{"collection":"folklore-oral-tradition","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_78673/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_78673","id":"gutenberg_78673","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/78673","summary":null,"tags":["Algonquian Indians -- Folklore","Indians of North America -- New England -- Folklore","Passamaquoddy language -- Texts"],"text":"=Kul\u00f3skap the Master=\n\n                      _And Other Algonkin Poems_\n\n  [Illustration:\n    And bade the little creature come to him;\n    Back smiled the baby, but it did not budge.\n                                               (_See page 108._)]\n\n\n\n\n                         Kul\u00f3skap the Master\n\n                      _And Other Algonkin Poems_\n\n\n                      _Translated Metrically by_\n\n             CHARLES GODFREY LELAND, Hon. F.R.S.L.; M.A.\n\n                              (Harvard)\n\n           Author of \u201cThe Algonquin Legends of New England\u201d\n\n                                 AND\n\n              JOHN DYNELEY PRINCE, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins)\n\n        Professor in Columbia University and author of various\n                    articles on Algonkin dialects\n\n\n                       [Illustration: colophon]\n\n\n                      _FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY_\n\n                        _New York and London_\n\n                                _1902_\n\n\n\n\n                            COPYRIGHT, 1902\n                      By FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY\n                               NEW YORK\n\n            Registered at Stationers\u2019 Hall, London, England\n\n                Printed in the United States of America\n\n                       Published November, 1902\n\n\n                     _ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE VOLUME_\n\n          _Half-tone Text Illustrations by F. BERKELEY SMITH_\n\n                 _Ten Tracings after Indian Designs by\n                        CHARLES GODFREY LELAND_\n\n                _Frontispiece by EDWIN WILLARD DEMING_\n\n\n\n\n                              =Contents=\n\n\n                                                              PAGE\n  =Preface=--By CHARLES GODFREY LELAND                          11\n  =Introduction=--By JOHN DYNELEY PRINCE                        21\n\n                  _PART FIRST--THE EPIC OF KUL\u00d3SKAP_\n\n  =Canto First=--_Creation Legends_\n       I. The Birth of Kul\u00f3skap                                 43\n      II. The Creation of Man and the Animals                   50\n     III. The Origin of the Rattlesnakes                        56\n      IV. How Kul\u00f3skap named the Animals                        59\n\n  =Canto Second=--_The Master\u2019s Kindness to Man_\n       I. What Kul\u00f3skap did for the Indians                     62\n      II. How Kul\u00f3skap granted Gifts and Favors to many\n            Indians                                             64\n     III. Kul\u00f3skap and the Fool                                 90\n      IV. The Three Brothers who became Trees                   94\n       V. Kul\u00f3skap and the Wise Wishers                         98\n      VI. How Kul\u00f3skap was conquered by the Babe               107\n\n  =Canto Third=--_The Master and the Animals_\n       I. Kul\u00f3skap and the Loons                               110\n      II. Kul\u00f3skap and the Beaver                              112\n     III. The Sable and the Serpent                            118\n      IV. Kul\u00f3skap and the Turtle                              123\n       V. How Mikchik the Turtle was false to the Master       136\n      VI. How Kul\u00f3skap conquered Aklibimo the Great Bull\n            Frog                                               140\n     VII. How Kul\u00f3skap went Whale Fishing                      152\n    VIII. Kul\u00f3skap and Wuch\u014dsen the Wind Eagle                 158\n\n  =Canto Fourth=--_The Master and the Sorcerers_\n       I. Kul\u00f3skap and Winpe                                   162\n      II. How a Witch sought to cajole the Master              172\n     III. How Kul\u00f3skap fought the Giant Sorcerers              174\n      IV. How the Master showed himself a Great Smoker         182\n       V. Kul\u00f3skap and the Witch                               185\n      VI. Kul\u00f3skap and the Witch called \u201cThe Pitcher\u201d          194\n     VII. How Kul\u00f3skap sailed through the Cavern of Darkness   203\n    VIII. How the Master found the Summer                      208\n      IX. How Kul\u00f3skap left the World                          213\n       X. The Master and the Final Day                         217\n\n                    _PART SECOND--WITCHCRAFT LORE_\n\n       I. The Wizard\u2019s Chant                                   223\n      II. The Woman and the Serpent                            225\n     III. The Wizard Snake                                     229\n      IV. The Measuring Worm                                   231\n       V. The P\u02bem\u00fbla or Air-Demon                              236\n      VI. The Little Boy kidnapped by the Bear                 239\n     VII. The Wizard and the Christian Priest                  242\n    VIII. Wizard Warfare                                       244\n      IX. The Wizard\u2019s Hunting                                 250\n       X. Six Short Tales of Witchcraft                        253\n      XI. A Delaware Youth and his Uncle                       256\n     XII. The Dance of Old Age                                 260\n    XIII. A Tale of the River-Elves                            269\n\n                 _PART THIRD--LYRICS AND MISCELLANY_\n\n       I. The Song of Lappilatwan                              273\n      II. The Story of Nipon the Summer                        283\n     III. The Scarlet Tanager and the Leaf                     295\n      IV. The Blind Boy                                        305\n       V. A Passamaquoddy Love Song                            308\n      VI. The Song of the Stars                                312\n     VII. How the Indians lost their Power                     314\n    VIII. The Partridge and the Spring                         320\n     IX. Lox, the Indian Devil                                 325\n\n  =L\u2019Envoi=                                                    337\n\n  =Appendix=: _The Passamaquoddy Wampum Records_               340\n\n  =Glossary=                                                   361\n\n\n\n\n                      =Full Page Illustrations=\n\n\n                                                              PAGE\n    Kul\u00f3skap and the Babe                           _Frontispiece_\n    The Creation of Man                                         50\n    The Origin of the Rattlesnakes                              58\n    What Kul\u00f3skap did for the Indians                           67\n    Kul\u00f3skap and the Loons                                     110\n    Kul\u00f3skap and the Beaver                                    116\n    The Sable and the Serpent                                  122\n    How Kul\u00f3skap went Whale Fishing                            154\n    Kul\u00f3skap and Winpe                                         170\n    How Kul\u00f3skap fought the Giant Sorcerers at Saco            178\n    How Kul\u00f3skap sailed through the Cavern of Darkness         205\n    The Little Boy Kidnapped by the Bear                       241\n    Wizard Warfare                                             246\n    The Dance of Old Age                                       266\n    Lox, the Indian Devil                                      333\n\n\n\n\n                               =Preface=\n\n                                  BY\n\n                        CHARLES GODFREY LELAND\n\n\n\n\nPREFACE\n\n\nVery few persons are aware that there has perished, or is rapidly\nperishing, among the Red Indians of North America, far more poetry\nthan was ever written by all the white inhabitants and that this\nnative verse is often of a very high order. For the Indian sagas, or\nlegends, or traditions were, in fact, all songs; as is the case to\nthis day with similar lore in Italy. Indeed, in the latter country,\nI have been asked if I would have a fairy tale chanted or repeated\nas prose! Thus, all the narratives in my \u201cAlgonquin Legends of New\nEngland,\u201d especially those referring to Kul\u00f3skap (Kl\u00fbsk\u00e2be), or to\nthe gods, might have been correctly made into a poetic cycle, as the\nFinnish Kalevala was made by L\u00f6nnrot.\n\nAfter I had published my Legends, however, I was made aware by Louis\nMitchell, a Passamaquoddy Indian, who had been in the Legislature\nof Maine, and had collected and written out for me, with strictest\nliteralness, a great number of manuscripts, that there were in\nexistence certain narratives and poems quite different in kind\nfrom anything which I possessed. Among the former was a History\nof the Passamaquoddy Tribe, illustrated with numerous designs of\nthe birchbark school of art, which I transferred to my friend the\nlate Dr. D. G. Brinton as its most appropriate possessor. Three of\nthe poems Mitchell wrote out for me in exact, though often quite\nungrammatical language, which was so close to the original that\nthe metres betrayed themselves throughout. I regret that, though\nI had certainly acquired some knowledge of \u201cIndian,\u201d it was, as a\nPassamaquoddy friend one day amiably observed, \u201conly baby Injun\nnow grow bigger some day like Mi\u02bfkumwess s\u2019posin\u2019 you want to,\u201d in\nreference to a small goblin who is believed to have the power of\nincreasing his stature at will. However, I with great care put the\nMitchell Anglo-Algonkin into English metre, having been impressed,\nwhile at the work, with the exquisitely na\u00efve and fresh character of\nthe original, which, while it often reminded me of Norse poetry, in\nmany passages had strictly a life and beauty of its own.\n\nAmong my varied and most valued small possessions is what was once,\nbeyond doubt, the sketch book of Salvator Rosa himself, consisting of\na number of blank leaves on one of which still remains an exquisite\npen sketch of a head by Bronzino. There were in it also, at one time,\nas appears from a memorandum and on a flyleaf, several sketches\nof Salvator, but these have been cut out and sold. The binding or\ncover of the book was made from a large folio-thick parchment leaf\nfrom a fourteenth century religious manuscript, whereon are seven\nilluminated vermilion capitals still remaining. And, as my manuscript\nexactly fitted the cover, I placed it therein, where it rested for\nmany years, undisturbed even by a thought save when it occurred to me\nhow the great and savage master, who was himself a poet, would have\nrejoiced among Indians and liked their lyrics!\n\n   \u201cIo sono pittore\n    Gar flink mit der Hand\n    Und bin Salvatore\n    La Rosa genannt.\u201d\n\nIt so befell that I, _per fortuna_, became correspondent with\nProfessor J. Dyneley Prince, who had come some time after but got\nfar before me in a knowledge of Algonkin, as was shown in various\npapers containing the original text and translations of Algonkin\nlegends in different dialects. Whereupon, the thought occurred to\nme that this fully qualified scholar might revise, correct, and\ncompare my metrical version with the original text, which task would\nbe much facilitated by the fact that he also was well acquainted\nwith Louis Mitchell, and I may here mention that, while I had at one\ntime obtained an accurate copy of the celebrated Algonkin \u201cWampum\nRecord\u201d which was recited annually in bygone days at the Council of\nthe Tribes, and had it read to me, and written out in Indian English.\nProf. Dyneley Prince has himself translated it and reproduces a\nportion of it in the present work. So it came to pass that this book\nwas written. And I may here mention that my colleague, while his\nspecialty is the Semitic tongues, also has (like my late friend E. H.\nPalmer, who professed Arabic at Cambridge) the gift of the Romany and\neven Shelta, which are as the Latin and Greek of the roads!\n\nDuring more than one-third of a life which began in 1824, I have\npassed almost annually over the continent of Europe. I have lived for\nthe past fifteen years in Florence, in touch with the Apennines, or\nopposite Bellosguarda, sung by many a poet, and the Alps and castled\ncrags of the Rhine come to me often in my dreams; yet I never found\nin it all that strange and sweet charm like a song without words\nwhich haunts the hills and valleys of rural New England. That it has\nexisted and been deeply felt and clearly recognized, is evident in\nthe works of Hawthorne, with whom we may include Washington Irving,\nJudd[1] and indeed many more, every one of whom bears witness of\nhaving been awakened by a spell which he never felt in other lands.\nAnd this spirit of its memory is the most beautiful which I have at\ncommand:\n\n   \u201cI feel its magic from afar\n    Like another life in me;\n    I hear--though not with living ear\n    And see the forms which with my eye\n    I ne\u2019er again shall see!\u201d\n\nYet with all this, there was still one thing wanting; that which\nNature itself would not give fully, even to a Wordsworth: the subtle\nfinal charm of human tradition, poetry, or romance. True, it may be\nthe slightest--a mere touch of gold-leaf or an illuminated letter,\nor a sun-gleam on the mountain top--but the most inspired poet can\nnever feel that he is really \u201cheart-intimate\u201d with scenery, if it\nhas for him no ties of tradition or folk-lore. When I was young, I\nfelt this lack, and bore in patience the very common reproach of\nEuropeans that we had a land without ancient legends or song. But\nnow that I am older grown, I have learned that this want is all in\nour own ignorance and neglect of what we had only to put forth our\nhand to reach. We bewailed our wretched poverty when we had in our\nlap a casket full of treasure which we would not take the pains to\nopen. Few indeed and far between are those who ever suspected till of\nlate years that every hill and dale in New England had its romantic\nlegend, its beautiful poem, or its marvellous myth--the latter\nequal in conception and form to those of the Edda--or that a vast\ncollection of these traditions still survives in perfect preservation\namong the few remaining Indians of New England and the Northeast\nCoast, or the _Wabano_. This assertion is, I trust, verified by\nwhat is given in the Micmac tales by the late Rev. S. Rand, the\ncollection made by Miss Abbey Alger of Boston, and my own \u201cAlgonquin\nLegends of New England,\u201d[2] which I, _sit venia_, may mention was\nthe first to appear of the series. And I venture to say from the\ndeepest conviction that it will be no small occasion of astonishment\nand chagrin, a hundred years hence, when the last Algonkin Indian of\nthe _Wabano_ shall have passed away, that so few among our literary\nor cultured folk cared enough to collect this connected aboriginal\nliterature. Unto which I may truly add that, when such collection was\nmade, there were far more critics to find fault with the way in which\nit was done, than persons to do it.\n\nA few of the poems contained in this volume have already appeared\nin prose form in the \u201cAlgonquin Legends of New England.\u201d As these\nwere in fact poetry, or chanted in rude measure, I had at first the\nintention to give them in English in their original form and to group\nall those referring to the divinity in an epic, as L\u00f6nnrot made the\nFinnish Kalevala, or Homer his own great works. This I have to a\ndegree accomplished in the present volume.\n\nTo render my meaning clear as to the legends having been poems, the\nreader may be aware that all rude races make no distinction between\nprose narrative and poetry. When an Indian, an Italian mountaineer,\nan Arab, and sometimes a Gypsy (I have had experience of all in this\nrespect) would spin off some long romantic yarn, he either gives you\na choice, or, more frequently, begins to intone or chant the tale in\na manner which is something between plain-song and the singing of\n\u201cCaptain Kidd\u201d in a northeaster by one who has no vocal gift. Then\nthe voice falls into one or the other of two measures which I believe\nI have accurately followed in the present work. This primitive rhythm\nis quite irregular, following only a general cadence rather than\nobserving any fixed number of beats in each line. I have endeavored\nto represent this peculiarity in the English version by not adhering\ntoo strictly to an unvarying measure. These Amerindian[3] metres are\nnot all like that of Hiawatha, which is, however, quite in accord\nwith the form of the Slavonic and Spanish romances.\n\nAlthough not entirely ignorant of Passamaquoddy, Penobscot and\nMicmac, I am not proficient therein and have chiefly based my work\non very careful translations executed by others. Here, however, I\navail myself of the assistance and authority of my _collaborateur_,\nJ. Dyneley Prince, who as these pages witness, has seriously studied\nthe eastern Algonkin dialects, especially the idiom of the Canadian\nAbenakis.\n\nA Penobscot woman once told me that it was _Kl\u00fbsk\u00e2be_--she did not\ncall him _Kul\u00f3skap_, as the Passamaquoddies do--who divided the great\nmountain of which Boston originally consisted into _three hills_. I\nhave since learned from an authentic legend gathered by Miss Roma\nLister that Virgil did the same at Rome. Here the seven hills were\nconfused with three. Every reader of Scott will recall the great\nwizard Michael Scott, who was believed to have worked the same\nmiracle:\n\n   \u201cAnd, Warrior, I could say to thee\n    The word that cleft Eildon hills in three.\u201d\n\nThese coincidences are very remarkable. I regret that I have not the\nPenobscot song in which the division of the Boston hill is described,\nbut I believe that it exists.\n\nThe traditions and, to some extent, the languages and histories\nof the aboriginal tribes are quite as worthy of being taught at\nour universities to all who propose to become American scholars as\nmany other branches which are endowed at great expense, and are a\ngreat source of pride. But the true value of work like this is,\nthat the country will be if those who love it so desire, once more\nrepeopled with the fairies of yore. Those who will may walk in the\nspirit-haunted paths, trodden in the early time by strange beings;\nthe rocks will have their goblins again and the \u201cDiana\u2019s Bath,\u201d as it\nis now styled, will be known by its ancient Indian name of \u201cThe Home\nof the Water Elves.\u201d[4] It was Bryant, I think, who declared that\nthe forest trees of New England were all the summer time repeating\nin Indian words \u201ctheir old poetic legends to the wind,\u201d and it is a\ntradition that there are ancient Indians who understand the language\nof M\u016b\u016bin the Bear--wherein may lurk more truth than most would deem,\naccording to the latest faith!--but these were unto all lost tongues,\nand the dreams were thinnest air. Now that it is indeed possible from\nthese poems and such tales as have begun to reappear to see the forms\nof olden time once more. I venture to express the hope that all who\nlove nature in New England will turn to the study of its folk-lore\nand thereby secure the final flash of gold on the mountain tops, the\nlast touch in the picture of which I have spoken. When I was a boy\nmy happiest hours were spent in the rural scenery of Massachusetts.\nCould I have had such books then, I could have enjoyed it all far\nmore. Therefore, I wish with all my heart, and truly from no selfish\npoint of view, that every lover of rock and river and greenwood tree\nwould master these old Indian tales or poems, and see in all Nature\nnew charms.\n\n                                          CHARLES GODFREY LELAND.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[1] Author of \u201cMargaret\u201d (illustrated beautifully by Felix Darley).\n\n[2] \u201cThe Algonquin Legends of New England,\u201d by Charles G. Leland.\nBoston (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), 1885.\n\n[3] Amerindian is a term invented and used by the Americanists of\nthe Smithsonian Institution, to denote aboriginal American races and\nlanguages.\n\n[4] At the Intervale in the White Mountains, N. H., the Indian\nname for the spot known as \u201cDiana\u2019s Bath,\u201d is _W\u02bewag\u02bemeswuk wig\u00eet_\n(Passamaquoddy), \u201cthe fairies\u2019 home.\u201d\n\n\n\n\n                            =Introduction=\n\n                                  BY\n                          JOHN DYNELEY PRINCE\n\n\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\n\nI became interested in Indian languages and lore at Bar Harbor, Me.,\nin 1887, chiefly through my able coadjutor. It was Mr. Leland\u2019s\nimportant work, \u201cThe Algonquin Legends of New England\u201d (Boston,\n1885), which inspired me to make my first investigations in this\nfield. Mr. Leland was indeed the pioneer in examining the oral\nliterature of the northeastern Algonkin tribes, a fact which few\nscholars seem to recognize. To him especially, as well as to the late\nRev. Silas Rand of Nova Scotia and to Miss Abbey Alger of Boston,\ndo we owe some highly valuable additions to our knowledge of early\neastern Algonkin thought. My own researches have been devoted more to\nlinguistic and phonetic investigations among the Canadian Abenakis\nthan to comparative mythological study--in which, however, I feel a\nvery deep interest. In the present work I have had the pleasant task\nof arranging and editing Mr. Leland\u2019s material, to which I have added\nsome of my own collections. Mr. Leland\u2019s poems are indicated by the\nletter L and my contributions by the letter P.\n\nI gladly take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my friend,\nMr. A. S. Gatschet of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington,\nfor a great deal of valuable advice and instruction given to me\nat different times during my American researches. His extensive\nknowledge of Algonkin philology and folk-lore has always been most\nkindly placed at my disposal.\n\nThe existing representatives of the Algonkin or Algic race may be\nseparated linguistically into three great divisions: the Blackfeet\nof the extreme west, whose idiom differs most greatly from all\nthe other dialects;[5] the Cree-Ojibwe of the middle west, which\nembraces a number of closely allied linguistic variations[6] and\nthe Wabanaki races of the eastern coast, with whom the present work\nis concerned. It should be noted that the Algonkin languages, like\nall American idioms, are polysynthetic, i.e., either by means of\nprefixes and suffixes which were themselves separate words, or, by\ncombining the radicals with other radicals, they build up words and\noften sentences from original radicals which, in all probability,\nwere primitively monosyllabic. These original stems were in reality\nonly indifferent themes which might be used practically in any sense,\nbe it nominal or verbal. An excellent example of polysynthesis is\nseen in the combination _ndalaga\u02bfkimzi Alsigontegok_, \u201cI learned it\nat St. Francis\u201d (Abenaki), which may be analyzed as follows: _n_,\ninseparable prefix of the first person, _dal_ the prepositional\nelement \u201cin\u201d or \u201cat\u201d (cf. the separable post-position _tali_, \u201cin\u201d),\n\u221a_aga\u02bfkim_, the root \u201cto learn, teach\u201d--itself a reduplicated form\nof original \u221a_kim_, \u201clearn\u201d--and, finally, -_zi_, the reflexive\nending. _Alsigontegok_ is the locative case of _Alsigontegw_, \u201criver\nof empty habitations,\u201d the Abenaki name for the Indian village of\nSt. Francis, near Pierreville. The termination -_tegw_, locative\n_tegok_, always means \u201criver,\u201d but cannot be used separately. If the\nreader will reflect that the entire linguistic structure is arranged\non this plan, the immense physical difficulty of these idioms will be\nappreciated. On the other hand, the Algonkin languages, by reason of\ntheir very power to form these long idea-words, are admirably adapted\nfor narration and song, however poor a medium they might be for\nmodern business.\n\nAmong the following poems and tales will be found selections taken\nfrom Passamaquoddies, Penobscots, Abenakis, Micmacs and Delawares,\nall of which tribes are members of the so-called Wabanaki branch of\nthe Algonkin stock and are consequently nearly related in language\nand folk-lore. This term _Wabanaki_ or _O\u00f1banaki_ (Abenaki) means\n\u201cland of the dawn or east,\u201d and undoubtedly points to that section\nof country in which these people first established tribal relations.\n_Wabanaki_ (_O\u00f1banaki_) is also a common term for \u201ca man from the\neast.\u201d[7]\n\nThe Passamaquoddy Indians of Pleasant Point, Me., numbering about\nfive hundred in all, are identical with the Milicetes or Etchemins\nof New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The name Passamaquoddy is a\npurely local term, meaning \u201cspearers of pollock fish\u201d (_pesk\u00e1tum_).\nThe correct form is _Pestumok\u00e1dyik_. These people are by far the\nmost interesting remnant of the Wabanaki, as they still retain\nan unusually extensive oral literature, embracing love poems,\nlegends, and historical tales of considerable value. It will be\nnoticed, moreover, that, of the material given in the present\nwork, that coming from the Passamaquoddy is by far the best from\na literary point of view. I need only call the reader\u2019s attention\nto the very remarkable song recording the attack of the squirrels\non _Lappilatwan_, who dwelt in the birch tree, \u201cever sitting with\nhis mouth open\u201d (_wechkuton\u00e9bit_), a song of which Mr. Leland gives\na most charming version. I know no parallel to this in any other\nliterature. The wonderful song of _Nipon_, the summer, and the truly\ntender legend of the loves of the Leaf and the Firebird will serve\nstill further to illustrate the purity of Passamaquoddy thought and\ndiction.\n\nThe following brief historical sketch, taken from the manuscripts\nof the Passamaquoddy Louis Mitchell, will give some idea of the\nconditions which prevailed among the Wabanaki previous to the coming\nof the Europeans.\n\n\u201cIn former days the Wabanaki nation, the Indians called Meg\u02bewek, or\nMohawks, and other members of the Iroquoian Six Nations, were wont to\nwage bloody and unceasing war with one another. The Wabanaki nation\nconsisted of five tribes: Passamaquoddies, Penobscots, Micmacs,\nMilicetes, and the tribe, now extinct, which formerly inhabited the\nbanks of the Kennebec River. The bitterest foes of the Wabanaki were\nundoubtedly the Meg\u02bewek or Mohawks, who on the slightest provocation\nwould send bands to harry them and destroy their crops. The Mohawks\ninvariably treated their prisoners with the most merciless severity,\nshowing no pity even to the women and children. A favorite torture\nwhich they frequently practised was to build a large fire of hemlock\ncoals, into the flames of which they drove their captives, compelling\nthem to walk back and forth over the glowing embers until relieved by\ndeath. No case is on record where a brave of the Wabanaki succumbed\nto the fearful pain and begged for mercy. The warriors would always\npace the fiery path with undaunted resolution and without uttering a\nsound, until nature put an end to their agony. Tortures of this sort\nwere practised by all the tribes, but the Mohawks exceeded the others\nin cruelty.\u201d\n\n\u201cThe cause of the strife was an hereditary dispute about hunting\ngrounds. Besides the enmity which they nourished in common against\nthe Six Nations, the Wabanaki had also internal disputes. Thus, the\nPenobscots were at feud with the Milicetes and the Micmacs with the\nPassamaquoddies.\u201d\n\n\u201cThe first war between the last two tribes was brought about by\nthe quarrel of two boys, sons of chiefs. On this occasion the\nPassamaquoddies were on a friendly visit to the Micmacs, during\nwhich the sons of the Passamaquoddy and Micmac chiefs went shooting\ntogether. They both shot at a white sable, killing the animal by\ntheir joint effort, but each lad claimed it as his game. Finally,\nthe Passamaquoddy boy, becoming enraged, killed the son of the\nMicmac chief. The latter on hearing of the murder could think only\nof vengeance, and positively refused to listen to the Passamaquoddy\nchief\u2019s attempt at reconciliation. The latter even offered the\nlife of his own son who had been guilty of the murder, but all to\nno purpose. In consequence of this unfortunate occurrence, the\ncelebrated \u2018great war\u2019 was then declared, which lasted many years.\u201d\n\n\u201cThe Micmacs although more numerous than their enemies, were inferior\nwarriors, so that the victory was always won (_sic!_) by the\nPassamaquoddies. So great was the hostile spirit that the two tribes\nfought whenever they met, paying no heed to the time of year. On one\noccasion, the Passamaquoddies went to Tlancowatik, thirty miles west\nof St. John, N. B., with a small party consisting principally of\nwomen and children, with the chief and a few braves. At this place\nthey met a number of Micmacs on their way to Passamaquoddy Bay. The\nMicmac chief being a lover of fair play ordered his men to land on an\nisland to await the coming of a messenger. The other chief sent word\nthat on the following day \u2018the boys would come out to play.\u2019 As the\nPassamaquoddy chief had very few men able to bear arms, he made the\nwomen attire themselves like warriors so that from a distance they\nmight be mistaken for men, and directed them to play on the beach\nshouting and laughing as if entirely fearless. The Micmac chief,\ndeceived by this stratagem and being afraid, summoned his braves to\ncouncil, and setting forth the disasters which had been caused by the\nlong war advised a treaty of peace. This proposition was made to the\nPassamaquoddies who, wearied by the perpetual state of unrest, gladly\nacceded to the request. A general council was accordingly called, by\nwhich it was decided that \u2018as long as the sun rises and sets, as\nlong as the great lakes send their waters to the sea, so long should\npeace reign over the two tribes.\u2019\n\n\u201cThe usual ceremonies for making peace were then observed, as\nfollows: (1) a marriage was contracted between a brave of the\nchallenging people and a maiden of the challenged people. This was\nregarded as a type of perpetual future good will. (2) A feast lasting\ntwo months was celebrated nightly; and (3) games of ball, canoe and\nfoot races and other sports were carried on. After such ceremonies\nwere over no breach of a treaty is on record, not even a single\nmurder.\u201d\n\n\u201cAfter the great Micmac war was ended, the Passamaquoddies lived at\npeace except for occasional raids of Mohawks, but the latter finally\nreceived a blow from which they never recovered, the details of\nwhich are as follows: It was the custom of the Mohawks to make night\nattacks, and at one time, when the Passamaquoddies were at the head\nof Passamaquoddy Bay, the Mohawks approached the camp, which was\ncalled Quenasquamcook, with the purpose of utterly destroying it.\nOn this occasion, however, they were seen by a Passamaquoddy brave\nwhose people lay in ambush for them. It was the custom of chiefs to\nwear medallions of white wampum shells which were visible at a long\ndistance, particularly in the moonlight. Picking out in this way\nthe person of the Mohawk chief whose name was Lox (\u2018Wolverine\u2019) the\nwatching braves shot him first, owing to which calamity the Mohawks\nwere thrown into confusion and fled. The Passamaquoddies followed\nthem as soon as day broke, but the tracks were so scattered that\nthey could not find the refugees. It was ascertained afterwards that\nthe Mohawks had quarrelled among themselves, one party being in favor\nof making peace with the enemy, while another faction was strongly\nopposed to such a measure. The discussion of the question ended\nin a fierce combat. This was the final blow to the Mohawk cause,\nso that the nation ever afterward sought to be at peace with the\nPassamaquoddies.\u201d\n\n\u201cAfter this battle the Passamaquoddies were never again molested, but\nthe Penobscot tribe was still at war with the Milicetes and Mohawks\nand, in fact, was nearly destroyed three times by their ruthless\nfoes.\u201d[8]\n\nAfter this period of intertribal enmity came the ratification of the\nWampum Laws preserved in the so-called \u201cWampum Record,\u201d part of which\nis given in the Appendix. This _Wababi Ag\u02benodm\u00e2gon_, as I received\nit, is really an historical account transmitted orally by elderly\nmen whose memories had been especially trained for the purpose from\nearly youth. The laws themselves are not given in my version. It\nwas customary for these keepers of tribal history from time to time\nto instruct the younger members of their clan in the annals of the\npeople. The Passamaquoddy accounts were kept in the memory of the\nhistorians by means of wampum shells arranged on strings in such a\nmanner that certain combinations suggested certain sentences or ideas\nto the narrator or \u201creader\u201d who, of course, already knew his record\nby heart and was merely aided by the association in his mind of the\narrangement of the wampum beads with incidents or sentences in the\ntale, song, or ceremony which he was rendering. This explains such\nexpressions as \u201cmarriage wampum\u201d or \u201cburial wampum,\u201d which are common\namong the Passamaquoddies, and simply mean combinations of wampum\nwhich suggested to the initiated interpreter the ritual of the tribal\nmarriage and burial ceremonies. Passamaquoddy tradition has it that\nthe Wampum Records (i.e., the actual laws) were read ceremonially\nevery year at Caughnawauga, the Iroquois headquarters.\n\nThis custom of preserving records by means of a mnemonic system was\npeculiar to all the tribes of the Algonkin race as well as to the\nIroquoian clans. Brinton refers to the record or tally sticks of the\nCrees and Chippeways as the \u201crude beginning of a system of mnemonic\naids.\u201d It seems to have been customary in early times to burn a\nmark or rude figure on a stick, suggestive of a sentence or idea.\nBrinton adds: \u201cIn later days, instead of burning the marks upon the\nstick, they were painted, the colors as well as the figures having\ncertain conventional meanings. The sticks are described as about six\ninches in length, slender, although varying in shape, and tied up in\nbundles.\u201d Among the more cultured tribes the sticks were eventually\nreplaced by wooden tablets, on which the symbols were engraved with\na sharp instrument, such as a flint or knife. The Passamaquoddies,\nhowever, appear never to have advanced beyond the use of wampum\nstrings as mnemonic aids.\n\nI obtained the Wampum Records at Bar Harbor, Me., in 1887, from\nthe Passamaquoddy Indian mentioned above by Mr. Leland, Mr.\nLouis Mitchell, who was at that time Indian member of the Maine\nLegislature. The manuscripts which he sent me contained both the\nIndian text and a translation into Indian-English, which I have\nrearranged in an idiom I trust somewhat more intelligible to the\ngeneral reader.[9]\n\nThe Penobscot Indians of Maine number at present not more than three\nhundred and fifty, most of whom are resident at the Indian village\nof Oldtown on Penobscot River, near Bangor. These people still speak\na characteristic Algonkin language which bears more resemblance\nto the idiom of the Abenakis at St. Francis, near Pierreville,\nQuebec, than it does to that of the nearer Algonkin neighbors of the\nPenobscots, the Passamaquoddies. Moreover, a philological examination\nof Penobscot and Abenaki shows that both of these forms of Algonkin\nspeech are sister dialects, which have sprung from a common original\nat a comparatively recent date.[10] It is well known that the\nAbenakis of Canada are the direct descendants (of course with some\nadmixture of French and other blood) of the majority of the savages\nwho escaped from the great battle of the Kennebec in Maine, where\nthe English commander Bradford overthrew their tribe on December 3,\n1679. Many of the survivors at once fled to French Canada, where they\nsettled themselves in their present village of St. Francis, near\nPierreville, Quebec (_Alsigontegok_, \u201criver of empty habitations\u201d).\nOthers again may have wandered into Canada at a slightly later date.\nThere can be little doubt that the Indians now called Penobscots\nfrom their residence near the river of that name are the descendants\nof those of the early Abenakis who, instead of fleeing to French\ndominions, eventually submitted themselves to the victorious English.\nIt is interesting to notice that the Canadian Abenakis are the only\none of the Wabanaki clans which calls itself by the generic name\n(_Abenaki-Wabanaki_).\n\nThe Micmacs are the easternmost and by far the most numerous of the\nWabanaki remnants. They are to be found in various places in the\nCanadian provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince\nEdward\u2019s Island, and Newfoundland. Their grade of intelligence is\nmuch lower than that of the other members of the same family, but\nthey still have a vast store of folk-lore, legends, and poems which\nis perishing for want of interested collectors. Their language\ndiffers so greatly from the dialects of the Penobscots, Abenakis, and\nPassamaquoddies that the members of these clans always use English\nor French when communicating with their Micmac neighbors, while\nan intelligent Passamaquoddy can without difficulty understand a\nPenobscot or Abenaki, if the dialect is pronounced slowly.\n\nThe story of the enforced westward wanderings of the ill-fated\nDelawares or Len\u00e2pe has been told in detail by my late friend Dr.\nBrinton (\u201cThe Len\u00e2pe and their Legends,\u201d pp. 122\u20136).\n\nAt the present day this famous tribe, whose three clans--the Minsi,\nthe Unami, and the Unalachtigo--were once the dominant native race\nin Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and parts of New York State\nis represented by but a few bands living on scattered reservations,\nsome in Indian Territory and some in Ontario, Canada. The Delawares\nof Indian Territory have quite lost their identity as a tribe of\nIndians, as they have been incorporated with the Cherokee Nation,\nby whose chief and council they are governed. The last recognized\nDelaware chief of this division of the tribe was Charles Jurney-cake,\nwhose daughters are now married to white men. These Indians occupy\nlands in the Muskogee Agency, situated in the northwestern part of\nthe Cherokee Nation. There are still about eight hundred Delawares in\nthis region, all of whom moved to the Cherokee country from Kansas,\nin 1867. I am informed that a few members of the race linger on at\nNew Westfield, near Ottawa, Kansas, most of whom are under the charge\nof the Moravian Church.\n\nIn Ontario, Canada, there are only about three hundred in all; one\nhundred at Hagersville, on the Six Nations\u2019 (Iroquois) Reserve (Chief\nNelles Montour), one hundred at Munceytown, and the same number at\nMoraviantown, which is the seat of a Moravian mission. The Canadian\nDelawares are all Protestants, belonging, for the most part, either\nto the Church of England or to the Moravians.[11]\n\nBrinton (_op. cit._, pp. 91 ff.) has pointed out the chief\ndifferences between the two ancient dialects of the Len\u00e2pe, viz.:\nthe Unami-Unalachtigo and the Minsi. Of these, the Minsi is spoken\nby all the Canadian Delawares. In this connection, however, it\nis interesting to note that, in a letter to Dr. Brinton, dated\nMoraviantown, 1884, Chief Gottlieb Tobias states that three aged\npersons were then living who could still talk the other dialect. It\nis evident that most of the Delawares of Indian Territory use the\nUnami-Unalachtigo, since Chief Montour, of Hagersville, Ont., writes\nthat, when he visited the Cherokee settlement of his race some years\nago, he could only understand with difficulty the speech of his\ncongeners resident there. On the other hand, he asserts that the\nDelawares near Ottawa, Kansas, use pure Minsi.\n\nChief Montour is a highly intelligent and well educated Indian who\ntakes a deep interest in the language and lore of his tribe. The\nDelaware witchcraft tale given in the following collection about the\nMutt\u00f3ntoe was sent to me by him.\n\nThe lore of the Maine and eastern Canadian Wabanaki may be said\nto center chiefly around the clown-like being known to the\nPassamaquoddies as Kul\u00f3skap and to the Penobscots as Kl\u00fbsk\u00e2be. My\ncoadjutor, Mr. Leland, has ably treated of the nature of this purely\nAmerican creation in his Algonquin Legends, pp. 15\u2013139. Kul\u00f3skap\n(Kl\u00fbsk\u00e2be) is a god-man of truly Indian type who undoubtedly\nrepresents the principle of good, and particularly good nature,\nas opposed to his twin-brother Malsum the Wolf, who may be called\nthe Ahrim\u00e2n of the Wabanaki, although this is almost too dignified\na term. It is highly interesting to notice that these twins were\nborn from an unknown divine mother, the good Kul\u00f3skap in the natural\nmanner, and the evil Wolf through the woman\u2019s side, a method which\nhe deliberately chose in order to kill his mother. The tendency of\nKul\u00f3skap, in spite of his name, was essentially benevolent. Oddly\nenough Kul\u00f3skap means \u201cthe liar,\u201d from a stem \u221a_kl\u00fbsk_, \u201clie\u201d +\n_ap_, \u201ca man, person, one who stands.\u201d The stem appears in Penobscot\nonly in compounds; cf. _kl\u00fbskachemuw\u00e2gon_, \u201ca lie falsehood.\u201d This\nappellation, uncomplimentary as it sounds to our ears, was not really\nmeant in this sense by the Indians. Kul\u00f3skap is called the deceiver,\nnot because he deceives or injures man, but because he is clever\nenough to lead his enemies astray, the highest possible virtue to\nthe early American mind. Kul\u00f3skap was at once the creator and friend\nof Man, and, strangely enough, he made the Indian (or Man; the terms\nare synonymous) from the ash tree. The following collection of\nsongs, mostly from Micmac sources, bearing especially on the doings\nof Kul\u00f3skap, has been arranged by Mr. Leland and myself into a sort\nof epic embracing all the native lore known to us concerning this\npersonage. The same culture-hero appears in the legends of the entire\nAlgonkin family, although often under another name. In the present\ncollection, to secure uniformity, the single name of Kul\u00f3skap has\nbeen used throughout.\n\nWabanaki mythology was really pure Shamanism, seeing a spirit in\nevery tree and waterfall, and a malignant or benevolent influence\nin many animals. Like most barbaric races, these people were also\nfervent believers in witchcraft, a superstition which still survives\nin the minds of many of the older Indians. Any missionary to the\nPassamaquoddies, or to their kindred, the New Brunswick Milicetes,\nthe Penobscots of Oldtown, Me., or to the Micmacs and Abenakis\nof Quebec, will admit that belief in the ancient Shamanistic\nsorcery among these Indians has by no means died out. Among the\nPassamaquoddies and Milicetes particularly, there is still a perfect\nmine of material relating to the wizards and their power over other\nmen and over the curious beings with which the Indians have peopled\nthe mysterious forests of their country.\n\nIn pre-Christian times the Passamaquoddies, like their other Algic\nkindred, were firm believers in the almost unlimited power of their\n_M\u02bedeolin\u02bewuk_ or wizards, belief in the existence of many of whom\nstill remains, subordinate, of course, to the Catholic doctrine,\nwhich nearly all the Indians profess--there being, I am informed,\nonly three or four Protestant Passamaquoddy families.\n\nA few examples of these sorcerers\u2019 power are described below in\nthe curiously curt style of Algic narrative.[12] We see from these\ntales that the wizards could transform themselves into animals at\nwill; that they could cast a spell or curse on an enemy, even though\nhe might also be a _M\u02bedeolin_; that they could violate the laws of\nnature so far as to walk in hard ground, sinking up to the ankles\nor knees at every step, and, finally--that they could communicate\nwith each other telepathically. I need hardly comment on the first\ntwo and the fourth of these wonders, as they are common among all\nShamanistic conjurers, but the third phenomenon, the power to sink\ninto hard ground while walking, is, I believe, characteristically\nAmerican. Rink states that this is not an unusual feat among the\nconjurers of the Greenland Eskimo, who frequently sink into rocky and\nfrozen ground \u201cas if in snow.\u201d The trick is probably done by some\npeculiar way of stooping, or is merely suggested, possibly by means\nof hypnotic influence. Leland compares here, however, the Old Norse\nstatements regarding their wizards, who occasionally sank into the\nground and who had power to pass through earth with the same ease as\nthrough air or water (Algonquin Legends, p. 342). It would be hardly\npermissible to draw a parallel between the ancient Norsemen and the\nnorthern Indians on this account, as the case Leland cites is that of\na conjurer who disappeared into the ground head downwards, when he\nwas stabbed at by a foe. It should be noticed that in the following\ntale, my Passamaquoddy authority did not see the actual feat, but\nonly the deep tracks of the wizard where he had sunk into the earth\n\u201cthe night before.\u201d\n\nThe anecdote of a cannibalistic feast is highly interesting. The\nwizards here eat their murdered comrade, evidently with the idea of\nabsorbing into themselves some or all of his power. The cannibalistic\norgies of the South Sea Islanders should be compared with this\npractice. For example, the Fijis and the New Zealand Maoris ate their\nenemies with the same object in view, viz., to become as brave as\nthe fallen foe had been. All authorities tend to show, however, that\ncannibalism was extremely rare among the American races, and was only\nresorted to in isolated cases like the one here noted.\n\nIn the Delaware tale given below, a similar instance of cannibalism\nis cited; only in this case, the wizard, who is evidently a being\nsimilar in nature to the Passamaquoddy _Kiwa\u02bfkw_ or the Micmac\n_Ch\u00eenu_, desires to devour a very old, worn-out man. I can only look\nupon this feature as a highly interesting relic from very primitive\ntimes, when it was probably not unusual to devour the aged, perhaps\nfor a double purpose: both to get rid of them, as was the case until\nrecently among the islanders of Tierra del Fuego, and also, perhaps,\nto absorb sacramentally into the living members of the family the\nessence of the dead parent, whose soul is thus prevented from\nbecoming entirely extinct. The fact that a giant ghoul desires to\neat the Delaware old man is, however, a distinctly Algonkin feature,\nquite in accord with the ideas prevalent among the Passamaquoddies,\nPenobscots and Micmacs regarding the _Kiwa\u02bfkw-Ch\u00eenu_.\n\nThe Passamaquoddy tale given below of the _Kiwa\u02bfkw_ or snow demon is\none of a great number. The Algonkin Indian believed in many spirits,\nsome benevolent like the _W\u02benag\u02bemeswuk_ or \u201clittle people,\u201d who were\nwont to warn the tribesmen of impending danger; some neutral, like\nthe wandering _Kiwa\u02bfkw_ in this tale, or the _Chibela\u02bfkwe_, the\ntree sprite who sits in the crotch of the large branches; and some\nagain distinctly malevolent, like the _Appodumken_ or spirit of the\ndeep water, who lurks in the lakes to drag down the unwary swimmer.\nThe _Kiwa\u02bfkw_, however, as remarked above, was often an evil being.\nCompare also Leland\u2019s wonderful tales of the _Ch\u00eenu_ (Algonquin\nLegends, pp. 233 ff).\n\nThe reader\u2019s attention should be called at this point to the\nremarkable ideas prevalent among the Wabanaki regarding the\ncohabitation of women and serpents (see below, and also Leland, _op.\ncit._, pp. 268 ff). These may seem strange coming from a land where\nthere are no ophidians large enough to warrant such a superstition.\nIt is not impossible, however, that in these hideous tales we have\nsome relic of far distant prehistoric days when huge serpents were\nnot unknown. It should be added, moreover, that in every case of\nsuch sexual relations between snakes and man among the Wabanaki the\nserpent was always a wizard (_M\u02bedeolin_) in disguise, a fact which\nshows that in the later superstition at least the unusual character\nof such monstrous serpents was fully appreciated.\n\nThe following points should be noted with regard to the pronunciation\nof the Indian words herein given. The vowels have the Italian values,\nexcept that _\u00f6_ = German _\u00f6_ in _sch\u00f6n_. The apostrophe \u02be is a very\nshort _u_-vowel. The consonants are equivalent to the same consonants\nin English, except that _\u00f1_ represents the French nasal _n_ in _mon_,\nand the final combination _kw_ or final _q_ must be uttered as a _k_\nfollowed by _w_ accompanied by a gentle indeterminate short vowel.\nThe inverted apostrophe \u02bf has the value of a softly breathed _h_.\nThus _kiw\u00e2\u02bfkw_ must be pronounced _kee-wah-kw\u1d58_.\n\nAs explained the name of the culture-hero is spelled _Kul\u00f3skap_\nfor the sake of uniformity, but so far as possible, the Indian\nexpressions used in the different stories have been kept in harmony\nwith the original languages. The reason for this discrepancy lies in\nthe fact that some of the Passamaquoddy and Micmac tales were related\nby Penobscots, who frequently inadvertently used their own forms. For\nthe same reason, in some stories labelled as Micmac, Passamaquoddy\nwords will occasionally be found. In every such case the Micmac tales\ncame through a Passamaquoddy medium, who, whenever he was ignorant\nof the proper Micmac word, used the corresponding Passamaquoddy\nexpression, but elsewhere employed Micmac words. The Indian\nheadings to the stories are nearly all in Passamaquoddy because the\n_raconteurs_ generally began in this dialect, even when they broke\ninto Micmac or Penobscot in continuing the tale in question. The\nGlossary explains every Indian word occurring in the midst of the\nEnglish text.\n\nWe present these selections from the still vast storehouse of\nWabanaki lore, not to prove any preconceived theory as to their\norigin, or as to the origin of the eastern coast tribes themselves.\nNo man can ever know now whence the Algonkin races came. Whether\nthey with other peoples were emigrants from palaeolithic Europe,\ncrossing by way of some long since vanished land-bridge, or whether\nthey wandered into their present habitat from the western part of\nour own continent, having had their origin in pre-historic Asia,\nit is impossible to say and, in view of the absolute darkness in\nwhich we grope, all theories are futile. I cannot see a meaning in\nthe word _Wabanaki_, \u201cland of the dawn or east,\u201d which points to any\nperiod further back than the time of these peoples\u2019 first tribal\ncentralization on the present eastern coast of North America.\n\nLet then our labor in this work suffice merely to present to the\nEnglish-speaking public a few interesting and characteristic\nspecimens of the traditions of a rapidly perishing race--a race which\nfifty years from now will have hardly a single living representative.\n\n                                             JOHN DYNELEY PRINCE.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[5] Cf. J. W. Tims, \u201cGrammar and Dictionary of the Blackfoot\nLanguage,\u201d London, 1889.\n\n[6] Cf. Horden, \u201cGrammar of the Cree Language,\u201d London, 1881; Wilson,\n\u201cThe Ojebway Language,\u201d Toronto, 1874.\n\n[7] Cf. Prince, in _Misc. Linguistica Ascoliana_, Turin, 1901, p. 344.\n\n[8] See Prince, Annals N. Y. Academy of Sciences, XI., No. 15, pp.\n370\u2013374.\n\n[9] See Prince, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society,\nXXXVI., pp. 479 ff.\n\n[10] See Prince, American Anthropologist, IV., No. 1.\n\n[11] See Prince, American Journal of Philology, XXI., pp. 295, 296.\n\n[12] See also Prince, Proceedings of the American Philosophical\nSociety, XXXVIII., pp. 181\u2013189.\n\n\n\n\n                              PART FIRST\n\n                        =The Epic of Kul\u00f3skap=\n\n\n\n\n                            =Canto First=\n\n                           CREATION LEGENDS\n\n\n\n\n                                  I\n\n          THE BIRTH OF KUL\u00d3SKAP, THE LORD OF BEASTS AND MEN,\n                   AND THE DEATH OF MALSUM THE WOLF\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                _Yut nit n\u02bekani ak\u02benod\u02bem\u00e2gon\n                Uch Kul\u00f3skap elaknotmotits piche._[13]\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    Wonderful traditions\n    Of the olden time;\n    Very old indeed,\n    Ere the world began:\n\n    The great lord Kul\u00f3skap\n    Who in after days\n    Was worshipped everywhere\n    By the Wabanaki\n    Or Children of the Dawn,\n    Was as yet unborn,\n    Living as a twin\n    With another named\n    Malsumsis--the Wolf.\n    Wolf, the lesser one,\n    As his brother was good\n    So was this one bad;\n    One, the Lord of Light,\n    One, of Darkness dire.\n\n    Now ere they were born,\n    The two a council held\n    That they might decide\n    How they would be born.\n    And Kul\u00f3skap said:\n    \u201cI shall be content\n    If I may come to life\n    Even as others come.\u201d\n    But Malsum, the Wolf,\n    Said: \u201cJust as you will;\n    But I am too great\n    E\u2019er to see the light\n    As common creatures do;\n    I will burst to light\n    Rending everything\n    E\u2019en through death to life.\u201d\n\n    So it came to pass\n    Kul\u00f3skap, the Lord,\n    Came in peace to light;\n    Malsum kept his word,\n    And the mother died.\n\n    So the two grew up,\n    Till one day the Wolf,\n    Who knew that both were given\n    Strange mysterious lives\n    Charmed \u2019gainst everything\n    Save one conceal\u00e8d death,\n    Asked of the elder what\n    His hidden bane might be?\n\n    Then the wise Kul\u00f3skap\n    Thought how when he was born\n    Malsumsis in his pride\n    Had slain his mother;\n    And he said: \u201cIf Wolf knew\n    The secret of my life,\n    That life would soon be o\u2019er.\u201d\n    And therefore he agreed\n    To tell Malsum the Wolf\n    The secret of his death,\n    If he the younger born\n    Would tell him in return\n    The secret of his own.\n\n    Therefore the elder said,\n    To test his brother\u2019s truth:\n    \u201cThe feather of an owl\n    Is the one thing on earth\n    Which e\u2019er can end my life.\u201d\n    In sooth, this was a lie\n    Although no evil one,\n    And yet from uttering it\n    Kul\u00f3skap got his name\n    Which means the Liar, or,\n    As Indians mean the word:\n    A wise and crafty man.\n\n    And then it came to pass\n    That in the after-days\n    Kw\u00e2b\u00eetsis the son\n    Of the Great Beaver, or\n    As others tell the tale\n    Mi\u02bfko the squirrel, or else\n    The very devil himself\n    Who dwelt within his heart,\n    Tempted Malsum to slay\n    His brother Kul\u00f3skap;\n    For in those early days\n    All men were wicked--all\n    Lived but in evil deeds.\n\n    So Malsum took his bow\n    And, stealing through the woods\n    Into his dark retreat,\n    Shot Ko\u02bfko\u02bfkhas, the owl,\n    And with his feathers struck\n    Kul\u00f3skap while asleep.\n\n    Up leaped the Lord enraged,\n    Yet even in his wrath\n    He spoke right craftily:\n    \u201cThou ever evil One!\n    Thou murderer of all!\n    Know that no feather can\n    E\u2019er take my life. \u2019Tis by\n    A pine-root and a blow\n    That I am doomed to die,\n    By that, and that alone.\u201d\n\n    So on another day\n    When both together went\n    A-hunting in the woods\n    Kul\u00f3skap laid him down\n    To sleep upon the leaves\n    Where all was very still;\n    Then Malsum, ever bent\n    On evil and on death,\n    With a great pine-tree root\n    Smote with his giant strength\n    His brother on the head.\n    Up leapt the Lord again\n    Unharm\u00e8d as before,\n    And drove the Wolf away,\n    Away in bitter scorn,\n    Away into the woods.\n\n    Then sitting by a brook\n    He saw the flowering rush,\n    Or cat-tail, in the stream--\n    Of all the plants on earth\n    The weakest, softest thing--\n    And said unto himself,\n    Although he spoke aloud:\n    \u201cWhat soul would ever dream\n    That in that plant abides\n    The secret of my death?\u201d\n\n    The Beaver who lay hid\n    Deep down among the reeds.\n    Heard what the Lord had said,\n    And hastening to Malsumsis\n    Told him the whole. For this\n    Malsum had freely sworn\n    To give the Beaver aught\n    Or all that he might wish.\n\n    But when the Beaver asked\n    For wings, that he might fly\n    Even as pigeons do,\n    Malsum replied in scorn,\n    And laughing from his heart:\n    \u201cThou with a sorry tail\n    Like any rugged rasp,\n    What need hast _thou_ of wings!\n    Mud-scraper! Get thee gone!\u201d\n\n    In a bitter rage\n    Forth the Beaver ran,\n    Ran by night and day,\n    Till he found the Lord,\n    Kul\u00f3skap the Wise,\n    Unto whom he told\n    All that he had done,\n    Sorrowing that he\n    Had so evil been,\n    Sorrowing that he\n    Had ever heard and told\n    The secret of his life.\n    Then in sorrow too,\n    And yet in anger grim,\n    Up the Lord arose,\n    Rose all in his might,\n    And plucking up a fern,\n    Sought in the deep dark wood\n    For Malsumsis the Wolf:\n    And having found him there\n    Smote him a single blow;\n    Down fell the demon dead.\n\n    Then Kul\u00f3skap sang a song,\n    Lamenting for the dead;\n    Though ever unto him\n    He had so evil been,\n    And as a bitter foe\n    Had sought to end his life;\n    Sung over him a song,\n    Then homewards went his way.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[13] This is an ancient story of Kul\u00f3skap which they told long ago.\n\n\n\n\n                                  II\n\n                 THE CREATION OF MAN AND THE ANIMALS\n\n                     [_Passamaquoddy and Micmac_]\n\n               _Kul\u00f3skap nitamk naga nit k\u02bechi pechies\n                Yut kilun k\u02bem\u02bet-kinansnok._[14]\n\n\n    Kul\u00f3skap was first,\n    First and greatest,\n    To come into our land--\n    Into Nova Scotia, Canada,\n    Into Maine, into Wabanaki,\n    The land of sunrise, or light.\n\n    There were no Indians like us,\n    Here in those early days;\n    Only far in the West\n    Lived red men strange and wild.\n\n    First born were the Mi\u02bfkumwessuk\n    The fairies of the forest,\n    The W\u02ben\u00e2g\u02bemeswuk, elves,\n    The little men, dwellers in rocks.\n\n    Thus it was Kul\u00f3skap the Great\n    Made man: He took his arrows\n    And shot at a tree--the ash,\n    Known as the basket-tree.\n\n[Illustration: =The Creation of Man=]\n\n    From the hole made by the arrow\n    Came forth new forms, and these\n    Were the first of human kind.\n    And so the Lord gave them a name\n    Meaning \u201cthose born from trees.\u201d\n\n    Kul\u00f3skap the Lord of Light\n    Made all the animals.\n    First, he created\n    All of giant size;\n    Such was the beginning.\n    Then he said to Te\u00e2m, the Moose,\n    Who was tall as the Kiwa\u02bfkw,\n    The colossal giant of the mountain,\n    The awful king of the forest,\n    The lord of the roaring river:\n    \u201cWhat wouldst thou do, Te\u00e2m,\n    Shouldst thou see man a-coming?\u201d\n    Answered the monstrous Te\u00e2m,\n    \u201cI would tear the trees down on him.\u201d\n    Then the Lord Kul\u00f3skap\n    Saw that the Moose was too strong;\n    So he made him smaller and weaker\n    So that the Indians could kill him.\n\n    Even so with the Squirrel\n    Who was as large in those days\n    As the great wolf in our time;\n    \u201cWhat would you do, S\u00e2kskadu?\u201d\n    Asked the Lord of Beasts and Men,\n    \u201cIf you should meet an Indian?\u201d\n    \u201cI would scratch up trees by their roots\n    That they might fall upon him.\u201d\n    Answered the Squirrel undaunted.\n    \u201cThou also art far too strong,\u201d\n    Replied the mighty Master;\n    So he smoothed him down in his hands,\n    And, as he was smoothed, the Squirrel\n    Grew ever smaller and smaller,\n    Till he was as we see him now.\n\n    Then he asked the Great White Bear:\n    \u201cAnd thou, K\u02bech\u00ee M\u016b\u02be\u016bin!\n    What wouldst thou do if ever\n    A man should come in thy way?\u201d\n    And the Bear replied: \u201cI would eat him.\u201d\n    Then the Master bade him go\n    And live among rocks and ice,\n    Very far away in the North,\n    Where he would see no Indians.\n    And there he is ever in snow.\n\n    So Kul\u00f3skap the Great,\n    Lord of all things that are,\n    Did question all the beasts,\n    Changing their size or strength,\n    Or measuring out their lives,\n    According to their answers.\n\n    He took the Loon for his hunter\n    To serve him as a dog;\n    But the Loon was often absent,\n    Not to be found when wanted;\n    So he took in his place two Wolves,\n    One black, the other white;\n    And these wild dogs are his messengers\n    Who bear to him tidings of all.\n\n    Many years ago,\n    Yet still within our time,\n    Very far to the North,\n    An Indian in his canoe\n    Was about to cross a bay\n    To a distant place;\n    When, just before he launched,\n    There came in haste a stranger\n    Followed by two great dogs,\n    Who asked to be taken over.\n    \u201cYou may come,\u201d replied the Indian,\n    \u201cCome over the bay and welcome,\n    But what will you do with your dogs?\n    For we cannot take them with us!\u201d\n\n    The stranger replied, \u201cThey may go\n    Around by land and meet us.\u201d\n    \u201cThat cannot be,\u201d said the other,\n    \u201cNo dogs could run such a distance,\n    Not even in weeks of running.\u201d\n    But as there was no answer\n    He paddled, saying nothing,\n    Over the bay to the landing,\n    And there the dogs were waiting!\n    But when he turned his head\n    He found the stranger had vanished,\n    And then he said to himself:\n    \u201cNow have I seen Kul\u00f3skap,\n    The Lord of Beasts and Men.\u201d\n\n    And yet at a later day\n    At a place afar in the North,\n    There were many Indians assembled\n    When there came a strange commotion.\n    The ground was heaving and rumbling,\n    The rocks were shaking and falling,\n    And even the boldest among them\n    Felt faint at heart with terror;\n    When lo, they saw before them\n    The Lord of all, Kul\u00f3skap!\n    And he said to them: \u201cLo, I am here,\n    And when you feel the ground\n    Trembling again as to-day,\n    Then know that I have returned.\u201d\n    So it is that man will know\n    When the last great war shall be,\n    The war of the Final Day!\n    For then Kul\u00f3skap the Lord\n    Will make the plain and the mountains\n    Shake with an awful noise.\n\n    The Beaver had been the foe\n    Of the Lord in the beginning;\n    Hence it came that Kul\u00f3skap slew\n    Full many of the tribe.\n    Away up in the Tobaic\n    Are two salt water rocks--\n    That is, they stand by the ocean\n    Near a fresh water stream--\n    A spot which to the Beaver\n    Had ever been forbidden.\n    But one day when far away,\n    So far that none could see\n    Who had not the magic vision,\n    Kul\u00f3skap saw the Beaver\n    Defying his injunction,\n    And drinking from the stream.\n    Then with his might, in anger,\n    The god tore up a rock\n    And hurled it at the Beaver.\n    It was many leagues away,\n    The Beaver deftly dodged it--\n    Few beasts are so quick at dodging--\n    But when another boulder\n    Came after the first one, Kw\u00e2b\u00eet\n    Ran deep into a mountain\n    From which he came forth no more.\n    But the rocks which the Master threw,\n    And the mountain and the fountain,\n    Are shown unto this day;\n    And the Indians say in reverence;\n    \u201cKul\u00f3skap once was here!\u201d\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[14] Kul\u00f3skap was the greatest one who ever came into our land.\n\n\n\n\n                                 III\n\n                    THE ORIGIN OF THE RATTLESNAKES\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n             _Nt\u02beladwew\u00e2g\u02benuk a\u02bftosis yut the snake._[15]\n\n\n    You know A\u02bftosis, the Snake?\n    Truly all snakes are evil,\n    But worst among them all\n    Is the Rattlesnake their master.\n    Well! In the olden time,\n    The Rattlesnakes were Indians,\n    And they were very saucy:\n    Men said they were all face,\n    And never could be frozen;\n    They could not be put down by much,\n    And they rose for very little.\n    When the Great Flood was coming,\n    Kul\u00f3skap the awful prophet,\n    Gave them full warning of it.\n    They answered, \u201cThey did not care.\u201d\n    He told them that the water\n    Would rise o\u2019er the heads of all;\n    They said, \u201cShould this come to pass,\n    We shall all be very wet.\u201d\n    He bade them be good and quiet,\n    And pray to escape from drowning;\n    They whooped and hurrahed to mock him.\n    He said, \u201cThe Great Flood is coming!\u201d\n    They gave three cheers for the Flood.\n    Then he added, \u201c\u2019Twill drown you all!\u201d\n    The Indians whooped again,\n    And got out all their rattles,\n    Which were made of turtle shell\n    Containing little pebbles,\n    And rattled with all their might\n    In a daring dance to the Flood.\n\n    Yes, \u2019twas a rattling dance!\n    The rain began to fall,\n    But the Indians danced on.\n    The thunder roared, and they answered\n    With rattles and with war-cries\n    The Indians danced on.\n    To the flash and crash of lightning\n    Amid the rising waters\n    The Indians danced on!\n\n    Then Kul\u00f3skap was angry\n    Yet in the rising flood\n    He did not drown a soul,\n    But for their arrogance\n    Changed all to serpent form--\n    That of the Rattlesnake,\n    Which crawls about the rocks,\n    And so unto this day,\n    Whene\u2019er they see a man,\n    They lift their heads and hiss;\n    And move them up and down--\n    That is the way snakes dance,\n    Shaking their rattles, too,\n    As we do when we dance.\n    How do you like the sound?          L.\n\n[Illustration: =The Origin of the Rattlesnakes=]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[15] In my language _a\u02bftosis_ is the snake.\n\n\n\n\n                                  IV\n\n            HOW KUL\u00d3SKAP NAMED THE ANIMALS, AND DISCOVERED\n                  THAT MAN WAS THE LORD OF THEM ALL\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                 _Wut ktag\u02benod\u02bemul uch Kul\u00f3skap._[16]\n\n\n    This is an ancient tale of the Lord,\n    Told \u2019mid the tales of the spirit time,\n    How the Master of Beasts and Men\n    Was born in the Sunrise land,\n    The land of the Wabanaki;\n    Though other traditions tell\n    That he came from across the ocean\n    In a great stone canoe,\n    A barque which was all of granite,\n    Covered with trees for masts.\n    When the great Lord of All,\n    The Chief of Beasts and Men,\n    Descended from this ark,\n    He went into the land\n    Of the Wabanaki,\n    The children of the Light;\n    And calling all the Beasts\n    Gave unto each a name:\n    Unto the Bear, M\u016b\u016bin;\n    And as he gave it, asked:\n    \u201cOh Bear, what would\u2019st thou do,\n    If thou should\u2019st meet a man?\u201d\n    To which M\u016b\u016bin replied\n    Simply and honestly:\n    \u201cI fear him and should run.\u201d\n    \u201cWell spoken,\u201d said the Lord,\n    \u201cMan should be feared by all.\u201d\n\n    Now at that time, Mi\u02bfko,\n    The Squirrel, was as great,\n    Or, some say, far more great\n    Than even the Northern Bear;\n    So the Lord Kul\u00f3skap\n    Took Mi\u02bfko \u2019neath his hands,\n    And softly smoothed him down;\n    And as he felt the touch\n    Mi\u02bfko grew less and less,\n    And dwindled until he\n    Was what we see him now.\n    Howbeit in later days,\n    Mi\u02bfko was Kul\u00f3skap\u2019s dog,\n    And, when the Master willed,\n    He oft grew large again\n    Touched by the Master\u2019s hand,\n    And slew his fiercest foes.\n    But, being asked what he\n    Would do if chased by Man,\n    Mi\u02bfko at once exclaimed:\n    \u201cI would climb up a tree\n    As fast as legs could run.\u201d\n\n    \u201cWell answered,\u201d said the Lord,\n    \u201cAnd therefore, I ordain\n    That from this day henceforth\n    Thou and thy kind at large\n    Shall ever dwell in trees.\u201d\n\n    The Moose was standing by,\n    Intently looking on,\n    With great, soft, staring eyes,\n    Attending to it all\n    With deepest interest.\n    Calling then Kchi M\u016bs,\n    Big Moose, the Master said:\n    \u201cBut say what would\u2019st thou do\n    If thou should\u2019st meet with Man?\u201d\n    \u201cIn faith,\u201d replied Kchi M\u016bs,\n    \u201cI\u2019d canter through the woods\n    Fast as my legs would fly.\u201d\n    \u201cWell spoken,\u201d said the god,\n    \u201cSo shalt thou ever live\n    In shade and forests wild.\u201d\n\n    The Beaver being asked\n    What he would do, replied\n    That he would seek a stream\n    Ere he would face mankind.\n    So the great Lord perceived\n    That of all creatures born\n    Who walked upon the earth\n    The first and best was Man.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[16] This I will tell you about Kul\u00f3skap.\n\n\n\n\n                            =Canto Second=\n\n                     THE MASTER\u2019S KINDNESS TO MAN\n\n\n\n\n                                  I\n\n                  WHAT KUL\u00d3SKAP DID FOR THE INDIANS\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n               _Piche mesogw Kul\u00f3skap nemiquosikw._[17]\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    In the very olden time\n    Before Kul\u00f3skap the Master,\n    The Lord of Beasts and Men,\n    Had come into the world,\n    Or man was by him instructed,\n    All lived in wonderful darkness;\n    Men could not even see\n    To slay their enemies;\n    But the Lord brought light unto them,\n    The daybreak and the dawn.\n    Therefore, for this his people\n    Are known as the Wabanaki,\n    The Men of the Early Dawn.\n\n    And many a thing he taught them:\n    The noble art of hunting,\n    How to build huts and canoes,\n    And weirs to catch the fishes,\n    And how to trap the beaver,\n    And net the shad and salmon.\n    Before he came they knew not\n    How to make nets or weapons;\n    Then he, the Mighty Master,\n    Showed them the hidden virtues\n    Of plants and roots and blossoms,\n    And all the herbs which Indians\n    Could use for any purpose;\n    And also every creature,\n    Beasts, birds, and all the fishes,\n    All things which could be eaten\n    Or serve for joy to man.\n\n    Then, pointing to the heaven,\n    He taught the names of the stars,\n    With all the wonderful stories,\n    The very old traditions,\n    Of all that the planets had been.\n\n    He greatly loved mankind,\n    And wherever he might be,\n    Though afar in the wilderness,\n    He never was far away,\n    Away from his Indian children.\n    He dwelt in a lonely land,\n    But whoever went to seek him\n    The Master ever found.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[17] Long ago before Kul\u00f3skap was seen.\n\n\n\n\n                                  II\n\n        HOW KUL\u00d3SKAP GRANTED GIFTS AND FAVORS TO MANY INDIANS\n\n                     [_Micmac and Passamaquoddy_]\n\n\n    Long ere Kul\u00f3skap the Master\n    Had left the land and his people,\n    And before he had ceased to wander\n    In the ways of man, he called\n    The loons his faithful servants,\n    And bade them make it known\n    That for many years to come\n    He would still remain on earth,\n    And that whoever would seek him\n    Might have one wish full granted,\n    Whatever that wish might be.\n\n    Although the journey was long\n    And the trials were terrible\n    Which all must endure who would find\n    The Lord of Men and Beasts,\n    There were many who ventured on\n    The wonderful pilgrimage.\n    Now you may hear what happened\n    To several of these seekers,\n    Even as I heard the tales\n    From a Passamaquoddy _S\u00e9nap_.\n\n    When all the land had heard\n    That the Master would grant a wish\n    To any who would seek him,\n    Three Indians resolved\n    That they would try this thing.\n    One was a Milicete\n    Who came from near St. John,\n    And the other two were Penobscots\n    From Oldtown, that is in Maine.\n    And they went upon the journey\n    And found that the path was long,\n    And the way was very hard;\n    Their sufferings were great,\n    It was well nigh seven years\n    Before they saw the Lord.\n    But while it was yet three months\n    Ere they came unto his dwelling,\n    They heard the bark of his dogs,\n    And, as day by day they drew nearer\n    The sound grew louder and louder,\n    Till after many trials\n    Led by the bay of the hounds\n    They found the mighty one,\n    The Lord of Men and Beasts,\n    And he made them very welcome\n    And entertained them all.\n\n    Then in due time he asked them\n    What was it they desired.\n    And then the first replied--An\n    honest simple man\n    Who was of but little account\n    Among the Indian people\n    Because he hunted badly--\n    He prayed that he might excel\n    In killing or catching game;\n    Then the Master gave him a flute,\n    Or the magic pipe which pleases\n    The ear of everyone,\n    And has the power to bring\n    By wonderful fascination\n    All animals to that piper\n    Who plays it in their haunts.\n    He thanked the Lord and left.\n\n  [Illustration:\n    But, smiling anew, he gave him\n    A bag which was tightly tied.]\n\n    Now the second of the three,\n    A reckless amorous youth\n    Yet who never could succeed\n    In winning women\u2019s love,\n    When asked what he would have\n    Said: \u201cI would win my way\n    To many maidens\u2019 hearts!\u201d\n    And being questioned, \u201cHow many?\u201d\n    Replied, \u201cI would know no limit.\n    Let there be only enough,\n    And more than enough beside.\u201d\n    Thereat the Master frowned,\n    But, smiling anew, he gave him\n    A bag which was tightly tied,\n    And said to him, \u201cDo not open\n    Till you shall have reached your home.\u201d\n    So he thanked the Lord and left.\n\n    Now the third who had come with these\n    Was a gay and handsome youth,\n    Yet very foolish withal\n    Since he cared for nothing whatever\n    Save to make the Indians laugh,\n    And to cut a figure with jests\n    At every gathering.\n    He, being asked what he sought,\n    Replied that he fain would have\n    The power to make a sound\n    Which when uttered would startle all,\n    And make them laugh indeed\n    As they never had laughed before.\n    This was a wondrous cry\n    Which the sorcerers of yore\n    Uttered to gladden hearts,\n    But now that the art is lost.\n    That is indeed the cause\n    That our times are so sorrowful,\n    Since that magic, merry cry\n    Is heard no more in the land.\n\n    And unto him likewise\n    The Master was truly kind\n    Sending Marten into the woods\n    To seek for a certain root\n    Which, when eaten by any one,\n    Conferred the mystic power\n    Of making the wondrous sound.\n    But when it was bestowed\n    He was warned not to touch\n    The root till he reached his home.\n\n    It had taken them seven years\n    To reach the Master\u2019s lodge,\n    But seven days were enough\n    To tread the path to their huts--\n    That is, for him who got there,\n    For indeed there was only one,\n    And that was the hunter, who\n    With his marvellous pipe in his pocket,\n    And never a care in his heart,\n    Trudged on well satisfied\n    To think that all his life\n    He never should want a joint\n    Of venison in his cabin\n    Or a bear-skin to lie upon,\n    As indeed he never did.\n\n    Now the one who so loved women\n    And never had won a wife,\n    Was wild with wistfulness\n    And great anxiety.\n    Therefore he could not wait,\n    And he had not gone very far\n    Into the woods, ere he\n    Sat down and opened the bag.\n    There was a whirr as of wings\n    And they came flying forth\n    By hundreds round his head\n    Like beautiful white doves\n    Swarming all about--\n    Wonderful lovely girls\n    With large black burning eyes,\n    And torrents of flowing hair.\n    Wild with passion the witches\n    Threw their fair arms around him\n    And kissed him as he responded\n    To their ardent, fond embraces.\n    But ever more and more\n    They came, more glowing with love,\n    Till he bade them give way for a space,\n    Till he bade them let him be;\n    But they only pressed the more.\n    So, panting, crying for breath,\n    And smothered in love, he died,\n    And those who came that way\n    Found him a silent corpse,\n    But what became of the witches\n    Kul\u00f3skap only can tell!\n\n    Now the third went merrily on,\n    Tramping along through the woods,\n    When it flashed upon his mind\n    In an instant, that Kul\u00f3skap\n    Had bestowed on him a gift;\n    And, without the slightest heed\n    To what the Master had said\n    Of waiting till he got home,\n    He took out the magic root\n    And ate it, then and there;\n    When all at once he found\n    He could utter the magic cry\n    Which startles all who hear it,\n    Inspiring them to joy\n    And making them laugh aloud;\n    Then, as it rang afar\n    O\u2019er many a forest dale\n    Waking the ringing echo\n    Of the far-distant hill,\n    Until it was answered by\n    A solemn snowy owl,\n    He felt that he had won\n    A wondrous power indeed;\n    So he walked gayly on\n    O\u2019er many a hill and dale,\n    Whistling or trumpeting\n    As happy as a bird.\n\n    But he ere long began\n    To weary of himself,\n    When, seeing in a glade\n    A deer, he bent his bow;\n    When, just as he would shoot,\n    The wild unearthly sound\n    Broke out, despite himself,\n    Even like a demon warble,\n    The deer took flight and fled;\n    And the young man cursed aloud!\n\n    And when he reached the town\n    Half dead with hunger, he\n    Indeed was little worth\n    To make the others laugh,\n    Though for a time he did,\n    Which somewhat cheered his heart,\n    But, as the days went on,\n    They wearied of the sound,\n    And, when they saw him come,\n    Turned off another way;\n    Which vexed him to the heart,\n    So that one day he went\n    Alone into the woods\n    And there he slew himself.\n\n    The dark and evil demon,\n    The sprite of the night-air,\n    P\u02bem\u00fbla named by some,\n    From whom the gift had come,\n    Swooped down from clouds on high,\n    And bore his soul away\n    To the dwelling place of darkness\n    And men heard of him no more.\n\n    Now \u2019tis a thing well known\n    To all the Indians\n    Who keep the holy faith\n    Of the good olden time,\n    That there are wondrous dwellers\n    Deep in the silent woods,\n    Such as the elves and fairies\n    Who are called by different names;\n    In Micmac Wig\u016dlad\u016dm\u016bch\u016dk\n    But by the Passamaquoddy\n    W\u02ben\u00e2g\u02bem\u00e9swuk. They\n    Can work strange deeds and sing\n    Such songs of magic power\n    As charm the wildest beasts\n    And tame the wolf and bear\n    And soothe the wolverine.\n    From them and them alone\n    Are brought the magic pipes,\n    Or flutes, which sometimes pass\n    To sorcerers or great braves.\n    When these are played upon\n    Women who hear the tone\n    Are all bewitched with love,\n    And the moose and caribou\n    Follow the winning sound,\n    Yes, even to their death;\n    And when the forest elves\n    Are pleased with anyone\n    They make of him an elf\n    E\u2019en like unto themselves.\n\n    Back in the olden time\n    There was an Indian town\n    In which dwelt two young men,\n    Kekw\u00e2j\u00fb the Badger,\n    And the other K\u00e2ktugw\u00e2\u00e2sis,\n    The Little Thunder. They\n    Chanced to hear that Kul\u00f3skap\n    Would give to anyone\n    Whatever he desired:\n\n    And so they went their way\n    On the long pilgrimage\n    For many years, until\n    They reached the wondrous isle\n    Where the great Master dwelt,\n    Where first they met Dame Bear,\n    Then Marten, and at last\n    The mighty Lord himself\n    Who welcomed them with grace.\n\n    Then all sat down to a meal,\n    But all that was placed before them\n    Was one small dish of meat,\n    A very tiny morsel.\n    Then the elder of the pilgrims,\n    A reckless jolly fellow,\n    Thinking it was a joke\n    And that he was mocked for sport,\n    Cut off nearly all the meat,\n    And ate it. Then what was left\n    Grew at once to its former size;\n    So it went on, and all\n    Ate all that they desired,\n    And found the food of the best,\n    And when the meal was over\n    The dish was as full as before.\n\n    Now of these two, the Badger\n    Had set his heart on becoming\n    A wig\u02belad\u02bem\u00fbch or fairy,\n    Which would give him magic power\n    While the other wished to win\n    A very beautiful girl,\n    The daughter of a chief,\n    A most powerful Sagamore,\n    Who set such cruel tasks\n    To all who came to woo her\n    That all who had made the trial\n    Thus far had come to their deaths.\n\n    Then the Master took the Badger\n    Who sought initiation\n    Into the occult art,\n    And by a wondrous trick\n    Covered him all with filth\n    And put him to utter shame\n    Then led him down to the river\n    Where he washed him clean, and gave him\n    A beautiful change of clothing.\n    And, combing his hair, placed on it\n    A fillet of wondrous virtue;\n    For when he had bound it on\n    He became a wig\u02belad\u02bem\u00fbch\n    A fairy and enchanter,\n    No longer a common mortal,\n    But one of the elfin world.[18]\n\n    And as he wished to excel\n    In magic song and music,\n    The Master gave him a flute,\n    Which would charm all living beings;\n    And, singing, he bade him join\n    In the air, and as he did so,\n    He found he knew all the art;\n    And from that day, thereafter,\n    He had a wondrous voice.\n\n    Now to seek the beautiful girl\n    It was needful that the lover\n    Should sail far over the sea;\n    And during this adventure\n    The B\u016b\u02be\u016bin or magician\n    Was charged to take all care\n    Of K\u00e2ktugw\u00e2\u00e2s, the Thunder;\n    And therefore he begged the Master\n    To lend him his canoe,\n    To which Kul\u00f3skap answered,\n    \u201cI will gladly lend it to thee\n    If thou\u2019lt honestly return it\n    When thou needest it no more.\n    For I tell thee in very truth\n    I never yet did intrust it\n    To any mortal man\n    But what in the end I had to\n    Go after it myself.\u201d\n\n    Then the Badger solemnly swore\n    That, as he was an honest Indian,\n    He would, when the need was over,\n    Indeed return the canoe.\n    For never in all his life\n    Had he stolen any _Kw\u00e9d\u016dn_\n    (Canoe) nor borrowed anything\n    Without returning it promptly.\n\n    But when they came to the bay\n    There was no canoe to be seen,\n    But not very far away,\n    There arose a little island\n    Of granite which was covered\n    With pine-trees, tall and waving.\n    \u201cSee--that is my canoe!\u201d\n    The Master said to them smiling,\n    And when he took them on it\n    They found that it was indeed\n    A great and large canoe\n    With lofty masts, and sails--\n    So the two went forth rejoicing.\n\n    Then they sailed on and came\n    To a large and beautiful island\n    Where they carefully hid the canoe.\n    Ere long they came to a village\n    That of the Sagamore,\n    The father of the girl\n    For whom many had lost their lives.\n    And, having come to his wigwam,\n    They entered and were welcomed\n    And placed on the seat of honor,\n    And sat at the evening meal.\n    Now \u2019tis of old the custom\n    When an Indian seeks a wife,\n    Be it from her father or friends,\n    He makes small ado about it,\n    And only utters two words\n    Which mean in the Micmac language:\n    \u201cI am tired of living alone.\u201d\n\n    And the Sagamore hearing this,\n    Consented that Little Thunder\n    Should marry her whom he sought,\n    But on several conditions--\n    The first that he should slay\n    And bring to him the head\n    Of a certain horrible monster,\n    Like to a wingless dragon,\n    The dreadful and horned Chip\u00edchk\u00e2m.\n    So this was agreed upon,\n    Then the strangers went to their cabin\n    And all the world to sleep.\n\n    All save the wise B\u016b\u02be\u016bin\n    Who soon arose from his bed,\n    And went alone and afar,\n    Till he came to the den of the monster\n    In a gaping gulf in the ground.\n    Over the hole he laid\n    A mighty log, and began\n    The magic dance round the den;\n    Then the serpent or great Chip\u00edchk\u00e2m,\n    Hearing the call, came forth,\n    Putting out his head from the hole,\n    And weaving it about\n    After the manner of snakes.\n    While he was doing this,\n    He rested his head for an instant\n    On the over-arching log,\n    When, with a blow of his hatchet\n    The Indian severed the neck;\n    Then, taking the head by one\n    Of its shining yellow horns,\n    He bore it to his friend\n    Who gave it in the morning\n    Unto the chief, who said:\n    \u201cThis time I fear indeed,\n    That I must lose my child,\n    Yet thou hast more to do.\u201d\n\n    More indeed, for the chief\n    Said, \u201cLook at yonder hill,\n    I fain would see my son\n    Coast down it on a sled.\u201d\n    Now the hill was indeed a mountain.\n    Its sides were very steep,\n    Ragged with rocks and holes\n    And terrible with trees\n    And rough with snow and ice.\n\n    Then they brought out two toboggans,\n    One for the strangers. This\n    The Badger should direct;\n    While on the other sat\n    Two great and powerful men,\n    And these were B\u016b\u02be\u016binuk\n    Or sorcerers who were skilled\n    In sledding, and they hoped\n    To see the others soon\n    Fall out upon the ground,\n    And then to run over them.\n\n    And at the word they went\n    Flying at fearful speed\n    Adown the mountain side,\n    And ever faster still\n    As if to headlong death.\n    Soon he who sought the girl\n    Went whirling from his sled,\n    And the two sorcerers howled\n    In triumph an hurrah!\n    For they knew not that this was done\n    By their enemy that he\n    Might get them before his sledge.\n    Then he put forth his arm,\n    And seizing the younger man\n    Turned for a pace aside,\n    And then again shot on.\n    Then the sorcerers stopped,\n    Thinking that those before\n    Were checked and at an end;\n    When lo! their enemy\n    In his sled shot over their heads,\n    And over a mighty wall\n    Of ice, as a bird might fly\n    High above all in the air;\n    Then, touching the ground once more,\n    Ran with tremendous speed,\n    First down into the vale,\n    Then up, and ever up\n    Upon the opposite hill\n    Where the village stood, till it struck\n    The wigwam of the chief,\n    Ripping it all in two.\n    Again the Sagamore said:\n    \u201cThis time I fear indeed\n    That I must lose my child:\n    Yet thou hast more to do!\u201d\n\n    Yes, and far more to do:\n    For then the Sagamore said:\n    \u201cI have a runner here,\n    A man so fleet of foot\n    That never in his life\n    Has he been overcome,\n    And thou must strive with him\n    And gain the victory\n    Ere thou canst win thy wife.\u201d\n    So then the race was set,\n    And Thunder should compete,\n    But at the time his friend\n    Lent him the magic pipe\n    Which gave him wondrous power\n    Over all dark sorcery\n    Such as B\u016b\u02be\u016binuk use\n    And witches dark and vile.\n\n    Now when the pair had met\n    The youth said: \u201cWho art thou?\u201d\n    And the sorcerer replied:\n    \u201cI am the Wegadusk\u02be;\u201d\n    Which means the Northern Lights,\n    \u201cBut tell me who art thou?\u201d\n    \u201cI am Wosogwoesk,\n    Chain-lightning is my name,\u201d\n    The Thunder answering said.\n    And, as the race was run\n    All in the early morn,\n    Then in an instant both\n    No longer were in sight.\n    They were far, far away\n    Beyond the distant hills;\n    Then, waiting, all sat still,\n    Till long before the noon\n    Chain-lightning came again;\n    He showed no weariness,\n    Nor was he out of breath,\n    Yet had gone through the world.\n    Then all sat still again\n    Till evening, when they saw\n    The Northern Light return\n    Completely, sadly tired;\n    He quivered and he shook\n    As beaten by fatigue,\n    Yet for all that the Light\n    Had not been through the world,\n    For, coming to the south,\n    The heat had sent him home.\n    Again the Sagamore said,\n    \u201cThis time I fear again\n    That I must lose my child,\n    Yet thou hast more to do.\u201d\n\n    The Sagamore had a man\n    Whom none could overcome\n    In swimming of all kinds,\n    Or diving in the sea;\n    With him the youth must strive.\n    And when they met, the Badger\n    Asked him, \u201cWhat is thy name?\u201d\n    And he replied, \u201cI am\n    Ukchig\u02bem\u00fbech (Sea Duck),\n    But tell me who art thou?\u201d\n    He answer\u00e8d \u201cThe Kw\u00eem\u00fb,\u201d\n    That is, \u201cthe Loon,\u201d and then\n    They dived from a high rock\n    Deep down into the sea.\n    Ere long the Sea Duck rose\n    Again to get his breath,\n    But long the Indians\n    Waited and watched until\n    They saw the Loon again.\n    An hour passed, and then\n    Another hour, before\n    He rose from the deep sea.\n    But when at last he came,\n    The Sagamore sadly said,\n    \u201cThis is the end of all\n    Our weary work, for now,\n    I have truly lost my child!\u201d\n\n    Yet it was not the end\n    Of all the curious deeds\n    Which they beheld, before\n    The strangers took their leave.\n    For, when the wedding came\n    In the evening of that day,\n    There was a general dance,\n    A wild festivity,\n    At which the wizard bold\n    Astonished every one;\n    For as he danced around\n    On the hard beaten floor,\n    They saw his feet sink in\n    Deeper at every step,\n    And ever deeper still\n    As the strange dance went on,\n    Still ploughing up the ground\n    In ridges rough and high,\n    Forming a trench, until\n    His head and nothing more\n    Could from without be seen.\n    That ended all the dance,\n    Since no one after him\n    Save wizards or a witch\n    Could dance on such a floor.\n\n    The bridegroom and the bride,\n    With them the wizard bold,\n    Then entered the canoe\n    And sailed away toward home;\n    Yet they had more to meet,\n    And trials to endure,\n    Though of no dangerous kind;\n    \u2019Tis said they were but jests\n    Played by the Master\u2019s skill.\n    For they had not gone far,\n    When right before their path\n    They saw an awful storm\n    Coming to meet them. He\n    Who had the elfin power\n    Knew that it had been raised\n    By sorcery, because\n    The tempests which are due\n    To hidden magic power\n    Are ever worst of all.\n    So without fear he rose\n    And sang the sorcerer\u2019s song,\n    And, filling lungs and cheeks\n    With air, he blew against\n    The rising hurricane,\n    Wind against wind until\n    He blew the wind away,\n    Then all the mighty flood\n    Was smooth as smooth could be:\n\n    So they sailed ever on\n    Over a sunlit sea,\n    And yet it was not long\n    Ere the elf-gifted one\n    Saw rising \u2019mid the waves\n    A dark and curious form,\n    That of a monstrous beast\n    Fast-coming as a foe,\n    And then they knew it was\n    The Giant Beaver, called\n    Kw\u00e2b\u00eet, in fearful rage;\n    But when the mighty one\n    Saw this, he sailed direct\n    Even at the monster\u2019s jaws,\n    And, coming to him, said:\n    \u201cLo, I am the great foe\n    Of all thy race and called\n    The Beaver-Hunter; I,\n    Am he who butchers them;\n    Full many a one ere now\n    Has perished by my hand.\u201d[19]\n    Kw\u00e2b\u00eet had placed himself\n    Under the water, with\n    His tail upraised above\n    The level of the waves,\n    That he might sink the barque\n    With one tremendous blow,\n    As is the Beaver\u2019s way;\n    But he of magic power\n    With well directed stroke\n    Of the _tum\u00eeh\u00eeg\u02ben_, or\n    His tomahawk, then cut\n    The body from the tail,\n    Leaving the Beaver dead;\n    Then blithely sailed away.\n\n    Yet had they not gone far\n    When coming round a point\n    They saw another beast,\n    Also of giant size,\n    Waiting to be their death;\n    Ab\u00fakchel\u00fb the Skunk,\n    A thing which many dread\n    More than a raging wolf;\n    And he, too, had his tail\n    Uplifted in the air;\n    But, ere the brute could make\n    His hideous attack,\n    The wary gifted one\n    Caught up his hunting spear,\n    And, hurling it with haste,\n    So pierced Ab\u00fakchel\u00fb,\n    That father of the skunks,\n    That down he fell and died.\n    Thrice did he kick in pain\n    Before he passed away.\n    So then the gifted one,\n    Stepping upon the shore,\n    Took up a long dead pine\n    Which lay upon the shore,\n    And, as he stuck its point\n    Into Ab\u00fakchel\u00fb,\n    Lifted him high in air,\n    And, fastening the tree\n    Firmly into the ground,\n    Left him, and said with scorn,\n    Even as he turned away;\n    \u201cJust show your tail now, there!\u201d\n\n    And ever they sailed on\n    Over the silver sea,\n    O\u2019er blue and dancing waves,\n    Till home they came with joy,\n    And at the landing place\n    They saw the Master stand;\n    And his first words were, \u201cWell!\n    I see, my friends, that you\n    Have brought me my canoe\n    All safely back again.\u201d\n    And they replied, \u201cWe have.\u201d\n    And gayly he inquired\n    \u201cHas all gone well with you?\u201d\n    And when he thus had said,\n    He laughed and let them know\n    \u2019Twas he in all their trials\n    And triumphs who had worked\n    And brought it all to pass.\n\n    Then to the gifted one\n    He said, \u201cNow go in peace\n    Thy way with these thy friends;\n    Lead ever happy lives\n    There in the elfin world\n    Deep in the forest-shades,\n    Far in the silent land\n    Of flowers and mystery.\n    But of this thing be sure,\n    If any care should come\n    Unto you, think of me\n    And I will give you aid.\u201d\n\n    They rose and went their way.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[18] All of this corresponds accurately to the ancient Greek and\nRoman initiation to the Mysteries, in which the hair-string or fillet\nplayed a prominent part.          L.\n\n[19] This is oddly like the declaration of the Beaver Killer in The\nHunting of the Snark, in fact, it is almost identical with it. But\nthe Rand MS. in which it occurs was written many years before the\nlatter work appeared.\n\n\n\n\n                                 III\n\n                        KUL\u00d3SKAP AND THE FOOL\n\n                              [_Micmac_]\n\n                    _Kes saak: Nigumaach ut\n                     Agunudum\u00e2kun Kl\u00fbsk\u00e2bel._[20]\n\n\n    \u201cOf the old times the tale is,\n    A story of Kul\u00f3skap,\u201d\n    Unto whom there went full many\n    When they heard that all could have\n    Whatever they desired;\n    And truly he gave them all\n    Whate\u2019er it was they asked for,\n    But whether they got their wish\n    Depended on the wisdom\n    Which they showed when it was won.\n\n    Now the Master liked it not\n    If, when he had plainly told\n    What it was that one must do,\n    That man should double on him\n    Or quibble, or disobey.\n    So then it came to pass\n    That a certain fool of the kind\n    Who never can do aught\n    Without a twist or a turn\n    In his own peculiar way,\n    Went a long journey to ask\n    A favor of the Lord.\n    His trials were many and sore;\n    He came unto a chain\n    Of mountains exceeding high,\n    In a dark and lonely land\n    Wherein no sound was heard;\n    And the ascent was hard\n    As climbing a slippery pole.\n    And the going down\n    Or descent on the other side\n    Was more ungrateful still,\n    For \u2019twas all a precipice\n    With broken, crumbly edge\n    Which overhung a gulf;\n    Yet it was worse beyond.\n    For there the road led on\n    Between the hideous heads\n    Of two great serpents, which\n    Did almost touch their lips,\n    And darted terrible tongues\n    At those who went between.\n    And yet again \u2019twas worse\n    When the way passed under a wall,\n    The awful Wall of Death\n    Which hung like a dreadful cloud\n    Over a dismal plain,\n    Rising and falling at times;\n    Yet when, no one could know.\n    So those who were beneath\n    When it fell and struck the ground\n    Were ever crushed to death.\n\n    Yet he escaped all this\n    And came to the Master\u2019s home\n    Where he was well received,\n    And dwelt for many days;\n    And when the Master asked\n    What \u2019twas that he would have?\n    He answered, \u201cIf my Lord\n    Will give me a medicine\n    Which will cure me of every ill,\n    I shall be well content.\u201d\n    And he asked for nothing more.\n    Then the Master gave to him\n    A little package, and said:\n    \u201cHerein is that which thou seek\u2019st\n    But I charge thee solemnly\n    That thou lettest not thine eyes\n    Behold what is therein,\n    Till thou shalt have reached thy home.\u201d\n    So he thanked the Lord, and left.\n\n    Yet he was not far away\n    Ere he longed to open the gift,\n    And test the medicine,\n    And still more the Master\u2019s truth.\n    And so he said to himself:\n    \u201cIf this be all deceit,\n    It was very shrewdly planned,\n    To bid me not open it\n    Until I should be at home.\n    Tush! If the medicine\n    Is really what I required\n    It cannot lose its power.\n    In truth I will test it now.\u201d\n    So he opened it--when lo!\n    All that which was therein\n    Fell to the ground and spread\n    As water, everywhere,\n    And then like a summer mist\n    As quickly melted away.\n    So when he returned to his home\n    He was mocked by one and all.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[20] This is a story about Kul\u00f3skap of long ago.\n\n\n\n\n                                  IV\n\n                 THE THREE BROTHERS WHO BECAME TREES\n\n                     [_Passamaquoddy and Micmac_]\n\n    _Nequt nikt nsapihioak udelabasinia unachihonamih\u00e1nia\n     Kelhosilichil naga omsnamnia eli-bawatmotit uch negum._[21]\n\n\n    There were three brothers, who\n    Had made the pilgrimage\n    To seek the Lord of Life,\n    And win their wishes. One\n    Was wondrous great and tall,\n    The tallest in the land;\n    Of this he was right proud,\n    For he was one of those\n    Who slyly put soft clay\n    Into their moccasins\n    That they may be admired\n    By folk of lesser size,\n    And win the love of squaws.\n    And his hair was plastered up\n    To stand on high, and on\n    The summit of it was\n    A very long turkey tail;\n    But what this man desired\n    Was to be taller still.\n    The second brother asked\n    That he might ever live\n    Where he might behold the land\n    And all the beauty of it,\n    And do naught else save rest\n    In peace forever more.\n    And the third one asked to live\n    Unto a great old age,\n    And ever be in health\n    Till he should pass away.\n\n    Now when they came to the isle\n    They found three lodges there,\n    And in two of them were men\n    Who are not spoken of\n    In any of the tales\n    Which I have ever heard:\n    In one dwelt Kulpujot--\n    A wondrous one indeed!\n    For there is not a bone in him,\n    Yet every spring and autumn\n    He is \u201crolled over with hand-spikes\u201d\n    By order of the Lord;\n    And this is what his name\n    Means in the Micmac tongue.\n    In the autumn he is turned\n    Over towards the West,\n    But in spring towards the East;\n    And the meaning of it all\n    Is the seasons of the year\n    As they follow in their course.\n\n    He with his breath alone\n    Can sweep all armies forth,\n    And with his looks alone\n    Perform most wondrous things;\n    This means what weather can do\n    With sunshine, frost and ice,\n    Which are felt in everything.\n\n    And in the other dwelt\n    Kuhkw, which in Micmac means,\n    The Earthquake. This great man\n    Can pass beneath the ground,\n    And make the mountains shake,\n    And tremble by his power.\n\n    Now when the Lord had heard\n    What it was that they desired,\n    He bade the Earthquake come\n    And put them with their feet\n    Fast planted in the ground.\n    And when \u2019twas done, the three\n    At once were turned to trees;\n    To pines, as one tale tells,\n    Or cedars, as some say;\n    In either case each man\n    Received what he required.\n\n    Thus, he who would be tall\n    Became exceeding great,\n    For his head rose o\u2019er the wood\n    Even as a giant pine;\n    Nor was the top-feather forgotten;\n    It waves in the wind to this hour.\n    And on a summer day\n    Who listens in a pine wood,\n    May hear the trees a murmuring\n    In the soft Indian tongue\n    All of the olden time:\n    (\u201c_\u00ce n\u012dl etuchi nek m\u02bekilask\u00eetap\n    \u00ce n\u012dl etuchi nek m\u02bekilusk\u00edjin_\u201d)\n    \u201cOh, I\u2019m such a great man!\n    Oh, I\u2019m such a big Indian!\u201d\n\n    And the second brother, who wished\n    To remain in peace in the land,\n    So stays, for while his roots\n    Are in the ground he _must_ do so;\n    And the third, who fain would live\n    To the end in perfect health,\n    Unless they\u2019ve cut him down\n    Is standing as of yore.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[21] Once there were three brothers who went to see the Lord of Life\nand get their wishes from him.\n\n\n\n\n                                  V\n\n                    KUL\u00d3SKAP AND THE WISE WISHERS\n\n                              [_Micmac_]\n\n                      _Kes saak; kes saak._[22]\n\n\n    All of the olden time.\n    Now when \u2019twas noised abroad\n    That whoever sought the Master\n    Could obtain the wish of his heart,\n    There were three men who said:\n    \u201cLet us seek the Lord and see\n    If this be truly so.\u201d\n    So they left their home in the spring\n    When the bluebird began his song,\n    And walked till the autumn frosts,\n    And then into the winter,\n    Ever steadily onward\n    Till the next midsummer came;\n    And being in a forest\n    They found a winding path\n    Which they followed till they came\n    To a very beautiful river\n    Which led to a great fair lake;\n    And still they kept to the path,\n    Yet where it failed, the trees\n    Were blazed, or the bark removed\n    On the side of the trunk, but ever\n    Opposite to the place\n    Where the wigwam or village lies\n    Towards which the pathway leads,\n    So the mark can aye be seen\n    As the traveller goes to the goal,\n    But not while leaving it.\n\n    Then after a time they came\n    To a long point of land\n    Which ran into the lake,\n    Where, having climbed a hill,\n    They saw in the distance smoke;\n    Guided by this they came\n    To a large and beautiful hut;\n    And entering it they found,\n    Seated upon the right,\n    A handsome stately man\n    Like a chief of middle age,\n    And on the left a woman,\n    So old and so decrepit\n    That it seemed as if a century\n    Or more had made her life;\n    And opposite the door\n    Was a mat which seemed to show\n    That some other had there a place.\n\n    And the Master made them welcome\n    And spoke as if he were\n    Well pleased to see them there,\n    But asked not whence they came,\n    Or whither they were going,\n    As others are wont to do.\n\n    Ere long they heard the sound\n    As of a paddle outside,\n    And the noise of a canoe\n    When it is drawn ashore.\n\n    Then in there came a youth\n    Of beautiful form and features,\n    Well clad and bearing weapons\n    As if returned from the chase;\n    Who addressed the woman _Kej\u00fb!_\n    Which is in the Micmac, \u201cMother;\u201d\n    And told her he had game.\n    So then, with sore ado,\n    For she was very weak,\n    The old dame tottered out\n    And brought in one by one\n    Four beavers; but she had\n    Such trouble to cut them up,\n    That the elder of the pilgrims\n    Said to the youngest, \u201c_Nch\u00edg\u016dn\u016dm!_\n    My brother--do thou the work.\u201d\n\n    And so they supped on beaver,\n    And then they stayed for a week,\n    Resting themselves in comfort,\n    For all were sadly worn,\n    And also utterly ragged;\n    But then there came to pass\n    A wonderful thing which showed\n    That they were in fairy land,\n    For the master said to the youth,\n    \u201cGo wash the mother\u2019s face!\u201d\n    He did so--when all her wrinkles\n    Vanished, and she became\n    Very young and fair:\n    The travellers had never\n    In all their lives beheld\n    A maid so beautiful:\n    Her hair, once white and scanty,\n    Now hung to her very feet,\n    It was as dark and glossy\n    As any blackbird\u2019s breast;\n    And, clad in fine array,\n    She showed a tall lithe form,\n    Graceful, in all points perfect.\n\n    Then the travellers said to themselves,\n    \u201cTruly this Sagamore is\n    A very great magician.\u201d\n    With him they all walked forth\n    To see the place where he dwelt,\n    They never had felt the sunshine\n    So soft and so sweetly tempered\n    By a cooling gentle breeze;\n    For all in that land was fair,\n    And day by day grew fairer\n    To all who dwelt therein:\n    Tall trees, with richest leafage\n    And many fragrant flowers,\n    Grew everywhere in groves\n    Without any lower limbs,\n    And clear of underbrush,\n    Wide as a forest; yet\n    The eye could pierce the distance\n    In any or every way.\n\n    Now when for the first time\n    They felt that they had come\n    Into another life,\n    An ever-enchanted land,\n    The Master gently questioned\n    And asked them whence they came,\n    And what it was they sought;\n    They said they sought Kul\u00f3skap,\n    And he answered, \u201cI am he!\u201d\n\n    Then they were awed by his presence,\n    For now a wondrous glory\n    And majesty showed in him.\n    For as the woman had changed,\n    So he, and he seemed divine.\n\n    Then the elder pilgrim said:\n    \u201cLo, I am a wicked man\n    Accursed with furious moods,\n    Given to wrath and reviling;\n    Yet I would fain be gentle,\n    Pious and meek and good.\u201d\n\n    And the second said: \u201cI am poor,\n    My life is very hard,\n    And, though I toil unceasing,\n    I can barely make a living,\n    And I would fain be rich.\u201d\n\n    And the third replied, \u201cThough proud,\n    I am of low estate,\n    Being despised and scorned,\n    While I long to be respected\n    And loved by every one.\u201d\n\n    And to all of these the Master\n    Made answer, \u201cSo shall it be!\u201d\n\n    Then, taking from his belt\n    His powerful _upsinai_,\n    That is his medicine-bag,\n    He gave unto each Indian\n    A little box and bade him\n    Keep it well closed, nor heed it\n    Till he should reach his home.\n    Then he led them to the wigwam\n    And gave them all new garments,\n    Exceedingly rich apparel,\n    The like of which the pilgrims\n    Had never seen before.\n\n    Then, when it was time to depart,\n    Since they knew not the way\n    Unto their home, he rose\n    And went with them for a distance.\n    A year had they been in coming,\n    But having put on his belt\n    He led them and they followed,\n    Till, ere the afternoon,\n    He took them to the top\n    Of a lofty mountain, from which\n    Afar off they beheld\n    Another, whose outline blue\n    Rose lofty o\u2019er the plain.\n    Yet it seemed so far away\n    They thought \u2019twould be a week\n    Ere they should gain its top,\n    But the Master led them on,\n    And in the afternoon\n    Of the day when they first beheld it,\n    Lo, they were on the summit!\n    And looking from this afar,\n    All seemed familiar to them:\n    The plains and hills and river,\n    And wood and dale and valley--\n    It was their native land!\n    \u201cAnd there,\u201d said the Master to them\n    \u201cThere lies your village home.\u201d\n\n    So he left them on the mountain,\n    And they went on their way.\n    Before the sun had set\n    They were among their people,\n    Each by his wigwam fire;\n    At first sight no one knew them,\n    Because of a wondrous change;\n    The like of their fair attire\n    Had never in those days\n    Been seen by any man.\n    But when they made themselves known,\n    All gathered round to behold them,\n    In wonder or silent awe,\n    Or to listen to their adventures,\n    And truly all were amazed.\n\n    Then each man opened his box,\n    And found therein an unguent\n    Exceedingly rich and fragrant,\n    With which they rubbed themselves\n    From head to foot completely.\n    And always from that day\n    The three smelt so divinely\n    That all who could draw near them\n    Were ever in delight;\n    And happy were the Indians\n    Who could get a single whiff\n    Of that celestial fragrance\n    Spread by them all around!\n\n    Now he who had been despised\n    For his deformity,\n    Leanness, weakness, and meanness,\n    Became as grand and stately,\n    As beautiful and graceful,\n    As the fairest pine of the forest;\n    There was in all the land\n    No man so much admired,\n    And his people were proud of him.\n\n    He who desired abundance,\n    Had it in fullest measure,\n    The wild deer came to his arrows,\n    The fish leaped into his nets;\n    As he gave freely to all,\n    All gave as freely to him.\n\n    And he who had been wicked,\n    Hasty and wild and cruel,\n    Became as meek and gentle,\n    Calm and ever forbearing\n    Making others like himself;\n    He had ever a blessing on him,\n    As there ever is upon those\n    Who make their wishes with wisdom,\n    For such folk shall be happy\n    Unto the end of their days.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[22] Long ago; long ago.\n\n\n\n\n                                  VI\n\n                HOW KUL\u00d3SKAP WAS CONQUERED BY THE BABE\n\n                            [_Penobscot_]\n\n               _Yut nit nekani agnod\u02bem\u00e2gon uch Kul\u00f3skap\n                     Elak\u02benotmotits pi\u02beche._[23]\n\n\n    All of the olden time.\n                        They tell this tale\n    Of great Kul\u00f3skap. He had conquered all\n    Of his worst enemies, even the Kiwa\u02bekw\n    Who were ice-giant ghouls, and over them,\n    M\u02bedeolin\u02bewak or sorcerers\n    And P\u02bem\u00fbla the night air\u2019s evil spirit,\n    And every manner of uncanny ghosts,\n    Grim witches, devils, goblins, cannibals,\n    And the dark demons of the forest shade.\n    And now he paused, and, thinking o\u2019er his deeds,\n    Long wondered if his work was at an end.\n\n    This thought unto a certain wife he told--\n    A clever woman with a ready tongue--\n    And she replied: \u201cO Master--not so fast!\n    For One there still remains whom no man yet\n    Has ever overcome in any strife\n    Or got the better of in any way;\n    And who will ever, as I oft have heard,\n    Remain unconquered to the end of time.\u201d\n    \u201cAnd who is he?\u201d inquired the Lord, amazed.\n\n    \u201cIt is the mighty Wa\u02besis,\u201d she replied:\n    \u201cAnd there he sits before you on the floor!\n    And mark my words--if you do trouble him,\n    He\u2019ll cause you greater trouble in the end!\u201d\n\n    Now Wa\u02besis was the Baby. And he sat\n    Upon the floor, in baby peace profound\n    Sucking a piece of maple sugar sweet;\n    Greatly content and troubling nobody.\n\n    Now as the mighty Lord of Men and Beasts\n    Had never married, nor had had a child,\n    The art of nursing or of managing\n    Such little ones was all unknown to him;\n    And therefore he was sure, as all such folk\n    Invariably are, be they or maids\n    Or blooming bachelors, that he at least\n    Knew all about it and would have his way,\n    And make the young obey him. So the Lord\n    Turned to the babe with a bewitching smile,\n    And bade the little creature come to him;\n    Back smiled the baby, but it did not budge.\n\n    And then the Master spoke in sweeter tone,\n    Making his voice like that of summer birds,\n    And all to no avail; for Wa\u02besis sat,\n    And, sucking at his sugar silently,\n    Looked at Kul\u00f3skap with untroubled eyes.\n\n    So then the Lord as in great anger frowned\n    And ordered Wa\u02besis in an awful voice\n    To crawl to him at once. And baby burst\n    Into wild tears, and high he raised his voice\n    Unto a squall tremendous--yet for all\n    Did never move an inch from where he sat.\n\n    Then, since he could do only one thing more,\n    The Master had recourse to sorcery\n    And used the awful spells, and sang the songs\n    Which raise the dead and scare the devils wild\n    And send the witches howling to their graves,\n    And make the forest pines bend low to earth.\n    And Wa\u02besis looked at him admiringly\n    And seemed to find it interesting, quite;\n    Yet, peacefully as ever kept his place.\n\n    So, in despair, Kul\u00f3skap gave it up,\n    And Wa\u02besis, ever sitting on the floor\n    In the warm sunshine, went \u201cGoo! goo!\u201d and crowed;\n    That was his infant crow of victory.\n\n    Now to this very day, whene\u2019er you see\n    A baby well contented, crying \u201cGoo!\u201d\n    Or crowing in this style, know that it is\n    Because he then remembers in great joy\n    How he in strife, all in the olden time,\n    Did overcome the Master, conqueror\n    Of all the world. For that, of creatures all,\n    Or beings which on earth have ever been\n    Since the beginning, Baby is alone\n    The never yielding and invincible.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[23] This is an old story of Kul\u00f3skap. They told it long ago.\n\n\n\n\n                            =Canto Third=\n\n                      THE MASTER AND THE ANIMALS\n\n\n\n\n                                  I\n\n                        KUL\u00d3SKAP AND THE LOONS\n\n                     [_Micmac and Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                   _Kul\u00f3skap umimat netinniasp\u02benil\n                    Winpeul k\u02bechi mteolinul._[24]\n\n\n    While the Master was pursuing\n    Winpe the giant magician,\n    One day at Uktuk\u00e2mkw\n    He saw afar in the distance\n    Over the silent water,\n    Far away in the sunset,\n    Kw\u00eem\u00fb\u016dk (the Loons) a-flying.\n    Thence did their chief in a circle\n    Lead them around the lake;\n    Yet ever drawing nearer\n    To the Home of Beasts and Men;\n    And as he came, the Master\n    Said: \u201cWhat is thy will, O Kw\u00eem\u00fb?\u201d\n\n[Illustration: =Kul\u00f3skap and the Loons=]\n\n    To whom the Loon replied\n    \u201cI fain would be thy servant,\n    Thy servant and thy friend.\u201d\n    Then the Master taught them a cry,\n    A strange long cry like the howl\n    Of a dog when he calls to the moon,\n    Or when, far away in the forest,\n    He seeks to find his master;\n    And told them when they required him\n    To utter this long strange cry.\n\n    Now it came to pass long after\n    The Master in Ukt\u00e2k\u016dmk\u00fbk\n    (The which is Newfoundland)\n    Came to an Indian village\n    And all who dwelt therein\n    Were Kw\u00eem\u00fb\u016dk, who had been\n    Loons in the time before;\n    And now they were very glad\n    As men to see once more\n    The Master who had blessed them\n    When they were only birds;\n    Therefore he made them his huntsmen,\n    Also his messengers;\n    Hence comes that in all the stories\n    Which are told of the mighty Master\n    The Loons are ever his friends;\n    And the Indians when they hear\n    The cry of the Loons, exclaim:\n    \u201c_Kw\u00eem\u00fb elkomt\u00fbejul\n    Kul\u00f3skap\u016dl_,\u201d \u201cThe Loon is calling\n    Kul\u00f3skap,\u201d the Master.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[24] Kul\u00f3skap used to fight with Winpe the great wizard.\n\n\n\n\n                                  II\n\n                       KUL\u00d3SKAP AND THE BEAVER\n\n                              [_Micmac_]\n\n                      _Kul\u00f3skap naga Kw\u00e2b\u00eet._[25]\n\n\n    Over all the land\n    Of the Wabanaki,\n    The Land of the Break of Day,\n    There is never a place\n    Where the hand of Kul\u00f3skap\n    Made not a mark.\n    It is seen on hills and rivers,\n    On the great roads through mountains,\n    As well as on mighty rocks\n    Which once were living monsters.\n\n    Such is the wonderful highway\n    Running along the river\n    Called Herbert--the road which is named\n    By white men the Boar\u2019s Back,\n    By Indians Onwokun,\n    Which is their word for Causeway.\n\n    The tale is told of Kul\u00f3skap\n    That, once while travelling\n    To visit Partridge Island\n    And then Cape Blomidon,\n    His friends were tired of rowing,\n    Tired of travel by water,\n    And wished to cross by land;\n    And, while they all were resting,\n    The Master, raising his magic\n    Unto a mighty deed\n    To be spoken of forever,\n    Went away for a little time\n    And cast up a giant ridge,\n    A wide and beautiful level\n    Over great bogs and streams,\n    And across this they travelled\n    Rejoicing, to await him.\n\n    And yet again the Master\n    Did a very wondrous deed;\n    For it came to pass in those days\n    That the beavers had built a dam\n    From \u00c2\u00fbkogeg\u00e9chk or Blomidon,\n    Even unto the opposite shore,\n    And thereby made a pond\n    Which filled up all the valley.\n    Now in those times the beavers\n    Were beasts of monstrous size,\n    And the Master, though kind of heart,\n    Seems to have had indeed\n    But little love for them\n    Since the day when young Kw\u00e2b\u00eetsis,\n    The son of the Great Beaver,\n    Tempted Malsum to slay his brother\n    In the very early time.\n    Now to this very day\n    They find the bones of these beavers;\n    There are many on Unamagik,\n    Their teeth are six inches wide,\n    There are no such beavers to-day!\n    And these are indeed the bones\n    Of the beavers who built the dam\n    Across at Cape Blomidon\n    And crossed the Annapolis Valley.\n\n    Now the Master would fain go hunting,\n    And thereby do a deed\n    Which should equal the great whale-fishing\n    Of Kitp\u00fbsiig\u02ben\u00e2\u00fb.\n\n    So he cut the great dam near the shore,\n    And he bade the boy Marten watch;\n    For he said, \u201cI greatly suspect\n    That there is a little beaver\n    Who is hiding hereabouts.\u201d\n    And when the dam was cut\n    From where it joined the shore,\n    There was a mighty rush,\n    And the roar of many waters,\n    So that the beaver dam,\n    Which was made of giant trees\n    Deftly fastened together,\n    Swung full around to the westward;\n    And yet it did not break\n    Away from the other shore.\n    Therefore the end of it lodged\n    With a great split therein\n    When the flood had found a passage;\n    And the whole may be seen there still,\n    To this very day, even,\n    As it is seen by all\n    Of those who pass up the bay;\n    And still this point, Cape Split,\n    Is called by the Micmacs Pl\u00eegun\n    Which means the opening\n    Or cleft of a beaver dam.\n\n    Then to frighten the Beaver\n    The Master threw at it\n    Several handfuls of earth,\n    Which falling to eastward\n    Of what is called Partridge Island,\n    Became the Five Islands, and\n    The pond which was left behind\n    Became the Basin of Minas.\n\n    Yet another tradition tells\n    That after cutting the dam\n    The Master sat and watched,\n    And yet no Beaver came forth,\n    For Kw\u00e2b\u00eet had escaped by a hole\n    Which led back to the other side;\n    Kul\u00f3skap then tore up\n    A rock and he threw it\n    Very far indeed,\n    One hundred and fifty miles,\n    To frighten the Beaver back;\n    But over the Grand Falls\n    Kw\u00e2b\u00eet had gone in haste\n    And so for the time escaped;\n    Yet the stone remaineth there\n    As a wonder to this day.\n\n    However, others declare\n    That by this rock the Beaver\n    Was killed while swimming away;\n    For thus the tale was told\n    By a Penobscot woman\n    As she sat weaving a basket,\n    A basket or _abaznoda_\n    Of that sweet-scented grass\n    Which Indians dearly love.\n\n    Kul\u00f3skap gave the names\n    To everything on earth;\n    He first made man and woman\n    Bestowing on them life;\n    He also made the winds\n    To make the waters move;\n    The Turtle was his uncle,\n    Tiak\u0113\u016bch the Mink\n    Was his adopted son,\n    While M\u016bn\u016dmkwech, the Woodchuck--\n    She was his grandmother.\n    The Beaver built a dam\n    The greatest ever seen.\n\n[Illustration: =Kul\u00f3skap and the Beaver=]\n\n    Kul\u00f3skap turned it away,\n    And killed the Beaver, too;\n    At M\u00fbschik he killed a moose;\n    The bones are there e\u2019en now,\n    At Bar Harbor, turned to stone.\n    The entrails of the moose,\n    Across the bay he cast\n    Unto his dogs, and they,\n    Which were also turned to stone,\n    To this day may be seen there,\n    As I have seen them myself;\n    And there, too, in the rock\n    Are the prints of his arrow and bow.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[25] Kul\u00f3skap and the Beaver.\n\n\n\n\n                                 III\n\n                      THE SABLE AND THE SERPENT\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                    _Kul\u00f3skap wtiwasp\u02benil nequt\n                     Otloketmul n\u02bemokswesul._[26]\n\n\n    All of the olden time,\n    All in a year it befell\n    That Kul\u00f3skap had a foe:\n    A very evil man,\n    A very sinful beast,\n    A very vile magician,\n    Who after he had tried\n    A hundred tricks in vain\n    Took on the form of a snake,\n    A serpent of awful size,\n    In hope to kill the Lord.\n\n    Now the Master had a boy\n    His faithful servitor,\n    N\u02bemokswes or the Sable;\n    A boy of elfin kind\n    Who played the magic flute\n    Wherewith he could entice\n    All birds and animals\n    To come to him, when they\n    Once heard its wondrous sound.\n\n    It happened on a time\n    When Kul\u00f3skap was afar,\n    The Sable broke his flute,\n    And, deeply crushed with grief,\n    Would not return again,\n    But wandered far away\n    Into the wilderness.\n    And all of this the Lord\n    Knew well--for by his art\n    He knew when aught went wrong\n    Pertaining to himself.\n    Then, when returned, he asked\n    The old, old grandmother\n    Where Sable was? but she\n    Could only weep. And then,\n    The Master said: \u201cI\u2019ll roam\n    Forever if I must,\n    But I will find the boy.\u201d\n\n    So he went forth, resolved,\n    Following Sable\u2019s trail,\n    And tracked him through the snow,\n    Three days and nights, and then\n    Heard some one sing afar;\n    It was the magic song\n    Which sorcerers only sing\n    When in the direst need,\n    And death is drawing near.\n    So, circling round the place,\n    Kul\u00f3skap looked adown,\n    And saw a lodge, and heard\n    The voice distinctly sound,\n    As he grew nearer; it\n    Was Sable\u2019s wondrous voice;\n    Then heard him sing a curse\n    Against all serpent kind,\n    And he was wandering\n    About the place to seek\n    A stick, extremely straight.\n\n    The Master understood\n    What this all meant: how that\n    Sable had been enticed\n    Into the wilderness\n    By Ato\u02besis the Snake,\n    And that the Serpent-chief\n    Was in the lodge, and he\n    Had sent the Sable forth\n    To seek a long straight rod\n    For evil magic deeds.\n    Then, softly singing, he\n    Bade Sable disobey,\n    And get a crooked stick,\n    As twisted as could be,\n    And told him carefully\n    What more he was to do.\n\n    Then Sable found in fact\n    A very rugged rod,\n    As twisted as a worm,\n    When it is wounded; then\n    As he came in, the Snake\n    Cried out, amazed and wroth,\n    \u201cHow hast thou dared to bring\n    To me a stick like that?\u201d\n    But Sable, answering,\n    Replied, \u201cIt is not straight,\n    But what is crookedest\n    May be the straightest made,\n    And I do know a charm\n    Whereby this may be done;\n    I will but heat this stick\n    A little in the fire,\n    And sing the proper spell\n    And then it shall be straight.\u201d\n\n    Now Ato\u02besis the Snake,\n    Like all the crafty folk,\n    Was very curious\n    And so looked closely on.\n    But Sable, when the stick\n    Was burning, or red hot,\n    Thrust it into his eyes;\n    (It had a forked end)\n    Utterly blinding him;\n    Then headlong rushed away.\n\n    The serpent followed him,\n    But, even as he left\n    The wigwam, there he met\n    The Master, who forthwith\n    Struck him a mighty blow\n    And slew him out of hand;\n    Of old times this befell--\n    And thus my story ends.\n\n[Illustration: =The Sable and the Serpent=]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[26] Kul\u00f3skap had a servant once who was a Sable.\n\n\n\n\n                            [Illustration]\n\n                                  IV\n\n                       KUL\u00d3SKAP AND THE TURTLE\n\n                     [_Micmac and Passamaquoddy_]\n\n   _Nekke meiawet nektuk Piliomeskasik ktak\u02bemigw otlian Pikto._[27]\n\n\n    When the Master left _Ukt\u00e2kumk\u00fbk_,\n    Called by the English N\u00e9wfoundl\u00e1nd,\n    He went to Piktook or Pictou,\n    Which means \u201cthe rising of bubbles,\u201d\n    Because at that place the water\n    Is ever strangely moving.\n    There he found an Indian village\n    And in the village a man\n    Whom he loved through all his life.\n\n    Yet it was not because this man,\n    Whose name in Micmac is Mikchik\n    And in our Passamaquoddy\n    Chikwen\u00f3chk \u201cthe Turtle,\u201d\n    Was great or well favored or rich;\n    He was truly none of these,\n    Being very poor and lazy,\n    No longer young or lively,\n    Nor in any way clever or wise.\n    It is said he was the uncle\n    Of Kul\u00f3skap, but many declare\n    It was only by adoption.[28]\n    However, he always bore\n    His trials with such good nature,\n    His wants with such merry patience,\n    That the Master took strangely to him\n    With most unwonted affection,\n    As if he had determined\n    To make of the idler a man;\n    Which verily came to pass\n    Quite soon, and very quaintly,\n    As you shall presently hear.\n    When he came to Piktook,\n    A town of a hundred wigwams,\n    Kul\u00f3skap being a handsome\n    And very stately warrior\n    With the air of a great chief,\n    Was greatly admired by all,\n    Especially the women;\n    So that every one felt honored\n    Whose wigwam he deigned to enter;\n    Yet he saw the folk very seldom,\n    And dwelt with old uncle Mikchik\n    Delighting in his fancies,\n    Quaint ways and old time stories,\n    Very old songs of the fathers;\n    Such things were the joy of his heart.\n\n    Now \u2019twas the time for holding\n    The great and yearly feast\n    With dancing and merry games;\n    But Kul\u00f3skap cared not to go\n    As guest or as performer.\n    However, he asked his uncle,\n    \u201cWilt thou not go to the feast?\n    All the fair girls of the forest,\n    All the beautiful matrons,\n    All the bewitching widows\n    From far and wide will be there;\n    Why hast thou never married?\n    There are many nice women a-waiting,\n    \u2019Tis evil living alone.\u201d\n\n    Thus answered Uncle Turtle:\n    \u201cI am poor and old and homely,\n    With no garments fit for a feast;\n    Therefore \u2019tis better for me\n    To smoke my pipe at home.\u201d\n\n    \u201cWell, if that be the only hindrance,\n    Uncle,\u201d replied the Master,\n    \u201cI can turn tailor I trow,\n    And fit you to a turn--\n    Fit you as if by magic,\n    Or in fact by magic itself;\n    Therefore have thou no care\n    As to your face or outside,\n    For to him who hath the art\n    \u2019Tis as easy to make a man over\n    As any suit of clothes.\u201d\n\n    \u201cThat may be true, my nephew,\u201d\n    Quoth Turtle, \u201cbut what say you,\n    As to the making over\n    The _inside_ of a mortal?\u201d\n\n    \u201cBy Kw\u00e2b\u00eet the immortal Beaver!\u201d\n    Replied the Master, laughing,\n    \u201cThat is something harder to do,\n    Else I were not at work\n    So long in this world of ours.\n    Yet, ere I leave this town\n    For you I will do that also.\n    As for this present sport,\n    Do but put on this belt.\u201d\n\n    And when he wore the girdle\n    Mikchik became so young\n    And so bewitchingly handsome\n    That never a man or woman\n    In the land had seen the like;\n    And as the Master arrayed him\n    In garments of great splendor,\n    He also gave him his word\n    That, as a man, he ever\n    Should be of men the comeliest,\n    And as animal, hardest to kill,\n    Most vital and enduring,\n    As it truly came to pass.\n    So Mikchik went to the feast.\n\n    Now the chieftain of the Piktook\n    Had three very beautiful daughters,\n    And of the three, the youngest\n    Was the loveliest in the land.\n    On her the old-young turtle\n    Cast his experienced eyes\n    With a boy-like, innocent look,\n    And said, \u201cI think that damsel\n    Would exactly suit my complaint,\n    And therefore I think I will take her!\u201d\n\n    Now all the young men in Piktook\n    Were of just the same opinion,\n    And all were firmly resolved\n    To kill the one who should win her.\n\n    So the next day the Master,\n    Taking a bunch of _w\u00e2bab_,\n    That is, of the finest wampum,\n    Went to the chief of the Piktook\n    Proposing that his uncle\n    Should marry the youngest daughter.\n    And truly the chief was willing,\n    While the mother at once cried, \u201cYes!\u201d\n    To such a grand proposal;\n    So, without loss of time,\n    The maiden swept out a wigwam,\n    And made a bed of sprays,\n    Or of leaves, upon the floor,\n    Spreading out a great white bear skin\n    As a cover over all.\n    Then with Mikchik and the Master\n    They had dried meat for supper,\n    And so the pair were wed.\n\n    Now the Turtle seemed very lazy,\n    And for days after they were married\n    While other men were hunting\n    He lounged about at home\n    Smoking over the fire,\n    Till one frosty, sunny morning,\n    His wife said to him, \u201cMikchik,\n    If this goes on much longer\n    We two must certainly starve.\u201d\n    So he put on his snow-shoes,\n    Taking his bow and arrows,\n    And she followed silently after\n    To see what he would do.\n    But in truth he did very little,\n    For he had not gone far forward\n    Ere he tripped and fell rolling over.\n    And the wife, returning disgusted,\n    Said in a rage to her mother:\n    \u201cHe is not in the least a hunter.\n    He can\u2019t even walk on snow-shoes.\u201d\n    But the mother said: \u201cBe patient,\n    There is more in him than you dream.\u201d\n\n    One day it came to pass\n    That the Master said to Mikchik\n    \u201cTo-morrow will be held\n    The very great yearly ball-play\n    And you must share in the game.\n    It will be sore for you,\n    A game of life and death,\n    For all the young men who live here\n    Are your enemies, and will seek\n    To slay you in the rush\n    By crowding close together,\n    And trampling you under foot.\n    But when they do this, \u2019twill be\n    Close by the Sagamore\u2019s lodge,\n    And that you may escape them\n    I give you, Uncle, the power\n    To jump twice over the roof;\n    But if they chance to bring it\n    To a third attempt, \u2019twill be\n    A very terrible thing for you,\n    And yet it _must_ come to pass;\n    \u2018No honey without a sting;\n    No chase, no venison.\u2019\u201d\n\n    And all of it came to pass\n    As the Master had foretold;\n    For the young men of the village\n    All joined to kill the Turtle,\n    And to escape them, Mikchik\n    Jumped, when beset, so high\n    Over the Sagamore\u2019s lodge\n    That he looked like an eagle flying.\n    But when for a third time he\n    Attempted another leap,\n    His scalp-lock caught on a pole,\n    And there he hung a-dangling\n    In the smoke which rose from below.\n\n    Then Kul\u00f3skap, who was sitting\n    On a skin in the tent beneath,\n    Said: \u201cUncle the hour is come,\n    Now will I make thee Sagem,\n    Grand Sagamore of the Tortoise,\n    The chief of the Lenni Len\u00e2be;\n    Thou shalt bear up a great nation\n    Which shall rest upon thy shell!\u201d\n\n    Then he smoked Mikchik so long\n    That his skin became a shell,\n    A very hard round shell,\n    And the marks of the smoke from the pipe\n    May be seen thereon to-day.\n    And of all his entrails he left\n    But _one_ which was very short,\n    And then indeed Mikchik\n    Seeing himself so reduced\n    Cried out, \u201cBeloved nephew,\n    You will kill me certainly!\u201d\n    But the Lord replied, \u201cFar from it,\n    I am giving you longer life--\n    A longer life than is given\n    To any other on earth;\n    From this time forth, my uncle,\n    You may pass through a glowing fire,\n    And never feel its breath,\n    You may live on land or in water,\n    Nay, though your head be cut off\n    It will live for nine days after,\n    And even so long shall beat\n    Your heart when cut from your body.\u201d\n    Whereat Mikchik rejoiced.\n\n    And this came, indeed, betimes,\n    And not before it was needed;\n    For on the very next day\n    All of the men went hunting,\n    And the Master warned the Turtle\n    That they would attempt his life.\n    So the men all went before,\n    While the Turtle toiled slowly behind them;\n    But when they saw him no more,\n    He made a magic flight\n    Far over their heads, and deep\n    In the forest he slew a moose,\n    He drew it upon the track\n    Which he knew that they soon must take;\n    And when his foes came up,\n    There he sat on the moose\n    Smoking, and waiting for them.\n\n    Now Kul\u00f3skap the Wise\n    Had unto them foretold\n    That on that day they would see\n    Some one come out as first\n    Who they thought would be last of all.\n    And when this came to pass,\n    They were more enraged than before,\n    And so they planned again\n    To kill Mikchik, but his nephew\n    Who was on the point of leaving\n    The village and all therein,\n    Told him how it would be.\n\n    \u201cFirst of all, my uncle,\n    They will build a mighty fire,\n    And throw you into the flame,\n    But endure it, and with joy;\n    For by my magic power\n    I will see that it does no harm.\n    Only beg as a dying favor\n    Not to be cast into water,\n    Into the water to drown,\n    Beg and implore and entreat them\n    To spare thee that terrible torture,\n    Yes, fight to the bitter end;\n    So will they certainly do it,\n    And so it shall come to pass.\u201d\n    Then he bade farewell to the Turtle,\n    And they built up a blazing fire\n    And threw him at once into it;\n    Wherein, being very lazy,\n    He turned over and went to sleep,\n    And when the fire burned low\n    He called for more wood to rebuild it\n    Because it was bitterly cold.\n\n    Then they all called out, \u201cLet us drown him!\u201d\n    But hearing this, as in terror\n    He implored them not to do it.\n    \u201cCut me to pieces,\u201d he said,\n    \u201cBurn me again, or stab me,\n    But do not, I beg you, throw me\n    Into the water to drown!\u201d\n\n    Therefore they swore they would drown him,\n    And dragged him down to the shore;\n    He screamed like a mad magician,\n    And fought like a wolverine,\n    Tearing up trees and roots,\n    Rending the rocks like a tempest;\n    Yet at length they overpowered him,\n    And took him in a canoe\n    To the middle of the lake\n    And throwing him in they watched him,\n    Watched him as he was sinking\n    Till he vanished far down below;\n    And thinking him surely dead\n    Returned to their homes rejoicing.\n\n    Now on the next day at noon\n    There was a glowing sunshine,\n    And something was seen basking\n    Upon a great flat rock\n    About a mile from the shore.\n    So two of the younger men\n    Took a canoe and went forth\n    To see what this might be.\n    And when they came to the rock\n    Just hanging over the water,\n    Whom should they see but Mikchik\n    A-dozing in the sunlight!\n    But, seeing them coming to take him,\n    He only said \u201cGood-bye!\u201d\n    And rolled over into the lake\n    Wherein it is said he is living\n    Unto this very day.\n    So in memory of this thing,\n    All turtles in swamps or rivers\n    When they see a man a-coming\n    Tip-tilt them into the water\n    With a _plump!_ which means \u201cGood-bye!\u201d--\n    Or which sounds like it in Indian[29]--\n    As their ancestor did of yore.\n\n    The Turtle lived with his wife\n    Happily, long and contented.\n    Then it happened in after years\n    That Kul\u00f3skap came one day\n    To visit his uncle, and saw\n    A babe which uttered a word.\n    As \u2019twere in a childish cry:\n    \u201cKnowest thou what he is saying?\u201d\n    Inquired the Master smiling.\n    \u201cTruly not I,\u201d said Mikchik,\n    \u201cFor I deem it is in the language\n    Which is spoken by the demons\n    Or spirits of the air,\n    Which \u2019tis said no mortal knoweth.\u201d\n    \u201cWell, I think,\u201d replied Kul\u00f3skap,\n    \u201cThat he is talking of eggs\n    For he cries \u2018_Huw\u00e2h, Huw\u00e2h_\u2019\n    As if he were trying to say\n    _W\u00e2hwun_--which means an egg\n    In the Passamaquoddy tongue.\u201d\n    \u201cBut where are eggs to be found?\u201d\n    Inquired the uncle amazed.\n    \u201cSeek in the sand,\u201d said the Master,\n    Where he sought and found full many\n    And greatly he marvelled at them.\n    In memory of which and the Master,\n    All the female turtles\n    Lay eggs to this very day.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[27] When the Master left Newfoundland he came to Pictou.\n\n[28] It is usual to give as a mere matter of politeness terms of\nconsanguinity to persons in conversation. Mikchik the Turtle appears\nin all the legends as a perfect Panurge or Falstaff, a worthless old\nscamp, who is nevertheless liked by everybody and privileged.     P.\n\n[29] It is curious that in Italy a stone thrown into water is\nsupposed by the sound which it makes to answer Yes or No to questions.\n\n\n\n\n                                  V\n\n            HOW MIKCHIK THE TURTLE WAS FALSE TO THE MASTER\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                       _Kul\u00f3skap meiawet._[30]\n\n\n    Kul\u00f3skap the Master\n    Was lord of beasts and men\n    Even the one as the other\n    He ruled them one and all.\n    Great indeed was his army\n    His tribe indeed was the whole.\n    In it the Golden Eagle\n    Was a leading chief who married\n    A female Caribou;\n    And the Turtle, Kul\u00f3skap\u2019s uncle,\n    Married the only daughter\n    Of the Eagle and Caribou.\n    Of these things are many traditions,\n    Many and very long,\n    Which are told by the fire in winter;\n    Old people knew these stories,\n    The younger now forget them\n    And the wisdom in them all.\n\n    It is said that Mikchik the Turtle\n    Was ever loved by his nephew,\n    While another tradition tells\n    That he was false to the Master:\n    I know not how it may be,\n    I can only tell the story\n    As it was told to me.\n\n    When the Turtle married,\n    The Master bade him make\n    A splendid feast, and for this\n    He gave him wonderful power.\n    Then he bade him go down to a point\n    Of very great rocks by the sea\n    Where whales were always found,\n    And told him to bring a whale,\n    And gave him the might to do so.\n    But he set an appointed mark\n    Or space, and said that he must not\n    Go even an inch beyond it:\n    So the Turtle went down to the sea,\n    And caught a monstrous whale,\n    And bore it up to the camp;\n    It all seemed very easy,\n    But he quite forgot that the power\n    Was given him by the Master;\n    So he took it all as his own.\n\n    Like all men of his kind\n    He was very vain and curious.\n    So to see what would come of it\n    He went beyond the mark\n    While carrying the whale,\n    And doing this he lost\n    The strength on him bestowed;\n    And sank beneath his burden\n    Crushed by the mighty whale.\n\n    Then many ran to the Master\n    Saying that Turtle was dead,\n    But he answered \u201cCut up the whale\n    For the dead will soon revive.\u201d\n    So they cut it up and cooked it;\n    And when the feast was ready,\n    The Turtle came yawning on,\n    And stretching out his leg\n    Cried out: \u201cHow tired I am!\n    Truly, I think I must\n    Have overslept myself!\u201d\n    Then all men feared the Lord,\n    For now they knew him a spirit,\n    A spirit of terrible power.\n\n    However it came to pass\n    That the Turtle grew mightily\n    All in his own conceit,\n    And thought he could take the place\n    Of the Master and reign in his stead;\n    So he called together a council\n    Of all the beasts, to find\n    How Kul\u00f3skap might be slain.\n    Greatly the Great One laughed\n    When he had learned all this\n    And little did he care.\n\n    And knowing all that passed\n    In their evil hearts, he went\n    Disguised as an ag\u00e8d squaw\n    Into the Council Lodge.\n    There were two witches there,\n    The Porcupine and Toad,\n    Bearing the human form;\n    Of them he humbly asked\n    How the Master was to die,\n    And to him the Toad replied,\n    \u201cWell! What is that to thee?\n    And what hast thou to do\n    With such a thing as this?\u201d\n    \u201cTruly I meant no harm,\u201d\n    Was all the Master said.\n    And then he softly touched\n    The tip of either\u2019s nose.\n    And rising, went his way.\n    But when the witches looked\n    At one another--both\n    Screamed out in dire dismay\n    For neither had a nose!\n    Their faces were smooth and flat;\n    So it came that the Porcupine\n    And Toad, are to this day\n    Noseless among the beasts.\n    So the Council came to an end.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[30] Kul\u00f3skap the Master.\n\n\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n                                  VI\n\n         HOW KUL\u00d3SKAP CONQUERED AKLIBIMO, THE GREAT BULLFROG\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                   _Pi\u02bechce uskichinwi otenesis\n                    Pakichiotote pemtanikek._[31]\n\n\n    Long, long ago,\n    Far, far away in the mountains\n    An Indian village stood,\n    Little known to other men;\n    All lived therein at their ease,\n    The men did well in their hunting\n    The women worked at home,\n    And all went well--save in _one_ thing\n    And that one thing was this:\n    That the town lay by a brook\n    And except in the stream there was not\n    A single drop of water\n    In all the country round\n    Save in the puddles of rain.\n    No one of all these Indians\n    Had ever found a spring,\n    Yet they all were very fond\n    Of a drink of good, clear water\n    And that in their brook was good.\n    So over it they grew dainty\n    And were very proud of it.\n\n    But after a time they saw\n    That the brook was running low,\n    Not only in summer time,\n    But in autumn after the rains;\n    And as the water fell\n    Their spirits, too, sank low;\n    But day by day it grew less,\n    Until its bed was as dry\n    As a dead bone is, which lies\n    In the ashes of a fire.\n\n    Now they had sometime heard\n    That, far away in the hills\n    Where none of them had been,\n    There was another village\n    Upon this very stream;\n    But what kind of people dwelt\n    Therein, no one could say;\n    So, thinking that these folk\n    Knew something about the drought,\n    They sent a man to look\n    Into the thing. Three days\n    Onward and upward he went,\n    Till on the third he came\n    Unto the village where\n    He found a solid dam\n    Built over the rivulet\n    So that no water could pass,\n    But all was kept in a pond.\n\n    Then, asking the village folk\n    Why they had done this evil,\n    Since \u2019twas of no use to them,\n    They said: \u201cGo ask our chief,\n    It was he who ordered it.\u201d\n\n    And when the messenger came\n    To see the Sagamore,\n    Behold, there lay before him,\n    Lazily in the mud,\n    A creature who was more\n    Of monster than of man--\n    Though truly in human form--\n    For he was immense in size,\n    In measure like a giant,\n    Fat, bloated, at all points\n    Most brutal to behold;\n    His great, round, yellow eyes\n    Stuck from his head as knots\n    Or knobsticks from a pine.\n    His mouth with stringy lips\n    Went well from ear to ear;\n    His feet were broad and flat,\n    With toes immensely long--\n    He was marvellous to behold!\n\n    And unto him the man\n    Set forth his just complaint,\n    To which the brute at first\n    Made no reply beyond\n    A most uncivil grunt\n    And a croak, but he said at last\n    In a loud, bellowing voice,\n    Such as we sometimes hear\n    At night from pond or pool:\n      \u201cDo as you choose,\n      \u201cDo as you choose,\n      \u201cDo as you choose!\n      \u201cWhat do I care?\n      \u201cWhat do I care?\n      \u201cWhat do I care?\n      \u201cIf you want water,\n      \u201cIf you want water,\n      \u201cIf you want water,\n      \u201cGo somewhere else.\u201d\n\n    Then the messenger told\n    How his people were pining\n    Near dead of their thirst,\n    Which seemed hugely to please\n    The monster, who grinned for joy,\n    Till at last he rose to his feet.\n    And, making a single spring\n    Of many rods to the dam,\n    Took an arrow and bored a hole\n    So that a little water\n    Just trickled out, and then cried:\n      \u201cUp and begone,\n      \u201cUp and begone,\n      \u201cUp and begone!\u201d\n    Then the messenger returned\n    In sorrow to his people,\n    Bringing them little joy,\n    And for a very few days\n    There was a little water,\n    Then it stopped and they suffered again.\n\n    Now these good Indians, who\n    Were the honestest fellows alive,\n    Best natured in all the world,\n    And never harmed any one\n    Except their enemies,\n    Were in a pickle indeed;\n    For sad it is to have\n    Nothing but water to drink;\n    But to want even that\n    When one is raging with thirst\n    Is worse than waiting for dinner\n    When we have no dinner to wait for.\n    Now this the Lord Kul\u00f3skap,\n    Who was merciful in heart\n    And knew all that was passing\n    In the hearts of his Indian children,\n    Observed, and pitying them\n    Came to them all at once;\n    For he ever came as the wind\n    And no man e\u2019er wist how.\n\n    Now, just before he came,\n    These honest Indians\n    Had in a council resolved\n    To send their boldest man\n    Though \u2019twere to certain death,\n    Even unto the village\n    Where dwelt the evil chief\n    Who built the curs\u00e8d dam\n    Which kept the water with which\n    They slaked their thirst when they\n    Could get it--that is to say,\n    Whenever the water was running.\n    And when he got there, the brave\n    Was either to obtain\n    That the water-dam be cut,\n    Or, failing, do something desperate--\n    They knew not exactly what;\n    But it was expected by all\n    That if he were refused\n    He would paint the village with care\n    Of a deep vermilion hue,\n    Leaving on every lodge\n    Blood, and in this intent,\n    Should, armed at every point,\n    Go with his tomahawk,\n    His axe and scalping-knife\n    Singing his death-song, too,\n    As he went on his way;\n    And they were all agog.\n\n    Now the Master was greatly pleased\n    When he observed all this,\n    For nothing delighted him more\n    Than plucky, desperate deeds;\n    So he resolved that he\n    Would see to this thing himself.\n\n    Therefore he came to them--\n    The people of the town\n    Which was then so high and dry--\n    Looking so terribly fierce\n    That in all the land there was none\n    Who was half so horrible;\n    For he seemed to be ten feet high,\n    With a hundred wonderful plumes,\n    Feathers of red and black,\n    From his scalp-lock uprising;\n    His face fresh-painted like blood,\n    Green rings around his eyes,\n    While a very large clam-shell hung\n    From either ear, and behind,\n    A great spread eagle, which\n    Was awful to behold,\n    Flapped wings at every step;\n    So that the hearts of all\n    Beat as he entered the village,\n    For as simple Indians, they\n    Accounted that this must be\n    Either Lox, the Wolverine,\n    Or Michihant the Devil\n    Himself in person, who\n    Had turned to Indian form.\n    And the squaws declared that they\n    Had ne\u2019er seen aught so fine,\n    Such a lovely, lovable man!\n\n    Then the Master having heard\n    The whole of their terrible tale,\n    Bade them cheer up, for he\n    Would soon set all to rights.\n    So without delay he went\n    Straight up the bed of the brook,\n    And coming to the town\n    Sat down, and bade a boy\n    Bring him some water to drink;\n    To which the boy replied\n    That not a drop could be had\n    In that town unless \u2019twere given\n    Out by the chief himself.\n\n    \u201cThen go to your Sagamore,\u201d\n    Said the Master, \u201cand bid him hurry,\n    Or verily I will know\n    The reason why I wait.\u201d\n    And when the boy had gone\n    There was no reply before\n    An hour, when the boy returned,\n    During which time the Master\n    Sat on a log and smoked.\n    Then at last the messenger\n    Came with a little cup\n    Which was only just half full\n    Of water, extremely foul.\n    Then the Master rose and said:\n    \u201cNow I will go to your chief,\n    And I think that he soon will give\n    Far better water than this!\u201d\n\n    And having come to the chief\n    He said, \u201cNow give me to drink\n    And that of the best, at once,\n    Thou villainous Thing of Mud!\u201d\n\n    Then the Sagamore in a rage\n    Bellowed: \u201cBegone and find\n    Thy water where thou canst;\u201d\n    When Kul\u00f3skap thrust his spear\n    At once into the beast,\n    Into his belly, lo!\n    Gushed forth a mighty stream,\n    For it was all the water\n    Which should have run in the brook--\n    He had taken it all to himself!\n\n    Then the Master, rising high\n    As any giant pine,\n    Caught the monster in his hand,\n    And crumpled in his back\n    With a mighty grip--and lo!\n    It was the Bull-Frog! Then\n    He hurled him with contempt\n    Into the stream to follow\n    The current ever on.\n\n    And ever since that time\n    The Bull-Frog\u2019s back has borne\n    Those crumpled wrinkles which\n    Are in the lower part:\n    These are the print-marks made\n    By the Master\u2019s awful squeeze.\n\n    Kul\u00f3skap then returned\n    Unto the town, but there\n    Found not a living soul,\n    For a marvellous thing had come\n    To pass while he was gone;\n    A thing which shall be heard\n    In every Indian\u2019s speech\n    Through all the ages, as\n    \u2019Tis told by all to-day.\n\n    For as these people were,\n    As I said, good simple folk,\n    They had talked together, just\n    As boys do at their play,\n    When they are hungry, thus:\n    \u201cWhat would you like to have?\u201d\n    When another will reply:\n    \u201cTruly, I\u2019d like to eat\n    A good hot venison steak,\n    With maple sugar and bear\u2019s oil;\u201d\n    \u201cNay, give me for my part\n    Some succotash and honey.\u201d\n    Even so these villagers said:\n    \u201cSuppose you really had\n    All the cold sparkling water\n    There is in the world, what then\n    Would you do with it?\u201d One replied,\n    \u201cI would live in the soft smooth mud,\n    And always be wet and cool.\u201d\n\n    To which another said,\n    That he would plunge from the rocks\n    And dive in the deep cold stream,\n    Aye drinking as he dived.\n\n    And the third said: \u201cI would be washed\n    Up and down with the rippling waves,\n    Living at will on land,\n    Or in the water;\u201d Then\n    The fourth said: \u201cNone of you\n    Know how to wish, and I\n    Will teach you how. I\u2019d live\n    In water all the time.\n    And forever swim in it!\u201d\n\n    Now it chanced that these things were said\n    In the hour when, while it passes\n    Over the world, all the wishes\n    Which are uttered by men are granted.\n    And so it was with these Indians;\n    For the first became a leech,\n    The second a spotted frog,\n    The third a crab which is washed\n    Up and down with the tide,\n    And the fourth a fish which swims\n    A-drinking ever more.\n\n    Ere this, there had been in the world\n    None of the creatures which dwell\n    In the water, but now they were there\n    Of every kind. And the river\n    Came rushing and roaring on,\n    And they all went headlong down\n    Into the endless ocean,\n    To be washed into many lands,\n    And places all over the world,\n    Forever and ever more.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[31] Long ago, an Indian village stood far back in the mountains.\n\n\n\n\n                                 VII\n\n                   HOW KUL\u00d3SKAP WENT WHALE-FISHING\n\n                              [_Micmac_]\n\n                      _Piche Kul\u00f3skap pechian\n                       Machieswi menikok._[32]\n\n\n    All of the olden time!\n    The Master Kul\u00f3skap came\n    To Pulowech\u0113 Mun\u00edg\u00fb,\n    That is to Partridge Island.\n    And on the isle he met\n    With Kitp\u00fbs\u00e2gun\u00e2\u00fb,\n    Whose mother had been slain\n    By a fearful cannibal giant:\n    Therefore, like Kul\u00f3skap,\n    He warred through all his life\n    Upon the monstrous race;\n    From which it came to pass\n    That they were loving friends,\n    Which did not hinder them\n    From a hearty, merry strife\n    In which they barely missed\n    Taking each other\u2019s lives\n    In the most good-natured way\n    As ye shall hear anon.\n\n    Now being on the isle,\n    The Lord of Men and Beasts\n    Was entertained as guest\n    By Kitp\u00fbs\u00e2gun\u00e2\u00fb,\n    Born after his mother\u2019s death.\n    And, as the night came on,\n    The host said to the Lord.\n    \u201cLet us go forth to sea\n    In my canoe, and catch\n    Some whales by torch light.\u201d So\n    Kul\u00f3skap, nothing loath,\n    Consented, for he was\n    A mighty fisherman,\n    Like all the Wabanaki\n    Who live along the shore.\n\n    Now when they came to the beach\n    There were many mighty rocks\n    Lying scattered here and there.\n    Then Kitp\u00fbs\u00e2gun\u00e2\u00fb,\n    Lifting the largest of them,\n    Put it upon his head,\n    And it became a canoe.\n    Then picking up another\n    It turned to a paddle; next\n    A long and narrow piece\n    Which he split away from a rock\n    Was changed to a fishing spear;\n    And then Kul\u00f3skap asked\n    \u201cWho shall sit in the stern\n    And paddle; and who shall take\n    The spear?\u201d The other said\n    \u201cThat will I do.\u201d And so\n    The Master paddled; ere long\n    The canoe passed o\u2019er a whale.\n    A monster of a fish;\n    There was not his like in the sea.\n    But he who held the spear\n    Sent it down into the waves\n    As if \u2019twere a thunderbolt;\n    And as the handle rose\n    He snatched it up, and so\n    The mighty fish was caught;\n    And as Kitp\u00fbs\u00e2gun\u00e2\u00fb\n    Whirled it on high, the whale\n    Loud roaring touched the clouds;\n    Then taking it from the spear\n    He tossed it into the barque\n    As if it had been a trout.\n    And both the giants laughed;\n    And the sound of their laugh was heard\n    All over the land afar,\n    The Wabanaki land.\n\n    So, being at home, the host\n    Took up a knife of stone\n    Splitting the whale in two,\n    And threw one half to his guest.\n    And they roasted each his piece,\n    Over the fire and ate it.\n\n[Illustration: =How Kul\u00f3skap Went Whale-Fishing=]\n\n    Now the Master, having marked\n    The light which was in the heaven\n    Long after the sun went down,\n    Said, \u201cThe sky is red, and the night\n    I think will be bitter cold.\u201d\n    And the other understood\n    That by his magic power\n    The Lord would bring a frost\n    And make it cold indeed;\n    So he made the Marten bring\n    All the wood that lay without,\n    With the fresh oil of a porpoise\n    Which he multiplied ten times\n    By sorcery; and then\n    They sat them down and smoked,\n    And sang old songs and told\n    Tales of the early time.\n    But ever the cold came on,\n    And at midnight, when the fire\n    And fuel were all burnt out,\n    The Marten froze to death,\n    And then the grandmother.\n    But still the giants smoked on,\n    And laughed and talked as before.\n\n    Then the rocks all round without\n    Split with the awful cold.\n    The great trees in the forest\n    Were rent with frost, and the sound\n    Was like thunder above, but still\n    The Master and \u201cHe who was born\n    After his mother\u2019s death.\u201d\n    Kitp\u00fbs\u00e2gun\u00e2\u00fb,\n    Laughed on, and so they sat\n    Until the sun arose.\n\n    And then Kul\u00f3skap said\n    Unto the grandmother:\n    \u201c_Nugum\u00edch, nemchaase!_\u201d\n    \u201cO grandmother, arise.\u201d\n    And then unto the boy\n    \u201c_Abistane\u00fbch, nemchaase!_\u201d\n    \u201cMarten, arise!\u201d and both\n    Awoke to life once more.\n\n    Then as the day was fair\n    They went into the woods\n    To seek for game, yet found\n    Full little. All they got\n    Was one small beaver, so\n    The Master said: \u201cMy friend,\n    You may keep all of that.\u201d\n    Then Kitp\u00fbs\u00e2gun\u00e2\u00fb\n    Fastened it to his knee\n    Where it dangled like a mouse.\n    But as the giant went\n    On through the woods, and on,\n    The beaver ever grew\n    Larger and larger still,\n    Till \u2019twas of monstrous size;\n    Then he who bore it, took\n    A mighty sapling. This\n    He twisted to a withe\n    And with it, to his waist\n    He tied the beaver fast;\n    But still it grew apace\n    Till, trailing after him,\n    It tore down all the trees,\n    So that the giant left\n    A clean fair road behind.\n\n    Then when the night came on\n    They fished for whales again,\n    And feasted as before\n    And had the cold again;\n    So, even as before,\n    The grandmother lay dead\n    Of cold, with Marten, too.\n    Then Kitp\u00fbs\u00e2gun\u00e2\u00fb\n    Yielded unto the spell,\n    And Kul\u00f3skap sat alone,\n    Alone as conqueror.\n    But when the sun arose\n    He brought them back to life;\n    And, laughing heartily,\n    Said merrily, \u201cGood-bye!\u201d\n    To Kitp\u00fbs\u00e2gun\u00e2\u00fb.[33]          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[32] Long ago Kul\u00f3skap came to Partridge Island.\n\n[33] The last nine lines of this poem were added by me conjecturally. L.\n\n\n\n\n                                 VIII\n\n                KUL\u00d3SKAP AND WUCHO\u02bfSEN, THE WIND-EAGLE\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n               _Wucho\u02bfsen nit kininagw\u02besit\n                K\u02bech\u00ee plak\u02ben potowatak pemlamsuk._[34]\n\n\n    Wucho\u02bfsen the Giant Eagle,\n    The Bird-Who-Blows-the-Winds,\n    Lives far away in the North,\n    Ever sitting on a rock\n    Which is at the end of the sky;\n    Because when he flaps his wings\n    The wind blows over the earth,\n    Men gave him the name of old.\n\n    When Kul\u00f3skap lived among men,\n    He often in his canoe\n    Went forth to kill the wild-fowl,\n    Ducks or swans or brant,\n    Which swim upon the sea.\n    One day the tempest roared,\n    The waves were as high as hillocks,\n    Even Kul\u00f3skap the Lord\n    Cared not to face the storm;\n    So then he said to himself:\n    \u201cWucho\u02bfsen has made this mischief\n    And all to show his power,\n    So now he shall feel mine!\u201d\n\n    He turned him to the North,\n    It was long ere he came to the end;\n    There on a moss-grown rock\n    He found a great White Bird,\n    The Eagle of the Wind.\n\n    \u201cGrandfather!\u201d said the God,\n    \u201cThou takest no compassion\n    Upon us Kosesak--\n    That is, \u2019thy suffering children\u2019--\n    For thou hast raised this storm.\n    It is too terrible!\n    Be easier with thy wings!\u201d\n\n    The Giant Bird replied:\n    \u201cEven from the earliest time,\n    And from the earliest days,\n    Ere aught beside on earth\n    Had ever uttered word,\n    I moved my wings and spoke\n    In Wind unto the World;\n    For mine was the first Voice\n    E\u2019er heard in life or time,\n    Therefore I\u2019ll ever speak,\n    And ever move my wings,\n    At freedom, as I will.\u201d\n\n    Then Kul\u00f3skap the God,\n    Arose in all his might,\n    Tremendous--for he rose\n    Up to the clouds above--\n    And took the Giant Bird\n    As if he were a duck,\n    And, tying fast his wings,\n    Cast him afar, adown\n    Into a deep dark cleft\n    Between the splintered rocks,\n    And left him lying there.\n\n    Then all the Indians\n    Could go in their canoes\n    As freely as they chose\n    For many days and months.\n    But then as time went by,\n    They noted day by day\n    That all the waters grew\n    So stagnant and so foul\n    That even the Master found\n    He could not row his bark;\n    All was so thick and dead,\n    And rottenness and slime\n    Crept into all the world.\n    And then he thought upon\n    The Giant Bird, and went\n    To find him, far away.\n    As he had left him, so\n    He found him, for the Bird,\n    The Spirit of Air,\n    Can never truly die.\n\n    And so he picked him up,\n    And then with care untied\n    One single wing, but left\n    The other tightly bound.\n    And since that time the Wind\n    Has never been so wild\n    As \u2019t ever was of yore.         L.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[34] Wucho\u02bfsen, that is the great eagle which blows the winds.\n\n\n\n\n                            =Canto Fourth=\n\n                     THE MASTER AND THE SORCERERS\n\n\n                                  I\n\n          KUL\u00d3SKAP AND WINPE; OR, THE MASTER\u2019S FIRST VICTORY\n\n                              [_Micmac_]\n\n                       _Pi\u02beche ktagudimol._[35]\n\n\n    All in the olden time,\n    Or in the first of all,\n    Of all things here on earth,\n    Men were as animals\n    And animals as men.\n    But how this mystery was,\n    No one can understand,\n    Though some explain it thus:\n    As Man was made the first,\n    All creatures first were men,\n    But as they gave themselves\n    To this or that desire\n    Like that of animals,\n    And all their souls to it,\n    So were they changed to brutes.\n\n    Yet ere this came to pass\n    There was a middle time\n    When they could change their forms\n    To beasts or men at will;\n    Yet more and more and more\n    Even as men, they showed\n    In all, the Animal.\n\n    Then Kul\u00f3skap the Great\n    Lived on a wooded isle\n    With many Indians\n    Whose names and natures, too,\n    Were all of beasts and birds.\n\n    These men, and most of all\n    The one called Pulowech,\n    The Partridge, had attained\n    To certain magic power.\n    These, as they found him great,\n    Grew jealous of the Lord,\n    He who was ever Man;\n    And so they all resolved\n    To leave him in the isle.\n    But with them take away\n    His grandmother, likewise\n    Marten, the boy, who served\n    The Master in his lodge.\n    In Micmac Marten\u2019s name\n    Is Abistan\u0113\u016bch; he\n    Was of the Elfin kind,\n    One who could change his form\n    To what he pleased. For all\n    Relating to the Lord\n    Was wonderful and strange.\n\n    This Marten ever ate\n    From a small dish of bark\n    Called Witchkw\u00eedlakunchich.\n    Whene\u2019er he left this plate\n    Kul\u00f3skap always knew\n    The place where it was laid,\n    And by a glance thereat\n    Could tell whate\u2019er had happed\n    Unto his family.\n    Kul\u00f3skap had, beside,\n    A wondrous magic belt\n    Which gave him endless strength\n    And untold mystic power.\n    Yet to increase his might,\n    Even he, the Lord of Men,\n    Must often all alone,\n    Dwell in the wilderness,\n    And fast and pray and dream,\n    Until by penance strong\n    He gained once more his power.\n\n    Among his enemies\n    Who dwelt upon the isle,\n    Was one named Winpe, who\n    Of all was terrible;\n    So he and all the rest,\n    With Marten as a slave,\n    Likewise the grandmother,\n    One day when Kul\u00f3skap\n    Was hunting in the North\n    Got into their canoes\n    With all their worldly gear,\n    And sailed, far, far away.\n\n    Now when the Lord returned\n    And saw that all were gone,\n    He sought and found the dish\n    Which Marten had concealed,\n    And on it read the truth:\n    How he had been deceived\n    And whither all had fled.\n\n    Now, it is said, the Lord\n    To gain tremendous power,\n    Or such grand mastery\n    As man had never won,\n    Went to the wilderness,\n    And there for seven years\n    So trained his mighty mind\n    By penance into will,\n    That when the time was o\u2019er\n    He knew that he had won,\n    And that no thing on earth\n    No sorcerer nor fiend,\n    Giant nor devil grim,\n    Could now resist his power.\n    So when the time had come\n    He called his dogs, and went\n    Down to the shore and looked\n    Far o\u2019er the rolling sea,\n    And sang the magic song\n    Which all the Whales obey.\n    Soon in the distance rose\n    A small dark spot, which grew\n    In size as it drew near.\n    \u2019Twas but a little whale;\n    It came unto the Lord,\n    But he was now a giant;\n    He stepped upon the whale.\n    It sank beneath his feet;\n    He laughed and said, \u201cBegone!\n    Thou art too small for me!\u201d\n\n    He sang again the song,\n    But now with all his power;\n    And then there came the Queen\n    Of all the whales, and she\n    Was as a giantess\n    Even among her kind;\n    She bore him easily\n    Unto Kesp\u016bgitk, then\n    She paused and said, \u201cO Lord!\n    I dare not further go,\n    For I shall run ashore.\u201d\n    And this he wished because\n    He would not wet his feet,\n    And so he lied and said:\n    \u201cThe land is far away.\u201d\n    So she went boldly on,\n    Till she beheld below,\n    The bottom of the sea\n    With many shells on it;\n    And then she said in fear:\n    \u201cThe land, does it not seem\n    To thee like a bow-string?\u201d \u201cNo!\u201d\n    He answered, \u201cLand is far.\u201d\n\n    The water grew so shoal\n    That soon she heard the song\n    Of many Clams, who lay\n    Deep shelled below the sand.\n    They were the enemies\n    Of Kul\u00f3skap the Man,\n    Their only enemy,\n    And so they sang to her:\n    \u201cHasten and throw him off,\n    And drown him in the sea.\u201d\n    But great Put\u00fap the whale\n    Who did not know their tongue,\n    Asked what the words might mean?\n    And he replied in song\n    \u201cThey tell you to make haste;\n    _Nenagimk_, \u2019to hurry\u2019;\n    To hurry, to hurry along,\n    Away--as fast as you can.\u201d\n\n    The whale like lightning flew\n    Until she found herself\n    High up upon the shore,\n    Then she, too, cried in woe:\n    \u201cAlas, alas! Nujich!\n    My grandchild, you have been\n    My death at last--for now\n    I cannot leave the land;\n    I shall swim in the sea no more!\u201d\n\n    But Kul\u00f3skap answered her:\n    \u201cN\u02begumi, have no fear!\n    You shall not suffer, for\n    You shall swim in the sea once more.\u201d\n    Then with a push of his bow\n    Against her head, he sent\n    The whale into the sea,\n    Into the deep once more.\n\n    And then the whale rejoiced,\n    But ere she went she said:\n    \u201cO darling grandson mine!\n    O Master! Hast thou not\n    Tobacco in thy pouch,\n    Therewith a pipe to spare?\u201d\n    And he replied, \u201cAh yes!\n    I see you want a smoke,\n    I have what you require.\u201d\n\n    He gave the whale a pipe,\n    Tobacco and a light\n    And so she sailed away\n    Rejoicing as she went,\n    A-smoking as she swam;\n    While Kul\u00f3skap, the Lord,\n    Leaning upon his bow\n    Beheld the long low cloud\n    Which trailed behind her, till\n    She vanished far away.\n\n    So to this very day,\n    The Indians, when they see\n    A whale who blows, cry out:\n    \u201cBehold, it smokes a pipe,\n    The pipe of Kul\u00f3skap.\u201d\n\n    And so the Lord went on,\n    Meeting at every step\n    Adventures wild and strange;\n    Witches and sorcerers\n    Sought to delay his steps,\n    Until at last he came\n    To Ukt\u00e2kumkuk, or\n    N\u00e9wfoundland, where his foes\n    Had been, then fled away.\n\n    Again he sang his song,\n    And once again a whale\n    Carried him far away,\n    Away unto the North;\n    And now he found indeed\n    That he had gained his end,\n    Since by the shore he saw\n    A wigwam, and therein\n    His sorrowing grandmother\n    And Marten well-nigh dead;\n    Winpe the sorcerer\n    Had treated them full ill.\n    Greatly did they rejoice\n    To see their Lord once more;\n    And then Kul\u00f3skap said:\n    \u201cWhen Winpe shall return\n    Do all that\u2019s in your power\n    To irritate the man\n    To make him mad with wrath;\n    So shall he lose his power,\n    For anger weakeneth will.\u201d\n\n    They did what he required\n    When Winpe came again,\n    Till in a roaring rage\n    He sought to take their lives;\n    When lo! before their eyes\n    The Master stood and gazed\n    In aspect terrible,\n    Upon his angry foe.\n    Winpe fell back a pace\n    To gain once more his power;\n    It came and it was great.\n    With all his evil will\n    The sorcerer raised his strength\n    And as it came he grew\n    In giant stature, till\n    His head was o\u2019er the pines;\n    And truly in those days\n    The pines were higher far\n    Than those we have to-day:\n\n[Illustration: =Kul\u00f3skap and Winpe=]\n\n    But Kul\u00f3skap the Great\n    The Lord of Men and Beasts,\n    Laughed as the thunder roars.\n    And grew until his head\n    Was far above the clouds,\n    Until he reached the stars,\n    And ever higher still,\n    Till Winpe seemed to be\n    A child beneath his feet.\n\n    Then, holding him in scorn,\n    Kul\u00f3skap the great lord\n    Smote Winpe with his bow\n    As one might strike a dog;\n    Down fell the sorcerer dead!\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[35] I will tell you of long ago.\n\n\n\n\n                                  II\n\n               HOW A WITCH SOUGHT TO CAJOLE THE MASTER\n\n                              [_Micmac_]\n\n                           _Kes saak._[36]\n\n\n    This is a story of the olden time.\n    It chanced that great Kul\u00f3skap met a witch,\n    An evil being who had made herself\n    Look like a fair young girl, and that so well\n    By all the deepest art of sorcery,\n    That she was sure the Lord could never see\n    Through her disguise--wherein she was a fool,\n    Because he read her at a single glance.\n\n    She bade him take her out in his canoe;\n    So forth they sailed over a summer sea\n    With a sweet breeze. The witch upon the way\n    Sought to beguile the Lord with loving words\n    To which he made no answer, knowing well\n    What kind of passenger he had on board.\n\n    And so she played all her cajoleries,\n    While he remained as grim as any bear,\n    Replying with a growl to loving words;\n    Till in a rage she changed her melody\n    Into the curse which raises up the storm\n    As if to show defiance of his power.\n    And it was terrible when the wind howled\n    Over the waves which madly rose and fell\n    Like great white wolves a-jumping while they run;\n    And the red lightnings flashed, while the great sea\n    Grew dark as if to show their fire the more.\n\n    And then the Master was enraged indeed,\n    That a vile witch should dare to play such tricks\n    With him, the mighty Lord of Beasts and Men;\n    And, driving the canoe unto the beach,\n    He leaped ashore, and giving it a push\n    He sent it headlong out to sea again,\n    And cried: \u201cSail with the devil if you will,\n    But ne\u2019er on earth again in human form!\u201d\n\n    Then she in terror cried: \u201cWhat must I be?\n    Oh, Master, say what shape shall I assume?\u201d\n    And he replied: \u201cWhatever form you please--\n    That grace alone I give thee.\u201d In despair\n    She plunged into the deep and there became\n    The _w\u0115b\u0115tumekw_, a ferocious shark\n    Which has upon its back a mighty fin\n    Like a great sail when swimming in the sea.\n\n    So the canoe and witch were changed as one\n    To the great evil fish, and to this day\n    The Indians when they see it, ever cry:\n    \u201cBehold the girl, who in the olden time\n    Was punished by the Master.\u201d That is all!          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[36] Of old time.\n\n\n\n\n                                 III\n\n           HOW KUL\u00d3SKAP FOUGHT THE GIANT SORCERERS AT SACO\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n              _Yut n\u02bekani aknod\u02bem\u00e2gon uch Kul\u00f3skap._[37]\n\n\n    This is a tale of Kul\u00f3skap,\n    An old one. There was a father\n    Who had three sons and a daughter,\n    And all were Mteolinwuk,\n    That is, they were magicians\n    Of terrible power, and giants;\n    They ate men, women, and children;\n    Yea, they did everything\n    That was wicked and horrible;\n    And the land grew tired of them\n    And of all their abominations.\n    Yet when this family\n    Was young, Kul\u00f3skap had been\n    Ever and truly their friend;\n    He had made their father his father,\n    The brothers his brothers, the sister\n    His sister by adoption,\n    As Indians often do.\n\n    But, as they all grew older,\n    And the Master began to hear\n    On every side of their sins.\n    He said: \u201cI will go among them\n    And find if this be true;\n    If it be so, they shall die--\n    I will not spare one of those\n    Who oppress and devour mankind,\n    I care not who he may be.\u201d\n\n    This evil family dwelt\n    Near the place that now is Saco,\n    Upon the sandy field\n    Which is in the Intervale,\n    Or the summer bed of the river,\n    Among the White Mountains, which lie\n    Between K\u00e8zitw\u00e2zuch,\n    Or Mount Kearsarge the mighty,\n    And Kchibenabesk\n    The towering rock, and near\n    W\u02ben\u00e2g\u02bemeswuk Wig\u00eet\n    The Home of the Water Elves.\n\n    Now the old man, the father\n    Of all these evil sorcerers,\n    Had only one eye, and he\n    Was half gray like a stony mountain;\n    Then the Master made himself\n    Like to the hoary old fellow;\n    There was not between them\n    The difference of a hair.\n    So having taken this form\n    He entered into the wigwam\n    And sat by the ag\u00e8d man.\n\n    Then the murdering brothers\n    Who never spared a soul,\n    Hearing that some one was talking,\n    Peeped slyly in, and seeing\n    A stranger so like their father\n    That they knew not which was which,\n    Said: \u201cThis is a great magician,\n    But he shall be tried ere he goes,\n    And that right bitterly.\u201d\n\n    Then the giantess sister took\n    The tail of a whale, and cooked it,\n    And gave it to the stranger\n    That he might eat it, when\n    Just as it lay before him\n    On the platter, and on his knees,\n    The elder brother entered\n    And saying: \u201cThis is too good\n    For a beggar like you,\u201d took it\n    Away to his own wigwam.\n    And then the Master said:\n    \u201cThat which was given to me\n    Is mine--so I take it again.\u201d\n    And sitting still he _willed_\n    Or wished for it to return.\n    And lo! the dish came flying\n    Again into his lap!\n    And he ate from it, undisturbed.\n    Then the brothers said: \u201cThis truly\n    Is a very great magician,\n    But he shall be tried ere he goes,\n    And that right bitterly!\u201d\n\n    When he had eaten, they brought\n    A mighty bone; the jaw\n    Of a whale, and the elder brother\n    With great ado, and using\n    Both arms and all his strength,\n    Bent it a little, and proudly\n    He held it to the Master\n    Who with the thumb and finger\n    Of his right hand alone,\n    Snapped it like a green twig,\n    And crumbled it to powder.\n    Then the brothers said again:\n    \u201cThis is truly a great magician,\n    But he shall be tried ere he goes,\n    And that right bitterly.\u201d\n\n  [Illustration:\n    Then they brought an enormous pipe\n    Full of the strongest tobacco;]\n\n    Then they brought an enormous pipe\n    Full of the strongest tobacco;\n    No man, not even a sorcerer\n    Could have smoked such fearful stuff.\n    And as it was passed around\n    All of them smoked. The brothers\n    Blew the smoke through their nostrils\n    As if it were light as air.\n    But the Master filled it full\n    And, lighting it, burned all\n    The tobacco into ashes\n    At one puff, with a single pull!\n    Blowing all the smoke through his nose\n    Even as they had done.\n    Then they said and now in anger:\n    \u201cThis is truly a great magician;\n    But he shall be tried ere he goes\u201d--\n    They never said it again!\n\n    Yet still they tried to smoke.\n    They shut the door of the wigwam\n    Hoping to smother him.\n    But he puffed and puffed away\n    As if he had been on the top\n    Of a mountain in a breeze,\n    Till one said: \u201cThis is idle,\n    Let us go and play at ball!\u201d\n\n    The place where they were to play\n    Was the sandy stony plain\n    Which lies on the bend of the river.\n    And so the game began.\n    Kul\u00f3skap discovered\n    That the ball with which they played\n    Was a hideous human skull,\n    A living thing which snapped at\n    His heels. Had the Master been\n    As other men, the monster\n    Would have bitten a foot away.\n    Then he laughed aloud, and said:\n    \u201cSo this is your style of foot-ball!\n    Well and good! But let us all play\n    With our own balls.\u201d He stepped\n    Up to a tree by the river,\n    And broke off a hole or knot\n    And it turned to a living skull,\n    But one which was ten times greater,\n    And ten times more terrible\n    Than that which the sorcerers used.\n    And the three brothers ran\n    Before it as it chased them\n    As rabbits are chased by a lynx;\n    They were entirely beaten.\n    Then Kul\u00f3skap stamped in the sand,\n    And the waters rose and came rushing\n    Fearfully from the mountains\n    Adown the river bed;\n    The whole land rang with their roar.\n    Then the Master sang the song,\n    The magic song which changes\n    All creatures to other forms,\n    Which changed the Three and their father\n    Into the Chinames,\n    A fish which is long and broad\n    As a man, and they all went headlong\n    Down in the flood to the ocean\n    Where they must dwell forever\n    And are caught unto this day.\n\n    These three magicians wore\n    Each one a collar of wampum\n    Of purple beads and white,\n    Wherefore the Chinames\n    Has exactly round its neck\n    Or below its head, the same,\n    Distinctly marked and clear;\n    They were mighty men in their day\n    And great Mteolinwuk,\n    But were tried before they went\n    And that most bitterly.\n\n    Yes indeed, Ns\u00eewes, my brother,\n    This story is really true,\n    For Kul\u00f3skap was very great\n    In his day--and a day will come\n    When I myself shall go to him.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[37] This is an old story about Kul\u00f3skap.\n\n\n\n\n                                  IV\n\n             HOW THE MASTER SHOWED HIMSELF A GREAT SMOKER\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                 _Pi\u02bfche Kul\u00f3skap k\u02bech\u00ee skitap._[38]\n\n\n    Kul\u00f3skap the Great,\n    Lord of Beasts and Men,\n    Was ever a boon companion\n    And a right valiant smoker.\n    In all the world was no man\n    Who loved a well-filled pipe\n    Of good and fragrant tobacco\n    So heartily as he did.\n\n    Now in that happy time,\n    The sun shone warmer and brighter,\n    The summers were far longer\n    In the land of the Wabanaki\n    Than they truly are to-day.\n    And the Indians raised _tom\u00e1we_,\n    That is to say, tobacco,\n    Far better than the best\n    Which ever is seen to-day.\n    And they found a mighty solace\n    In burning the gold-brown leaves.\n\n    There came one day to the Master\n    A great and evil magician\n    Who sought to take his life,\n    As the Master at once perceived;\n    For he read the thoughts of men\n    As though they were strings of wampum--\n    Seeing deep into every heart.\n\n    Now this evil magician thought,\n    By first amazing the Master\n    Through some wonderful trick, to weaken\n    The will which gave him strength;\n    As they say a fish is frightened\n    When he sees that his foe swims faster,\n    And is too much alarmed to fight.\n\n    So the sorcerer sat to smoke\n    With a pipe whose bowl was bigger\n    Than the head of any man,\n    With a stem full ten feet long;\n    But ever that of Kul\u00f3skap\n    Grew to the size of a pumpkin,\n    And then like the ten-foot boulder\n    Which lies on the beach at Rye;\n    And the smoke which rose from his puffing\n    Was like that of a forest fire.\n\n    Then the sorcerer filled his pipe\n    Afresh with strong tobacco,\n    Such as would kill if they breathed it\n    A porcupine or a toad.\n    And at one pull he burned it\n    Leaving no spark behind;\n    And at one whiff he sent it\n    Out in one great round ball;\n    Then sat and looked at the Master.\n    And then the Lord Kul\u00f3skap,\n    Whose pipe was many times greater,\n    Also sent his tobacco\n    Out in a puff as round--\n    Out in a mighty ball\n    As hard as any flint,\n    And, blowing it on the ground\n    Which was of granite rock,\n    Split it asunder, so\n    That a valley yawned between them.\n    Then they both sat in silence\n    Until the Master said:\n    \u201cDo that--and then take my life.\u201d\n    But the wizard could do no more,\n    And returned in shame and anger\n    To the evil ones who had sent him.          L.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[38] Long ago Kul\u00f3skap was a great man.\n\n\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n                                 V\n\n                        KUL\u00d3SKAP AND THE WITCH\n\n                     [_Passamaquoddy and Micmac_]\n\n             _Nequt Kul\u00f3skap meiaoet\n              Pechian k\u02betak\u02bemikomnok. Nit k\u02bem\u02betkinansnok\n              Neke b\u02bes\u02benboek k\u02bech\u00ee Kiwa\u02bfkwik._[39]\n\n\n    When Kul\u00f3skap the Master\n    Came into this world of ours,\n    Or the Land of the Wabanaki,\n    It was full of giants and monsters,\n    Sorcerers, dwarfs and demons,\n    Mighty beasts and men,\n    Fiends and the Indian devils,\n    And, worst of all, the witches,\n    And worst among them P\u00fbjinskwes,\n    A word which means \u201cThe Pitcher.\u201d\n\n    She could be fair when she would,\n    Fair as a rosy sky\n    With stars still beaming in it\n    In very early dawn;\n    Or terrible as a storm,\n    When it howls among the mountains,\n    And lightens in the midnight.\n\n    Now while the Master was young,\n    And had not gained the power\n    Which he won in riper age,\n    P\u00fbjinskwes sought his love.\n    But he knew that she was evil,\n    So he fled away from her wooing,\n    And the wild-cat witch pursued him.\n    It was a dreadful flight,\n    Since to make their steps the longer\n    Both took the giant form,\n    Took it by magic power.\n\n    It was an awful storm,\n    A terrible storm in winter\n    When the wind is chasing the clouds;\n    It was like a frightful tempest\n    In summer when the lightning\n    Chases after the thunder.\n    Deep lay the snow on the earth;\n    Therefore they both wore snow-shoes;\n    But, when they came to the shore,\n    Kul\u00f3skap leaped from the mainland\n    Over the sea between\n    To the island of Grand Manan;\n    And so he escaped from the sorceress;\n    For the shoes which the Master wore\n    Were round and out of the common;\n    While those of the witch were long,\n    Long it is said and pointed,\n    And the marks of the two are still\n    To be seen deep pressed in the rocks\n    By the shore to this very day.\n\n    But for days and years thereafter\n    P\u00fbjinskwes sought to slay him,\n    And she had terrible power,\n    The might of the Evil Witches\n    Which came from the early time.\n\n    Now \u2019tis the greater part\n    Of the Indian art of magic\n    To know what our foes are planning,\n    Planning and plotting against us,\n    And all their tricks and devices\n    Which they scheme in the darkened paths,\n    The darkened paths of Evil.\n    In knowing this, Kul\u00f3skap\n    Was the greatest and the first,\n    And, knowing new arts of magic,\n    Went far beyond them all.\n    For before his time all sorcerers\n    Went every one his way\n    Unheeding the ways of others,\n    Even in wickedness.\n    But Kul\u00f3skap first of all\n    Threw out his soul unto others\n    To find what others knew.\n\n    When the Lord was on the warpath\n    Seeking the sorcerer Winpe\n    Who had carried away his household,\n    He came to Ogomkeok\n    Where he found a great birch wigwam,\n    And, in the wigwam seated\n    Bending over a fire,\n    A strange old woman--a horror\n    Of all old hags and ugliest--\n    Trembling in every limb,\n    As if death stood at her elbow,\n    Dirty, ragged and loathsome,\n    He never had seen the like.\n\n    Then looking up at the Master\n    With bleared and pitiful stare,\n    She begged him to bring some fire-wood\n    Which he did indeed, while knowing\n    Who it was who was so disguised,\n    For he knew it was P\u00fbjinskwes\n    And he laughed at her in his heart.\n\n    Then she said to him, \u201cO stranger,\n    As thou art a man of mercy,\n    Pray free me from the _waag\u00fbkw_\n    From the monstrous terrible vermin\n    Which madden me by their bites!\u201d\n    Now all the _waag\u00fbkw_ were devils,\n    The spirits of every poison,\n    Which she thought had such a power\n    As must even kill the Master.\n\n    But he foreseeing this\n    Had taken as he came\n    Cranberries from a swamp,\n    And bidding her bend over,\n    He took the imps from her hair,\n    And every one as he took it\n    Turned into a porcupine,\n    Or else a terrible toad.\n    When she asked him, \u201cHave you found one?\u201d\n    And, \u201cI have,\u201d replied the Master;\n    Then, \u201cCrush it,\u201d was her answer,\n    So then he crushed a berry,\n    And P\u00fbjinskwes, hearing the sound,\n    Thought to herself: \u201cThe poison\n    Which is now upon his fingers\n    Will soon be in his heart,\n    And death will follow after.\u201d\n\n    But Kul\u00f3skap put the devils\n    One by one as he found them\n    Under a wooden platter\n    Which was lying close beside him.\n    And as he did this he chanted\n    A song which put her to sleep,\n    A song of wonderful power.\n    So she slept until the morrow\n    And when she awoke, the Master\n    Was far away, and her devils,\n    Porcupines, toads and all,\n    Were swarming over the floor,\n    For they had upset the platter.\n    Then she was filled with fury\n    To think he despised her so\n    That he had not even cared\n    To kill her while a-sleeping.\n    Then she burst forth in madness,\n    Wild as the Indian devil\n    Forth in her own true figure\n    As beautiful as sin,\n    Wild as the wolverine;\n    And gathering up her imps,\n    And summoning all her power\n    Of magic by fiercer will,\n    Went forth to meet the Master.\n\n    Onward he went to the North\n    Till he came to a pass in the hills.\n    It was a great ravine\n    Wherein two monstrous beasts\n    Waylaid all travellers\n    And tore them limb from limb.\n    Straight at his dogs they flew;\n    He did but touch the dogs,\n    And speak a word of power,\n    When up they grew to size\n    Stupendous, so they seized\n    The beasts e\u2019en as the wolf\n    Seizes a rabbit. Then\n    The fight was at an end.\n    These dogs had been so trained\n    That when called off they fought\n    More fiercely than before,\n    And when told not to bite\n    They ever bit the more.\n\n    Soon he came to the top\n    Of a high hill, and looking\n    Afar o\u2019er all the land\n    Beheld, away in the distance,\n    A wigwam, and knew in his heart\n    That an enemy dwelt therein;\n    And coming to it he found\n    An old woman with two fair daughters.\n    But he knew at a glance that the mother\n    Was a witch among the witches,\n    And the one who sought his life.\n\n    The girls came to him greeting\n    With fond and pleasing glances,\n    Asking if he was hungry,\n    And offering him a dainty:\n    The entrails of a bear\n    Which, when turned and smoked and seasoned,\n    Are deemed by all delicious.\n    They are a common gift\n    Of Indian girls to their lovers,\n    For, when cast around the neck\n    As a necklace, it means \u201cI love you.\u201d\n    But these had been enchanted,\n    Poisoned by magic spells;\n    Had the Master taken them then\n    He would have lost his power.\n\n    Little they knew of the magic,\n    The new and wonderful magic\n    Of reading the thoughts of men,\n    Which the Lord had brought into the land,\n    Unknown to the witches of yore;\n    So as they came wooing round him\n    With smiles and wanton glances,\n    He smiled, as if all he wanted\n    Of them, was to be won!\n    So he took the gift which they offered,\n    But, instead of putting it on,\n    Cried out to his dogs, \u201c_Cuss! cuss!_\u201d\n    Which in Micmac means \u201cStop, stop!\u201d\n    But which they had been trained to believe\n    Was, \u201cHie at them!\u201d They flew at the witches\n    When both flashed up like fire\n    In the terrible form of devils,\n    As flaming female fiends.\n    Then came an awful tumult\n    Such as never before was seen\n    In the land of the Waban\u00e2ki;\n    All the earth and rocks around\n    Were rent in the dreadful tumult\n    And all the while the Master\n    Cried merrily to his dogs:\n    \u201cStop, stop! These are my sisters,\n    Let them alone! Be quiet!\u201d\n    But the more he bade them be peaceful\n    The more they attacked the witches\n    And drove them at last away.\n\n    Then the Master entered the wigwam\n    Where P\u00fbjinskwes sat waiting,\n    Waiting for him as dead,\n    Waiting for him as food.\n    So he said to her while smiling,\n    \u201cGrandmother, are you hungry?\n    Do you love the links of a bear?\n    Then here are some.\u201d He threw them\n    Around her neck and she died,\n    Died and became a devil.\n    Yet the sorcerers when devils\n    Ever rise to life again;\n    Ever rise to work men mischief,\n    For evil can never die.\n\n    Then the Master kept on his way\n    Till he met the giant Winpe--\n    The evil sorcerer Winpe\n    Whom he slew in terrible battle.\n    This is the song of the Micmacs,\n    Of the Master\u2019s earlier deeds.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[39] When Kul\u00f3skap the Lord came into our land the country was full\nof great giants.\n\n\n\n\n                                  VI\n\n             KUL\u00d3SKAP AND THE WITCH CALLED \u201cTHE PITCHER\u201d\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                      _Uskijinwi otenesis._[40]\n\n\n    There was an Indian village\n    Wherein dwelt many people,\n    Who were all of the Pogum\u02bek\n    Or of the Black Cat totem;\n    And wisest and bravest among them\n    Was Kul\u00f3skap the chief;\n    And when he went forth a-hunting\n    With the _tum\u02beh\u00eeg\u02ben_ (tomahawk),\n    The knife and bow and arrow,\n    He slew the moose and the bear;\n    So he gave meat to the poor,\n    So he fed all the tribe,\n    Yet, though he was chief of the Black Cats,\n    He was by his mother a Bear.\n\n    P\u00fbjinskwes the witch and devil\n    Was also one of the Black Cats;\n    She was woman or man as she listed,\n    But in those days she lived as a man;\n    And, because she hated the chieftain,\n    She thought how she might kill him,\n    And take his place in the tribe.\n    One day when all the people\n    Were packing to travel away\n    To another place for summer,\n    P\u00fbjinskwes asked the chief\n    To go with him (or _her_,\n    As you may choose to take it),\n    Adown to the water side\n    To seek for the eggs of the gull.\n    Then both in a canoe\n    Went far away, and still farther,\n    Till they came to a lonely island.\n    And while Kul\u00f3skap was seeking\n    For eggs along the seaside\n    She stole away in silence,\n    Away in the _agwed\u02ben_\n    That is, in the birch-canoe.\n    And as she paddled away\n    She sang in the Indian tongue:\n    \u201c_Nikedha pogum\u02bek m\u02bene\u02bfnuk\n    Petesinel sag\u02bemawiw!_\u201d[41]\n    \u201cI have left the Black Cat on an island,\n    I shall be the chieftain now.\u201d\n\n    So she returned to the village;\n    Next day they all departed,\n    There was not one of them left,\n    Save the one who was worth them all.\n    Then at night they camped, and expected\n    The chief who w\u2019ould come to them,\n    And then the evil Pitcher\n    Ruled them as Sagamore.\n\n    Now for thirty days Kul\u00f3skap\n    Who had well-nigh lost his power\n    Of magic, as all magicians\n    Are often all exhausted,\n    Remembered that his friend\n    The Fox was mteolin,\n    With all the strength of sorcery.\n    And still the mighty Master\n    Could sing the wonderful song\n    Which is heard to any distance,\n    Away over forests and mountains,\n    Over the rolling rivers.\n    So he sang and the Fox soon heard it,\n    And he travelled by night and day\n    Until he came to the ocean,\n    And swam to the lonely isle.\n\n    \u201cNow swim with me to the mainland,\u201d\n    Said the Fox unto the Master.\n    \u201cBrother, I cannot do it\n    For all my power is gone.\u201d\n    \u201cHold to my tail\u201d said the Fox,\n    \u201cBe of good faith, my brother,\n    We soon shall gain the shore.\u201d\n\n    \u201cBut remember,\u201d said the Fox,\n    \u201cWhile we are in the water\n    Thou must keep thine eyes fast shut.\n    All depends upon that,\n    On that alone and thy faith.\u201d\n\n    So all went well for a time,\n    But anon the chief grew weary,\n    And opening one eye a little\n    It seemed to him that truly\n    They were not ten feet from the shore,\n    And being of little faith\n    He thought--for he spoke not aloud:\n    \u201cWe shall never get to land:\u201d\n    But the Fox who read his thought,\n    Replied, \u201cDo not believe it,\n    I _will_ that we reach the shore.\u201d\n\n    But the journey lasted long,\n    For what seemed unto the Master\n    To be ten feet, was really\n    Ten miles--and the wind was high,\n    And the waves were wild and beat them,\n    For the witch had raised a storm;\n    And it was late in the evening\n    Before they reached the land.\n\n    \u201cAnd now my elder brother,\u201d\n    Said the Fox, \u201cyou may go your way.\u201d\n    He went and came to the camp\n    Where he had left his people.\n\n    There all was silent and sad,\n    The ashes were cold on the hearths,\n    In the deserted homes,\n    In the lonely, silent wigwams;\n    So he followed the tracks of the Indians,\n    And in a day came near them.\n    The first whom he overtook\n    Was his mother bearing his brother;\n    N\u02bemokswes, that is the Sable,\n    Or as others say the Marten.\n    She bore him on her back,\n    The child\u2019s back lay against her,\n    So that, while she looked forward,\n    He could only look behind.\n    As Kul\u00f3skap peered from a thicket,\n    Smiling to see the boy,\n    The Sable cried: \u201cOh, my brother\n    Is coming to us at last!\u201d\n    And she turned her head, yet saw nothing,\n    For the Master hid his head\n    Quickly behind a tree.\n    But the infant cried again:\n    \u201cIndeed and truly, mother,\n    I saw my brother there!\u201d\n    And this time glancing quickly\n    She caught a sight of the Master,\n    And they all laughed for joy.\n\n    Then the mother threw N\u02bemokswes\n    Like a stick down into the leaves,\n    But the Master bade him rise\n    And run to the camp with speed.\n    \u201cAnd when you are there,\u201d he said,\n    \u201cBuild up a mighty fire,\n    A fire of hemlock bark,\n    And take the Pitcher\u2019s babe,\n    Whom she so dearly loves,\n    And has given to you to tend,\n    And throw it into the fire;\n    Then run to me for your life,\n    For verily thou wilt be\n    In direst need to do it.\u201d\n\n    And as he had commanded\n    It was done. When the fire was hot\n    N\u02bemokswes threw the imp,\n    The child of an evil mother,\n    Into the roaring flames,\n    And it was burned to death.\n    Then the sorceress who was maddened,\n    As you may well believe,\n    With rage, pursued the Sable,\n    Even as a starving wolf\n    Chases a rabbit in winter:\n    N\u02bemokswes in great fear\n    Cried, \u201cOh my elder brother!\u201d\n    And the sorceress yelled: \u201cCall out!\n    Call loudly as you can!\n    For to save your life you must run\n    As far as the distant island\n    Where I left him long ago.\u201d\n    But at the word the Master\n    Stepped forward, and as he faced her\n    Said: \u201cHe need not run so far.\u201d\n\n    Then, seeing him, fear came o\u2019er her,\n    But laughing aloud to hide it,\n    She said: \u201cI only chased him\n    In sport, for I truly love him.\u201d\n    But the Master answered grimly,\n    \u201cI know thee and thy love,\n    And also all thy tricks,\n    Thou who art truly a devil.\u201d\n    Then feeling that his power\n    Of magic was returning,\n    He used his mighty will,\n    And the will awoke to might,\n    And before his breath the sorceress\n    Was driven backward lightly,\n    Like a leaf before the wind\n    Till her back was against a tree;\n    Then he said to her, \u201cRemain\n    Ever attached to the bark,\u201d\n    And so indeed she remained,\n    Though not as the Master meant.\n\n    Then the Master and his brother\n    Together went to the camp;\n    Great was the joy when he came.\n\n    The Pitcher had a hatchet,\n    And so with much ado\n    She cut herself (or himself),\n    In time away from the tree.\n    The Black Cats heard her chopping,\n    Pounding and chopping all night;\n    And wondered what it might be.\n    She came to them in the morning,\n    But a fragment from the tree\n    Ever adhered to her back:\n    So they laughed at her in scorn,\n    And sang together these words:\n\n      \u201cHe who made the chief\n      Stay on a distant island,\n      Is now stuck by the chief\n      Fast with his back to a tree.\u201d\n\n    It is said she turned to a toad\n    Which bears to this day on its back\n    A hump, or the piece of wood\n    Which was carried away from the tree.\n    Though another legend has it\n    That, as during all her life\n    She had tormented men\n    With her insatiate longing,\n    She was changed to a mosquito\n    Which preys on them in the night,\n    The blood-thirsty stinging T\u02besiso\n    Ever a-stinging and singing:\n    \u201cGive me thy life and blood.\u201d\n    It is said it was at Fresh-Water,\n    After she left Bar Harbor,\n    That she changed into the insect\n    Which ever will bear her name.\n\n    P\u00fbjinskwes had many children\n    Whose fathers were giants and monsters,\n    Sorcerers and demons,\n    But, as they all were hideous,\n    She stole from the Indian women\n    Their fairest babes, and pretended\n    That they were all her own.\n    Among these was a comely youth,\n    And as he grew older he wondered\n    That most of his brothers and sisters\n    Were dark and like the devils\n    While he, and a few, were fair.\n    So one day he asked P\u00fbjinskwes\n    Why it was? She answered laughing:\n    \u201cThe dark were born in the darkness,\n    But thou, my son, by day.\u201d\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[40] There was an Indian village.\n\n[41] This couplet indicates the metre into which most of the original\ncan be resolved.\n\n\n\n\n                                 VII\n\n          HOW KUL\u00d3SKAP SAILED THROUGH THE CAVERN OF DARKNESS\n\n                              [_Micmac_]\n\n        _N\u02bekani b\u02bemaoinnoak itmok niktuk iloiknuk wesisek\n         Kul\u00f3skap honichan uch negum\n         Naga honosokoan nihit Piliomeskasik ktak\u02bemigw._[42]\n\n\n    It is told in old traditions,\n    And even in them with a difference,\n    According to the nations\n    In which these songs are sung,\n    That \u201cin these olden times,\u201d\n    Kul\u00f3skap\u2019s seven neighbors,\n    That is, seven beasts of the forest,\n    Stole his family from him\n    And that he long pursued them\n    Even to N\u00e9wfoundl\u00e1nd.\n\n    When he came there it was night,\n    And, finding Marten alone,\n    He took him into the forest,\n    Bidding him seek for game,\n    Putting his belt on the boy;\n    Which gave him such magic power\n    That he killed both moose and bear,\n    And brought all gayly home.\n\n    Now it came to pass in the morning,\n    That old Dame K\u00e2k\u00e2g\u00fbch,\n    The meddling and spying Crow,\n    Observed that meat was drying\n    In the smoke of the Master\u2019s wigwam.\n    This news she spread abroad,\n    Adding that trouble was coming,\n    For the Master must have returned.\n\n    Then a great fear came upon them,\n    They sat every man in his wigwam,\n    Waiting for death in silence\n    For they knew the Master had come.\n    But when he had slain Winpe\n    And saw them sitting in silence,\n    Frightened like so many rabbits\n    Before a hungry wild-cat,\n    He laughed aloud and forgave them;\n    For he was noble and generous,\n    And cared for no small foe.\n    And as they were very hungry,\n    For he had come in a time\n    When all of them were starving.\n    He fed them all with venison;\n    So sorrow left the wigwams.\n    But as they had left him of old,\n    He left them in turn and departed.\n    Ere they had known his power,\n    They had left him alone to die;\n    Now that they knew his power,\n    They feared they should die without him.\n    But he left them to go their path\n    And turned his steps toward others.\n    Then, having made a canoe,\n    The Master and his mother,\n    Dame Bear, and Marten, his brother,\n    Went forth on a mighty river\n    Which was in its beginning\n    Both broad and beautiful.\n    So they sailed away down the stream\n    Till they came to mighty cliffs\n    Which ever grew higher and closer,\n    Till they met in an arch overhead,\n    But the river ran on beneath them,\n    And ever far underground,\n    Deep into earth and deeper,\n    Till it dashed into roaring rapids\n    Among rocks and wild ravines;\n    Then under cataracts,\n    So horrible that death\n    Seemed to come and go as they darted\n    With every plunge and motion\n    Headlong in their canoe.\n\n  [Illustration:\n    But the Master with silent soul\n    Ever sang the songs of magic.]\n\n    Narrower grew the water,\n    More dreadful still the current,\n    And fear came over the mother\n    And then on the brother Marten,\n    Till of that fear they died.\n    But the Master with silent soul\n    Ever sang the songs of magic,\n    The awful incantations,\n    Till he had passed the darkness\n    And came again into sunlight,\n    The bright and beautiful day.\n\n    He found upon the bank\n    A lonely deserted wigwam,\n    Therein he carried the dead,\n    And, laying them down, he said:\n    \u201c_Nemchaase!_\u201d that is, \u201cArise!\u201d\n    And behold they both arose,\n    And thought they had only slept.\n    Then the Master found by this trial\n    He had gained his greatest power.         L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[42] The old people say that seven beasts stole Kul\u00f3skap\u2019s family\nfrom him and that he followed them to Newfoundland.\n\n\n\n\n                                 VIII\n\n                   HOW THE MASTER FOUND THE SUMMER\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                  _Piche pamaosoinnoak wiwikitop\u02benik\n                   Mequatoekak ospassio._[43]\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    In the long time ago,\n    When people ever lived\n    In the red morning light\n    Or ever the day of man had come;\n    Before the sun had risen\n    And ere the Eastern land\n    Was peopled as to-day,\n    Kul\u00f3skap, the great lord,\n    Went far into the North\n    Where all was snow and ice.\n\n    He came to a great lodge\n    Wherein he found a giant,\n    Truly a wondrous one\n    The greatest of his race,\n    For he was Winter. When\n    The Indian god came in,\n    He sat in silence down;\n    Then gave as welcoming\n    A pipe unto his guest;\n    And as they smoked, the host\n    Told stories to the chief--\n    Tales of the olden time,\n    In the old giant tongue.\n    A charm was in the words,\n    The enchantment of the frost,\n    And so the giant talked on,\n    Freezing with every word,\n    Until Kul\u00f3skap fell\n    Into a sleep like death.\n    Six months he silent lay,\n    Even as the bear or toad\n    Lies quietly till spring:\n\n    Then, when the charm was gone,\n    The Indian god awoke,\n    Woke with his might renewed.\n    Homeward he turned his way\n    Unto the glowing South.\n    At every step his foot\n    Met with the growing grass,\n    Warm breezes greeted him,\n    And many a forest flower\n    Rose up and talked in song.\n\n    He came into a dell\n    Deep in the greenwood shade,\n    Where many little fays,\n    Fair little sun-ray elves,\n    Were dancing in their joy.\n    And their sweet fairy queen,\n    Bright Summer, led the round--\n    Summer most beautiful\n    Of beings ever born.\n    He caught fair Summer up,\n    And, by a crafty trick,\n    He kept her as his own;\n    For, as he fled away,\n    And as the elves pursued,\n    He let behind him trail\n    A long and slender cord\n    Cut from a moose-hide. All\n    Pulled gayly at the end;\n    But as he ran, he let\n    The cord run out, and they\n    Were ever left behind,\n    Because by magic power\n    The moose-cord had no end!\n    Even so the Lord escaped\n    The Fairies of the Light,\n    The Ladies of the Dawn!\n\n    Again as he returned\n    He came unto the lodge\n    Where grim old Winter lay,\n    Who gayly welcomed him,\n    Hoping to freeze the god\n    Again into sleep, and hold\n    Him very sternly there,\n    Forever in his power.\n    But hidden in his breast\n    Kul\u00f3skap held the charm\n    Of a great victory,\n    For he had Summer there;\n    Even as now to you\n    I sing the summer song!\n\n    They sat them down and smoked.\n    This time the Master told\n    Tales of the ancient time\n    In the old giant tongue\n    Once spoken by the gods--\n    Magic and wonder tales.\n    This time he had the power;\n    His spell was mightiest,\n    And his strange wizardry\n    The stronger of the two.\n    Ere long the hut grew warm\n    And then down Winter\u2019s cheeks,\n    His cheeks of hard gray stone,\n    The melting ice-drops ran,\n    Till he and all his home\n    Fell down, and in a flood\n    As water rushed away\n    Adown between the rocks\n    Into the roaring sea!\n\n    Then everything awoke.\n    The seeds and wildflowers grew.\n    The snow in rivers ran\n    Bearing away the leaves\n    Left from the Fall before;\n    The fairies all came out\n    And then Kul\u00f3skap turned\n    Again unto the South,\n    Leaving his captive there;\n    Summer was in the land.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[43] Long ago people used to live in the red light of morning.\n\n\n\n\n                                  IX\n\n                     HOW KUL\u00d3SKAP LEFT THE WORLD\n\n                     [_Passamaquoddy and Micmac_]\n\n                  _Yut negum tan Kul\u00f3skap\n                   Udelinaktamnes uskitkamigw._[44]\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    When the great Kul\u00f3skap,\n    The Lord of Beasts and Men,\n    By power, for all his people\n    And for the world, had subdued\n    All of the evil things\n    Which cursed the early time,\n    Giants and sorcerers,\n    Witches and devils dire,\n    Fiends and every horror,\n    All were silenced then.\n    The ice-hearted Kiwak\u02bfw\n    Wandered no longer free\n    In the green wilderness,\n    And the mighty bird Kull\u00fb,\n    Great as a hundred eagles,\n    No longer scared the Indian\n    As it spread its mighty wings\n    Like a cloud \u2019twixt earth and the sun.\n    Evil beasts, devils and serpents\n    Were found no more in the land,\n    And the world at last knew peace;\n    For the Master had taught to man\n    All that should make him happy;\n    But all were in turn ungrateful,\n    And, while they feared the Master,\n    Grew every day more wicked,\n    Forgetting him in their hearts;\n    And sin roared in the land.\n\n    Now when the ways of men\n    And of beasts became so evil,\n    So false, proud and ferocious,\n    Kul\u00f3skap as their lord\n    Was angered at their sin,\n    Yet bore it as a god\n    Till all his love was gone;\n    As oil spreads over the sea\n    Till all is thinned away.\n    Then he sent messengers forth\n    Inviting all to a feast,\n    The richest ever known\n    By the great Lake Minas shore,\n    On the silver water\u2019s edge;\n    And all the beasts of the wood,\n    The fathers of all the tribes,\n    Came to the feast in state,\n    Came at the call, to revel;\n    But the Lord had little to say.\n    Solemn and grim was the banquet,\n    All knew that the chief was going,\n    And knew, too, why he would leave them.\n\n    And when the feast was over,\n    Kul\u00f3skap, the Lord of all living,\n    Entered his great canoe\n    And sailed away over the water,\n    The shining waves of Minas;\n    And they looked in silence at him\n    Until they could see him no more.\n    Yet, after they ceased to behold him,\n    They still heard his voice in song,\n    The wonderful voice of the Master!\n    But the sounds grew fainter and fainter\n    And softer in the distance,\n    Till at last they died away.\n\n    Then over them all was silence,\n    Till a wonder came to pass;\n    For all the beasts, who, before\n    Had spoken but one common language,\n    Now talked in different tongues;\n    Each with a tongue of his own\n    Understood the others no more.\n\n    So they parted from one another\n    And fled to the sea or the forest;\n    And, since that day of the parting,\n    They never have met in council,\n    And never again will meet\n    Till the day when all sins and sorrows\n    Will be in full forgiven,\n    Forgiven and forgotten,\n    And their Lord the great Kul\u00f3skap\n    Shall return to restore to his children\n    The age of sunshine and plenty;\n    When all shall dwell together\n    In peace and joy forever;\n    Till then the world will mourn.\n\n    And \u2019tis said that, when the Master\n    Had left Acadia,\n    The bird who most had loved him,\n    The great white Snowy Owl\n    Went far into the North,\n    Into the deep dark forest,\n    Where to this day his children\n    Sing to the night \u201c_K\u016bku\u02bfsk\u016b\u016bs!_\u201d\n    Which means in Indian,\n    \u201cI am sorry, oh, I am sorry!\u201d\n    And the loons who had been his huntsmen,\n    Go up and down by the waters,\n    Over the snow-topped mountains,\n    Across the rushing rivers,\n    Through dale and wood and valley,\n    Seeking in vain for their master,\n    The Lord whom they cannot meet;\n    Ever wailing, wailing sadly,\n    Because they find him not.         L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[44] This is how Kul\u00f3skap left the world.\n\n\n\n\n                                  X\n\n                     THE MASTER AND THE FINAL DAY\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                     _Kul\u00f3skap mech p\u02bemaoso?_[45]\n\n\n    \u201cIs Kul\u00f3skap living yet?\u201d\n    Yes, far away, but no one knoweth where--\n    Beyond the mountains or above the skies,\n    Where in the autumn\u2019s lengthening twilight shades,\n    He smokes his _t\u016bm\u02beh\u00eeg\u02benpow\u00e2gon_,\n    His ancient tomahawk-pipe,\n    Making the brown air\n    Of the pleasant Indian summer.\n    Some say that he sailed away\n    In his marvellous stone canoe,\n    Afar beyond the sea,\n    To the country of the East;\n    Some that he went to the West;\n    And \u2019tis said that in days of old\n    There were men who knew where he dwelt,\n    And, making a pilgrimage\n    Could get from him what they sought.\n    And they say that, even now,\n    If you travel ever on,\n    Travel in perfect faith,\n    You\u2019ll find at last the Kchi Sagem,\n    That is the great Sagamore\n    The greatest of all lords.\n\n    \u201cIs Kul\u00f3skap living yet?\u201d\n    Yes, he lives in a very great wigwam,\n    A wigwam very long--\n    That is, a council lodge--\n    Where he always is making arrows;\n    And all one side of the lodge\n    Is full of arrows now,\n    All closely packed together,\n    Even as your fingers lie.\n    When all the lodge shall be full\n    The god will come forth to battle,\n    And till then no mortal being\n    May ever enter the wigwam.\n\n    \u201cOn whom will war be made?\u201d\n    He will make it on all mankind,\n    He will end all life that endures,\n    For the world will pass away\n    When that battle shall come to an end.\n    I know not when it will be,\n    To-morrow it may come\n    Or hundreds of years away.\n\n    \u201cAre any to be saved\n    By any one, in that hour?\u201d\n    That is beyond my ken,\n    All I have heard is this:\n    That the world will pass away\n    In roaring fire and flame,\n    While all the sea will rise\n    Hot boiling into mist,\n    And that the good with it\n    Will rise on high to heaven;\n    It may perhaps be so;\n    I\u2019ve only heard it told,\n    Just heard it--and no more.          L.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[45] Is Kul\u00f3skap alive yet?\n\n\n\n\n                             PART SECOND\n\n                          =Witchcraft Lore=\n\n\n\n\n                           WITCHCRAFT LORE\n\n\n\n\n                                  I\n\n                          THE WIZARD\u2019S CHANT\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n            _Nil nolbin naga ntetlitemen pekholagon._[46]\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    I sit and beat the wizard\u2019s magic drum;\n    And by its mystic sound I call the beasts.\n    From mountain lair and forest nook they throng;\n    E\u2019en mighty storms obey the dreadful sound.\n\n    I sit and beat the wizard\u2019s magic drum;\n    The storm and thunder answer when it calls.\n    Aplasemwesit, mighty whirlwind, stops\n    To hearken to the mystic sound I make.\n\n    I sit and beat the wizard\u2019s magic drum;\n    And Chibela\u02bfkwe, night-air spirit, flies\n    To hearken to the mystic sound I make;\n    And old Wu\u02becho\u02bfsen, storm-bird of the North,\n    Rests his great pinions, causing calm to reign,\n    To hearken to the mystic sound I make.\n\n    I sit and beat the wizard\u2019s magic drum;\n    And Lumpeguin, who dwells beneath the wave,\n    Arises to the surface struck with awe,\n    To hearken to the mystic sound I make.\n    E\u2019en Atwuskniges, armed with axe of stone,\n    Will cease his endless chopping, and be still\n    To hearken to the mystic sound I make.\n\n    I sit and beat the wizard\u2019s magic drum;\n    And Appodumken, with his long, red hair,\n    Ariseth from the depths, and draweth near\n    To hearken to the mystic sound I make.\n\n    The lightning, thunder, storm and forest sprite,\n    The whirlwind, gale, and spirit of the deep,\n    The Chibela\u02bfkwe, loathly night-air ghost,\n    All come together, and with reverent mien\n    Will hearken to the mystic sound I make.          P.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[46] I sit and beat the magic drum.\n\n\n\n\n                                  II\n\n                      THE WOMAN AND THE SERPENT\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                    _Pi\u02bfchedog La\u02bftogwesnuk._[47]\n\n\n    Far away, very far in the North,\n    There dwelt by a great fair lake\n    An Indian and his wife,\n    A very beautiful woman\n    Given to strange wild dreams;\n    Passion was in her blood.\n\n    The lake was frozen over\n    For many months in the year;\n    One day, when she cut away\n    The ice, she saw in the water\n    A pair of wonderful eyes\n    Steadily gazing at her;\n    Bright eyes which charmed her so\n    That she could not move a hand;\n    Then she saw a handsome face\n    And a graceful slender young man,\n    Who rose from the glittering water,\n    And he himself, like it,\n    Glittered from head to foot;\n    On his breast were _n\u02beskemanul_,\n    Or shining silvery plates.\n\n    He said, \u201cI am A\u02bftosis,\n    The King of all the Serpents\u201d;\n    Little she cared for his nature,\n    She talked with him of love,\n    She returned his fond embraces;\n    Every day she came to meet him,\n    And often in the night.\n\n    Her husband noticed that often\n    She strayed away from home,\n    And asked her, why she wandered?\n    She answered, \u201cTo get fresh air.\u201d\n\n    The weather grew ever warmer;\n    The ice from the lake had melted,\n    Grass, flowers and leaves were growing.\n    The woman patiently waited\n    Till her husband was asleep;\n    Then she stole away in silence\n    From the one whom she kissed no more\n    Unto her serpent lover\n    Whom she kissed with all her heart.\n\n    The husband greatly suspecting,\n    Resolved to watch her wandering.\n    And so, to avert suspicion,\n    Said, \u201cStay here in the wigwam,\n    For I shall be gone three days\n    To hunt the deer in the forest.\u201d\n    But at the end of the second\n    He came again to the wigwam,\n    And found that she was absent.\n    As he sat, re-kindling the fire,\n    She entered. He saw upon her\n    Bright shining silver scales;\n    He asked her what \u2019twas that glittered?\n    She answered, \u201cMy silver brooches.\u201d\n\n    He said. \u201cI must go again\n    To be absent hunting to-morrow.\u201d\n    He went to the top of a hill\n    Overlooking the lake, where he watched her.\n    She went and sat by the shore;\n    Then rose afar in the water\n    What seemed to his sight to be\n    A shining flake of ice,\n    But when it came to the shore\n    \u2019Twas a tall and slender man\n    All clad, as it seemed, in silver.\n    The woman leapt up and embraced him,\n    And gave him many kisses.\n\n    The husband in awe and anger\n    Went forth to other people,\n    And left his wife forever;\n    But soon her father and mother\n    Came to her home to see her,\n    And dwelt with her many days.\n    And every day, when returning\n    From an absence they knew not whither,\n    She brought them furs and venison,\n    With fish and fowl in plenty.\n\n    They asked her whence she had it?\n    She answered, \u201cI have another,\n    A husband who suits me better\n    Than him whom first I married.\n    This one can give me all.\n    He is a better hunter.\u201d\n    She sent them away with presents,\n    With many silver bracelets,\n    With many ear-rings and brooches\n    And said: \u201cDo not return\n    Till the ice is here in winter.\u201d\n\n    When they returned they found her\n    White as a silver lily:\n    Her Indian hue had faded;\n    And soon she gave birth to offspring\n    But her children all were serpents.\n    Then the parents went away;\n    But even as they left her\n    She said: \u201cWhen you come again\n    You will see me but never know me!\u201d\n\n    Years after three Indian hunters\n    Who had heard this wondrous story\n    Sought by the lake for the wigwam.\n    It was standing still, but empty,\n    But all the wood about it\n    Was full of great black serpents\n    Which from the grass uprising\n    Would look them in the face\n    Then glide away in silence.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[47] Far away in the north.\n\n\n\n\n                                 III\n\n                           THE WIZARD SNAKE\n\n                             [_Abenaki_]\n\n                  _No\u00f1wat nizwak no\u00f1kskwesizak._[48]\n\n\n    Long years ago, two lovely Indian girls\n    Were wont to leave their people every week,\n    Embarking secretly in birch canoe.\n    Their tribe knew neither why nor where they went.\n    One summer\u2019s noon a hunter chanced to stray\n    Close to a well-hid pond in forest deep,\n    Where, puzzled by the sound of plashing spray,\n    He stole behind the alders for a peep.\n    There swam the damsels in abandoned glee,\n    Their hair all streaming with a loathly snake.\n    Then when they felt the hunter\u2019s look of awe\n    Straightway they dived beneath the surface foul.\n    In horror, back the hunter made his way\n    And told the Indians what his eyes had seen.\n    Then, all together left the happy town\n    And struggling through the brush and tangled wood\n    Went straightway to that fearsome pool to save\n    The damsels from a fate too dread to tell.\n    But ah, when they drew near, they heard them sing,\n    All sad and woful in a wailing chant:\n    \u201cNo more, no more may we turn back again,\n    For mortal eye hath seen us in our sin.\u201d          P.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[48] Long ago there were two maidens.\n\n\n\n\n                                  IV\n\n                          THE MEASURING WORM\n\n                             [_Abenaki_]\n\n                  _No\u00f1wat alno\u00f1bak liw\u02belalmo\u00f1ldam\u014dk\n                   Ali m\u02bedaulin\u02bewak a\u00efdit._[49]\n\n\n    Long, long ago the Indians believed in witches\u2019 power.\n    One day a man was hunting far from human sights and sounds,\n    Deep in the wildest forest glades, nor thought of magic wiles,\n    When suddenly he heard a voice which said to him: \u201cDepart,\n    And come again to this same spot at earliest streak of dawn.\u201d\n    Awestruck, the hunter at the hour appointed sought once more\n    To hear the mystic tones which came to him he knew not whence.\n    So at the morrow\u2019s dawn he trod again the darksome glade;\n    And once again he heard the voice command him in this wise:\n    \u201cBegone from here and seek the spot where yawns a precipice.\n    There on the earth thine eyes shall see a liver freshly cut\n    This eat and then depart; but come again, I\u2019ll give thee strength.\u201d\n    Then on the following day, he brought his bow and arrows sharp\n    And heard the voice command him: \u201cDo thou shoot at yonder tree,\u201d\n    He shot, and saw his arrow pass straight through the doom\u00e8d tree.\n\n    Astonished beyond measure then, he bade his mother look.\n    \u201c_O kini nik\u02ben_,\u201d \u201cmother, see,\u201d he cried in wonder great.\n    His mother saw and straightway feared; began to watch the lad,\n    And marked that when he lay at night no sleep would come to him,\n    But always after little time he\u2019d rise and steal away,\n    Till daylight dawned and then he would come creeping back to bed.\n    At last, all tortured by her pain and harrowed by her fears,\n    She questioned him and said: \u201cMy son, where hast thou been all\n         night?\u201d\n    Quoth he: \u201cMy friend and I have played together in the wood.\u201d\n    She asked once more: \u201cMy son, pray tell what is it that you do.\u201d\n    \u201cWe have been killing serpents vile and eating them,\u201d said he;\n    \u201cA serpent\u2019s liver eaten giveth magic gifts to man.\n    I am not as I was before, but have the power to move\n    And climb from ledge to ledge as doth a worm, upon my head.\n    My friend hath taught me how to pass through ways impassable\n    To all save us.\u201d \u201cWho is thy friend?\u201d His mother asked of him.\n    \u201cHis name is Tateb\u00e1kwunowat, which means \u2018a Measuring Worm.\u2019\n    Of sport like this I never dreamed;\u201d and yet the mother feared,\n    And told her ag\u00e8d husband that their son was lost to them;\n    For he\u2019d become _m\u02bedaulin_ and endowed with secret might.\n    Then spake the father: \u201cThis shall cease; I know a way to save\n    The foolish lad.\u201d So when the evening came, he locked him in\n    And would not let him forth to roam in spite of all his prayers.\n    Then came the sound of some one walking heavily and hard,\n    The old man looked and saw a Thing of horror at his door,\n    Large eyes, short arms, short body and long legs of insect shape.\n    \u201cSet free thy son thou foolish one,\u201d the loathsome wizard cried.\n    \u201cNot I,\u201d replied the father, and at once let fall the flap\n    Before his wigwam door. The lad grew very ill and begged,\n    Entreated and implored that he might be allowed to roam\n    As he had done before, but only got the answer \u201cNo.\u201d\n\n    Yet once again when morning\u2019s light shone whitely on the trees,\n    Another wizard slowly came before the wigwam door.\n    At his approach the leaves and shrubs all rustled as from wind.\n    \u201cWhy dost thou seek to keep thy son from getting magic power?\n    He hath the magic gift to be the greatest of the great\n    Among us men who practise arts unknown to thee and thine.\u201d\n    So spoke the wizard scornfully; the father stern replied:\n    \u201cI have no wish that son of mine should be like thee and thine.\u201d\n    Then quoth the wizard: \u201cThou shalt see thy son die here to-night,\n    For we have taken him too far to let him back to thee.\u201d\n    \u201cI care not if he die or no,\u201d the father answering said,\n    And moaning with an angry moan the wizard drew away\n    And soon was lost to sight amid the waving forest leaves.\n\n    In awful agony the boy lay stretched upon the earth\n    Retching and crying out as one who soon must breathe his last.\n    Till suddenly he vomited a mass of serpent skins,\n    And then at last cast up the magic liver from his mouth.\n    This was the end of all his woe, for when that loathsome thing\n    Had left his body he arose all strong and purged and clean\n    And never more was known to seek to practise magic arts.     P.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[49] Long ago the Indians believed there were wizards.\n\n\n\n\n                                  V\n\n                       THE P\u02beMULA OR AIR-DEMON\n\n                             [_Abenaki_]\n\n           _No\u00f1wat agua ni alno\u00f1bak p\u02bemigowak k\u02bepiwi._[50]\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    In days of yore some Indians were camping in the woods\n    And one of them when near a stream heard a strange sound o\u2019erhead.\n    At once he looked and lo he saw a sprite of upper air,\n    Called by the Indians, P\u02bem\u00fbla, alighting on a ledge.\n\n    The demon took a piece of yellow metal from his lips\n    And bent himself to drink and then, restoring to his mouth\n    The metal, spread his spacious wings and, rising, soared away.\n    The man perceived that power to fly lay hidden in this charm,\n    And so at once decided he would steal the thing away.\n    It was not long before he heard again the rush of wings.\n    This time, though, when the demon had alighted, he ran forth,\n    And, snatching up the yellow charm, said, laughingly: \u201cHa, ha,\n    My friend, do thou lie there a while, and I will fly about!\u201d\n    Then the P\u02bem\u00fbla told the man: \u201cIf thou wilt let me go,\n    I\u2019ll give to thee another charm which aye will bring thee luck.\u201d\n    The Indian at once believed the demon\u2019s given word\n    And gave him back the yellow charm which brings the power of flight.\n    Soaring aloft the P\u02bem\u00fbla at once was lost to view\n    But after a brief period returned and gave the man\n    The two great eye-rings of a snake, and once again was gone.\n    No sooner had the hapless wight these eye-rings in his hands,\n    Than every kind of snake and beast that roam the northern woods\n    Surrounded him, till, terrified, he rushed to his canoe.\n    E\u2019en there a giant serpent\u2019s head confronted him agape.\n    Then, quite beside himself with fear, he fled to thickest wood,\n    And when at length all out of breath and weary with the chase\n    He had to pause, he saw that still a host of snakes was there.\n    Then suddenly he thought: \u201cThis dread comes from the magic rings.\u201d\n\n    So, raising up a heavy stone, he laid them safe beneath.\n    And there they lie unto this day all full of mystic power.\n    The Indian then ran away and saw no more strange sights,\n    But ever on his hunts abroad he killed sufficient food,\n    For all the forest creatures had no fear of him who once\n    Had had the serpent\u2019s eye-rings from the demon of the air.   P.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[50] Long ago some Indians camped in the woods.\n\n\n\n\n                                  VI\n\n                 THE LITTLE BOY KIDNAPPED BY THE BEAR\n\n                            [_Penobscot_]\n\n           _N\u00e2wad agua ele\u02bfkza ni\u02bfkwop k\u02bedado k\u00e9owun._[51]\n\n\n    I am going to tell you now what happened long ago.\n    Some Indians were camping with their children near a lake\n    And one fair morning started off to hunt the wary moose,\n    The children left alone in camp, as is the Indian way.\n    On that same day a little lad who scarce could walk unhelped,\n    Tottered and crawled away from camp until he lost the path\n    And passed the cold and bitter night afar out in the bush.\n    When morning dawned he thought he saw his mother drawing near\n    And, rushing to her side, he held her fast in firm embrace.\n    This was a she-bear, shaggy, great and strong as oxen twain.\n    She seized the lad and bore him off and fed him in her den.\n    When the old folk returned to camp they sought the boy in vain.\n\n  [Illustration:\n    This was a she-bear, shaggy, great and strong as oxen twain,\n    She seized the lad and bore him off.]\n\n    For ten full days, all day and night, they sought the boy in vain.\n    At last they broke up camp and, sorrowing, went back unto their\n         town.\n    All winter long the baby lay warmed by the sleeping bear\n    And drawing nourishment at need forth from her milky teats--\n    A wonder this, and quite unlike the usual way of bears.\n    But this one was a wizard bear who wished to keep the lad.\n    When spring-time came, the wizard of the little Indian town\n    Took twenty men and started off to seek the long-lost lad.\n    He had found out by secret arts the way to his abode.\n    When they arrived, the furious bear rushed forth in anger dire\n    But met her death by magic shot, and thus the boy was saved;\n    He ran away, but soon was caught and to his kind restored,\n    But during many years that lad was wild as any bear.          P.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[51] I am going to tell you of what happened long ago.\n\n\n\n\n                                 VII\n\n                 THE WIZARD AND THE CHRISTIAN PRIEST\n\n                             [_Abenaki_]\n\n            _Askua ali wigiidit wa\u02bfkasimig\u02bezowak\n             Sala\u02beki agua ni wijiganun kigam\u02bewinno._[52]\n\n\n    A priest of God came to an Indian town\n    And settled there to teach the people truth,\n    Which some received and others spurned with scorn.\n    Some hostile Mohawks fell upon that town,\n    Killing the folk, all save the Priest and one,\n    An Indian of many magic gifts.\n\n    Late in the afternoon of that same day\n    The Mohawks reached their village with these two:\n    The holy Priest and Wizard skilled in craft.\n    The Mohawks held a council by the fire\n    Discussing how to torture best the twain,\n    So as to see their frenzy, and enjoy\n    With gloating satisfaction every pain.\n    They all agreed to heat two earthen pots\n    On fiery coals unto the whitest heat;\n    Then place these pots upon the head of each\n    And watch them dance about till life was spent.\n\n    With merry whoop they started up the fires;\n    Began at once to heat the torture pots.\n    Soon, when they thought the glow was great enough,\n    They first of all laid hands upon the Priest.\n    Then he who had been taken with the Priest\n    At once brought all his magic arts to bear,\n    And burst his bonds asunder with a yell\n    That curdled every heart among the foe.\n    The Wizard cried in Indian tongue: \u201c_Nda\n    Aw\u00e2ni ni\u00fbna ndelima--\n    Magah\u00f4\u00fbnana_,\u201d which means: \u201cMy friends,\n    We shall not torture any one (to-day).\u201d\n    And then he leapt upon the fiery coals\n    And danced and danced, until his feet did fry\n    And sizzle hot like bacon in a pan.\n    Then all the Indians were full of fear.\n    But when to crown the horror of the whole\n    They saw the wizard put the glowing pot\n    On his own head and leap about in glee,\n    They all took flight in terror to the woods.\n    Then spake the Wizard: \u201cFather, now escape.\u201d\n\n    When they had reached all safe and sound their home,\n    The Priest said to the Wizard: \u201cO my son,\n    Thou shouldst repent and turn thee from thine art\n    Unto God\u2019s ways and ever keep the Faith.\u201d\n    Then quoth the Wizard laughing: \u201cFather mine,\n    Had I repented and mine art eschewed,\n    Then were we both of us dead men this day.\u201d[53]          P.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[52] A priest came to where some families were camping.\n\n[53] This song is very interesting, as indicating a survival of the\nold Indian faith in their magicians as superior to Christian power.\nIt is quite like the many indications in Italian tales, relating to\nwitches, in which the sorcerer conquers the priest.--C. G. L.\n\n\n\n\n                                 VIII\n\n                            WIZARD WARFARE\n\n                             [_Abenaki_]\n\n                     _No\u00f1wat nd-odananok\n                      M\u02besalok mdaulin\u02bewak._[54]\n\n\n    Long, long years ago\n    When wizards were not few\n    There happened near our town\n    A war of which I\u2019ll tell.\n    One day a wizard wise\n    Sought counsel from the gods,\n    And entered in the hut\n    They knew as _petegw\u00eegun_--\n    A round-house made of bark,\n    With opening above;\n    No door nor window there\n    Save only at the top\n    Through which the wizard climbed,\n    And, lying there in trance,\n    Saw all the foemen\u2019s wiles.\n    Then, singing magic songs,\n    Forth from that hut he came\n    And ordered all the tribe\n    To rise and meet the foe,\n    The cruel Mohawk foe,\n    Encamped not far away.\n    So all the Indian braves\n    Embarked in their canoes,\n    Went down one stream, then up\n    Another, paddling soft,\n    Avoiding any sound.\n    At last they saw a smoke\n    Arising far away.\n    Then spake the wizard thus:\n    \u201cDo ye all wait me here\n    And I will go and spy\n    The numbers of the foe,\n    Taking with me but one;\n    Another Indian brave\n    Who hath the magic gift.\u201d\n    These wizards then withdrew\n    Into a thicket\u2019s shade,\n    Whence suddenly emerged\n    In beaver\u2019s guise the one,\n    In muskrat form his friend.\n    When they drew very near\n    The island where the foe,\n    The cruel Iroquois,\n    Were feasting on a moose,\n    The beaver and the rat\n    Dived deep beneath the stream,\n    Causing that sudden plash\n    Which even to this day\n    Makes many a hunter jump.\n    Among the Iroquois\n    Another wizard sat\n    And when he heard the plash\n    Quoth he: \u201cThe foe is there,\n    The fierce Abenakis.\u201d\n    Then, grasping in his hand,\n    The legbone of a moose,\n    He flung it straight and far\n    To where the muskrat swam\n    And struck him on the head.\n    The beaver seized his friend\n    And drew him \u2019neath the stream\n    And held him till he drowned,\n    In order that his pains\n    And struggle for his life\n    Should not alarm the foe.\n    The Iroquois then rose\n    And danced around the fire\n    Thinking in hideous glee\n    Of how when morrow came\n    They\u2019d torture all their foes.\n\n  [Illustration:\n    The beaver seized his friend\n    And drew him \u2019neath the stream.]\n\n    They then lay down to sleep.\n    At once the beaver swam\n    To shore to their canoes\n    And gnawed with his sharp teeth\n    Great holes in the birch bark\n    Of which these craft were made.\n    The wizard beaver then\n    Swam back to his own folk\n    To whom he said: \u201cArise,\n    Come, quickly hunt them out.\u201d\n    The fierce Abenakis\n    Came stealthily and still\n    And landed on the isle\n    Where lay the Iroquois.\n    Then, whooping with the cry\n    Of war which chills the soul,\n    The fierce Abenakis\n    Awoke the Iroquois\n    Who, paralyzed with fright,\n    Rushed straight to their canoes\n    Which sank in mid-stream all--\n    The work of wizard teeth.\n\n    Then the Abenakis\n    Swooped down with horrid cries\n    And then slew all their foes\n    Save only two. I\u2019ll tell\n    What \u2019twas they did to them.\n    Of all their slaughtered foes\n    They first cut off the heads\n    And stuck them up on stakes\n    All over that fair isle.\n    Then to their prisoners\n    Whom they had saved alive,\n    They gave a little thought.\n    So first they bound them fast\n    Then pried with cruel sticks\n    Their mouths till open wide;\n    Cut off their lower lips,\n    Showing the grinning teeth,\n    Then severing half their ears\n    And half their noses too,\n    They said to them in scorn:\n    \u201c_Kdihleba nda mina\n    Ni nojimigahakw_:\u201d\n    \u201cWe warn you now, my friends,\n    Do not attempt again\n    To come against us here.\u201d\n    This was the way they marked\n    The prisoners in old days.\n\n    Then they gave them food\n    Enough to give them life\n    Upon the journey home,\n    In order that these maimed\n    And harshly us\u00e8d foes\n    Should tell the Iroquois\n    In northern forest far\n    That the Abenakis\n    Were mightier than they.\n\n    That island to this day\n    Is called the Place of Skulls,\n    Wdupsek in our tongue.          P.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[54] Long ago there were many wizards in our town.\n\n\n\n\n                                  IX\n\n                         THE WIZARD\u2019S HUNTING\n\n                             [_Abenaki_]\n\n            _No\u00f1wat m\u02bezi m\u02bedaulinowak nadialoldowak._[55]\n\n\n    In ancient days when wizard power was great\n    There were two mighty men who knew these arts\n    And understood full well unholy skill.\n    Once on a time it chanced that these great twain\n    Did quarrel for a certain hunting ground.\n    The one had set up deadfalls in the paths\n    Where run the timid deer, all ignorant\n    Of man, and man\u2019s desire to slaughter them.\n    The other wizard straightway came along\n    And, ruthless, snapped these deadfalls every one,\n    To irritate his fellow wizard\u2019s heart.\n    Twice did the mischief-maker do this deed,\n    Till, finally, the injured man bethought\n    Him that he must consult the secret powers\n    How he should catch and punish well the foe.\n    So crawling into _petegw\u00eegun\u2032s_ shade--\n    This was the magic round-house where the gods\n    Give wisdom unto man--he lay in trance\n    Until he saw a cruel wolverine,\n    Which he at once knew well to be the foe.\n    Then, leaping from the house of magic arts,\n    He followed fast the trail of Wolverine\n    Who was the evil-hearted enemy.\n    This mischief-making wizard straightway knew\n    That he was being followed, so he changed\n    Himself into a hooting, snowy owl\n    That wakes the echoes of the forest night.\n    Thus he escaped and forthwith went again\n    And full of glee the other\u2019s deadfalls broke.\n    At last the injured wizard in despair\n    Went to consult his uncle in the glade\n    Where hang the alders drooping by the stream.\n    \u201cO Uncle, aid me in my direst need\n    And find for me this rascal foe,\u201d he cried,\n    \u201cWho changes into every living thing,\n    And thus escapes my burning righteous wrath.\u201d\n    His uncle was a wizard full of power,\n    So he at once departed for a time\n    And then, returning, said: \u201cI\u2019ve found thy foe,\n    He lives within thy shanty in the woods,\n    He\u2019s taken his abode within the cracks\n    Where thou hast sewn the bark upon thy roof.\u201d\n    \u201cHow then shall I be able to outwit\n    A foe so wily and so full of skill?\u201d\n    The nephew asked. The uncle told him all.\n    And then the injured wizard went his way\n    Unto his barken shanty in the woods.\n\n    When he was sitting by the fire that night\n    An evil bat of monstrous size flew forth\n    From underneath the shanty\u2019s sloping roof.\n    Straightway the wizard seized and held the bat\n    So close unto the glowing fiery coals\n    That all his filthy, vermin-reeking hair\n    Was clean consumed--then let him fly away,\n    Feeling that vengeance had been wreaked full well.\n    No more thereafter was there mischief wrought\n    And all his hunting met with fortune fair.\n    Then later in the year the wizard came\n    Home to the village laden down with spoils\n    And trophies of the chase, and there he saw\n    A man he knew with skin all scarred and burned.\n    Quoth this one to the wizard: \u201cO my friend\n    I have been duly punished for my sin.\n    Do thou now heal me quickly and forgive\n    That I have caused thee trouble in the chase.\u201d\n    The wizard then took pity on his foe\n    And healed his burns and made him whole again.          P.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[55] Long ago all the wizards used to hunt.\n\n\n\n\n                                  X\n\n                    SIX SHORT TALES OF WITCHCRAFT\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                  _K\u02bechi Joe Benoit m\u02bedeaulin\n                   K\u02bechi k\u02benokwchil poh\u00e9gunul._[56]\n\n\n    Old Joe Benoit, a friend of mine,\n    Was full of all unholy skill and power.\n    He quarrelled with a man who like himself,\n    Was wizard and a guileful, crafty foe.\n    A giant turtle\u2019s form Joe Benoit took;\n    The other changed himself into a snake;\n    The twain then met and fought in combat dire\n    Within the waters of a little lake\n    Which since that time has ever borne the name\n    Of Ne\u02bfseyik, which means \u201cthe muddy lake,\u201d\n    Because their strife had stirred up all the soil\n    And weeds, and roiled the waters of that pool.\n    Joe Benoit slew his foe, the giant snake.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    Old Lacote was a wizard made a trap,\n    A deadfall trap for bear off in the woods.\n    When he had set the trap all fast and firm,\n    He crawled within to test the prop-stick stout.\n    But by the magic arts of wizard foe\n    Through old Sabatis\u2019 guile who owed him hate,\n    The prop-stick fell and let the great bear-trap\n    Drop full upon old Lacote\u2019s head and back.\n    His son was there and dragged the old man forth.\n    But Lacote knew to whom he owed ill-luck.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    When I was fifteen years I saw a man\n    Who had become a demon of the wood,\n    A Mi\u02bfkumwess with power to change his size\n    And art to sink into the rocky soil\n    Up to his ankle-joints or knees as though \u2019twere sand.\n    I saw myself the tracks where he had sunk\n    Into a soil all full of rocks and roots.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    My father was a wizard and had power\n    To call unto his partner miles away.\n    I\u2019ve often heard him singing in the night\n    All low and weird, and when the morning dawned,\n    He\u2019d tell me what his partner\u2019s luck had been.\n    I never knew his magic skill to fail.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    My brother told me, many years ago,\n    Some wizards had a quarrel, and they slew\n    One of their number, took his corpse away\n    And ate it on the isle of Grand Manan,\n    Sitting upon a ledge above the sea.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n    Two men were hunting on an inland lake\n    When suddenly they heard a fearful whoop\n    As of a man in agony, who ran\n    Adown the lake along the farther shore.\n    They went out in their barque and there they saw\n    Him come right up to where their shanty lay.\n    Returning to the shore they begged him then:\n    \u201cPray stay and eat,\u201d but he, with accents wild,\n    Cried: \u201cNay, I may not stop in this warm place.\n    I must away, away unto the North,\n    Where ice and snow shall cool my bounding blood.\u201d\n    This man was a Kiwa\u02bfkw, a demon ghoul,\n    Ice-giant--of that race which loves to prey\n    Upon the tender flesh of man and babe.          P.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[56] Old Joe Benoit the wizard changed himself to a great turtle.\n\n\n\n\n                                  XI\n\n                    A DELAWARE YOUTH AND HIS UNCLE\n\n                             [_Delaware_]\n\n              _Weekwaum lawee kohpee\n               Weekena withkeelno wauk w\u02besheetha._[57]\n\n\n    Afar in the midst of the forest\n    Dwelt a youth and his uncle,\n    His uncle of many summers.\n    Once on a time the old man\n    Was sick unto death with an illness\n    Whose cause was unknown to himself\n    And his nephew, his fond loving nephew.\n    So, thinking the light of his being\n    Was soon to go out, the old uncle\n    Called to his bedside the young man\n    To hear his last words of affection.\n    The loving nephew griev\u00e8d,\n    Grieved in the depths of his heart,\n    Then thought to himself: \u201cMy dear uncle,\n    At least shall not die on bare earth.\n    I\u2019ll make for him now a great basket\n    And line it with soft, downy feathers.\n    So shall he die in all comfort.\u201d\n    He worked all the night at the basket\n    And then, when the morrow dawned,\n    Presented his work to his uncle\n    Who wept tears of gladness and said:\n    \u201cDear nephew--how great is thy kindness!\u201d\n    The old man then lay in the basket\n    And to him came a vision of dread;\n    He stretched forth his hand to his nephew,\n    A gesture to draw his attention,\n    And then told the youth of his vision.\n    Quoth: \u201cSome one is coming at midnight\n    From whom thou shalt shrink with great trembling,\n    But fear not, take courage, my nephew,\n    Although he shall come to our wigwam\n    At midnight when all things are sleeping.\u201d\n\n    That night, long after their supper,\n    The youth sat him down by the fire,\n    On the further side of the fire,[58]\n    And waited to see what was coming.\n    Then all of a sudden a creature\n    Too awful to tell of was with him,\n    A wizard of hideous presence\n    Who dropped through the smoke-hole a-shrieking:\n    \u201cGive up to me, youth, thine old uncle\n    I wish to devour his lean flesh.\u201d\n    The youth gave not way to his terror\n    But leapt to his feet and said boldly:\n    \u201cFoul being, mine uncle remains here\n    And ne\u2019er shall be eaten by thee.\u201d\n    Howled the wizard, the cannibal wizard:\n    \u201cWhen I come here once more have him ready,\n    Rash lad, or thou dearly shalt rue it.\u201d\n\n    Thought the youth in his heart: \u201cHe is awful.\n    It must be that my uncle shall leave me.\n    I will journey afar toward the sunset\n    If perchance I may find there some people\n    Who shall aid me in this my dire need.\u201d\n    Then the young man took leave of his uncle\n    And said to him: \u201cFear not, beloved,\n    I go to seek aid for thy sickness,\n    Soon I\u2019ll return to thy side.\u201d\n\n    After journeying days through the forest\n    He passed a small curious wigwam\n    From which came a lad who addressed him:\n    \u201cHail, stranger, how fareth thine uncle?\u201d\n    The youth was amazed beyond measure\n    That one who appeared but an infant\n    Should know all about his affairs,\n    But he passed on in silence and wonder.\n    Soon after he came to a wigwam\n    Near which stood a great, kindly wizard,\n    Who saw from the face of the traveller\n    That he was in fear for his uncle.\n\n    Then when he heard how the nephew\n    Had met with the terrible being,\n    He said: \u201cThis in truth is Mutt\u00f3ntoe,\n    Mutt\u00f3ntoe, the spirit of evil,\n    Who yearns for the flesh of thy kinsman.\n    But fear not, my lad, I will aid thee,\n    I\u2019ll tell thee the way to o\u2019ercome him.\u201d\n\n    When the nephew had heard all the wisdom\n    And learned how to conquer Mutt\u00f3ntoe,\n    He went back at once to his uncle.\n    Then after they\u2019d eaten that evening,\n    He swept up the dirt from the wigwam\n    And placed in his own bed the uncle.\n    Then _he_ lay himself in the basket,\n    Where he felt himself filled full of magic\n    And power to conquer Mutt\u00f3ntoe.\n    At the dead hour of midnight\n    Once more in the midst of the wigwam\n    The monster dropped down through the smoke-hole.\n    \u201cAwake, lad,\u201d quoth he, \u201cI\u2019m Mutt\u00f3ntoe.\n    Bring forth thine old uncle, I want him.\u201d\n    Then out from the basket the nephew\n    Stept boldly, all covered with feathers.\n    A terrible sight to Mutt\u00f3ntoe,\n    Who leapt with a shriek through the smoke-hole\n    And never returned to that wigwam,\n    Where the youth and his uncle, still living,\n    Dwell happily in the dark forest.          P.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[57] In a wigwam in the forest dwelt a youth and his uncle.\n\n[58] The fire is in the middle of the wigwam.\n\n\n\n\n                                 XII\n\n                         THE DANCE OF OLD AGE\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                 _Pi\u02beche uskichinwi utenesizek._[59]\n\n\n    All in the early time\n    In an inland village\n    Many Indians lived,\n    Of two of them I\u2019ll tell:\n    One was a handsome man,\n    Young, brave, a great hunter;\n    The other, a beautiful girl.\n\n    What might be her name?--\n    Malikakusquess?\n    Or Kaliwahdasi?\n    I do not remember\n    Which of the two it was.\n    But she was very proud,\n    Fierce as she was fair,\n    And through and through revengeful.\n    And, what was worst of all,\n    She was an awful witch,\n    Seven witches in one,\n    Like seven devils united\n    But this she hid from all;\n    Only the W\u02benag\u02bemeswuk,\n    The singular silent spirits,\n    Who are ever flitting around us,\n    Knew of this terrible secret.\n\n    She wanted the youth to wed her,\n    But he at that time was busy,\n    Very busy in getting ready\n    To go on his autumn hunt,\n    Which would last far into the winter;\n    And he had no time for wooing,\n    As he very plainly told her.\n\n    Truly he must have spoken\n    Very plainly indeed;\n    For her heart shrunk up in anger\n    Until \u2019twas hard as a flint\n    With sharply cutting edges,\n    And thus she cut in reply:\n    \u201cYou may go afar to the North,\n    You may go if you like on your hunt\n    But you never will return\n    The same as when you departed;\n    Remember me when the change\n    Comes over you in the forest.\u201d\n\n    He gave no heed to her words,\n    He cared not for her, nor feared her,\n    So he went away with his brother,\n    And for many days together\n    They hunted in the North,\n    Hunted the deer and moose;\n    The girl was all forgotten.\n\n    But one day when deep in the woods,\n    And very far in the North,\n    In the mid winter gloom,\n    The youth went raging mad,\n    For the witch had struck him sore,\n    Though far and far away,\n    Struck him with sorcery.\n\n    The elder brother with him\n    Was a brave among the braves,\n    A fierce and terrible man\n    Who had no dream of fear:\n    And as he could do naught else\n    He did the most desperate deed\n    Which the wildest of the warriors\n    Among the Wabanaki\n    Has ever dared to do;\n    For he went down to the river\n    At midnight and alone,\n    And sang the terrible song\n    Which calls the W\u00eewilmekw,\n    The Demon of the Worm,\n    Even to devils a terror.\n\n    _Nil n\u02bewikwima W\u00eewilmekw\n    Nil n\u02bewikwima chipina\u02bfkwsit\n    Nit besq wesh\u02bem\u02bewit\n    Nil npechikinapin nekmomeswelas_\n\n    \u201cI call on the W\u00eewilmekw,\n    I call on the Terrible One,\n    On the One with the Horns,\n    I dare him to appear!\u201d\n\n    It came in all its horrors,\n    Its eyes were like deep red fire,\n    Its horns rose sharp and high.\n    It asked him, what he would have?\n    He answered that his brother\n    Had lost himself in madness,\n    And he fain would cure the youth.\n\n    \u201cI will give you what you want,\u201d\n    Answered the W\u00eewilmekw,\n    \u201cIf you are not afraid.\u201d\n\n    \u201cI have no fear at all,\u201d\n    The Indian replied,\n    \u201cOf anything that lives.\u201d\n\n    \u201cHast thou no fear of me?\u201d\n    The Demon Worm inquired.\n\n    \u201cNo more of thee than I\n    Have of the Michihant,\n    Who is the Devil of all.\u201d\n\n    \u201cIf you dare take me by\n    My horns,\u201d the fiend replied,\n    \u201cAnd scrape them with your knife,\n    And lay the scrapings by,\n    Then you may have your wish.\u201d\n\n    In truth this Indian was\n    As savage, wild and brave,\n    As was the Devil himself;\n    He had great need indeed\n    To be all that he was;\n    For the W\u00eewilmekw,\n    Most terrible to see,\n    Grew fiercer than before,\n    Yet the man drew out his knife\n    And boldly scraped away,\n    Until the Demon said:\n    \u201cNow hold! You have enough.\u201d\n\n    \u201cAnd now go seek your camp,\n    Put half the scrapings then\n    Into a cup half full\n    Of water from the spring,\n    And bid your brother drink!\u201d\n    \u201cAnd with the other half?\u201d\n    The Indian inquired.\n    \u201cKeep that till you return,\n    Then give it to the girl\n    Who made the trouble--she\n    Needs medicine as well.\u201d\n\n    So the man returned to camp\n    And made his brother well.\n    And when the hunt was o\u2019er\n    They turned them to their home.\n\n    There they arrived at night;\n    A great festivity\n    Was stirring all the town,\n    Torches were everywhere,\n    And everywhere the scent\n    Of _msk\u00eekwul w\u02beli-mhaskil_,\n    Which is the perfumed grass\n    Burning intensely sweet.\n\n    The dance was going on,\n    So, many were athirst.\n    And this the hunter knew,\n    The younger of the pair;\n    So he had made a drink\n    Cool, and with honey sweet,\n    Fragrant with pleasant herbs--\n    A dainty drink indeed--\n    But, mingled with it all,\n    There lurked a subtle life,\n    The powder from the horn\n    Of the W\u00eewilmekw.\n    So thirsty was the witch\n    As she from dancing came,\n    So warm that, when the youth\n    Held out to her the cup,\n    She seized and drank it dry\n    All without giving heed\n    As to what hand had held\n    The cool, refreshing draught;\n    Then turning to the one\n    Who was her partner, she\n    Went on into the dance,\n    And then a wondrous thing\n    Was seen by all therein:\n    For lo! at every turn\n    The maiden older grew,\n    One year for every round;\n    Beginning as a girl\n    In all her freshest youth\n    She at the lodge\u2019s end,\n    Seemed fifty years of age,\n    And still, as she danced on,\n    Added unto her age,\n    Till just as she returned\n    Unto the very place\n    Whence she had come, she fell\n    All dead upon the floor,\n    A little dried-up thing,\n    A wrinkled, wizened squaw,\n    A thing of the last old age\n    Or of a hundred years.\n\n  [Illustration:\n    She seized and drank it dry\n    All without giving heed\n    As to what hand had held\n    The cool, refreshing draught.]\n\nThere is another Passamaquoddy version of this poem which is hardly\nless striking in its ending. The brother, having obtained the\nscrapings of the horn, merely touches with them a large green beech\ntree which becomes dead in an instant and then falls to the ground,\nactually rotten as if it were a century old. And, when the same\npowder is given to the witch,\n\n    She grew older in an instant,\n    She became very old indeed:\n    A pale color rippled\n    All over her face. She fell,\n    Looking a hundred years,\n    Dead upon the floor.\n    Shrivelled and dried as she fell,\n    Then dropped to powder--\u201cShe\n    Will trouble you no more.\u201d\n    Then said the conjurer;\n    \u201cHer dance is over now.\u201d          L.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[59] Long ago in an Indian village.\n\n\n\n\n                                 XIII\n\n                      A TALE OF THE RIVER-ELVES\n\n                             [_Abenaki_]\n\n                 _No\u00f1wat Mano\u00f1uamasak\n                  Udaino\u00f1 kwa\u02bfliwi kd-odana-na._[60]\n\n\n    Long ago some River-elves were living near our town.\n    These Elves would always work at night along the river shore,\n    And fashion little wheels of clay and leave them on the bank.\n    When these small cakes of clay were fresh some Indians there were\n    Who learned to eat them and to take great pleasure in their taste.\n    In ancient times--this is the tale which oft was told to me--\n    An Indian and squaw were out afar in bark canoe\n    When in the current\u2019s swirling waves they right before them saw\n    A wee canoe in which there sat two children, as they thought.\n    Now these were hideous River-elves, and when they had beheld\n    The Indians, they called to them: \u201cO ye of fairer face\n    And better looks go back,\u201d and then tipped over their canoe,\n    Which, as it rolled, the Indians perceived to be of stone,\n    And nevermore thereafter did they see the River-elves,\n    Who when the loud-voiced Whites had settled all the country-side,\n    Withdrew far up the rushing stream where no canoe may pass\n    Save only stone ones. Nor again did ever Indian find\n    Those wheels of clay which he of old so dearly loved to eat.[61]\n                                                                    P.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[60] Long ago the River-elves were around our town.\n\n[61] This song clearly indicates \u201cearth-eating\u201d among the Indians. It\nstill exists among negroes in the United States.\n\n\n\n\n                              PART THIRD\n\n                       =Lyrics and Miscellany=\n\n\n\n\n                        LYRICS AND MISCELLANY\n\n\n\n\n                                  I\n\n           THE SONG OF LAPPILATWAN, THE SINGER IN THE DUSK\n\n                 _Pi\u02bfche Lappilatwan mechimiu-olamto\n                  W\u02betagwsiu-ut msiu sipsis._[62]\n\n\n    Lappilatwan, fair tree-fungus,\n    From days of old,\n    The ever good-natured,\n    Of all the birds cousin.\n    Dwelt on the birch-tree;\n    All the birds of the forest,\n    Even the little insects,\n    Even the little worms,\n    Crawled up the great birch\n    To see their good friend.\n\n    Thus always at sunset\n    They heard him singing:\n    _Lappilatwan\n    Wappilatwan\n    Wechkuton\u00e9bit_,\n    \u201cFair tree-fungus,\n    Fair tree-fungus,\n    Sits with mouth open,\u201d\n    The signal song\n    Unto all wood birds,\n    Worms and insects,\n    To go to sleep;\n    So that all the birds,\n    Little worms, little insects,\n    When they heard\n    _Lappilatwan\n    Wappilatwan_\n    Knew he was silent\n    For all the night\n    There where he hung\n    In the cold birch tree,\n    Cold, rough and damp,\n    All night, all day!\n    All through the year.\n    But when the day dawns\n    His song rings again;\n    _Lappilatwan\n    Wechkuton\u00e9bit_,\n    \u201cFair tree-fungus\n    Fair tree-fungus\n    Sits with mouth open.\u201d\n    Then every bird\n    Every small insect,\n    All creeping things\n    Who heard his song,\n    Knew there was coming\n    A beautiful day:\n    \u201cLet us arise!\n    The daylight is breaking!\u201d\n    They rose at his call.\n\n    One bright fresh morning,\n    Lively Sexk\u00e2t\u00fb\n    The flying squirrel\n    Climbed the great birch-tree,\n    And there he found\n    Lappilatwan\n    From a branch hanging,\n    And he thus spoke;\n    \u201cTell me how long\n    Have you dwelt here?\u201d\n    \u201cI have lived in this tree\n    Since your great grandfather\n    _K\u02bech\u00ee K\u02bem\u00fbsums_\n    Was born on that cedar\n    From which you came\n    Early this morning.\u201d\n\n    \u201cBut tell me truly,\n    Lappilatwan,\n    How long will you\n    Dwell in this birch-tree?\u201d\n\n    \u201cWhile the birch-tree\n    Sends forth its leaves,\n    While its trunk stands,\n    I will dwell in its branches.\u201d\n    Sexk\u00e2t\u00fb the squirrel\n    Wanted that birch-tree\n    For his own home:\n    He would be nesting\n    In that same place.\n    Thus he then answered:\n    \u201cYou have been here\n    Long--and far _too_ long.\n    It is time for you\n    To yield to another:\n    Let me come here!\u201d\n\n    Lappilatwan\n    Answered him quietly:\n    \u201c_Noses_, \u2018my grandchild:\u2019\n    I cannot go hence.\n    If I should do so\n    Birds and the insects\n    Could not hear me call.\n    Could not hear my songs\n    From another tree;\n    You, who are so clever,\n    Far quicker than I am.\n    You can make your home\n    All over the forest.\u201d\n\n    \u201cYou must go!\u201d said Sexk\u00e2t\u00fb,\n    Then he gnawed at the branch;\n    There was the nest\n    Of the Hamw[\u00b4\u0115]s\u016dk,\n    Of the stinging wasps,\n    Who came swarming out\n    From their little wigwam;\n    More than a hundred,\n    Flew at Sexk\u00e2t\u00fb\n    Clung to his back\n    Madly they stung him,\n    Till stunned with their stinging\n    Saucy Sexk\u00e2t\u00fb\n    Fell to the ground.\n    Well nigh a-dyin,\n    With stings and with bruises.\n\n    Ere long the news spread,\n    Soon all the squirrels\n    Said: \u201c_Sexk\u00e2t\u00fbwuk\n    K\u02beputwusin_,\u201d\n    \u201cLet us take council.\u201d\n    Red squirrels, gray squirrels,\n    Striped squirrels, flying ones,\n    Came running together,\n    Then they cried out:\n    \u201cLappilatwan\n    Must leave his tree,\n    And if it may be,\n    Be put to death!\u201d\n\n    All in a band\n    They went to the birch-tree,\n    Then they observed that\n    In one way only\n    Could they approach\n    Lappilatwan.\n    Straight up the trunk\n    Not many together.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    The news spread afar,\n    Soon there came flying\n    The wasps and the hornets,\n    The bees and the black flies,\n    The angry mosquitoes:\n    Even the midges,\n    The little Chess\u00fayek\n    Came to the rescue\n    Of Lappilatwan.\n    The chief of the squirrels\n    Gave out the order:\n    \u201cLet the battle begin!\u201d\n    The squirrels rushed onward\n    They rushed to the birch-tree:\n    Yet only a few\n    At once together\n    Could climb up the trunk:\n    Musesaaqua, the horse-fly,\n    Was brave in that battle.\n    Mosquitoes and midges\n    Like gallant warriors\n    Rushed on the squirrels,\n    With their sharp spears.\n    Ere the first squirrel\n    Was half-way up the birch-tree,\n    He and his followers\n    Fell to the ground\n    Wounded and dying.\n\n    Lappilatwan\n    High up on the birch-tree\n    Saw the battle rage,\n    But was ever silent,\n    Silent till sunset;\n    Then his loud song\n    Rang through the forest:\n    \u201c_Lappilatwan\n    Wechk\u00fbton\u00e9bit_.\u201d\n    \u201cFair tree-fungus\n    Sits with mouth open.\u201d\n\n    Soon as they heard it\n    All of the warriors,\n    Squirrels and insects\n    Valiant mosquitoes,\n    Humble hornets,\n    Bold bumble-bees,\n    Wild whizzing wasps,\n    Gallant merry midges\n    Went to their wigwams.\n    Lappilatwan\n    Had faith in his warriors:\n    Truly he trusted\n    That they could defend him.\n\n    When in the morning\n    They heard the signal,\n    The song of awaking,\n    Ring from the birch-tree,\n    The mighty armies\n    Again assembled;\n    The chiefs held council;\n    Thus spoke Sexk\u00e2t\u00fb\n    While all were silent:\n\n    \u201cListen, oh squirrels!\n    Last night in dreaming\n    This was revealed to me:\n    If in the battle\n    One of your warriors\n    Can touch for an instant\n    Lappilatwan\n    Ever so lightly,\n    Before he sings us\n    The summons to sleep,\n    Then we shall conquer;\n    Failing to touch him\n    Ere we hear ringing\n    \u2018_Lappilatwan\n    Wappilatwan_\u2019\n    We are defeated.\n    Now you have heard me,\n    On to the birch-tree!\u201d\n\n    The angry flies\n    Sharpen their spears;\n    Dip them in poison;\n    Loud was their buzz!\n\n    As they went to battle,\n    Terrible slaughter\n    Followed their onrush;\n    Desperate squirrels\n    Heedless of death\n    Clung to the birch-tree\n    Wing\u00e8d warriors\n    By many thousands\n    Swarmed on the foe;\n    Many a horse-fly\n    Beheld no more\n    His wife and children;\n    Many a hornet\n    Sat no more\n    By the fire of his wigwam;\n    The dying bumble-bee\n    Chanted his death song.\n\n    Dire was the slaughter,\n    Full thrice greater\n    Than on the first day;\n    Still they rushed onward,\n    Fiercer for battle,\n    Giving no heed\n    That the day was ending;\n    Never observing\n    The sun down-sinking,\n    When over the forest\n    Rang loud the summons:\n    \u201c_Lappilatwan\n    Wappilatwan_.\u201d\n\n    All was over.\n    High on the birch-tree\n    Untouched by a foeman--\n    Sat the watchman--\n    The flies were victorious!\n\nThis poem is like Homer\u2019s Batrachomyomachia, the battle of the frogs\nand mice, as sung by some Icelandic bard. The humor is as Greek as\nthe form is Norse.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[62] Long ago, Lappilatwan, always good-natured, was cousin of all\nthe birds. These lines indicate the measure to which the whole was\nsung; _i.e._, they are a \u201cstaff-rhyme.\u201d\n\n\n\n\n                                  II\n\n                    THE STORY OF NIPON THE SUMMER\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                        _Pi\u02bfche weligit \u0113pit\n                         Liwiha Nipon\n                         Metchimi\u00fb wikos\n                         Kwihio kizosek._[63]\n\n\n    In the far old time\n    Lived near the sun\n    A beautiful woman,\n    Nipon her name.\n    Green were her garments\n    All of fresh leaves.\n    And with green leaves\n    And beautiful flowers\n    She covered her wigwam.\n\n    She had a grandmother,\n    K\u02bem\u0113wun, the rain,\n    Who dwelt far away.\n    But when she came\n    To visit her grandchild\n    One thing she ever\n    Said ere she left her:\n    \u201cOne thing I bid thee\n    With hardest warning,\n    To one thing I bind thee\n    With a strong will:\n    Look that thou never\n    Seek in thy wandering\n    The La\u02bftogwesnuk,\n    The land of the North:\n    For there dwells P\u00fbn,\n    P\u00fbn, the winter;\n    A deadly foe\n    Thou wilt surely find him.\n    Should thy feet fall\n    In the La\u02bftogwesnuk\n    Thy beauty will leave thee,\n    Thy green dress fade,\n    Hair turning gray\n    Thy strength become weakness.\u201d\n\n    Little heed\n    And scant attention\n    Gave Nipon\n    To K\u02bem\u0113wun, the rain.\n    One fair morning\n    She sat by her wigwam\n    In the bright sunshine,\n    And looking afar\n    At the La\u02bftogwesnuk\n    All that she saw\n    Seemed strangely lovely\n    As if enchanted.\n    No human being\n    Was in the Northland,\n    But o\u2019er it all\n    Was beautiful sunshine;\n    There she beheld\n    At a long distance\n    A wonderful land:\n    Broad shining lakes,\n    High blue mountains,\n    Bright rolling rivers\n    All strange and sweet.\n    Something came over her,\n    She knew not what;\n    A dream or a voice;\n    There was no help,\n    She must rise and go.\n    Must go to the land\n    Of La\u02bftogwesnuk\n    Unto the Northland.\n\n    Up rose Nipon\n    Unto the North\n    Wending her way,\n    When she heard a voice,\n    The voice of the Rain\n    (Though she could not see her),\n    K\u02bem\u0113wun, a-wailing:\n    \u201cBide, my daughter!\n    If thou goest\n    Unto the Northland\n    P\u00fbn the winter\n    Will surely kill thee!\u201d\n    She heard nothing\n    Of all the warning,\n    She could not stay\n    For a spell was on her;\n    Ever onward\n    She went to the North.\n\n    For many days,\n    For many moons,\n    Still the sun shone,\n    Still she saw\n    The beautiful country\n    Of mountains and rivers,\n    Until one day\n    Nipon noted\n    That as she followed,\n    The land went onward,\n    And as she travelled,\n    It travelled before her.\n\n    All around her\n    Was nothing but sunshine.\n    Stopping a little\n    To think of the wonder,\n    She heard a whisper,\n    The voice of the Rain:\n    \u201cStay, my daughter!\u201d\n    It made her wilful,\n    She still went onward;\n    On to the North.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    Still the far country\n    Went on before her,\n    And something she never\n    Had known came o\u2019er her--\n    She felt the cold!\n    An unseen power\n    Now drove her onward;\n    Will had departed,\n    Still the mountains\n    Went on before her;\n    The green leaves\n    Of her beautiful garment\n    Grew yellow and faded,\n    And were blown away\n    By the grim wind;\n    Her long hair\n    Turned gray and white;\n    The sun grew dim\n    And then shone no more;\n    She was very weak;\n    The beautiful mountains\n    Were heaps of snow;\n    The beautiful rivers\n    And lakes were of ice--\n    All in the North.\n\n    K\u02bem\u0113wun, the Rain,\n    Was sad in her soul.\n    She looked afar\n    No smoke was rising\n    From Nipon\u2019s wigwam:\n    \u201cShe has not returned,\u201d\n    Said the Rain-mother,\n    So in her fear\n    She went to the wigwam.\n\n    All was silent,\n    The boughs and the flowers\n    Which covered the wigwam\n    Were yellow and faded:\n    \u201cMy child!--my child!\n    Thou art caught at last\n    By the icy P\u00fbn,\n    By the wicked winter!\n    Afar in the North.\u201d\n\n    Straight she called for\n    Her bravest warriors.\n    The ever-unseen.\n    These were their names:\n    Saun\u00e9sen the south wind,\n    Wch\u00eepi the east wind,\n    With S\u0115nus\u00f3ktun\n    The warming breeze.\n    Quickly she cried:\n    \u201cHasten away\n    To the La\u02bftogw\u00e9snuk,\n    Fight like heroes,\n    Use all your power\n    To rescue N\u012dpon\n    From P\u00fbn, the winter,\n    Fly to the North!\u201d\n\n    The wind warriors,\n    The unseen by man,\n    Flew like lightning\n    On their long journey.\n    As they entered\n    The La\u02bftogwesnuk\n    P\u00fbn the winter\n    Felt ill at ease;\n    He called his chieftains:\n    Great La\u02bftogw\u0115sin\n    The terrible north wind,\n    And the wild north-wester,\n    The chill north-east wind,\n    With all the frosts\n    Sleet-spirits, snow-spirits,\n    And every child\n    Of the killing cold\n    Who dwell in the North.\n\n    \u201cFly!\u201d he cried,\n    \u201cFor our foes are coming!\n    Up from the Southland,\n    The home of Summer!\u201d\n    Even as he spoke\n    The sweat dropped from him\n    His face grew thin,\n    His feet seemed smaller:\n    \u201cI feel them coming!\n    Fly to the battle!\u201d\n\n    The mighty wind-giants\n    Flew to the fight,\n    Great snow-flakes\n    And heavy hail-stones\n    Met and melted\n    With the great rain-drops;\n    Winds were loud roaring,\n    Thunder pealing,\n    Tempest fighting tempest,\n    Storm against storm;\n    The drops of sweat\n    Grew ever bigger\n    On P\u00fbn\u2019s cheeks;\n    On Nipon\u2019s head\n    The hair grew whiter;\n    Louder and louder\n    The winds were blowing,\n    Snow was falling,\n    Thicker and thicker,\n    But the driving rain\n    And the mild south winds\n    Were ever warmer\n    And bigger the drops\n    Grew on P\u00fbn\u2019s face;\n    His strength had left him.\n    Down he fell\n    And in his falling\n    A leg was broken:\n\n    \u201cLo, I must perish\n    If this lasts longer,\n    Set Nipon free!\n    She it is\n    Who has brought this trouble\n    And made this battle.\n    By my own prisoner\n    I have been conquered.\n    Set Nipon free!\u201d\n\n    At the word spoken,\n    Even in the instant,\n    The winds were silent.\n    Snow and rain ceased.\n    Turning her back\n    To the La\u02bftogwesnuk\n    And P\u00fbn the winter,\n    Weary Nipon\n    Set out on her journey.\n    Old she was, old\n    As she bore from the North\n    In her white hair\n    The hue of its snows,\n    In her tottering weakness\n    Its chilling frosts.\n    Many moons passed,\n    Still she travelled;\n    The sun grew warmer,\n    Days and shadows\n    Were ever longer;\n    The air was softer;\n    Greener and greener\n    Grew the mountains;\n    Freer from ice\n    Rivers were rushing;\n    Lakes were shining\n    In the sunlight;\n    Flowers were unfolding\n    To the warm breezes.\n\n    Weary Nipon\n    Was weary no longer;\n    Her heart grew lighter,\n    Her hair grew darker,\n    Her face was fairer,\n    Brighter and younger,\n    Thus becoming\n    All she had been\n    In her early beauty.\n\n    Then the butterflies\n    Knew her again,\n    And fluttered round her,\n    And all the flowers\n    Greeted with perfume\n    In scent-voices\n    As she went past.\n\n    On she went\n    To the grandmother\u2019s wigwam,\n    To old K\u02bem\u0113wun.\n    As she drew near\n    The clouds grew thicker;\n    Rain-winds were blowing,\n    Rain-drops falling,\n    Showers pelting,\n    Torrents pouring,\n    Thunder roaring round:\n    Still she went on,\n    Her path lit\n    By wild lightning,\n    Till in the midst\n    Where the clouds were darkest\n    She found the wigwam\n    And entered the door.\n    There as if dying\n    Lay K\u02bem\u0113wun\n    The ancient Rain-mother,\n    Weaker and older,\n    And worn and weary.\n\n    \u201cThou, my daughter!\u201d\n    She said to Nipon,\n    \u201cHast well-nigh killed me!\n    By disobedience\n    Thou hast brought suffering\n    On me and all things.\n    But for my battle\n    With P\u00fbn the winter\n    All life had perished:\n    Never again though,\n    While life is in me\n    Can I venture\n    On such a struggle!\n    Be this thy warning!\n    Else will P\u00fbn,\n    The cruel winter,\n    Conquer all things\n    And ice and snow\n    For ever and ever\n    Cover the world.\u201d          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[63] Long ago a fair woman named Nipon always lived near the sun.\n\n\n\n\n                                 III\n\n                   THE SCARLET TANAGER AND THE LEAF\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n       _Piche yut k\u02bech\u00ee wachok nit wigit welitasit mipis._[64]\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    In the earliest time on the greatest mountain\n    Lived merry M\u012dpis, the Little Leaf;\n    When spring is coming and sunlight is shining\n    He climbs a tree, and there, all summer,\n    Dressed in green he rocks in the branches,\n    Listens all day to the birds and the breezes,\n    And goes to sleep to the song of the owl.\n\n    When fall is coming and days are shorter,\n    M\u012dpis dresses himself in scarlet;\n    Glad and gay in the Indian Summer;\n    But as the nights grow cold and longer,\n    He puts on a coat of brown or yellow,\n    Curls himself up like a bear for winter,\n    Lets go his hold and falls to the ground;\n    There he sleeps, all under the snow-drift\n    Till he hears in the spring the blue-bird calling,\n    And the stream fighting its enemy ice--\n    Carrying proudly in pieces as prisoners\n    The foe which kept it a frozen captive,\n    All the winter under its wigwam.\n    Then little M\u012dpis, the Leaf, awaking,\n    Dresses in green and climbs in the sunshine,\n    Up through a tree, and upon the branches,\n    Lives as he did the summer before.\n\n    Merry M\u012dpis on a bright May morning\n    Was stretching himself in the warm sunshine\n    When he heard afar a wonderful music,\n    A sound like a flute and the voice of a maiden,\n    Rippling melodies melting in one.\n    Never before had he heard such singing;\n    Then looking up he beheld before him\n    A beautiful merry little bird-girl,\n    Dressed in garments of brilliant scarlet,\n    Just like his own in the Indian Summer.\n    \u201cO fairest of small birds!\u201d said merry M\u012dpis;\n    \u201cWho are you, and what is your name?\u201d\n    Thus she answered: \u201cI am Squ\u02bftes:\n    The Little Fire. When I fly in the forest\n    And meet in my way a bar of sunshine,\n    I look as I enter and leave the shadow\n    Like a red flame which leaps up in darkness,\n    And then falls asleep in the night again.\n    I have lived in the deep green forest,\n    Even as you have, for many ages,\n    Singing my songs to K\u02bem\u00fbsoms\u02ben\n    Unto our Father the mighty mountain,\n    And because he well loved my music,\n    For a reward he sent me hither\n    To seek a youth whose name is M\u012dpis,\n    Whom he wills that I should wed.\n    And as I think, and hope as I think it,\n    You are truly the one whom I seek.\u201d\n\n    Little Leaf listened in silence\n    Being by nature very cunning,\n    Trained to suspicion from his childhood;\n    Thus his grandmother ever taught him:\n    \u201cMy child--beware of all living creatures,\n    Even the very smallest insect\n    May eat your life out. A worm so little\n    That it can pass through the prick of a needle\n    Even as a rabbit runs through a valley,\n    Or as a fish swims free up a river,\n    May cut your stem or blight your beauty;\n    Anything living may be your death.\u201d\n\n    So to Squ\u02bftes, M\u012dpis listened,\n    Charmed with her beauty yet still mistrusting,\n    Liking her look yet deeply doubting,\n    Wondering whether this lovely creature\n    Was truly a friend or a false-hearted foe.\n\n    Beautiful Squ\u02bftes, never heeding\n    What the Leaf thought, began to warble;\n    Pouring out in the pleasant sunshine\n    Her morning song. As M\u012dpis listened\n    To the melodious trill, he melted;\n    For the sweet tune filled all the forest,\n    Every leaf on the tree was listening,\n    Branches were waving in keeping cadence,\n    Even the busy ants stopped running,\n    The butterfly sat on a flower to hear;\n    And as the music grew tender and stronger,\n    And as in one long soft note it ended,\n    Little Leaf said to her: \u201cBe my own!\u201d\n\n    So in the greenwood they lived together;\n    Other singers often assembled,\n    Other birds were often about them,\n    Coming to see the beautiful stranger,\n    Longing to try with hers their voices,\n    But at every trial the Little Fire\n    Flew in her melody far above them,\n    Even as she went beyond them in beauty.\n    One morning Squ\u02bftes sang to the Leaf:\n    \u201cLet us go and visit K\u02bem\u00fbsoms\u02ben\n    Our mighty grandfather--the Mountain:\n    He made us happy--let us thank him!\u201d\n    So the little Squ\u02bftes and M\u012dpis\n    Went like a flame through the shades of the forest,\n    Till they came to the cave of the grandsire.\n    Glad the grandfather was when he saw them!\n    Thus he spoke unto them--\u201c_Nosesak!_\n    Grandchildren! Heed well what I tell you!\n    While you live never leave the mountain!\n    While you are here you are always in safety:\n    But when away from it, ever in danger\n    From one who is ever seeking to kill you:\n    The little Indian boy Monimques,\n    Who, armed with a terrible bow and arrows,\n    Shoots all the little birds of the forest,\n    And carries them home to old Monimques,\n    Who roasts them all in the fire and eats them.\n    Even worse is another foeman,\n    A dreadful little boy who is flying\n    All the time over rivers and valleys,\n    Aplasemwesit, the Little Whirlwind,\n    Who never rests. He is always trying\n    To blow the leaves away from the branches,\n    And drives them headlong, in flocks together,\n    To his grandfather the terrible Tempest,\n    The great wild Whirlwind who kills them all.\u201d\n\n    Taking the Leaf in her bill, the Red Bird\n    Flew through the forest among the branches\n    To the great tree which grew secluded\n    In the safest place in all the mountain.\n    On its topmost branch they built a wigwam;\n    Bad little Indians never came near them\n    Hunting for birds with their bows and arrows,\n    Nor the wicked whirlwind looking for leaves.\n    There they lived and were perfectly happy,\n    Nothing but kind words passed between them,\n    Only kind words and favorite songs.[65]\n\n    Leaves like men are never contented,\n    When all\u2019s for the best they never know it;\n    So it came to pass that M\u012dpis one morning\n    Saw far away in the pleasant sunlight\n    A land of beautiful lakes and mountains,\n    Lovelier far than the place they lived in;\n    And felt in his heart an earnest longing\n    To wander away. So he said to the Red Bird:\n    \u201cLook, my dear, at that beautiful country!\n    There we are sure to be perfectly happy:\n    I can no longer live here on the mountain!\u201d\n\n    Taking the Leaf in her little bill,\n    The Red Bird flew over rock and river,\n    Till she came to the beautiful country;\n    Again on a tree they built their wigwam,\n    And Squ\u02bftes sat and sang on the branches:\n    The little Indian boy Monimques\n    Never had heard such beautiful singing,\n    Never beheld such wonderful feathers;\n    Amazed he stood for a while and listened,\n    Then bending his bow let fly an arrow.\n    Down fell the Red Bird, sorely wounded,\n    And proud of his prey the boy ran homeward.\n    Then another foe came rushing after,\n    Aplasemwesit the Little Whirlwind,\n    Seeing the Red Leaf soon he seized it,\n    Took it in triumph unto his grandsire\n    The mighty Storm; when the chief beheld it,\n    \u201cThis,\u201d he said, \u201cis no common capture,\n    This is the Leaf of the Leaves, my grandson!\n    He shall not die. I will keep him a prisoner:\n    He has come from afar. We must guard him with care.\u201d\n\n    Greatly the Storm Chief fears the Mountain\n    Who stops the wind in its wildest flight.\n    That night there came a dream to K\u02bem\u00fbsoms\u02ben\n    And he learned that the Leaf had been taken prisoner,\n    By Aplasemwesit and kept as captive.\n    Waking in anger he called to his son:\n    \u201cGo to the chief of the storms and tell him\n    To send me the Leaf!\u201d His son departed\n    And when he came to the mighty Whirlwind\n    Said: \u201cGive me the Leaf! Else, ere the evening\n    All of our tribe will be on the war path.\u201d\n    Gladly the Whirlwind gave up his captive,\n    And the son of the Mountain carried him home.\n\n    Soon the Leaf was safe in his wigwam\n    On the great tree. He lived in sorrow,\n    And when the notes of a bird came ringing\n    Out of the forest, his grief was greater;\n    His life was gone with the Little Fire,\n    And the fire of his life was all in ashes.\n\n    Thus it fared with the beautiful Red Bird;\n    When the old Monimques beheld her,\n    Long he was silent, then said: \u201cMy grandson!\n    This is truly no common capture!\n    Well it is that thou didst not kill it!\n    Let the bird live in peace in our wigwam!\n    But take good care lest it escape!\u201d\n\n    Day after day the Red Bird grew better\n    And soon her color was as bright as ever,\n    Until one morning when least expected,\n    Her voice broke forth like a brook into sunshine.\n    These were her words: \u201cCould the Wind but hear me,\n    I should not long be kept a captive,\n    Soon he would carry the news to the Mountain!\n    Soon the Mountain would send a warrior,\n    Soon the warrior would give me freedom!\n    Soon I should be with the Leaf again!\u201d\n\n    As the old Monimques heard her singing:\n    His heart at the words grew weak with fear:\n    \u201cTruly it was a bad beginning\n    That ever my grandson shot this singer,\n    And truly, \u2019twould have a woful ending,\n    If the Mountain should learn she is here!\n    It is madness to keep her a captive,\n    But certain death if we let her go free!\u201d\n\n    While he thought it over his grandson returned\n    Bringing a burden of birds of the forest,\n    And little singers who live by the rivers:\n    And when they were cooked, and the chief had eaten,\n    Down by the fire he lay on a bear skin,\n    Smoking himself into silent sleep.\n    The door was closed, nor was there a crevice\n    Through which the Red Bird could creep to freedom\n    When all at once she thought of the opening\n    Through which the smoke from the fire ascended\n    Ever upward so densely pouring\n    Nobody deemed she would dare to pass it.\n\n    As the head of Monimques drooped on his shoulder\n    And as the pipe stem dropped from his fingers\n    And as the little W\u02benag\u02bemeswuk\n    The tiny fairies who tap the eyelids,\n    Soothed him into deepest slumber,\n    Softly the Red Bird rose and taking\n    A birchen bucket, filled it with water.\n    Dipping her wing in the water she sprayed it\n    Little by little upon the fire;\n    Little by little the fire, like Monimques\n    Sunk to sleep, and the bright red flame\n    Lay down to rest in the dull gray ashes.\n    Out of the smoke-hole, in careful silence\n    Flitted Squ\u02bftes, and when far from the wigwam,\n    In the fresh air and the beautiful sunshine,\n    Heard other song-birds far beneath her.\n    As she went flying over the forest,\n    Leaving death behind, with love before her,\n    She had never been half so happy.\n    And what was her joy when she reached the mountain\n    And saw from afar on the great tree rising\n    A bright Red Leaf which shone in the sunset;\n    Straight was her flight as that of an arrow,\n    Fast as an arrow, when she beheld him.\n    And the Red Leaf leapt as if smit by an arrow,\n    When all in an instant her arms were round him.\n    Then without an instant\u2019s warning\n    All his darkness was turned to daylight,\n    And the Red Wing burst into tears of rapture.\n\n    It was long ago, even in the morning\n    Of the first moons that this all happened;\n    Trees had not mouldered as yet in the valleys,\n    To the cold depths of many a river\n    Fishes as yet had not found their way,\n    And all the secret roads of the forest\n    Had not been learned by the bear or woodchuck;\n    But even then the Squ\u02bftes and M\u012dpis\n    Lived all the summer upon the mountain,\n    Sung in its shadows and shone in the sunshine\n    Still as of yore they are singing and shining;\n    And so it will be while the mountain is there.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[64] Long ago on the big mountain lived the happy little leaf.\n\n[65] In the original Indian-English version this line is given\nas--\u201cOnly kind words and popular songs.\u201d\n\n\n\n\n                                  V\n\n                            THE BLIND BOY\n\n                           A VERY OLD SONG\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n           _Nit neke epit p\u02beiche nitwechi moskesits\n            Poskaniknikok mechinechik etli-posk\u02bfnot._[66]\n\n\n    There was a woman, long, long ago,\n    She came out of a pit\n    In which dead people were buried;\n    She made her home in a tree;\n    She was dressed in leaves;\n    All long, long ago.\n    When she walked among the dry leaves,\n    Her feet were so covered\n    That they could not be seen;\n    She walked in the woods\n    Singing all the time:\n    \u201cI want company: I am lonesome!\u201d\n    All long, long ago!\n\n    From afar o\u2019er the lakes and mountains\n    A wild man heard her cry;\n    He came to her, she saw him,\n    Saw him and was afraid;\n    She tried to flee away,\n    For he was clothed with the rainbow,\n    Color and light were his garments.\n    She ran and he pursued her,\n    Pursued her rapidly,\n    Unto the foot of a mountain.\n    He spoke in a strange language,\n    She could not understand him.\n    He would make her tell where she dwelt.\n    They married and had two children\n    One of them was a boy,\n    A boy who was blind from his birth.\n    But he frightened his mother by his sight;\n    He could tell her what was coming:\n    What was coming from afar,\n    What was near he could not see.\n    He could see the bear and moose,\n    Far away beyond the mountains;\n    He could see through everything.\n\n    The father was a great being,\n    He was a mighty hunter;\n    His wife had magic gifts.\n    A boy was born to them\n    Alas, the boy was blind!\n    In time his sight returned,\n    He said that he could see.\n    The mother did not believe it,\n    She thought it was magic sight.\n    So one day she bade her husband\n    Put on him certain things\n    Which no one could behold\n    Who saw them not with eyes\n    As every one could see them.\n    And then she asked the boy\n    \u201cWhat is it that your father\n    Uses to pull his sled?\u201d\n    Promptly the child replied\n    \u201cThe rainbow.\u201d Then she said:\n    \u201cWhat has he for a bow-string?\u201d\n    To which his answer was\n    \u201cIt is Ketaksuwau\u02bft\n    That is the Spirits\u2019 Road\u201d\n    (Meaning the Milky Way).\n    Yet once more she inquired:\n    \u201cWhat has he on his sled?\u201d\n    \u201cA beaver,\u201d he replied;\n    She knew that he could see.\n\nIt would appear from collateral indications of other songs in\ndifferent tribes that this song is of very great antiquity. The\nfirst portion of it was chanted to Mrs. W. Wallace Brown by an old\nIndian woman; the remainder was recovered from the Passamaquoddy\nThomas Josephs or Tamaquah. There appears to be in the myth, for\nsuch it undoubtedly is, a refinement of philosophic or theosophic\nspeculation. This is shown in the conception of the young magician,\nor poet, so gifted though _blind_ that his mother could not determine\nwhether he saw all things by _clairvoyance_ or natural vision.      L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[66] Long ago there was a woman who came out of a pit where dead\npeople are buried.\n\n\n\n\n                                  V\n\n                       PASSAMAQUODDY LOVE SONG\n\n                            ORIGINAL TEXT\n\n\n    Anigowanotenu!\n    Boski ktabin elmi nelemwik\n    Elmi papkeyik; boski ktlabin,\n    Anigowanotenu!\n\n    Neket mpesel etli-nemiotyikw.\n    Etuchi wlinakwben sebayi sibuk;\n    Etuchi wli baquasketen.\n    K\u02bemachtina nolithasiben.\n    Mechinoltena keppitham\u02bel.\n    Anigowanotenu!\n\n    Boski ktlabin elmi nelemwik\n    Elmi papkeyik; boski ktlabin,\n    Anigowanotenu!\n\n    Negetlo he eli-alnisukmekwben\n    Sibayi guspenik\n    Etuchi welanakwsititben wuchowek\n    He eli-machip klamisken mipisel.\n    Anigowanotenu!\n\n    Anigowanotenu!\n    Nittloch apch eli-alnisuknukw tan etuch apachyaie;\n    Tan etuch boski p\u02bekesik mipisel\n    Yut pemden nit k\u02betlaskuyin.\n    Anigowanotenu!\n    Boski k\u02betlabin elmi nelemwik\n    Elmi papkeyik;\n    Boski k\u02betlabin,\n    Anigowanotenu!\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n                                  V\n\n                       PASSAMAQUODDY LOVE SONG\n\n\n    Anigowanoten\u00fb!\n    Oft these lonely days thou look\u2019st\n    On beauteous river and down shining stream.\n    Oft thou look\u2019st and sighest deep,\n    Anigowanoten\u00fb!\n\n    With me thy lover by thy side\n    How fair that stream did bubble on!\n    How lovely was the silver moon!\n    Thy heart now tells thee of that joy.\n    E\u2019en unto death I think of thee.\n    Anigowanoten\u00fb!\n\n    Oft these lonely days thou look\u2019st\n    On beauteous river and down shining stream.\n    Oft thou look\u2019st and sighest deep.\n    Anigowanoten\u00fb!\n\n    When we in birch canoe did glide\n    Together on that glistening lake,\n    How fair the hills and how we watched\n    The _red_ leaves whirling in the breeze.\n    Anigowanoten\u00fb!\n\n    Anigowanoten\u00fb!\n    We\u2019ll rove once more in bark canoe\n    And watch the _green_ leaves swirl on high\n    When spring smiles on the mountain tops.\n    Anigowanoten\u00fb!\n    Oft these lonely days thou look\u2019st\n    On beauteous river and down shining stream.\n    Oft thou look\u2019st and sighest deep.\n    Anigowanoten\u00fb!          P.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n                                  VI\n\n                        THE SONG OF THE STARS\n\n                        [_Passamaquoddy text_]\n\n\n    Nilun pesazmuk elintaquik.\n    Nt\u02belintotebin k\u02bepesaukhenm\u00e2gonok.\n    Nilun sipsizuk squ\u02bftek;\n    K\u02bep\u02bemitoiapon pissokiqs\n    K\u02bepesaukhenmagon pesazum.\n    K\u02bet\u02belintoanen \u00e2\u00fbt niwesquok;\n    Ot\u00e2\u00fbt K\u02bech\u00ee-Niwesq\n    Koitchimkononnoak nohowok katonkewinoak,\n    Nosokoat moinial\n    Nit mesq tepnaskwiewis\n    Mesq katonketitiq\n    Ketlapinen pemtenikek\n    Yot lintoak\u02ben pemtenikek.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n                                  VI\n\n                        THE SONG OF THE STARS\n\n\n    We are the stars which sing.\n    We sing with our light.\n    We are the birds of fire\n    We fly across the heaven,\n    Our light is a star.\n    We make a road for Spirits,\n    A road for the Great Spirit.\n    Among us are three hunters\n    Who chase a bear:\n    There never was a time\n    When they were not hunting;\n    We look down on the mountains.\n    This is the Song of the mountains.          L. & P.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n                                 VII\n\n                   HOW THE INDIANS LOST THEIR POWER\n\n                            [_Penobscot_]\n\n                _Uskichinwi pilskwessis muiso Ktatnok\n                 Naya kamach okiwachitahasin._[67]\n\n\n    All of the olden time!\n    Once as an Indian girl\n    Was gathering blue-berries,\n    On Mount Katahdin\u2019s side,\n    She felt a strange loneliness,\n    And said unto herself:\n    \u201cI would that I were wed\n    Unto some brave great man!\u201d\n    And, seeing the great mount\n    In glory rising high\n    E\u2019en as \u2019twere to heaven\n    (White the red sunlight shone\n    Upon the very head),\n    She said: \u201cA man indeed,\n    Like great Katahdin there!\n    High rising over all,\n    That were the man for me.\u201d\n    This she was heard to say\n    Ere she went further on\n    Up to the mountain top--\n    Three years then passed away\n    Ere she was seen again,\n    And then when she returned\n    \u2019Twas with a charming child,\n    The fairest in the land;\n    Only one thing was strange:\n    His eyebrows were of stone.\n\n    She had been wed in truth,\n    To Mount Katahdin\u2019s self;\n    The Spirit of the Mount\n    Had ta\u2019en her to himself,\n    And when she greatly longed\n    To see her folk again,\n    He said: \u201cThen go in peace.\u201d\n    But one thing he forbade\n    With terrible command:\n    That she should ever tell\n    To any mortal soul\n    Who \u2019twas had married her.\n\n    The boy had wondrous gifts;\n    The sages of the tribe\n    Said he was soon to be\n    A mighty sorcerer;\n    For when he did but point\n    His finger at the moose,\n    Or anything which ran,\n    At once it would drop dead,\n    Killed by his magic will;\n    And, when in a canoe\n    He pointed at the ducks,\n    The wild fowl swam no more,\n    And all the water round\n    Was full of floating game\n    Which all might gather in,\n    As freely as they would.\n    And so it came to pass\n    That through that wondrous Boy\n    The mother and her tribe\n    Had ever food enough.\n\n    Now this is all the truth,\n    And \u2019twas a wondrous thing,\n    As ever yet was told.\n    Katahdin the great lord\n    Of the Wabanaki;\n    The children of the Light,\n    Or of the Break of Day;\n    Had wed him to the girl\n    That she might have a child\n    Who should raise up the tribe,\n    And make them great once more\n    Even a mighty race,\n    The Lords of all the land.\n    And so to her he said:\n    \u201cDeclare unto thy folk\n    That they shall never ask\n    Of thee, who was the sire\n    Of this brave lad, our son;\n    They\u2019ll know it all right well\n    If they but see his face,\n    And thou shalt not be teased\n    By questions and by talk\n    From fools who fain would know\n    The by-ways of a god.\u201d\n\n    And so she made it known\n    That none should question her,\n    And gave them all their food,\n    And bade them let her be!\n\n    And truly this was like\n    The casting oil on fire,\n    And men and women all\n    Were raging to inquire\n    About the mystery,\n    And ask the wife herself\n    Who might her husband be?\n    Though everybody knew\n    In all the country round.\n    And though it had been said\n    That life and death and all\n    Hung on her telling naught.\n\n    Though what were life or death\n    To any woman born,\n    Likewise to many a man,\n    Compared unto the joy\n    Of learning that which is\n    None of their business--\n    And tattling it abroad?\n\n    And so they pressed her sore,\n    Still teasing her to tell,\n    And giving her no rest\n    As fools are wont to do.\n    Until one day, enraged,\n    She thought: \u201cThis passes strength\n    And I\u2019ll bear it no more.\n    Truly my lord was right,\n    These people are too vile,\n    Too petty and too mean,\n    For subjects to my son,\n    He ne\u2019er shall lead them on\n    To glorious victory!\n    They are not of the kind\n    To make a mighty race:\n    With them it shall be o\u2019er!\u201d\n\n    And as they still kept on\n    Tormenting, teasing her.\n    She spoke and said: \u201cYe fools!\n    Who fain would kill yourselves\n    By your own folly, ye\n    Mud-wasps who sting the hands\n    Which fain would pluck you forth\n    When drowning in the pool.\n    Why will ye trouble me\n    To tell you what ye know?\n    When ye keep asking me\n    \u2018Who my boy\u2019s father was?\u2019\n    Can ye not plainly see\n    Katahdin in his brows?\n    Now it shall be indeed\n    To your great woe and pain,\n    And abject misery,\n    That ever ye did ask\n    Of what concerned you not.\n    So now from this day forth,\n    Ye all may feed yourselves;\n    For now my boy no more\n    Will lend his help to you.\u201d\n\n    So she arose and went\n    Her way into the woods\n    And up the mountain side,\n    Leading her little son;\n    And from that day and hour\n    Was seen on earth no more.\n\n    And since that time our tribe\n    With all the Indian folk\n    Who once might have become\n    A great and glorious race,\n    Have dwindled down into\n    A very little folk.\n    For when our minds grow small\n    And gossip is our god,\n    We must diminish too.\n    Truly it had been wise\n    For them of olden time,\n    And for us too, indeed,\n    Could they have held their tongues.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[67] Long ago an Indian girl was walking on Katahdin and she felt\nvery lonesome.\n\n\n\n\n                                 VIII\n\n                     THE PARTRIDGE AND THE SPRING\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n            _Uskitap iaqu bamose k\u02bechikok\n             Etuchi nodak metetaguak kequ pichikok._[68]\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n    A man was walking the woods\n    When he heard afar a noise\n    As of footsteps beating the ground.\n    With a cry as of merry singing;\n    So he sought to find the people;\n    \u2019Twas a week before he found them.\n\n    \u2019Twas a man and his wife a-dancing\n    About a tree; on its summit\n    There sat a great Raccoon,\n    And by their constant treading\n    They had worn a trench in the ground--\n    Yea, in it, up to their waists.\n\n    And when the stranger in wonder\n    Asked of them, \u201cWhat are you doing?\u201d\n    They answered that being hungry\n    They were trying to fell the tree,\n    And bring it down by dancing.\n\n    The stranger said to them:\n    \u201cKnow ye not that another,\n    A newer and better way\n    Of felling trees more quickly,\n    Has come into the land?\u201d\n    They asked him how it might be.\n\n    Then, while they greatly wondered,\n    Taking his axe, he showed them\n    How to cut down trees in a hurry;\n    But made it a condition\n    That when the Raccoon should be taken\n    They might have his meat and eat it,\n    But the pelt should be his portion.\n\n    So, when the tree had fallen,\n    And the game became their booty,\n    The woman tanned the skin\n    Which was strangely large and glossy\n    And gave it to the Indian\n    Who took it and went away.\n\n    Then afar in a path in the forest\n    He met with another man,\n    And was greatly amazed at the sight,\n    Because the other was bearing\n    A very large birch wigwam,\n    A dwelling with many rooms.\n    He never had seen the like,\n    And at first was in a fright,\n    But the man, putting down the house,\n    Burst into a fit of laughter,\n    And shook him by the hand,\n    Seeming in faith to be\n    A downright honest fellow.\n    Then, while they smoked and laughed,\n    The man of the house beheld\n    The skin which the other bore\n    Of Espuns, the Raccoon,\n    And said with curious air:\n    \u201c_He kekw nit?_\u201d \u201cWhat have you there\n    The skin of magic power?\u201d\n    Then the other answering told\n    How he met the man and his wife\n    Who danced around the tree:\n    Whereat the man of the house\n    Offered to buy the skin\n    At any price at all,\n    And offered the house for it.\n\n    Then the other looked it through\n    And truly he was amazed\n    To find how many rooms\n    Were all contained in it,\n    And what a wondrous store\n    Of furniture and arms\n    And kettles and the like\n    Were stored in every room.\n    \u201cBut oh and alack,\u201d he cried,\n    \u201cI could never carry this house\n    As you do, on your head.\u201d\n\n    \u201cYou can do it with ease,\u201d replied\n    _Pilow\u00ee w\u02beskichin_,\n    That is \u201cthe stranger man;\u201d\n    \u201cJust put it on your head.\u201d\n    He tried and found it as light\n    As a _kchi b\u02besn\u016dd_, or\n    A basket made of birch.\n\n    And so he went his way,\n    Bearing the magic house\n    Lightly upon his head,\n    Till he came to a hard-wood ridge\n    In which was a bubbling spring;\n    And here he said: \u201cI will live.\u201d\n    So searching he found a room\n    In which there was a bed;\n    A better he ne\u2019er had seen,\n    All covered with the skin\n    Of a snow-white northern bear.\n    So he laid him down to sleep.\n\n    In the morning when he awoke\n    What was his wonderment\n    To see above his head,\n    All hanging to the beams,\n    Good food of every kind,\n    All dainties known to man.\n    For there were venison,\n    Bear hams and many ducks,\n    Buckets of maple sugar,\n    Others of cranberries,\n    And many golden ears\n    Of drying Indian corn.\n    But as in his delight\n    He stretched out both his hands\n    To grasp the tempting food,\n    The bear-skin, melting fast,\n    As water ran away--\n    For it was but the snow\n    Which all the winter long\n    Had gathered o\u2019er his nest.\n    And as he stretched his arms,\n    Lo! they were changed to wings!\n    And up he flew to the food,\n    Which was the early buds\n    Of the birch on which they hung.\n    He was in truth himself\n    A Partridge who had been\n    Wintering beneath the snow,\n    And who in joy came forth\n    To greet the pleasant spring.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[68] A man was walking in the woods and he heard something far off.\n\n\n\n\n                                  IX\n\n                        LOX, THE INDIAN DEVIL\n\n                          [_Passamaquoddy_]\n\n                 _Laks uskiehinwi Wahant\n                  Nek\u016dm mechikit wesis kchikok._[69]\n\n\n    Lox the Wolverine,\n    Is of all the beasts of the forest\n    Crafty and most ferocious,\n    Cunning and utterly given\n    To every kind of mischief.\n    In all the world of the wood\n    There is none so utterly evil,\n    And therefore he is called\n    By right, the Indian Devil.\n\n    Now it happened on a time,\n    That Lox, or the Wolverine,\n    Who had many a time been killed,\n    And as often rose from the dead\n    By his sheer force of will--\n    The one great gift he had--\n    Found himself down in luck,\n    Yea, very deeply down.\n    Crossing in bitter winter\n    A wide and dismal region\n    Very poorly supplied\n    For travel of any kind,\n    The cold wind blew like knives,\n    Snow fell with sleet and frost,\n    And hail and pelting rain\n    All in bad company\n    Came on him all in one.\n\n    And yet this evil soul\n    Was reckless through it all\n    And jolly, for he had\n    With every devilish vice\n    One virtue, as I said,\n    One saving gift, and that\n    Was, that of all the beasts\n    Who in the forest dwelt,\n    Or devils in H\u02bflamk\u00eek\n    (That is the Indian hell),\n    He had the hardest heart,\n    Toughest, as all allowed,\n    And most unconquerable.\n    He was the first to fight\n    And last one to give in\n    (Indeed, he never did\n    Give in, nor meant to do),\n    From which it came that he\n    Was specially admired\n    By all the blackguard beasts\n    Who prowled about the woods;\n    Wherein they differed little\n    From many among men.\n\n    Now, as of all the rogues,\n    Rowdies and rascal roughs,\n    The Wolves are just the worst,\n    You may right well believe\n    That \u2019twas with wondrous joy\n    Lox heard, as night came on,\n    Afar a long sad howl,\n    Betokening the presence\n    Of a pack of these pleasant folk;\n    It was music to the ears\n    Of the Indian Devil, Lox.\n\n    So he lifted up his voice\n    All in the Wolfish tongue;\n    For he was deeply learned\n    In many languages;\n    And soon was in the midst\n    Of a score of howling beasts\n    Of lupine land-loafers,\n    Who danced and rolled and screamed,\n    Biting each other for joy\n    At seeing him again--\n    The Indian Devil, Lox.\n\n    And then the eldest wolf\n    The Sagem or the chief,\n    Said unto him: \u201cI hope\n    Thou\u2019lt camp with us to-night;\n    For truly it is ill\n    For any gentleman\n    To be alone where he\n    Might meet with vulgar beasts!\u201d\n    And Lox replied as if\n    He did a favor, all\n    With condescending air;\n    And ate their best dried meat,\n    And took the highest place\n    Beside their fires, and smoked\n    The chief\u2019s best _tomawe_,\n    That is tobacco, from\n    The chieftain\u2019s choicest pipe;\n    While all the others grinned\n    At his tremendous cheek,\n    To see him put it on--\n    The Indian Devil, Lox.\n\n    And when they laid them down\n    To sleep, the Sagamore\n    Said to the younger wolves:\n    \u201cBe sure and cover up\n    The stranger with your tails.\u201d\n    But Lox, who thought it was\n    A blanket made of fur,\n    Soon threw the cover off,\n    And then the chief and all\n    Admired the plucky guest\n    Who seemed to have no care\n    Of cold, or for their care;\n    And little did he care--\n    The Indian Devil, Lox.\n\n    Then in the early morn\n    When he would wend his way,\n    The Sagem of the Wolves\n    Said to the Wolverine:\n    \u201cOh Uncle--thou hast yet\n    Before thee three long days\n    All in a land where there\n    Is neither house nor hearth,\n    And thou wilt find it hard\n    To camp without a fire;\n    Now by good luck I have\n    An admirable spell\n    By which thou canst have fires,\n    And only three--yet they\n    Will serve thee to the end--\n    This is the way \u2019tis done:\n    Build up a pile of sticks,\n    And then jump over it,\n    Even as children do,\n    And thou wilt see it blaze.\n    This is a sacred charm\n    Of great antiquity\n    A secret \u2019mong the wolves.\n    Thou art the very first,\n    Not of our holy race,\n    To whom it hath been given;\n    No Gentile knoweth it.\u201d\n    And so he bade farewell\n    To the Indian Devil Lox.\n\n    So Lox went trudging on,\n    Away unto the West;\n    And, as he went, he thought\n    Of the great gift of the\n    Peculiar pious race,\n    And, wondering to himself\n    If \u2019twere not all a flam,\n    Since \u2019twas his nature to\n    Suspect all kinds of deeds,\n    As he had ne\u2019er done one\n    Save to some evil end,\n    And being curious\n    And very anxious to\n    Behold some strange new thing,\n    He said unto himself:\n    \u201cTush! I will try it now.\u201d\n    So piling up some sticks\n    He bounded over them;\n    They burst into a blaze.\n    So all had come to pass\n    As the Wolf prophesied:\n    Which greatly did amaze\n    The Indian Devil Lox.\n\n    So having warmed himself\n    He went his way with joy,\n    But very soon observed\n    That it grew cold again.\n    The wind blew sharp and shrill,\n    The snow began to fall,\n    And Lox began to think\n    How very nice \u2019twould be,\n    And pleasant, to be _warm_.\n    Now \u2019tis a curious truth\n    All very wicked men\n    Have always _one_ weak spot,\n    So Lox the Wolverine\n    Without reflection piled\n    More sticks together; then\n    Jumped over them at once.\n    Up leaped a jolly blaze\n    As if to dance with him;\n    This was the second fire\n    And he had still three nights\n    Of bitter killing cold,\n    Ere he could reach his home--\n    The Indian Devil Lox!\n\n    And yet this Wolverine\n    Who was wise in all that\u2019s bad,\n    Wicked and witty in sin,\n    Had not indeed gone far\n    Or out-walked the afternoon,\n    Before he began to think,\n    As he shivered and cursed the cold,\n    Of lighting another fire.\n    \u201cAh--hem!\u201d he said, \u201cwho knows\n    But the weather may take a turn\n    To a thaw, and give us a night\n    Which _may_ be rather warm!\n    _Hum! ha!_ Methinks by the look\n    Of the clouds that the wind may be\n    South-westerly! I think\n    I have heard my grandmother say:\n    That a color such as I see,\n    Of red in the sky, means something--\n    I forget what it is--but it may be\n    A change for the better--or worse!\n    Well, I\u2019ll take the chance.\u201d Thus saying,\n    He piled up the sticks again,\n    And had a third fire--although\n    The first night had not come.\n    But he warmed himself and was happy--\n    The Indian Devil Lox!\n\n  [Illustration:\n    Then gayly jumping over\n    Awaited the cheerful blaze.]\n\n    Then as it grew dark and darker,\n    As the coals and sticks grew blacker,\n    When a fire is dying away,\n    He came to his camping place,\n    And then it grew cold in earnest,\n    A cold to split a flint.\n    However, Lox the Believing,\n    Said, \u201cWhat is good for once\n    Must surely be good for ever,\u201d\n    And made up a pile of sticks,\n    Then gayly jumping over\n    Awaited the cheerful blaze.\n    But all in vain, not a sparkle,\n    Not a hint of anything burning,\n    Not even a tiny crackle\n    Came from the silent wood.\n    But as Lox was persevering,\n    He hopefully kept on jumping,\n    Till after some thirty efforts\n    There arose a little smoke\n    Which came as if it were angry\n    At being so frequently called,\n    And then returned no more.\n    But Lox to himself repeating\n    \u201cAll smoke has fire behind it,\u201d\n    Kept bravely at his leaping\n    Until the Indian Devil\n    Of madness and desperation\n    Awoke within his soul,\n    And he swore by it that he ever\n    Would keep straight on with his jumping\n    Till something blazed--or burst!\n    He himself was almost blazing--\n    The Indian Devil Lox.\n\n    So he kept on a-leaping,\n    But to him there came no comfort,\n    Not even the glow of a spark;\n    And being at last aweary\n    He fell in a swoon on the wood-pile,\n    And so he froze to death,\n    And that was the last that winter,\n    Which was heard of him in the land.\n    Yet I think in time he recovered,\n    For since then, he very often\n    Has appeared among the people--\n    Lox, The Indian Devil,\n    The Indian Devil Lox.          L.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[69] Lox, the Indian Devil, is the worst beast in the woods.\n\n\n\n\n                              =L\u2019Envoi=\n\n\n\n\n                               L\u2019ENVOI\n\n\n    O happy sylvan hours and days of yore!\n    O quaint old speech which echoes in our ears!\n    From you we learn our country\u2019s early lore,\n    The forest people\u2019s sorrows, joys and fears.\n    So pass in peace, ye simple woodland race!\n    We may no longer hope to bid you live.\n    In our mad turmoil ye can have no place,\n    But we have taken what ye have to give.          P.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n                               APPENDIX\n\n                  =The Passamaquoddy Wampum Records=\n\n\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\n                               APPENDIX\n\n                   THE PASSAMAQUODDY WAMPUM RECORDS\n\n  [This is an emendation of the text published by me in\n  Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, xxxvi., pp.\n  479 ff. P.]\n\n\nMechi mieu begokni tohocioltowuk k\u02bechi ya wioo w\u02beskitap epitjik\nwasisek nespi w\u02besikyojik yot mechi mipniltimkil; nit etuch\nalit-huswinook negmaoo tepit-hodmotit chewi kegw layoo kegusitch\neliyoek chewi layoo tech na neksayiu. Nit etuchi m\u02besioo sise\np\u02bechittaketil kinwetaswinoo m\u02besitte elipitt w\u02beskichin anquotch\nelquiyik sownisnook anquotch w\u02bechipenook ketkik snoot segdenook\nketkik k\u02beski yasnook. Pechiote pechiyik Wabnakik.[70] K\u02bemach\nw\u02besipkikm\u02ben yaka keswook naga wew\u02bechiyanya nitta tama wejiwetit\nw\u02betiyawa w\u02beskichunoo kepechip-tolnen w\u02beliagnotmag\u02ben. Nit\nettlowsittgw-ton kisipootwusoo likislootemook. M\u02besitte tekepitt\nw\u02beskichin kinwetto nit k\u02bechi lagootwag\u02ben kitwitasso. M\u02besioo\nw\u02beskichin nootek aknoomag\u02ben m\u02besioo w\u02belitt-hasoo. M\u02besioo w\u02besiwatch\nyogonyalkatkisilet tekowm\u02bek maltnitin. Nit m\u02besioo kesookmik\nsittobjitakan opootwuswinoom. M\u02besioo kesookmik sittopetchitakan\nnissoo kessena agwam\u02bek opootwuswinoom natchiwitchitagwik k\u02bechi\nlagootwag\u02ben kessena k\u02bechi mawopootwuswag\u02ben.\n\nNit m\u02besioo kisma wewsettil nit omache tipit-hodm\u02benya ta n\u02beteh\nw\u02betelook-h\u02bedinya. Stepal m\u02besioo siwatch yokotit eli w\u02beabli\npemowsittit; yokt k\u02bechi sogmak w\u02betiyana-k\u02bet kihee yot elapim\u02bek\nasittwechosyokw k\u02ben\u02bemittunen elipegak naptwuk kenemittonenwul\nkesek ewablikil yot\u02bel pegaknigil tem\u02behig\u02bensis\u02bel to (?) naga tapyik\ntepakw-yil chewi pooskenoswul oskemioo nitte m\u02besioo w\u02betlkislootm\u02benya\nw\u02betlagootinya; nit otaginwipoonm\u02benya kisook etuchi pootwusitit.\n\nNit liwettasoo chikte wigwam. Yot w\u02bekesekmenya etasikiskakil katama\nloo-wen-kelosioo m\u02besitte pootwuswin chewitpit-hasoo tanetch w\u02betitm\u02ben.\nTan etuchi littootit tebaskuswag\u02ben\u02bel m\u02besitte w\u02betipithodm\u02benya tanetch\nlikisi-chenetasso man\u02betim\u02bek guni chikpultowuk topemlokemkil.\n\nApch etuchi apkw-timootit wigwam liwitassoo m\u02besittakw-wen tlewestoo\nnitt na guni omache pootwuswinya; m\u02besioo potwooswin w\u02betoknootm\u02ben\nelipipyaks naga mech matnuttitit m\u02besioo eli w\u02besikyoltotitits\nguenipn\u02beltim\u02bek; nittlo alteketch tepnasko yotipit-hatosoo naga\nk\u02betemakitt-haman w\u02betepittemowa w\u02betowasismowa naga mamatwikoltijik;\nmechi mieu yokli-w\u02besikyaspenik tahalote saglit-hat w\u02besikap\nnaga m\u02betappeguin. Nit m\u02besioo mitte westotitit. Nit likisloomuk\nw\u02betlitonia k\u02bechi lakalosnihag\u02ben naga tochioo opoom\u02benya epasioo\nk\u02bechi wigwam tebagalosneoo; na w\u02betlitunia ebiss oponmoonya\nomittakw-sowall nit wen pelestowat nit etuch eshemhoottam yot\u02bel\neyilijil w\u02benijan\u02bel tebakalusneoo. M\u02besitte na w\u02betachwiyik settswawall\nnaga na mejimioo w\u02bem\u02betutwatm\u02ben w\u02bekchi squt wa wechi skanekaswenook.\nYot wechi mach-hak wababi tebaskuswag\u02ben\u02bel.\n\nNit lagalosnihag\u02ben\u02bel etli-n\u02besettwasik spemek nit nitmame\nlagootwi-kislootmewag\u02ben m\u02besitte kesigpesitt w\u02beskichin newanko\nkesookinito kenooklo kechayami milijpesw. M\u02besitte yokteke\nw\u02beskichinwuk w\u02betachwi elyanya naga wiginya tebagaloosneoo teketch wen\nkegw liwableloket chiwisemha w\u02benikikowal w\u02betesemhogol; nit ebis kisi\nmawettasiks nittlo tane teppo wigit tebakalosneoo chejik s\u02bet\u02bemenal\ntan eyigil tebaskuswag\u02ben\u02bel kessena essemha. Nit wigwam ettlinwasik\ntabakalosneoo hidmowioo m\u02besitte kesitt w\u02beskichin kesittakw chewi\nsanke wipemowsoo. Katama apch chigawi yotoltiwun chewi lipemowsowuk\ntahalo wesi westoltijik witsegesotoltijik opeskon wenikicowa.\nNittlo k\u02bechi squt etli w\u02besittwasik wigwamek hidmowiw m\u02besitte ta wut\nkiswichitakw w\u02beskichin nittetch ettlositit squtek wela manch skat\napch teke yiwibmes-honwal. Nittlo wenikigowal ettlin m\u02besitt woot\nwigwamek nit k\u02bechi Sagem Kanawak. Nitte lakaloshig\u02ben naga hibis\nhidmowiw wababi tebaskuswag\u02benl. Tan woot pelsetek chewi mawe sagyawal\netli n\u02besettwojik nit m\u02besigekw kisittpiyak.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNitte apch omach elok-h\u02bedinya h\u02ben\u02bew\u02betlitunia apsegiguil\nw\u02betebaskuswag\u02benowal. M\u02besioo yot\u02bel tebaskuswag\u02ben\u02bel chewi-littaswul\nwababik. Wechich kiskittasik tan teppo elikimwittpiyak elnogak\nm\u02besittech yo naga elimilichpegek wapap. Yot wapap elyot sagmak naga\nm\u02beitapeguinwuk naga nipwultimkil. Elok-h\u02bedimek tan etuchi metchmete\nsagem naga elipuskenoot eli-m\u02betakittmowatil m\u02besitte w\u02beskichinwuk.\nWulasikowdowi wapap; wigwamkewi wapap.\n\n\n\n\n                            [Illustration]\n\n                               APPENDIX\n\n                    THE WAMPUM RECORDS IN ENGLISH\n\n\nMany bloody fights had been fought, many men, women and children had\nbeen tortured by constant and cruel wars until some of the wise men\namong the Indians began to think that something must be done, and\nthat whatever was to be done should be done quickly. They accordingly\nsent messengers to all parts of the country, some going to the\nSouth, others to the East, and others to the West and Northwest.\nSome even went as far as the _Wabanaki_. It was many months before\nthe messengers reached the farthest tribes. When they arrived at\neach nation, they notified the people that the great Indian nations\nof the Iroquois, Mohawks and others had sent them to announce the\ntidings of a great _Lagootwagon_ or general council for a treaty of\npeace. Every Indian who heard the news rejoiced, because they were\nall tired of the never-ending wars. Every tribe, therefore, sent\ntwo or more of their cleverest men as representatives to the great\ncouncil.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWhen all the delegates were assembled they began to deliberate\nconcerning what was best to do, as they all seemed tired of their\nevil lives. The leading Chief then spoke as follows: \u201cAs we look back\nupon our bloodstained trail, we see that many wrongs have been done\nby all of our people. Our gory tomahawks, clubs, bows and arrows must\nundoubtedly be buried for ever.\u201d It was decided, therefore, by all\nconcerned to make a general _Lagootwagon_ or treaty of peace, and a\nday was appointed when they should begin the rites.\n\nFor seven days, from morning till night, a strict silence was\nobserved, during which each representative deliberated on the speech\nhe should make and tried to discover the best means for checking the\nwar. This was called the \u201cWigwam of Silence.\u201d\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nAfter this they held another wigwam called _m\u02besittakw-wen\ntlewestoo_, or \u201cWigwam of Oratory.\u201d The ceremonies then began. Each\nrepresentative recited the history of his nation, telling all the\ncruelties, tortures and hardships they had suffered during their wars\nand stating that the time had now come to think of and take pity\non their women and children, their lame and old, all of whom had\nsuffered equally with the strongest and bravest warriors. When all\nthe speeches had been delivered, it was decided to erect an extensive\nfence and within it to build a large wigwam. In this wigwam, they\nwere to make a big fire and, having made a switch or whip, to place\n\u201ctheir father\u201d as a guard over the wigwam with the whip in his hand.\nIf any of his children did wrong he was to punish them with the whip.\nEvery child of his within the enclosure must therefore obey his\norders implicitly. His duty also was to keep replenishing the fire in\nthe wigwam so that it should not go out. This is the origin of the\nWampum laws.\n\nThe fence typified a treaty of peace for all the Indian nations who\ntook part in the council, fourteen in number, of which there are\nmany tribes. All these were to go within the fence and dwell there,\nand if any should do wrong they would be liable to punishment with\nthe whip at the hands of \u201ctheir father.\u201d The wigwam within the fence\nrepresented a universal house for all the tribes, in which they\nmight live in peace, without disputes and quarrels, like members\nof one family. The big fire (_ktchi squt_) in the wigwam denoted\nthe warmth of the brotherly love engendered in the Indians by their\ntreaty. The father ruling the wigwam was the Great Chief who lived at\nCaughnawaga. The whip in his hand was the type of the Wampum laws,\ndisobedience to which was punishable by consent of all the tribes\nmentioned in the treaty.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nAfter this, they proceeded to make lesser laws, all of which were\nto be recorded by means of wampum, in order that they could be read\nto the Indians from time to time. Every feast, every ceremony,\ntherefore, has its own ritual in the wampum; such as the burial and\nmourning rites after the death of a chief, the installation of a\nchief, marriage, etc. There were also salutation and visiting wampum.\n\n\n\n\n                ELOK-H\u02beDIM\u02beK TAN ETUCHI MECHMETE SAGEM\n\nTan etuchi mechinet sagem omutl\u02bewaqulm\u02ben\u02bel chewi temitaha naga\nn\u02bekikw-wakw-san. M\u02besitte tan kesiyit w\u02betowegaknul w\u02betchapyil\nw\u02betumhigen naga w\u02bemutewag\u02ben w\u2019skichinwnk w\u02benittagitmowawal\nenguchi g\u02bedunweyin. Tan etuchi tepnasgoyak w\u02beskichinwuk wikwmania\npootwuswinoowo pootwuswinia wateplomania pili sagmal negootekmi\nkataina w\u02bekislomowyil sagnial. Nitte eli kisi-mawekislootmootitits\nnit opechitakaya kinwetaswinoo newunol kessena kaniachin begwitnol\nhesgun elye Mikmakik, Kebeklo, Panwapskek Welastogok sagem teli\nmechinet Pastemogatiek. Tan etuchi pechiyatit kinwettasijik\nelyatit Mikmakik nitte m\u02bemittutil wechkiyak eguidin metenegnahasik\nw\u02bekisin-setumenya kegw itmowio nitte sagem w\u02bemoweman oskmaknesum\nw\u02betiyan nit wechkoyak kegw nikt kinwut wechipechijik. Nit m\u02besitte wen\nwasisek naga epijik w\u02beskittapyik m\u02betappyataswook wenachi asikwenya\nmalemte eguayik. Nitte peskw w\u02begapetasin natuchio w\u02bethntowatmun\nn\u02beskawewinto-wag\u02ben\u02bel. Nit w\u02betali esui n\u02beskawan elamkigap wiyalit.\nMalemte mechintoo nitte na yok wechiyojik peskw littposwin omilawiyan\nnit na negum w\u02betasitetunan w\u02besiwesul na negum w\u02bewuskawan.\n\nMalemte m\u02besioo mechi n\u02beskaw-h\u02betimek naga tuchioo omach yapasinya\nimye-wigwam\u02bek w\u02benaji-mawehimyanya. Malemtech apch kisi-myawletwuk\nnaga tuchioo lippan tanpunote wigwam\u02bek. Nit m\u2019sioo wen pejit epijik\nwasisek m\u02besioo w\u02betlapasinya w\u02benaji-w\u02belasikwawa s\u02besikiptinenawa naga\nna opummunya m\u02betewegon tesagioo wigwam\u02bek etli wechiwetit nit naga\ntojio hchi-yawiwul w\u02beskichin wutakewag\u02benl.\n\nElukemkil etchwi kisetuchil meskw kisi sepyatikw nit amskwas\nwelaguiwik eh\u02beli wulit-has soeltowegw pemgowlutwuk. Nit apch\nwespasagiwik yokt mejiwejik opetchitaganya pesgowal oskittapemwal\nsagma-wigwam\u02bek wutiyanya sagmal opawatmunia m\u02besitte w\u02beunemyanya\noskittapi gwandowanek. Nitte sagem w\u02betakinwettuwan oskittapemomaweman\ngwandowanek naga apch w\u02betaginwettuwan yohote wechi-welijihi. Nit\nna kisi kusyapasitit naga tojoo omoosketunia wapapyil naga tojoo\negitoso neget elikislotmotits. Nit ettlowsit Pestumagatiek w\u02bekuskatam\nw\u02bek\u02bechi-w\u02beskinosismowow; nitlo k\u02bepawatmag\u02benkil yot ettlowsiyan\nk\u02benajiwichi kehman eliat-k\u02bechi w\u2019skinosismul. Malemte naga kisi\nwestoltitit yokt wechiwejik nit na sagem onakisinn na wutelewestoon\nw\u02betiyan w\u02bepemowsowinoom nit negum holithodmun wenajiwi-chakekemiw\nwicho keman w\u02besiwesul kipnael. Nit apch yokt wechiwejik onagesin\nw\u02beteleweston olasweltum\u02ben kisi-weleyet sagman eliwulmatulit napch\nokisiyinya naga tojoo onestom\u02benya kisookch etuchiweswesittit.\n\nWechiyowitit nittech apch liwitasso eldagemk ekelhoochin malemte\nkisachwuk weswesinya. Wechiyawitit nit sagem w\u02betokinwettuwan\noskittapem nikt k\u02besiwesnowook kisachwuk weswesinya katama\nkiseltumwownewin toji neksayiu omach-honya. Napch moskettaso wapap\nkelhodwei naga w\u02betegitmunya w\u02betiyawa: nit yot etlowsit Mikmakik\nepit wasis w\u02beskittap k\u02bepowatmagon k\u02bechenesin apch wagisook nio nit\nkigwusin katagonkuthag\u02ben k\u02bemachkulit-hookowa. Nit ittmowioo katama\nokiseltumwawun omach-halin.\n\nNit apch elok-h\u02bedim\u02bek liwitasso n\u02beskowh\u02bedin. Nit apch sagem\nopechitagon oskittapem onachi-ketonkatinya k\u02bechikook nit appi\nk\u02betunkatitit nit w\u02betelogwsumnia tan eli pechputit m\u02besioo weyesis\nnepahatijihi malem-te m\u02besioo kegw kisogwew. Nit m\u02besioo macheptaso\ngwandowanek nit etli kitimawemittsoltitit naga kinwetowan\nnojikakolwet (_or_ notgudmit) w\u02betalqueminowticook k\u02bewaltewall (_or_\nwikw-poosaltin). Nit m\u02besioo wen w\u02benastowan. Elque milit nitte\nna w\u02bequaskoltinya wasisek epitjik w\u02beskitapyik pemip-hatijihi waltewa\nmosque weya malemte pechik sikowlutwuk gwandowanek. Nitte m\u02besioo\nt\u02beholpiyanya pemkemigek nit yokt nojitophasijik otephemwan yayate\nelapesit. Yot nit elwittasik elok-h\u02bedim\u02bek egelhodwi wikw-paltin; nit\nkisapeseltitit omach yapasinya. Nitte apch neksayiu appat aptdoowuk.\nNit naga tochio h\u02benskowh\u02bedin nit apch yokt wechiwejik onakisin peskw\nw\u02betlintowatm\u02benhichi eleyiks elittotits omesomsowuk peskwun kessena\nnisnol elintowatkil. Nit na sagem wut wechi yot wenaskawan-na.\n\nMalemte nit mechintotim\u02bek nit sagem holpin eppasio gwandowanek\nkelnek pegholagnesis naga epesis nitte omache k\u02betumosin omachetemun\nopekholag\u02ben naga otlintowatmun k\u02betumaswintowag\u02ben\u02bel. Nit miswen\nonayinyan opemkan w\u02beskittapyik epitjik pechiote wasisek nit omikmow\npowl\u02betinya.\n\nNit malemte mechit piye apch naga tojoo apch otakinwipunmunia\netuchi mach-hatit. Apch kisatchitit nit apch sagem nimwul-k\u02bed\u02beminya\nhilelok-h\u02bedimkil. Anquotch metch nichi kesspemi minwukelhak yot\nnit eldakewag\u02ben anquotch metch nihilente kessena te peskw kisoos\netasi-welaquiwigil pemkak; nit quenni wechi yot.\n\n\n             CEREMONIES CUSTOMARY AT THE DEATH OF A CHIEF\n\nWhen the chief of a tribe died, his flag-pole was cut down and\nburnt, and his war-like appurtenances, bows and arrows, tomahawk and\nflag, were buried with him. The Indians mourned for him one year,\nafter which the _Pwutwusimwuk_ or leading men were summoned by the\ntribe to elect a new chief. The members of one tribe alone could not\nelect their own chief; according to the common laws of the allied\nnations, he had to be chosen by a general wigwam. Accordingly,\nafter the council of the leading men had assembled, four or six\ncanoes were dispatched to the Micmac, Penobscot and Maliseet tribes\nif a Passamaquoddy chief had died.[71] These canoes bore each a\nlittle flag in the bow as a sign that the mission on which the\nmessengers came was important. On the arrival of the messengers at\ntheir destination, the chief of the tribe to which they came called\nall his people, children, women and men, to meet the approaching\nboats. The herald, springing to land, first sang his salutation song\n(_n\u02beskawewintuagun_), walking back and forth before the ranks of the\nother tribe. When he had finished his chant the other Indians sang\ntheir welcoming song in reply.\n\nAs soon as the singing was over they marched to some _imyewigwam_\nor meeting house to pray together. The visiting Indians were then\ntaken to a special wigwam allotted to their use over which a flag was\nset. Here they were greeted informally by the members of the tribe\nwith hand-shaking, etc. The evening of the first day was spent in\nentertaining the visitors.\n\nOn the next day the messengers sent to the chief desiring to see all\nthe tribe assembled in a _gwandowanek_ or dance hall. When the tribe\nhad congregated there, the strangers were sent for, who, producing\ntheir strings of wampum to be read according to the law of the big\nwigwam, announced the death of the chief of their tribe, \u201ctheir\neldest boy\u201d (_k\u02bechi w\u02beskinosismowal_), and asked that the tribe\nshould aid them to elect a new chief. The chief of the stranger tribe\nthen arose and formally announced to his people the desire of the\nenvoys, stating his willingness to go to aid them, his fatherless\nbrothers, in choosing a new father. The messengers, arising once\nmore, thanked the chief for his kindness and appointed a day to\nreturn to their own people.\n\nThe ceremony known as _Kelhoochun_ then took place. The chief\nnotified his men that his brothers were ready to go, but that they\nshould not be allowed to go so soon. The small wampum string called\n_kellhoweyi_ or prolongation of the stay was produced at this point,\nwhich read that the whole tribe, men, women and children, were glad\nto see their brothers with them and begged them to remain a day or\ntwo longer; that \u201cour mothers\u201d (_kigwusin_), _i.e._, all the tribal\nwomen, would keep their paddles yet a little while. This meant that\nthe messengers were not to be allowed to depart so soon.\n\nHere followed the ceremony called _N\u02beskuhudin_. A great hunt was\nordered by the chief and the game brought to the meeting-hall and\ncooked there. The _noochila-kalwet_ or herald went about the village\ncrying _wikw-poosaltin_, which was intelligible to all. Men, women\nand children immediately came to the hall with their birch-bark\ndishes and sat about the game in a circle, while four or five men\nwith long-handled dishes distributed the food, of which every person\nhad a share. This feast was called _kelhootwi-wikw-poosaltin_. When\nit was over the Indians dispersed, but returned later to the hall\nwhen the messengers sang again their salutation songs in honor of\ntheir forefathers, in reply to which the chief of the tribe sang his\nsong of greeting.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWhen the singing was over, the chief seated himself in the midst of\nthe hall with a small drum in one hand and a stick in the other. To\nthe accompaniment of his drum he sang his _k\u02betumasoointawagunul_ or\ndance songs, which was the signal for a general dance, followed by\nanother feast.\n\nThe envoys again appointed a day to return, but were deterred in the\nsame manner. As these feasts often lasted three weeks or a month, a\ndance being held every night, it was frequently a long time before\nthey could go back to their own tribe, because the chief would detain\nthem whenever they wished to return. Such was the custom.\n\n\n\n\n                 ELOK-H\u02beDIM\u02beK TAN ETUCHI ELYOOT SAGEM\n\nMalemte m\u02besigekw mitnaskiyi nit naga toji sankiyiw omajahapanya\nmalemtech nikt pechiyik elyatit wecheyawitit nitte na omawemania\nopemowsowinomwa w\u02beteginwetowania eli kisi-kiwkenitit eli pekwatotit\nwichoketwag\u02ben. Miyawal te nikt na ketkik otapch-yanya ki\nw\u02bekenitsepenik. Nit w\u02bechi-mach-yiw otaskowalmunia wechiyan nachiwichi\nsakmakatenik. Malemte pechiyik om\u02besioo nit me (?) elok-h\u02bedimkil-lelan\nnach sekeptin ewan nut pemkemek. Pechiyatil odenesisek kisi-pemkatil\nkisi-n\u02beskowh\u02beditit.\n\nMalemte tama nisook nekiwik naga omache hel-yanya m\u02betewagem\u02bel\nnit sagem kitwi yotom\u02betewagwemul. Malemte kisachit otemepelanya\nh\u02benit peskw sagmak oponmowan naga w\u02benasettowan omannim\u02bel naga na\nonas-hewhotlanya pileyal elequotewag\u02ben\u02bel. Nit peskw sagem onestomowan\nyohot sagmal kisiyajik wutege k\u02bechi-w\u02beskinosismowa k\u02betachwi-elokepa\ntan eli kisi-wu-lasweyekw naga na k\u02betachicbik sit\u02bewania nekemch\nna elookil tan wechi miyawil wahod opemowsowinoom. Yot\u02bel na echwi\nelokejil sagem w\u02betachiwi-sagitonel m\u02besioo tan yoot\u02bel nekachikil.\nW\u02betachwi-klamanel chikow yoot\u02bel timkil matn\u02betoltimkil w\u02betachwi na\nkig-ha opemowsowinoom. Chikate w\u02bepemowsowag\u02ben lawutik.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNapch omach yot asinya gwandowanek w\u02benachmoyo-wag\u02benya. Napch sagem\nw\u02bekutomasin naga wisek-han sagmal sagmaskw wisekhod pili sagmal naga\nkiska-mek.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nApch wespasakiwik naga okeptinen teboloman el-wig\u02ben\u02bek keswuk\nnihitanke yachihi w\u02betliteboloma wataholoteh elitebolomoot sagem.\nPeskw na elipemket wut eli wisek-hot. Eli miloot o\u02bemanimwa aguami\nsagleyowal katik sagem napch wut piliwi sagem oskowiman naga\nonestomowan kesich pigak wutlokewag\u02benowal miyawal tena okisajin\notewepoosan m\u02betewaguem. Nittle metewag\u02ben-mel osagmamwal nikt gaptinek\nwiwunik apwihtowatijil ya te chikihig\u02ben\u02bel kelnajit ayat na tan teppo\nyot kegus ewabligik quasijik kemenia pekusek w\u02betachwi pekiyawal. Yot\nnit itmowin w\u02betachiwi wulankeyowwowwal tan te quenowsiltil\npemowsowag\u02benawa te w\u02betlipoonm\u02benia. W\u02betachwi lipoonmenia opokenoom ya\nhotankeyowa tich-hi nihitanke yatgotachihi tan etuchi nesa naguak\npechyamkotit. Chewi noteyik gaptinek woot sagem kislomot kitama\nkiseltumwawun wichipnusin ansa teppo w\u02betankeyowa opemowsowinoom naga\nw\u02benote genekmen tan gekw-nesanaguak pechiyak. Nit woot sagem naga\notelitepsowinoom okisitpesotinia.\n\nNit apch ketkil elok-h\u02bedimkil malemte nit welaguiwik nit yaka\nopemkanya tegio te apch echeguak enitespatek w\u02betenkamhedoltinia.\nEnowdoltowuk epeskum-h\u02bedinya w\u02bekisik-apwelanya metewagwemel. Nit\nm\u02besioo tan elitowtoltitit ek-hodasik tan woot neglo-wechik niktech\nwikw-nekik niltelkisek hodasikil. Nit elok-h\u02bedim\u02bek anquoch queneket\nnihi sente kessena te pes-kisoos.\n\n\n                     THE CEREMONY OF INSTALLATION\n\nWhen they reached home, however, and the embassies from the other\n_Wabanaki_ tribes had also returned, the people of the bereaved tribe\nwere summoned to assemble before the messengers, who informed them\nof the success of their mission. When the delegates from the other\ntribes, who had been appointed to elect the chief, had arrived and\nthe salutation and welcome ceremonies had been performed, an assembly\nwas called to elect the chief.\n\nThis took place about the second day after the arrival of the\nother _Wabanaki_ representatives. A suitable person, a member\nof the bereaved tribe, was chosen by acclamation for the office\nof chief. If there was no objection to him, a new flag-pole was made\nand prepared for raising, and a chief from one of the kindred tribes\nput a medal of wampum on the chief-elect, who was always clothed in\nnew garments. The installing chief then addressed the people, telling\nthem that another \u201celdest boy\u201d had been chosen, to whom they owed\nimplicit obedience. Turning to the new chief, he informed him that he\nmust act in accordance with the wishes of his people. The main duties\nof a chief were to act as arbiter in all matters of dispute, and to\nact as commander-in-chief in case of war, being ready to sacrifice\nhimself for the people\u2019s good if need were.\n\nAfter this ceremony they marched to the hall, where another dance\ntook place, the new chief singing and beating the drum. A wife of one\nof the other chiefs then placed a new deer-skin or bear-skin on the\nshoulders of the new chief as a symbol of his authority, after which\nthe dance continued the whole night.\n\nThe officers of the new chief (_geptins_) were still to be chosen.\nThese were seven in number and were appointed in the same manner and\nwith the same ceremonies as the chief. Their duties, which were much\nmore severe, were told them by the installing chief. The flag-pole,\nwhich was the symbol of the chief, was first raised. The _geptins_\nstood around it, each with a brush in his hand, with which they were\ninstructed to brush off any particle of dust that might come upon it.\nThis signified that it was their duty to defend and guard their chief\nand that they should be obliged to spill their blood for him, in case\nof need and in defence of the tribe. All the women and children and\ndisabled persons in the tribe were under the care of the _geptins_.\nThe chief himself was not allowed to go into battle, but was expected\nto stay with his people and to give orders in time of danger.\n\nAfter the tribal officers had been appointed, the greatest\nfestivities were carried on; during the day they had canoe races,\nfoot races and ball-playing, and during the night, feasting and\ndancing. The Indians would bet on the various sports, hanging the\nprizes for each game on a pole. It was understood that the winner of\nthe game was entitled to all the valuables hung on this pole. The\nfestivities often lasted an entire month.\n\n\n\n\n                    NIBOWE ELDAKEWAG\u02beN N\u02beKANSOSWEI\n\nTan etuchi w\u02beskinoos pewatek oniswitijil en w\u02betakin-wetowan w\u02benikigo\nnaga tan yot\u02bel pawatgil nika nio nitaskowtitiesil netch woot\nk\u02betakw-hemoos w\u02betakinwetuwan w\u02betelnapem nit skawen waplithodmuk\nnittech tekw-chetunia. Nit woot k\u02betakw-k\u02bemoosimilan kelwasilipil\npileyal mowinewiyul kessena odook kessena quabitewiyul. Nutch woot\noskinoos omachep-hon odeneksonel yot nackskw wikowak netch nitponan\nwoot neksonel nowtek wigwamek; yote ebonel nisnol naga nowtek\nnaga k\u02besoshone. Nit elichpi milipitasik elawigwam nit kisekelat\nw\u02bedoneksonel. Woot loo nackskw omitakwsel otakin-wetuwan otelnapem\nmalemte kisi-mowemat w\u02benestowan eliwisilit w\u02beskinosel pechipowat\nmatonijanel w\u02beniswinya. Nit skawen wablitthodmuk nittech woot\nkitakw-p\u02bemoos w\u02betelkiman w\u02betusel nowtek pemekpit eneksone nittech nit\nkisit piye nipwoltin nitan elikwusitasik wigopaltin mawemitsoltin\nayot pemkamik neskow h\u02bedim\u02bek. Anquotch quenatk\u02bet pemlokemkil.\n\n\n                        THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY\n\n                          _The Ancient Rite_\n\nIt was the duty of the young Indian man who wished to marry to inform\nhis parents of his desire, stating the name of the maiden. The young\nman\u2019s father then notified all the relatives and friends of the\nfamily that his son wished to marry such and such a girl. If the\nfriends and relations were willing, the son was permitted to offer\nhis suit. The father of the youth prepared a clean skin of the bear,\nbeaver or deer, which he presented to his son. Provided with this,\nthe suitor went to the wigwam of his prospective bride\u2019s father and\nplaced the hide at the back of the wigwam or _nowteh_. The girl\u2019s\nfather then notified his relations and friends, and if there was no\nobjection, he ordered his daughter to seat herself on the skin, as\na sign that the young man\u2019s suit was acceptable. The usual wedding\nceremonies were then held, viz., a public feast, followed by dancing\nand singing, which always lasted at least a week.\n\n\n\n\n           NIBOWE ELDAKEWAG\u02beN YOT PILIOO YOT KISI MAWETASIK\n\nTan etuchi w\u02beskinoos ketwakatek w\u02betachwich na kinwettwa w\u02benikiko\nw\u02benestowan nackskwyil powatkil. Netch woot k\u02betakw-hemoos omaweman\nw\u02betelnapemwa nit skatwen waplit-hodmuk. Nitch w\u02bedakinwettowania\nnojikelol welijil nitch omacheptunia nequotatkeyi wapap nittech nit\nmilatit woot nackwesk omitakw-sel naga tan te kisikesitit kesosejihi\nnajichik lutkig wapap egitasik nibowei. Liwitasso k\u02belelwewei yotech\nw\u02bftetlegitm\u02ben elgitnuwik w\u02benestowalch na eli-wisilit oskinosel nit\npawatek nit\u02bel nackskwuyil oniswinya. Nittech nit metewestakw nittech\nweswi yapasinia yot w\u02beskinoos wigek. Nittech-et-laskowasooltitit\ntegio asittemoot. Nittech na woot nackskw omitakw-sel omaweman\notelnapemw\u02bel nittech skatwen wablithamagw nit\u02bel pechi kelolwelijil\nnittlowen kegw k\u02bechi chitwat ewabligik w\u02bemestom\u02bench. Nittech\nsagesso k\u02bftinipwooltimkepn. Nittlo m\u02besioo li wulit-hodmotit nit\netepkisitpiye. Nit neke oskichinwuk kisi papatmotit nitch patlias\nonipwik-han.\n\nNittech nitt\u02bel nibowe eldakewag\u02ben\u02bel elok-h\u02bedim. Wutech w\u02beskinoos\nomilwan pileyal elquootewag\u02ben\u02bel nit kissewett woot pilkatek\nnetch omach-yapasinia oniswitijil wigwek netch w\u02benatlasikwan\nw\u02bfniswitijil wenachi sekeptinenan w\u02beniswitijil naga kesosejihi. Yot\nnit eliwittasik eldakewag\u02ben wulisakowdawag\u02ben. Nit weswesit wikwak\nnutch nut holpiyanya yohot na pechi kesosejihi quesquesoos naga\npilskwessis naga gana w\u02beskittapyik. Wutech na w\u02beskinoos na onag\u02benl\nmakeslasikasijihi nittech omach-yapasinia w\u02benachi-sekeptinenya.\nMalemtech metlasikowdoltin. Nittech uletonya k\u02bechi mawepoltimek\nwutech nackskw towipootpoonek liwitass natpoonan oskittapyik epijik\npechi te wasisek. Wutech na w\u02beskinoos soksagw kotch meketch tlagw-te\nmijwag\u02ben malemch kisakwtek. Nit wikopaltinya netch w\u02begagalwaltinya\nk\u02bewaltewall. M\u02besitte wen w\u02benestem nit.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNit omache-guaskoltinia natchi teppam wan wikopalan. Mechte\nnibowattimek meskw metekto. Nitte otlas-hewhodlusooltinya naga\nomach-yapasinia gwandowanek. Malemte pachaswook gwandowanek pechi\nkesosejihi. Nitte kes yapasitit nitte pesgowat peskutenil ech-wechi\nk\u02bechich yot lusoweskw eliyit kis gwandowanek. Nit ne oskinoo-lusoo.\nEna negum omach-yapasinia kesooswechihi malemte petapaswuk\nkesyapasittit nit apch peskw-tay peskowat. Nitte gaptin omachep-han\nomachi-ostook kegania oniswitijil.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMalemte epasitpokak en-onatpoon-h\u02bedinya kiste wulaquipwag\u02ben.\nNitt etli-mikomoot yokt kisiniswijik nit yot\u02bel lusowesquiwil\nomache-kesoosanya k\u02bechi epitjik. Otasohonel na onespiptonial.\n\n\n                               METEGUT.\n\n\n                 THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY IN LATER DAYS.\n\nAfter the adoption of the wampum laws the marriage ceremony was much\nmore complicated.\n\nWhen the young man had informed his parents of his desire to marry\nand the father had secured the consent of the relations and friends,\nan Indian was appointed to be the _Keloolwett_ or marriage herald,\nwho, taking the string of wampum called the _Kelolwawei_, went to\nthe wigwam of the girl\u2019s father, generally accompanied by as many\nwitnesses as cared to attend. The herald read the marriage wampum\nin the presence of the girl and her father, formally stating that\nsuch and such a suitor sought his daughter\u2019s hand in marriage. The\nherald, accompanied by his party, then returned to the young man\u2019s\nwigwam to await the reply. After the girl\u2019s father had notified his\nrelatives and friends and they had given their consent, the wedding\nwas permitted to go on.\n\nThe usual ceremonies then followed. The young man first presented\nthe bride-elect with a new dress. She, after putting it on, went\nto her suitor\u2019s wigwam with her female friends, where she and her\ncompany formally saluted him by shaking hands. This was called\n_wulisakowdowagon_ or salutation. She then returned to her father\u2019s\nhouse, where she seated herself with her following of old women and\ngirls. The groom then assembled a company of his friends, old and\nyoung men, and went with them to the bride\u2019s wigwam to salute her\nin the same manner. When these salutations were over a great feast\nwas prepared by the bride, enough for all the people, men, women and\nchildren. The bridegroom also prepared a similar feast. Both of these\ndinners were cooked in the open air and when the food was ready\nthey cried out _k\u02bewaltewall_, \u201cyour dishes.\u201d Every one understood\nthis, which was the signal for the merrymakers to approach and fall\nto.\n\nThe marriage ceremonies, however, were not over yet. The wedding\nparty arrayed themselves in their best attire and formed two\nprocessions, that of the bride entering the assembly wigwam first. In\nlater times it was customary to fire a gun at this point as a signal\nthat the bride was in the hall, whereupon the groom\u2019s procession\nentered the hall in the same manner, when a second gun was fired.\nThe _geptins_ of the tribe and one of the friends of the bride then\nconducted the girl to the bridegroom to dance with him. At midnight,\nafter the dancing, a supper was served, to which the bride and groom\nwent together and where she ate with him for the first time. The\ncouple were then addressed by an aged man (_nojimikokemit_) on the\nduties of marriage.\n\nFinally, a number of old women accompanied the newly made wife to\nher husband\u2019s wigwam, carrying with them her bed-clothes. This final\nceremony was called _natboonan_, taking or carrying the bed.        P.\n\n\n                               THE END.\n\n\nFOOTNOTES:\n\n[70] According to Indian tradition, six Iroquoian tribes united in a\nconfederation in the interests of peace. This was the famous league\nof the six nations: Onondagas, Mohawks, Oneidas, Senecas, Cayugas\nand Tuscaroras. The first five of these completed their league as\nearly as the middle of the fifteenth century under the Onondaga chief\nHiawatha. The object of the federation was to abolish war altogether\n(see Brinton, \u201cThe American Race,\u201d pp. 82, 83). It is evident that\nthe Passamaquoddy tradition embodied in this part of the Wampum\nRecords refers to these proposals made by their Iroquois neighbors.\n\n[71] From here on the recorder mentions only the neighboring\nAlgonkin tribes as belonging to the federation which he has in\nmind. The northern Algonkin tribes were very probably in a loose\nfederation with the Iroquois merely for purposes of intertribal\narbitration. These Algonkin clans themselves, however, seem to have\nbeen politically interdependent, as one clan could not elect a chief\nwithout the consent of all the others.\n\n\n\n\n                              =Glossary=\n\n\n\n\n                             Glossary[72]\n\n    [72] A.=Abenaki; P.=Passamaquoddy; Pen.=Penobscot; M.=Micmac.\n\n\n  \u00c2b\u00e2zn\u014dd\u00e2, \u201cbasket\u201d (A. and P.); cognitive of _abazi_, \u201ctree,\u201d\n     _i.e._, something made of wood. Cf. P. _b\u02besn\u016dd_.\n\n  \u00c2b\u012dst\u00e2n\u0113\u00fbch, \u201cmarten\u201d (M.); probably cognitive with A. _\u00e2p\u00e2n\u00e2k\u0115s_\n     and _panakos_, \u201cmarten.\u201d\n\n  \u00c3b\u016dkch\u0115l\u00fb, \u201cskunk\u201d (M.); cf. P. _\u00e2p\u00eech\u00eel\u00fb_. The A. word is\n     _sego\u00f1gw_, \u201cskunk,\u201d from a cognitive of which, viz., Ojibwe,\n     [_=\u017e_]_ik\u00e1g_, is derived the English \u201cskunk,\u201d and the city-name\n     \u201cChicago,\u201d \u201cplace of skunks\u201d!\n\n  \u00c2kl\u00eeb\u012dm\u00f4, \u201cbull frog\u201d (P.); cf. M. _\u0103bl\u00eeg\u0115m\u00fb_, \u201cbull-frog.\u201d\n\n  \u0102g\u016dn\u014dd\u0103m\u00e2k\u016dn, \u201cstory\u201d (P.); cf. _kt-\u0103g\u02ben\u014dd\u02bem\u016dl_, \u201cI will tell\n     thee\u201d; _\u0103g\u016dn\u00f4d\u016dmaak\u2032_, \u201cone relates.\u201d The A. stem _o\u00f1doka_,\n     \u201ctell,\u201d is clearly a metathesis of the same root.\n\n  Agw\u0113\u2032d\u02ben, \u201cbirch canoe\u201d (P.); see M. _kw\u0113d\u016dn_.\n\n  Alsigontegw = _Arsikantekw_ is composed of the elements _arsi_,\n     \u201cempty\u201d; _kan_, an infix which signifies \u201ccabin\u201d; and the suffix\n     -_tekw_, which always means \u201criver\u201d; cf. _tego_, \u201cwave.\u201d The\n     modern form of the word is _Alsigontekw_, which the Indians\n     wrongly connect with _als_, \u201cshell,\u201d and translate \u201criver where\n     shells abound.\u201d _Als_ appears, however, as _ess_ in the older\n     language. See on this subject, GILL, _Notes sur les Vieux\n     Manuscrits Abenakis_, pp. 13 ff, Montreal, 1886.\n\n  \u0102mw\u0115\u2032s\u016dk, \u201cwasps\u201d (P.); cf. M. _amu\u0115s\u2032_, \u201ca wasp.\u201d\n\n  Aplasemwesitt, \u201cwhirlwind\u201d (P.); M. _p\u012dpt\u014dg\u014dgw\u00e2\u00e2sik_, A.\n     _p\u0115t\u0115gw\u00eel\u00f4ms\u0115n_.\n\n  Appodumken, like the _Lumpeguin_ (both P.), dwelt under the water.\n     He had long red hair and was the favorite bugaboo used by\n     Indian mothers to frighten the children away from the water.\n     _Appodumken_ is identical with A. _Waodumkenowat_, who plugs\n     the eyes, ears, and nostrils of drowned corpses with mud.\n\n  A\u02bftosis, \u201csnake\u201d (P.); in M. _mtaaskum_, clearly not cognate.\n\n  Atwusknigess, a Pass. invisible being who occasionally fells trees\n     with a single blow of his stone axe. This accounted for the fall\n     of an apparently healthy tree.\n\n  \u00c2\u00fbk\u014dg\u0113g\u0115\u2032chk, Blomidon; \u201cDogwood grove\u201d (M.): also called\n     _utkogunch\u00eechk_, \u201cbark doubled and sewed together.\u201d\n\n  Awasos, See M\u016b\u016bin.\n\n  Awesos, See M\u016b\u016bin.\n\n  B\u02besn\u016dd, \u201cbasket\u201d (P.); see _abaznoda_.\n\n  B\u00fbs\u00eej\u012dk, \u201cthey sailed off\u201d (P.); 3 p. pl. participle. The singular\n     is _b\u00fbsit_, \u201cone who embarks.\u201d\n\n  B\u00fb\u02be\u00fbin, \u201ca wizard\u201d (M.) = P. _m\u02bedeolin_ in meaning. The English\n     powwow is a derivative from the Mass. Narragansett cognitive of\n     this word; _poww\u00e2_, \u201cmedicine man\u201d; cf. Roger Williams, \u201cKey to\n     the Indian Language,\u201d Providence, 1827, p. 111.\n\n  Chessuyek, \u201cmosquitoes\u201d (P.). The singular is _ch\u00eesu_ or _t\u02bes\u00eeso_,\n     _q.v._ This has no connection with M. _pijegunjit_ and A.\n     _pegues_, \u201cmosquito.\u201d\n\n  Chibela\u02bfkwe, \u201cnight air sprite,\u201d a monster consisting solely of\n     head and legs, without a body. It was always seen sitting in the\n     crotch of a tree.\n\n  N\u02bechigunum, \u201cmy younger brother\u201d (M.).\n\n  Chikwenochk, \u201cturtle\u201d (P.).\n\n  Chinames, \u201ca fish as long and broad as a man\u201d (M.?).\n\n  Ch\u00eenu, a Micmac equivalent of P. _Kiwa\u02bfkw_, _q.v._\n\n  Chipi\u2032chk\u00e2m, \u201chorned dragon\u201d, really a huge wizard snake (M.).\n\n  Elkomt\u00fbejul, \u201che is calling him,\u201d with obviative ending -_ul_ (M.).\n\n  \u0112p\u012bt, \u201cwoman\u201d; pl. _\u0113p\u012bj\u012dk_ (P.); cf. M. _\u0113bit_.\n\n  Etuchi, \u201cso,\u201d \u201cthus\u201d (P.); cf. A. _adoji_.\n\n  H\u0103mw\u0115s\u016dk, See _Amw\u0115s\u016dk_.\n\n  H\u02bel\u00e2mk\u00eek, \u201chell\u201d (P.); lit., \u201cthe lower land,\u201d from _h\u02bfl\u00e2m_,\n     \u201cbelow,\u201d and _ki_, \u201cland,\u201d + locative -_k_. Cp. A. _Al\u00f4mki_.\n\n  \u00ce, excl., \u201coh!\u201d (P.).\n\n  Kt-iyi-p\u02ben, \u201cwe have\u201d (P.). This is the _inclusive_ we, _i.e._,\n     thou and I. The exclusive form would be _nt-iyi-p\u02ben_.\n\n  K\u00e2k\u2032\u00e2guch, \u201ccrow\u201d (M.). In P. _k\u00e2k\u00e2gos_.\n\n  K\u00e2kt\u00fbgw\u0101\u0101s, \u201cthunder\u201d (M.); really \u201cyoung thunder,\u201d a common proper\n     name.\n\n  Kaktugw\u0101\u0101s\u012ds, \u201clittle thunder\u201d (M.); a further diminutive (ending\n     = _is_) of _K\u00e2kt\u00fbgw\u0101\u0101s_, \u201clittle thunder.\u201d _K\u00e2kt\u00fbgw\u0101\u0101s\u012ds_ means\n     properly, \u201cson of Little Thunder.\u201d\n\n  Kaliwahdasi, \u201cfemale proper name\u201d (P.).\n\n  K\u02bech\u00ee, \u201cbig,\u201d \u201clarge\u201d (P.); also A. and Penobscot.\n\n  Kch\u00ee-benabesk, \u201clarge rock\u201d (P.).\n\n  K\u0115j\u00fb, \u201cO mother\u201d (M.); voc. of _nk\u0115\u2032ch_, \u201cmy mother.\u201d Cp. A.\n     _nik\u02ben_, voc. of _nigawes_.\n\n  K\u0115kw\u00e2j\u00fb, \u201cbadger\u201d (M.); cogn. with Ojib., _miss\u00e1-kak-wijis_.\n\n  Kekw? \u201cwhat?\u201d (P.); cp. A. _kagui?_ M. _kog\u016b\u0113?_ \u201cwhat?\u201d\n\n  Kespugitk, \u201ca place name.\u201d\n\n  Kes saak, \u201clong ago\u201d (M.).\n\n  Ketaksuw\u00e2\u00fb\u02bft, \u201cspirits\u2019 road\u201d (P.); a combination of _ket\u0101kw_,\n     \u201cspirit,\u201d and _\u00e2\u00fb\u02bft_, \u201croad.\u201d\n\n  Kezitw\u00e2zuch, \u201cKearsarge\u201d (Pen.).\n\n  Kitpus\u00e2g\u02ben\u00e2\u00fb, Pass. proper name (?). A mythical being.\n\n  Kiwa\u02bfkw, \u201cgiant ghoul\u201d or \u201cice-giant\u201d (P.); cp. A. _kiwa\u02bfkwa_, a\n     mythical being, similar in form to a man, who inhabited the\n     snows of the far north.\n\n  K\u02bemewun, \u201crain\u201d (P.); cf. P. _k\u02bem\u0113\u012dn_, \u201cit is raining.\u201d\n\n  Ko\u02bfko\u02bfkhas, \u201cowl\u201d (P.); cp. M. _k\u00fbk\u00fbgw\u0115s_, A. _kokokhas_.\n\n  Kuhkw, \u201cearthquake\u201d (M.).\n\n  Kuku\u02bfsk\u00fb\u00fbs, \u201csnowy owl,\u201d a P. word, undoubtedly of onomatapoetic\n     origin.\n\n  Kull\u00fb, \u201ca fabulous bird of gigantic size\u201d (M. and P.).\n\n  Kulpujot, \u201cone rolled over with handspikes\u201d (M.); a fabulous being\n     supposed to be connected with the changes of season.\n\n  Kw\u00e2b\u00eet, \u201cbeaver\u201d (P.); cf. M. _kobet_.\n\n  Kwab\u00eetsis, \u201clittle beaver\u201d (P.); diminutive of _kw\u00e2b\u00eet_.\n\n  Kw\u0115d\u016dn, \u201ccanoe\u201d (M.). See \u0102gw\u0113\u2032d\u016dn.\n\n  Kw\u00eem\u00fb, \u201cloon\u201d (M.); cp. P. _\u016dkw\u00een_.\n\n  Lappilatwan, Pass. name of a small bird which sings from sunset\n     until quite dark. _Lappilatwan_ properly means a tree-fungus,\n     but the word is applied to this bird because it sits in the\n     branches without moving. See _Wappilatwan_ and _Wechkuton\u00e9bit_.\n\n  La\u02bftogwesnuk, \u201cNorthland\u201d (P.).\n\n  Lenni Len\u00e2be, \u201cDelawares\u201d (P.); clearly a loan word from Minsi,\n     _Linni Lin\u00e2pe_, \u201cthe men\u201d (_par excellence_). Cp. Prince, \u201cProc.\n     Amer. Philos. Soc.,\u201d 1899, p. 186; \u201cAmer. Journ. Philol.,\u201d p.\n     295, n. 1.\n\n  Lisignigen, \u201cbreastwork\u201d (P.); M. _l\u016dtk\u016dd\u0101\u0101g\u016dn_, \u201chedge.\u201d\n\n  Lox, \u201cwolverine\u201d (P.); cogn. with A. _alaskan_, \u201cwolverine.\u201d Note\n     the metathesis.\n\n  Lumpeguin, \u201cwater demon\u201d (P.); see _Appodumken_.\n\n  Malikakwsquess, Pass. female name.\n\n  Malsum, \u201cwolf\u201d (P.); cp. A. _mo\u00f1lsem_.\n\n  Malsumsis, \u201clittle wolf\u201d (P.), the diminutive of the above.\n\n  Mano\u00f1gamasak, \u201criver elves\u201d (A.).\n\n  M\u02bedeolin, \u201cwizard,\u201d \u201cwitchcraft\u201d; pl. _m\u02bedeolin\u02bewuk_, P. and\n     _m\u02bedaulin\u014dwak_, (A. and Pen.). Cf. Ojibwe, _medewin_,\n     \u201cwitchcraft.\u201d It probably means originally \u201cone who drums.\u201d Cp.\n     Old Delaware, _mete\u00fa_, \u201ca medicine doctor\u201d; also a turkey cock,\n     from the drumming of its wings.\n\n  Michihant, \u201cdevil\u201d (P.); a combination of _michi_, \u201cbad\u201d = A.\n     _maji_ + _hant_, the same stem seen in A. _Madaho\u00f1do_, \u201cdemon.\u201d\n\n  Mikchik, \u201cturtle\u201d (P.); cp. M. _mikchikch_.\n\n  Mi\u02bfko, \u201csquirrel\u201d (P.); cp. A. _mi\u02bfkowa_.\n\n  Mi\u02bfkumwess, \u201cwood devil\u201d; pl. _mi\u02bfkumwessuk_; a small spirit\n     normally, which has the power, however, of increasing its\n     stature at will.\n\n  M\u012dpis, \u201clittle leaf\u201d (Pass. diminutive); pl. _m\u012dpy\u012dl_. Cp. M.\n     _nebe_, \u201cleaf.\u201d\n\n  M\u02bfskikwul wuli-m\u02behaskil, \u201cperfumed grass\u201d (P.). Cp. M. _Mskeg\u00fbl_,\n     \u201cgrass,\u201d and _welemaak_, \u201cfragrant\u201d; A. _m\u02beskikoal_, \u201cgrass.\u201d\n\n  Monimquess, \u201cwoodchuck\u201d (P.). See M. _munumkwech_.\n\n  Munumkwech, \u201cwoodchuck\u201d (M.); see P. _monimquess_.\n\n  M\u00fbs, \u201cmoose\u201d (P.); see M. _Te\u00e2m_. The English moose is undoubtedly\n     a loanword from Pass. _m\u00fbs_; cp. Pen. _m\u00fb\u00f1s_; A. _mo\u00f1z_.\n\n  M\u016bschik, \u201cplace name\u201d (P.).\n\n  M\u016bsesaaqua, \u201chorse fly\u201d (P.); cp. M. _msus\u00f3k_.\n\n  K-musums, \u201cthy grandfather\u201d; _k-musoms\u02ben_, \u201cour grandfather\u201d (P.);\n     cp. A. _n\u02bemahom_, \u201cmy grandfather.\u201d\n\n  M\u016b\u016bin, \u201cbear\u201d (M.) and P. In A. and Pen. we find _awasos_ and\n     _awesos_ respectively.\n\n  Naga, \u201cand\u201d (P.); M. _ak_; A. _ta_.\n\n  N\u02beg\u016dm\u012dch, \u201cmy grandmother\u201d (M.); cp. A. _n\u014dk\u0115m\u0115s_.\n\n  Nekm\u02bekila, \u201cI am big\u201d (P.).\n\n  Nemchaase, \u201carise\u201d (M.).\n\n  Nenagimk, \u201churry up!\u201d (M.).\n\n  Ne\u02bfs[\u00b4\u0113]yik, Pass, place-name = \u201cthe muddy lake.\u201d\n\n  Nik\u02ben, \u201cO mother\u201d (A.); dim. voc. of _nigawes_, \u201cmy mother.\u201d\n\n  N\u012dl, \u201cI\u201d (P. and M.).\n\n  Nipon, \u201csummer\u201d (P.); also _niben_ in Abenaki.\n\n  Nit, \u201cthat\u201d (P.).\n\n  N\u02bemokkswess, \u201csable\u201d (P.); see M. _abistaneuch_.\n\n  No\u00f1wat, \u201clong ago\u201d (A.); cp. Pen. _n\u00e2wad_.\n\n  Nowut Kemaganek, a Pass. place-name.\n\n  Nsk[\u00b4\u0113]manul, \u201csilver plates\u201d (P.).\n\n  N\u016dg\u016dm\u012dch, \u201cmy grandmother\u201d (M.). See _N\u02beg\u016dm\u012dch_.\n\n  Nujich, \u201cmy grandchild\u201d (M.).\n\n  Nul\u016bks, \u201cmy nephew\u201d (M.).\n\n  Ogomkeok, place-name (M.).\n\n  Onwokun, place-name (M.); \u201ca causeway\u201d; cp. A. _ondawahanik_, \u201ca\n     divide.\u201d\n\n  N-osesak, \u201cmy children\u201d (P.).\n\n  Pi\u02bfche, \u201clong ago\u201d (P.).\n\n  Piliomeskasik k\u02betak\u02bemigw, \u201cNewfoundland\u201d (P.). This is a literal\n     translation of the English name. See _Ukt\u00e2k\u016dmk\u00fbk_.\n\n  Pilowi, \u201cstrange\u201d (A. Pen. Pass.).\n\n  Piktuk, place-name (M.).\n\n  Pl\u00eegun, \u201cCape Split\u201d (P.); M. plekteok, \u201clarge handspikes for\n     breaking open a beaver dam.\u201d\n\n  P\u02bem\u00fbla, \u201cnight-air demon\u201d (A.). This word occurs also in\n     Passamaquoddy and Penobscot as the name of a flying malevolent\n     sprite.\n\n  Pogum\u02bek, \u201cblack-cat\u201d (P.); an animal of the mink tribe, sometimes\n     called \u201cfisher.\u201d\n\n  P\u00fbjinskwess, \u201cpitcher.\u201d Pass. word denoting an evil witch; cp. M.\n     _Pikchimskwes\u00fb_.\n\n  Pulowech, \u201cpartridge\u201d (M.).\n\n  Puloweche munigu, \u201cPartridge Island\u201d (M.).\n\n  P\u00fbn, \u201cwinter\u201d (P.); cp. A. _pon_.\n\n  Putup, \u201cwhale\u201d (P.); M. b\u00fbt\u016dp.\n\n  K-putwusin, \u201clet us take council\u201d (P.); cp. A. _podawazina_, both 1\n     p. pl. inclusive.\n\n  Saak; see _kes_.\n\n  Sagem, \u201cchief\u201d (P.); cp. A. _So\u00f1gmo\u00f1_. English sagamore is a\n     loanword from this.\n\n  S\u00e2ksk\u00e2du, \u201csquirrel\u201d (M. and P.). See _Sexk\u00e2tu_.\n\n  Sa\u016dnesen, \u201csouth wind\u201d (P.); cp. A. _so\u00f1wanaki_, \u201cthe southland.\u201d\n\n  S\u0115nap, \u201cman\u201d (P.); cp. A. _sano\u00f1ba_; Pen. _s\u0115n\u014db\u0113_.\n\n  Senusoktun, \u201cwarming breeze\u201d (P.).\n\n  Sexk\u00e2tu, \u201csquirrel\u201d; see _s\u00e2ksk\u00e2du_.\n\n  Nsiwes, \u201cmy brother\u201d (P.).\n\n  Skitap, \u201cman\u201d (P.); cp. old Pass. _wusketomp_.\n\n  Squ\u02bftes, \u201clittle fire\u201d (P.); dim. of _squt_, \u201cfire\u201d; cp. A.\n     _skweda_.\n\n  Te\u00e2m, \u201cmoose\u201d (M.); See _M\u00fbs_.\n\n  Tiak\u0113\u00fbch, \u201cmink\u201d (M.); cp. P. _chi\u00e2kes_.\n\n  Tom\u00e2w\u0113, \u201ctobacco\u201d (P. and M.).\n\n  Ts\u00eeso, \u201cmosquito\u201d; see _chessuyek_.\n\n  Tum\u02beh\u00eegen, \u201caxe\u201d (P.); cp. A. _tamahigan_.\n\n  Tum\u02beh\u00eegenpow\u00e2gon, \u201ctomahawk-pipe\u201d (P.).\n\n  Ukchig\u02bemuech, \u201csea duck\u201d (M.).\n\n  Ukt\u00e2k\u016dmk\u00fbk, \u201cNewfoundland\u201d (M.); lit., \u201cthe mainland.\u201d\n\n  Uktuk\u00e2mkw, \u201cNewfoundland\u201d (P.); the usual form is _piliomeskasik\n     k\u02betak\u02bemigw_, _q.v._\n\n  Unamagik, \u201cotters\u201d (P.); cp. A. _unegigw_, \u201cotter.\u201d A place name.\n\n  Upsinai, \u201cmedicine-bag\u201d (M.).\n\n  Uskichin } \u201cIndian\u201d (P.).\n  Uskijin  }\n\n  Waagu\u02bfkw, \u201clice\u201d (M.).\n\n  W\u00e2bab, \u201cwampum\u201d (P.); lit., \u201csomething white,\u201d from the color of\n     the shells. In A. _skw\u014d\u00f1zo_.\n\n  Wabanaki, \u201cthe land of the dawn, or east\u201d (P. and Pen.); in A.\n     _Wo\u00f1banaki_, from _wo\u00f1ban_, \u201cdawn\u201d (lit., \u201cwhitening\u201d) + _aki_,\n     \u201cland.\u201d This also means \u201can Eastlander.\u201d\n\n  Wahwun, \u201cegg\u201d (P.); M. _w\u00e2\u00fb_; A. _wo\u00f1wan_.\n\n  Wappilatwan, \u201ctoadstool\u201d (P.); punningly applied as an epithet to\n     _Lappilatwan_, _q.v._ See _wechkuton\u00e9bit_.\n\n  Wa\u02bfsis, \u201cchild\u201d (P.); cp. A. _awo\u00f1sis_.\n\n  W\u02bechipi, \u201cEast wind\u201d (P.).\n\n  Webetumekw, \u201cshark\u201d (M.).\n\n  Wechkuton\u00e9bit, \u201che sits with his mouth open\u201d (P.); parti., 3 p.,\n     singular. See _Lappilatwan_ and _Wappilatwan_.\n\n  Wegadusk, \u201cnorthern lights\u201d (M.).\n\n  W\u02benag\u02bemeswuk, \u201cfairies\u201d (P.); small beings in human form of a\n     benevolent character.\n\n  Wichkw\u00eedlakunchich, \u201csmall dish of bark\u201d (P.).\n\n  W\u00eeg\u00eet, \u201che, they live or lives\u201d (P.); parti., 3 p., sing. and\n     plural. The stem _wig_, \u201cdwell, live,\u201d is common to all the\n     Algic idioms. Cp. _wigw\u00e2m_, \u201ca house.\u201d\n\n  Wiguladumuch, \u201celves\u201d; pl. -_uk_ (M.).\n\n  Winpe, a Pass. evil spirit, perhaps cogn. with M. _Winsit_, \u201cdevil.\u201d\n\n  W\u00eew\u012dlmekw, a Pass. horned monster, living in the water.\n\n  Wucho\u02bfsen, \u201cnorth wind\u201d (P.). This word denotes a fabulous eagle\n     which causes the wind by the motion of his wings.\n\n  Wut, \u201cthat\u201d (P.).\n\n  Owing to lack of space, this Glossary contains only the most\n  important Indian words which appear in the English text.\n  No attempt has been made to explain the Indian headings\n  grammatically, nor the text of quoted poems.          P.\n\n\n\n\n                            OTHER WORKS BY\n                        CHARLES GODFREY LELAND\n\n\n  The Poetry and Mystery of Dreams, 1850\n  Hans Breitmann\u2019s Ballads, 1868\n  The English Gypsies and Their Language, 1872\n  English Gypsey Ballads, 1873\n  Life of Abraham Lincoln, 1881\n  The Minor Arts, 1881\n  The Gypsies, 1883\n  The Algonquin Legends of New England, 1884 (2d edition 1885)\n  Dictionary of Jargon and Slang (in collaboration with Prof. Barr\u00e8re),\n       1891\n  Gypsey Sorcery, 1891\n  Legends of Florence, 2d series, 1895\u20136\n  Hans Breitmann in Tyrol, 1895\n  Songs of the Sea and Lays of the Land, 1895\n  Mending and Repairing, 1896\n  One Hundred Profitable Arts (issued as a series of handbooks)\n  Legends of Virgil, 1899\n  The Gothic Mother Goose (in preparation)\n  Flaxius (in preparation)\n\n\n\n\n                            OTHER WORKS BY\n\n                          JOHN DYNELEY PRINCE\n\n\n  Notes on the Language of the Eastern Algonkin Tribes, in the American\n       Journal of Philology, ix. pp. 310\u2013316, 1888\n  Arch\u00e6ology in Turkey, in the New York Independent, Dec. 6, 1888\n  The Linguistic Position of the Osmanli Turkish, in Johns Hopkins\n       University Circular, April, 1891\n  MENE MENE TEKEL UPHARSIN, an historical study of the Fifth Chapter of\n       Daniel, with translation of the Cyrus Cylinder and the Annals of\n       Nabonidus, Baltimore, 1893\n  The Syntax of the Assyrian Preposition Ina, in the Proceedings of the\n       American Oriental Society, April, 1895, pp. ccxviii-ccxxvi\n  The Book of Psalms, English Translation of Wellhausen\u2019s Notes, in the\n       Polychrome Edition of the Old Testament, Leipzig, 1895\n  Brasluniau o Bagdad, in the Drych (Welsh Newspaper), March 5, 1896\n  The Passamaquoddy Wampum Records, in the Proceedings of the American\n       Philosophical Society, pp. 479\u2013495, 1897\n  Old Testament Notes, in the Journal of Biblical Literature, xvi. pp.\n       175\u20136, 1897\n  The Syntax of the Assyrian Preposition Ana, in Journal of the American\n       Oriental Society, xviii. pp. 355\u20136, 1897\n  Some Passamaquoddy Documents in the Annals of the New York Academy of\n       Science, xi. nr. 15, pp. 369\u2013377, 1898\n  On Daniel viii. 11\u201312, in Journal of Biblical Literature, xvii. pp. 203\n       ff. 1898\n  Assyrian Prepositional Usage, Journal of the American Oriental Society,\n       xx. pp. 1\u201311, 1899\n  A CRITICAL COMMENTARY on the Book of Daniel, Leipzig, 1899\n  On Psalm ii. 12, in Journal of Biblical Literature, xix. pp. 1\u20134, 1900\n  Forgotten Indian Place-Names in the Adirondacks, Journal American\n       Folklore, 1900, pp. 123\u2013128\n  Some Passamaquoddy Witchcraft Tales, in Proceedings of the American\n       Philosophical Society, xxxviii. pp. 181\u2013189, 1900\n  The Unilingual Inscriptions K. 138 and K. 3232 translated from the\n       Sumerian, Journal of the American Oriental Society, xxi. pp. 1\u201322,\n       1900\n  Notes on Passamaquoddy Literature, in Annals of the New York Academy of\n       Science, xiii. pp. 381\u2013386, 1901\n  Notes on the Modern Minsi Delaware Dialect, American Journal of\n       Philology, xxi. pp. 295\u2013302, 1901\n  The Modern Dialect of the Canadian Abenakis, in Miscellanea Linguistica\n       in Onore di Graziodio Ascoli, pp. 343\u2013362, 1901\n\n\n\n\n                               FLAXIUS,\n                OR LEAVES FROM THE LIFE OF AN IMMORTAL\n\n                                  BY\n                   CHARLES GODFREY LELAND, F.R.S.L.,\n                          A.M. (Harvard) &c.\n\n                    Published by P. WELLBY, LONDON.\n\n\n\u201cIt is not so much the spirit of Breitmann which animates these pages\nas that of Pantagruel. From the President of the United States,\nRoosevelt, he goes to Hamlet and resolves to visit Hades. The tale of\nFlaxius and the Were-wolf is a brilliant narrative.... Flaxius breaks\na lance for Jezebel and also for Herodias with graceful impartiality.\nThe chapter on the Bookseller is among the most charming in the\nwork.... It is quite certain that many readers will welcome Flaxius\nas a philosopher seeking _la vraie verit\u00e9_, a philosopher whose\nsympathy is very human, and who has in spite of all his erudition ...\nsomething of the na\u00efve spontaneous pen of his Teutonic rival, Hans\nBreitmann.\u201d\n\nCondensed from a review of 150 lines in the _London Academy_.\n\n\u201cThe prose which is nearly all the book is a continued delight and\nsurprise in its humorous ideas, as well as in its more pitiful and\nthoughtful moods.\u201d \u201cThe whole is a literary entertainment of a rare\nand delicate kind. Truly it is one of the daintiest, quaintest,\nmost frolicsome, and at the same time most spiritual of _jeux\nd\u2019esprit_.\u201d--The (London) _Free Lance_.\n\n\u201cAn extremely pleasant and agreeable book.... No one who cares for\ncurious customs presented in a quaint and entrancing manner will miss\n\u2018Flaxius: Leaves from the Life of an Immortal.\u2019\u201d--_Pall Mall Gazette._\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber\u2019s Note:\n\nWords and phrases in italics are surrounded by underscores, _like\nthis_. Chapter and Canto headings, printed in gothic font, are\nsurrounded by equal signs, =like this=. Letters that have both an\naccent and macron are shown within brackets, like this: [\u00b4\u0113]. Words\nmay have inconsistent hyphenation and use of diacriticals.\n\nFootnotes were renumbered sequentially; except for the Glossary,\nfootnotes were moved to the end of the chapter. Partially printed\npunctuation and diacriticals were completed. Misspelled words were\nnot corrected. The word \u2018a\u2019 was added to \u2018... in a pickle ...\u2019 In the\nAppendix, the English translation was moved to follow the related\nsection of Native language.","title":"Kul\u00f3skap the master, and other Algonkin poems","tradition":"folklore-oral-tradition","translated_text":null,"word_count":54653}