an officer for the Federal Reserve Bank_,\n  and I called him up in reference to that, and discussed the matter\n  with him, I think, _two or three times_, but it was suggested to me\n  that I make the suggestion, and I did so.\u201d (pp. 570\u2013571)\n\n  Mr. Campbell\u2014\u201cMr. Baruch, who asked you for a suggestion for an\n  appointee for the Federal Reserve Bank here?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Baruch\u2014\u201cMr. E. M. House.\u201d\n\n  Mr. Campbell\u2014\u201cDid Mr. House tell you to call Mr. McAdoo up and make\n  the recommendation?\u201d\n\n  Mr. Baruch\u2014\u201cI will tell you exactly how it occurred: _Mr. House\n  called me up_ and said that there was a vacancy on the Federal\n  Reserve Board, and he said, \u2018I don\u2019t know anything about those\n  fellows down there, and I would like you to make a suggestion.\u2019 _And\n  I suggested the name_, which he thought was a very good one, and he\n  said to me, \u2018I wish you would call up the Secretary and tell him.\u2019 I\n  said, \u2018I do not see the necessity; I will tell you.\u2019 \u2018No,\u2019 he said,\n  \u2018I would prefer you to call him up.\u2019\u201d (p. 575)\n\nThere we have an example of the Federal Reserve \u201ckept out of politics,\u201d\nkept away from government management which would not only be\n\u201cdangerous,\u201d but \u201cfatal.\u201d\n\nBarney Baruch, the New York stock plunger, who never owned a bank in his\nlife, was called up by Colonel E. M. House, the arch-politician of the\nWilson Administration, and thus the great Federal Reserve Board was\nsupplied another member.\n\nA telephone call kept within a narrow Jewish circle and settled by a\nword from one Jewish stock dealer\u2014that, in practical operation, was Mr.\nWarburg\u2019s great monetary reform. Mr. Baruch calling up Mr. Warburg to\ngive the name of the next appointee of the Federal Reserve Board, and\ncalling up Mr. McAdoo, secretary of the United States Treasury, and set\nin motion to do it by Colonel E. M. House\u2014is it any wonder the Jewish\nmystery in the American war government grows more and more amazing?\n\nBut, as Mr. Warburg has written\u2014\u201cfriendship or help in _a presidential\ncampaign_, financial or political, has always given a claim to political\npreferment.\u201d And, as Mr. Warburg urges, this is a country \u201cwith every\nuntrained amateur a candidate for office,\u201d and naturally, with such men\ncomprising the government, they must be kept at a safe distance from\nmonetary affairs.\n\nAs if to illustrate the ignorance thus charged, along comes Mr. Baruch,\nwho quotes Colonel House as saying, \u201cI don\u2019t know anything about those\nfellows down there and I would like you to make a suggestion.\u201d It is\npermissible to doubt that Mr. Baruch correctly quotes Colonel House. It\nis permissible to doubt that all that Colonel House confessed was his\nignorance about \u201cthose fellows.\u201d There was a good understanding between\nthese two men, too good an understanding for the alleged telephone\nconversation to be taken strictly at its face value. It is possibly\nquite true that Mr. House is not a financier. Certainly, Mr. Wilson was\nnot. In the long roll of Presidents only a handful have been, and those\nwho have been have been regarded as most drastic in their proposals.\n\nBut this whole matter of ignorance, as charged by Mr. Warburg, sounds\nlike an echo of the Protocols:\n\n  \u201cThe administrators chosen by us from the masses _will not be\n  persons trained for government_, and consequently they will easily\n  become pawns in our game, played by _our learned and talented\n  counsellors, specialists educated from early childhood to administer\n  world affairs_.\u201d\n\nIn the Twentieth Protocol, wherein the great financial plan of world\nsubversion and control is disclosed, there is another mention of the\nrulers\u2019 ignorance of financial problems.\n\nIt is a coincidence that, while he does not use the term \u201cignorance,\u201d\nMr. Warburg is quite outspoken concerning the benighted state in which\nhe found this country, and he is also outspoken about the \u201cuntrained\namateurs\u201d who are candidates for every office. These, he says, are not\nfitted to take part in the control of monetary affairs. But Mr. Warburg\nis. He says so. He admits that it was his ambition from the moment he\ncame here an alien Jewish-German banker, to change our financial affairs\nmore to his liking. More than that, he has succeeded; he has succeeded,\nhe himself says, more than most men do in a lifetime; he has succeeded,\nProfessor Seligman says, to such an extent that throughout history the\nname of Paul M. Warburg and that of the Federal Reserve System shall be\nunited.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of July 2, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                  LX.\n               How Jewish International Finance Functions\n\n\n\u201c_Such has been the development of international bankers that they can\nno longer be regarded in their professional capacity as the nationals of\nany country, entitled to do business under their own government\u2019s\nsupervision exclusively. They are really world citizens, with world-wide\ninterests, and as such ought to be made amenable to some form of\nsupernational control._\u201d\u2014George Pattullo, in _Saturday Evening Post_.\n\nNot only did the Jewish financial firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Company use\nfar-sighted prudence in splitting its political support\u2014one Warburg\nsupporting Wilson, another Warburg supporting Taft and an unnamed member\nof the firm supporting Roosevelt, all at one time, as Paul M. Warburg\ntestified\u2014but it split its activities in several other ways also.\n\nThe international interests of the Jews comprising this firm are worthy\nof note. The influence which forced the United States to repudiate a\ncommercial treaty with Russia while Russia was a friendly country\n(1911), and thus to compel all business between the United States and\nRussia to pass through German-Jewish hands, was generated by Jacob H.\nSchiff. Russia seems to have been the country on which he chose to focus\nhis activities. The full story is told in THE DEARBORN INDEPENDENT of\nJanuary 15, 1921, under the title, \u201cTaft Once Tried to Resist the\nJews\u2014and Failed,\u201d and is reprinted in Volume II of the booklet\ncontaining this series.\n\nMr. Schiff\u2019s activity consisted in forcing the Congress of the United\nStates to do a thing that was repugnant to the reason and conscience of\nPresident Taft, and which he personally refused to do or to recommend.\nMr. Schiff left the White House in great anger with the threat, \u201cThis\nmeans war.\u201d It did not mean as much war as it might have, for President\nTaft acquiesced gracefully in the Jewish victory and has since been\nextremely laudatory of them on the public platform.\n\nMr. Schiff\u2019s firm also helped finance the Japanese war against Russia,\nand in return desired Japan as a Jewish ally. The wily Japs, however,\nsaw the game and kept their relations with Mr. Schiff to purely business\nmatters. Which fact is well worth bearing in mind when reading the\nwidespread propaganda for war with Japan. If you will give particular\nattention, you will observe that the same interests which are just now\nengaged in most loudly \u201cdefending\u201d the Jew, are most active in spreading\nanti-Japanese sentiments in this country.\n\nThe Japanese war with Russia, however, enabled Mr. Schiff to advance his\nplan to undermine the Russian Empire, as it has now been accomplished by\nJewish Bolshevism. With funds provided by him, the basic principles of\nwhat is now known as Bolshevism, were sown among the Russian prisoners\nof war in Japan, who were sent back as apostles of destruction. Then\nfollowed the horrible murder of Nicholas Romanoff, Czar of Russia, with\nhis wife, his crippled son, and his young daughters, the full tale of\nwhich has now been told by the Jew who managed the crime.\n\nFor the part he played in destroying Russia, Mr. Schiff was wildly\nhailed in New York the night the news came that the Emperor had\nabdicated.\n\nMeanwhile, the Jew who was \u201cto take the Czar\u2019s job\u201d (as the common New\nYork ghetto phrase ran, weeks before the event) had left New York to be\nin waiting.\n\nThis Jew was passed out of the United States at the request of a very\nhigh American personage whose subservience to the Jews was one of the\nmarvels of the past seven years. Halted by the British, this Jew was\nreleased from their toils at the request of a very high American\npersonage. And thus, the Jewish Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the\nprogram of which was made in America, was set in operation without a\nhitch.\n\nThis whole firm is German Jewish, its members having originated in\nGermany. It had German connections. How far it maintained those\nconnections through all subsequent events is a separate question.\n\nMr. Otto Kahn\u2019s allotted portion of the world seems to be Great Britain\nand France. Mr. Kahn is of German origin, like the rest of the firm, but\nhe has not publicly shown such concern for Germany as have the other\nmembers. Mr. Schiff was once very active for the settlement of a peace\non the basis of a victorious Germany. Mr. Paul M. Warburg also had\ninterests, discussion of which is postponed for the present. But Mr.\nKahn succeeded, through the connivance of American authority and the\nexcessive repression of the newspapers, in conveying the impression that\nby some species of occult separatism he was not \u201cGerman-minded.\u201d\n\nTherefore Mr. Kahn flits lightly everywhere\u2014except Germany. He is\nsufficiently French to be able to tell in the first column on the first\npage of _Le Matin_ on what terms America will do business with Europe,\nand he speaks as one having authority. He is sufficiently British to\nhave thought of standing for the British Parliament, when an unfortunate\nevent made it necessary for him to remain in the United States. Mr. Kahn\nsometimes flits farther East into the more Jewish portions of Europe,\nand his comings and goings are marked by certain changes with which his\nname remains most ostentatiously disconnected.\n\nMr. Kahn has very recently been telling France on what terms the United\nStates will help her. There apparently being no other spokesman, Mr.\nKahn\u2019s word is accepted as authority. France is one of the most Judaized\ncountries in the world, the haunt of International Jewish Financiers who\nexercise their power (thus saving France the trouble of passing laws) to\nkeep the emigrant Jew out of France; so that France presents the\nspectacle of being Judaized by Jewish finance and not by immigrant\nSemitic hordes, and is thus a fit platform from which Mr. Otto Herman\nKahn may utter his pronouncements.\n\nIn his last declaration to France, Mr. Kahn prepares her to expect\nlittle by stating that \u201cAmerica is a country of immense resources; but\nthe actual money which the people have at their disposal is\ncomparatively limited.\u201d True enough. It was a member of Mr. Kahn\u2019s firm\nwho invented a monetary system which was promised to keep _money_ in\nmore equal relation to _wealth_.\n\nBut as he goes on telling what America will and will not do (the\nAmerican people knowing nothing about it meanwhile) Mr. Kahn discovers\nwith great enthusiasm a place where he thinks American capital can be\nplaced, namely, \u201c_in the development of the vast and immensely rich\ncolonial empire of France_.\u201d\n\nAnd pray where is that? Any Frenchman would tell you now, \u201c_In Syria._\u201d\nSyria\u2014ah!\u2014that part of the East where the natives are loudly complaining\nthat the Jews are driving them out contrary to every written and moral\nlaw. The Jewish powers have already succeeded in getting French troops\nover there; bad blood has been caused between France and Great Britain;\nthe Jews on both sides are playing for the middle; and here is Mr. Otto\nKahn himself pledging American capital to the development of the French\ncolonial empire! Talk to any Syrian who knows his country\u2019s present\nstatus, and he will interpret Mr. Kahn\u2019s words very vividly.\n\nOne of the nicest bits of work Mr. Kahn has done is to denounce\n\u201cpro-German propaganda\u201d which he says has exasperated Americans in favor\nof France. Next to committing the United States to an undying admiration\nfor Briand, this is really his finest bit. Especially, with Partner Paul\nplaying the German sympathy string! It is a great international\norchestra, this Jewish financial firm; it can play The Star Spangled\nBanner, Die Wacht am Rhein, the Marseillaise, and God Save the King in\none harmonious rendering, paying obsequious attention to the prejudices\nof each.\n\nNext come the Warburgs. Their interest is, of course, in Germany. Paul\nstated in his testimony given at the beginning of the World War that he\nhad interests in Hamburg and would dispose of them. The war came on. The\nJewish government in the United States was augmented. Mr. Warburg was no\nmean figure, as previous articles have shown.\n\nThe Warburgs are three in number. Felix M. is the other one in America.\nHe appears but slightly in public affairs although he is a member of the\nAmerican Jewish Committee and of the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Company. His\nretiring habit, however, does not argue lack of consequence. He was of\nsufficient consequence, Jewishly, to have bestowed upon him a sort of\nhonorary rabbinical degree of \u201cHaber\u201d which entitles him to be known as\n\u201cHaber Rabbi Baruch Ben Moshe.\u201d He is the only Jew in America upon whom\nthe title has ever been conferred.\n\nMax Warburg represents the family in its native land. Max Warburg had as\nmuch to do with the German war government as his family and financial\ncolleagues in America had to do with the United States war government.\nAs has been recounted in the press the world over, the brother from\nAmerica and the brother from Germany both met at Paris as government\nrepresentatives in determining the peace. There were so many Jews in the\nGerman delegation that it was known by the term \u201ckosher,\u201d also as \u201cthe\nWarburg delegation,\u201d and there were so many Jews in the American\ndelegation that the delegates from the minor countries of Europe looked\nupon the United States as a Jewish country which through unheard-of\ngenerosity had elected a non-Jew as its President.\n\nMax Warburg is an interesting character also as regards the\nestablishment of Bolshevism in Russia. The Jews had several objectives\nin the war, and one of them was \u201cget Russia.\u201d To this end the German\nJews worked very assiduously. Because Russia was a member of the Allies,\nthe work of German Jews was made the easier. But the fact that Russia\nwas an ally made no difference with the Jews who were resident in Allied\ncountries. Win or lose, Russia must be destroyed. It is the testimony of\nhistory that it was not so much the German military prowess as the\nJewish intrigue that accomplished the downfall of that empire.\n\nIn this work Max Warburg was a factor. His bank is noted in a dispatch\npublished by the United States Government as being one whence funds were\nforwarded to Trotzky for use in destroying Russia. Always against\nRussia, not for German reasons, but for Jewish reasons, which in this\nparticular instance coincided. Warburg and Trotzky\u2014against Russia!\n\nPoor John Spargo, who ought to know better, denies all this\u2014while every\nAmerican who comes back from Russia, even those who went over there pro-\nBolshevik, yes, and returned Jews themselves, proclaim it.\n\nThe crushing fact is that Bolshevism is not only Jewish in Russia, and\nin America, but it is Jewish in the higher regions of Jewry where better\nthings ought to exist. Take Walter Rathenau, a German Jew on the plane\nof the Warburgs. Rathenau was the inventor of the Bolshevik system of\ncentralization of industry, material and money. The Soviet Government\nasked Rathenau directly for the plans, and received them directly from\nhim. Max Warburg\u2019s bank held the money; Walter Rathenau\u2019s mind held the\nplans\u2014which makes it a pertinent question: If Bolshevism can be so\nJewish outside of Russia, what hinders it being Jewish inside Russia?\n\nIt is a most significant fact that, as in Washington, the most constant\nand privileged visitors to the White House were Jews, so in Berlin the\nonly private telephone wire to the Kaiser was owned by Walter Rathenau.\nNot even the Crown Prince could reach the Kaiser except through the\nordinary telephone connections. It was the same in London. It was the\nsame in Paris. It was the same in Petrograd\u2014in Russia which so\n\u201cpersecuted\u201d the race that controlled it then and controls it now.\n\nNow, this sketchy outline of the internationalism of the firm of Kuhn,\nLoeb & Company is not offered as the result of keen research, for the\nfacts are found on the very surface of the matter, for anyone to see.\nWhat is revealed by research is this: whether Mr. Schiff\u2019s interest in\nRussia had underground features which affected the welfare of the\nnations; whether Mr. Kahn\u2019s flitting missions here and there, which he\nmade with great freedom daring the war, were wholly taken up with the\nbusiness announced in the public notices; and whether Mr. Warburg, whose\ninterest in Germany has not abated, to judge from his recent utterances,\nwas able to retain complete neutrality of mind during the war. These are\nquestions of value. Obviously, they are not easy to answer. But they can\nbe answered.\n\nIt was a family enterprise, this international campaign. Jacob Schiff\nswore to destroy Russia. Paul M. Warburg was his brother-in-law; Felix\nWarburg was his son-in-law. Max Warburg, of Hamburg, banker of the\nBolsheviks, was thus brother-in-law to Jacob Schiff\u2019s wife and daughter.\n\nSpeaking of the far-sighted manner in which the house of Kuhn, Loeb &\nCompany disposes itself over world affairs, there is also the curious\nfact that in this Jewish firm is one who goes to a Christian church\u2014a\nmost heinous thing for a Jew to do. Split three ways in American\npolitics and as many ways as international matters require, we find this\nfirm split two ways with regard to religion. Mr. Kahn professes\u2014at least\nhe attends\u2014a Christian church and is accounted an adherent of it. Yet he\nis not ostracized. His name is not taboo. The Jews do not curse him. He\nis not denounced as a renegade. The Jews have not buried him out of\nmind, as they do others who desert the faith.\n\nThis presents a strange situation when it is considered. Not to recount\nagain the horror and reprehension and active antagonism with which Jews\nview such a desertion, suffice it to say that there is no greater marvel\nthan that of Jacob H. Schiff retaining in the firm of Kuhn, Loeb &\nCompany a \u201crenegade\u201d Jew. He could not have done it; every fiber of his\nintensely Jewish nature would have rebelled against it. Yet there it is!\n\nWithout going further into this ingenious system of covering all vital\npoints from one center, enough has been said to show one busy Jewish\nfinancial firm with which political matters, national and international,\nis almost a profession. The family of Warburg high in the controlling\ngroup of two countries, and enemy countries at that. The family of\nWarburg high in the negotiations of world peace and the discussions of a\nLeague of Nations. The family of Warburg now advising the world from\nboth sides of the earth, what to do next. It was probably with more\nreason than the general public surmised that a New York paper printed\nduring the Peace Conference an article headed, \u201cWatch the Warburgs!\u201d\n\nThe fact seems to be that, as Mr. Pattullo is quoted as saying at the\nhead of this article, the international financiers have been so\nengrossed in world money that the sense of national responsibility\nsometimes becomes blurred in their minds. They desire everything\u2014war,\nnegotiations and peace\u2014to be conducted in such a way as to react\nfavorably on the money market. For that is their market: money is what\nthey buy and sell: and because money has no fixed price, it is a market\nwhich offers the widest opportunity for the trickster and swindler. One\ncannot play such tricks with stone or corn or metals, but with money as\nthe commodity everything is possible.\n\nMr. Warburg is already very much interested about the treatment to be\naccorded foreign securities in the next war. Readers of the daily\nnewspapers may recall that recently a demand was made for the gold in\nthe Reichsbank, which was resisted on the ground that the Reichsbank,\nalthough the central bank of Germany, was really a private concern\u2014just\nas Paul Warburg said it was and just as he has insisted that our own\nFederal Reserve System should be, and which it is. There is far-sighted\nwisdom in that, with a view to possible defeat in war.\n\nMr. Warburg is apparently quite disapproving of the treatment accorded\nalien enemy property \u201cby some countries.\u201d He quotes a French banker\nthroughout\u2014nationality not stated\u2014and drives home his point. The French\nbanker used as an illustration a possible war between England and France\n(this was only last year) and said that the bankers in each country\nwould proceed to withdraw their mutual balances and securities, for fear\nof confiscation, and that such a course would precipitate a panic.\n\nTo which Mr. Warburg adds: \u201cI think that our bankers ought carefully to\nstudy this very serious question. We have nothing to gain and much to\nlose by joining in a policy of disregarding the rights of private\nproperty. We shall probably, in the course of time, become the largest\nowners of foreign securities and properties, which would become\nendangered in case we were drawn into war. To me, however, it is of\ngreater interest that nothing be done that might stand in the way of\nmaking the United States the gold reserve country of the world....\u201d\n\nSuch talk passes with too little scrutiny. It bears a strong reflection\nof recent events which should not be overlooked. Moreover, it presents a\ngrandiose vision which is supposed to command instant agreement because\nof its appeal to superficial national pride and selfish ambition.\n\nIf what Mr. Warburg says is an intimation that the International Jews\nare planning to move their money market to the United States, it is safe\nto say that the United States does not want it. We have the warning of\nhistory as to what this would mean. It has meant that in turn Spain,\nVenice, Great Britain or Germany received the blame and suspicion of the\nworld for what the Jewish financiers have done. It is a most important\nconsideration that most of the national animosities that exist today\narose out of resentment against what the Jewish money power did under\nthe camouflage of national names. \u201cThe British did this,\u201d \u201cthe Germans\ndid this,\u201d when it was the International Jew who did it, the nations\nbeing but the marked spaces on his checker board.\n\nToday, around the world the blaming word is heard, \u201cThe United States\ndid this. If it were not for the United States the world would be in\nbetter shape. The Americans are a sordid, greedy, cruel people.\u201d Why?\nBecause the Jewish money power is largely centered here and is making\nmoney out of both our immunity and Europe\u2019s distress, playing one\nagainst the other; and because so many of the so-called \u201cAmerican\nbusiness men\u201d abroad today are not Americans at all\u2014they are Jews, and\nin many cases as misrepresentative of their own race as they are of the\nAmericans.\n\nThe United States does not want the transfer of All-Judaan to this soil.\nWe do not desire to stand as a gold god above the nations. We would\nserve the nations, and we would protect them, but we would do both in\nthe basis of real values, not in the name or under the sign of gold.\n\nOn the one hand Mr. Warburg recites pitiful facts about Germany in order\nto raise sympathy for her, and on the other hand he stimulates the gold\nlust of the United States. The plight of Germany is entirely due to the\nforces from which the United States has only narrowly escaped; and to\nharken to international Jewish plans for the rehabilitation of Germany\nis to be in danger of approving plans which will fasten Jewish\ndomination more strongly on that unhappy country than it is now. Germany\nhas paid dearly for her Jews. The Warburg voice that speaks for her\nwould seem indeed to be the voice of Jacob, but the hand that proposes\nfinancial dealings is that of Esau.\n\nThe internationalism of the Warburgs is no longer in doubt, and cannot\nbe denied. Felix Warburg hung on to the Hamburg connection longer than\ndid Paul, but the breakage of either was probably perfunctory. At the\ntime that Felix left the Hamburg firm of his brother, Max, a Mr. Stern\nalso left the Frankfort firm of Stern, and both became very active on\nthe Allies side, taking sides against the German nation as lustily as\nanyone could. \u201cImpossible!\u201d say those who fancy that a German Jew is a\nGerman. Not at all impossible; the Jew\u2019s loyalty is to the Jewish\nnation; what the Jew himself refers to as his \u201ccover nationality\u201d may\ncount or not as he himself elects.\n\nThis statement is always met with frothing wrath by the Jews\u2019 \u201cgentile\nfronts\u201d in the purchased pro-Jewish press. But here is an example: Do\nyou remember \u201cThe Beast of Berlin,\u201d that lurid piece of war propaganda?\nYou did not, perhaps, know that its producer was a German Jew, Carl\nLaemmle. His German birth did not prevent him making money out of his\nfilm, and his film does not prevent him annually going back in state to\nhis birthplace. This year he goes accompanied by Abe Stern, his\ntreasurer; Lee Kohlmar, his director; and Harry Reichenbach\u2014a list of\nnames duplicable in any movie group.\n\nMessrs. Stern and \u201cWarburg, of Frankfort and Hamburg, respectively, and\naway from home perhaps only temporarily, were not concerned about the\nfate of the \u201cHuns,\u201d but they were immensely concerned about the fate of\nJewish money power in Germany.\n\nTo indicate how blind the public has been to the inter-allied Jewish\ncharacter of much of the world\u2019s important international financial\nactivity, note this from the _Living Age_ earlier in the year:\n\n  \u201cAccording to the _Svensk Handelstidning_, the recent American loan\n  of $5,000,000 to Norway was really the outcome of an agreement\n  between the Hamburg firm of Warburg & Company and the New York\n  bankers, Kuhn and Loeb. It is regarded as a significant sign of the\n  times that a German firm should be responsible for an American loan\n  to a neutral country. The conditions subject to which this money was\n  borrowed, are not regarded as very favorable to Norway, and no\n  marked effect on the rate of exchange between the two countries has\n  followed.\u201d\n\nNote, in the light of all the statements made about Kuhn, Loeb &\nCompany, and the Warburgs in particular, the assumption in the above\nquotation that the transaction was really between a German and an\nAmerican firm. It was principally an arrangement between the Warburgs\nthemselves in family counsel. But the loan will pass in Norway as \u201c_an\nAmerican loan_,\u201d and the fact that the terms of the loan \u201c_are not\nregarded as very favorable to Norway_\u201d will react upon Scandinavian\nopinion of this country. It goes without saying that \u201c_no marked effect\non the rate of exchange between the two countries has followed_,\u201d for\nthat would not be the object of such a loan. The dislocation of exchange\nis not unprofitable.\n\nIt would be most interesting to know in how far Kuhn, Loeb & Company has\nendeavored to readjust the rate of exchange.\n\nDuring the war, Kuhn, Loeb & Company made a loan to the city of Paris.\nConsiderable German comment was occasioned by this\u2014naturally. And it is\nvery well worthy of record that in the city of Hamburg, where Max\nWarburg does business, the chief of police issued this order:\n\n  \u201cFurther mention in the press of loans made by the firm of Kuhn,\n  Loeb & Company to the city of Paris, and unfavorable comments\n  thereon, are forbidden.\u201d\n\nThe following story is vouched for as reliable, and if in one or two\nminor details it does not represent the exact fact, it is a trustworthy\nillustration of how certain things were done:\n\n  \u201cA Jewish international banking corporation bought up the mining and\n  other similar concessions of Jugo-Slavia, and consequently the\n  policy pushed at the Peace Conference was that which was most\n  convenient for that group. An understanding on the Fiume question\n  was in progress between Wilson and Nitti. Certain concessions had\n  been agreed upon and Wilson was willing to negotiate, when Oscar\n  Straus and one of the Warburgs appeared on the scene. Wilson changed\n  his attitude over night and afterward insisted on the Jugo-Slavia\n  solution of the problem. The way in which concessions had been\n  bought through that territory was a disgrace, and observers expected\n  that it would play an important part at the Peace Conference.\u201d\n\nThe financiers are not the only International Jews in the world. The\nrevolutionary Jews, of all countries and none, are international also.\nThey have seized upon the idea of Christian internationalism, which\nmeans amity between nations, and have used it as a weapon with which to\nweaken nationality. They know as well as anyone that there can be no\ninternationalism except on the basis of strong nationalism, but they\ncount on \u201ccover words\u201d to advance their plan.\n\nEnough transpired between the lower and higher Jewish groups of every\nlarge center during the war to render it imperative that Jewry confess,\nrepent and repudiate the madness that has ruled it, or else boldly\nassert and espouse it before the world.\n\nCertainly enough has transpired to render it desirable that the American\npeople look again into the purposes of those Jews who were instrumental\nin reorganizing our financial system at a most critical time in the\nworld\u2019s history.\n\nMax Warburg was apparently strong enough to suppress German discussion\nof his brothers\u2019 activity in America. The Warburgs at present resident\nin America must suffer it, therefore, that American comment be made as\nfull as need be.\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of July 9, 1921.\n\n\n\n\n                                  LXI.\n                Jewish Power and America\u2019s Money Famine\n\n\nThe international Jewish banker who has no country but plays them all\nagainst one another, and the International Jewish proletariat that roams\nfrom land to land in search of a peculiar type of economic opportunity,\nare not figments of the imagination except to the non-Jew who prefers a\nlazy laxity of mind.\n\nOf these classes of Jews, one or both are at the heart of the problems\nthat disturb the world today. The immigration problem is Jewish. The\nmoney question is Jewish. The tie-up of world politics is Jewish. The\nterms of the Peace Treaty are Jewish. The diplomacy of the world is\nJewish. The moral question in movies and theaters is Jewish. The mystery\nof the illicit liquor business is Jewish.\n\nThese facts are unfortunate as well as unpleasant for the Jew, and it is\nsquarely up to him to deal with the facts, and not waste time in trying\nto destroy those who define the facts. These facts are interpreted by\nthe Jew and the anti-Semite with strange extremes of blindness. The Jew\nnever gets the world\u2019s point of view at all; he always gets the\nanti-Semite\u2019s point of view; and the anti-Semite is equally at fault in\nalways getting the Jew\u2019s point of view. What both need is to get\nsociety\u2019s point of view, which is the one being set forth in this\npresent series of articles.\n\nTo say that the immigration problem is Jewish does not mean that Jews\nmust be prohibited entry to any country; it means that they must become\nrooted to a country in loyal citizenship, as no doubt some are, and as\nno doubt most are not. To say that the money question is Jewish does not\nmean that Jews must get out of finance; it means that they must rid\nfinance of the Jewish idea which has always been to use money to get a\nstrangle-hold on men and business concerns, instead of using finance to\nhelp general business. To say that the tie-up of world politics is\nJewish does not mean that Jews, as human beings, are to be denied a\nvoice in affairs; it means that they must give up trying to make the\nworld revolve around the Jewish nation as its axis. To describe the\ninfluence of the Jew on the theater is not to demand that he leave the\ntheater, but it is to demand that he rid the theater of his idea that\nsensualism is entertaining.\n\nThe Jewish Question is first for the Jews to solve; if not, the world\nwill have to solve it for them. They may stay in business, say the\ntheater, for example, if they will cease spoiling the theater; if they\ndo not cease, the theater will be taken away from them just as certainly\nas that day follows night. The world has been patient and the world will\nbe fair, but the world knows the limit of imposition.\n\nIt is not the true Jewishness of the Jew, nor yet the nationalism of the\nJew that is on trial, but his anti-national internationalism. A true\nMosaic Jew\u2014not a Talmud Jew\u2014would be a good citizen. A nationalist Jew\nwould at least be logical. But an international Jew has proved an\nabomination, because his internationalism is focused on his own racial\nnationalism which in turn is founded on his ingrained belief that the\nrest of humanity is inferior to him and by right his prey. Jewish\nleaders may indulge in all the platitudes they possess, the fact which\nthey cannot deny is that the Jew has for centuries regarded the \u201cgoyim\u201d\nas beneath him and legitimately his spoil.\n\nThe internationalism of the Jew is confessed everywhere by him. Listen\nto a German banker: imagine the slow, oily voice in which he said:\n\n\u201cWe are international bankers. Germany lost the war?\u2014what of it?\u2014that is\nan affair of the army. We are international bankers.\u201d\n\nAnd that was the attitude of every international Jewish banker during\nthe war. The nations were in strife? What of it? It was like a\nDempsey-Carpentier bout in New Jersey, or a baseball game in Chicago\u2014an\naffair of the fighters\u2014\u201cwe are international bankers.\u201d\n\nA nation is being hamstrung by artificial exchange rates; another by the\nsucking of money out of its channels of trade; what of it to the\ninternational banker?\u2014he has his own game to play. Hard times bring more\nplums tumbling off the tree into the baskets of the international\nbankers than does any other kind of times. Wars and panics are the\nJewish international bankers\u2019 harvests.\n\nCitizens wake up with a start to find that even the white nations are\nhardly allowed to see each other nowadays except through Jewish eyes.\nWhen the United States supposedly speaks to France, through whom does\nshe speak? All that France sees is Otto H. Kahn! Why must a Jew\nrepresent the United States of America to France? When France supposedly\nspeaks to the United States, through whom is it done? Through Viviani,\nJewish in every thought and method. Now they are talking of sending\nMillerand over, another Jew. Britain sends Lord Reading. Germany sent\nDr. Dernberg. And to other countries the United States sent Morgenthau,\nStrauss, Warburg, and lesser Jewlings.\n\nIt comes with something of a shock to learn that Foch is coming to the\nUnited States. We have not seen a Frenchman since Joffre visited us. It\nis good to see men of the white race come across the sea as if to\nreassure us that white men still live in those countries. The business\nof the Peace Conference was done by Jews\u2014has it come to a point where\ninternational diplomacy is to become a Jewish monopoly also? Must the\nspecial conversations between France, Britain and the United States be\nheld through Jewish interpreters, while Anglo-Saxons and true Frenchmen\ndo the routine embassy work\u2014or shall it be possible for the non-Jewish\nnations to see one another occasionally through non-Jewish\nrepresentatives?\n\nInternationalism is not a Jewish conviction, but a Jewish business\ndevice. It is most profitable. In diplomacy and at the immigrant\nstation, internationalism pays. Jews interpret nation to nation in the\nhigh rites of special conversations between governments; Jewish\ninterpreters swarm at the ports of every country also, where the poor\nswarm in. It was stated in the House of Lords the other day that most of\nthe trouble in Palestine was caused by Jewish interpreters. It was\ncharged that the Jewish administration added an extra language to the\nofficial list in order to make Jewish interpreters indispensable.\n\nGo through the government of the United States, where the income tax\nsecrets are kept, where the Federal Reserve secrets are kept, where the\nState Department secrets are kept\u2014and you will find Jews sitting at the\nvery spot where International Jewry desires them to sit, and where\nnothing is kept from their knowledge.\n\nGo abroad and come back to your country a Jew will open the gate to let\nyou in, or close it to keep you out\u2014as he chooses.\n\n\u201cWill you be going to Detroit while you are here?\u201d asked a Jewish\ngovernment agent of a gentleman entering the country on a visit a few\nweeks ago.\n\n\u201cI may go to Detroit,\u201d was the reply.\n\n\u201cWell, you go to the damned DEARBORN INDEPENDENT and tell them a Jew let\nyou into this country,\u201d said the government agent.\n\nWhat the visitor replied is known, but had better not be quoted. The\nAmerican Jewish Committee might shriek that the people were being\nincited to pogroms.\n\nThe incident, however, is but a sample of what is occurring every day.\nThe truth about the Jewish Question in the United States is perhaps the\none form of truth that cannot be indiscriminately told.\n\nThe international Jewish bankers regard themselves as in similar fashion\n\u201cletting\u201d the nations do this or that, regarding the nations not as\nfatherlands but as customers\u2014and as customers in the Jewish sense. If an\narmy wins or loses, if a government succeeds or fails, what of it?\u2014that\nis their affair\u2014\u201cwe are international bankers,\u201d and we win, whoever\nloses.\n\nFor international Jewish bankers, the war is not over. The period of\nactual hostilities and the emergencies of the nations were but the\nopening of the trade. The ready cash was skimmed in then\u2014all the cash\nthe world had. True, some of it had to be distributed among the people\nas war wages and bonuses, in order to keep the struggle going, but this\nwas soon recovered through the means of high prices, artificial\nscarcities and the orgy of extravagance deliberately organized and\nstimulated among the people. That phase over, and money disappeared.\n\nIs there any more tragic joke than that diligently disseminated in this\ncountry\u2014\u201cThe United States has more gold than any other country in the\nworld\u201d? Where is it? How long since you have seen a piece of gold? Where\nis all this gold\u2014is it locked up in the Treasury of the United States\nGovernment? Why, that government is in debt, desperately trying to\neconomize, cannot pay a soldier bonus because the finances of the\ncountry cannot stand it! Where is that gold? It may be _in_ the United\nStates, but it does not belong _to_ the United States.\n\nThe American farmer, and those American industries which were not \u201cwise\u201d\nto the tricks of international Jewish bankers, and who were nipped by\nsmall loans, are wondering where all this money is. Furthermore, Europe,\nsuffering from every possible lack, is looking to us and wondering where\nthe money is.\n\nThis dispatch in a London paper may throw light on the matter: (italics\nare ours)\n\n  \u201cIt is learned today that new gold shipments aggregating $2,800,000\n  are consigned to Kuhn, Loeb & Company, New York, making nearly\n  $129,000,000 imported by that firm since the movement started. In\n  responsible banking circles the belief is expressed that some of the\n  _German_ coin recently imported by the firm is _from_ _Russia,\n  instead of Germany_, as generally supposed.\u201d\n\nThis dispatch, coupled with one printed in a former article which showed\nWarburg & Company of Germany arranging with Kuhn, Loeb & Company of New\nYork for a $5,000,000 loan to Norway, is not devoid of light on the\nquestion\u2014_Where is the money?_\n\nThe Jewish international banking system may be easily described. First,\nthere is the international Jewish headquarters. This was in Germany. It\nhad ramifications in Russia, Italy, France, Great Britain and the South\nAmerican states. (South American Jewry is very menacing.) Germany and\nRussia were the two countries scheduled for punishment by the\nInternational Jewish bankers because these two countries were most aware\nof the Jew. They have been punished; that job is done.\n\nJewish political headquarters, as related to the internal affairs of the\nJews, was also located in Germany, but the headquarters dealing with the\n\u201cgoyim\u201d was in France. Statements have been made that the political\ncenter of Jewry has been transplanted to the United States. But these\nstatements have been made by American Jews whose wish may have been\nfather to the thought. During the Wilson Administration it was possible\nfor a Jew to think and to hope this, but affairs have slightly changed.\nThe ousting of American Jews from the Zionist movement at the behest of\nEastern Jews indicates that if the political center of world Jewry has\nshifted to the United States, the _power_ is still in the hands of\n_aliens_ resident here. The center is still in Jewry; the United States\nis merely a square on Jewry\u2019s world checker board.\n\nBut, wherever the financial and political world centers may be, each\ncountry is separately handled. In every country\u2014the United States,\nMexico and the republics of South America; in France, England, Italy,\nGermany, Austria\u2014yes, and in Japan\u2014there is an international Jewish\nbanking firm which stands at the head of the group for that country.\nThus, the chief Jewish firm in the United States is Kuhn, Loeb &\nCompany, of which one of the members is Paul M. Warburg, brother of M.\nWarburg & Company, of Hamburg; and another member of which is Otto H.\nKahn, resident successively of Germany, Great Britain and the United\nStates, and self-appointed financial spokesman for the United States to\nFrance and Great Britain. Great Britain and France seldom see a special\nAmerican spokesman who is not a Jew. That may be the reason why they\nreciprocate by sending Jews to us, thinking perhaps that we prefer them.\n\nPaul M. Warburg was the inventor, perfector and director of the Federal\nReserve System of the United States. He is not the only Jew in the\nFederal Reserve System, but he was the chief Jew there. His mind counted\nfor a great deal. There were others in the war government, of course;\nBernard M. Baruch; Eugene Meyer, Jr.; Hoover\u2019s regiment of Jews; Felix\nFrankfurter; Julius Rosenwald\u2014hundreds of them, and everywhere; but the\nfinancial group alone is receiving our attention just now, and they are\nnot so notably successful in getting the country out of financial\ndifficulty as they were in other lines of effort.\n\nThe Federal Reserve System may not be a bad system, in spite of the fact\nthat it yields government monetary functions to private financial\ncorporations, but there are all sorts of testimony that it has been\nbadly manipulated. Mr. Warburg, the reader will remember, spoke about\ncertain things being \u201covercome in an administrative way,\u201d showing that\nthere was a certain amount of \u201cplay\u201d or loose motion in the system which\ncould be manipulated either way. The fact remains that the country went\nswimmingly through the war by reason of the assistance of the System,\nand is coming very lamely through the Peace, as the result, monetary\nexperts say, of the hindrance of the same System. Mr. Warburg, whose\nname was so prominently connected with the advertisement of the glory of\nthe System, must also stand being mentioned in connection with the\ncriticism.\n\nWhatever money we are said to have as the per capita in the United\nStates, it is a false statement. The money _per capita_ should always be\nfigured on the basis of the money _in circulation_. The statistical \u201cper\ncapita\u201d is not always in circulation. Less than half of it, as a rule.\nThe rest is being juggled.\n\nWhatever the _gold_ in the country, the _wealth_ is still greater. There\nis more wealth in the United States than there is gold in the world. One\nyear\u2019s products of the farms of the United States exceeds in money value\nall the gold in the world.\n\nYet, under our present system, the burgeoning bulk of the country\u2019s\n_wealth_ must _pass through the narrow neck of Money_. And the _Money_\nmust pass through the _still narrower neck of Gold_. And the controller\nof the Gold, under our present system, controls the world. There is more\nwealth than there is money; there is more money than there is gold;\nmoney exists at the pleasure of gold; wealth moves at the pleasure of\nmoney. Whoever sits at the neck of money, opening or closing as he will,\ncontrols the movement of the world\u2019s wealth. And the world\u2019s prosperity\ndepends on the movement of that wealth. When wealth stands still and\ndoes not pass from hand to hand, the world\u2019s circulation has stopped;\nthe world becomes economically sick.\n\nThe scarcity of cash in hand has led to Credit. Credit is a form of\nbarter. It is a form of dealing by which many transactions are carried\non, only the final one being cleared in money. It is a device which has\nits dangers, in spite of the efforts of apologists to exploit its\nadvantages. But one thing the system of Credit indubitably does\u2014it\nallows the money masters to hang on to the _Cash_. When the world is\ncaught, _it is caught with paper_, not with Cash. The Cash is always in\nthe hands of those who extol the advantage of the Credit System. Who\nholds money holds power, and will hold it, until real barter or _real\nmoney_ comes in fashion again.\n\nIn 1919\u20131920, according to one of the best monetary authorities in the\nUnited States, the total shrinkage in values of the products of our\nfields, mines, factories, mills and forests represented a sum greater\nthan the total gold supply of the world. It runs as high as the total\namount of Liberty Bonds outstanding.\n\nPeople say, \u201cWell, the prices were too high.\u201d Certainly they were too\nhigh, but who and what made them too high? It was the generosity with\nwhich money was supplied by the private Federal Reserve System. There\nwas plenty of money. People say, \u201cWell, the shrinkage is only in paper\nvalues; the real value of the product is still there.\u201d Certainly, but\nwhen you live under a system in which \u201creal\u201d value and \u201cmoney\u201d value are\nso intimately intertwined that it affects your bread and butter, the\ntenure of your farm, and the steadiness of your job, it is pretty hard\nto separate the two. Moreover, when your prosperity was due to the\nreadiness of a group of men to let out money, and your adversity is due\nto the unwillingness of the same group, and your own welfare and your\ncountry\u2019s welfare is thus see-sawed up and down without any reference to\nnatural law but solely upon determinations taken in committee rooms, you\nnaturally inquire, \u201cWho is doing this? Where is all the money gone? Who\nis holding it? Here is the wealth of the country; here is the need of\nthe country; where is the money to transfer the wealth to the need?\nEvery condition remains as it was, except money.\u201d\n\nWe have a Federal Reserve System which still is benefiting by the\nassistance of its perfector and director, Paul M. Warburg. And what is\nthe condition in the United States?\n\nSome of the biggest industrial institutions in the country now in the\nhands of creditors\u2019 committees.\n\nFarmers being sold out by the hundreds, their horses bringing about $3\neach.\n\nCotton and wool enough to clothe the nation, spoiling in the hands of\nthe men who raised it and cannot dispose of it.\n\nEvery line of business, railroading, newspaper publishing,\nstore-keeping, manufacturing, agriculture, building, in depression. Why?\nFor lack of money.\n\nWhere is the money? This is the country that is supposed to be the\nfinancial center of the world\u2014_where is the money?_\n\nIt is in New York. The Federal Reserve System, which Mr. Warburg desired\nto head up in one central bank, has just about turned out that way. _The\nmoney is in New York._ Here is the charge made to the governor of the\nFederal Reserve Board by a responsible public official who knows:\n\nWhile there is a scarcity of money for the producing sections of the\nWest and Northwest, the South and Southwest, \u201cwe find that individual\nbanks in New York City are borrowing from the Reserve System, in a\nnumber of cases, more than $100,000,000 each; and sometimes as much as\n$145,000,000 is loaned there to a single bank\u2014_twice as much_ as some of\nthe Reserve Banks have been lending recently to _all_ the member banks\nin their districts.\u201d\n\nOne bank in New York borrowed $134,000,000, _or $20,000,000 more_ than\nthe Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City was advancing to 1,091 member\nbanks in that Reserve District which covers the states of Kansas,\nNebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, and parts of Missouri, Oklahoma and New\nMexico.\n\nAt the same time, another New York bank was borrowing from the Federal\nReserve Bank about $40,000,000, which was _more than the aggregate loans\nwhich the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis was lending to its 1,000\nmember banks in the_ great states of Minnesota, North and South Dakota,\nMontana and part of Wisconsin.\n\nAnother New York bank borrowed from the Federal Reserve Bank a sum which\nwas _greater by $30,000,000 than the Federal Reserve Bank at Dallas was\nlending to all the banks in Texas, Louisiana and Oklahoma_.\n\nStill another New York bank got a loan which _equaled the total loans\nallowed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis to the 569 member\nbanks_ of that very important district, which includes the whole state\nof Arkansas, parts of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee and\nMississippi, and the larger part of Missouri.\n\nTake the Fifth Federal Reserve District, served by the Federal Reserve\nBank at Richmond, Virginia: one New York bank was able to borrow from\nthe New York Reserve Bank _more_ than the Richmond Reserve Bank would\nlend to all its member banks in Maryland, Virginia, North and South\nCarolina and the larger part of West Virginia.\n\nThat is the situation. The twelve regional banks, which were supposed to\nmake money serve all parts of the country equally, have apparently been\n\u201covercome in an administrative way\u201d to such an extent that the New York\nFederal Reserve Bank is to all intents and purposes the Central Bank of\nthe United States, and serves the speculative part of the country with\nmillions, while the productive part of the country is permitted to wilt\nwith paltry thousands.\n\nWhen it can occur that four New York banks can borrow from the New York\nFederal Reserve Bank as much money as the banks of 21 states were able\nto borrow from the five Federal Reserve Banks of St. Louis, Kansas City,\nMinneapolis, Dallas and Richmond\u2014there would seem to be need of\nexplanation somewhere.\n\nWhere did this money loaned in New York come from? It came from those\nparts of the country where money was scarcest. In May, 1920, the word\nwent out over telephones\u2014\u201cThe tie-up will come on the 15th.\u201d And it\ncame. Credit was stopped. Payment was pressed. A stream of money,\nliterally squeezed out of the producing sections of the country, began\nto roll toward New York. Otherwise those giant loans just recorded would\nhave been impossible. It was pressure, Federal Reserve pressure,\npolitely known as deflation, and that is the way it worked. The banks of\nthe West were squeezed dry that the banks of New York might overflow.\n\n\u201c_The money was withdrawn from legitimate business in various parts of\nthe country to be loaned at fancy rates in Wall Street_,\u201d says the\nofficial referred to above.\n\nThe speculative banks, it has been discovered, were able to borrow money\nat six per cent, which money they loaned at as high as 20, 25 and 30 per\ncent.\n\nFederal Reserve deflation created a scarcity which speculative banks\nutilized. The Federal Reserve policy took the money out; New York banks\nborrowed the money thus taken out, and loaned it at tremendous\nrates\u2014rates which people paid to stave off the ruin caused by the\nmoneyless condition which the ill-measured deflation process brought on.\n\nAnd all this time the Federal Reserve System was in the best financial\ncondition of its whole career. In December, 1920, it had 45 per cent of\nits reserves, which was a higher reserve than it had in December, 1919.\nBut at this writing (July, 1921) the reserve has reached 60 per cent.\n\nThe money is in New York. Go out through the agricultural states, and\nyou will not find it. Go into the districts of silent factories and you\nwill not find it. It is in New York. The Warburg Federal Reserve has\ndeflated the country. A System that was intended to equalize the ups and\ndowns of financial weather has been used \u201cin an administrative\u201d way to\ndeplete the country of money.\n\nThe Federal Reserve Idea was doubtless right; if it had not been, it\ncould not have been established. But it has been manipulated. It has not\nbeen a \u201cfederal\u201d reserve; it has been a private reserve. It has been\noperated in the interest of bankers and not of everyone in general.\nCapable of being used to carry the country gradually back to a natural\nflow of business and to a natural level of prices, it was used to\nbludgeon business at a critical time and to bludgeon it in such a way\nthat money-lenders profited when producers suffered.\n\nIf that is the fact, there is no American banker but will say that the\nmethod was wrong; economically wrong, logically wrong, commercially\nwrong, if not criminally wrong.\n\nToday the Federal Reserve boasts of its own reserve as if that were a\nsign of national economic health. With the country struggling to live,\nthe Federal Reserve ought to be low, not high. The height which the\nreserve has reached is a measure of the depth of the country\u2019s\ndepression.\n\nIf the Federal Reserve would let out a part of that flood of money\u2014a\nhigh financial authority suggests that less than 10 per cent would do\nit\u2014it would be like an infusion of blood into the nation\u2019s veins.\n\nKuhn, Loeb & Company, the Speyers and the other Jewish money-lenders\nhave money for Mexico, Norway, Germany, and all sorts of commercial\ncompanies being organized to do business overseas, and it is American\nmoney. The Warburg Federal Reserve System has been badly misused, badly\nmanipulated, and the country is suffering from it.\n\nStill, the people know not what to do. Money is still a mystery. Banking\nis still sacrosanct. What would be perfectly apparent if done in\nordinary business intercourse with a $5 bill, is exceedingly complicated\nwhen the sum is five millions and the parties are (1) country banks, (2)\nFederal Reserve banks and (3) Wall Street speculative institutions. Yet\nthey are only Tom, Dick and Harry with a $5 bill, after all.\n\n\u201cThe matter is somewhat affected by the gags that are placed on many men\ncompetent to criticize. High officials are more or less tied up, by\ncampaign contributions in which all financial concerns have an interest.\nLegislative officials are, too many of them, indebted to these same\ninterests. A schedule of the private debts of some of the men who have\naspired to the Presidency in the last eight years would be very\nilluminating\u2014almost as illuminating as a schedule of the names of Jews\nat whose homes they stayed while on journeys through the country. Men\nwho are thus tied up with the present financial system cannot say what\nin their minds they know.\n\nIt is all illustrated in the testimony of T. Cushing Daniel before a\ncommittee of Congress. It shows to what an extent the power of this\nprivate corporation called the central bank can reach:\n\n  \u201cWhen going through the Bank of England I presented a letter which I\n  had from Secretary Hay, and the official of the bank was very\n  polite. He took me through the bank and when we got back to the\n  reception room I asked him if he would allow me to put a few leading\n  questions to him. He said he would, and I asked him if he would give\n  me a statement of the Bank of England. \u2018We do not issue statements.\u2019\n  \u2018Does not the House of Parliament sometimes call on you for some\n  statement as to the condition of the bank?\u2019 \u2018No, sir; they do not\n  call on us.\u2019 ... \u2018How is it that some of these revolutionists,\n  so-called, do not get up in the House of Commons and raise the devil\n  to know something about what is going on down here? That would be\n  the condition in our country.\u2019 \u2018_Oh, most of them are large\n  borrowers from the bank, and we have no difficulty with them._\u2019\n  (laughter.)\u201d\n\n\n\u2014\u2014\n\nIssue of July 16, 1921.\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n\n\n                          TRANSCRIBER\u2019S NOTES\n\n\n \u25cf Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.\n \u25cf Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.","title":"Jewish influences in American life : $b volume III of the International Jew, the world's foremost problem : being a reprint of a third selection from articles appearing in the Dearborn Independent","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":80405}